Google
This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world's books discoverable online.
It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books
are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.
Marks, notations and other maiginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the
publisher to a library and finally to you.
Usage guidelines
Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing tliis resource, we liave taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:
+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.
+ Refrain fivm automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.
+ Maintain attributionTht GoogXt "watermark" you see on each file is essential for in forming people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.
+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liabili^ can be quite severe.
About Google Book Search
Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web
at |http: //books .google .com/I
I
>
W
%
■</>
■*»>-'
^^ft,^RA^'^
,US7
ANNUAL REPORT
BOARD OF REGENTS
SMITHSONIAN^ INSTITUTION,
THE OPERATIONS, EXPENMTBRES. ANI) CONDITION
OF THE INSTITUTION
TEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1908.
REPORT
OF THE
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
WASHINGTON:
OOVRRKHENT PRINTINU OFFICB.
1905.
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE PUBLIC PRINTIN(* AND BINDIN(i, AND TH»
DIHTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS.
Approved January 12, 1895.
"Of the Report of the Smithsonian Institution, t*?n thousand copies; one thousand
copies for the Senate, two thousand for the House, tive thousand for distribution In-
the Smithsonian Institution, and two thousand for distribution by the National
Museum."
II
REPORT
OF THE
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM,
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
FOR
TlIK YKAR KNlJlNCil^ .nTNK 30, 1903,
III
I r?r-v^70
•■NCNAL aOOKBINOINe CO.
3C;:..;i 013 c t:h-7n
2 ^ fiDH ^' "-•
4UAUTV CONTROL MARK
REPORT OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM FOR THE YEAR
ENDING JUNE 30, 1903.
SUBJECTS.
I. Report of the Assintant Secretiirj' of the Siuithsouian Institution,
with Appendices.
II. Pupcrs descriptive of Maseuni Huildings.
United States National Museum,
Under direction of the Smithsonian Institution,
Washingfon, OeUiher 1, 1903.
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a report upon the present
ooudition of the United States National Museum, and upon the work
accomplished in its various departments during the fiscal year ending
June 30, li>03.
Very respectfully,
Richard Rathbun,
AsHistiint Secretary ^ in charge of the U. S. National Muaeum.
Mr. S. P. Lang LEY,
Secretary^ Sinithsmmtn lnHtitutio7u
VII
CONTENTS.
Page.
BCTB V
£K OF Transmittal vii
ENT8 IX
OF Illustrations xi
PART 1.
Rkport of the Assistant Secretary.
General Considerations.
museum of record 7
museum of research 9
I e<lucational museum 10
ilditional museum building 12
Summary of the Operations of the Year.
opriations and ex[)enditures 15
lings 16
tions to the collections 17
orations 25
ibution and exchange of spt^cimens 26
irches 28
ress in the installation of the exhibition collections i^
jrs 38
ings and lectures 39
«pondence 40
ligations 41
try 44
Dgraphy 45
eration of the Executive Departments of the Government 45
Louisiana Purchase Exfiosition 45
lization and staff 46
>log>' 47
Rei»ort8 ok Head Curators.
rt on the Department of Anthrojiology for the year ltK)2-3 51
Jifts '. 52
Purchases 54
transfers 54
exchanges 55
xmns 55
/are of the collections 56
explorations 57
Researches 58
Itorage 60
IX
X CONTENTS.
Page.
Ileport on the Department of Biology for the year 1902-3 61
Exhibition collections (31
.Explorations 64
Accessions 65
Work on the study series 71
Loan of collections and cooperation of specialists 74
Distribution of duplicates 7(>
Laboratory use of collections by investigators 76
Scientific researches and publications 77
Expositions vSO
Personnel .si
Report on the Department of Geology for the year 1902-3 83
Accessions H;i
Division of Geology 83
Division of Mineralogy 84
Section of Invertebrate Paleontology 86
Section of Vertebrate Paleontology 86
Section of Paleobotany 86
Routine 86
Exchanges and loans 88
Present condition of collections 88
Research 89
APPENDICES.
L The Museum staff 93
IL List of accepsions 95
IIL Bibliography 143
PART II.
Papers Descriptive ok Muskum Buildings.
The United States National Museum: An account of the buildingfl occupied by
the national collections. By Richard Rathbun 177
Studies of the museums and kindre<l institutions of New York City, Albany,
Buffalo, and Chicago, with notes on some European institutions. By A. H.
Meyer 311
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATES.
t
The United Stater National Museum: An Accx)unt of the Buildings Oocupibd
BY THE National Collectionb.
Bv Richard Rathbun.
Facing page.
1 . North front of the Smithsonian Institution building 177
2. Plan of the Smithsonian park, showing location of the present buildings,
and site of the new Museum building 186
3. The Smithsonian Institution building, viewed from the northwest 195
4. Original ground plans, Smithsonian Institution building 201
5. Main or north entrance of the Smithsonian Institution building 207
6. liower main hall, Smithsonian Institution building 219
7. (ialleries in lower main hall, Smithsonian Institution building 221
H. West range, Smithsonian Institution building 225
9. West hall, Smithsonian Institution building 229
10. Print room, Smithsonian Institution 233
1 1 . Main upper hall, Smithsonian Institution building 235
12. North front, National Museum building 239
13. North front. National Museum building 241
14. Rotunda, National Museum building 243
15. North hall, National Museum building 245
16. South hall, National Museum building 247
17. West hall, National Museum building 249
18. Northeast court, National Museum bui hling 263
19. West-south range, National Museum building 257
20. I..etrture hall. National Museum building 259
21. Tentative Hoor plan, **A," for the new building for the National Museum. 289
22. Tentative floor plan, "B," for the new building for the National Museum. 291
23. Floor plan of the new building for the National Museum 297
24. Plan of basements. National Museum building 309
25. Plan of main floor. National Museum building 309
26. Plan of gallery and second floor. National Museum building 309
27. Plan of third floor, National Museum building 309
28. Plan of l)aj«ement and flrst floor, SniitliHonian Institution building 1^09
29. Plan of second and third floors, Smithsonian Institution building 309
21
XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Stitdies of the Museums and Kindred Institutions op New York City, Albany,
buffau), and cuicago, with notes on some european institutions.
By A. B. Meyek.
Pacini^ page.
1. American Museum of Natural History. General view of the cx>mplet«(l
building as planned 328
2. American Museum of Natural History. Hall of Mexican antiquities 336
3. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Stnences. General view of the projecteil
museum building 338
4. Metro(K>litan Museum of Art 346
5. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Middle hall 349
6. New York Public Library. Sketch of building in course of erection 351
7. Columbia University, New York City. Library building 369
8. New York Clearmg House, New York City 384
9. University Club House, New York City 385
10. State Capitol at Albany. East front 392
11. State Capitol at Albany. West staircase 396
12. State Capitol at Albany. Home education department, with traveling
pictures 400
13. Buffalo Public Library 404
14. Buffalo Public Library. A corner in Children's Room 408
15. Field Columbian Museum. South front 410
16. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Completed portion 430
17. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Main floor 433
18. Chicago Histori(»al Society t 440
19. Art Institute of Chicago 442
20. Original building of the Art Institute of Chicago. ( Now the Chi(«goClub) . 444
21. Art Institute of Chicago. Hall ofSculpture 446
22. Art Institute of Chi(^o. Picture Gallery on first floor 448
23. Art Institute of Chicago. Exhibit of jade objects 450
24. John Crerar Library, Chicago, Illinois 452
25. John Crerar Library. Reading room 454
26. John Crerar Library. Book stacks 456
27. Newberry Library, Chic^o, Illinois 459
28. Chicago Public Library 473
29. Chicago Public Library. A portion of the stairway 474
30. Chicago Public Library. Delivery room 478
31. Chicago Public Library. Large reading room 478
32. University of Chicago. General view of the University buildings, look-
ing from the Midway Plaisance 491
33. Museum of Natural History (part of British Museum), Kensington,
London 522
34. Museum of Natural History, Kensington, London. Entrance hall 524
35. Royal College of Surgeons, London. Hall of comi>arative anatomy 528
36. Municipal Technical School, Manchester, England 545
37. John Ry lands Library, Manchester, England 548
38. University of Minburgh. Old University 554
39. C<>riH>nition Museums and Art Galleries, Glasgow, Si-otland 562
40. Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts 594
* •
LT8T OF ILLHSTBATIONS. XIII
TEXT FIGURES.
Studies of the Museums and Kindred Institutions of New York City, Albany,
Buffalo, and Chicago, with Notes on some European Institutions.
By A. B. Meyer.
Page.
I . American Museum of Natural History. South front 330
'2. American Museum of Natural History. Ground plan 332
3. American Museum of Natural History. Section through the middle axis. 334
4. American Museum of Natural History. Cross section through the oldest
wing :I35
5. American Museum of Natural History. Floor plan of the Mexican hall.. 335
6. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. A comer in the room devoted
to Botany MO
7. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Plan of first floor of the projected
building 341
8. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Finisheii portion of the museum
(1897) 342
9. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Picture gallery 344
10. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Plan of first floor ^ 347
11. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Plan of second floor 348
12. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Sketch of completed building as planned . 349
13. New York Public Library. Plan of basement 352
14. New York Public Library. Plan of first floor 353
15. New York Public Library. Plan of second floor^ 354
16. New York Public Librarj'. Plan of third floor 356
17. Columbia University. General plan of university buildings 359
18. Columbia University. Plan of first floor of library 369
19. Columbia University. Seminar rooms on third floor of library 370
20. Columbia University. Ground plan of seminar rooms shown in fig. 19. . . 372
2L Fire-proof policy room of the New York Life Insurance Coin[)any 380
22. Another portion of the room shown in fig. 21 ,'i81
23. Ground plan of the room shown in figs. 21 , 22 382
24. Docimient case, with double-roller curtain 382
25. Case for folio volumes, with roller curtain and books on rollers 38i^
26. Long, low case, or desk top, with marble lyase. 0{>ening behind 384
27. Ceiling and floor constniction 386
28. Prismatic, ribbed-glass unit of the American Luxfer Prism Company 388
29. Single prism, as made by the American Luxfer Prism Company 388
30. Course of ray of light through a parallel glass 389
31 . Course of ray of light through a prism 389
32. Field Columbian Museum. Plan of ground floor 412
33. Field Columbian Museum. Plan of gallery 413
34. Field Columbian Museum. Case with movable partition 421
.'V>. Field Columbian Museum. Top and partition of case shown in fig. 34 422
36. Field Columbian Museum. TyiM's of c«ses and racks 423
37. Fiel<l Columbian Museum. Typen of cases and racks 424
38. Field Columbian Museum. TyiK»s of cases and ra(;ks 425
39. Field Columbian Museum. I lerbariuni c^m 426
40. Chicago Academy of Scriences. Plan of second fioor 432
41. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Plan of thinl or gallery floor (in partn) . . . 433
42. Chi(;ago Academy of Sciences. Cross section along the line A B shown in
fig. 41 4;w
43. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Case showing fossils 437
XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
44. Art Institute of Chicago. Crofls section 444
45. Art Institate of Chicago. Firet-floor plan 445
46. Art Institate of Chicago. »Second-floor plan 446
47. Newberry Library. Principal entrance 461
48. Newberry Library. Plan of basement 462
49. Newberry Library. Plan of first floor 462
60. Newberry Library. Plan of second floor 463
61. Newberry Library. Plan of third floor 463
62. Newberry Library. Plan of fourth floor 464
63. Newberry Library. Catalogue case 468
64. Newberry Library. Catalogue in book fomi ( Rudolph index book) 470
56. Chicago Public Library. Plan of first floor 475
66. Chicago Public Library. Plan of second floor 475
67. Chicago Public Library. Plan of third floor 476
68. Fisher Building, Chicago, northeast comer of Van Buren and Dearborn
streets : 480
69. Chicago Public Library. Steel construction between the floors 481
60. Chicago Public Library. A fireproof vault : 482
6L Plan of ventilating plant (Chicago Telephone Company) 484
62. Plan of ventilating plant. (Chicago Telephone Company) 484
63. Plan of ventilating plant. (Chicago Telephone Company ) 485
64. Plan of ventilating pl^mt. (Chicago Telephone Company ) 485
66. Chicago Public Library. Part of iron book stsuck 486
66. Chicago Public Library. Series of book stacks 487
67. Chicago Public Library. Closable alcove 488
68. Chicago Public Library. Book racks for folios 489
69. University of Chicago. Walker Museum 492
70. University of Chicago. Haskell Oriental Museum 493
71. University of Chicago. Kent Chemical Laboratory 494
72. University of Chicago. Ryerson Physical Laboratory 495
73. University of Chicago. Hull biological laboratories. (Physiological and
anatomical) 496
74. University of Chicago. Hull biological laboratories. (Zoological an<l
botanical) 498
75. University of Chicago. Hull Physiological I^aboratory 499
76. University of Chicago. Yerkes Astronomical 01)servat<)ry 500
77. University of Chicago. The great telescope at the Yerkes Observatory. . . 501
78. University of Chicago. Cobb I^ecture Hall 50,S
79. University of Chicago. Hitchcock Hall. Dormitory for male students. . 505
80. University of Chicago. Dormitories for female students 505
81. Museum of Natural History, London. Plan of ground floor 522
82. Museum of Natural History, London. Plans of upi>er floors 523
83. Museum of Natural History, London. Side gallery containing fossil rei>-
tiles. Skeleton of an Iguanodon in the foreground 525
84. University Museum, Oxford. Ethnographical section. (Pitt Rivers col-
lection) 533
85. University Museum, Oxford. (Pitt Rivers collection. ) A comer of upper
gallery 5i^
86. Owens College, Manchester, England. Manchester Museum. First floor. 542
87. Owens College, Manchester, England. Manchester Museum. 8ec<jnd
floor and galleries 542
88. Municipal Technical School, Manchester, England. Plan of first floor . . . 546
89. John Ry lands Library, Manchester, England. Plan of second floor 550
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XV
nivereity of Edinburgh. Part of new university 654
niveraity of Edinburgh. Anatomical inuBeura 655
.U8eum of Science and Art, Pklinburgh, Scotland. Plan of first floor 557
iuseum of Sc*ience and Art, Edinburgh. West hall (engineering section) 558
[useuin of Science and Art, Edinburgh. East hall (natural history) 558
[useum of Strience and Art, PMinburgh. (art) 559
[useum of Science and Art, Edinburgh, (art) 559
ational Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh, Scotland 561
arporation Museums and Art (Galleries, Glasgow, Scotland. Plan of first
floor 563
orporation Museums and Art (Galleries, Glasgow, Scotland. Plan of
second floor 564
Corporation Museums and Art Galleries, (ilasgow, Scotland. Arrange-
ment of heating and ventilating installation 566
Corporation Museums and Art Galleries, Glasgow, Scotland. Arrange-
ment of heating and ventilating installation 567
Corporation Museums and Art Galleries, Glat^>w, Scotland. Arrange-
ment of heating and ventilating installation 568
City Technical School and Free Public Museums, Liverpool, England... 571
Free Public Museums, Liverpool, England. Plan of lower fl(X)r 573
Frve Public Museums, Liverpool, Epgland. Plan of upper floor 573
Free I^iblic Museums, Liverpool. One of the longitudinal galleries of
the upper floor in new building 574
Free Public Museums, Liverpool. One of the longitudinal galleries of
the lower floor in new building 575
National Library of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland .w 578
Science and Art Museums, Dublin, Ireland. Natural history building .. 579
Nrience and Art Museums, Dublin, Ireland. Hall of the zoological
<iepartment 580
Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. Collation of comparative
anatomy. First floor of the * ' ( Jaleries d' Anatomic * * 587
Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. Collecticm of paleontology
and anthri)pology. Second floor of the "(taleries d* Anatomic*' 588
Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. Part of the anthropological
collection. (jJaliery of secrmd fl<x>r of the 'HTaleries d'Anatomie" ...^ 589
Library of Saint ( Jenevicve, Paris, France 594
Royal Museum of Natural History, Brussels, Belgium. One of the long
sides of the building 597
Royal MuscMim of Natural History, Brussels, Belgium. Narrow side of
Imilding, with entrance 598
Etoyal Museum of Natural History, Brussels, Belgium. Large lower hall. 599
Prr)vincial Museum, Hanover, (Tcrmany 604
Provin<'ial Museum, Hanover, Geniianv. Plan of second storv H05
Provincial Museum, Hanover, (Jermany. A room on the second story.. 606
■
r»^KT I.
REPORT UPON THE CONDITION AND PKOiJHESS OF THE
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM DURING THE YEAR
ENDING JUNE 30, 1903.
BY
RICHARD RATHBUN,
ASSISTANT 8ISCRKTAKV OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITl'TION,
IN CHARGE OF THE V. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
\
NAT MU8 1903 1
}
REPORT
UPON
THE CONDITION AND PROGRESS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1903.
BY
RiciiAKi) Ratiibux,
AifjfiMfwt Secreiurtj of the Smiiliaonum InstUuliwij in rhartjeof the XL S. National Miiseuvu
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.
The United States National Museum had its origin in the act of
Congress of 1846 founding the Smithsonian Institution, which made
the formation of a museum one of the principal functions of the
latter, and provided that —
Whenever suitable arrangements can be made from time to time for their recep-
tion, all objects of art and of foreign and curious research, and all objects of natural
history, plants, and geological and mineralogical specimens lielonging to the United
States, which may be in the city of Washington, in whosesom'cr custody they may
be, shall >>e delivered to such persons as may h% autliorized by the Board of Regents
to receive them, and shall be so arranged and classified in the building erected for
the Institution as best to facilitate the examination and study of them; and when-
ever new specimens in natural history, geology, or mineralogy are obtained for the
museum of the Institution, by exchanges of duplicate specimens, which the Regents
may in their discretion make, or by <lonation, which they may receive, or otherwise,
the Regents shall cause such new specimens to be appropriately classe<l and arranged.
The principal and accumulated interest of the Smithsonian fund
amounted at that time to about $750,000, a sum considered ample to
meet the needs of the various operations in which it was proposed that
the Smithsonian Institution should engage. In 1846 probably not
more than one or two universities or learned establishments in Amer-
ica had so large an endowment, and it was apparently the idea of
CongrCvSs that the fund was sufficient l>oth for the erection of a build-
ing and for the care of the collections which would be turned over
to it or acquired by the national surveys, and in other ways. The
Museum thus began as an integral part of the Institution, coordinate
with its library, and was required bv law to provide for the Govern-
ment collections which had previously accumulated, a duty which the
3
4 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Institution did not see its way clear to fultill until 1858, when Con-
gress began to make small j^early appropriations to aid in this purpose.
So inadequate, however, were the sums voted that for many years the
slender income of the Institution continued to ]x> di-awn upon to insure
the maintenance of what was then justly called the Smithsonian
Museum, since the building was paid for out of the Smithson fund, a
considerable portion of the collections was and still is the property of
the Institution, through exploration and gift, and a number of the offi-
cials connected with the Museum were employed at its expense.
The first scientific collection to come into the possession of the Insti-
tution — and, in fact, it accompanied the ]>equest — was the small but
valuable mineralogical cabinet of James Smithson, the founder, who
was himself a chemist and mineralogist of repute and a Fellow of the
Royal Society of London.
The nucleus of the National Museum was, however, virtually acciuired
by the National Institute, a society organized in Washington about
1840, having for its avowed purpose the direction of the Smitlison
bequest and the pursuit of objects in consonance with the teniis of that
foundation. One of these objects w^as the gathering of liistorical and
natui*al history specimens from both oflicial and private sources, most
prominent among the former having been the United States Exploring
Expedition around the world from 1838 to 1842. Kooms in the Patent
Office building were secured for the museum of the society, which was
practically recognized as the appropriate place of deposit for all Gov-
ernment collections retained in Washington. Another important serv-
ice rendered by the society was, as the late Dr. G. Brown Goode has
said, in the direction of educating public opinion "to consider the
establishment of such an institution worthy of the Government of the
United States." Failing, however, to secure the public recognition at
which it aimed, it became inactive upon the establishment of the Smith-
sonian Institution in 1846, and its charter, which expired in 1861, was
not renewed. The Government collections in its possession, which
came practically under the care of the Commissioner of Patents, were
turned over to the Smithsonian Institution in 1858. Other material
directly under the control of the National Institute remained at the
Patent Office until 1862, and a part of the historical objects were held
there until 1883.
Previous to 1858, however, important materials for a museum were
being accumulated at the Smithsonian Institution, at it^ own cost and
through the activities of its assistant secretary. Prof. Spencer F.
Baird, beginning even before his appointment to that office in 1850.
The personal bent of Professor Baird was toward the collection of
natural history specimens for purposes of study. With the approval
of Secretary Henry he put into opei'ation plans foi- the accomplish-
ment of this object, which, fostered and encoumged, were soon yield-
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 5
ing regular and abundant returns. Professor Baird's own vacations
were spent in field work. Officers of the Army and Navy and of other
branches of the Government service, fishermen, fur ti-aders, private
explorers, and such powerful organizations as the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany and the Western Union Telegraph Company, were enlisted in
the work and rendered valuable assistance. The influence exerted by
these beginnings hiis been lasting and widespread, as shown in the
extensive natural history operations of subsequent National and State
surveys, the organization of the Fish Commission and Bureau of Eth-
nology, and the support given to scientific collecting by many other
bureaus of the Government.
The discussion of plans for the organization of the Smithsonian
Institution, which devolved upon the first Board of Regents, led, in
January, 1847, to the unanimous adoption of the following resolution
expressing approval of the museum feature as one of its important
functions:
Remlved, That it is the intention of the act of Congress establishing the Institution,
and in accordance with the design of Mr. Rmithson, as expressed in his will, that
one of the principal modes of executing the act and the trust is the accumulation of
colleirtions of specimens and objects of natural history and of elegant art, and the
gradual formation of a library of valuable works pertaining to all departments of
human knowledge, to the end that a cx)pious storehouse of materials of science,
liu*rature, and art may l)e provided, which shall excite and diffuse the love of learn-
ing among men, and shall assist the original investigations and efforts of those who
may devote themselves to the pursuit of any branch of knowledge. «
The policy thus announced has prevailed to the present day.
In 1879, when most of the existing Government surveys, whose
work included the collecting of specimens in the field, had been estab-
lished, Congress deemed it important to pmctically reenforce the pro-
visions of the act founding the Institution, in order that there might
be no doubt as to the proper disposition of the material certain to be
derived from thase various sources, by the following enactment in the
sundry civil appropriation act for 1880:
All collections of rocks, minerals, soils, fossils, and objects of natural history,
archeology, and ethnology, made by the Coast and Interior Sur\'ey, the (feological
Sorvey, or by any other parties for the Government of the United States, when no
longer needed for investigations in progress shall l>e deposited in the National
Masenm.
Although the name ''National Museum" was sometimes used in the
earlier reports of the Smithsonian Institution, it did not appear in any
of the laws of Congress until 1875. Its general employment may be
said to date from the time of the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition
of 1876, the first exposition in this country in which the Government
participated, and the first to make known to vast numbers of the
people of the United States the existence of national collections at
" • _ _ — - -- -
^ Report of Committee on Organization, p. 20.
6 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Washington, as well as new methods of installing and exhibiting
niuseinn materials, differing radically from the older cabinets of col-
lege or local nmsemns, which had prevailed up to that period. After
its close the Government exhibits brought back to Washington,
together with the extensive gifts made to the United States by private
persons and foreign governments, rendered necessary the early erec-
tion of a new and separate building, devoted entirely to museum
purposes. Since that time Congress has mainly provided for the
maintenance of the Museum, but its management remains, by the
fundamental act, under the authority of the Regents of the Smithso-
nian Institution, administered through their Secretar\ , w ho is ax ojfficlo
the keeper — a form of government insuring a consistent and uniform
policy and a nonpartisan administration of its affairs. The* greater
part of the Smithsonian building is still used for museum pui*poses,
and the Institution, as well as most of the scientific bureaus at Wash-
ington, cooperate, both through men and material, in enlarging and
caring for the national collections.
The scope of the National Museum as defined by law comprises
practically all branches of science and of the arts which admit of
museum treatment. With exceedingly limited means for making pur-
chases, and therefore almost entirely dc^pendent as to the character
of its collections upon Oovernment explorations, personal donations,
and exchanges, its different departments have had a very unequal
growth. The subjects best represented are American ethnolog}- and
archeology, geology, zoology, and l)otany. A fair begiiming has l>een
made in the exceedingly important branches of the industrial arts
and American history, and scarcely more is required to place these
two departments on a proper basis than sufiicient room to display
the necessary collections, which are certain to be rec^eived, in greater
part through gratuitous contributions, when it is known that the
Museum is prepared to care for them. In the department of the fine
arts the collection is still very small, but the subject is one which
must sooner or later receive earnest consideration by the (foveriunent.
The specimens in all branches are classified in two serit\s; one, com-
prising the bulk of the material, being arranged for the purposes of
scientific research and reference in laboratories and storerooms, to
which students are freeh' admitted; the other, selected with regjird to
their general educational value and public interest, and accompanied
by descriptive labels, ]>eing displayed in glass-covered cases in the
public halls. The duplicate specimens not required for exchanges
are made up into sets for distribution to schools and colleges, as
opportunity offers. Papers descriptive of the collections, both tech-
nical and popular, are published for gratuitous circulation to the
extent of three or more volumes vearlv, and, finallv, the Museum
has come to be regarded as a bure^iu of information in respect to all
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 7
.subjects with which it is even in the remotest degree concerned, the
correspondence which this involves now constituting one of its heaviest
tasks.
The history of the Museum, as pointed out by the late Dr. Goode,
may be divided into three epochs, which he characterized as follows:
Firnt, the j)eri(Kl from the foundation of the Smithsonian Institution to 1857, dur-
ing which time Hj)e<!imen8 were collected solely to serve as materials for research.
No sjiecrial effort was made to exhibit them to the public or to utilize them, except
aH a foundation for scientific description and theory.
Second, the perioil from 1857, when the Institution assumed the custody of the
•'National Cabinet of Curiosities," to 1876. During this period the Museum l)ecame
a place of deposit for scientific collections which had already been studied, these col-
lections, so far as convenient, Xmng exhibited to the public and, so far as practicable,
made to serve an educational purpose.
Third, the present period (!)eginning in tlie year 1876), in which the Museum has
undertaken more fully the additional task of gathering collections and exhibiting
them on account of their value from an educational stand]X)int.
During the first perio<l the main object of the Museum was scientific research; in
the second, the establishment lx*c«me a museum of record as well as of research,
while in the third period has been added the idea of jmblic education. The three
ideas — reconl, research, and education — cooperative and mutually helpful as they
are, are essential to the development of every great nmseum. The National Museum
endeavors to promote them all.
In the same connection, Dr. Goode also defined the scope and objects
of the Museum in the following concise manner:
It is a museum of record, in which an? preserved the material foundations of an
enormous amount of scnentitit; knowledge — the tyjxjs of numerous past investigations.
This is especially the case with those Tiiaterials that have starved as a foundation for
the reports upon the resources of the United States.
It is a museum of researt^h, which aims to make its contents serve in the highest
degree as a stimulus to inquiry and a foundation for scientific investigation. Research
is necessary in order to identify and group the objects in the most ])hilosophi(»al and
ingtmctive relations, and its officers are therefore selecteil for their ability an investi-
gators, as well as for their trustworthiness as custodians.
It is an educational museum, through its policy of illustrating by specimens ever^'
kind of natural object and every manifestation of human thought and activity, of
displaying descriptive lalxjls adapted to the popular mind, and of distributing its
publications and its named series of <luplicates.
AS A MUSEUM OF RE(X)RD.
In its function as a museum of record the growth of the National
Museum has been unprecedented, due mainly to the rapid exploration
and development of a rich and extensive country under the liberal
and progressive policy of the Government. From scientific institu-
tions throughout the world, from foreign governments, and from indi-
viduals abundant stores of great value have been received, either as
gifts or through the medium of exchange of specimens, and a small
appropriation in recent years has permitted of some purchases to
supply desiderata.
8 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
The principal sources of the collections may be briefly suninmrized
as follows:
1. The explorations carried on more or less directly under the
auspices of the Smithsonian Institution, or })y the Institution in con-
nection with educational institutions or commercial establishments
and the efforts, since 1850, of its officers and correspondents toward
the accumulation of natural histor}' and anthropological material.
2. The United States Exploring Expedition around the world from
1838 to 1842, the North Paciiic, or Perry, Exploring Expedition from
1853 to 1856, and many subsequ(»nt naval expeditions down to and
including the recent operations in the West Indian and Philippine
waters.
3. The activities of members of the United States diplomatic and
consular service abroad.
4. The Government surveys at home, such as the Paciiic Railroad
surveys, the Mexican and Canadian boundary- surveys, and tlic surveys
carried on by the Engineer Corps of the U. S. Army; and the activi-
ties of officers of the Signal Corps, and other branches of the Anny
stationed in remote regions.
5. The explorations of the U. S. Geological Survey, the l^ S. Fish
Commission, the Department of Agriculture, the Ikireau of Americjui
Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution, and other scientitic branches
of the Government.
6. Donations and purchases in connet^tion with the several exposi-
tions at homo and abroad in which the Museum and Fish Commission
have participated, among these having been the Centennial Exhibition
at Philadelphia in 1876, the International Fisheries ^Exhibitions at Berlin
in 1880 and at London in 1883, the New Orleans Cotton Centeimial
Exposition in 1884 and 1885, the Cincinnati Exposition of 1888, the
World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893, and the expositions
at Atlanta in 1895, at Nashville in 1897, at Onmha in 1898, and at
the Pan-American Exposition of 1901. The returns from the World's
Fair in Philadelphia were of greatest extent, comprising, besides the
collections displayed by the United States in illustration of the animal
and mineral resources, the fisheries, and the ethnology of the native
races of the country, valuable gifts from thirty of the foreign gov-
ernments which participated, as well as the industrial collections of
numerous manufacturing and commercial houses of Europe and
America.
7. Exchanges with foreign and domestic museums and with indi-
viduals.
Immediately preceding the Centennial ICxhibition of 1870, when the
collections were entirely provided for in the Smithsonian building,
the number of entries of specimens in the Museum record books was
about 235,000. In 1884, when the additional room afforded by the new
building gave opportunity for taking a provisional census of the large
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 9
cce88ions received from Philadelphia and from other sources, the
umber had grown to 1,471,000. At the close of the year covered by
bis report the total number of recorded specimens was 5,654,864.
While these figures convey no impression of the bulk of the collec-
ions, when it is considered that by 1885 all of the space in both build-
ngs was completely filled, and in fact so overcrowded that a third
»uilding was already being asked of Congress, some conception may
►e had of the conditions now existing. The storerooms arc packed to
heir utmost capacity, making it difficult to gain access to the speci-
aens or to provide adequately' for their safety. For man}^ years most
•f the objects received have had to be stored in outside and unsafe
tructures, where they are mainly piled up in the original packing
oxes, and where has already accumulated enough material of great
ntrinsic and scientific value to fill an additional building as large as
hat now occupied by the main collections.
AS A MUSEUM OF RESEARCH.
In order to permit of their examination and study, as provided in
he act of establishment, the collections of tlie Museum are, to the
xtent of its accommodations, arranged systematical!}' and in a manner
onvenient for reference. Access to the reserve or study series, so
ailed, consisting of the main bod}' of the collections and as complete
1 all the groups as the accessions have made possible, is given to all
•roperly qualified persons engaged in original research. The oppor-
unities thus afforded are widely availed of, the Museum being visited
very year by many investigators, some of world-wide distinction,
oming from the scientific centers of European and other foreign
ountries, as well as from all parts of the United States. Material is
Iso occasionally sent out to representatives of other institutions
aving the means of providing for its safe-keeping, when required in
he working up of special subjects, or for comparison in connection
^ith their own collections.
The custodianship of the collections being the first and most impera-
ive duty devolving upon the scientific staff of the National Museum,
ts members find comparatively little time during office hours for
dvancing knowledge, though they are mostly well qualified for such
rork, being selected with special reference to their ability to identify
nd classify the specimens under their charge in accordance with the
itest researches. As a matter of fact, however, the staff does pro-
uce every year a large number of papers descriptive of the coUec-
ions, which together constitute an important contribution to scientific
iterature.
Among the honorary officers having their laboratories at the Museum
re a number of assistants employed by other scientific bureaus to con-
uct investigations on material kept here in their charge, and in whose
esolts the Museum shares.
10 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Many collections have, from time to time, })een ti'ansferred b>' the
Geological Survey, the Fish Commission, the Department of Agricul-
ture, and other branches of the Government to the custody of the
Museum in advance of their tinal working up, in order to provide for
their safe storage and to secure the better facilities for study here
afforded. Under this arningement the amount of research work car-
ried on in the Museum l)uilding has been greatly increased.
Though having little means to expend for field work, members of
the Museum staff are occasionally giv^en opportunities to participate
in the explorations of other Government Imreaus or of private expedi-
tions, in connection with which special researches may be carried on,
though th(^ chief advantage results from the ac(|uisition of new and
valuable material and a knowledge of the conditions under which it
occurred in nature.
AS AX EDUCATIONAL MUSEUM.
The educational side of the Museum is intended to consist niainlv
of an exhibition of all the classes of objects which it represents, so
mounted, installed, and labeled as to directly interest and instruct the
general public. The principal difficulty incident to the proper instal-
lation of such a collection, conceding all the space required, lies in the
selection of its parts, so that while enough is display ed to convey the
amount of information which it is intended to impart, the visitor shall
not be overburdened or confused with details. While this policy is
being followed in the National Museum so far as its means permit,
the lack of room has always prevented a complete or satisfactory
development of the plan, and every succeeding year the conditions in
this respect giow worse instead of better through the increasc^d crowd-
ing of the halls. The advances in recent years have been chiefly in
the methods of display, in the character of individual and group
mountings, and in the labeling, in all of which directions exceptional
progress has been made.
Two years ago it was announced that all of the halls designed for
public use were then for the first time permaiu^ntly open, though none
were above addition or improvement^ while in some the arrangement
was entirely provisional. This was only accomplished by the transfer
of large quantities of material to outside storage, but during the past
year it has unfortunately been again necessary to shut off one of the
most attractive halls in order to furnish increas(^d space for work-
rooms.
In this connection it seems appropriate to refer to the work of
Doctor Goode, than whom no museum administmtor ever had a better
understanding of the public needs. He lal)ored earnestly and con-
scientiously to make this a museum for as well as of the people, and
the plans now being carried out are, in all their essential features, of
his making. While the assistants might be relied upon to armnge and
KEPOBT OF ASSISTANT SEORETABY. 11
umiDtain the studj' series in a manner acceptable to the specialist, the
interests of the public always remained in his immediate charge. He
was ever occupied in devising ways for so presenting the features of
nature and the activities of mankind that by the very force of his sur-
roundings the visitor was bound to receive and carry with him some
definite impressions, some new bit of knowledge. Doctor Goode's
la})ors in this field ranged from the planning of the general scheme to
the most minute details of case architecture and fittings. His official
connection with nearly all the important expositions of the past quar-
ter of a century and his exhaustive studies of all the principal museums
of Europe and the United States gave him exceptional opportunities
for observation and experiment. Though a young man when he died,
none other had acquired so ripe an experience and none is more worthy
of being followed.
An incidental though very popular educational feature of the
Museum, having for its purpose the promotion of scientific teaching
throughout the country, has been the distribution to schools and col-
leges of its duplicate specimens, properly identified and labeled, and
put up in carefully selected sets. Inadequate means have prevented
this measure from being carried out on the scale which the resources
of the Museum would admit of, but many hundreds of such sets have
already been given away.
Scarcely a year passes that some exposition, either at home or
abroad, is not occupying the attention of the Museum, and through
this means its existence and aims are brought constantly and promi-
nently l)efore the public. These expositions have of late followed one
another so closely and have required such extensiv^e preparations as
to interfere greatly with the ordinary work of the Museum, but the
practice of introducing new and varied features, of showing a fresh
series of objects or improved groupings in connection with each one,
insures a substantial gain, as the collections are returned to Washing-
ton, besides fulfilling the im|X)rtant function of making museum
methods known to the people of the United States and stimulating
the growth of museums in many quarters.
