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REPORTS
Inspectors OF Coal Mines
OF PENNSYLVANIA.
1894.
With a summary of coal production, etc., prepared by the
Bureau of Industrial Statistics, Department of
Internal Affairs.
CLARENCE M. BUSCH,
STATE PRINTEB OF PENNSYLVANIA.
1895.
3>
*^oqe
Mo +
CONXBNXS.
Report of the Inspector of the First Anthracite District, .
Report of the Inspector of the Second Anthracite District,
Report of the Inspector of the Third Anthracite District, .
Report of the Inspector of the Fourth Anthracite District,
Report of the Inspector of the Fifth Anthracite District, .
'teport of the Inspector of the Sixth Anthracite District, .
Report of the Inspector of the Seventh Anthracite District,
Report of the Inspector of the Eightli Anthracite District,
leport of the Inspector of the First Bituminous District, .
1 >port of tlie Inspector of tiie Second Bituminous District,
R t of the Inspector of the Third Bituminous District, .
Re^ .t of the Inspector of tlie Fourth Bituminous District,
Ren trt of tlie Inspector of the Fifth Bitummous District, .
H of the Inspector of tlie Sixth Bituminous District,
Re^ c .he Inspector of the Seventh Bituminous District
Repor,, the Inspector of the Eighth Bituminous District,
Report of the Inspector of the Ninth Bituminous District,
Report of the Inspector of the Tenth Bituminous District,
Page.
1
65
83
117
181
223
261
279
305
341
371
399
415
451
475
501
515
543
-^^' e)fe '"4^
Official Document, No. 11.
REPORTS
OF THE
INSPECTORS OF MINES.
COMMUNICATION.
Department of Internal Affairs,
Harrisburg, April 28, 1895.
To His Excellency Daniel H. Hastings, Governor of Pennsylvania:
Sir: In compliance with the requirements of the Act of June 30,
1S85, relative to the Mine Inspectors' Reports of the Anthracite and
Bituminous coal regions, and of the Act of April 23, 1889, and of
Jane 2, 1891, I have the honor to present to you for transmission to
the General Assembly the rei^orts of the Inspectors of this Common-
wealth for the year 1894.
Very respectfully yours,
ISAAC B. BROWN,
Secretary of Internal Affairs.
A-11 94
Official Document, No. 11.
MINING STATISTICS.
The aggregate production of coal for 1894 in the anthracite and
bituminous districts was 85,306,389 tons, a decrease of 5,295,072
tons from the production of 1893. This decrease was caused partly
by the business depression and partly by a strike in the bituminous
region that was in progress from April until August. The produc-
tion of anthracite coal was 45,50(5,179 tons as against 47,179,563 tons
in 1893, a reduction of 1,673,384 tons. The bituminous production
was 39,800,210 tons as against 43,421,989 tons in 1893, a reduction of
3,621,088 tons.
While the production shows this great falling off, the total num-
ber of employes in and about the mines has increased. The number
CLTiployed during 1894 was 226,872 as against 219,821 in 1893, an in-
crease of 16,051. This seeming incongruity can best be explained by
the reduced number of days the mines were in operation during 1894.
Tn the anthracite region Luzerne county leads with a production of
3 7,243,928 tons as against 18,253,144 tons in 1893. Lackawanna
county comes next with a production of 11,170,382 tons as against
11,667,550 tons in 1893. Schuylkill county is third in order with a
production of 9,985,092 tons as against 9,992,085 tons in 1893, a slight
reduction. The average annual production of coal in the anthracite
region per employe was as follows:
1894,.- 326 tons.
1893, 342 tons.
1892, 352 tons.
1891, 360 tons.
1890, 281 tons.
In the bituminous region, where, as we have already remarked, a
stiike was in progress for several months, and where the general
depression in all kinds of business caused a diminution in the coal
pioduction of 3,621,688 tons as compared with 1893, the hard times
were felt to a greater degree than in the anthracite region. As usual,
W< stmoreland county leads in production with 7,739,080 tons as
against 7^583,346 tons in 1893. Fayette county comes second with a
production of 6,684,153 tons as against 6,105,845 tons in 1893. Alle-
VL MINING STATISTICS. Off. Doc
glieny county is third in production with 6,415,(511 tons as against
6,984,510 ton in 1893. lu coke production Fayette county stands
first, with 3,426,791 tons as against 3,011,054 tons in 1893; Westmore-
land second, with 1,937,128 tous as against 1,700,889 tons in 1893.
The average annual coal production in the bituminous region per em-
ploye for the last five years was as follows:
1894, 462 tons.
1893, 531 tons.
1892, 590 tons.
1891, 564 tons.
1890, 609 tons.
The following is a summary of the fatal accidents that occurred
in and about the mines in the anthracite region for the last five years:
1894, 439
1893, 455
1892, 396
1891, 427
1890, 378
In the bituminous region ihe fatal accidents for the same period
wore as follows:
1894, 124
1893, 131
1892, 133
1891, 237
1890, 146
The non-fatal accidents in the anthracite region for the same period
were as follows:
1894, 919
1893, 1,069
1892, 1,023
1891, 1,003
1890, 1,011
The non-fatal accidents in the bituminous region for the same
]t( riod were as follows:
1894 357
1893. 346
1892,. 393
1891 :.... 314
1800 379
No. 11. MINING STATISTICS. vii
The percentage of fatal and non-fatal accidents for the number
employed during the last five years in the anthracite and bituminous
regions was as follows:
Anthracite Region.
Fatal Accidents. Non-Fatal Accidents.
1894, 1 to 318 employes. 1894, 1 to 152 employes.
1893, 1 to 303 employes. 1893, 1 to 129 employes.
1892, 1 to 327 employes. 1892, 1 to 127 employes.
1891, 1 to 288 employes. 1891, 1 to 122 employes.
1890, 1 to 311 employes. 1890, 1 to 116 employes.
Bituminous Region.
Fatal Accidents. Non- Fatal Accidents.
1894, 1 to 695 employes. 1894, 1 to 241 employes.
1893, 1 to 1,624 employes. 1893, 1 to 236 employes.
1892, 1 to 592 employes. 1892, 1 to 200 employes.
1891, 1 to 312 employes. 1891, 1 to 235 employes.
1890, 1 to 458 employes. 1890, 1 to 177 employes.
The percentage of fatal and non-fatal accidents in the two regions
for the period of five years, for the number of tons mined, was as
follows:
Anthracite Region.
Fatal Accidents. Non- Fatal Accidents.
1894, 1 for 103,658 tons. 1894, 1 for 49,517 tons.
1893, 1 for 103,691 tons. 1893, 1 for 44,134 tons.
1892, 1 for 115,511 tons. 1892, 1 for 44,817| tons.
1891,. 1 for 103,923 tons. 1891, 1 for 44,253| tons.
1890, 1 for 106,260 tons. 1890, 1 for 39,729 tons.
Bituminous Region.
Fatal Accidents, Non- Fatal Accidents.
1894, 1 for 320,9691 tons. 1894, 1 for 111,485 tons.
1893, 1 for 331,465 tons. 1893, 1 for 125,497 tons.
1892, 1 for 350,199 tons. 1892, 1 for 118,515| tons.
1891. 1 for 176,319 tons. 1891, 1 for 138,081| tons.
1890, 1 for 273,420 tons. 1890, 1 for 107,609^ tons.
viU
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ANTHRACITE MINE DISTRICTS.
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Official Document, No. 11
FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
(LACKAWANNA AND SUSQUEHANNA COUNTIES.)
tScranton, Pa., April 15, 18i)5.
Hon. Isaac B. Brown,
Secretary of Internal Affairs, Harrisburg, Pa.
Sir: I have the honor of herewith transmitting to you my annual
report as Inspector of Mines for the First Anthracite District, for
the year 1894.
The total number of tons of coal produced was 5,907,251 or 294,880
tons less than the productioji of 1893.
The fatal accidents were 47, the non-fatal 98, making four fewer
of the former than occurred in the previous year, and an increase
of two of the latter for the same period.
Twenty-four wives were made widows and eighty-three children
made fatherless by the accidents.
There were 125,686 tons of coal produced per life lost, against
121,630 in 1893. The number of tons of coal produced per accident,
fatal and non-fatal, was 40,746.
The average number of days worked was 171.9 against 195.3 in
1893.
There has been no material chj^nge in the general condition of the
mines during the year, except in a few cases where air shafts have
been sunk to improve the ventilation.
In addition to the usual tabulatecj statements, the report contains
brief descriptions of improvements, also of the majority of the fatal
accidents, with brief notes on the cause of many of them, together
with some remarks on the -system of "robbing pillars" in this dis-
trict, and a description of the Lackawanna mine fire and the success-
ful rescue of the fourteen men who were in the mine at the time.
Respectfully submitted,
EDWARD RODERICK.
Inspector.
1-11-94
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Off. Doc.
Total Quantity of Coal Froduced During the Year 1894.
Delaware and Hudson Canal Cc mpany, 2,029,522
Hillside Coal and Iron Company, 829,097
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Com
pany, 403,322
Lackawanna Coal Company, 279,649
Pennsylvania Coal Company, 241,254
Edgerton Coal Company, 203,175
North West Coal Company, 222,011
Pancoast Coal Company, 203,838
John Jermyn, 177,338
New York and Scranton Coal Company 177,151
Jones, Simpson & Co., 212,873
Elk Hill Coal and Iron Company, 226,716
Miscellaneous Coal Companies 701,304
Total, 5,907,251
Number of Fatal Accidents and Quantity of Coal Produced per
Life Lost.
Names of Companies.
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company
HillsMo Coal and Iron Company
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company,
North West Coal Company
Lackawanna Coal Company
Blue Ridge Coal Company,
Jones, Simpson & Co
New York and Scranton Coal Company
Elk Hill Coal and Iron Company
Miscellaneous coal companies
Total and average,
Number
Number of
of fatal
ton
s of conl
acci-
pi
odiiced
dents.
per
life lost.
9
225,502
7
118,442
4
100,831
3
74,004
3
93.217
3
.50,207
3
70,958
4
44,288
6
37,786
5
254,830
47
125,686
No. 11.
FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRIC'l'
Names of Companies and Number of Fatal and Non-fatal Accidents
AND Tons of Coal Produced per Accident ,
Names of Companies.
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company
Hilside Coal and Iron Company
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company,
Northwest Coal Company
Lackawanna Coal Company,
Blue Ridge Coal Company
Jones, Simpson & Co.,
Edgerton Coal Company,
New York and Scranton Coal Company,
Elk Hill Coal and Iron Company,
Mt. Jessup Coal Company
John Jermyn
Pancoast Coal Company,
Miscellaneous coal companies,
Number
of acci-
Number of
dents
tons of coal
fatal and
produced
non-fa-
per accident.
tal.
40
50,761
26
31,888
8
50,415
6
37,003
5
55,930
7
21,517
3
70,958
5
40,635
6
29,525
10
22,672
6
17,680
10
17,734
5
40,767
8
85,232
40,746
Number of Employes and Average Number of Tons Produced per
Employe.
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, 5,066
Hillside Coal and Iron Company, 2,140
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Com-
pany, 916
Lackawanna Coal Company, 609
Pennsylvania Coal Company, 695
Edgerton Coal Company, 459
North West Coal Company, 556
Pancoast Coal Company, 661
John Jermyn, 528
New York and Scranton Coal Company, 536
Jones, Simpson & Co., 733
Elk Hill Coal and Iron Company, 437
Miscellaneous Coal Companies, 2,678
Total, 16,014
Number of tons of coal produced per employe, 368.8
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Classification OF Accidents.
Off. Doc.
Causes of Accidents.
Killed or
fatally
injured.
By falls of coal and bone
By falls of ordinary roof rocic, . . .
By falls of bell-sliaped rocks
By falling down shafts,
By premature explosion of blast,
By explosions of gas
By cars inside
By cars outside
Kicked by mules
Struck by flying coal from blasts.
By explosions of powder,
By falls of dividing rock
Miscellaneous, inside,
Miscellaneous, outside,
Total,
Injured.
9
20
26
38
2
9
1
4
11
12
2
2
27
33
1
3
1
3
3
3
2
3
2
2
3
3
145
Occupation of Persons Killed and Injured .
Occupation.
Killed or
fatHlly
injured.
Injured. < Total.
Miners, 15
Miners' laborers 16
Drivers, 7 I
Runners
Door tenders 1
Company laborers
Footmen
Headmen
Slate pickers 4
Shaft sinkers ' 1
Driver boss, 1
Stable boss
Rock man 1
Locomotive firemen, 1
Locomotive engineers
Plane men
Carpenters
Total 47
43
17
S
7
5
1
3
4
2
1
1
Z
1
1
1
1
Nationality of Persons Killed and Injured .
c
01
i
o
o
a
a
a
a
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Killed or fatally injured
8
2
13
2
1
2
2
2
7
«
2
47
Injured
26
18
13
b
1
4
3
M
»
1
R
1
Sffl
Total
M
20
-^
7
2
2
6
6
le^
15
1
10
1
145
Improvements of 1894.
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company.
At the Leggetts Creek shaft a new plane 500 feet long, with a sec-
tional area of 112 square feet and a j^rade of one in fifteen, was com-
pleted.
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 5
At the Marvine the Clark vei» which is five feet 6 inches thick and
of very good quality was opened up. The second opening slope
which was begun in 1893 was completed from the 14-foot vein to the
surface, a distance of 384 feet.
It has an area of 98 square feet and a grade of "one in four." It is
also used for a down cast for air.
At the Grassy Island mine a new plane 400 feet long on a grade of
12 degrees was completed.
A new tunnel was driven from the surface to the number 2 vein
at White Oak. It is 507 feet long.
The vein here is 3 feet 6 inches thick.
A new fan is also in course of erection to' ventilate all the White
Oak workings.
At Coal Brook, near the face of the present workings, a new shaft
was sunk a distance of 87 feet, for the purpose of ventilation.
A new tunnel was also driven at this mine from the surface to the
bottom coal, cutting a five-foot vein at a distance of 100 feet.
Lackawanna Coal Company.
A tunnel 550 long having a sectional area of 84 square feet was
driven by this company from the surface to the lower Dunmore vein,
which is four and one-half feet thick.
A shaft for the purpose of ventilation was also sunk from the sur-
face to this vein, a distance of 190 feet.
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company.
At Storr's mine, a tunnel 6x12 and 750 feet long was driven from
the "big" vein to the Diamond.
A new plane 450 feet long on a grade of 11 degrees was also made.
At Storrs No. 3 two new planes were made, one 450, the other 500
feet long.
John Jermyn.
At Jermyn No. 3 a tunnel is being driven north across the measure.
It is now 600 feet long and is expected to go 900 feet more to cut the
lower Dunmore vein.
The coal from this new opening will be brought to the surface
through the slope.
A shaft through which the tunnel workings will be ventilated has
been sunk to the vein, a distance of 120 feet.
The vein at this point is reported seven feet thick and of good qual-
ity-
A new plane 450 feet long has also been made in this mine. It
has a pitch of 12 degrees.
6 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Pennsylvania Coal Company.
A new shaft 12x24 feet and 55 feet deep was sunk by this company.
It is used as an air shaft and also for hoisting coal from the third
Dunmore veiii, which is live feet thick. An exhaust fan 17^ feet in
diameter, with a five-foot face, run by a horizontal engine having
14x26 cylinder has been put in.
A new tunnel was also driven from the surface to the second Dun-
more vein V hich vein is also five feet thick.
Elk Hill Coal and Iron Company.
Completed the sinking of their Richmond No. 3 shaft from the 14-
foot vein to the Clark. Also sunk their second opening from 14-foot
to Clark vein, a distance of IGO feet. Dimensions 10x12 feet.
Moosic Mount Coal Company.
A new shaft was sunk by this company from the surface to the
Lower Dunmore vein, a distaace of 175 feet. Dimensions 14x20^.
The vein here is three feet eight inches thick.
They also drove a tunnel from the surface to the same vein, a dis-
tance of 1,000 feet. Dimensions 6x12 feet.
The tunnel will be connected with the shaft workings in course
of time. In the meantime a new air shaft has been sunk to ventilate
the tunnel workings,
Waddell & Ron sunk a new air shaft to the Archbald vein. Depth
98 feet. Area 120 square feet.
Pancoast Coal Company.
This company sunk their main hoisting shaft, also their man shaft
from the bottom split of the «14-foot" to the Clark vein, a distance
of 160 feet. Dimensions of the former 10x34 feet; of the latter 10x14
feet. They are opening up the Clark vein, which is of excellent qual-
\i}. and runs from five to five ard a half feet thick.
Hillside Coal and Iron Company,
Scranton. Pa., April 10, 1895.
Mr. Edward Roderick,
Inspector of Mines, Scranton, Pa.:
Dear Sir: The following is a statement asked for about the drum
and fan, the drawing of which T gave you some time ago:
The drum with fan attached, hs shown in nd.ioining illustration, is
for the purpose of handling coal on self-acting planes without the use
of a brake, except for the purpose of holding up the trip when it ar-
")
DRUM AND Fa
It^ use: ON M°l GBA\/ITV PL_ ANEL
QLLNWOOO COLLIN 8 Y MAYHLLO, PA.
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 7
rh'es at the foot. This is now iu use at the Hillside Coal aud iron
Company's Glenwood colliery.
The plane is 1,100 feet long with a grade of 28 feet to the hundred.
The trip consists of live mine cars, each containing 5,000 pounds of
coal. The rope used is 1 1-8 steel with hemp center. The speed of
the trip is about 1,100 feet per minute, or about 12 1-2 miles per hour.
While the trip is run, no brakes are used, although there are two on
the drum to be used in an emergency.
The drum is the ordinary ivpe 8 feet in diameter, with three spi-
ders, as are commonly used an balance planes. On the drum shaft
there is a 90 cog steel gear which runs with an 18 cog gear on the fan
shaft. The fan is eleven feet outside diameter with six blades each,
being 4 feet by 4 feet C inches, made of three-quarter-inch pine floor-
ing. The arms of the fan are 4x4 inch oak attached to spider, as
shown on the sketch.
This was introduced by Mr. M. M. Walsh the inside foreman at
Glenwood colliery.
Very truly yours,
MONTROSE BARNARD,
Engr. H. C. & I. Co.
Pillar Robbing.
The robbing of pillars has been and is being done in several of
the mines of this district previous to their abandonment.
The veins in which this work has been going on during the year
run from three to fourteen feet thick and are all perfectly flat or
nearly so. Veins of this kind are, in my opinion, the safest, most
convenient and economical to do "robbing" in, and especially so when
the veins are not very deep in the ground, as is the case in most of
the mines in this locality. Jt is true that every occupation in the
coal mines, as well as other callings, has its own peculiar danger
which must at all times be cautiously guarded against so as to avoid
as far as x>ossible serious or fatal accidents.
The dangers of pillar robbing in most cases are no greater than
those of ordinary coal mining, but the general belief is that they are
greatly in excess of those of mining. But this is not correct so far
as this district is concerned, for where pillars are taken out carefully
and systematically in flat veins, the proportion of accidents to the
number of tons produced in tliis way is far less than by the ordinary
every day methods of mining.
During the year not one person lost his life by a fall of roof where
pillars w^ere being taken out, but three were killed by falls of top
coal while thus engaged,
8 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Two of these were instantly crushed to death at the North West
Coal Company's slope by a fall of top coal on the gangway road,
which occurred while they were in the act of trying to bar it down.
The other met his death at Edgerton, also by a fall of top coal in
which a shot had recently been fired, which had failed to blow it
down, but had shattered it so badly that it fell by its own weight
shortly after the unfortunate man had reached the face.
Coal is being taken from the pillars in many of the mines of this
district by three different methods.
In the first place, when the gangways in certain parts of a mine
have been driven to the boundary line, and the breasts have all been
worked 1«) their Mmit, if robbing is to be done at all, it is usually
commenced as soon as the solid coal has been exhausted, and while
the roads are still intact.
The work is commenced on the inside pillar at the face of the fur-
thermost breast. Sometimes two or even three of the innermost
blocks or sections of pillars are removed simultaneously, but not,
however, before the breasts on either side of the pillar to be removed
have been carefully and securely propped or timbered.
Breasts, as a rule, are driven from three to seven hundred feet in
length and sometimes longer than this, with cross-cuts from one to
the other through the pillar every fifty or sixty feet. The width of
ilie breasts varies from seven to ten yards according to the nature
and condition of the roof and thickness of vein, and the pillars run
from five to eight yards as a general thing.
After the removal of the upper "stumps" or sections has been ac-
complished, holes are then bored with an auger in the props "stood"
to ensure safety before the "robbing" began, and giant powder or
other explosive is placed in the holes and blasted by an electric bat-
tery or other eflScient means. This operation brings on a fall of roof,
which usually breaks off close to the pillar next to be removed, and
thus taking off the "squeeze" from the surrounding pillars; when
robbing is again commenced and the same process repeated and con-
tinued until the gangway is reached.
If the vein is thick, and the top coal has been left up on the gang-
way when being driven, it is now taken down and loaded and this
part of the mine is abandoned.
Secondly, where the roof is very bad and it is not desired to bring
on a fall or cave-in to the surface, and if the cross-cuts have been
driven regularly every sixty feet, and only a portion of the coal is to
be taken from the pillars, it is the rule in such cases to take a block
of twenty feet from the centre, leaving on each side a "stump" of
twenty feet. In mines where ^he pillars are large and uniform, and
where it is not practicable to tnke them all out, a "skip" of two or
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 9
three yards is very frequently taken off from the gangway road to
the face of the breasts, leaving from five to six yards of solid pillar,
the entire length of the breasts to support the overlying roof and
thus avoid bringing on a general "squeeze," which would in all prob-
ability let in large quantities of water from the strata as well as from
the surface which would again have to be pumped out, and thus en-
tail expense and much inconvenience.
AVhere robbing is commenced in drifts which have been driven in
under the mountains, they are known as water-level workings, from
which the water flows out as freely as it flows in, and over which
there are no valuable properties, it is done with the intention of mak-
ing as clean a sweep of the coal as is consistent with safety. With
this object in view the work is commenced at the furthermost end of
the "v^orkings The first thing done, as said before, is to stand a
goodly number of props to secure the surrounding roof, and also to
serve as indicators of approaching danger from falls.
The roof in shallow mines in the vicinity where pillows are being
taken out is supported entirely by these props until such time as two
or more "stumps" or blocks of pillars have been removed. This done,
a cave-in is now brought on by blasting out the props and the former
operations renewed and thus continued until all available coal has
been removed.
As previously stated, the number of accidents that occur while
robbing pillars in veins, such as I have mentioned, are fewer in pro-
portion to the number of tons mined than by the ordinary, every day
methods of mining coal. About half a million tons of coal were ob
tained from pillars in this district during the year 1894, and not one
person was killed by a fall of rock while thus employed.
However, on the 27th of September, four men at the old slope of
the North West Coal Company miraculously escaped from being in
stantly crushed to death by an extensive fall of roof which occurred
while they were engaged in taking out a pillar. The miners were
the most experienced in the mine, and for this reason were employed
at this particular work.
,'Vbout noon on this day John Wilce. the man who had charge of
this work, called his principal miner's attention to the condition of
a crack or water seam that was running up perpendicularly through
the rock roof. Wilce thought the seam had opened somewhat dur-
ing the day. but J. J. Fanning, the miner whom he consulted, and
who is a very careful, intellicrcnt and practical man. said he did not
think there was any change in its condition, and went about his work,
paying no further attention to it.
He and another miner named W. "R. Mitchell, along with their two
laborers were busily engaged lojuling a car which was to have beoT>
' I
10 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Do:-.
their last from this pillar,wheii thej heard the roof "working" at a
point about sixty feet outside of where they were employed.
At the same moment, so they say, it began to fall in large flakes.
Realizing their awful situation and knowing it would mean instant
death to them to try to escape by running out the gangway. Thej'
instantly made their way through a cross-cut leading into a chamber,
the pillars of which were intact.
ne^o, close against the face of this chamber, they were compelled to
stay and in dreadful suspense listen to the thunderous sounds of the
fjilling masses of rock, expecting every moment to be their last as the
fall came nearer and nearer to Ihem.
At last, when within ten foot of where they were closely huddled
together, the falling ceased, and with it the fear of instant death
that had been for half an hour or more staring them in the face.
This was about three o'clock, Thursday, September 27. Soon after
willing and eager hands were hard at work to recover, as all sup-
posed, the dead bodies of the unfortunate men.
It was thought by all that they had been caught and instantly
ci'ushed to death near the car which they were loading. But this
fear was happily dispelled when, about 11 o'clock on Friday, the
men at work heard a faint lap; but failing after many successive
efforts to get a second sound from them, many again feared that they
were surely dead.
However, during Friday and Friday night the work of rescue was
carried bravely on with all possible dispatch, and by Saturday morn-
ing a narrow passage seventy feet in length had been made through
the fallen rock, going as it suifed them best, sometimes on top of the
ffill, then again between large flakes of rock, and oftentimes burrow-
ing their way through where the most speed could be made with the
least labor.
The car which the men were known to have been loading when the
fall occurred was reached about S o'clock Saturday morning, but no
trace of the men was to be seen here.
Tt was not long after this that on(> of the workmen again rapped on
the rock and received a response from one of the entombed men.
The rescuers, now assured that at least one of them was alive, re-
df.ublod their efl'orts. About three o'clock in the afternoon sufficient
headway liad been made so that a conversation could bo held with
tlie prisoners, and it was now learned that all four were alive and
unininred.
This was ioyful news and iho\" rescue was an assured fact and but
a. matter of a few hours when they would be rescued from their un-
comfortable situation nlivo nuil safe.
The work of rescue from now on was pushed with incroased force.
No. 11. FIBST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 11
No unnecessary risks, however, were taken, yet the work was urged
with all possible speed, with (he utmost care, precaution, system and
safety to all who were engaged in the dangerous task.
About 9.45 P. M. the entombed men were reached and safely res-
cued, after having been shut off from the world for fifty-five hours.
A physician was at hand and after they had been given some light
food and stimulants according to his directions they were conveyed
to their homes and families, and in a few days were all at work
again after a most thrilling and awful experience. A close and care-
ful examination of the surroundings revealed the immediate cause
of so sudden and extensive a ff-.ll. At a point sixty or seventy feet
outside of where the men had been working during the day, the
water seam running up into the roof had been noticed and watched
for several days for any indications of opening. Another seam of a
similar nature was brought to view during the day by blasting the
coal from the pillar. This also ran up into the roof nnd parallel with
the first discovered, thus leaving a mass of roof seventy feet widf^
and about one hundred feet long with a loose end on the lower side,
supported by props and several "stumps" of pillars which would
have been sufficient support had it not in one solid body moved down
toward the end that was broken off and thus dislodged the props and
crushed the pillars which had been left as supports for it.
Water cracks are frequently met with in the roof of the shallow
mines of this locality, and when ii becomes necessary to remove the
jiillars in such places, it is done with all care and precaution, so as
to guard against any possible danger. Sometimes, however, long im-
munity from injury in this kind of work, as in any other, leads men
1c over confidence, and to taking unnecessary risks, causing them to
have frequent narrow escapes, and finally resulting in their death.
Lackawanna Mine Fire.
About half past ten o'clock on the night of December 28, a fire
which for a time seriously threatened the lives of fourteen men, was
discovered in the Lackawanna Coal Company's shaft by David Myles,
a miner, who was on his way into the mine, being on the eleven
o'clock shift. He got as far as the main door near the foot of the
hoisting shaft, and on opening.' it discovered dense volumes of smoke
coming out of the main gangway.
He hastened with all possible speed to the surface and gave the
alarm. Soon after Outside Foreman William Harper and mine fore-
man Jolin "Rerkheiser, together with a large force of workmen were
12 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Ofl. Doc.
on the scene. They first went down the main shaft to ascertain, if
possible, where the fire was, but failed to go any further in the gang-
way than to the main door.
They then returned to the suiface and hurried to the air shaft,
about 2,700 feet distant in a northeasterly direction. Here they
found the ladders covered witlv ice. This was removed as rapidly as
possible, and the way was clear to descend into the mine. The
foreman and his assistants carefully descended into the shaft and
soon learned that the slope engine house, located about two hundred
feet from the foot of the air shaft was a seething mass of flames, and
jhe smoke backing up through a cross-cut into the main intake was
carried by the air doM'n into the workings where the men were known
to be.
The Inspector, who had been sent for in an hour after the fire was
discovered, now arrived at the mine and at once descended to the
scene of the fire.
After a hasty consultation v>ith Foreman Berkheiser and David C.
Evans, his assistant, it was decided that there was but one thing to
be done to save the lives of the men. and that was, to prevent as
quickly as possible, with what means we had at hand, the smoko
from going into where they wore. To accomplish this end. all efforts
were now directed. In the first place it was necessary to construct
a brattice across the main inlet below the hole through which the
smoke was issuing in a great volume, notwithstanding that the fam
)iad been speeded up to its extreme limit, with very good results.
The object of the brattice was to divert the course of the air from
the main inlet to the cross-cut from where the smoke was coming,
and thus force it to the main road, and thence to the up-cast. While
material was being obtained for the brattice an effort was made to
close the cross-cut wilh rock, but this was ineffective, as the smoke
forced its way through it.
Tn a short time, however, the brattice cloth was on hand and verv
y)romptly placed in position with good results, as the volume of
smoke forcing its way back wa«! greatly reduced.
It was now three o'clock in the morning and as yet no water of
my account had been obtained.
The Excelsior Hose Company of Olyphant was sent for as soon
.IS the fire wns discovered and responded with commendnble prompt-
ness, but found when they arrived that they could do nothinir. ns the
hvdrant within two hundred feet of the air shaft was frozen nnd
useless, and the nearest one to it wns one thousnnd feet awav with
onlv 800 feet of hose at hand. Word was now sent to the man
'm charire of the Peckville Ho«jo romnnnv's hose, and the terrible sit-
untinn of tho men in the mine described to him. Yet. for some rea-
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 13
soa he sternly refused to give up the hose to aid in fighting the tire
in an effort to save fourteen precious lives.
On his refusal to listen to an appeal for the hose, word was hastily
sent to the Eagle Hose Company, of Priceburgh, Pa., but in the
meantime the boiler tires at the air shaft were damped, and a two-
iueh hose connected to the boiler injector, and soon a small but val-
uable stream of water was being thrown on the fire. Half an hour
later the Priceburgh hose arrived and was promptly put to good
service by the firemen, who worked bravely in an atmosphere six de-
g4ees below zero.
The smoke was soon prevented from going to the men, and in
about an hour afterward the men who were thought to have been
suffocated many hours before, came walking out to meet those in
search of them, who eagerly grasped their hands and rejoiced to
see them, who, as it were, came through the very jaws of death
uninjured and apparently none the worse for their most thrilling
experience of seven hours.
The origin of the fire has not been definitely ascertained, but it is
generally supposed to have started from the mine lamp of Frank Mc-
(.'cibe, one of the engineers, who had occasion to go into the engine
house to seek some bolts to repair a pump, and in looking around
for these a spark must have fallen from his lamp into some cotton
waste, or else by looking on a lower shelf of a closet in which such
things were kept he set fire io the upper one. Not finding what he
was looking for, he immediately left for the shaft on the outside of
the mine, and on returning to the scene of his operations he detected
strong odors of smoke coming out of the gangway, and a few minutes
later discovered the engine house in which he had been half an hour
previous a roaring mass of flames. Now occurred an act of bravery
and heroism not surpassed even on the battlefields, but which cannot
be fully comprehended nor appreciated by any save those conversant
with the scene and circumstances.
McCabe, who when he first discovered the fire could have made his
escape, but instead, chose to sacrifice this opportunity, and with
out a moment's hesitation aQ<^ after informing Frank Bennie, the
other engineer, of the fire, they both hastened to the remote parts of
the mine to warn their fellow men of the great danger which threat-
ened them, and took their chances with them of ever coming out of
the mine alive.
To this brave and noble act, the cool headedness and intelligence
of Patrick Brenntin, Charles Williams and William Evans, is due the
^;;iving of their own lives and the lives of nine others who were in
the mines with them. This shows the importance of having intelli-
gent men in mines at all times. The story of their awful experience
14 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc
as told by themselves is as follows: "As soon as we learned of the
fire we dropped our tools aai our first thought was of escaping
through the air shaft, and to w^- ids this we wended our way. The
kinoke was quite thick and n ade some of us sick. The nearer we
came to the shaft the denser the smoke became and we soon learned
that we could not make our way out in that direction. We now held
a consultation and decided to make our way back to the furthermost
Ijarts of the mine, and to leave all doors open behind us, knowing as
we did that there was no danger of any accumulation of gas, and
that the air in these remote parts would remain pure for several
hours at least. The doors being left open, the smoke laden air would
return by the shortest route to the up-cast and we would in this way
escape it.
We were not here long, however, before one of the party who went
out the gangway to explore, returned with the news that the smoke
was gradually settling towards us, but that it was not as thick as it
had been. We now concluded that something had to be done at once
to prevent the smoke from coming to us.
So we began to build a wall across the heading with the material we
had convenient. AVe soon had this in place and felt that we were
comparatively safe for some hours at least, and living in hopes that
we would yet be rescued.
For several hours we remained behind this barricade in dreadful
suspense, thinking of home and dear ones, and suffering intensely
from cold, as the most of us had escaped, leaving our heavier gar-
ments behind.
About half-past four 'clock in the morning we ventured out along
the gangway and found to oui- great joy that the smoke had disap
peared. We continued on our course and soon found ourselves re-
joicing with those who had worked all night to rescue us." It surely
was a very happy ending of what at one time threatened to be one of
the saddest accidents in this locality.
The men having been rescued, all efforts were then directed to ex-
tinguishing the fire. More hose was obtained and soon after the
men were able to get down on the main gangway, inside of where the
fire was raging, and in a very short time had it under control, and it
was entirely extinguished by eight o'clock Sunday morning, Decem-
ber 30. During the entire time spent in fighting the fire, no one was
]>ermitted to take any unnecessary risks, but on the other Imnd,
every precaution was constantly exercised to prevent accidents by
fire and falls of rock, which so frequently occur when the roof in the
vicinity of a fire is cooling off and contracting.
Mine Foreman's Examination.
The Board of Examiners of applicants for mine foremen's certifi-
cates of qualification, consisting of A. P. Patten, Superintendent
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 15
Vaughan Richards and James E. Morrison, miners, together with the
District Inspector, held its examination at Carbondale, I'a., on the
tenth and eleventh of July.
Those who were recommended to receive mine foremen's certili
cates were the following:
W. U. Noyles, Nanticoke.
David C. Evans, Olyphant.
Andrew Kennedy, Olyphant.
John T. Lynch, Carbondale.
Peter Pinkney, Dunmore.
W. H. Jenkins, Scranton.
L. M. Evans, Scranton.
David M. Jones, Peckville.
M, M. Hughes, Plymouth.
John J. Walsh, Maytield.
J. A. Kearney, Archbald.
S. J. Jennings, Forest City.
Those who received assistant mine foremen certificates were:
James B. Williams, Olyphant.
Thos. P. Lally, May field.
George Barron, Scranton.
W. J. Williams, Priceburgh.
Luther Edwards, Scranton.
Christopher Campbell, Scranton.
AbsdloK! 0. Jones, Scranton.
William Hodgson, Scranton.
Thos. G. Edwards, Scranton.
William G. Kichards, Scranton.
Andrew Nicholas, Scranton.
Morgan Morgan, Scranton.
Joseph T. Moore, Priceburgh.
James Clark, Carbondale.
D. J. Richards, Peckville.
W. H. Chapman, Peckville.
Reuben Morgan, Dickson City.
Gomer Parry, Dickson City.
Alonzo D. Richards, Winton.
eJohn S. Evans, Throop.
Description of Fatal Accidents.
Accidents by Cars.
At the Lackawanna Coal Company's shaft on the third of January,
a Polish laborer, 32 years of age, named John Mankoska, was struck
IG REPORT.^ OF THE INSrECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
by a trip of loaded cars while walking on a gravity plane and in-
stantly killed, it was iiis tirst day in this mine and from the
evidence of John Berkheiser, the mine foreman, it was learned that
he had quit work between three and four o'clock and started on his
way home. A plane 1,200 feet long has to be traveled before reach
ing the shaft level gangway on which a trip of five cars was hoisted
every half hour. No person was permitted to travel this way while
cars were in motion, special orders to this effect having been issued
bj the foreman and the writer to the headman four months previous
to this accident.
At the head of this plane there is a safety hole made in the rib iu
which the headman kept his oil and he had been in there putting
some oil into a small can from a larger one just a few minutes pre-
vious to hearing of the accident. Mankoska being a stranger in the
mine, and therefore not accustomed to its rules, must have passed
during the headman's short absence and walked down the plane
about 800 feet, and hearing the noise of cars stepped to one side to
let them pass. It would seem from the foot prints made in the culm
uu one side of the plane that after the empty trip had passed up he
walked to the centre of the down track before the loaded trip had
passed and was struck, knocked down and dragged about 200 feet
before his body was discovered by the footman in a horribly man
gled condition. Patrick Cowley, the headman, stated that he had
not been ten feet away from the head of the plane during the day.
He had neither seen the man go down nor did he know anything of
his being on the plane until he Avas informed by the footman that a
man had been killed thereon.
Enoch Thomas, the footman, stated that from the place where he
gijres the signal to hoist he can see a light at a distance of 500 or
r>00 feet up the plane, but that he saw no light before nor after giving
the rap to hoist, and knew nothing of any one's being on the plane
until he heard a shout from the man as he was struck.
Car Accident.
Michael Yeudets and Joseph Wavra, two company laborers em
l)loyed loading culm at the Forest City breaker, were fatally in
jured by a runaway car on a culm plane on the 10th day of January.
The accident was caused by the breaking of a hook, as a car filled
'\ ith ashes was nearing the head. The former died from his iujurie*
in about four hours; the latter lived until the seventeenth of the
month.
In my examination made on the following day I learned from the
footman that the two men bad been repeatedly told to keep away
!'i(»i!i tlie t(H)t of This plane when a car was ascending or descending
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 17
upon it. Instead of doing as they had been told, they began to load
a culm car directly at the foot of the plane while a loaded car was
being hoisted thereon.
When the car had reached within a few feet of the top,the hook broke
and the car dashed to the bottom and struck the two unfortunate
nsen before they could get out of the way.
John F. Gallagher, the outside foreman, stated that he had many
limes given orders to all who worked under the breaker to keep away
from the foot when cars were being hoisted on this plane.
J. D. Caryl, the outside sup«n'intendent, also stated that the above
was a well known standing order, which was frequently repeated by
himself as he passed under the breaker. Had these men not violated
an established rule adopted to insure their safety they in all prob-
nbility would have been uninjured by the breaking of the hook.
David Koese. a Welsh driver, 19 years of age, was fatally injured
at Storr's No. 2 on the first day of May by falling under a trip of two
cars.
1 made an investigation on the following day, and learned from
Thomas Williams, an old man whose duty it was to tend a door
nearby where the accident occurred, that young Reese a few seconds
before he was hurt was standing on the right side of the track where
there is five feet of space between the track and the rib.
He had stopped his trip here for a short time to wait for orders tr>
"pull out." Having received word to start, he shouted at the mule,
who, instead of starting began to balk and turned around and got
between the first car and the rib. Reese shouted to Amos Hamfield.
the runner, who was standing at the rear end of the trip, to drive the
mule back. He did so. then sal on the bumper of the rear car.
The mule started and the boy attempted to step across the
stretcher to the left side, and must have stumbled and fallen under
the cars or between them and the rib on the left, which was very
close at this point.
He was taken from under the car as quickly as possible by Wil
Hams and Hamfield and in a short time placed in a car. where he
died on the way to the foot of the shaft.
At Storrs No. B shaft, on the eleventh day of June, an Irish Com
pany laborer ?,() years of age. n.imed Michael J. Walsh, was instantly
killed by falling under a loaded car.
In my investigation made on ihe following day it was found that
his work was that of timber man, but for three or four days had
filled the place of a runner who was ill.
At the time he was killed he was engaged in running a car out of
a chamber. John Smith, the laborer -whose car he was running, and
A'ho was present when the accident occurred, stated that Walsh had
2-11-94
18 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Dec.
put in one sjirag, then took hold of the latch on the car door to pull,
while Smith was pushing at the rear of the car to keep it from "stick-
ing," as the grade was hardlv heavy enough to carry one sprag at
this point. When the car advanced to a heavier grade Walsh at-
tempted to get ahead of it to put on a "front wheeler" when it
reached a certain point.
It was evident from the position in which he was found that when
he made an effort to pass ahead of the car that he stepped on the
rail, fell and was caught and instantly killed.
William Lewis, a driver, who was sitting about thirty feet from
where Walsh was killed, said that the runner had put in a "hind
wheeler," but fearing the car would "stick," took hold of the latch
and began pulling until the car struck the iron road, when he tried to
get ahead of it, but stumbled and fell under the car.
On the twenty-third of June, Joseph Brillka, a Slavish locomotive
fireman, 19 years of age, was fatally injured near the Blue Ridge
breaker by falling under a trip of loaded cars. From the evidence
of John Kearney, the locomotive engineer, I learned that the fireman
was in the habit of coupling cars on a "fly," or while they were in
motion. The trip of cars being drawn from the shaft became un-
coupled near the breaker and Brillka got on (he front bum]>er of the
head car of the section yet coupled to the engine. He stood on this
and when the sections came together he put one foot on the bumper
of each car, stooped to pick up the coupling, and while in this act
fell under the cars and was fatally injured, dying the same day.
He, it seems, had been repeatedly warned not to do this, but hav-
ing escaped injury many times before, thought he could still further
continue this dangerous practice, but this time failed.
Bartly Ambersavage, a young Polish driver, Avas fatally injured at
the Pancoast shaft on the twenty-seventh of September. The boy
was coming out of the gangway to the foot of the slope with a trip
of loaded cars, and according to his own statement, his light went
nut and in some way he slipped and fell on the rail. The cars passed
over his leg near the hip, nearly severing it from his body. He was
otherwise severely injured intei'nally and died in a few hours.
At the Lackawanna shaft on the thirtieth day or October a Hun
garian laborer 24 years of age, whose name was Michael Oniffrey,
M'as instautlv killed by being squeezed between a car and the rib.
T visited the scene and made an investigation of the particulars.
The cause of this accident was not difficult to discover. The cham-
ber from which the ear was being run was very steep, necessitating
the sandinir of both rails to within a foot of the wheels of the car.
This had been done and when the runner came up for the car. the
laborer went to flic side of it to pull tlie blocks from under the
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 19
wheels. As soon as they had been removed the car started, but one
rail having been sanded a few inches further up than the other
caused the rear end of the car to tip and leave the track. In jump-
ing the track it was thrown against the rib, jvhere it caught the la-
borer and squeezed him to death in an instant.
It was plainly evident that it was the grit of the dry sand on the
rail that caused this car to leave the track, and the fact that one rail
had been sanded further up Ihan the other caused it to slew to one
side, for had both rails been sanded evenly, the car would then sim-
ply tip up and fall back again on the track. This was purely an un-
forseen accident.
Accidents by Falls of Rock.
A visit was made to the Lackawanna shaft on the eighth of Feb-
ruary to investigate the accident that occurred there on the seventh
whereby a German laborer twenty-two years of age, named Joseph
Trunel, was instantly killed by a fall of rock.
Joseph McHugh was turning a breast from the gangway. He had
placed a set of timber across the gangway at this point to support
the roof, also a prop had been placed in the breast not far from the
gangway track. INIcHugh fired a shot and knocked out this prop,
and without first ascertaining the condition of the rock, which lately
had been supported by the prop, he began to make preparations to
stand another. Just as he stepped away to get his drill, a piece of
rock in the shape of a large "bell" fell, struck Trunel on the head,
breaking his neck.
There is no doubt but that this accident could have been avoided
had McHugh carefully examined the rock before getting ready to
si and a prop. As it is, another young life has been brought to an
early end by the lack of proper appreciation of danger on the part
of the miner in charge.
On the twentieth of March John Walkroski, a Polish miner, 35
years of age, was instantly killed by a fall of rock at Forest City
slope.
On my arrival on the scene T learned from the miner working the
next breast that Walkroski fired a shot about five minutes before
his death. The coal from this shot knocked out two props from
under a loose piece of rock. Soon after, he began clearing away the
('(*al from where these props had been, without first making an ex-
amination of the roof, and while at this work the rock (which was
something similar in shape to a bell) fell on his head causing his in-
stant death.
The rock was ten feet lonu and eight feet wide, running from a
feathered edge to about two feel thick at the centre.
20 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off Hoc.
At the Glenwood shaft, on the sixth day of June, John Murko, a
Polish laborer aged thirty-four years, was fatally injured by a fall of
slanty rock, d^'ing from his injuries later in the day.
I made a careful investigation and found that deceased had been
employed in a chamber worked by two miners named Larky Durkiu
and Joe Griffith. From the evidence of these two men it would ap-
pear that a shot had been fired a few minutes before the fall took
j)lace.
By this shot a prop which had been supporting the rock at th€ in-
side edge had been displaced, but whether or not any other props ha<l
been removed by the shot is not known, but four were seen lying on
the ground after the fall occurred.
An examination of the roof had been made by one of the miners
after this shot had been fired, and it was said to have been safe.
Shortly after this, and while the miner was yet in the face, the driver
who was standing nearby waiting to pull up a car, hooked his mule
to the pulley chain and pulled the car to the face, the laborer in the
meantime blocking it, and while at this work he was caught under
the edge of a mass of a rock measuring twenty-two feet in length
and six feet in width, tapering to a thin edge on all sides from a
tliickness of two feet and and a half at the centre.
The roof in this locality was very bad, necessitating much prop-
l>ing and careful watching, which was being done at all places, and
in this chamber many props had been placed to support the roof;
three were under this slab and to all appearances it w^as very safely
secured.
But while it is not known whether more than one of the above
props had been removed, it is my opinion that if some of them had
not bec!] entirely displaced they must have been loosened by the
fiying coal from the recently fired shot, thus giving the rock a start
to fall.
One of the miners was in the act of putting up a prop when tlie
fjill occurred and came very nearly being caught also. As far as I
could see, no blame could be attached to any one for this accident,
and it can only be said to be one of these unfortunate occurrences
that take place when no one suspects any danger.
George Deacle, an English rockman, aged 21 years, was fatally in-
jured at the Marvin(! shaft on Ihe nineteenth of June, dying in a
short time after.
T made a careful investigation of this afTair on the following day
and learned that deceased had been employed as chargeman over a
gang of workmen who were engaged loading rock at the foot of the
shaft.
A slab of rock which measured 11 feet long. 18 inches wide at one
end. and .'*. 1-2 feet at the other, about 5 inches I hick at the centre,
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 21
tapering to a thin edge on all sides, had been loose for sometime.
Uis attention had been called to it by the chargemau of the previous
shift and hence he was well aware of its dangerous condition. It
was also asserted that he had been told to stand a prop under it, but
h« neglected to do so, and continued to work under it until it fell on
bini. However, there was conllictiug evidence concerning the cause
of the accident, and it was decided to institute further inquiries into
ihe case. The coroner was notified and held an inquest at the In-
spector's office on the twenty seventh of June. Twenty-seven wit-
nesses were examined, and from the evidence the jury rendered the
following verdict:
We, the undersigned, find that the death of George Deacle was
caused by a fall of rock in the Marvine shaft and was due to his own
neglect in disobeying orders he received to stand a prop in the dan-
gerous place.
We do also find that the contractor, Henry Miller, was in no way
to blame for the fatal accident.
T. I. DUFFY,
MARTIN McCORMICK,
F. E. HODGSON,
F. W. EDWARDS,
W ILLIAM H. SMITH,
WILLIAM MURTON,
Jury.
I'eter Belena, a Polish miner, aged 28, was fatally injured at the
Ontario on the twenty-ninth day of June by a fall of roof. I visited
the scene of accident, and made diligent inquiry as to its cause, and
learned from one George Smith that Belena was firing a shot and
that he and his laborer had, as they supposed, retired to a place of
safety, along with Geo. Smith and his laborer, to await the explosion
of the blast.
The first squib missed fire; Belena then went back to the hole and
I)ut in another. He then went back to his place of safety to await
results.
The four men were standing in a recently abandoned chamber,
near to the gangway road when the shot went off, the concussion of
which shook a large piece of fire clay roof down on them.
Three of them escaped as by a miracle, while one was caught under
the main portion of the mass, which was triangular in shape, measur-
ing five feet at the base and six feet on the other two sides. It was
twenty inches thick. This may be called purely an accident. Yet
men should at all times look and examine the roof to make sure of
its condition when they have cause to go under it.
An accident occurred at Storrs No. 2 on the eleventh day of July
whereby a "Welsh miner 41 years of age, named David Morgan, lost
22 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Orf. Doc.
ills life bj a fall of rock, i learned from those vvliu reached the
scene shortly after it had taken place, that the deceased had discov-
ered this loose piece of rock, and was in the act of getting out from
under it, but slipped on the bottom slate and fell on his back the mo-
ment the slab fell, ihe edge of which struck him on the top of the
head nearly severing it in two.
It measured live feet in length, was three feet and a half wide, and
iour inches thick. The roof in this place was very "shelly" and a
great umny props had been placed under it to insure its safety.
As yet no prop could have been placed under the piece that fell,
as it was too close to the face. It could, however, very readily have
been taken down if discovered in time. The miner had very recently
tired a shot, but his laborer did uot know whether or not he had ex-
unined the roof afterward.
On the second day of October Thomas Wooley, an English miner,
47 years of age, was fatally injured by a fall of rock at tStorrs No. I
mine. An investigation made on the following day revealed that
Wooley was in the act of standuig a prop to secure this piece when
it fell upon him.
This man's attention had previously been called to the slab, but
he had neglected to put a prop under it. The roof in this part of the
mine is of a slaty and slippy nature, requiring careful watching and
good propping.
This chamber was very well timbered from where he got killed to
the branch, and there was some half dozen props lying in the cham
ber when the fall occurred, and there was no reason why a prop
should not have been placed under this slab when his attention was
first called to it.
And I can only remark that tbis is another fatality added to the
many that occur through oversights on the part of the miner. The
slab which ended this man's life measured five and one-half feet by
seven feet, and was from three to eight inches thick.
The roof was only seven feet from the rail, making a safe height
to work in, and if proper care were exercised and frequent examina-
tions made of the roof, accidents of this nature would very soon be
reduced.
At Forest City slope, on the ninth of October, an accident occurred
whereby a Polish laborer 33 years of age named Michael Macoviski
was instantly crushed to death by a fall of roof at the face of a
chamber. On the tenth I investigated the cause of this occurrence
and learned that the chamber was very well propped to within ten
or eleven feet of the face. The roof was very "slippy," and constant
vigilance seems the only way to prevent accidents in such places.
The laborer stood within a few feet of the face of the chamber, and
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 23
was in the act of loading a car when a slab of rock five by seven feet
six inches thick fell and caused the poor fellow's death.
The slab could not very well have been propped as it was too close
to the face, but could very readily have been taken down had it been
disco\ered in time, but it escaped detection, only to fall with fatal
results a few hours later.
1 think if this miner had been in the habit of making a careful ex-
amination of the roof after each blast in all probabilty he would have
noticed this loose slab and would have prevented this sad occur-
rence.
John Manton, an English miner, 3G years of age, met instant death
at the Marvine shaft on October 30 by a fall of rock. On the folloAV-
ing day I went to the scene of this sad occurrence and soon discov-
ered that it was a purely unf(nseen accident.
Manton was known as a very careful and competent miner. He
had discovered that the roof in his place was somewhat "drummy"
by carefully sounding it, and had taken the precaution against the
danger by placing two props within six feet of each other under the
part which appeared to be bad.
He, however, had been deceived, as it was discovered later on that
be had put the props, one on the inside the other on the outside of
ihe treacherous bell-shaped rock, which fell on him while sitting
between the props, waiting for the smoke of a recently fire shot to
clear away. The rock which caused his death was less than six feet
(me way and seven the other, resembling the roots of a huge tree with
a short piece of the trunk actacked thereto.
This was one of those unavoidable accidents that are so frequently
caused by the treacherous formations which exist in the roof of so
many of the niine§ in this locality.
Michael Gownley, an American driver, 15 years of age, was in-
stantly killed by a fall of rock at the Jones, Simpson & Co.'s shaft on
the thirtieth day of October,
The particulars in this case, as found upon investigation, are as
follows: Young Gownley had received a powder keg from one of
the nearby miners and had gone into the face of a gangway for the
purpose of hiding it from the other boys. M. J. Dean, a good, prac-
tical miner, along with some other men, were taking down some top
coal at a point about seventy feet from the face of the gangway.
Two of these men were here loading a car and when young Gownley
came back he stood a few feet away talking to them about the keg
which he had just hidden, when, without the least warning whatever,
a piece of rock fell from the roof and crushed his young life out in
an instant.
M. J. Dean, the miner who had charge of this work, stated that he
]iad carefully examined the roof just a few minutes before the fatal
24 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
fall occurred and was satisfied it was perfectly safe. This roof is a
sandstone mixture and usually is very safe, but here it was wet and
very '"seamy," and, as was afterwards discovered, the piece that
fell was entirely cut off or dt tached from the roof proper by a water
t;rack or mud seam, and after the coal had been removed from under
it the water gradually worked it loose until it fell, with this sad re-
sult.
Andrew Botscavish, a Polish miner 28 years of age, was instantly
killed at the Clifford on the seventh of December. Investigation
showed that deceased, a few minutes before the accident, had fired a
shot in the coal which failed to do its work.
Botscavish was in the act of ''working out" this shot when a slab
of rock from the roof gave way and crushed him to the ground.
The vein is only three feet thick and the unfortunate stood with
his back against the rock when it fell.
He was not cut or bruised in any way, but was literally squeezed
to death by the weight of a rock about seven feet long, four feet widt
Hnd fifteen inches thick at the centre, tapering to a feather edge on
1)11 sides.
The man had sounded it and said it was safe, but either from a lack
of proper knowledge of the nature of such roof, or for the want of
viive, this man lost his life in a very simple manner.
William Lewis, a Welsh miner 59 years of age, instantly lost his
life on the seventh of November at the Powderly slope. It seems
iliat both miner and laborer were aware of the dangerous condition
of the roof, and with the intention of shaking it down had put a
strong hole in the c<ml pitching towards the roof. This, however,
only had the effect of loosening the coal which the laborer afterward
iried to remove by barring.
While the laborer was thus engaged, the miner was standing on
one side watching the roof for any signs of moving, when, without
the slightest warning, it fell and a part of about four feet square
struck the poor old man and at once caused his death. It might be
siiid that with a little more precaution on the part of this miner the
accident might have been prevented, but it is my opinion that he mis
judged the condition of the roof where he was standing, and the
piece which killed him fell very unexpectedly, and caught him while
watching for another's safety.
At any rate, it was a very sad accident to an old and experienced
miner.
The Mt. Jessup slope was the scene of an accident on the four-
leenth of Xovomber wliich resulted in the death of a Polish laborer
aged 20 years named Joseph Peartross. On visiting the scene I
lenrmd tliat the miner had inst begun to drive a cross-cut. \ shot
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 25
had just been fired here, and after waiting for a few minutes for the
smoke to clear away, the laborer started for the face, followed by
the nriner, and when within a few feet of the face, a piece of rock
measuring four and one-half feet by thirteen and from eight to tec
inches thick fell, struck the laborer and instantly killed him; the
miner narrowly escaped the same fate. Props had been placed in a
row across the chamber within six feet of the face of bottom coal,
and to within four feet of the edge of the slab of rock which fell.
The 'miner had discovered the opening, but never for a moment
thought that the rock would bi-eak off so short. In my opinion this is
another of those sad accidents which take place where least looked
lor, and oftentimes to the most experienced miners.
At the Blue Ridgo, on November thirtieth, Michael Bartasoviski, a
Slavish miner 28 years of age. was fatally injured by a fall of roof at
the face of his chamber.
On inquiry as to how this accident occurred I learned that a shot
had just been fired, by which two props had been knocked out from
under a large slab of fire-clay.
Bartasoviski was on his way back to the chamber, and was picking
up the coal which had been thrown back on the road by the shot and
had reached within a few feet of the face without paying any atten
lion to the condition of the roof.
His laborer shouted to him that the roof was "cracking," to whom
he replied by saying. "1 guess roof all right." No sooner had this
remark been made than the large slab of fire clay which had been
supported by the props recently displaced fell, injuring him so se-
verely that he died in the ambulance on his way to the hospital.
James Morrison, an Irish miner 52 years of age, was fatally in
jured by a fall of rock at the Forest City shaft on October first.
On the following day I went to the scene of accident and after dili
gent inquiry learned that the foreman and his assistant had given
this man orders to put up a set of timber to secure the roof over hi.s
chamber road.
Before putting up the set he placed a prop under this loose piece
of rock to insure his own safety while preparing a place for the tim-
ber. When he had placed the two legs in position and was about to
put up the collar he discovered that the prop which he had recently
i'laced under this rock was in the way of the collar, and had to be
lemoved before the collar could be put upon the legs.
Learning this, he asked his laborer to hand him a hammer with
which he knocked out the prop, but had no sooner done so than the
r< ck which it had been supporting fell, with fatal results.
Accidents by Falls of Coal.
On January first an Irish miner 40 years of age, named John Mul-
herin, was Instantly killed at Richmond No. 3 bv a small fall of coal
26 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
and rock. I went to the scene on the followmg day and after taking
the testimony of the foreman, who had been in this man's chamber
but a short time previous to the accident, and after carefully exam-
ining the place, 1 concluded that he had lost his life by his own reck-
lessness.
After firing a shot in the top coal and trimming down all that
came with little ehort, he began to pry down a dangerous looking
piece which was a mixture of coal and rock. Failing to accomplish
this promptly with pick and drill, he left it standing for the time
being and went to work under it.
He fastened his drilling machine in the bottom coal directly under
this piece and while stooping to pick up a drilling bit this overhang-
inging piece of top coal and rock fell, striking him on the back of his
head breaking his neck.
Dominio Collosie, an Italian laborer 25 years of age, was instantly
killed at Edgerton drift by a fall of coal on February second.
I went to the scene and learned that the chamber in which he was
killed was being worked by another Italian named Anthoney Tale-
rack, who stated to me that he had examined the coal which fell
some two hours before the fall occurred and said it was safe.
The coal at this place, being within twenty feet of the surface, is
very brittle, with water cracks running all through it, making it very
treacherous. The bench of coal which fell was only eight inches
thick, a slab of which fell measuring 8x6 feet. The edge of this
struck Collosie on the back of the head while in a stooping position
and broke his neck.
The Blue Ridge Coal Company's shaft was the scene of an accident
on March twenty-second which caused the death of a young miner
named Arthur Cochran. I went to the chamber where deceased had
been employed and carefully examined the roof and top coal.
I found that there were "slips" in the roof running down through
the top and bottom coal which had been visible for more than fifteen
feet.
On the right side of the chamber no slips were to be seen and here
a prop had been pla(;ed to support the top coal, the intention being
10 keep it up for a roof, as it was thought to be stronger and safer to
work under than the fire clay above it. The top coal had been taken
down near the centre of the chamber, but had been left up for ten or
twelve feet on the left rib.
At the hindermost end of this strip of coal, deceased had fired a
shot some thirty minutes before his death. During this half hour he
and his laborer had been sitting some distance from the face and
conversing about some matters in which they were interested. When
they had concluded their conversation Cochran went to the face of his
own chamber and on his arrival his laborer asked him what kind of
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 27
a hole did it make." He replied that it made a "Jim Dandy," after
vhich his laborer started for the gangway to see if the driver was
coming in and Cochran began to work out the loose coal without
paying any attention to the condition of the coal above him.
He had, however, just began to work out the bottom when he
heard the top coal also beginning to "work" or crack and realizing
his danger made an attempt to run from under it, but before he
could reach a place of safety it was down on him, crushing him so
badly about the head and body that he died in the ambulance on his
way home.
Patrick Powers, ati Irisli miner 5o years of age, was instantly
killed by a fall of top coal and "buck" at Jermyn No. 1 shaft on May
twenty-second.
I made a careful mvestigation on the day fuUowiug and found that
deceased was at the time of his death engaged working out some bot-
tom coal which liad been loosened by a shot tired on the previous
day. The "fourteen-iuch" and "buck" were fastened together at this
l»oint, no "smooth" being visible between them, though many "slips"
could be seen running through them both. Powers had on the pre-
vious day worked out the bottom coal for a distance of four or five
feet, and on the day of the accident had again, the first thing in the
morning, begun to remove what had been shattered by the "last shot"
of the day before, and that, as his fellow miner stated, before making
a proper examination of the coal above him.
While he was thus engaged the top coal fell and instantly crushed
him to death.
The accident which occurred at the Marvine shaft on May twenty-
ninth, whereby an English miner 42 years of age, named William
Cawley, was fatally injured, was carefully investigated by me on the
day of its occurrence. I found that deceased had been engaged driv
ing a "proving hole," which was about twelve feet wide and about
the same height.
The coal was somewhat free, but not dangerously so, and the roof
was very smooth and apparently safe. Cawley, as his laborer stated,
had sounded the roof during the morning and had said it was safe,
•ont notwithstanding all the care and precaution taken it fell in a few
iiours after he had made his examination and almost instantly
caused his death.
The slab which fell was eighteen feet long, eight feet wide at one
end and three feet at the other.
It increased from three inches in thickness at one end to eight
Inches at the other. Cawley was known as a very careful and prac-
ticil miner who never knowingly took any unnecessary risks, but on
the other hand took every precaution to insure his own, as well as
the safety of those working with him.
28 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Jermjn No. 1 shaft was the scene of an accident on July twenty-
hist which instantly ended the life of a Polish laborer 23 years of age,
named George Sharrick. I visited the scene shortly after and found
the chiiniber to be one of the safest in the mine.
The root was good and solid throughout, but as an extra precau-
tion props were being systematically placed in the chamber. The
top coal, or a:s it is better known in this region, the "14-inch,", had
been squared even with the face on the previous day.
Daniel Donovan, the miner who worked on the side of the chambei
where the man was killed, said that he had fired two or three shots
I in this side during the preceding day, and had, as he thought, care
fully trin med down all loose material, but it seems that that which
ff 11 and ended the life of this man had escaped his notice, it being so
small and so close to the face of the chamber.
It measured but sixteen inches on the longest side, eight inches
ti ick and seven inches wide, and only fell some four feet before strik-
er-g the unfortunate man on the head. However, it instantly broke
his neck.
The two miners, named Daniel Donovan and Thomas Williams,
respectively, are careful men and the condition of their chamber gave
evidence of this, but as above stated, this small piece in some way or
other escaped their notice to fall a few hours later with fatal result
to their laborer.
At the "Sturges sbaft," on September eleventh, George Smith, a
Polish laborer aged 20 years was instantly killed by a fall of top coal.
In the investigation it was learned that the foreman had visited
the chamber in which the accident occurred about 10 o'clock on this
day, and had made an examination of the top coal, and while it did
not appear dangerous, he thought it advisable to have it taken down.
He therefore gave the miner orders to blast it down at once. The
miner, whose name is Mike Koscosky, said he would do so immedi-
ately; the foreman then left him to proceed on his journey through
the mine.
The miner, however, did not do as he had been ordered at this
time, but later drilled a hole in the top coal, but instead of firing it
tis he should have done, kept on working for some time afterwards
on the bottom coal. A little later on he and the laborer were load-
ing a car and whih' thus engaged this top coal fell and instantly
( aused the laborer's death.
In reply to an inquiry why he liad not fired the hole in the top coal,
he said that it was his intention to have done so as soon as the car
was loaded, and that he ^^■as trying to scrape up enough coal to load
the car when the fall occurred. Nothing can be said of this, but
that another life has been lost throug the gross negligence of an in
different and careless miner.
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 29
Adam Clupeck, a Hungarian laborer 26 years of age, met instant
death bj a fall of top coal at the Simpson slope on October twenty -
second. I made an examination of this accident shortly after it oc
cvrred, and found the chamber a very safe one in every particular;
the roof was solid sand rock and very secure. The vein is fourteen
feet high, split into three benches, the bottom coal being mined first,
the top coal taken out afterAvard.
The miner had just fired a shot in the rib in the bottom coal, and
had gone back a short distance from the face to put some oil into his
lamp.
The laborer in the meantime, fearing no danger from the top coal,
went back to the face to prepare some coal for the next car. He,
however, no sooner reached a spot near the face, than a piece of coal
from the middle bench, about fifteen inches square, fell, striking him
on the right temple and causing his death instantly.
The men had been at work but a short time when the accident oc-
curred. The piece which did the fatal work must have been shaken
to the point of falling by the shot: just fired, and was so small that it
could not very readily be dit^covered, nor even suspected of being
dangerous.
However, there is no doubt that if this miner had carefully exam
ined his place on the morning before commencing to work in it, he
would in all likelihood have discovered the small, dangerous piece
of coal and would have taken it down and thus would have prevented
this fatality.
At the Edgerton drift, on November third^ an Italian laborer 33
years old, whose name was Frank Bruin, was instantly killed by a fall
of top coal.
Inquiries made on the following day revealed that the miner and
laborer v,ent to the face of the chamber immediately after firing a
shot \v the top coal which failed to bring it down.
The miner, without first making an examination of this, began to
work under it. In a few minutes, however, it fell without any warn
ing, severely injuring the miner and instantly killing the laborer.
This place was apparently perfectly safe and with precaution on
the part of the miner the accident would not have occurred.
But, notwithstanding that men may be working in a safe place, the
conditions at the face change with each succeeding shot and often
times become very dangerous and if the miner is not extremely can
tious at this time he may ^ei caught by a fall when least expected.
On November twenty-eighth, about one o'clock in the afternoon, an
accident occurred at the Simpson slope of the Northwest Coal Com
pany, which resulted in the death of a German miner named Fred
(M-ick Rhine, aged 42 years. :ind his laborer. .Anthoney Paulby. an
Austrian 30 years of age. \n a few hours I was on the scene, and
30 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
soon learned that a large fall of top coal had taken place on the first
lift, on the east side of the new slope, where pillars were being
"robbed."
When I arrived, I found that the work of recovering the bodies of
the unfortunate men was well under way, directed by J. L. Crawford,
W. I. White, J. G, Shepherd and Thos. Jenkins, the foreman.
An examination of the surroundings was made and all was fonnd
safe to proceed with the work of recovering the bodies. About seven
o'clock in the evening th_^ laborer was discovered buried under large
pieces of coal and some slabs of rock which had moved down from
the top of a fall which had been brought on several days previous to
this fall of coal.
The work of recovering this body was necessarily slow, owing to
the size of the coal which lay upon him and which had to be broken
by pick and wedge, as blasting could not be done without further
I'^utilation of the body. It was released at ten o'clock and at once
iaken to his home.
Before Rhine's body could be taken out, some loose pieces of rock
had to be removed, as they were not safe for the men to work under.
This was soon accomplished by blasting and the work of recovering
the body of Rhine began.
His body was discovered about 12.30 o'clock, in a stooping position
close to the rib on the lower side of the gangway buried under two
feet of loose coal, and was removed in half an hour.
While the work of rescue was being performed, I carefully exam-
ined the only persons j)resent who knew anything of the sad affair.
Charles Curtis, for whom these men were working, stated that
"Rliine. who was my brother ;r. law, had been employed by me on the
strength of his knowledge and practical experience as a miner. He
was also a very careful man and one who thoroughly understood his
^vork. I went into his place about five minutes before the fall oc-
< urred, and asked him how h<^ was making out. to which remark he
'^f plied "all right." At this t'lne he and his laborer were barring
down a piece of top coal whi<'h was in the shape of an arch, between
the coal and the lo^^er side and that which fell upon them from the
upper side of the g,iugway.
Thorr was a "slij»" running diagonally across the gangway and up
tln'ongh tlie to]) coal, behind which "Rliino had drilled and lamped a
hole ready to fire, and was trying to bi'(>ak this .irch so that the holf
would have a better cliance to mt. Curiis sjiid. nftci' nsking him ho'vf
he was making out. 'TT went out of tho gangway, but hjul not been
absent but a minute or two when the second laboi'ei* came running
after me. telling me that both men had been killed.
"T heard Ihe fnll. but thoiiglif tlu^v liad barred it down nnd were
safe, but it must li;n( fallen so quickly that escape was impossible.
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 31
"As soon as possible 1 hurried to the scene, made an examination
of the roof and found it all right. I then went over the fall and
s-houied 'Fred.,' but received no answer, I listened for a moment,
and heard the groans of the dying laborer and directed the men
where to find him.
"The coal which fell on the men had been standing on three props
on the upper side of the track, and was to have been left there as a
"stump pillar," but when they broke the small arch, which was about
ten inches wide, and five or six thick the coal slid off the prop and
covered them up."
Another person examined on this occasion was David Cushine, Jr.
He said that some twenty or twenty-five minutes before the fall he
Avas in there and at that time Rhine was tamping a hole on the left
side in the top coal. After tamping it, both men took each a drill
and went barring at the coal which fell on them later.
Thi^ was a sad and deplorable accident, caused, perhaps, by a want
of sufficient care and cautious examination of the top coal, or by over-
confidence in the safe condition of the same.
And it may be said that Rhine, old and experienced as he was,
trusted (as many had done before him) once too often to his own judg-
ment, and that, without making an examination, thought he was per-
fectly safe in trying to break what appeared an insignificant arch of
coal and bone, but what afterwards proved to have been the only
(support to the mass of coal that resulted so disastrously to himself
and his laborer. After making as complete and thorough an exam-
ination of this case as was possible, there was no doubt in my
mind as to how the accident had occurred, and T deemed any further
inquiries by the coroner utterly unnecessary, hence did not notify
this officer to hold an inquest.
Accident from Falling Down Shaft.
John Naughton, an Irish laborer, 50 years of age, was instantly
Idled at Richmond No. 3 February thirteenth by falling down a shaft.
The circumstances are as follows: James Hawley. a driver. Miles
McDonell, miner, and John Naughton, with a mule were on a des-
cending carriage in the shaft.
Hawley's evidence is as follows: "I was trying to back the mule
into the mule cage which stood on the carriage, but could not do so.
A Hungarian took hold of the bridle and tried to back him in, but
failed. After this, McDonell and Naughton took hold of the bridle
and succeeded in putting the mule in the cage, when the headman
gave the signal to slack off. The carriage started with its load, three
men and a mule. Whf'n within thirty feet of the bottom of the shaft
the mule became unruly and bucked up against the chains that were
32 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
holding the cage on the carriage. This caused the mule cage to
^wing around, striking Naughton and forcing him off the carriage
down the shaft."
Miles McDonell's evidence was identical with the above. In an
swer to an inquiry whether he knew that it was against the foreman's
strict orders for any one but the driver to get on the carriage with a
muk-, he said he knew that the orders were not to go, and furthermore
it was in direct violation of this rule that we got on, but did not think
oj any danger nor of anything but of assisting the boy to handle the
mule.
It was the headman's duty to prevent these men from getting on.
but he failed to do so.
Stanley Romel, a doortender, aged 14 years, was instantly killed
by falling down the Jerniyn Is'o. -3 air shaft on May thirty-first.
I learned, upon investigation, that the boy, with others, was
foming up on a carriage, and when within one hundred feet of the
top he inquired of another small boy named John Moore whether or
not they were near the landing; the young fellow replied that they
were, and a moment afterwards he saw Romel fall, and before he
could take hold of him he was passing down between the carriage
and the side of the shaft, at the bottom of which, very shortly after,
the body was found very badly mangled.
It ]s supposed that the boy, not having been accustomed to riding
'ip a shaft, became dizzy and fell with above sad results.
An accident occurred at the Leggetts Creek shaft on March twenty-
sixth, to James Gallagher, an American driver boss, 2G years of age,
which resulted in his death three days later.
Shortly after it o<Murred I went to the scene and learned from sev-
eral persons that Gallagher caine up the main shaft, went to the
blacksmith's shop, got a light, and went directly to the air shaft. In
a tunnel leading from the surface to the air shaft he was met by
the footmnn and two doortenders w'ho had just come up on the car
riage.
The footman rapped the carriage back and remained at the head of
the shaft until the safety gate, which is operated by the carriage,
came back to its proper place. He then started for outside and met
Gallagher about fifly feet from the head of the shaft, whom he
liailed by saying, "Hello, Jim," and passed on. A few minutes later
v.ord was received that Gallagher had fallen down the shaft from the
tunnel to the Diamond vein, Avhere he was picked up seriously, and as
afterwards proved, fatally injured.
Failing, nftor dilig( nt inquiry, to decide as to how he came to fall,
;ind after receiving notice of h'v death, the coroner was notified and
:ui inquest held.
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 33
The jury's verdict was that Gallagher came to his death by an acci-
dent at the Leggettsi Creek shaft
Kicked by Mules.
An examination of the circumstances connected with the death of
William fcscott, an American driver boy, which occurred at the Leg
gttts Creek on January fifth, revealed the following facts, as seen by
an eyt witness of the sad occurrence. George Green, who was within
two feet of the boy when he received the fatal kick, stated that de
ceased was standing giving hha (^Green) a light. After giving Green
;i light he shouted ro the mule to start up and the same moment he
received a kick from the mule on the left side in the region of the
heart that caused him to fall forward on his face into the ditch,
(^reen lifted the boy's head from the ditch and placed it on a plank
.'J? the side of the rail and ran for more help; he met another young
boy who hurried with him to the scene and they together raised him
from the ditch. Other help soon arrived and the poor boy was with-
out any delay hoisted to the surface and conveyed to the engine
house, where he soon died, without regaining consciousness.
On May twenty-eighth, at the Ontario tunnel, Phillip Ingoldsby, an
Irish driver 17 years of age, was fatally injured by a kick from a
mule.
All that could be learned about this affair was that he was driving
a mule on the head of a plane and at the time of the accident was
walking behind him and striking him on the rump with a small stick
when the mule kicked him in the abdomen.
He did not seem to be seriously injured at the time, and walked
home after being accompanied to the mouth of the tunnel by his
brother. He went home and did not complain of pain anywhere but
in the region of the abdomen. No one thought, however, that he
was seriously injured, for on tbc following day he arose from his bed,
walked around the house for some time, then retired and died in a
few minutes.
Breaker Accident.
On September twenty-seventh an accident occurred at the Ontario
breaker which resulted in the instant death of a slate picker named
IJyron Evans, 12 years of age.
I made a thorough investigation of this affair and learned from
the breaker boss who found the young boy's body in a schute leading
into the mud screen, that it was this boy's duty to sit on the side of
a schute to scrape down the coal as it became clogged.
About a month previous to This occurrence a new set of scrapers
iiad been put in position to scrape the coal from a schute to the mud
screen,
3-11-04
34 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
They were in a remote part of the breaker and none but the fore-
man and oiler ever had occasion to go near them. This boy, however,
got to where they were and was caught and killed by them, in what
manner no one knows, as no one was present when the accident took
place.
Since making the investigation, I have learned that it was a habit
of this boy's to stand on these scrapers and ride to a certai-u point
cind then jump off. AVhether this is true or not, something of thi^
nature caused the accident, for he could not have gotten into the
scrapers without lirsc climbing over the schute heading to them, ot
else b}^ going around by another way.
Accident from Pretnature Blast.
On July sixteenth, William Williams, a Welsh miner, 5U years ol
age, was fatally injured at the Leggetts Creek shaft by the prema-
ture explosion of a blast.
I visited the scene on the following day and learned from the fore-
man (who had questioned the dead man's laborer at the time of the
accident) that deceased a few minutes before he was killed had gotten
ready to fire a shot in the bottom bench of coal, which was about one
foot thick and very wet
The first squib failed to put off the shot; then, after waiting a
moment, the miner and his laborer went back to the face together.
The miner took another squib, cut about one-half of the match off,
then lit and placed it in the barrel which was pitching an angle of
thirty degrees. At that instant the blast exploded while he was yet
standing, or perhaps more properly, leaning over it. The coal struck
him in the face and literally smashed it into fragments.
He, however, lived to be taken home, but never regained conscious
ness. It can only be said of this that it was a sad case caused, per-
haps, by being in too much of a hurry for fear of losing a few inches
of powder in a "wet hole."
A person can hardly believe that any sane man would take suci!
an unreasonable risk. Yet such are very frequently taken. Some
times the person may be somewhat excited and led on by over conli
dence in his own ability to escape unhurt he takes useless and often
times fatal chances.
Again, he may be a man well up in years, having worked the
greater portion of his life in the mines, and perhaps enjoyed immu-
nity from injury that is remarkable, and to all appearance has grown
accustomed and indifferent to the dangers that daily surround him.
Sucli a one is sometimes the victim of his own imprudence.
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 35
Fatal Accident from Explosion of Powder.
investigation made by me of llie fatal accident wliicli occurred at
Jones, Simpson Si (Jo.'s shaft on May tliirty-tirst revealed that the
victim, a Polish laborer aged 28 years, and named John Polaski, went
back from the face of the breast to put a cotton in his lamp, and on
his way went to a powder keg containing about twenty-six inches ol
powdoi' in a paper bag.
He had a lamp on his head, and while in the act of looking into the
Ueg a spark from his lamp fell into the powder, causing it to explode.
His clothes instantly took hue and before the flames could be extiu
guished he was severely burned and died on the following day.
Inquest notes of testimony taken before J. A. Kelly, coroner, and Mr.
Edward Roderick, Mine Inspector, at the court house at Scran-
ton, March 9, 1894, in the matter of the accident at Richmond
No. 3 shaft, on March 6, 1894, whereby Richard Hughes, Albert
Richards, Thomas Holwell and James Northey lost their lives.
Coroner's Jury:
Vaughan Richards, William Morton, John Sykes, James J. Fahey,
John J. Loftus and Jocab Ferber.
Mr. John Lumax called for examination and after being duly sworn
by the coroner testified as follows:
Examination.
By the Coroner:
Q. What is your occupation, Mr. Lumax?
A. Miner.
Q. How long have you been one?
A. For the last twenty-four or twenty-five years.
Q. Where do you work?
A. At Richmond's.
Q. Were you working in the shaft the morning the men were killed
and on that shift?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. What time did it occur?
A. As near as I can think, about 4.10 or 4.15 Tuesday morning
last.
Q. Describe to the jury the nature of that accident as you saw it
on that morning.
A. All I can tell is that there was no hopes of saving the men when
I left there.
Q. What was the nature of tlie chunk? How far from the bottom
did it fall?
A. Just over the rail about eight feet.
36 , REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Q. Were the men buried uudei- this piece fully?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. How many were there?
A. Three men completely uiider it.
Q. Where was the fourth man?
A. He was on the other side of the rock opposite.
Q. There were three who escaped?
A. Y.es.
Q. What was their relative positions to the other men?
A. One stood drilling a hole.
Q. How far was he awaj' from the fall?
A. Two or three feet.
Q. Is there any gangway or opening at the bottom?
A. No, sir.
Q. Did they ever use the safety holes there?
A. No, sir.
Q. Were there holes there for that purpose?
A. No, sir.
Q. Should there have been?
A. I think there ought to have been holes there.
Q. AVere you at the bottom of this vein which you were sinking?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Is there any projections or slabs at all along the perpendicular
(,»!' is it wider at the bottom?
A. Only just where the men were working undermining it with
their picks.
Q. Were you informed by the chargeman of the previous shift, of
the dangerous condition of this piece?
A. No, sir.
Q. Was any man ou your shift?
A. Not as I am aware of. I didn't hear it.
Q. How many shots were find that night?
A. Two shots only. We ran two holes only to one shot.
Q. What is the usual way in firing these holes, by battery?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Whose duty is it to look after the place after a shot is fired?
A. The chargeman's.
Q. Who was the chargeman of your shift?
A. Thomas Holwell.
Q. Well, does he always look after the loose material?
A. No, sir.
Q. Did he ever do it?
A. No, sir; not while I was there; he used to leave that to me.
Q. Did you do it on the night before the shot was fired?
A. Yes, sir.
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT 37
Q. Did you notice jmythin}^ loose?
A. No, sir.
Q. Did jou examine it closely?
A. As closely as I could.
Q. How long after yon went down did the other men go down to
work?
A. As soon as they saw that everything was safe.
Q. I would like the jury to understood, Mr. Lumax, how this bucket
is suspended; is there mucli rope between the carriage and the
bucket?
A. About (>0 feet, as far as I can judge. When the bucket is at th«'
bottom of the pit the carriage is 60 feet above.
Q. Do the buntings go dowr as far as the slides?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. And the slides go down below the buntings?
A. No; just even.
Q. And the projections on the side of the shaft were protected by
these slides?
A. Yes, sir.
Q How many men were allov,fd to ride in the bucket?
A. Four men.
Q. Do more than four ever ride in the bucket?
A. When anything is the matter, five may ride in it.
Mr. John Connelly sworn.
I»y th«^ Coroner:
Q. What is your occupation?
A. A sinker.
Q. Where do you work?
A. Richmond's.
Q. How long have you been a sinker?
A. Ever since I was 12 years old.
Q. Were you working on the morning of this accident?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Well, you may tell your experience of that morning to the
A. I knew nothing about the ground being bad and I did not hear
anything of it.
Q. W>re no remarks at all passed?
A. Not that I know of.
Q. Did you hear Holwell say anything of this ground being bad?
A. No, sir.
Q. How many blasts took place that night?
A. Two holes.
Q. How was the gas ignited?
38 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
A. I cannot answer that.
Q. Was it ignited when the fall took place in the first place?
A. No, sir.
Q. There must have been somt one who took a lamp and went in
where the gas was, or there would have been no gas?
A. 1 don't know.
Q. Did YOU consider the place perfectly safe?
A. I thought it was as safe as it ever was.
Q. Never thought it would require being secured by beams?
A. No, sir.
Q. Were you working when the men were killed?
A. Yes, sir; within a few feet of them.
Q. What time do you take supper when you are on the 11 o'clock
shift?
A. About 2 or 3 o'clock.
Q. How many men were dowL the shaft?
A. Eight.
Q. Were you on that shift?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Were you down?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Did you think i+ needed timbering?
A. I don't know. I thought it was the chargeman's place to look
after that.
Q. Was it the chari^eman who went down to examine the place?
A. I could not tell.
Q. Did you have a substitute?
A. I don't know; somebody went down.
Q. Did he go down ahead of you?
A. Yes, sir. •
John Laiigstonr, sworn.
])y tlu Coroner:
Q. What is your occupation?
A. I work on rock.
Q. Woi-k most of the time sinking?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. How long have you worked at tliat?
A. Six months.
Q. What did you work at before that?
A. A miner.
Q. Were you down in this shaft the morning these men were killed?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Suppose you tell the jury what you saw that morntng?
A. T did not see anything but the concussion on the bottom; that's
all T could see; the men weir underneath it.
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 39
Q. The men were underneath the chunk, you say?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Do you know Alexander Turner?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Does he work on your shift? •
X. No, sir; I work on the shift Tom Hoi well works on.
Q. Do 3'ou know anything about Alex, Turner having given a warn-
ing iu.-'truction to your ehargeman?
A. I heard them talk, but we never paid any attention to what they
were saying.
Q. Did Thomas Hoi well tell you men what Turner told him?
A. No, sir.
Q. Didn't tell any of the men?
A. Not to my knowledge.
Q. Did this piece that fell out, killing these men, give any warning?
A. No, sir.
Q. How was the fall undermined; was it picked out or blasted
out?
A. It was picked out.
Q. Who were picking it out?
A. Connolly and two of the men who were killed and another man.
Q. Did you notice them sounding this piece before they began to
pick?
A. No, sir.
Q. It looked to be solid; you never suspected it of being bad?
A. No, sir; I did not.
Q. The ehargeman never madt' any remark about it?
A, No, sir,
Q. Where did you see Holwell and the ehargeman have the con-
versation?
A. In the shanty where they shift.
Q. How far is that from the head of the shaft?
A. Not very far.
Q. About how many feet?
A. Twenty-five or thirty feet ; T don't know exactly.
Q. You are positive you saw them talking?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. What were they saying?
A. T don't know.
Mr. C. Dodan sworn.
By the Coroner*
Q. What is your occupation?
A. Miner and shaft sinker, between rock and coal; always followed
those mv whole lifetime.
40 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Q. Where are you working now?
A. Richmond's
Q. How long have you been in this work sinking?
A. About three or four years,
Q. Were you there the morning of the accident at the bottoin of the
shaft?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Can you tell the jury what your experience was that morn
ing?
A. I can tell nothing but that we loaded the coal and the rock
came down. It was what they call a roll bottom, the bottom falling
first and the top afterwards, and I nearly got caught.
Q. Did anybody ever tell yon it was loose?
A. Nothing about it.
Q. Who was your chargeman?
A. Thomas Holwell.
Q. Did Holwell usually tell you if there was anything dangerous?
A. No, sir; he never had occasion. No, sir; he never told us any-
thing that I remember.
Q. Do you know whether or not Thomas Holwell's attention was
called to this piece by the chargeman of the other shift, Turner?
A. I could not s;iy.
' Q. Did you see Turner and Holwell have any conversation?
A. No, sir; I did not see them speak.
Q.*They might have done so without your attention being called
to Jt?
A. i'es, sir; but if he told him anything, T never heard him.
Q. Did Holwell ever make any remark to you?
A, iS'o, sir; I didn't see anything dangerous. This rock was above
our reach; we were loading the coal and picking out what was loose
and were loading our last bucket, and our chargeman was ready to go
up, just at that moment it came down.
Q. How long before it fell did you fire?
A. Jz was nearly an hour, for the water was up, then we got suppe.""
and loaded fifteen or twenty buckets before it came down.
Q. Did Tom Holwell undermine this place with a pick?
A. No, sir.
■Q. Is the coal hard or. soft?
A. It is soft coal.
Mr. Oeorge Barron sworn.
By the Coroner:
Q. What do you work at, Mr. Barron?
A. W^orked at rock for the la si six weeks.
Q. How long have you been sinking? '
No. 11. P^IRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 41
A. >Six weeks.
Q. You were a iiiiiiei- befoi-e that?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. That is all the experience you have had in sinking, is it?
A. Oh, 1 have been from one jdace to the other.
(2. ^^'el'e you clown in this shaft the morning that these men were
killed?
A, Yes, sir,
Q. Suppose you tell what you saw that day?
A. [ went down the first time and saw the rock but could not see
any men. I went down the second time and found some of them; in
tlie afternoon 1 went down again and helped to get two of them out.
(<>. How many shots were tired in your shift?
A. One round; live holes.
Q. Did you do considerable picking after these shots were fired?
A. Yes, sir; we did quite a little picking.
Q. Do you know whether or not Turner called the attention of
your shift to the dangerous condition of this rock?
A. Yes, sir; he did. He did not call our attention to it, but he did
th»^ next.
Q. Well, did every man on tlie sliift know the danger of it just as
well as Turner?
A. Y'es, sir; I knew the danger of it when I left the shaft.
Q. And did Turner call your attention to it?
A. He didn't call mine, because probably he thought it was safe.
Q. You didn't consider it dangerous after you left your shift?
A. It was dangerous after that.
Q. Do you know whether the chargeman of your shift called the
attention of the chargeman of the other shift to it?
A. Yes, sir; I made it my business that night to go and tell th}
man about these blowers.
Q. Are you sure ihe blowers were extinguished before you left the
mines?
A. Yes, sir.
• Q. W hose business is it to see that the blowers arc extinguished?
A. The chargeman's, of course.
) Q. He has the ])OA\er to deputize any other man to do it if ho
sees fit?
A. Yes.
Q. You say that Chargeman Turner called the attention of Charge
:ian Ifohvell of the dangerous condition of this piece?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. ^.\<n-e you ])resent w^hen he told Holwell?
■ A. 1 was going liome with Turner. T walked a short distance with
him and he told me tlie conversation they had.
2
42 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES Off. Doc.
Q. And Turner never called his men's attention to it at all before
he came up?
A. No, sir.
Q. Why did Mr. Turner warn Chargemau Holwell ol this danger
at the top of the shaft, when you say he thought it was perfectly safe
before he came up?
A. It was perfectly safe.
Q. Did yoi! think that it would require timber?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. \Yhose duty was it to S(;e that it was timbered?
A. The succeeding shift.
Q. Suppose the succeeding shift was not not i tied and failed to at
once discover the danger of it?
A, A man has io go and examine a place before he puts men to
work.
Q. After your men come up from shaft duty, is it necessary for men
to go down and inspect the work?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Is it always carried out?
A. It ought to bt
Q. Do you know if it was do»e that day?
A. I do not know; I was not working that day on Holwell's shift,
but Turner examined our shift.
Q. \Ahat did you mean when you stated in your testimony that you
thouglit it was perfectly safe Avhen you left the shaft, and then why
do you think it required timber, if it was safe it would not require
timber?
A. No, sir; but I said he took the coal from underneatli it.
Q. Could you swear that it Avould not have fallen if they had no!
been working at it?
A. I don't believe it could.
Q. You are positive about that?
A. I have got that much judgment, I think.
Q. Who told you that they worked under that rock?
A. Mr. Lumax, I think it was,
Q. When did he tell you?
A. The same day.
By Mr. Roderick:
Q. What part of the shaft did you load the coal from?
A. The south.
Q. How near to the rib did you put these two holes?
A. Near the rib.
Q. You do not know whetlie: these two holes undermined the rib
or not?
No. 11 FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 43
A. No, sir; I don't think they did. On the side of the shaft where
th(.' cave was, there was only one hole.
By the Coroue'':
Q. How long before this accident occurred did you have au ex-
plosion?
A. We didn't have an explosion.
Q. Did you have any shots or blasts in this shaft on that night?
A. Yes.
Q. How' long before?
A. Two hours.
Q. How many uien were down the shaft?
A. Eight men.
Q. You Icnev, the danger of this as well as Chargeman Turner?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Did you all know it?
A. Yes, sir; I guess so.
Q. You told two 01 three of the men and you knew Turner told
Hoi well?
A. I am most certain.
Q. Did you think ii ought to have been propped up?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. AYhy didn't Tu^'ner prop it up?
A. Eecause he didn't have a chance.
Q. You claimed before, that it was safe before Turner left the
shaft and did not require propping?
A. Yes, sir.
By Juror Fahey:
Q. In a shaft you cannot prop anything, can you?
A. We cannot prop it; wn can timber it.
Q. When you warned these men. did you call their attention to the
propping or timbering; of this place?
A. No, sir; it was not m}^ business.
Q. You didn't do that?
A. No, sir.
Mr. Alexander Turner, sworn.
By the Coroner:
Q What's your occupation'.'
A. Formean of the opposite shift.
Q. How^ long have you worked as foreman?
A. Since last August.
Q Were you w'orking in the shaft where this disaster occui'red?
A. Yes, sir; Hichmond's shaft.
Q. Were you foreman of the opposite shift?
A. Yes. sir.
Q. Mr. Turner, when you got through with your shift, was there
44 RE} ORIS OF THP] INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
a7jy iufonnation to the foreman of the opposite shift about any dan-
jTf V in sinking this shaft?
A I told Mr. Hohvell to k( (•]• his lamp on the east side of the
sl'ift. She was hot. "She was hot as hell" were the words I used,
:»!>d that there was a seam in the rock and lie could examine it, and
if he thought it needed it, to ]>ul a bunting in.
Q. I would like you to explain to the jury what you mean by a
bunting?
A, It is a timber crossing from one side of the shaft to the other.
He then started v)ll" and said "1 will fix it."
Q. Why didn't ^ on put the hunting in?
A. I didn't think it needed it.
Q. Hut you warned him of tlie danger?
A. 1 told him to look at it and if he thought it needed it to put
it in.
Q. What end of the shaft did this fall come on?
A. The whole sid;^ on the north side of the shaft.
Q. Who stood there when you were talking with Hoi well?
A. I don't think Ihere was anybody.
Q. Did you tell .-mybody that you told Hoi well this?
A. Yes, sir; ] did.
Q. Whom did you tell?
A. I told James Connolly and I told George Barron.
By Mine Inspector Eoderick:
Q. How many times did you tire that night?
A. Once.
Q. How many holes did yon fire?
A. Five holes.
Q. Were they near the rib?
A. Two or three feet from the rib.
Q. Pointing toward the rib?
A. Xo, sir; toward the cenire of the shaft.
Q. How deep did you put them?
A. Four feet.
Q. I>id you load nil the coal?
A. Yes, sir. all; with the exception of a strip which run across th-"*
shaft.
Q. Was the coal left there intentionally to supporf this rock?
A. No, sir; it was not.
■ Q. Is it customary in sinking n shaft to put sum]) holes fifteen feet
apart?
A. The holes were four feet deep, five feet from the edg(» of the
shaft; that would loave fourteen feet between the two sump holes.
Q. Is that a good method of mining, to put fourteen feet between
the two sump holes?
No. 11. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 45
A. We didn't know how deep it was, to get to tlie bottom of the
vein,
Q. How many holes had beei: fired in the coal by you before this
shift?
Q. How many cars did you load on Monday night?
A. 1 think six. Fridny nigl'.t we loaded ten and the shift before
we loaded seven.
Q. Those holes didn't cut to the rib?
A. No, sir,
Q. How early in your shift did you notice this piece to be danger-
ous?
A. In the fore part of the shift.
Q. Did you examine it carefully and discover any seams?
A. L could not discover any seams at all only one that came up
from the bottom.
Q. Did Holwell usually trim up and timber a good deal?
A. Yes.
Q. He did more than 30U did?
A. No, sir; I don't think he ever put in more timber than 1 did.
I don't know that lie put in as much as I did there.
Q. How far from the top of the coal was. this rock out?
A. Five or six feet.
Mr, Joseph Connolly, sworn.
By the Coroner:
Q, What do 30U work at?
A. Sinker,
Q, How long haA'e you been a sinker?
A. Since the first of July.
Q. Did you w^ork in this shaft where the accident occurred?
A. Yes, sir,
Q, Were you working on the morning the accident occurred there?
A. No, sir.
Q. Were you working on the shift before that?
A. Yes.
Q. Did you notic:* any danger at all at the bottom of the shaft?
A, I noticed that rock,
Q, Did you susppct uny danger?
A. No. sii-; if I had seen any danger I would not have worked
ti:ere.
Q, What was the appearance of the rock when you left?
A, It was secure and all right
Q, Did any one on your shift have any conversation about this
p ece before you l<^it the bottom of the shaft?
A. We were told i\ot to go on that side of the shaft.
46 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Q. Who was it told you?
A. Tom Hoi well.
Q. Who told him ■?
A. Turner.
Q. How do you know ?
A. 1 was there.
Q. \\'as anybody else there?
A. Yes: ^^ith the exception of Reynolds, all Holwell's shift were
[)reseut.
Q. Were any of Holwell's men saved?
A. Yes: John Lumax.
Q. When you came up, did you hear Mr. Turner speak of the dan-
ji'er of this piece of rock?
A. He didn't say anything about danger at all; he told us to open
up on one side.
Q. Why?
A. Because he was going to look after that matter himself.
Q. What time did this accident occur?
A. I don't know; I was in bed.
Q. Did you hear any more remarks passed about the condition of
this rock?
A. Duiing my shift we w-ere going to put a stick to it, if we had
time.
Q. Was it undermined during your shift?
A. Xo, sir,
Q. And you thought it perfectly safe?
A. Yes, sir.
Q, You knew that if the coal was taken out it would drop?
A, It had a chance to drop.
Q. Where did the conversation take place between Holwell and
Turner?
A. In the shanty outside.
Mr. Vincent Kcynolds, sworn.
By the Coroner:
Q. What shift were you on?
A. Turner's.
Q. I>i(l anybody iiiforni you as to a conversation they had when
they came up from llie shaft?
A. No, sir.
Q. Ko remarks passed about this piece of rock?
A. Not that I know of.
Q. Was there any coiivcrsalion at all during youi- shift about this
piece of rock?
A. Not that I lieard.
Ko. II. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 47
Mr. Luke Kelly, sworn.
By the Coroner:
Q. What do you work at?
A. Driver boss.
Q. You work in Providence shaft, where this disaster occurred?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Tell the jur} all that you know about this accident.
A. I came there the morning- of the accident about 5:30, 1 believe,
and went down the shaft. The gas was burning and the water was
a little up, but I could see nobody and came back up again. Some
one made the suggestion to set a charge of dynamite over it and it
might quench the gas. They did so, and it broke the stone, and I
w ent down and found a man and took him up in the bucket with me.
Q. Who was that man?
A. Richard Hughes. I went down again, several times, and suc-
ceeded in getting another man up.
Q. What are your chief duties — to simply look after the drivers?
A. Anything I am told.
Q. You are not supposed to inspect this work before the men go
to work?
A. No.
Ml". Patrick Rodgers, sworn.
By the Coroner:
Q. State to the jury what you know about this accident?
A. All I know is that I heard a noise in the shaft; didn't know
what it was. When the gas went off they commenced hollowing.
Q. What is your occupation?
A. Headman.
Q. Did you hear the men moan or call out below?
A. I heard the men hollow to slack the bucket, and then I knew
there w'as something wrong.
Q. What was the signal that was used, a bell or a tube?
A. A bell; of course we had a speaking tube.
Q. Is that all you know about it?
A. Yes, sir.
Mr. Thomas Naughton, sworn.
By the Coroner:
Q. Wfiat do you w ork at ?
A. Track laying.
Q. Do you work in this shaft?
A. I work in the fourteen; I did work in the sinking shaft.
Q. Do you know anything about this accident?
48 REI ORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
A. No; onh- that I came there and helped to get the iiieu out.
Q. You were not working there at the time of the accident?
A. No, sir.
Mr. A. Aikman, sworn.
B}- the Coroner:
Q. Do you know anything about this accident?
A. No more than what I heard and saw. I got to the shaft aboui
eight o'clock in the morning. I lieard about the accident about G.20.
When I reached the mines I met Mi. Roderick and we went down.
Shortly after, preparations were begun to hook the bircket on thi-
opposite side and one of the Avitnesses that was recently examined
entered with another and brought up the body of Mr. Hughes. They
were exhausted, and another fresh relay of men went down and
brought up the bod}' of Holwell.
Q. Were you in the fourteen foot vein?
A. Yes, sir; I went down the shaft about three o'clock in the after-
noon, but the water was up to the foot of the shaft and covered this
stone. As far as I could see, the stone that had fallen out was prac
tically covered with water, but I could see the place it had fallen oul
of, and I could assume the thickness of it on the side of the shaft.
(Here he explained on the table how the rock might have fallen out.i
There is another course that might be very ajjt to have loosened the
stone, that is there were two holes fired at one time, and it is quite
]:-ossible that they might have opened it out; and the opening become
tilled with gas, and in that way it would deceive any man.
By Juror Fahey:
Q. Is it customary to use precaution in sinking a shaft?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. To the best of your judgment, how fai' would you timber a shaft
in sinking?
A. That would entireW depend u])on the nature of tht^ surround
ings. Because of the strata being of a loose nature it would reipiirr
to be timbered very close to the bottom.
Mr. Richard Williams, sworn.
By the Coroner:
A. I ki ow nothing more than that Mr. Roderick asked me if I
would like to go down, and I went down and examined the ])lace. J
am of tin- same opinion as the other gentlemen.
^Iv. Hodgth^on, sworn. ^^
By the Coroner:
Q. What is your occupation?
A. T am in charge of sinking r;iii<-();isl slintt.
(}. llow long have yon l)een a sinlcer?
No. n. FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 49
A, I first started when I was nineteen years of age, and 1 have
done that work off and on ever since.
Q. Have you got anything further you woukl like to state to the
A, I think Mr. Aikman gave a very good description of it, and I
don't think I could add anything to it.
JMr. Hailstone, sworn.
By the Coroner:
Q. You may state as briefly as you can what you know in regard
to this accident?
A. I am of the same opinion as Mr. Aikman. Mr. Roderick and 1
have been in consultation several times about the law being obeyed,
and that gentleman wanted to know whether we complied with the
law or not; and I say (pointing to Fahey) all precautions necessary
were taken, an adequate supply of air was furnished, and I always
instructed my chargemen to examine and see that there was no gas
standing in the bottom of the shaft, and that was always complied
with.
By Juror Fahey:
Q. Was this contract work?
A. No; company work.
Mr. Thomas Grier, sworn.
By the Coroner:
Q. Mr. Grier, is there anything further you can state to the jury?
A, No, sir ; only that Mr. Hailstone failed to say that Mr. Roderick
had talked to us In regard to the sinking laws, but he said every-
thing was all right, and I think we have lived up to the letter of the
law. Mr. Hailstone had failed to find his book on ventilation, and
the next morning he got one.
Mr. Patrick Mullin, sworn.
By the Coroner:
Q. Do you know anything about this accident except as to the res
cuing of the bodies of those who were killed?
A. No, sir: only that T helped to take them out.
John Howell s, on examination, said he also helped to take them
out.
Mr. Roderick.
On the thiiteouth of February T went to Mr. Hailstone and con-
sulted with him about the law on shaft sinking and Avas told by him
that the law was being obeved to the letter.
The jury's verdict was that these men came to their death by an
unforseen accident. They also thought that the cliargi-nien should
be more careful in the discharge of their duties.
4-11-94
50
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
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REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
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Official Document, No. 31.
Second Anthracite District.
(LACKAWANNA COUN'IY.)
Scrautou, Pa., April 1, 1895.
Hou. Jsaac B. Brown,
Secretary of Internal Affairs :
Sir: I have the honor of herewith presenting my annual report for
the year ending December 31, 1894, in compliance with article -,
section 9 of the Anthracite Mine Law, approved June 2, 1891.
The total quantity of coal mined in the Second Anthracite district
was 5,671:,579.09 tons; shipped, 5,195,27l'.08 tons; consumed at col-
lieries, 317,087.19 tons, and sold for local consumption, 158,272.02
tons.
The number of fatal accidents was 41, as a result of which there
were left 13 widows and 39 orphans. The number of non-fatal acci
dents was 141, some of which were of a very slight character.
The quantity of coal mined per life lost was 138,404 tons.
Hereto attached will be found tables giving in detail the statistics
required by law.
There were no improvements during the year except what were
necessary for the economic working of the collieries. ■
Tbe following named persons pnssed a satisfactory examination
which entitled them to be recommended to the Secretary of Internal
Affairs to have certificates issued qualifying them to hold the posi-
tion of mine foremen and assistant mine foremen:
Robert E. Owens, mine foreman, Scranton, Pa.
John Connolly, mine foreman, Taylor, Lackawanna county, Pa.
Reese Thomas, mine foreman, Scranton, Lackawanna county. Pa.
Isaac Watkins. mine foreman, Rendham, Lackawanna county. Pa.
Howell G. Reese, mine foreman. Scranton, Lackawanna county.
Pa.
Thomas F. Jones, mine foi'cmaii, Scranton. Lackawanna county.
Pa.
David A. Jones, mine foreman, Minooka, Lackawanna county. Pa.
John T. Davies, mine foreman, Scranton, Lackawanna county. Pa.
Francis E. Tosgrove, mine foreman. Old Forge, Lackawanna coun-
ty. Pa.
5-11-91
iiO REPORTS OF THK INSPECTORS OF MINEts. Off. Doc.
Edmtmd Davies, mine foreman, Scrauton, Lackawanna county,
I'a.
Alfred l*o^^ ell, mine foreman, ^cranton, Lackawanna county, Pa.
Charles Hainsworth, assistant mine foreman, Marsbwood, Lacka-
wanna county, Pa.
Edward E. Davis, assistant mine foreman, Scranton, Lackawanna
county, Pa.
Evan Walters, assistant mine foreman. Scran ton, Lackawanna
county. Pa.
John Devereaux, assistant mine foreman, Scrauton, Lackawanna
county, Pa.
Frank J. Campbell, assistant mine foreman, Scranton, Lackawanna
county, Pa.
Lewis P. Davis, assistant mino foreman, Scranton, Lackaw'anna
county. Pa.
Daniel Mathias, assistant mine foreman. Scranton, Lackawanna
county, Pa.
Kespectfully submitted,
PATRICK BLEWITT,
Inspector of Mines.
No. 11.
SECONt) ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
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Official Document, No. 11.
Third Anthracite District.
(LUZERNE COUNTY.)
Pittston, Pa., April 2, 1895.
Hon, Isaac B. Brown,
Secretary of Internal Affairs:
Sir: I have the honor herewith of presenting my annual report as
Inspector of Mines of the Third Anthracite District for the year 1894..
The total production of coal in this district was 5,541,952 tons, a
decrease of 87,962 tons from that of 1893.
The number of fatal accidents was 51, leaving 26 wives widows,
fvnd 67 orphans. The number of non-fatal accidents was 148. The
quantity of coal produced per life lost was 108,665 tons.
The report contains the usual tables, with a description of a few
of the fatal accidents, and of the improvements in the mines during
the year 1894.
Yours very respectfully,
H. Mcdonald,
Inspector of Mines.
Tons of Coal Mined During the Year 1894.
Pennsylvania Coal Company, '. 1,210,395
Lehigh Valley Coal Company, 755,204
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, 286,173
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, 149,521
Butler Mine Company, Limited, 277,199
Ntrwton Coal Company, 331,630
Waddell and Company, 151,915
Hillside Coal and Iron Company 105,549
John C. Haddock, t . . . 243,657
Clear Spring Coal Company, 196,363
Floience Coal Company 80,244
W. G. Payne and Company 105,872
84
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Off. Do«.
Abbott Coal Company,
Keystone Coal Company,
Avoca Coal Company,
Annora Coal Company,
John M. Robertson and Company.
Langcliffe Coal Company, .......
Stevens Coal Company
Babylon Coal Company
Mount Lookout Coal Company. .
Foity-Fort Coal Company
Hiitchens and Company,
Old Forge Coal Company
Raub Coal Company,
Algonqnin Coal Company
Total
9,544
102,964
65,662
29,171
49,426
121,314
83,046
244,856
315,462
184,225
10,575
212,009
33,942
186,034
5,541.952
Number of Fatal Accidents and Tons
Life Lost.
OF Coal Produced Per
N'ame of the Operators,
Number o f
lives lost.
Tons of coal
ralaed per
life lost.
Penn.sy 1 vania Coal Comrn ny .
Lehigh Valley Coal Company
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company
Delaware. Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company,
Butler Mine Company. Limited
Newton Coal Company
Waddell & Co
Hillside Coal and Iron Company
John C. Haddock
Clear Spring Coal Company
Florence Coal Company
W. G. Payne & Co
Abbott Coal Company
Keystone Coal Company
Avoca Coal Company
Annora Coal Company
.Tohn M. Robertson & Co
Langcliffe Coal Company,
Stevens' Coal Company
Babylon Coal Company
Mount Lookout Coal Company
Forty Fort Coal Company
Hutchlns Coal Company
Old Forge Coal Company
Raub Coal Company
Algonquin Coal Company
No fatalities.
No fatalities
No fatalities
No fatalitiep
No fatalities
No fatalities
No fatalities
Total.
134,488
107. SS6
149.521
92. "599
6fi,326
75,957
196,363
80.244
35.290
102,964
6.'->,662
121.314
20,761
122.428
31 '.,462
36,84.5
212,009
33,942
93,017
108.666
No. 11.
THIRD ANTHRACITE DISTRICT
85
Number of Non-Fatal Accidents and Tons of Coal Mined Pku
Person Seriously Injured.
Name of the Operators.
Pennsylvania Coal Company
Lehigh Valley Coal Company
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company,
Butler Mine Company, Limited ,
Newton Coal Company
Waddell & Co
Hillside Coal and Iron Company
John C. Haddock
Clear Spring Coal Company,
Florence Coal Company,
W. G. Payne & Co
Abbott Coal Company
Keystone Coal Company
Avoca Coal Company,
Annora Coal Company
John M. Robertson & Co
Lanpcliffe Coal Company
Stevens' Coal Company
Bab3'Ion Coal Company ;
Mount Lookout Coal Company,
Forty Fort Coal Company
Hutchins' & Co
Old Forge Ctial Company
Raub Coal Company
Algonquin Coal Company
Number o f
persons In-
jured.
Total.
Tons of coal
mined per
person In-
jured.
40,346
19,873
57,234
74,760
46,199
27,635
151,9^15
105,549
121,827
65,454
52,936
162,' 964
30,328
20,761
122,427
26,238
36,845
26,001
33,942
20,670
37,445
Number of Fatal and Non-Fatal Accidents and Tons of
Produced Per Each Person Killed or Injured.
Coal
Name of the Operator.
Number killed
or injured.
Tons of coal
prod u 0 e d
per person
killed or
Injured.
Pennsylvania Coal Company 39
Lehigh Valley Coal Company 45
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company -5
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company 3
Butler Mine Company, Limited 9
J^ewton Coal Company 17
Waddell & Co 3
Hillside Coal and Iron Company > 1
John C. Haddock 2
Clear Spring Coal Company | 4
Florence Coal Company, 1
W. G. Payne & Co., ! 5
Abbott Coal Company i No Injuries.
Keystone Coal Company 1 2
Avoca Coal Company I 1
Annora Coal Company | No injuries.
John M. Robertson & Co I No injuries.
Langcliffe Coal Company, 5
Stevens' Coal Company I 8
Babylon Coal Company, | 4
Mount Lookout Coal Company I 13
Forty Fort Coal Company, 1 10
Hutchins' Coal Company I No injuries.
Old Forge Coal Company ; 9
Raub Coal Company 2
Algonquin Coal Company 11
Total,
199
31,033
15,782
57,234
49,840
30,798
19,507
50,538
105,549
121,828
49,090
80,244
21,174
51,482
65,662
24,263
10,380
61,214
24,266
18,422
23,556
16,971
16,»12
86 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Classification of Fatal and Non-Fatal Accidents.
Cause of Accidents.
Killed or
fatally In-
jured.
Seriously In-
jured.
By explosions of carburetted hydrogen gas,
By falls of roof and coal
Crushed and ran over by mine cars,
By falling down shafts
By explosions of powder and blasts,
By miscellaneous causes underground,
By miscellaneous causes on the surface, .
Total
Occupation of Persons Killed or Injured.
2
24
22
42
13
38
4
3
3
15
4
14
3
12
51
148
Miners
Miners' laborers
Prlvers and runners
Door boys and slate pickers
Miscellaneous underground.
Miscellaneous on surface, .
Total.
Natiosality of Persons Killed or Injured.
Injured.
a
a
R
a
,a
S
^
M
«
A
«
&
a
a
J3
O
ei
a
«
ID
an
a '
p
o
3.
o
S
Killed or fatally Injured
13
2
9
6
2
3
2
13
1
. 61
81
10
46
U
1
2
i
11
b«
2
I4tj
Total
44
12
54
16
3
5
1
13
19
3
199
The Condition of the Mines.
A great number oi Mnprovements have been made in and around
the mines of this district. A hirge number of old frame buildings
surrounding the fans have been taken down and replaced by sub-
stantial brick buildings which give better satisfaction in ventilation
and remove the possibility of their taking fire, which has been too
often the case with wooden structures. Likewise a number of the
collieries have replaced the horizontal steam boiler with the tubular,
which gives better satisfaction, both in steam and safety. While
there have been very few fatal accidents in the anthracite coal field
from boiler explosions, in comparison with other causes in and
•around the mines, the number of which must be admitted by all who ex-
amine these reports, is to an alarming extent, too great. But, never-
No. 11. THIRD ANTHRACITE DISTRICT, 87
theless, such is the case, but would not be if the victims themselves,
in the majority of the cases, had taken the ordinary precaution to
secure their own safety. By careful examination of the causes of ac-
cidents, both fatal and non-fatal m the reports, it is clearly shown
that two-thirds of them have taken place through hurry or a disre-
gard of the law.
An article which appeared in the Philadelphia "Press" at the be-
ginning of this year, 1894, shows that while in England coal mining
accidents decrease year by year, in our anthracite coal mines they
have increased. For fifteen years past the average ratio of miners
killed in the United Kingdon to each 1,000 miners employed in the
five years ending 181)0 was 1.83, in the previous five years 2.01, in the
five years ending with 1880, 2.39. Here is a regular continuous de-
crease, and as tbe amount of coal mined has increased 30 per cent,
in this period of fiftfeu years, from 131,801,000 tons in 1875, to
181,634,000 tons in 1890, it is clear that a greatly increased output
has been secured with constantly increasing safety to miners.
In our anthracite coal mines, a like decrease has not taken place.
The "Colliery Engineer," published in their mining paper accident
figures in the anthracite region, collating them from the .Inspectors'
reports.
In the five years ending with 1892, there were 3.49 deaths to every
],000 persons employed. In the five years previous, 3.20, and in the
five years ending in 1882, 3.32. Instead of a decrease as in Great
Britain, here there has been an increase.
It is quite reasonable to suppose that the public would want to
know the reasons why such a difference exists. I shall explain, in
my opinion, a few of the reasons that cause the great difference
between the United Kingdom and the Anthracite coal field in gene-
ral. In the first place in the method of mining. It is a well known
fact that mining coal with picks and then wedging it down, as I un-
derstand is principally the way the miner gets his coal down in the
British mines, is not so dangerous a method as blasting with powder
in whatever form it may be used, as is the custom here. Therefore,
accidents from falling coal are not so liable to occur in the former
case as in the latter, or the overlying strata are not disturbed, as is
frequently the case where powder has been used, often causing a
comparatively safe roof to become very dangerous, and occasionally
about ready to fall by the time the miner goes back to the face. An-
other cause is the different size of seams in height. The roof in low
veins can be more carefully guarded and inspected by the miner at
all times while at work, and dangerous pieces taken down or easily
propped.
Another cause, and in ray opinion the greatest, is the difference in
hH ItEl'OKTS OF THE INSPECTORS OE MINES. OH. Uoe.
the workmen as a whole j not that the educated miner of Britain is
any more competent than the educated miner of the anthracite mines
of Pennsjlvauia. The former are men who have been brought up to
the occupation of miners, from the lower grades in the mine from the
lime the law allows them to entei-, working either with their fathers
or some friend who takes interest in making them competent work
men and look after them until ihey are able to conduct a place ol
their own. How^ different we find it in our coal mines here. It is
ootJiing uncommon to find about two-thirds of the miners and their
laborers that cannot speak or understand the English language, the
mine foreman directing them by signs how to proceed with their
work; or, if they cannot understand by that method, he will bring
one of their nationality who can talk a little English to tell them
what he wants them to do in their own tongue. By inquiring of the
mine boss I find that every miner has a miner's certificate entitling
him to mine coal. How men, such as those referred to, get their cer-
tificates I do not know, but I do know that the law granting theui
was one of the worst pieces of legislation that was ever passed for
this region, as it has driven competent miners coming to this coal
field away, as they refuse to labor for two years with this class of miu
ers before they can have a place for themselves to work. Therefore,
I hey go to other coal fields where this law is not in operation. Theu
is it any wonder that the accidents do not decrease?
In conclusion, I would say that it might be expected that in a few
years this state of affairs would be overcome after these miners had
become accustomed to mining, and then a better state of affairs in
regard to killed and injured. This should be the case, but those who
are fortunate enough to escape death or serious injury and have ac
cumulated some money, go back to the country they came from and
a fresh supply arrives and takes their places.
Again, Great Britain fatalities are based on their total output or
production of their mines, while in the anthracite mines of Pennsyl
vania they are based on the prepared coal after passing through the
breakers, and not on the total }»roduction of the mines. The waste
of the anthracite mines, whicn amounts to about 30 per cent., is not
taken into consideration in determining the amount of coal mined to
the life lost.
Shaw's Standard Gas Testing Instrument.
Four years ago the State furnished this office witli one of the aluivj^
instruments, whieh I find to be very valuable in determining the pe<
cent, of gas wliich may be givon off by the strata. In si'veral instances
to my knowledge the return air current was within two per cent, of
the explosion point, which T found by testing the return air on the
;ibove iiistnimont. and bv •jivuiL'" notice to the mino boss of the con
No. 11. THIRD ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 89
djtiou of tlie ail- current another split of air wouki be furuisiied, oi
tiie intake air current increased in volume so as to reduce the car-
buretted hydrogen in the current to one and one-half per cent,, as
was done in the above case.
This instrument is in use at a few of the collieries of this district
for making tests of the return air currents, which records are kept
in the office at the colliery for reference. It requires very little time
to understand the instrument, and to become proficient in making
tests with it, and 1 can recommend it to all coal companies in the
anthracite coal field as a valuable instrument in determining the
per cent, of gas in the air current.
Description of Accidents.
The total number of persons killed or seriously injured was 199.
Oi these, 49 were killed and 150 injured, which number, 1 am happy
to report, is 15 less in the fatal than was reported last year. The
causes in the majority of these accidents I have called attention to
in my report. The ioliowing is a brief account of how they oc-
curred:
Accidents No. 29 and '60. A. G. Mason, age 55 years, division su-
perintendent of the Lehigh Valley Coal Company, and William Wil
son, age 10 years, inside foreman of the Exeter Colliery, for the above
company, were fatally injured, dying the same day, and Kobert S.
Mercur, age 20 years, mining engineer, employed by the above com
pany, and Joseph Barrell, age 25 years, instructor in mining in the
Lehigh University at Bethlehem, Pa., were seriously injured by fall-
ing down the Knight shaft, located in the borough of Exeter, on July
twenty-sixth. On the above morning the four above mentioned men,
with Jacob Gates, the fire boss of the colliery, got on the carriage of
the second opening shaft and were lowered to the Fittston seam to
inspect some work that was necessary to be done inside before the
colliery would resume work, as the tower over the hoisting shaft was
undergoing repairs at this time. Mr. Barrel being on his vacation
and at Wilkes-Barre, went down with Mr. Mercur, as above stated, to
see the mine; the party arrived safe at the bottom. They had been
in the mine about an hour when they came to the foot of the shaft to
be hoisted to the top. The signal was given to hoist, but for some
reason tlie engineer did not start immediately to take the cage from
the bottom, as a pair of sliding doors over the mouth of the shaft had
to be opened to let the cage through, as this was the return airway to
the fan, and by looking up the shaft they could tell when the engineer
was going to hoist, and while doing so they detected a
part of one of the guides out of place twenty-three feet
from the bottom. Thev nil jrot off the carriage and sent
bO REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Ott. Duo.
it up empty to see if it would pass ilic biolien guide, wliicb, uu
fortunately, it did. They then signalled the engint^er to slack ou
again to the bottom, the carriage passing ovei- the displaced guide
ail right. They then held a consultation in regard to the danger, buL
came to the conclusion that it Jacob Gates, the hre boss, would get
on the cross-head of the carriage to enter the shoes of same, they
could pass all right. The signal was given the engineer to hoist,and tlie
lisk was taken. \\ hen they came to the displaced guide the hre boss
entered the top shoe all right, but the bottom shoe of the carriage
caught on the broken guide, causing the cage to get out of the con
ductors and the end of cage got under one of the buntings and broke
the uprights of the cage oh' close below the cross-head, which al-
lowed the cage and four men to fall to the bottom, a distance of 2,6
feet. The piece of guide which was broken was four feet long and
it would not have taken over a half hour to have repaired it and
made it safe, but they chose to take the risk with the foregoing re-
sult.
Accident iS'o. 33. James A. Bryden, age 02 years, inside foreman
for Pennsylvania Coal Company at A'o. 4 shaft, Pittston, Pa., was
killed by an explosion of gas on the morning of (September 10, ISUl.
On the above morning he had a couple of miners who were going to
start work in the Marcy seam, and he went with them to show them
the places to begin, as this. heading had been abandoned for a num-
ber of years and was now about to start up again. The fire boss,
Charles Norris, had made his examination in the part of the mine
where these men were going to work and found no gas and reported
the same to Mr. Bryden, who went with the men and marked oh" their
chambers for them. While he was in this part of the mine he thought
he would go through some of the abandoned workings, as he con-
templated starting a heading soon to cut oH some of the old roads
which had fallen. Leaving the men, he proceeded for some distance
in until he came to a division; passing through the door he came on
the air way which was the return for this split of air which he came
in on, and started to go along this gangway, but had proceeded but a
short distance when he encountered a body of gas which had accu-
mulated by reason of a recent fall on the heading road and which was
ignited by his lamp, ai> be had an open light with him at the time.
In a short time after the explosion parties of men went in search of
him and in coming to the division door through which he went the
staff was found which he carried, but it was impossible for the men
to go further on account of gas which had accumulated after the
explosion. Boards and canvas wore immediately juocured and a
temporary brattice erected along the airway road for a distance of
SO or 90 feet, when John B. Law came with the incandescent lamp,
wliich was put on by Alex. Law. and going in advance of the brattice
No. 11. THIRD ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 91
and over the fall he found the body of Bryden lying on the gangway
road. He was severely burned on face and hands, but undoubtedly
lost his life by the afterdamp, as he evidently got confused and went
the wrong way to a distance of 150 feet from where his staff was
found. He was a man of large experience in mining and had for a
number of years conducted mines that gave off large quantities of
gas.
Taking the Water out of the Pettebone and Hallstead Shafts.
In my report of 1893 the Pettebone shaft, operated by the Dela-
»vare, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, was reported
flooded to extinguish a fire caused by an explosion of gas. I there
fore wrote Superintendent Benj. Hughes, of the above company, for
information in regard to the taking out of the water and likewise to
give me the information regarding the Hooding of the Hallstead shaft
located at Dnryea and operated by the above company.
The following information was kindly sent to me for this report:
Scranton, Pa., Jan. 18, 1895.
Mr. B. Hughes, General Inside Superintendent:
Dear Sir: Referring to Mine Inspector McDonald's request for in-
foimation as to Pettebone and Hallstead.
We commenced hoisting the water at the second opening on May
twenty-third, 1894, and hoisted continuously in this shaft, excepting
on Sundays, and about thirty days lost for repairs of shaft timbers,
etc., until September 22.
A pair of iron tanks fitted to travel on the guides, each of a capac-
ity of 1.175 gallons, and arranged for automatic filling and self emp-
tying, were used. With allowance for leakage, etc., it is estimated
that they hoisted 1,100 gallons each trip.
The greatest number of tanks hoisted in one shift of eight hours
was 593. Daring the 75 days of actual hoisting, a total of 65,809
tanks were raised, or a daily average of 877 tanks.
As the water stood at the beginning 320 feet down the shaft, and
the total depth is 1,150 feet, the average hoist was 735 feet, and the
<iuantity nearly 1,000,000 gallons every 21 hours.
This hoisting was done with a pair of 30x60 slide valve direct con-
nected engines.
From July 6tli to 17th we also hoisted in the main shaft, using
wooden tanks placed on the regular carriages, one with a capacity of
530 gallons, the other of 750 gallons, or an average of 750 gallons.
Of these we hoisted a total of 8.194 tanks.
The total water hoisted is estimated from the above data at 78,
000,000 gallons. In addition to this, there were pumped from the
92 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
dips in the several veins, which would not how to the tanks, from
5,UUU,UUU to 1U,UUU,U00 gallons, making a total of about 85,000,000 gal-
lons corresponding very closely to the amount estimated as put in in
Kegarding the Hallstead. The water started to how into the mine
on the morning of September 21st, 1894, and by night was flowing at
from 2,500 to 3,000 gallons per minute. This inflow was caused by a
cave which extended over about 10 acres, and the cracks from which
were visible on the surface. As the ground affected is all underlain
with water bearing gravel through which the cracks extended, it
seems probable that the water comes through this gravel, partially
from the river and partially from the small streams which disap-
peared near the cracks on the surface. These streams have been
cttrried in flumes for some disiance, and this seems to have decreased
the flow in the mines.
In order to handle the water, it was necessary to introduce nine
pumps of various sizes, 250 horse power of boilers, lay about 5,000
feet of ten-inch and twelve-inch column pipe, and 0,000 feet of five-
inch and six-inch steam pipe, in addition to the pumping plant pre-
viously in use at the colliery.
These pumps were started one week after the breaking in of the
water and steadily lowered the water which had filled up the work
ings below, and part of the No. 9 level. The colliery resumed the
shipment of coal on November 21, 1804. The flow has decreased so
that it does not now average over 1,200 gallons per minute.
Colliery Improvements During 1894.
Some very important improvements were made at several of the
collieries during the year 1894, a few of which are described in de-
tail as follows:
Improvements by the Pennsylvania Coal Company.
At No. 10 shaft, Jr., a 20-foot Guibal fan was erected run by a hoi-i
zontal engine 14x30 inches, under a speed of 50 revolutions and half-
inch water gauge, exhausting 75,000 cubic feet of air per minute.
At No. 7 shaft a 20- foot Guibal fan was erected run by a horizontal
engine, 1(1x30 inch, directly connected, which gives very good re-
sults.
In the Hoyt shaft the second opening from the red ash to the
Marcy seam was driven through the rock strata between the seams
on a grade of 27 degrees a distance of 270 feet, with a sectional area
of 84 feet.
No. 11. THIRD ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 93
Improvements bj the Lehigh Valley Coal Company.
At the Oakwood shaft the second opening to the underground
slope has been sunk to the red ash seam a distance of 325 feet, with
a sectional area of 230 feet.
An underground slope was also sunk in the red ash vein a distance
of 614 feet on a grade of four and one-half degrees. This slope opens
up a large field of good coal for this colliery.
The Exeter breaker has been remodelled and enlarged and a new
tower erected over the hoisting shaft. The shaft has been repaired
from the top to the bottom and the inside workings placed in shape
for a large transportation of coal. The buildings at the second open
ing with the shaft have undergone complete repairs.
At the Wyoming Colliery a 15-foot fan was erected on the old
opening of the Hillraan shaft, which gives very good results; it is
rim by a horizontal engine 14x24 inch, and driven by belting.
Improvements by the Old Forge Coal Mining Company.
The Columbia shaft of this company was sunk from the Marcy to
the red ash seam, connecting with the workings of their Phoenix
shaft and completing the second opening for both shafts.
Improvements by the Butler Coal Company, Limited.
A slope was sunk by this company on the outcrop of the Marcy
vein to a depth of 200 feet on a grade of 18 degrees, sectional area
84 feet. The coal is taken to the breaker by a small locomotive.
Improvements by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad
Company.
A tunnel was driven in the Hallstead shaft from the second to the
third seam, a distance of 656 feet, area 6x12.
Improvements by the Algonquin Coal Company.
Two underground slopes were sunk in the Pine Ridge shaft, a dis-
tance of 1,100 and ."^OO feet respectively.
Improvement^! by John C. Haddock.
In the Black Diamond shaft a tunnel was driven from the Bennett
to the eleven foot seam, a distance of 200 feet, area 8x12. An inside
gravity plane was built a distance of 1.500 feet for transporting cnnl
to font of shaft.
34 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
ImprovemeDts by the Florence Coal Company.
This company sunk a shaft from the surface to the Marcy seam, a
distance of 227 feet. It has a sectional area of 220 feet. The coal is
taken to the Elmwood breaker by a small locomotive a distance of
1,033 yards. The second opening has not been completed at this
writing.
A 15 foot Guibal fan was erected on one of the compartments of
the shaft, w^hich is run by a horizontal engine 12x18 inches.
Improvements by Robertson and Law.
A new slope was sunk at the Katydid colliery from the surface to
the Checker seam, a distance of 200 feet, area 7x9, grade 18 degrees.
The coal from this slope is taken 2.000 feet to the breaker by a
locomotive. The workings are ventilated by the Consolidated slope
fan.
Improvements by the Babylon Coal Company.
A tunnel was driven from the top to the bottom split of the red
ash seam, a distance of 162 feet, area 7x12, to be used for transporta-
tion of coal.
Improvements by the Forty Fort Coal Company.
The 'llarrv E." shaft of this company w^as sunk from the eleven
foot to the red ash seam a distance of 220 feet, area 22x12 feet. The
second oprning shaft w^as sunk to Ihe red ash seam at the same time,
and a new 20 foot Guibal fan erected therein, run by a vertical en-
cine directly connected to fan shaft.
Improvements by the Delaware and Hudson Coal Company.
Two tunnels were driven in the Delaware shaft, one between the
Baltimore splits, a distance of 150 feet, the other to the Ross seam,
300 feet in length, to be used for transporting coal. Two air shafts
were sunk to a depth of 30 and 50 feet respectively, to air the work-
ings of these tunnels. Two inside slopes are being sunk on a 15 de-
gree pitch and are 100 and 180 feet down at present.
Improvement by the Mt. Lookout Coal Company.
F-lectric Power Plant, Mt. Lookout Coal Company, Wyoming, Penna.
The power house containing the generators and engine is a sop
aiate brick building ^orty by thirty feet, situated about two hun-
dred feet from +he mouth of the main hoisting shaft
and about one hnndied feet from the air shaft. The generatincr
plant consists of ono AT. P. 4. 100 Kilowatt. (135 H. V.) crenerator.
driven at a speed of 050 revolutions per minute and developing 575
No. 11. THIRD ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 95
volts at full load ; and one M. P. 4, 20 Kilowatt (27 H. P.) generator,
driA'en at a speed of 675 revolutions per minute and developing 550
volts at full load. Both generators are belted direct to one 16x18
inch single cylinder, automatic high speed engine, built by the J. H.
McEwen Manufacturing Co. The engine runs at a speed of 218 revo-
lutions per minute and receives steam at about 100 pounds pressure
fi'om the main battery of colliery boilers situated a short distance
from the power hous''. The generators are the standard multi-polar
type manufactured by the General Electric Company. A view of
the inside of the power house before the smaller generator was in-
stalled is shown in Fig. 1.
The larger generator furnishes current for haulage, drilling and
pumping in the mine: the smaller one furnishes current for arc and
incandescent lighting circuits on the surface; although by the use of
suitable switches, the smaller generator can be connected to the
pumping line as a reserve power in case of accident to the larger
one.
The current for the haulage, pumping and lighting circuits is dis-
tributed from two skeleton wood switchboards which are equipped
with Weston ammeters and volt meters and Carpenter enamel rheo-
stf^ts. The switches, circuit breakers, lightning arresters, etc., are
of the standard type manufactured by the General Electric Company.
The offices, engine and boiler houses, etc., are lighted by 16 c. p. in-
candescent lamps, while the breaker and surrounding grounds are
lighted by 2,000 c. p. arc lights. At present there are fifteen incan-
descent lamps and twenty arc lif^hts on the surface, although the
smaller generator is capable of furnishing current for double this
number of lights.
The conductors for the inside lines are suspended in the down cast
air shaft, and consist of No. 000 and No. 0000 Siemens lead covered
cables for fpeders and No. 0 bare wires for returns. The total depth
of the air shflft is about 300 feet. From the bottom of the air shaft,
the feeder lines are suspended along the main gangways parallel with
the trollev wire or through old workings or air ways. The feeder
lines in the mine consist of waterproof, rubber covered copper wire.
All feeder wires are run on glass insulators attached to roof blocks.
By referring to the map showing the plan of wiring, it will
be seen that the feeder line divides at the bottom of the
air shaft, one bran oh supplying current to the trolley wire
in the north workings and the other branch supplying
current to the trolley wire in the south workings. The
pump circuit follows the south branch of the feeder line until it
reaches the bottom of a slope at E. where it passes into the main air
\\u\. The north 1)i;inch of the feeder line is connoeted to tho trollev
line at D. which is about 800 feet from the bottom of the air shaft;
96 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc
the south branch is about 1,000 feet long and is connected to the
trolley wire at E. No. 0 hard drawn copper wire is used for the
trolley lines with bonded rail returns. The trolley wire is suspended
to oak roof blocks by a special mining ear which clamps the wire
instead of being soldered to it.
The haulage in the north working is done by one General Electric
Company's standard T. K. M. 15 locomotive with inside wheels. The
locomotive is equipped with two 15 H. P. waterproof motors, single
reduction, and is capable of exerting continuously a draw-bar pull of
1.500 pounds on a straight level track at a speed of six miles per
hour: at starting it will develop between 3,500 and 4,000 pounds
draw-bar pull without slipping it? wheels. The total weight of the
locomotive is about six and one-half tons. Its extreme dimensions
are 11 feet 4 inches long, 57 inches wide and 34 inches high. Fig. 2
gives a view of the locomotive in actual operation.
The total length of the gangway over which the T. M. M. 15 locomo
tive runs is about 2.800 feet: although, including sidings and turn-
outs, there is about 3,000 feet of trolley suspended in the north work
ings. The locomotive is making from 20 to 25 round trips per day,
hauling at present 7-car trips. The locomotive is capable, however, of
handling about twice this output. The grades on the gangway from
A to C on the map, are all against the empties, varying from a level
up to 2.8 per cent, as a maximum.
The haulage machinery in the south workings consists of one Gen-
eral Electric T. M. M. 25 locomotive with inside wheels. Tt is
equipped with two 25 horse power single reduction motors and is ca-
pable of exerting continuously a draw-bar pull of 2,500 pounds on a
straight level track at a speed of fi miles per hour: at startings, how-
ever, it can exert between 4,000 and 5.000 pounds drawbar pull with-
out slipping its wheels. The total weight of the locomotive is about
ten and one-half tons. Its extreme dimensions are as follows: length
over all 11 feet 4 inches, width over all 58 inches. heig|it above the
rail 34 inches. Fig. 3 shows the locomotive before it was placed un-
derground.
The maximum length of run in the south workings which the loco-
motive makes is about 1.200 ft., inrlnding sidings and turnouts, how
/>ver, there is about 1.800 feet of wire in the south workings. At pres.
ent the locomotive is making from 40 to 45 round trips per day. haul-
ing ten-car trips. The trips are made up in the entries. F. G. H and
I, as shown on the map: the locomotive pushing in n trip of ompties
and hauling out a trip of loaded. The heaviest work is done by the
locomotive in startin.fr the trip from these entries, as there is a sharp
curve and grade ajrainst the loaded. The mnin gangway from E to^
the branches H and T is rather uneven, the grades averaginir from
No. 11. THIRD ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. i>T
about one per cent, against the loaded to one per cent, in their tavor.
The mine cars weigh 3,0UU pounds unloaded and about 8,UUU poundss
loaded, and have a capacity of OU cubic teet. Eventually, the haul-
age line in the south workings is to be extended along tlie gangway
from H to K and through a rock tunnel to L, as sliown on the map.
W hen this is done, the branches F, (i and 1 are to be abandoned and
the locomotive will then make a trip over about 3,500 feet of track,
and haul about tlOO cars per day from the end of the rock tunnel at L.
jLuc electric pump is located in the workings off the branch i as
shown on the map. The pump is of the standard duplex, double
acting, piston type, manufactured by the Knowles Tump Works, and
is operated by a General Electric Company's waterproof shunt wound
motor developing about 15 horse power. The pump is capable of
throwing 300 gallons of water against 40 feet head, it has been
operating for over a year, doing duty twenty-three hours a day. it
requires attention only at starting and stopping and for occasional
lubricating. The speed of the pistons is absolutely constant, irre
spective of the amount of water thrown, and when the water in
slump hole or chambers falls below the mouth of the suction pipe,
the pump does not race, and hence demands no attention. Fig. 4
gives a view of the pump in its chamber.
in addition to the electric pumping and hauling machinery, the Mt.
Lookout Coal Company are operating two General Electric Company
A-4 rotary coal drills. The drills are being used in a low seam in
the southeast workings and are run from a circuit taken from the
circuit connected to the feeder lines in the main gangway. At pres
cut, the length of the circuit from the feeder line is about i,400 feet.
The drills are used in working a three-foot seam of coal and taking
up about two feet of slate bottom. In coal the drill makes about
six feet per minute with an inch and a half bit, and in slate or boney
it can drill about four feet per minute. The weight of each drill
complete with post is IGO pounds, the drill itself weighing 100 pounds.
A view of one of the drills is given in Fig. 5, where it is set up ready
for operation.
The Burning of the Annora Breaker.
At 3.30 on the morning of Tuesday, December 1, 1894, the large
breaker of the Annora Coal Company, located in the borough of Laf-
lin, was discovered to be on fire and was totally consumed, and all
the machinery more or less damaged or destroyed. The last coal
put through the breaker was in the month of August, 1894, the col
liery then closing down for the remainder of the year. A new coui
pauy had taken the colliery some time previous to the fire and were
7 11-94
9S REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
doing some repairs in and around the mine, as the breaker had been
placed in working order some time before with the expectation of
starting on the first of January, 1895, to prepare and ship coal. How
the fire originated is impossible to say, as there were no fires in or
around the breaker, nor had there been for some time previous. A
new breaker is in course of erection on the site of the old one, which
is expected to be ready shortly to prepare and ship coal.
No. 11.
THIRD ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
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Official Document, No. 11.
FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
(LUZERNE COUNTY.)
Wilkes-Barre, Pa., April 2, 1895.
Iloii. Isaac B. Brown,
Secretary of Internal Affairs:
►Sir: I have the honor herewith of presenting my fifteenth annual
report as Inspector of Mines for tlie Fourth district of the anthracite
region, for the year 1894.
It contains the usual tables and statistics relating to the accidents,,
and brief articles on the condition of the mines of each company,
with account of their production and names of all the officials.
]t also contains information relative to the improvements at the
mines and a description of some of the most notable accidents
which occurred during the year.
Very respectfully yours,
G. M. WILLIAMS,
Inspector of Mines, Fourth Anthracite District.
Tons of Coal Mined During the Year 1894.
Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company, 1,778,284 . 40
Delaware and Hudson Canal Comi)any, 1,262,838.55
Susquelianna Coal Company, 1,365,6(50.35
Kingston Coal Company, 683,813.75
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Kailroad Company, 470,379.45
Lehigh Valley Coal Company, 305,261.85
Red Ash Coal Company, 212,721 . 30
Alden Coal Company 193,514.20
Parrish Coal Company, 107,519 . 35
Plymouth Coal Company, 193,151.80
West End Coal Company, 224,526 . 95
HanoA'or Coal Company, 67,116.60
Hiliman Vein Coal Company. 77,306.40
A. J. Davis 117,824.60
Newport Coal Company 26,005.20
The Reynolds and Moyer Coal Comi)any, 30,191.40
Kidder Coal Company, 46,844.95
Total, 7,162,961. 10
118 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Number of Fatal Accidents and Tons of Coal Mined Per Life Lost.
f
Names of Operators.
Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company,
Delaware and Hudson Canal Compauj',
Susquehanna Coal Company,
Kingston I'oal Company,
Delaware, Lackawanna A Western Railroad Company,
Lehigh Valley Coal Company,
Red \sh Coal Co'.npany, . . '
Alden ('oal Company,
Parrish Coal Company,
Plymoutt' Coal Com pan \'^,
West End Coal Company,
Planover (^oal (-ompany,
Hill man Coal Vein Compan}-,
A. J. Davis,
Newport Coal Company
Reynolds & Moyer Coal Company,
Kidder Coal Company,
Total,
17
2
20
21
1
3
No life lost.
1
No life lost,
1
2
No life lost.
3
No life lost.
No life lost.
No life lost.
No life lost.
*71
104,605
631,419
68,283
32,562
470,379
101,753
193,514
193,151
112,263
25,768
100,886
Number of Non-Fatal Accidents and Tons of Coal Mined Per Per-
son Seriously Injlred.
N;imes of Operators.
Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company,
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company,
Susquehanna Coal Company,
Kington Coal Company,
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company.
Lehigh Valley < :oal Company,
Red Ash Coal Company,
Alden Coal Company,
Parrish Coal Company,
Plymoutii Coal company,
West Knd Coal Company,
Hanover Coal Company,
HiUman Vein Coal Company,
A. J. Davis,
Newport Coal Company,
The Reynolds A Mover Coal Company,
The Kidder Coal Company,
Totals,
x5_:
2®
27,358
90,202
28,451
24,421
22,399
19,078
70,907
24, 189
11,946
48,287
44,905
67,116
25.768
58,912
31,554
•The six faiol «iui six iion-t'.iiul ncoldents wlilcli uccurreU la new shafts, where no con! *a» piuJuced,
are not Includ d in itaes* tables.
no. 11. fourth anthracite district. 119
Classification of Fatal and Non-Fatal Accidents.
Causes of Accidents.
By explosions of tire-damp,
By tails of roof and coal,
By tailing down shafts,
Crushea and run over by mine-cars, . .
By exijlojsions of powder and blasts, . .
By miscellaneouis causes vmderground.
By miscellaneous causes on surface, . .
Totals,
O <B
77
7
33
44
68
2
7
59
4
23
6
27
7
23
233
Number of widows, 46; orphans, 182.
The Collieries of the Fourth District .
During the year 1894 there were forty-three breakers and sixty-six
openings at work more or less time, mining and preparing coal for
market in the Fourth Anthracite district. An average of 46,789
tens per day worked was produced, making a total production of
7,162,961 tons in an average work of 153.1 days.
The collieries in operation less than 153.1 days were those of the
Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company. The No. 3 colliery of the
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, which, after working 153
days, was destroyed by fire on the evening of November 15, and re-
mained idle the remainder of the year. The No. 3 colliery of the
Susquehanna Coal Company, where the production is not sufficient
to keep the breaker working all day owing to the partial exhaustion
of the mine. The Gaylord colliery of the Kingston Coal Company,
several weeks' idleness caused by the disastrous cave of February
13th. The collieries of the Lehigh Valley Coal Company, the Red
Ash Coal Company, the Parrish Coal Company, the Mafifet colliery of
the Hanover Coal Company, and the Warrior Run colliery of Mr. A.
J. Davis.
The Lee colliery of the Newport Coal Company did not work more
than 100 days. It was suspended on August 25th, and since then ha»
passed into the possession of another company. The Buttonwood
colliery of the Parrish Coal Company is an old mine enlarged and re-
oi)ened. It was lying idle since 1866. The shaft was enlarged and
sunk to a deeper seam and a new breaker was erected. It began
shipping coal in September, 1894, and worked 50 days until the end
of the year.
120 RK PORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
It is thus evident, that if the collieries would work full time their
producing capacity would exceed 14,000,000 tous per yeav.
Collieries of the Lehigh aud Wilkes-Barre Coal Compauy.
This company is the largest coal producer in this district. It oper-
ated ten collieries, consisting of seven shafts aud live slopes in 1894.
.\.il are large collieries, having workings of wide extent in several
seams. ^Vith the exception of ^O. 10 all are working deep parts of
the coal basin, where explosive gases are ev.olved in large quantities,
requiring immense volumes of air currents and great care in the
management. They are excellently ventilated and carefully con-
ducted, aud liberal provisions are made to insure safety in the event
of an accident occurring, which would disable the ventilating fans.
A'o standing gas is permitted to remain in any part of thj
\\orkings, and where such a large volume of air circulates, no satis-
factory excuse can be presented by any foreman for the presence of
standing gas.
In gaseous gangways, where the feeders of gas are copious and
lii'ble to ignite from blasts, water pipes are laid, with water under
high pressure ready to apply immediately to extinguish ignited
feeders, and it is frequently done.
The rocks constituting the roof and lloor are in most parts strong
and tenacious, and not much trouble has yet been caused by heaving
and pucking of the bottom rocks. In the localities where the roof
requires securing by timber, it is invariably done in a safe, strong
aud skillful manner. No where can better timbering work be seen
than in the mines of this company.
The greatest part of the wc rkings are in large coal seams, but lately
they begun to work the thin seams and have opened quite exten-
sively in them. Their gangways, airways, and hauling passages are
all large, clean and safely constructed, liaviujij ample room for the
passage of large air currents and for the drivers and runners of the
mine cars to travel along in safety.
During the last few years effective imi)rovemeuts have been made,
both inside and outside at their collieries, and at this time they are all
in highly satisfactory condition. They were employing af the end of
the year, 0,078 persons in iiud about tlie mines. Seventeen ])(M'sons
were killed and 05 injured during 1804. Most of these were caused
by falls of coal in the thick seams. Accidents of this character are
much more frequent in thick than in thin seams.
In an average of 121.58 days of work, they produced an average of
14,082 tons per day, or a tnlal of 1,778,284 tons. Of this. 1,700,068
tons were shipped to the markets.
"The Wilkes-Barre Coal and Iron Company was incorporated in
No. 11 FOIJRTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. -121
Juue, 1804, aud in January, 1874:, it was consolidated witli tlie Honey
lirooli Coal Company. Tlien the name was changed to "Lehigh and
\\'ilkes-Barre Coal Company/' The organization is conducted undei-
the charter of the Broad Top Mining Company, dated June, 1871,
which was absorbed a short time afterwards.
In 1877 the property was plac ,'d in the hands of receivers, who con-
tinued in control until January, 1882, when the company again ob-
tained possession. Jt is controlled by the Central Railroad Company
(►f NeAY Jersey, which owns nearly all of the stock and about -18,000-
000 of bonds.
The directors are J. Kogers Maxwell, Edward D. Adams, George F.
llaker, James A. Garland, Henry Graves, Calvin Pardee and Charles
Parrish.
The officers are J. Rogers Maxwell, president; Geo. F. Baker, vice
president; S. M. Williams, second vice president; Henry Graves, Jr.,
secretary and treasurer; VV. C. Johnson, general auditor; P. B. Heil-
ner, general sales agent; L. A. Powelson, assistant general sales
agent, and ^^^ T. Wintringham, superintendent of barges.
The Wilkes-Barre Coal and Iron Company was the owner of a large
Tract of land extending south from the city of Wilkes-Barre on each
side of the Susquehanna river. Its property included about 6,000
acres of coal land besides several thousand of timber laud. The
Honey Brook Coal Company was chartered in 1804 with a capital of
$.H,000,000. Its coal fields were very extensive, covering about 8,000
acres located in Luzerne and Schuylkill counties. At present the
Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company controls by ownership and
lease nj^wards of 40,000 acres of valuable coal lands, a large i^ortion
of which is undeveloped. Charles Parrish was president of both the
Honey Brook and Wilkes-Barre Companies and for several years re-
tained the same position in the new company, aud, during the time
the receivers had control of the property, he operated the collieries in
the Wilkes-Barre division under a contract.
At the time of the consolidation spoken of, the directors of the
Honey Brook Company were Charles Parrish, J. B. McCreary, John
Taylor Johnston, J. B. Johnston. Charlemange Tower, Samuel Bon-
nell, Jr., and A. L. Mnmper. The directors of the W^ilkes-Barre Coal
find Iron Company were Charles Parrish, John Taylor Johnston, John
I>eisenring, Samuel P.onnell, Jr., E. W. Clark and Jeremiah Skid-
more.
The mining officials at present are Elmer H. La wall, general super-
intendent; Moi-gan R. Morgan, inside su])erintendent; W. J. Rich-
ards, mining engineer; W. H. Herring, outside superintendent;
James Pollock, mechanical engineer; offices, Wilkes-Barre, Pa;
David R. Roberts, assistant superintendent, Audenreid, Pa.
A new colliery, to be known as Maxwell No. 20, is under construe-
122 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
tion at Ashley. The shaft and breaker will be completed ready to
ship coal in a few months, and this is expected to add about 2,500
tons per day to the already large producing capacity of this company.
The following is a list of their collieries and names of the foremen
in the Fourth or Wilkes-Barre district.
Hollenback No. 2, Rees W. Morgan, inside foreman; J. A. Connor,
outside foreman.
Empire No. 4, D. W. Davies, inside foreman ; Thomas Williamson,
outside foreman.
South Wilkes-Barre Nos. 3-5, J. F. Jones, inside foreman; T. B.
Robinson, outside foreman.
Stanton No. 7, Wm. M. Thomas, inside foreman; Jacob Rhinehart,
outside foreman,
Jersey No. 8, S. R. Morgan, inside foreman; C, L. Peck, outside
foreman.
Sugar Notch No. 9, H. N. Martin, inside foreman; Thomas Mack,
outside foreman.
Lance No. 11, William E. Jones, inside foreman; Dennis Moore,
outside foreman.
Nottingham No. 15, James D. James, inside foreman ; G. R. Connor,
outside foreman.
Reynolds No. IG, James Rowe, inside foreman; J. B. Wolfe, outside
foreman.
Wanamie Nos. 18, 19, Richard Lloyd, inside foreman; Thomas C.
Carr, outside foreman.
Maxwell No. 20, S. R. Morgan, inside foreman; D. C. Tiffany,
outside foreman.
Collieries of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company.
This company operated nine collieries in the Fourth Anthracite
district in the year 1894. Four of these are located in Wilkes-Barre
and five in the neighborhood of IMymouth. Besides these, two new
shafts are about completed, one near the Boston, and one north of
the No. 2 shaft, Plymouth, for the purpose of working the lower
seams in properties where the old collieries are working the upper
seams.
This company employed an average of .3,501 persons in and about
their mines during 1894, and worked 179.66 days. They produced
1.262,838 tons of coal, of which 1,243,151 tons was shipped to market.
This shows a producing capacity of 6,919 tons per day from their
collieries in the Fourth district.
Their mines in the Plymouth division are all, excepting the No. 4,
working the Bennett or overlying seams. The No. 4 only has worked
in the Red Ash and Ross seams; therefore, only a small proportion
of these lower seams is mined.
N'o- 11- FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 123
lu their collieries in the Wilkes-Barre division, the workings in
the Baltimore seam are nearly exhausted and the coal is mined at
present from the Red Ash, Hillnian and Kidney seams.
Of all the large coal producers, this company has maintained the
best record as to accidents for many years. Last year, in 1894, they
bad only two fatal and 14 non-fatal acidents in their nine collieries,
and mined 631,419 tons per life lost, a remarkably good record.
Their mines all have what is considered a safe roof, or top, except-
in;j: portions of the Baltimore No. 3 mine, where the roof in some lo-
cations is very bad. In past years there was a bad roof in sections of
the Ross seam workings in the No. 4 mine, Plymouth, but it is much
safer in the present workings. Taking all their mines in this dis-
trict, they require much less timbering and propping than the mines
of the other large companies.
Hitherto they have been remarkably free from explosive gases in
all excepting the Conyngham mine, and this in the last few years is a
small colliery since the workings of the Baltimore seam have been
tilled with water. Occasionally a small accumulation of gas is found
in each of their collieries, but the quantity evolving is merely a trifle
^hen compared with the volume emitted in the deepest mines of
other companies.
I'he ventilation is good and fairly conducted in the Wilkes-Barre
mines, and while the quantity of air forced into the Plymouth mines
is ample for the requirements, it is not as carefully conveyed to the
face of the workings as it might be. There is no standing gas any-
where in their mines — the mines that are in operation. The work-
ings of the Baltimore and Conyngham, which are filled to a height of
GO feet with water, may have some, but there is no one working in
them.
They have a large area of caved workings which cannot be exam-
ined, but it is in sections where no gas has been seen, and no sign of
any can be found around its outlines.
This company has a large proportion of experienced miners who
have been raised in their employ, and though they worked only
179.60 days at the breaker, more or less work was done every day,
nearly, by the miners and inside hands. Fewer accidents occur in
proportion to the coal mined during steady daily work than when
the work is done intermittently.
The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company was chartered by the
New York Legislature April 23, 1823, to construct a canal and rail-
road from the coal fields of Pennsylvania to the Hudson river at
Rondout, N. Y. The canal, extending from Honesdale to Rondout,
was completed in October, 1828. The state of New York, in 1827,
loaned its credit to the enterjirise to the amount of $500,000 and
again in 1829 for |200,000.
124 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
The company is largely engaged in mining and selling coal, but
the D. «fe H. Canal now forms a veiy small part of its transportation
facilities. This company operates a number of railroads aggregating
a length of 687,72 miles, together with the Delaware and Hudson
Canal from Honesdale to Kondont, a length of 108 miles.
The com})any's coal lands are scattered for a distance of 40 miles
in the ^^'yomiug and Lackawanna valleys, and the headquarters of
the coal department is now located in their new railroad depot
building at Bcranton, Pa.
The first mining operations were in the vicinity of Carbondale,
from which place a gravity road was built to carry the coal over the
mountains to Honesdale; it was finished in 1829, and the company
shipped 7,000 tons in that year.
Altogether they have thirty-three collieries in operation, nine of
which are in the Fourth inspection district. This company is not-
able for its conservative methods of mining and its cautiousness in
adopting new devices. The capacity of their breakers is not larger
than the producing capacity of the mines, but in most cases is rather
less. They are not what is understood as "hustlers," but with their
steady motion and safe mining })roperties. Ihey uiine coal cheap with
the best recoi-d foi- safety to the employes.
The mining operati(ms are in cliarge of the folh)wing officers: A.
H. Vandling, geneial su}>eriutend(Mit coal department; (\ H. Scharar,
chief engineer mine department; J. L. Atherton, general outside su-
perintendent; Andrew Xichol, general mine superintendtMit ; Andrew
r. Pattern, assistant mine superintendent Lack, division; W. L,
l'\x)te, assistant superintendent Wilkes-Barre division; E. R. Peck-
ens, assistant sujierinteudeiit Plymoutli division, and Alexander
Siui)>son, master mechanic.
The names of the collieries and of th- forenuMi in this district
are as follows:
P»altimore No. 2, .Tnm<>s Hhepherd, inside foreman; Elihu Smith
or.tside foreman,
Baltimore No. 3, William Armstrong, inside foi-eman; E, M. Brad-
shaw, outside foreman.
Baltimore tunnel, John (\ Williams, inside foicman; Ed. Macldn,
outside foreman.
Conyngham. Thomas Stoneham. inside forcMuan; .b»hn Bowers, out-
side foreman.
Boston, Owilym P. Evans, insi(l(> foi-eman: .las. ^\'. N'andling, out-
side foreman.
Plymoutli No. 2, E. H. Rees, inside foreman; E. I). Peckens, out-
side foreman.
No. 11. FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 125
Plymoutli No. 3, Job Habblett, inside foreman; Oscar Schnell, out-
side^ foreman,
Plymouth No. 4. Edward Hahn, inside foreman; John Dooley, oat-
side foreman,
Plymouth No. 5, I). J. Linskill, inside foreman; J. N. Atherton, out-
side foreman.
The board of managers of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com-
pi'.ny is as follows:
eJames Roosevelt, Robert M, Olyphant, Wm. H, Tillinghast, Alfred
Van SantVoord, James A. Roosevelt, Alexander E, Orr, Cornelius
Vanderbilt, Chauncey M. Depew, John A. Stewart, James W, Alex-
ander, James R. Taylor, Benjamin Brewster and Horace G. Young.
President, Robert M. Olyphant, New York city.
Vice President. James Roosevelt, New York city.
Second vice president. Horace G. Young, Albany, New York.
Treasurer, Charles A. Walker, New York city.
Secretary, F. IMurray Olyphant, New York city.
General sales agent. Thomas F. Torrey, New York city.
General counsel, David Wilcox, New York city.
General agent of real estate department, C, S. Weston, Scranton,Pa.
Superintendent of coal department, A. H. Vandling, Scranton, Pa.
Superintendent of Pennsylvani'i division, C. R. Manville, Carbon-
dale. Pa.
Collieries of the Susquehanna Coal Company.
The collieries of this company are located in Nanticoke and Glen
I.yon, near the western end of the Wyoming Valley. They had four
breakers, supplied with coal from seven mine openings, consisting
of two double shafts having four hoisting cages in each, one single
shaft having two cages, two slopes, and two level tunnels in opera-
tion during the year 1894.
They worked an average of lOO-.'^yi days and j^roduced 1,365,660 tons
of coal, or 7,174 tons per day. Of this 1,344,102 tons was shipped to
market. The number of persons employed in and about the mines
were 4,117. There were 20 fatal and 48 non-fatal accidents.
In the No. 3 West Nanticoke mine, though the coal was all taken
from ]Mllais, 88.769 tons were mined without one accident. The ad-
vancing woik of this mine is finished. Tn the No. 6 tunnel at Glen
lAon, one jierson only was injui'ed. All the other accidents occurred
in and about the other openings. Excepting the two mines named,
the operations ai'<^ in difficult and dangerous ground. The seams
arc irregular, faulty, and lying deep in the earth, where the volume
of fire damp emitted is exceedingly large. The roof is generally bad,
refjuiring a great amount of skillful timbering. The bottom rocks
aie, in the lowest seams, too soft to sustain the pressure of the pil-
126 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
lars and the weight of the strata resting thereon, and is heaving up
in the worked out parts, causing much trouble and expense to keep
the haulage and ventilating passages open and in good order.
With a view of obviating some of the difficulties peculiar to these
mines, the pillar and breast method of mining was changed to a kind
of block work. The change was gradually introduced as the work-
ings were driven on during the last four years. It is rather soon to
determine the effect of this change, but hitherto there has been no
perceptible effect on the number of accidents, as compared with the
quantity of coal mined. The future may show better results, and
we believe it will.
There are six coal seams simultaneously mined from the openings
at Nanticoke, and three in the No. 6 shaft, Glen Lyon, and all are
worked by the same method.
All are efficiently ventilated, and considering the great difficulties
peculiar to the territory in which they are mining, these mines are
kept in good condition. The officials are at all times willing and
ready to comply with the requirement of the law and to carry out the
suggestions of the Mine Inspector whenever it is necessary in order
to secure the safety of the employes. The manager and superinten-
dent have on several occasions urged the Inspector to exercise the
freedom of suggesting improvements tending to enhance the safety
of the mines, whether or not the law requires it, and this is freely
exercised.
The machinery and appliances at the collieries of this company are
all strong, efficient and of the most approved character.
The Susquehanna Coal Company is the largest producer of four
anthracite mining companies controlled through the ownership of
stock, by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. It was organized
March 15, 1869. The mining operations are under the supervision of
the following staff:
Irving A. Stearns, manager; George T. Morgan, superintendent;
J. H. Bowden, chief mining engineer; W. J. M. Turner, general inside
foreman; Michael Magee, assistant outside superintendent. Office,
Wilkes-Barre, Pa., and Nanticoke, Pa.
The names of the mines and the foremen are as follows:
Shaft No. 1, Lee seam, Daniel Daniels, inside foreman; James
Croop, outside foreman.
Shaft No. 1, Forge seam. David Griffiths, inside foreman; James
Croop, outside foreman.
No. 3, West Nanticoke, Lewis Morgan, inside foreman; R. P. Rob-
inson, outside foreman.
Shaft No. 2, Jacob Morgan, inside foreman.
Slope No. 4, John S. Lee, inside foreman.
S])nft No. 6, Isaac Britten, inside foreman; William Morgan, out-
side foreman.
ISTo. 11. FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 127
Tunnel No. 6, Worthy Carver, inside foreman; William Morgan,
outside foreman.
Slope No. 6, Thomas K. Williams, inside foreman, William Morgan,
outside foreman.
The chief officers of the Susquehanna Coal Company are as follows:
George B. Roberts, President.
Isaac J. Wistar, vice president.
George H. Koss, Secretary.
Thomas P. Havilaud, Treasurer.
Directors, George B, Roberts, Isaac J. Wistar, John P. Green, A. J.
Cassatt, N. P. Shortridge, Henry D. Welsh, William J. Howard, Amo8
R. Little, Samuel Rea.
Collieries of the Kingston Coal Company.
In the year 1863 the collieries now operated by the Kingston Coal
Company at Edwardsdale, Pa., Avere leased and operated by the firm
of Waterman and Beaver. They were then under the supervision
of the late David Morgan, who, in the year 1868, left the company,
and Mr. Daniel Edwards took charge of the operation. In the year
1877 the Kingston Coal Company, Limited, was organized and oper-
ated for six years. Then the Gaylord Coal Company was united,
and on August 8th, 1883, the Kingston Coal Company was chartered,
with a capital stock of one million dollars.
Jii 1894 they operated three breakers, five shafts and one slope.
Four of the shafts are located in Edwardsdale, and one shaft and one
slope in Plymouth.
They are working more or less coal from the Red Ash, Ross, Ben-
nett, Cooper and the Lance seams. Each mine has an extensive area
of coal laud to work from, and an operation of such a length of time
has a large area of old workings. Much of this is closed by caves,
but there is no gas existing therein, and all is safe.
The production for 1894 was 683,813 tons in a work of 175.98 days,
an average of 3,317 tons per day. The number of persons employed
was 2,162. The number of accidents was higher than usual, owing
to the disaster of February 13 in the Gaylord shaft, an account of
which is given in another part of this report. The record of the
Kingston Coal Company's accidents is higher than its neighbor's for
the last two years, when compared with the quantity of coal mined.
In Nos. 1 and 4 shafts, slopes are sunk to the dip, a distance of nearly
a mile. The lower workings in these slopes, in the Red Ash seam,
have dangerous top, but in the npper seams the roof is generally
better. A serious mistake made when sinking these slopes was, that
proper precautions were not taken to provide means for an efficient
ventilation of the lower workings.
While the quantity of air circulating through these workings is
128 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
ample for the few men employed there, the volume is not sufficient
for a larger number of workingmen. The attention of the officials
was called to this over a year ago, but hitherto only futile attempts
have been made to improve it. In July, the writer found that the
return air in the slopes of No. 4 shaft was charged with two per cent,
of explosive gas, and all had to work by safety lamps until the ven-
tilation was somewhat improved and the air made reliably safe.
The workings to the rise in all the seams are fairly ventilated, and
their general condition is satisfactory. The officers of the Kingston
Coal Company are as follows:
Daniel Edwards, president and superintendent.
William B. Chamberlain, treasurer.
E. 1\. Morgan, secretai'y.
Directors, Daniel Edwards, .John C. Bullitt, E. W. Dwight, T. L.
ISewell and W. B. Chamberlin.
Mr. Daniel EdAvards has acted as superintendent since the year 1868.
He is assisted by Morgan D. Rosser, who is directly in charge of the
Nos. 1 and 4 shafts, and by Gwilym Edwards, who has charge of the
Nos. 2 and 3 shafts, and of the Gaylord mine. The names of the
mines and of the foremen are as follows:
Shaft No. 1, David M. Jones, inside foreman; Thomas J. Morgan,
outside foreman.
Shaft No. 2, Lance vein, ^rordecai Dando, inside foreman; Wil-
liarii Cook, outside foreman.