Though mainly technical and most useful to the investigator, the
publications of the Museum can be classed, in a general way, as
l)elonging to its educational side, being the medium through which
the nature and extent of its collections are made known. The Annual
Report, first printed as a separate volume of the Smithsonian Report
in 1884, and now in its twentieth volume, consists, besides the admin-
istrative part, mainly of semipopular papers on interesting portions of
the collections. The Proceedings and Bulletins are almost exclusively
technical, the shorter papers being assigned to the former and the
larger and more exhaustive works to the latter. Of the Proceedings
twenty-four complete volumes have been issued, and of the Bulletloa
fifty-two numbers.
12 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
AN AODITIONAI. MUSEUM liUII.OING.
For over two decudcs a f(^w paragraphs in this report have been
atinuall}^ devotod to an account of the crowded and unsafe condition
of the national collections, and the consequent impossibility of further
complying with the law for their proper classification, arrangement, and
care. Fortunately these conditions are soon to be remedied through
the erection of an additional building, having a capacity far exceeding
that of the existing structures combined, with exhibition halls to the
extent of nearly 5 acres, and facilities for all kinds of nmseum work.
In the last report it was announced that Congress had authorized
the preparation of plans for this new building, which was to l>e con-
structed of brick and terra cotta at a limit of cost of $1,500,(X)0, and
to occupy a site on the north side of the Mall opposite the Smith-
sonian Institution. Such a building, though large enough to relieve
the immediate demands for additional space, would provide very
inadequately for the growth of the collections, and the mat<5rial named
for the fronts was not considered entirelv suitable for a structure of
the character proposed. Nearly a year was occupied in examining
into the requirements of the collections and in studying the principal
features of other museums. During the winter of 11)02-3, a series
of tentative plans was prepared, and accompanied })v a supplementary
report liy the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution was submitted
to a special committee consisting of the Congressional Ilegents, "to
represent to Congress the pressing needs of additional room for the
proper exhi})ition of specimens belonging to the National Museum.''
On January 23, 1903, the same papei*s were tmnsmitted to Congress
and printed as Document 314 of the House of Representatives.
The plans provided for a large rectangular building, four stories
high including the basement, which was to be in all essential features
the equivalent of a story, well lighted and entirely serviceable for
museum purposes. The cost of the whole building, constructed of
brick and term cotta, was estimated at $3,000,000, but one-half of the
structure, in symmetrical form, could be built for §1,500,000, thus
meeting the requirements of the act of 1902. The special committee
of the Regents al)ove mentioned adopted the report of the Secretary,
though urging the larger building, in the following resolution:
That under the limitations of the law the committee hereby report to Congress Plan
B for a new National Museum building as the best obtainable for the amount men-
tione<l; but, in the judj^ment of the committee, the lai^r plan, A, is l)elieviKl to Ik?
the one which should l)e adopted, and we therefore ask that Congress shall make
the appropriation for it instead of for the smaller plan.
Hearings followed before the Committees on Appropriations of
both the House and Senate, and a plea was made for the use of granite
instead of brick and terra cotta. The House took no action, but a bill
REPOBT OF ASSISTANT SECBETABY. 13
for the erection of the entire building in granite, at a limiting cost of
$3,500,000, was adopted by the Senate, and the measure in this shape
was finally agreed to in conference between the committees of the two
Houses. The bill as passed, being an item in the sundry civil act for
1904, was as fellows:
Building for National Museum: To enable the Regents of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion to commence the erection of a suitable fireproof building with granite fronts, for
the use of the National Museum, to be erected on the north side of the Mall, Iwtween
Ninth and Twelfth streets, northwest, substantially in accordance with the Plan A,
prepared and submitted to Congress by the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
under the provisions of the act approved June twenty-eighth, nineteen hundred and
tw^o, two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Said building complete, including
heating and ventilating apparatus and elevators, shall cost not to exceed three mil-
lion five hundred thousand dollars, and a contract or contracts for its completion is
hereby authorized to be entered into subject to appropriations to be made by Con-
gress. The construction shall be in charge of Bernard R. Green, Superintendent of
Buildings and Grounds, Library of Congress, who shall make the contracts herein
authorized and disburse all appropriations made for the work, and shall receive as
full compensation for his services hereunder the sum of two thousand dollars annually
in addition to his present salary, to be paid out of said appropriations.
At a meeting of the lioard of Regents held on March 12, 11)03, a
committee to represent the Board in connection with the work of con-
struction was designated by resolution as follows:
That the Secretary, with the advice and consent of the Chancellor and the chair-
man of the executive committee, l>e authorized to represent the Board of Regents so
far as may \)e necessary in consultation with Bernard R. Green, to whom the con-
struction and contracts for the new Museum building are committed by Congress in
the act making an appropriation for that purpose.
Messrs. Hornblower & Marshall, of Washington, who made the ten-
tative plans, were .selected as architects and before the close of the
ii.scal year their part of the work was well under wa}' . It is expected
that about four or five yeai's will be required for the construction of
the building.
SUMMARY OP THE OPERATIONS OF THE YEAR.
APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES.
The (Congressional appropriations for the nmintonanec of the National
Museum during the fiscal year ending rlunc 30, 1908, amounted to
$281,400, a decrease of $8,(H)<) as (compared with the previous year, the
changes })eing as follows: The hill for 1902 contiiined three specific
appropriations, one of ^5,000 for the construction of two gtdleries, one
of $5,<M)0 for electrical installation, and one of $12,500 for new hoilers,
while the appropriations for 1903 comprised a new item of $7,000 for
preparing and printing the Contributions from the U. S. National
Herbarium, heretofore pulilished by the Department of Agriculture,
$5,000 for the preparation of plans for an additional Museum Imilding,
and an increase of $2,500 in the appropriation for furniture and
fixtures.
The following tables show the expenditures during the year 1902-3
under each item of the appropriations for the past two years:
Apjrropriationjt mid exjyeiidiiures for the fiscal year endimj Juiie. 30y 190.i.
Object.
Prcfcn'atioii <»f rollection«
Furniture and fixtures
Heatinjir. lighting, and electrical Hcrvico
Ropain to buildings, shope, and shedn
B<M>k»i. pamphlets, and periodicals
Purchaue of specimens
Rent of workshops, etc
I Vwtage
Pnhlifihing Contributions, National Herbarium.
PUns for additional building, National Museum
Printing and binding
Total
Appn)pria-
tiOHH.
ExiK.'iidi-
turcs.
Hultince
.hi no 30,
1902.
8180,000
8170, 402. KO
89, 597. 20
22,500
20,803.76
1,696.24
1H,000
16,037.37
1,962.63
15,000
13,471.03
1,528.97
2,000
1,393.38
606.62
10,000
5,999.81
4,000.69
4,400
4,399.92
.08
500
500.00
3,027.49
7,000
3,972.51
5,000
1,956.80
43.20
17,000
16,994.41
5. 59
281,400
267,986.27
23,418.73
15
16
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 19a3.
Disbursementu from uiwxpcudid Uiluiweif of nppropriutioim fur the Jiscal year ending June
30, 1902,
Object.
Balance
I June SO,
1902.
Kxpendi-
tures.
Preservation of collections 8o, 709. 7K
Furniture and flxturcH '2, 136. 15
HeatiuK and lighting, etr 1, 560. 43
Building repairs, etc 1 . 938. 30
Galleries 37.92
Bookft, pamphlets, and periodicals 1 , 112. 97
Porchase of 8i)ecimenN 2. 471. 30
Rent of workshops, etc .OK
f5,550.62
2.131.08
1,558.83
1.911.07
3«>. 75
944.70
2,410.0-1
Balance
June 90,
1903.
1159.16
5.07
1.60
27.23
1.17
198.27
55.26
.08
Total 14, 996. %\
14,549.09
447.84
Disburseineiits from the appropriations for lUOO-1901 were made
as follows: Preservation of collections, t>4:9.()l; books, pamphlets, and
periodicals, $86.74, leaving balances of $24.88 and $5.40 respectively.
These balances, together with the unexpended balances of the appro-
priations for furniture and fixtures, heating and lighting, building
repairs, purchase of specimens, and rent of workshops, amounting to
174.41, have reverted to the surplus fund of the Treasur}'.
Appropriatioiu( for the year endbiy June SO, 1U04.
f*re8ervation of collections
Furniture and fixtures
Heating, lighting, and electrical service
Purchase of specimens
Books, ]>amphlets, and periodicals
Repairs to buildings, shops, and sheds
Rent of workshops and temporary storage (quarters
Postage
Additional building for National Museum
Printing labels, blanks, and Bulletins and Proceedings, an<i for landing
books for the Library
$180,000
22,500
18,000
10,000
2,000
15,000
4,400
500
250,000
17,000
Total 519,400
BUILDINGS.
At its last session, ending March 4, 1903, Congress authorized, in
the sundry civil act for 1003-4, the construction of an additional lire-
proof building of granite for the Mational Museum, at a cost not to
exceed $3,500,000, and appropriated $250,000 for the reciuirements of
the first year. The preparation of the final plans was begun near
the close of the fiscal year, and the work will be pushed as rapidly as
possible.
The roofs on the several sections of the Museum building have con-
tinued to give trouble, as new leaks develop during every heavy rain
and snow storm. This is more especially the case with the slate cov-
erings over the main halls, but the tin roofs are also in bad condition
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 17
id both demand constant attention and repair, at some expense,
efore many years a new roof will become absolutely necessary, but
1 the meantime it is proposed, should the regular appropriations suf-
le for the purpose, to gradually replace the slate coverings with bet-
T material, as only in this manner can the more pressing difficulties
3 even temporarily overcome.
The leaks which have occurred through many years, and the f re-
aent repairs to walls and ceilings, had so defaced the interior of the
reater part of the Museum building as to render it unsightly in the
ctreme. At the beginning of the fiscal year it was decided to remedy
lese conditions so far as possible by painting those parts of the build-
\g which required it, in accordance with a simple but artistic scheme
r color. The rotunda and main halls were first completed, and next
iree of the courts, leaving only one of the latter to be done during
le current yesir. The ranges do not call for any changes in this
jspect at present. With this improvement the building has now
jen placed in a far more presentable condition than ever before.
Another improvement in the Museum building has been the arrange-
ent of inner screen doors at the eastern or freight entrance, so as to
ose off from the public or exhibition halls the vestibule in which
ickages are received. Some of the rooms over this same entrance,
5ed by th^ Division of Plants, have also been modified and enlarged.
The archieological hall in the Smithsonian building has been closed
► the public during nearly the entire year. In September, 1902, so
any large pieces of plaster fell from the ceiling that its condition was
jclared unsafe, and though all of the loose plaster was subsequently
smoved, 3- et the appearance of the hall does not justify its reopening
: present. It is expected, however, to make such temporar\^ repairs
jfore the close of another year as will permit of its being again made
;cessible.
ADDITIONS TO THE C50LLECTION8.
The number of accessions or separate lots of material received dur-
ig the year was 1,643, being 234 more than in 1902. They comprised
50ut 236,580 specimens of all kinds, bringing the total number of
>ecimens in the several departments of the Museum up to about
,654,864. There were also received for identification 886 lots of speci-
lens, the most of which were returned to the senders with the infor-
lation requested.
The most constant and important sources of material are the national
irveys and explorations, whose collections are, by law, transferred
) the custody of the Museum as soon as the necessary studies upon
lem have been completed. The bureaus which figure most promi-
ently in this work are the Geological Survey, the Fish Commission,
16 Biological Survey, and the Divisions of Insects and Plants of the
NAT MU8 1903 2
18 REPOBT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 19a*J.
Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of American Ethnology of
the Smithsonian Institution, though valuable contributions are occa-
sionally obtained from other branches of the Government service, and
oflScers of the Army and Navy stationed in the new possessions have,
in their individual capacity, been rendering nnich assistance. A very
large share of the additions to the collections is, however, received
from private individuals and establishments through donation and
exchange, and the exhibition series derives many of its attractive
features from loans or deposits. Field collecting by members of the
Museum staff is almost prohibited by the lack of funds, and the acqui-
sition of specimens by purchase is seriously restricted because of the
small amount appropriated for that purpose.
A complete list of the accessions for the year is given in Appendix
II, and the important ones are described in the reports of the head
curators. Only some of the more noteworthy ones will, therefore, be
referred to in this connection.
The total number of specimens added in the Department of Anthro-
pology was 24,311), of which 16,181 specimens belonged in the Division
of Prehistoric Archeology, 4,547 in Ethnology, and 1,502 each in
History and the Graphic Art«. One of the most valuable acquisitions
consisted of material recently collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in
Sumatra and the Stmits Settlements, and illustrated the native arts
and industries of a region but poorly represented in American museums.
The many objects, numbering over 1,500, secured in the Philippine
Islands by the late Col. F. F. Hilder, of the Bureau of American
Ethnology, for the Government exhibit at the Pan-American Exposi-
tion, have been turned ovxr to the Museum bv the Government Board.
This collection is of especial interest in that it furnishes much author-
itative information regarding the life and customs of the natives of
the largest of our new possessions. Dr. Frank Russell, formerly of
the Bureau of American Ethnology, secured important material from
the Pima Indians of southern Arizona, which, together with many
ethnologiail objects from other sources, have been transferred by the
Bureau to the custodv of the Museum. Several collections made bv
Lieut. G. T. Emmons, of the United States Navy, illustrating the arts
of the Chilcat and other Alaskan tribes, have also been acijuired.
An extremely noteworthy collection deposited in the Museum by
Mr. S. S. Rowland, of Washington, D. C, consists of ol)jects repre-
senting Buddhist religious art, such as bronze and woixlen images of
Buddha and Buddhist saints, shrines, temple lamps, and sacred writ-
ings on palm leav^es, and also of several oriental maiuiscripts in
Hebrew, Arabic, and other languages. Miss Eliza R. Scidmore, of
Washington, also deposited a number of examples of Buddhist and
Hindu religious art. Twenty-eight Jewish ceremonial objects from
North Afric4i were obtained from Mr. Ephraim Deinard, of Kearney,
New Jersey, one of the most interesting pieces being an ark of carved
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 19
wood, containing a parchment scroll of the Pentateuch. The Egyp-
tian exploration fund has presented some valuable Greeco-Egyptian
papyri.
Among the accessions in the Division of Prehistoric Archeology
i¥ere a collection of implements and other objects obtained by Mr.
W. H. Holmes from near Kimmswick, Missouri, with the assistance
3f Mr. Gerard Fowke, who also transmitted a number of hammer-
atones, flint nodules, and other objects from ancient quarries near
Darter, Kentucky, and a series of implements and specimens of ore,
nrhich had been mined for use as paint, from aboriginal mines at
Leslie, Missouri, collected by Mr. Holmes. About 3,000 specimens of
)tone implements, gathered by the late Mr. Frank Hamilton Gushing,
including spearheads, arrowpoints, harpoons, and tools of various
kinds, and a very important collection made by Dr. J. Walter Fewkes
in Porto Rico and Santo -Domingo were received from the Bureau of
A^merican Ethnology. The material from Santo Domingo comprises
nany types new to the Museum, while that from Porto Rico contains
jeveral stone rings or collars, sculptured pillow stones, the remains of
luman skeletons, and various other objects.
A collection of stone implements of various types, pottery, bowls,
rases, etc., chiefly from the Mississippi Valley and the Pueblo region,
^as obtained from Mr. E. O. Matthews, of Parral, Mexico, and many
)bjects illustrative of the stone age in Uruguay were received in
exchange from the Museo Nacional at Montevideo, through the cour-
tesy of Senor Luis A. de Herrera, secretary of the Uruguayan lega-
:ion at Washington. Mr. H. W. Seton-Karr, of London, England,
presented a series of paleolithic quartzite implements selected from a
x)llection made by him in the Lateritic deposits near Madras, India.
A series of models of United States war vessels, including gunboats,
nonitors, protected cruisers, and rams, deposited in the Museum by
:he Navy Department, forms a very attractive exhibit, being of espe-
cial interest to the public. The War Department has also deposited a
arge number of models of heavy seacoast cannon, mountain howitzers,
md other types of ordnance formerly used by the Army, and examples
)f small arms.
Many relics of General and Mrs. U. S. Grant, of great intrinsic as
veil as historic value, have been presented to the Museum l)y their
children, through Brig. Gen. Frederick D. Grant, U. S. Army.
rhey include clothing worn by General (irant during the civil war,
commissions to different ranks in the Army, a cabinet present to Mrs.
>rant by the Empress of Japan, said to be one thousand years old
ind valued at $20,000; several Japanese vases presented by the
Emperor of Japan, a lady's toilet set in gold from the King and Queen
)f Siam, and numerous other objects.
Eight hundred and thirty-seven gold, silver, and copper coins were
lonated to the Museum by Mr. E. M. Chapman, of New York Clt^,
20 BEPOKT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Casts of the Neanderthal and Prague ancient crania were purchased
for the newl}' established Division of Physical Anthropology, which
has also secured five valuable head-hunter's skulls from New Guinea,
and a large series of crania and parts of human skeletons from the
Army Medical Museum, the U. S. Fish Commission, and other sources.
The Department of Biology received about 110,000 specimens, of
which approximately one- third were botanical. In zoology the Division
of Insects led with 37,684 specimens, followed by marine invertobratos
with 12,471 si^ecimens, mammals with 7,435 specimens, mollusks with
6,332 specimens, and birds with 3,800 specimens.
The zoological specimens contributed by Dr. W. L. Abbott con-
sisted of a large number of deer, squirrels, porcupines, and a new
ape, collected in Sumatra and on the adjacent islands, and in the Riou
Linga Archipelago, south of Singapore. Many of the species are new
to science. The donations made by Doctor Ablwtt, as the result of his
recent extensive explorations in the East Indies, now comprise about
2,500 mammals and nearly 4,000 birds, besides several thousand speci-
mens in other branches of natural history.
Large collections of bird skins and eggs, fishes, corals, mollusks,
crustaceans, and other marine invertebrates, obtained during the
expedition of the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Alhatrosfi to the
Hawaiian Islands and to Samoa, have been transmitted to the Museum
and will be referi'ed to more in detail in the next re|X)rt. They
include interesting series of the birds of the Laysan Islands.
Dr. E. A. Mearns, U. S. Army, presented a quantity of mammals
from the Yellowstone National Park and from Fort Snelling, Minne-
sota, and the Hon. B. S. Kairden, United States consul at Batavia,
two undescribed species of Tragulus from Java. An important collec-
tion of bats was obtained from Mr. William Foster, of Sapuca3\
Paraguay; and one of bats and rodents from Mr. T. Tsuchida, of
Misaki, Japan. A valuable skeleton of the porpoise, Pseudorca
crassidens^ from the Hawaiian Islands, the first re|K>rted from that
region, was contributed by Prof. C. H. (xilbert, of the Leland Stan-
ford Junior University.
Several rare birds of paradise and other valualilc specimens, includ-
ing a pair of flightless cormorants, from the Galapagos Islands, were
received from Mr. A. Boucard, Isle of Wight, England, and a Javan
jungle fowl, a black- winged peacock, and other birds from Mr. Homer
Davenport, Morris Plains, New Jersey. The Bishop Museum, of
Honolulu, presented about 40 bird skins, including several species not
previousl}^ represented in the Museum collection, and 295 interesting
specimens from Chiriqui, Costa Rica, including a number of cotypes,
and 52 bird skins from Ilonduitis were obtiined from Mr. Outmm
Bjuigs, of Boston, partly as a gift and partly in exchange. The most
im|X)rtant accession to the Oological collection was a fossil e^^yr of
Aepyomis Qiiaximu^ from Madagascar. Valuable birds' eggs from
ftEK>&t OB* ASSISTAKT SECRETARY. 21
Australia, South America, and other countrievS were also received from
different sources.
Reptiles from southern Florida were contributed by Mr. E. J.
Brown, of Lemon City, and a fine series of salamanders was presented
by Messrs. Brimley Brothers, of Raleigh, North Carolina. From
Prof. P. Biolley, of the National Museum of San Jose, Costa Rica,
there were obtained several very interesting specimens, including a
new gecko, described by Doctor Stejneger as Sphserodactylus pacificus.
Eighteen snakes from the island of Cyprus were purchased from
Giacomo Cecconi, of Florence, Italy, and 29 snakes from Jamaica and
Michigan were donated by Prof. H. L. Clark, of Olivet College,
Michigan.
The accessions to the collection of fishes were numerous and impor-
tant. Dr. O. P. Jenkins, of Leland Stanford Junior University,
donated 42 types of Hawaiian fishes, constituting a second installment
of a series of types the first of which were transmitted in 1901. A
valuable collection of tj^pes and cotypes of Japanese fishes was received
from Dr. David S. Jordan, president of the same university. A large
salmon, weighing about 50 pounds, taken at Cascapedia, Canada, was
presented by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, of Philadelphia. A deep-sea
pelican fish, captured at a depth of between 2,000 and 3,000 fathoms,
during the survey for the Pacific cable, was transmitted by the officers
of the U. S. S. Kero^ and a largo conger eel was received from Mr.
Louis Mowbray, of Bermuda, through the New York Aquarium.
Besides the mollusks obtained by the Fish Commission expedition to
the Hawaiian Islands, a number of well-preserved land shells from the
same region were donated by Mr. W. H. Henshaw, of Hilo, Hawaii.
Interesting collections of shells were also received from Rev. Henry
Loomis, Yokohama, Japan; Mr. F. A. Woodworth, San Francisco,
California; Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd, Burnett, California, and the Imperial
Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. A specimen of the i^are Valuta
mammilla Sowerby, from Tasmania, and other valuable Australian
shells, were also added to the mollusk collection.
Among the most important additions to the Entomological Division
were a collection of nearly 19,000 specimens of gall wasps, parasites,
etc., from Canada, transmitted by the Department of Agriculture; a
series of Costa Rican insects of different orders purchased from Mr.
P. Schild, of New York City; about 2,000 specimens of Chilean insects
from Mr. E. C. Reed, Concepcion, Chile; 277 specimens of African
Lepidoptera received in exchange from the Royal Museum of Natural
History, Stockholm, Sweden, through Dr. Yngve Sj5stedt, including
examples of several species described by Doctor Aurivellius; a collec-
tion of mites, including types and cotypes, from Prof. Robert Wol-
oott, of the University of Nebraska; specimens of many oixlcrs and
comprising types and cotypes from Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell^ TSas^X*
Las Vegas, New Mexico; about 700 spoeimena oi EiVivo^pewi CoX^o^Xftx**
i2 REPOET OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
from Dr. W. H. Valway, Cleveland, Ohio, and a valuable seriej? of
Venezuelan Cicindellidae and Scarabaeidae from Mr. Edw. A. Klages,
of Grafton, Pennsylvania. An important exchange was made with the
American Entomological Society, whereby the Museum received 95
species of Mexican and Central American Hymenoptera, including
many cotypes. Thirty-four cotypes of Coleoptera were presented by
Prof. H. C. Fall, of Pasadena, California.
The Division of Marine Invertebrates obtained through exchange
with the Museum of Natuml History, Paris, France, about 50 species
of fresh-water crabs. A series of Japanese crustaceans, including
many interesting specimens collected b}- Dr. David S. Jordan and Mr.
J. O. Snyder, was presented by the Leland Stanford Junior University.
A number of crustaceans from the Maldive Islands, collected by Mr.
Alexander Agassiz in 1901 and 1902, was received from the Museum
of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and similar mate-
rial from Costa Rica and Cocos Island was acquired through exchange
with the National Museum of Costa Rica. Among other accessions
of special interest may be mentioned four lots of isopod crustaceans,
including types obtained by the Harriman expedition, received from
Prof. Trevor Kincaid, Seattle, Washington; 23 specimens of echino-
derms and crustaceans from Great Britain and from various localities
in the East, contributed by Mr. H. W. Parritt, of London, England; a
quantity of foraminifera from Great Britain and the Seychelles Islands,
presented by Mr. H. Sidebottom, Cheshire, England, and a collection
of parasites of fishes, transmitted by Prof. Edwin Linton, of Washing-
ton, Pennsylvania. A very interesting series of European parasites,
comprising trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes, was deposited in
the Museum by the Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of
Agriculture.
To the osteological collection were added a skeleton of the giant
salamander, Siebofdiaja/xmica^ presented by the Imperial Museum of
Tokyo; three skeletons of Harris's cormorant, Nanopterum hamsi^
purchased from Mr. R. H. Beck, of Berry essa, California, and a skele-
ton of musk ox from EUesmere I^and, representing a species new to
the Museum, from Mr. J. S. Warmbath, of Washington, District of
Columbia.
The National Herbarium has been enriched by a collection of about
1,400 plants from the Philippine Archipelago, contributed b}^ the Phil-
ippine Bureau of Agriculture, and b}' another collection from the same
locality received from the Royal Botanical (lardens, Kew, England.
Mr. William R. Maxon, of the Museum staff, obtained a large collec-
tion of ferns and other plants during a collecting trip of about two
months' duration in Jamaica. Dr. E. A. Mearns, U. S. Army, pre-
sented a large series of plants collected in the Yellowstone National
Park, and Capt. John Donnell Smith, of Baltimore, Maryland, who
las made extensive contributions to the Herbarium, continued hi
BEPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARy. 23
donations during the past 3'C5ar, transmitting a scries of plants from
the West Indies and Central America.
The collections in the Department of Geology were increased by
about 102,000 specimens, of which 97,000 were fossil invertebrates.
As in past years, the principal accessions were from the U. S.
Geological Survey. Among the more important ones were a series of
minerals, rocks, and ores, constituting a portion of the exhibit made
by the Survey at the expositions recently held in Buffalo and Charles-
ton, and a collection of rocks from Arizona, California, Idaho, Colo-
rado, Oregon, and Washington. An interesting lot of tourmalinitic
quartz from Little Pipestone district, Montana, of which some of the
specimens are covered on one side with parallel layers of amethysts of
different hues, accompanied the former.
A valuable series of massive and cut polished stalactites and stalag-
mites from the Copper Queen mine was presented by Mr. James
Douglas, of Bisbee, Arizona. Interesting examples of volcanic bombs
and lavas from Cinder Buttes, Idaho, were received from Prof. I. C.
Russell; specimens of fluorite and associated rocks, from Mr. R. S.
Bassler and Mr. E. O. Ulrich; specimens of halloysite from Hart
County, Kentucky, from Hon. J. H. Stotsenburg, of New Alban}',
Indiana; specimens of talc, from the North Carolina Talc and Mining
Company, and a collection of igneous rocks from Holyoke, Massachu-
setts, from Prof. B. K. Emerson.
A specimen of palla^ite, weighing 851 pounds, from Mount Vernon,
Kentucky; a mass of meteoric iron from Arispe, Mexico, weighing
116 pounds; a mass of meteoric iron from Persimmon Creek, in North
Carolina, weighing 9 pounds, and a meteoric stone weighing nearly 9
pounds, from Hendersonville, North Carolina, are among the most
impoilant additions to the meteoric collections.
A small piece of the only known specimen of footeite was donated
by Mr. Warren M. Foote, of Philadelphia, and man}^ very desirable
minerals, some of which were not previously represented in the
Museum collection, were obtained from different sources.
The largest and most valuable addition to the Division of Strati-
graphic Paleontology was the second installment of the E. O. Ulrich
collection of Paleozoic bryozoans, comprising alx)ut 75,000 specimens
and 2,500 microscopic slides. The collection as a whole is the most
extensive of its kind in existence and contains many unique specimens.
About 14,000 corals, crinoids, mollusks, and other fossil invertebrates
from the Mississippi Valley Paleozoic were received from Dr. Carl
Rominger, of Ann Arbor, Michigan. Many of these have been figured
and described in the reports of the Geological Survey of Michigan.
The Andrew Sherwood collection of Pennsylvania Upper Devonic
vertebrate and invertebrate fossils is also entitled to special notice.
It was brought together by Mr. Sherwood, and includes many choice
slabs filled with large brachiopods and mollusks, besides about 3,000
24
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
small specimens. Smaller collection.s of interesting fossil inverte-
brates were contributed by the U. S. Geological Surve}-; Dr. Charles E.
Beecher, of Yale University; Mr. John M. Nickels, of Cincinnati,
Ohio; Mr. W. T. Lee, of Trinidad, Colomdo, and others.
The collection of vertebrate fossils was increased by several impor-
tant additions, one of which, comprising the teeth of Mastodon hum-
holdti and Mastodon cordillerum and casts of mandibular rami, was
received from the British Museum, London, England. Dr. H. J.
Herbein, of Pottsville, Pennsylvania, contributed a slab of sandstone
showing reptilian footprints, from Mount Carbon, Pennsylvania, and
Mr. Whitman Cross, of the U. S. Geological Survey, collected and
transmitted a tooth of CladodttsJbrjno&usiHay) from Needle Mountains
quadrangle, Colorado.
About 500 specimens of Triassic plants, collected in Connecticut
and Massachusetts by Mr. S. Ward Loper, of the U. S. Geological
Survey, have been turned over to the Museum; a small series of fossil
plants from the Permian of Ohio was donated by Mr. H. Herzer, of
Marietta, Ohio, and about 80 specimens of Paleozoic plants were
received with the Ulrich collection above mentioned.
The number of entries made in the catalogue books of the various
departments was 41,091.
The number of accessions received annually since 1881 has been as
follows:
Year.
Accession
New.
(inclusive).
1881 1 9890-11000
1882 ! 11001-12500
1883 i r2501-13900
1884 i 13901-15550
1885 January to June , 15551-16208
1886 ' 16209-17704
1887 ' 17705-19360
1888 1 19351-20831
1889 1 20832-22178
1890
1891
1892
1893
18W
1895 i 28312-29534
1896 I 29535-30833
22179-23340
23341-24627
24528-25884
25885-27160
27151-28311
1897 30834-32300
1898 3'2301-33741
1899 ' 33742-3o2:«
1900 ' 35239-36705
1901 :16706-38175
1902 :i^l76-39584
1903 39585-41227
Number of
accessions
during
the year.
1,111
1,600
1,400
1,650
658
1,496
1,646
1,481
1,347
1,162
1,187
1,357
1,266
1.161
1.228
1.290
1,467
1,441
1.497
1,467
1.470
1.409
1,643
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY.
25
The approximate number of specimens received by the Museum
during the year and the total number in the possession of the Museum
at the close of the year are recorded in the following table:
Dividon.
Anthropology:
Ethnology
Historic archeology ...
Prehistoric archeology
Technology ,
Graphic arts
Medicine
Religions
History and biography .
Physical anthropology .
Ceramics
Photography
Music.
Biology:
Mammals
Birds
Birds' ^gs
Reptiles and batrachians
Fishes
MoUusks
Insects
Marine invertebrates
Helminthology
Comparative anatomy
Plants
Forestry
Geology:
Physical and chemical geology
Mineralogy
Invertebn^te paleontology
Vertebrate paleontology
Paleobotany
Total
u Entries in catalogues.
EXPLORATIONS.
Received
in 1992-3.
Total.
i
! 4,647
478,061
20
2,223
16, 181
372,979
; 149
31,193
1,602
8,896
I 7
6,889
92
2,769
1,502
43,048
99
2,770
146
4,610
9
1,800
66
1,626
7,436
82,436
3,800
133,636
1,470
64,046
a8?2
44,426
1,000
157,601
6,332
929,037
37,084
1,623,684
12.471
518, ?20
a&i6
5,737
«115
15,946
38,403
56.1,405
749
2,820
78,559
«445
35,878
97,000
«36
543,337
1,782
236,680
5,654,864
Fewer explorations than usual were carried on last year directly by
the Museum, owing to insufficient means for that purpose. Field work
under the Bureau of American Ethnolog}^, which yielded interesting
collections of objects, since deposited in the Museum, as before men-
tioned, was conducted by Mr. William H. Holmes, Mr. Gerard Fowke,
and Dr. J. Walter Fewkes. Mr. Holmes visited the aboriginal hema-
tite mines at Leslie, Missouri, and Doctor Fewkes an ancient quarry
in Carter County , Kentucky, while Doctor Fewkes also spent consider-
able time in Santo Domingo and Porto Rico.
The important explorations of Dr. William L. Abbott in Sumatra
and the adjoining islands, as well as on the maiulaiviSL ol \i\i^ ^\x^\\s^
26 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 11)03.
Settlements, have already been referred to under the heading of
^'Additions to the Collections.'' These explorations, which are carried
on entirely at the expense of Doctor Abbott, have now been in prog-
ress for several years, and through his generosity the National Museum
has been the fortunate recipient of the very large and extremel3^ valu-
able collections that he has made.
In the spring of 1903 Mr. F. A. Lucas, accompanied by Mr. William
Palmer and Mr. J. W. Scollick, all of the Museum staff, visited one of
the stations of the Cal)ot Steam Whaling Company on the coast of
Newfoundland in the interest of the St. Louis Exposition for the pur-
pose of securing as complete a representation as possible of a large
sulphur-bottom whale. He was entirely successful, returning with a
perfect skeleton of a specimen measuring about 78 feet long, and with
molds of the exterior, from which a cast of the entire animal will be
made. These specimens at the close of the exposition will be exhib-
ited in the Museum.
Through the courtesy of the Geographical Society of Baltimore, the
Museum was enabled to send Mr. B. A. Bean and Mr. J. H. Riley with
an expedition to the Bahama Islands, where they were to make collec-
tion of the fishes and land animals of that region. The party was still
absent at the close of the vear.
Dr. H. G. Dyar, with Mr. RoUa P. Currie, of the National Museum,
and Mr. A. N. Caudell, of the Department of Agriculture, accom-
panied an expedition to British Columbia under the auspices of the
Carnegie Institution, and it is expected that they will bring back a
large and important collection of insects.
Mr. S. Ward Loper, of the IT. S. Geological Survey, made for the
Museum an interesting collection of Triassic plants in Connecticut and
Massachusetts, and through arrangements with the Director of the
Survey, Hon. Charles D. Walcott, Mr. Charles Schuchert, of the
Museum staff, spent several weeks in Virginia and Georgia with
the special laew of determining the geological horizons of the southern
part of the Appalachians. Incidental to this study he collected many
fossils. Seveml weeks were spent by Mr. R. S. Bassler in Ohio,
Indiana, and Kentucky collecting invertebrate fossils. A small collec-
tion of natural history specimens, obtained about Franz Josef Land
by the Baldwin-Ziegler expedition of 1902 to the Polar regions, was
presented to the Museum by Mr. William Ziegler. It is hoped that
the second expedition, now in progress under the same auspices, will
result in additional accessions from that little-known region.
DISTRIBUTION AND KXCHANGK OF SPECIMENS.
The number of specimens furnished to specialists outside of the
Museum for study was 12,529, almost twice as many as during the
previous year, while the sets of duplicates distributed to educational
REPORT OK ASSISTANT SECRETARY.
27
mcnts in this country, together with those used in making
?s with individuals and institutions both at home and abroad,
jd 33,228 specimens. The educational series consisted of
nvertebrates, fishes, and geological material illustrating the
f rock weathering and soil formation.
•llowing table shows the number of lots of specimens of all
it to each State and foreign country:
It
1
1
12
4
11
Colambia 18
1
3
46
/
8
1
North Carolina 6
Ohio 11
PeiiDBylvania 25
Texas 4
Utah 4
Vermont 1
Washington 2
West Virginia 1
Wisconsin 5
Wyoming 2
Hawaii 2
Philippine Islands 1
etts
pehire.
y
CO
2
Austria
5
1
Bavaria
1
2
Canada
3
Denmark
2
;ui
England
12
n
France
7
5
Germany
4
18
Holland
1
2
Italy
5
2
New South Wales
1
4
New Zealand
1
12
Norway
2
2
Sweden I^
99
g the more important exchanges received from foreign estab-
9 were the following: From the British Museum of Natural
London, four casts of the jaws and teeth of mastodons; the
otanic Gardens, Kew, London, 983 plants from the Philip-
nds and Guiana, 21 duplicate plates from '^Refugium Botan-
nd two living plants; the Museum of Natural History, Paris,
5ies of Argulida* from South America; the Ik)tanical Museum,
Grermany, 665 plants from Europe and Africa; the Royal
al and Anthropological-Ethnographical Museum, Dresden,
jnmals and a specimen of Scffps vmnadein^h from Celebes; the
iturhistorisches Hof museum, Vienna, 100 specimens of Euro-
ptogams; the Royal Museum of Natural History, Stockholm,
imens of Lepidoptera; the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St.