Shaft No. 2, Bennett vein, .John D. Williams, inside foreman; Geo.
W. Edwards, outside foreman.
Shaft No. 3, Richard B. Watkins, inside foreman; Geo, W. Ed-
wards, outside foreman.
Shaft No. 4, .Tohn Armstrong, inside foreman; Thos. J. Morgan,
outside foreman.
Gaylord, D. W. Morris, inside foreman; Frank Trimble, outside
foi*('man.
Collieries of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Com-
pany.
(k)U(eining the history of this company, the following is copied
from the "Coal Trade Journal."
"Tliis company, which has a charter antedating the present Con
stitulioii of the State of l*ennsy]vania, is one of the few privileged
to caiiy on coal mining and selling, together witli ti-ansportation.
This was originally the Ligett's Gap Railroad, incorporated by
special act of Pennsylvania Legislature approved April 7, 1832, chai--
tered March 10, 1849; name changed by special act of Pennsylvania
Legislature. apj)roved April 14. 18.51. to Lackawanna and Western:
consolidated Ai)i-il 30. 1853, with the Delaware and Cobbs Gap Rail-
No. 11, FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 120
load (chartered December 4, 1850), and name changed to 'Delaware,
LackaAvanna and Western Raih-oad Company.' The road was open-
ed from Scranton to Great Bend October 20, 1851, and from Scranton
lo the Dehiware river May I'T, 1857. In 1850 a hnise was taken of the
Warren Raihoad, extending from the Delaware river to a junction
with the Central Railroad of New Jersey, the latter line Ix-iiig us(m1
]»rior to 1875 as an outlet to the Hudson river.
In 1868 a lease was taken of the Morris and Essex Railroad, which
lunv, with the Warren Railroad, forms this company's line to the
Hudson.
In 1855 a ])er}K'(ual lease was taken of the Cayuga and Susque-
lianna Railroad. In 1805) a lease was taken of the Oswego and Syra
cuse Railroad. In 1809 control was obtained of the Syracuse, Bing-
hiinipton and New York Railroad by the purchase of the major part
of its stock. In 1871 the Galley Railroad, extending from Great
Bend to Binghampton. was built in order to form a connection with
the Syi'acuse, Bingham])ton and New York Railroad, the Greene, and
the Utica, Chenango and Susquehanna Valley Railroad's leased lines.
fn 1873 the" Delaware, Lnckawanna and Western, and the Lacka-
wanna and Bloomsburg Railroad companies were consolidated. In
Septtmber, 1881, the company obtained control of the Sussex Rail-
road of New Jersey by the purchase of a major part of its stock. In
October, 1882, a lease was taken of the New York, Lackawanna and
^^'estern Railway, which extended the line to Buffalo. Total mileag'i
now oi)erated, 898 miles."
The coal lands of the company are located in Lackawanna and Lu
zeine counties, Pa. In 1894 it operated 24 collieries, two of which
are located in the Fourth district, viz: Avondale and Y^ oodward.
The pioduction of these two collieries for the year 1894 was 470,379
tons. Shipments 427,377 tons in a Avork of 169.15 days. Production
l)er day, 2,780 tons. Q^he number of fatal accidents was one, and of
non-fatal, 21. In the Avondale mine both the Red Ash and Ross
seams are mined. In the Red Ash seam the workings to the rise
from the shaft are nearly exhausted. More or less explosive gas is
found in the workings of both seams, but none standing. The roof
is generally good and so is the general condition of the mine. In the
No. 2 slope the ventilation is hardly adequate for the future work-
ings, but a new air shaft is in process of sinking for the purpose of
im])roving it, and this will be completed during 1895.
The Woodward Colliery began to ship coal in 1888, but it is now a
large colliery Avith extensive working in the Red Ash, Rossi. Bennett
and Cooper seams. The shafts are over 1,000 feet deep, and, in the
Bennett and Red Ash there are deep underground slopes extending
from the shaft levels. A large quantity of fire damp is evolved in each
seam. The roof is generally fair, except in the Red Ash seam, in
9-11-94
130 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
which, at some places it is very bad. At the deepest points of the
worliings the floor or bottom roclc heaves, causing much labor and
expense to keep the passages safe and in order. Hundreds of props
are broken merely by the upheavel of the bottom rock.
The ventilation is good throughout, and a large, new fan is in
course of construction to ensure its efliciency in the future.
The coal department of this company is located at ycranton under
the direction of the following officers:
W. R. Storrs, general coal agent.
W. H. Storrs, assistant general coal agent.
A. H. Storrs, superintendent.
John F. Snyder, "chief mining engineer.
Benjamin Hughes, general mine superintendent.
Thomas D. Da vies, assistant general mine superintendent.
Thomas Phillips, assistant general mine superintendent.
The foremen of the collieries are as follows:
Avondale, Evan J. Evans, inside foremen; T. D. Kingsley, outside
foreman.
Woodward, William O. Williams, inside foreman; Wm. Beacham,
outside foreman.
Bliss (new colliery), Edwin Rees, inside foreman ; Thomas H. Carey,
outside foreman.
The officers of the company are as follows:
President, Samuel Sloan, New York.
First Vice President, E. R. Holden, New York.
Second Vice President, W. S. Sloan, New York.
Secretary and Auditor, Fred. F. Chambers, New York.
Treasurer, Fred. H. Gibbons, New York.
Managers, John I. Blair, George Bliss, Eugene Higgins, William
W. Astor, William Rockfeller, Henry A. C. Taylor, J. Rogers Max-
well, George F. Baker, James Stillman, Alex. T. Van Nest, Frank
Worth, Hamilton McK. Twombley, Harris C. Fahnestock, F. W. Van-
derbilt.
Officers of transportation department:
W. H. Hallstead, general manager, Scranton, Pa.
G. Bogart, superintendent Delaware, Lackawanna and Western
main line, Scranton, Pa.
Jnraes Archbald, chief engineer, Scranton, Pa.
Collieries of the Lehigh Valley Coal Company.
The Lehigh Valley Coal Company was organized January 11, 1881,
to mine and sell coal. In 1884 the property of the Spring Mountain
Coal Company was purchased, and on June 1st, 1884, 45,000 acres of
land in Centre county. Pa., known as the Snow Shoe property, was
also purchased. Since then, various additions have been made to the
No. 11. FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. ISl
property, and it is owned entirely by the Lehigh Valley Railroad
Company.
Of the twelve collieries owned and operated by this company in
the Wyoming Coal Field, only two are located in the Fourth district,
viz: Dorrance and Franklin; both these collieries are located in
Wiikes-Barre, Pa.
The production in 1894 was 805,261 tons and the shipment was
280,(>83. Days worked 151.97, and the number of employes was 931.
Three were fatally and 16 seriously injured.
In the Dorrance colliery the Baltimore, Hillman, Bowkley and
Abbott seams are being worked. The workings are effectively ven-
tilated by two thirty-foot fans located one on each shaft. The roof
is generally good, needing but little work in timbering. The work-
ings across under the Susquehanna river are exceedingly dry and
dusty. The greatest need for care is to prevent accumulations of
fire damp, for a large quantity is unceasingly evolved, but in this they
have hitherto been successful.
The openings of the Franklin colliery are two main slopes, one on
the Baltimore seam, from which, by a tunnel through the upper
rocks three of the upper seams are also mined. The other slope is
sunk from the surface across the strata to the Red Ash seam on a
pitch of about 30 degrees. The Red Ash is in two parts, and both
are separately mined. Each slope has a separate system of ventila-
tion produced by a fan located on the upcast of each mine. An-
other fan is soon to be constructed to ventilate the upper seams of
the No. 1 slope. The workings of both slopes are in fair condition,
the roof is generally good, except in some localities in the Red Ash
seam, where careful timbering is required.
The officers in charge of the mining department are:
W. A. Lathrop, general superintendent.
T. R. Moister, division superintendent.
R. S. Mercur, division engineer.
Robert Shoemaker, outside district superintendent, Dorrance
colliery.
Joseph J. Jones, inside district superintendent, Dorrance colliery.
Thomas Samuel, mine foreman, Dorrance colliery.
Frank Eicke, outside foreman, Dorrance colliery.
Thomas R. Thomas, general mine foreman, Franklin colliery.
William N. Thomas, mine foreman, Franklin colliery.
Charles Lynn, outside foreman, Franklin colliery.
Pi'incipal officers of the company:
E. P. Wilbur, president, Bethlehem, Pa.
Henry S. Drinker, general solicitor and assistant to president.
Charles Hartshorne. first vice president, Philadelphia.
132 REPORTS OP" THP: INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
William H. Sayre, secoud vice piesideut, South Bethlehem, Pa.
John K. Fanshawe, secretary, Philadelphia.
John B. Garrett, treasurer, Philadelphia.
Israel W. Morris, general land agent, Philadelphia.
W. A. Lathrop, general superintendent. AVilkes-Barre, Pa.
Directors, Kobert H. Sayre, George H. Myers, Joseph Wharton,
Thomas McKean, Beauveau Borie, John B. Garrett, Wm. L. Conyng-
han), James I. Blakslee, C. O. Hkeer, Charles Hartshorne, W. A. Ing-
ham. John R. Fell.
Collieries of the Miscellaneous Coal Companies.
Beside the collieries commented on in the foregoing articles, there
were twelve collieries oi)erated by smaller companies in the Fourth
district. These together produced 1,29(5,722 tons of coal and shipped
to market 1,192,80G tons, in an average of 129.70 days of work. They
employed 3,890 persons and mined 185,24(> tons of coal per life lost.
Three of the seven fatal accidents took place in the Hillman vein
colliery, two in the West End, and one each in the Alden and Dod-
son collieries. The Nos. 1 and 2 collieries of the Red Ash Coal Com-
pany, the Parrish and Buttonwood, of the Parrish Coal Company, and
the Maffet, Warrior Run, Lee and Chauncey, did not have one fatal
accident.
These mines are all in safe condition and efficiently ventilated,
^loie or less firedamp is emitted in each, but not in such quantities
as we find in the deeper mines. They are working closer to the out-
crops where the roof is generally better than in the deeper portions
of the basin.
The names of the collieries and of the officers are as follows:
Nos. 1 and 2 Red Ash Coal Company.
M. B. Williams, general superintendent, W'ilkes-Barre, Pa.
P. H. Ganahan, assistant general superintendent, Wilkes-Barre,
Pa.
Daniel J. James, mine foreman No. 1 Red Ash.
Joseph Hopie, outside foreman No. 1 Red Ash.
Timothy Theopilus, mine foreman No. 2 Red Ash.
John Herriotts, outside foreman No. 2 Red Ash.
Officers of the Parrish Coal Company.
IT. H. Ashley, general superintendent. Plymouth, Pa.
Thomas R, Evans, general mine foreman, Plymouth, Pa.
Parrish colliery, Henry G. WMlilams, inside foreman, Plymouth,
i:a.
Parrish colliery, Thaddeus Eddy, outside foreman, Plymouth, Pa.
Buttonwood colliery, Wm. T. Pritchard, inside foreman.
Buttonwood colliery, Merrit Frederick, outside foreman.
No. 11. FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 133
Officers of the Alden Coal Company.
K. M. (Smith, general superintendent, Alden, Pa.
Wm. H. Bray, mine foreman.
William (^hl, outside foreman.
Officers of the Pl^inouth Coal Company.
James B. Davies, general superintendent, Plymouth, Pa.
John B. Davies, assistant superintendent.
Paniel K. Davies, mine foreman.
•J. C. Young, outside foreman.
Officers of the Hanover Coal Company.
J. Roberts, Jr., general superintendent, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Daniel Lewis, general mine foreman.
J. Willard Good, mine foreman.
Lee Minnick, outside foreman.
Officers of the Hillman Vein Coal Company.
S. J. Tonkin, general superintendent, \\'ilkes-Barre, Pa.
Hugh Jones, mine foreman.
Stanley J. Tonkin, outside foreman.
Officers of the Warrior Run Colliery.
A. J. Davis, general manager, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
John C. Jones, general superintendent. Peely, Pa.
William ^^. Williams, mine foreman.
K. F. Lloyd, outside foreman.
Officers W^est End Coal Company.
L. L. Sarge, general superintendent, Shickshinny, Pa.
Henry Adams, mine foreman, Shickshinny, Pa.
Jonathan Weir, mine foreman, Shickshinny, Pa.
W. A. Briggs. outside foreman, Sliickshinny, Pa.
Officers of the Reynolds and Moyer Coal Company.
C. n. Reynolds, general superintendent, Kingston, Pa.
M. H. Corgan, mine foreman.
Colliery Improvemiwta in 1894.
Notwithstanding the depression in the coal trade during 1S04, im-
portant imjirovements were made at a number of the collieries of
this district, a detailed account of which is given in the following:
134 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company.
Hcllenback No. 2 Colliery —
Return airway in rock from the Diamond basin; 12x8x400 feet.
No. 2 Red Ash slope being sunk in coal in the bottom split vein.
Annex on east and west side of breaker for the preparation of
stove and chestnut coal.
South AVilkes-Barre No. 5 Colliery —
No. 1 airshaft has reached the vein; o7xl2x(i50 feet.
Tunnel has been driven from Stanton to Hillman vein.
Rock slope finished from Hillman to Baltimore veins and second
openings in rock finished to same.
New fan, 35 feet diameter, has been erected at No. 5 shaft.
Erected 250 horse power Stirling boilers.
Erected 500 horse power National boilers.
Erected 470 feet of 8-inch steam line to fans.
Sugar Notch No. 9 Colliery —
Main airway enlarged to 90 square feet; 1,050 feet in length.
Ross slope extended in rock 120 yards.
Tbnnel, Twin to Ross veins.
Lance No. 11 Colliery —
Rock slope to Ross veins finished; sunk a distance of 400 feet this
year.
No. 2 airshaft completed to Ross vein, and second openings are
no:v being driven to connect with the rock slope workings.
No. 12 plane partly in coal and partly in rock has been finished.
No. 2 slope in coal has been finished.
Erected 250 horse power National boilers.
Erected 430 feet extra steam line to fans.
Nottingham No. 15 Colliery —
The Ross slope is being extended in rock through the anticlinal.
The Red Ash No. 3 slope is being extended in coal.
Erected one 24 feet by 8 feet Guibal fan on No. 1 airshaft.
Erected 300 horse power Stirling boilers.
Ei'ected 4,000 feet 8-inch steam lines to fans.
Wanamie No. 18 Colliery —
No. 5 slope is being sunk in coal in the Ross vein.
Tw » bore holes, 200 feet deep each, have been put down for hoist-
ing and pumping purposes.
No 19 slope has been sunk in coal almost to the basin.
Erected one pair geared engines, 18x30-ineh, with 8xl0-foot drums.
N"o. 11. FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 135
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company.
No. 2 Baltimore —
A new double fan was erected, 17^ feet diameter, enclosed in brick-
work, and an underground slope was driven to a depth of 700 feet,
which is still being extended.
lioston —
The new shaft was sunk to a depth of 475 feet, and its sinking is
continued. It is 12x33.5 feet, and has passed through three coal
seams.
No. 5 Colliery —
The new shaft was sunk to a depth of 725 feet during 1894, and its
sinking was continued. Its size is 10|x33 feet.
Susquehanna Coal Company.
Five new tunnels were driven in the mines of this company:
One 8x14 feet and 800 feet in length from the Ross to the Twin
seam.
One Sxl4 feet and 400 feet in length from the Hillman to the Hill-
man seam.
One 8x12 feet and 200 feet in length from the Forge to the Forge
seam.
One 8x34 feet and 800 feet in length, from the Forge and was unfin-
ished at end of year.
Oni- 8x14 feet and 500 feet in length, from the Mills to the Mills
seam.
Three of the underground slopes were extended. The No. 10 slope
was ext'-nded a length of 2,000 feet. No. 12 was extended 500 feet,
and No. 13 1,500 feet.
Five new gravity planes were made, varying in length from 200 to
1,500 feet. These improvements open new areas of coal property in
each of the seams.
Improvements by the Parrish Coal Company.
The underground slope on the Baltimore seam in the Parrish col-
liery was extended a distance of 900 feet, making the total length of
this slope 2,316 feet.
Improvements by the Alden Coal Company.
A new air shaft was sunk for the Alden colliery from the surface
to the Cooper seam, a depth of 612 feet. Its sectional area is 416
sqiiure fert. A new fan, 24 feet diameter, is in progress of construc-
tion. The engine is 20x36 inches, directly connected. This will be
applied to ventilate the north basin workings of the property.
13G REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Improvements by the West End Coal Company.
,\ new slope was opened at the West End colliery on the Ked Ash
seani and sunk to a depth of 500 feet, having an average grade of 10
degrees. ^Mleu completed it is expected to be about 8,000 feet in
depth.
Improvements at the ^^'arrior Kun Colliery.
A new Ian was erected at this colliery to replace an old one. It is
20 feet ill diameler, run by an engine llMncli diameter, directly con-
nected. At a speed of 02 revolutions per minute 86,000 cubic feet of
air is exhausted, the water gauge being 1.8 inches.
The Buttonwood Colliery.
This was an old colliery and was abandoned in 18GG after working
but a short time. Tlie Parrish Coal Company re-opened it under a
lease from the Lehigh and Wilkes- Barre Coal Company. During the
years 1892, 1893 and 1894. The shaft was enlarged to a size of 32x12
feet and sunk through four coal seams, the lowest of which is cut at
a depth of 080 feet, which is the present depth of the shaft. They are
working the two lower seams, viz: the Hillman and Bennett.
.\n air shaft was sunk from the surface to the Hillman seam, a
dei)th of 57-1 feet, having an area of 12x22 feet. The two lower
seams are connected also by a tunnel 370 feet in length. A tunnel is
I eing driven to the Kidney seam, which was driven a distance of 42
feet at (he end of the year. When this is completed, the workings of
the three seams will be connected to (he air shaft, which is the
second opening.
A new 24-foot fan Avas erected on the top of the air shaft, run by
an engine 20x30 inches, directly connected. At 48 revolutions it is
exhausting 93,000 cubic feet of air ]>er minute, with a pressure of
.7 inch water gauge.
The new breaker was completed and s(ar(ed to ship coal in Septem-
ber, 1894. It is substantially buil( and cciuipped with the best kind
of machinery, and every dangerous part is protected by railing or
covering, as the law reijuires. At the shafts and breaker iliere are
three pairs of hoisting engines, aggregating 2.170 liorse power.
Concerning the history of the Old Budoiiwood colliery and the
cause of its abandonmenl, the following account was kindly fur-
niylied liy .Mr. .Tames E. Koderiek. who was in charge at that time.
Stockton, I'a.. Febrnary 2S. 1895.
Mr. C. ^\. Williams.
Inspector of (-oal Mines:
My Dear Sir: Yours of the 20tli received. In re])ly will say that in
\ho early part of 18<;f; .Tohn T. (iriitith se<-ured Ihe contracl of But-
tonwood shaft to put the coal on big cars at so much per ton, Some
N-0. 11. FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 137
time in the summer of that year an explosion of gas took place which
shattered the shaft and inside workings, killing all the men in the
mine, viz, three. The gas exploded from a furnace located near the
bottom of llie shaft. During the laic fnll of IStiC, J. T. Griffith was
iii;;d(' the general inside superintendent of the Lehigh and Wilkes-
IJarre Coal Company, and he delegated me (at the time the mine
foreman of the Empire shaft) to go to Buttonwood and repair the
damage made by said explosion and prepare the place for work. I
arranged a new fan, near top of shaft, timbered and relined the shaft
from top to bottom, cleared the inside workings of gas, reopened the
airways, timbered airways and gangways, etc.; in fact, made the
place safe. While doing all that work we used only safety lamps.
Afterwards we discarded the safety lamps and worked on for wrecks
getting the inside ready to start to mine coal. John T. Griffith's con
tract having been assigned to me.
When we considered everything ready to start work, and being the
last day until the breaker would start, w-e decided to qui^ early on
that day. as the men had worked hard and faithfully while at this
dangerous work. We went back to shaft, on cage and were hoisted
to the surface. Every person having his naked light on his hat. I
stepped off the cage at surface, and went towards engine house,
which was only a short distance from shaft. On my way I met Big
Bill, the engineer, who was going towards the top of the shaft. Just
as I entered the engine house I heard a loud report and looked out,
when to my horror, I saw the timbers, top of shaft, fan and every-
thing movable going up into the air. Before I recovered myself two
more explosions took place. As soon as possible I ran down to top of
shaft, and behold all the men that came up with me (eight in number,
and also Big Bill the engineer,) were horribly burned and rolling in
the black coal dirt. The only living person whom I remember was
with me w-as James McDade, now of your city. Of the others I only
remember Joshua Da vies, late of Wilkes-Barre, and Big Bill, the en-
gineer.
You may ask. what caused the explosion? Where did the gas
come from?
Undoubtedly the explosion was caused by gas coming in contact
with the men's naked lights on the surface, while taking their tools
off the cage. Where the gas came from is not so easy to answer,
as there was not a lampful of gas in any part of the mine when we
("nme out. .Joshua Davies. our fire boss, and a better man could
not be found, had made a thorough tour before we left the mine.
In my humble opinion, the gas that caused this explosion r>am(*
from old workings abandoned and wnlled in about ninety feet from
the bottom of the shaft. T think n fall must have oceurred in somo
138 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
I)ait of these old workings, the force of the air from said fall burst
the brick walls about the shaft, allowing this confined gas to escape
up through the shaft. During the winter of 180G and 18G7 I was sent
again to Buttonwood by J. T. Griffith to take out the pumps, column
pipes and pump rods. This was accomplished without anj- loss of
life and but a slight injury to one person. All this work was done
without even the aid of a safety lamp — all by s.^nse of feeling and
knowing the place perfectly well.
Of the men with me doing this work, I can think of only two, the
late John Lewis, Newtown, now Rolling Mine Hill, Wilkes-Barre, and
the late William Richard, of Warrior Run, then of Wilkes-Barre.
I think the shaft was sunk in 1859 and 1860.
Very truly,
JAS. E. RODERICK.
The Revival of the Chauncey Colliery.
The name of this colliery reappears this year among the list -of
producing collieries. It was abandoned at the close of 1886, the old
breaker rotted down, and from appearances, it was permanently
abandoned. The Reynolds and Moyer Coal Company, Limited, leas?d
the culm bank and erected a separator. Subsequently a lease on the
coal remaining in the old mine was obtained and a small breaker was
erected, which started to ship coal at the end of the year 1894. The
chief part of the coal production reported this year came from the
culm bank, but the old tunnel is being reopened and also the work-
ings of the Ross seam. A small fan was erected to produce ventila-
tion, and the mine will soon be in shape to furnish coal.
The Maxwell Colliery No. 20.
This is a new colliery being opened by the Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre
Coal Company. The sinking of the shaft was started in 1892. Its
size is 54x12 feet. In 1893 the sinking was suspended, but it was re
sumed after a few months. At the end of 1894 the shaft had passed
the Baltimore seam and was at a depth of 820 feet. The depth to
the Baltimore seam is 648 feet. From this point to the Red Ash
seam the size of the shaft is reduced to 37x12 feet. Connections arc
already made to the Bnltimoro seam workings, from which tunnel^^
have been driven to work the upper lifts of the Ross and R/^d .\sh
seams.
A slope lias also been sunk from the surface to a depth of 635 feet
on the Hillman seam.
The immensely large breaker is completed and fully equipped with
machinery ready to prepare and ship coal as soon as the shaft is com-
pleted.
No. 11. FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 139
The Bliss and Auchincloss Nos. 1 and 2 Shafts.
These three shafts are the property of the Delaware, Lackawanna
and Western Railroad Company, located in Hanover township, about
8 miles southwest of Wilkes-Barre city. They were started in 1892.
The three are of equal size, being 12x43 feet 2 inches. At the close
of 1894 the Bliss shaft was completed to the bottom of the Red Ash
seam at a depth of 904 feet. The two Auchincloss shafts at this
time were at a depth of 85 J feet each, and were connected under-
ground by a passage driven in one of the coal seams passed. They
are still sinking. A slope is being sunk on the Ross seam from the
old Hanover tunnel gangway to effect a second opening in this seam
for the Bliss shaft, and the old Hanover slope was reopened on the
Baltimore seam, from which a gangway is being driven to make con-
nection in that vein. The pitch in both these slopes, in some parts,
is as steep as 55 degrees.
A breaker is in progress of construction at the Bliss shaft which
will be completed early in 1895.
The following, furnished by Mr. A. H. Storrs, superintendent, gives
a detailed account of the machinery and improvements made at these
shafts during 1894:
Bliss Shaft.
During the early part of 1894 there were put in operation at this
new shaft a pair of first motion hoisting engines, and with them the
sinking of the last 200 feet of the shaft was done. The shaft sinking
is now completed, the Red Ash vein having been reached at a depth
of 888 feet, and the work of opening out the several veins is now
progressing.
The engines above referred to are a pair of 36-inch diameter by
48-inch stroke slide valve engines, directly connected to a drum
shaft 19 inches in diameter and 18^ feet between bearings. On this
shaft there are a pair of conical drums 9 feet diameter at small
end, and 13 feet diameter at large end, with a cylindrical extension
at large end.
One drum is keyed fast to the shaft: the other is fitted with a
clutch admitting of the adjustment of the ropes to permit of hoisting
in balance from the intermediate veins in the shaft. Each drum will
coil 1,269 feet of 14-inch diameter rope. The engines are fitted with
the 'Toore" balanced slide valves, and with steam reverse so ar-
ranged that the motion of the reversing engine exactly follows that
of the hand lever, permitting of linking up if desired.
A novelty for this region is the use of the "Gooch" valve motion,
which seems to have peculiar advantages for this service.
Two brakes are provided, one on each drum. These engines have
been sot in n brick house with iron roof trusses and roof covering.
140 REPORTS OF THE INSPE«TORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
A slope is being sunk on the Ross vein from the old Espy tunnel
gangway to make connection with the Bliss shaft. This is operated
by engines on the surface through a bore hole. The two old Espy
slopes have been pumped out and gangways are being driven east
and west from them.
Auchincloss.
At this colliery two new hoisting plants have been installed during
the year, and are now being used to complete the shaft sinking.
The shafts are now down about 900 feet each. The engines at the
main shaft are a pair of 36-inch by 48-inch slide valve engines, the
same as described for Bliss, excepting that the drums will each coil
3,800 feet of l^-inch rope. These drums are of same diameter as
those at Bliss, but of wider face.
At the second opening are a pair of 32-inch diameter by 60-inch
stroke engines with Corliss valve motion, being the first engines of
this type to be used for hoisting in this region. The cut-off on these
engines is controlled by a governor which takes control of the en-
gines upon their reaching the maximum speed, about 3,000 feet per
minute in the shaft. When running at lower speeds, the engineei"
has the same control of the engines with throttle and reverse as in
the usual slide valve type.
The drums on these engines are conical, 11 feet 8 inches diameter
at small end, and 15 feet, 10 inches diameter at the large end, with
cylindrical extension at the large end. They will coil 1,800 feet of
l-]-inch rope each.
One drum is fitted with a clutch, the same as on the '*Bliss" en-
gines. As wnth the others, they are fitted w^ith steam reverse, and
two brakes, one of which in this case is operated by steam.
During the early summer, the two shafts at the Auchincloss were
walled with concrete, from the rock to the surface, a height in one
shaft of somewhat over 100 feet, and in the other of about SO feet.
The average thickness of these walls is four feet, and the shafts
are 1^2 feet by 43 feet 2 inches inside of walls. The concrete was
machine mixed and as many as 1,200 barrels of material, stone, sand
and cement were used in 12 hours, making 5 feet height of wall all
around the shaft.
Breaker No. 3, Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. Destroyed by
Fire.
At about seven P. M., Thursday. November 1.^, 1894, fire was dis-
covevvTl in the pump room at the main No. 3 shaft of the Delaware
and Hudson Canal Company, and every effort made to extinguish it
fnilod. Tb'' breaker, pump room, engine nnd boiler houses were
NTo. 11. FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 141
completely consumed, and the machinery was all irreparably dam-
aged.
There wert ten men working in the mine, but all escaped through
the Boston shaft without injury. The workings of the two mines are
connected.
The fan in the second opening was stopped and the hoisting shaft
beneath the fire was converted to an up-cast. No smoke entered the
mint^ workings.
The next morning the company made preparations to build a new
breaker about 300 feet west of the location of the old one, which is,
by this time, about half finished and will be completed in April or
-May, 1895. The new breaker is to be covered with sheet iron instead
of boards. The engine house will be of brick, and only a simple
frame will be erected over the shaft.
A Singular Accident and IJappy Escape at the South Wilkes-Barre
Colliery.
The New York Retail Coal Dealers' Association visited the Wy-
oming coal field, about 120 in number, and on Thursday, May 24, un-
der the guidance of the officials of the Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal
Cv mpany, they started early in the morning to make an examination
of the South Wilkes-Barre colliery. After making a cursory exam-
ination of the boiler plant, consisting of three batteries of high pres-
sure water tube boilers of 750 horse power and twelve cylindrical
boilers, they examined the 35-foot fan and the hoisting engines and
outside arrangements. While some were going to see the breaker,
the others desired to see the interior workings of the mines.
When ready, nine visitors, in charge of Superintendent Morgan,
desc.'uded the shaft on the first cage. The second party of nine, in
cluirge of .John F. Jones, tlu^ mine foreman, was dest^ending, when,
to the consternation of all on surface, one of the cylindrical boilers
exploded with a loud report. All the hoisting engines and fan at
both shafts were instantly made powerless. The flying boiler and
debrit; had broken all the steam pipe lines. Fortunately, Mr. Elmer
H. Lowall, the general superintendent, and Mr. W. J. Richards, chief
mining engineer, find other o/ficials were at the head of the shaft.
Every available man was set to work at once to repair. In fifteen
minutes, by i)lugging a steam pipe, they were able to run the hoist-
ing engines^ of No. j:, and all the men were hoisted out. The visitors
ond over 400 workingmen were in the No. 5 shaft, 1,068 feet deep,
which is the gassiest mines in the country, and no hope for ventila-
tion for an hour at least.
On losing steam the engineer applied the brake and stopped the de-
scending cage within about Jn feet of the bottom, fortunately oppo-
142 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
site a hole through the ];uriition to the ladder waj. The foreman
led the visitors on to the ladders and to the bottom. He and Super-
iuiendent Morgans were there, both cool and experienced. They
learned the siLuatiou by telephone, and ordered the top men to pour
water down th'. shaft compartments at once. This thought and or-
der saved over 401) lives. It was executed promptly, and the first
stream was pouring down in six minutes. The air current had al-
ready reversed and would have come to the bottom of the shaft in an
explosive condition in fifteen minutes. Messengers had been sent to
all parts to call the workingmen out, and to see that no lighted lamp
was forgotten. The visitors were told to climb the ladders, and
every workman, as soon as he came, was sent up the same way.
It was raining heavily, and a large stream of water running down
the street was turned into the shaft. It had been utilized once be-
fore to flood a fire, and that made it easy to turn in now.
From some cause, at this time, the telephone failed to work, and
uo information could be obtained on surface as to the situation below,
and those ^\ho realized the awful situation trembled with fear and
anxiety.
There were 56 flights of steps to climb, in 20 feet lengths, having a
platform at each length, and a vertical height of 1,008 feet from bot-
tom of shaft to the surface.
In a short time the boys and younger men reached the top, and
said that all the men would come up the ladders; that the visitors
were on thr. way climbing courageously. Shortly after, parties came
and reported that the water made a good current of air, and that
all the men were out of the faces and on the way out
The officials understood that the small current caused by the falling
water could not be sufficient to dilute the gas exuded, and that the air
in the returns and up-cast, most probably, was explosive. In about one
hour the steam pipe leading to the fan was repaired, but after a con-
sultation of the officials, the Mine Inspector concurring, it was
deemed best not to start it until all the men were out. If a lighted
feeder existed, an explosion might be caused by starting the fan and
thereby moving a body of gas upon the lighted feeder. It was evi-
dent that starting the fan without first knowing the condition in the
mine would be risky and would not increase the safety of the men, so
it was not put in motion. Of course, an explosion might take place
from a feeder burning, without starting the fan, or some person
might thoughtlessly put his lighted lamp to a crevice in the partition
between the ladderway and the up-cast and cause an explosion; but,
fortunately, nothing happened and all came out safe. To see the
mine foreman, John F. Jones, Superintendent Morgan R. Morgans,
and the fire bosses appear on the surface was an assurance that all
were out, and it was a happy relief and intense satisfaction to every-
N'o- 11- FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 143
body. It was peculiarly fortunate that the New York coal agents
were there, for their presence had been the cause of the presence of
all the mine officials. Mr. Lowall, Mr. Richards, Mr. Herring, the
general outside superintendent were on the surface, and Morgan R.
Morgans and John F. Jones and firebosses were at the foot of the
shaft. All were in the best position to cope with this emergency, and
all worked well and no mistakes were made.
Electricity of Trolley Roads Found in the Mines.
During the latter part of 1894, in the manner described in the fol-
lowing, furnished by the ofScials of the Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre
Coal Company, it was found and determined by elaborate experi-
ments that in all the mines located between the electric railroad and
the power plants, the pipes in the mines are charged with the elec-
tricity of these roads on its return to the power plant. The explana-
tion and tables of the result of the experiments are here presented:
144
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No. 11. F'OURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 149
Possible Gas Explosion Due to Trolley Currents.
\\ hile eugaged iu iustalliug the pipes of the Shaw mine sigualiug
apparatus at South Wilkes-Barre No. 5 colliery, one of the workmen
reported that he had received an electrical shock. He was standing
in water at the time at a point 8,000 feet from the foot of the shaft,
and had placed his ear to the pipes iu order to listen for a signal.
Experiments were then made with an ordinary magnetic needle, which
proved conclusively the existence of an electrical current. The cur-
rent was traced to the foot of the shaft and from the shaft to the sur-
face to the operating room of the signaling apparatus. A bell of
high resistance having been connected between the pipes of the
Shaw system and the Wilkes-Barre Gas Company's mains, a strong
current was found to be passing, and in order to determine its origin
a number of tests were made in the vicinity. At a dwelling 500 feet
distant from the colliery the pipes of the Crystal Spring Water Com-
pany and the Wilkes-Barre Gas Company were used as the poles and
a strong current shown. Here the water pipe was positive to the gas
pipe negative. This test proved that the current originated outside
the colliery, and the indications were that it was due to leakage from
the lines of the Wilkes-Barre and W^yoming Valley Traction Com-
pany. The Traction Company's electrician having been notified,
after visiting and testing various portions of the mine, also ar-
rived at this conclusion.
South Wilkes-Barre No. 5 colliery is located between the Traction
Company's power house and the Ashley Trolley line. In construct-
ing this Ashley line the bonding was negligently done, iron wire
being used, which became corroded and broken, leaving the rails
without other connections than that furnished by the fish plates. The
current returning from the cars west of Parrish street escapes at
tliese joints, and naturally passes to the water and gas pipes laid in
the streets.
At the corner of Hazle and Parrish streets, the water and gas mains
on Parrish street afford a short circuit and the line of least resistance
for the current to pass to the Nanticoke Trolley line, from which point
the current is carried through the rails of the latter line to the power
house. The water pipes used to feed the boilers and carry water
into the Soutli Wilkes-Barre mines are connected Avith the Parrish
street mains, consequently a portion of the current passes into these
branch lines and is carried through the boilers to the engines and
other machinery connected with them, while part passes into the
water lines entering the mines. As these pipes are laid in the
ground, a large part of the current escapes to the earth. The Shaw
signaling api)aratus is connected to the boilers through the steam
pipes and receives a large part of the current. Tn order to deter-
150 Reports of the inspectors of mines. off. doc.
mine the extent of these currents, a Western volt meter and an am-
meter were secured, and a series of experiments were made embrac-
ing the entire extent of the mine. A table showing these tests ac-
companies this report. An examination of the table will show that
between the pipes of the operating room of the Shaw system and the
Wilkes-Barre Gas Company's pipes, a current of from 6 to 12^ am
peres was found, with a difference of potentials of from ^ to 2 volts.
The tests made in the mine between the. Shaw pipes and the water in
the ditch as the poles, show^ed a current of less than one ampere,
with a difference of potentials of from one-tenth to six and one-half
volts. As the mine is exceedingly gaseous, it was deemed advisable
to take immediate steps to remove, as far as possible, any danger
that might be liable to arise from this unexpected source. When the
ventilating current is in proper shape, the electricity can do no harm,
but should the air in any part of the mine become explosive, these
pipes charged with electricity would be a source of great danger, as
a spark caused by an imperfect contact of the pipes would be the
means of igniting the gas, which would result in disaster. The cur-
rents with high potentials were all found in the Shaw pipes. These
pipes are perfectly insulated, in order to aid their sound-carrying
Ijruperties, as signaling ironi the mine is one of the main features of
the apparatus.
The pipes are suspended their entire length by hooKs driven in
wooden plugs or collars, thus making them excellent conductors.
In order to cut off this current, some insulating material will be in
serted in each line at the level of the head of the shaft. This will not
only prevent the escape current of the Traction Company from pass
ing into the mine, but will also prevent any danger from lightning.
All pipes in the mine where a current could be detected have been
short circuited wherever possible, and their ends grounded. This
provision should be sufficient to guard against all possible danger.
On the outside, the Traction Company have re-bonded the rails on
the Ashley line with heavy copper wire and have agreed to run a re-
turn wire from Hazle street down Parrisb street to their power house.
By this arrangement they hope to prevent any serious escape of the
current.
Tests have been made at all the other collieries, and the current
found has been too small to deflect the needle of the ammeter. With
the exception of Lance, Maxwell and South Wilkes-Barre, the differ-
ence in potential has not exceeded one volt.
At Maxwell colliery, at the faces of the sixth and seventh west
gangways, a difference of potential of from two to four volts was
found. This colliery is also in the electric field between the Traction
-Company's power house and the Ashley line, and the workings are
M"o. 11. FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 151
very gaseous. In order to lessen the current, short circuits of cop-
per wire have been laid.
At Lance colliery, on the eighth east gangway, a distance of 5,000
feet from the foot of the shaft, a current of one-tenth of an ampere,
and a potential of three volts was found. The water pipe and the
water running in the ditch along the side of the gangway were the
poles used. This colliery is in the electric field between the Trac-
tion Company's Plymouth line and the power house at Wilkes-Barre,
and has also been short circuited with copper wire, a shirt circuit
being offered by the rails of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com-
pany across the flats.
The leakage will be stopped when the Traction Company have com-
pleted their short line to Plymouth.
These electric currents are unexpected dangers and their early de-
tection has probably averted serious consequences. The railroad peo-
ple are co-operating with us in every way to remove the danger.
In addition to the currents from the trolley lines, it is probable
that electricity is generated by the action of the acid water in the
mines on the rails, etc., in the same manner as it is generated in a
battery.
The Annual Examination of Applicants for Certificates of Qualifica-
tion.
The examination of applicants for certificates of qualification was
held in the Central school building, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., on June 20
and 21, 1894.
The board of examiners was G. M. Williams, Inspector of Mines,
Charles M. Conyugham, operator, Daniel J. Rees and Anthony Wirt,
miners.
Thirty-four applicants were examined for mine foreman certifi
cates, and the following named passed the required standard:
John Maxwell, Joseph Lewis, H. G. Evans and Fred Badman, of
Plymouth, Pa.
William A. Wallace, Luzerne borough.
John E. Williams, Fred. Kichols, Charles Poad, Wm. May, John H.
Mathews, Rees J. Morris, Benjamin J. Thomas, Richard D. Roberts.
Benjamin James, Edward Clocker, John D. Joseph, David J. Jones.
of Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Madoc Thomas, Edwardsdale, Pa.
David R. Jones, Glen Lyon, Pa.
Patrick J. Moore, Peely, Pa.
Sixty-eight were recommended for certificates of qualification for
assistant mine foreman.
Each person who had the lawful experience and was able to read
152 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
and write the necessary reports was recommended to have a cer-
tificate as assistant mine foreman. After an experience of several
years, the writer is convinced that to put fire bosses and assistant
foreman through an examination before a board representing the
State does no good, and is a cause of futile expense to the applicants
and to the State.
The Accidents of 1894.
The number of fatal accidents in 1894 was 71 in collieries produc
ing coal and six in new shafts in process of sinking. The quantity
of coal mined per life lost was 100,886 tons of marketable coal.
It takes the same proportion of labor and risk to mine and prepare the
waste that goes to culm heaps at the breakers and to mine and store
the refuse in the mines, which in many seams is fully ten per cent.
of the total quantity of material mined, except that the latter is not
hauled out. We hear it often stated that anthracite mining is ex-
cessively dangerous, and comparing the amount of coal produced per
life lost with the production in the bituminous region, the compari-
son appears unfavorable.
The bituminous seams are all thin, the coal is all marketable, and
nearly the material mined and hauled is coal accounted for in the
total production,while in the anthracite the seams are nearly all thick,
the coal has to be mined by blasting, and not two-thirds of the material
mined is accounted as product. All the culm also goes to the dump.
The quantity of fuel used to generate steam at the anthracite mines
is perhaps five times as great as at the bituminous ones, and this is
not accounted for in the production. This all combines to make the
production per life lost in the anthracite mines appear much less
than it is if fairly compared with the production in bituminous mines.
An examination of the record for 1894 in this district shows that
only four persons were fatally injured and 23 non-fatally directly by
the use of powder; but of the 44 killed and 08 injured by falls of roof
and coal the largest number was indirectly caused by blasting. To
return to the faci' of a breast in a thick seam immediately
after firing a blast is fraught with danger, for accidents
from falls of coal or roof frequently occur; a very large number hap-
pen thus. Props are suddenly displaced, the coal support is abruptly
torn from under the roof, and large pieces of coal, frequently more
than half loosened, are left hanging and fall just when the miner re-
tuins. Thus the disruptible effect of blasting is the cause of more
than half the accidents from falls in our anthracite mines. If all the
miners were to wait five minutes after firing a blast before returning
to work, a large proportion of the accidents by falls of roof and coal,
would bo averted.
N-0. 11 FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 153
Seven were fatally injured and thirty-three seriously by explosions
of gas. This class of accidents are less excusable than a large num-
ber caused by falls. The safeguards against explosions are so well
known that if they were strictly executed no explosion would take
place. Nearly every accident of this class is the direct result of
some one's carelessness in disobeying well known regulations. In this
class of accidents the innocent frequently suffer through the careless
uess of others.
The mine cars are prolific sources of accidents, the most of which
might be averted if the boys could be pei'suaded to exercise more
care, but it seems to be an innate desire in a boy to be daring and
venturesome, and in his recklessness he is often caught and injured.
The accidents of all classes could be reduced by a more effective
discipline, by an effective enforcement of well known rules, and by a
stricter regard for the proper qualifications of the persons employed
to do the various kinds of work. All this depends on the foremen,
and all the foremen have not had the power and natural executive
ability to compel obedience to the rules.
Disaster at the Graylord Colliery.
At about 2.15 A. M., Tuesday, February 13, 1894, an extensive
area of the workings of the Gaylord colliery of the Kingston Coal
Company at Plymouth, Fa., collapsed, closing the workings in each
seam from the Red Ash to the surface, and thirteen workingmeu
were buried nearly under the centre of the mass. No one escaped,
and no one can explain how these thirteen experienced men were so
suddenly entrapped.
On Monday morning, February 12th, George Picton discovered a
squeeze in the workings of the Ross seam. On examination he sus-
pected that the base and origin of the squeeze was beneath, in the
Red Ash seam, and sent his son, Thomas Picton, and another person
to make an examination in the old workings of said seam. They
went down and found the breasts on the third lift west of Plane
cracking and showing a decided indication of a troublesome squeeze.
(This point is indicated by the letter C on the accompanying map.)
This part of the Red Ash seam workings had been finished and aban-
doned for seven years and only about eighty car loads of coal re-
mained to be mined in the seam altogether at this time, and that from
a place above the head of the plane.
After a consultation, Messrs. Gwilym Edwards, superintendent,
and George Picton. general foreman, decided to have a row of props
set to support the pillar on the west side of the plane just above the
third lift, (At A; see map), and a party of sixteen men were selected
and st-nt for to execute the work. The mine was idle and the men
hnd to bo fsiimmoned from their homes. Four laborers were there
154 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
already or came earlier than the others, viz: Henry \\ illianis, Kobert
Williams, Eli Culver and John tSoley. The mine foreman, Thomas
I'icton, was in charge. He showed these lour men the place and told
them to clean along- the rib to make room lor the props. After work-
ing there awhile and hearing ominous cracking in the pillars and coal
falling in the breasts west of them, they became afraid and decidea
U) leave and go home.
On reaching the foot of the shaft, thfey met the other party of men
coming in with props and tools in charge of Thomas Picton. The
latter asked, where they were going, and they answered
that they were afraid, and would go home. All right, an-
swered Picton, if you are afraid, 3'ou better go. This was shortly
after six o'clock P. M. Three men had been left outside to cut props
and ten went to work setting the props up.
At 10.30 they were using the timber up, six more of the party went
outside to help in getting more props. It was a cold, stormy night,
but by fifteen minutes of twelve they- had cut the necessary supply
and sent them down the shaft. Then they went into the engine
house to warm themselves. John D. Jones, the night engineer,
asked them if there was much danger there and they replied that
there was no danger at all; that the four laborers who went home
were unnecessarily alarmed. At about 12.10 they all descended the
shaft.
At 1.30 A. M. George Brace, the stable boss, accompanied by
Thomas Leyshon, came up the shaft for plank to make cap-pieces.
They sent six oak planks eight feet long, one and one-half inches
thich down the shaft, and Thomas Leyshon descended the shaft on
the same cage, and Brice went home.
At 2.15 A. M., about three-quarters of an hour aft(?r Leyshon
descended the shaft, the engineer felt a concussion of air, and
the speaking tube whistle blew a long, loud whistle. He imme-
diately gave alarm by blowing the steam whistle. George Picton,
William Edwards and a number of miners responded in a short time,
and went down the shaft and attempted to go up the plane, and suc-
ceeded in going up a distance of about 400 feet, where the place was
crushing and threatening to close in upon them. They shouted, but
heard no reply. Lest the missing men had gone up the plane and
were groping in the darkness of the open workings above the plane,
parties were sent to enter above from the manway at the outcrop.
They, after a search for several hours, came out satisfiod that the
men Mere not there. Every open space above and below and
around tlie caved workings was searched without avail. Shouting
and tapping brought no r>'sponse. By noon all hopes of saving
tlie men had vanished and work \mis pr(>ini)tly commenced to reopen
^■d.
}
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Sc^t-E- 3oo ^y TO/ /A^.
Ko. 11. FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT, 156
Llie plaue. it was over 1,600 feet in length, and the thirteen missing
men had been working at about the middle of it.
The plane had been operated after Leyshon descended, for the cars
of timber attached to the rope at the bottom and the planks he took
down had been hoisted up to the point where the men were at work.
George iJrace was in the mine with the men till near 1,15
A. M., and he says thai; all appeared safe when he left.
He was at the top of the plane at midnight, and saw no sign
of a fall. When coming out he noticed the roof cracking about
100 feet below the men, and he called to Picton and told him.
Picton replied, "It is all right; hurry and send us cap-pieces,"
He and Leyshon went outside and asked the engineer what time
it was, and the engineer said it was 1.30 A. M. The planks
were taken down and placed on the car and hoisted up to the
middle of the plane, and the cave took place at 2,15 A, M, Evidently
the plane was clear of all obstruction when it was operated, and this
shows that the linal crush was sudden and without the usual warn-
ing.
The dotted line on map shows the outlines of the caved workings.
The men were working at A, and all the bodies were found in the
space between A and B. The farthest had not gone more than 240
feet in his flight for life. All were covered by the coal crushed in
fcom the pillars. About GOO feet of the plane had to be reopened to
find all the bodies, and then the workings of this seam were aban-
doned. Work was continued incessantly day and night until all the
bodies were found, and each was found as follows:
I'ttter McLaughlin, on face, head down the plane, March 13, at 1.30
A. M,
Michael Welsh, stooping in a running position, March 14, 4 A. M.
Thomas J, Jones, crushed down on face by a fall of rock, March 15,
P, M.
Richard Davies, stooping, in running position, March 16, 10,30
A. M,
James Kingdom, lying on face, head down plane, March 23, 5 A, M.
Thomas Cole, lying on face, head down plane, March 24, 6.30 P, M.
Thomas Leyshon, lying oi face, head down plane, March 28, 3.45
l\ M.
Thomas Merrima'n, lying on face, kead down plane, March 30, 2.45
P. M.
Joseph Olds, lying on face, head down plane, April 1, 7.45 A. M.
John D. Morris, lying with head down the plane, April 2, 4.30 A. M.
John Hamer, lying with head down the plane, April 2, 10.45 A. M.
Daniel W, Morgan, lying head up the plane, April 5, 10.30 P. M.
Thomti.s IT. Picton. lying across the plane, April G. 10 A. M,
156 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. OfiE. Doc.
All were within a short distance of each other in a distance of 200
feet, and all except one, who was under rock, covered by loose coal
crushed from the pillars. The mine foreman, Thomas H. Picton, and
Daniel ^\'. Morgan had gone only a few feet from the place where
they were working, and it is evident from the position that they were
found in, that they were in the act of running down the plane when
caught.
The Red Ash seam in this section of the mine was twenty feei
thick, and although the pillars were large, it is most probable that,
during the seven years idleness, enough had scaled off in some of the
old breasts to make the pillars too weak to sustain the pressure. It
is also probable that the squeeze had been progressing for some time
before it was discovered.
An inquest was held on the death of the victims of this disaster
by the deputy coroner and a jury of experienced men, and they
rendered the following verdict:
"We, the jury, do say that Thos. H. Picton (and the others) came to
their death through an error of judgment on their part, or on the
part of the person or persons in charge of the party who lost their
lives, thereby remaining too long in a place that, as appears to the
jury, must have been plainly dangerous for some hours prior to the
cave. The cause of the cave is, in our judgment, due to the ineffi-
cient size of the pillars left in the Ked Ash seam, which were further
reduced in size by the chipping of the pillars due to atmospheric
causes and to the shocks caused by shots or blasts in the overlying
vein. The jury recommend that the next Legislature so amend the
present mine laws, if that be possible, so as to prevent miners and la-
borers from going or being sent into such places as make possible
such catastrophies as that under consideration.''
JOHN E. PERKINS,
Deputy Coroner.
A. REES,
D. S. DAVIS,
AUSTIN GINLEY,
JOHN E. MALONEY,
REES JONES,
P. B. NEALON,
Jury.
N-0. 11.
FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
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Official Document, No. 11.
FIFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
(luzkulNK and carbon counties.)
Hazleton, May 1, 1895.
lEoii. Isaac B. Brown,
Secretary of Internal Affairs:
Sir: I have the honor of herewith submitting my annual report as
Inspector of Coal Mines for the Fifth Anthracite District, for the
year ending December 31, A. D. 1894.
The tables will show that during the year 6,132,627 tons of coal
were mined in the district; being lOG,!!! tons less than the produc-
tion of 1893.
The number of lives lost in the mining and preparation of this coal
was 58, being the same number as in 1893, leaving 30 wives widows
and 66 fatherless children in this and foreign lands.
The number of non-fatal accidents was 95, or a decrease of four
from the number of like accidents for the year previous.
Embodied in table No. 4 will be found two fatalities that occurred!
on the clay strippings under contractors, by which two wives were-
left widows and seven children orphans.
The tables show that a life was lost in some manner for each 105,-
735 tons of coal mined; also, that a non-fatal accident is reported for
each 64,551 tons of coal mined; and an accident, fatal or non -fatal is
reported for each 40,082 tons of coal mined. They also show a fatal
accident for each 316.6 persons employed, a non-fatal accident to
eacli 193.3 persons employed, and a fatality or non-fatality to one of
each 120 persons employed.
A brief description of some improvements at the collieries is given,
together with some remarks on the accidents, fatal and serious, to-
gether with some remarks on the fatal dynamite explosion at
Stockton.
According to their new policy during the year, the Lehigh Vallev~
182 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Cocil Ooiiipany has by the expiration of k'ases became the operators
of collieries on their lands at Hazleton and Jeansville operated for-
merly by A. Pardee & Co., and J. C. Haydou & Co. Owing to the
change occurring Xoveniber 1, 1894, there are 1,421 persons who
worked at these collieries for A. Pardee & Co., and 874 who worked
for J. C. Haydon & Co, who are reported also by the Lehigh Valley
Coal Company in tables Nos. 2 and *3. The live stock (horses and
mules) and boilers and mine locomolives are tlius twice enumerated
ill table No. 2.
Yours very respectfully,
JOHN M. LEWIS,
Inspector of Mines.
Tonnage Mined in Fifth Anilnacite District for Year 1894.
A. Pardee & Co., 436,070
The Cross Creek Coal Company, 1,091,9G()
Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company, 835,542
G. B. Markle & Co., 555,782
Linderman & Skeer, 464,553
A. IB. Van Wickle, 560,310
Lehigh Valley Coal Company, 275,936
J. C. Haydon & Co., 244,784
Ilpjier Lehigh Coal Company, 309,470
Pardee Bros & Co., 322,624
Calvin Pardee & Co 122,092
Pardee Sons & Co., 208,920
C. M. Dodson & Co., 210,018
31. S. Kemmerer & Co., 191,264
Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company 165,978
John S. Wentz & Co., 86,000
The Evans Mining Com])any, 51,318
Total tonnage 6,132,627
No. 11.
FIFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
183
Number of Fatalities and Tons of Coal Mined per Life Lost by
Each CoMrANY.
Names of Operators.
A. Pardee & Co.,
The Cross Creek Coal Company, ....
Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company,
G. B. Markle* Co.,
Linderman & Skeer,
A. S. Van Wickle,
Lehigh Valley Coal Company, ....
J. C. Hay don & Co.,
Upper Lehigh Coal Company,
Pardee Bros. & Co.,
Calvin Pardee & Co.,
Pardee Sons & Co ,
C. M. Dodson & Co.,
M. S. Kemmerer & Co.,
Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Company,
John S. Wentz&Co.,
The Evans Mining Company,
Total fatalities.
58
C C
62,581
181,994
119,363
185,261
42,232
93,385
275,936
154,735
53,771
40,697
52,230
210,018
165,978
105,735
Number op Non-Fatal Accidents and Tons of Coal Mined per Person
Injured by each Company.
Names of Operators.
A. Pardee & Co., . . . ,
The Cross ('reek Coal Company, . . . ,
Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company,
G. B. Markle & Co.,
Linderman tfe Skeer, ,
A. S. Van Wickle,
Lehigh Valley Coal Company, ....
J. C. Haydon & Co.,
Upper Lehigh Coal Company,
Pardee Bros. & Co.,
OS,
19,821
181,994
61,753
30,970
280, 155
31,492
27,198
77,367
63,771
184
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Off. Doc.
Number of Non-Fata.l Accidents and Tons of Coal Mined per Person
Injured by each Company — Continued.
Names of Operatives.
Calvin Pardee <fe Co.,
Pardee Sons & Co.,
C. M. Dodson & Co,,
M. S. Kemmerer & Co.,
Lehigh & Wilkes- Barre Coal Companj'^,
John S. Wentz & Co.,
The Evans Mining Company, . .
Total non-fatal accidents,
30,523
69,640
105,009
95,632
55,326
95 64,554
Number of Fatal and Non-fatal Accidents and Tons of Coal Mined
PER Person Killed or Injured.
Names of Operators.
A. Pardee & Co.,
The Cross Creek Coal Company, . . . .
Lehigh ("oal and Navigation Company,
G. B. Markie tt Co.,
Linderman & skeer,
A. 8. Van Wickle,
Lehigh Valley Coal Company,
J. C. Haydon A (/O.,
Upper Lehigh Coal Company,
Pardee Bros. & Co.,
Calvin Pardee tt Co.,
Pardee Sons & Co.,
C. M. Dodson ct Co.,
M. S. Kemmerer & Co.,
Lehigh & Wilkes Barre Coal Company,
John S. Wentz & Co.,
The Evans Mining Company,
Total fatal and non-fatal accidents.
c .
£i 0)
S3
153
(C o
.-. ©
!<-i Qj qj
O o. l<
a $ c
o f^-H
15,037
90,997
119,363
46,315
17,867
70,039
30,659
27,198
51,578
26,885
17,442
29,846
70,006
95,632
41,499
40,082
No. 11.
FIFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
185
Nationality of Persons Injured Fatally and Non-Fatally.
Nature of Accident.
Fatalities,
Non-latalities, . . .
Total accidents,
d
.2
83
60
a
a
W
d
1
43
'u
M
a
a
u
o
X!
CO
•t-t
d
1
d
..1
u
ai
S
<1
.d
o
o
o
32
•3
22
24
16
18
34
4
17
4
4
4
13
4
8
3
5
1
2
2
' 1
1
46
21
8
17
12
8
3
2
1
" 1
58
95
153
Classification of Fatal and Non-fatal Accidents.
Causes of Accidents.
By explosion of C. H* gas,
By falls of coal, roof and sides, ...
By falls of coal, rock and clay on strippings,
By mine cars,
By cars on the surface,
By machinery inside and outside,
By explosions of powder,
By premature blasts,
By nniscellaneous causes inside and outside.
Total from all causes,
58
1
33
1
16
15
7
2
9
11
95
2
50
5
22
24
10
12
14
14
153
186
Rl'^IORTS OF THK INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Off. Doc.
Comparative Statement, showing Number of Tons of Coal Mined per
Fatal Accident, Number of Persons Employed per Life Lost, and
Number of Fatalities peu Thousand Employes in the Fifth Anthra-
cite District, for the Past Fipteen Years.
•s-g
"S
o a,
T.
-c
CS
xti (!)
%
OJ &
o
>>
o S
"5
§-^
<s
o
J3 ""
.s —
t5
1—^
CL
c4 (B
Years.
Ilk
Cm
O
er of
mine
accide
si-
er em
e lost.
erofde
sand p
loyed.
X!^ t,
•^"S
-O ^ — ^
-2 &
^ *'«-"
-"3 a,
els *
3c®
5 S
« o is
2 S
^f
a.§a
3 W >>
p-c
S O Vi
S 05
pis <D
&
'A
^
^
l^ip.
^
1880
4,298,764
26
165,337
10,255
394.42
2.535
1881
5,037,948
47
107,190
11,386
242.25
4.127
1882
5,360,497
40
134,012
12,298
307.45
3.252
1883
5,666,767
38
149, 125
13,598
357.84
2.794
1884
5,274,227
40
131,885
14,299
357.47
2.797
1885
5,535,544
42
131,798
14,224
338.66
2.952
1886
5,333,518
35
152,386
14, 140
404.00
2.475
1887
3,961,594
15
264,106
14,096
939.73
1.064
1888
4,892,514
32
152,891
14,448
451.50
2.215
1889
5,655,196
46
122,939
14,686
319.26
3.132
1890
5,776,699
52
111,090
14,421
277.33
3. 006
1891
5,808,964
53
109,509
14,961
282.28
3.548
1892
5,842,721
48
121,725
16,277
339.19
2.949
1893
6,239,068
58
107,570
17,540
302.48
3.307
1894
6,132,627
58
105,734
18,361
316.57
3.159
Totals.
80,811,648
630
128,272
214,990
357.13
2.935
Comparative Statement Showing the Number and Causes of Fatali-
ties in the Fifth Anthracite District for the Past Fifteen Years.
Cause of accidents.
Years.
i
00
00
1
i
in
to
00
CO
CO
00
CO
i
d
1
05
00
i
00
i
By water from old work-
ings
9
6
16
6
4
5
1
6
"63"
....
3
12
t>
11
361
157
Asphyxiated by gases
By explosiun ol (". U. 4 gas,
By lulls of coal root aud
sides • •••••••••..■, •
Uy cars inside and on tne
12
7
3
1
'"3'
24
11
1
4
....
24
8
1
i
18
11
1
3
10
17
3
2
19
8
3
8
3
5
42
' i'
13
5
2
1
1
12
....
6
3
2
I
1
1
16
14
4
2
6
32
....
23
11
4
"4
4
46
1
19
19
1
7
6
52
25
15
2
3
3
48
1
i«
15
11
4
±
68
1
21
15
15
3
3
By blasts and explosions
of powder, •
By maehlnery inside and
outside
56
39
10
Hv miscellaneous causes
insidi! and outside
4
26
4
47
5
lo"
6
38
8
78
Totals
68
630
No. 11. FIFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 187
Colliery rmprovcinoiils in Uie Fifth Anthracite District During ihc
Year 1894.
Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company.
Colliery No. 4 — A trial slope opening a lift of ninety yards on the
Mammoth vein, making the third lift below water level, has been
sunk, linding the vein fifty feet in thickness and very good coal, on a
regular pitch of seventy degrees.
Turnouts, a pump house with capacious pump, and airways con-
necting with a new ventilating fan, 21 feet in diameter, have been
made for the purpose of developing this new lift in the best man-
ner possible. A slope to meet and connect with present main hoist-
ing slope has been located carefully and is being on line up the
pitch.
The pumping capacity of top pumping station has been increased
2,058 gallons per minute.
Colliery No. 6.— The Mammoth vein, fifty feet in thickness, of good
quality, on a pitch of forty-five degrees south, was cut by the tunnel
from No. 6 shaft at a distance of 900 feet from the shaft on the
i^ecoud lift below water level. The air connections have been
completed and gangways east and west are being driven in the
"Crack" vein, a small vein underlying the Mammoth vein, with ten
yiwds- of intervening rock, preparatory to tapping the water in the
abandoned first lift below water level.
Screen Building — Here the steam power has been increased by the
en ction of two additional batteries of Babcock and Wilcox high
pressure boilers, giving an increase of 440 horse power to the plant
erected in 1893, A system of mud tanks which make it possible for
the water which has been used to clean coal to be pumped back and
used over again, has also been erected.
G. B. Markle.
The new Jeddo No. 4 breaker erected in 1893 was put in operation
February 1, 1894, and the coal which formerly was prepared there
and at Jeddo No. 3 was all put through the new breaker, allowing
the abandonment of Jeddo No. 3.
This company have also erected and enclosed a new set of boilers
at their Highland No. 5 colliery.
Upper Lehigh Coal Company.
Slope No. 2 — A new Worthington pump 20xl2xl5-inch, and a line
of column pi])e 550 feet long have been placed in this slope.
A new slope was sunk to the east gangway of No. 1 slope and con-
188 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
tinued about 25 yards down to the basin known as No. 1 basin, iu
which the east gangway is now being driven. The 2,500 feet of rail-
road necessary for transportation of coal from this slope to No. 2
breaker has been graded and built.
At No. 3 slope a new second opening has been completed.
A. S. Van Wickle.
Coleraine Colliery — At this colliery, since it has passed into the
hands of Mr. Van Wickle, improvements have been the desire of the
proprietor and the end and aim of the management. Some of the
noted ones are, a new boiler plant for supplying steam to the coal
breaker and hoisting engines and pumps at No. 1 slope.
Two new mine locomotives for use on the strippings and for trans-
porting coal to the breaker.
The breaker enlarged and improved in every way.
New openings to develop the Primrose vein, which has been cut
and found in good workable condition; also, second openings have
been provided for this vein.
A commodious residence for the superintendent, convenient to the
colliery, the same for the mine foreman and outside foreman, have
been erected; also many new houses for the comfort of the increased
number of employes,
A new pleasantly located and conveniently planned office has also
been erected during the year.
Pardee Bros. & Co.
Lattimcr No. 3. — At this colliery there has been an addition made
to the breaker in the form of a shaft tower through which all the coal
is hoisted from the surface level to the top of the breaker by means
of two automatic dumping cages, which, by reason of the elevation
being increased, is delivered on the plates much higher than formerly
and thus allows the slate rock and bone to be picked out as it comes
fi-om the mines and stripping, thus aiding very much in the prepara-
tion of the coal before it goes to the rolls and into the screens and
jigs and picking schutes, which renders it possible to handle more
coal witli the same men and machinery.
Many contemplated improvements were nipped in the bud by rea-
son of the poor state of trade, and many more were spoiled by the
flooding of the mines by a rainstorm which began on Friday, May 18,
and continued until Monday, May 21, filling up many of the subterra-
nean slopes and causing a period of idleness varying from one or
two days to a month and more at all the mines of the district. The
extra expense of getting out this unexpected inflow of water and the
other expense of preparing against the mines being again llooded.
No. 11. FIFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 189
by digging ditches and canals and erecting flumes large enough to
carry the surface water into the different creeks and water courses.
These needed improvements were made, while some contemplated
ones were left for another year.
Examination of Applicants for Certificates of Qualification as Mine
Foremen and Assistant Mine Foremen.
The annual examination of applicants for certificates ot qualifica
lion as mine foremen and assistant mine foremen for tnis district
was held in the public school building on Pine street in the city of
llazleton, on June 12th and 13th, 1894.
The board of school controllers of the city granted the request of
the boards of examiners for the use of the building.
The board of examiners was composed of E. L. Bullock, of Beaver
Brook, superintendent, George McGee, of Freeland, and Thomas
Thompson, of Hazleton, miners, together with the Mine Inspector of
the district.
The board recommended the following named persons to Hon.
Thos. J. Stewart, Secretary of Internal Affairs, as having passed the
examination satisfactorily, and certificates of qualification as mine
forfmen were issued to them:
Adam Lesser, Upper Lehigh.
John J. McGuines, Lattimer Mines.
Evan L. Jenkins, Nesquehoning.
I'atrick Quinn, Drifton.
Samuel Tinner, Stockton.
Richard Airy, Stockton.
Frank Carter, Milnesville.
The following named persons were recommended to receive certifi
cates of qualification as assistant mine foremen.
Alfred Radley, Stockton.
David M. Emmanuel, Nesquehoning.
William Curtis, Summit Hill.
Albert Haughton, Summit Hill.
William Purdy, Hazleton.
William Cooper, Hazleton.
Henry Hawke, Hazleton.
John Richards, Hazleton.
Robert Robertson, Hazleton.
Henry Smith, Hazleton.
Thomas H. Blackwell, Hazleton.
190 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Review of Fatal Accidents of 1894 and Tlieir Causes.
During ilie past year there- were 58 fatal accidents in and about
the mines and coal strippings of this district, many of which were
due to the want of proper judgment and the reci^lessness of the
victims themselves, and some of which were caused by the lack of
judgment in persons employed with the victims.
By falls of roof coal and sides in the mines and on the strippings
'21 lives were lost, or 3G.2 per cent, of the whole number of fatalities.
By cars inside and outside 15 lives were ended, being 25.D per cent,
of the total fatalities.
Explosions of powder killed 10 persons, or 17.2 per cent. Trema-
ture blast proved fatal to 5 persons, or 8.6 per cent. Machinery, in-
side and outside the mines, caused 3 fatalities, or 5.2 per cent., an
explosion of C. H. 1 gas caused one person's death or 1.7 per cent.,
while 3 persons, or 5.2 per cent., lost their lives from miscellaneous
causes.
A brief description of each accident and the cause of death is given
in the table No. 4; a fuller description of some of them, and of the
''Stockton Disaster" follows; the numbers used correspond (o those
of table No. 4.
No. 1 — At Hazleton mine breaker, January 3, Edward Devinney,
American, loader, 21 years old, was, by the slipping of his brake-iron
thrown off and in front of loaded cars, and both legs were so
badly crushed and bis arm torn under the wheels as to cause his
death at the hospital the same day. It being an idle day for the
mines, the breaker was run for the purpose of recleaning some cars
of condemned coal. Devinney and another young man were running
down three cars, the last not being coupled, and Devinney was stand-
ing between the first and second cars, which began to move away
from, the third, when the other young man (George Henderschedt)
motioned to Devinney to put on the brakes, which he did. and when
the cars came together Henderschedt heard him crying out, and,
stopping the cars, found him under the second car holding on to the
axle, while the wheels rested on his legs. He was gotten out as
soon as possible and taken to the hospital where all that could be
done to alleviate his pain and help him was done, but nothing could
prevent his death, which resulted from his injuries the same night.
No, 2 — Charles Martin, American, miner, 24 years old, single, at
cflliery No. 5, February 6, was fatally injured internally in the
breast, in which he worked. He had fired a hole in a rob of rock
which ran across the bi-east, and going up to the face, began to Avork
with his pick around the rock wlien a large piece fell from the roll
and squeezed him about the thighs and injured him internally, as be
fore stated.
No. 11. FIFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 191
He was taken to the Hazleton hospital, where he expired February
iJ. This was a sad case, as the accident occurred when he was
woi'king alone, his partner being- sick that day, and he, on account
of his approaching- marriage, was loath to lose a day at that time.
Ao. 3 — At Beaver Meadow Colliery, -February 14, John Rapschock,
Hungarian, slate loader, 23 years old, single, was fatally crushed
under the slate cars near the bank where they were dumped. In
goiiig out to the dump he rode on the side of the locomotive, and when
tJic dump was reached the locomotive ran on one track while the cars
were supposed to be spragged by him and run in on a branch road.
AVhen the engineer ran his locomotive away from the slate cars and
stopped, he was horrified to see Rapschock under the cars between
the rails being pushed along by the cars and crushed under the cross-
pieces of truck against the sills and branch rails. He must have tried
to cross the track in front of the cars after getting off the locomo-
tive.
His death followed at the hospital the same night and it was cer-
tainly due to want of care on his own part.
No. 4 — At Beaver Brook colliery, February 19, Andrew Leshko,
Hungarian, loader, 43 years old, wife and two children, was so badly
injured that he died an hour and a half after at his home. He had
two gondolas loaded, and wishing to run them down the road, he
procured a bar and began to use it on the hind wheel of the first car,
standing between the cars and astride of the rail, when he, work-
ing with the bar started the first car and jerked the second for-
ward. It ran against his heel and pinned him fast between the
llange of the wheel and sill, and before the cars were stopped the
wheels had run over his leg from heel to thigh. He certainly need
not have stood as he did to do the starting work.
No. 5 — Michael Trifcan, Italian, laborer, 24 years old, single, at
Highland No. 2, February 24, was injured about shoulders and legs
by a fall of dividing slate and coal which fell on him while he
was drilling a hole under it in the bottom coal, while his miner, who
had brought him in on this, which was an idle day. to help prepare
coal for the next working- day, was preparing a charge for the hole.
He was apparently not seriously injured, yet the same afternoon,
^^hil<' waiting at the Freeland station for a train to take him to the
hospital at Hazleton, he died. It was one of the coldest days of the
winter, and the exposure may have hastened his death.
No. 7 — At Hollywood stripping, April 8, Erasmus Towel, Hun-
garian, stripping miner, 43 years old, having wife and three children,
had his skull fractured by coal falling from a pillar alongside of
which he. with the men in his charge, was engaged in cleaning the
clay out of the old breast so that the pillar could be robbed back
192 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OP MINES. Off. Doc.
down the pitch and loaded up out of the schute of the old breast.
One of the laborers warned him that the pillar top showed signs of
falling, and in going to a place of safety he ran directly under a large
piece of coal. He died of his injuries two hours later.
No. 9 — George Stenge, Hungarian, slate picker, 17 years old, em
ployed at the top of plane to screen building at Hauto, April 12, was
killed by being run over by Barney truck on plane down which he
rode on the truck against a trip of loaded cars. In getting off, his
left leg was run over by hind wli(;el of truck, and he, on being thrown
or rolling into middle of road, the heavy hoisting rope attached to the
truck struck him on the head, causing almost instant death.
His riding down the plane was in violation of rule 10, article XH
of the mine law^, and yet I have cause to think it was not the first
time he had been guilty of the offense, and that he was not the only
offender, but I am glad to say that discipline has been revived, and
there is now no riding down the planes allowed, even on the empty
cars.
No. 10 — John Conlon, Irish, miner, 58 years of age, wife, no chil-
dren under 16 years old, employed at No. 1 stripping Lattimer, April
25, was struck on the head by a small piece of top coal which fell on
him from a bridge of coal between two pillars between which the
road ran. Cars being scarce, he came out from his working place,
and while talking to some other men, the coal fell and struck him on
top of the head, rendering him unconscious. The men revived
him with some water and after sitting down awhile he walked to his
home, washed himself and went to bed, where he became uncon-
scious and died about seven hours after the accident.
No. 14 — Upper Lehigh No. 4 slope, in what is locally named the "Q"
vein, May 7th, Martin Sisino, Austrian, laborer, 19 years old, single,
while throwing tamping into a hole for his miner, John Wargo, was
instantly killed by the powder exploding and throwing the coal
out against him. Wargo was very seriously burned about the face,
and his ej^esight destroyed temporarily. The cause of the explosion
was the presence of a band of sulphur in the coal through which the
drill passed, and from which no doubt a spark w^as struck by the
butt end of the drill in tamping.
No. 10 — At Ooleraine colliery, No. 2 slope. May 17, Thomas Mul-
herin, American, miner, 40 years old, married, was fatally injured by
fall of to]) slate at toj) of manway which he was getting ready to ex-
tend, and by falling down said manway a distance of 00 feet.
He had cut the coal out fiom under this clod with a shot he fired on
tlie rib, and as he was cutting holes in the bottom slate to stand the
manway props, the clod fell, but whether the piece struck him and
knocked him down the manway, or in trying to avoid the falling clod
No. 11. FIFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 193
he lost his balance and fell down, is not clearly known, as the laborer
who was on the other side of the breast could not tell whether the
chid had struck him or not, but knew he had fallen down the manway
after, and he gave the alarm. Henry Spohr, going up the manway,
found him lying on his back with his head down the pitch. He was
taken out, but died soon after reaching the surface. He left a widow
and four children.
No. 19 — Joseph Wolff, German, miner, 44 years old, wife but no
children, employed at No. 8 slope, Hazleton mine, was instantly killed
on June 9th by a fall of top coal in the face of his breast. He and
his partner had drilled a hole in the top coal and fired it, but it did
not bring the top part down. W'ollf went up under it while his part-
ner was loading the buggy. The partner warned him that the piece
was bad, and advised him to bar it down by standing on one side of
it, but he said Maier was afraid and climbed up on top of the bottom
and sat down under it. Maier asked him three times to come out
from under it, as the slips were working, but he only made light of
it, and the coal fell on him, crushing his head against the bottom coal
and killing him instantly. He was the victim of his own foolhardi-
ness.
No. 24 — At Drifton slope No. 1, June 23, John Plahita, Hungarian,
special laborer, 25 years old, single, was killed instantly by being
struck by a trip of three runaway loaded cars in the inside slope.
The runaway was caused by the rope breaking when the cars were
about 12.5 feet from foot of the slope. He, with the roadman, was at
the foot fixing a latch on the branch, and had he staid where he was
or followed the roadman into the gangway he would have been un-
hurt, but, becoming excited he ran right into the danger by trying
to cross the foot of slope and was caught by the cars striking two
other cars at the bottom and throwing them against him.
No. 27 — At East Sugar Loaf No. 2, July 12, John Mulligan, Amer-
ican, assistant ticket boss, 18 years old. While the loaded car was-
standing on the plane to the breaker at the dump, as the car would
not to be dumped for some time, he went below the car to clean out a
small hole or pocket that caught the coal from the cars. He was
throwing the coal into the dump when the loaded car started back,
and one of the other persons employed about the dumps gave a
warning cry, but before he got safely out of the pocket, which was
between the rails, the car struck him and rolled him down the ]»lane
and the wheels passed over his legs, injuring him so terribly that he
died while being conveyed in the company's ambulance to his home.
] made an investigation on the same day, and also ordered an inquest,
which was held.
While the engineer testified very positively that he had received
13-11-94
Utl REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
the signal to let back the empty ear from the dump, the testimony of
the three persons employed with Mulligan was that neither of them
had given any signal or been in position to give one, and the loaded
car was silent proof of this fact. The jury's verdict was ''That the
said John Mulligan came to his death at No. 2 colliery, Stockton, on
Thursday, July 12, A. D. 1894, by b*eing struck on an inclined plane
by a loaded car; said acident being caused by carelessness or negli-
gence on the part of the engineer in lowering said car."
It was also apparent from the testimony that the pocket could have
been cleaned just as well when the car was at the foot of the plane
and so need not have been cleaned by Mulligan while the cars were
standing over it.
Nos. 28 and 29 — At No. 4 slope, -'Cranberry," in the lower lift, July
14, Michael Tomka, miner, 33 years old, married, and John Andrego,
laborer, 3.5 years old, married, were instantly killed by the premature
exj)losion of a blast which they were preparing to fire. These two
men were employed driving a cross-heading from the west gangway to
the sump, and had drilled a hole with a machine in the west rib of
this cross-heading, and Tomka had made the charge of powder for it
and gone in with it, and, according to the evidence of Thomas Lou-
den, the miner who was in charge of the gangway, and the last per-
son to see Tomka alive, he had about time to have reached the hole
and put the powder in preparatory to tamping it, when there was an
explosion and all the lights were extinguished. Louden procured a
light and inquired for Tomka and looked in the heading to which he
usually retreated when firing for him, and not finding him, went
into his working place and found him and his laborer both dead.
Andrego the laborer was 2.5 feet from where the hole was drilled,
while Tomka was about 8 feet from the hole. From the fact that
Mr. Louden was sure he detected the fumes of dualin powder when
he went into their place, he thought that, as the place was narroAv
(0 feel wide) and the coal hai-d to blow, Tomka may have put a stick
of dualin powder and a cai> in the back end of his cartridge, and.
having the open end of (he ca]) pointing outward when he pushed
his needle bnck with the powder into Ihe liole. it entered the cap and
cnr.sed the explosion. And lliis. T Ihink. is the only satisfactory
expli'.nalion.
Tomka lefl a wife and four children, and Andrego left a wif(» and
two children in TTungarv. Andrego, tlie laborer, held a miner's cei'-
tificale ;ind had been in this coal region for some years, and then re-
turned to Hungary and mari-ied and came here the second time seek-
inf»" his fortune, only toj'eacli (his untimely end.
No 11. FIFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 195
Fatal Explosion of Powder in West No. 1 Slope, Lindermaii »!t Skeei*,
at Stockton.
At about 7 o'clock A. M., Tuesday, July 17, 1894, eight persons
were instantly killed by an explosion of Atlas Powder at the foot of
the subterranean shaft from the Mammoth vein to the Wharton vein
in the west No. 1 slope of Linderman & iSkeer, at Stockton. They
w«re Charles O'Donnell, footman, American; Andrew Sabol, Hunga-
rian, miner; John Pirimbo, Hungarian, loader; John Kasheda, Hun-
garian, loader; John Brizyon, Hungarian, loader; John Krinock,
Hungarian, loader; John Mateofski, Hungarian, miner; Anthony
Norcavitz, Pole, loader.
The miners and loaders were employed in the Mammoth vein, to
AN'hich a tunnel is cut back from the foot of the subterranean shaft,
in robbing what w^ould be known as the third lift of the Mammotii
vein of the west No. 1 slope, and as usual were on this morning taking
to their several schutes the powder, fuse and caps which would be
i-equired through the day to start the batteries; the miners having
brought l)ack the night previous what had not been used the day be-
fore
The powder, fuse and caps were all brought from the magazine on
the surface by Charles O'Donnell, the footman, in order to avoid all
duuger of explosions on the slope, or in the shaft, by reason of care-
lesf^ handling of the caps and sticks of powder by the men while rid-
ing down the slope with it, or in the shaft on the cage. He kept
1 hem under lock and key in a box near the foot, when not distributing
them to the men.
On this morning, while he was giving out to the men the powder,
fuse and caps they each made request for, in some way an explosion
was caused and every one present killed.
There are many theories as to what was the cause of the explo-
sion, one being that one of the men had dropped fire from his lamp
or pipe into a cap; another that some one had been picking at a cap
with a lamp picker or horse shoe nail to remove the line sawdust
with which they are sometimes clogged, and still another that one of
the men having his powder lying beside him on a bench near the
box cut his fuse into lengths and began placing the caps on these
lengths of fuse ready for use when required, and in pushing the fuse
inio the cap twisted the point into the fulminate of the cap and it,
ex])loding near his powdei", set it off, and that in turn set off what
was in the box nearby. The only thing we know is, there was an ex-
plosion caused in some way by some one of the eight persons present.
and those of us that remain should take warning and be careful in
the handling of these explosives ourselves, and be watchful of others
to see that they are careful.
196 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
8uperiutendent James E. Roderick was informed of the explosion
and at once went to the slope and entered the mine and was lowered
to the foot of the shaft, where the work of recovering the bodies at
once began. This was rendered difficult owing to the timber at the
foot of the shaft being blown down by the force of the explosion, but
by 1] o'clock the bodies were all placed in coverings and these in
boxt s provided by an undertaker and by 12 o'clock noon they had all
been taken to the surface where the undertakers took charge of them.
An inquest was held and the jury rendered a verdict of accidental
death for which no blame could be attached to any living person.
No. 11.
FIFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
197
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FIFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
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1 Fatally injured; in running loaded cars
of coal his brake-iron slipped and he
was thrown under the wheels and
had both legs crushed, from which in-
1 juries he died at the hospital same day.
Fatally injured; in working out a shot
1 in a roll of rock in his breast, a piece
of rock fell on him, injuring .him in-
ternally, causing death at hospital,
i February 11.
Injured fatally; in going out to the
dump he rode on front end of loco-
motive and in switching the slate
cars he fell in front of them be-
tween the rails and was crushed
under them about the head and body
and died at hospital same day.
Fatally crushed under loaded gondola
car; in starting two cars with a bar,
stepped between and front wheel
caught his foot and ran on him till
it rested on his thigh; died from his
injuries in a short time.
Injured about head and shoulders by a
fall of top coal and slate while drill-
ing a hole under the same; died same
afternoon at Freeland, while waiting
for train to take him to hospital.
Struck and fatally injured by a piece
of rock from bank over pillar between
Hollywood and Milnesville workings
while at work in stripping; died of
his injuries »ame day.
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Official Document, No. 11,
SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
(SCHUYLKILL COUNTY.)
Shenandoah, Pa., March 25, 1805. .
Hon. Isaac; 1>. Brown,
Secretary of Internal Affairs :
Sir: As required by section ten of article two of the Act of June
2, 1891, I have the honor of herewith submitting to you my annual
report as Inspector of Mines of the Sixth Anthracite District for the
year 1801.
The usual tabulated forms are herein contained, giving the names
and location of the collieries in the district, the number of tons of
coal mined and shipped from each colliery, showing the total produc-
tion and shipments in tons of 2,240 pounds during the year 1894.
The number of men employed at each description of service is also
j^iven, together with the number of fatal and non-fatal accidents, and
the nationality of those killed or injured, ;is well as the number of
wives made widows and children made orphans.
Yours very respectfully,
WILLIAM STEIN,
Inspector of Mines.
Examination of Ai)plicants for Mine Foreman's Certificates.
The annual examination for mine foreman's certificates in Sixtli
districi was hckl in rotfsvillo, July, 1894.
The examiners were William Stein, Mine Inspector; NVilliam H.
LeA\ is, superintendent; Fred Hughes, miner, and William McGuire.
miner.
The following are the names of the successful candidates: John C.
McGinnes, Frackville; David Rennie, Shenandoah: Thomas Harlor,
]Mahanoy City; Silas Frost, Ellangowan; William Dowling. Ellaii-
gowan ; Frank Kelly, Yatesville; Lawrence Keating, (lilberton;
Edward Coldin, INIahauoy City, who were qualified as mine foremen.
Frank Wilkin, Shenandoah: Morgan Bevan, Shenandoah, and Fred
erick Weeks, qualified as assistant mine foremen.
T regret to have to report thirteen more fatal accidents llian in is;>:{.
but a perusal of the list of the accidents will be sufficient to satisfy
those who understand mining I hat many of the deaths were the re-
sult of ignorance, carelessness or foolhardiness.
224 REPCRTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off Doc.
1 am glad to be able to say that the collieries at present in opera-
tion are in very good condition, both as regards ventilation and gen-
eral safety. The operators are very positive in their instructions to
their officials to have the collieries well ventilated, well timbered
and well drained, and where any danger exists, to cease work until
the danger is averted. Notwithstanding we claim that every care ia
taken to protect the workingmen in and about mines, there are those
\Nho would try to make the uninitiated believe that mine officials
care not for the safety of their workmen.
I herewith assert, without fear of contradiction, that if our work-
men v-ould observe the law in the same manner as min? officials do,
we would have very few accidents to record. I speak thus from prac-
tical experience, and not because I would uphold the assertions of
either operator or mine official at the expense of the character of our
employes. It is much to be regretted that men are sent to the halls
of legislation from mining districts, who by their speech-making try
to make their fellows believe that mine officials have only one object
in view, and that is to make money, irrespective of safety to the work-
men. Improvements have been made during the year at many of
the collieries, with a view of still further increasing the safety of the
workmen, and not because the law demands these improvements,
which goes to show that the producers are desirous of protecting
their workmen against any possible danger while going to and from
their labor, as well as while at work. I have the opportunity and
pleasure of often meeting at our collieries our best mining experts,
who are always willing and ready to discuss any subject relative to
mining operations which might have for its object the general Avel-
fare of the workmen. I notice in particular that Mr. John Veith,
general mine superintendent of Ihe Philadelphia and Reading Coal
and Iron Company, has decided to drive tunnels through the rock
measures from one vein to another twelve feet wide and seven and
one-half feet high, instead of ten feet wide and seven and one-half
fee t high, which not only provides more passing room, but also offers
less resistance to the air current while cars are being hauled in and
out of the tunnel. Mr. Veith also gives peremptory instructions that
where gas is given off to any extent, locked safety lamps must be
used, but the workmen have given evidence of their disapproval of
those orders to the extent that they will conceal their "miner's lamp''
about their person and light them after reaching their places of work.
Two lives were sacrificed during the year from this practice, and in
order to prevent a repetition of an exy)losion from this cause, it was
even deemed necessary by the mine foreman to search his men for
naked lamps, and he took dozens from their persons. About five
years ago T visited a colliery in my district; Mr. Veitli happened to
visit there also; the question of using safety lamps absolutely at this
No. 11.
SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
225
colliery was talked over, and Mr. VeitU gavie iustructioiis to tlie fore-
luau not to allow the us? of naked lamps. However, his instructions
were violated during the year, which, I am sorry to say, caused the
death of three men. More might be said with reference to th? causes
(»f fatal accidents in and about our mines, but to those who are prac-
tically informed a careful perusal of table 4 will exhibit a very
luarked carelessness on the part of some of the victims, and a lack of
knowledge on Ihe part of others.
The Following is the Number of Accidents Fatal and Non-Fatal and
THE Nationalities of those Killed and Injured.
Americans,
English, . .
Irish,
Welsh, . . .
Scotch, . . .
Germans,
Poles, . .
Hungarians,
Italians, . .
Austrians, .
Totals,
Injured.
Fatal.
73
Non-Fatal.
10
2
1,^
4
4
2
45
4
94
Trifling accidents.
Wives left widows.
Orphans,
42
47
176
Table A — SJiowing Comparafive Sfatements of Fatal Casualiiies for the
Years 1S93 and 1H9L
Explosions of fire damp,
Explosions of blasting material, . . . .
Premature explosions,
Falls of coal aTid roof,
Crushed bj'^ mine cars,
i'"'alling down shafts and slopes, .. . .
By coal flying from shots,
By machinery on surface,
Boiler explosions, ...
Sutlocated by gHS generated by mine fire.
Miscellaneous,
Years.
Totals,
1893
1894
1
12
3
2
1
3
27
23
14
7
2
2
1
1
4
4
2
4
2
5
13
73
IT)- 11-94
226
REIORTS OF TH3 INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Off. Doc.
Number of Fatal Accidents and Quantity of Coal Produced per
Life .Lost.
Pliiladelpliia and Reading Coal and Iron Company,
Lehigh Valle^^ Coal Company,
Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company,
Lentz, Lilly & Co.,
Silverbrook Coal Company, . . .
Mill Creek Coal Compan}'-,
William Penn Coal Co., '
Coxa Brothers,
Individual operators,
p iS
v-l
33
S a>
"2 C
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a
a>
t^-a
0)
TS
O <D
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c
O
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2
a
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39
92
,800
9
60
,6161
7
76,651
8
10
,850
3
81
,500
1
283
,427
5
57
,392
2
111
,6941
4
92
994
Table B — Showing Comparative Statement of Non-Fatal Casualities
for the Years 1893 and 189^.
Explosions of fire damp, ....
Explosions of blasting material.
Premature explosions,
Falls of coal and root, ....
Crushed by mine cars,
Falling down siiafts and slopes.
By coal flying from shots, . . .
By machinery on surface, . . .
Boiler explosions,
Miscellaneous,
Years.
Totals,
Table C — Shovnng the Quantity of Coal Produced and Shipped During
the Years 1893 and 189^
,
Years.
1893
6,674,807
6,252,493
1894
(iuantily of coal jH-oduced in tons of 2,240 lbs.,
Quantity of coal shipped in tons of 2,240 lbs.,
6,340,631
5,888,300
No. 11. SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 227
Table D. — Comparisons behveen the years 1893 and 1894.
Niiinber of persons employed,
Tons of coal produced per lilc lost,
Nuniljer of tons of coal produced per each personal injury,
Ratio of employes per life lost, .' . . .
Average number of tons of coal produced per employe, . .
Ratio ol employes per each personal injury,
Years
1894
20, 109
86,847
37,968
274+
31.5+
119+
Table E. — Talcing the death rate per thousand as a basis of comjjarison
between the different companies and individual operators, loe have the
folloioing ratio for the year.
Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company,
Lehigh Valley Coal (Company,
Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company, ....
Lentz, Lilly and Company,
Silverbrook Coal Company,
Mill Creek Coal Company,
William Penn Coal Company,
^o.xe Brothers,
Individual operators, 1,317
Ol
a.
3
5+
4—
3—
5+
1+
8+
2+
3+
228
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Off. Dor.
Comparative St.\tement of Fatal and Non-Fatal Casualties and
Their Causes for Five Years.
Casualties.
Fatal.
Explosions of tire damp,
Explosions of blasting material,
Premature explosions,
halls of coal and roof,
Crushed by mine cars,
Falling down shafts and slopes, . . .
By coal flying from shots,
By machinery on surface,
Boiler explosions,
Suffocated by gas generated by mine fire,
Miscellaneous,
Totals of the respective years, . . .
Non- Fatal.
Explosions of firedamp, . . . .
Explosions of blasting material,
Pren)ature explosions,
Kails of coal and roof,
Crushed by mine cars, ....
Falling down shafts and slopes,
By coal flying from shots, . . .
By machinery on surface, . . .
Boiler explosions,
Miscellaneous,
1890
Totals for the respective years.
66
18
4
2
38
12
1891 1892
22
97
4
3
6
28
7
3
1
2
66
10
5
5
31
18
18
11
1893
Total
1894 for five
years.
1
3
1
27
14
2
1
4
2
54
31
' 4
32
17
60
28
8
10
36
28
23
92 112
20
139
12
2
3
23
7
2
1
4
4
2
13
73
22
1
8
23
20
2
94
319
534
Ni.
SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
229
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230 REPORiS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Total number of persons employed inside and outside and their de-
scription of service:
Inside.
Inside foreman 15S
Miners, 4,405
Miners' laborers, 2,459
All other company men, 3,145
Drivers and runners, 807
Dooi- boys and helpers, 253
Total inside, 11,227
Outside.
Outside foreman, 73
Blacksmiths and carpenters, 378
P^ngineers and firemen, 756
Slate pickers, 4,582
All other company men, 2,990
Superintendents and clerks 103
Total outside, 8,882
Total inside and out 20,109
Average number of days worked by the various coal companies in
this district:
Philadelphia and Readiug Coal and Iron Company, 109
Lehigh Valley Coal Company 144.7
Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company 249.8
Lentz, Lilly and ( 'ompany, 115.9
Silverbrook Coal (Company 180
Mill Creek Coal Company, 158.8
William IVnn Coal Company 256|
Coxe Hrothers, 225
Individual firms, 176.3
Number of pounds of dynauiite used, .323,148
Number of kegs of j)owd<M- used 154,402
Xuml)er of steam boihM-s in use 1,284
Number of horses and mnles in use 1,962
N'^. 11. SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 231
Hempel's Apparatus for Quick Deteiiuiuatiou of Gases.
Among tlie nuiuy difliculties piesenting- tlituuselves iu subduing an
uudergTouud mine Are, none are more dreaded than that of the gases
generated by the fire. Among these are carbonic oxide (white damp)
and carbonic acid gas (bhick damp), both of which are poisonous.
Continued breatliiug of an atmospliere heavily cliarged with eitliei',
will cause death in a short time, while a relatively small percentage
of either will cause violent illness, with severe pains.
In an atmospliere containing ().1>8 per cent, of carbonic oxide and
0.01 per cent, of carbonic acid, men are unable to work; neither ar*-
they able to >\ ork in an atmosphere containing 0.32 per cent, of car-
bonic oxide and 3.77 per cent, of carbonic acid gas. Continued breatli-
iug of an atmosphere containing 0.48 per cent, of carbonic oxide and
1.13 per cent, of carbonic acid gas has caused severe sickness. The
carbonic oxide is the more dangerous, since it is odorless and taste-
less.
At the Packer colliery fire in ]May last, the apparatus described
below gave excellent satisfaction.
It is easily manipulated, thoroughly reliable and quite inexpensive.
Kichard L. Ogden, A. C, prepared for the Lehigh Valley Coal Coni-
lany the description and directions for using the apparatus Which
are here given. The drawings from which the cuts. Figs. I and II,
N^ere made, were prepared in the office of Mr. F. E. Zerby, division en-
gineer of the company.
The apparatus used for making determinations of quantity of car-
bonic acid gas ((J02) or black damp, consists of a Henipel- Winkler
gas burette and a Hempel simple absorption pipette (Fig. 1).
The gas burette comprises two glass tubes, A and B, of which A is
a levelling tube and B a measuring tube of 100 c.c. capacity and grad-
uated to fifths, with stop cocks D and E. The tubes A and B ar<^
connected by rubber tubing C, which should be about three and one
half feet long. The pipette consists of glass bulbs (1 and H and
capillaiy tube M. The connection to burette is made by capillary F,
and rubber tubing I and I'.
To prepare jupette: Fill bulb G with short rolls of wire gauze
of about 1-12 or 1-15 inch mesh. These should be about l-l-inch in
diameter and 3-4-inch long. The absorbent is a solution of one ])art
commercial caustic ]K)tash and two parts water. Introduce suffici(M\l
of the solution to fill bulb G and cai)illary M, leaving bulb H entirely
empty.
Method of analysis: Disconnect burette from pipette by detaching
rub))' r tubing I'. Open stojt-cocks D and E. Pour water into level
ling tube A until tubes A and \\ are about half full of
water. Raise tube A until II is full of water, and close
232 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
stop-cock D; connect gas bag to burette by rubber tubiug, tak-
ing care to expel air from tubing by passing gas through it before
connecting with burette. Open stop-cock D, lower tube A, and after
running about 100 c.c. of gas into burette close stop-cock D. Allow
three minutes for water to run down walls of burette, then raise or
lower, as may be required, tube JB, until the water in A and B are at
the same level, when gas in burette will be at atmospheric pressure.
Note volume of gas in burette reading from the bottom of meniscus,
connect pipette to burette b}^ rubber tube I', first tilling capillaries
M and F, and tubing I and V with the absorbant by blowing at K,
avoiding air bubbles in capillaries, as far as possible. By using a
pinch-cock for rubber tube T when disconnected, capillaries can be
kept filled with solution.
Now open stop-cock D, levelling lute A forcing gas over into pipette
until water in burette has reached fc^, then close stop-cock D.
The gas is now in contact with the solution and the absorbtion of the
carbonic acid gas will be almost instantaneous. After one minute
open stop-cock D, lower lute A and run gas back into burette until
the solution has reached rubber lute I', close stop-cock D, allow three
njinutes for water to run down, bring water in A and B to same
level again and read as before. The difference in the two readings
will express the amount of carbonic acid gas absorbed, from which
calculate the percentage.
Example: Say, reading before passing the gas into pipette is 02.4
c.c. and after running back into burette 84.2 c.c, showing a difference
of 8.2 c.c, then 8.2^92.4 equals the percentage of gas lost by absorp
tion, showing 8.874 per cent, of carbonic acid gas in the sample.
A single filling of the i)ipette will safely absorb (>,000 c.c. of car
bonic acid gas.
If the gas to be analyzed contains a large percentage of carbonic
acid gas, it will add to the accuracy of the results, if the water to be
used in the burette is first satui'atcd with the gas. This can be done
by filling a suitable flask about half full of water and passing a
stream of tlic gas through it for some lime. Tf, however, repeated
analj^ses of about the same gases are to be made, the water will soon
become saturated witliout this precaution.
In Fig. ir is shown Uempers double absorption pii»efte for the de-
tei-mination of oxygen (()) and carbonic oxide (co) or white dam]).
To pr pare pipette: l*our water through M until it reaches (t. In-
sei i a lliin glass tube about 40 inches long in rubber connection at L
and fasten a small funnel to upper end of tube by means of a piece of
rubber tubing. T'pon pouring the re-agent into funnel the pressnre
given it f>v tl'e loner class tube enables it lo (piickly puss llironiili Hi
rapillai-y K into bnll)s A and 1!. ^^'^l('n bulb 15 is about two (liirds
full of the re-agent, close the rubbei- conn 'ction at L with a pinch-
No. 11. SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 233
cock and detach glass tube. Pour water through M until bulb D is
about two-thirds full, then shake pipette vigorously for some time to
remove all gases absorbable by the re-agent. Connect glass tube
again, open pinch-cock and admit enough of the re-agent to fill bulb
B. Fill bulb D with water, detach glass tube and allow re-agent to
pass from B to A. Connect glass tube again and admit
enough re-agent to about half fill the bulb B. Detach glass tube as
before and allow re-agent to pass from B to A again. The pipette is
now ready for use. If the work has been properly done, tubes K and
E and bulb A are filled with the absorbent, the space from B to F
with a gas free from oxygen, C and G with water and D with air.****
Jt is not essential, however, that the bulbs and tubes should be
filled in exactly these proportions, the object being to protect the ab-
sorbent from the action of the oxygen in the atmosphere through M.
Absorbent for oxygen : Dissolve 10 grains pyrogallic acid (C6H603)
in 30 c.c. of water, to this add 240 grains of commercial caustic pot-
ash (KOH) dissolved in 160 c.c. of water. A single filling of the pi-
pette will safely absorb 400 c.c. of oxygen. Absorbent for carbonic
(.xide (CO) or white-damp: Dissolve cuprous chloride (Cu2C12 in con-
centrated hydro-chloride acid (HCl). A single filling of the pipette
will safely absorb 700 c.c. of CO. Method of analysis: Same as that
given for carbonic acid gas, with this exception, after the gas has
been run over from burette to pipette, close pipette securely at N
with a pinch cock, detach from burette and shake vigorously for 3
minutes, when the absorption of oxygen or carbonic oxide, as the case
may be, will be complete. Connect burette again at N and proceed
as directed for carbonic acid gas. A separate pipette is used for
(>ach absorbent and the gases should be removed in the following
order: Carbonic acid gas, oxygen and carbonic oxide, as the absorb-
ents for both oxygen and carbonic oxide slowly absorb carbonic acid
gas, and the absorbent for carbonic oxide slowly absorbs oxygen.
Mv. Ogden recommends that the following precautions be taken: (1)
All rubber connections be made air-tight. (2) Frequent tests of con-
nections. (3) Do not allow samples of gases to remain long in rubber
bag, as gases are rapidly absorbed by vulcanized rubber. (4) Use
distilled water for burette where practicable. (.5") All apparatus and
liquids should be of the same temperature, i.e., that of the room.
Avoid changes of temperature in room, as far as possible.
Packer No. 5 Colliery Fire.
On the night of April 30-May 1, a fire broke out in the Packer No. 5
colliery of the Lehigh Valley Coal Company near Lost Creek, threaten-
ing the destruction of the entire colliery. Its existence was discovered
by the night shift men, who on attempting to make their way out in
tlie regular way were met by volumes of sniokc ()l)ligiiig them to re-
8
234 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
treat and make their escape through the outlet in the Holmes vein at
the western limit of the workings.
These men at once gave the alarm, notifying the bosses, who
quickly organized an exploring party, which entered the mine and at-
tempted to locate the seat of the lire. An examination revealed the
fire burning on the West Mammonth slope level gangway somewhere
between the tunnel from the seven-foot bed and ^'breast" No. 56 on
this level. The density of the smoke and volumes of gas prevented a
closer examination, as it was impossible until an additional supply
of fresh air could be had to pass the points referred to.
Learning of the fire on the afternoon of May first, while making an
inspection of the Lawrence colliery workings at Mahanoy plane, I at
once set out for the colliery, which was reached at 4.15 P. M., where
I met Colonel D. P. Brown, division superintendent for the Lehigh
Valley Coal Company, with whom I had an interview, during which
I learned that two Polish miners Scidor Pranzy and August Leopold
had been engaged on the South dip No. 2 counter gangway re-opening
it, and as they had been neither seen nor heard of since the fire broke
out we surmised which proved correctly, that they were still in the
mine.
My first move was to rescue these men alive, if possible, and failing
in this, to recover their bodies, and for this purpose I organized a
party of six men, picked out by Colonel Brown, with whom I at once
proceeded to reach the No. 2 counter gangway through the water
level gangway, leaving it at a point above "breast" No. 52 of the
slope level. Upon reaching this point, it was found that the gases
generated by the fire had filled up all the workings east and west of
it, making further progress impossible. It further demonstrated that
if the men were still in the counter gangway all hope of rescuing
them alive was gone and that they were beyond human aid.
It was supposed by many that Pranzy and Leopold had made their
escape and left the region, fearing a prosecution for firing the mine.
This opinion, however, was shared neither by myself nor by the
officials of the company, and the efforts to recover the bodies of the
two men, as well as to extinguish the fire were carried on with all the
skill, care and vigor that could be summoned up.
For a correct understanding of the nature of the work and its
progress, a brief description of the colliery is necessary.
The Packer No. 5 colliery is situated between the village of Lost
Creek and the town of Girardville; the coal beds are developed by a
shaft 501 feet deep. Its dimensions are 45 feet long and 14 feet wide,
divided into six compartments for hoisting, pumping and up-cast air-
way. About 4,000 feet east of the No. 5 shaft was situated what was
known as the Packer No. 1 (Colorado) colliery; the coal minod al this
colliery has, since the demolition of tlu* No. 1 breaker, been brought
No. 11. SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 235
on the surface by a locomotive to the No. 5 breaker to be prepared for
market. The underground workings of the No. 1 colliery may be con-
sidered tributary to that of No. 5 colliery, or in fact so closely iden-
tified Avith each other that they should be considered but one opera-
tion, as they really are.
Upon examination of the map accompanying this report it will be
t)bserved that the openings on the east consist of a double mouthed
tunnel, together with three slopes sunk on the "Mammoth bed." At
the bottom of the No. 5 shaft a tunnel has been driven southward to
the Buck mountain bed. To comply with the mine law requiring a
second outlet from the shaft level, an opening has been driven in the
"Mammonth bed" from the shaft level connecting with the west level
of No. 1 sloi^e or (No. 1 Colorado). On the west end of the property
a shaft has been sunk and a drift driven on the "Holmes bed." From
these it will be seen that ample provision had been made in the way
of escapement openings in case of accidents. A further examination
of the map exhibits an anticlinal axis passing through the property
giving to the coal beds a north and south dip, both of which are
worked. The ventilating apparatus or fan erected on the top of shaft
has a diameter of 20 feet with blades or vanes 6x6 feet; speed of fan
ordinarily 90 revolutions per minute, producing 105,000 cubic feet of
air per minute.
The points of intake being the crop-falls at Bear Ridge, the water
level tunnel and the slopes and the colliery workings were furnished
with a plentiful supply of fresh air, the course of the air current was
generally speaking west^^ard. A brick and cement wall divided the
main tunnel, the west side being used as a transportation way, and
the east side as the return airway to bottom of shaft.
The tidal elevations of the several important points are as fol
lows:
Top of Packer No. 5 shaft, 1,105 .37
Bottom of Packer No. 5 shaft 603.80
Mouth of water level tunnel, 1,170.30
Top of No. 5 hoisting slope, 1,290.39
Bottom of No. 5 hoisting slope 943.53
Toj) of counter chute (No. 59|), 1,083.00
Bottom of counter chute (No. 59^), 945.00
Water level gangway at turn, 1.184 .00
No. 2 counter gangway at turn, 1,085.00
Active operations, it will be seen, were carried on in four levels,
namely, water level, counter gangway, slope level and the shaft level.
Mining was also carried on in what is known as the seven -foot plane
level from the shaft level.
At ten oVlork on the morning of the first of ^fay a party succeeded
in reaching a point about 15 feet east of the fire, which was found
i
23G REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
burning in the counter chute driven between breasts Nos, 59 and
60 of the West Mammoth slope level gangway. The counter chute
is 240 feet long, ten feet wide and seven feet high, and
through it was passed all the coal mined from the 'breasts"
on the counter gangway. This chute was heavily timbered,
and a quantity of cut coal remained in it, affording abundant
material to feed a fire. The fire originated, as nearly as could be de-
termined, near the bottom of the counter chute, and had its origin
\vithout a question of doubt from a lamp carried by the loader com-
ing in contact witli the dry timber in chute while going up to ascer-
tain the quantity of coal he might have to load. The dry condition
of the chute timbers added to the rapid progress of the fire, giving it
such headAvay as to make it in the meantime impossible to approacli
or get in close i)roximity to it. The distance of the chute from the
j^everal openings is as follows: From the No. 5 slope 3,515 feet; from
the mouth of the water level tunnel to the top of the chute 4,162
feet ; from the bottom of No. 5 shaft 1,335 feet, and from the Holmes
vein outlet 2,695 feet. A party attempted to construct a dam in the
gangway near the fire to prevent if possible the spread of the fire
eastward, but before much could be done in this direction the gases
generated from the burning wood and coal compell 'd them to retreat
and the attempt Avas abandoned.
The Mammoth bed at this point is 33 feet tliick and is inclined at an
angle of 35 degrees, and every effort was made to hold the fire in
check and meanwhile a consultation was had with a view of deciding
u['on the best plan of action. To this Avere called a number of min-
ing experts, and the conclusion I'oached was to fight the fire directly
with hose and pipe. Flooding the entire mine and slushing the area
covered by the fire were both suggested as methods, but for a num-
ber of reasons, the direct method was preferred and the wisdom which
chaiacterized the deliberations in concluding to carry out the methoii
agi'eed upon demonstrated to the satisfaction of all ccmcerned that it
was the best. Immediately upon reaching this conclusion all mate-
I'inl required was sent for and tlie most enei'getic efforts were put
forth to subdue the fire. To reai'h the locality of ihc fire and be able
to remain there and live was the first (piestion to be decided. Some
300 feet west of the counter chute a lunnel had been driven from
the seven-foot to the Mammoth bed. On this level and through it. a
strong current of fresh air was passing and in order to make it pos-
sible to reach the counter chute from this side, a brattice partition
was built in the gangway for some distance eastward, and the air-
current from tunnel turned into and east on the gangway by means
of canvas. The gases, however, became so strong in volume that it
was necessarv to build an air-tight box 6x6 feet, of two-inch ])lnnk
No. 11. SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 237
within ttie gangway eastward to a point near tlie bottom of the coun-
ter chute, which gave very satisfactory results.
Pi'ior to the breaking out of the fire a 4-inch line of gas pipe had
been laiiiifrom the pump at the bottom of No. 5 shaft through the air
yide of the tunnel with necessary connections to extend lateral pipes
to any of the gangways on the shaft level, while the line extended
up to the slope level and through the second outlet in the Mammoth
bed. This pipe serves for conducting compressed air to the power
di'ills when tunnels are being driven, while in case of fire it can be
quickly connected to the pump and used to convey water. A second line
of four-inch pipe was then laid from the pump at the foot of the No.
5 slope along the west gangway, but considerable difficulty was ex-
perienced before reaching the foot of counter chute on account of
the gases from the fire having filled the openings east and north to
the extent that it was dangerous to even approach westward. To
clear away the gases (carbonic acid and carbonic oxide) a "brattice"
was built in the centre of the "gangway" westward from the pillar
between "breasts" Nos, 34 and 35, at the same time closing all the
chutes as the work of building the brattice in the gangway advanced
westward to the counter chute, which cleared away the gases and
enabled the workmen to reach the fire. The "breast" openings north
of the slope level were filled with carbonic oxide gas, and to prevent
any possible danger to the workmen, it was decided to drain this gas
off by means of wooden pipes one foot square inserted through the
batteries in breasts Nos. 39 and 41 opened from No. 5 slope west level
gangway, crossing overhead and connectmg with "breasts" Nos. 14
and 16, opened from No. 5 shaft, east level gangway, and the gases
were conducted direct to the shaft fan, a plan which gave excellent
results. After these arrangements were completed the work of fight
lug the fire north of the counter chute was carried on very satisfac-
torily.
In order to head the fire off and prevent its passing around the end
of the saddle on the counter gangway level, a line of four-inch pipe
was laid along the water level gangway from the top of the colunni
pipe of the slope pump, A No. 10 Knowles pump was also put in
place at the mouth of the drift tunnel and connected with this line.
The line left the water level "gangway" at a point above "breast" No.
52, passed down and across this, and into the next "breast" west and
thence to the No. 2 counter gangway west to the locality of the fire.
( -onnection was also made with the Girard Water Company's main at
Rappahannock, the line coming down the Holmes vein shaft along the
Holmes "gangway" and through the tunnel to the Mammoth bed,
thence eastwardly to the locality of the fire. This gave four main
lines which by means of connections were divided as desired. Valves
were fitted to the play ])ipes at distances sufficiently far from tliefireto
238 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
make it safe to turn on the water, the ends of the play pipes were
alw ays fastened, hence none of the men were required to be near the
tire while the water was playing on it, in fact, no one could have re-
mained at these points and lived.
To properly get at the fire the gangway on either side of the chute
had to be cleared of the fallen coal and slate as quickly as it cooled.
The removal of this material was attended with much danger, since its
place was taken by rushes of burning coal from the chute. When a
sufficient quantity had been removed and the fire on the gangway ex-
tinguished, that in the chute was vigorously attacked and timbering
begun to prevent further falls of top. The repeated rushes of live
coal down the chute from the head made work there extremely haz-
ardous, and in order to furnish a safe retreat a "manway" was driven
along the east "rib" of breast No. 60 through "gob," which was used as
a traveling way; entrance to the chute being had through the head-
ings already driven in the pillars between.
Great care had to be exercised in drawing the coal from the chute
since the heat had affected the pillars between it and breast No. 60
to such an extent that scaling off had begun. As will be observed by
a study of the map, the success of the undertaking depended in cut-
ting off the fire from the head of the chute and preventing it from
extending east or west from this point. To attain this object a most
vigorous attack was made from above on the counter gangway, which
was found to be closed by a mass of burning material which had
fallen from the top and sides for a distance of 100 feet east of the
ciiute. The removal of this material, after cooling, required con-
siderable time, as the opening was small in area, which necessitated
the use of hand barrows.
The material, after being cooled, was wheeled back and dumped
into an old breast opened from the slope level, and as quickly as it
was removed and the fire extinguished for some distance, timber was
put in place to prevent further falls. As might have been expected,
the volume of gas generated by so large a body of burning coal was
very great and the heat intense. The quantity of air passing along
the water level gangway was owing to the falls, etc., (the main fan
l)eing on the opposite side) found to be inadequate, and to remedy
this, it was decided to erect a 16-foot forcing fan at the mouth of the
water level tunnel. Tliis work was assigned to Mr. George H, Tench,
general outside foreman of the York Farm and Blackwood collieries
of the same company. The entiie W(^rk. including the setting of the
engine and fan. and making the steam connections was performed in
the remarkably short period of eleven and one-half hours, the several
parts being entirely dismantled upon their arrival at the mine.
This fan furnished a plentiful supply of air to the counter gangway,
bnt owing to tlio fnct that the currents met. namely that passing
No. 11. SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 239
westward along the west slope level gangway, which had by means of
a door been turned up breast No. 58 to the counter gangway and the
current from the forcing fan on the counter gangway, some difficulty
was experienced in regulating them so as to keep both sections of
men at work. A severe rain storm set in on the nineteenth of May,
continuing for four days. During this time a dam on the shaft level
was built to hold the water back and prevent the pump at bottom of
shaft being submerged and also the upcast to fan being cut olf,
but the pressure of water on the dam proved to be more than it could
sustain and consequently it broke away, cutting off the exhaust fan
as well as drowning the pump. The air-current being cut off, safety
had to be sought upon the surface. To recover the pumps at the foot
of the shaft, tanks holding 1,500 gallons each were constructed on the
cages, and the water was hoisted to surface by this means. As the
period of time to clear the shaft workings was problematical, it was
decided to erect a 16-foot exhaust fan at the top of the Holmes vein
shaft, a spur track was laid from the Lehigh Valley Railroad and a
locomotive run upon it to furnish steam to this fan. The nearest
steam boilers already erected were a half mile distant from this
point. This work was acomplished in 12 hours. After the water
had been hoisted from the shaft workings the main fan was again
put in operation. Near the head and east of the counter chute will
be noticed a triangular block of coal which supported a large area of
roof. The probable condition of this when reached, whether still
standing or not, gave the officials much concern, for upon its condi-
tion much depended. Fortunately it was found intact. A point
where it was expected would, and subsequently did give much trou-
ble, was the bottle-shaped breast, the last one on the north dip of the
counter gangway, which was without any heading or connection to
the other breasts. The fire had worked its way up this about one-
half the distance to the face. As rapidly as the burning coal from it
v,'as cooled and removed its place was taken by more of the same
material. Attempts to drive a pipe through the gob here were not
successful, and it was not until a manway had been driven through
that much progress against it could be made. It was proposed to
drive headings to it from the breast east of it, and through these pla.y
a si ream upon the fire, and failing in this, to build a dam or dams
were suggested so as to flood it. The fire extended to all the headings
and gangways in the vicinity which were followed up and the fire in
each extinguished. On May 9th the gob in breast No. GO was discov-
ered to be on fire by reason of the excessive heat coming therefrom,
but on acocunt of the gases existing, entrance to this breast was im-
possible. Pipes, however, were put through the headings and water
played on the fire until it was extinguished.
After It was supposed that the fire on the oonnter gangway had
240 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
been extiuguislied ii again bioke out and burned fiercely over the
new timbeimg. streams were directed upon this, but witnout mucu
effect until draw holes were made and the burning coal drawn down
through them. To protect the men from being burned by the hoL
water tailing down on them, a canvas was sUetcned along tne collars
of the counter gangway timbers, it being diiJicult to keep a cur-
rent of air up to the face of the burning mass, a second canvas was
placed one foot below the other. Connection was made with the
counter chute and the space between the canvasses served as a re-
turn airway. This assisted very much in keeping a good supply of
fresh air forward to the men wh(m needed. \\ hat hre remained was
followed up and extinguished and by July Dth the tire was entirely
out. On June lith the bodies of I'ranzy and Leopold were recovered
by a party under the leadership of Colonel Brown. They were found
at Ihe point marked O on the map. Evidences were plenty to point
to the fact that they had made no effort to escape, but on the contrary
they built a battery to ward off the poisonous gases and seemingly
lay down to await the arrival of a rescuing party. Had they at-
tempted to escape, it would at the outset have been possible for them
to have passed down breast No. 90 of the south dip slope level gang
wny, and through this opening gotten out safely. Attempted rescue
by this avenue was made useless, after some time had elapsed, owing
to the gasses generated from the tire having tilled these passages.
Although seventy days' hard work were required to extinguish the
tire and the work often attended with great danger from falls, explo
sions and sickness incurred by the presence of noxious gases, it is al-
most marvellous that the extinguishing of the tire was accomplished
with the loss of but a single life, Mr. George Fishburn, inside foreman
of Blackwood colliery, who with other bosses of the company, had
l>een summoned to assist in the work. At about 3 o'clock on the
morning of May 19, Mr. Fishburn, who was in charge of the party
fighting the fire on the counter gangway, mounted a fall and at-
tempted to change the direction of the nozzle playing into the head-
ing leading into breast No. Gl, and while so engaged a piece of coal
weighing about 75 pounds fell, striking him on the right side be-
tween neck and shoulder. His position at the time was such that
the ribs of the left side were broken which penetrated the lung. Mr.
Fisliburn died before he could be removed to the surface. His death
caused universal sorrow, for he was a man of excellent judgment,
cool and brave in the face of danger, and his daily intercourse with
his men, both here and at Blackwood, he won their esteem. During;
the time of extinguishing the fire, samples of the surrounding atmos
phere were taken from the mine in rubber bags frequently during
each day and tested by the "Shaw gas tester," and the "Herapler ab
sorption npparntns," in order to determine exactly the character of
No. 11. SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 241
ilio gases mixing with the air, and to prevent loss of life from the
breathing of the noxious gases. The former of these has already
been described in these reports. A description and directions for
using the latter are included elsewhere in this report. The fact that
these instruments were in constant use, increased the confldence of
the workmen and assured them that the officials were using every
means to protect them against the dangerous gases generated from
the fire.
In view of the possibility of danger in setting tire to the timber in
dry places, such as this counter chute was, I would suggest that men
working in them be obliged to use the Clanay safety lamp and no\
naked lamps, notwithstanding what the workmen may think to the
contrary. During a period of about ten years I have been called
upor to assist in extinguishing 17 mine fires. Twelve of these orig-
inated from a miner's lamp coming inadvertently in contact with dry
timber; the other five originated from a blast igniting the gas.
In extinguishing this mine fire, too much credit cannot be given
to Mr. W. A. Lathrop, general superintendent of the Lehigh Valley
Coal Company, who was present most of the time personally direct
ing the work. His faith in the successful extinguishing of the fire
never wavered, while his presence with his men, sometimes for a
whole day, and occasionally a whole night in the mine added greatly
to encourage them, while Colonel D. P. Brown, division superinten
dent, was almost constantly with one or the other of the working
parties, as was also Mr. Frederick E. Zerby, division engineer at the
time, but now superintendent and engineer of the Hazleton division
of the company.
The mine foremen called from the several collieries of the company
to assist in the work were Messrs. Price, Heaton. Jones and Irvin, of
the Packer collieries, and Messrs. Leckie and Fishburn, of the York
Farm and Blackwood collieries. Mr. McKeone being the foreman of
the colliery which was on fire. Mr. John J. Williams, inspector for
the company, was also summoned to aid in the work. All exhibited
excellent judgment and bravery in carrying out the work assigned to
them.
Major Heber S. Thompson, superintendent and engineer of the
Girard estate, upon whose lands Packer No. 5 colliery is opened, was
almost a dally visitor until the fire was extinguished. Also Mr. John
B. Granger, mine inspector for the Girard estate. Both of these gen
tlemen having had much experience with mine fires, the benefit of
their excellent judgment was freely given and their suggestions from
time to time were of much value.
There is no doubt but that the extinguishing of this fire by the
methods used as described in this report, taking into considerntion
the proportions it had reached in such a short time, and its relative
Ifi- n 04
242 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
proximity to other openings, makes it the greatest success in the his-
tory of mine fires in the anthracite region, for had the mine been
flooded, the bodies of the two unfortunate imprisoned miners would
have been consumed and valuable coal property would in all prob-
ability have been completely destroyed, before enough of water could
have been run into the collierv to have submerged it to water level.
No. 11.
SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
243
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Official Document, No. 11.
SEVENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
(NORTHUMBh^RLAND, COLUMBIA, SCHUYLKILL AND DAUPHIN
COUNTIES.)
Shamokin, Penna., March 19, 1805.
Hon. Isaac B. Brown,
Secretary of Internal Affairs, Harrisburg, Penna.:
Sir: I have the honor to present to you the following report for the
year 1894:
The quantity of coal produced during the year 189-1 was 5,404,82;^
tons, against 5,288,890.88 tons in 3893, an increase of 115,932.12 tons.
The number of fatal accidents \A^as 78, an increase of 1 over the pre-
ceding year. The Henry Clay boiler explosion and the Luke Fidler
colliery fire, by Avhich 7 and 5 lives were lost respectively, greatly
augmented the fatalities.
The non-fatal accidents were 70, against 119 in 1893, a decrease of
43.
On account of the fatal casualties 32 wives were made widows and
88 children orphans.
Several of the fatal accidents were due to the carelessness on the
l)art of the victims, and in some cases were due to direct violations of
law. Three deaths having occurred from jumping on accommodation
wagons while in motion on slopes, while several deaths from prema-
ture explosions would not have occurred had proper care on the part
of the victim l)een exercised.
Respectfully submitted,
EDWARD BRENNAN,
Mine Inspector.
Examination of Applicants for Mine Foremen Certificates.
An examination was held at Pottsville on July the 12th and 13th.
Tlie board consisted of Edward Brennan, Mine Inspector; Andrew
Robertson, coal operator, Shamokin; Robert Muir, miner, Mount Car-
mel, and James Gordon, miner, Ashland.
262 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
The following persons passed a successful examination and were
recommended to ►Secretary of Internal Affairs for certificates of
qualification:
John T. Thomas, Shamokin.
Michael Madden, Shamokin.
Charles F. Long, Wiconisco.
John Marsh, Wilburton.
John E. Ambose, Mount Carmol.
Andrew Gallagher, Centralia.
George Schaum, Centralia.
John Ruffing, Locust Gap.
Condition of the Collieries.
There has been considerable improvement in the condition of the
collieries in this district, especially with regard to ventilation and
things conducive to the safety of the workmen. There are still, how-
ever, some two or three collieries where the ventilation is not what
it should be, two of the collieries being apparently new where such
conditions should not obtain. This is largely due to lack of attention
by those in charge. The managers, however, promise to remedy mat-
ters as soon as possible. If this is not done, extreme measures will
be used to compel them to do so.
Improvements Made During the Year.
Owing to the dull condition of the trade, less work was done in the
way of improvement than for many years past. The Scott shafts,
which were being sunk by the Union Coal Company, were stopped
and allowed them to fill up with w'ater until a revival of trade with a
greater demand for coal would warrant their completion.
The remodelling of the Bear Valley breaker by the Philadelphia
and Reading Coal and Iron Company, and the building of a jig house
at Cameron colliery by the Mineral Railroad and Mining Company,
^■(■rc til? only iinj)rovoni('nts of note ni;itle dnrinu' the year.
Luke Fidler Colliery Fire.
A most disastrous fire occurred at this colliery on the evening of
Oclober 8, between the hours of 7 and 8 o'clock. Trvin Bnffington, a
cirpentar, assisted by John Anderson and Daniel Gallagher, were re-
pairing the air brattices in the No. 1 shaft, (see map), which extends
from the No. 10 to the No. 9 seams. The shaft is operated by bore
hole'"' from the surface; the construction of it is such that the steam
])ir»'« i\vo very close to the air compartment, thus making the brattice'
and t'Trbei in one end of the shaft verv drv. For this reason Ian-
Luke Fidler Colliery
5hamokin Pa, Mar ai.iass.
No. 11. SEVENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 263
terns, only, were used in making repairs, and for fear of fire even
smoking was prohibited. Notwithstanding these rules, Bufifington,
in direct violation of orders, used a naked light and foolishly placed
it against the brattice to look for a leak, thinking to discover it by
having the flame draw up th' ^-'gh the opening. Tn doing this he set
the brattice on fire, and as everj hing was as dry as tinder there was
no possible chance of extinguishing it. Discovering this, Bufifington
went up the shaft, shouldered his tool chest, and started out the
tunnel to make his escape, but so rapidly did the tiames spread that
the fumes overtook him and he paid the penalty of his violation of
orders with his life. At the time the fire broke out there were 60
men at work in various parts of the mini.'. John Anderson, who was in
the shaft, with Bufifington, not flunking of self, went down, and to-
gether with others who w^ent down the new shaft, (see map), notified
all the men they could reach to go to the new shaft, which was the
most accessible place where they could reach the surface with safety.
The colliery, fortunately, is furnished with many avenues of escape,
otherw'ise a greater number of men would have perished. In spite of
all efforts, however, four lives were lost. Two of these victims were
notified to go to the new shaft, but made a mistake and tried to es-
cape by the traveling-way from the foot of the old shaft to the water-
level, (see map), but were overtaken by the fumes from the fire and
were lost. Two others in the No. 3 slope could not be reached, de-
spite every effort. So intense was the fire, and so rapidly did it
spread, that by no efforts could the bodies of the men be reached, al-
though every human exertion was made.
Owing to the location of the fire, it being at both the top and the bot-
tom of the shaft, thus destroying the return air-way, and the mine
generating large quantities of explosive gases, any effort to fight the
lire would have been extremely hazardous, if not suicidal. The only
recourse left was to seal all the openings and fill the mine with water.
This was done by turning in Coal Run creek, and also by pumping
all available water into the mine. It required over one billion gal-
lons of water to fill it to water level. As the fire had gotten above
watei' level, dams had to be constructed in the new shaft, also in the
main tunnel (see section) in order to raise the water above the fire.
This was done successfully, and at this writing the water has been
rim off from above water level and the fire found to be extin-
guished. It was found to have gotten above water level about 100
feet, and did more damage than was expected.
The names of the men whose bodies are still in the mine are George
Brown, Stany Bober. Mike Kovalis and William Bareavidge.
The work of taking out the w'ater below water level has been com
monced. but it will take some time before the bodies can be recov-
ered or the mine o])erated again.
264
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Off. Doc.
Henry Clay Boiler Explosion.
On the morning of October the 11th, at about 7.30 o'clock, one of
the most disastrous boiler explosions which has occurred in the his
tory of mining, happened at the Henry Clay colliery. The plant,
which was almost a new one, contained 34 cylinder boilers. Twenty-
seven of these, without any apparent cause, exploded, killing 7 men
and injuring 2, and utterly demolishing the boiler house, besides
doing damage to the surrounding buildings. Boiler experts from all
sections of the country visited the scene, but none could give any sat-
isfactory reason, or no two agree, as to the cause of the explosion.
All agreed, however, that the material in the boilers was first-class,
and that the explosion was not due to this cause. A strange thing
which may be mentioned was that 15 boilers on one end and 12 on
the other, exploded, while 7 in the centre remained in position and
did not explode. The closest investigation on the part of the com-
pany and also by the coroner's jury, failed to place the cause, conso
quently it will have to be classed among the many of the strange hap-
penings for which no satisfactory reason can be assigned.
Table A — Comparative Statement of Fatal Casualities from Various
Causes that Occurred During the Years 1892, 1893 and 189})..
1892
Suffocated by smoke from mine fire,
Explosions of fire damp,
Falls of coal and roof,
Mine fars an(t machinery,
Fallin{» down slopes and shafts, . . .
Breaking of ropes and chains, . . . .
Explosion of blasting materials, . .
Kicked by mules,
Falling down schutes,
Boiler explosions,
Miscellaneous,
Totals,
45
1893
77
1894
6
6
27
12
3
78
No. 11.
SEVENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Table B — Showimj Number of Tons of Coal Mined b>/ each Company
Number of Fatal Casualities and Number of /Tons Mined for each
Fatality.
Tons Mined.
Deaths.
Tons Mined
per Death.
Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron
C'onipanv, ....
2,052,496
431,674
392,474
306, 133
632,823
294,781
1,294,442
33
10
11
b
4
10
62,197
43,167
35,679
153,066
79, 103
73,695
129,444
Mineral Kail road and Mining Company,
Summit Branch Railroad Company, . . .
Lykens Valley Coal Company, ....
Tiie Union Coal Company, . '
Lewis A. Riley ifc Co.,
Individual Companies,
Totals,
5,404,823
78
576,351
Note— Average number of tons ol coal mined per life lost, 69,293.
Table C — Shoiving the Comparison of Non-Fatal Casualities for the
Years 1892, 1893 and 1891^.
Falls of coal and roof,
Explosions of tire clamp,
Mine cars and machinery, . .
Explosion of blasting materials,
Kicked by mules,
Breaking ot ropes and chains,
Falling down schutes and manways.
Miscellaneous, " . ,
Totals,
Table D— Showing Comparison of the Quantity of Coal Shipped, the
Estimated Quantity Used and Sold at Collieries, and the Total Pro-
ductio7isfor the Years 1892, 1893 and 1894..
1892.
Quantity ot coal shipped,
Quantit}^ of coal used and sold at collieries.
Number of tons produced,
9
5,142,605
322,073
5,464,678
1893.
4,968,273
320,618
5,288,891
1894.
4,973,-335
431,488
5,404,823
266
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Off. Doc.
Table E — Showing General Comparisons Between the Years 1892, 1893
and 189Jf..
Number of persons employed,
Niiml)c»r ot tons of coal mined per life lost, . . . .
Ratio of employes per life lost,
Niimlier of tons of coal mined per person injnrod.
Tons of coal mined per employe,
1892.
18.43;
121,487
410
54,10(1
296
1893.
19,179
68,687
249
44,444
276
1891.
19,121
69,293
245
71,116
283
Table F. — Slunoing the number of persons employed by the several
companies and the number of deaths.
Philadelpliia and Reading Coal and Iron Company,
Mineral Railroad and Mining Company,
Summit Branch Railroad Company,
Lykens Valley Coal < ompanj'^
Tiie Union Coal Company,
Lewis .\. llileyand Company,
Individual collieries,
Totals,
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6,745
10
2,285
11
1,020
2
1,072
8
2,655
4
1,152
10
4,192
78
19,12]
No. 11.
SEVENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
267
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Ofeicial Document, No. 11
EIGHTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
(SUllUYLKILL COUNTY.)
Pottsville, Pa., March 8th, 1895.
Hon. Isaac B. Brown,
Secretary of luiernal Affairs:
Sir : I have the honor of herewith presenting my annual report as
Inspector of Mines of the Eighth Anthracite District for the year
1S94.
The number of lives lost for the year was 20, leaving G wives wid-
ows, and IS children orphans to mourn the loss of husbands and
fathers.
The number of serious nonfatal accidents was 40.
The total production of coal was 3,341,315 tons, and quantity
shipped to market and sold at mines was 3,088,794 tons. In this re-
poi't I have added the production of washeries and several small
places. Some of them have not a sufficient number of persons em-
ployed to bring them under the provisions of the present mining law,
yet the figures showing the amount of coal produced by them may be
intei-esting. The report also contains, besides the usual tables, a de-
scription of the principal improvements made during the year.
Yours very respectfully,
JOHN MAGUIRE,
' ■ Inspector of Mines.
Condition of Collieries.
The general condition of the collieries in this district at the end of
the year as to health and safety of the persons employed therein was
satisfactory. During the year a great deal of work has been done
in reopening and taking the water out of mines that had been aban-
doned many years ago, and allowed to till. This work refjuires
a great deal of care on the part of the workmen engaged in
it, as well as on the part of those in charge, as the openings are gener-
ally found to be badly broken down, the airways closed up and inac-
cessible, with many unseen dangers in the shape of bad top and sidea,;i
280 Reports of the inspectors of mines. Off. doc.
with broken and. rotten supports that are liable to give way when
disturbed. And pent up obnoxious gases that are apt to be dis-
turbed as the water leaves the partly obstructed openings are also
encountered. I am pleased to say that great care and every precau-
tion for safety has been taken by the workmen, the officials and en-
gineers in charge, and while a great deal of dangerous work has been
accomplished, no accidents have occurred from this source. Some
of the mines in this district are attaining a great depth, and we con-
stantly meet with increased dangers requiring constant watchfulness
on the part of those in charge to successfully meet the ever changing
conditions. A mine may be assumed to be perfectly safe to-day, but
changes are liable to occur, particularly where there are heavy pitches
with robbed out and inaccessible workings above, which will change
the conditions in a short time. ' Several new fans have been erected
which improve and increase the air currents where they have been
placed. A considerable number of improvements have been made
and are being made in the matter of drainage, which is fast becoming
a serious question at the deeper mines.
Special care has been taken to see that the machinery in and
around breakers is properly guarded, in order that accidents from
this cause may be prevented as far as possible.
Mine Fire.
At the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company's No. 11 shaft, about
two o'clock on the morning of November I'U, 1S94, a fire started in
the lamp house which was at foot of empty car hoist plane near foot
of shaft. It was discovered by the pumpman after all the other
night shift men had been hoisted up the shaft. As the shaft was
filled with smoke he made his way up the pump hole and gave the
alarm. The fan was stopped and a party of men sent down a hole
inside to open doors to prevent the smoke from traveling through the
inside w^orkings and to shorten the route of the air current. They
accomplished their mission, but being overcome by smoke were as-
sisted by a second party and soon revived after getting to pure air.
The fan was then started, which soon cleared shaft of smoke and
men got down and fought the fire with buckets until pipes were put
down the shaft They also hoisted the 35 mules out in safety.
While this was going on, ashes and water w^ere run down the pump
hole to seal it and prevent the fire from getting into that opening.
The pumps were stopped and water soon raised at bottom of car hoist
and prevented the fire from spreading eastward and also prevented
the men from getting to fire in that direction. They then fought it from
gangway north of shaft, using rafts until water got too high to get
under top of gangway. A line of pipe was then run down the airhole,
No. 11. EIGHTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 281
which is about 300 feet long, pitching from 80 to 87 degrees, and men
traveled up and down that hole and fought the fire from western end
until it was extinguished. The timber was burned out from apex of
plane to near pump hole, a distance of about 100 feet. The vein
being nearly vertical, fell very high where timber was burned, which
greatly hindered the men in their work.
Work was not resumed by the end of year, but is now in shape to
resume again, about six weeks' work having been lost in extinguishing
the fire. The officials acted very promptly and vigorously, and too much
credit cannot be given to the men under them, as they worked with a
will and determination in preventing the spread of a fire that would
have been very expensive to the company and would have entailed a
great loss of time to the workmen.
Colliery Improvements Made During the Year 1894.
Albright Colliery.
The former owners having sunk the Black Mine slope to a depth of 705
feet from the surface on an average dip of about 38 degrees south,
the present owners, The Albright Coal Company, have continued the
slope 300 feet deeper on an average dip of about 55 degrees, and
opened the third lift at 1,005 feet from surface. They have also
continued the slope as a trial slope, 243 feet deeper, striking the basin
about 40 feet below tide level. In the third lift they are now driving
a tunnel south, which is now in 350 feet^and has cut Black Mine vein
on north dip; also the Little Tracy near anticlinal, and will be con-
tinued to the Salome vein. They are also pumping the water out of
the old Salome slope that was abandoned many years ago, and are
now down 380 feet from surface. A 16-foot opening running fan has
been erected on Black mine airhole. A pair of new engines to hoist
coal from Black mine slope, built by the Vulcan Iron Works, 24x48
inches, have been erected. A new breaker containing about 500,000
feet of lumber and fitted with the most approved machinery is near-
ing completion.
The Williams Coal Company has pumped the water out of the old
Spencer and Milnes slopes on the "Sharon" tract, a distance of 650
feet from surface to old level on a dip of about 24 degrees south, and
they are now sinking the slope, which is on the "Spohr" or "Lewis"
vein, and are now 100 feet below the old level. The vein is in good
condition, A small breaker to handle coal while developing, is being
erected, after which a larger structure will be built.
Two Vulcan boilers 18 feet long by 6 feet diameter have been
erected.
The Lytle Colliery. The pumping of water from the old workings
that were abandoned many years ago has been pushed vigorously
282 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
during the year. The water iu the okl Kear Primrose vein slope is
out to the fourth lift. There is yet another lift full of water, but as
the workings in this are not very extensive, it will not take long to
get the water out of it. A tunnel 105 feet long has been driven trom
the Primrose fourth lift gangway to the Holmes vein, to tap some of
the water from the workings of that vein, which were opened from
the Mammoth or ^Vhite Ash vein slope No. '2. The water has been
taken out of the White Ash No. 1 slope to the third lift. Then the
Ko. '2 White Ash slope was reopened and is now following the water
down in this slope to the Fourth lift, which is the lowest level opened
in these slopes. There is yet 90 to 100 feet vertical of water in the
White Ash No. 2 at this writing, December 31, which will be out in a
week or two. Pumps have been put in the Forestville slope, and the
water has been pumped to a depth of 800 feet from surface. There is
yet about 350 feet of water in this slope, but the workings of the
lower lift are not very extensive. The pumping of the water from
these old workings has been retarded a great deal on account of the
slopes and openings being closed and badly broken down, making it
very expensive and tedious job to re-open them in order to follow the
Mater down with the pumps. Every precaution has been taken in
order to conduct the work safely and successfully.
During the year a new lift 27G feet long was sunk in the No. 2
Primrose slope and gangway turned west, making the fourth lift in
this slope. A heading from level of this gangway eastward cuts the
face of the fourth lift gangway from the Kear Primrose slope. Eight
new Vulcan return tubular boilers, 18 feet by 72 inches, have been
erected at the White Ash No. 1 slope. Three new Coatesville return
flue boilers, IG feet by 72 inches, have been erected at the Forestville
slope. Nearly 11,000 feet of old water level gangways have been re-
oijened and several miles of ditches made on surface to prevent water
from going down to lower levels.
Oak Hill Colliery. A new shaft G55 feet deep to level of fourth lift
of Primrose No. 2 slope, has been completed. This shaft is 12 feet by
24^ and is divided into tliree compartments 2 feet seven inches by
12 feet, and the other 8 feet 4 inches by 12 feet, the latter being used
for upcast, on which a new 24-foot diameter Guibal fan, driven by a
20x3G inch direct acting engine, has been placed. A tunnel from bot-
t<mi of shafts connects with Black Heath gangway. The sinking of
this shaft makes an available and good outlet for the Black Heath
workings, which could not be connected to upper workings on ac-
count of anticlinar between them, and it also improves the ventilation
of the whole colliery.
riiamberlain Colliery. Tlio water has been taken om of the Lewis
vein slope to bottom or lliird lift gangway, wliicli is about !)00 feet
No. 11. EIGHTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 283
from surface, on an average dip of about 8G degrees south. This
slope had been abandoned and Idled with water more than thirty
years ago, and much difliculty was found in re-opening it to take
water out, as the slope and other openings were badly broken down.
After getting the water out, a tunnel was driven north, starting 150
feet west of slope on third lift, cutting the Little Tracy vein at 344
feet, and is being continued to the liig Tracy vein. A new lift of 275
feet has been sunk on the Lewis vein slope and gangways in this new
lift started. An airhole has been driven 53 feet west of slope con-
necting the new lift to the old one. The water has also been pumped
out of the slope on Little Tracy vein to bottom, a distance of 535 feet
from surface, and the slope sunk 130 feet deeper, at which point gang
ways were started. An air hole has been driven in Little Tracy vein
from Lewis vein slope and connected to Little Tracy solpe. Founda-
tions for a new 20-foot diameter fan, to be driven by an 18x36-inch
engine, are now being built, A new pair of hoisting engines for
Lewis vein slope, 3GxG0-iuch, htted with steam brake and steam re-
verse gearing, are in course of erection. Six new Stirling boilers
have been erected and a large new breaker fitted with first class ma-
chinery is nearly ready for operation,
Kaska William Colliery, The Dodson Coal Company having sunk a
trial slope 360 feet deep on top bench of Mammoth vein about 80 feet
west of tunnel to top bench, a hole was driven up opposite south end
of tunnel and a double track hoisting slope made of it, A new pair
of hoisting engines, 26x36-inch, placed in tunnel to hoist coal from
tills slope gangwa}^, were extended east and west from bottom of
slope, and a tunnel 92 feet long driven to bottom bench about 300
feet east of slope on which gangways are being driven,
A tunnel for return air course on level of heading was also driven
from top to bottom bench in inside slope. The tunnel west of bot-
tom of shaft that was in about 425 feet has been extended to 1,434
feet, cutting the south dip of North Dale basin, on which gangways
are being driven east and west. They have also started to take the
water out of the old Northdale slope, which was abandoned many
years ago. This water being out will give a new lift of about 500
feet from level of tunnel to slope gangway. A new Jeansville com-
pound duplex pump was put in at bottom of shaft, high pressure cyl-
inders, 42 inches diameter, low pressure 25^ inches diameter, 36-inch
stroke, Avith plungers 12-inch diameter. A hole was bored from sur-
face 500 feet long, 10 inches diameter, in which an 8-inch diameter
]>ipe was placed to carry steam to pumps and inside engines, instead
of having steam pipes in shaft. Three new Jeansville boilers, 18x6
feel, have been added to steam plant. A new dirt plane has been
284 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
made, and a new pair of engines, 12xl8-inch, erected for dirt plane.
The breaker has been repaired, remodeled and fitted up with new
machinery, and was started in October last.
Morea Oolliery. A shaft 12 by 15 feet, divided into two compart-
ments of 7x12 each, was started inside in Mammoth vein, and was
sunk 165 feet, cutting through the seven-foot vein, when it was de-
cided to sink the shaft from the surface to where it was started in-
side. This has been completed, the distance from surface to gang-
way below being 178 feet, making total depth 343 feet. They ex-
I>ected to sink about 100 feet deeper to cut Buck Mountain vein.
Two new Jeansville boilers have been added to steam plant.
Roberts Colliery. In August last, the Roberts Coal Company took
possession of the Schuylkill Valley colliery, lately operated by Lefler,
McTurk & Co., and changed the name to Roberts Colliery, and at once
began to make repairs and improvements to put the colliery in condi-
tion, so that mining could be i^rosecuted on a larger scale. They
have enlarged and retimbered slope which is on Holmes vein 120 feet
long on south dip of 54 degrees, and have built a plane and trestle
from top of slope to grading, level with top of breaker, and doing
away with outside plane hoist. They have started a tunnel at bot-
tom of slope to cross basin to north dip; it is now in 118 feet and has
cut the "Church" or "Primrose" vein. They have also built a gravity
plane outside to run coal from stripping and upper drifts to breaker.
The breaker has also been remodeled and new machinery put in.
East Ridge Colliery. The East Ridge Coal Company took charge
of the Kechline or Mine Hill colliery and changed name to East Ridge
colliery, and commenced to make improvements with a view of in-
creasing the output. They are building a new breaker, and are sink-
ing a new lift on the "Billy" vein slope, also reopening the old Hill
water level tunnel to work the Buck Mountain vein, which was not
worked when tunnel was driven. They are also driving gangways on
Buck Mountain vein in Conner tunnel.
Greenwood No. 13 Colliery. The breaker of this colliery having
been destroyed by fire November 30, 1893, a new breaker has been
erected, which was started to prepare coal on 17th of April, A large
flue boiler of Baldwin manufacture has been added to steam plant.
Tamaqua Colliery. Messrs. Beard and Farber have erected a new
breaker, which was started to work in November. They have also
erected a new large locomotive boiler.
Losch, Moore & Co., having leased the old Lorberry colliery, are
erecting a new breaker and have a few men opening up work in the
old Wheeler tunnel, from which they expect to get their coal by rob-
bing the old Mammoth vein workings.
At the Blackwood colliery, the Lehigh Valley Coal Company has
erected a IG-foot double fan on shaft over the Blackwood tunnel,
No. 11. EIGHTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. 285
wliich takes the place of two fans that were placed higher up the
uiountain. This new fan improves the ventilation, besides shorteu-
. ing the steam lines and preventing the fumes from mine locomotives
from entering the workings.
The Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company has made the following
improvements:
At Colliery No. 8 a new dirt plane has been erected 544 feet long,
on a pitch of 18^ degrees, giving a vertical height of 70 feet above old
banks. The steam power has been increased by adding two batteries
410 horse power, of Babcock and Wilcox boilers.
At colliery No. 12, a trial slope has been sunk 74 yards below the
present level on the Primrose vein, with the view of developing a new
lift. A new pump room, 50x20 feet, has been excavated in the top
rock of the Primrose vein, and a new Jeansville duplex pump put in
place,
A drill hole has been sunk from the surface 315 feet vertical, and
an 8-inch steam pipe laid to the new pump.
At the collieries of the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron
Company the following improvements have been made:
At Brookside Colliery. The East Brookside slope has been sunk to
basin, a distance of 2,327 feet from surface. A tunnel from the No.
5 vein to the No. 4 vein on the No. 4 level has been driven and air-
hole driven to surface on the No. 4 vein, on which a new 21-foot di-
ameter fan, driven by a 16x30-inch engine, has been erected to ven-
tilate the East Brookside workings. In the No. 4 slope, the inside or
Basin slope has been sunk from the third to the fourth lift, and is
still sinking. This slope is sinking eastward along dip of basin, start-
ing at bottom of an inside slope, which is about 800 feet east of the
bottom of No. 4 slope. The pitch distance to face of basin slope from
surface or top of No. 4 slope is about 3,500 feet, with a vertical depth
of about 1,000 feet
Lincoln Colliery. The No. 1 vein slope has been sunk 737 feet below
the fourth lift and is still sinking. The No. 2 vein slope has been
sunk 570 feet below the fourth lift and is still sinking, with a view of
opening two new lifts in each slope. This colliery is the largest pro-
ducer in the district, and the improvements now being made will
keep it in the front rank for many years. Two new tubular boilers,
18 feet long by 6 feet diameter, have been added to the steam plant,
and a tail rope plant is now in course of erection to haul the coal from
top of slopes to breaker.
Good Spring Colliery. The tender slope has been sunk 373 feet
below the first lift gangway and new lift gangways started. This
sIo])e is on the Mammoth vein and tunnels will be driven from new
lift north and south to under and overlying veins.
286 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
A new screen building has been erected on the site of the old Kal-
mia collier}^ breaker, which was put in operation in December to
wash coal from the old Kalmia colliery dirt banks. It is fitted up
vv'ith the most approved machinery.
JNliddle Creek Shaft. This shaft, having previously been sunk to
the Primrose vein at a depth of 597 feet, and the coal on that level
having been exhausted, it has been sunk 190 feet deeper, making a
total depth from surface of 787 feet. From this new level, tunnels
will be driven north and south, cutting the Holmes, Primrose, Mam-
moth and Buck Mountain seams, which will giVe this colliery a. new
lease of life.
Otto Colliery. The workings of the fourth lift of "Nest" or Holmes
vein slope being nearly exhausted, with exception of robbing the
west "White Ash" or bottom bench of Mammoth vein and the east
gangway of Primrose vein, a new^ lift of .^00 feet has been sunk in the
Primrose vein slope and a tunnel driven 147 feet long to Holmes vein,
on which a hole will be driven to connect main hoisting slope in this
vein to the level. This tunnel has been continued 132 feet farther,
cutting the "Black Heath" or top bench of Mammoth vein, on which
an air hole is being driven to level above. The tunnel will be con-
tinued to "White Ash" or bottom bench of Mammoth. A new 12-
foot diameter Guibal fan was erected on Primrose vein airhole, which
was started on September' 15, Inf^i, which improves the ventilation,
being confined to the Primrose vein and new lift, while the old fan
ventilates the old lift only. In the White Ash basin, or bore hole
slope, a new self-acting plane has been made at No. 58 breast on
south dip plane, west gangway. This plane is 70 yards long.
In the "Meed" drift, a tunnel has been driven from the Primrose
vein to the Holmes vein in south dip 190 feet long. A new 1 2-foot
diameter forcing fan has been erected to ventilate the workings of
this drift.
Phoenix Park No. 3 Colliery. A new lift, 315 feet, has been sunk
in slope which is on Diamond vein, making the fifth lift of this slope.
Gangways are being driven on this new lift to take the place of fourth
lift gangways, which are driven to boundary and are being robbed
back. Tlie breaker has been remodeled, and additional machinery
put into it, which increases its capacity.
Clendower Colliery. A hole has been driven to surface a distance
of about 900 feet, 50 yards west of hoisiing slope, which is intended
to bp enlarged for a new pum])ing slope.
Tn the Taylorville slope, a tiinnol 150 feet long has been driven to
the Buck Mountain vein, which was found in good condition, and
gangways are being di'iven oast and west.
No. 11. EIGHTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT. - 287
At the Thomaston colliery a plane has been made in the Buck
Mountain vein 414 feet long.
At the Pine Forest colliery a trial slojie has been sunk on the Buck
Mountain vein 100 yards long from water level. Three holes 8 inches
diameter have been bored 243 feet long from surface to top of slope.
Two of them are being used for hoisting ropes, and the other to take
steam down to pumps. At the Eagle Hill colliery a new lift, 107
yards long, has been sunk in the Holmes vein slope, which makes the
fifth lift, and is about 1,700 feet from surface. A tunnel 150 feet long
has been driven from Holmes to Primrose veins and gangway driven
to line of Primrose slope which will be extended to this level. An
air tunnel also 150 feet long has been driven from Holmes to Prim-
rose veins on level of heading, for ventilation, A tunnel has been
driven north from Holmes vein 010 feet long, cutting the seven foot
top and bottom benches of Mammoth and Skidmore veins, which will
be continued to the Buck Mountain veins. Gangways are being
driven, on all veins cut in tunnels, and airholes are being driven,
which will make this colliery a large producer when the improve-
ments now under way are completed.
Silver Creek Shaft Colliery. The hoisting shaft of this colliery,
which is 914 feet deep to top bench of Mammoth vein, was completed
in 1893, at the bottom of which tunnels have been driven north to
bottom bench of Mammoth and Skidmore veins and south to Seven-
foot vein. A plane was driven on bottom bench of Mammoth, and
tunnel driven south 240 feet, cutting the top bench of Mammoth and
Seven-foot veins. An airhole on Seven-foot vein, 1,100 feet long, was
driven from shaft level, connecting with air shaft, which is 719 feet
deep, and which is divided into two compartments, one 10x10 feet,
for upcast airway, on which a 21-foot diameter fan with double inlet
has been placed to produce ventilation; the other compartment 7x10
feet, is used for lowering and hoisting the men. A traveling way
for men has also been made to bottom of upcast shaft. Separate air-
holes have also been made, connecting each gangway in each vein to
upcast. The breaker, which started to prepare coal in November,
1893, is fitted up with first-class machinery and every modern im-
provement for the preparation of coal. The machinery erected at
this colliery is of the best and most substantial order, and special
care has been taken in opening and laying out the work, both inside
and outside, to secure safety and convenipnc(\
The examination of ai>plicants for certificates of qualification as
mine foremen was lield at the court house iit Pottsville in July, 1894.
The board consisted of John Maguire. Tns])ector; Thomas Doyle, su-
[Krintendent; James P. Walsh and William H. Willoughby, miners.
288
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Off. Doc.
The following named persons were recommended by the board to
the Secretary of Internal Affairs for certificates of qualification as
mine foremen:
Louis Lorenz, Jr., Middleport.
Pat. J. Purcell, Heckscherville.
John W, Dempsey, Minersville.
Mich. Moses, Morea.
Elijah Hale, York Farm.
John Sheiblehut, Yorkville.
Henry Culbert, Joliette.
Table showing quantity of coal produced, number of fatal acci-
dents and number of tons of coal produced per life lost by the differ-
ent companies and individual firms during the year 1894:
Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company, .
Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company, '. .
Lehigh Valley Coal Company,
Dodson Coal Company,
Lytle Coal ('oinpany,
Albright Coal Company,
Cliamberlain (^oal Company,
Individual hruis,
Totals,
1,822,8(30
603,922
153,159
168,969
36,768
47,581
508,056
®
01
•S2
I"
10
6
None.
1
1
1
1
None,
9. f^
OT3
CO,®
&
182,286
100,653^
168,969
36,768
47,581
3,341,315
20 167,0653
Table showing the number of each class of employes in Eighth
Anthracite District for 1894:
Inside.
Inside foremen and fire bosses, 127
Miners, 2,541
Miners' laborers, 1,011
All other company men 2,052
Drivers and runners, 387
Door boys and helpers, 163
Total, 6,281
Outside.
Outside foremen 58
Blacksmiths and carpenters 228
Engineers and firemen 482
Slate pickers, 1 ,605
No. 11.
EIGHTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
289
All other company men, 2,016
Superintendents and clerks, 64
Total, 4,453
Summary.
Tons of coal produced, 3,341,315
Tons of coal shipped and sold at mines, 3,088,794
Tons of coal used at mines for steam and other pur-
poses, 252,521
Tons of coal produced by washeries which are added
to total production, 234,105
Number of fatal accidents, 20
Number of non-fatal accidents, 40
Number of wives left widows, <>
Number of children made fatherless, IS
Number of persons employed, 10,734
Number of kegs of powder used, 45,296
Number of pounds dynamite used, 228,987
Number of steam boilers in use, 771
Number of horses and mules, 1,153
Number of mine locomotives, 15
Tons of coal produced per fatal accident, 167,065^
Tons of coal produced per non-fatyl accident, 83,532 ^
Tons of coal produced per each employe, 311+
Number of mines in operation, 44
Number of washeries in operation 12
Number of collieries idle, 4
Number of collieries doing pumping only, 3
Snuill places for local sales, not enumerated in report,. 7
OLASSIFICA.TION OF FaTAL AND NoN-FaT.AL ACCIDENTS FOR 1894.
Cause of Accidents.
Explosions of fire damp,
Falls of coal aTui roof,
Crushed by mine cars,
By machinery on surface,
By fiilling down slope,
By blasts and explosion of blasting material, .
By explosion of boiler,
By steam pipe bursting Inside,
By falling from trestle,
Kicked by mule, ...
By miscellaneous causes inside and on surface.
Total accidents,
19-11-94
Fatal.
1
6
3
1
1
None,
None,
1
1
1
5
20
Non-
fatal.
5
10
4
5
None,
9
1
None,
None,
None,
6
Totals.
40
6
16
7
6
1
9
1
1
1
1
11
60
290 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OP MINES. Off. Doc.
Classification and Percentage of Fatal Accidents.
Explosions of fire damp, 1 killed, equal to 5 per cent.
Falls of coal and roof, 6 killed, equal to 30 per cent.
Crushed by mine cars, 3 killed, equal to 15 per cent.
By machinery on surface, 1 killed, equal to 5 per cent.
By falling down slope, 1 killed, equal to 5 per cent.
By steam pipe bursting inside, 1 killed, equal to 5 ])er cent.
By falling off trestle, 1 killed, equal to 5 per cent.
Kicked by mule, 1 killed, equal to 5 per cent.
Miscellaneous causes, 5 killed, equal to 25 per cent.
Total, 20 killed, equal to 100 per cent.
No. 11.
EIGHTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
291
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BITHMINODS MINE DISTRICTS.
Official Document,
No. 11.
FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
(ALLEGHENY, FAYETTE, WASHINGTON AND WESTMORELAND
COUNTIES.)
Monongahela, March 1, 1895.
Hon. Isaac B. Brown, Secretary of Internal Affairs:
Sir: In compliance with an act of the General Assembly of Penn-
sylvania relating to Bituminous coal mines, approved May 15, 1893,
I have the honor to herewith submit my annual report as Inspector
of Mines for the First district for the year ending December 31, 1894.
In this report will be found a brief description of each mine in the
district. The usual tables are inserted, also additional ones relative
to fatal and non-fatal accidents.
By the tables it will be seen that twenty-five persons lost their
lives during the year, and eighty-nine were injured. Some of the
latter were of a slight nature, while others were very serious. The
causes from which they occurred are embodied in the report.
Table A. — Montlily report of fatal and non-fatal accidents.
Month.
January,
February,
March,
April, . .
May,
June, . .
July, . . .
August, .
September,
October,
November,
December,
25
17
50
15
7
8
5
1
9
12
9
4
10
9
89
20-11-94
306 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc
Table B. — Chai-acter of fatal accidents.
By premature blast, 1. ^
By falls of slate, 12. j
By falls of coal, 5. !
By falls of coal and slate, 3.
By a fall of horse-back, 1.
By being run over by Dilly trips, 2.
By mine cars, 1.
From subsequent investigations into the causes of those fatalities,
evidence was not wanting to show that a number of them could have
been prevented by the exercise of even ordinary judgment on the part
of the unfortunates.
Table C. — Non- fatal accidents and their causes.
By falls of slate, 32
By falls of coal and slate 4
By falls of coal, 6
By falls of roof coal, 7
By falls of "black jack," 2
By a fall of horse-back, 1
By mine cars, 19
By fire damp, 6
By being struck by posts, 7
By a premature blast, 1
By the ignition of powder and fire damp 1
By a runaway mule, 1
By a blast blowing through a rib 1
By being caught by Dilly line, 1
89
Table D.
The following statistics are compiled from the operators' annual
reports to this office, for the year ending December 31, 1894:
Number of mines in the distriot employing ten or more
74
persons ' ^
Number of miners, men 8,940
Number of miners, boys 427
Number of other persons employed in and about the
1 802
mmes, ^ • -'
Total number employed 11.175
No. 11. FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 307
Pi'oduction of coal, run of mine, tons, 5,282,181
Number of tons of coal shipped, 5,277,104
Ratio of tons of coal produced per each person em-
ployed, 472+
Number of lives lost during the rear, 25
Ratio of coal produced per each life lost, 211,287
Ratio of persons employed per each life lost, 447
Number of persons injured during the year, 81)
Ratio of tons of coal produced per each person injured, 59,350
Number of persons employed per each non-fatal acci-
dent, 125+
Number of days worked during the year, 9,103
Number of kegs of powder used in the mines, 16,387
Total number of horses and mules, 542
Number of steam boilers in use in and about the mines, 117
Number of mine locomotives, 5
Prosecutions for Violation of the Mine Law,
Legal proceedings were brought in six cases against persons for
violation of the Act of May 15, 1893, relating to bituminous coal
mines, as follows: Four for passing the danger signals before the
mine was examined; one for the violation of rule 63, and one for ne-
glect of duty through drunkenness.
Passing Danger Signals.
Lewis Anzie and Joseph Smiley, employed in the Washington mine,
were charged with passing a danger signal in the above mine on the
morning of January 19, before the mine was examined. The case
came up before a local justice of the peace, which resulted in the dis-
charge of Smiley, and in Anzie being held for court. The case of
Anzie was afterdards compromised on the payment of costs.
Joseph and John Rasma, miners, employed in the Catsburg mine,
parsed the danger signal on February 25, before the fire boss had
made his examination and reported the mine "safe." These persons
were tried during the February session of court and a verdict of not
guilty rendered, county for the costs.
Violation of Rule 63.
Stephen Cowilli. a miner em])loyed in the Manown mine, was
charged with firing a blast on January 24, before notifying "all per-
sons who might be endangered thereby.'' This neglect caused the
serious injury of a miner named John Revilli, who worked in an ad-
jacent room.
308 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
On Tuesday, February G, Cowilli was given a hearing before James
L. Graham, J. P., of Elizabeth, which resulted in his being remanded
to the borough lock-up for a further hearing, but during the night of
the day of the hearing, he, in some mysterious manner made his es-
cape.
On February — , I was notified in writing by Samuel O'Neill,
attorney or agent for the Fayette City mine, under date of
February 1, 1894, that he had discharged his mine foreman, W, C.
Gartley, for being intoxicated in the mine. In accordance with sec-
tion two, article twenty-six, the writer, by petition, called the atten-
tion of the court to the matter. On presentation, his honor Judge
Ewing set Saturday, March 31, for the hearing, but in the meantime
it was postponed until April 2. On that day a preliminary hearing
was held in the office of the district attorney at IJniontown, and from
the statements of the witnesses it was soon apparent that the Inspec-
tor had no case, and the district attorney so informed the writer.
It is proper, and in justice to this office, that a full statement of
this suit be given in this report, so as to anticipate any charge being
made that it (the suit) was an "ill advised one." On receiving notice
of the dismissal of Mine Foreman Gartley, I made inquiries to ascer-
tain on what grounds the charge of drunkenness was based, and as a
matter of proof, I was referred to the superintendent and fire boss.
Those parties did not hesitate to say that the mine foreman had been
intoxicated in the mine on January 30, 1894, and also on the 31st of
the same month, and that his condition was such as to render him
unfit for his official duties. (In connection with this unfortunate
affair an explosion of fire damp occurred in this mine on the morning
of the latter date, by which five persons were injured, four of them
seriously.)
While the superintendent was somewhat reserved as to the con-
dition of Mr. Gartley on January 30 and 31, he was positive the
charge of intoxication was true. There was no such reservation on
the part of the fire boss, but on the contrary he let no opportunity
pass in trying to impress on the writer's mind that the charges were
true and could be easily substantiated, but at the hearing he would
not, under oath, make the same statements as he had made pre-
viously to the writer, neither would the superintendent.
This change of base was for some cause unknown to the writer.
Other witnesses were questioned but the result was the same.
In justice to the mine foreman, W.C. Gartley, I will state that he pos-
itively denied that he was intoxicated in the mine or even had intox-
icating liquors of any kind during the period named, and that he
wanted a full and complete investigation made.
During the national strike among the miners, which was inaug-
No. 11. FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 309
urated April 2,1, and "declared ott" June 18, numerous small mines in
pools 5, G, 7 and 8, which had been apparently abandoned some time
before, were cleaned up and persons put to work in them again, and
others which had heretofore given employment to but one or two per-
sons, were increased to nineteen, in some instances.
The activity in the above mines was caused by the great demand
for coal and the good prices ottered for it.
On examination of some of these mines, 1 found them, as regards
ventilation in a terrible condition, there being no visible movement of
the air current at all, and to make matters worse, the workmen were
using as an illuminant an oil which I am informed was taken direct
from the wells. This made the atmosphere of the mine so smoky
that it was almost impossible for one person to see another. I called
the attention of the operators of those mines to what was required
by the act relating to bituminous coal mines, and those who did not
employ a sulficient number of persons to come under the jurisdiction
of this office, I asked to prohibit the use of such oils by the
workmen, which was not only injurious to their health, but it in-
creased the dangers incident to the raining of coal.
I also requested them to give some consideration to the ventilation
of their mines, so as to make the calling of their miners as pleasant
as possible.
The condition of these mines is a good exemplification of what a
great many others would be, were it not for the existence of our ven-
tilation act.
Summary.