Tg, 102 specimens of land and fresh- water shells from Central
e Royal Museum, Turin, specimens of fossil Nummulites and
es; the Royal Gardens, Calcutta, 120 plants from India; the
28 REJPOM OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Botanic Gardens, Durban, Natal, 100 South African plants; the
Botanic Gardens, Sydney, New South Wales, 30 plants from New
South Wales; the Museo Nacional, Montevideo, Uruguay, 35 paleo-
lithic implements.
The material obtained in exchange from individuals abroad was as
follows: From Mr. W. E. Helman, London, 30 birds' eggs from Ice-
land and England; from Mr. H. W. Parritt, London, 23 specimens of
echinoderms and crustaceans; from Mr. B. W. Priest, Norfolk, Eng-
land, 4 boxes of foraminifera from the island of Jersey; from Mr.
H. Sidebottom, Cheadle Hume, near Stockport, Cheshire, foramini-
fera from Great Britain and the Seychelles Islands; from M. Ernest
Andr^ Haute-Saone, France, 10 specimens including 4 cotypes of
Mutillids; from M. Georges Lachenand, Limoges, France, 30 speci-
mens of European mosses and hepatica; from M. Stanislas Meunier,
Museum of Natural History, Paris, a meteorite from Tadjera, Algiers;
from M. Phileas Rousseau, Notre Dame de Mont, Vendee, 19 speci-
mens of trilobitos, 5 of BeUerophon and other fossils from the Silu-
rian formation of France; from Mr. A. Callier, Rosswein, Saxony,
273 plants from Russia; from Dr. Aristides Brezina, Vienna, meteor-
ites from Jellica, Merciditas, and San Juliao; from Mr. Julius Bohm,
Vienna, a piece of meteorite from Erghes, Somaliland, Africa, weigh-
ing 427 grams; from Mr. Embr. Strand, Christiania, Norway, 261
specimens of Lepidoptem and 20 specimens of Orthoptera; from Mr.
G. van Roon, Leiden, Holland, 120 specimens of Coleoptei*a; from
Dr. K. Kishinouye, Imperial Fisheries Bureau, Tokyo, Japan, photo-
graphs of Japanese corals; from Dr. T. H. Holland, director of the
Geological Survey of India, a meteorite from Shergooty, India; from
Mr. F. H. McK. Grant, North Carlton, Melbourne, Australia, a speci-
men of Upper Silurian starfish and a specimen of Lower Silurian
cephalopod; from Dr. A. Duges, Guanajuato, Mexico, 32 insects.
RESEARCHES.
Under the act of Congress founding the Smithsonian Institution the
Museum staff is charged with the classification and arrangement as well
as with the care and preservation of the national collections, and
although man}^ of the accessions have been previously worked up, the
greater number reach the Museum unstudied and unnamed.
In selecting the assistants in every grade, therefore, it has been
necessary from the beginning to consider their qualifications with
reference to expert knowledge of the groups of specimens to be placed
under their charge, and in this manner a very effective though small
staff of paid scientific workei*s has been assembled. The greater part
of the time of these assistants has, naturally, to be given to the routine
duties attendant upon the receipt, assorting, labeling, cataloguing, and
disposition of the collection as received, but by working outside the
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 29
>fficial hours, a characteristic of every zealous man of science, they
ire to be credited every year with important progress in classification
md in other studies. Besides the paid assistants, however^ there are
learly as many volunteer or honorary members of the scientific staff,
illing positions for which the appropriations are insuflScient to make
provision, and from these also extensive results in the elaboration of
x)llections are obtained. But notwithstanding these facts the Museum
iepends to a large extent, for the study of its collections, on the
cooperation of scientific men belonging to other institutions, their
svork being done gratuitously, and frequent calls are made upon its
resources to aid in researches conducted under other auspices.
In the Department of Anthropology, Prof. O. T. Mason, the Acting
Head Curator, was mainly occupied in completing his revised paper
3n aboriginal basketry which is to appear as an appendix to the
Annual Report for 1902. Dr. A. Hrdlicka, Assistant Curator of
Physical Anthropology, made a study of the Lansing skeleton, includ-
ing an examination of other material. A description of the Parsee
3reed and ceremonials represented in the collections of the Museum
svas prepared by Dr. I. M. Casanowicz and published in the American
Anthropologist. Dr. Cyrus Adler and l^r. Casanowicz continued their
wrork on a bibliography of Assyriology.
Among the investigators from other places who were given facilities
for making studies on anthropological subjects were M. Pittier, head
3f the National Museum of Costa Rica; Dr. Carl von den Steinen, of
Berlin; Dr. Hjalmar Stolpe, director of the Royal Museum of Sweden
it Stockholm; Prof. Hartmann, of Stockholm; Dr. A. B. Hunter of
Elaleigh, N. C; Dr. E. A. Bogue, of New York City; and Dr. Walde-
mar Bogoi'as, of the American Museum of Natural History. Doctor
Bogoras's visit was made in the interest of his explorations among the
bribes of northeastern Siberia and for the purpose of ascertaining
whether any material of Siberian origin was contained in the extensive
Eskimo collection of this Museum.
In the Department of Biology Mr. G. S. Miller, jr.. Assistant Cura-
tor of Mammals, gave special attention to the working up of Doctor
Abbott's collections of East Indian mammals, in which he has already
iiscovered 17 new species of mouse deer (genus Tragulu^)^ 16 new
-jpecies belonging to other orders, and one new genus {Lenothrix).
[n the Museum collection of American bats, he has found 20 unde-
w?ribed species, diagnoses of which have been published in the pro-
ceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. He has
ilso prepared notes on a number of species of bats and rodents. Dr.
E. A. Mearns, U. S. Army, made a study of the ocelots, the results of
s^hich were printed in the Museum Proceedings. Dr. M. W. Lyon, jr.,
tias completed a list of the tv'pe specimens of mammals, exclusive of
cetaceans, in the collections of the Museum, which number 469 species
30 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
and subspecies. Photographs of the types are still to be prepared.
Doctor Lyon has also pursued investigations on the osteology of the
rabbits, and has published two brief notes on other mammals. The
head curator of biolog}^ Dr. Frederick W. True, completed an enten-
sive and important monograph on the North American and European
species of whalebone whales, his manuscript being submitted for pub-
lication toward the close of the year. He also prepared papers on
Doctor Philippi's species of Chilean porpoises, on a killer whale
stranded on the coast of Maine, and on a species of Proddphinm
obtained at Honolulu; and notes on the name of the common porpoise
of the genus TuvHiiojys^ and on the occurence of the pollack whale,
Bala^maptera horealis^ in American waters.
The second volume of Mr. Robert Ridgway's manual of North and
Central American birds, containing 854 pages of text and 22 plates,
was issued during the year. It deals with the families of Tanagers,
Troupials, Honey Creepers and Wood Warblers (Tanagridse, Icteridsc,
Coerebidae and Mniotiltidse), comprising 77 genera and 433 species
and subspecies. "The preparation of the third volume, covering 15
families, is well advanced, about 400 pages being now in type. A
paper by Dr. Charles W. Richmond on the birds collected by Doctor
Abbott and Mr. C. B. Kloss, in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands has
been published, and Doctor Richmond has also spent mu(»h time in
working up the Abbott collection of birds from the west coast of
Sumatra, and a collection from the South Pacific. He has likewise
made considerable progress with the card catalogue of the genera and
species of birds. Dr. William L. Ralph continued the preparation of
material for a volume on the life-histories of North American birds
with special reference to their nests and eggs, supplemental to the
unfinished work of the late Major C. E. Bendire, U. S. Army.
Dr. Leonhard Stejneger completed his report on the reptiles of
Porto Rico and has been engaged in the investigation of the reptile
fauna of Eastern Asia. Papers by Doctor Stejneger on Holbrookes
salamander and on the reptiles of the Huachu(ui Mountains, Arizona,
were published by the Museum during the year.
In connection with an extensive work on the Tertiary mollusks
of Florida, Dr. W. H. Dall prepared reviews of the recent species of
Veneridaj, Carditacea, Cyrenacea, and Astartidie. Mr. Bartsch con-
tinued his studies on the Pyramidellidte, which wore nearly finished at
the close of the year.
Dr. W. H. Ashmead continued his work upon the classification of
the Chalcid-flies, which is now in course of printing by the Carnegie
Museum, and published several papers on the wasps of the groups
Vespoidea, Proctotrypoidea, and Cynipoidea. He had also in course
of preparation monographs on the North American Bmconida> and the
Jai^Jinese Hymenopteni, and a catalogue of North American Hyme-
BEPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 31
noptera. Mr. D. W. Coquillett was occupied in identifying and arrang-
ing the Diptera and completed a revision of the genera of the family
Empididie. A paper by him descriptive of 4 new genera and 94 new
species of North American diptera was printed in the Proceedings.
Mr. Nathan Banks published 1 6 papers on spiders and other entomo-
logical subjects. A paper on dragon-flies and one on ant-lions, by
Mr. Kolla P. Currie, were published by the Entomological Society of
Washington. Mr. Currie continued work on a catalogue of North
American Neuropteroid iiLsects, and on a monograph of the ant-lions.
Mr. August Busck published two papers on the codling-moth and one
on a new species of the family Yponomentidie, and also a revision of
the American moths of the family Gelechiida;. The Museum Proceed-
ings for the year contained a paper by Dr. H. (>. D3'ar on the larvae
of moths from Colorado, and an additional sec^tion of Dr. John G.
Smith's monograph of the moths of the family Noctuida\
The researches by Dr. J. E. Benedict includexl a revision of the
genus LephloiKi^ descriptions of new Galatheidte, Albuneidte, and
Dromida?, and studies upon the Anomuran ci'abs collected in Japanese
and Hawaiian waters by the Fish C/onmiission steamer Alhitrons^ and
upon several interesting annelids. Miss M. J. Rathbun continued
work on a monograph of the fresh-water crabs based on the collec-
tions of the U. S. National Museum, the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle,
Paris, the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard University,
and other institutions. She also prepared live short papers on
crustaceans which were printed during the year.
Miss Harriet Richardson completed reports on the Isopod crustace-
ans collected in Hawaii and Japan by the Fish Commission steamer
Alhatrms^ and in Japan by the U. S. S. Polos in 1881, and by Dr.
D. S. Jordan and J. O. Snyder in 1900, and also on some cymothoids
collected by Dr. C. H. Gill)ert on the west coast of Central America,
and on the American Epicaridea in the U. S. National Museum.
Dr. C. W. Stiles, Custodian of the helminthological collections,
made an extended investigation of a parasitic disease prevalent among
the people of the Southern States, which he found to be due to the
attacks of an undescribed species of hook-worm, Unclnarla amerkana^
and carried on inquiries regarding the frequency of the occurrence of
parasites in men. He published twelve papers during the year relat-
ing to parasitology, three of these having been prepared conjointly
with Dr. Albert Hassall and Mr. Charles A. Pfender; and also the
first three parts of an index-catalogue of medical and veterinary
zoology, with Doctor Hassall as coauthor.
In the Division of Plants, an unusual amount of routine work, espe-
cially in connection with the rearrangement of the collections, pre-
vented the accomplishment of much scientific research. A third
section of Dr. J. N. Rose's studies of Mexican and Central American
plants, and a jmper by the same author in conjunction with Mr.
32 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
W. B. Hemsley on the geuus Julianm were printed. Doctor Rose also
continued work on the Crassulaceae of North America conjointly with
Doctor Britton, and completed a preliminary paper relating to that
group of plants. Mr. C. L. Pollard contributed a number of notes
to the Plant World, and described two new violets from the United
States. With Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell he also published descriptions
of four new plants from New Mexico. Mr. W. R. Maxon continued
his studies on the Museum collection of ferns, and Mr. Edward S.
Steele completed a monograph on a section of the genus Lacimaria.
Access to the collections in biology were accorded during the year
to a considerable number of visiting naturalists. The meetings of
the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Society
of American Naturalists, and other affiliated societies during convoca-
tion week brought together in Washington many prominent investi-
gators, and while their time was limited, some of them took advantage
of the opportunity to examine specimens in the line of their specialty.
The committee on nomenclature of the American Ornithologists' Union
during its meeting from April 16 to 18 made extensive use of the
bird collection in determining the status of North American species.
Among individual ornithologists to whom the same privilege was
given were Prof. W. W. Cooke, Mr. E. W. Nelson, Mr. H. C. Ober-
holser, and Mr. W. H. Osgood, of the Department of Agriculture;
Mr. Outram Bangs, of Boston; Dr. J. Dwight, jr., of New York City;
and Mrs. Florence Merriam Bailey, of Washington.
Mr. Thomas Barber, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, was here for
some time studying the Old World chameleons, which he proposes to
monograph. Among students of entomology who conducted work
at the Museum were Dr. W. J. Holland, Director of the Carnegie
Museum, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; Prof. John B. Smith, of Rutgers
College, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Dr. James A. G. Rehn and Mr.
J. Chester Bradley, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Mr. H. H. Ballou,
of Amherst, Massachusetts, and Dr. Walter Horn, of Berlin, Germany.
Prof. W. P. Hay, of Howard University, Washington, continued
his studies upon crayfishes and other fresh-water crustaceans, and
completed descriptions of the species collected by himself at Mam-
moth Cave, Kentucky, and Nickajack Cave, Tennessee, and by Dr.
C. H. Eigenmann in Cuba. Prof. G. I. Hamaker, of Trinity College,
Durham, North Carolina, examined the specimens of Cerianthus; Miss
Katherine J. Bush, of the Peabod}^ Museum of Yale University, cer-
tain type specimens of Annelids, and Dr. S. J. Holmes, of the Uni-
versity of Michigan, certain species of Amphipod crustaceans.
The principal visiting botanists have been Dr. N. L. Britton, Direc-
tor of the New York Botanical Garden; Dr. L. M. Underwood, of
Columbia University, New York City; Mr. Theodor Holm, of Brook-
land, District of Columbia; and Dr. E. L. Greene, of the Catholic
University, Washington.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 33
The herbarium has also lieeii iionstaiitly utilized by the l)otanists of
the Department of Agriculture.
A large amount of material from the Department of Biology was
lent to specialists for study or sent to them for working up in the
interest of the National Musemn. The Biological Survey of the
Department of Agriculture had the use of man}' specimens of mam-
mals, and specimens of the same group were sent out of the city as
follow^s:
To Mr. James A. G. Rehn, of the Philadelphia Academy of Natui-al
Sciences, 41 specimens of several groups for use in his report on
terrestrial vertebrates collected in portions of southern New Mexico
and western Texas, ])esides 14 specimens of Xyctln(mii(i<: to Mr. D. G.
Elliot, of the Field Columbian Museum, 35 spe(»imens for use in con-
nection with his work on the mammals of Middle America; to Dr.
J. A. Allen, of the Americjin Museum of Natural History, 108 speci-
mens for use in connection with his studv of the mammals of eastern
Siberia; to Mr. J. L. Bonhote, of the British Museum of Natuml
History, who is making a study of the Malayan fauna, 18 skins and
skulls of Mva: to Dr. John M. Ingersoll, of Cleveland, Ohio, who is
working upon the comparative anatomy of the ithmoid region of the
mamma ian skull, 10 specimens of skulls; to Dr. Harris H. Wilder, of
Smith Col.ege, for use in embryologicJil studies, specimens of the
embrj'o of Mania javanica; to Dr. E. A. Mearns, U. S. Army, sta-
tioned at Fort Snelling. Minnesota, i) specimens of manmials from the
Philippine region; and to Mr. Witmer Stone, of the Academy of
Natuml Sciences, Philadelphia, specimens of Xijctlcthxui.
The Division of Birds furnished 13 specimens of Parm hudsimicua^
and 68 specimens, mainly of (Hoatris^ to Mr. Frank M. Chapman, of
the American Museum of Natural History; 8 specinjens from the
Malay Peninsula, Java, and Sumatra to Mr. AVitmer Stone, of the
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadel|)hia; 2\) specimens of plover
to Dr. Jonathan Dwight, jr., of New York City; and smaller lots to
Mr. Walter K. Fisher and Mr. Joseph Grinnell, of Palo Alto, Cali-
fornia; Mr. Outran! Bangs, of Boston; Mr. W. C. Ferril, of tlie State
Historical and Natural History Society, Denver, Colorado; Dr. 11. M.
Strong, of Haverford College; Mr. Carl Hellniayr, of the Zoological
Museum, Munich, Bavaria, and Mr. \V. A. Bryan, of the Bishop
Museum, Honolulu.
The loans from the Division of Insects have been numerous and
included several large lots rei^uested for monographic purposes. The
principal sendings were as follows: A large (juantity of uuiterial, chiefly
representing Odonata and Pl(»copteni to Prof. James G. Needham, of
Lake Forest University, Illinois; about 2,500 l>ees of th(» family Andre-
nida^ to Mr. H. L. Viereck, of the Academy of Natuml Sciences of
WAT MU8 1903 3
34 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Philadelphia; over 6(K) specimens, mostly of Dermaptera and Orthop-
tem, to Mr. James A. G. R(?hn, of the same academy; 285 specimens
of Odonata to Dr. Philip P. Calvert, also of the Philadelphia Academy,
1,883 specimens of Sphecida^ to Dr. IL C. Fernald, of Amherst, Massa-
chusetts; 1,570 sj>eeimens of Ptinidae to Prof. H. C. Fall, of Pasadena,
California; 532 specimens of Jassoidea, for use in writing up the
Mexican and (Central American speckles of this group for the Biologia
Centrali-Americana, to Prof. Elme;* D. Ball, of the State Agricultural
College of Utah; over 200 specimens of Nomadida? to Prof. T. D. A.
Cockerell, of Ea«t l^as Vegas, New Mexico; 1,000 specimens of Myri-
apoda to Dr. Karl M. Friedr. Kraejx?lin, Naturhistorisches Museum,
Hamburg, Germany; specimens of the families Multillidw,Thynnidie,
Myrmarida*, etc., to M. Ernest Andre, of Gray, France; 10(> speci-
mens of Ophionids, to Dr. E. P. Felt, New York State entomologist;
55 specimens of Fulgoridie to Mr. Otto H. Swezey, of the Ohio Stute
University; 125 specimens of Tettigida? to Prof. J. L. Hancock, of
Chicago, Illinois; specimens of Tabanidie to Prof. J. S. Iline, of the
Ohio State Universit}-; specimens of Lepidoptem to Dr. W. J. Hol-
land, of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg; specimens of Cephidte to
Mr. J. Chester Bradlev, of the Acadeniv of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia; specimens of Fulgoridte to Prof. W. S. Blatchley, State geolo-
gist of Indiana; specimens of Noctuida* to Prof. John B. Smith, of
Rutgers College, New Jersey; and specimens of Hemiptera to Prof.
R. Uhler, of Baltimore.
A number of specialists connected with other institutions are engaged
in studying for the Museum the entire material of sevenil groups of
marine invert(*brates, and all report satisfactory progress at the close
of the year. Prof. Charles L. Edwards, of Trinity College, Hartford,
has the pedate holothurians; Prof. Hubert Lyman Clark, of Olivet
College, Michigan, the apodal holothurians; Prof. C. C. Nutting, of
the University of Iowa, the hydroids, of which he has nearly ready
a monograph of the Sertularia; Dr. Charles B. Wilson, of the State
Normal School, Westfield, Massachusetts, the parasitic copepods, one
family of which, the Argulidiv, was completed and reported on during
the year; Mr. R. W. Sharpe, of Wilmette, Illinois, the ostracoda;
Mr. T. Wayland Vaughan, of the U. S. Geological Survey, the madre-
pomrian corals, and Prof. A. G. Mayer, scientific director of the
museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, who is finish-
ing the uncompleted studies of the late Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, on the
Museum collection of Achatinellida*.
Material from the Division of Marine Invertebrates was also sent
out during the year as follows: To Dr. R. P. Bigelow, of the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology, the stomatopcxls <'ollected by the
Fish Commission stcnimer AUmtrosH in Hawaiian and Samoan waters,
for report; to Prof. H. Coutiere, of the Ecole Superieure de Pharmacia,
BEPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 35
iris, the AlpheidsB obtained on the same expedition and the j^eneral
Li^eum collection of this group, for monographing; to the Rev. T.
R. Stebbing, of Tunbridge Wells, England, new species of amphi-
•ds from Costa Rica and Cocos Island; to Dr. S. J. Holmes, of the
[liversity of Michigan, specimens of New England amphipods; to
r. J. P. McMurrich, of the same university, specimens of Atlantic
atst actinians; to Dr. C. B. Davenport, of the University of Chicago,
ecimens of fresh-water polyzoa from Maine.
From the Division of Plants the principal loans were as follows: To
r. Oakes Ames, the Ames Botanical Laboratory, North Easton,
assachusetts, about 400 specimens of orchids; to Dr. L. M. Under-
)od, of the New York Botanical Garden, specimens of ferns from
)rto Rico, Guatemala and Cuba; to Dr. P. A. Rydberg, of the same
tablishment, 217 specimens; to Dr. John K. Small, also of the New
>rk Garden, several specimens of ditferent groups; to Dr. B. L.
>bin8on, of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 272 speci-
3ns; to Mr. C. S. Sargent, of Harvard University, specimen of
ocorin; to Mr. C. D. Beadle, of the Biltmore Herbarium, 287 speci-
5ns of Rudheckia^ 322 of Coreopsis^ and representatives of other
oups; to Prof. William Trelease, director of the Shaw Botanical
irden, St. Louis, specimens of yucca; to Mr. R. F. Griggs, of the
lio State University, specimens of Porto Rican and Guatemalan
ints; to Dr. C. E. Waters, of Johns Hopkins University, specimens
Pliegopterw; to Mr. Aven Nelson, of the University of W^-oming,
specimens; to Mrs. Caroline W. Harris, of Ticonderoga, New York,
ecimens of Umhllicariu and Sttcta; to Mr. E. G. Baker, of the
itish Museum of Natural History, specimens of LdclniarM; to the
)yal Botanical Garden, Kew, I^ndon, four plants; to Mr. C. L.
lear. Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, District of Columbia,
ecimens of fungi; to Mr. Theodor Holm, of Brookland, District of
>lumbia, specimens of Careoc^ ScirpuSy Betula^ LychnU^ etc.
In the Department of Geology Mr. Wirt Tassin conducted investi-
tions upon the meteorites in the Museum collection and Mr. W. C.
lalen made a study of the rock specimens collected in Greenland in
97 bv Mr. Charles Schuchert and Mr. David White. Mr. Schuchert
ntinued his researches on the Ijower Devonic fauna and completed a
idy of the Cvstidea of the Manlius and Coevmans formations. Mr.
S. Bassler has in preparation papers on fossil Bryozoa and Ostra-
da, one of these reviewing the Bryozoa of the Rochester shale being
A\ advanced.
Among the visitors to this department were Mr. G. C. Martin and
r. M. V. Twitchell, of the Maryland Stut<». (jeological Survey, who
>rked upon the colUn^tion of fossils from the Miocene formation
Maryland; Mr. F. B. Laney, of the (Geological Survey of North
krolina, who studied the collection of building stones in prepamtion
36 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
for work along this line in North Carolina; Dr. Arthur Hollick,
assistant curator of botany in the New York Botanical Grardens, who
made examinations of fossil plants in connection with his work on the
island series of the Upper Cretaceous in preparation for his proposed
investigations on the Yukon River during the summer of 1903; and
Prof. H. F. Osborn, Dr. S. W. Williston, Dr. O. P. Hay, Mr. J. B.
Hatcher, and Dr. William Patten, all of whom are carrying on
researches of greater or less extent upon fossil vertebrates.
Among the most important loans and gifts made from this depart-
ment during the year were material furnished to the Division of
Chemistry and Physics of the U. S. Geological Survey, and the Divi-
sion of Roads and the Bureau of Soils of the Department of Agricul-
ture; specimens of Upper Carboniferous insects to Dr. C. E. Beecher,
of the Peabody Museum of Yale University; specimens of Crinoids to
Prof. A. W. Grabau, of Columbia University; specimens of Tertiary
insects to Prof. S. W. Williston, of the University of Chicago, for
monographic work; a large number of Carboniferous insects to Dr.
Anton Handlirsch, of the Royal Austrian Muvseum, Vienna, also for
monographic work; and a large mmiber of Lower Siluric graptolite«
from New York, Vermont, and Massachusetts, to Dr. John M. Clarke,
State paleontologist of New York.
PKOORESS IN THE INSTALIJ^TIOX OF THE EXHIBITION COLLECTIONS.
The overcrowded condition of the public halls which began a num-
of years ago precludes any extensive additions to the exhibition series,
and this must continue until the completion of the new building
recently authorized b}' Congress. Small objects can be given a place
here and there, but any considerable changes are rendered possible
only through the withdrawal and transf(»r to stoi-age of collections
already on display. During the past year the principal progress made
in this connection has had reference to improvements in the methods
and details of installation.
In the Department of Anthropology temporary- accommodations
have been furnished on the gallery of the north-west court for the
impoiiant ethnological collections from the Philippine Islands dis-
played at the Pan-American Exposition. The entire Eskimo collection
has been gone over, and the large series of specimens secured by the
Museum -Gates expedition has bei^n arranged in the stoi^age-cases of
the Pueblo court. The labeling of the historical collections has l^een
completed, and new case lal)els have becMi prepared for the Divisions
of Historic and Prehistoric Archeology and for the section of historic
religious ceremonials. The cases containing iho manuscripts and vari-
ous editions of the Bible were repaintinl, and the collections rearranged
to facilitate their examination by visitors.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 37
The work of completing the exhibition series in several of the divi-
sions of the Department of Biologj-, and of improving their appearance
by changes in methods of installation, has been vigorously pushed.
Progress in tliis regard was. most* noticeable in the halls devoted to
mammals, marine invertebrates, insects, and fishes. About 200 case
labels have been added to the exhibits of mammals, birds, reptiles,
batrachians, insects, and the lower invertebrates, and a series of case
labels for the collection of comparative anatomy has been completed.
The interiors of the wall-cases, in the galleries of the south hall
containing Old World mammals, have been repainted in a color simi-
lar to that used in the corresponding cases on the main floor, and this
change has resulted in displaying the specimens to much better
advantage. A similar change has also been made in regard to the
floor cases in the gallery containing small mammals. Three new
cases have been constructed against the south wall of this hall. One
contains the North American weasels and related forms; the two
others, the smaller South American mammals. The cases on the
main floor of the south hall have been furnished with new fittings, so
that they are now uniform in design and color. The labeling of the
American small mammals has been greatly improved, while the labels
for the Old World series have been revised and very largely replaced
with new ones.
Considerable improvement has been made in the appearance of the
exhibition of marine invertebrates, which occupies the west hall in the
Smithsonian building. The interior of all the wall-cases has been
repainted in black, as furnishing a better background for the corals
and sponges than the maroon formerly employed. The display of
insects in the next adjoining hall or corridor has been enlarged by
extensive additions to the systematic series of North American insects,
which it is hoped to complete during the coming year.
The wall cases in the south-east range of the Museum building have
been retronstructed, and the systematic collection of casts of North
American fishes has been rearranged and installed to much better
advantage than formerly. A number of casts of large and striking
species have l)een repaired and repainted. The labeling of the casts
of reptiles and batrachians exhibited in floor cases in the same range
has also been largelj- revised.
The bird groups displayed in the main hall of the Smithsonian
building, sixteen in numl)er, have been partly renovated, and one of
them, consisting of three fine specimens of the Argus pheasant, pre-
sented to the Museum some years age })y Dr. W. L. Abbott, has been
entirely remounted, making it the most striking feature of the room.
Many important changes have been made in the halls containing the
geological collections. The exhibit of geographic ores in the south-
west court has been carefully overhauled, the cases being thoroughly
38
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
cleaned and the specimenn rearranged. The nonmetallic minerals,
exhibited in the gallery of the same court, have been similarly worked
over. The cases in the west- south range containing the stratigraphic
and historical collections have been reconstructed and the specimens
rearranged. The collection of fossil plants has been partially rear-
ranged, and new labels have replaced the temporary ones on the Pale-
ozoic specimens. Labels have also been printed for the Triassic plants.
To the exhibition of vertebrate paleontology will soon be added a
specimen of Cluosaunis^ the preparation of which has occupied nearly
a year, and the mounted skeleton of a mastedon obtained at Church,
Michigan, in 1901.
VISITORS.
There was, during the past year, a large increase in the number of
visitors to the national collections. The total number of persons
admitted to the Museum building was 315,307, against 173,888 for
1902, an increase of 81 per cent; and to the Smithsonian building
181,174, against 144,107 for the previous year, an increase of about 26
per cent.
The following tables show, respectively, the attendance during each
month of the past year, and during each year beginning with 1881,
when the Museum building was iirst opened to the public:
July
August
September
October . . .
November
December .
January.
Februar>'
March...
April
May
Jun*'
Year and month.
1902.
1«KW.
Smithsonian
building.
Museum
building.
10.935
11,&»
13,601
18,880
12,719
19,.t06
59,096
131,448
9,032
14,437
9.785
13.037
Total
Approximate daily average on u ba.sis of 'M'A days in tho ywir
9,286
10,722
16,122
11.256
9.909
13.631
14.455
16.527
26,6rt4
17,443
17,430
BEPOBT OF ASSISTANT 8ECBETABY.
39
Number of visitors to the MiiAe^im and SmitJutonian buildings sinee the opening of the
former in 188 1.
Year.
1H81
1882
1883
18^ (half year)
18M-8!>a
1885-86
1886-^
1887-J»
1888-891.
1890-91
1891-92
1892-93 «.
1893-94
1894-95 . .
1896-96..
lS96-97a.
1897-98
l«98-99
189^1900 . .
1900-1901 «.
1901-2
1902-3
ToUl.
Muflenm
Smithflonian
buildiDg.
building.
150,000
100,000
167,455
162,744
202,188
104,823
97,661
45,565
205.026
105,993
174,225
88,960
216,562
98.562
249,665
102,863
374,843
149.618
274,324
120,894
286,426
111,669
269,825
114,817
319,930
174,188
195.748
103,910
201,744
105,658
180, 5a5
103.650
229,606
115,709
177,254
99,273
192,471
116,912
225,440
138,147
216,556
151,563
173,888
144,107
315,307
181,174
5,096 649
2,725,789
« Years of Presidential inauguration.
MEETINGS AND LECTURES.
In accordance with the custoni of previous years, certain scientific
societies and other bodies wen^ allowed the use of the lecture hall in
the Museum building for the purpose of holding meetings and giving
lectures, as follows:
On September 20, 1002, the associates and friends of Maj. John
Wesley Powell gathered here to commemorate the life and services of
this distinguished public man, the founder and director of the Bureau
of American Ethnology and for some time Direc^tor of the Geological
Survey, whose lamented death occurred but three days before.
From November 18 to 2i) a national conference of the various Audo-
bon societies of the United States was held, in conjunction with the
American Ornithologists' Union.
On November 22 Prof. John Ritchie, jr., of the Yerkes Observa-
tory, delivered under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution an
interesting lecture on Recent Celestial Photography.
On November 25 Dr. L. O. Howard, Entomologist of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture and Honorary Curator of Insects in the National
Museum, lectured on the subject of Entomology before an audience
composed largely of officers of the United States Arm\' and Navy.
40 REPORT (►F NATTIONAL MUSEUM, 19a3.
On D<»coinlM»r 27 seviM'al interesting talks, illustrated with lantern
slides, Avere given l)v members of the Soeiety for the Preservation of
Wild Flowers.
In the evening of January 1, 11K)8, an informal reception was ten-
dered to the members of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of S<'ience, the American Society of Naturalists, and other
affiliated societies, then in session in this citv.
During February and March a course of free Saturday afternoon
lectures was given, under the auspices of the Biological Society of
Washington, as follows: February l-t. An entomologist in ('hina and
Japan, by Mr. C. L. Marlatt; February 21, Ancient birds and their
associates, })y Mr. Frederics A. Lucas: February 28, Views of Liberia,
bj^ Prof. (). F. Cook; March 7, The making of new plants, by Mr.
H. J. Web})er; March 14, Three sununers in Alaska, by Mr. Wilfred
H. Osgood.
On April 4 the lecture hall was used for the graduating exercises of
the Naval Mediciil School, and on April 14 for those of the Army
Medical School.
The National Academy of Sciences held its annual meeting from
April 21 to 2J^, 1903, the business meetings taking place in the offices
of the assistant secretarv, and the reading of papers in the lecture
hall.
(M)RKKSI»ONI)KNCE.
One of the most onerous duties which has devolved upon the
Museum from the time of its establishment has been the furnishing
of information in response to inquiries from the public at large upon
all the various subjects within the scope of its several departments.
The letters received containing such requests average several daily
throughout the year, and are nirely confined to a single subject, often
relating to collections of greater or less size which are transmitted
for identilicjition. Nearly 1H)0 lots of sjK^cimens were received under
these conditions during th(» past year. These communications also
have reference, in many casivs, to th(» building up and maintenance of
collections, the construction of cases, the inst^illation, labeling, and
cataloguing of specimens, and other topics connected with museum
administmtion. Every communication of this diameter, made in
good faith, is responded to as promptly as possible, although the
labor involved draws very heavily upon th(» time of l)oth the scien-
tific and tin* clerical staffs.
A considenible proportion of the work of furnishing information
is accomplished through the nuKiium of Museum publications, of
which more than 2(>,0()() volumes and iMimphlets were distributed
during the year, besides the sendings to regular correspondents.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 41
PUBLICATIONS.
The publications of the Museum have consisted of an annual report,
comprising tht* second part, or volume, of the annual report of the
Smithsonian Institution; of a series of Proceedings for the ordinary
technical papers, and of a series of Bulletins for the longer technical
papers or monographs. In 1894 the National Herbarium, which, for
lack of space, had been held at the Department of Agriculture since
1869, was returned to the National Museum, but the publication con-
nected with it and entitled ^' Contributions from the National Herba-
riunr' established in 1890, continued to be issued by the Department
of Agriculture until this year, when Congress, upon the recommenda-
tion of the Secretary of Agriculture, transferred its management to
the National Museum, in accordance with the following item in the
sundrv civil act for 1908:
For printing and publishing the contributions from the United States National
Herbarium, the e<litions of which shall not be less than three thousand copies,
including the preparation of necessary illustrations, proof reading, bibliographical
work, and special editorial work, seven thousan<l dollars: Prorided^ That one-half of
said copies shall be plac^ on sale at an advance of ttni \)eT centum over their cost.
Under this provision volumes ii and vii previously published and
entitled respectively Botanj" of Western Texas, by J. M. Coulter, and
Systematic and Geographic Botany and Aboriginal Use of Plants, by
Coulter, Rose, Cook, and Chesnut, the editions of which had become
exhausted, were reprinted, and also the following new Contributions,
parts 1, 2, and 3 of volume viii, consisting of Studies of Mexican
and Central American Plants, })y J. N. Rose; Economic Plants of
Porto Rico, by O. F. Cook and G. N. Collins; and A Study of cer-
tain Mexican and Guatemalan speci(\s of PolypoduDu^ by William R.
Maxon.
Of the Bulletins of the Museum the most important one issued was
the second volume of Robert Ridgwax's extensive monograph on the
Birds of North and Middle America, covering the families Tanagridae
(Tanagers), Icteridaj (Troupials), C(ere})id}e (Honey Creepers), and
Mniotiltida; (Wood Warblers). The third volume, sent to the printer
before the close of the fiscal year, treats of th(» Motacillidie (Wagtails
and Pipits); Ilirundinidte (Swallows), Vireonidte (Vireos), Ampelidiai
(Waxwings), Ptiliognatidje (Silk(»n Chatterers), Dulida^ (Palm Chat-
terers), I^niida' (Shrikes), Corvidje (Crows and »Ia3's), Paridai (Tit-
mice), Sittidie (Nuthatch<\s), C(»rthiida^ (Creepers), Troglodytida?
(Wrens), Cinclidje (Dippers), Channeiida* (Wrentits), and Sylviidae
(Kinglets, etc.).
Another noteworthy bulletin was that by Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, of
the Division of Insects, entitled A List of North American Lepidop-
tera and Kev to the Liteniture of this Order of Insects. It is num-
l>ered 52, and comprises 72»^ octsivo pages.
42 REPORT OE* NATIONAL MUSKtJM, 1903.
The intere&t manifested in the history and anthropology of our
Philippine and other insular possessions rendered desinible the issu-
ance of instructions for the guidance of collectors of objects in these
branches, and to secure this purpose there has been printed an addi-
tional part of Bulletin 39 (Pai-t Q), prepared by Mr. W. H. Holmes
and Prof. O. T. Mason, under the title Instructions to Collectors of
Historical and Anthropological Specimens.
The twenty-fourth volume of Proceedings, printed in bound format
the beginning of the fiscal year, contains thirty-four papers (1241 to
1274, inclusive), all of which were issued in the form of-separates dur-
ing the preceding year. Fifteen of these papers were prepared by
members of the Museum staff, ten by Dr. David Starr Jordan and his
assisttmts, being mainly descriptions of Japanese fishes represented in
the Museum collections, and the remainder by other correspondents
and collalx)rators of the Museum.
Papers numbered from 1275 to 1305, constituting volume xxv,
and those numbered from 1306 to 1332 of volume xxvi, were also
printed by June 30. It is expected that imml)ers 1333 to 1349 will
soon be published, and that volumes xxv and xxvi will appear in
bound form during the summer of 1903.
There is a continuous demand for certain of the Museum publica-
tions no longer in stock, but the means this 3'ear have permitted the
reprinting of only the following: Mr. Robert Kidgway's paper on the
Humming Birds, from the Museum Report for 1900; Dr. StejnegerV
paper on The Poisonous Snakes of North America, from the Report
for 1893; Bulletin 37, entitled A Preliminary Catalogue of the Shell-
bearing Marine MoUusks and Bmchiopods of the Southeastern Coast
of the United States, by Dr. William H. Dall; parts F, G, H, I, J, K
of Bulletin 39, containing directions for collecting insects, shells, min-
erals, rocks, specimens illustrating the aboriginal uses of plants and
fossils, and the lii*st volume of Bulletin 47, entitled Fishers of North
and Middle America, bv Doctors flordan and Evermann.
All the pu})lications of the Museum are distributed l)y the Offic*e of
Correspondence and Documents, and it is estimated that during the
year not less than 10,000 volumes and 35,000 separate papers were
sent to libraries and individuals in the United States and foreign
countries.
Appendix IV of this report contiiins a list of the publications of the
Museum, of the members of its staff, and also of outside collalK)rators
to the extent that the papers of the latter were based on Museum
material. Th(» number of authors is 90, and the total number of
papers mentioned by title is 277.
&EPOBT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY.
43
In the following table the publications above mentioned are grouped
by subjects:
Subject.
Papers
by
Museum
ofiElcers.
Papers
by other
investi-
Kators.
Bibliosraphy
Biusrraphy
Birds
Botany
Comparative anatomy
Ethnology
Exploration
Fishes
Fossils
General natural hi8tor>- . .
Geology
Insects
Mammals
Marine invertebrates
Mollusks
Parasites
Physical anthropolc^y ...
Religious ceremonials
Reptiles and batrachians
Miscellaneous
1
5
15
11
2
2
1
3
14
Total
4
68
22
4
15
13
1
4
7
5
200
22
3
3
19
4
3
4
10
1
7
Total.
1
5
37
14
5
2
1
22
18
3
8
78
23
14
15
13
1
4
8
6
277
By permission of the Secretaiy the following twelve papers, pre-
pared by members of the staff and relating to material in the posses-
sion of the Museum, were printed in publications other than those of
the National Museum, namely: New Species of Plants from Mexico, by
C. L. Pollard (published in the Proceedings of the Biological Society
of Washington); An overlooked specimen of Chilonycter is pilot Is^ and
six short notes and papers on Chiroptera, by G. S. Miller, jr. (pub-
lished in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington);
Description of a new Quail-dove from the West Indies, by «r. II. Riley
(published in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington);
Pycraft's Classification of the Falconiformes, by Robert Ridgway (pub-
lished in Science); Descriptions of a New Species of Gecko from Cocos
Island, by Leonhard Stejneger (published in the Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington); On the Manlius Formation of
New York, by Charles Schuchert (published in the American Geolo-
gist); A newly found Meteorite from Mount Vernon, Christian County,
Ky., by George P. Merrill (published in the American Geologist);
two papers on new Traguli^ by Gerrit S. Miller, jr. (published in the
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington); Revision of
the North American Crassulacea^, by J. N. Rose, conjointly with Dr.
N. L. Britton (published in vol. 2 of the Bulletin of the New York
Botanical CJarden); On the Faunal Provinces of the Middle Devonic
44 REPORT OF NATIONAL MHSEUM, 1903.
of America and the Devonic Choral Subprovince8 of Russia, with two
Paleographie Maps, by Charles Schuchert (published in the AniericaD
Geologist); A New Liuid Shell from California, by Paul Bartsch (pul>-
lished in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington).
TJBKABY.
The assignment to the library of two of the galleries erected last
year, one in the west-north, the other in the north-west I'ange, has
added a considei-able amount of space, which has long been needed.
This area hjis l>een fitted up with convenient stacks, permitting a gen-
ei*al overhauling and a more systematic rearrangement of the books
and pamphlets. During the latter part of the summer of 1902 the
library was closed for a time to enable this work to be carried out.
Its contents were classified and a hirge number of volumes belonging
to the Smithsonian deposit were turned over to the Institution for
transmission to the Library of Congress.
The increase of the library has been mainly due to two very impor-
tant gifts — the Hubbard and Sc^hwarz and the Dall collections. The
former, consisting of 3(K) l)ooks and 1,500 pamphlets, was brought
together by Mr. II. (i. Hubbard and Mr. E. A. Schwarz (Custodian
of Coleoptera in the Museum), while carrying on their studies more
or less conjointly, and forms an accessory to their large collection of
insects, presented by them to the Museum several years ago. It is
an entomological library, having reference mainly to the American
Coleoptera. The contribution by Dr. William H. Dall, Honorary
Cuiator of Mollusks, comprises about 1,()00 bound volumes and about
2,000 pamphlets on the mollusca, a special librar}' of great value, which
has been accumulated by Dr. Dall during many years of research. It
is accompanied l)y a card catiilogue covering the literature of Con-
chology, both recent and fossil, down to about I860, though materially
added to since then.
The al>ove collections and also the Cioode library, purchased in 1898,
have })een provided with book-plates.
The Museum library now i)ossesses 1J),101 bound volumes, and
32,0(>3 unbound pamphlets, periodicals, etc. The cataloguing done
during the year compristMl l*l<) books, 1,571 pamphlets, and 9,838 parts
of periodicals, and 3,3 U> cards were added to the authoi's* catalogue.
The number of books, pamphlets and piM'iodicals borrowed from the
general library was 18,750, while the* number assigned to the sectional
libraries was 4,833. Then* has })e*»n no change in the sectional libra-
ries, which are as follows:
Administration Jiinls.
Administrative assistant IJotanv.
Anthropology. ' Children's room.
Biology. , Comparative anatomy.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 45
Mitor. Molhwks.
Ethnology.
Fishes.
History.
In.sect8.
Mammals.
Mfirine invertebrates.
Materia medica.
Mesozoic fossils.
Mineralogy.
Oriental archeology.
PaleolK)tanv.
ParasitetJ.
Photograpliy.
Prehistoric anthrojiology.
Reptiles.
Stratigraphic paleontology
Superintendent.
Taxidermy.
Technology
PHOTOGRAPHY.
Mr. T. W. Smillie, photographer of the Museum, reports that 1,689
negatives, 3,867 silver prints, 807 platinum prints, 41) lantern slides,
and 1,016 blueprints have been made, and a large number of prints
have been mounted. Under Mr. Smillie's direction much photographic
work has also been done for the National Zoological Park and the
Astrophysical Observatory, an assistant having been furnished by
those bureaus for that purpose.
Mr. Smillie has continued to act as chairman of the board of exam-
iners in photography for the IT. S. Civil Service Commission.
CXX)PERATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT.
The Museum has received, as usual, important assistance from
several of the Departments and Bureaus of the Government. Its rela-
tions to the U. S. Geological Survey, the U. S. Fish Commission, the
Biological Survey, and the Divisions of Entomology and JJotany of the
Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau of American Ethnology,
especially in regard to the transmission of collections, have been
referred to elsewhere. Officers of the Armv and Navv stationed in
the new possessions have made valuable contributions, and representa-
tives abroad of the Department of State have been instrumental in
securing interesting material. The Departments of War and of the
Navy have rendered generous help toward building up the collections
of history and of the implements of war, having presented and
deposited during the year many objects of exceeding interest and
value. The Army Medical Museum has cooperated most liberally in
promoting the welfare of the recently established Division of Physical
Anthropology, and special acknowledgments are due to the Quarter-
master's Department of the Army for many courtesies in connection
with the transportiition of specimens and outfits to and from distant
points.
THE LOUISIANA rilRCMASE EXPOSITION.
An act providing for the celel)ration in the city of St. Louis, Mis-
souri, of the one hundredth anniv<»rsary of the acquisition by the
United States of the "Louisiana Territory," purchased from France,
46 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
was approved by the President of the United States on March 3, 1901.
The sundiy civil bill for the year ending June 30, liH)3, carried an
appropriation of $800,000 to enable the Executive Departments, and
also the Smithsonian Institution and its bureaus, the U. S. Fish Com-
mission, the Department of Lal)or, the Library of Congress, and the
Bureau of the American Republics, to prepare suitable exhibits for the
occasion. Out of this appropriation the sum of |il 10,000 was allotted
to the Smithsonian Institution. Congress also appropriated $450,000
for the construction of a building for the display of the Government
collections.
Dr. Frederick W. True, Head Curator of Biology, has been desig-
nated by the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution to represent the
Institution and its bureaus on the Government board. The exposition
is expected to open on April 30 and to close on November 30, 1904.
The preparation of the exhibits under the Smithsonian Institution was
well under way at the ('lose of the year, and it is intended that the
display made shall surpass any previous efforts by this branch of the
Government.
ORGANIZATION AND STAFF.
The organizati(m of the Museum comprises an administrative ofSce
and three scientific departments, as follows: Anthropology, with 9
divisions and 4 sections; Biology, with 9 divisions and 13 sections,
and Geology, with 3 divisions and 3 sections. This shows an increase
of one division in Anthropology and of one section in Biology, the
former relating to physical anthropology, the latter to the lower algse,
which have been separated from the higher algie. At the close of the
year the scieiitilic staff consisted of 3 head curators, 17 curators, 13
assistant curators, 15 custodians, 12 aids, 4 associates, and 2 collabo-
rators, a total of 00 persons, only about one-half of whom were under
salary from the National Museum, the othei-s, mainly employees of
other Government bureaus, serving in a volunt-eer or honorary
capacity.
Mr. \V. II. Holmes, Head Curator of the Department of Anthro-
pology, having })een apix)inted Chief of the Bureau of American Eth-
nology, Prof. O. T. Mason, Curator of Ethnology, was on November
15, 1902, placed in charge of the Department as acting head curator.
Dr. A. Hrdlicka, whose researchers on the physical characteristics of
man are widely known, was on May 1, 19o3, designated as assistant
curator of the newly organized Division of Physical Anthropology.
Dr. G. T. Moore, of the Department of Agriculture, was appointed
custodian of the section of lower alga> on May 25, and at the same
time the designation of Mr. W. T. Swingle was changed to custodian
of the section of higher algjc.
On Decemb(»r 31, 11H)2, Mr. Charles T. Simpson resigned his posi-
t/o/j an principal aid in the Division of Mollusks, being succeeded by
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 47
Mr. Paul Bartsch, whose place was in turn taken by Mr. William B.
Marshall, appointed aid on April 1. Mr. R. G. Paine was made an
iid in the Division of Reptiles and Batrachians on April 6, and Mr.
r. Wayland Vaughan, Custodian of the Madreporarian Corals on
June 30.
A list of the members of the Museum staff is given in Appendix I.
NECKOUX4Y.
It is gratifying to note that during the past year no deaths have
^cc'urred in connection with the Museum staff, though among its
friends there have been several losses, onlv two of which will be men-
tioned here.
The first was that of Maj. J. W. Powell, explorer, geologist, and
inthropologist, for some time director of the U. S. Geological Survey,
uid the founder and director of the Bureau of American Ethnolog}\
\n account of his life and work will be found in the first volume of
:he Smithsonian report for 1902, and it need only be recalled here that
u nearly all the varied subjects of his personal studies and of his
idininistrative oversight he was brought into close relations with the
Vluseum, which is indebted to him for valuable collections, for wise
suggestions, and for a continued interest in its welfare.
The second loss resulted from the death of Dr. James Cushing
Merrill, of the United States Army, which occurred in Washington
3n Octoljcr 27, 1902. Doctor Merrill was born in Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts, in 1853, and after attending school in Germany, he entered
the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, from which
he was graduated in 1874. About a year later he was appointed
assistant surgeon in the United States Army. While stationed at
various military posts in the west and southwest, he devoted much
time to the study and collection of birds and eggs, generously giving
away his collections, the National Museum being one of his fav^ored
beneficiaries. The accession records show that between 1875 and 1896
no less than 28 separate lots of specimens were received from him,
these including a large number of valuable skins, eggs, and nests of
birds, besides mammals, fishes, and other natural history material.
Doctor Merrill was elected an active member of the American Orni-
thologists' Union at its first congress in 1883. He was a careful and
accumte observer of the habits of birds and mammals, and also con-
tributed several important papers to scientific literature. Two of
these were published in the Proceedings of the National Museum,
their titles being as follows: Notes on the Ornithology of Southern
Texas, being a list of birds observed in the vicinity of Fort Brown,
Texas, from February, 1876, to June, 1878, and On the Habits of the
Rockv Mountain Goat.
REPORTS OF UK AD CURATORS.
:port on thk department of ANTHKOI'OLCxjy By Otis T. Mason.
:fORT on the department <>F HIOI/mjY By Frederick W. True.
:P0RT f>N THE DEIWRTMENT of (;E0I.()<;Y By Georok p. Merrill.
NAT Mi'« 1903 1 49
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 53
of Japan; pair of modern bronze vases from the Empress of Japan;
gold toilet set from the King and Queen of Siam; lady's silver perfume
case from the Maharaja of Dekkan; poems of Japanese authors; ball
dress and slippers worn b}' Mrs. Grant at President Grant's second-
Inauguration ball; hu^quered })amboo case, gold-embossed, said to be
one thousand years old, and valued at many thousand dollars, from
the King and Queen of Siam; death mask of General Grant; riding
boots worn by General Grant at Appomattox, Virginia; velvet belt
worn by General Grant; saddle valise; two commissions; five addresses
to General Grant received when a))road; five certificates to General
Grant; menu cards, etc. Presented })v the children of General and
Mrs. Grant, through General Frederick D. Grant, U. S. Army.
6. Sword and shoulder straps worn by Gen. Frederick D. Grant,
D. S. Army, during the war with Spain, while participating in the
campaigns in Porto Rico and the Philippine Islands and in the Peking
Relief Expedition; pre^sented by Gen. Frederick D. Grant, U. S.
Arm3\
7. Painting, "The March of Time," from the artist, Mr. Henry
Sandham, London, England.
8. Plaster bust of George Washington, made from a life mask taken
by Jean Antoine Houdon at Mount Vernon in 1785; from Miss Eliza-
beth Bryant Johnston.
9. Bronze bust of Hon. Horatio King; f nmi his son, Mr. Horatio C.
King.
10. Cane of Horace Greeley; from Mr. H. S. Manning.
11. Costume worn by Prof. S. F. B. Morse when at the courts of
Europe; from his heirs, through Mrs. Franz Rummel.
12. Relics of Governor William Shannon, of Ohio and of Kansas;
from Mrs. Osborn Shannon.
13. Six pieces of American made porcelain, decorated and presented
by Mr. E. Lycett, Atlanta, Georgia.
14. Ten Graeco- Egyptian papyri, from the Egyptian Exploration
Fund.
15. The Division of Physical Anthropology has been enriched by
gifts of crania and parts of the human skeleton from Mr. E. W. Nelson,
Dr. John W^alsh, Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, Mr. Clarence B. Moore, the
U. S. Fish Commission, Dr. D. S. Lamb, L. C. Harris, and the Army
Medical Museum.
10. Collection of 887 \)iectvs of gold, silver, and copper coins, from
Mrs. E. M. Chapman.
17. An Austrian flint-lock pistol used in the Napoleonic wars; pre-
sented by Baron P. Paumgarten, chancellor of the Austro-Hungarian
£mbassv.
18. Several Morse telegraph keys of the earliest type used in this
oountry; presented by Mr. C. M. Lewis.
54 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903,
19. A number of important accessions which have been in the
Museum for several years as deposits have, during the year, been
presented to the Institution and thus have l>ecome permanent exhibits.
• Among these are: Dividing engine and slide re.st invented by James
Kamsden, presented b}' the executors of his estate; Morse telegraph
register and relay, loaned by Mr. Charles Heaton and now presented
by Mr. Charles M. Heaton, jr.; collections of decorations conferred
upon Prof. S. F. B. Morse by various foreign governments, viz:
Order of the Legion of Honor of France; the Royal American
Order of Isabella the Catholic of Spain; Order of the Tower and
Sword, Portugal; Order of St^. Maurice and Lazarus, Italy; Order of
Nichan-Iftikhar, Turkey; medal of merit established in 1884: by King
Frederick William, of Wurttemberg; medal for scientific merit estab-
lished by Frederick William IV of Prussia, set in the lid of a gold
snuffbox; presented by J. E. F. Morse, Mrs. Franz Rummel, W. G.
Morse, S. F. B. Morse, S. M. Perry, and K L. Morse.
I»URCHA8ES.
The purchases in ethnology were: Thirty-nine specimens of Pueblo
pottery from Col. C. A. Deane; 13 specimens of Chippewa Indian
quill work from Rev. I). C. Lee; 103 specimens of basketry, masks,
etc., from Lieut. G. T. Emmons, U. S. Navy; 195 specimens of Bud-
dhist art from Dr. Carl C. Hanson; 74 specimens of mission Indian
basketrv from Mr. H. N. Rust.
In ceramics: Five pieces of Syrian glass from Mr. Thomas B. Clark.
In historic religious ceremonials: Tw^enty -eight objects from North
Africa illustrating Jewish religious ceremonials, from Mr. Ephraim
Deinard.
In physical anthropology: Crania and other objects from Mr. C. A.
Nelson, Mr. B. Sturtz, Mr. N. Dumarest, Mr. Walter G. Hill, Mr.
Roy W. Kelley, and Mr. W. C. Hill.
In metrology: A set of German silversmith's weights of the six-
teenth century and a rare surveyors compass of French manufacture.
TRANSFERS.
A number of valuable collections transferred to the Museum by the
Bureau of American Ethnology include the following:
1. Stone implements, ornaments, pottery, et<\, numbering l^Z^A
specimens, from the Mississippi Valley and the Pueblo region, col-
lected by Mr. E. O. Matthews.
2. Collection made by Dr. J. Walter Fewkes in the islands of Santo
Domingo and Porto Rico, including elaborately carved stone pestles,
zemes or mammiform stones with sculptured devices, a stone hatchet
with human figure carved in low relief, stone hatchets with handle
and blade id a single piece, stone '^collars," amulets, polishing stones^
REPOBT OF ASSISTANT 3ECRETABY. 55
stone tmlls, pottery, a "regurgitating" or swallowing bone niade
from the rib of a manatee and finely carved with a human figure, etc.
This remarkable collection comprises 1,287 specimens.
3. A series of implements and other objects collected by Mr. VV. H.
Holmes and Gerard Fowke from an aboriginal hematite mine at Leslie,
Missouri. The raining tools include roughly grooved mauls, hammer
stones, and picks of stone and hematite. There are also specimens of
the ore mined and used as paint, a large mass of hematite weighing
l,00i) pounds, showing marks of the ancient mining tools, and arrow
points, leaf -shaped blades, and spearheads of flint.
4. An archeological collection comprising 3,058 specimens, obtained
by Mr. Frank K. Cushing, from the shell heaps on Campbell and
Torrey Islands, Maine. It consists of stone implements, such as
knives, spearheads, arrow points, scrapers, and drills; an interesting
series of bone objects, among which are harpoon heads, arrow points,
awls, needles, and a large number of pieces of animal bones showing
marks of cutting and sawing. There are also fragments of rude
pottery.
Collections of Dr. Frank Russell, of Harvard, accessions 39990 and
39991, secured by him among the Pima Indians of southern Arizona.
A description of the collection will appear in a forthcoming report of
the Bureau of American Ethnology. The first of these consists of 289
specimens and was received as a deposit from the Bureau of Ethnology;
the latter consisting of 44 specimens of Pima baskets, was purchased.
EXCHANGES.
1. Ethnological specimens, 41 in number, including baskets, a tobacco
bag, a pipe, a woman's knife, and other Indian articles; from Lieut.
G. T. Emmons, U. S. Navy.
2. Two fowling pieces and three Filipino swords; from Mr. Paul
Beckwith.
3. Stone implements, from Uruguay, forwarded by the Museo
Nacional of Montevideo through Senor Luis A. de Hererra, secretary
of the Legation of Uruguay, in exchange for North American archeo-
logical and ethnological specimens.
LOANS.
1. One hundred and thirty-one specimens of oriental metal work,
lacquer, and porcelain, including a number of examples of Buddhist
and Hindu religious art; by Miss Eliza Ruhama Scidmore.
2. Forty-seven objects of Buddhist religious art; by S. S. Howland.
3. Relics of Gen. Alexander Macomb, senior major-general of the
United States Army from 1821 to 1848, consisting of swords, uniforms,
chapeaux, etc. ; by Mrs. F. G. d'Hautville.
56 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
4. Derringer pistol, once the property of Henry Cla^-; By Mr. B. B.
Per row.
5. Collection of 26 relics of the Revolutionary period; by the
Daughters of the American Revolution, through Mrs. William Lind-
say, chairman of the relic committee.
6. Pewter platter, land grant, etc.; by tlie National Society of
Colonial Dame?, through Miss Virginia Miller, chairman of the relic
committee.
7. Fossil skull from an ancrient river terrace at Lansing, Kansas; by
Mr. M. C. Long.
8. Anthropometric appiiratus; by the American Museum of Natural
History, New York, and the Army Medicul Museum, Washington.
9. Collection of pikes and lances used l)y Confederates during the
civil war, uniforms of the same period, guns captured in varioa*^
Indian campaigns, swords and an old musket from the ship Someniei^
war of 1812; by the War Department.
10. A series of six models of United States war vessels, deposited bv
the Navy Department, is of special interest. The vessels represented
are the cruiser Baltitnovc^ gun})oats Y(n'li(»n)^ Peird^ and Bancroft',
double-turreted monitors Miautonamoh and Mimti-rey; i*am Katnhdin:
and dynamite gun})oat VeHuvfiiH.
11. Models of cannon and howitzers used in the United States Armv
between 1845 and 1S65, and a large collection of rifles, muskets, and
other small arms; by the War Department.
12. Siunoan outrigger c^inoe, by Mrs. J. L. Jayne.
13. Daguerreotype of Mrs. Dolly Payne Madison, wife of President
Madison, by Mrs. C. S. Brooks.
c:ake of the collections.
The numerous accessions of the year, especially the large collections
of Abbott, Hilder, and others, liavt* made it necessary to contract the
exhibition space in order to make room for the ever-growing study
series and for laboratory purposes. The demands of the Louisiana
Purchase Exposition and of the n(»wly -established Division of Physical
Anthropology for spaxe have increased the embarrassment. The con-
gestion has been sonu^what relieved by fitting up the galleries over
the south-west and west-north ranges, but overcrow^ding is still every-
where apparent.
The usual watchfulness over the ethnological collections to protect
them from insects and rust has been exercised, and Mr. Joseph Palmer
has devoted a large part of his time to the work of overhauling, reno-
vating and poisoning.
Until additional (exhibition space is provided the installation of new
material is practically at an end, exci^pting where exhibits that have
been long* lK»fore {\ic public are replaced l)v others of greater interest.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 57
The work of labeling the exhibits has been carried forward with all
possible energy during the year, and great advance has been made
over previous years, especially in the labeling of the larger units, such
as halls, alcoves, groups of exhibits, and cases.
In the Division of Ethnology the Philippine collection has been
temporarily arranged in cases in the north-west court gallery; the col-
lections obtained through the Museum-Gates expedition in Arizona
during the previous year have been placed in good order in the storage
series of the Pueblo court, and Mr. Thomas W. Sweeny has classified
and rearranged the large Eskimo study collection in the storage bases of
the north-west range. Mr. Joseph Palmer and Mr. Charles Luscombe
have been engaged in mendings modeling, making facsimilies of
specimens, and allied la}K)ratory work.
During the entire fiscal yesLV the hall of prehistoric archeology has
been closed on account of repairs, but the work of cataloguing and
caring for the collections has gone on without interruption under the
supervision of Mr. E. P. Upham.
A large collection of Washington relics, transferred to the Museum
from the Patent Ofiice, has Ix^en installed in the hall of American history
in connection with cognate exhibits, under the supervision of Mr.
A. H. Clark and Mr. Paul Beckwith. The exhibition series in this
division is all labeled and the crowded condition of the study series
has been greatly relieved by removing portions of it to the new gal-
leries. It has long been felt that a suitable catalogue of the historical
collections should be prepared for publication by the Museum, and
during the year this work was initiated by the employment of Miss
Elizabeth Bryant Johnston, who has completed a descriptive catalogue
of the personal relics of George Washington.
In the Division of Physical Anthropology there is as yet no exhibition
series, the time of the new curator. Doctor Hrdlicka, having been
devoted to organizing the division and fitting up a laboratory of
anthropometry.
In the sections of historic religious ceremonials and classical arche-
ology, few changes have been made save that the labeling has been
carried practically to completion.
In the Division of Medicine the curator has been engaged in prepar-
ing a card catalogue of the collections. Elach specimen, whether on exhi-
bition, in the study series or in storage, has an individual card, giving
name, number, collector, mode of acquisition, etc.
EXriX) RATIONS.
During the year a very limited amount of field work has been under-
taken by members of the Department's staff. Mr. W. H. Holmes
continued his explorations in archeology on behalf of the Bureau of
Ethindogy. Under his dii*ection numerous mound relics and fossil
58 REPf)RT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
bones of ancient nmnimals were obtained near Kimmswick^ Missouri,
by Mr. Gemrd Fowke, and extensive collections were made in ancient
flint <iuaiTies and workshops in Carter County, Kentucky, and in Har-
rison County, Indiana, illustmtin^ all the phases of flint working.
Mr. Holmes, aided by Mr. Fowke, made investi^tions in a hematite
mine at L(\slie, Missouri, obtiiining the collections referred to on a
preceding piigQ.
Dr. J. Walter Fowkt^s, of the Bureau of Ethnology, concludwl
important exjdonitions in the islands of Santo Domingo and Porto
Rico. It has long been known that the latter island was in some way
a sacred retreat of the ancient inhabitants of the Antilles. Many
years ago a large collection of objects of stone was presented to the
Museum by (ieorgt* Latimer, and Doctor Fewkes was successful in
supplementing this with valuable material, adding many new forms.
In addition to his archeological explorations. Doctor Few^kes made
careful studies of the natives, including the whites, blacks, and rem-
nants of ancient al)origines.
Dr. W. L. Abbott, of Philadelphia, lias continued his explorations
in the northern {xjrtion of the island of Sumatra and the small islands
adjoining, and the mainland in the Straits Settlements, contributing
the vahiable vollections already described.
RESEARCHES.
One of the chief aims of the Department of Anthropology has always
been to favor and encoui*age research, not only on the part of members
of the staff but of investigators elsewhere. Much attention has been
paid during the year to correspondence on every to|tic connected with
anthropology, and to o])tain, if ix)ssible, for the friends of the Institu-
tion information that is not within their re^wh. Literature published
by the Smithsonian Institution and the National Museum on anthropo-
logi<'al subjects has been freely distributed. This remark applies
eciually to the ethnology of America, the Philippine Islands, and inci-
dentally to other parts of the world. The curators have been almost
daily importuned for information concerning the nature and use of
archeological relics.
A collection of Indian shields was sent to Mr. James Mooney, Mount
Scott, Oklahoma, for study in the field.
In the Division of History (|uestions arise (constantly as to the mean-
ing of inscriptions and the readings on coins and medals. Already, in
the n(»w Division of Physical Anthropology a beginning has been
made in supplying special instructions to observers and students. In
the Division of Ceramics errors with reference to the age and sources
of pottery are corrected. With the public, great interest is mani-
fested in the ''Synoptic Series'' of the Museum, and teachei*s are con-
stantly receiving instructions with reference to the development of
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 59
various lines of industrial apparatus. All the divisions of the Depart-
ment of Anthropology have been active in this regard during the past
year.
In December Dr. Hjalmar Stolpe, director of the Royal Museum of
Sweden, Stockholm, studied Polynesian and South American col-
lections.
Professors H. Pittier, of Costa Rica, and C. V. Hartmann, of Stock-
holm, received instructions in casting archeological specimens in the
anthropological laboratory.
In March Dr. A. B. Hunter, of Raleigh, North Carolina, received
instructions in making casts, photographs, and other methods of
ethnological investigation with a view to studying the negro of the
South.
Mr. Wells 4?". Andrews, statistician of the Immigration Bureau in
the Treasury Department, made studies in the Division of Ethnology
in order to classify immigrants into the United States. The scheme
furnished has been adopted by the Department.
Dr. Waldemar Bogoras, of the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, New York, made a careful examination of the Eskimo collection
in order to find Siberian material. His results will appear in the
publications of that institution.
Mr. Theodore Roosevelt, jr., and Mr. Ernest Thompson Seton
received instructions in the methods of piimitive tire-making.
Dr. Carl Von den Steinen, of Berlin, made a special study of the
technological processes employed by the North American Indians,
especially in weaving and basketry.
Subsequent to the meeting of the Society of Americanists in New
York, many of the foreign delegates visited the Museum, where a
reception was held in their honor.
Dr. E. A. Bogue made an examination of the denture in the Indian
crania.
The Curator of the Division of Ethnology tinished his comprehen-
sive work on American Indian basketry and Doctor Hough submitted
for publication his monograph on the results of the Museum-Gates
expedition to Arizona in 1901, which was printed in the Annual Report
of the National Museum for that year.
Dr. A. Hrdlicka published a report on the Lansing skeleton in the
American Anthropologist for June.
An address delivered bv Dr. Cyrus Adler in connection with the
opening of the Semitic umseum of Harvard University was published
by that institution.
Dr. I. M. Casanowicz published foiu* papers based mainly on the col-
lections in the National Museum.
60 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1»03.
STORAGE.
Numerous specimens have been stored in building outside of the
Museum, but it has been the policy of the Department not to send out
of the building any specimens which can not be replaced in case of Iojs**.
As a result of this policy, the crowding of the halls has l)ecome more
embarrassing. Even the offices of the curators five being used as
receptacles of valued material for which there is no present place of
storage.
Since the death of Dr. Thomas Wilson, Curator of the Division of
Prehistoric Archeology , in 1902, Mr. Holmes has given especial atten-
tion to the interests of this division and has been faithfuUv assisted
by Mr. E. P. Upham.
REPORT ON THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOOT
FOR THE TEAR 1902-3.
By Fkedekick W. Tkue,
Head Curator.
The principal features of the year covered by this report were the
improvement of the installation of the exhibition series, brought
about largely by "placing the supervision of the work in the hands of
a single officer, and the enlargement of the quarters for the National
Herbarium. In the majority of classes the number of specimens
added to the collections was less than last year; but in scientific value
there was no appreciable decline. The number of zoological speci-
mens added was not less than 70,000, of which 9,000 were vertebrates.
About 35,000 botanical specimens were also received. Some important
improvements were made in the installation of the great zoological
study series, but the need of more space and better facilities were
keenly felt. Preparations for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St.
Louis, 1904, were actively begun, and were in an advanced condition
at the close of the year.
EXHIBITION COLLECTIONS.
With the consent of the Assistant Secretary, Mr. F. A. Lucas,
Curator of the Division of Comparative Anatomy, was placed in tem-
porary charge of all exhibition work of the Department, November
1, 1902, and all the taxidermists and other natural history preparators
were directed to report to him. By this change the work has been
much better coordinated than hitherto, and the results obtained dur-
ing the year have been very satisfactory. The curators of the several
divisions are still called upon to select specimens^for the exhibition
series, to furnish technical information for labels, or for the use of the
preparators, etc., but they are not expected to regularly supervise the
work of the preparators or to install collections in the exhibition
cases. There has been a growing recognition among the curators of
natural history museums of the fact that the needs of the general pub-
lic and of the special student and investigator are quite diverse, and
that endeavors to combine in one series collections of interest to both
are little better than a waste of time. The general public and the gen-
eral student are only confused by a nuiltiplicity of specimens repre-
senting small variations of one species, or illustrating small steps in a
61
62 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
single vital process, while the special student and investigator never
has too many speciniens, and can seldom make much progress with
scant material.
The principal improvements during the year were in the halls
devoted to mammals, marine invertebrates, insects, and fishes. The
interior of the wall-cases of the South Hall gallery, containing Old
World mammals, was reiminted to correspond in color with the cases
on the main floor and to set off the specimens properly, the color of
the unpaint(»d burlap background having proved too dull. At the
same time the floor cases on the gidler}' continuing the small mammals
were refitted to correspond with those below. The result has been
a great improvement in the gen(»nil appearance of the cases and visi-
bility of the collections. The very attractive group of African horse-
tailed monk(»ys, CohUmA nntdnfnH^ prepared some time ago with
specimens presented by Dr. W. L. Abbott, was placed in a new
case especially adapted for properly displaying it. The specimens
were cleaned and the accessories renovated bv the chief taxidermist.
On the main floor, devoted to American mammals, the south wall-cases
mentioned in last years report were finished and filled with South
American mammals, which are now installed in a satisfac'tory manner.
No room has as y(»t been found, howevcM-, for such large forms as the
tapir, pampas deer, et<'. The majority of the floor-cases were furnished
with new fittings, uniform in design and color. The group of Rocky
Mountiiin sheep made originally for the World's Columbian Exposi-
tion, lSJj8, was taken from sUjnige and erected at the northwest cor-
ner of the hall. The artificial rock-work was cut down and partially
remodeled and {\w specimens renovated by the chief taxidermist
This completes the represcMitation by groups of the principal large
ruminants of North America, except that space has not been found for
the White (loat group. The intention is to let this take the place of
one of the two caribou groups. Numerous small mammals were
added to the genenil North American series. A number of large
mammals were mounted during the year for the St. Louis Exposition,
but wmII not be displayed in Washington until the close of the exposi-
tion. New uniform printed lalx^ls for the entire American series of
small mammals, revised and brought up to date as regards nomencla-
ture, etc., were printed and plac^ed vf\t\\ the specimens during the
year. The labels for the Old World series w^ere also revised, and,
where nec(»ssary, new" ones were prepared, printed, and put on the
specimens. The entire mammal exlii})it, therefore, with a few excep-
tions in some groups, is now thoroughly and satisfactorily labeled.
The Indian rhinoceros, which had been on exhibition for many j'^ears,
was withdrawn, as it had become unsightly through the cracking of
the skin and could not be repaired satisfactorily.
In the hall in the Smithsonian building devoted to the lower inverte-
brates the Jnteriors of all the wall-cases were repainted. As these
REPORT OF A88I8TANT SECRETARY. 63
:ases, for the most part, contain corals, it was decided to use black for
he hac^kground as best suited to bring the specimens into relief. The
'X>rals and sponges were rearranged and some specimens added to the
jeneral North American series.