The coal produced during the year show^s an excess of 405,874 tons
over that of 1893. The fatal accidents are, in number, the same as in
the year 1893. The non-fatal accidents show an increase of thirty-
three. The number of tons of coal produced per each life lost, was
1G,235 more than that of the previous year, but the ratio to each non-
fatal accident was 29,310 tons less than the year 1893.
By a review of the accidents, fatal and non-fatal, which is given in
this report, it will be readily seen that "falls of slate," "falls of coal"
and "falls of coal and slate" w^ere responsible for a number more than
of all others combined.
We have, in parts of this district, a coal and slate in which slips,
fractures, etc., appear at times so unexpectedly that it will not only
deceive the inexperienced, but the most practical miner, nnd when
we take into consideration the large number of *persons engaged in
the raining of coal in this district who have very little, if any, prac-
* Hungarian, Italian, Slavish, Polish and Finlanders.
310 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
tieal knowledge of the work, 1 am uot surprised at the uuinber of ac-
cidents Avhich occur.
In concluding my rei)ort, I am pleased to say, that the mines of the
district are, in a general way, in a better condition than they were
in the year previous.
All of wliich is respectfulh' submitted,
HENRY LOUTTIT,
Inspector of Mines.
Mines Located on the Monongahela Division of the l*ennsylvauia
Railroad.
Charleroi. On my last visit to this mine, its general condition was
fair. The mine consists of two face and four cross-headings, the air
current of the mine being in two divisions.
To mine the coal, two systems of room work are in use, one of
wliich is the room and pillar, the other double headers. The latter
is thirty-nine feet wide, with a road on either side.
During the year they have extended the rope haulage some 1,800
feet into the mine. , ;
Fidelity. On my last examination of this mine, I found the general
condition satisfactory.
Allen. This mine was, on my last visit, in a general way satisfac-
tory.
Acme. On the date of my last visit to this mine, I found it
in fair condition, with the exception of a few rooms, which were
somewhat deficient in ventilation. Those rooms I suggested should
be ventilated so as to comply with tbe law. I have since been in-
formed by the mine foreman that the niatt(M' had been attended to.
Courtney. Condition of tliis mine, on my last visit, fair. Number
of persons employed insid<\ Ihiily-iight. C^ubic feet of air passing at
inlet, 9,100.
Mines Located on the Pittsburgli and Wheeling Division of tlie Bal-
timore and Ohio Railroad.
Gastonville Nos. 1 and 2. The above mines were not in operation at
my last visit. Among the improvements made at the latter mine dur-
ing the year were tlie sinking of a shaft and the building of a ven-
tilating furnace.
The shaft is six feet in diameter and 1:20 f(»et in de]»tli. Previous to
the sinking of the shaft, a nin<>-inch test hole was drilled, which,
when finished, was found that owing to its proximity to the main en-
try, it was practically impossible to place the furnace as originally
-.mapped out. So. to overcome this difficulty as far as possible, the
No. 11. FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 311
shaft was commenced and continued on the line of the test hole until
within twenty-four feet of the bottom of hole, at which time work on
it was suspended. The furnace was then built some 45 feet from the
above mentioned entry and the shaft connected with it by a "dumb''
drift
The furnace has a grate surface of 64 square feet. Height below
bars, 2 feet; above bars, 4 feet (> inches; width, 8 feet 3 inches;
length of arch, 16 feet, with an elevation of 22 inches.
Anderson. Not in operation on my Jast visit. In operation 111
(lays during the year. Total number of employes, 170.
Nottingham. When last examined the ventilation in parts of the
mine required improvement.
Eclipse. This mine has been worked in two divisions, but on my
last vist they had temporarily abandoned one of them and the whole
force of workmen was placed in the other division. The object
being to work out this part of the mine as rapidly as possible. The
mine was fairly ventilated, but the drainage required improvement.
Snowden. On the date of my last visit to this mine its general con-
dition was satisfactory.
Germania. Condition of mine, on my last visit, fair.
The main headings are driven eight feet wide, with thirty-three feet
of coal pillar between them. The mine is worked (with the exception
of one entry) on the double entry system.
The parallels are driven twenty-four feet apart and so cut off the
main headings as to leave 120 yards between them. From these, the
rooms are turned every 33 feet at a width of 6 feet 6 inches; at this
width they are driven in 15 feet, and then widened out to 24. When
driven up 60 yards they are abandoned and the rib is withdrawn.
Hacket. On my last visit to this mine, the ventilation, in parts of
the same, required improvement. The drainage also required atten-
tion.
Mines Located on the McKeesport and Belle Vernon Division of the
Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad.
Cleveland. The general condition of this mine was, <vhen last ex-
amined, fair.
North Webster. The condition of this mine, on my last visit, was,
in a general way, satisfactory. The inlet air measurement, as shown
by the instrument, was 27,080 cubic feet. This air current w^as in
three divisions, neither of which has above the minimum number of
feet required by law. Improvements have been made on the inside
of the mine to facilitate the haulage. These consist of the making of
a -new double parting and extending the mechanical haulage some
900 feet.
312 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
►Sliepplar. In the early part of tlie year the ventilation of this mine
was very unsatisfactory. This was owing to the ventilator they used
not having enough power to move the air required for the mine. 1
called the attention of the operators to this slate of affairs, and after
some delay a larger furnace was commenced and in due time com-
pleted. This ventilator should give an ample supply of air if proper
attention is given it.
Manown. The coal produced at this mine is all mined by machines.
Total number of persons employed inside on my last visit, 16G —
classed as follows: 16 machine operators, 133 fillers, 9 drivers, 4 day
men, 2 trappers and 2 pick men. Mine was in fair condition.
Mines on the Monongahela Kiver.
{Stony Hill. The condition of this mine in the eai'ly part of the year,
as regards the ventilation, was not satisfactory. The ventilator
used here was a furnace placed quite a distance from the face of the
workings, and in a place where the natural surroundings were against
it To increase the air current in the workings of the mine, a shaft
was put down at the head of the main entry, and a new furnace
placed at the bottom of it.
^V ith an ordinary tire the writer measured 31,000 cubic feet of air
passing the outlet. On my last examination of the mine, its general
condition was fair.
Coal Centre. The "tail rope" system of haulage has been introduced
into this mine during the year, and the following is a general descrip-
tion of the machinery:
Th(j engines are of the most modern design. They are self-con-
tained and have all the latest improvements that are known to the tail
rope system. They are most conveniently constructed, most power-
ful in operation, and beautiful in design. They are rated at 100
horse power, with boilers, ropes, sheaves, rollers and electric signal,
the entire system being complete in every particular. The diameter
of th'i cylinders is 14 inches and the length of the stroke 10 inches.
There are two cylinders connected to one engine shaft at right angles.
Upon this engine shaft is a very strong pinion which carries the
jjower to the drum shaft. There are two drums, each 52 iuclies in
diameter, 30 inches wide on the face, with flanges of sufficient height
to carry two miles of three-quarter-inch wire rope. Both of these
drums are loose upon the drum shaft and are fitted with hard bronze
busbings, a provision made for cheaply renewing the hole in the drum
should it become worn any time upon the drum shaft. These drums
arc driven by means of positive clutches, one for each drum. The
positive clutches are fitted upon two heavy keys which are at right
angles, set firmly into the drum shaft, the clutches sliding in and out
No. 11. FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 313
of ge.u' Upon these keys. The clutches are operated by levers extend-
ing from the fulcrum, which is very close to the clutch, back to the en-
gineer's position upon the footboard.
Each of these drums is provided with a separate brake and brake
band, operated by lever, radius, pawl and ratchet, and is also very
coLver.ient for the engineer; all of the levers, throttle, brakes and so
on ail- vtiy convenient to operate from his position.
The arrangement of these drums is most complete, as the drums
being loose upon the drum shaft, they can be operated at will. Wheu
on(.' drum is hauling the load, the other drum is running loose upou
the shaft and is adjusted or held with sufficient friction to keep the
Inilrope taut \iy the brake lever at the engineers' stand. The object
of this is" not only to keep the rope properly tightened, but to keep
the trip of mine cars properly stretched on their hitchings, also
to prevent the mine cars, on a descending grade, from over-running
the front line. This tension, of course, can be operated, slackened or
tighn I ed at will. An expert engine runner will regulate the speed
of his trip largely by this brake.
The steam plant for operating this machinery consists of two steel
cylinder boilers, each boiler 40 inches in diameter, 28 feet long, and
is so arranged that one or both boilers can be used at will, there
being ample valve provision for shutting the steam off between the
boilovs and the water supply arrangement as well. The boilers are
supplied with water by two injectors; one for each boiler. These
boilers are made of steel, 60,000 pounds tensile strength, and were
fully tested by hydrostatic pressure to 150 pounds pressure per
square inch before they were erected. The plant can be operated
quite successfully with one of these boilers in case of an emergency.
The electric signal in connection with this plant is most complete.
The battery, bells, switches, insulators, etc., are placed in a cabinet
in th'i engine room close to the engineer, a double line extending
through the mine the entire distance or length of the entry in which
the plant is placed or operated, and is convenient to the trip rider
from his seat on the mine wagon, so that he may operate it, or signal
anywhere along the entry to the engineer in the engine house for
stopping, starting, pulling backward or forward, as he may wish.
At th-? present the hauling is d(>ne only in the main entry.
Howevtr, the arrangement is so complete and is such, that at any
ime in the future it may be extended so as to haul an indefinite dis-
tance, or haul from as many side entries as they may desire.
The length of haulage at the present time is one mile.
The grade fluctuates. The heaviest grade against the load is 4
feet in 500 feet, but in the greater part of the distance, the grade is
slightly in favor of the load.
314 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc
TJie line of the entry, over which this haulage operates, is prac-
tically ill the .shape of the letter "Z," there being two turns at nearly
right aiigles.
The size of rope used in this mine is three-fourths of an inch in di-
ameter, of crucible cast steel, seven wires, hemp centre.
These engines v.ill haul from 50 to 100 tons at a load in this mine
at an average rate of speed of say 600 feet per minute, or greater if
necessary. At the present time they haul 40 wagons at one load,
and make a round trip in twenty minutes, thus hauling at the rate of
120 mine wagons an hour, or 1,200 mine wagons in 10 hours. These
min > wagons, including the load, weigh from 4,200 to 4,500 pounds
each.
Owing to the room at the tipple being limited, the machinery was
placed back in the ravine between the first and second hill, and is
locate*! three-quarters of a mile away from the tipple where the coal
is deiiA'ered. The pulling out rope passes around a sheave wheel 80
feet froiii the drum; it passes out through the entry to the tipple at
the river, there around a bull wheel and back into the entry to the
parting at the inner end of the mine. The tail rope passes
around a similar sheave 80 feet from its drum, passing in around
a bull Vvheel at the back end of the parting where the coal is gathered,
from there follows the trip out to the tipple at the river. With this
location, and the system, as it is designed, it has proved most suc-
cessful and satisfactory in its operation.
This entire plant was planned, erected and started running,
hauliii:^ ctn.' in a most satisfactory manner to the company, by J.
and J. B. Milholland, of Pittsburgh, Pa., who seem to be the pioneers
in this country of wire rope liaulage, as they have over 300 of these
now I'unning in successful operation, and they are well known build-
ers of hoisting machinery and mine locomotives.
When the mine was examined last, a portion of the "Old HilT re-
quired improvement in ventilation, but the new part of the mine was
satisfactory.
Buffalo. In operation only 48 days during the year. Active opera-
tions ceased April 21.
Rostraver. Total number of persons employed in and about the
mine. 172. The improvement made at this mine during the year con-
sist of a railroad tipple, with the necessary sidings. This gives fa-
cilities for shipping the product of the mine either by rail or water,
as they may elect.
On my last visit to this mine, the condition was fair.
Little Alps. On the date of my last visit to this mine, I found the
general condition fair. The instrument at outlet registered 24,500
cubic feet. Number of persons employed inside, 43.
No. 11. FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 315
Alougaii. On my first vist to this mine 1 found the ventilation in
inuti-. unsatisfactory, this being caused by the ventilator not having
sufticieut power. As a remedy they allowed the steam from the en-
gine which operates the electric plant, to exhaust into the upcast
shaft. This resulted in an increase in the volume of air moving in the
mine, but on examination I found the quantity still inadequate. It
was evident that some other means would have to be employed to
produce the air required for the mine. A large furnace has since
been built, and I am informed that it is giving good results.
Caledonia. This mine was found, as regards ventilation, in fair
condition, when last examined.
Champion. Number of persons employed inside, on my last visit,
105; entries being driven, 5; cubic feet of air eutering the mine,
19,380.
The mine, with the exception of entries 19 and 20, was in fair con-
dition. The above entries required an increase of air. Suggestions
in this direction were given and I have since been informed that they
have been complied with.
Milesville. The general condition of this mine, as regards ventila-
tion and drainage, was, on my last visit, fair.
An air course on either side of the main entry was being driven and
would, when completed, shorten the air route some 3,000 feet.
These workings will also be used as an airway to split the air into
divisions.
A^'esta No. 3. This mine was not in operation on my last visit. A
few persons were at work, cleaning uj) and posting their places, with
a view of seeking work elsewhere. The mine, I was informed, had
been closed down indefinitely. Condition of mine, fair.
Fox (formerly Leonard). When last examined, the mine was not
giving employment to a sufficient number of persons for the law to
apply to it.
Stonesburg. In operation but 80 days during the year. Persons
employed inside, on my last visit, 114. Condition of mine, unsatis-
factory as regards ventilation and drainage.
Vigilant. A n?Av ventilating fan, 25 feet diauieter, 8 feet wide, was
erected at this mine during the year. This ventilator is of the "Vul-
can Guibal" type, driven direct by an 18-inch by 30-inch engine, built
and erected by the Vulcan Iron Works of Wilkes-Barre, Penna. A
recent test of the plant showed a movement of 139,000 cubic feet of
air per minute in the air course at the foot of the shaft, which is
about two-thirds of the capacity of the fan under favorable condi-
tions. The air courses in the mine were not in the best of condi-
tion at the time of the test, but are being changed and enlarged, and
when this work is completed the plant will, no doubt, show much
better results.
316 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
The fan is arranged for both exhausting and blowing, with double
inlet air courses. The change from exhaust to blow or the reverse is
easily and quickly made by the use of adjustible shutters. When ex-
hausting, one shutter is raised above the cut-otf and the other shutter
lowered in line with the spiral casing. The doors back of the inlet
circles are closed and the doors in the air course at the mouth of the
shaft are open. When blowing, this operation is reversed, the engine
running in the same direction at all times.
The operators of the mine have furnished the fan with excellent
foundations and air courses, and the plant is very creditable to both
builders and owners.
The general condition of this mine, when last examined, was satis-
factory.
Eclipse. — On my last visit to this mine, I found that some parts of
the workings were not sufficiently ventilated, I called the mine
foreman's attention to the matter, with the request that the air be
increased to the legal limit, which suggestion has been complied
with
Climax. — Condition of mine, on last visit, fair, as regards ventila-
tion, but the drainage required improvement.
Vesta Nos. 1 and 2. — When visited, I found the general condition
of each mine satisfactory.
Ella. — On examination of this mine, the general condition was sat-
isfactory.
Among the improvements made at the mine during the year, is a
complete electric mining plant. A ventilating fan sixteen feet in
diameter has also been erected. This fan should, providing proper
attention is given to it, produce all the ventilation required for the
mine and for a large extent of territory yet undeveloped.
Knob. — The general condition of this mine was, on my last visit,
satisfactory.
Albany. — In operation sixty days during the year. One hundred
and seventy-five miners, nine drivers and eighteen other persons
were at work on the date of my last examination. On this visit I
found the general condition of the mine satisfactory. The outlet
air measurement was, as shown by the instrument, 40,000 cubic feet.
Water gauge taken near the ventilating fan registered seven-tenths
of an inch. Horse power in the air 4,4.
Tremont. — The general condition of this mine was, on my last visit,
fair.
Cedar Hill, — On each visit to this mine. T had occasion to complain
in regard to the ventilation and di-ainnge. The mine is operated by
a cooperative company. No work is being done, except on the pil-
lars and entry "stumps."
No. 11. FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 317
Black Diamond. — On the last examination of this mine, I found the
general condition satisfactory. Work was in progress on a proposed
extension of the wire rope haulage. The length at present is 3,900
feet taking the measurement from mine entrance to the return wheel
located at the double parting in the interior of the mine. From this
point two branches will be put into use. One is 2,200 feet in length,
and the other 2,800 feet. The mine has four main and seventeen
cross-headings. The air currents are in two divisions and with the
completion of an over-cast, which is now being constructed, a third
division will be made. As an additional improvement in the sani-
tary condition of the mine, a face entry is being driven from the up-
cast shaft to intersect the cross-headings as they advance, the object
being to give each entry a separate air current.
Washington. — In parts of this mine, on my last visit, the ventila-
tion and drainage required improvement. To remedy the former,
two Clark fans will be erected. Work in this direction has already
been commenced. The drainage will also be given attention.
Fawcett. — This mine has not been in operation for some years.
Crescent. — On the date of my last visit to this mine, only a few
persons were at work inside. T made an examination of the work-
ings and found them, in a general way, fairly good.
This mine is now ventilated by a fan placed on top of the shaft,
previously used as an up-cast for the Vigilant mine. In the descrip-
tion of the latter mine, the fan is also described and cuts of the same
shown.
Old Eagle. — The condition of the mine, when last examined, was, in
a general way, satisfactory.
Bunola. — Number of persons employed inside on the date of my
last visit 130. Cubic feet of air passing over furnace was 28,800.
The volume of air was moving in two divisions, but in parts of the
mine the velocity was so weak that it would not move the vanes of
the Anemometer. To make matters worse, indiscriminate blasting
was allowed. This resulted in what little movement there was in the
air current being so surcharged with powder smoke that it was some-
what diflScult to see surrounding objects. I suggested that the venti-
lation be increased to the legal quantity and also some action bo
taken to prevent the unnecessary blasting. I have since been in-
formed that my suggestions have been complied with.
Jefferson. — Extensive improvements have been made in and about
this mine during the year,
A new tipple which stands four feet higher than the old one has
been built and fully equipped with the necessary machinery for ,the
handling of large quantities of coal. The approach to the tipple has
318 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
been adjusted so as to form part of the incline, making a total length
of the latter of 1,500 feet.
The mechanical haulage has been extended 1,400 feet. To produce
Ihe ventilation for the mine, a six foot Clark fan has been erected,
which I am informed is giving very good results.
Apollo. — On each visit to this mine during the year, I found reason
for calling the attention of the management to some sections of the
law, which were not then complied witli. This had occurred so fre-
quently that I came to the conclusion that there was a disposition
to evade the law relating to bituminous coal mines, and that the only
remedy this oflflce had in the matter was to resort to legal proceed-
ings to compel observance; but before it reached that point a change
was made, and I hope that the result will be that the mine will be
put in condition so that the requirements of the law will be observed.
Catsburg. A complete electric mining machine has been installed
at this mine during the year, at a cost I am informed, of twenty-
eight thousand dollars. In brief, it consists of one one hundred
and sixty horse powder engine; also one one hundred horse powder
generator; seven cutting machines, six of them undermining six
feet, and one seven feet.
Condition of mine as regards ventilation and drainage, satisfac-
tory.
Coal Bluff. On my last visit to this mine, the ventilation was, in
some of tlio ]»arts. Tinsalisfactory. This being a very large iiiiiic.
it requires a large quantity of air to keep it in good sanitary condi-
tion. I take it that this mine should be ventilated by a fan. This I
have suggested.
Little Redstone. On the last examination of this mine, I found the
ventilation in parts of the same not up to the legal requirements.
The making of cut-throughs in the room pillars had been neglected.
I called the attention of the officials of the mine to its condition,
;ind T have since been informed that the matter has been attended to,
and the cause of complaint removed.
Tvil. When last examined, the condition of tliis mine was in a gen-
eral Avay, as regards ventilation jind drainage, fair.
Chamouni. In parts of this mine, when visited last, I found tlie
ventilation inadequate, owing to the improper distribution of the air
current. I suggested that it be increased to the legal requirements.
This has been done.
r.eaumont. In operation 200 days during the year. Total number
of persons employed in and about the mine 215. The mine consists
of four face and eight cross-headings.
The main heading is driven on the butt of the coal and shows a
(}[]) against the load of 4S feet in a distance of 1,900 feet. The en-
No. 11. FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 319
tries are all driven eight feet wide. The parallel entries have a coal
]>illar of fifty feet between them. The blocks are 150 yards. This
gives the rooms from either entry a limit of 75 yards.
Snow Hill. This mine has been operated by the present company
(Alps Coal Company) since the year 1881. The system then in vogue
for working the coal was single entry; this continued until 1890
when the double entry plan was adopted. This seems to have proven
satisfactory. In 1892 the company erected a ventilating fan, 16 feet
in diameter, which, including foundations, etc., cost |4,000,
During the present year they have extended their wire rope haul-
age.
The sanitary condition of the mine has been much improved by
the air being split into divisions, by a system of locating and building
of over-casts. The air current is in three divisions and is so ar-
ranged that each pair of entries is ventilated by fresh air.
In addition to the above improvements, a traveling way has been
made, and is so located as to leave no excuse for persons to travel on
the haulage road. On examination of this mine I found the general
condition of the same satisfactory.
Fayette City. One of the improvements made at this mine during
the year is the installation of mining machines operated by com-
presed air.
As noted elsewhere, an explosion of fire damp occurred in this
mine on the morning of January 31, by which Thornton Hamilton,
Samuel White, Thomas Taylor and Charles Mathews were seriously
and Louis Dewalt slightly injured. These persons were employed as
miners on entry 8, and on the above morning were on their way to
work, and when op])osite an abandoned and worked out room (Xo. 2.3),
the gas took fire from a naked light carried by one of the party. This
explosion occurred a short time after the fire boss had made his ex-
amination and reported the mine ''safe." Upon questioning the fire
boss in regard to his examination of the mine on that morning, he
stated that he found no indication of gas in the above place, and that
it was his opinion that a fall had taken place during the interval
wliich occurred between his examination and the time that the in
jured persons passed, as other ])ei sons passed this point with safety
after the "danger board" was turned.
When last examined they were employing 144 persons inside, class-
ified as follows: 28 machine men. 105 fillers, and 11 other persons.
The air at outlet measured 35,000 cubic feet. The ventilation was,
in a general way, fair. In parts of the mine, the drainage required
improvement.
TTmpire. Tliis mine was not operated very extensively during the
vear; was idl'^ nhen Inst visited.
320 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Walton's Upper and Lower Mines. These mines were in fair con-
dition when last examined.
Hilldale. In operation 145 days during the year. Number of per-
sons employed in and about the mines, 153; cubic feet of air passing
at outlet, 27,000; condition of mine, fair.
Rock Run. General condition of mine when last examined was fair.
Fulton. In operation but 30 days during the year. Persons em-
ployed in and about the mines, 97. On examination, I found the ven-
tilation in parts of the mine very unsatisfactory, the air being very
much impregnated with black damp. I suggested that the quantity
of air required by law be furnished. This suggestion has been com-
plied with. I
Amity. In a general way, this mine was in fair condition when I
made my last visit.
New Eagle. On the date of my last visit to this mine, it was idle,
owing to some trouble between the operators and employes. During
the year the tail rope system of haulage was introduced into the
mine. The distance from the return wheel located in the interior of
the mine to the one at tipple is 1,300 yards, the engines being 9x14
inches. The ropes used are four-eighths and five-eighths, respec-
tively. !
Average number of cars in each trip, 25.
Allequippa. General condition of this mine, on my last visit, was
satisfactory.
Banner. In operation 80 days during the year. The principal work
being done was entry driving.
On the date of my last visit, two cross headings and two water
courses were being driven. The outlet air measurement showed 32,-
000 cubic feet passing the furnace. General condition of mine. fair.
Stockdale. This mine was operated by Mr. John Crombie until the
early part of * From this date until September, it re-
mained idle, when a company of miners leased the place under the
name of the Fulton Coal Company. This firm immediately com-
menced to make such repairs in and about the mines as were deemed
necessary. I examined the mine a short time after operations were
resumed and found it in a very unsatisfactory condition as regards
ventilation and drainage.
Camden. In operation 150 days during the year.
This mine is quite extensive, giving employment, as per last re-
port, to 308 persons.
The original method of working the coal at this mine was by the
single entry system, but a few years ago the double entry system was
adopted. This, it seems, has given general satisfaction.
* No date given.
No. 11. FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 321
Tlie butt headings are diiveu parallel with each other, leaving a
solid pillar of coal 30 feet wide between them. The rooms, oi* work-
ing faces, are turned off of the butt headings thirty-three feet apart.
They are driven in i:i feet at a width of 7 feet. They are then wid-
eiied out 13 feet additional, making a room, its full width, of Ul feet.
At this width they are worked up a distance of 75 yards, when the
rib is withdrawn.
On my last examination of the mine, 1 found the general condition
fair. The air current at the furnace measured 80,200 cubic feet.
Cliff. On my last examination of this mine, I found it in a satisfac-
tory condition.
Abe Hays. In operation but 00 days during the year. Number oi
persons employed inside, 70; outside, 4; condition of mine on last
examination, satisfactory.
Watson. A complete electric mining plant has been installed in
this mine during the year. On my last visit I found it in several
places being driven in advance of the air current, which I suggested
discontinued and the places ventilated before again being worked.
Have since been informed that my suggestions had been complied
with. Number of persons employed inside, on my last visit, 136.
Cincinnati. In my annual report for the year 1893, mention was
made of a proposed slope to connect with the workings of the mine,
so as to have an additional means of ingress and egress. From
various causes very little work was done on the slope during the
year. I hope, however, to be in a position to reports its completion
in my next annual report.
This mine is one of the oldest in the district, and from its very
commencement has given oti' tire damp at times copiously.
As the mine has been very extensively worked, a large number of
abandoned workings is the result. These have at various times
given trouble, owing to the gas accumulating in them. This was the
case during part of the year in an old entry known as "Old 13." The
condition of this part of the workings was such as to cause much
anxiety to the writer, and how to remove the accumulated fire damp
was a subject for serious consideration.
Owing to the position of the workings, it was thought that a cur-
rent of air could be forced through them, making an outlet of the
Buffalo mine shaft, which lies adjacent, but after repeated trials in
this direction, it was found that the openings between the two m.nes
were not at a point where the difficulty could be remedied. Several
other methods were tried for the purpose of removing the gas, but
each in turn proved a failure.
No plan of this part of the workings was known to exist, and al
21-11-94
322 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
our work was on "infoimatiou received'' in regard to the excavated
parts. This was anything but reliable, so it will be seen that we were
working at a disadvantage.
Stoppings w^ere put up in the entrance leading to the workings of
Old 13. Alter doing this, I notified Inspectors Blick and Connor to
meet me at the mine for consultation, with the purpose of forming-
some plan of action. In the meantime, however, an entry (part of
which was driven through part of the upper strata) was started from
near the shaft with the object of intersecting an entry known as "Old
No. 7.*'' This latter entry was connected with Old 13, and if not
closed by falls, a current of air could be forced through the old work-
ings. Fortunately, when holed, the place was sufficiently open to allow
a current of air to travel through the entrance at the point before
mentioned. These stoppings were then removed and a current of air
turned into the place. The accumulated fire damp was so large in
volume that it would fire in a safety lamp at the outlet near shaft
some 14 days afterwards.
1 am pleased to state that this large body of fire damp was re-,
moved without any accident whatever.
AVhen examined on December 22, the mine, as regards ventilation
and drainage, was in fair condition.
Blyth. On my last examination of this mine, but a few persons
were at work inside. Work of an active nature having been sus-
pended owing to the lack of loading facilities.
At the time of my visit, the ventilation was of the continuous cur-
rent system, but work was being done to comply with the law, re-
garding the divisions. With this exception, the mine, as a whole,
was in satisfactory condition.
Anchor. This is a new opening, located on the east side of the river
and nearly ojtposite the borough of Roscoe, and is operated by A. G.
and J. E. Leonard. The mine consists of two main and five cross
headings.
On my first visit, after active operations had begun, I found the
ventilation in parts of the mine very unsatisfactory. This was, in
part, the fault of the person whose duty it was to attend to the fur-
nace. What little air there was circulating through the mine was so
mixed with smoke from pow^der blasts that it was unfit to breathe.
Tliis condition necessitated a request that the mine be so ventilated
as to conform with the law. This the management promised to do.
A fan IG feet in diameter has since been put in position, and with
proper care should produce all the air required for the mine for some
time to come.
* On examination of the mine by Inspector Blick and Conner tliey aprreod that
what was being done was for the best under the circumstances.
No. 11. FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 323
Crowthers. This mine consists of two small drift openings which,
when examined last were emplo,viug eight and six persons, respect-
ively. The ventilation and drainage required attention.
Clipper. On each visit to this mine I had occasion to call the at-
tention of the mine officials to some violation of the act, or non-com-
pliance with its provisions. This was especially the case as regards
the ventilation in parts of the mine. The matter of openings was
also a subject which required adjustment.
An opening which was to be used as an escapement in cases of
emergency was allowed (after being put in a passable condition) to
get into such a condition as to be almost impassable for quite a dis-
tance. I have requested the officials of the mine to have the cause
of complaint removed.
Ohalfant. This mine is located on Dunlap's creek. When last vis-
ited there was not a sufficient number of persons employed to bring
it under the provisions of the law.
Fatal Accidents.
Mike 1 1 niiiiul;!, ;i iniiK'i- cinjdoyt <1 in llic '!''!•( iiiont uiiiic. was. on
.Jaur.;ii-v K!. so badly linrl l>y ;i ])r(nn;il ni-(^ blast thai he lived but IS
hours.
The deceased and Andrew Rando worked together, and previous to
tlie accident they were about to fire a blast in the coal. Hunnula
placed the squib in position and ignited it and then made his way to a
safe position, but after waiting a short time for the blast to fire, the
deceased remarked that the squib had gone out and that he would re-
light it. This Rando protested against, but no attention was given the
warning. The result was that Hunnula went and set fire to the squib
and before he could get out of the way the explosion occurred, throw-
ing the coal, some of which struck the unfortunate man, with the re-
siiii. as abos'c stated. liuiniula w;is a Finlandoi-. 21 years of age,
and single.
Joseph Backo, a miner, was, on January 25th, fatally injured by a
fall of slate in Beaumont mine.
This accident occurred in room 5, entry 7, while the deceased was
at work "bearing in." Owing to the place being cleaned up by two
persons without authority from the mine foreman, I did not get to
see the original position of the room after the accident, but from
what I could learn, a post which the deceased had under the slate
was not in the proper place, and as a consequence was of no prac-
tical use. Backo was a single man, 22 years of age, and a Hungarian
by birth.
Peter Sonslow, a miner, employed in the Climax mine, was on Jan
nary 27th, instantly killed by a fall of coal. Frank Toad, Louis Fer-
324 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Uoc.
rick and the deceased were at work drawing entry pillars, between
entries 9 and 10.
derrick was "bearing in" next to right side of place, Toad on 10 en-
try and directly opposite to where SSonslow was at work. This was
near a break-through and on the corner of pillar a "bearing in " some
12 feet long and about 2 feet 0 inches in depih, coal to the amount of
about 00 bushels fell from this and struck tSonslow, with the above
result. He was warned of the dangerous condition of the breast at
this point by one of his companions, but he answered that it was "all
right." fcsonslow was a native of Hungary, in which country he left a
widow and two children. Deceased was 32 years of age.
Alexander Over and, a miner, 32 years of age, was fatally injured
in Ella mine on February 10th by a fall of slate. Deceased and
Matthew Dewson worked together and at the time of the accident
were engaged in loading a car, when a piece of slate which measured
7 feet long, 2 feet wide and ten inches thick fell, striking Overand,
injuring him so badly that death resulted some nine hours after. TUe
slate, I am informed, was examined thirty minutes previous to its
failing and was considered at that time "safe." Overand was a na-
tive of Scotland. Deceased left a wife and four children.
Thomas Dunn, English, a miner 51 years of age, employed in the
Black Diamond mine, was on the 12th day of February instantly
killed by a fall of slate. Dunn and a son aged 16 years worked to
gether in the main air course, and while at work loading a car, the
slate fell on the deceased. This slate measured 7 feet long, 3 feet
wide and 10 inches thick.
On examining the place where the accident occurred, I found that
some slate had been taken down on the right side of working place,
but on the left side slate had been left up, and from under this the
deceased was shovelling coal into a car when the slate fell. This slate
showed a slip next to the face, which cut it off from any support at
thjs point. One side rested on the coal pillars but the other side was
unsupported and consequently caused the slate to form a leverage on
the coal pillars; this made the slate very dangerous.
Taking into consideration the place as seen afterward, it showed
an oversight on the part of the deceased that cannot be accounted
for. Dunn was an old miner, and as far as practice went, was one
of the best in the kind of work he was engaged in. The deceased
left a widow and three children.
At Black Diamond mine on the 22d day of February, an accident
Dceurred whereby a driver named John McCaliill, iin American, was
instantly killed by mine cars. McCahill, while moving a trip of four
cars on main entry out toward the double parting, was in some mys-
terious manner thrown under the first car of trip, and when found his
No. 11. FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 325
body was lying parallel with the track, face toward centre of entry,
Ihe car oif the track and resting on the body.
A trapper boy, whose door is located quite a distance from where
the body of McCahill was found, says that when deceased passed
through his door that he (McCahill) was sitting on the top of the front
end of the first car of the trip. From this, and tlie distance from the
body at which the deceased's caj) and lamp were found, it is supposed
tliai the cap and lamp were knocked off by coming in contact with
the roof, and being in the dark he jumped off tlie car, and in doing so,
eltlier fell or tripped, and before he could recover himself the cars
caught him. McCahill left a young widow to mourn his untimely
death. Deceased was in his twenty-first year.
Guiseppe Dariguzzie, an Italian miner, 32 years of age, and single,
met instant death on February 24th, by a fall of coal in Blyth mine.
Deceased and Minia Davitt worked together in entry 7, room 27,
and at the time of the accident were engaged as follows: The former
"bearing in" and the latter cleaning the room track. While he was
thus engaged the coal fell, striking him, resulting as above. On
examination of the place I found that they had fired a butt shot;
this did not throw all the coal, but what was left was somewhat
loose under this, and on the end of butt Dariguzzie had been at work.
Davitt informed the writer that some time previous to the fall of the
coal the deceased had tried to get it down but gave it up, and imme-
diately before the deceased started to "bear in" Davitt asked him
how the coal was and the answer was "all right," but he was in error,
for he had worked but a few moments when coal to the amount of
five bushels fell on him.
John Powers, an Irish miner, 44 years of age, was instantly killed
by a fall of coal in Gastonville mine No. 2 on March 16.
The deceased and a brother, Thomas, worked together, and at the
time of the accident were "bearing in" and loading a car, respectively.
Subsequent examination into the cause of this accident showed
that they had a "bearing-in" made in a butt which measured
about 10 feet long and some 3 feet deep. To make room to mine it
deeper, a small charge of powder had been put in immediately under
the "bearing slates," and next to the right rip, but this shot not only
loosened the coal below the "slates." but also the whole breast some-
what: in addition to this a middle shot had been fired which shat-
tered the end of the butt, leaving the coal in an extremely dangerous
condition. At a point near the end of the butt, the deceased was at
work "bearing in," when, without warning, the coal fell. Powers
left a widow and seven children.
John Tromasky, a Slavish miner, 30 years of age. was instantly
killed bv a fall of coal and slate in Acme mine on March 21st.
326 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Jt seems that the deceased and George Poh\ski, who worked with
him, were "bearing in'' on a butt. The latter heard the coal and slate
move and called to Troniask.v to "look out," but before the unfor-
tunate man could do so the fall took place, resulting as above stated.
Tromasky left a widow and one child.
In Champion mine, March 22, Alexander Sabine, an Italian miner,
29 years of age, was so seriously injured b}' a fall of coal and slate
thai, death resulted 11 days after. Sabine was a single man.
On April 7tli an accident occurred in Cliff mine, which resulted in
the instant death of a French miner named Henry Dehose, by a fall
of "horse-back."
The deceased worked in room 24, entrj^ 18, and had but a few cars
It) mine to finish the room. For some unknoAvn reason he left his
room and started up the entry, and when opposite room 25 he was
paught by a fall of horse-back. Inquest held and a verdict of acci-
dental death rendered. Dehose left a widow and seven children.
By Dilly trip, in Gastonville mine No. 1, April 11th, John Mieter-
skey, a Polish miner, 45 j^ears of age, was instantly killed.
This accident occurred near the mine entrance, and from the evi-
dence it seemed that the body was dragged by the trip, some 54 feet.
Three cars of the trip were off the track, the body being found under
the fifth car.
The trapper who attended a door close by, stated that he saw the
deceased in the centre of the entry while the trip was under way,
and that he (Misterskey) made no effort to get into a place of safety
which he could have done, as, while there was no shelter holes at this
point, there was sufficient room between the cars and rib for the trip
to pass him under ordinary circumstances. At the point whei-e the trip
is supposed to have caught him, there was a space of three feet eight
inches, measuring from rail to coal pillar. Verdict of coroner's jury,
accidental deaili. "Misterskey left a idow and Iwo cliildreii.
In Little Kedstone mine, an accident occurred on April 14th where-
by John Shock lost his life by a fall of slate. Deceased worked with
a brotlior, and while they were loading a car, a piece of slate measur-
ing 0 feet 0 inches long, 1 foot fi inches wide, and about 10 inches
thick, fell with the result as above stated.
I am informed that it was known to be unsafe previous to its fall-
ing, and to make it secure, a post was brought to the place to
set, but for some reason unknown to the writer this was not done.
Shock left a widow and two children.
Patrick Oates, Irish, a miner, 00 years of age, was fatally injured
on July 2d, in Blyth mine by a fall of slate. Lived some 30 hours
after.
No. 11. FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 327
After a careful examinaliou of the place where I lie accident oc-
curred, 1 am of the opinion that it was unavoidable. The room beiug
^\•ell posted and the general appearance of the whole showed the
work of a practical miner. The slate which fell measured on an
average 4 feet long, 2 feet wide and some 10 inches thick, the shape
being in the form of what is known in mining parlance as a "pot."
Deceased left a widow and eight children.
John Mikula, Slavish, a miner il years of age, was fatally injured
by a fall of slate in Manown mine on July 3d. Lived some two hours
after. Mikula left a widow and two children.
Miko Katuris, Austrian, a miner 38 years of age, was instantly
killed by a fall of coal in Ivil mine on July 7th. The deceased and
Michael Eeckenwish work together in room 12, entry 38. At the
time of the accident the deceased was "bearing in" on the end of a
butt, while Eeckenwish was drilling a hole in the same butt. While
this work was being done, part of the coal fell with result as above
stated.
These miners were told by a miner who worked in an adjacent
room that the coal was loose and that they had better put a sprag
under it, but they did not heed the advice. Am informed that the
deceased had been in the (country but two weeks. The unfortunate
man left a widow and two children.
Joseph Battallulh, Italian, a miner, was instantly killed in Ivil
mine on August 18th by a fall of coal and slate. The deceased and
vStephen La Franka worked together in room 46, entry 36, and at the
time of the accident the deceased was loading a car, La Franka being
engaged in repairing the room track. While the deceased was load-
ing the coal from the road-head, the coal and slate fell on him, result-
ing in instant death. Battallulh left a widow and three children.
On September 4th, W. H. Teesdale, English, a miner, 38 years of
age, was instantly killed in Eclipse (railroad) mine by a fall of slate
The deceased was driving No. 18 entry, and at the time of the accident
was loading a car. A piece of slate was hanging on side of entry,
under which the deceased had intended to place a post, he having a
post at the face for that purpose, but for some unknown reason he
failed to do so. It fell, resulting as above stated.
He left a wife and five children.
John Lenox. Jr., American, a miner 19 years of age and single, was
fatally injured on October 5th, in Stockdale mine, by a fall of slate.
Lived but six hours after.
John Gilleum, Belgian, miner, aged — years, was on October 8th
fatally injured by a fall of slate in room 16, entry 23, Old Eagle mine,
and died shortly after. At the time of the accident the deceased was
knocking coal from under the slate. A miner who worked in the
328 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
next room just a few moments before it fell, told Gilleum to set a
post under the slate, but the unfortunate man did not heed the warn-
ing, and as a consequence lost liis life. Deceased left a widow and
two children.
Frank Vielli, French, miner, 30 years of age, was fatally injured by
a fall of slate, October 17th, in Nottingham mine. Died some 11
hours after. He left a widow and one child.
John Cutko, Hungarian, miner, 38 years of age, was fatally injured
October 22d, in Climax mine, by a fall of coal. Death resulted some
12 hours later.
Deceased and Peter Alexander were engaged in driving a 12-foot
place for air. They had put off two blasts in the coal, one on either
side, neither of which brought all of the coal down that was under-
mined, but the remainder, however, was somewhat shattered, and to
get it down Cutko commenced to ''shear" (cutting the coal vertically)
the coal on the right of the place and immediately against the pillar.
While at this work, and before he could get to a place of safety, the
coal fell, striking Cutko, resulting as aboive stated. Deceased left a
widow and one child.
On the morning of October 24th, Gaspara Chiafia, Italian, was fa-
tally and Frank Benditi seriously injured by being run over by the
Dilly trip in Stony Hill mine.
These men were not employed at the mine, but had received a prom-
ise of work from Mr. Dixon the operator, and for the purpose of see-
ing the mine foreman they started toward the mine entrance with a
view of entering the same. Mr. Dixon being present and seeing the
object of the men, advised them not to enter the mine until the trip
came out; this warning they did not heed, but entered the mine,
and had not proceeded far until the trip struck them, resulting as
above stated. Chiafia was a single man. I was not informed of
his age.
John Shannic, Polander, a minor, was on November 12th instantly
killed by a fall of slate in room 35, entry 7 of the Allen mine.
Owing to the place having been cleaned up by unauthorized persons
before I visited the mine, I can give no report as to its condition im-
mediately after the accident. From what I can learn, the piece of slate
which fell on the deceased was from a position near the road-head,
and it seems to have been an unavoidable accident. Shannic was 34
years of age and single.
Charles Kulkman, German, a miner, was instantly killed on No-
vember 28th, in Gastonville mine No. 2 by a fall of slate.
Knlkman was working in a room pillar. Some time previous to
the accidoTit a fall had taken ])laco in this part of the workings and
look the "face." The pillar was then "cut-over" some thirteen feet
No, 11. FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 329
from edge of fall. This left a block of coal in the above, thirteen feet
ill length and about eight feet in width. This "block" the deceased
wished to take out, but the mine foreman advised him not to make
any attempt in that direction, as it would be dangerous, and ordered
Kulkman to not work at it at all, but he disobeyed, and the loss of his
life was the result.
Or examination of the place subsequent to the accident, I foun<l
that the deceased had undermined the aforesaid "block" some three
feet deep to its entire length.
Some slate (which measured 4 feet long, 3 feet wide and 14 inches
thick) had also been "up" on the face next to and immediately oppo-
site the pillar proper. Under this piece the deceased was found.
The time of this man's death is not definitely known, but is sup-
posed to have occurred in the neighborhood of 6.30 P. M., as a fellow
miner named Joseph Partman saw him about three-quarters of an
hour before the time the body was found.
He was a single man, 28 years of age.
11
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REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
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Official Document, No. 11.
Second Bituminous District.
(ALLEGHENY, INDIANA AND WESTMORELAND
COUNTIES.)
hwiii, Maich 2, 1895.
Hoij. Isaac B. Brown,
Secretary of Internal Affairs:
Sir: In compliance with the requirements of section 11 of article
10 of the Act of Assembly approved May 15, A. D. 1893, I have the
honor of submitting my annual report as Inspector of Mines for the
Second Bituminous district for the year ending December 31, 1894.
There are at present 72 mines in the district; 66 of these have been
in operation during a part of the year. There was a strike in the
Irwin district which continued for three months. There wei'e six"
mines in Allegheny county on strike from three to five months. The
mines in the Latrobe district also sulfered from a strike for three
months, and the mines have not been in operation much more than,
half time since the strike, except the Westmoreland Gas Coal Com-
pany and the New York and Cleveland Gas Coal Company. There
was a very stubborn strike in the coking part of the district, which
lasted for months, but during a greater part of this time the mines
were running under the protection of the sheriff, and labor was
brought to the region from other localities. All the strikes ended
very disastrously to the men, and when they were over many of them
had to seek new fields of labor, their places having been filled by new
men. Since the strike, the mines in the coking part of the district
have been running very well.
The mines are still improving, both in ventilation and drainage.
There is three or four times as much air at some of the mines as the
law calls for, and this quantity is kept sweeping through the mines.
Two fans and six furnaces were erected during the year, so that there
is but one mine in the district at present which is ventilated by
natui-al means.
A brief description of all the mines is given, with the average
quantity of air in circulation per minute in each mine. The burning
of impure oil for lighting purposes is still causing some trouble, and
342
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Off. Doc.
men are complainiug that it is impossible to pioeure a good quality
of oil. Tlun'e is some truth in this, but I believe we will be able to
overcome it in a short time. There are 1,155 more persons em-
ployed in the district than there were in the year 1893.
The following table shows the number of accidents, their causes,
etc., that occurred during the year:
By falling slate,
Py falling coal, .
By mine wagons,
By a fall of roof,
B3^ being run over on the Dilly road,
By being struck by a post,
By au iron rail,
Totals,
Widows by fatalities,
Orptians by fatalities,
Fatal.
18
Non-
fatal.
22
4
10
39
9
16
After a careful investigation of these accidents, I found that eight
of them were caused by stubbornness, or willful carelessness. Sev-
eral of the others who were killed had been in the mine only a short
tiuie and knew nothing of the danger encountered in mming. Some
of them had been warned of the danger a few minutes before they
were killed, but they gaA'e no attention to these repeated warnings.
Five of the persons killed were English-speaking people. The other
thirteen were foreigners.
I regret to have to report an increase of four in the death rate, and
-eleven of the non-fatal accidents. This, in a great measure, may
be attributed to the unskillfulness of a majority of the victims them-
sf Ives. A strict enforcement of the law and rules by the mine otti-
cials would, I believe, lessen the number of accidents. Danger-
ous places should be visited and inspected, and officials should not try
to hide behind the law.
The stricter the officials are, the fewer accid .nts they will have to
report. This much I have discovered in my otHicial capacity, that no
matter how often the oflBcials visit the working places, they will
always find some one working in <hinger who needs to be warned and
severely reprimanded for his carelessness. One of the most fruit I'nl
causes of accidents is from falls of slate, and care should be taken in
.sertiiig ])osts. The posts should always be set ]»lumb or on angle
with the roof and floor. Tlie cajt ])ieces should always be set across
the slips in the slate. The slate should always be posted, no matter
]:ow strong it sounds. The conl should be well spragged and all pre-
No. 11. SECOND BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 343
cautionary measures taken to insure safety. If this were done, tliere
would be fewer accidents to report. I hardly ever visit a mine but I
tind some one working in danger, and after looking over all the
ground, it surprises me very often that there are so few accidents.
The following statistics are a summary of reports from all the
mines, as set out in the tables:
Mines in the district, 72
Mines in the district operated, 66
JS'umber of persons employed inside of mines, 9,351
Number of persons employed outside 2,798
Total number of persons employed, 12,149
Tons of coal mined, of 2,000 pounds each, 6,424,633
Tons of coal shipped of 2,000 pounds each, 4,000,777
Tons of coke manufactured of 2,000 pounds each, 1,225,243
Tons of coal mined for each fatal accident, 356,925
Tons of coal mined to each non-fatal accident, 164,734
Number of days Avorked by all of the mines, 12,171
Average number of days worked by the sixty-six mines, 184
Number of employes for each fatal accident, 675
Number of employes for each nou-fatal accident, 311
Number of horses and mules in use, 1,055
Number of coke ovens in the district, . 7,155
Number of mine locomotives in use, 3
Number of kegs of powder reported as used in the
mines, 344
Number of steam boilers in use, 229
Number of pumps in use, m
Ni:mber of stationary engines used for hoisting and
hauling coal, 68
From the foregoing statistics the reader will be able to see that the
production of coal has fallen off 211,075 tons, as compared with last
year's production. Notwithstanding the decreased production of
coal, there were 1,155 more persons employed in the district. This,
with the low price of mining, was the cause of the wages of the min-
ers being very low. I know of some men in the district having only
f!3.12 to draw for two weeks, and having wives and children to sup-
port. How they livc^d I cannot imagine. Of course, they were Hun-
garians, and they can live when the American and his family w^oukl
starve. I have no recollection of the coal trade being in such a de
plorable condition as it is now, and the present prospect looks very
discouraging. There were* three mines in the district that worked
less than 100 days. Three worked one-third time. Twelve one-half
time, and there were only two mines that worked 300 days.
344 REPORTS OP THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Coal is mined now for less than it was before the war, and rents
and provisions are much higher. The mining law of 1893 is giving
great satisfaction and is well observed by the operators. We had a
miner from the anthracite region who had a miner's certificate from
that region, who opened his safety lamp in one of our gaseous mines.
We brought suit against him and he got very indignant and got
away before he was arrested. We propose to prosecute every viola-
tion of the law, no matter where they come from or what they know.
There are 50 per cent, of the mines generating fire damp C. H.-4, and
we have had no explosion during the year.
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM JENKINS,
Inspector of Mines.
Description of Mines and Improvements in the Second Bituminous
District.
Alexandria Mine. This mine is in very fair condition, with an aver-
age of 28,965 cubic feet of air going out at the outlet per minute.
This volume is divided and is fairly distributed throughout the work-
ing places. The mine drains are also in fair condition. The outside
improvements are a large boiler house and two tubular boilers of 100
horse power each.
Mine foreman, Daniel Campbell.
Arona Mine. This mine has been kept in a healthful condition dur-
ing the year, with an average of 35,670 cubic feet of air going out at
the outlet per minute. This volume is well distributed through the
working places. The mine drainage is also in good condition. One
additional boiler, a haulage engine, and a tail rope system of haulage
lias been put into the mine.
Mine foreman, William Nesbit.
Calumet Shaft. This mine has been kept in a healthful condition
duiiug the year, with an average of 46,018 cubic feet of air going in at
llie inlet per minute. This volume is in three divisions, jind is well
conducted through the working places. The mine drainage is in very
good condition also. An air eompressure 7x9 inches, has been
erected at the mine, and is used for pumping the water out of the dip
workings.
Mine foreman, John Nicholson.
Carbon Mine. The condition of this mine is very good, both as re-
gards ventilation and drainage. The average volume of air passing
nt the inlet per minute is 43,730 cubic feet. This volume is divided
into three splits and is well circulated t*hrough tho working plnces.
No. 11. SECOND BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 345
The outside improvements are a coke crusher, having a capacity of
seventy-five tons per day.
Mine foreman, Joseph Weightman.
Chiride Mine. This mine has been kept in a safe and healthy condi-
tion during the year, with an average of 19,748 cubic feet of air pass-
ing at the outlet per minute. This volume is in two divisions and is
fairly conducted through the working places. The mine drainage is
kept in very good condition.
Mine foreman, William Johnston.
Dnquesne Mine. This mine has been kept in fair condition, both as
• regards ventilation and drainage during the year, with an average
of 23,120 cubic feet of air passing at the outlet per minute. There
are three inlets of air coming into the mine, and this is fairly distrib-
uted through the working places.
Mine foreman, Mark James.
Derry Shaft. This mine has been kept in a safe and healthful condi-
tion during the year. The average volume of air passing at the inlet
per minute is 69,000 cubic feet. This volume is divided into five
splits and is well conducted through the working places. The mine
drainage is in good condition. Ten flue boilers, size 5^x16 feet, with
57 flues in eacli boiler, have been erected at the mine.
Mine foreman, John Baker.
Denmark Mine. The condition of this mine has been improved
since my last report. An additional inlet has been made, and the
fresh air from this inlet is conducted to the face of the working
places. The volume of air passing at the inlets per minute is 41,553
curie feet. This is divided into three splits. The mine drainage is
also in very fair condition.
Mine foreman, Edmond Whiteman.
Greensburg Nos. 1 and 2 Mines —
Greensburg No. 1 Mine. This mine has been kept in a safe and
healthy condition during the year, with an average of 28,233 cubic
feet of air passing at the inlet per minute. This volume is divided
into three splits and is well conducted through the working places.
The mine drainage is also kept in good condition.
Mine foreman, David Clark.
Greensburg No. 2 Mine. A Murphy fan six feet in diameter, driven
by an engine 10xl6-inch, has been erected at the mine during the
year; also a flue boiler 4^x15 feet to furnish steam for the fan. On
my last visit I measured 20,090 cubic feet of air passing at the inlet
per minute. This volume is well distributed through the working
places. The mine drainage is also in good condition. Mine foreman,
John McTntyre.
Gem Mine, This mine has not been in operation a great while dur-
ing the Tear, so they have not been able to reach the air shaft with
346 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
tliejr heading, and the furnace has not been built yet. The average
amount of air passing at tlie outlet per minute' was 7,105 cubic feet.
This A'olume was fairly distributed through the mine. The mine
drainage was in good condition. Mine foreman, John Bell.
H. C Frick Coke Company Mines —
Standard No. 2 Shaft. The condition of this mine in regard to safe-
ty and healthfulness has been very good during the year. The aver-
age volume of air passing at the inlet per minute is 100,408 cubic feet.
This volume is in seven splits and is well conducted through the
working places. The mine drainage is also in good condition. On
mj' third visit I measured 1(!5,000 cubic feet per minute passing at
the inlet, with the fan making 58 revolutions, and showing a water
gauge of 1.2 inches. Mine foreman, Robert Hay.
Mammoth Shaft and Slope. These mines have been kept in very
good condition both as regards ventilation and drainage. There was
no tire damp C. H. 4 reported in the mine during the year. The aver-
age volume of air passing at the inlet per minute was 61,455 cubic
feet. This volume is in four splits and is well distributed through
the working places. Two additional overcasts have been built of
luick and railroad iron; area of each 70 feet and 62 feet. A pump-
ing station has been erected near the foot of the slope, 4,500 feet from
the shaft, size 14x50 feet. The roof is taken down to the sand rock
and a drill hole 10 inches in diameter and 300 feet in depth was just
put down. The water from the dip working is pumped to the surface
with a (torder air i»ump 12ix24x:)() indies. An air line <> inches in
diameter and 4,500 feet long supplies air for this purpose. On my
last visit 1 noticed that the fan was making 54 revolutions per minute,
showing a water gauge of 1.2 inches and producing 61,455 cubic feet
of air per minute. Mine foreman, James Eaton.
Monastery Slope. This mine has been kept in very good condition
during the year, with an average of 35,.300 cubic feet of air passing
at the outlet per minute. This volume is in three splits and is
fairly distiibuted through the working places. The drainage is also
in fair condition, A Avater line has been laid to the Loyalhanna
(Tcek for the purj)Ose of supplying the boilers with water. Mine
for( man, George W. Wilkes.
Stnndard Slojie. There has been no work done in the mine except
cleaning up and repairing. Mine foreman, Alexander Erskine.
Saint Clair Mine. This mine has been kept in reasonably fair condi-
tion during the year. The average volume of air ]tassing at the out-
let per minute was 18,500 cubic fe't. This volume is fairly distrib-
uted through the working places. The mine drainage is also in fair
conditioTi. l\Tine fnremnn. Jnmfs Wnrdlv.
No. 11. SECOND BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 347
Hostetter-Connellsville Coke Company's Mines —
Whitney Mine. This mine has been kept in a safe and healthful
condition during the jear, with an average of 52,250 cubic feet of air
passing at the inlet per minute. This volume is divided into four
sj^lits, and is well conducted through the working places. A bore
hole 10 inches in diameter and 185 feet in depth was put down, and a
Lafayette steam pump, size 12x24x36 inches, was put in for pumping
purposes. The drainage is in good condition. I noticed on my last
visit that the fan was making 50 revolutions per minute, showing
water gauge of three-tenths of an inch, and producing ^0,500 cubic
feet of air. Mine foreman, Mathew Laick.
Hostetter Mine. The condition of this mine, both as regards ventil-
ation and drainage is very good. The average volume of air passing
at the inlet per minute was 48,333 cubic feet. This volume is divided
into five splits and is well conduc.ted through the working places. A
boiler house 24x40 feet, and a brick safety lamp house has been
erected. On my last visit I noticed that the fan was making 45 rev-
olutions per minute, showing a water gauge of two and a half -tenths,
and producing 47,500 cubic feet of air per minute. Mine foreman,
Ceorge Eustis.
Hecla Nos. 1 and 2 Shafts-
No. 1 Shaft. This mine has been kept in very good condition dur-
ing the year, both as regards ventilation and drainage. The average
volume of air passing at the inlet per minute is 41,470 cubic feet.
This volume is in two divisions, and is well condiicted through tlie
working places. Mine foreman, William Dean.
No. 2 Shaft. Three brick stoppings with 13-inch wall have been
built between the main intake and outlet to prevent leakage of air.
The mine has been kept in very good condition during the year, both
as regards ventilation and drainage. The average volume of air
parsing at the inlet per minute was 52,5.53 cubic feet. This volume
is in several splits and is well circulated through the working places.
On my last visit I noticed that the fan was making 25 revolutions
I)er minute, with a water gauge of five-tenths of an inch, and pro-
ducing 62,440 cubic feet of air. Mine foreman, William Snedden,
Hampton Mine. This mine has been kept in a reasonably fair con-
dition during the year, both as regards ventilation and drainage.
TIk' average volume of air passing at the outlet per minute was 23,-
920 feet. This volume comes in at three inlets and is fairly distrib-
uted through the working places. Mine foreman, Edgar Thompson.
Hempfield Mine. This mine has been kept in a reasonably fair
condition during the year, with an average of 43.056 cubic feet pass-
ing at the inlet per minute. This volume is in three divisions and is
348 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
well conducted through the working places. The drainage is also in
good condition. Mine foreman, Ralph Dawson.
Isabella Furnace Mine. A twelve-foot diameter fan, size of engine
12x15 inches. The fan is run by belt and has been erected at the
mine during the year. The fan was built by Hockensmith & Wag-
oner, of Irwin, Pa. The fan is giving perfect satisfaction. On my
last visit I measured 67,2((0 cubic feet of air going out at the outlet
iter minute, with the fan running at 74 revolutions. This fan will
produce ample ventilation for the mine. A few changes are needed
to conduct .the air into the faces of the working places, which will be
done as soon as possible. The drainage of the mine is kept in fair
condition. Mine foreman, Morris J. Lewis.
Jamison Mine. This mine is in very good condition, both as regards
ventilation and drainage. The average amount of air going out at
the outlet per minute is 13,510 cubic feet. This volume is fairly dis-
tributed through the working places. A pair of double haulage en-
gines have been erected at the mine, size of cylinders, 14x16 inches,
iind a flue boiler 5x16 feet. Mine foreman, John A. Hart.
Lucesco Mine. This mine has worked very irregular during the
year, and did not come under the provisions of the law at all times.
I visited the mine four times, and there was from 9 to 44 persons em-
ployed in it. A small furnace was built and a Syphon pipe laid for
driiinage. The mine is in fair condition, with an average of 4,800
cubic feet of air going out at the outlet per minute. Mine foreman,
S. U. Phillips.
Lockport Mine. This mine was in operation only a few months dur-
ing the year. I made three visits to it and on my last visit it was
idle. I have generally found the mine in fair condition, with an
average of 6,900 cubic feet of air passing at the outlet per minute.
Mine foreman, JTohn Walters.
Loyalhanna Coal and Coke Company's Mines —
Loyalhanna No. 1 Shaft. — This mine has been kept in a very fair
and healthful condition during the year. The average volume of air
going in at the inlet per minute is 27,580 cubic feet. This is in three
divisions and is fairly conducted through the working places, The
mine drainage is also in good condition. Mine foreman, Alexander-
Park.
Loyalhanna No. 2 Shaft. This is fi new ()]>ening sunk during the
year, situated on the Ligonier Valley Railroad, one and one-fourth
iniles southwest from Latrobe station in Westmoreland county, and
is operated by the Loyalhanna Coal and Coke Company. The coal is
reached by a shaft 12x20 feet and ISO feet in depth, which is all tim-
bered with 10xl2-inch oak in rectangular sections 4 feet 6 inches
from centre to centre, paneled in with 3-inch plank, and divided into
No. 11. SECOND BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 349
three compartments by 10xl2-inch oak buntings. Two are for cage-
wajs 10 feet 2 inches by 6 feet 4 inches. The other is a water and
steam way 10 feet 2 inches by 4 feet 4 inches. Two rings are cut in
the shaft rock for the purpose of carrying olf the surface water. A
pump house has been erected near the bottom of the shaft 160 feet
long, 10 feet wide and 10 feet high, timbered with SxlO-inch oak,
strongly lagged overhead. Five pumps are placed in this pump
house, which are used to pump the water from these shafts, namely,
Loyalhanna No. 1, Loyalhanna No. 2 and Pandora.
One "Allison Cataract" pump, 12-inch suction, 12-inch discharge,
0-foot stroke.
One "Allison Cataract" pump, 8-inch suction, 8-inch discharge, 4
foot 6-inch stroke.
One Yough pump, 12-inch suction, 10-inch discharge, 2-foot 6-inch
stroke.
One Yough pump, 8-inch suction, 8-inch discharge, 2-foot 6-inch
stroke.
One Yough pump, 6-inch suction, 0-inch discharge, 2-foot stroke.
One Barr quadruple pump, 4-inch suction, 3-inch discharge, 1-foot
siroke.
The last named pump is used in the shaft to pump the water from
the rings to the surface. There are three water lines used in the
shaft.
One 18-inch cast iron line.
One 16-inch cast iron line.
One 2-inch wrought iron line.
The steam for these pumps is supplied from boilers on the surface
through a 6-inch pipe, and the exhaust is returned through an 8-inch
pipe. The outside improvements are a head frame 38 feet in height,
which is built of Georgia pine; the guides are of the same material.
Substantial trestles and tipples with dumping machinery have been
built to load railroad cars. The engine house is 26 feet by 28 feet 0
inches by 14 feet high, built and covered with corrugated steel. One
pair of engines, cylinders 14x124 inches, geared, engines 6 feet,
gvocved drums. The ropes are one and one-fourth-inch steel, fitted
to steel cages with bridle chains and safety catches.
A boiler house 30 feet 6 inches by 35 feet, and 14 feet high, built
and is covered with corrugated steel. It contains three boilers
of 80 horse power each. These boilers supply the steam for hoisting
and pumping purposes. Two 22.000 gallon capacity tanks supply
the water for boilers, etc., from a 22-foot elevation. A Barr quadru-
ple pump, which is directly connected with the tanks and fire appa
ratuj=, is provided for tenement houses. Blacksmith shop and other
necessary buildings have been erected.
This mine is ventilated bv the 2.5-foot fan at the Pandora shaft.
350 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
There was on my last visit, 25,110 cubic feet of air per minute pass-
ing at the shaft. This volume is well couducted through the work-
ing places. The mine drainage is also in good condition. Mine fore-
man, Enoch Bowley.
Pandora Shaft. On my visit to tliis mine, July 11th, they were just
starting up after a long spell of idleness. They were cleaning up
and getting the mine in order. I measured 36,400 cubic feet of air
passing at the inlet per minute. This volume was fairly distributed
through the working places. The mine drainage was also in fair con-
dition. Two 23,000-gallon capacity water tanks, one blacksmith
and carpenter shop, and an oil house were built outside. Mine fore-
man, John Park.
Latrobe Coke Works Mine. This miue has been kept in a healthful
and safe condition during the year. The average volume of air pass-
ing at the inlet per minute was 31,075 cubic feet. This is divided
and is well conducted through the working places. The miue drain-
age is also in very good condition. Mine foreman, Stephen Ark-
wright.
Graceton Nos. 1 and 2 Mines —
No. 1 Mine. There were 11 persons employed in this miue when 1
made my last visit on December 31st. The fan was not running,
owing to everything having been frozen up. There was a small quan-
tity of air in circulation, however, but not sufficient to move the
animometer. The mine drainage was in good condition.
No. 2 Mine. This mine is in very good condition, both as regards
ventilation and drainage. The average volume of air passing at the
outlet per minute was 29,400 cubic feet, aud this volume is well con-
ducted through the working places. The product of this mine is
principally used for coke, and they have erected a German coal
washer, which the patentee claims will wash all the impurities out of
the coal. Mine foreman, John Lochrie.
M. Saxman Mine. This mine is still ventilated by the natural forces.
The 0])erator complained of the hard times, and the mine was only in
operation 110 days during the year. The mine is well arranged for
a nntural current of air, but notwithstanding all this, there are two
oi' tliiee months in the year that we have but very little natural cur-
reitt. Before another year has ]);!ssed I will see that a fan is erected
at the mine. The avei'age voliiui" of air going out at the outlet pei'
minute is 22.295 cubic feet. Tliis is ^^ll('n the weatluM- is favorable.
The mine drainage is in first class condition. Mine foi'enian, John
0. Dovey.
Madison Mine. A fan l(i fool in dinmoter, driven by an engine,
cylinder 12x18 inches, which is attached directly to the fan, has been
erected. An endless rope haulage engine, cylinder 20x3r)inrli, nnd
1^-iuch wire rope, also a Lafayette pump, steam cylinder 18x44-inch,
No. 11. SECOND BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 351
and water cylinder 12x44-incli. The mine is now in very good condi-
tion, both as regards ventilation and drainage. The average volume
of air passing at the inlet per minute was 32,913 cubic feet. This is
fairly distributed through the working places. Mine foreman, Harry
Gardner.
Maher Nos. 1 and 2 Mines —
No. 1 mine is nearly exhausted; there is nothing left now but ribs
and heading slumps. The mine is in fair condition, with an average;
of 9.600 cubic feet of air passing at the outlet per minute.
No. 2 Mine. A furnace has been built in this mine during the year,
which gives very satisfactory results; size of furnace, fire bed 5 feet
2 inches by 6 feet equals 31 square feet, length of arch, 12 feet. The
air shaft is 24 feet in depth with a stack on top 20 feet in height.
The average volume of air in circulation was 7,140 cubic feet per min-
ute. On my , last visit I measured 14,520 cubic feet passing
at the outlet per minute, and this volume was well conducted through
the working places. The mine drainage was also in very good condi-
tion. William Beveridge is foreman of both these mines.
Millw^ood Shaft. The general condition of this mine has been very
good during the year, both as regards ventilation and drainage. The
average volume of air passing at the outlet per minute was 23,200
cubic feet.
On my last visit, the fan was making 78 revolutions per minute
aud showing a water gauge of seven-tenths of an inch, and producing
21,120 cubic feet of air. Mine foreman, Thomas Thomas.
Ocean Shaft. This shaft is located on the Hempfleld branch of the
Pennsylvania Kailroad in Sewickly township, Westmoreland county,
and is operated by the Ocean Coal Company, superintendent, F. I.
Kimball. The company commenced to sink the shaft on the 26th of
May, 1893, and reached the coal at a depth of 279 feet, on October
loth of the same year. Size of shaft, 23x13 feet. It is timbpred
with lOx] 2-inch oak timber and lagged with 2-inch plank all through.
Tlie girders are 7x8-inch yelloAV pine. The shaft is divided into three
compartments, two for cage-ways, and the other for a steam and
waterway. The steam and waterway is separated from the other
w:th yellow pine flooring. The roof at the bottom of the shaft is
taken down to the sand rock for 125 feet on each side of the shaft,
and well timbered with 10xl2-in(h oak timber. The air shaft was
sloited on September IHth. and reached the coal at 26.5 feet on th,' 7th
day of January. 1894. This shaft is well timbered with 10xl2-inch
oak timber and lagged with 2-inch plank. A stairway is fitted u]) in
this shaft for an escape-way in case anything should ha])pen to the
lioisting shaft. The air passage in this shaft is 125 feet in area. A 25-
font reversible fan built by Kenny & Co., of Scottdale. was placed on
352 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
top of the shaft, and on my last visit I measured at the inlet 60,361
cubic feet per minute passing, with the fan running at 25 revolutions
per minute. There are seven overcasts in the mine, and the volume
of air is divided into five splits, and is well conducted through the
working places. The management propose to ventilate this mine
on the split air system, doing away with doors altogether. They
have encountered a good deal of water and bad roof in opening out
the mine, but I believe that they will soon overcome this trouble.
The outside improvements are substantial, and consist of the fol-
lowing:
An engine house 30x40 feet with a pair of first motion engines
coupled at right angles; size of cylinders, 24x36 inches, with conical
drums 6^x8 feet, built by the Vulcan Iron Works. The head frame is
iron and was built by the Pittsburgh Bridge Company. The hoisting
ropes are steel one and one-eighth inch. A large equipped boiler
house 42x48 feet, with three safety tube boilers, pattern built by
Heine Boiler Company of St. Louis, 600 horse power. A blacksmith
and carpenter shop are provided: also a large and well appointed
office furnished throughout in yellow pine, with two vaults for papers
and maps. A large store room 45x80 feet, run by the Ocean Supply
Company. Twenty double houses with 12 rooms in each have been
built, and ten more are in course of erection. Mine foreman, William
Bainbridge.
Ocean Mine. An air shaft has been sunk and a furnace built at
this mine during the year. The nverage volume of air passing at th'
outlet per minute was 5,313 cubic feet. The mine is a small one and
does not come under the provisions of the law very often, so that it
gets very little attention from the operator. I have found the mine
on several occasions in a rather defective condition, both as regards
rrntilation and drainage. Mine foreman, Gottlieb Vogel.
Pleasant Valley Mine. An air shaft was sunk 31 feet deep and 7
feet in diameter. The shaft is lined with brick for 28 feet up the
shaft for the purpose of keeping the water back and as a protection
against fire. A stack 32 feet in height is placed on top of the shaft.
A furnace has been built with n fire bed of 6x9 feet, equal to 54
square feet, with an arch 12 feet long. There is a manway on each
side of the furnace for protection against fire.
On my last visit I measured 25,000 cubic feet of air passing at the
furnace per minute. This volume is in two divisions, and Is well
conducted through the working places. This quantity could nearly
be doubled by firing the furnace up briskly. The mine drainage is in
very good condition. Mine foreman. Joseph H. Powell.
New York and Cleveland Gas Coal Company Mines —
Oak Hill No. 4 Mine. This mine has been kept in a very healthful
condition during the year, with an average of 34,927 cubic feet of air
No. 11. SECOND BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 353
gcinjr out at the outlet per minute. This volume is in four divisions
and is well conducted through the working places. The mine drain-
age is also in good condition. Mine foreman, William P. Owens.
Sandy Creek Mine. This mine is in a healthful condition, and has
been kept in that way during the year. The average volume of air
going out at the outlet per minute was 29,653 cubic feet. This is
fairly conducted through the worlcing places. The drainage is also
in fair condition. Mine foreman, Joseph Corbett.
Plum Creek Mine. The general condition of this mine as regards
health and safety is very good. The average amount of air passing
at the outlet per minute was 24,710 cubic feet. This volume is fairly
circulated through the working places. An additional inlet has been
made into the mine. The mine drainage is also in very good condi-
tion. Mine foreman, William W. Carter.
Penn Gas Coal Company Mines —
Penn Gas No. 1 Shaft. This mine has been kept in safe and healthy
condition during the year, with an average of 59,383 cubic feet of air
passing at the outlet per minute. Each heading is supplied with a
fresh split of air, which comes in at the head of each entry. The
mine drainage is also in good condition. I noticed that the fan was
making 66 revolutions per minute, showing a water gauge of one
inch, and producing 59,383 cubic feet of air. Mine foreman, John
Bolam.
Penn Gas No, 2 Shaft. This mine has been kept in a safe and
healthful condition during the year. The average volume of air pass-
ing at the outlet per minute was 45,545 cubic feet. This is divided
into three splits and is fairly conducted through the working places.
The mine drainage is in good condition. On my last visit I noticed
that the fan was making 70 revolutions per minute, showing a water
gi>uge of one and two-tenths inches, and producing 47,600 cubic feet
of air. Mine foreman, William Jamison.
Penn Gas Coal Kun Mine. The condition of this mine has been very
good as regards health and safety during the year. The average
volume of air passing at the inlet per miute is 32,573 cubic feet. This
volume is divided into two splits and is well conducted through the
working places. The mine drainage is also in good condition. Mine
foreman, William Rodgers.
Penn Gas No. 4 Mine. This mine has been kept in a fair and health-
ful condition during the year. The average volume of air passing at
the outlet per minute is 33,665 cubic feet. This volume is split into
four divisions and is fairly distributed through the working places.
The mine drainage is also in fair condition. Mine foreman. -John
Giles.
23-11-94
354 REPORTS OP' THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
I'enn Manor Shaft. The condition of this mine lias been very good
as regards health and safety during the year. The average volume of
air jtassing at the inlet per minute is 26,270 eubic feet. This volume
is in two divisions and is well conducted through the working places,
Tlic iiiinc (liainage is also in good condition. Mine foiciiuiu. Samuel
Ferguson.
S. H. Smith's Mine. A furnace has been built and an air shaft sunk
at this mine during the year. The air shaft is 25 feet in depth and 7
feet in diameter. Size of furnace, fire bed 3G square feel^ length of
archl2 1eet. This mine is now well ventilated. The average volume
of air passing at the outlet per minute is 15,722 cubic feet. The miuf
drainage is also in good condition. Mine foreman, Joseph C. Knap-
pov.
Smith's Mine. A furnace has been built in this mine during the
Acaj', size of furnace, 30 square feet; fire bed, with an arch, 12 feet in
length. The air shaft is 40 feet in depth with a stack on top 16 feet
in height. The mine is well ventilated now. The average amount of
air going out at the outlet per minute is 15,738 cubic feet. The
mine drainage is also in good condition. Mine foreman, Roy Gerard.
Spring Hill No. 2 Mine. The condition of this mine is very good,
both as regards ventilation and drainage. The average volume of
air passing at the outlet per minute was 24,060 cubic feet. This is in
two divisions and is well conducted through the working plaei^s.
Mine foreman, William B. Morris.
Stickler Mine. A fan was erected at this mine during the year;
size of fan, 12 feet in diameter, driven by an engine 10x18 inches.
The average volume of air going in now is 26,880 cubic feet per min-
ute. This in two splits and is well conducted through the working
places. The mine drainage is also in very good condition. Mine
foreman, Alexander Davenport.
Brick Works Mine. This mine is situated on the southwest Penn-
sylvania Railroad, near Hunker Station, and is operated by the Fire
I'.rick Company. Add Leitch is superintendent. They are working
the Upper FreepoiM vein and the fire clay bed below it. T received an
anonymous letter from a miner who had worked at the mine, and
was discharged, I presume, for trying to get the men out on a strike.
He stated that there was fire dam[> in the mine, and that there was
no certificated mine foreman employed. It was true as to the mine-
foreman, but I examined the mine very carefully, and there was no
sign of fire damp O. H. 4 in either of the mines. I notified the su-
perintendent that if he continued to run coal he must em])loy a mine
foreman and ventilate the mine. He said he only ran a little coal
during the strik'o to snpjtly some of his cnsloincrs and Jhcn stopped.
No. 11. SECOND BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 355
The Southwest Connollsville Coal and Coke Company Mines —
No. 1 "A" Shaft. This mine has been kept in excellent condition
during' the year. The average volume of air going in at the inlet per
minute is 100,550 cubic feet This volume is divided into eight sepa-
rate splits and is well conducted through the working places. The
mine drainage is also in good condition. A 25-foot fan ventilates
both "A" and "B" shafts. On my last visit I noticed that the fan was
running at 54 revolutions per minute, and showing a water gauge of
nine-tenths of an inch, and producing 190,400 cubic feet of air per
minute. Mine foreman, John Duncan.
No. 1 "B" Shaft. The condition of this mine, both as regards health
and safety, has been very good during the year. The average volume
of air passing at the inlet per minute is 81,200 cubic feet. This is in
several divisions and is well circulated through the working places.
The rope haulage has been extended 2,400 feet into the dip workings.
Mine foreman, John Whitfield.
Alice No. 2 Mine. Tliis mine lias been kept in a safe and liealthful
condition during the year, with an average of 78,960 cubic feet of
air passing at the inlet per minuter This volume is divided into four
splits and is well distributed through the working places. The mine
drainage is also in good condition. On my last visit I noticed the
fan was running at 56 revolutions per minute and showing a water
gai ge of seven tenths of an inch, and producing 81,200 cubic feet of
air per minute. Mine foreman, William H. Howarth.
No. 3 Shaft. This mine has been kept in very good condition during
the year. The average volume of air passing at the inlet per minute
is 55,017 cubic feet. This is divided into three splits, and is well con-
ducted through the working places. Another opening has been made
across the railroad, and tlie coal will be hauled to the present shaft;
part of the road will be on the surface. The mine drainage is in fair
condition. Mine foreman, Robert Hair.
No. 4 Mine. The condition of this mine has been very good during
the year, both as regards health and safety. The average volume of
air going in at the inlet per minute is 44,920 cubic feet. This volume
is in three different splits and is well circulated through the working
places. The mine drainage is also kept in good condition. The rope
haulage has been extended 800 feet into the dip workings. Mine fore-
man, Robert Morris.
Turner ]\Iine. An air shaft was sunk at this mine and a furnace
erected, size of furnace, firebed 24 square feet. This furnace has
been completed since my last visit. The average volume of air going
in ai the inlet per minute is 8,620 cubic feet. This was fairly dis-
tributed and the mine drainage was in fair condition. Mine foreman,
J. n. Turner.
356 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Weinman Mine. On my first two visits to tliis mine, no air measure-
ment could be taken on account of there being no fire in the furnace.
The last two visits I measured 3,188 cubic feet of air in circulation
per minute. Sometimes I find fewer thau ten men employed inside.
The mine drainage is always in good condition. Mine foreman, Jacob
Weinman.
United Coal and Coke Company's Mines —
United IS'o. 1 Shaft. This mine has been kept in safe and healthy
condition during the year. The average amount of air going in at
the inlet per minute is 71,431) cubic feet. This volume is split into
several divisions and is well conducted through the working places.
TJie mine drainage is also in fair condition. Another opening has
been made into the mine at the outcrop and is used as a traveling
way from the mutual side. Mine foreman, William West.
United ^'o. 2 Mine. A pump house has been erected in the mine
and a Gordon pump put in. The water is pumped through a bore
hole 14 inches in diameter and I'oU feet deep. A new air compressor
steam cylinder 18x3G inches, air cylinder 21x3G inches, furnishes the
power to pump the water out. A 6-inch diameter air line carries the
compressed air to the pump. A new IG-foot steel fan and a brick
fan engine house has been erected. A landing to hold 30 wagons has
been made in the dip. The mine is now in very good condition, both
as regards ventilation and drainage. The average amount of air
passing at the inlet per minute is 49,040 cubic feet. This is well dis-
tributed through the working places.
The outside improvements are a boiler, a haulage engine house.
Mine foreman, John W. Greaves.
United No. 3 Mine. This mine is in a safe and healthful condition,
with an average of 20,100 cubic feet of air passing at the outlet per
minute. This is well distributed through the working places. The
mine drainage is also in very good condition. Mine foreman, William
M. Hart.
Mitchell Muie. This mine is in very fair condition, with an average
volume of 7,365 cubic fet of air passing at the outlet per minute, and
this is fairly distributed through the working places. The mine
drainage is all right. An air shaft 7 feet in diameter and 34 feet
deep has been sunk for ventilation, and they intend building a fur-
nace very soon. Mine foreman, Milton Peddicord.
Graff Mine. This is a small mine, situated about one mile from
Blairsville, Indiana county, Pa., and is oi)erated by the Indiana Coal
Company. The mine came under the provision of the law during the
miners' strike in the summer. The ventilation was defective, and 1
ordered a furnace built. An air shaft was sunk and a furnace will
No. 11. SECOND BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 357
be built soon. I measured 9,720 cubic feet of air in circulation on one
of my visits. Mine foreman, William Hamer.
Westmoreland Gas Coal Company's Mines —
Larimer No. 4 Mine. The mine lias been kept in a reasonably good
condition, both as regards ventilation and drainage. The average
volume of air going in at the inlet per minute was G4,027 cubic
feet. This is divided into seven splits and is fairly conducted
through the working places. The endless rope system has been ex-
tended several hundred feet further into the mine. This was done
ill order to take the coal from the mouth of each pair of butt head-
ings. Mine foreman, John Williams.
Export Mine. The company moved the ten-foot fan that they had at
their South Side mine to the "Export" and erected the same on an
air shaft that had been sunk at this time. The fan is used as an ex-
haust and does very efficient work. The average volume of air pass-
ing at the outlet per minute is 33,223 cubic feet. This volume is
being coursed around the mine and is receiving a fresh supply from
leakage as it passes on, and is fairly distributed through the working
pkices. The mine drainage is in very good condition. Mine foreman,
George Carroll. , , j
Westmoreland Shaft. This mine has been kept in very fair condi-
tion during the year, with an average of 57,860 cubic feet of air pass-
ing at the outlet per minute. This is divided into several
splits and is fairly distributed through the working places.