In the insect hall the exhibit of North American species was extended
)y the addition of representatives of the orders Lepidoptera, Euplex-
)ptera, Orthoptei^a, Hemiptera, and Diptera.
After the collection of fishes exhibited at the Pan-American Expo-
iition, Buffalo, 1901, was returned, a reclassification of all the casts
va« made, the series being divided into two sections — marine fishes
ind fresh-water fishes. The cases standing against the walls were
•econstructed and furnished with large glass and paneled bases, so as
o present a uniform appeamnce around the hall. A large shark and
leveral other fishes of very large size were placed on top of the cases
ind provided with new fmmed labels. The descriptive labels used at
Buffalo were mounted on standards of uniform design and placed
)eside the species to which they refer. The series now exhibited, aside
rom the small representation of deep-sea fishes, is entirely North
\.merican. While it is desired to exhibit various series from other
Mirts of the world, there is not suflScient room for this purpose in the
)resont quarters. For this reason the South American fishes preserved
n formalin have been temporarily withdrawn. These preparations
verc in quite good condition when last examined, but they are not
intirely satisfactory for exhibition on account of the bleaching of the
olors, dullness of the eyes, etc. Experiments were made during the
-ear in casting from formalin specimens. The results were quite satis-
actory, and it is believed that a series of casts made in this way and
minted might prove best for a permanent exhibit. A number of
Qolds of fishes and some casts of large fishes, which have been used by
he United States Connnission of Fish and Fisheries in connection with
'arious expositions, were transferred to the Museum by the Commis-
ioner. Several of these casts were repaired and placed on exhibition,
i8 already mentioned.
All the labels for the reptiles and batrachians were reprinted in the
ame style as the mammal labels, the object being toliave all the faunal
abels uniform as regards matter and general appearance. Instead of
he particular locality in which a specimen exhibited was obtained,
hese labels contain a brief statement of the geograi)hical range of the
pecies represented, together of course with the common and scientific
lames, the catalogue number of the specimen, and in the case of gifts,
he name of the donors. Specimens received from Government sur-
reys are labeled with the names of the organizations which transmitted
hem.
Few changes of importance were made in connection with the
exhibits of birds and niollusks, })ut copy was prepared for new labels
'or the entire North American series of birds. The labels had not
64 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
been printed when the year (closed. The groups of birds, 16 in num-
ber, which were originally" made for various expositions, were over-
hauled, and the eases made dust tight as far as possible and provided
with new framed labels. Under present conditions it is not deemed
expedient to build new cases for these groups. The beautiful speci-
mens of the Argus pheasant presented some time ago by Dr. W. L.
Ab})ott, were brought together I)}' the taxidermists in the form of a
group, with ground-work, and placed in a new case. This group is one
of the most atti^active and interesting objects in the entire exhibition
series. The baseboards of all the large alcove-cases were repainted.
In order to find room for the enlargement of the National Herba-
rium it became necessary to abandon the limited spac^e on the East
Hall gallery previously allotted for botanical exhibits. This was done
most reluctantly, but in view of the necessities of the case it was
deemed unavoidable. With this change the Museum definitely aban-
doned making lx)tanical exhibits for the present, but with the hope
that after the new building provided for by Congress is erected, abun-
dant room will be found for such collections.
During the year each of the exhibition halls was provided with a
large sign, calling attention in a few words to its contents, as for
example, ''Lower Invertebrates,'' ''American Mammals," etc. In
addition, uniform framed case labels, about 200 in number, were
provided for all the cases containing mammals, birds, reptiles,
batrachians, insects, and lower invertebrates. The series of case
labials for the exhibit of comparative anatomy was also completed.
A considerable number of requests were received during the year
for photographs of various groups and single objects in the exhibi-
tion series, chiefly for puri>oses of publication. The Bureau of
Engraving and Printing made photographs and sketches of the
mounted bison as a basis for the figure of that animal placed on
the now ten-dollar bill. An American eagle was mounted in a special
attitude for a similar purpose. Prof. M. M. Metcalf , of the Woman's
College of Baltimore, made a number of photographs of skeletons
and other objects for a forthcoming work on evolution. Dr. D. G.
Elliot, of the Field Columl)ian Museum, Chicago, obtained photo-
graphs of certain whale skulls for a work on the mammals of Central
America.
EXPLORATIONS.
In the spring of 1903, Mr. F. A. Lucas, accompanied by Messrs.
William Palmer and J. W. Scollick, visited one of the stations of the
Cabot Steam Whaling Company, Newfoundland, toobtain a large whale
for the St. Louis Exposition. Toward the close of the fiscal year Mr.
Lucas reported that the skeleton and cjists of the exterior of a sulphur-
bottom whale, about 75 feet long, had been obtained. B}^ invitation
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY, 65
f the Geographical Society of Baltimore, Messrs. B. A. Bean and
. H. Riley accompanied the expedition of the society to the Bahamas
collect aquatic and land vertebrates. By invitation of Dr. L. O.
loward. Dr. H. G. Dyar, accompanied by Mr. R. P. Currie, of the
i^ational Museum, and Mr. A. N. Caudell, of the Department of Agri-
ulture, made an expedition to British Columbia to collect insects, and
specially mosquitoes, under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution.
At, G. S. Miller, jr., spent a few weeks in collecting small mammals
a the vicinity of Hampton, Virginia. Messrs. Richmond, Ashmead,
Jartsch, and Currie spent some days in Philadelphia in the study of
he zoological collections of the Academy of Sciences, and Dr. Rose
isited the Museum of the New York Botanical Garden. Mr. W. R.
ilaxon spent two months in Jamaica (April and May, 1903), where
le made a very large collection of plants, and especially of ferns.
le also obtained some fine examples of the large white ant nests found
Q the island.
ACCESSIONS.
The accessions of the year, considered as separate lots of varying
izes received from different sources, were considerably less than last
ear, except in the Division of Plants and the Section of Birds' Eggs.
?he accessions of plants were greater in number than in any year since
81^5, lx»ing in all 575, but the number of specimens comprised in them
fAs less than in the previous year, viz, about 53,500 specimens in
902, and about 35,000 in 1903. The accessions of birds' eggs, on the
ontrary, aggregated more specimens than in 1902. The whole num-
ber of zoological speciinens received during the year was, as already
tated, about 70,000; of plants about 35,000 specimens. A notable and
iiost important feature of the accessions was an inirease in the num-
ber of types and cotypes j)resented, which comprise insects, fishes,
>irds, and crustaceans. Among the hirgest zoological accessions
eceived were a collection of al)out 19,000 gall wasps and parasites
Qade in Canada, and transmitted by the I'. S. Department of Agricul-
ure; about 4,000 Costa Rican insects, purchased from Mr. P. Schild,
►f Hamburg, Germany; about 2,000 Chilean insects, presented by
Ar. E. C. Reed, of Concepc*ion; a collection of about 2,000 fish, birds'
ggs, mollusks, and other marine invertebrates from the Hawaiian
slands, transmitted by the U. S. Fish Commission; a collection com-
)rising about 1,500 birds' eggs, insects and mammals from Paraguay;
he East Indian collections of Dr. Abbott, consisting of more than
,200 mammals, birds, reptiles, etc. Considering the character of Dr.
Lbbott's collections, which contain hundreds of mammals, they should
perhaps have been mentioned first, as it is obviously more difficult to
ssemble large numbers of these animals than of any other class. The
irgest collection of plants received during the year was one made by
NAT MU8 1903 5
66 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, . 1903.
Dr. E. A. Mearns, U. S. Army, in the Yellowstone National Park. It
comprises about 5,3(X) specimens, and was very generously donated to
the Museum by the collector. This is probably the largest scientific
collection of plants ever made in the park. Next in size was the col-
lection made by Mr. William R, Maxon, of the Museum staff, in
Jamaica, comprising al>out 2,0<)0 specimens, chiefly ferns.
It is a pleasure to record the continued activity of Dr. W. L.
Abbott in the exploration of the East Indies. The collections received
during the year were chiefly from the coast and islands of northwest-
ern Sumatra, as far south as Siboga, and from theRiou Peninsula, just
south of Singapore. They comprise, as already mentioned, mammals,
birds, reptiles, and batrachians, flshes, and insects. The Sumatran
mammals, about 500 in number, were studied by Mr. G. S. Miller, jr.,
who discovered among them a new ape {Macaais fuscus)^ four new
species of mouse deer (genus Tragulm)^ nine new squirrels, a new genus
and five new si)ecies of mice, and a new porcupine (Tricky % nuicrotis).
The birds from the same region also comprised about 500 specimens,
representing 152 species, of which 19 were found by Dr. C. W. Rich-
mond to be new to science. The collections from Pahang and the
Riou Archipelago have already yielded four new species of mouse
deer, and are probably as important as the preceding one for the light
they will throw on the distribution of Malayan species. The National
Museum has received from Dr. Abbott, since the beginning of his
explorations in the East Indies, no less than 2,500 mammals, 3,900
birds, 800 reptiles and batrachians, besides very numerous specimens
of other classes.
In 1902 the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Alha;t/ross was sent to
the Hawaiian Islands for the purpose of continuing the investigation
of the fisheries. In the course of this work large collections were
made in various branches of natural history and transmitted to the
Museum. Those received during the year covered by this report were
a valuable collection of birds' eggs, about 1,500 marine mollusks in
alcohol, many new to the Government collections, and about 100 species
apparently undescribed; a collection of corals, and a second lot of
crustaceans. The Commission also transmitted a collection of 85 birds,
mainly from Laysan Island, north of Hawaii, including the type of a
tern, Procehternia saxatills Fisher. From the Albatross Samoan Expe-
dition of 1902 were received corals and crustaceans in addition to the
specimens transmitted last year. The Commission also furnished
about 800 specimens of the commoner species of marine invertebrate*
of Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for distribution to educational estab-
lishments, together with a small collection of fishes from the same
locality, a specimen of the Tile fish {Lopholdtilus)^ from 70 miles off
Nomans Land, the type and cotype of a new species of white-fish
{Coregonns stanleyi)^ from Aroostook County, Maine, and a cotype of
a new fish {Iladrajdenis evermanni)^ from Tippecanoe Lake, Indiana.
BEPORT OF ASSISTANT 8ECBETABY. 67
Prof, T. D. A. Cockerell, of East Las Vegas, New Mexico, pre-
sented eight lots of insects of different orders, containing many new
species, and including types and cotypes of species described by him;
also three lots of ampbipod crustaceans and leeches, the former rep-
resenting a new form found in a warm spring.
An interesting collection of reptiles and batrachians from northern
Mexico and North Carolina was purchased from Brimley Brothers,
Raleigh, North Carolina. It contained a series of a salamander
{Desmognathus tputdrlinacidata)^ which had not been recognized since
Holbrookes time. From the same source was obtained a small collec-
tion of North Carolina fishes, one of which was found to be unde-
scribed and was named Notropu Irrimteyi by Mr. B. A. Bean; also
eight specimens of the very rare skipper, Pamphlla Carolina Skinner.
Among the most impoiiant purchases of the year were the zoological
collections made by Mr. William Foster in the vicinity of Sapucay,
a small town near Ascuncion, Paragua3\ They comprise about 800
insects, 600 birds' eggs, and 350 small mammals. The mammals were
orincipally bats. The specimens were all carefully prepared and
labeled and filled important gaps in the Government collections.
Mamrruds. — In addition to Dr. Abbott's East Indian mammals and
uhose from Paraguay just mentioned, the Museum received several
other accessions which deserve mention. Dr. E. A. Mearns, U. S.
Army, added to his generous donations of previous j^ears two collec-
tions of small mammals, one from the Yellowstone Park, comprising
about 300 specimens, and the other from Fort Snelling, Minnesota,
comprising about 200 specimens. The collections of European small
mammals, already very rich, was increased by two collections, one
from Switzerland and one from Norway. An excellent series of
Japanese rodents and bats, purchased during the year, represents the
first well-prepared collection of mammals received by the Museum
from that country. Mr. B. S. Rairden, United States Consul at
Batavia, Java, obtained for the Museum two specimens of a Javan
mouse-deer, which proved to be an undescribed species of much inter-
est, and was named Tragulus focalinm by Mr. G. S. Miller, jr. A
somewhat imperfect but very valuable skeleton of a peculiar porpoise
from the Hawaiian Islands was presented by Prof. Charles H. Gilbert
of the Stanford University. It represents the species Psevdorca eras-
sldens^ a form intermediate between the killers and blackfish, which
has not been obtained hitherto from the vicinity of the Hawaiian
Islands.
Birds. — Mr. Homer Davenport, of Morris Plains, New Jersey, pre-
sented to the Museum during the year 22 large and valuable birds
from his extensive aviary, among which were an Australian Goose, a
Javan Jungle-fowl, a Black- winged Peacock, Pavonigripennis^ regarded
by some zoolog^ts as a distinct species, and several beautlivA "^Vi^^dJ^-
ants, including Diaitl's Fire-back Pheasant, Lop/iura diardi* ^\o\bl
68 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Mr. A. Boucard were purchased two rare birds of paradise, Paradisea
gidlielmi and Rhipidomis guilielmir-IIL A pair of rare flightless
cormorunts from the Galapagos Islands, and about 300 birds from
this group and the islands oflf the west coast of Mexico, including a
series of Nesomimus trifasciatm^ were also purchased. The Bishop
Museiun^ Honolulu, presented a collection of the birds of Guam, com-
posing alx)ut 44 specimens, representing species not previously con-
tained in the Government collection. Mr. Outrani Bangs, of Boston,
presented about 50 desirable Honduras birds, and about 300 specimens
from Chiriqui, Costa Rica, were obtained from him in exchange. The
Biological Survey, U. S. Department of Agriculture, transmitteil a
fine collection of birds' eggs from different parts of North America.
Reptihs and hatnuhlans, — Messrs. Brimley and Sherman presented
a fine series of salamanders from North Carolina, and Mr. E. J. Brown
a number of rare reptiles from southern Florida. In a small collec-
tion from Cocos Island, Costa Rica, presented by Prof. P. BioUey,
were five specimens of a new gecko, described by Doctor Stejneger
under the name of Sphxrodaetylus jxicijicus,
Fishss. — ^The accessions of fishes were remarkable on account of the
number of type specimens and cotypes included among them. An
especially important accession consisted of 42 types of species of
Hawaiian fishes, collected in 1889 and described by Dr. O. P. Jenkins,
of Stanford Universit3\ These were donated to the Museum by Doc-
tor Jenkins, and are a continuation of the series presented in 1901. A
collection of Jajmnese fishes, comprising 75 species, of which 3 were
represented by types and 16 b}' cotypes, was presented by Stanford
University. They were collected by President D. S. Jordan, by the
Universitv of Tokvo, and by K. Otaki. Included with them were the
types of Bryoatemma iavHodr.H and Bryolojyhus lysinius^ two species
o})tained near Unalaska Inland by the Alhatross, The types of the Jap-
anese species Dracimetta ictnlca and Cyttopsis Itea were also received
during the year.
Among single specimens of interest should be mentioned a very large
pipe-fish, Fistuluria tahaccaria^ 4^ feet long, from Campeche Bank,
Mexico, presented by E. E. Saunders & Co. Dr. S. Wier Mitchell
presented a large salmon weighing 47 pounds, taken by him at Cas-
capedia, Quebec. Casts of this fine fish and of the pipe-fish were made
for the exhibition series. A deep-sea pelican-fish, genus Gastroatomm.
was received during the year from the U. S. S. Nero. It was obtained
during the survey for the trans-Pacific cable at a depth of between
2,000 and 3,000 fathoms. Mr. Louis Mobray, of Bermuda, obtained
a living specimen of the large Conger eel, Chaniiomuraena vittcUu^ and
sent it to the New York Aquarium. Upon its death, which occurred
in a few months, it was sent to the Museum by the director of the
aquarium, at the suggestion of Prof. C. L. Bristol. Dr. J. C. Thomp-
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 69
I, U. S. Navy, presented a small but interesting collection of fishes
ni the Dry Tortugas, Florida. The accessions from the U. S.
ih Conimission and from Mr. H. H. Brimley have been already
ntioned. (See pp. 65 and 67.)
Mcllusks, — In addition to the collections of the U. S. Fish Commis-
n, already referred to, mention should be made of the donations of
3 constant contributors to the Museum, Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd and
V. H. Loomis. Mrs. Oldroyd presented alK)ut 150 marine shells
►m California in exceptional!}- fine condition, and Mr. Loomis's
^cimens of about 50 species from Japan and the Loochoo Islands
luded many desiderata. California shells were also presented by
•. F. A. Wood worth, of San Francisco, and Hawaiian land shells
Mr. H. W. Henshaw, of Hilo, Hawaii. A second consignment of
d and fresh-water shells from centml Asia was received from the
perial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. Among single
^cimens of special value should be mentioned a fine Valuta mamilla^
irge and very rare shell from Tasmania. A collection of Australian
d and fresh-water shells, comprising species not previously repre-
ited in the Museum, was purchased.
Insects. — The three largest accessions of insects — the U. S. Depart-
nt of Agriculture collection from Canada (18,947 specimens), the
sta Rican collection purchased of P. Schild (4,000 specimens), and
5 collection from Chili presented by Mr. E. C. Reed (2,021 speci-
ns) — have already been mentioned. Many of the remaining acces-
ns, 254 in number, contain material of great interest and value, but
is obviously impossible to refer in detail to more than a few of
jm in this report. (For a complete list see Appendix II.) One
the most important was a collection of African butterflies received
exchange from the Royal Natural History Museum, Stockholm,
lich imduded examples of many species described by Doctor Auri-
lius. Another important exchange was effected with the American
itomological Society, through which the Museum received examples
about KX) species of Mexican and Central American H3^menoptem,
.ny of them cotypes of species described by Mr. Oesson. Prof,
arles Robertson, of Carlenville, Illinois, presented cotypes of 19
jcies of Hymenoptera described ))y him. A similar collection of
leoptei*a, presented by Prof. H. C. Fall, of Pasadena, California,
itained 34 cotypes of his species. A collection of mites, containing
3es and cotypes, was presented by Prof. Robert H. Wolcott, of the
liversity of Nebraska.
Lower invertebrates, — The accessions of lower invertebrates, like
)8e of fishes, are noteworthy on account of the number of types and
,ypes included among them. The collections transmitted by the
S. Fish Commission have been already mentioned. From the
is^um d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, was received a v^ixsaXjXfc
70 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
exchange comprising about 50 species of fresh-water crabs, nearly all
of which were previously unrepresented in the Government cojlection.
Many of the specimens were cotypes. The Stanford University pre-
sented a series of desirable specimens of Japanese crustaceans col-
lected b}^ Doctor Jordan and Mr. J. O. Snyder in 1900. It included
several species previously undescribed. A small but interesting col-
lection of crustaceans from the Maldive Islands, including several
cotypes, was received in exchange from the Museum of Comparative
Zoology. They were collected by Doctor Agassiz and party in 1901-2.
Dr. S. J. Holmes, of the University of Michigan, presented 14 lots of
New England amphipod crustaceans, among which were tyj>es of sev-
eral species. Two smaller lots, with representations of other orders
of crustaceans from Costa Kica and Cocos Island, were presented by
the Museo Nacional, of San Jos^, Costa Rica. Among them were
types of species of amphipods described by T. R. R. Stebbings. Four
lots of isopod crustaceans, including types, were presented b}'^ the
Harriman Alaskan expedition. Dr. C. H. Eigenmann, of the Indiana
State University, presented specimens of 4 species of crustaceans from
Cuba, including types of 8 species.
A valuable collection of European paiusites, comprising treniatodes,
cestodes, and nematodes, was received by the Bureau of Animal
Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and catalogued in the
section of helminthological collections, National Museum. The Mu-
seum received a collection of parasites of fishes from Prof. Edwin
Linton, of Washington, Pennsylvania. The study collection of para-
sites is considered the finest scientific collection of the kind now existing
in the United States.
Plants, — The total number of accessions to the National Herbarium
during the year was 595, a number which has not been reached for the
last eight years. Of this number, 120 accessions, comprising about
5,000 specimens, were receiv(»d through the U. S. Department of
Agriculture.
Doctor Mearns's large collection from the Yellowstone National
Park, which constituted the most extensive accession of the year, has
already been mentioned. Probably next in interest is the collection
made by Mr. W. R. Maxon, of the Museum staff, in Jamaica, which
comprised about 2,000 specimens, chiefly ferns. Two important col-
lections from the Philippine Islands, comprising about 1,400 specimens,
were received in exchange from the Insular Bureau of Agriculture,
Manila. These are believed to be the first collections from the islands
made by American botanists. Another collection of Philippine plants,
comprising about 1,000 specimens, was received from the Royal Botani-
cal Gardens, Kew, England, in continuation of an exchange with that
institution. Capt. J. Donnell Smith has continued his valuable dona-
tions of West Indian and Central American plants. He presented
during the year a sixth series, consisting of 375 specimens.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 71
Purchases of plants to the amount of $1,000 were made during the
\'ear. The most important items were continuations of the California
collections of Mr. A. A. Heller (1,055 specimens) and the Nevada col-
lection of Prof. C. F. Baker (481 specimens). Other purchases were
as follows: Plants in the United States (3,223 specimens), viz, Maine
(639), California and Arizona (989), Georgia (497), Ohio (405), Missis-
sippi (693); plants from Central and South America, viz, Mexico (296),
Costa Rica (452), Venezuela (256).
Of the plants transmitted by the U. S. Department of Agriculture
during the year, the most important are the collections of Messrs.
F. A. Walpole and W. W. Gorman from Alaska (1,323 specimens) and
those of Messrs. F. V. Coville, V. K. Chesnut, David GriflSths, and
others, from Washington, Oregon, and California (1,368 specimens).
WORK ON THE STUDY SERIES.
In the Division of Mammals about 3,000 skulls of small species were
cleaned during the year, two-thirds of which were those belonging to
specimens in the collection of the Biological Survey, U. S. Department
of Agriculture. All the large skulls of the regular Museum series,
with the exception of about 100, have been cleaned, but about 1,500
small skulls still need cleaning. Little could be done toward continu-
ing the rearrangement of the skins of small species for lack of room
and cases, but the work of making over skins which were deteriorating
on account of faulty preparation progressed satisfactoril}^ about 400
skins having been renovated during the year. It is a cause of much
regret that nothing could be done toward improving the condition of
the large skins in vats and in the cases of the upper laboratory, many
of which are in imminent danger of destruction. There are known to
be from 1,000 to 1,500 of the size of a wolf and upward which need
attention. Some of these are large antelopes and other important
mammals which are now difficult to obtain. The collection of mam-
mals in alcohol was thoroughly overhauled, and is in an excellent con-
dition as regards both preservation and arrangement. The large
storage case behind the wall case in the South Hall, used for the storage
of mammal skulls, was roofed over to exclude dust, and provided with
shelving. It is intended to fit the alcoves with standard racks and
drawers next year for the better installation of the valuable series of
skulls kept there.
The laboratories of the Division of Birds are much overcrowded,
and many devices have to be resorted to in order to accommodate the
collections. It has been found necessary to place different parts of
the collections in rooms widely separated, which greatly increases the
difficulties of administration. Some little improvement was made in
the arrangement of the collection of large birds in the west basement,
but progress was slow on account of insufficient help and s^po^^. \X>S&
72 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1603.
a satisfaction to report that the Passerine birds, which arc the ones
most consulted, are at present well arranged and entirely accessible.
About half the study collection, comprising, perhaps, 65,000 specimens,
is without standard Museum labels, and many of the water birds need
new labels. Some progress in replacing worn out labels was made
during the year.
The condition of the collection of birds' eggs is very satisfactory.
For a collection of such great size the proportion of perfect specimens
is remarkably large. Considerable progress was made in the rearrange-
ment of both eggs and nests, but more new cases will be required
before it can be completed.
The curator of the Division of Reptiles and Batrachians was without
assistants this year until April, and progress in the rearrangement of
the study series was necessarily slow. A considerable advance has
been made, however, and the collection is now in good condition and
its accessibility increased.
In the Division of Fishes, the principal operation was the prepara-
tion of a series of 50 sets of specimens for distribution to educational
institutions. These sets average about sixty species each, making a
total of some 3,250 individual sjjecimens in all. Until the staff of this
division is increased, little can be done beyond keeping the collection
from deteriorating.
The study series of mollusks is all in fairly good condition and is
accessible, so that any specimens wanted can be brought to hand in a
few moments. The collection of Naiades was put in perfect order,
and the cataloguing and numbering of the boxes of duplicates brought
up to date. The remainder of the Jeffreys collection of shells is now
most in need of attention. On account of the intricacies of the case
the work can not be done rapidly. As in other divisions the need of
more space is keenl}' felt.
The great systematic collection of insects of all orders, with the
exception of the Rh3^nchota, is at present in excellent condition, well
arranged, and accessible to students. The curator of the Division of
Insects, Dr. L. O. Howard, reports as follows on the work of the
division:
The insect collections are in excellent condition, increasing rapidly in the differ-
ent orders, and all being rearranged in the standard insect drawers, in systematic
order. It is believed, if the same liberality is continued in supplying us with these
standanl insect drawers as last year, that the valuable collections in the different
orders will be soon safely secured and pennanently rearranged.
The Lepidoptera are now all arranged in these drawers and this order is in excel-
lent shape. This work has been done almost entirely by Doctor Dyar, who deserves
great credit, not only for making many additions to the collection through his friends
and correspondents, but also for putting the collection in such admirable order.
Mr. E. A. Schwarz still continues the rearrangement of the beetles, and during the
past few months has rearranged several families down to the Lampyridse. It will,
however, be a long time before this large order can be rearranged, and Mr. Schwarz
REPORT OP ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 78
will require many more drawers before his task is completed. In a few days he will
begin arranging the material from the PhiUppine**, West Indies, and South America.
Dr. Ashmead is almost continuously at work on the Hymenoptera, and has rear-
ranged the Chalcidoidea and part of the Cynipoidea. If room No. 3, now occupied by
him, is fitted up with racks to contain standard insect drawers he could, the com-
ing year, rearrange this whole order in these drawers. He considers it important
that this be done immediately to more securely conserve the many hundreds of val-
uable types and cotypes represented in the collection.
The Schmidt boxes, in which many types are still kept, he considers unsafe for
keeping valuable tyj)eH. Hundreds of types and cotypes are now being sent to us
from all over the world and j)roper facilities must be provided for the present pres-
ervation of all types intrusted to the Museum.
Mr. Currie still continues his work on the Neuropteroid insects and has made some
important additions to the orders Odonata, Neuroptera, and Trichoptera.
The Orthoptera have been removed to Dr. Dyar*s room and have been rearranged
into the standard insect drawers by Mr. Caudell, who has done much work on these
insects, made large additions of specimens, and is substantially in charge of the order.
Mr. Coquillett also continues his work on the Diptera with indefatigable industry
and has worked up, named, and rearrangeil several families. The additions to the
family Culicidae, or the mosquitoes, are especially large and noteworthy.
Very little work is being done in the other orders of insects not mentioned,
although Mr. Heidemann finds time to do something occasionally with the Rhynchota.
Our collection of Rhynchota, or bugs (Hemiptera and Homoptera), is large and
valuable, and should be placed immediately in charge of a competent specialist.
In the Division of Marine Invertebrates a special cataloguer was
employed for four months to bring up the cataloguing of the crusta-
ceans, holothurians, etc., which had fallen behind on account of lack of
suflScient clerical assistance. One hundred new sets of duplicate inver-
tebrates were prepared for distribution to accademical establishments.
Some small sets were also prepared to meet special demands. The
extensive collections in alcohol were thoroughly overhauled, the bot-
tles replenished and new labels added where necessary. This impor-
tant part of the zoological collections is now in good condition.
Additional shelving was provided for the collection of anomuran crus-
taceans and worms in the rooms assigned in the north tower of the
Smithsonian building. The Museum benefited b}^ the gratuitous
seri^ices of Mr. T. W. Vaughan, of the U. S. Geological Survey, who
rearranged the collection of corals so as to make room for the reception
of recent additions.
The scope of the Section of Helminthological Collections, under the
custodianship of Dr. C. W. Stiles, was enlarged during the year by
the introduction into the catalogues of the collections of the IT. S.
Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service. The collections of the
Division of Zoology, Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department
of Agriculture, are also catalogued in this section of the Museum.
The need of enlarging the quarters for the National Herbarium was
so urgent that the space allotted for an exhibition on the east hall bal-
cony was, as already stated, added to the laboratory. One hundred
and eleven new standard insect-proof cases were added dvxxvii^XJafc^^ax^
74 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
making a total of 225 now in use. About 125 additional cases will be
required to complete the reinstallment of the herbarium, and it is
hoped that these can be provided next 3'ear. The Honorary Curator,
Mr. F. V. Coville, reports as follows regarding the work done on the
collections during the year:
Durinj? the year we have added 111 standard insect-proof cases, making 255 now
in use. It is hope<l that some 125 new cases will be built during the coming year,
which will about complete the installation of the collection. It will then be in a
better condition than ever before. Very few insecta are to be found in our new cases.
At the time the herbarium was actually transferred to the National Museum, July
1, 1894, we began to stamp every herbarium sheet added to the collection. It was
assumed that there were then not less than 200,000 sheets in the herbarium, and the
stamp therefore was set at 200,000. The number of specimens stamped and abided to
the herbarium since then is 220,000. Of these 17,055 have been added this year.
The work of recording the old part of the herbarium has almost ceased and speci-
mens are only stamped in cases where they are sent away as a loan. This record
extends from 1 to 27,218. In addition to this, 125,001 to 156,835 have been stamped.
It was decided at the close of the year that all the herbarium sheets
hereafter printed should bear the legend "United States National
Museum" as well as the impress of the numbering stamp, which bears
the words "United States National Herbarium."
Blueprints of the standard herbarium cases adopted by the Museum
were sent by request to the chief of the Insular Bureau of Agriculture,
Manila.
At the suggestion of Dr. C. W. Stiles the matter of imperfections in
the red labels used inside of receptacles containing type specimens of
animals preserved in liquid was taken up by a special committee.
The committee submitted a report recommending the sole use of
labels printed with a permanent ink containing sulphide of mercury.
LOAN OF COLLECTIONS AND COOPERATION OF SPECIALISTS.
The loan of specimens to specialists in the United States and in
foreign countries for purposes of scientific research continued during
the year as usual. Only the more important transactions of this char-
acter can be noticed in this report. As explained last year, the Museum
usually benefits quite as much by these transactions as the persons who
obtain the use of the material, as the specimens are studied, identified,
and also quite commonly labeled. The results of the investigations
are sometimes published by the Museum, sometimes by the scientific
organizations to which the specialists belong, and sometimes under
private auspices.
In the Division of Birds, 11 loans were made, comprising 188 speci-
mens. Mr. Frank M. Chapman, of the American Museum of Natural
History, obtained the use of 6S specimens, chiefly shore larks, genus
Otocoris. Forty-five specimens of warblers, genus Dei^drolca^ were
sent to Mr. Joseph Grinnell, of Palo Alto, California, to assist him
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 75
in determining the California forms of D. aestvoa. Dr. Jonathan
Dwight, jr., obtained the loan of 29 specimens of plovers (genus
Aegialitis) for use in connection with his studies of the molting of
birds. All the lots sent out, with one exception, were returned dur-
ing the year. The loans of mammals were more numerous, amounting
in all to 29 lots, comprising about 300 specimens. Dr. J. A. Allen
obtained the use of 110 specimens of seals and other mammals for use
in his work on the mammals of eastern Siberia. Forty -one specimens
were sent to Mr. J. A. G. Rehn to assist him in the preparation of a
report on the mammals of southern New Mexico and western Texas,
and 14 bats, of the genus Nyctinomii^^ for use in identifying bats of that
genus from the Bahama Islands. Dr. D. G. Elliot, of the Field Colum-
bian Museum, borrowed 35 specimens in connection with his work on
Central American mammals. Other loans were chiefly to the scientific
assistants in the Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture. The
majority of the material was returned during the year. The moUusks,
of the family Achatinellidse^ loaned to the late Alpheus Hyatt, were
transferred after his death to Prof. A. T. Mayer, who is engaged in
completing the work left unfinished by Professor Hyatt. Of insects,
9 loans were made, the most important being a collection of 626
Orthoptera and Dermaptera, which was sent to Mr. J. A. G. Rehn, of
Philadelphia. Dr. Philip P. Calvert, of Philadelphia, received 285
specimens of dragon flies (Odonata), and Dr. E. P. Felt, of Albany,
New York, 106 specimens of ophionid hymenoptera. The material
loaned was, for the most part, still in the hands of the specialists at the
close of the year. Of marine invertebrates, exclusive of mollusks, 9
loans were made, 2 of which deserve mention. Prof. H. Coutifere, of
the ficole Sup^rieure de Pharmacie, Paris, received the crustaceans of
the family Alpheidae collected by the Hawaiian and Samoan expedi-
tions of the Fish Commission steamer Albatross^ and also the general
Museum collections of that family for report. All the specimens of
the so-called Holothurla atra were sent to Prof. Charles L. Edwards,
of Trinity College, in connection with his studies of variation. The
stomatopod crustaceans, collected by the staff of the steamer AUmtrosa
in Hawaii and Samoa, were sent to Dr. R. P. Bigelow, of the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology, who volunteered to report on them.
Three lots of ostracoda were sent to Mr. R. W. Sharpe, of Wilmette,
Illinois, who has undertaken to report on this group for the Museum.
A number of skulls of mammals were sent to Dr. J. M. IngersoU,
of New York, who is engaged in a comparative study of the sinuses of
the nose. Plants were loaned during the year, chiefly to the botanists
of the Ames Botanical Laboratory, North Easton, Massachusetts, the
Biltmore Herbarium, the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University, the
New York Botanical Garden, and to Dr. C. E. Waters, Mr. Karl W.
Wiegand, and Mrs. Caroline W. Harris.
76 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
DISTRIBUTION OF DUPLICATES.
As already stated, 100 new sets of marine invertebrates from the
duplicate collections, were made up during the year, for distribution
to educational establishments, in accordance with the long-standing
practice of the Museum. Each set contained about 200 specimens,
representing from 92 to 99 species, making in all about 20,000 speci-
mens. During the year 50 of the^e sets were distributed. About
one-half of them were sent to high schools and other pulilic schools
throughout the United States, and the remainder to various universi-
ties, colleges, normal schools, public libraries, seminaries, academies,
training schools, and science clubs.
About 50 sets of fishes were also made up for distribution.
A series of 60 skins of monkeys, and some other mammals which
were without data as regards localities, etc., and hence of no especial
value in the study collection of the Division of Mammals, wei"e dis-
tributed to four colleges, which signified their desire to make use of
the material in teaching.
LABORATORY USE OF COLLECTIONS BY INVESTIGATORS:
The collections of mammals, birds, insects and plants were frequently
consulted by the naturalists of the U. S. Department of Agriculture,
as in previous years. Mrs. Vernon Bailey pursued studies of birds in
connection with her book on birds of the Western United States.
Mr. Outram Bangs, of Boston, examined the collections of neotropi-
cal birds, and the committee on nomenclature, of the American Orni-
thologists Union, examined a large amount of material for the purpose
of ascertaining, as in past years, the status of newly described North
American species. The series of Old World chameleons was studied
by Mr. Thomas Barber, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, who has in
preparation a monographic work on these reptiles. In an endeavor
to establish the real status of the snake, known as Tropidimotm erythro-
(jaHtei\ Prof. H. L. Clark, of Olivet College, Michigan, made compari-
sons of specimens in the Museum. Comparisons of insects were made
by the following entomologists: Prof. John B. Smith (Noctuidae),
Dr. W. J. Holland (Moths), Dr. J. A. G. Rehn (Orthoptera), Mr. J. C.
Bradley (parasitic ii3'menoptera and sawflies), Mr. H. H. Ballou
(Specidae). Dr. Walter Horn, of Berlin, Germany, examined the
collections of Coleoptera and identified some of the exotic material.
He spoke highly of the work of the late Martin L. Linell, who was for
many years an aid in the Division of Insects.
As for some ye^rs past, Dr. N. L. Britton, director of the New York
Botanical Garden, was a frequent visitor to the herbarium. During
the past }■ ear he was principally interested in studying the Crassula-
ceae. Dr. E. L. Greene spent much time in reviewing certain of the
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 77
Papaveraceae, and Mr. Theodor Holm, the Carices. Dr. L. M. Under-
wood, of Columbia Univ^ersity, examined the collections of ferns.
Inquiries were received from Stanford University concerning the
methods of cataloguing and labeling employed in the Department, and
were answered as fully as circumstances would permit.
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES AND PUBLICATIONS.
This very important branch of the work of the Department, the founda-
tion, indeed, and the final aim of all its other activities, was carried on with
no less ardor than in previous years. The segregation of work on the
exhibition series, explained in a preceding page, left the scientific
staff somewhat more time in which to pursue investigations, while the
activity of systematists in various parts of the country, involving the
use of the Government collections, showed no abatement.
It is only possible in this place to mention some of the more impor-
tant investigations carried on by the members of the scientific staff of
the Museum. A complete list of all papers based on the Museum col-
lections published by the staff for the year will be found in Appendix II
of this volume. It is interesting to note that the articles exceed 160
in number, and appeared in about thirty different journals, including
the following: Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of
the U. S. National Museum, Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington, Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural
Sciences, Science Yearbook of the Carnegie Institution, The Auk,
Naturen, Nautilus, American Journal of Pharmacy, Journal of Con-
chology, Smithsonian Report, Biographical Memoirs of the National
Academy of Sciences, Canadian Entomologist, Journal of the New
York Entomological Society, Psyche, Proceedings of the Entomolog-
ical Society of Washington, Entomological News, Transactions of the
Entomological Society, Country Life in America, Bulletin of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Zoologischer Anzeiger, Public
Health Report, Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S.
Department of Agriculture, American Medicine, Bulletin of the
Hj'gienic Laboratory, U. S. Public Health Service, Journal of Com-
parative Medicine, Contributions from the National Herbarium, Annals
of Botany, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Plant World, and
Fern Bulletin.
The second volume of Mr. Robert Ridgway's extensive manual of
North and Central American birds, containing 854 pages of text and
22 plates, was published during the year. It deals with the families
of Tanagers, Troupials, Honey Creepers, and Wood Warblers (Tana-
gridae, Icteridae, Coerebidse, and Mniotiltidae), comprising 77 genera
and 433 species and subspecies.
The preparation of the third volume, covering 15 families, was in an
advanced stage at the close of the year, about 400 pages bft\w^ ^x^^^^
78 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
in type. Dr. Charles W. Richmond's paper on the birds collected by
Doctor Abbott and Mr. C. B. Kloss in the Andaman and Nicobar
Islands was published by the Museum during the year. Doctor
Richmond spent considerable time in identifying the Abbott collection
of birds for the west coast of Sumatra and in working up a collection
from the South Pacific. He continued work on the card catalogue of
the genera and species of birds. Two papers on South AmericAn birds
in the Museum collection, by Mr. H. C. Oberholser, appeared during
the year, and also one by Dr. W. K. Fisher on a new tern from the
Hawaiian Islands. Dr. William L. Ralph continued the preparation
of material for a supplementary volume on the life histories of North
American ])irds, with special reference to their nests and eggs, to com-
plete the important work left unfinished by the death of Major C. E.
Bendire.
Dr. L. Stejneger completed his study of the reptiles of Porto Rico,
and handed the manuscript in for publication in November. It is
hoped that means will be found for it« publication at an early date.
When the year closed he was still engaged in the investigation of the
herpetological fauna of eastern Asia. Papers by Doctor Stejneger on
Holbrook's salamander and on the reptiles of the Huachuca Moun-
tains, Arizona, were published by the Museum during the year.
In accordance with the arrangement made with President D. S.
Jordan, the Museum published during the year 14 papers on Japanese
fishes, prepared by himself and conjointly with other ichthyologists.
Two papers on the osteology of fishes, by Mr. E. C. Starks, were pub-
lished, and a brief paper by Dr. Theodore Gill on the use of the name
"torpedo."
In connection with an extensive work on the Tertiary molluski^
of Florida, Dr. W. H. Dall prepared reviews of the recent mollusks
of the groups Veneridte, Carditacea, C3'renacea, and Astartidse. Dr.
Bartsch continued work on the Pyramidellidae, and had nearly com-
pleted the investigation at the close of the year.
The researches carried on by Mr. G. S. Miller, jr., had for their
principal object the elucidation of Doctor Abbott's collections of East
Indian mammals. As stated on a previous page, he found in the col-
lection studied 17 new species of mouse deer, genus Trugvlus^ and 16
new species in other orders, together with a new genus, Lenothrue.
In going over the Museum collection of American bats, he detected 20
undescribed species, diagnoses of which are published in the Proceed-
ings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. He also pre-
pared a number of notes on different species of bats and rodents.
Dr. E. A. Mearns, U. S. Army, made a study of the ocelots in the
Museum collection and in other collections, the results of which were
published in September, 1902, as Proceedings paper No. 1286. Dr.
M. W. Lyon, jr., completed and handed in for publication his list of
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 79
pe 8pecimeDS of mammals, exclusive of cetaceans, in the collections
the Museum. As photographs of the types are to be prepared, this
talogue has not yet been published. It records the presence of type
eciniens, or type material, of 469 species and subspecies. (This is
elusive of the type specimens in the collection of the Biological
irvey, IT. S. Department of Agriculture, which are probably at least
many.) Dr. Lyon has also pursued investigations relative to the
teology of the rabbits, and published two brief notes on other mam-
als. The Head Curator completed his comparison of North American
id European species of whalebone whales, and toward the close of
e year submitted a manuscript of about 1,000 pages, with 50 plates,
e also prepared papers on Dr. Philippi's species of Chilean porpoises,
{ a killer whale stranded on the coast of Maine, and on a species of
roddphhms obtained at Honolulu; and notes on the name of the com
on porpoise of the genus Tursiops^ and on the occurrence of the
»llack whale, Balstnojytera horeaJis^ in American waters.
Doctor Ashmead continued his study of the classification of the
lalcid flies, which was in course of publication by the Carnegie
useuni at the close of the year, and a series of papers on the wasps
the groups Vespoidea, Proctotr^'poidea, and Cynipoidea, was pub-
ihed in the Canadian Entomologist and other entomological journals,
e continued work on his monographs of North America Braconidse, a
liilippinc H^^menoptera, Japanese Hymenoptera, and also a catalogue
North American Hymenoptera. Mr. D. W. Coquillett was occupied
identifying and arranging the Diptem, and completed a revision of
e genera of the family Empididse. A paper by him describing four
iw genera and 94 new species of North America diptera appeared in
e Museum Proceedings in September, 1902. Mr. Nathan Banks
iblished 16 papers on spiders and on other subjects of a more general
laracter. A paper on dragon flies, and one on ant lions, by Mr. K. P.
irrie, were published by the Entomological Society of Washington
iring the year. Mr. Currie continued work on a catalogue of
orth American Neuropteroid insects, and on a monograph of the ant
)ns. Mr. August Busck published 2 papers on the codling moth,
id one on a new species of the family Yponomentidae. His revision
the American moths of the family Gelechiidae was published by the
useum during the year. The Museum Proceedings for the year also
•ntained a paper by Dr. H. G. Dyar on the larva of moths from
>lorado, and an additional section of Dr. John B. Smith's monograph
the moths of the family Noctuidae. Dr. J. E. Benedict published
ascriptions of new species of Galatheidae, and completed a revision of
e genus Lepidopn^ and descriptions of other new Albuneidae. He
^ engaged in the study of the anomuran crabs from Japan and the
awaiian Islands, collected by the Alhatrom^ some new cmbs of the
mily Dromidae, and some interesting annelids. Miss M. J. RathbusL
80 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
continued work on a monograph of the fresh-water crabs, based on the
collections of the National Museum, the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle,
Paris, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, and
other institutions. She also published five short papei'S on crusta-
ceans during the year, one of which, describing new Hawaiian crabs,
appeared in the Museum Proceedings. Dr. Harriet Richardson pub-
lished descriptions of two new isopods. Two papers on crustaceans
collected in and near Mammoth Cave and Nickajack Cave, by Prof.
\V. P. Hay, were published by the Museum.
Dr. Charles B. Wilson completed his study of the collection of
North American copepod crustaceans of the family Argulidse, the
results of which were published by the Museum as Proceedings paper
No. 1302. It occupies 107 pages, and includes a review of all the
species of the family and a bibliography, and is accompanied by 20
plates.
Dr. C. W. Stiles, Custodian of Helminthological Collections, made
an extended investigation of a parasitic disease prevalent among the
people of the Southern States, which he found to be due to the attacks
of a new species of hookworm, Uncinaria anierwana. He also carried
on investigations regarding frequency of the occurrence of parasites
in men. He published nine papers relating to parasitology' during
the year and three others along the same line conjointly with Dr.
Albert Hassall and Mr. Charles A. Pfender; also the first three paits
of an index catalogue of medical and veterinary zoology, Doctor Has-
sall being a coauthor. The stuff of the National Herbarium was too
fully ()(*cupied during the year with routine work and the rearninge-
ment of the collections to devote a great deal of time to investigations.
A third section of Doctor Rose's studies of Mexican and Central
American plants was published, and a paper in joint authorship with
Mr. ^\^ W, Hcmsley on the f^enus Jtf/laiu'a. He continued work on
the Crassulacete of North America conjointly with Doctor Britton,
and (•onn)leted a preliminary paper relating to that group of plants.
Mr. V, L. Pollard pu))lished a number of notes in the Plant World,
and described two new violets from the United States. He also pub-
lished conjointly with Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell descriptions of four
new i)lants from new Mexico. Mr. W. K. Maxon continued studies on
the Museum collection of ferns, and Mr. Edward S. Steele completed
a monograph of the genus lAicinnria,
KXPOSITIONS.
As stated in the last report, a part of the collections displayed at
the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, 1901, were later transferred
to the Charleston p]xposition, which closed May 31, 1902. The
exhibit made at the latter place was returned to Washington in June.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 81
In the meantime preparations were begun for the Louisiana Purchase
Exposition, St. Louis, 1904. The schedule of exhibits for this expo-
sition, approved by the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution,
includes the display of a series of specimens of the large game mam-
mals of the world, the cast of an adult sulphur-bottom whale (the
largest existing animal), a series of the largest and most attractive
birds, such as the ostriches, pheasants, birds of paradise, etc. ; large
reptiles, such as the crocodiles, alligators, boas, pythons, cobras, and
the like; a series of models of deep-sea fishes; a systematic series of
invertebrates, arranged with the special view of illustrating modern
methods of museum installation and labeling; a series of the eggs of
vertebrates; a collection of butterflies. An exhibit from the National
Herbarium, and some minor exhibits, will probably be decided upon
later. A representation of the Children's Rgom, showing the methods
to interest children in the study of animate nature, will also be made.
A report on the Pan-American Exposition was submitted during this
year, and will be found in the Assistant Secretary's report for 1900-
1901, pp. 177 to 231. The Head Curator, having been in charge of
the exhibit of the Smithsonian Institution and National Museum at
the Charleston Exposition, also submitted a report in that connection
which will be found in the Assistant Secretary's report for 1901-2,
pp. 1G5 and 166.
PERSONNEL.
Mr. F. A. Lucas, Curator of the Division of Comparative Anatomy,
was, as already mentioned, placed in temporary charge of all exhibits
of the Department of Biology, November 1, 1902.
Dr. L. Stejneger served as acting Head Curator during the month
of August, 1902, and for about one week in October of that year.
Dr. G. T. Moore, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, was
appointed custodian of lower algae in the National Herbarium, May
25, 1903.
Dr. Marcus W. Lyon, jr.. Aid in the Division of Mammals, was
appointed chief special agent for the exhibit of the Smithsonian
Institution and National Museum at t^e Louisiana Purchase Exposi-
tion, November 1, 1902.
Mr. Charles W. Simpson, Aid in the Division of Mollusks, resigned
December 31, 1902.
Mr. R. G. Paine was appointed Aid in the Division of Reptiles and
Batrachians, July 1, 1902.
Mr. W. B. Marshall was appointed Aid in the Division of Mollusks,
April 1, 1903.
Mr. W. V. Warner was appointed preparator January 17, 1903, and
was assigned to work on the permanent exhibit of insects.
HAT MU8 1903 6
82 REPORT. OF NATIONAL MUESUM, 1903.
Mr. W. E. Scollick was appointed preparator in the Division of
Mammals, May 14, 1903, and was assigned to the work of cleaning
skulls of small mammals.
Mrs. K. E. Earll, assistant in the National Ilerlmriuni, wiis given
leave of absence without pay from July 1 to October I, 1902.
Miss L. V. Schaeffer, prepamtor in the same division, was trans-
ferred to the library, Jul}' 1, 1902.
Miss J. Harvie served as a volunteer tissistant in the Division of
Marine Invertebrates for about nine months.
EEPORT ON THE DEPAETMSHT OF GEOLOGT
FOE THE TEAE 190S-3.
By Gborge p. Merrill,
Head Curator,
year that has just closed compares very favorably with those
ately preceding, both as to the number and value of the acces-
The Department is to be particularly conj^ratulated on acquiring
Dinger and Sherwood collections of vertebrate and invertebrate
another large portion of the Ulrich collection, and three entire
ites from Kentucky and North Carolina, as noted below. The
ample of the Shergotty, India, meteorite, secured through
rtesy of Dr. T. H. Holland, and a fragment of the celebrated
d- bearing meteorite from Novo Urei, Russia, are also worthy of
1.
ACCESSIONS.
otal number of accessions rec/cived by the Department is shown
lar form below, those for 1900-11)01 and 1901-2 being also
yr purposes of comparison:
Divisiona and sectionn.
r
te paleontology
paleontology- ..
»y
1902-3.
1901
-2.
1900-1901.
371
276
2H2
110
137
149
86
36
48
22
65
93
16
10
21
604
624
593
is been stated in previous reports, little idea of values can be
d from these figures. I give below, therefore, a list of some
more important materials received, either in the way of gift,
je, or exchange.
DIVISION OF GEOLOGY.
series of massive and cut polished stalactites and stalagmites
le Copper Queen Mine, Bisbee, Arizona, and copper ore from
ri, Mexico; the gift of James Douglas.
vo large specimens of pegmatite from Auburn, Maine; coUec-
bhe Head Curator.
83
84 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
3. A large series of economic materials exhibited by the U. S. Geo-
logical Survey at the Buffalo and Charleston expositions, and at the
close of the latter turned over to the National Museum. It includes
upwards of 400 specimens.
4. A collection of igneous rocks from Holyoke, Massachusetts^
described by B. K. Emerson in a paper read before the Geological
Society of America, December, 1902; the gift of B. K. Emerson.
5. A collection of volcanic bombs and lavas from Cinder Buttes,
Idaho; collected by I. C. Russell.
6. One fine large specimen of native arsenic from the Double Stand-
ard Mine, Santa Cruz Count}-, Arizona; through exchange with \V.
O. Crosby.
7. A collection of fluorite and associated rocks and minerals from
Kentucky; made by R. S. Bassler and E. O. Ulrich.
8. A fine series of halloysite from Hart County, Kentucky; the
gift of Hon. J. E. Stotsenburg.
9. A very complete series of talcs from the North Carolina Talc and
Mining Company-, of Swain County, North Carolina; the gift of the
company.
10. Quadrangle series of rocks from the IT. S. Geological Survey,
as follows: Globe Copper district, Arizona; San Luis Obispo, Cali-
fornia; Silter City, Idaho; Telluride, Colorado; Silver City and
De Lamar, Idaho; Coos Bay, Port Orford, and Roseburg, Oregon;
EUensburg, Washington; La Plata, Colorado; and Crater I^e,
Oregon.
DIVISION OF MINERALOGY.
1. A collection of some 200 specimens of minerals from various
American localities, received from the U. S. Geological Survey at the
close of the Pan-American and Charleston expositions. Conspicuous
in this series are the fine tourmalinitic quartzes from Little Pipestone
district, Montana, the larger being some 2 feet in length and coated on
one side with a parallel growth of small, richh'-colored amethyste.
A second example is a crystal of smoky quartz some 18 inches in
length, with good terminations, but bi'oken across the bottom so as to
show the sagenitic black tourmaline. The series also contains several
cross sections of crystals, 3 or more inches in diameter, showing
to good advantage the zonal arrangement of the quartz and tourma-
line; also a very complete series of aurichalcites and specimens of the
comparatively rare minerals coloradoite and melonite, as well as fine
tourmalines from California, endlichite from New Mexico, quartz
from North Carolina and New York, parisite from Montana, cinnabar
from Utph and California, fluorite from New Hampshire, gothite f rom
Colorado, melanotekite from New Mexico, barite from Colorado,
graftonite from New Hampshire, etc.
REPORT OK ASSISTANT SECRETARY.
8S
2. A series of zeolites from the trap rocks of New Jersey; the gift
of W. S. Disbrow.
3. A series of specimens of copper tellurides from the Good Hope
mine, including the new species rickardite; the gift of Dr. L. M. Weiss.
4. A fragment from the only known specimen of footeite; the gift
of Warren M. Foote, of Philadelphia.
5. Through purchase and exchange with the Foote Mineral Com-
pany, of Philadelphia, and other dealers, the following minerals, not
before represented in the collections, w^ere obtained:
Paramelaconite.
Baddeleyiie.
Lewisite.
Derbylite.
Ram melnbex)^ te.
Gninlingite.
Skutterudite.
Fentlandite.
Zeophyllite.
Lunebergite.
Areeneopleite.
Pearceite.
Nasonite.
Klinozoisite.
Szaibelyite.
Pinakiolite.
Edingtonite.
Sapphirine.
Graftonite.
Vandiestite.
Eulytite.
Wittichenite.
Molysite.
Mazapilite.
Fuggerite.
Dundasite.
Bavenite.
Larderellite.
Footeite.
Rickardite.
Stembergite.
Pyropissite.
Langbeinite.
Penfieldite.
Tieucophu'iiicite.
6. Through purchase and exchange, in part for the St. Louis Expo-
sition, the following meteorites have been added to the collection:
Locality.
Aleppo, Syria
Arispe, Mexico:
Crofls section
Entire individual
Baratta. New South Walefl
Barbotan, France
Bath Furnace, Kentucky
(Chateau Renard, France
Elbof^n, AuRtria
Ergheo, Africa
Qilgoin Station, New South WalcH
Hendersonville, North Carolina . .
Hex River, South Africa
Holland's Store, Georgia
Indian Valley, Virsrinia
Jelica, Servia
Weight.
Oranuf.
ir»7
9.695
'>,2G1
451
273
,'123
im
71
416
290
4,479
332
122
569
16
L( reality.
Kodaikaual, India
Majalahtl, Finland ,
MerceditaA, Chile
Mooresfort, Ireland
Mount Vernon, Chrifltlan (Tounty, Ken
tucky
Novo Urtd, RiisHia
Orvlnio, Italy
Perdmmon Creek, North Carolina
Reed dty, Michigan
Saline TowuHMp. Kansa;*
Sao Juliao, Portugal
Shergotty, India
Sokobanja, Servia
Tadjern, Algeria
Weight.
Granu.
90
346
206
117
nl.'V9.21
83.5
53
4,252
263
289
671
286
219
79
a Kilograms.
86 REPORT OF NATIONAL MU8KUM, 1903.
RKCTION OF IN>'KBTEBRATB PALBONTOLOOY.
1. A collection of some 1,200 species (76,000 specimens) of brvozoji
and 2,5(X) thin sections, from the E. O. Ulrich collection.
2. The Carl Rominger collection of Mississippi Valley Paleozoic
invertebrates. This consists largely of corals (many of which are
figured and described in the reports of the Geological Survey of
Michigan), crinoids, and mollusks, representing not less than 14,00()
specimens.
3. The Andrew Sherwood collection of Pennsylvania Upper Devonic
vertebrate and invertebmte fossils. This contains many choice slabs
filled with largo bmchiopods and mollusca, besides about 3,000 small
specimens.
4. Collections of trilobites with limbs {Triarthrus hecki) studied bv
Doctor Walcott and described in the Pro<*eedings of the Biological
Society of Washington, 1894; of Little Metis sponges, and some
twenty boxes of Paleozoic fossils, from the U. S. Geological Survey.
5. One large slab containing 18 fine specimens of melonites and some
185 labeled specimens from the Marcellus limestone; rei»«ived from
Dr. C. E. Beecher, of Yale University.
SBXTION OK VBRTRBRATB PALBONTDUHIY.
1. Casts of mandibular rami; teeth oi Mastodon humboldtiani Ma^-
toihm cordillemm ; received from the British Museum.
2. Cast of ^^^ of EiiuaiH crassus.
3. Reptilian footprints in sandstone, from Moimt C-arbon, Penn-
svlvania.
4. A tooth (type) of CJadodun farnumis^ from Needle Mountains
quadrangle, Colomdo; collected ])v Whitman Cross.
HK(TI<»N OF l*ALFX> BOTANY.
1. Eighty-three specimens of Paleozoic plants, from the Ulrich
collection.
2. A small series of fossil plants, from the Permian of Ohio.
8. Four hundred and eighty-eight spe(*imens of Triassic plants, from
Connecticut and Massachusetts; received from the U. S. Geological
Surv(»v.
UOUTTNK.
During the year under considenition the geographic exhibit of
economic minemls in tlie southwest court has been largely overhauled
and cases and specimens cleaned and rearranged. The collection of non-
metallic minerals on the ])ah*ony has likewise undergone rearrange-
ment. The case containing the stratigraphic and historical collections,
against the south wall in the west-south mnge, has been entirely recon-
stxnicted and the collections reinstalled. In the course of this work
REPORT OF AcJSISTANT SECRETARY. 87
some 2,500 blocks constructed on a new plan were introduced. These
are made of a tripartate veneering and only about one-fourth inch in
thickness.
In six floor upright exhibition cases and one wall-case, double doors
have been replaced by single, thus more than doubling the size of the
glass. The improvement is so great as to suggest the advisability of
carrying out the work in all the cases of this type.
The collections on the west front of the Museum have been over-
hauled and many specimens removed to storage, whereby the appear-
ance of the west front is considerably improved. The work has, as
usual, been done under the direct supervision of Mr. Newhall.
Manascript for about 1,300 labels has been prepared and sent to the
Government Printer. Upward of 6,000 specimen and reference cards
have also been prepared, and an equal number of specimens numbered.
The work of preparing the type catalogue has progressed but slowly,
only about 300 slips having been written. The large influx of new and
especially type material, has made it seem advisable to postpone the
immediate publication of this list. This work, together with the gen-
eral stenographic and clerical work of the department, has remained
in the hands of Mrs. Jouy and Miss Graves.
In the section of invertebi^ate paleontology^ a large amount of work
has been done in arranging the new materials, particularly those of
the E. O. Ulrich collection. During the year there were identified or
placed in final museum condition upward of 16,000 specimens. These
are recorded in the registers, but, on account of lack of clerical help,
have not been numbered, nor have cards been made for the card
catalogue.
Dr. Peale reports that work on the paleobotanical series has con-
tinued along the same lines as last year. The exhibition series has been
partially rearranged and new labels have l)een printed- and exchanged
for the temporary labels of the Paleozoic portion of the collection.
Work in the section of vertebrate paleontology has proceeded but
slowly, owing to the small force engaged. Mr. Stewart has been at
work during almost the entire year upon a mount of the Cfaosaurus.
The work is now nearly completed, and it is expected that during the
coming fall this very interesting vertebi*ate fossil will be placed on
exhibition in the southeast court. The hind limb of a Brrmtosaurus
has been prepared and placed on exhibition during the time under
consideration.
No explorations have been carried on during the year at the expense
of the Museum. Messrs. Schuchert and Bassler and the Head Curator
have been in the field on various occasions, but either at their own
expense or that of other organizations. Much valuable material has
thus been obtained.
88 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
EXCHANGE8 AND LOANS.
There have been sent out from the Division of Geology during this
period, to various individuals and students, some 1,262 individual
specimens and 1,288 pounds of miscellaneous material — this entirely
aside from such materials as are ordinarily loaned for study and inves-
tigation. For the last-named purposes there have been loaned during
the 3'^ear, from the Division of (ieology:
To T. Nelson Dale, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, specimens of roofing
slates and thin sections.
To George I. Adams, IT. S. (Geological Survey, 9 specimens of
gypsum.
To George F. Barker, University of Pennsylvania, 3 specimens of
uraninite.
From the Division of Mineralogy, material has been furnished to
the Chemical and Phvsical Department of the U. S. Geological Sur-
vey, to the Division of Roads of the Department of Agriculture, and to
the Bureau of Soils of the same Department. Samples of the Putnam
County, Georgia, and Admire, Kansas, meteorites were sent to Dr.
E. (3ohen, Greifswald, Germany, for use in his researches on meteoric
iron.
From the Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology there were loaned
to Dr. C. E. Beecher 43 specimens of Upper Carboniferous insects.
To A. W. Grabau, Columbia Universitv, 8 crinoids. To Dr. M. Coss-
mann, Paris, 10 Cretaceous gastropods. To Prof. S. W. Williston,
Universitv of Chicago, 257 specimens of Tertiary insects. To Dr.
John M. Clarke, State paleontologist, Albany, New York, a large lot
of Lower Silurian graptolites; and to the Royal Austrian Museum
(Dr. Handlirsch), 562 Carl>oniferous insects.
Portions of collections in the section of vertebrate paleontology
have been studied by Dr. E. C. Case, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Prof.
S. W. Williston, University of Chicago; Dr. J. B. Hatcher, Carnegie
Museum, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; Prof. II. F. Osborn, of the Amer-
iciin Museum of Natural History in New York City; and Dr. John
M. Clarke, State paleontologist of New York.
The paleobotanical collections, as usual, have been continually
available to th(^ paleobotanists of the U. S. Geological Survey. In
addition, Dr. Aithur Ilollick, of the New York Botanical Gai'dens,
has on several <>(*casions visited the Museum in connection with his
work on the island series of the Upper Cretaceous.
PRKSEXT CONDITION OF COLLKCTTIONS.
It may be safely stated that, as a whole, the collections are in better
condition than ever before. The improvement has been constant, and
though not as rapid as one could wish, is fairly satisfactory — perhaps
as satisfactory as can ])e expected in the present building. Naturally
REPORT OP ASSISTANT SECRETARY, 89
there must be a constant weeding out of old material and the insertion
of new in order that the collections may be kept up to date, but expan-
sion along any lines other than that of vertebrate paleontology is
practically prohibited through lack of space. The work which is now
being done in connection with preparations for the Louisiana Pur-
chase Exposition will, on the assumption that the collections return to
us in safety, fill the halls to their utmost extent, and it will unques-
tionablv be necessary to store a considerable amount of less desirable
material.
Mention may be made here of the mounted skeleton of the Church,
Michigan, mastodon, collected by Mr. Alban Stewart in the spring of
11K)1, which is now in an advanced state of preparation. This gives
the Museum its fii^st complete mounted representative of this interest-
ing group of quadrupeds.
The acquisition for the workshops of a one-half horsepower motor
with flexible shaft and fittings for drilling and cutting, and a 'Slenny
Lind" polisher, together with a renewal of the large grinding bed and
the remodeling of the reciprocating stone saw, have greatly facilitated
the work of the preparators.
The work of the year, as on previous occasions, has been compli-
cated by preparation for an exposition.
RESEARCH.
Various influences have prevented the Head Curator from taking an
active part in research in connection with the Museum collections.
Numerous brief papers have been published, but as they were not, for
the most part, based upon Museum materials, they need not be men-
tioned here.
In connection with Mr. Tassin, investigations have been made upon
the meteorite collections, but the results as yet are far from ready for
publication.
The Head Curator has in course of preparation a work upon the
History of American Geology. This is as yet so far from complete
as to need no special notice at this time.
Mr. Schuchert has continued his studies on Lower Devonic fossils,
as reported last year. A report to be published by the Geological
Survey of Maryland on this subject is progressing satisfactorily, and
it is expected will be ready for the printer some time during the com-
ing year.
Mr. Schuchei-t has also completed a study of the Cystidea of the
Manlius and Coeymans formations. The paper is about ready for pub-
lication.
Mr. R. S. Bassler has in preparation studies on the Bryozoa and
Ostracoda. A paper reviewing the entire Bryozoa of the Rochester
shales will, it is expected, be completed during the convlu^ \qvi\\fc,^.
90 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Mr. Phalen has made a study of rocks collected })y Messrs. Schiichort
and White in Greenland in 1897.
Papei-s by memljers of the U. S. Geological Survey upon materials
in the section of paleobotany are noted in the bibliogmphy.
The personnel of the Department remains the same as last year. Mr.
J. W. Coleman, skilled laborer in the section of vertebmte paleon-
tology, who had been away on leave of absence, returned to work on
Septeml>er 19, 1902, ])ut finally severed hid connection with the
Museum during the latter part of June.
APPENDIXES.
91
APPENDIX II.
List of Accessions, 1902-3.
L., 8ingajx)re, Straite
^rf^e and exceedingly
tions of natural history
the coast and islands of
Sumatra and the Riou
th of Singaj)ore, includ-
indred mammals, birds,
batrachians, fishes and
mting a large number of
1 t)eing new to science;
esting collei»tionfl of eth-
rial from Sumatra, Anda-
>bar Islands, comprising !
Hi specimens ilhistrating I
industries of primitive I
0243); one large and two i
an boats (41161). I
. (See under Smithso- |
n.) j
TiA. (See under Smith- I
ion.)
San Diego, Cal.: Two
iifornia. 41199.
Inglewood, Cal.: Ten
.Iifornia. 41222.
LEXANDER. (See under
nparative Zoology, C^aui-
jRKAr OF, Manila, V. I.:
I and sixty-eight plants
ippine Islands, ol>taine<l
the Bureau of Forestry
lants collected chiefly by
•ill (40646). Exchange.
Department of, Hon.
»n. Secretary: Nine hnn-
renty-four specimens of
cted in Texas and Mexico
a. T.Townsend (39656);
Agrici'lture, Department of — Cont'd,
received through the Biological Sur-
vey, dried specimens of invertebrates
from Hudson Bay, collected by Mr.
E. A. Preble (40020) ; 50 specimens of
fresh-water and marine shells from
the Hudson Bay region (40028); gall
insects, parasitic Hymenoptera and
Diptera, representing, the collection
of Dr. William Brodie, Toronto, Can-
ada (40171) ; received through Dr. I-..
O. Howard, lizard, Cnemidophorvs
gularisy from (ioliad County, Texas,
collected by Hon. J. D. Mitchell
(40188); 2 species of land shells from
Guatemala (40193) ; 9 specimens of
land shells from Mexico, collected by
Messrs. E. VV. Nelson and E. A. Gold-
man (41080); slugs in alcohol, from
Cuba, Texas, and Florida (41151);
received through the Biological Sur-
vey about 30 specimens, represent-
ing 5 species of land and fresh- water
shells from Mexico (40406) ; 6 beetles
(40423).
Material deposited in the National Her-
harium: Plant, collected by Mr. H.
Mertens at Unalaska (39616); 4
specimens of RibeSj collecte<l in New
Mexico by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerel 1
(39666); 23 specimens of Ribes, col-
lected by Mr. L. Spath, Berlin, Ger-
many (39680); plants, collec*ted by
Mr. F. A. Walpole in Alaska (39770);
plant, collected by Miss Dorothy
Merriam in Cahfornia (39775); 2
sj)ecimens of Cotyledon^ collected by
Mrs. Blanche Trask in California
(39781); plant from South America
(40059); 3 plants from the District
96
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
AuKUTLTURK, DEPARTMENT OF — CoiltM.
of Columbia (40082); 168 plants, col-
lected in Alaska by Messrs. A. H.
Brooks and C. G.Vringle (40100);.
siKJcimen of Amphiahniia and speci-
men of Tijphiops from Porto Ri(»,
collected by Dr. August Bu8(!k
(40116); plant from Mr. W. L. R.
Lynd, Dover, New Jersey (40126);
143 plants, collected in the District
of Columbia by Mr. (ieorge H. ShuU
(40172); 8 plants from Texas, col-
lecteil by Mr. Vernon Bailey (40245);
326 plants from Oregon, collei^ted
by Mr. F. V. Coville (40246); 2
plants from California, coUectetl
by Mr. J. B. Davy (40247); 6 plants
from New Mexico, collected by Mr.
D. W. Caldwell (40248); 2 plants
from California, collected by Dr.
C. Hart Merriam (40249): 4 plants
from California, collected by Mr.
H. M. Hall (40250); 5 plants from
Wyoming, collected by Messrs. T.
A. Williams and David Griffith
(40251); 214 plants from Wash-
ington, collected by Mr. J. B.
Flctt, of Tacoma (40268); 631 plants,
collected in Alaska bvMr. M. W. Gor-
man (40285) ; 5 plants from the
United States (40294); 176 plants,
collecteil in Alaska by Mr. W. L.
Poto (40302); 5 plants from Michi-
gan and other localities (40318);
67 plants from the University of
Minnesota, obtained by various col-
lectors from different localities
(40319); 130 plants, collected in
Alaska by Mr. A. J. Collier (40320);
about 100 plants, collected in Alaska
by Mr. F. A. Walpole (40372); 2
plants from Washington, collected by
Mr. J. B. Flett (40373) ; 34 plants from
California, collected by Mr. H. M.
Hall (40374); plant from California,
collected by Mr. D. P. Barrows
(40386) ;4l plants, colleckHl in Ontario
and Washington by Mr. F. V. Coville
(40387) ; plant from Canada, collected
by Dr. J. Fletcher (40388); 3 plants,
collected bv Dr. C. Hart Merriam
and Mr. E. A. Preble in California
and British Columbia (40472); 69
plantiJ, collected in Utah by Mr. II.
Agriculture, Department of — (>)nt'd.
D. Langille (40492); plants, wllected
in Oregon by Mr. F. A. Walpole
(40493); 2 plants from Porto Rico,
collected by Mr. C. F. Curt (40535);
9 plants from various localitie::
(40536); 87 plants from Alaska
(41540); 27 plants from Alaska
(4a541 ) ; 3 plants from El Paso, Texaj»,
collected by Mr. J. H. Gant (40563);
256 plants from California, collected
by Dr. V. K. Chesnut (40564); 772
plants, collecte<l by Mr. David Grif-
fith in Washington and Oregi>n
(40591); 4 plants from New Mexico
(40724); 2 plants from Vancouver
Island (40794) ; 3 plant* from Idaho
(40795); about 200 plants, collected
in Michigan by W. F. Wight in
1902 (40801); 3 plants (Picea) from
Canada, collected by Mr. F. V. Co-
ville (40827) ; 3 plants (conifers) from
Arizona, collected by Mr. Coville
(40828); conifers, principally from
California, collected by Dr. C. Hart
Merriam and Mr. Vernon Bailey
(40829); 31 i>lant8 from California,
collected by Mr. Vernon Bailey
(40830); 3 plants from California,
collecte<l by Dr. A. K. Fisher (40831 );
U i)lants from California, collected
by Messrs. C. Hart Merriam and
Vernon Bailey (40832) ; 8 plants from
British Columbia, collected by Mr.
E. A. Preble (40833); 12 plants from
Texas, collected by Mr. Vernon Bai-
ley ( 40834 ) ; 24 i>lant8 from (California,
collected by Dr. C. Hart Merriam
(40835); 32 plants from California,
collected by Dr. C. Hart Merriam
(40836); plant from California, col-
lected by Mrs. M. H. Manning
(40937) ; 95 plants, collected by Mr.
F. V. Coville in the western section
of the United States and Mexico
(40940); 10 specimens o( Junci from
Ix)uisiana, Utah, and Georgia, col-
lected! bv Messrs. C. R. Ball, M. E.
Jones, and A. H. Curtiss (40989);
9 plants from Maryland, collected by
Mr. Coville (40990); 309 plants, col-
letrted in Texas, New Mexico, and
California by Mr. Vernon Bailey
(41027); 5 plants from Oregon and
LIST OF ACCXSSIONS.
97
AoRiciTLTrR'k, Dbpartmbnt of — Cont'd.