The mine drainage is in excellent condition. On my last visit the
fan was making 65 revolutions per minute, showing a water gauge of
l.<5 inches, and producing 63,420 cubic feet of air. A few days after
my visit the fan broke down and the mine had to stop until it was re-
paired. The 12-foot fan formerly in use was not large enough to ven-
t'late this large mine. Mine foreman, James Thompson.
South Side Mine. This mine is ventilated with the return air that
comes from Larimer No. 4 mine. The mine is in good condition.
There are only a few persons working in it, furnishing custom coal.
Mine foreman, John Williams.
358
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
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Was instantly killed by a fall of slate
as he was shoveling coal back from
under it; there was a clay vein in his
room and he had not taken the proper
precaution in setting the post in the
right place, and he , was working
under too much slate; the coroner
held an Inquest and rendered a ver-
dict of accidental death.
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and died in a short time after; he was
knocking coal at the time of the acci-
dent; there was a water slip in the
slate, but it could not be seen until
after the slate fell ; if he had sounded
the slate he would have discovered
that it was loose; the coroner held
an inquest and rendered a verdict of
accidental death.
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coal and died in an hour after; at the
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out a post in a rib. August .Iltt
warned him not to go after the post
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Official Document, No. 11
THIRD BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
(Al MSTRONG, BUTLER, CLARION, INDIANA, JEFFKRSON, LAWRKNCE
MERCER, WESTMORELAND AND BEAVER COUNTIES,)
Mercer, Pa., March 4, 1895.
Hon. Isaac B. Brown, Secretarj^ of Internal Affairs:
Sir: As required by the eleventh section of article X of the Bitu
miuous mining act, approved May 35, 1893, I herewith submit my an
nual report for the year ending December 31st, 1894.
Nine persons lost their lives in this district during the year, whicli
is an increase of 200 per cent, ovor that of last year. The reported
number of non-fatal accidents was only twelve, against twenty six for
the 3'ear 1893. The almost un^jqualled record of this district for
safety has been broken by the heavy increase in the number of deaths
in this unfortunate year. It is hard to account for this sad and sud-
den change. The very favorable conditions that have existed in and
about the mines of the district in the past, are practically, unchanged.
The methods of mining, together with all the appliances used in min-
ing the coal, remain practically the same now as in the past. The
coal seams, with their surrounding strata are unchanged. The same
clas:' of workingmen, possessing nbout the same degree of skill and
knowledge of mining now as formerly, are still employed in the
mines of this district. While at many of the mines in the larger por-
tion of the other districts the non-English speaking races have taken
the places of our own English-speaking citizens, such is not the
case to any great extent in this district; consequently, we cannot
ascribe this great increase in the loss of life to that cause. Only one
of the number killed was non-English speaking, and the investigation
did not disclose the fact that ignorance was the main factor in caus-
ing Potuskey's death, and admitting that he lost his life through
his inexperience in mining and his lack of that judgment neces-
sary to protect himself, yet this argument cannot be advanced in
extenuation of the others who lost their lives, as they were all m(Mi
of good, ordinary intelligence (with possibly one exception), and of
large practical experience. In the cases of Cornman, Agnew, David-
son and Williard. they practically committed suicide. After the
Avarning these men had of their danger, it would only be reason-
able to infer that they did not value their lives very highly. Corn-
man lay down in front of ten tons of coal which hnrl boen undercut
alniusl (-(unplctcly ntid relieved on all sides. This mass of coal was
372 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
baugiug without auy support, and uot a single precautionary mca-
s'!!e had been taken by Cornmau, so far as 1 could learn upon investi-
gation. Coruman was told by his son, who was working with
bin;, that the coal was about to fall and warned him to get up from
the front of it. It seemed that he did not heed the son's advice,
Agnew had been frequently requested by his partners to be more
cartful in spragging the undercut coal, but he as good as told them
1o mind their own business. Davidson also was told by his grandson
(a young hoy) that he believed the coal was going to fall upon him,
ijnd he was so afraid of this occurring that he ran out of the room.
A\'illiard did not exercise ordinary prudence. He failed to sprag the
mined coal and it fell upon him.
Vogan, who was killed by a fall of roof and coal, was not blessed
with any great amount of intelligence, but Morrow was an intelligent
miner. Had either of those men taken the ordinary, precautions to
cart fully examine or sound the roof frequently to ascertain its condi-
tion, they would not have lost their lives. Four of these unfortunate
men lost their lives a few days after they had returned to work after
a strike, and they were extremely poor and their families in destitute
circumstances, which made them eager to make the best use of
their time while in the mines, so as to increase their meagre earnings
as much as ])Ossible. Taking all of these maltei's into consideration,
we cannot emphasize the fart too strongly that miners, no matter
how poor they may be, or what their circumstances are, their first
duty is to have their working places made safe, no matter what
time it requires to do it. They must be compelled to use all proper
and necessary pi-ecautions in protecting theii- lives and limbs. The
pejformance of this duly must not be left optional with the working-
men. It must be rigidly enforce! by men in authority. The mine
ofTieial lias a great responsibility resting n])on him, and if he would do
his full duty, fatal accidents. T nm confident, would be fewer. The
mine foreman must not visit the woi-king places of ihc miner in a per-
functory way, merely to satisfy tlie law, as it were, but he must feel
it his duty to cai-ry out the full intention of the law by urging the
woikmen nnder his charge to use every precaution necessary to pro
tect themselves. "By mingling wi+h the miners as the law requires,
the mine foreman can soon find out the imprudent and reckless ones,
and if he finds any employe trying to evade or disobey his orders as
far as carrying out the true spiril of the law is concerned, lie should
he summarily punished. Discipline must he maintained at all haz
ards and should a mine foreman fail in carrying out this essential re
quirement, the sooner he resigns his position, the better it will be for
all concerned. T am lead to heli"ve, from personal observation, that
too mnnv of the mine foreman do not visit the rooms of the miners as
outlined :il)ove. Evei-y death caused thi'ough neglect, where th"
No. 11.
THIRD BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
373
mine oilicial has not performed his full duly, his conscience, if he has
siiffli an article, must undergo a trying ordeal. A mine foreman^
should never accept a position as such unless he intends to carry out
the s])irit of the mining law; n^jr should he allow any other otftcial
t© dictate to him in such a manner as to restrain him from perform-
ing his whole duty under the law.
The following table shows the nuuiber of fatal and non-fatal acci
dents and their causes; also the number of wives made widows and
children orphaned by these casualties:
clauses of Accidents, etc., for 1S91.
By falls of roof,
By falls of coal,
By mine wagons,
By premature explosions of powder,
By miscellaneous causes,
Total,
12
3
a,
12
The following is a synopsis of the statistics as compiled from the
ofiicial retnrns to this office from the operators of the district for the
year:
Number of mines in the district, 7.')
Number of miners (men and boys), 5,310
Number of "day men" employed inside of mines, includ-
ing mine foremen and trapper boys, 7Go:
Number of "day men" employed ©utside of the mines,. . (j61
Total number of employes, G,731
Number of sliort tons of coal produced in 1894, 2,641, 12()
I)ecrease of short tons of coal, as compared with 1893,. 583,010
Number of short tons of coke manufactured in 1894,. . . 3,488
Number of short tons of coal produced per fatal acci-
dent 293,457 77+
Nrmbw of shorl tons of coal produced ]ter non-fatal
accident 220,093.83+
Total numlier of days (he mines were in operation in
1894, 10,574
Average number of days worked at seventy of the
mines 171 +
374 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
The coal mining industry in tliis district has been in a very unsatis-
factory condition during tlie year. It will be observed from the tab
ulated statistics contained in this report that only about tifteen or
sixteen of the whole number of mines were in operation three-fourths
time, while quite a number were in operation only one-fourth to one-
third time. Also, the coal production shows a decrease of over a
half a million tons, while the statistics show an increase in the num
ber of persons employed and an increase in the number of mines in
the district. It can be very easily understood what the results will
be from such a state of alfairs. Jt means greater depression in the
coal business and increased misery among the workingmen.
Tlirough forced strikes among the workingmen and by reason of th^
inability of the smaller ojjerators to secure contracts, a "cut-throat"
mtthod of reducing prices has been inaugurated, resulting in the
c(.mplete demoralization of the trade. In the mines where work was
to be had, they have been overcrowded with men, and although they
spent their time in the mines, their earning power was much depre
elated owing to this condition of affairs. Owing to broken time, and
the meagre earnings of the miners, great distress has prevailed
among them during the year.
It would seem that the large companies or corporations had se-
cured what little trade was going, crowding in a measure the smaller
companies and individual operators to the wall; yet, in the face of all
this, the small operations are rapidly increasing. One-half of the
mires now opened in this district could ampl}' supply the demands
of the trade. It does seem strange how everybody who can secure a
lease of coal property which requires little capital and apiiarcntly less
brain to develop, is eager to get into an already demoralized business,
knowing if they would give this matter proper thought, that it
iiiei:us disaster to them in the end. A large number of the mines in
this district are controlled by men of very limited means, and in too
many cases it is hard to get them to realize that it is their duty to
have their mines operated by approved systems and in a lawful man
ner. \Mien improvements are suggested to this class of men, the
excuse is offered that the}' are poor and not able to make them.
They also think that because of their lack of means to equip their
plants on approved plans, that they ought to be permitted to violate
the law, and if law ful authority intervenes, they itnagine that the law
is being enforced arbitrarily . As a general rule, the IiisimmIois have
veiy little trouble in having the hnv complied with, where the man
agcment at the mines is intelligent, and the capital ami)le to have
the mines run in a proper manner. I do not wish it to be understood
from the foregoing that I am in any way against small companies or
individnal operators, but no poi-son should go into it unless he is pre-
pared with suflScient capital to do so in a legal and proper manner,
No. 11. THIRD BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 375
and especially he should never make the lack of means a plea or ex-
cuse for violating the laws pf this Commonwealth.
Owing to the irregular manner in which many of the mines have
been operated in this district during the year, there has been some
dilBculty in keeping up the details always so necessary to maintain
Ihem in good sanitary condition, but where they have been mining
reasonably regularly, the same spirit has prevailed among the larger
number of the mine officials which has characterized them in the past,
namely, that of having the mines in their charge conducted in a law-
ful manner.
A brief description of the mines, the fatal and non-fatal accidents,
and the usual tables containing the statistics of the district, will be
found in another part of this report.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
Yours very respectfully.
THOMAS K. ADAMS,
Inspector.
jinprovements Made at the Mines of the Third Bituminous District
During the Year.
At the Hill Mine in Mercer county, a ventilating shaft was sunk
and a furnace built.
The Morgan Coal Company, of Beaver county, opened and equipped
a new mine.
The Bagdad Coal and Coke Company made and equipped a new
dj ift opening with tipple and inclined plane connections to take the
place of the old Bagdad No. 3 mine.
At Clinton mine, in Lawrence county, a second opening has been
provided, also a water course has been made with its outlet by the
second opening.
At Keister mine, in Butler county, an air shaft has been sunk and
a ventilating furnace built.
At Haddon mine, Armstrong county, a second opening has been
provided and a furnace built. New iron has been ]int on the inclined
plane, and repairs to it generally have been made.
At Blackstone mine a substantial furnace has been built and the
mine repaired generally.
A small furnace has been built in the Monarch mine.
The Turner Coal and Coke Company opened and equipped a new
mine in Butler county.
At Oak Ridge mine new weighing scales were put on the upper
376 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
platform at the tipple, and a set of uew brakes was provided for tke
banlin;^ niachiuery.
At Big (Soldier Run mine a 25 feet diameter Guibal fan has beeii
erected and a tubular boiler five and one-half feet in diameter by IG
feet long put in place, with 1,;U)0 feet of five-inch steam pipe to
convoy the steam to the fan. Eimlit overcasts were constructed in
the mine to carry forward to the workings, eight different currcntsi
of air.
At the Sterling Coal (Company's new property a uew drift opening,
fully equipped for shipping coal has been provided. Also, a ventilat-
ing fan twelve feet in diameter has been erected.
At IJutt's Cannel shaft a second opening has been provided aiul a
fan eight feet in diameter erected.
A fan t^\elve feet in diameter has been erected at the State Line
mine.
An air shaft has been sunk and a small furnace built at the Ma-
lu)uing mine.
At the Fairmount mine No. 2 for the upper coal seam \\()rkings, a
fan six feet in diameter has l»een erected and a new haulage road in
the workings of the lower mine has been constructed.
At tlu^ Thompsf»n Run mine an air- shaft has been sunk and a ven-
tihitiug furnace built.
A substantial furnace has been built and an aii- shaft of consider-
able de])th sunk at the Gilpin mine.
The Lake Erie Coal Company ma<h' a new diift oi)ening, sunk an
air shaft, and built a fuinace during the year.
The AW'st Penn Coal Com]»any made a new drift opening and sunk
an air shaft. Improvements are located in Butler county.
At the vSiandard Aline, in liutler county, a second opening has been
provided and geniM'al rejiaii's have been made to the slope.
Description of Mines.
Mii.'cs in Armstrcmg and (Jlarion Counties Situated on the Allegheny
Vallej' Railroad.
There are still twelve luines located along this road. While the
Kit tanning mine has been aband(med for the present, the Eagle
mine wa> opened duriug the year. The (losfoi-d, now named the
Lewis mine, is being opei-ated wiili only about (en minci-s. The
Rimei'toii and .Monarcli mines have done very little work during the
y<'ai'. and in fact tluw have been ( ntirely shut down for the last few
months. Only four of the twelve mines in this division of the dis-
trict woi'ked over half time during the year, and th<^ greatest numbei-
of days woiked by any one of the other mines was one hundred and
thirty. \Vith the exception of about six weeks' time being- lost by a
No. 11. THIRD BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 377
geiiei'al strike, the balance of idle time was caused by the opeiatois
of this section not being able to compete in the general market with
other operators having larger capital and who were more favored bv
luning thicker and possibly purer seams of coal.
Glen. This mine was not in as good sanitary condition at the time
of my last visit as it should have been. I was required to stop sev-
eral miners who were working too far ahead of the ventilating cur-
rent. J measured only 2,000 cubic feet of air per minute in circula-
ticii. The drainage of the mine m as excellent.
Pine Creek. The small and inetticient ventilating furnace was not
producing over 2,500 cubic feet of air per minute in this mine. Much
of this volume of air was being lost before it reached the face of the
workings, by leaking through defectively constructi^d doors and brat-
tices. Parts, also, of Nos. 2 and 3 butt entries are being ovt-rl-un
with a "creep" caused by not having pillars of sufllicient size and
strfngth.
xMahoning. At the time of my last visit to this mine I found the veu-
lihitiiig current back a cousiderat.'le distance from the face of th"'
butt entries. However, a new furnace had just been erected and a
ventilating shaft sunk, which I have no (hiiibt will add to llie vol
umc of air. There was a groat lack of judgment dis[>layed in tht-
buil(?ing of this furnace and in the sinking of the ventilating shaft.
P.odi the diameter of the shaft and the size of the furnace are entirely
too small for practical purposes.
Kiverview. At date of last visit to this mine, I found it in an excel-
lent sanitary condition. The drainage was very favorable and the
vei tilation was of sufficient volume and well distril)uted to the face
of the workings. I measured 37,000 cul)ic feet of air ]>er minute in
circulation, with the fan running at sixty revolutions per minute.
There is an excellent system of tail-rope haulage in opera1i(»n at this
ii;ine.
Hardscrabble. This mine is being operated in a haphazard mannei'.
I did not find any person in charge of it. It is not being operated
steadily, only a day or two in a week, and sometimes only that many
days per month. At last visit I found water about eighteen inches
deep on the main haulage road. Although there is a good furnace in
this miuf, it would seem from appearances that a fire is not kept in it;
however, there was a fair quantity of air circulating through the mine
from natural means.
Catfish Run. At date of my last visit the mine was not in operation,
consequently no fire was in the ventilating furnace. T examined the
whole of the workings, both in the new and old opening. I mea-
sured a natural current of 7,500 cubic feet, and if a fire had been kepr
in the furnace an ample volume of air would have been circulating
Ihrbuj-^hont nil of the workings in the new opening. I noticed that there
378 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
had been some neglect in having a sufficient number of doors erected
and the brattices repaired, to have the air conveyed close to the work-
ing faces.
Minerar Ridge. This mine was found to be in a very good con
dition. The hauling roads and other workings were practically
dry, and the volume of air being produced was conveyed close-
to rhe face of the most advanced workings. I measured 5,000 cubic
feet of air in circulation in the interior workings of the mine.
Church Hill. I measured 8,100 cubic feet of air jjer minute in cir
culation, which was being very well distributed to the face of each
entry. No. 1 butt entry is being overrun with a "squeeze" or "creep"
which is the natural etfect of not having pillars of sufficient size and
strength along the enlry. Beyond the squeeze, toward the face of the
w orkings Nos. 1 and 3 butt entries will be connected by a passageway
so as to make that part of the works perfectly safe. The drainage
and hauling roads have been considerably improved lately.
The Mines Located on the Low Grade Division and the Sligo Branch
of the Allegheny Valley Railroad.
There are ten mines situated in this division, one less than last
year. Cherry Run mine has remained idle during the year. The
Keystone, Diamond, Acme and Fairmount No. 5 mines only averaged
about one-fourth time during the year. Long Point mine was aban-
doned early in the year. In describing the condition of Long Point
mine in my last year's report, I stated that I found a portion of the
coal on fire at the bottom of the ventilating shaft and in said report
1 gave the names of the mine officials, and Mr. S. U. Phillips is men-
lioned as the mine foreman. I desire to state, in justice to Mr. Phil
lips, that he had not yet entered upon his duties as mine foreman
at this mine at the date on which 1 examined it, and from the data
I collected at said examination I wrote my report; therefore, he was
in no way responsible for the condition of the mine as reported by
me. In fact, Mr. Phillips was with me when we found the state of
affairs as I reported them, and at my suggestion he remained and
helped to extinguish the fire. It was some days after this that Mr.
Phillips took charge of this mine.
Avondale. This mine was found lo be in excellent condition in
every respect. At date of my last visit, I measured ;>,()(>0 cubic feel
of air in circulation, which was being well distril)u(ed and conducted
to the face of the workings. The drainage was also very good.
Oak Ridge. There was in circulation in this mine 2S,140 cHbic feet
of air per minute. The total volume of air was well distributed to
the interior workings in each of the two openings. The mine, as a
whole, was well drained, insuring healthful working places for the
miners and laborers.
No. 11. THIRD BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 379
New weighing scales weie put in place on the upper platform at the
tipple of this mine, and a new set of brakes provided for the hauling
machinery which is connected wath the mine.
Fairmount No. 2. There was ou,500 cubic feet of air well distrib
uted to ihe face of the workings of this mine at my last inspection.
The upper seam of coal produces a large quantity of water, and
owing to the floor being of soft clay, the hauling roads at differ-
ent points are rather muddy. With this exception, it is in very
good condition. An additional ventilating fan has been erected to
ventilate a territory disconnected from the main body of the work-
iugs of the upper mine, which is doing very effective work.
Fairmount No. 5. This mine is only in the experimental stages yet,
and the prospecting is going on with about thirty miners. The
L(.wer Freeport coal bed which tliey are working here is very much
faulted, which may cause this mine to be soon abandoned altogether.
Jn fact, mining operations are susj^ended now at this place.
Star. This mine was not sutTHciently ventilated at the time of my
last visit, but as there was no new work being drivea, and the pres
ent workings nearly all on the return towards the ventilating power.
ihe quantity of air will increase as a result of the decrease of friction.
I measured 14,850 cubic feet of air in circulation, which was being
convened well up to the face of the works. The mine was well
drained.
Acme. I measured in this mine 12,250 cubic feet of air in circula-
tion^ but found it completely shut oft" from reaching the face of some
of the butt entries owing to an extensive fall of roof in the main air-
course through which the ventilation for that portion of the mine
was conveyed. This defect was being remedied by driving a new
air-course around the fall througli the solid coal. The drainage was
excellent.
Brier Ridge. I measured in this mine about 10,800 cubic feet of air
at the furnace, but only about 3,200 cubic feet of this volume was con
vfyed to the face of the works. There was water over the bed of the
main hauling road at one point, v.hich was caused by the valves of
the steam pump being out of order. The rope hanhige system at this
ojuMiing is being extended farther into the mine. At what is known
as the new opening, the total quantity of air in circulation was insuf
lie lent. I measured only 2,700 cubic feet of air at the outlet and only
a small portion of this (juantity was at the face of the works. It has
been claimed that the work bein^- done at this opening was merely
for testing purposes, but the extent of the excavation is growing and
more men are being put to work here, yet the permanent and neces
sary improvements promised are still in abeyance..
380 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Mines Situated at Reynoldsville, Jefferson County.
Tliere was considerable broken time at the live mines located in
tliis region, owing to strikes and a lack of contracts. The mines
only averaged about 105 days run during the year.
Big Soldier Kuu. During my last visit to this very extensive mine,
the volume of air was not sutticient. I measured only 47,220 cubic
ft-et of air in circulation and there were nearly six hundred persons
employed in the mine, but at tha+ date all the arrangements were
completed for the erection of a 25-foot diameter Guibal fan. In fact,
this large ventilator arrived at the mine on the date of my last visit
and was put in operation a short time afterwards. Also, eight new
overcasts have been constructed, thereby allowing the total volume
of air to be divided into eight ditTerent splits. By the means of (hesc
separate currents the several parts of the workings of the mine arc
ventilated. A tubular boiler five and one-half feet in diameter by
sixteen feet long has been erected to supply the motive power for the
ventilating machinery. This boiler has been placed beside a nest of
other boilers which produce the steam for the hauling machinery, at
a distance of about ],?>00 feet from the fan. The steam for the fan is
conveyed through a pipe five inches in diameter and 1,300 feet long.
Mr. .lolm H. Bell, the mine superintendent, informs mc flinl tlic tan
is now producing 137,000 cubic feet of air per minute, running at
50 revolutions pei- minute, with a pressure of 1.1 inch water gauge.
The size of cylinder of engine driving the fan is 18x30 inches. This
mine is now certainly in a splendid sanitary condition.
New Hamilton. I measured 17.<>00 cubic feet of air jter minute in
circulation in this mine. This volume of air was reasonably well
ionducted to the face of the interior workings. Also the drainage of
the mine was very good.
The Standard mine was exliausted on the 22d of .lanuary, 1805.
Henry Bros. There was being well conveyed to the face of the in
tei'ior workings of this mine 17,7()0 cubic feet of air. The ventilation
was ;ill that could be desired, as was also the drainage. The sanitary
condition of the mine was good.
Sprague. With the exception of the current of air being rather
weak near the face of No. 1 entiy in the Broadliead oitening, all the
othe- workings in the two openings were in excellent condition. In
lh( r.T'oadhead or new opening T measured 24.000 cubic feet of nir
per minute being produced, whidi w;is being well cimveyed to the
fa/e of the works in this division of the mine. In the old works T
ineiisuved 20,040 cubic f(M't of air in circnlafion, tnnking the total
volume of air circulating in the whole mine 51,000 cubic foot. The
di'ainage was excellent.
No. 11. THIRD BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 381
Tlie Mines in Mercer and Butler Counties Situated on the "Pitts-
buigh, Shenango and Lake Erie" Railroad.
There are seventeen mines in this division of the district, and with
the excei)tion of the Keystone and Enterprise mines, none of them
were in operation more than half time. Chisholm did not run at all,
and Pardoe was only in operation 22 days during the year. There
was a general strike among the miners of this region of several
months' duration, which was the principal cause of so much loss of
v.oik.
Enterprise. 1 found this small mine in excellent condition, both as
regards ventilation and drainage.
Standard. This mine had been abandoned for a long time, but it
resumed operations again during the year. This is a small concern,
and is now being operated by P. D. Sherwin, Considerable re-
pairs have been made to the slope and also to the inside of the
mine. A second opening has also been sunk. I measured (),iiOO
cubic feet of air in circulation which was well conducted tothe face
of the works. The mine was in very good condition.
Keister. An air shaft has been sunk and a small furnace built at
tills mine during the year. The hauling roads have been corduroyed
and (lie di-ainage much improved. I measured 8,700 cubic feet of air
in circulation, which was being ^ell conducted to the face of llu'
works. The general condition of the mine is very good.
Couiersal. During my last visit !o this mine T found the ventilation
defective in Nos. 4 and 5 entries, which was caused in a great mea-
sure by the water course, which is also being used as an air course,
lu'ing closed from a fall of roof. I measured 8,280 cubic feet of air
beijig dislributed in the mine. The general condition of the mine
was not what it should have been.
Lake Erie. This is a new drift oi>ening, situated on Ihe Hilliard
branch of the Pittsbui-gh, Shenaugo and Lake Ev\e Railroad in But
ler county and ojteraied by the Lake Erie Coal Company. (Jeorge
Findlay is superintendent and mine foreman. This mine was in
good condition when last examined.
Keystone, 'i'liis mine Avas fonud to be in v<M-y good condilitui, both
in regard (o vcnlilalion and drainage. At my last examinati<m I
measured 7.700 <iil)ic feet of air in circnlation in the workings of the
mine.
Spears. I measured 6,240 cubic f( et of air per minute in circnlation
at the inlet, but through leakage this volume was reduced to about
2,50i! cubic feet at the extreme end of the works. The quantity of
air measured at the face of the workings was not sufficient to insure
the healthful conditiftn of the mine. The drainage was reasonably
gciod.
A wire rope system of haulage has been introduced inside of the
382 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
mine extending into the workings for a considerable distance and is
}^iving satisfactory results.
liallville. There was being distributed in the workings of this
uiine 10,900 cubic feet of air per minute. The mine, both in regard to
ventilation and drainage was in fair condition.
]>lack Diamond Nos. 1 and 2. I found loo much water on some
parts of the hauling roads in No. 1 mine. The quantity of air in cir-
culation was 11,100 cubic feet and the mine was in very fair condi
tion with the exception noted. There was being circulated in the
workings of No. 2, 8,000 cubic feet of air, which was fairly well con-
du( ted to the face of the works. This mine was reasonably well
drained, and its general condition was good.
Cliesuiut Ridge. The dip workings on the north west side of the
shaft were very wet. The narrow work here was only being driven
for |)ro.«;pecting purposes. At the face of these works the air cur-
rent was not strong enough. There was 6,000 cubic feet at tlie
inlet but most of this volume was being lost through leakage be
fore it reaches the face of the works in this division of the mine.
There were 10,000 cubic feet of air being forced to the southeast side
of the mine. The volume was much better distributed to the work-
ing.s on this side of the mine, although the air was not as pure as it
was on the other side. The haulage roads have been considerably
improved on the south side of the shaft, but much remains to be done
alonp, this line to make the improvements complete.
Jewell. This is a new drift mine, opened in the month of September
last and is operated by the West Penn Coal Company with C. A. Jew
ell, sppei'intendent, and Thomas J. Simpson, mine foreman. The
y.(. nifcnent ventilating power has not jet been erected, but an air
shaft has been sunk. The mine was in very good condition, however.
The Other Mines in Mercer County.
Tl ere are six mines in operation in this ])art of the district. The
Ljjrkawannock mine has been abandoned during the year.
Stoneboro Nos. 2 and 8. The No. 2 mine was in reasonably good
condition. On my last visit T measured about 16,000 cubic feet of
all in circulation, while in No. 3 mine T measured 8..^)00 cubic feet of
air, which was very well conveyed to the face of the workings. The
dr;'"nage and the haulage roads in tho latter have been very much
im[»'o^ed lately.
Carver. The fan shaft A\as almost closed with ice at th<' lime of my
last visit, which was a means of i-educing the volume of air in cir-
culation in the mine considerably, but a fair volumi' was being pro-
dncrd by the exhaust steam from the steam pumps at the main
hoist ir.i: shaft. .\t th(> Ilii'fH' inirjs 1 measured a iotal volume of
No. 11. THIRD BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 383
17,340 cubic feet of air being produced, which was ventilating the
Miine fairlv well; especially was this the case in the larger portion of
he mine. Much of the work in this mine is on the retreat, conse
qu( iitly, where the pillars are being taken out the work and men are
fiT('j>tly scattered, making it hard to maintain an efficient system of
ventilation. The mine is a wet one, in consequence of which, some
of the entry roads are wet and muddy.
Ormsby Slor)e. T measured at il.is mine 18,680 cubic feet of air in
circulation, but about 4,000 cubic feet was the greatest volume I
found near the face of the works in the main split. At some points
of the mine the drainage was somewhat defective. The mine was in
a reasonably good condition, taking into consideration the number of
peT'Kfns employed therein.
Sbenango. During my last visit to this mine I measured 13,000
cubic feet of air in the mine, but only about one-half of this quantity
was near the extreme end of the works. The drainage and haulage
roads were in much better condition at the time of my last visit than
they had been at previous ones. There is much room for improve-
nnni in the distribution of the volumes of air in the mine.
nil I. This is a new drift mine operated by the Hill Coal Company,
Limited, and is situated in Jackson township. William Jenkins is
th«^ superintendent and mine foreman. The mine was not in the best
of condition when I last examined it, however, but since my visit, an
air shaft has been sunk which has improved the ventilation consid-
erably.
Mines Situated in Lawrence and Beaver Counties.
Fxcdsior. This mine was fairly ventilated as a whole, except in
No. 3 entry, wiiere the air current was not near enough to the face of
it. I measured 9,100 cubic feet of air in circulation. The drainage
in No. 3 entry was very defective, owing to a fall of roof filling up
the ditch, thereby damming the water and causing it to cover the
I'oadbed. The mine was only in fair condition.
Rock Point. This mine was in excellent condition, both in regard
to ventilation and drainage. A new haulage road was beiug made
in this mine which would short'^n the distance and provide a safer
and much better passageway, as tlie old one was being overrun with
a bad squeeze or creep. I measured 11.690 cubic feet of air
in circulation, which was being well distributed to the face of the
works:
Thompson Run. I found this mine in very fair condition, both as
regards ventilation and drainage. T measured 8,450 cubic feet of air
conveyed reasonably well to tht^ face of the works. A ventilating
shaft has been sunk and a furnace built at this mine during the
vear.
384 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Clinton. I found this mine in good condition. 1 measured 7,200
cubic feet of air in circulation, which was being taken well up to the
face of the works. The drainage of the mine has been much im-
proved by the cutting of a ditch which was extended out to the sur
face. A second opening has also been provided for the mine during
the year.
Jiaker. Tliis mine was only in fair condition at the time of my last
visit. 1 measured 7,000 cubic feet of air in circulation. The mine
was well drained.
Keaver. I measured 11,1(>0 cubic feet of air in circulation which is
conveyed well to the face of the works. The mine otherwise was in
very good condition.
Cannelton. The coal yet to be taken out of the old mine is all in
jiiilrrs. At these works a new drift opening has been provided which
is connected with the tipple by a long inclined plane. At this new
place, much of the old abandoned workings had to be gone through
in Older to get to the solid coai. The ventilation and drainage of
the mine were not up to the standard, but a better system of working
will be introduced as soon as solid territory is reached.
Sterling. This mine is in a reasonably good condition, both in re
gard to ventilation and drainage. T measured 10,.500 cubic feet of air
in circulation, which is being well conveyed to the face of the works.
A twelve-foot diameter ventilaliug fan has been erected at this mine
<iming the year.
I>u(t's Canncl Shaft. The genei-al condition of this mine as regards
veitilation and drainage is very good. A ventilating shaft and a
secon(^ 0]>ening have been provided, and a ventilating fan has been
orertei' during tlie year.
Slate Ijine. This iiiiiie was in (.'xcenoiit condition at the lime of
last visit. A venlilating fan IL* feet in dianieti'i- has been erected dnr-
itig th( year.
.Mines Situated Along the West I'enn Kailroad in \\'estnioreland and
Armstrong ('ounties.
There are louileen mines in this diNision of Ihe di.slricl. and with
the e:^ception of the Fairbank, Fostei- and Apollo, they have been in
operation on an average of 252 days during the year which shows a
greater average number of days worked than at the mines in an.v
other division in the district. At most of the mines here, the general
strike among the miners was of short duration.
Avoiimore. T measured 13,500 cubic feet of air being moved
thioigh the workings of this mine. An additional furnace will have
to be erected in the "dip" workings of this mine, as they are some-
what disconnected from those in thr other parts of it. The mine was
reasonably well drained, and as a whole, was in ii(M»(l erdei-.
No. 11. THIRD BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 385
Foster. I fouud this mine in excellent condition, both as regards
ventilation and drainage. 1 measured 10,000 cubic feet of air in cir-
culation, which was well taken up to the face of the works.
Apollo. This mine has done very little work during the year.
Abou^. twenty-live persons were employed at the time of my last
visit. The ventilating furnace has not yet been built, nor the air
shaft sunk, although all the necessary preparations have been com
pleted inside of the mine for the sinking and building of the same.
I'iue Kun. 1 measured 32,300 cubic feet of air being produced, but
nuicli of this volume was lost by leakage through improperly erected
doors before reaching the face of the entries. The drainage was ex-
celhnt and the other conditions were fairly good.
Bagdad No. 2 and 3. At No, 3 at time of last visit I found the
workings in excellent shape. A new drift opening, fully equipped
for shipping coal has taken the place of the old mine.
At No. 2 the current of air was not strong enough at the face of
some of the butt entries where the pillars were being removed in the
old part of this mine, but in the workings in the new opening, I mea-
sured 0,750 cubic feet of air which was fully taken up to the face of
the entry. This division of the mine was in excellent condition.
Lcechburg No. 4. This mine was found to be in excellent condition,
both in regard to ventilation and drainage. I measured 9,600 cubic
feet of air being produced which was being fully taken up to the ex-
treme end of the works.
lical. In this mine I measured 0,400 cubic feet of air in circulation.
The air was not near enough to the face of No. 4 entry. Some of the
brattices were down in this entry, and the person in charge of the
mine had neglected to replace them. The mine was very well
drained.
West Penn. I measured 5,500 cubic feet of air in circulation,
which was only fairly well conducted to the face of the butt entries.
A good deal of brattice cloth w-as being used on mouth of rooms in-
stead of doors made with boards for conducting the ventilating cur
rents to the face of the works. J?rattice cloth is very handy for tem
poi-aiy use, but should never be used for permanent purposes. In
fact, even doors made of boards and used to guide ventilating cur
rents, should be dispensed with. The mine was in reasonably good
condition.
lilackstone. This mine is in splendid condition, both in regaid to
vei.tihition and drainage. The ventilating fui'nace in course of con
stn ction at time of writing my last year's report, was completed
early in the year, and is giving v?ry satisfactory results. I measured
13,000 cubic feet of air l)eing produced in the mine which was being
cc•n^■eyed to the face of the workings. The drainage and hauling
roads have been mucli iuii»roved during the yeai'.
25-11-04
386 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
iJ addon. 1 found this mine in a splendid sanitary condition. It is
a small operation, but I measured about 5,670 cubic feet of air near
the face of ^Yorks. The mine was also well drained.
(iilpin. This mine was in a xevy satisfactory condition in all re
sp- cts. I measured 8,240 cubic feet of air being produced, and much
of this volume was at the face of the workings.
A new ventilating furnace has been built and au air shaft sunl;
(iijiing the year. The size of furnace is seven feet wide and five feet
above the grate bars, two and a half feet from grate bars to tloor.
and an arch fifteen feet long. The depth of air shaft is SO feet and
the diameter six feet.
No. 11.
THIRD BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
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Official Document, No. 11.
FOURTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
(McKEAN, POTTER, TIOGA, BRADFORD, SULLIVAN, LYCOMING, CLIN-
TON, CAMERON AND ELK COUNTIES AND ALL THOSE MINES IN
CLEARFIELD COUNTY ADJACENT TO THE LOW GRADE DIVISION OF
THE ALLEGHENY VALLEY RAILROAD; ALSO THE MINES ADJACENT
TO THE CLEARFIELD AND SUSQUEHANNA BRANCH OF THE PENN-
SYLVANIA RAILROAD; ALSO THE MINES ADJACENT TO THE BUF-
FALO, ROCHESTER AND PITTSBURG RAILROAD IN JEFFERSON AND
CLEARFIELD COUNTIES.)
Blossburg, March, 15, 1895.
Hon. Isaac B. Brown, Secretary cf Internal Affairs:
Sir: I herewith submit my annual report as Inspector of Mines for
the Fourt Bituminous Coal district of this State, for the year ending
!>• eeirber 31, 1894, in compliance with the Act of Assembly of May
15, 1893, together with the usual statistical tables compiled from the
operators' annual reports returned to my office.
Tlf.sf returns show a small aggiegate decrease in production, due
to i g< neral strike of the miners throughout the district during the
raf I ths of May, June and July. The Kettle Creek mines at Bitumen.
ho\ (iver, continued to run throughout the suspension. Five new
mnoF have been opened and three have been worked out and aban-
dored during the year.
Improvements continue to be made at many of the mines through-
out the district, and the operators generally display a disposition to
have their mines conform to the recjuirements of the law.
The number of fatal accidents is greater than last year, which is
due in a great measure to ignorance on the part of some, careless-
ness and disobedience of orders of the mine foreman on the part
of others. A large percentage of those killed are of foreign birth,
having had no knowledge of coal mining prior to their arrival in this
country, and of course know but little of the dangers to be en-
countered. They consist mostly of Slavonians and Hungarians.
Tlie number of fatal accidents is somewhat less than in 189.'').
1 also append herewith a report from The Cottage State Hospital
of this district, showing the number of patients admitted for treat-
ment since the opening of the institution, and other matters relating
to its administration up to the beginning of the ])respnt year.
Respectfiilly submitted,
JAMES N. PATTERSON,
Inspector.
400
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Olf. Doc.
Mining Statistics.
Nur ber of mines in the districr,
Ni rrber of tons produced,
Ni mber of tons shipped,
Xi mber of tons of coke manufactured, .,
Ni mber of days worked,
Xi u ber of miners employed,
Ni uiber of outside men,
Total inside and outside,
Number of horses and mules,
Number of mine locomotives,
Number of steam boilers,
Number of coke ovens reported,
Number of kegs of powder used, as per operators re-
port,
Number of fatal accidents,
Number of non-fatal accidents,
Number of tons produced per each fatal accident
Number of tons produced per each non-fatal accident,.
Classification of Fatal Accidents,
By falls of coal
By falls of roof,
Caused by mine cars,
Total,
Classification by Non-fatal Accidents.
By falls of roof,
By falls of coal,
By mine cars,
By mine cage,
Miscellaneous,
Total
Go
4,290,596
3,504,875
242,810
6,099|
7,742
1,294
9,030
797
24
86
1,743
29,041
11
20
390,599
214,599
11
20
Tioga County Mines.
Antrim Nos. 1 and 5 arc in very good condition, both as to ventila-
tion and drainage. At No. 5 the engine house and boilers which
were located at the mouth of the slope, during the year were re-
moved to the tipple, a distance of about 800 feet, thus enabling them
to handle the coal much more rapidly. At No. 5 I found 45,900 cubic
feet of air in circulation, well distributed throughout the workings.
Ventilating fans are used at both mines.
No. 11. FOURTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. • 401
Arnot Nos. 3, 4 and 5 are ventilated by a 20-foot Guibal fan, and
the total quantity of air passing through the several divisions was
100,800 cubic feet per minute, as measured at the outlet, and these
mines are in fairly good condition.
Fall Brook Nos. 2 and 6 were in good condition. No. 2 is ventilated
by a fan, and I found 69,600 cubic feet of air in circulation as meas-
ured at the outlet. No. 0 is ventilated by a furnace producing 8,000
cubic feet per minute.
Morris Run Slope is in a very good condition. I found 122,000
cubic feet of air per minute passing at the outlet, well circulated
throughout the workings.
Salt Lake. Quite an improvement has been made here. At the
new mine. No. 2, a heading has been driven north 1,470 feet from the
Fall Brook heading No. 1 to Dougals heading No. 7 to get the coal
from the back part of the workings. It reduces the haulage distance
fully one-third, and gives a very good grade for both empty and
loaded cars. The drainage is fair and ventilation good.
Bear Run Mine. The ventilation has been improved here since my
last report. I found 36,900 cubic feet of air in circulation measured
at the outlet, fairly well distributed around the workings.
Gurnee Mines had not been working enough miners to be subject
to inspection until very recently, but too late to report an examina-
tion within the year.
Jefferson County Mines.
Adrian No. 2 Slope. They have added a tail-rope for haulage and
enlarged the overcasts, increasing the number of splits of air to se-
cure better ventilation. I found 85,000 cubic feet of air in circula-
tion and the mine generally in good condition.
Adrian No. 1 is a drift mine and has not been in operation during
the year.
Adrian No, 4 is a drift mine ventilated by furnace, and is nearly
worked out.
Eleanora No. 1 was found in good condition, ventilated by a fan,
producing 60,900 cubic feet of air per minute at the outlet, circulated
well around the workings.
Eleanora No. 2. is a new mine opened during the year. The im-
provements are first class in every respect. It is thoroughly equip-
ped with compressed air for coal cutting, so as to avoid the use of
steam pipes in the mine. They have placed here a first class endless
haulage system, have built boiler plants, shops, etc., and are well
prepared for a large output.
Walston No. 1 was found in good condition. I found 24,000 cubic
feet of air in circulation, well distributed to the face of the workings.
26-11-94
402 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Ou. Doc.
Walston Nos. 2 and 3 are ventilated by the same fan and are in
fair condition. The airways have in some jjarts been enlarged, so
as to improve the ventilation and drainage.
Kurtz and Rinn is a new mine opened during the year. They have
erected a Clark fan, seven feet in diameter, run by a ten-horse power
engine. I found 28,000 cubic feet of air in circulation and the mine
in good condition.
Beachtree Nos. 3 and 4. These mines were found in good condition.
At No. 3 I found 99,000 cubic feet of air in circulation, and work here
is mostly confined to pillars. The tipple and fan house were burned
at the time of the suspension during the summer, and have since
been rebuilt.
At No. 4 the tail-rope was removed to the Eleanora mine about
two years since, and they are now making preparations to replace it
with a new one and resume operations.
London Mine. A new fan and boiler have been put in position here,
and a mining machine plant constructed. I found 72,000 cubic feet
of air in circulation. The old fan is used to ventilate the engine
road alone, and the new one to ventilate the workings.
Brock Mines. Have done but little work during the year, and are
in good condition.
Clarion Mine No. 1. This mine consists of three separate openings
and one tipple. I found 58,000 cubic feet of air in circulation well
distributed through the mine, which is in good condition.
Clarion Mine No. 2 consists of three separate openings, one being
ventilated by a fan and the other two by a furnace, and the condition
of each is good.
Clarion No. 3 consists of a single drift opening-, ventilated by a
furnace. I found 24.000 cubic feet of air in circulation, and the mine
in good condition.
Coal Glen Nos. 1 and 2 consists of two openings and one tipple,
with other improvements of a substantial character, com])leted dur-
ing the year. T found .58,000 cubic feet of air in circulation at No. 1
and 24,800 cnl)ic feet at No. 2. and both mines were in good condition.
Lycoming County Mines.
Red Run Mine. Prejiarations are being made to extend this mine
into a new field at the rear of the old mine. They intend to us^ the
old main heading for a lunnel for cariying the product of the new
mine to the old tipple, by rope haulage. They have erected a plant
for the manufacture of fiie brick from I lie under clay of the mine.
McKean County Mines.
Instanter Mine operates in a small way, with about 42 miners, an<l
the general condition is fair.
Clermont Mine has becMi idle throughout the vear.
No. 11. FOURTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 403
Bradford County Mines.
Long Vallej' No. 1 has been idle throughout the year.
Long Valley No. 2. They have erected a five-foot Clark fan during
the year. I found 44,500 cubic feet of air in circulation, and the mine
generally in good condition, except the drainage, which is only fair.
Clearfield County Mines.
Helvetia Mines Nos. 1 and 2, are ventilated by a 25-foot Guibal fan.
Mine No. 1 is almost exhausted. 1 found 95,000 cubic feet of air in
circulation at both mines, and the general condition is very good.
Williamsport Mines were idle on my last visit in December, but the
general condition of the mines was good.
Dixon Mine has been exhausted and abandoned during the year.
Brittanic Mine has done but little work during the year.
CJntaract mine was not in operation at my last visit, but was in
fair condition.
Karthaus Mine is entirely confined to pillar work and is in fair
condition.
Sandy Lick Mine. The ventilation is fair. I found 28,500 cubic
feet of air in circulation, and the drainage good in some, and defec-
tive in other parts of the mine.
RocLu st(r Mine. They have constructed a new slope near the shaft
for a traveling way, which will discontinue the use of the hoisting
shaft for conveying the miners to and from the mines. This change
will shorten the airways and will improve the ventilation very much.
1 found ^2,000 cubic feet of air in circulation. The rope haulage in
the mine has been extended 1,500 feet during the year.
Berwind-White Mine. This is a new shaft mine 265 feet in depth
to tlic bottom of the coal. They are still making improvements,
which are of a substantial and extensive character, but have shipped
no coal during the year. These improvements were quite fully de-
scribed in my last report.
Elk County Mines.
Cascade Mines Nos. 5 and 6 are both worked out and abandoned.
Hazel Dell. Is in fairly good condition, with furnace ventilation.
T found 10,000 cubic feet of air in circulation.
St. Mary's Mines, four in number, are nearly worked out, and are
in fair condition.
Paine Mine is a new mine ventilated by a furnace. Fifty-two
miners are employed, and I found 6.000 cubic feet of air in circula-
tion.
Dagus Slope and Dagus Nos. 2 and 3 Mines employ nearly 500
miners. They were found in good condition. Dagus slope is ventil-
ated bv a fan and T found 2."). 000 cubic feet of air in circulation.
404 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Dagus Xo. 2 is ventilated by a furnace and I found 18,000 cubic
feet of air in circulation. Dagus No. 3 is also ventilated by a fur-
nace, where I found 19,000 cubic feet in circulation.
Shawmut Mine consists of four separate openings, and the coal
from all passes over the same tipple.
Shawmut No. 4 is a new opening. The main drift is 400 feet with
two headings branched off. The air shaft is completed and they have
commenced to build a furnace for ventilation. This mine will con-
nect with drift No, 1, which will improve it to the extent of taking
the long haul from the last named drift. I found them in fair con-
dition.
Mead Run Mines were found in good condition. They are opening
three new drifts around the hill in what is called Roll Hollow. The
tram road is laid out around the hill to this point for the purpose of
bringing the coal to Mead Run, or Shawmut No. 2 chutes. They are
now using a ten-ton locomotive to haul the coal, and the same locomo-
tive will be used to bring the coal from the new openings in the
other ravine to the same chute.
Elbow Mine is ventilated by furnace power. I found 12,200 cubic
feet of air in circulation, and the general condition of the mine is
good.
Glen Fisher Mine. This mine is ventilated by a fan and I found
35,600 cubic feet of air in circulation, well distributed throughout
the workings.
Clinton County Mines.
Kettle Creek Mines were found in good condition, both as to ventila-
tion and drainage. There are two openings, each of which is ven-
tilated by a separate furnace. At No. 1 furnace I found 33,580 cubic
feet of air in circulation, and at No. 2 furnace 30,090 cubic feet, which
is well distributed throughout the mines.
Sullivan County Mines.
Bernice Mines consist of two openings, an old one and a new one.
The old opening is ventilated by a fan, and the new one will be
ventilated in the same way when the work is a little more advanced.
At the old opening I found at the inlet 33,880 cubic feet of air in
circulation, and both openings were found to be in fair condition.
Fatal Accidents.
John Landlicskie, a miner, 40 years of age, was instantly killed
February 10 by fall of coal. The deceased was taking down back
room pillars and had his place undermined four feet deep and four-
teen feet long and loose at both ends. He left a wife and two chil-
dren.
No. 11. FOURTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 405
Anthony Leobon, a miner, was instantly killed February 28 iu
Mead Run mine by a fall of horse-back. He had his room well-tim-
bered, but if he had made a close examination of the roof, he would
hiive discovered its dangerous condition, notwithstanding all the
other precautions which had been taken. He was 36 years of age
and left a wife and one child.
Joseph Pei'rin, a miner, 35 years of age, was instantly killed April
10th by fall of roof. The deceased had fired a shot and went back
to see what it had done, when the roof fell with the above result.
The stone measured nine feet long, four feet wide, and eight inches
thick. He left a wife and two children.
Gustav Salin, a miner in Dagus slope, was instantly killed by fall of
coal April 17. Deceased was taking out back entry stumps and had
it undermined three feet deep and ten feet long and loose on both
ends. He was a single man, 40 j^ears of age.
Henry Ricks, a miner, 56 years of age, was fatally injured August
10 by a fall of roof. The deceased and Benjamin Rouse worked to-
gether. Mr. Gregory, the mine foreman, informed me that he had
ordered him to stand a prop under the loose stone, which he did, but
after Mr. Gregory had gone away, he took it out, as he thought it
was in his way, when a piece of roof measuring eight feet long, six
feet wide and six inches thick, fell and injured him in such a manner
tliat he died nine hours afterwards. He left a widow to mourn his
untimely death.
Joseph Mihouski, a miner, was instantly killed August 28 in Mor-
ris Run slope by a fall of roof. The deceased was breaking away a
room and did not stand a sufficient number of props to secure him-
self. He was told repeatedly by the mine foreman to stand props,
but neglected to heed the warning. Mihouski was a single man, 21
years old.
James Guthrie, a driver, was instantly killed by fall of roof August
28 in Walston No, 2 mine. His trip jumped the track, and when he
hitched to the car to pull it on again it knocked out a prop, which
caused a piece of stone five feet long, three feet wide and six inches
thick to fall upon him. He was a single man 21 years old.
John Hancade, a miner, aged 36, was instantly killed by a fall of
slate at Karthaus, September 15. A large piece of slate was loos-
ened by slips on both sides, which is called a "pot hole," and the coal
having been tnken from the under side of it. it fell. He left a wife
and one child.
Andrew Anderson, a miner, 66 yenrs of age, was instanth' killed in
Antrim No. 1 by a fall of coal while in the act of undermining, after
having removed the sprags and blasted the coal. He left an agnd
V. ife and five children.
406 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Burt Lingwaj', a miner, 35 years of age, was instantly killed in
Adrian No. 1 by being run over on the dilly road. He had no cause
to be on the dilh^ road, as there was a traveling way independent of
that road for the miners to travel on, which was in good condi-
tion. He met his death by willfully disobeying orders and violating
the rules of the mine. He was 35 years of age and left a wife and
six children.
Tony Pickle, a miner, 19 years of age, was instantly killed by fall
of roof November 12 in Walston No. 3 mine. He was working an old
room contrary to the orders of the mine foreman, and neglected to
post the roof and lost his life through his own neglect.
Keport from the Cottage State Hospital of the Fourth Bituminous
Coal District, located at Blossburg, Pa., submitted by Dr. G. D. Cran-
dall, physician and surgeon in charge.
Number of patients admitted for treatment from Feb-
ruary 19, 1891, (date of opening) to March 1, 1892, ... 52
From March 1, 1892, to March 1, 1893, 98
From March 1, 1893, to March 1, 1894, 128
From March 1, 1894, to February 2(5, 1895, 22G
Total admitted, 504
Average number of days that patients were supported
in the institution from Feb. 1, 1893, to Feb. 1, 1894,. . 50 63-112
From Feb. 1, 1894, to Feb. 1, 1895 35 3-11
Number discharged from treatment from Feb. 1, 1894,
to Feb. 1, 1895, 210
Number of patients treated in the institution from Feb.
1, 1893, to Feb. 1, 1894, 112
From Feb. 1, 1894, to Feb. 1, 1895 165
Number treated outside of the institution from Feb. 1,
1893, to Feb. 1, 1894 19
From Feb. 1, 1894, to Feb. 1, 1895 58
Number of prescriptions compounded from Feb. 1, 1894,
to Feb. 1, 1895, 1,145
Xo. 11.
FOURTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
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Official Document, No. 11.
FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
(FAYETTE AND SOMERSET COUNTIES.)
Uniontown, March 16, 1895.
Hon. Isaac B. Urown, Secretary of Internal Affairs:
Sir: In accordance with the requirements of section eleven of ar-
ticle ten of the Act of Assembly approved May 15, 1893, I have the
honor herewith to submit to you my annual report as Inspector of
Mines for the Fifth Bituminous district for the year ending December
31, 1894. It contains in tabulated form the names of all the mines in
the district, their location, the names of operators and superinten-
dents, with their postoffice address, the total production of coal and
coke in net tons for each colliery, also the shipments of coal. The
number of days worked, number of persons employed and their oc-
cupations, and number of fatal and non-fatal accidents, number of
kegs of powder u«ed (approximately), number of steam boilers, loco-
motives, mules, horses, etc. It also shows the causes of the various
accidents which occurred during the year, with the number of widows
and orphans left by fatalities. I also give a summary of the above
for the years 1893 and 1894, for the purpose of comparison, from
which it will be seen that one more fatal, and three non-fatal acci-
dents occurred during the year 1894 than occurred during 1893. But
while that is the case, it will also be noticed that the total number
of persons employed was greater, and that the proportion of acci-
dents to number of persons employed is less than in 1893.
The production of coal is also greater by 278.789 tons than in 1893,
and this too. despite the fact that a prolonged strike took place dur-
ing this year. The total amount of coal mined for 1894 is 3,908,348
net tons. The average number of days worked for the year by the
mines in the district is 170 3-4, a little over half-time. Thus, it will
be seen that the mines have a producing capacity of about 8.000.000
tons of coal annually.
It is a lamentable fact that notwithstanding all the precautions
taken to prevent accidents, at least sixty per cent, of those which
have occurred iti (his district during th-' venr. liave been directly due
416 REPORTS OP THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
to the carelessness of the persons injured. It seems that "familiar-
ity" with danger "breeds contempt" for it, and persons take unwar-
ranted risks which must necessarily result in accidents, and no pre-
cautionary measures can prevent their occurrence. A number of
these accidents have occurred in consequence of some act of "the in-
jured which has been in direct violation of law. The above goes to
show that neither legislation nor instruction will prevent accidents
unless the persons employed in or about the mine will exercise com-
mon sense, and take precautions to protect themselves while em-
ployed in their dangerous avocation.
AVhile it is true that immunity from accidents cannot be expected,
yet every possible precaution should be taken to reduce their num-
ber. To do so successfully, all known dangers should be guarded
against and removed if possible. One of the greatest dangers met
with in this district is the accumulation of explosive gas in the "gob"
where j^illars have been taken out. Considerable gas is given off
from the overlying strata when it is broken by falls, where the coal
has been excavated, as in the drawing of pillars. This gas accumu-
lates on the top of these falls in the gob in large quantities, and is
only kept in check by the pressure of the air, from mixing in danger-
ous volumes with the atmosphere of the mine, and is a constant men-
ace to the safety of life and property. In my judgment such a dan-
ger ought not to exist when it can be removed, and that it can be re-
moved has been very clearly demonstrated by an experimental bore-
hole drilled from the surface into one of these reservoirs of gas at the
Oliver mine, which drained off the gas from a gob fall of about teu
acres in extent; and gas has not been seen in that part of the mine
since, thus demonstrating beyond question the effectiveness of this
method of dealing with the danger. In view of the above, it can no
longer be said "that large volumes of gas in gob workings cannot be
removed," and should an accident ever occur by an explosion of gas,
which has thus been allowed to accumulate, there could be no satis-
factory excuse offered, but on the contrary the oflScials who permit
such conditions to exist with a knowledge of these facts, would be
culpable. The question of expense cannot even be offered as an ex-
cuse, for when bore-holes can be drilled at a cost of |1.00 per foot, the
total cost of a bore-hole will not exceed from |.300 to |400 on an aver-
age. This cost, divided by the tonnage in ten acres of coal, will be
so small a fractional part of a cent per ton, that the question of cost
will not be considered a factor wlien the increased safety to life and
property is taken into consideration.
In another part of this report will be found a detailed description
of the work done by the "Stanley Header" mining machine at West
Leisenrinc: mine.
No. 11. FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 417
I also include as part of my report an opinion of Deputy Attorney
General Stranahan relative to qualifications of applicants for mine
foreman's certificates.
Two persons were prosecuted for violation of the mining law during
the year, viz: Thomas Checks and William Holland. The former
for unlocking his safety lamp and lighting it with matches in Leisen-
ring No. 1 mine, the latter for willfully injuring his safety lamp in
Grindstone mine, both of which mines are worked exclusively with
locked safet}" lamps. Both were convicted and were each sen-
tenced to tw^o months' imprisonment and two hundred dollars fine,
and in default of payment of fine, to two months' additional imprison-
ment. The fines were not paid in either case, and each of them
served the additional two months' imprisonment. These convictions
have had an excellent effect upon the persons employed in mines
where safety lamps are used, as greater care has since been exercised
where safety lamps are used in the mines.
The condition of the mines in the district (with a few exceptions)
is very satisfactory. There is a disposition on the part of the ma-
jority of the owners to cheerfully comply with the requirements of
law. A few, however, seem determined to evade in every possible
way the provisions of the law, and will not do anything except they
are compelled to. Especially is this the case with reference to
the furnishing of some artificial means of producing ventilation in
the mines in Somerset county. The mines in this part of the district
have in the past been run on very loose methods, consequently the
condition of the mines, with regard to ventilation, are such as will
require the expenditure of money to put them in shape, and this
necessary expense is offered as an excuse for their non-obedience
to the law. This excuse will not, however, be entertained, as the
mines will be required to be oi)erated in accordance with the law, or
otherwise to cease operations.
Accompanying this report are the usual statistical tables. All of
which is respectfully submitted.
CHAS. CONNOR,
Mine Inspector.
27-11-94
41S
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
SUMMAKY.
Off. Doc.
1893.
1894.
Number of mines in tlie district,
60
55
67
Number or mines operated during the year,
64
Number ol mines idle during the year,
5
3
Number of new mines opened,
3
1
Number of new mines abandoned during the year, . .
Number of persons employed in the mines, ....
4,146
4,943
Number of persons emploved outside the mines, . . .
2,487
2,676
Total number of persons employed,
6,633
7,619
Total number of days worked by all the mines, . . . .
9,671
10,930
Average number oi days worked by all the mines, . .
158
1703
Number of tons of coal mined (2,000 lbs. ),
3,629,559
3,908,348
Number ol tons of coal shipped (2,000 lbs.),
599,252
669,701
Number of tons of coke produced (2,000 lbs.), . . .
2,092,993
2,264,971
Number ot tons of coal mined for each fatal accident, .
302,463
300,642
Number of emploves for each fatal accident,
553
586
Number of tons of coal mined for each non-fatal acident,
82,490
83,156
Number of employes for each non-fatal accident, . . .
151
162
Number of horses and mules in use,
581
140
619
Number of coke ovens built during the 3'ear,
320
Number of coke ovens in district, .
7,276
7,517
Number of mine locomotives in use,
7
15
Number of kegs of powder reported as used in mines, .
4,032
3,835
Number of steam boilers in use,
175
183
Number ot fatal accidents during the year,
12
13
Number of non-fatal accidents during the year, . . . .
41
47
Number of wives left widows by fatalities,
11
9
Number of orphans left by fatalities,
21
22
Causes of Accidents.
By falls of roof or slate, . .
By falls of coal,
By being struck with cage.
By filling down shafts, . .
By mine wagons,
By gunpowder,
By mules and horses, .
By being struck with posts,
From naiscellaneous causes.
Totals,
1893.
12
16
44
1894.
13
23
2
1
4
47
No. 11. FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 419
Attorney General's opinion as to the necessary qualifications for
applicants for mine foreman's certificates:
Uniontown, January 31, 1894.
Hon. William U. Hensel, Attorney General, Harrisburg, Pa.:
Dear Sir: On behalf of the examining board for the Fifth Bitumin-
ous district, I respectfully ask you to give a decision on the follow-
ing points:-
1st. Must a mine foreman be able to read and write in order to be
competent to discharge the duties of mine foreman in accordance
with the law?
Article VI, section 8, requires that "he shall enter in a book * *
a report of the condition of the mine, signed by himself," etc. Also,
in article XII, section 1, it is required that the person having charge
of a mine shall notify the Mine Inspector of any accident that may
occur, etc. Also, article VI, section 5, says, "the mine foreman shall
measure the air current * * * ^nd keep a record of such mea-
surements," etc.
In view of the above, can an examining board grant a certificate of
competency to a person who cannot read or write?
2d. If a person is unfit to discharge the duties of mine foreman as
required by law. because of his inability to read or write, is an exam-
ining board bound to examine such person when they have discov-
ered that he is unable to read or write? Article XV, section 2, re-
quires that "the examining board shall examine any person applying
thereto as to his competency and qualifications to discharge the du-
ties of mine foreman or fire boss,"
An early reply to the above inquiries will oblige.
Yours respectfully,
CHAS. CONNOR,
Mine Inspector Fifth Bituminous District.
Letter of Attorney General.
Office of the Attorney General,
Harrisburg, Pa., February 6, 1894.
Charles Connor, Esq., Mine Inspector Fifth Bituminous Coal District,
Uniontown, Pa.:
My Dear Sir: Your letter of January 31, 1894, on behalf of the ex-
amining ])oard for the Fifth Bituminous district, has been received.
In this letter you asked to be advised upon three questions. These
questions can all be summed up in one: Must a mine foreman and a
420 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
fire boss be able to read and write in order to be competent to dis-
charge their duties under the act "relating to bituminous coal mines,
and providing for the lives, health, safety and welfare of persons
eniploj-ed therein," approved May 15, 1893. (P. L. 181)3, p. 52.)
It is not the province, neither is it the disposition of this Depart-
ment to interfere in any manner with the duties of your examining
board, yet this question, presenting itself as it does, deserves at the
hands of the Department more than an ordinary inquiry. .
This act of Assembly is a very important one, and the objects to
be obtained by it have been questions of careful study for many
years past. The act itself was prepared carefully by practical and
experienced men. The duties imposed by it are of a very important
character. The persons upon whom these duties are imposed are
supposed to be intelligent, practical and experienced men. The law
has thrown around all of their duties extreme care. In every section
of the act, pertaining especially to the duties of mine foreman and
fire boss, great care is taken to require a faithful performance of
duty. They are to be men of knowledge and of practical experience.
They are not only to have knowledge, but are also required to com-
municate that knowledge, and this, by the duties assigned to them,
is to be done orally as well as in writng.
By article V, section 2, it is said, "The person or persons making
such examination shall have received a fire boss certificate of com-
petency required by this act," etc. Article VI, section 8, requires
that the mine foreman "shall enter in a book * * * ^ report of
the condition of the mine, signed by himself," etc. Also, in article
XII, section 1, it is required that the person having charge of the
mine shall notify the Mine Inspector of any accidents that may occur,
etc. Also, article VI, section 5, provides that "The mine foreman
shall measure the air current * * * rjjjj keep a record of such
measurements," etc.
It will be observed by a careful examination of this act that the
duties required by a mine foreman and fire boss under it are largely
personal and require their personal attention and ability to perform
them.
It is to be inferred from your letter that persons applying to the
examining board for tliese positions under this act can neithei* read
nor write. It is doubtless true that many persons of large experience
and practical knowledge in the operation of bituminous coal mines
can noitliei' rend nor write, yet the Legislature, in its wisdom, in the
adoption of this act, prepared undoubtedly by competent and exper-
ienced persons, seems to require, in addition to this knowledge and
experience, the intelligent power of imparting it, and directly re
quires tlie nbilifv to rend as well as to write. If this inabilitv to read
No. 11. FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 421
or write should appear in the examiDation of your board, in the per
son of any applicant, it would undoubtedly be an evidence of in-
competency under this act of assembly, and at the same time would
not discredit the practical knowledge and experience of such person.
I repeat that it is not the disposition of this Department to inter-
fere with your duties under this act. The examinations are to be made
by the examining board. These persons have been selected to per-
form this duty in consequence of their superior knowledge and ex-
perience in the bituminous coal mines. It would be unwise and im-
proper for this Department in any way to interfere with their duties
in this behalf, but it will certainly appear to the examining board
that many of the duties required by this act to be performed by the
mine foreman and fire boss should be in writing, and under their
own personal knowledge and supervision, and not left to be done or
performed by others; and after it is so done, they themselves would
be unable to read the record so kept by those doing business for
them.
It is only in consideration of the importance of this bill and of the
great interests at stake under it that this Department undertakes by
this letter to make any suggestions whatever in the matter. The
examining board will be guided by its own superior judgment in the
performance of its duty.
Very truly yours,
(Signed.) JAS. A. STRANAHAN,
Deputy Attorney General.
Description of the "Stanley Header" Machine.
In my last year's report I gave an account of the work done by
the "Stanley Header" for a short trial that was made by it as an ex-
periment. 1 am now in a position to give a more detailed account of
the work performed by it at Leisenring No. 2 mine of the H. C. Frick
Coke Company. The description was written for the "Colliery En-
gineer and Metal Miner," and is here reproduced.
The Leisenring No. 2 mine is located at Bute, Fayette county, Penn-
sylvania, on the Vance Mill branch of the Monongahela division of the
Pennsylvania Railroad (P. V. & C. R. R.) It is situated in about the
heart of the Connellsville coke region, and is about seven miles from
Connellsville and five miles from Uniontown. R. A. Slater is superin-
tendent and Walter O'Malley is underground foreman. The coal is
reached through a sliaft some 425 feet in depth. Both sides of the
shaft have been developed.
It was found tliat he coal on the "dip" side was much softer than
422 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
that on the "rise" side of the shaft. As the headings were driven
towards the western outcrop, it was found that the coal became
harder. Just before the heading machine was placed in the mine it
was impossible to get men to drive these headings at the usual scale
rate; the scale called for $1.12 per 100 bushels of coal, while the
I'rick Company paid for these headings a minimum price of $1.80 per
100 bushels and more frequently $2.00.
After working for some eight years, these headings have advanced
nearly a mile and a half from the bottom of the shaft, and about 2,000
feet remained to be driven before they would reach daylight. To
drive them out to the crop was the task set for the machine to do.
The workings were so far in, that it was very difficult to properly
ventilate this part of the mine, and these headings were to b.^ driven
to the outcrop for two purposes:
First. For an upcast or outlet for the ventilation.
Second. For a second safety opening.
The compressor at the works was an old style, straight line, poppet
valve compressor, size 20x30 inches. At 85 revolutions per minute
it was capable of compressing air to a pressure of 75 pounds. From
the compressor, the air was conducted through a four-inch pipe to a
receiver some 75 feet away and situated at the top of the shaft. From
the receiver a four-inch j)ipe ran down the shaft 425 feet, and from the
bottom it ran into the works about 200 feet. Coupled to this was
4,375 feet of 6-inch pipe; following on this line of six-inch pipe was
700 feet of 3-inch pipe, GOO feet of 2f inch and 1,500 feet of 2-inch laid
in the order given. The reason the pipe was laid in this manner
was that before the machine came to the mine the dip workings were
kept free from water by pumps driven by compressed air. As the
work of the Stanley machine was more in the nature of an experi-
ment, owing to the fact that this seam of coal was considered too
soft to mine economically with machines, the Frick Company did
not care to go to the expense of repiping the shaft until the success
of the machine was demonstrated. The pipe was laid very hurriedly
and carelessly. No provision was made for draining the condensed
water, and in going over this line of pipe, the writer counted no less
than 70 leaks and seven right angle turns. With a pressure of 75
pounds at the compressor, a standing pressure of only 35 pounds
could be had at the face. When the machine was running, the mean
effective (running) pressure would drop to eight pounds.
At this point new features were met in heading driving with the
Stanley. All the work heretofore done by this machine had been in
mines where the demand was for a maximum quantity of lump coal,
and never before had the machine been required to cut a heading
more than six feet in diameter. At Leisenring \o. 2, wliere all the
coal is coked, small coal was the most desired.
No. 11. FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 423
A new head or cutting had to be designed. Instead of the bifur-
cated arms, a casting was made, across the face of which were taper
sockets for the reception of the cutting tools. These bits were set
every nine inches across the face alternating on each side of the cen-
ter, so that the distance between the concentric circles was four and
one-half inches. They were placed so that the center bit led the out-
side ones by about a foot. This made the cut a conical one, the slack
as it was made, sliding back out of the way of the cutter head. Af-
ter the bits had penetrated to a depth of five or six inches the coal
was found to break off, even when the work was on the butts of the
coal. More power was necessarily needed to drive this new head,
cutting as it did a seven-foot opening and grinding the coal approx-
imately to slack. This was accomplished by an extra back gearing.
The Stanley engines are of the duplex type, size 8x6 inches, making
350 revolutions per minute. Longitudinally through the centre of
the machine, a screw shaft runs, attached to the forward end of
which is the cutter head. This screw is the device by which the head
is fed forward as the cut advances. After six feet has been cut, the
head is anchored and the feed nut reversed. By this operation the
whole machine is pulled up andthesameprocess is again gone- through
with. Through the lower section of the machine, an endless chain
conveyor is run, which carries the coal as fast as cut to the rear end
of the machine and deposits it in mine wagons.
In the operation of the machine, the services of three men are re-
quired. One, the foreman, runs the machine and sees that it is kept
up, and also as the work progresses, squares up the bottom with a
pick. He receives for his work |2,50 per shift of nine hours. The
other two are common laborers, their duty being to shovel the coal
into the conveyor as fast as it is mined. They receive $2.00 each per
shift.
In driving 2,254 feet of heading an actual average of 17 feet per
shift was made, and 75,150 bushels of coal mined and loaded.
75,150 bushels cut in 130 shifts, at |6.50 per shift, |845 00
Machine repairs, 5 00
A total cost of 1850 00
Cost per foot • 3775
Cost per 100 bushels coal |1 13
Of these 130 shifts of 9 hours each, only 55 per cent, of the time
was consumed in actual cutting or in the operation of the machine.
424 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
On this basis, the work should have been completed in 73.1 shifts of
9 hours each.
75,150 bushels in 73.1 shifts, at |6.50, $475 15
Machine repairs, 5 00
Total cost, $480 15
Cost per foot, |0 21 1-3
Cost per 100 bushels, 64
In not driving the parallel, the Frick Company saved:
Excess rate per 100 bushels of coal in heading over room
rate was, |0 80
1,475 feet— 49,170 bushels, at SO cents, |393 36
Break — through every 300 feet through a 30-foot pil-
lar—ISO feet— 5,100 bushels, 40 80
Total, 1434 16
The 2,254 feet that was cut in 130 shifts of nine hours, represents
every shift in which any cutting was done, as well as those shifts
when the machine was broken down or undergoing repairs. Some
days the men would start the machine and cut only a foot or so, when
some delay on the part of the mine management would arise, makin^^
it an impossibility to get either any more wagons or compressed air
for the machine.
The men were on duty 130 shifts of nine hours each. Total, 1,700
hours. The delays during the said time were as follows:
Hours.
For empty wagons to load, 106 . 1 6
For wrecks on haulage after cars left machine, 85 . 30
For compressed air, 20.08
For pipe and track, 47 . 58
For engineer giving points, 20.09
For cutting roof and horse-backs 36.00
For sundries, (>9 . 2)
For machine break downs :'7 . .■)0
Total, 511.96
Actual working lime 658.04
No. 11. FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 425
The problem of handling the wagon was quite a serious one. From
the end of the rope haulage to the starting point of the machine was
a haul of 2,500 feet up a seven per cent, grade. All a team of mules
could do was to haul two empty wagons up this grade. The handling
of the loaded wagons was as difficult. Often the loaded wagons with
all wheels spragged would get away from the driver and tear down
the grade and wreck themselves, playing general havoc. No further
comment on the other delays is needed, save perhaps it might be well
to state that of the thirty-seven and one-half hours chargeable to
machine, twenty of these were consumed in sending for and getting to
the works a small gear shifter, no extra parts being kept on hand.
A great portion of this work was done during the general miners'
strike. During this strike, the only work done at Leisenring No. 2
was in driving these headings by the Stanley machine. The drivers,
etc., were naturally disorganized, and it could hardly be expected
that the work should have progressed as fast as if the mine had been
running at its full capacity.
A distance of 1,475 feet was driven without a parallel. This is re-
markable, as Leisenring No. 2 mine is one of the most gaseous in thf^
Connellsville region, the general use of safety lamps being required
by law. Tn this case the parallel was an unnecessary feature, as the
heading was driven only for a second opening and as an upcast for
the ventilation.
The machine ventilates its heading as it progresses by utilizing the
exhaust as a .let blower, sucking up all the dust, etc., into an 8-inch
pipe and discharging it at the rear end of the machine. By this de-
vice, great distances ahead of the natural ventilation can be driven.
Besides the saving in break-throughs, the pillar is kept intact, saving
all leakages in the stoppings. Many runs of ?A feet in a shift of nine
hours were made and in a few cases 100 bushels of coal have been
mined and loaded into the wagons in eighteen minutes.
The heading made was beautiful, being perfectly arched, increas-
ing the strength of the roof. Tt was perfectly smooth and straight,
giving much less frir-tion for the air current.
Tn doing this work at loast 100 "horse-backs" were encoimtered.
They M'ere of a slaty nature, but the machine had no difficulty in cut-
ting them although they frequently occupied half the cross
section of the heading. This made an additional saving, for by hand
the minors only cut the coal out and are followed by a crew of
horse-back men who shoot uo the bottom and load the refus" into
the wagons. This method is both expensive and dangerous, by rea
son of the existing fire damp.
Pummarizincr the advantaees of this machine which occur to thf
writer nro:
14
426 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
First. Rapidity of development; great speed attained.
Second. Reduction in cost of heading driving.
Third. Economy in the use of compi'essed air.
Fourth. Reduction in cost of timber, and improved ventilation,
owing to the arclied roof, smooth rib, and reduced number of break-
throughs.
Description of Mines in the Fifth Bituminous Inspection District.
Atlas. This mine is operated by the Cambiia Iron Company, and is
located near Dunbar. The fire which is still burning in the mine is
a source of danger, and has to be carefull^y watched to keep it from
spreading. To do this more eifectually, new brick stoppings have
been built along the side of the man way, the better to exclude the air.
Through these walls })ipes are inserted, to wliich can be attacluMl
connections from a new three-inch pipe-line l.(KH) feet in length, which
has been put into the mine during the year, and which is connected
to the water cistern outside the mine. Through this pipe-line, water
is conveyed into the mine and can be utilized to keep the mine fire
under subjection and within definite limits. Every care is exercised
to prevent th ^ fire from spreading, also to prevent accidents from that
source. A large water sump has been made at the extreme dip
workings during the year for the purpose of collocfing the water
which the mine makes, and also that of adjoining mines (Mahoning
and Anchor). Large pumps are located near, which will raise this
water through bore-holes to the surface. Various improvements nuide
in the mine during the year have cost an aggregate of over $1,000.
The mine is in good condition as to ventilation and drainage, and is
being well looked after.
Mining boss, Chas. R. Trew.
Anchor. Ts operated by the Atchison Coke Company, and located
near Dunbar. The coal in tliis mine is nearly all procured from ribs
and entry pillars, and is rapidly approaching the mine mouth and
will soon be exhausted.
The mine fire which has been burning in this mine for years is left
behind in the "gob." and does very little damage, except that black
damp and other noxious gases are given off and mix more or less
with the air current. -but as there is an abundant su])ply of fresh air
being forced into the mine by the fan, the deleterious effects are not
felt much. TTnder the careful supervision of Mr. Duncan, every pre-
cr.ution is taken to insure safety to life and property. At the pres-
ent rate of mining, the mine will be exhausted in about two years.
Mining boss and superintendent. William Duncan.
No. 11. FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 427
Bessie. This is a uew mine opened out during the year, and is
owned and operated by the Lynn Coal Company, and located on a
l)ranch road of the I'emicky Railroad, near I'erryopolis, Fayette
county.
The improvements consist of a new tipple, with all the most ap
proved appliances for screening and ])reparing coal for market, a new
boiler and engine house, one boiler and a pair of engines.
The opening is a slope, and follows the dip of the coal the grade
being al)out seven feet to the hundred. The main heading will bp on
the double heading system, and the butt headings will be worked on
the three-entry plan. A shaft twenty-eight feet deep has bei^n sunk,
on which will be built in tlie near future a fan of the "Guibal" type.
This promises to be a well laid out mine, and under the present man-
agement will be well looked after, both as to healthfulness and
safety.
Mining boss, Jacob Hauser,
Baugh. This is also a new mine. It has been opened out by the
Baugh & Luce Coal Company, and is situated near Perryopolis, on the
bi'ancli road of the Pemicky Railroad which runs up Washington Run.
The opening has been driven diagonally across the dip of seam, and
the coal is hauled out by mules. Another opening is being made
Avhich will shorten the haul, and also improve the ventilation, which
at the present is by natural means. Some artificial means will be
adopted w^hen the second opening is completed, which, with other
<'ontemplated improA'ements, Avill bring the mine within the require-
ments of the law.
Mining boss, Allan Chamj).
Buffalo. Idle all year.
Berlin. Operated by John (). Stoner and located on the Berlin
branch of th<> Baltimore and Oliio Railroad near Berlin, Somerset
county. This mine Avorked 200 days during the year, but most of the
time only three men were employed to supply local consumption of
coal for domestic purposes in the town of Berlin. Ventilation and
drainage fair.
Mining boss, Com-ad J. Baker.
Casselman. Situated on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Gar-
rett, Somerset county, and operated by the Casselman Coal Company.
This mine was not o])erated very strongly during the year, working
only ]r>>0 days and with a greatly diminished force of workmen, pro-
ducing only 25,000 tons of coal in 1894, as compared with 60,000 tons
in 1803. Loss of orders caused by the strike is assigned as the reason
for the decreased production.
428 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doe.
A stairwa}' was put iu the air shaft as a second meaas of escape.
The draiuage and ventihition have been improved. A new slop» has
been put down through the old workings which will shorten and im
prove the haulage of coal and lessen the cost of operating the mine.
Mine generally in good condition and well looked after.
Mining boss, Henry Naylor.
Cumberland. Operated by the Cumberland and Summit Coal Com-
pany, and located near Myersdale, Somerset county. This mine is
in fair condition as to drainage, but the ventilation is defective.
Formerly it was ventilated by natural means, and in order to comply
with the law which requires some artificial means of producing ven-
tilation, a "fire basket" was put in at one of the old openings to act as
a furnace, but it has proved utterly inadequate to furnish sufficient
ventilation for the requirements of the mine. While nominally com
plying with the law, so far as it relates to artificial means being em-
ployed, virtually and actually it depends on natural means to pro-
duce what little ventilation is in circulation. At each of my visits T
found just a little over the lawful quantity of air per man, but more
is needed to remove the dense volumes of powder smoke generated by
the excessive use of gunpowder in blasting the coal.
Mine boss and superintendent, Fred. Rowe.
Clarissa. Owned and operated by James Cochran, Sons & Co.
'This mine is in good condition in every respect. Formerly it wa-s
ventilated by natural means, but in order to comply with the law, m
large furnace was built at the bottom of air shaft which produces an
abundance of air throughout the entire mine.
Mining boss. .T. C. Moore.
Chester. Operated by E. A. Humphries & Co. The ventilation in
this mine was somewhat defective at the beginning of the year, on ac-
count of Ihe power producing the air current being too w(\nk to over-
come the resistance of the airAvays. To remedy this evil, a new air
shaft was put down in the interior of the mine, which reduces the
distance that the air had to travel about one-half, and consequently
gives a greater volume of air in the mine. The mine is now fairly
well ventilated, and in other respects it is in good condition,
]\Tining boss, George Armstrong.
Trossland. This mine is in excellent condilion and is looked aft(\r
in such a manner that complaint is unuecessnrv. Tlie ventilation is
abundant and well distributed around the working places. The haul
age roads and drainage is kept in good shape. A new "Cuibal" fan
has been erected over a new air shaft, which was sunk during the
venr. The fan is so constructed tliat it mav be used cillici' as a
No, 11. FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 429
blower cvi' an exhaust, and gives good results. A new tipple has
bekii builL and also coal bins, from which the coal is loaded into a
"larry," and the coke ovens are charged by this means, instead of di-
rectly from the mine w agons, as was formerly done. Much better re-
sults are secured, and valuable time saved by the new arrangements.
Mining boss, David Walters.
Choat llaveu. This is a new mine opened out on the Fairmont,
Moi«gantown and Tittsburgh Division of the Baltimore and Ohio Kail-
road, and operated by the Cheat Haven Coal Company, it is opened
out on the double entry system and is well laid out with a view to
large shipments. An air shaft has been sunk and a furnace will
probably be built in the near future.
The coal lies up on the hills several hundred feet above the level
of railroad and is lowered down from the mines to the tipple by
means of a self-acting incline, whereby the loaded miue cars haul up
the empty oues. The tipple is well built and has all modern improve-
ments and equipments for the preparing of coal for market. The
mine does not at present employ a sufficient number of persons to
come under the provisions of the law, and therefore has no mine boss.