Wanhington (41028); 82 RpeciroenH
of gnseeSj collescted in the DiBtrict of
Columbia by Mr. L. H. Dewey
(41101); plant, collected in the Dis-
trict of Columbia by Mr. E. L. Mor-
ris (41163).
(See under W. J. Beal; Berlin, (Jer-
inany, Botanical Museum; J. J.
C-mwley; E. M. Ehrhom; H. ().
Hall; R. M. Han>er; John W. HarHh-
Iteiver; Sheldon Jackson ; MinneHota,
I'niversity of; Hon. J. D. Mitchell;
E. N. Plank; Scientitic American;
J. F. Shaw; Jare<l G. Smith; J. .\.
Townsend; Mrs. Blanche Tnu*k;
F. M. Webster; F. L. Wyckoff . )
Alexani)er,William H., San Juan, Torto
Rico: Marine shells. 40226.
Alkkkn, J. I)., Stiidisches Museum fiir
Natur- Volker, Handelskunde, Bremen,
(rermany: Two cotypes of Agritjtes
rremiotles Meyer. 39995.
Ai.LRN, Thomas W., St. Joseph, Mo.: Car-
)>oniferrms fossiliferous shales. Ex-
change. 40863.
Allen, William F., Pacific ( Jrove, Cal.:
About 50 plants from California. 41 168.
Allison, Andrew, Bay St. 1x)uis, Miss.,
and Ixilxlel, La.: Four si)e<*iinens of
Bat, PipiMrHlfin suhflainiy^ from (.leoiyia
(3^599); 10 plants (:i9620); 4 binls*
skins (39646); toad {Unfo tenlig'moBm)^
from Bay St. Ix>uis (39712); toarl
(397K7); 33 birds' skins from Missis-
sippi (39840); Tree frr)g, Ibjla gratium
('19872); mole {Sralo})s atitmtinu)^
{1^9967); toad {Engifntoma rarolinmse),
(40704); l>at {Lnsiurim horraliK wm/-
nfpliu<), (40882); 2 siiecimens of Florida
nnl bat, [jfisinrHJi ItorrfillM M'minitlun^
from I^)iiisiana (41<W>5); Sjmdef«M>t,
Sraphinpui^ hf^ffrttohii (40103) ; snake
{Slorrrifi dekatfi) (41157). (See rtlw»
under Charles Marshall. )
American Entomoi^kjk-al Company,
BrrM>klyn, N. Y. : Receivwl thrc>u)2:ti
Mr. (Jeorjri^ Franck, inana^T. Four
moths (new to th<* Museum colUs'tion).
Exchange. 41174.
NAT MUS 1903 7
American Entomological Society, Phila-
delphia, Pft. : One hundred and twenty -
one specimens, representing 95 species
of Mexican and (Julian Ichneumonoi-
dea. Exchange. 40805.
American Museum ok Natural History,
New York City: Instrument for meas-
uring skull capacity. Loan. 8411.
American Waltiiam Watch Company,
Waltham, Mass. : Keceive<l through Mr.
E. A. Marsh, general superintendent.
Mounted and unmounted photogra])hs
of a large model watch movement.
41128.
Ames, Oakbh, North t^ton, Mass.: Seven
specimens of orchids from Culta. Ex-
change. 40814.
Ami, Dr. H. M., Geological Survey of
(^anada, Ottawa, Canada: Two speci-
mens of TrochoiiteH canadensis from
Montmort^ncy River, Quebec. 40335.
Anderson, C. R., Victoria, British Co-
lumbia: Plant fn»m British Columbia.
41203.
Anderson, J. R., Vi<!toria, B. C: Plants
from British C:oliimbia. (40f>75; 40804).
Anderson, O. M., Wilmington, N. C:
Plant from North Carolina. 40i:«.
Anderson, Rev. R. W., Wando, S. C-.:
( )ak -galls (408<Jrt ) ; Moth {Mamedra lan-
dahiliH (in. ), and a Tortricid (4mnm).
Andrk, Krnest, Haute- Saone, Franc**:
Ten siMHrimens of Mutillids including
4 cotyiH*s. Exchange. 39684.
Antrim, Walter. (See under Pennsyl-
vania Railroad Comjiany.)
Armstron*}, C. C. (SvHJ un<ler W. N.
Ciute.)
Army Medical MrsKiM. ( Sim' iind**r War
l)t»partinent.)
Arnold ARKoRFriiM, Jamaica Plain,
Mass.: Twciity-ri^ht sj)eciinens <>f Cm-
tirgim from tlie rnited States. Ex-
change. 4UXX).
Arnold, Ralph. Pasa<lena, Cal. : SjKM'i-
iiions of Miorciic ostnicmla. 40702.
AsiTNWALi., F. K., Atlanta, <;a. : Four
plants froni (itnirgia. 39871.
98
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
AiKTix, W. M., McLallen Comere, Pa.:
Water beetle, OjhiMeH fimhrutfatuH Say.
:I9601.
Baarda, p. J., van, Bedfoni, Ma8H. : One
hundred and twenty-five speriniens of
nioPHes from Holland. 41141.
BABt'<KK, Mrx. P. H., Washington, I). C:
Basket an<l Imndle of (leonria pine
straws (4<X*VM); coile*! basket of wire
jfrass from iSorrento, Florida (40rt96).
Backi's, II. H., Riverside, Cal.: Snake
{ hnnpropeith wuUicinctun) tnmi Cali-
fornia. 40187.
BAn)N, S. E., Krie, Pa.: Sj)ecimens of
Xifwphua. (39623; :W739).
Bag LEV, Prof. W. S., Waterville, Me.:
SjKvimen of Oliolm phaou (?). 404<)5.
l^AiLEY, (Jen. (i. W., Waterville, Minn.:
Four Chinese* <l()ll8an<l a i)ortion of the
tusk of a Mast<Mlon (.*{iM)19); j)ottery
ilrinkiu); cups, iK)ttery idol, vast*, and
8t«Hd mirror (40042).
Bailky, Vkknon. Washington, I). C:
Fourteen si)eriinen8of Cadi from Texas
(39H:{3); re<eiv(?<l tli rough the Depart-
ment of .\griculture, 3 plants from New
Mexico (41030). (Sw also under De-
partment of Agriculture.)
Hakkk, Mnj. A. D., Dundtn*, N.Y.: SjK'ci-
men of Ichncumon-tly, or " I^)ng
Sting," lihi/Hsa prrstKixarin Linmi'US.
39970.
I^AKKii, ('. F., lA'land Stanford Junior
rniversitv, Stanfonl Tniversitv, Cal.:
Twn hundred and eighty-(»ne plants
fn.in California (purchase) (39782); 82
siK'cimcns of Diptera from Ormshy,
N<n:ida, and Santa Clara and Mateo
counties, Calif(»rma (gift) (40308); 747
plants from Nevada and the Pacific
slope, California (purchase*) (40390); i\
specimens ( 2 HjK'cies) of IhTmit-crabs
from Nicaragua (gift) (40928); ^M) spec-
imens (28 specit»s) of marine, land, and
fresh -wMt<*r .«hells prin<M pally from
Xicanigua (gift) (40948); spe<'imen of
Sfduw from California (gift) (41103).
IVvKKK, Dr. Fha.nk, SuiM*rinten<lent, Na-
tional Zoological Park: Brea<l bowl,
stone hanuner, stom* hat<'}H>t, and a
stxjne ax. 4()81H3. (See also under
Baker, Dr. Frank — Continued.
Smithsonian Institution, National Zoo-
logical Park. )
Bakkr, F. C. (See under Chicago Aca'i-
emy of Sciences.)
Bakrk, L. K., Chester, Pa.: Photograph
of tablet erected by the Daughter «»{
the American Revoluti(»n, April It*.
1903, at Chester. 41194.
Baker, William H. (See under Pa»tal
Telegraph C-able Comi>any.)
Baldridge, Mn?. Maria, San Pedro, Cal.;
Los Angeles, Cal.: Three 8i)ecimensof
Cjfprira spadiced (404II6); 3 specimem*
(2 species) of marine inollusks frf>in
Newport Beach, near San Petiro, Cal.
(40763); 3 sijecimens of Murfx from
California (41036).
BALDWlN-ZEKiLER PoLAK F^XPEDITIOX:
lieceived through Mr. J. R. Champ,
8ec*n»tar V . M iscel lanetms in vertebrates,
molluskn, fishes, fossils, nxrks, and fot«^il
plants from Franz Josef I.And. 40988.
Balre, Miss M. v., Shejmnisville, Ky.:
Flint spearhea*! with core of nodule.
4W*20.
Ball, C. K. (See under Department of
Agriculture. )
Ball, (J. Arthur, FMmonton, Alberta.
Canada: Nest and 3 eggs of Canarla Jay,
Perisiireus rmmdeu^lXf from no^thwe^1
(Canada (purchase) (:W891); skin of
Canada Jay (gift) (40478).
Ballaik, I)., Washington, D. (•. : Male!
of the Ja<*obi electric motor. l*urcliase.
40789.
Bancroft, \V. J., ].<owell, Mass.: Jade
tablets and jatle seal. Purchase. 408S7.
Bano-Haas, a. (See under A. Stan-
<linger. )
Ban(;s, OiTRAM, Boston, Mass.: Two
liundrtMl an<l ninety-four birds' skins'
fnnn Central America and Colombia
lexehangtM (4(X)76); 2 s])ecimens of
liiit<ih'uhrHs mAanoth (40545); 52 birds'
f^kins from Honduras (gift) (40641).
Bannkhmann (iRanitr ('ompaxy, Chi-
eago, 111.: Cube of granite from a
quarry at Ke<lgranite, Waushara
County, Wis. 40077.
LIST OF A00ES8I0NS.
99
Barber, A. W., (General Land Office,
Interior Department, Washington,
D. C : Hearth of fire-drill and a speci-
men of Indian turnip or **Tip8inna,"
4a328.
Barbkr, H. 8., U. 8. National Museum:
Copi)erhea<l snake, Agkiatrodon conUtr-
irixy from Plummers Island, Maryland,
(.39705); Red bat^ Lasimnis borecdu
(31)794). (See also under Rolla P.
Carrie. )
Bard, T. D., Chelsea, Ind. T.: Speci-
men of Franklin's Gull, Lariis franklin i.
40893.
Barnes, (teorue D. (See under W. C.
Barnes.)
Barnes, W. C, Decatur, III.: Three
hundre<l and forty-three specimens of
Lepidoptera. 40360.
Barnes, W. C. and E. M. Duncan, Sani-
bel, Fla. : Received through George 1).
Bamef*. Marino shells from Sanibel
Island. 40278.
Barrott, a. F., Oswego, N. Y.: Rude
grooveil axe, double bladed, from Mc-
Guire's wharf, Westmoreland County,
Va. 40869.
Barrows, D. P. (See under Department
of Agriculture. )
Bartlett, H. H., Indianapolis, Ind.:
PhyllopKxis from Fall Creek, near
Indianapolis (40932); specimen of
Xnirir kirkhmdiiirom Indiana (41071 ).
Bartlett, Rith A., Kittery, Me.: Speci-
men of Moth {EudrjfOM grata Fabr. ).
;W73l.
Barthch, Paul, U. S. National Museum:
Skull of bla(*k bear, Urxiui amencanu^^
from the Dismal Swamp, Va. 40602.
Bakhi.kr, R. S., U. S. National Museum:
Fossils of the Cincinnati formation
from Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky
(40227); Richmond and Clinton for-
mation fossils from Indiana and Ohio
(40228).
B.\te8, Dr. E. N., Boston, Mass.: Fifty-
one United States musket flints (40616) ;
flint-lock gun formerly owned by John
Bums (40659).
Bbal, W. J., Agricultural College, Mich.:
Received through Department of Agri-
culture. Two hundred plants from
Michigan. Exchange. 40142.
Bearden, C. E., Wylie, Tex.: Larva of a
lepidopterous insect. 41 106.
Beck, R. H., Berryessa, Cal. Received
through Ernst Hartert, Tring Museum,
Tring, England: Five birds* skeletons
from Galapagos arid other Pacifi<t coast
islands (40326) ; 327 birds' skins from
the (jralapagos islands and vicinity
(40912). Purchase.
Beckwith, Paul, U. S. National Museum:
Lithographic coi)y of an anniversary
ode to the late President McKinley,
executeil by tlie Sisters of Mary of
Baltimore, Maryland (gift) (39956);
bronze official souvenir badge of the
thirty-sixth annual encampment of tlie
Grand Army of the Republic (gift)
(40009); 2 single-barrel Spanish fowl-
ing pieces (exchange) (40224); collec-
tion of miscellaneous photographs
(gift) (40354); 2 silver groats, Edward
I of England, 1154-1179 A. D., and 2
copi)er coins, Ptolemeus II to Ptolemy
VIII, 2a5-247 B. C. (gift) (40709); half
maravadi of Ferd VII, 1826, Spain
(gift) (40819); land document, Balti-
more County, Maryland, 1744, with
the seal of the Province of Maryland
(gift) (40821); invitation to the dedi-
cation ceremonies of the Louisiana
I^irchase Exposition, April 30 and
May 1, 1903; complimentary card and
admittance card to grounds (gift)
(40985); pistol and a revolver (pur-
chase) (41001); silver groat of Edward
1st, King of England, 1272-1307 (gift)
(41190).
Beech ER, Dr. C. E. (See under Yale
University Museum.)
Beede, Prof. J. W., Indiana University,
Bloomington, In<l. : Five specimens of
Plfnrotomnria from the Waverlv forma-
tion near Bloomington (gift) (40178);
siHicimens of foraminiferal washings
from the St. Ix)uis formation near Ilar-
rodsburg, Indiana. Exchange. 40198.
100
BEPOBT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Bblding, I^, Stockton, Cal.: Nest and 3
ef^ of Wilsouia pvuiilla pileoltiUi from
California (397(K)); 30 8i)ecimen8 of
Xifmphpca polyaepala from Stockton,
Cal. (397W). *
Bell, C. C, an<l (\ S. Taintkr, Washint;-
ton, D.- C: Bronxe me<lal. Ixmui.
8399.
Betzhoovek, (J. M., jr. ( See under John
Strother. )
Benedict, J. E., jr., Wocnlside, Md.:
Forty-six Hpe<*imen8 of Emerita ielpinda
(Say) from Anbury Park, N. J. 39878.
Benjamin, Mrn. MAKcrs, Washington,
D. C. : ThrtHj baskets. Exchange.
40163.
Benjamin, Dr. Marcus, V. S. National
Museum: Five samples of materials
use<l in the manufacture of baskets
(40()W); l)adge of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science*,
Ilenver, Colo., 1901 (411.%).
Benson, ('apt. H. C., V. S. A., Jefferson
Barracks, Mo.: One hundrwl and
thirty-three binis' eggs from New
Mexico an<l Arizona (40427); 14 binls'
eggs from the Philippine Islands
(4048:^).
Hewjman, K. W., SuitlaiKl, Md. : (m»at
Blue heron. :W724.
Berlin, (iKU.MANV, Botanical Mchki'm:
Five huHilred and Hcvonty plant** from
FAiro|H* and Africa (lUMiOO); rcc»'ive<l
through tlie Ocpartmcnt of Agricul-
tun*. 9') plant.-^ from Euro|>eand .Vfrica
i.S'.MW)5). Kx<hange.
Bkknick Pat ami Bishop Miskcm, llono-
lulii, Hawaiian Islands: KrccivHl
through Mr. William T. Brighain,
director. Forty-four birds' skins, and
4 binls' nests and eggs, from the islan<l
of (iuain, collected by Mr. A. Si»ale.
Kxchangc. 405.S7.
BiiiDLK, H. B., Wasbiiigton, D. ('.:
Digger-wasp, Stizun Kprrltn^tm Drury.
;W814.
Bikderman, C-. U., Florence, Ariz.: Ten
sptH'imensof C'icindelas from Harrison,
Ark., and 7 specimens from Hogne
River, Oregon. 40987.
BiLLn»s, A., l^wrenceburg, Ind.: Frt»sh-
water shelJH. 40044.
BiOLLSV, Prof. P., Instituto Fisico-Geo-
grafioo de Costa Rica, Ban Joe^*, Costa
Rica: Two species of lizards from (V-oe
Islands. 40400. (See also under ^^an
Joe^, Costa Rica. )
Biological Society of Washingtdx.
(See under J. 11. Schuette.)
Bird, Henry, Rye, N. Y. : Four moths
of the genus Gortyna and 3 lar\'«'. Ex-
change. 40348.
Bittenbender, Howard, Bloomsburfs,
Pa. : Spear head and 10 arrow i>ointj>.
39943.
Black well, W. A., Northeast, Md.:
Specimen of Hellljender, ( Yyfti}fm\nchn*
alleghaniensiii, from the Susquehanna
flats. 40135.
Blake, C. C, Woman's Temple, Chicago,
111.: Two cubes of oolitic limestone;
from (ireen River, Kentucky, and Bed-
ford, Ind. 40173.
Bl.\nkinsiiip, J. W., Bozenian, Mont.:
Fifteen plants from Montana. 411«>').
Bl.\tchley, Dr. W. S., State geologist.
Indianaix>lis, Ind.: Spei*inienof **Blue
racer," Hdncttnion flavimUrii^f from In-
diana. 40780.
B<'»HM, Julius, Vienna, Austria: Piece of
a meteorite from Ergheo, Somaliland,
Afrii-a, 427 grams. Kxchang(\ 40844.
Bolton, Dr. M. C, Washington, I). C:
Spwimen of dolomite frt>m (^>rtina,
Austrian Tyrol ( 4001 1 ) ; silver facsimile
of a sealing-wax impression made by
Dr. Joseph Priestley (40225); jewshari>
(4(M>79).
Bonar, ("apt. R. M., assistant surgeon,
r. S. A., Doamarinos, (^avite, V. l'-
Two katydirls belonging to the family
LoiMistida'. 39924.
Bond, Frank, Washington, I). C: Wea-
sel, PutoviuH iii(iri])fHy innn (^heyenne.
Wvo. 41014.
Botanic (i.vRDENs. {See under Sydney,
Ni'w South Wales, Australia.)
Botanical Mcskcm. ( See under Berlin,
(icnnanv.)
Boc( ahi), a.. Oak Hill, Spring Vale, near
Uy<le, bsKof Wight, England: Three
birds' skins. Purchase. L. P. X.
40600.
List OF A00JBS8IONS.
101
BouLB, t)r. M. (Seeander Paris, France,
Museum of Natural History. )
BouLENG ER, G . A . ( See under Sir George
Newnes. )
BouviEK, Prof. E. L. (See under Paris,
France, Museum of Natural History. )
BowDisii, B. S., New York City: Skin of
Euphcniia sdateri from Porto Kica
40124.
Bower, John, Sr., Philadelphia, Pa.:
Kailge of the Farra^t Association of
Naval Veterans, 18()1-1865. 40107. .
Bowles, J. H., Tacoma, Wash.: Two
nests and 5 egf^s of Streakeil homed
lark, (Mocoritt alpestris slrignta^ from
WashinKtx)n. 40157.
B<iwMAN, C. W., Devils Lake, N. I)ak.:
( iolden-eye duck. 39673.
Bowman, E. L., Clarion, Pa.: Specimen
of Cennatia forceps L. 39658.
I^)WMAN, William A., Lloyd, Mont.:
Ninetet»n birds* eggs from Montana.
40112.
Brace, A. C, Canandaigua, N. Y.:
Myriapod representing the species Or-
inntia forceps L. 40229.
Bradford, Rear- Admiral R. B. (See
under Navy Department.)
Bradford, Mrs. Sidney, Avery Island,
I^. : Four negatives of baskets. I/oan.
8457. (Returned.)
Brainerd, Erastus, Seattle, Wash.: Sil-
ver medal struck in Germany in com-
memoration of the visit of Prince
Henry of Prussia to the United Stat4»s
(40614) ; 8 si)ecimen8of gold from Idaho
Bar, Rampart district, Alaska, and 2
specimens of gold and silver from Slate
Creek, same district (40608).
Brainerd, Dr. Ezra, Middlebury Col-
lege, Middlebury, Vt: Two hundred
and eight specimens of violets from
Vermont (gift; exchange) (39988;
40060); 55 specimens of violets (ex-
change) (40078).
Brakelev, J. Ti'RN'ER, Ilomefstowii,
N. J. : Living larva*, puiw and t^ggs of
Cuiici<lK\ 40213.
Branch, H. Sklwyn, Roseau, Dominica,
West Indies: Eight birds' skins an<l 5
beetles. 39651.
Brandbore, T. S., San Diego, Gal.:
Forty-six plants from Lower California
(gift) (40559; 40577; 40578); 326 plants
from Arizona and California, collected
by C. A. Purpus (purchase) (40603);
122 plants from Lower California (ex-
change) (40729).
Brannbr, Dr. J. C, Stanford University,
Cal.: Two fossil crabs from Brazil.
Deposit. 39624.
Bracnton, Ernest, Los Angeles, Cal.:
Seven hundred plants from California
(purchase) (40322); 12 plants from
California (gift) (40758; 40884; 4ia'>0).
Brescia, Athen.cum. (See under Smith-
sonian Institution.)
Breton, Miss A dele, Peabody Museum,
Cambridge, Mass.: Twelve obsidian
flaked implements. 40300.
Brezina, Aristides, Vienna, Austria:
Meteorites from Jellica, Merciditas,
and San Juliao. Exchange. 40676.
Brigham, Hon. J. H. (See under Gov-
ernment Boanl, Pan-American Expo-
sition. )
Brigham, Dr. W. T. (See under Ber-
nice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Hono-
lulu, Hawaiian Islands.)
Brimley, C. S., Raleigh, N. C: Four
dragon-flies (gift) (39679); 6 speci-
mens of dragon-flies, including Neha-
/emia]>osUa Hagen, Anonudagrion hastn-
tum Say, and Legt^» rectangularis Say
(gift) (40038) ; 8 specimens of Pamphila
raro/ma Skinner (purchase) (40871); 5
dragon-flies (gift) (40915); 11 speci-
mens of Odonata igiit) (41063).
Brimley, H. H. (See under State Mu-
seum, Raleigh, N. C. )
Brimley Brotiier.s, Raleigh, N. C:
Reptiles and batrachians from Mexico
and the United States (39697; 40041).
Purchase.
Brink, T. F., Nashville, 111.: Chrysalis
of butterfly ( Grapta interrogation is
Fabr.) 39631.
British Muskum. (See under Ix)nd(>n,
England.)
Bkitton, L. H., Edgewater, N. J.: In-
dian woven scArf. Ix)an. 8149.
102
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Brizard, Brou88E, Art'ata, Cal. : Un-
inounte<l photo^^phH of Indian
baflkets. 40486.
Brizari), Paiti. a. (See under Phoenix
Wooil and Coal Company; also under
"The Curio. '»)
Broc'KETt, Paul, Smithsonian Institu-
tion: Woodcut design of Washington
Mormment; life of Jefferson Davis in
live tableaux, and eight eampaign
badges. 40627.
BaoDiE, Dr. W^illia.m. (See under De-
|)artment of Agriculture. )
Brooks, A. H. (See under Department
of Agriculture. )
Broompikli), (jr. W., Mackinaw Island,
Mich. : Caddis-wornis of a noun>pteroid
insect Injlonging to the order Trichop-
tera. 41127.
Brown, C. T., Richmond, Va.: Copi)er
coin (^Hindu-Britannit!). 40666. (See
also under Department of Agriculture. )
Brown, E. J., Lemon City, Fla. : Rep-
tiles, birds, bats, an<l insects from
lA^monCitv. 40,S01.
*
Brown, Mrs. J. Crosby, Orange, N. J.:
Nyckelhaupa (purchase) (89668); fid-
dle of American make (gift) (39752);
bass horn, gounl mandolin, ami 2 cAne
flutes (exchange) (41172).
Brown, N. H., Lander, Wyo. : SjK*ci-
mons of Triassic fossils. 89774.
Brown, Mrs. X. M., Ashtabula, Ohio:
Three hundred and thirty-two plants
collected in Mexico bv K. W. Nelson
and K. A. (loldman (purchase)
(8971.S); 818 plants collected by the
same persons (purchase) (89719); 248
plants from Mexico colIectiHl })y Mr.
Nelson (purchase) (4(M>()4); 128 plants
from Mexico also obtaine<l bv Mr.
Nelson (purchase) (40755).
Brown, Thomas, Department of Agricul-
ture, Auckland, New Zealand: Re-
ceived, through Dr. L. O. Ilowanl, five
speciniens of lii.*<e(;ts. 4(K)95.
Brown, Kev. William, Northbend,
Wash.: Three si)ecimens of Lt/rajMr-
(lon (ii(j*nitfU}H from Spokane County.
4(XK)8.
Browne, Dr. W. G., Atlanta, Ga.: Two
specimens of Lubljer grai!«*ho[>per, />i>-
tyopharu* reiiculcUus Thunb. (89H70;
39671).
Brownlev, p]., Norfolk, Va.: Caterj^illiw
of Jxigwi cri»imta PackartL ;^864.
Brijes, C. T., Zoologii!al Laboraton-,
Columbia Unlversitv, New York Citv:
' Thirty-seven spetnmens of Hymenoj^-
t«ra and 3 sptK^imens of Coleoptera.
40143.
Bryan, W. Alanson, Bemice Pauahi
Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii:
Four lizanls and specimens of cnista-
ceans from Marcus Island (40394;
40737) .
Bryson, Mrs. Mary, Barton, Fla.: Pes-
ter plate. 39795.
BvcKMAN, Mrs. M. N. (See under Smith-
sonian Institution, Bureau of Ethnol-
t>gy- )
BvLKLEY, Mrs. A. L. (See under Na-
tional Society of the Daughters of the
American Revolution. )
BuLKLEY, Barry. (See imder CitiziMis'
Executive Committee, (i. A. R. Fji-
campment. )
BuLLARi), Charles, Cambridge, Mase.:
Thirty specimens of Nymphea from
Wisconsin. 39850.
Bi'M(jARi>NER, Edward, Lawrence, Kans.:
Six lx>tanical specimens from Kansas,
including Staphyka (rifoliah.; Enony-
WHS (itrapurpureiui Jsu.*q.; Rhamimts latt-
reolata Pursh; ( brmn* amomujn Will (?);
Am<>rj)fni frvtict>m L., and Or/rwiw ajjywn-
fofia Michx. 39877.
Bunnell, J. H. & Co., New York City:
received through A. J. Wise: Knox &
Shain Morse telegraph registers Nos.
8032 and 8095. (40788; 40906.)
BnicEss, L. S., Wasliington, D. C. : Paint-
ing on shell and a cutting knife. Loan.
7826.
HiRMEisTER, W. L. J., Chicago, 111.:
Digger Indian skull and some small
]M)nes. 40664.
Birr, Mrs. Ehenkzer, Bridgeport, Conn.:
Poino Indian basket from Lake County,
Cai.; three photographs. 40776.
LIST OF ACCESSIONS.
108
BuBCK, August, Department of Agricul-
ture: Forty-six specimens of Chilomyc-
fm> from Baracoa, Cuba. 40691. (See
also under Department of Agriculture. )
BiTLER, Miss Fauhtina, Portland, Me.:
Plant. 39662.
BiTTo.v, F. L., Oakland, Cal. : Five speci-
mens, 2 species, of land shells from
Mexico (39778); specimen of Nettasto-
mella dnnmn Cpr. from Bolinas, Cal.
(4a338).
Cahn, Lazard, New Brighton, N. Y.:
Fomteen specimens of mineraln. Pur-
chase. 40957. L. P. X.
Calcitta, India, Royal Gardens: One
hun<lred and twenty plants from India.
Kxchange. 39917.
Caldwell, D. W. (See under Depart-
ment of Agriculture) .
Caldwell, H. R., Foochow, China:
Bird**' eggs, insects, and coins of China.
40:Mo.
California Academy of Sciences, San
Francisco, Cal.: Plant from Nevada,
colIecte<i by Prof. P. B. Kennedy (gift)
( 40183) ; 20 plants from California (ex-
change*) (40280); 4 specimens of Coty-
ledon from Monterey, collecte<l by Miss
Alice Eastwood (exchange) (40663).
Calif<irnia, l-NivERsiTY OF, Berkeley,
Cal.: Four specimens of Cotyledons.
39854.
Callahan, J. IL, Baltimore, Md.: Kvans
picmeer gun. Purchase. 40743.
Callier, A., Rosswein, Saxony, Ger-
nianv: Two hundre<l and seventv-
three plants from Russia. Exchange.
40647.
Calvert, Dr. P. P., Academy of Natural
S<.*ien<'es, Philadelphia, Pa. : Four spe-
cies of dragon flies (new to the Museum
collection). 40334.
Calvert, Lieut. W. J., U. S. A., Fort Mc-
Henry, Baltimore, Md.: Moro gun
made in Mindanao and captured at the
surren<ler of Manila. I»an. 7688.
Canby, W. M., Wilmington, Del. r Forty
s{)ecimens of OratPcg^iB from Delaware.
Exchange. 40817.
Cannon, W. A., New York Botanical
(xarden, Bronx Park, N. Y.: Two hun-
Cannon, W. a. — Continued,
dred and thirty-five plants collected
on Roan Mountain, North Carolina.
(40964; 40965.) (Purchase and gift.)
Carrico, E. T., Stithton, Ky.: Five un-
mounte<l photographs taken during a
storm in Stithton, 2 arrowheads, spear-
head, and specimen of pottery. 40052.
Carroll, J. A., superintendent, MescA-
lero Indian Agency, Mes<»alero,N. Mex. :
Mescalero Apac^he basket. Exchange.
40469.
Carroll, J. J., Waco, Tex.: Abnormal
egg of White-necked Raven, Connis
fTtfptoleucitSy from Texas (gift) (39627);
4 eggs of Mexican Jacana, Jacana «p?-
nosa (exchange) (39824).
Carroll, J. M., Washington, D. C. ; re-
t»eive<l through W J McGee: Nails
believed to have been used in the con-
struction of the White House, and in
making repairs after the partial burn-
ing of the building in 1813. 39742.
Carruth, F. H. & J. H., Lobdell, I^.:
Bat {Cbrynorhinus macrotis). 40787.
Carruth, G. H., Ix)bdell, Ia.: Carabid
beetle, Calomma myi Dejeau. 40972.
Carter, Dr. R. K., Blue Dirge Summit,
Pa.: Chrysomelid beetle, Coptoci/cln
(jiitfcta Olivier. 39856.
Caste, F. L., Sandy ville. W. Va. : Speci-
men of Walking-stick, Diapheromera
Jcmornio Say. 39901.
Casto, Ca])t. Mark, Pleasantville, N. J.:
Two marine shells from New Jersey.
40534.
Cathcart, Miss E. W., Washington, D. C. :
Plant from Marvland. 40315.
«
Cattell„G. W., Woodbury, N. J.: Speci-
men of wood from New Jersev. 39702.
Caudell, a. N., Department of Agricul-
ture: Two hundred and ninetv-six in-
sects (40147); 5 insects of the family
IxK'Ustidflp (40760).
(^KccoNi, Dr. (iiAcoM(),Vallombro8a, Flor-
ence, Italy: Bats and reptiles. Pur-
chase. 39771.
Chamberlain, E. B., Washington, D. C:
Two si)ecimens of moss(»s from Maine.
40314.
104
BEPOBT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Champ^J. H. (See under Bald win-Zeigler
Polar Expe<lition.)
Chandler, II. P., Lincoln School, Pasa-
dena, Cal.: Plant from California.
40366.
Chandler, HoRACK,Fairville, New Bruns-
wick: Clover-mite [Bryobia pratensis
(rarman). 39889.
Chapman, Mrs. C. N., Sault Ste. Marie,
Midi.: Thirteen specimens of Eskimo
clothing; and implements from Fort
Chun'hill, Canada. Purchase. 41187.
Chapman, Mrs. E. M.,\Va8hin>?ton, D. C. :
Ancient and modern silver and copper
coins. 41018.
C'HKRKiK, Georob K., Brooklyn Institute
of Arts ami Sciences, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Six bats from Venezuela. 39808.
Chesntt, V. K., Bozeman, Mont.: Three
plants from Montana (39874; 39890).
(See also under Dej)artmcnt of Agricul-
tnrc. )
('mcAtJo Academy op Sciences, Chicago,
111. : Keceivcil through Frank C. Baker,
<leep-sea shells from Yacatan Channel
(gift) (40150); re<*eived through Wil-
liam K. Higley, 6 mounteil l)irds (ex-
chan^c) (41158).
Citizens' Execi'tive Committee, (t. A. R.
Encampinent, 1902: Received through
Barry Bulkley, secretary, 38 badges
of the Thirty-sixth National Encamp-
ment* of the (i. A. R., held at Wash-
in^'tcn, 0. C, Octobi'r 0-10, 1902.
:iW)77.
Clahk, Trof. Huhert Lyman, Olivet Col-
lege, Olivet, Mich.: Receive*! through
Professor AVheeler, ])lant from Mich-
igan (399G4); lizards from Jamaica.
(40.'J3()); snake { I'Jutnuia hrarhystfnna)
from Michigan (40949); 4 batrachians
from Micliigan (41072); 11 lishes, in-
chuling fjj/ro(lontii< moriDf/a: Lfihrisffmns
pectin ifer; Irarli inotus; Minutnmt}! n)i;
SipJ'osloina: Fknu^frr (t (Jin is, aii<l Fnn-
tiulns (41227).
Clahk, T. B., New York CMty: Four
sjH'cimens of ancient glassware from
Syria. Punthase. 397.SH.
Clark, Prof. William B., Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Md.: Specimens
Clark, Prof. William B. — Continued,
of washings containing foesil Ostracoila.
Exchange. 40395.
Clarke, Hopewell, St. Paul, Minn.:
Rocks and ores from near Winston,
Mont. (39635); specimens of malachite
and malachite calcite (39882).
Clements, F. E., Minnehaha, Colo.:
Two HpecimeuB of Sedutn from Colo-
rado. 39768.
Cloonan, E. a., St. Louis, Mo.: Dragon-
fly, AnajrjiiniiJUi Drury. 39865.
Clitte, W. N., Binghamton, N. Y.:
Thirty-tive fernn from New Zealand,
collected by C. C. Armstrong. Pur-
chase. 40284.
(Jockerell, l*rof. T. D. A., East Ia«
Vegas, N. Mex. : Unio from New Mex-
ico (39862); Coleoptera, Diptera,
Uymenopteraan<l other orders (39888);
16 8i)ecimen8 (4 species) of hymenoj>-
terous parasites (39999); 90 si^ecimens
of insects from New Mexico (40115);
47 jmrasitic Hymenoptera, bred from
coccids collected at Zapotlan, Mexia^
by Prof. C. II. Tyler Townsend (40204);
insects, mollusks, and crustaceans
(40255); cotype of Lamprempii
chichirneca Wheeler and Melander,
from Mexico (40257); carbonifercnis
fossil, 3 nKH3ozoic fossils and 7 fo^^il
plants (40458); 471 specimens of in-
sects, including Diptera, Trichoptera,
Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera,
Rhynchota, and Lepidoptera (40612);
3 si^ecimens of cockleburs, XaiUliium
( 4()f587 ) ; miscellaneous insects (40703) ;
am phi pods, leeches, and a geophilid
from Las Vegas Hot Springs (40707);
l)lant fnmi New Mexico (40722); 2
])lant8 from New Mexitx) (40725); 91
si>ecinjens of Lepidoptera, 24 speci-
mens of Orthoptera, 39 specimens of
Diptera, (k^ specimens of Hymenop-
tera, and 1 specimen of Neuroptera
(40998); miscelleneous insects (41042);
mollusks and crustaceans from San
Pedro, Cal. (41075); 11 land shells
from Pecos, N. Mex. (41170). (See
iindiT Department of Agriculture.)
Cocks, R. S., New Orleans, La.: Two
plants from lx>uisiana. 40803.
UAt OF AOCfissioird.
165
CoKER, R. £., U. S. Fish CommiBBion,
Beaufort, N. C: Anneli<i8 from Beau-
fort. 40978.
CoLEY, Jambb, Norway, S. C: Snake.
40841.