Superintendent, Chris Echard.
Edna. This mine only worked 84 days during the year, and was not
working at any of my visits, and is now idle again. Its condition was
fair as to drainage and ventilation.
Mine boss, H. M. Wilson.
Elm Grove. Operated by W. T. Rainey. This mine is in fair con-
dition, both as to drainage and ventilation, A new slope opening is
contemplated as one of the improvements in the near future.
Mining boss, Walter McDonald.
Fairchance. Located near Fairchance and owned and operated by
the Fairchance Furnace Company. This mine is a peculiar one,
owing to the surface being so thin above the coal seam. On this
account numerous falls break through the surface and make it im-
possible to have any regular system of ventilation. The bottom
being a soft lire clay, and the surface water having ready access to
the mines, the drainage is at times very bad. A new fan was built
during the year and would give good results providing the air
current was not cut off so frequently by the numerous falls through
to the surface. Upon the whole, however, the men do not suffer for
want ef air by reason of the great number of falls which all act as
air shafts. A new slope is now being worked which will go under
thicker surface, and better results will then be obtained.
Mining b«ss. Jolin N. King.
430 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Ferguson. This mine has only worked part of the year and only
with about nine or ten men employed. The mine generally is in fair
condition.
Mining boss, Michael McQuade.
Fairvievv. Operated by the Fairview Coal Company, and located ou
Crassy Kun, Somerset county. The ventilation in this mine is still
produced by natural means. I have received promises at each visit
to this mine that it should be put iu conformity with law, but as
yet they have not been f ulhlled. There is only one thing that is left
to be done under the circumstances, viz: To prosecute the manage
ment for violation of the mining law. On my last visit I notihed the
superintendent to comply with the law before my next visit, and ou
failure to do so that I would enter proceedings against him. There
are no means used to force air into or conduct it around the workings
of the mine in any regular, continuous current, but nature is left to
do the best she can to supply the deficiency, and when natural means
fail, then the men employed in the mine have to suffer for lack of
air. The condition of the mine in this respect is a standing disgrace
to the management, and a positive injury to the health of the persons
employed therein.
Mining boss, Archie Cochrane.
(Jrindstoue. This mine was idle nearly all year, having only worked
;>() day^. The condition of the mine was such, that when 1 learned
that it had commenced operations again, 1 at once visited it. It gen-
crates large quantities of explosive gases, and knowing that large
accumulations of such gases were in the old and abandoned parts of
the mine on former visits, I was anxious to know if these gases were
still allowed to remain in the mine. On examining the mine T found
that the dangers still existed, whereupon I made the following sug-
gestions in writing to Thomas Burtolt, mine foreman, on July 7, 1894:
First. That masonry stoppings be built between main intake and
return airways.
Second. That slielter holes be made on main haulage road.
Third. That air erossings be made of incombustible material.
Fourth. That safety lamps be used exclusively in all parts of the
mine.
I added, "I e.\p('<t to hear from you that the above suggestions have
been carried out in as short a time as possible." 1 waited for two
weeks, and not receiving any communication from the mine olVicials
relative to the above suggestions, I made arrangements with three of
the other Inspectors to visit the mine with me, and on July 24th,
Messrs. l.outtit, Jenkins and Callaghan, Inspectors of the First, Sec-
ond and Ninth districts, respectively, and myself, again visited the
No. 11. FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 431
mine and found the same dangers to exist, whereupon the officials vveie
again notihed as before, and shortly afterwards ail of the suggestions
were complied with. At this second visit 1 notified the mine loremau
in writing to have all of the standing gas removed as tar as practic-
able within hve days, which was done, and the mine was then in a
comparatively safe condition. After the safety lamps were intro-
duced into the mine another dihiculty arose from the fact that elec-
tric wires were distributed throughout tUe mine lo supply power to
run mining machines, and such wires and machinery connected
Iberewith were not constructed in such a manner as to insure safety
from the emission of sparks into the atmosphere of the mine, as re-
quii ed by law. Under these circumstances (on learning that the ma
chines were still being used in the mine) 1 at once notified the super-
intendent to immediately stop all the electric currents from entering
the mines, unless they could secure freedom from the emission of
sparks into the mine atmosphere as required by law. On receipt ol
my notification the machines were promptly withdrawn from the
mine. Shortly afterwards the mine was shut down and has not again
resumed operations.
Mining boss and superintendent, William Gillie.
Great Blufi". This mine was only run for the purpose of supplying
coal for domestic purposes and employed only five men during the
year, and was therefore not under the provisions of the law.
Grassy Kun. Mine in fair condition as to drainage, but not comply-
ing with law in regard to ventilation, inasmuch as it has no artificial
means to put air in circulation through the mine, although at each
v'sit 1 found an abundant volume of air passing around the working
places which was produced by natural means.
Mining boss and superintendent, John Meagher,
Hamilton. This mine employs only uine persons and does not come
under the provisions of the law, and is nearly exhausted. Only a few
ribs and entry stumps are to be mined to finish the mine.
Hocking. This mine is located on the Salisbury branch of the B. &
O. Railroad, Somerset county. This is one of the many mines in
Somerset county which has never adopted any artificial means of
producing ventilation, and like all such the ventilation is uncertain
and variable, sometimes there is an abundance, and at other times
not any at all. The owners were notified to comply with law in this
respect, and failure to do so on their part will result in proceedings
being entered against them. The drainage and other conditions of the
mine were good.
Mining boss, Robert A. \\' inter.
432 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OP MINES. Off. Doc
Hill Farm. This mine is operated by the Dunbar Furnace Com-
pany. Located near Dunbar. Ventilation is produced by fan and is
amply sufficient for the requirements of the mine, but it is not well
distributed around the working places. The drainage is also bad in
parts of the mine, especially on the manway. The slope is also in a
very dangerous condition, from the effects of the fire, which has
loosened the strata to such an extent that numerous falls occur, and
careful watching is necessary to prevent accidents. Every pre-
caution is used by the mine officials to render it as safe as possible.
The mine fire still burns on each side of the slope, hence the tem-
perature of the air on the slope is very high, ranging from 85 to 90
degrees.
Mining boss, Matthew Herron.
Hurst. This mine has no second means of escape for the men, ex
cept through the furnace shaft. 1 notified the owners to have an
other opening made as soon as possible to comply with the law, and
not to work more than 20 persons at any one time in the mine uutij
such opening had been made. The air current was not sufficient for
the requirements of the mine. I therefore had the superintendent
build thirty feet of stack on top of the air shaft, and also to turn the
exhaust steam into the shaft, by which means the volume of air was
considerably increased. Owing to lack of trade the mine has sus-
p<'nded operations indefinitely.
Mining boss, Jacob Hauser.
Juniata, This mine is in good condition in all respects and is well
and carefully managed.
Mining boss, John D. Hayden.
Ivyle. Owned and operated by the H. C. Frick Ooke Company. Lo-
cated near Fairchance. The mine is in good condition as to ventila-
tion, drainage and general safety.
Mining boss, L W. Rickard.
Keystone. Idle all the year,
Leith. Owned and operated by the H. C. Frick Coke Co. Located
near Uniontowu. This is an extensive mine and is in good condition
in all respects. The officials are desirous of doing everything to con-
form to law, and indeed even exceed its requirements in many in-
stances. The mine is well equipped with first class machinery and
appliances for the rapid handling of a large output of coal, and is
efficiently managed and looked after. A new pipe-line four inches in
diameter has been laid from the shaft to a bore-hole (which has been
drilled for water) located at the foot of Chestnut Ridge near Hop-
wood, ;i (lislnnce of nboiil two miles. Tlie watei- (lows from the bore-
No. 11. FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 433
hole and runs by gravity to the shaft where it is used in the boilers;
also for the coke ovens. This insures a reliable supply of water dur-
ing dry weather.
Mining boss, Thos. Hooper.
Leisenring No. 1. This mine is in good condition generally, ventila-
tion and drainage being well looked after. A new underground fire-
proof stable was completed early in the year; also the pump house
was arched over with brick and lighted by electricity. Everything
about the mine is of a substantial character.
Mining boss, George Roebuck.
Leisenring No. 2. This mine is now in fair condition. On one of
my visits I found the air in the headings on north flats very feeble,
and the lights burning dimly. This was due to the fact that some
doors and stoppings were not in yilace. Some alterations with ref-
erence to the position of doors and the erection of overcasts were
made, when the condition of the air was very much improved. The
drainage upon the whole is good, as is the condition of the mine gen-
erally.
Mining boss, Walter O'Malley.
Leisenring No. -S. This mine was found to be in good condition at
each of my visits. The drainage is good, as is also the ventilation.
T always found large quantities of explosive gases in the old or
abandoned workings where ribs had been drawn, and also in the
gob, where ribs were being worked. T am of the opinion that this
danger could be obviated by the drilling of bore-holes from the sur-
face through into these "gobs" and the gases allowed to escape
through the bore-holes. This mine is kept safe only by the large
volumes of air brought to bear upon the gases, and should a break-
down in the ventilating apparatus occur, the mine would soon fill
Avith these explosive gases and become dangerous. Great en re is
exercised by the management to prevent accidents and the mine is
b^ing well looked after.
Mining boss, John Nolan.
Lynn. This mine is in good condition, both as to ventilation and
drainage. A new air shaft was sunk 70 feet in depth, on top of which a
stack of 80 feet w.ns built. At the bottom of this shaft a furnace was
built which produces nn abundnnt volume of air for the requirements
of the mine.
Mining boss and superintendent. James Hafding,
Laughead. Tliis small mine is in good condition, having an abun-
dant supply of air and is well drained. The coal is beincr worked on
the retrentinc: system, the headings having all been driven to tho
2S: 11-04
434 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
boumlai y before rooms were worked, thus cleaning all the coal as the
workings come back. The water is all drained by the adjoining
mines, they being to the dip. The mine is well looked after.
Mining boss, James Allen.
Lemont No. 1. 0\\ ned and operated by the McClure Coke Company.
This mint; has a large number of i»illar workings which have been
left standing for years, and it will be diflicult to recover them on ac-
count of the numerous falls in the old rooms, and also because the
l»i]lars have not been left large enough to allow them to be split.
When work is commenced to draw them, a sciueeze may be exi)ected
to overrun the mine, and large quantities of coal be lost. Gas is
generated in the mine in considerable volumes where ribs are being
drawn, and great care is required in order to keep it safe. A con-
siderable volume of the intake air was allowed to escape through im-
Ifcrfect stoppings, before reaching the w^orking ])laces of the mine. A
Aolume of ?>0,.500 cubic feet was measured at inlet, while at a point
fnriher in ilio airway (and before it had been split to supply the
working' places) a volume of only 21,000 cubic feet could be obtained,
showing a loss of 1S..500 cubic feet by leakage, oi- nearly one-half. T
called attention to this matter and the mine officials promised to have
the defect remedied.
Mining boss, James Hart.
Lemont No. 2. This mine is in good condition, having been opened
out and worked by the" ■VrcClure Coke Co., they having retained as the
mine boss Mr. Ellas Philip during all Ihe time the mine has been
ojterated. It has been carefully looked after, and in consequence
its condition is good in every respect. There has been no gouging,
but everything has been done by systematic methods. The min-.^ has
b(>en well laid out by the engineer in charge and ihe plans have been
faithfully followed.- The results show that coke can be made as
cheap by proper methods of working a mine, as by haphazard melh
ods which result in great damage to the mine, and also great loss of
coal. The mine exceeds the demands of law Avith reference (o health-
fulness and safety. T regard this mine as one of the best in my dis-
trict.
Mining boss, Ellas Philips.
>rorgan. Operated by Pinnell &: Morgan and located on Salisbury
blanch of the "Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Somerset county. Tliis
mine is a new one and employs only ten men, but more men will be
employed as the work is developed. The openings hav(^ not yet been
connected, but are being rapidlv pushed, and will soon be in such
shape that the ventilation can be conducted up io and around the
workincr plnres. The mine has only been in operation since Septem-
ber 1, 1S04. No mine boss is employed yet.
No. 11. FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 435
Morrell. This mine is operated by the Cambria Irou Company.
The condition of the mine has not been very favorable during a great
part of the year. The ventilation was not carried up to the working-
places but allowed to leak throiigh imperfect canvas doors and stop-
pings. The drainage was also very bad in parts of mine, sections
of main haulage roads being under several inches of water for dis-
tances of several hundred yards. The main slope is also in a danger-
ous condition. The timbers supporting the roof are broken and re-
quire to be renewed in quite a number of jthux^s to insure safety.
Some improvements have been nuuh^ and others are now being made
to put the mine in better condition.
Mine boss, John Yocum.
IMahoning. Operated b^' the Cambria Iron Company. This mine is
in good condition both as to ventilation and drainage, and is well
looked after.
Mining boss, D. P. Brown.
Mt. Braddock. Operated by W. J. Kainey. This mine has been
pushing the headings and oi)ening up new workings. The old part of
the mine being in bad condition, an effort has been made during the
year to develop new work so that the mine could be put into such
condition as would conform to the law, and at the same time enable
the operator to secure a sufficient quantity of coal to keej) the ovens
in full blast. If the developments are continued during next year,
the mine will be in such condition as will place it amongst the best
in the district, instead of being as now regarded, one of the worst.
A new air compressor has been built during the year for the purpose
of running the mine pumps by air instead of steam as heretofore.
Eighteen new dwelling houses have been also erected during the year.
The condition of the mine is good as to ventilation and drainage.
Mining boss, J. M. Franklin.
Nellie. This mine is in good condition throughout. New brirk
overcasts have been built and some new splits made in the air cur-
rent, which have greatly increased the volume of air in circulation in
the mine. A new coal crusher has also been erected which crushes
the coal before it is put into the coke ovens. It is claimed that a
better quality of coke is made by the adojition of this melliod of (I'ent-
ing the coal.
Mining boss, David B. Young.
Nellie. This is a new opening which has been made during the
year. It is located on the Salisbui-y branch of the Tialtimore and
Ohio Railroad in Somerset county and is operated by E. Statler. The
mine is being well opened out and if the present methods are con-
tinued, a good mine will be the result. .\t ]»r sent only nine ])erson»
are employed, and consequently no mining boss is required.
436 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Oliphant. Operated by the H. C. Fiick Coke Company. Located
near Faiichance. This mine is in fair condition. At the be^nninji
of the year the air current was somewhat vitiatinl on the left side of
the slope, owing to black damp from the gob workings being allowed
to mix with it, where ribs had been taken out. The direction of the
air current was changed, and this defect was remedied and the mine
is now in fair condition, both as to vpntilation and drainage.
Mining boss. James S. Connor.
Oliver No. 1. Operated by the Oliver Coke and Furnace Co. This
mine is in good condition. A new fan has been erected during the
year which produces an abundance of air. Several new brick overcasts
have been built, and thp air current is split into various parts of the
mine and conducted into main return airways, which go directly to
the upcast shaft and are independent of and have no connection witli
any of the traveling or haulage roads. By this arramgement. if
gas should be given off in dangerous quantities, it can be carried di-
rectly out and not be allowed to go to any other part of
the mine. An endless rope system of haulage is being put into the
mine, which will very much improve the handling of the coal. The
stables are also made fire proof by being lined with brick laid in ce-
ment.
Mining boss, C. R. Ross.
Oliver No, 2. Operated by the same company as the Oliver No. 1
mine, and is practically the same mine, as it is ventilated by the same
fan and is connected in such a manner by underground railroads that
coal can be sent from any part of the workings to either shafts as re-
quired. A new iron head-frame has been erected at this shaft, and is
ofjuipped with self dumping cages which deliver the coal automatic-
ally from the mine wagons into a large iron bin. From this bin the
coal is drawn through openings into larries which charge the coal
into the coke ovens, J^OO in number, which haA'e also been built dur-
ing the year. The engines and machinery about this plant ar(^ of a
strong and durable character.
Mine boss. C. "R. Ross.
Paul. Operated by W. J. Rainey. This mine is in excellent condi
fion both as to ventilation and drainage. The slope has been re
gr.'ided to allow the cars to run back into the mine by gravity, and so
well has this been done that a very large output of coal can be deliv-
ered in1n the bins in a remarkably short time.
Mining boss, Robert Nelson.
Percy. Operated by the Percy Mining Company. This mine has
not run full titup during the year, the production being mostly used
No. 11. FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 437
lo Kupply coal lor the locomotives on the Baltimore aud Ohio Kail-
load. Condition of mine good.
Mining boss, Everhart Shiplej.
Pine Hill. Located on lierlin i>ranch of Ihe Ualtimoiu and Ohio
liailioad. Owned and operated by 8. (Jolemau 6i tSon. This is a
small mine and is not in very good condition either as to drainage or
ventilation. The most of the coal produced during the year was
mined when the other mines in {Somerset county were on a strike.
Mining boss, Henry Naylor.
Kedstone. Operated by the H. G. Frick Coke Company. The condi-
tion of this mine is evidence of the fact that it is being looked after
by careful and competent persons. The ventilation, drainage and
general conditions are good throughout the entire mine.
Mining boss, Elijah Parker.
Stewart. Operated by the Stewart Iron Company, Limited. The
condition of this mine is also good. The new workings are being de-
veloped by headings in such a manner as to make a squeeze impossi-
ble when the ribs are being removed. The management has profited
by experience, as quite a large quantity of coal was lost by creeps
which were caused by leaving insufficient pillars. Attempts art-
being made to recover some of this lost coal, but with What success
the future will determine.
Mining boss, Isaac G. Roby.
Snidwrs. This mine is operated entirely for the production of coal
for domestic purposes, and except during the winter months, does
not employ enough men to bring it under the requirements of law.
On the whole it is in fair condition.
Mining boss, Robert Wilson.
Smock Nos. 1 and 2, Operated by J. D. Boyd Goal Company. No.
1 mine is in good shape as to drainage, but the ventilation is not vig
orous enough to keep the working places clear of powder smoke. iSIo
better results can be hoped for with the present furnace, as it is too
small t© do the work. No. 2 mine has just been opened out and does
not yet come under the provisions of the law.
Mining boss, Ben Holliday.
Statler. The drainage in this mine is good. The veutihitiou is un
certain and variable, both in quantity and direction, being produced
by natural means. A new air shaft has been sunk, at the bottom of
wliicB a furnace will be built and better results are anticipated.
Mining boss, Orlando Flesher.
Shaws. This mine is in good condition so far as drainage is con-
438 ' REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
cerned. The ventilatiou, however, is uot wliat it should be. This
as due to the fact tliat the iuruace is too small for the size of the
mine, and is unable to produce air in sufficient quantities to ventilate
the workings properly. A fan was at one time about to be erected,
but the lack of water to supply boilers to generate steam, caused the
plans to be changed, and now a new shaft will be sunk near the face
of the j)resent workings and another furnace built of such dimen-
sions as will give an air current sufficient for the mine.
Mine boss, James Philips.
JShaw's Grassy Run. This mine is about exhausted, as all the coal is
nearly worked out. A few more mouths will tinish it.
Mining boss, Wm. K. Murray.
Standard, This is an old mine reopened and located on the lierlin
blanch of the Baltimore and Ohio Kailroad. It has not been oper-
ated very extensively, however, as there are only ten or twelve men
employed. The condition of the mine is uot good, as the drainage
and ventilation are defective. Since Ihe strike ended only nine men
have been reptuted as being employed, theref(U-e there is no mine boss
in charge.
Tub Mill Run. The drainage of this mine is good, but the ventila-
tion is very defective. Notice had been given to the operators to
comply with the requirements of law, and provide some artitieial
meam; to pioduce ventilatiou, but nothing as yet has been done. Ex-
cuses were made that the strike had prevented them from doing so.
Unless action is taken to comply with law, proceedings will be en-
tered against them.
Mining boss, John Rees.
Thoiiins. This mine is in fair condition as to drainage, but is not up
to the I'equirements with regard to ventilation.
Mining boss and superintendent, Benjamin Thomas.
Tiotter. Operated by the 11, (). Frick (-oke (Company. This mine
is in good condition, and like all the Frick ('ompany's mines is kept
ahead of the re(|uii('ments of the law in regard to ventilation.
Mining boss, \V. .1. Callaghan.
Taylor, This is a new mine and is operated by Isaa(; Taylor & Co.
It is located on a branch of the P. V. & C, Railroad near Vance's Mill,
It has not yet emidoyed more than nine men in the mine, conse-
quently no mine boss has been employed.
Uniondale. Idle all year.
W'ynn. Ojjcrated by the H. C, Frick Ooke Ooinj)any. Located near
Fairchance. This mine only worked :M davs during the vear. It is
No. 11. FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 439
in good condition both as to drainage and ventilation and is well
looked after.
Mining boss, Robert Donaldson.
Wheeler. Operated by Cambria Iron Company. Ventilation good,
general condition fair. Drainage could be improved, especially on the
hauling roads.
Mining boss, Frank Deary.
Washington. Operated by the Washington Coal and Coke Com-
pany. This mine has been very rapidly developed, and the workings
are very extensive for the time the mine has been operated. At each
visit I found the mine in good condition, the air well distributed and
abundant in volume. The drainage good and the mine throughout is
being well managed and looked after. It is now producing about
2,400 tons of coal daily.
Mining boss, George W. Santimyer.
Walker. Operated by George K. Walker. Located near Elk Lick,
Somerset county. This mine is in good condition but requires some
ai'tificial means to produce ventilation in order to comply with the
law.
Mining boss, Robert Easton.
Yoder. Operated by Cumberland Coal and Mining Co. This is au
old mine which has been reopened. The condition of the mine is not
good, either with regard to ventilation or drainage. Improvements
have and are being made, which when completed will put it in fair
shape. This will require time, patience and expense, which are being
expended upon it.
INIiuing boss, Thomas Coulihan. _ .
Youngstown. Operated by the Youngstown Coke Company, Lim
iied. This mine is a very difficult one to operate, owing to the b;id
roof which is encountered. Explosive gas is also generated largely,
and great care has to be exercised to keep it in a safe condition. This
is being done by the officials in charge, and despite the difficulties
which they have to contend with, its condition is being steadily im-
proved. A change in the method of ventilation is contemplated, and
when this is accomplished good results will follow. The air will be
greater in volume and better distributed. ]More or less trouble has
been experienced from a partial s(jueeze which has taken place where
ribs have been drawn in i)arts of mine. This difficulty has to a great
extent been overcome, and if the same good management is contin
ued, the mine will in a short time be in a comparatively good condi-
tion.
Mining boss, James Exton.
440
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
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29-11-94
Official Document,
No. 11.
SIXTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
(CAMBRIA, SOMERSET AND INDIANA COUNTIES.)
Johnstown, March 8, 1895.
Hon. Isaac B. Brown,
Secretary of Internal Att'airs, Harrisburg, Pa.:
Sir: I have the honor of herewith submitting my annual report as
Inspector of Mines of the Sixth Bituminous District for the year end
ing December 31, 1894. The report shows that the production for
the year as compared with 1898 has decreased 159,190 tons, and
owing to the long strike of three and a half months in the beginning
or the year, the avei'age number of days worked has been decreased
from 176 in 1893 to 140 days for this year. The total production for
the year 1894 was 2,981,088 tons. The report contains tabulated
statements of the fatal and non-fatal accidents, number of employes
outside and inside of the mines, etc. Also a brief report on the con-
dition of the ventilation and drainage of each mine in the district;
also an article on the improvements made in the methods of mining,
hauling, draining and ventilating, which are conducive to increasing
the safety and sanitary condition of the collieries.
Yours respectfully,
J. T. EVANS.
Causes of Accidents.
1
1
■V
a
o
to
o
Orphans.
Mine wagons,
3
5
4
1
6
4
7
0
Falls of. roof,
Falls of coal,
Falling down shafts,
1
Totals,
13
17
7
18
452 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Accidents.
The uumber oJt accidents iiave mcieased suniewiiat, vvliicli was
caused by Llie increased negligence on Llie pan ol me uniortunate
persons receiving the injuries, and a lack ol knowledge in a lew ol tlie
cases of Llie way to protect tneinselves. Ol tiie tnirteen fatal acci-
dents reported in the district, eight of them would never have oc-
curred il only a little care and common judgment had been exercised,
but in violation of the mine rules, they did that which caused then-
deaths while everything necessary was at hand to enable them to
protect themselves and prevent the accidents. 1 regret very much lo
have to comment on the actions of the unfortunate victims who mit
their death through their own carelessness. It is with great reluc-
tance that 1 do it, but it is only for the purpose of warning others
who may meet with the same fate, if they practice the same methods,
namely, trying to load a car before standing a prop when they know
there is danger hanging over their heads, or mining under a piece of
coal that should be spragged up, and a hundred other little careless
ii.cts that are done every day in the mines. It is a lamentable fact
that for the want of properly realizing the amount of unnecessary
risks that are being taken in our mines, that fully forty per cent, ol
the accidents occur. It is a large percentage to claim, but it is nt>
exaggeration of what has happened during the last three or four
years, and I only hope that all the mine foremen will urge their men
to practice more care in the future, and thus enable me to report an
improvement and a decreased accident list for 1895.
A remarkable fact in the accidents which proved fatal was that
six out of the thirteen were not thought to be even serious, but af-
terwards they proved fatal.
Summary.
Number of new mines opened during the year, 0
Number of mines abandoned, 1
Number of mines now in the district, 81
Number working and reported as producing coal, .... 71
Total coal production in net tons, 2,981,088
Total coal shipments in net tons, 2,(>45,080
Total production of coke, tons, 41,GG2
Average number of days worked for the year, 140
Number of men employed inside the mines, 6,401
Number of men employed outside the mines, 543
Total number employed, 6,944
Number employed per each fatal accident, 554
Number employed per each non-fatal accident, 408
Number of fatal accidents, 13
No. 11.
SIXTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
453
Number of non-fatal accidents,
Kegs of powder used,
17
17,970
The following table gives the quantity of coal mined in this district
during the last ten years, 1885 to 1894, inclusive; also shows the
amount of coal mined per each fatal and non-fatal accident and the
average number of persons emploj'ed for each fatal and non-fatal ac-
cident during that period, with the causes of accidents.
Total quantity of coal mined in net tons, 41,992,857
Total number of fatal accidents, 95
Total number of non-fatal accidents, 148
Number of tons mined per each fatal accident, 442,030
Number of tons mined per each non-fatal accident 283.735
Number of persons employed per each fatal accident.. . 809
Number of persons employed per each non-fatal acci-
dent 519
Accidents Occurred as Follows:
By falls of coal,
By falls of rock,
Mine wagons,
By machiuerj',
Killed by kick from mule,
By blast,
By hauling rope,
Burned by powder, . . . ,
Gas,
Totals,
Fatal.
Non-
fatal.
44
64
31
31
14
42
2
5
1
0
2
0
0
1
1
4
0
1
95
148
Summary' of Improvements in Mining.
In my report on each mine I have but briefly stated the condition
in which I found the drainage and ventilation, and now wish to make
some further remarks on the improvements in the methods in mir
ing, hauling, di'aining and of ventilating the mines, other than those
ie(iuired by the Mining Act, all of which add greatly to the genera',
safety and sanitary condition of the collieries.
There are at least four very important changes noticeable in the
manner of opening up and conducting the mines at the present time
that I wish to make favorable mention of, as all of them give the very
best results as to economy, safety or sanitary conditions. Time
and space will nof allow mo to make remarks on all flic l»ene-
454 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
ficial results of these cliauges, but I will mention one or two principal
ones. The first is haulage by machinery, the introduction of which
has greatly increased the safety of hauling. In proof of this I would
state that during the past three years, about 0,000,000 tons of coal
have been taken from the mines of this district by machinery and
prior to July 24, 1894, not a single accident had occurred in the mov
ing of this enormous quantity of material. The second is the drainage.
In all well opened and conducted mines I observed that special provi
sions were made for the drainage, and in place of running the water
along the main roads or in ditches cut beside them, the parallel or
main airway is utilized for drainage and ventilation, which is driven
on the lower side instead of the upper side, and tlie water naturally
Hows to that point, thereby leaving the hauling roads dry, and in ad-
dition to this, it improves the ventilation and gives an opportunity to
tliose in charge of the mine to split the air and carry a fresh current
to each section of w^ork without the necessity of having to make the
overcast large enough to carry the whole volume of air. Each over-
cast will require to be of only suflQcient size to carry the volume of
ail' for the one split by reason of the driving of this parallel heading
on the lower side of the main hauling road. This improvement is
made without, any additional expense for driving headings, and it
reduces the cost of hauling the coal out.
The third is the driving of wider headings for hauling coal over
(where the roof permits) as it lessens the risk for drivers, gives larger
areas for the air to travel through, keeps the road in better condi-
tion, and enables the drivers to do nearly double the work, thus re-
ducing the cost of hauling.
The fourth is possibly one of the greatest and most beneficial
changes that has been made in the manner of working mines in recent
years, as it contributes most to their economy and safety. It is in
pillar drawing, something that was not done at all many years ago,
therefore leaving as much as fifty per cent, of the coal in some of the
mines that could never be recovered. At others a smaller percentage
was left. That most extravagant system, I am glad to say. has en-
tirely been abandoned in our State, and a systematic plan of pillar
di'nwing substituted.
When pillar drawing was first inaugurated, after a room or stall
'\\as driven to its destination, the pillar would be left to stand for
several months, possibly years, before being drawn, whicli was a A'ory
dangerous and costly practice. Tostly on account of the coal losin^j
its gases, and dangerous because the props that were set to
keep the roof, or to give warning to the miner before a fall, had be
come rotten and consequently were of no service in protecting the
miner nor in irivintr w.'irninij: of apin'onchinT danirer. The present
method is to draw back the pillar immediately on the room reaching
No. 11. SIXTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 455
its destination. This gives good coal from the pillars and insures
good, solid timbers to protect the miner in his work and is a pre-
ventive of creeps as well.
As stated in the beginning of this article, these improvements are
S'.ome of the many that have been inaugurated, which were not com
pelled by law, but I claim that they are the results of the passage of
the mine laws which compelled conditions that required a little tech
nical knowledge of mining, which was sufhcient to create a desir'.-
for a more thorough knowledge on the subject. The result will be a
continued improvement in the methods of mining, which will eventu
ally reduce the dangers thereof to a minimum. Of course, accidents
will occur as long as mining is done through over-confidence, or the
neglect, possibly, of some individual. One of the particular dangers
of mining is that the lives of so many are in the hands of each indi
vidual workman, so that the mistake of one man may cause the
death of many, and this is why the discipline in the mines should be
more stringent as it w'ould greatly reduce the accident list.
Improvements requiring a large outlay of money have not been
\ery numerous during the past year, j-et a few have been made.
The Sterling Coal Company have put in an endless rope haulage at
their No. 12 plant, which has a capacity of handling from four to six
hundred tons per day. The same company at their No. 8 colliery had
a six-inch diameter hole drilled 204 feet deep through which they
now i»ump all their water from the mines by steam power. This
was done to replace pumps driven by compressed air. There
were also four fan§ put in during the year to replace furnaces, and
three new furnaces put in to replace smaller ones, and quite a num-
ber of other improvements, such as second openings, new hauling
roads, and self-acting planes, etc., showing a gradual but constant
improvement.
Condition of Mines.
The "Rolling Mill & Uautiei'" mines are the property of the Cam-
bria Iron Company. "Haws Shaft'' is owned by A. J. Haws & Son.
All of them are ventilated by fans and kept in the best of condition
as to drainage, ventilation and general safety. The first named
mine is one of the largest in the district, employing about three
hundred persons insid(\ nnd from twenty-five to thirty outside. Al-
though this is n gaseous mine, requiiing thi-ee fire bosses to look
aftei* it. y(^t the grentest source of danger that is encountered
here, is bnd roof running through or ncross the workings, and in
pinppR where the cover over tlie mine is from -t50 to .^.^0 feet thick.
\N ith the ordinarv svstem of driving rooms, I consider it verv danger
456 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
ous mining, but I believe that other methods of working can be adopt-
<'d in this case that would decrease the danger, and I have no doubt
thej will be put in operation in the future, as those in charge have a
desire to see their number of accidents as few as possible; and there-
fore will introduce some safer method of working in the part of the
mine that has the bad roof.
Conemaugh Mine. Is located two and a half miles east of Johns-
town. The drainage, ventilation and general safety of this mine is
excellent.
Mineral Point Mine is located about one mile east of Mineral Point.
Work has been very dull here during the past year, but they have
(lone a great deal of prospecting on the property to locate the Miller
or B seam of coal, which if found in its normal condition, will make
this a very valuable property.
South Fork Mines. The following collieries are located at this
point: Argyle, J. C. Stineman, Euclid. Aurora, Sumner No. 2 and
Webster No. 3.
The latter is one of the largest mines in the district, and one of
the best equipped. Everything connected Avith the mine is on the
most modern improved plan. They have two complete rope haul-
ages and two inclines in the mine, and the third is now b^ing made.
Two fans are in use for ventilatinjr. one 16 feet and the other IS
feet in diameter. The drainage, ventilation and general condition of
the mine are excellent.
Argyle is another mine which T find in excellent condition. Tt is
one of the best furnace ventilated mines in the district, and is von
tilated in sections by the erection of well built air bridges to sep
arate the currents,
J. C. Stineman colliery has in use an improved door for condurtiuir
the air in its proper courso through the mine, that T believe has no
equal, especially as a check door. Tt ought to be put in n proper
])lace, which would be on some level place on the heading, so that the
trip could pass through it at an ordinary rate of speed, as the dooi-
is opened by the mulo nnd opens either way and will not stand open.
l»ut is made to stand square across the heading, which is closed and
will stand a very heavy pressure of air before it will open. This is
flone by a little slot made in part of the hincre fastened to the frame
nf the door, and a little bevel in thnt part of the hince fastened to tho
door, so that when it is closed it lavs in the bottom of this slot. Tl i'^
a jrreat improvement over the canvas doors on account of theii' beinir
easily torn down and often throucrh ne£rlect not put up a"-nin.
This lonvos: the miner in his room without miv menns of r^ot
ting frf»sh nir, This door, if properly made, will last foi' years.
No. 11. SIXTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 457
and as stated before will alwajs be found closed. I therefore find
the ventilation of this mine well looked after and its general condi-
tion for safety good.
Sumner No. 2. A new fan, 12 feet in diameter, has been put up at
this mine during the past year, which has greatly improved its san-
itary condition.
Euclid and Aurora mines I find in a good, healthful and safe condi-
tion. These are not large collieries, but care is required by those in
charge of small as well as large collieries to keep their mines in good
shape. When this is neglected in any colliery, it very soon shows a
dilapidated condition of things.
Portage Mines. There are nine collieries on this branch, only four
of which worked regularly during the past year, the Puritan Shaft,
Continental, Lukins Slope and Excelsior.
The first named has run very steady, except during the big strike;
the other three have run fairly well. The other mines, Ebuval, An-
chor, Caldwell and Continental Nos. 2 and 3, have practically done
nothing since the strike. The sanitary condition of the mines that
have been running regularly is reasonably good. There is one thing
in particular needed in nearly every mine on this branch in their sys-
tem of mining, and that is to drive their headings wider, so as to give
room for ditches along the side of the roadways; not only would it
improve the mine, but it would be economy as well.
Each of these mines is ventilated by a fan and has adopted the split
system so as to give each section of men a fresh current of air direct
from the outside, pure and undiluted, except the Continental No, 1,
where the number of men as yet does not compel them to have but
one current, as they only employ about fifty or sixty persons, sixty-
five being the maximum allowed by law.
The other mines referred to have splits, some of them for each
group of twenty-five or thirty men, which is the proper system to ven-
tilate a mine for economy, as well as for the health of the men em-
ployed.
Bens Creek Mines. Five mines are worked on this branch, namely,
Sonraan Shaft, Sonman No. 2, Dysert No. 2, Mentzer and Columbia
Mine.
The two first named have fans and the shaft is well ventilated and
drained, and is in good condition. The Sonman No. 2 has been
greatly improved during the past year, and I fully expect in my next
report to make very favorable mention of the condition of this mine,
as a great effort is being made to get it into good condition, it being
a very old mine and difficult to put in good order.
Columbia Mine is ventilated by a furnace and on my last examina
15
458 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
tion I measured 14,500 cubic feet of air per minute passing into this
mine, which was well distributed Uirough the workings.
The Mentzer and Dysert mines I very seldom find in a satisfactory
condition, as they are for the greater part of th6 year dependent on
natural ventilation, as a great difference of elevation exists between
the two mines. It is a favorable condilion for this mode of ventila-
tion, but too much dependence cannot be placed in it, even in the
most favorable seasons of the year, summer and winter. The weather
is so changeable that under the most favorable circumstances that
exist at these mines natural ventilation is a miserable failure.
The Dysert No. 2 people have decided to put in a six-foot Stine fan.
At the Mentzer mine they will either be required to put in a fan or
well built furnace in the spring.
Dunlo Mines. There are three collieries on this branch, two shafts
and a drift mine. The latter is mining on the E or Lemon seam, and
the shafts on the B or Miller seam.
Henrietta shaft is the property of the Henrietta Coal Company.
Dunlo shaft belongs to the Berwind-White Coal Company.
The latter mine is ventilated by a IB-foot Guibal fan, which has a
capacity of double that required for the mine at present, but they
intend to increase the capacity of this colliery to 800 or 3,000
tons per day, when more air will be required to keep it in good
sanitary condition, hence the propriety of putting in a large fan. As
yet the Henrietta people have nothing but exhaust steam from
pumps to ventilate their mine with, which is inadequate for the work.
A fan is promised for this shaft as soon as a little dispute in refer-
ence to the coal territory is settled, which will enable them to select
the proper location for the same.
Dunlo mine is a drift opening and veulilated by furnace, and when
examined last was found inadequate to the work it had to perform.
The drainage is also good and the general condition of the mine first
class.
Lilly Mines. There are four mines op'^'ated on this branch. Lilly
Slope, Standard, Sonman No. 2 and Bear Rock.
The first two are ventilated by fans and on each of my examina
tions I have found them in good sanitary condition.
The Sonman No. 2 I cannot say the same of, but rather the reverse,
as they are endeavoring to ventilate it by a furnace, which is not ade-
quate to the work. A fan has been purchased that is to be erected
in this mine, but a new openinir is reqnired to enable them, even with
the fan, to properly air this colliery. When these improvements are
No. 11. SIXTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 459
completed and the fan started, I have no doubt but they will then be
able to keep the workings in a condition fit for men to labor in.
The Bear Rock Colliery I found on my last examination to be in a
very fair condition as regards drainage and ventilation. A furnace
is the only means in use for ventilating, but as th;.- mine is compara-
tively new, it does the work fairly well so far. Quantity of air meas-
ured on last examination was 11,000 cubic fcn^^t per minute. Number
of men employed, 85.
Cresson Shaft is located at Cresson. The drainage and ventilation
here are in a very fair condition, but they have not worked very ex-
tensively during the past year. This is a first class hoisting plant,
with all modern improvements, including a self-dumping cage.
Gallitzin Shaft and Gallitzin Slope are both located at Gallitzin on
the summit of the mountain. The latter is operated by J. L.
Mitchell, of Tyrone. The drainage, ventilation and haulage of this
mine are in excellent condition. The shaft has not been working very
steadily during the past year. Ventilation is fair at this colliery.
Dean No. 4 and No. 5 are located on the Cresson and Coalport Rail-
road at Frugality. The former is ventilated by fan and the latter by
furnace, both of which are kept in good condition as regards ventila-
tion, but there is quite a difficulty in keeping the drainage of these
mines up to the standard, on account of the overlaying strata being
so open, which admits the water in wet weather from the surface,
which flows through and out of the mines over the hauling roads, as
it is more than the ordinary ditches of a mine can hold. This trouble
is only encountered in w^et seasons of the year. In all other respects
they are kept in good sanitary condition.
Patton mine is located near Coalport, also on the Cresson and Coal-
port Railroad. The ventilation and drainage are in fair condition. A
now furnace has been erected here recently, which will no doubt im-
prove Ihe ventilation. Considerable trouble has been experienced
in this mine by a dislocation in the strata which causes great incon-
venience to those operating the mine, especially in the haulage.
NotwiHistanding this trouble, they have kept the sanitary condition
of the mine up to the standard.
Oakland No. 2 is located at Coalport and operated by Samuel Ha-
gerty. This colliery has been idle for the last two months; in fact,
has worked very little during the past year, having mined only about
4,000 tons. Condition of mine as to ventilation when examined
last was a little defective, having just started up after the strike.
Patton Mines. There are six mines located at this point, namely,
460 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Pattoa^AslK'ioft. Columbian, New Pardee, Flanigan Run, and Moshan-
non. To describe each of these mines would only be a repetition, as
all are worked on the same seam of coal and nearly by the same sys-
tem of mining, but I wish to state thai the New Pardee mine is some-
what in advance of the others, particularly in ventilation, having re-
cently put in a twelve-foot fan, which has a capacity of 40,000 cubic
feet of air per minute. This enables those in charge to keep the
mine in the best sanitary condition. This, I am sorry to say, cannot
be said of all the mines where small furnaces are used.
The Ashcroft and Columbian mines have enlarged their furnaces
during the past year, but I think it would have been much better to
have put in a fan at each.
The Pat ton luiuo has a furniice (Miiial in capacity to the work it has
to perform.
Flanigan Run mine has no proper means of ventilation and they will
either have to enlarge their shaft and furnace, or put in a fan in the
earl}' spring to enable them to properly ventilate the mine.
The Moshannon mine is fairly well ventilated, but is poorly
drained, no provisions having been made for ditches to carry away
the water made in the mine; consequeuth', in many places it is left
to run in the middle of the hauling roads, which is bad and expensive
mining in the long run. Since I examined this mine last they report
much improvement in the drainage.
Hastings Mines. There are five mines located at this point, namely,
Sterling No. 8 and No. 9, Benton No. 1, Oakland and Hastings. The
last named mine is well ventilated and drained. It is opened by two
drifts about one hundred yards apart, and at a point about two hun-
dred feet from the drift mouth, a shaft has been sunk, and from that
point an airway is driven between the two main headings, which
gives two main currents of air for the mine, and from each main cur-
rent, additional splits can be made at a small cost and carried direct
to the main return airway at will. This is opening up a mine with
some provisions for its future, which, I am sorry to say, is sadly neg-
h cted in a majority of the mines, thus causing an unusual expense
after a few years' work, to keep and maintain good hauling roads,
ventilation, etc.
The Oakland mine is also well ventilnted nnd drained and in good,
safe condition.
Benton No. 1 is another mine that I find in first class condition in
drainage, ventilation and general safety.
No. 11. SIXTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 461
Sterling No. 8 and No. 9. These collieries are working to the dip
of the coal seam, and are connected. Being large mines, a fan and
furnace are used to ventilate them, No. 8 being very much improved
during the past year in every respect, drainage, ventilation and haul-
ing. A fan was put in here during 1893 to replace a furnace, and it
is doing excellent work, but a 12-foot fan can not do the work of i
20-foot fan, which should be placed in a mine of this capacity. Ar-
rangements are now being made to sink a shaft at the face of the
workings, which will enable the machinery now in use for ventilat-
ing to double its capacity as it will shorten the travel of the air one-
half. No. 9 on my last examination was having its mining system
entirely changed from that of pillar and room to "long wall" work,
consequently the ventilating system was somewhat broken up. I ex-
pect, when the new system is well established, that it will very much
improve the ventilation, and will I hope be an improvement in the
system of mining a small seam such as they have here.
Barnesboro Mines. There are located at or near this place five
mines now working, and three more about to be started up, Cymbria,
Delta, Lancashire No. 3 and No. 4, and Sterling No. 11. I am
pleased to state that all of these mines are in good condition as re-
gards ventilation, drainage and general safety, and they can only be
improved by putting up fans for ventilating, as each now has a good
furnace well looked after by competent persons, but is an expensive
♦£iode of ventilating shallow mines.
The Spangler mines are four in number. Benton No. 2, Spangier,
Lancashire No. 5 and Sterling No. 12. All of them have well built
furnaces by which they produce ventilation for the mines, which are
properly attended to. This cannot be said of all mines that produce
ventilation by means of furnaces, as they are sadly neglected in some
mines, the result of which is defective ventilation.
Elmora mine is located near Carrolltown and is working on the B
seam of coal and operated by the Elmora Coal Company. The ven-
tilation and drainage of this mine, when last examined, were found in
fairly good condition, but could be improved by putting in a fan, as
the furnace is not in a favorable position, especially in the summer
time, as there is quite a difference in producing ventilation with a
furnace, between summer and winter, so much so that very few of the
mines ventilated by furnaces have any surplus air in summer time.
Somerset County Mines.
These are all located on the Cambria & Somerset branch of the Bal-
timore and Ohio Railroad. The Krebbs, Hooversville and Bethel
mines.
462 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
The first named is about two miles nortli of Somerset Towu and is
working tlie C bed of coal. There are only about fifty-five men em-
ployed at present, but the mine has a capacity for employing one hun-
dred and fifty to two hundred men if the trade were better. The
ventilation ajid drainage is good, and the general condition of the
mine is excellent.
The Oakland mine, when examined last was not in very good condi-
1 ion. but they were then making some improvements in the ventila-
tion by putting in a new shaft and furnace, as the mine liad never
been in condition for working many men prior to this party taking-
hold of it. I expect to find it much improved on my next examina-
tion. It is now idle and has been so for several months.
Bethel mine is located at Holsopple and supplies coal for the loco-
motives of this division of the railroad; also ships coal to market.
The ventilation, drainage and genei'al condition of this mine are
good.
Vintondale Mine. This is a new operation located on the Black
Li(;k branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad about eight miles below
Ebensburg. All mining is done here by machinery, electric power is
being used, and as stated the plant is new and not developed yet.
The intention is to do all the mining by iron miners driven by elec-
tricity. All the tipple work is done by machinery driven by electric
power, and the haulage will eventually be done by the same power.
Ingleside Mine. This jilant is not doing a great deal now, as it was
the source of supi)ly for the .lolinson & Moxham Mills, and since they
have removed their rolling mills to Lorain, Ohio, they require very
little coal now% and do not ship any to market. The mine wiien ex-
amined last, was found to be in good condition as to drainage and
ventilation.
No. 11.
SIXTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
463
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SIXTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
469
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Official Document, No. 11.
SEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT,
(ALLEGHENY, WASHIISGTON AMD HEAVEK COUNT1E8.)
Idlewood, Maich 24, 1895.
Hon. Isaac B. Biovvn, Secretary of Internal Affairs:
Sir: In compliance with the Act of Assembly approved May 15,
1893, 1 have the honor of presenting to you my report of the inspec-
tion of coal mines in the Seventh Bituminous District, for the year
ending December 31, 1894.
1 am pleased to state that under the beneficent infiuence of the
act of 1893 the sanitary condition of the mines is being raised to a
higher degree of perfection both as regards ventilation and other
matters pertaining to the health and safety of the employes. And t
may venture to assert without fear of contradiction, that the condi-
tion of the greater number of our mines, considered from a sanitary
point of view, is far in advance of what they were a few years
past. In some few cases where it had been the custom to move
along in a kind of "'go as you please" style, the stringent but wise
I>rovisions of the above act were only accepted and complied with
after much urging, and then very reluctantly, and very probably, in
some few cases, it will require constant pressure from without to pre-
vent a relaxation or turning back to the old make-shift methods and
loose discipline of the past.
Nine persons lost their lives in and about the mines during the
year, as against twenty-one for the previous year. This is a very low
death rate for this section when we take into consideration the dan-
gerous nature of the slate immediately overlying the coal bed in
nearly all the mines in this district, and also from the fact that a
very large proportion of the persons employed in our mines are noi
practical miners. This large decrease in the list of fatal accidents
is probably due in a large measure to the wise provisions embodied
ill article V of the present mining law, which require that in all
mines wherein explosive gas has been discovered, "every working
place, without exception, shall be examined immediately before the
men enter to their work." A number of instances have been brought
to my notice where the person making these periodical examinations
have discovered extremely diuigorous condilioiis in the working
places from loose roof and slate, and have notified the mine foreman
476 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
of the nature and location of the danger, who, in turn, proceeded im-
mediately to the point indicated and caused the dangers to be re-
moved, or proper safeguards made use of for protection, which had
it not been discovered and attended to at once in the manner above
described, would undoubtedly in some cases have resulted in loss of
life.
The number of non-fatal injuries during the year was forty-seven,
or an increase of three over those of the previous year.
Of the nine persons killed, it would appear that the loss of three
lives was purely accidental and four men lust their lives for want of
the exercise of proper care on their own part. One life was lost be-
cause the person killed had not the least idea of any of the dangers
surrounding the miners* occupation and knew not what to do in order
to protect himself, while one fatality occurred by reason of the fact
that the safety applimces on top of the shaft were not kept in repair
and in good working order, as required by law; or, in other words,
the accident was in the main due to a violation of law on the
part of the mine ofticials.
The above fatalities have deprived five wives and twenty-five chil-
dren of husbands and fathers. Three of the widows and seven of the
orphans are residents of foreign countries.
The total production of coal for the year is 190,591 tons less than
that of last year. This small decrease in the production is much less
than was anticipated in view of the general depression in business,
and of the fact that operations at nearly all of the mines were sus-
pended for about two months in the early part of the shipping sea-
son. The supension was caused through a dispute between the oper-
ators and the miners about the price of mining.
The total number of people employed in the district is about 446
more than were employed last year.
The market value of the product and the wages of the miners at the
present time are far too low. Fair profit on invested capital is out of
the question, and in most cases those of the miners who are Amer-
ican citizens are unable to purchase a sufficiency of the ordinary nec-
ess^aries of life, and in many cases extreme destitution prevails
among them and so long as the labor market continues to be over-
ci'owded, as at present, with unskilled foreign labor, we do not antici-
piite much improvement in the miner's condition for some time to
come.
A descri])tion of (he cause of each fatality and of the general condi-
tion, and improvements made in the various mines of the district,
together with the statistical tables and other necessary information
will be fonud in Ihcir proper places in tliis i'('])ort.
Yours respectfully,
JAMES BLICK.
No. 11.
SEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
477
Total production run of mine coal in tons of 2,000
pounds
Total production in tons of coke,
Number of mines in district,
Number of employes inside,
Number of employes outside,
Total number of employes,
Number of persons killed in and about the mines,
Number of non-fatal injuries,
Number of wives made widows by above fatalities,. . . .
Number of orphans from same cause,
Number of tons of coal produced per life lost,
Number of tons of coal produced per person injured,. .
Number of persons employed per life lost,
Number of persons employed per nonfatal injury
Number of horses and mules in use .'
Number of steam boilers in use
Cause of Accidents.
4,238,825
6,000
72
9,115
729
9,844
9
47
5
25
470,981
00,188
1,094
209
588
121
By falls of coal, roof and slate,
By explosion of gas,
By mine wagons,
By miscellaneous causes, . . .
Totals,
34
3
7
3
47
22
3
25
Description and General Condition of the Mines in the Seventh Dis-
trict During the Year 1894.
Mines on and Near the Monongahela River.
Bellwood. Is in very favorable condition. On each inspection
made during the year the workings were found to be well ventilated,
and the health and safety of the omyjloyes appear to be well cared
for. Quite a large quantity of black damp is given off from the old
workings during the summer season, which requires a brisk and con-
stant air current to prevent an accumulation of this noxious gas.
Quantity of air in circulation, when last measured, 36,960 feet per
minute.
478 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Calhoun. Is a small operation, employing during the winter season
about eighteen men. Ventilation is produced by a small furnace
which was passing 10,200 feet of air per minute when last measured.
Condition of mine is favorable. The product is sold in the town of
Homestead, principally for domestic use.
Knoxville. Is also a small operation. Frequently there is not more
than nine men employed, except for a few weeks in the winter sea-
son. They have a small ventilating furnace which will give suffi-
cient air current if properly attended to.
Streets Kun. On my last visit to this mine the inside conditions
were only reasonably good. The quantity of air passing at the fur-
nace was 13,600 feet per minute. This volume of air is ample for all
purposes if properly distributed, but I found that most of this
air current was passing directly from one of the inlets to the furnace,
and was of no benefit to the working parts of the mine. Probably
the mine foreman was not directly to blame for this state of affairs,
for upon investigation I found that some laborers working upon the
street car line in the near vicinity, had thrown open one of the pit
mouths which the mine foreman had partially closed up, and he had
not detected this until the date of my examination of the mine.
Hays Street Kun Nos. 2 and 3. and the Beck's Eun mines have been
ic"le throughout the year, but there is some prospect of operations
being resumed in the near future.
First Pool. This mine is now in first class condition. A 25-foor
Vulcan fan has been provided to produce the ventilation; this fan is
giving good results. Volume of air passing, when last measured,
103,000 feet per minute; speed of fan, 50 revolutions; water
gauge one inch. The Harrison type of mining machines have been in-
troduced into the mine during the past year, and they appear to be
working very successfully. Fire damp is generated in different parts
of the mine, but there is a good, sweeping air current passing through
all sections of the workings, which carries away all noxious gases
as fast as generated, and it may be said that the health and safety of
the employes is pre-eminently considered in the general management
of the mine.
Walton. At the time of my last visit the general conditions were
favorable, excepting that the distribution of the air current through
the workings needed some little improvement. Some parts of
the workings were receiving more air than was needed, while other
parts were rather inadequately supplied. Quantity of air passing in
the return air-wav 4S.000 feet per minute.
Ormsby. They have built a furnace which has improved the ventil-
ation, and the general condition of the mine is satisfactory. Fire
damp is sometimes generated very freely in the advanced parts of the
workings, which requires constant care and a brisk air current in
No. 11. SEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 479
order to keep on the safe side. Quantity of air in circulation when
lasc measured, 31,700 feet per minute. Number of persons employed
inside, 119.
Castle Shannon. Is in a fairly good condition. Quantity of air
piissing at the outlet, 23,000 feet per minute, the same being fairly
well distributed to the working parts of the mine. The only defect
noticed was that some of the room pillars were not cut through for
ventilation at the proper distances.
Mines on the Little Saw Mill Run Railroad.
Enterprise. Was on each visit found in good condition. In one section
of the mine they are mining out a large number of old pillars which
were overlooked or left standing in position several years ago. In this
section, large volumes of black damp are generated, and considerable
difficulty has been experienced in propelling a sufficient volume of air
current to the face of workings to keep them in a healthful condi-
tion; but generally speaking, fairly good results have been obtained.
Quantity of air passing at the outlet 93,000 feet per minute, well dis-
tributed through the different sections of the workings.
Venture. After much urging a 20-foot Vulcan fan has been provid-
ed to produce ventilation, and since this fan has been in operation,
the mine has been found in fairly good condition. Quantity of air
passing at the outlet 40,000 feet per minute. This quantity can be
increased to about G0,000 feet per minute if found to be necessary.
Fox. Is in much better condition than formerly. They have pro-
vided a ten-foot fan which was passing 17.000 feet of air per minute
when last measured. This volume of air is ample for present re-
quirements if properly conducted to the working places, but the air-
ways and inside arrangements in general are rather crude and in-
sufficient.
Mines on the Pan Handle Railroad.
Idlewood. Is in somewhat better condition than formerly. The
air is conducted forward to face of mine much better than in the
past. Drainage is not very good and the roadways in some places are
wet and muddy. Quantity of air passing at the outlet 14,000 feet
per minute.
Grant. They have built a new stack on the top of furnace shaft
which has had the effect of adding power to the furnace, and increas-
ing the volume of air in circulation through the workings. General
condition of the mine is reasonably good. Quantity of air passing
at outlet, when last measured, 16,.500 feet per minute.
Fort Pitt. Has been in operation only a few weeks during the year.
When last visited the general condition inside was favorable. Quan
480 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
lity of air in circulation 11,000 feet per minute. The mine is not in
operation at the present time, and 1 understand that it is abandoned
for the time being.
Champion. The inside conditions of this mine are reasonably good.
They have opened a new pit-mouth into a separate coalfield of small
extent, and are now driving entries and mining considerable coal
therefrom. A small furnace has been erected to ventilate this terri
tory apart from the main workings. This furnace was producing
7.400 feet of air per minute, and the other furnace in the Old section
of workings was producing 17,200 feet per minute when last mea
sured.
Nickel Plate. On my first visit the ventilation was inadequate.
The cause of this defect was on account of the new ventilating fur-
nace not being properly completed. I directed that certain changes
be made in its construction, which were made at once, and which
proved to be very beneficial, nearly doubling the volume of air in cir-
culation. At the time of my last visit the mine was not in operation,
but the general inside conditions were favorable. Quantity of air
passing, 30,000 feet per minute.
The territory being developed by this mine is perforated in all di-
rections with oil wells and requires careful engineering to keep clear
of them. Sometimes oil is found penetrating through the coal strata
into the mine, but not to the same extent as formerly, and it may be
said that all of the territory surrounding the mines in this vicinit.v
is in the same condition as at this one.
Ulack Diamond. This is only a small operation, employing about
GO miners. The inside conditions are reasonably good. Quantity of
air moving through the workings when last measured, 6,600 feet per
minute.
Midway. During the early part of the year the ventilation was far
l.'elow the requirements, but they have since provided a twelve-foot
fan and the condition of (he mine is now satisfactory in all respects.
Quantity of air in circulation when last measured, 28,600 feet per
minute.
Piimrose. Is in favorable condition. They have, during the year,
made a separate traveling way running parallel with the main tunnel,
sr- that it is no longer necessary for the men to use the dilly road in
pr.ssing to and from their work. Quantity of air passing at the out-
let, when last measured, 32,000 feet per minute, the same being pretty
well distiibntod to the working j)arts of tlie mine in several air splits,
by means of air bridges which ar being placed where necessary.
Jumbo. Is not in as good condition as it should be. The quantity
of air passing at the outlet wlion last mensui'erl was r)."),000 feet per
minute. Tliis volume would be nearly sufficient for all purposes if
properly distribute, but the inside arrangements for ventilation are
No. 11. SEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 481
not up to the requirements. iSome parts of the workings are well
b applied with air, while other parts do not receive a sufficient sup-
ply. This defect could be easily remedied by a judicious system of
air-splits, and by erecting permanent air-tight stoppings between
main intake and return airways to prevent leakage. They have a
main intake air shaft near the face of the workings, and Avith skillful
management all j)arts of the mine could be well ventilated and the
total amount of air in circulation materially increased. At the pres-
ent time I understand that improvements in the line above suggested
are under way.
Brier Hill. The general condition of this mine is satisfactory.
They have made a new dilly road through the main body of the work-
ings which intersected the airways at several points, causing a slight
disarrangement of the ventilation for the time being, but this will
be overcome in the near future, and the dilly road will be used as a
main inlet to carry the air forward to face of mine. Quantity of air
passing when last measured, 52,800 feet per minute.
Laurel Hill Mines Nos. 1, 2 and 4. Considerable improvement has
been made at the No. 1 mine during the year. They are at the ijres
ent time making a traveling and air way from the main pit-mouth
into the body of the mine, running parallel to the main hauling road.
When this is completed it will make a decided improvement in the
ventilation, and the men will have a traveling road to and from their
work independent of the main dilly road. They have also provided
a twenty-foot Vulcan fan, which is capable of producing upwards of
60,000 feet of air per minute. Before this fan was provided the ven-
tilation was below the requirements.
The No. 2 mine has not been run to its full capacity for more than
about two months during the year. At the present time they are
only driving entries and making general repairs. A new twenty-foot
Vulcan fan has also been provided at this mine which will, under
present conditions, produce about 70,000 feet of air per minute, so
that the mine is well supplied with fresh air; but other conditions
are not by any means satisfactory. Very little skill has been dis-
played b}' the management hitherto, but the mine has not been in
operation long and there is a large field of coal yet undeveloped, and
with permanent skillful management in the future, past mistakes
may be rectified to a great extent.
The inside conditions of No. 4 mine are not of the best. The quan-
tity of air passing at the inlet when last measured was 75,600 feet
per minute. (This air is produced by a twenty-five-foot Brazil fan.)
But one section of the workings was not receiving a sufficient volume
<»f air-current. This defect was due to a large portion of the air hav-
ing leaked through the old workings into the return airway, instead
of passing into the working parts of the mine, but they were making
31-11-94
482 REPORTS OP THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
arrangements to build a new main overcast over tlie main liaulin^
road to change the direction of the air current. This would enable
ihem to conduct the air from the inlet to the face of mine, and would
remove the above defect in the ventilation, I notice that manholes
were needed on the main hauling and traveling way, which I told
them to make at once.
From the above description it will be noticed that each mine is
provided with good ventilating machines, and if the mines are not
properly ventilated the blame will rest with the inside management.
The great lack hitherto has been the want of permanent skillful man-
agement w hich should be vested in the hands of a qualified general
manager, one who is well versed in the practical science of mining,
Av'ithout which a property of this extent cannot be operated to good
advantage.
Willow Grove. Has only been in operation about four months dur-
ing the year. When last visited the conditions were reasonably
good. Quantity of air at outlet, 3G,000 feet per minute.
Star. Is in rather poor condition. Only about thirty men are em-
ployed taking out pillars, and from present indications the mine will
be abandoned in the near future. Quantity of air passing in return
airway, 5,000 feet per minute.
Pine Ridge. Is a new mine opened during the present year. The
workings are not sufficiently advanced for a general description; only
a few men are employed driving entries.
National. Is in a reasonably good condition. Quantity of air pass-
ing, 1G,900 feet per minute. On my last visit I found that the trav-
eling way was not in gODd condition and the men were using the
dilly road to travel to and from their work. I ordered them to clear
up and drain the traveling w^ay so that the men could use it, and also
told them to make man-holes on the hauling roads where the men
have to travel. They are advancing tow^ard old workings containing
a large body of water and I mstructed the mine foreman not to ap-
proach too near the line of the old works until he w^as ready to tap
and drain off the water, which will be some time in the future after
they have driven to the outcrop for a natural water way. I also can
tioned him to use the drill for protection where necessary.
Oak Kidge. The conditions of this mine are considerably improved
since last repoit. They have enlarged the old airway near to the fur-
nace and made new connection near face of mine, so that all the air
produced by the furnace can now be conducted to the face of the
workings. Quantity of air passing when last measured 14,600 feet
])er minute.
Koyd. Is in fairly good order. Volume <»f air passing in return
air way when last measured, 20,000 feet per minute, being reasonably
well distributed to the working parts of the mine.
No. 11. SEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 483
Mansfield and Erie. Is in somewhat better condition than formerly',
but very great improvement is still necessary before the conditions
vi'ill satisfy legal requirements. A more powerful ventilating appa-
ratus is needed, which the operators have promised to supply, but it
takes them a long time to fulfill their promises; however, the matter
is becoming urgent and will have to be atended to unless the number
of employes is reduced.
On my last visit I noticed that the oscapeway leading from the
mine to the outside was not in good condition, and several other de-
tails in the management were not properly attended to. Quantity of
air passing when last measured, 8,190 feet per minute. *
Mines on the Chartiers Valley Railroad.
Mansfield No. 2. The workings of this mine are very extensive and
it requires close and constant daily attention to keep all parts of the
\N orkings in good order, but on each examination I have found the
general conditions very favorable. Quantity of air in circulation
when last measured, 70,000 feet per minute.
Nixon. The condition of this mine is also fairly good, so far as it
can be made. In one part of the mine the roof is exceedingly soft,
and mining the coal with safety- to the employes is a difficult opera-
tion, requiring very close attention on the part of the miner and mine
officials. However, the new territory now being developed) is out of
tlie danger and in safe, solid ground. All parts of the work-
ings are reasonably well ventilated. Quantity of air passing when
last measured, 40,000 feet per minute.
Leasdale. Most of the coal contained within the boundary lines
of this mine is now worked out and they are now working into a
field of coal formerlj^ owned by the operator of the Nixon mine. In
order to reach this coal field it was necessary to open a new road-way
through part of the old workings of the above mine, which took con-
siderable time and expense to accomplish. The old part of the mine
is well supplied with air, but the new workings where the ventilation
is produced by the ventilator of the Nixon mine, is short of the r<^
quired amount of air current, and it will be necessary for them to
sink a shaft and erect a furnace for the proper ventilation of this part
of the mine. Quantity of air passing in the new workings, 4,800 feet
per minute; number of men employed, about 20.
Summer Hill. Is in fair condition. Quantity of air in cir-
culation, 37,000 feet per minute, but the mode of distributing this air
is not the best. In fact, there is some difficulty experienced in
trying to give each section of the mine a fair share of air supply
when the power of the ventilator is inadequate to the requirements,
and when the main inlet is located at a point remote from the work-
ings; both of which conditions exist in this mine. It is the intention
484 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
l'.> sink a shaft at the face of the workings foi' an inlet of the air-cui-
rent, and if this will not suffice, then a moi-e powerful fan will be
provided. I must say in justice to the operator and manager, that
ihej are at all times anxious to do all that is necessary to keep the
mine in a safe, healthful condition.
Bower Hill. The general conditions of this mine are favorable, but
on my last examination I notice that the road leading to the second
outlet was not in good condition, but they are now driving Lo the out-
crop for a new escapeway at the face of the mine. Quantity of air
iu circulation, 24,000 feet per minute.
Bridgeville. The ventilation in this mine during the past summer
has been far below the requirements, but they are now erecting a
16-foot Vulcan fan. When this fan is set in motion the mine will be
well supplied with fresh air for many years to come. Quantity of air
passing near face of entries, when last measured, 4,500 feet per
minute. The mine has run very irregularly the greater part of the
year.
Hasting's Slope. They have sunk a shaft about eighty feet deep at
the face of the mine. This shaft will be used as an inlet for the air
current. Stairs will also be put in one compartment for an escape-
way for the mine. Quantity of air passing, when last measured,
11,000 feet per minute, but the time is not very far distant when a
more powerful ventilation will be required.
Boon. Is in reasonably good order. Air in circulation, when last
measured, 18,000 feet per minute.
Allison. Is in very fair condition. All parts of tJie workings are
supplied with plenty of fresh air, and I have not found it necessary
to make any complaints about the condition of the mine during the
year. Quantity of air passing, 16,560 feet per minute.
Enterprise. During the earlier part of the year, the air current
prissing through the face of the workings was inadequate, but on my
last visit I found that matters were much improved and the ventila-
tion in general was fully up to the requirements. Parts of the mine
are very wet, and there can be no relief from this defect until they
tap and drain away the water from the old mine adjoining, which was
abandoned and allowed to fill with water a number of years ago.
Quantity of air passing, 10,500 feet per minute.
Northwestern. They have lately driven a new slope for a traveling
way into and from the mine. Taking all things into consideration,
the condition of the mine at the present time is favorable. Quantity
of air passing through the worjcings, 15,500 feet per minute.
Morgan. At the time of my last visit the workings on the south
side of mine were short of air-current, but other parts of the mine
were in reasonably good condition. Quantity of air passing at the
outlet .32,250 feet per minute.
No. n. SEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 485
Standard. When last visited was found in a very favorable con-
dition, excepting in one pair of entries where the ventilation was
not up to the requirements. This defect was due to the slow
speed at which the fan was being driven at this time. Quantity
of air passing, 29,800 feet per minute. The capacity of the fan, if
driven at an average speed, is about 50,000 feet per minute.
Creedmore. The general conditions are favorable, but the details
in the inside management could be and should be improved. For
instance, there should be several air bridges erected so as to dis-
pense with several doors now found on the main face entries, the use
of which is detrimental to a constant flow of air-current to the face
of the mine. This difficulty would in a great measure be overcome
by providing the air bridges. This mine is opened into a large,
valuable coal property, and the general lay and conditions of the coal
field are very favorable for first class ventilation, and with ordinary
skillful management in opening out and developing the property, ail
ventilating doors could have been dispensed with. Quantity of air in
circulation, when the fan is run at an average speed, 48,000 feet per
minute.
Kidgeway Bishop. Is in fairly good order. Quantity of air passing
at the inlet, when last measured, 37,800 feet per minute, being fairly
well distributed to the different sections of workings. Drainage is
also reasonably well provided for.
Mines on the P. C. & Y. Railroad.
Pan Handle. Several overcasts have been built during the year to
distribute the air current on the split S3'Stem, but at the time of my
last visit I observed that the air current was not moving with suffi-
cient velocity to keep the workings in a healthful condition. This
defect was due to the neglect of the fan engineer in not running the
fan to the proper speed. I ordered them to run the fan up to a safe
average speed, after which I measured 34,800 feet of air per minute
passing at the outlets. If this volume of air is maintained and proj)-
erly distributed, it is quite sufficient for present needs.
Essen. A 20-foot Guibal fan has been provided and is now in opera-
tion, so that he former defect in the ventilation has been removed,
and all parts of the mine are now well supplied with plenty of fresh
air. Other conditions are also favorable. Quantity of air passing
when last measured, 03,000 feet per minute.
Beadling. The condition of this mine during the past year was not
satisfactory, but they have now provided a 25-foot Vulcan fan to pro-
duce the ventilation. This fan is one of the best in the district, and
the foundations and general mode of its construction and erection
ere very substantial. Quantity of air passing at the face of mine
486 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
since the Ian lias been set in motion is about •10,000 cubic feet per
minute. Tlieie sliould be two aii-bridges piovided so as to give each
secti(.'n of workings a propoiliouate sliaie of fresh air, and the air-
ways near the sliaft sliould be enhirged. When these improvem-.'nts
aie completed there need be no further complaint about a lack of
ventilation, for the fan will produce upwards of 100,000 cubic feet of
ail- per niiuule if necessary. At the present time they are erecting a
mining plant, and in the near future the coal will be undermined
with machines of the Harrison type, driven by compressed air.
Essen Nos. '2 and 3. The small six-foot Champion fan formerly in use
at Essen No. 1 mine has been removed to the No. 2 mine, but its
power is too limited to be of any permanent benefit. At the last
measurement it was producing 15,000 feet of air per minute and the
general condition of the mine was favorable.
The condition of the No. 3 mine has been considerably improved
since my last report, but the ventilation is still below the require-
ments. They are now driving an entry to intersect a point at the face
of the mine where a shaft will be sunk, to be used as an inlet for air.
When this is done it will cause a great improvement in the ventila-
tion, especially in the summer season when it will be most needed.
Quantity of air passing when last measured, 27,000 feet per minute.
Pittsburgh Fuel No. 2. At this mine they have a habit of turning
rooms in advance of the air current. On one of my visits to the mine
I found ten rooms in a-dvance of the air way in one of the entries,
and twelve men working them in an atmosphere that would quickly
destroy the strongest constitution, and as I had previously ordered a
number of men out of the mine who were working under the same
conditions and also cautioned the manager not to repeat the offense,
and seeing that my previous caution had been ignored, I considered
it my duty to institute legal proceedings against the inside manager
to compel him to comply with the requirements of the mining law,
and to give proper attention to the health and safety of the employes
under his charge. At the time of my last visit to the mine (after in-
stituting the above legal proceedings) I observed that the conditions
were much improved and that ventilation was then being disli-ibuted
reasonably well tlirough the working parts of the mine. (Quantity
of air passing at the outlet 19,000 feet per minute.
O. I. C. This mine, when last inspected, was found in reasonably
good condition. Quantity of air passing at the outlet, 1.5,000 feet per
minute, fairly well distributed to the face of the workings.
Federal. Ts in favorable condition. Quantity of air ])assing when
last measured. 40.000 fes't per minute. This volume of air is ample
for all purposes if properly distributed.
Federal Spring. At the time of my last visit I observed that some
No. 11. SEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 487
parts of the mine were uoL well supplied with veiitilation, while lu
other parts there was more air passiug thau was uecessary, 1 sug-
gested to the manager that he give more attention to the distribution
of the air current so that all parts of the workings might be supplied
with plenty of fresh air. (Quantity of air passing at the outlet 17,500
feet per minute.
Ueachmount. Is not in the best of condition. The roadways are
wet and muddy, and parts of the mine are not well supplied with ven-
tilation. The workings are so much cut up and intersected, that it
is a diflicult matter to conduct the air-current forward to the face of
some of the entries in sulhcient quantities to maintain a pure, health-
ful atmosphere. Quantity of air passing at the outlet when last
measured, 15,000 feet per minute.
Hickman. At the time of my last visit I observed that the air cur-
rent in parts of the mine was defective. Since that time they have
driven to the outcrop at the face of the mine, and this opening will,
in the future be of gr^at benefit to the ventilation. The mine has
been in operation only for about four months during the year. Quan-
tit}' of air passing at the outlet, 30,000 feet per minute.
Moon Kun. This is the only mine opened on the Moon Run Railroad
and is a very extensive operation. The inside develoj)ments are a
fair representation of the science of mining as it should be. All of
the new developniL^nts are being conducted on the three-entry system,
and in the near future about 500 men will be employed in the new
sections of workings, and the ventilation conducted through the
same without the use of doors, which will insure a constant flow of
air current to the face of the workings which will have an important
bearing on the health and safety of the workmen and will be quite
a step in advance of any other mine in the district. Hitherto the ven-
tilation has been produced by furnace power, but it is now the inten-
tion to provide one, and probably two, fans and have them erected
ready for use during the coming spring. The outside equipments
are also very substantial and well adapted for handling a large ton-
nage. Total volume of air in circulation at the outlets when last
'Uddsured, 06,400 feet per minute.
Reech ClitT and Montour. Both of these mines are located on the
Montour Run Railroad. When last visited each mine was found in
pretty good condition. Quantity of air passing in the Cliff mine
when last measured, 20,800 feet per minute, and 20,000 feet per min
ute were jiassing in the Montour mine, but this mine was not in
operation at the time, consequently the furnace was not being fired
to its full capacity.
Min'^s West of the Allegheny River.
Pine Creek. On each visit made to this mine T found that the air
current was not conducted forward to the face of the entries as well
488 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
as it might and sliould have been, but when last inspected they weiie
replacing the lumber stoppings between main intake and return air-
ways with masonry. This work, when completed, will prevent leak-
age and cause more air to pass to the face of the workings. Quantity
of air at inlet, 26,000 feet per minute.
Hite. Is in pretty good condition. Quantity of air in return air-
^^ay, 12,100 feet per minute, the same being pretty well conducted to
the face of workings. They have sunk a shaft at face of mine
v.hich will be used in future for drainage and ventilation.
West Tarentum. This mine has been run for years as a country
bank, and it is only recently that they have been employing a suffi-
cient number of men to bring them under the provisions of the law.
AVhen visited the mine was in poor condition. The ventilation at
face of mine was defective and there was no second outlet provided.
I requested them to take steps to comply with the law at once.
Quantity of air at outlet, 7,000 feet, produced by a fire basket.
Brakenridge. Is in good order. Quantity of air passing at the out-
let, when last measured, 19,000 feet per minute.
Natrona. The conditions of this mine are favorable. All parts of
the workings are generally well supplied with fresh air. Quantity
of air passing at the inlet, 17,200 feet per minute.
Freeport. Is a small operation. Very little coal has been mined
during the year. The condition of the mine, as regards ventilation,
is away behind the times, but when they again commence operations,
matters must be improved and they will be expected to comply with
the legal requirements.
Description of Fatal Accidents in the Seventh Bituminous District
During the Year 1894.
\Mlliam Wright, a colored miner, 27 years of age and single, was
killed by slate falling upon him in the Boyd mine, on March 5th.
1I(? was working in .a room in company with another miner. They
were aware of the dangerous condition of the slate and were in the
yet of setting a prop to protect themselves when the accident oc-
curred. The men had without doubt been woiking for some time in
extreme danger, not having sufficient props set under the slate to
ju'event it from falling, and they had no spare timbers in the room
at this time.
Peter Kroneberger, miner, 44 years of age, was killed by a fall of
slate in the Walton mine on March .31st. This man was mining coal
in a room. The piece of slate which fell upon him would weigh
about 1,500 pounds and was disconnected on one side by a free,
natui'al slip in the strata which could not be seen until after the slate
Lad fallen. On the opposite side from the natural slip the slate was
(III loose by the roof having been taken down over the roadway.
No. 11. SEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 483
Tlie deceased was loading a car at the time of the accident, and in
all probability he had examined the slate and found it to be unsafe,
for he had taken a prop forward, presumably for the purpose of
using it, but had deferred doing so until after he had tinished load-
ing his car, which delay proved to be fatal. The deceased was
sj)oken of as being a very careful, industrious man, and his
untimely death leaves eight children without father or mother.
The man was working alone in his room and had been dead for
some time before any one knew of it. He was discovered
by a driver who was passing along the entry and who observed
smoke escaping from the room, which appeared to be produced from
burning linen, and upon going into the room to investigate found the
man under the slate and his clothing nearly all burnt from the body,
it having taken fire from his pit lamp after the slate had fallen upon
him.
Frank Gusryouski, miner, 22 years of age and single, was fatally
injured by being crushed between car and side of entry. This man
was walking along the entry to his working place. On this entry
there were rooms turned every way 24 feet which were all unob-
structed, and instead of stepping into one of these rooms for the trip
to pass, the man continued on his course until he met the trip of full
cars, and then tried to pass between the cars and side of entry where
the space between cars and side was not more than six inches, conse-
quently he received injuries which proved fatal three weeks after
the occurrence. The man had only been employed in the mines for
a few days and had no idea of the dangers connected with the miner's
occupation. The accident occurred in the Northwestern mine on
April 9th, and death resulted on the 27th.
Mike Rodocay, miner, 2S years of age, leaves widow and two or-
phans in Austria, was kilh d by fall of slate in the Essen No. 3 mine
on August Otli. This man had fired a blast in the coal alongside of
a clay vein, and then went under the draw slate to throw back the
coal dislodged by the shot. The slate was cut loose by a slip from
the clay vein, which could readily have been seen. But it was evi-
dent that the num made no examination or he could have detected
the danger if he had been a practical miner. Yi'vy probably his
knowledge of mining was not sufficient to enable him lo ascertain
whether he was working in danger or not. The fire boss reported
the room in a safe condition when he made his nu)rning examiualion.
but the blast in the coal was fired after that time.
Jose})h P»nisk(), miner, aged 32, leavers widow and two orplians in
Italy, was fatally injured by a fall of coal in the Pi iiiirosp mine on
August 1th. Tie died in the hospital two days afterward. Two
Italians were AAoiking together in a. room and upon investigation ii
would seem that they had undermined a quantity of^coal and had
16
490 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Oft. Doc.
set a spiag under the coal foi- piulectiou while uuder-cuttiiig the
same, and that one of the men commenced to take out the sprag pre-
paratory to tiring a bhist while the other man was still undermining
beneath the coal, and as soon as the sijrag was taken out the coal
suddenly fell upon the man, causing fatal injuries.
Frank Deitrich, miner, 39 years of age, leaves widow and threj
orphans, was instantly killed by fall of rock in the Pine Creek mine
on August 21st, The deceased and another man were working to-
gether in a room, and both of them being practical miners, the room
was well timbered. The i)iece of rock which fell Avould weigh about
live tons and was surrounded by a free slip which intersected in the
roof about four feet above the coal. This slip could not be seen
until the roof had fallen. There were two j^rops set under the piece
of loose rock, but owing to its centre of gravity being unsupported
the })rops were thrown out by the giving way of the rock. The men
had fired two shots in the coal just previous to the accident, and it
would appear that the shots had broken through the roof coal and
penetrated into the slip in the rock, which had the elfect of liberat-
ing it, but by reason of the roof coal not being broken down, the ef-
fects of the shot in the ui)per roof were not visible. As before stat-
ed, the room was well timbered and bore evidence of care and skill
on the part of the miners, and the occurrence may be regarded as
jmrely accidental.
Thomas Christian, miner, 43 years of age, leaves widow and seven
(>i])hans, was fatally injured by fall of slate in the Creedmore min'-
on October Gth, and died on October 8tli. This man was loading
(oal after the mining machine in the main face entry. He had just
finished loading the last car of coal from a shot fired the previous
clay. He had been loading from under a (pnintity of overhanging
slate, part of which he had taken down just before the accident, and
the remainder he had left standing. He said it sounded solid and
appeared to be safe, nevertheless it fell upon him, causing injuries
as above stated. He was a practical miner, well qualified to judge
as to whether his working i)lace Avas safe or not, and I would likelv
be justified in coming to the conclusion that the occurrence was
purely accidental.
Carl Cramer, miner, 50 years of age and single, was fatally injured
by slate falling ujion him in the Standard mine on December 10th.
He died in the hos])ital on December 14th. This man was turning a
room and had only drive n it about four feet from the entry. He ha<l
fired a blast which broke down the coal, and broke into a natural slip
in the overhanging slate and left it in a dangerous condition. He
tlicn loaded the coal dislodged liy the shot and had connnenced to
undermine the coal iM<'paratoi'y to another blast, and it would ap-
I)i'ar that he had given no attention to the slate to see whether it was
No. 11. SEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 491
Kiife or iiol, iiud while uuder cuttiug the coal, the loose slate siid-
deiily fell upon him with fatal results. The place was reported safe
by the hre boss when he made his morning examination, but the
sliot was fired and the danger developed subseipient to that time.
The deceased had only worked one day in this mine.
JMartin Macek, laborer, 40 years of age, leaves widow and three
ojphaus in Austria, was killed on December 22d, by falling down
the shaft at the Laurel Hill No. '2 mine. This man was employed on
the tipple outside the mine, part of his duty being to assist in taking
the full cars from the cage and putting the empty cars back. He
had been employed at this work for about eight days, and on this
occasion he pushed the empty car to the wrong side of the shaft in-
stead of pushing it to the opposite side where the cage was up, and
from which point he had just previously taken the full car. The
conse(iuence of this mistake was that he pushed the empty car into
the shaft and both the car and the man fell to the bottom, a distance
of ninety feet. Death was instantaneous. His neck was dislocated,
one leg was broken in two places, and the body otherwise bruised.
He should, as was the custom, have stopped with the car some dis-
tance back from the shaft for the purpose of oiling the wheels, and
have pushed another car on the cage which was standing on the
light track ready to be put on, but almost any person is liable to
make a mistake of this nature and there is no reason why such a
mistake should result in loss of life or even personal injury, and if
tlie safety gates on top of the shaft had been in working order the
accident would not have occurred, for they would have prevented
the car from being pushed into the shaft. I found upon investiga-
tion before the coroner's jury that the safety gate had been out of
repair and not in use 'for about ten days and this fact was well
known to the mine officials, who were censured by the coroner's jury
for their negligence in the matter. The law requires that safety
gates be provided and that they be kept in good repair, and the fact
that they were out of re])air is a violation of the law on the part of
the mine officials, and legal ])roceedings will be instituted.
492
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Official Dotument, No. 11.
EIGHTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
(CENTRE, CLEARblELD AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.)
Johnstown, March 10, 1895.
Hon. Isaac B. Brown,
^Secretary of Internal Affairs, Harrisburg, Pa.:
{Sir: In compliance with the requirements of section 11 of article
10 of the Bituminous Mining Act, approved May 15, 18U3, we here-
with submit the annual report of the inspection of mines of the
Eighth Bituminous district.
The report will not be as complete as it should be, as we were" not
able to get sufficient data to report on the condition of each mine,
but enough is had to enable us to report on tlie general condition of
the mines of the district, which shows a gradual improvement in
the drainage, ventilation and safety of the collieries, and a desire
by the majority of the operators to make improvements, and thus
bring their mines up to the proper sanitary condition.
Several fans have been put in and quite a number of air shafts
sunk and new furnaces erected to improve the ventilation.
The report shows a production of 3,404,078 net tons, a decrease
as compared with 1893 of 1,039,400 tons as reported from mines, and
a decrease in the average number of days worked from 172 in 1893 to
119 days for 1894, which shows about the same average output each
day worked as in 1893. The number of fatal accidents during the
year was twelve, a decrease of eight from 1893. The non-fatal acci-
dents were 41, an increase of nine, yet they were not of a very serious
nature, but in the reports received from the mine foremcai on the
causes of accidents, much complaint is made of the carelessness of
the injured in not complying with the mine rules, by failing to secure
their safety with the means at hand nnd in not being at their post jf
duty in several cases when injured.
Tl>e report is complete, with the one exception, as stated, that we
could not get suffu'ient data to report on the condition of each mine
*The mine inspector of this district. Mr. I). H. Tliomns. having died .Taniuiry 27. 189.i. this report was
prepared by Mine Inspectors Josinh T. Evans and Roger Hampson of the adjoining districts.
502 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
separately. It contains the usual tables showing the coal and coke
production, number of employes inside and oulside, number of acci-
dents with their causes, etc.
Number of mines reported, 81
Number of mines reported producing coal, 77
Total production in net tons of coal, 3,454:,078
Total shipments in net tons of coal, 3,3S2,39<)
Total production in net tons of coke, 13,302
Average number of days worked, Hi)
Total number of persons employed, 8,160
Number employed inside the mines, 7,686
Number of horses ?nd mules, 837
Number of steam boilers, 100
Number of stationary engines, 71
Number of fatal accidents, 1-
Number of tons mined per fatal accident 287,840
Number of persons employed per fatal accident, 080
Accidents and Their Causes.
By mine wagons, . . . .
By falls of coal,
By falls of rock, . . . .
By hauling rope, . . . .
Kicked by mule, . . . .
Scalded by steam, . . . .
Caught by hoisting cage,
Burned by powder, . . .
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Non-
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41
J. T. EVANS,
R. HAMPSON.
l^eport of the Cottage State Hospital at Philii)sburg, Centre County,
for 1S94.
Total number of patients treated duiiug the year, ... 89
Minei's and children of miners, <»0
Pcrsous of other occuijations, 29
Patients discharged, 80
Number of deaths 9
M iners 7
Railroad employes, 2
SWITCH BOARD.
Fig, I. — CO^ Burette.
Fig. 2. — CO Burette.
No. 11. EIGHTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 503
Desci'iptiou of Injuries.
Fractured limbs, --i
Injuries necessitating amputation, 4
Fractures of sliull, 5
Powder burns, !">
Miscellaneous injuries, 52
Total 8l>
This hospital is of inestimable value to the miners and to the in-
jured <;(Mierally. But to miners it is of especial benefit, as the ad-
missions of men in that industry number G2| per cent, of the total
cases treated. Miss M, D. Fisher, the matron, is a perfect nursp
and she is qualified for the position in every sense of the word, and
mei'its all the approbation that the patients under her care and the
general public bestow upon her.
JOSEPH KNAPPER/
Inspector.
*Mr. Knapper Is the present Inspector of this district.
504
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
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Official Document, No. 11.
NINTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
(FaYETIE, WESTM0KELANI> and ALLEGHENY COUNTIES.)
Coiinellsville, March 4, 1895.
Hon. Isaac B. Brown,
Secretary of Internal Affairs:
Sir: In compliance with the Act of Assembly, approved May 15,
].^'{)3, I have the honor of herewith submitting to you my annual re
port as Inspector of Coal Mines of the Ninth Bituminous district,
for the year 1894.
There have been produced in this district 4,090,911 tons of coal,
and 1,473,982 tons of coke, a falling off in the production of coal of
li'3,l'G7 tons, and an increase in the production of coke of 233,818
ions, as compared with 1893. The average number of days worked
was 103, agamst 180 days in 1893. The number of persons em-
ployed inside this year is 281 in excess of those employed in 1893,
but two more mines have been in operation. The number of fatal
accidents was 11, and the number of non-fatal accidents 40, which is
4 fewer fatal, and 5 more non-fatal than were reported for 1893.
From the reading of the report of the accident to the boy Norton, it
will be observed that he was not employed in the mine, but was
visiting his relatives and he was forbidden to ride on the trips. He
slole in on the empty trip and was too far in for the driver to put
I'im off, as he had no lamp. Then, jumping on the first loaded trip
that he met going out, he lost his life. In commenting on these
fata! accidents, it nuiy be said that eight of them occurred from the
assumption of unnecessary risks by the victims. The killing of
Brown, Burtoft' and Kreuter might be termed accidents, becaus^^
these men were good practical miners and careful in their work, and
they did not think that there was immediate danger at the time of
llie accidents. Although this is a gaseous district, there were few ac-
cidents from gas. The re])ort shows that eight persons had been burned
but their injuries Avere slight and were caused by their disobedience
of orders. Some of these accidents occurred in the mines that do
not generate gas, or at least not in l.ii'ge or dangerous (piantities.
516
REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES.
Off. Doc.
This may be accounted for by remarking that in all ol' the explosive
gas generating mines only safety lamps are used. About 50 per
cent, of the accidents happened from falls. These accidents can only
be prevented by the miners themselves exercising more care. Ig-
norance and carelessness are the general causes, and by reading the
names of the accident tables, it will be seen who these careless per-
sons are. There were live accidents from the careless handling of
powder, from blown out shots, etc. There was one instance of a
colored man carrying matches in his powder bag when he bought it
uc the store. While he was taking it into the mine the bag burst
and he carefully put the matches and the powder into the same can.
When he made his cartridge, no doubt some of the matchheads went
into it along with the powder. It so haj)pened that the cartridge
siuck before it went all the way bacii; to the end of the hole, and
while he was in the act of tamping it back with his tamping bar, the
cartridge went off and burned him and a boy who was working with
him.
I cannot complain much about the sanitary condition of the mines,
as there are only three of them where the ventilation is not as good
as it should be. These three have become too expensive for the furnace
power which is employed to ventilate them. The erection of fans at
these places is contemplated. If these are put in, the mines will bo
in as good condition as the other mines in the district.
I have described the circumstances under which each fatal acci
di^nt occurred. The usual statistics will be found in their proper
order as part of this report, all of which is respectfully submitted.
Yours respectfully,
BERNARD CALLAGHAN,
Inspector.
Causes of Accidents for 1804.
By falls of roof, etc..
By falls of coal, . .
By mine wagons,
By explosive gas,
By powder, ....
Totals,
11
40
10
22
Nnmber of mines in the district,
Number of mines o])pratod during the year, . .
Number of miners (men) employed,
Number of miners (boys) under 16 years of age,
68
Gt
5,922
227
No. 11. NINTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 517
M umber of daymen, including mine foremen, drivers
and trappers, 94(>
Total number inside, 7,00;:^
Tutal number outside, 2,112
Total number of kegs of powder reported used, 11,145
Total number of horses and mules, 55?>
Total number of coke ovens, 5,028
Total number of tons (2,000 pounds each) mined, 4,090,811
Total number of tons (2,000 pounds each) shipped, . . . 2,625,335
Total number of tons (2,000 pounds each) coke made, . 1,473,982
Number of tons produced per fatal accident, 426,437
Number of tons produced per non-fatal accident, 117,270
Total number of dajs the mines were in operation,... 10,452
Average number of days for each mine in operation,. . 163
Average number of cubic feet of air in circulation
for each employe inside of mine, 25 L
Number of wives left widows, 7
Number of children left fatherless, 22
Accident List.
At Port Royal mine John Steve, a Slav, was killed by a fall of coal
in the following manner: While working with another man in room
No. 3, No, 8 entry, they had undermined the coal six feet deep,
partly across the room and had put a shot in the side next to the
left rib, which knocked down five or six feet and left others stand-
ing, but undermined and in a loose condition. Steve then com-
menced to undermine the rest of the cut with the intention of put-
ting a shot in the other side when it should be undermined. He
neglected to put sprags under it and the coal fell while he was under
it, and killed him instantly. The assistant mine foreman said that
he was in to see the miner that mornirig and told him to sprag his
coal.
Eureka Mine. Henry T^urtoff, American, was fatally injured by a
piece of slate falling upon him in a peculiar way, and it resulted in
liis death sixfy hours afterwards. He had his place in first-class
condition and was consideied one of the most careful miners in his
district. He had only on • piece of slate in his room and had posted
it with one post, which was sufficient, as it was only three feet eight
inches by two feet seven inches by ten inches. He was waiting on
a wagon and was spending this time in taking down the piece of
slate and cleaning it u|). He commenc d (o jyush the litst car which
he had loaded, out of the way, and Im^ pnj his back against the post
518 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
and his feet against the cai-. Instead of pushing tlie car he pushed
the post out from the shite, and the whole mass came down on him
with the above result. The place from which this piece of slate fell
showed a slip over the coal along the right side, which could nol
have been seen while the slate was up, as the coal at this place was
eight feet thick.
At the kScottdale Iron and Steel Coniijany's mine on August 1.
William Norton, a boy of 17 years of age, was killed by a trip of
l'.)aded wagons in the following manner: The evidence showed that
the boy had come to Scottdale that day with a base ball club, and
as his grandfather lived there, he stayed over with him a couple of
days. He was curious to see the inside of a mine, and was told
that no on? was allowed to ride on the driver's trips. After loiter-
ing about the outside some time, he stole in on an empty trip. He
met another trip coming out loaded. He had no light and being a
stranger in the mine, he attempted to jump on the last wagon and
ride out. As the trip was passing, it is supposed tliat he thought
he was jumping on the last car on the trip, but instead, he attempt-
ed to jump on the next to the last one. He was caught between the
last wagon and the rib, a spnce of only six inches. He died as they
were bringing him out on the same trip.
At Summit mine, on August 8th, James H. Martin, while taking
br.ck a rib. No. 20, burt Xo. 7, had set a break row of posts on the pre-
vious day, but the roof did not fall then. He had some time to wait
for a wagon. He went back into the space where the posts had
been drawn out the day before, and the roof fell on him, burying
him completely. The drivers called to him shortly after, and not
finding him, gave the alarm. A search was made for him, and iu
two or three hours afterwards they found him under the fall, dead.
This was the first accident that had happened in this mine, although
it has been in operation over twenty 3'ears.
At Darr mine, on August 13tli, while John Mudrok and John
Pdasko \\('i-e working in No. 7 entry, room No. lo. Klasko was
killed by a ]>iece of coal which weighed about a ton falling on him.
Fi*(un the evidence in this case it appeared that these men were un
dermining a cut in the face of the rib, it being o]K'n on one side.
John Mudrok discovered that this i)iece was loose and told Hlasko
sevei'al times not 1o work under it. No persuasion would induce
lilasko to go away ti-oiii the jtiiM-e of loose coal and it fell upon hiu!
and killed him instantly. It is difficult to ]>revents jiccideuls when
men are so headstrong as this.
At C)ce;iii mine No. 2, September .5th. (leorge Twigg, au Englisii-
niMii, and an experienced miner, was killed in his room, No. 10, No. C
entrv. From what we could learn in this case, the victim had been
No. 11. NINTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 519
ofL for a few days ou a spree, but coucluded to go to work ou that
morning-, and having a great lot of slate up, he commenced to take
it down. The position in which he was found, showed that he had
been drawing posts when I he slate fell on him. The man who
worked in the next room heard the fall and went to see if all was
right. Not finding him as he entered the room, he began a search
and found the unfortunate miner under the fall of slate, dead. He
was a single man, about 34 years old, and had been in this country
about eight years.
In Davidson shaft, on the afternoon of October 3d, Jacob Adams,
n (iernian, A\as instantly killed by a fall of top rock in his working
place, room No. 1, No. 3G entry. It appeared from the testimony in
this case that Jacob and his partner, Jacob Blezner, were drawing
out their posts to make a fall. They had a break row up, but com
menced to take out some posts that were back, and having them all
out except three, Blezner advised Adams to leave them stand
Adams then commenced to cut the posts in the middle with his ax.
and the whole roof that was supported by them came down upon
him. It re(]uired two hours work to get his body from under the
fall. He left a wife and two children.
At the Valley mine on the 27th of October, John Brown, a Scotch-
Dian, and ;.n experienced miner, was killed in following manner:
He and the miner that worked in the next room, William Ryan, wer^-
accustomed to assist each other when drawing posts. Ryan, in thif^
case, had set up his break row, when Brown came in to help him
Two of the posts were taken out. They concluded to leave one of
them in altogether, and then Brown began to knock out one of tlie
two posts, but the roof suddenly began to give Avay. Brown tried to
fiee, but the fall knocked the post out, and it struck him on the side.
He died in a half hour afterward. He was 47 years old and left a
wife and five children.
Jacob Matson, a Russian, was injured at the Port 'Royal mine on
October 29th, by a piece of slate falling upon him while he was
shoveling coal from under it. This man did not seem to realize the
danger in \\ hich he labored, or he would have either put up a post
to sustain the roof, or would have taken the roof down. He had
only been working in his place three days and was not accustomed
t' this kind of work. He died the next morning.
Lewis Kreuter, a German, aged 31 years, and an experienced coal
miner, was fatally injured on the 8th of December, at the Smithton
mine No. 2. A piece of slate fell upon him while tamping a hole to
fire a shot. Lewis and his partner, John Both, were driving head
ings and hiid taken all the slate except one little piece on th ' left
side. After they had tried to knock down this piece, they found
520 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
riiat it was too hard, so they made auother cut ready, and put a shot
iu it to shear it on the same side on which the piece of slate was left
up. Then they paid no more attention to it, thinking that it was
still in the ?ame condition. They were tamping a hole on the other
side, Kreuter throwing in the tamping while John rammed it back.
The slate unexpectedly fell, breaking John's leg and injuring him in
ttrnally. He died the same evening. He left a wife and three
children.
Michael JMauroskie, a Slav, was killed instantly at the Painter
mine on the 29'th of December by the locomotive that hauls the coal
from the second opening to the tipple. Michael was coming home
from work along with his brother-in-law, and instead of coming over
the hill, they walked through the first opening, which served as a
tunnel through which to haul the coal from the second opening.
They had met the locomotive going back and thought to get through
before its return trip. But the locomotive was able to haul only
half trips on account of the snow. It got back sooner than usual,
overtaking them before they got through, and ran down Mauroskie
within 200 feet of the outside. There were plenty of shelter holes
in the tunnel and plenty of room between the rib and the engine to
pass except at the place where he was caught. This was his first
day to have a check in his own name, although he had worked at
helping his brother-in-law for about three weeks.
Steve Lauri, a laborer at Darr mine, was killed by a railroad car
al the tipple on the Stli of March. T do not know whether this case
comes under the head of mine accidents or not.
Description of the Mines on the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad.
Adelaide. All the coal mined at this place is made into coke. The
plant has a working capacity of 342 ovens, and 274 persons are em
J loyed inside and outside. A new air shaft with a fan has been put
down. The fan ventilation lias a cuirenl of 105,000 cubic feet of
£»ir. This can be maintained and is well distributed throughout the
workings, and although this is considered a gaseous mine and is
v orked exclusively with safety laui]»s, I can scarcely ever detect any
explosive gas in any part of the mine.
Thomas Harris, mine foreman.
Fort Hill and Moi-eland Slojic. Thes,' mines are virtually one oper-
ation, being connected both inside and outside. All the coal mined
is made into c(»l<('. There are 3.50 ovens. The only improvemenc
made at this ])la('(' during the year was a brick and iron engin<;
house outside. The ventilation is maintained by a fan, which give.^
No. 11. NINTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 521
33,000 cubic feet of air per minute, and the current is well distri-
buted throughout the mine, 2,240 cubic feet having been measured
at cut-throughs at the furthest point on the slope side. This side is
all worked with safety lamps', it being gaseous. No standing gas
found when visited.
William Sloan, mine foreman.
Rainbow. This mine was not worked very steadily during the year,
owing to dull trade. Some improvements were made in the way of
overhauling things in general. If coal was wanted the mine could
supply it in good shape. Fan, 34,700; at the face of the main head-
ing, 10,640. Explosive gas is given off pretty freely in some entries,
and these are worked with locked safety lamps.
Dennis Worldly, mine foreman.
Wick Haven. This is a new mine, the coal being hoisted from a
sliaft about 65 feet from the surface. Then a slope has been driven
through the measures for the second opening and for the miners and
others inside to travel upon. A temporary fan supplies the air at
present, which gave 22,400 cubic feet at my last visit, and 9,500 at the
face of the heading at the far end. This was expected to be a gase-
ous mine when they get deep'or under the hill. Very little has been
encountered so far. They intend to build a large ventilating fan in
the near future, which will cope with the gas. They have built a
fine wash house, fitted up with hot and cold water, for the benefit of
the workmen. The place is heated by steam, so that the men can
change their clothes at all times of the year. It is the only place of
its kind in the district. Eighty persons are employed at the mine.
William Goldsboro, mine foreman.
Banning. The coal measures at this mine dip from the opening a:
the railroad and are followed directly to the end of their boundary
by a slope. The entries are then turned off right and left. Butt head-
ings are then driven up hill for rooms to be turned on the face of
the coal. This was the system at first adopted, but they have
changed this to turning the rooms up-hill on the butt of the coal, this
being considered the best method for this kind of grade, as it in-
sures safe aud easy hauling for the drivers and mules, and also in-
sures dry rooms. The coal is of the thick coal basin and gives off
considerable quantities of explosive gas. The ventilation is main-
tained by a fan, and although only seven feet in diameter, it passes
nbout 40.000 cubic feet per minute. This fan has given great sat-
isfaction, but is now too small for the capacity of the mine, and has
been replaced by one 20 feet in diameter. This is one of the gaseous
mines and may have to be worked nil through with safety lamps
lefore long, although there is no standing gas at present in the
17
522 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
iLiiiie, The mine worked only 182 days during the yeai- on account
I r tlie strike. There are 257 persons employed, and the coal is all
shipped to market just as it leaves the mine.
William Holsiug, mine foreman.
Darr. The coal measures dip directly from the opening the same
as the one previously mentioned, and the coal is hauled by the tail rope
system. The workings at the bottom of the slope are very gaseous,
being worked exclusively with safety lamps. The system of mining
the rooms on the butt of the coal is maintained through the mine,
and it is considered the best on the steep grades. The mules then
do not need to face the hills. This shows for itself in the quantity
of coal produced for the number of laboring men, drivers, etc. A
liew fan has been erected at this place, it is 25 feet in diameter and
produces 100,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a speed of 00 revolu-
tions. The maker says that it can be run with safety at 100 revolu-
tions.
Charles Watson, mine foreman.
Port Royal. This mine has about recovered from the fire and is in
pretty good shape again. They are preparing to put in a haulage on
tlie No. 1 shaft side in order to get as much coal to the one shaft as
to the other. When this is completed, they will be able to ship a
large quantity of coal. The coal is principally mined with coal-cut-
ting machines of the Jeffrey type. These do the work fairl}^ well,
but their system of leaving the ribs is not a commendable one. A
great quantity of gas is giver off, but a sweeping current of air is
kept well up to the face, and no gas is allowed to accumulate.
R. McIIroy, mine foreman.
West Newton. Very little can be said for this mine. The big
strike and the bad trade hindered it in such a way that it did not ad-
vance much during the year. The haulage was extended a little.
The mine is kept in good condition as regards ventilation and
drainage. {
Robei'1 riall, !nine foreman.
Ocean No. 5. There is notliing to add to the good report of last
year. The mine has good ventilaliou and drainage. Tliere were no
improvements during the year.
Robert Watson, mine foreman.
Forest Hill. This is one of the steadiest going mines in this dis-
trict. The coal is all mined in tlie rooms and headings with the
coal-cutting macliinos of the Jeffrey tyj)e, and llie ribs are worked
by hand labor. The system of ventilation and drainage is good.
No. 11. NINTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 523
They have crossed the track of one of Ocean No. 5 at half coal, taking
the remainder of the height out of the roof, Ocean No. 5 taking their
height by cutting down on the bottom. This arrangement was made
by an agreement between the two companies. Some improve-
ments Avere made here by taking up the bottom rock and blasting
down the top.
Arthur Crossland, mine foreman.
Pacific. The condition of this mine is not very good on account of
the poor ventilation. The furnace is no longer sufficient for the
required volume of good air. They are preparing to put in a
fan at the far end, where a i)umping shaft will be needed to prop-
el ly drain the mine. When this is completed it will be in good con-
dition.
John Thomas, mine foreman.
Sarah. This is only a small operation and has not done much dur-
ing the year on account of the dull trade. The general condition of
the mine is much improved and will soon be satisfactory to every
person employed.
Thomas Hall, mine foreman.
Ocean No. 2. I can not any tJiat this mine is in very good condition
a^: to ventilation, because like the preceding one it has become toi^i
extensive for furnace power. I believe everything has been done to
use what jtower they have, but it is not more than half sufficient.
The management, knowing this, have ordered a Capell fan, and ex-
pect to have it running by spring. The furnace gave, at my last
visit, .38,180 cubic feet of air per minute, while at the back entries,
about 1,800 feet were all that could be obtained. This quantity was
not half enough under the circumstances.
John Mathews, mine foreman.
Ocean No. 4. This mine did not work much during the year.
The ventilation has been imjiroved some by putting in a new furnace.
There are other improvements needed which will be attended to
when trade revives.
Thomas Suffolk, mine foreman.
Painter & Cornell's. This mine is in good condition all through,
but like the others was affected by the big strike.
E. B. Davis, mine foreman.
Dravo. The general condition of this mine is much improved and
everything points to a continuance of prosperity if trade will onlv
524 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
revive a little to encourage the operators to make the necessary im
provements.
John Matheson, mine foreman.
Krown's Nos. 1 and 2. In giving description of these mines one will
hiiflHce for both, as wlien one is working the other is invariably idle.
Jioth of these mines ship by the river. They have done very little
during the year. There is nothing to complain of in regard to ven-
tilation or drainage at either of the mines.
Frank Eansik and Alex. Cochrane, mine foremen.
List of Mines on the Belle Vernon Railroad.
Bell Bridge, ycry little can be said of this mine, as they did not
work much during the year, as can be seen from theii' tonnage, 41,-
741 tons. My last visit showed things to be satisfactory.
H. Henderson, mine foreman.
Lovedale. This mine was not in operation during the year. I did
not make a visit to it on that account. There is some talk of starl-
ing up in the near future.
Horner cV: Roberts. This place only worked about two months duv-
ing the year, and the firm is now in bankruptcy. There is some talk
of a co-operative company leasing it and starting it up soon.
H. D. O'Neil. This mine has worked very steadily during the yea:*.
They have made some improvements by putting the haulage rope
down through th'e old workings to the main body of the coal. They
have also improved the ventilation. The coal is cut with electric
coal cutting machines, which process seems to give good results.
They open up 64 feet of coal with two roads leading into these, and
by cutting about five feet deep, the coal is easily shot down and in
very large lumps.
.John Besenthinor, mino ('<):•( man.
List of Mines on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
B. & O. This is a small mine employing only about twenty person?
all told. The coal mined is all used by the railroad locomotives and
is worked more steadily than any I know of. They worked 305 days
during the year, besides sometimes employing an additional shift at
night. Although the ventilation is only by natural means, there is
nothing to complain of. From 0,000 to 10,000 feet of air passes at
No. 11. NINTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 525
present, but as they get farther in, this volume cannot be maintained,
so they propose to put in a fan.
Laclair Stillwagon, mine foreman.
Davidson Shaft. It is enough to say that this mine is in good con-
dition. About 70,000 cubic feet of air passes in and circulates
freely through the workings. There are no open lights used in thin
mine, although there is very little explosive gas given off, and what
there is, is in the solid workings.
John Stevenson, mine foreman.
Henry Clay. This mine is connected on the inside with the David-
son shaft, ^iJthough there is a different sj'stem of ventilation used.
The opening was made from one mine to the other so that in case of
an accident, the men would have refuge in one or the other direction.
Explosive gas was never found at this place, although the only lights
used are the safety lamps. A current of air of about 40,000 cubic
feet per minute passes through the mine. The air is well distri-
buted to the working places.
John Keck, mine foreman.
Tyrone. -The management of this mine has had a great deal of
trouble in getting out coal that was reckoned as almost lost by bad
mining heretofore. When they commenced to draw out ribs and
pillars there was so little means of support left that a squeeze com-
menced and threatened to overrun several entries. By judicious
and general cribbing and posting, this was pretty well overcome.
The management at this place deserves the greatest credit for their
attention and perseverance in combatting their difficulties. They
are now in pretty good condition and can boast that during all of
their troubles they never had a single accident. They are now work-
ing in another old mine adjoining and haul the coal through their
own opening.
Thomas R. Kane, mine foreman.
Sterling No. 1. There is very little coal left in this mine to hi
worked. They worked about three months during the year. A cou-
ple of year:5 steady work in this mine will finish all the coal. The
ventilation and drainage were good and can easily be maintained
until the end.
Jackson. This mine has worked very steadily during the year, and
although it is one of the oldest mines in the district, it will last a
long time jet. It has only a small number of ovens to supply with
charges, and will be one of the coal producing mines in the coke re-
gion for several vears to come. Thev are troubled with an old fire
526 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
which is siaouldering in the front of the mine. The drainage and
ventilation are good. No explosive gas has ever been encountered
at this place and it is worked with open lights.
George Moore, mine foreman.
Eureka. This mine is situated in the coke region basin, but none of
its coal is made into coke. The coal is of a good, strong nature.
The mine is being worked pretty extensively, and is kept in good
condition as regarding both ventilation and drainage.
James Bayley, mine foreman.
Smithton Nos. 1 and 2. This mine has been leased by a different
firm. They are working only No. 2 at present, but they intend to
work both mines if trade will warrant. They are developing this
mine in good shape. They ar } driving to connect No. 1 mine. When
that is completed, the men can go in and out of the mine without
going up and down the shaft.
John Harris, mine foreman.
Euclid Shaft. This mine has a small opening and a large coal and
in a large territory. The vein is about nine feet thick and is the
tiist mine to enter the thick basin towards Connellsville. This is
proven by the fact that the coal becomes thinner as it nears West
Newton, and it also becomes harder to work. I have never had
cause to complain of anything at this place. Although there is a
little gas, it is generated in the clay veins and in tlie solid workings.
The mine is well looked after
William Goodfellow, mine foreman.
West Newton Shaft. This shaft is used for the sole purpose of
pumping outlet and a place to hoist the men, slate, house coal, etc.,
for the convenience of the No. 2 shaft.
Yough Slope. I can only leiterate what I have said about this
mine in my former report. It has a bad roof and a little explosive
gas, but it is being well looked after and is kept in fairly good condi-
tion. The quantity of air for ventilation a( the outlet and inlet is
22,500 cubic feet per minute, and r.,SOO and 0,000 feet at the face of
each lieading.
James Latimore, mine foreman.
Amyville. There is not much to complain of at this place. Every
butt entry is driven tlirough (o dayliglit, and fresli air is supplied
from the outside, and although only 2,240 to 3,000 cubic feet of air
])er minute passes through, it is pure and sufficient for the numlior
of men when blasting is done in the evening. There i^? 20,000 feet
at the furnace. Drainage is all right.
Samuel Jones, mine foreman.
No. 11. NINTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 527
Ocean No. 1. This is an extensive mine and is well looked after
both as to ventilation and drainage. But it has gone beyond the
limit of the furnace power to give a sweeping current of air, and a
fjm is expected to take the place of the furnace before long.
Josiah Saffolk, mine foreman.
Dill worth I expect that this will be about the last report that will
be made of this mine as it is about exhausted. I have always found
it in pretty good condition.
Thomas Whiteman, mine foreman.
Shaners IS'o. 2. This is gne of the mines that gives off a little explo-
sive gas and has a bad roof in some places. There were four
Italians burned in this mine by going past a danger signal when the
mine was idle. An air and pumping shaft is to be put down as soon
as they get down to a certain point. This shaft will make a great
improvement.
Reuben Street, mine foreman.
Gulley Mine. This mine is being pretty well looked after. The
ventilation is maintained by a furnace which passes off about 40,001)
cubic feet of air per minuie. Sometimes a little explosive gas
makes its appearance at the solid workings. The fire boss visits all
these places every morning before the men enter, and all the precau-
tions are taken for the safety of the miners.
Ed. Bell, mine foreman.
Big Chief. If the arrangements contemplated at this mine are car-
ried out it will rank among the foremost in the way of ventilation.
At present the furnace is too far out of the way to be of much ser-
vice for ventilation. Besides there is a large territory of coal left
for the passage of a road. This coal, or the most of it, will be lost,
if it is left in this way much longer. In order to obviate this, they
are about to sink a shaft for air at a more convenient place, which
"will bring the ventilation to the required location.
H. D. Thompson, mine foreman.
Osceola. The workings of the mine at this place are now in a new
field, the old field being about worked out. They have extended
the rope inio the new hill and have made it practically a new mine.
The entries are driven to make connection for ventilation. This
mine j)romises to be in good condition for a long time to come.
Frank Ridlev, mine foreman.
528 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc
Mines on the Mt. Pleasant Branch.
Kist. This mine is entered by a short slope and is quite a large
operation. It is connected with the Henry Clay slope, which
in case of an accident would be a means of egress from either mino.
it is ventilated by a fan which passes about 60,000 cubic feet of air
per minute, and this air is then divided into the different sections,
I-ui-e and in generous quantities. No. 10 butt has 15,000, and the
others have the air in proportion as it is required. I have never
found anything at this mine to complain about.
Charles Winginwroth, mine foreman.
Morgan. This mine is nearly worked out. It has not worked for a
lung time, until this year. They have commenced to linish it up,
ynd then the ovens that were originally charged from it will be sup-
plied from Eist mine. The ventilation is produced by a small fan
which keeps the mine ir good condition.
Patrick Keynolds, mine foreman.
White. This mine extends a great distance back, and is entered by
two openings. It is connected with Rist mine by a passage way for an
outlet in case of emergency. The coal is very shallow, which makes
trouble in wet weather by the water entering the mine through thi
lalls. Apart from this, the mine is in good condition.
Terrence Donnelly, mine foreman.
Summit and Eagle. These are practically one mine, being connect-
ed inside and outside. They have the same system of ventilation,
ovens and r.ilroad. The ventilation and drainage are good and are
well looked after. The fan sustains 35,000 cubic feet of air per min-
ute. The ventilation sweeps through the rooms in quantities of
r. \}'20 and 5,(00 cubic feet per minute.
Edward Mooney, mii-t' foreman.
Fiaiiklin. This is a small operation and is ventilated by a
lurnacv., wafch produces plenty of ventilation for the requirements
of the mine. There were only 20 persons employed. The inlet mea-
surement wf.s 6,000 cubic feet for each entry and about 17,1(>0 cubiu
feet per minute for the main heading at the inlet. The drainage is
Kood and is well looked after.
Jacob Dewalt, mine foreman.
Valley. There is no mine in the district that is better looked after
than this. T never find a fault in any particular. The ventilation is
produced by a fan, which furnishes 77,840 cubic feet per minute.
The air is distributed in various splits as follows: No. S butt, 24,500;
No. 11. NINTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 029
Nos. 6 and 7, 12,160; No. 9, 9,520. Nearly the same quantity can be
found in the cut-throughs of rooms and elsewhere. A connection
is made through to White mine, and an underground passageway to
Connellsville.
James Jackson, mine foreman.
Scottdale Iron and Steel Company. This is only a small operation,
the coal being mined for the sole purpose of supplying the boilers at
the rolling mill. The pit cars are run down an inclined plane and
dumped at the required place. The ventilation is produced by a fan
which gives 23,500 cubic feet of air per minute. The air is well dis-
dributed throughout the workings as follows: No. 4 entry, 18,760;
No. A flat, 32,600 cubic feet per minute. There are only 20 persons
employed in this mine.
A. S. Suttle, mine foreman.
Dexter. This is a small mine, only fourteen persons being em-
ployed. The ventilation is maintained by natural forces, which
seem to be suflScient for the present; 6,720 cubic feet of air per
minute were registered at my last visit; drainage is all right.
S. Fairchild, mine foreman.
West Overton. This is but a small mine, employing only 47 per-
sons. The ventilation 1r by natural means, which is sufficient on ac-
count of the falls to daylight over the mine. The drainage is per-
fect.
John Boyle, mine foreman.
Painters. The roads in this mine are very good and dry. The ven
tilation, though not in great volume, has been sufficient to keep the
mine in good, healthful condition so far, but it can be improved. A
furnace produces a current of 3,200 cubic feet of air per minute in
Ihe far end of the mine. There are 90 persons employed here.
Andrew Beatty, mine foreman.
Bessemer. This plant is working for the first time since '91. An
air shaft has been put down, which has greatly improved the ventila-
tion, but it is still poor and will not be bettered until a fan is put in,
which will likely be done this spring.
At my last visit the furnace gave 29,600 cubic feet of air per min-
ute, but this will not be sufficient in the summer.
John Naiiy, mine foreman.
Rising ir:5un. Both the drainage and the ventilation in this mine are
good. A furnace produces a current of 24,400 cubic feet of air per
34-11-94
530 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
minute. .\o 8 entry has 8,G90 cubic feet. The surface is thin and
very often falls in, thus leaving holes for free ventilation.
Thomas Evans, mine foreman.
Buckeye. This mine was in very good condition at my last visit.
The ventilation is produced by a fan, Avhich makes 25,200 cubic feet
of air per minute. No. 2 entry has 10,000 cubic feet; rooms and cut-
throughs, 1,720; No. 1 entry, 11,700; slope heading, 11,200. The
drainage of this mine is good.
George Jiurns, mine foreman.
Mullen. This mine was in good condition at the last time I visited
i(. It was operated very little during the year.
William Alexander, mine foreman.
Emma. I found nothing at this mine of which to complain. There
p.ie only fourteen persons employed. A new pump has been put Ui
in order that some coal in the dip can be worked.
Adam Whitehead, mine foreman.
List of Mines on th^ Southwest Pennsylvania Railroad.
Grace. There is good drainage at this mine, also good ventilation.
The current of air is produced by a fan which makes 44,000 cubic
feet per minute. No. 7 flat has 21,280 cubic feei^^ No. 6 flat has
0,300 cubic feet; the rooms have in No. 7 flat, 2,400; No. 9 flat has
8,100 cubic feet.
John McDonald, mine foreman.
Pennsvilk . I have always found this place in good condition. The
ventilation is produced by a fan which furnishes 18,000 cubic feet of
air per minute. At the far end of the workings there are 15,000
cubic feet maintained. The drainage is good. There are only
twenty-five persons employed at this mine.
William Kooser, mine foreman.
Donnelly. I have found nothing at tin's mine of which to complain.
The fan makes 27,840 cubic feet of air per minute; No. 4 butt has
r.,600 cubic feet; the inlet at the far end has 13,800 cubic feet. There
arc 60 persons employed at j)resent.
Andrew Neish, mine foreman.
Mayfield. This mine adjoins and is connected with Donnelly on the
inside. The furnace makes 10,080 cubic feet of air per minute. Xo,
No. 11. NINTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 531
Tj butt has 8,600 cubic feet; No. 4 butt has 5,670 cubic feet; there
are employtd 24 persons. The drainage and ventilation are good.
P. S. Steven, mine foreman.
Union. This mine employs twenty-two persons. It has not worked
lor some time until this year. The furnace produces 6,240 cubic feet
of air per minute. The one inlet has 1.960 cubic feet. The drainage
i'nd the ventilation are good.
J. S. Raggor, mine foreman.
Eeport of the Cottage State Hospital of Connellsville.
From the annual report of the management, just completed, we
gather that there were 198 j)atients treated during the year. Since
the opening of the hospital there have been 541 treated. Of those
treated this year, 108 were Americans, 38 Hungarians, 11 Irish, 11
Austrians, 9 Germans, 9 Italians, 5 English, 3 Poles, 1 Swede, 1
Scot and 2 of unknown nativity.
Out of the 198 patients, there were but 23 deaths, some of whom
(Med immediately upon admission, and the majority within from 12
to 48 hours after being admitted. These were all necessarily fatal
cases. Ten of the fatal cases were those of miners injured while at
work. Sevfu were those of miners injured while off duty. Tw^o
were railroad employes. Two others were injured on the railroad,
but were not employes. One was a suicide, and one a victim of a
foke-yard riot.
Many of the patients admitted during the year were severely in-
jured and r<?quired great attention. The nurses and surgeons were
kept busy with the care of such patients. There were no less than
49 cases of fractured limbs. There were three cases of broken back,
twelve cases of crushed legs, besides a number of gun-shot wounds
which necessitated amputation.
The occupations of the patients were as follows:
Coke workers, 101
Laborers, 19
Railroad brakemen, 17
Railroad engineers, 8
Railroad conductors 1
Railroad firemen, 1
Railroad hostlers, 1
Macliinists, ' 2
Carpenters, 2
Clerks, 2
532 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
Soldiers, 1
Car inspectors, I
Agents, '. 2
Drivers, 2
Farmers, 5
Foremen, 1
Glassblowers, I
Housekeepers, I
Lumber dealers, 1
Printers, 2
Plasierers, 1
Wa! .ers, 2
Children lf>
The average cost per week for each patient was, during 1S94,
^7.49. Pay patients, other than those injured, are charged $1.00
per day.
No. 11.
NINTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
533
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Official Document, No. 11,
TENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
(HUNTINGDON, BEDFORD, FULTON AND BLAIR COUNTIES, AND THOSE
PARTS OF CLEARFIELD, CAMBRIA AND INDIANA COUNTIES LYING
ADJACENT TO THE BELLS GAP RAILROAD AND TH E PARTS OF CLEAR-
FIELD, CENTRE AND CLINTON COUNTIES, LYING ADJACENT TO THE
MAIN LINE OF THE BEECH CREEK RAILROAD.)
Altoona, March 18, 1895.
Hon, Isaa'j B. Brown,
Secretary of Internal Affairs:
Sir: In compliance with the requirements of section 2, article 10
of the Bituminous Mine Law approved May loth, 1893, I have the
honor to submit my annual report for this district for the year 1894.
It will DO noted that there is a great falling off in the tonnage of
this district as compared with last year, also iu the number of per-
sons employed during the year. The production of coal was 1,882,-
629 tons as against 2,773,llo tons in 1893, showing a decrease for
this year of 890,487 tons. The production of coke this year was
'1 7,786 tons as against 224,181 in 1893, a decrease of 170,395 tons.
The numb' r of mines in the district is 68, and the number operated
was 61. TJie total nu!iiber of persons employed this year was 5,247
as against 5,697 in 1893. The number of fatal accidents this year
was 2 as against 4 in 1893. The number of non-fatal accidents was
}7 as against 31 in 1893. The average number of days worked this
year was ill as against 164 in 1893.
Tlie past year was a disastrous one for both operators and miners,
owing to the great strike that prevailed all over this part of the
State, and other states also. The strike commenced April 21st and
lasted for a j)eriod of from three to four months, and some of the
operators are doing very little business yet, owing to their having
lost what contracts they had, and there is no knowing when
they will gd them back again, while the earnings of the miner have
never been so low as during the past year, and how they managed to
live is indeed a great mystery. We trust, however, that we have
seen the darkest days of the depression in the coal business, and
tbat a revival will gradually take place, and operators be enabled to
544 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Uoc.
realize a r<'.nsonable profit from the sale of their coal, and that the
miner will get a price that will enable him to live in some degree of
comfort
A detailed description of each mine, and of the improvements
made, whether of fan or furnace, will follow. One new mine was
opened and one abandoned during the year, and if there is a
revival in ihe coal business, there are several new operations that
will be started, as they are only waiting for better times to come.
The folio rving summary of the statistics sent to this oflQce will
show the tonnage, etc., during the year.
Summary of Statistics.
Number of mines in the district, 68
Number of mines operated during the year, 61
Number of tons of coal mined, 1,882,530
Number of tons of coal shipped, 1,800,817
Number of 'ons of coke produced, 47,78G
Number of persons employed inside, 4,749
Number of persons employed outside, 498
Total number employed, 5,247
Number of fatal accidents, 2
Number of non-fatal accidents, 17
Number of tons of coil per fatal accident, 941,265
Number of tons of coal per non-fatal accident, 110,737
Number of kegs of powder used, 10,125
Number of days worked during the year, 6,816
Average number of days worked by each mine 1112-3
The usual tables follow.
R. HAMPSON,
Inspector.
Condition of Mines.
Gazzam Mines. These mines are owned and operated by the Clear-
field Bitum.inous Coal Corporation, and at present Mines No. 1 and
4 only are working. The coal at this place is very thin, ranging
from one and a half feet to three feet in thickness, with a good slate
loof over tbt vein.
No. 1 mine is a very extensive one as owing to the vein being thin a
great deal of ground is gone over in the course of a year, and so a
great number of headings are being driven all the time. The ven-
tilation of ihe mine is produced by a large furnace, and the exhaust
steam from a large pump is «lso used to help ventilate a portion of
'he mine. During the year the ventilation was good, and everything
was well attended to.
No. 11. TENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 545
No. 4 mine has never been a large producer, ovviug to the fact that
they have 'jieountered mauy difficulties in the way of dips aud low
coal, but (luring the past year they seem to have got into a good
I'ody of coal which is over three feet in thickness and they are more
encouraged thereby. During the strike of last summer they blasted
down the roof and made a new haulage way, and it has dispensed
with the pumping that heretofore had to be done, and now the mine
is in far better condition as regards ventilation and drainage than it
was before.
O'Shanter Mines. These mines are two in number and are oper-
ated by Weaver and Ettla, but during the year they have not worked
\ ery much-
No. 1 mine is quite a long distance in, and the ventilation had
grown weak, so during the year a new furnace was built on top of
the hill and close to the present face of the workings, and the condi-
tion of the mine was ^ery good as regards ventilation.
No. 2 mine was reopened during the year, and the drift and mail'
beading were re-timbered and the furnace shaft overhauled and pu:
m good condition, but at the time of my visit all the improvements
were not completed, but the mine was in good condition as regards
\entilation and drainage. The coal in these mines is a little over
three feet in thickness with a band of cannel coal running from six
inches to a foot in thickness next the roof.
Bloomington Mines. Mines are ow^ned and operated by the Bloom -
ington Mii>mg Company, and they are the most extensive mines on
this railroad. They are working the same vein as the O'Shanter
mines, and ihe vein rrns about the same thickness, with the same
general characteristics as regards cannel coal and roof. No. 1 mine
is worked out, and in No. 2 a few miners are pulling out the heading
pillars. No. 3 mine is the most extensive mine, and their production
when running full is sbout seven hundred tons per day. One part
of the mine is ventilated by furnace, and as the headings are getting
a long distance in, the condition is not as good in regard to ventila-
tion as the part of the mine to the dip, w^hich is ventilated by a fan.
The general condition, however, is good, and as they are driving toward
and expect to cut into the Keystone mine adjoining, it will improv?
the condition of that part of the mine materially, as it will very con-
siderably shorten the distance the air current now has to travel.
No. 4 mine is not as large as No. 3 and their production runs from
four to five hundred tons per day when running full. The mine is
well ventilured. the same fan that ventilates part of No. 3 mine ven
tilates this mine, and the current is carried up to the face of the
iT-adings and the requisite number o)' splits used, so that each por-
tion gets 11m requisite amcunt of air iHHnU'd.
35-11-94
546 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
During die ^ear they commenced work on a new slope, but the
condition of trade was so poor that they have for the present aban-
doned it.
Royal Slope. This is a new slope put down during the year, and
operated by O. Perr}' Jones & Co. The mine is well equipped with
hauling macJiinery, and a Brazil fan has been put up for ventilation.
The condition of the mine was only fair, as they had not yet got
things in pjoper order, but with care and attention this will make a
lirst class mine, and the management hope to make it one of the
most extensive mines on this line of road, and there is nothing i«»
hinder the>n, for they have a iarge body of coal to work and the vein
Is very regular, and runs a little over three feet in thickness.
Kyler Mine. Operated by E. C. Fishburn has worked very little
during the past year. X new furnace has been built during the year
and the ventilation and drainage of the mine are good.
Harts Mine. This is a small operation ait Munson Station, oper-
ated by Thomas Hart, and has worked very little during the year.
Visited it once and found a few miners at work. Ventilation and
drainage are good.
Douglas Slope. This was formerly known as Lueder slope, but is
LOW operated by A. O. Somerville, and has only worked a few days
during the year. I had no chance to examine the mine as I could
rot find them at work.
Kecks Mine. This is operated by the Keck Coal Company, and they
are working a vein of White Ash cannel coal which is a little over
four feet in thickness with a very good slate roof. As only a few
miners are employed and no powder is used, the mine was in a good
sanitary condition, and the drainage was also good.
Forest Mines. These mines are two in number, and are operated
by Jones iV: Walton and the vein is a little over tliree feet in
"^hickness. ' i
The condition of these mines is not very good, as there is a great
deal of shooiing done, the mine is in a more or less smoky condition,
and as tin re are faults in the vein, it makes it difficult to drain the
mine propt rly. There is a furnace in each of the mines, but the
workings in No. 1 mine are getting quite a distance from the furnace,
eo that the ventilation at the face of the workings is weak. No. 2
mine is nor as extensive as No. 1, but in this case the fui'nace is not
5very eflficiont owing io the shallowness of the shaft and so at the
face of the headings the ventilation is weak. A great deal of new
heading h-AA been driven dui-ing the yeai', and the mine is capable of
a good production if Ihe state of trade warranted it.
Somerville Mines. Operated by Somerville and Buchanan, and at
})Tesent tliere are two openings being worked. On my first visit the
No. 4 mine was in a poor condition for ventilation, but on my subse-
quent visits the condition was much imi>roved as they liad driven
No. 11. TENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. , 547
an openiuj-- to the outcrop near the face of the work, and as this
shortened ihe distance of the air current, it made a great change in
the ventihiiion of that part of the mine. They are now driving to
ward the outcrop in another part of the mine that lies to the dip,
ai d the management intend to put down a shaft and use it both for
ventihition and pumpmg, and as a steam pump will be needed, they
',vill also pi'l in a fan at the same time.
No. 6 mine is mostly confined to working out the heading pillars
and a small quantity of coal next the outcrop, and the condition of
this mine ^^as good both for ventilation and drainage,
I'eale Min^s, These mines are known as Grass Flat, Pleasant Hill,
.Mctravian, and Knox Run, and are operated by the Clearfield Bitu-
minous Coal Corporation. Grass Flat is the most extensive mine,
and its capacity is in the neighborhood of seven hundred tons per
day. The coal is hauled out of the mines by the ail-rope system,
and the ventilation is by means of a large furnace. The vein
M'orked is the B vein and is a little over three feet in thickness with
a small bone coal on lop, and overlaid with a good slate roof. The
ventilation has been good during the year, and it has been much im-
proved by cutting inio the workings of the Pleasant mine and thus
considerably shortening the distance the air current had to travel,
and bringing it near the face of the workings. The drainage of the
mine is also good, as they keep a good water level driven along with
the rest of the workings.
Pleasant Hill Mine. This mine is working the same vein as the
preceding, and the ventilation is by means of a furnace, and as the
mine is comparatively a new one, it is in a very good condition both
as regards ventilation and drainage, and everything is well looljed
after.
Moravian Mine. Considerable work has been done in this mine by
driving new headings, and the air current has been much improved
by shortening the distance it had to travel, and the ventilation and
drainage have been good during the year.
Knox Run. This mine was found in a good condition during the
year, and the drainage is also good. A new opening is being put in
and this will shorten the haul considerably, and will also improve
the ventilation as the air current will come in near the face of the
present workings.
Snow Shoe Mines. These mines are respectively Sugar Camp Noa.
1. 2 and ^, and Carey town mine, and are operated by the Lehigh Val-
ley Coal Company.
Sugar Camp Nos. 1 and 2 were worked during the year. No. .3 hav-
ing been closed on account of the depression in the coal business.
At my first visit the mines were in poor condition, but on the subse-
548 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
quent visits they were fouud in good coiidiliou, ilie veulikitiou being
well attended to. In tiie upper vein the work is getting narrowed
down ver^^ mueli, and in a short time it will be confined mostly to
pillar work.
There is a tine large furnace at this mine, and if this is well looked
after there is ample ventilation for the number of miners employed.
In the lower vein, which is about three feet in thickness, they have
had considerable ditliculty with a large dip, but they have now man-
aged to drive a water level heading and have dispensed with the
pumping that heretofore was necessary. A good furnace is
used in this mine, and as there is a great deal of shooting necessary
to get down the coal, it is necessary that a brisk ventilation be kept
up 10 keep the mine clear of smoke. \
Careytown Mine. Tiiis is a small mine employing about twenty
miners, and as the coal is easily worked and brushed down, instead
of being blasted, and there is a small furnace used, the ventilation is
good.
Kellys Mine. This is a small operation worked by Kelly Brothers,
and they are working crop coal that was left years ago by the former
coal companies. They have recently leased a body of coal adjoining,
and are developing the same, and as there is quite a body of it, they
will be able to make a better show than in their present workings.
They will put up a furnace, as there already is a shaft down to the
vein.
Cherry Run Mine. Operated by Holt & Buck, and located near
Snow Shoe. This vein runs from three to four feet in thickness.
The mine is ventilated by a small furnace that so far has been suffi-
cient for the needs of the men employed, but as the mine is spread-
ing out, it will soon need to be replaced by a larger and better one.
A large dip has been met with, and a syphon is used for draining it.
They also have passed through several faults which have retarded
them somewhat, but at my last visit things were looking brighter,
for they had struck a body of coal about fonr feet in thickness.
Cato Mine. This mine was idle until the latter part of the year,
rthen Messrs Lucas and Swope leased it and put a few miners to
work. Did not visit it during the year.
Kelly and Morgan Mine. This is another small operation working
a small piece of coal that was left by a former company, and as they
cur into the old miue at intervals, the condition of ventilation and
drainage is fair.
All the above described mines are located on and shij) their pro-
duct, with the exception of Kellys, Cherry Run and Careytown, over
the Beech Creek Railroad.
Glenwood Mines. Thes(> mines are three in number, and are oper-
ated by the Glenwood Coal Company. Mines 1 and :3 are connected
No. 11. TENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 549
and are quite extensive and they liave a vein of coal running from
four to live feet in tliickness and perfectly clean. The ventilation is
by means of furnace, and is good, as is also the drainage. The lower
part of No. 3 mine is confined to pillar work, and is being pulled back.
No. 2 mine is a slope, and during the year they got to the
bottom of the basin, and are working in a fine body of coal which in
places is nearly six feet in height. The ventilation is by means of a
furnace, but as the mine is being rapidly developed a fan will soon
bi' needed as the furnace is not very large. The ventilation and
drainage of the mine are good.
Urey Ridge Mines. Tbese mines are three in number and are oper-
ated by the Urey Ridge Coal Company. Mines 1 and 3 were the only
ones worked during the year, and in No. 1 mine the condition as re-
gards ventilation was very good, as tliey have built a new furnace on
the top of the hill, and as it is close to the face of the work, the con-
dition is all that can be desired. No. 3 is a new mine, and the ven-
tihition and drainage are good, as they have a good furnace in opera-
tion.
Penn Mine. Operated by Reakirt Bros. & Co., and working same
vein as Glenwood No. 1, with the same general characteristics. Dur-
ing the year they worked very little and they are now endeavoring
to reach a small body of coal at the extreme end of the property. At
the lower end they have driven out a waterway, and this gives them
access to a body of coal that has long been under water. The mine
is ventilated by a furnace, and its condition has been very good dur-
ing the year.
Cush Creek Mine. This mine, which has been idle for the past tw'o
years, was started up with a few miners with the object of driving
through a fault that had barred their way, and consequently not
much work has been done.
They have a small temporary furnace sufficient for their present
needs, but if they manage to get through the fault they will put the
mine in proper condition.
The mines above mentioned, Glenwood, Urey, Penn and Cush
Creek, are all located on the Glen Campbell branch of the Pennsylva-
nia Railroad.
National Mines, These mines are operated by the Philadelphia
Coal and Coke Company, and have worked very little during the
year. I visited them only once, and found the drainage and ven-
tilation of the mine very good.
Irvona Mines. Operated by the Irvona Coal Company. No. 1 mine
i.-? in a series of faults and as they have great trouble with water,
the condition of the 'nine is not good. No. 2 mine was worked for
a short time after the strike, and it was at this time I visited it, and
550 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
found the ventialtion of the mine very fair. They have done nothing
since that time. No. 3 is a new mine on top of the hill, but was
worked only for a short time and then was shut down iudetinitely.
Oakland Mine. This is a small mine owned and operated by Sam-
uel Hegarty, and only worked for a short period during the strike,
and on my lirst visit was in very poor condition. A small furnace
was put up and on my next visit the ventilation was much improved.
Bear Ridge Mines. These mines are operated by the Bear Ridge
Coal and Coke Company, aud on my first visit, No. 1 mine was in
Aery poor condition, as they were working a piece of coal that had
bt*n left by a former mine boss, and there was no proper return for
air. On my subsequent visits they were pulling oiit the pillars, and
it is now nearly cleaned out. No. 2 mine was found in only fair con-
dition on my first visit, but afterwards I found the condition of the
mine good. This vein is less than three feet thick and the coal is
i;sed for coking purposes.
Eldorado Mine. This mine is operated by the Eldorado Coal Com-
pany. They did not do much work during the year and only a few
miners are employed. The condition of the mine was poor, as on the
left of the mine they cut into the old Great Bend mine, and as a great
deal of black damp is met with in these old workings, and the furnace
is not of much account, they cannot at all times keep it clear. They
are endeavoring to drive to the outcrop on the right, and put in a new
opening, but so far they have not succeeded, and until this is done
they will have more or less trouble with the black damp from the old
workings.
r.lands Mine. Operated by Fred Bland and the greater part of the
coal produced is used in coaling the engines on the ]?ells Gap Rail-
road. About thirty miners are at work here aud the ventilation
and drainage were good during the 3'ear. They have now struck
a, body of coal averaging four feet in thickness, and the prospects for
this mine are much brighter.
Max Frick Mine. Operated by Max Frick, and employing about
forty miners. The roof in this mine is very i)oor and needs con-
stant watching. During the year they had a very bad scjueeze, and
it overran the main hauling way, but now they have another hauling
way to the dip of this one, and the greater quantity of tiie coal is
brought out on the new road. The ventilation and drainage of the
mine were good during the year. A new opening is now being put in,
and it will be ready for shipping coal some time during the summer,
and then this mine will be abandoned.
Great Bend Mine. Operated by the Bellwood Coal Company. Has
done very little during the year. This mine is a very hard mine to
No. 11. TENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 551
do auythiug with, as liie roof is so very poor that it is impossible to
work one part of the iiiiue at all. They also have great difficutly with
dips which makes the draiuage poor. They have cut iiito the old
Loydsville tuuuel, aud iu this part of the mine they have difficulty
with black damp, aiid as the furnace is of very little use, being only
a small atl'air built up in a crude manner, the condition of the mine is
l»oor. 1 have uotitied the management that they must put their mine
iu a proper condition aud expect to soou be able to report a better
( ondition of aiiairs.
Delaney Mine. This mine is oi)erated by the Altooua Coal and
Coke Company, and its production when running full is between six
and seven hundred tons of coal per day. No. 1 mine is mostly con-
lint-d to working out the pillars, with a small section of solid coal
near the outcrop. Tl\e ventilation and drainage of the mine were
good during the year.
In No. 2 mine, the condition on my first visit was not good, but on
subsequent visits it was in good condition, as they had put down an
air shaft more than ninety feet in depth, and this was at the face of
the workings, so that there was a decided improvement in the ven-
tilation. They have had great difficulty iu this mine with rock
faults, aud are now getting into a better body of coal. They have
also put iu a new mine opening on the Miller seam, and expect to be
able to ship coal early in the spring.
Glen White Mine. This mine is operated by the Glen White Coal
Company. It is a slope mine, the coal being hauled out by tail rope,
and the ventilation is by means of a Brazil fan. The condition of the
mine, both for ventilation and drainage, was very good. A new
Boyts pump has been put in during the year.
East End Mine. This is a slope mine, operated by the East End
Coal Company, and they haul the coal out by the tail rope system.
A new lift has been sunk on tlie slope during the year, and quite
a great deal of heading work driven, and the mine is being rapidly
developed. The rooms on the upper lift on the right hand side
nearly all went into bad roof, and they had to be abandoned, and the
new lift started, and this part of the mine is in better coal and not
80 much troubled by clay veins as the upper part. A Brazil fan is
used for ventilating, and the condition of the mine was good during
tlie year.
Bennington Slope Mine. This mine is operated by J. L. Mitchel &
Co.. and has not done much work during the year; the work being
confined to a small section of solid coal at the extreme end of the
mine. The mine had been flooded for a long time prior to their
rommencing work, and they could not get all the water out of the
roadways, so they were in a very poor condition. The ventilation of
the mine was poor, as the fan was not capable of producing an ap-
552 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
preciable current at the face of the work, as it is two miles at least
from the fan to the lace of the workings.
Porter Shaft This is operated by C. H. Porter & Co., and is a very
old mine and the headings are a long distance from the foot of the
sliaft. They did very little work during the year, and the condition
of the ventilation was not good, and as the mine is worked on the sin-
gle heading plan, it >s impossible to get the small quantity of air
passing through the mine to the face of the headings, as w^ould be the
case if they were working double heading system.
Bradley's Mine. This is a new mine which was opened during the
year and operated by Bradley and Meagher, and adjoins the Porter
mine on the east, and ( onnections have been made between the two
u'.ines. The same system of working is practiced here as at the
Porter, namelj' the smgle heading system.
The condition of the mine was very poor, as the management had
crowded the mine to its fullest capacity, and had made no provi-
sion whatever in the way of doors and bratticing for conducting the
air current around the face of the work. There was an ample
volume of air passing, and orders were given to put up doors and
brattice, so as to carry it around to the face of the rooms and head-
irgs. If those in charge would only exercise a little judgment, this
could be made a model mine in every respect.
Tipton Mine. Operated by the Evans and Bell Mining Company.
This mine had been lying idle until last May, when the above par-
ties assumed control of it, and they have not done very much work
so far, as they have only from tw'enty to thirty miners employed.
The vein runs about three and a half feet thick, and the quality of
the coal is good. The condition of the mine was very fair, as ven-
tilation is produced by the exhaust steam and heat from the boilers
that are used in generating steam for hoisting the coal from the
slope. A new traveling way has been made during the year, and
this comes out into n old drift that was first put in to open up the
(oal. They have also developed to a small extent, a small vein
near the mouth of the tunnel and it has proved very good, so far
as regards quality.
Dougherty Mine. Operated by the Richland Coal Company. They
have done very little business as they supply only house coal, but are
expecting to enlarge their mine and do a better business in the com-
ing year.
Cumberland Mine. Operated by the H. & B. T. M. R. R. Co. They
have not done very much work at this mine during the year, and on
my first visit T found the ventilation very poor, and T suggested the
air current be reversf:*!, as they have a Brazil fan in use, and this^
No. 11. TENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 553
was d©ne, and on my other visits the mine was in a better condi-
tion. They have reached the bottom of the basin and are now working
on the other side, but so far they have had difficulty with a very
bad roof, and the steep pitch of the vein. A great deal of water
enters the mine and it needs constant pumping. They have a good
system of tail rope haulage for taking the coal from the mine.
Crescent Mine. Operated by the Lambrith Coal Mining Company.
This mine is getting a long distance in, and they are working along
the bottom of a basin and up to the top of the anticlinal on the
right and left. There are from one hundred to one hundred and
fifty miners at work, and the production is about six hundred tons
per day when running full.
The tail rope sj'stem is used for hauling the coal from the mine,
jind the ventilation is by means of a Brazil fan. The ventilation of
the mine was good, as was also the drainage during the year.
Chevington Mine. Tins mine is adjoining the Crescent and operat-
ed by the same compouy, bu; the conditions of the mine are entirely
different from the Crescent, for while in the Creecent there is a good
roof, in this mine the roof is very poor, and needs a great deal of
timber to make it secure. About thirty miners are employed in the
mine, and the ventilation was very fair.
Kearney Mine. This mine is operated by Joseph Thropp, and the
product is used in making coke for the Everett Iron Company.
Very little work has been done here, and the condition of the mine,
both as to drainage and ventilation, was good. They have got the
slope down one lift, and in The coming spring a fan will be erected
to furnish ventilation for the slope and the upper drift.
Cambria Mines. Th^se mines are operated by the United Collieries
Company, and like the rest have worked very little during the year.
Xo. 1 mine was run for a short time during the summer. No. 3, the
shaft mine, was only worked part of the year, and I found the ventila-
tion and drainage very goofL They are making preparations here
for an inclined plane inside the mine, and when this is completed
it will save hauling the empties up a very steep hill, and do away
with the present mode of running the loaded cars down the hill,
^^ hich will be a decided improvement.
Elmira ]\fine. Tliis ii a small mine operated by the Fluke Mining
Company, and on my last visit I found them working twelve min-
ers with no certificated foreman, and called the attention of the
company to this fact, and now they are working fewer than ten
miners.
Eureka Mine. Opei ated by James Allen, and employing about
twelve miners. Only -t little business has been done, as they com-
menced work only in the latter part of the year. The ventilation
18
554 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
was fair, the exhaust steam from a i^ump serving for ventilatiou
at present.
Finley and Coald\le Mines. These are small mines and run very
irregularly, and are operate*! by G. Mclntyre, and employ from six-
teen to twenty miners. Could never find them at work when I was
ill that neighborhood.
Cunard Shaft. Operated by the Cunard Coal Company. They have
not done much work ihe past year. This is a very old and exten-
sive mine, and they have seA^eral verj^ «teep roads to go up, and
aie building an incline plane so as to do away with pulling up these
steep hills. The ventilation of the mine was good, but the main
hauling road was in very poor condition as regards drainage. A
Brazil fan is used for ventilating the mine, but it is not very effec-
tive, owing to the contracted space leading from the fan into the
mine.
Harve}^ Slope Mine. Operated by the Harvej' Mining Company.
This mine was worked very irregularly during the year. They have
reached the bottom of the basin and are now driving headings along
the basin and developing the property. The mine was found in
good condition both Ik.,!- ventilation and drainage.
Brown's Mine. Thi-s mine is operated by Sweet & Brown, and is a
very extensive one, and when running full their production is about
six hundred tons per day. They have, however, done very little
business during the p:ist year, owing to poor trade. The ventilation
o^ the mine was good, as they cut into the old Riddlesburg workings
at intervals, and this brings the air current to the face of the work.
A Brazil fan is used for ventilation, and the tail rope S3'stem for
hauling the coal out ' f the mine. They have had great difficulty
v/ith a very poor roof, but at the face of the workings they now seem
t'» be getting into a better roof which is a source of much satisfac-
tion to those in charge of the mine.
Mt. Equity Mine. Th's mine is operated by the Kemble Iron Com-
pany and is a very old and extensive one, and the present workings
are about a mile from the drift mouth, and on the top of a. steep
hill, with a basin beyond. On my first visit I found the ventilation
very poor, as it was impossible by means of their furnace to ven-
tilate the workings in the basin, so I requested the manager to put
in a fan, and he put in a IG-foot Brazil fan. On my last visit the
condition of tlie mine was very good as regards ventilation, and I
believe they will in future have no more trouble on that score.
4 Benedict Mine. Operated by W. W. Reed. This mine like the rest
has worked only a part of the year, and is not a very large one. The
old mine is mostly confined to pillar work, and is nearly worked
out The new mine has been developed considerably during the
year, and a great many rooms opened up. A small furnace was
No. 11. TENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT. 555
built, and the ventilation of the mine was very fair, during the year.
They are now putting nn opening into the seam above, and the coal
lookf- very promising.
Huntingdon Mine. Operated by W. H. Sweet. The old mine is a
long distance in, with very low roads, and the ventilation was poor.
A new mine has been put in which will cut off all the old work, and
shorten the haul. The condition of the mine at the beginning of the
year was very fair, but on .subsequent visits it was very poor, and
these in charge were endeavoring to drive to the outcrop on top of
(the hill. When this is done, and a shaft put down and furnace
erected, there will h^ some chance to ventilate the mine, and this
is expected to be done very early the coming year.
Ocean Mine. This mine is operated by W. H. Sweet, and is getting
in a long distance. The coal is very low and hard, and a great deal
of shooting has to bt ('one. The mine, in the early part of the year
was in a fair condition as regards ventilation. On my other visits
the ventilation was poor, and they were trying to drive into and
make a connection with the Fisher mine above, and if this can be
done before spring and a furnace shaft put down and furnace built,
there is no reason wliy they cannot have a good mine. One great
drawback in the ventilation of the greater number of these mines
on Shoups Run is thai the coal is so thin and the rock to be blasted
is so thick, that proper airways cannot be driven and the air con-
fined as it can be in vuines where no rock is to be blasted. The vein
here is less than throe feet thick, and the roads, both headings and
rooms, are five feet high, and the roof is of very hard sandrock.
Fisher Mine. Operated by E. Eichelberger. This is a small mine
and working the same vein as Ocean Mine, and the conditions here
are a little better as the coal is easier worked, and the vein more
regular. The ventilation and drainage of the mine were very fair,
and they are driving ^o the outcrop. When this is accomplished it
v/ill make an improvement in its condition.
Hickes Mine. This -s only a small operation, and has done very
little work during the past year, as they only supply a few local
orders.
Robertsdale Mine, "^his mine and Woodvale Shaft are owned and
operated by the Rockhill Iron Company, and they have done very
little business during the year. Robertsdale is a very extensive
mine, and the production when running full is from six to seven
hundred tons jier day. The coal is hauled out by the tail rope sys-
tem. The ventilation and drainage of tlie mine have been good dur-
ing the year, and cor fiderable work has been done in draining a
part of the mine that had to be pumped heretofore. Now they are
driving a heading with the idea of tapi>ing a lai'ge body of water
556 REPORTS OF THE INSPECTORS OF MINES. Off. Doc.
b. ing in the old workings, and when this is accomplished, it will give
theuj coal to work that has been for a long time under water.
Woodvale Shaft. The work at this mine has been very intermit-
tent during the year. I had a chance to visit it it only once
and then I found the ventilation and drainage good. The
workings here take in a large quantity of water, and large pumps
are needed to keep it clear. A very large lodgment for water has
been made, and the 'nine is now in good shape for a large produc-
tion of coal. The ventilation of this mine and Robertsdale is
effected by means of Rrazil fsns, and they both do good work, for the
headings and air ways of both mines are of large area. Everythin?^
about these mines is W^W looked after.
No. 11.
TENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
557
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562
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Official Docume^i, No. 11.
INDEX.
Page.
MINING STATISTICS v
Aggregate production of Anthracite coal '^'
Aggregate production of Bituminous coal v
Average annual production of Anthracite coal per employe for five years v
Aggregate production of Bituminous coal . ^'
Average annual production of Bituminous coal per employe for five years vi
Summary of fatal accidents for five years, vl
Summary of non-fatal accidents for five years vi
Percentage of fatal and non-fatal accidents for the number employed vii
Production of coal and coke by districts for five years viii
Number of employes by districts for five years ix
Production of Anthracite coal and number of employes by counties for five years, ... x
Production of Bituminous coal and number of employes by counties for five years, .. xi
Days in operation of Anthracite collieries 'for seven years xii-xxvii
Days in operation of Bituminous collieries for seven years, xxviii-liii
FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT 1
Quantity of coal produced 1
Number of accidents fatal and non-fatal 1
Quantity of coal produced per life lost 1
Production of coal by each company, 2
Number of fatal aecident.s amongst employes of each company 3
Cla.ssiflcation of accidents 4
Occupations of persons killed and injured 4
Nationality of persons killed and injured 4
Mine improvements for 1894 4-7
Illustration of drum and fan 6
Pillar robbing '''-11
LiickawBnna mine fire 11-14
Names of persons who were recommended for mine foremen's certificates, 15
Des-cription of f.jtal accidents 15-35
Notes of testimony in coroners' Inquest 35-49
Table No. 1— Showing location, etc., of collieries 50-51
Table No. 2--Giving total number of tons of coal mined, number days worked, number
employes, etc 52-54
Table No. ;!— Giving number of each class of employes at each colliery, etc 55-57
Tabic No. 4-I.ist of fatal accidents 58-60
Tabic No. 5— Ijist of non fatal accidents 61-64
SECOND ANTHRACITE DISTRICT : 65
Synopsis of report 6j
Quantity of cofi". mined per fatal accident 65
Names of persons qualified to hold certihcates as ?nine foremen 65-66
Table No. 1-I>ist of fatal accidents 67-69
Table No. 2--Lir.t of non-fatal accidents 70-74
Table No. 3— Number of employes 75-76
Table Nc. 4— Number of tons of coal mined, number of employes at each eolliery, etc., 77-82
THIRD ANTHRACITE DISTRICT 83
Synopsis of report 83
Tons of co-il mined by each company 83-84
Number of fatal accidents and Ions of coal produced for each life lost 84
Number of ncn-f.o.tttl accidents and tons of coal produced per accident 85
Classification of nccidents 86
568 INDEX. Off. Doc
Page.
Occupation and nationality of persons killed or injured 86
Condition of mines, 86-89
Description of accidi?nts 89-91
Draining water cut of mine shafts 91-92
Collie:-y improvements for 1594 92-94
Plan of electric haulage, etc 94
De.scription of same 94-97
Description of breaker fire 97-98
Table No. 1— Location, etc., of collieries 99-100
Table No 2— Quantity of coal mined, number of days worked, number of em-
ployes, etc., 101-103
Table No. 3— Number cf each clas.^ of employes, etc 104-106
Table No. 4— List ot fatal accidents, etc ; 107-109
Table No. 5--I.ist of non-faial accidentK 110-115
FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT 117
Tons of ccal mined by 'fach company 1X94 .■ 117
Number of fatal accidents and tons of coal mined per life lost 118
Number of non-fatal accidents and tons of coal mined per serious injury 118
CJasKification of causes of accidents 119
Description of collieries 119-133
Colliery improvements for 1894 133-136
Sketch of Buttonwood colliery 136-138
Continuation of improvements 13S-140
Sketch of a breaker fire 140-141
A fortunate escape of a party of visitors to a colliery 141-143
Description of electricity from a surface trolley road being discovered in a mine,
with tables showing experiments, etc., 143-148
Description of a gas explosion probably due to a current from a trolley road, 149-151
Exan.ination of applicants for mine foremen's certificates 151
Names of successful applicants 151
Accidents during the year with illustration 152-156
Table No. 1— Location, etc., of collieries, 157
Table No. 2--Number tons of coal mined, number days worked, number of acci-
dents, etc 1.5S-160
Tabl" No. 3— Number of each class of employes, etc 161-163
Table No. 4— List of fatal accidents 164-169
Recapitulation of fatal accidents 169
Table No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents 170-180
Recapitulation of non-fatal accidents 180
FIFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT 181
Production of coal in tons for 1894, 181
Num.ber of lives lost during year ISl
Number of non-fatal accidents 181
Number of tons of coal produced per each fatality 181
Tons of coal mined by each company, 182
Number of fatalities and quantity of coal mined i)er life lost by each company, ... If?
Number of non-fatal accidents and quantity of coal mined per non-fatality by each
comiii'.ny 183-184
Natirnality of persons killed and injured 185
Classificalion of accidents 185
Comparative summary of accidents to numlior of employes for fifteen years 186
Improvements to collieries during year 187-189
Perrons who received certificates as mine foremen and assistants 189
Fatal accidents and their causes for 1894 190-194
Description of fatal powder explosion 195-196
Table No. 1— Showing location, etc., of collieries 197-198
Table No. 2— Number tons of coal mined, number days worked, number employes, etc, 199-202
Table No. 3--Number of each class of employes, etc., 203-207
Table No. 4-List of fatal accidents 208-214
Table No. 5— liist of non-fatal accidents 215-222
SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT 223
Synoj.sls of report 223
List of successful applicants for mine foremen's certificates 223
Fatal accidents and carelessness of workmen deplored as the iirimary cause 223-225
Classification of accidents, ami nationalities of those killed or injured 225
No. 11. INDEX. 569
Page.
Comparalive statement of accidents for years 1893-1894 225
Number of fatal accidents and quantity of coal produced by each company per each
life lost 226-227
Comparative statement of fatal and non-fatal ca.<!ualties and their causes for five
y^'ars 228-229
Number of persons employed inside and outside the mines and their occupations, 230
Description of an apparatus for detecting the presence of gas in mines 231-233
Description of a colliery fire with illustration 233-242
Table No. 1— Location, etc.. of collieries 243
Table No. 2— Number of tons of coal mined, number days worked, etc 244-245
Table No. 3~Number of employes, etc 246-247
Table No. 4— List of fatal accidents 248-253
Table No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents 254-2.59
SEVrjNTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT 261
Synopsis of report 261
Number tons of coal mined, number of fatal and non-fatal accidents 261
Examination of applicants for ccrtificatts as mine foremen, 261-262
Condition of collieries,
262
Description of a colliery fire with illustration 262-263
Description of a boiler explosion 264
Comparative statement of fatal and non-fatal casualties 264-266
Table No. 1— Location, etc., of collieries 267
Table No. 2— Number tons of coal mined, number of days worlced, etc 268-269
Table No. 3— Number of employes, etc 270-271
Table No. 4— List of fatal accidents 272-274
Table No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents 275-277
EIGHTH ANTHRACITE DLSTRICT 279
Synopsis of report showing production, number of fatal and non-fatal accidents, etc, 279
Condition of collieries 279-280
Description of a mine fire 280-281
Improvements to collieries during 1894 2S1-287
Persons recommended for mine foremen' s certificates 288
Table showing production of coal by each company and number of fatal accidents
for each company's employes 3g8
Summary for year, 289
Classification of accidents for 1894 289-290
Table No. 1— Location, etc., of collieries 291-292
Table No. 2--Number of tons of coal mined, number of days worked, etc 293-295
Table No. 3--Number of employes, etc 296-297
Table No. 4— List of fatal accidents, 298-299
lable No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents 300-301
FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT 305
Synopsis of report 3Q5
Monthly reports of accidents 305
Causes of accidents,
306
Statistics of production, etc 306-307
Prosecutions for violations of mine laws 307-309
Summary of report 309-310
Description of mines 310-323
323-329
Description of accidents,
Table No. 1—IjOcation, etc., of collieries 330-331
Table No. 2— Number of tons of coal mined, number of days worked, etc 332-333
Table No. 3--Number of employes, etc 334-335
Table No. 4— List of fatal accidents 335
Table No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents 337-339
SECOND BITUMINOUS DISTRICT, 34I
Synopsis of report 3,^
Number and causes of accidents 341-342
Summarj- of report 343-344
Descriptions and improvements of mines ..344-357
Table No. 1—Lncation, etc., of collieries 3.58-359
Table No. 2-Numher of tons of coal mined, number of days worked, etc 360-361
Table No. 3— Number of employes, etc 362-363
Table No. 4— List of fatal accidents 364-367
Table No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents 368-369
570 INDEX. Off. Doc.
Page.
THIRD BITUMINOUS DISTRICT 371
Synopsis of report 371
Brief description of fatal accidents 371-373
Causes of accidents for 1894, 373
Table showing production of coal, etc., 373
Remarks on the state of trade 374-375
Improvements at mines during year 375-376
Description of mines, 376-386
Table No. 1— Location, etc., of collieries 387-338
Table No. 2— Number of tons of coal mined, number of days worked, etc 3S9 391
Table No. 3— Number of employes, etc 392-393
Table No. 4-List of fatal accidents 394-397
Table No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents 398
FOURTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT 399
Synopsis of report 399
Statistics of production, etc 400
Classification of accidents 400
Description of mines, 400-406
Report of Cottage State Hospital 406
Table No. l--Location, etc., of collieries, 40t
Table No. 2— Number of tons of coal mined, number of days worked, etc 40S-409
Table No. 3— Number of employes, etc., 410-411
Table No. 4~List of fatal accidents 412
Table No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents 413-414
FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT 415
Synopsis of report, 415-417
Comparative table of production, etc. . between years 1893 and 1894 418
Attorney General's opinion as to the qualification of mine foremen 419-421
Description of a coal cutting machine, 421-426
Description of mines 426-439
Table No. 1— Location, etc., of collieries 440-441
Table No. 2— Number of tons of coal mined, number of days worked, etc 442-443
Table No. 3— Number of employes, etc 444-445
Table No. 4— List of fatal accidents 446
Table No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents 447-449
SIXTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT 451
Synopsis of report 451
Causes of accidents, 451-452
Summary of production, etc. , 452-453
Improvements in mining 4.53-455
Condition of mines 4ii5-462
Table No. 1— Location, etc., of collieries 463-464
Table No. 2— Number of tons of coal mined, number of days worked, etc 465-467
Table No. 3— Number of employes, etc., 468-469
Table No. 4— List of fatal accidents, 470-471
Table No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents 472-473
SEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT 475
Synopsis of report 475-476
Table of production, etc 477
Causes of accidents 477
Description of mines 477-488
Description of fatal accidents, 488-491
Table No. l--Location, etc., of collieries 492-493
Table No. 2— Number of tons of coal mined, number of days worked, etc 494-495
Table No. 3 -Number of employes, etc 49G-497
Table No. 4-List of fatal accidents 498
Table No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents 499-500
EIGHTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT 501
Synopsis of report 501
Table of production, etc 502
Accidents and their cau.ses 502
Report of Cottage State Hospital, Phillipsburg, Centre county 502-r,03
Plates illustrating an electric mining plant in use in Kighth district 503
Table No. 1— Location, etc., of collieries, 504-505
No. 11. • INDEX. 571
Page.
Table No. 2— Number of tons ef coal mined, number of days worked, etc 506-307
Table No. 3— Number of employes, etc 508-509
Table No. 4--List of fatal accidents 510-511
Table No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents 512-51.'?
NINTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT 515
Synopsis of report 515-516
Causes of accidents, 516
Table of production, etc 516-517
Accident list 517-520
Description of mines 520-531
Report of Cottage State Hospital, Connellsville 531-532
Table No. 1— Location, etc. , of collieries 533-534
Table No. 2— Number of tons of coal mined, number of days worlied. etc 535-536
Table No. 3— Number of employes, etc 537-538
Table No. 4— List of fatal accidents 539
Table No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents .")40-541
TENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT, .543
Synopsis of report 543-544
Summary of statistics 544
Condition of mines, 544-556
Table No. 1— Location, etc., of collieries " 557-558
Table No. 2— Number of tons of coal mined, number of days worlved, etc 559-560
Table No. 3— Number of employes, etc 561-563
Table No. 4--List of fatal accidents 564
Table No. 5— List of non-fatal accidents 565
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