Collie, G. L., Beloit Ck>IIege, Beloit,
Mich. : Nine species of Mokawkian fos-
sils from the Bellefont section, Penn-
sylvania. 41008.
«
Collier, A. J. (See under Department
of Afirriculture; also under Interior De-
partment, U. 8. Geological Survey.)
Collins, F. S., Maiden, Mass.: Seventy-
five specimens of Algje (:^)728); 100
8{>ecimens of plants ( Phycotheca Bore-
ali- Americana) (40W2); 50 specimens
of North American algaj (41205) . Pur-
chase.
Collins, G. N., and O. F. Cook, Depart-
ment of Agric'ulture. Two dragon-
flies, st^me-fiy, and ant-lion fnmi Tapa-
chula, Mexico. 40096.
Collins, J. F., Provideni-e, R. I.:
Twenty-i^ne siKHiimens of violets from
Rho<le Island. Exchange. 40857.
Collins, William A., Waterhury, Conn.:
Spider, Argiope auratia Lucas ( = Argi-
ope. riparh Hentz). 39907.
Colt's Patent Firearms Manikactitr-
in(j Company, Hartford, Conn.: Re-
ceive! through L. C. (4rover, president.
Two automatic Colt pistols (40481;
40999).
Columbia College, New York Citv.
Plant obtained by Dr. M. Darlington
at West Chester, Pa. 40898.
CoMSTOCK, Prof. J. Henry, Cornell I'ni-
versity, Ithaca, N. Y.: Type si)eciinen
of LytnoymUha amiMockii. 40j)97.
CoNr.DoN, J. W. (See under Miss Alice
Eastwooil. )
Cook, Prof. O. F., Department of Agri-
culture: Two specimens of Phrynids
from Porto Rico (40098); 24 misc^el-
laneous insei'ts and aratrhnids from
Porto Rico (40203). (See under New
York Botanical Garden; also under
G. N. Collins.)
Cooke, A. C, East Liberty, Ohio: Luna
moth, Actios luna Liiimfus. 39628.
Cooke, Dr. P. M., Denver, Colo.: Speci-
men of Grapevine leafhopper, Typhlo-
cyha vUu Harris. 40097.
Cooke, W^. W., Department of Agricul-
ture: Nest and 3 eggs of HelmirUhophUa
pinua. 41225.
Cooper, William, Milo, Me.: Sample of
ro<!k with supposed traces of animal or
plant life. 39743.
Cooper, W^ B., U. S. National Museum:
Bronze 50 cash, issued 1850-1851, by
the Tartar dynasty, Chinese Emjwre.
40412.
Copper Queen Consolidated Mining
Company, New York Citv. Receiveil
through James Douglas, president.
Tinte<l stalactite and sections of Naco-
zari ores (39773); 2 sections of tinte<l
stalatrtite (39755) .
CoQuiLLETT, D. W., Department of Agri-
culture: 2,214 specimens of Diptera.
:i9585.
CoRBETT, L. L., Watkins, N. Y.: Seven-
teen stone implements. 40510.
Corning, J. H., Washington, D. C:
C\ibe of polished marble from (juarry
at Kakles Mills, Washington County,
Md. 40237.
Cohsmann, M. Maurice, Paris, France:
Tbree sj^ecies of rare Kocene fossils
from the Paris Itasin. Itt)918.
ConuiLiN, Mrs. W. H. (Sci^ under
Mather, Fred, testate of.)
CoviLLE, F. V. (See under Department
of Agriculture.)
(^ox, Emery, Brightwoo<l, D. C: Scret^'h
owl, Megascops nsio. 39797.
Cox, Miss Hazel, Brightwoo<l, I). (•.:
Oven-bird, Seinrui< aunfcapUlufi. 39870,
Craighead, Krwin, Mo])ile, Ala.: Hcm)-
(ioo charm used by the negroes of Ala-
bama. 411(>0.
C'RAWKORD, Joseph, Philadelphia, Pa.:
Plant. :mm.
Crawford, Lamar, Washington, D. C:
Stone implements, fragments of |M)t-
tcry, etc., from a nx'k-sh»'lter on Spuy-
ten Duyvil Creek, near Fort George,
Manhattan Island, N. Y. 41004.
106
HEPORt OF NATIONAL MtTSEUM, 190^.
Crawford, Mrs. Margaret, Brightwood,
D. C. : ^nov,'yow\, Xyrtai uyctea, 40986.
Crohby, D. J., Department of Agricul-
ture: SiK»ciinen of Paruir quinquefolium
colkH;te<i in Virginia. 40454.
Crohby, F. W. Washington, D. C. : Trilo-
bites fron) Mount Stephens on the Cana-
dian Pacific Railroad (gift) (39980);
gla(!ial clay from West Seattle, Wash,
(purchase) (40027); 2 specimens of
concretionary diorite from near San
Diego, Cal. (gift) (41049).
Crosby, W. ()., Massachusetts Institute
of Ttnhnology, Boston, Maas.: Sj>eci-
men of native arsenic from Santa Cruz
County, Ariz. Exchange. 40899.
Cross. L. T. (See under Montello(iran-
ite Company.)
Cross, Whit.man. (See under Inti»rior
Department, T. S. (Geological Survey.)
Crowlkv, J. J., Logan, Mont.: Receive<l
.through Department of Agriculture.
Plant fn)m Montana. 4114().
Crozier, Brig. (Jen. William, V. S. A.
(See under War l^jpartment. )
CrMMiNs, M. D., Pierceton, Ind.: Arrow-
hea<ls, hatchet^, and fossils from Kos-
ciusko County, Ind., and 3 specimens
of ore from Colorado and Kansa^^.
39735.
CrRRiK, R. P., and 11. S. Barber, V. S.
Xatij)nal Mnseuni: 3,982 insects repre-
senting diff(*rcnt orders from Plum-
mers Islaiul, Marvland. 4010().
»
CiHKY, Cai»t. (iK(»h<;e. (See undiT I Ion.
B<*rnard S. Rodey. )
CruT, C. F. (Sec under Department of
Agriculture. )
CruTiss, A. II. (St'c uixlcr Department
of .Vgricultun*. )
CrsHiN(i, Mrs. F. II., (larrett Park, MjI.:
Forty-six blankets, baskets, pj)ttery,
and other articles. Purchase. 41193.
CrsHiMJ, Frank JI. (<ieceased). (See
under Smithsonian Institution, Bureau
of Fthnology. )
CrsicK, W. C., T^nion, Oreg. : Twospeci-
mens of iSV</?///< from Oregon (4(K)34*);
24 plants from Oregon {40500).
CiTTTs, Mrs. F. (;., Riverside, Wash.:
Pu]>u<»/Sphinx-in(»th. 41200.
Daggett, Hon. John, Black Bear, Ol.:
Pie<* of twine used by the Indians of
the I^wer Klamath Kiver in making
their net«, and specimen of plant from
which a fiber resembling hemp is oh-
taine<l. 39798.
Daniel, J. W., jr., Washington, D. C:
Bat ( 3/o/o*«i« /(Wi/m) ; rat {Oryzom\is),
from Sapu(«y, Paraguay. 41062. (See
under A. Royeter. )
Daniel, Dr. Z. T., Siletz Indian Agency,
Oreg. : Braes key and a potato masher.
39677.
DANIKL8, L. K, Indianapolis, Ind.:
Twenty-live specimens of Carb<:>niferoii!»
insectH. Deposit. 40339.
Dannefakri), S., Auckland, New Zealand:
Two ei)ecimenBof Apieryx hunjeri from
Stewart Islands, New Zealand. I^ir-
chase. 40075.
Dannehl, Henry. (See under James
McDonnell. )
Darlincjton, Dr. M. N. (See under Co-
lumbia College, New York. )
Davenport, Dr. C. B., University of Cbi-
cjigo, Chicago, 111.: Four species of
fresh- water brvozoans. 40(>11.
Davenport, H. C, F^ast Orange, N. J.:
Trai)ogan Pheasant, TVa/w/Kin mtym
( 401 34 ) ; Sonnerat's Jungle fowl, (iaJhu
soiin<*r(itif an<l a Brazilian tree duck,
DvudronjguavhlHata (40467); Trajxtgan
Pheasant [Orioruh) (40496); 7 birds,
in the llesh, including 3 siKrimens new
to the Museum collection (4(H>8:^) : Bean
goost» (40747); 3 specimens of Black-
winged jHiacock, Pam ni(/rij)€iinis; also
3 specimens of (ifillus lafayeHij Pom
ri-UtatxLH variety (41125); specimen of
(SalluH rarlus and a specimen of Chryiao-
InpJm.^ amherstiif ( 41 1 78 ) ; Java |>eacock,
Pftro inuticutt; 3 Jungle fowls {GaJlvf
hank'ira) and a hybrid (widlns Umkmi X
i<tm rurntii ( 4 1 1 84 ) .
Davidson, \., l^>s ^Vngeles, Cal.: Four
plants from California (40934; 41069).
Davis Hkotiikrs, Diamond, Ohio: Four-
iKirrel Kt»mingt<ni i)epper-l)ox jdstol
(40607); six-shot revolver, Maynanl
patent, 1845; six -shot Connecticut A mis
Ojmpany revolver, 18:U (40944). Pur-
chase.
LIST OF ACORSSIONfl.
107
Davy, J. B. (See under Department of
Agriculture.)
Dauley, Cole, Dade City, Fla.: Spider
(Arroscmui gracile Walkener). 40447.
Day, Dr. D. T., U. S. (Geological Survey:
Two Hpecimens of magnetite from the
eastern section of Porto Rico (40854);
niinerais from Santa Catalina Island,
California, collected by Mr. Splittstoeser
(40874). (See also under Interior De-
partment, U. S. (Geological Survey. )
Dayton, C. N., New York City: Twenty-
four photographs. Purchase. 41060.
Deam, V. C, Bluffton, Ind.: Three speci-
mens of TriUium (406»8); 4 plants
representing the spetnes Cardamine
jM'miAfflranirn Mohl and Trillium sessile
L. (41021).
I) KANE, Cecil A. (See under Smithsonian
Institution, Bureau of Ethnology. )
Dbdrick, a. v., Seattle, Wash.: Speci-
mens of stream tin.«tone and iron, from
a i)lacer deposit on Back Creek. 40393.
Deemkk, Christian, National Military
1 1 onus Dayton, Ohio: Two brass screws
and a gilded wocnlen ball from the
r. S. S. CninlHTland. 40132.
Dei SARD, Efhraim, Kearny, N. J. : He-
brew ceremonial objects. I*urcha8<».
39909.
De Kalb, \V. CyV). S. Fish CJommission:
I>3aves and flowers of Nj/mpha' rarit-
gala from Tar Kiln Pond, near Little
Sel>ago I^ke, North Windham, Me.
:i9(508.
Delay, C. K.. Nuthall, Ind. T.: Copy of
ordinance to dissolve the union l)etween
the Stat*^ of Mississippi and other
States. 39790.
Demokidoff, K., St. Petersburg, Russia:
Five sjKH'imens of hymenopterous par-
asites reprewnting 2 species (40708); 2
hymenopterous ]>arasites {("ntoUjccus
( Jteromalus ) pellncidiis Fr)r8ter ) ( 4 1 1 97 ) .
Dempsey, p. O., I^ngdon, D. C. : Piece
of woo<l from Chancel lorsville Imttle-
field, transfixed bv a ramrcxi. Pur-
chase. 40741.
DEN'Tf).\, S. F., Wellesley Faniis, Mass.:
Six mounted fishes, including Exornim
uUitans, lAic,t(/phry% Irieomity Scams
Denton, S. F. — Continaed.
cceruleuSf Scarus vetula, PseudoscaruB
guacamaia, and Diodtm hysirijr, Pur-
cha^^. (See also under U. S. Fish
Commission.) L. P. X. 40678.
De Peer, Howard, Carlock, 111.: Speci-
men of Jjcptocoris triviUala Say. 40144.
Dbsciiamps, Emile, Shanghai, China:
Fishes from India, and crustaceans,
echinoderms, insects, and shells from
Singapore and vicinity. Purchase.
39708.
Dewey, L. II. (See under Department
of Agriculture. )
Dev. J. H., Evei^green, Ala.: Eggs of
Microcentrum reiininerve. 4(X)99.
Deyrolle, Les fils d' Emile, Pans,
France: Twenty-two specimens of
Mesozoic corals from France (40793);
small collection of mammals (41017).
Purchase.
Dickinson, W. E., New York City: Two
Aleutian baskets (purchase, L. P. X.)
(40876); Aleutian baskets (purchase)
(40877) .
DiDCOTT, John, (Ottawa, Ohio: Carved
elk horn. Purchase. L. P. X. 40781.
DiLLER, Dr. J. S. (See under Interior
Department, U. S. Geological Survey.)
DiNwiDDiK, ('ouRTENAV, (ireenwoo<l, Va. :
Parasitic wasp {Midilla orcidaUalw Lin-
naeus). 39843.
DiNwiDDiE, W. W., t7. S. Naval ()bser\'a-
tory, Washington, 1). C. : Sf)ecimen8of
marcasite and lignite from Washington,
I). C. (39906; 40376.)
DiHBROW, Dr. W. S., Newark, N. J.: Two
coin balances and an astronomical
mo<lel. 40279.
DiTMARS, R. L., New York Zoological
Park, New York City: Five young
water snakes from South Carolina
3989(); 39897.
DoANE, K. W^., Fisheries Experiment
Station, Pearson, Wa»^h.: Shrimps.
40)3:^.
DoDOE, Byron E., Davison, Mich.: Stone
relics. Dei)08it. 8037.
DoiKiE, C. K. (See under E. L. Morris.)
Dodge, G. M., I^uisiana, Mo.: Nine
8i)ecimens of I^epidoptera. 40477.
108
BElK)Bt OF NAtiOI^At MUSEtJH, 1903.
Douglas, James. (See under Copper
Queen (^Consolidated MiningCoinpany. )
Doty, C. E., Washington, D. C: Forty-
one photographs of scenes in Habana
and vicinity. 40304.
DouviLLE, Prof. Henri. (See under
Paris, France, fecole des Mines. )
Dowell, IhiiLip, U. S. National Museum:
Plants from Connecticut, District of
Columbia, and other localties. (39830;
39950; 39951.)
Drake, C. M., Eureka, Cal.: Specimen
of BoHchjtUika gtrohUacea (Jray, from
California. 39948.
Dresden, Germany, Royal Zoological and
Anthroix)logical-Ethnographical Mu-
seum: Received through Dr. A. B.
Meyer. Small mammals (40668);
specnmens of Scops manadnvtin from
Celebes (40791 ) . Exchange.
Driver, F. W., Montserrat, West Indies:
Thret» lizards. 39747.
Di'DLEY, J. G., National Zoological Park,
Washington, D. C. : Red Imt, Ixmurus
}toreali8. 41088.
DuciiiM, Dr. A.,(iuanajuato, Mexico: Fifty-
three specimens of Mexican insects
(gift) (399a'>; 4a573); 32 insects (ex-
change) (40121) ; parasitic insects (gift)
(40593); 14 wasps and a bee (gift)
(40878).
Dr.MAREsT, Rev. M. (See under Smith-
sonian Inntitution, Bureau of American
Ethnology. )
Duncan, E. M. (See under W. C.
JiariieH. )
DrpHEV, H. F., San til Rosa, Cal. : Twenty-
wvcn flint arrowheads. 40742.
Di'HHVN, Natal, Africa, Natal Botanic
(iardon: Received througli J. Medley
Wood, curator. One hundred South
African i)lants. Exchange. .S9801.
Di'Rv, Chaklf:.s, Cincinnati, Ohio: Thirty
HiH-'ciinens, 8 Hi>e('ies <»f l)ij>tera (40375 ) ;
4 specinieiKsof Dipteraand lA'pidoptera
( 1 species new to the collection)
(4a532).
Dyar, Dr. Harrison (i., V. S. National
MustMiin: One hundred and six six»ci-
mens of Diptera from (Vnter Harbor,
New York (40014); 229 specimens of
Dyar, Dr. Harrison G. — Continued,
insects (40148); plant from British Co-
lumbia (41167).
Fames, Dr. E. H., Bridgeport, Conn.:
Fifty-one plants from Connecticut.
Exchange. 40317.
EAfirrwooD, Miss Alice, California Acad-
emy of Sciences, San Francisco, Cal:
Two specimens of Cotyledons from
Santa Barbara (exchange) (39603); 7
plants from California (gift) (397B4);
i!0-type of Spraguea pulchellu Eastwood,
(X)lle<!ted in California by J. W. Cong-
don (gift) (39828 X; 14 plants from Cali-
fornia (40800; 40813; 41112; 41149;
41202). (See also under California
Academy of Scieni^es. )
Eaton, A. A., Seabrook, N. H.: One
himdreil si)ecimen8 of IHtridophyta fn»m
New p]ng]and (40itt9); 50 speiamenfiof
J'^juisetnm from Massachusetts (4071^)).
P^xchange.
Eaton, Dr. T. T., Louisville, Ky.: Blank
check on the Bank of Martinique.
41188.
Edwards, Vinal N. (See under U. S.
Fish Commission.)
Egoleston, W. W., Rutland, Vt.: Four
plants from Vermont. 40139.
PxiVPT Exploration Fund, London, Eng-
land: Received through Miss Emily
Patterson. Ten pieces of Egyptian
papyri. 39965.
KiiRHoRN, Edward M., Mountain View,
Cal. : Receiveil through Deimrtment of
Agriculture: One himdred and seventy-
nine specimens of insei^ts, including
Rhynchota, Diptera, and Hymenoptera.
40702.
EiciENMANN, Dr. C. H., Indiana State
University, Bloomington, Ind. : Twenty-
seven specimens (4 s]>ecies) of crusta-
ceans from Cuba. 40026. (See also
under Indiana, University of.)
Ki.sKN, Dr. (iustav, San Francisco, Cal.:
Receive<l through Dr. L. O. Howard:
Two hundn'd and twenty-three speci-
mens of insects from Antigua and Goa-
temalu, including Hymenoptera, Hemi-
ptera, Orthoptera, and Neuroptera.
40174.
LIST OF ACCESSIONS.
109
P^NOLiBiiy G. L.,& Co., New York City:
Nineteen Hpeciinens of minerals (pur-
chase) (40155); specimen of anargite
an<l 2 specimens of fluorite (purchase)
L. P. X. (40156); 8 8i)ecimen8 of min-
erals (imn^hase) L. P. X. (40590); 9
Hpecimens of minerals from the Andes
of Ovalle, Chile (purchase) L. P. X.
(40958).
Kntwistle, W. B., Washington, D. C. :
Specimen of Florida galinule, (iallimUa
galeata. 3^>98:i.
Khopi's Millstone (Company, Kingston,
N. Y. : Received through Mr. A. Hayes.
8mall millstone from (juarries near Ao
cord, N. Y. 39921.
Elliot, D. G., Field Colombian Museum,
Chicago, 111.: Two bats. 40186.
Klliott, C. B., Riverside, Conn.: Crab-
spider, Acrownia nigostim Htz. 39903.
Klliott, R. M., U. S. Fish Commission:
Turtle, Kinostemfm pehnnyliHinieumy
from the Potomatr River. 41057.
Ellis, George W., Monrovia, Liberia:
Two hundred and fourteen ethnological
specimens. Tx>an. 8512.
Klmer, a. D. E., Paloalto, Cal.: Two
hundred plants from California. Pur-
chase. 40062.
Emerson, A. 8. (See imder National
Marble Company, Murphy, N. C. )
Emerson, Prof. B. K., Amherst College,
Amherst, Mass. : Fourteen specimens of I
diabase and associated rock from Mas- i
sachusetts. 40343. I
Emmons, Lieut. G. T., U. S. N., Prince- !
ton, N. J.: Tobacco bag, Kuskokwim I
lamp, 2 l)erry- winnowing baskets an<l
37 gambling sticks (exchange) (40054);
Alaskan basket (gift) (40055); set of
tools used by a Tlinkit Indian wood-
carver in making dugout canoes, masks,
etc. (gift) (40238); ethnological objects
fn>m British Columbia (purchase)
(40349); baskets, masks, and other
objects (purchase) L. P. X. (40383);
South coast l>asket (exchange) (40881 ) ;
2 masks, 2 mortars, wand club, and a
wooden figure (purchase) (41221).
(See under Smithsonian Institution,
Bureau of American Ethnology. )
EsTEELEY, G. W., Washington, D. C:
Caseworm {Thyridopteryx fpherenurfor-
mis Hald). 39629.
Evermann, Dr. B. W., U. S. Fish Com-
mission, Washington, D. C: Planta,
land and fresh-water shells from Cali-
fornia. (40324; 41044.)
Fahs, R. Z., Kirkland, Wash. : About 50
specimens (11 species) of land and
fresh-water mollusks from the north-
western section of the United States.
40487.
Fall, Prof. H.C., Pasadena, Cal.: Thirty-
seven beetles, 30 being wtypes. 40210.
Fargo, J. F. : Received through Mr. Wirt
Tassin, U. S. National Museum. Corun-
dum in granite from San Antonio Can-
yon, San Bernardino County, Cal.
Exchange. 40955.
Farrington, Prof. O. C. (See under
Field Columbian Museum. )
Faxon, Dr. Walter. ( See under Museum
of Comparative Zoology. )
Featherstonhaugh, Dr. Thomas, Wash-
ington, D. C. : Three watch movements.
40325.
Ferguson, A. M., University of Texas,
Dallas, Tex. : Specimen of Sedum from
Texas (40629); plant from Texas
(40629).
Ferguson, C. B., Sulzer, Prince of Wales
Island, Alaska: Specimen of epidote.
40129.
Fernali), M. L., Gray Herbarium, Cam-
bridge, Mass.: Twenty plants from
Maine. Exchange. 40815.
Ferris, C. C, San Diego, Cal.: Butterfly
( T}ieda htimuii Harris) . 401 61 .
Fewkes, Dr. J. Walter, Bureau of Amer-
ican Ethnology: Eleven torches from
Porto Rico and 2 sa^ldle bat*ketH (40914) ;
2 Spanish swords (40927); cylindrical
liasket ina<le from a palm-leaf sheath,
in open-(!()iled work with cover, made
by prisoners in a Porto Rican i)rison
(40113); l)ond indenmityft)r possession
of slaves, isHue<l in Porto Rico, April 6,
1876 (4ia'>4).
Fible, Miss Sarah, Philadelphia, Pa.:
Hat, l>elt, unfinished l)elt, baskets, and
specimens of raphia. 39938.
110
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Field CJoix'mbian Musei'm, Chicago, 111.:
Plaster cast of a ntone collar (exchange)
(40162); received thmugh Mr. F. J. V.
Skiff, director, cast of sciilptureil cylin-
drical stone (exchange) (40351); re-
ceive<l through Prof. S. E. Meek, rep-
tiles and l)atrachians* from Mexico
(exchange) (40379); niete<jrite from
Saline Township, Kans. (exchange)
(4a'>85); received through Dr. O. C.
Farrington, secttion of meteorite from
Indian Valley, Floy<l County, Va. ( ex-
change* ) (40853).
Finn, \a)Vih D., Blacknburg, S. C. : Sixk^"!-
men of iron ore and asl)e8to8 from
mines near Blacksburg. 40740.
Fischer, V. (i., Washington, 1). C. :
Three baskets and a leather water
bottle. 40043.
Fisir Commission, I'. S., Hon. (i. M.
Bowers, Commissioner: I'adille-fisli,
Dog-fish, and (Jar-pike (3t)959); Cirri-
peds from Porto Rico, colle<'ted by the
steamer Fish Iliwk, in 1889 (39998);
received through Vinal N. Edwards,
cral)s, shrimps, and fishes from Woods
Hole, Mass. (40084); moMs of fishes
made bv S. F. Denton for the Fish (>)m-
missi<m exhibit at the WorM's Colum-
bian Exposition (4()18(>); dried plants
from islands in theceiitral PacificOcean,
obtained during the cruise of the AlUi-
tnm in 18»9-nKK) (40199); 4 si)eci-
mens ( type and cotyiH's) of l*ri>n'hU'rna
sd.iatillH from Necker Island (40215);
crabs representing the genus Parutjnns,
from Sbeepscot River, Maine, collected
])v W.C. Kendall (4()3(>,3); crustaceans,
corals, and mollusks collected during
the A/ff(itrotM Hawaiian ExpcHlition of
1902 anrl tlie Samoan Expedition of the
saints year (40409); received through
Dr. C. H. (filbert, Hawaiian (Alhotr()s.s)
crustaceans and (•< )rals (40520 ) ; received
through D/. D. S. Jordan, Japanese
fishes collected bv the steamer AJhn-
troni* (4<J525 ) ; tyjK'S and several cotypes
of fishes coIlecte<l in Maine bv W. C.
Kendall (40()73); specimen of darter,
IladropternH eicnuamu, cotype, col-
lected in T^ake Tippecanoe, Indiana,
by W. J. Moenkhaus (40686); about ;
Fi8H Commission, U. S. — Continued.
1,(X)0 specimens of land and fresh-
water shells from Indiana (40807);
imperfect skeleton of a cetacean repn.*-
senting the species Pi*eud(jrca crftmdeni'
(40812); plants collected by Mr. Chan-
(rey Juday at Twin Lakes, Coloradu
(41091); 81 binls* skins, princii)ally
from I^ysan Island, birds' eggs and
nests from Lavsan Island and Ne<^'ker
Island, and 2 human skulls and fra^'-
inents of skulls from I^aiiai, Hawaiian
Islands (41092). (See under Dr. O. P.
Jenkins. )
FisHKK, Dr. A. K., Department of Agri-
culture: Nest and 4 eggs of lldmhi-
thxtphila pinus, 41226. (See also un<ler
Department of Agriculture; and Hardin
Irwin. )
Flemixo, J. H., Lake Joseph, Muskoka,
Ontario, Canada: Specimen of Xymphira
mrietjuta from I^ke Joseph. 39<>89.
Fleti'iiek, Dr. James, Central P^xperi-
ment Farm, Ottawa, Canada: Speci-
mens of Xytnpha'fi hybrida&nd Xympfuni
vnrifgata (39704); received through Dr.
L. O. Howard, cynipid gall (39758); 25
specimens of Lepidoptera (40484); 3
plants from Canada (40561 ). (See
under Department of Agricultun*.)
Fi.i-rrcHEu, Orri.v K., Acting Hospital
Steward, Manila, Philippine Islands:
Two eggs of Afegapodins riimmhiffi from
the Philippine Islantls. 40701.
FLFrrr, J. B., Tacoma, Wash.: Specimens
of \ffmphua jKjlysepala^ and 120 plantis
from Washington (gift and exchange).
39606; 40111. See under Department
of .Vgriculture. )
Flint, Dr. James M., U. S. N. (retired):
Japanese martin {MuMelfi). 40352.
FoHs, F. J., Marion, Ky.: Specimen of
tluorite (gift) (4(H)60); 19 spe<-ies of
subcarboniferous fossils and 2 speci-
mens of prismatic sandstone (gift)
(40721); siKicimen of fluorite (ex-
change) (40798).
FooTE Mineral Company, Philadelphia,
Pa.: Fourteen sj>ecimenfl of minerals
from various localities (purchase)
(40127) ; tourmaline in lepidolite from
LIST OK ACCESSIONS.
Ill
FcH»TE MiNKRAL CoMPASY — Continued.
Mesa (iran<Ie, Cal. (purchase) (40380);
11 HiK.rinienH of niineralH from various
hx-aliticH (purcha>«e) (40571); 23 speci-
iiienj* of inineralH from variouH l(K»litieH
(exchange) (40711); 6 eiKKjiinene of
mineralH (Imrcha^*e) (40956). L. V. X.
FooTE, Warren M., Phila<lel]>hia, Pa.:
Spei'iiiienH of footeite. 40713.
FoRen" AND Stream IYblishinu Company,
New York City: Two brook trout, Sal-
velinaa fimtimiUs. 40784.
F()RE^<^RY lii'REAr. (See umier Burt»au of
Agrirulture, Hiilippine Inlands )
Foss, Capt. F. E., U. S. N., Washington,
D. C. : Itelic taken from a church in
Paranaka province, Philippine Inlandn,
40424.
Foster, Frederic De P. ( See under Saint
Nicholas* Society. )
F'oster, William, Sapucay, Paraguay,
South America: Mammal nkinn, birds'
eggs, 23 binls' nests and 11 binls* nkins,
also colle<*tion of natural history sjKHi-
mens (39979; 40:i4H; 41039); 721 siH»ci-
mens of insects (41 122). Purchase.
FowKE, (terard, ('hiilicothe, Ohio: Pre-
historic Indian reli<'s; 12 flint nod-
ules from near Corydon, liid. (401 W;
41217) . (See under Sniithsonian Insti-
tution, Bureau <>f American Kthnology.)
Franck, (ikor<je. (Set» umler .\merican
Entomological Company. )
Frank, II. L., President Montana San<l-
st<me Comimny, Butte, Mont.: He-
ceive<l through J. E. Horsford, Helena,
Mont. SampU»8 of sandstone, onyx,
and granite from Montana. 40342.
Fra.nsceschi, Dr. C. F., Santa Barl)ara,
Cal.: S<»e<ls from Califoniia. 4072«.
Eraser, Dr. W., Corwith, Iowa: Sphinx-
moth. 39835.
French, Dr. Cecil, Washington, I). C. :
Young wild turkey from near Warn.»n-
ton, Va. (40123); canvas-back duck
(40353); skin of Cinnannm teal, (iuer-
fineduht njanojUrm, from Texas ( 40476).
Friend, Eimjar N., Washington, D. C. :
Specimen of lea<l-covere<l telcplione
cable. 4a516.
Frierson, L. S., Frierson, Ia. : Thre<'
specimens of MeretrU from China
Frierson, L. S. — Continued.
(39605); fresh-water shells (40:^12); 8
specimens of weevils representing the
species Chalcodermus icneus Boheman
(41105).
Fryer, Mrs. M. A. B., Kingston, Jamaica:
Car\'ed stone metate. Pun*hase. 40001.
Galpin, Rev. F. W., Hattield Vicarage,
Harlow, Englan<l: Two reproductions
of musical instruments, viz, a zinck or
zinker of (rerman manufacture during
the sixteenth century, and an Italian
Cromorna. 4(X)23.
(tant, J. II. (Set^ under Dei>artment of
Agricultun*. )
(tardner, X. L., Universitvof California,
Berkeley, Cal.: Two sj)ecimens of Co-
tyledons from Califoniia. 41024.
(tarretson, Charles, Reliance, Va. : Wild
cat, Ltfii.r rujKM. Purchase. 40408.
< rEARiiART, Peter, Clearfield, Pa.: Worm
l)elonging to the genus Gorditu*. 3993^^.
(lEE, N. (tisT, SiKX'how Cniversity, De-
]>artment ai Natural Sciences, Soochow,
China: Three small miniature figures
carve<i in wo<xl. 40550.
(lERRARD, E., & Sons, London, England:
Skeleton ai an Australian gix)se, (Weop-
sIm inn'iv hnlUtmhr. 39645.
(JiLHERT, Mrs. A. p., I^ogan, Okla.:
Spt»cimen of KremofmtcH ftalii}>eM Say.
39746.
(iILBkrt, Dr. C. H. (See under I*. S. Fish
ConimiK^ion.)
(iiLL, DeLancy. (SeeumlerSniithsonian
Institution, Bun»au of Ethnology. )
(JiLVE, A. P., I>ogan, Okla.: Sulphugid,
EnmoUttt':^ jHiIlijtei* Say. 39H19.
(iiRACLT, A. A., Virginia P(>lyte<'hnic In-
stitute, Blacksburg, Va. : Four speci-
mensof parasitic II ymenoptera (40681 );
4 siXM'imens ( )f SyrterrpiM hatatt/idfii Ashm.
(40918).
<iLENN, Prof. L. C., Vanderl>ilt I'niver-
sity, Nashville, Tenn.: Meteorite fn>m
3 miles northwest of Ilendersonville,
N. C. Exchangi\ 41155.
(lOLDMAN, E. A., Washington, I). C:
Fourteen plats from Mexico ami Cali-
fornia. (39809; mm.) (Si»e under
Dei>artinent of Agriculture; also under
Mrs. N. M. Brown).
112
E£POBT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Goldsmith, B., Washington, D.C.: Badge
preeiente<l to Spanish War Veterans by
the District of Columbia. Purchase.
39905.
CJoRBY, iS. S. (See under Hon. J. H.
Stotsenburg.)
Gordon, James B. , Stonington, Me. : Cube
of granite from quarries at Crotch Is-
land, Maine. 39952.
GoRMAX., M. W. (See under DeiMirt-
ment of Agriculture.)
Goru), Miss M. M. (See under Smith-
sonian Institution, Bureau of Ethnol-
og>'.)
(tovkrxment Hoard, Pan-Amkricax Ex-
iMwiTioN, Buffalo, N. Y. : Received
through Hon. J. H. Brighaui, chairman.
Philippine collection of ethnological
objects and natural-history material
exhibited under the Government Board
at the Exposition. Deposit. 39609.
G RABAT, Dr. A. W., Columbia Univer-
sity, New York City: Specimens of
Rochester shale fossils from western
New York. Exchange. 408(W.
Grant, Brig. (ien. F. I)., U. S. A. (Be-
<iueathed by Mrs. Julia Dent (Jrant
to the National Museum): Ancient
Japanese gold cubinet presented to
Mrs. (Jrant by the Empress of Japan;
|)air of modern bronze vases presented
to Mrs. (4 rant by the Emperor of Japan;
lady's gold toilet set and seven cuj>s
presented to Mrs. (Jrant by the King
and Ciueen of Siam; lady's ornamental
scent bottle made of tihigrec silver and
sent to Mrs. (Jrant ])y the Maharaja of
Dekkan; Japanese poems written by a
celebrated Japan(\^» poet and presented
to (Jeneral (Jrant during his visit in
Japan; dress worn by Mrs. (Jnint at
the se<'ond inaujrnral ball of (Jeneral
(Jrant; pair of white satin slippers worn
by Mrs. (Jrant; Siamese t'hest (»f bam-
l>oo and gilt presentetl to Mrs. (Jrant
bytheKingand(2ueen of Spain (4().S92);
24 relics of (Jeneral (Jrant, in<'lu<ling
regulation riding boots and Ix'lt, sad-
dle, valise, commissions, addr<.»sses of
welcome, menu cards, certificates of
membership to various military and
other orders, etc. (40682).
Grant, Brig. Gen. F. D., U. S. A., San
Antonio, Tex.: Shoulder straps worn
by himself during the Porto Rican cam-
paign and in the Philippine Islandi*
(gift) (40692); sword worn by him-
self during the Spanish- American war
(gift) (40838); death mask of the late
Gen. U. S. Grant (deposit) (8152).
Grant, F. H. McK., North Carlton, Mel-
bourne, Victoria, Australia: Specimen
of Upper Silurian starfish and a speci-
men of Lower Silurian cephalopod.
Exchange. 40295.
(trant, Gborgk B., Pasadena, ( -al. : Plant
from California. 40993.
(Jrant, Jbsse R. (See under Brig. (Jen.
F. D. Grant. )
Grant, U. S. (See under Brig. (len.
F. D. Grant. )
Graves, Dr. C. B., New London, Conn.:
Sixteen spet^imens of violets from Con-
necticut. Exchange. 40219.
Gray Herbarium, Cambri<lge Station,
Boston, Mass.: Two hundred an<l
twenty-five plants from different locali-
ties (exchange) (40101); 3 plants from
California and Mexico (gift) (40218);
34 plants from various localities (ex-
change) (40816).
Greble, Mrs. E., Washington, D. C:
Three baskets. Loan. 7908. (Re-
turnwl. )
(iREKN, R. A., U. S. National Museum:
Hat {M}/otisHubul<ttti4t}j from Maryland.
39H41.
(iREcjEK, D. K., Fulton, Mo.: Three spe-
cies of marine shells (gift) (;i9729);
('and)rian fossils from PoU»8i, Mo., and
vicinity (ex<*hange) (39744) ; 5 speci-
mens i}i JUninchnuella Htriatoro*tata from
theUpiKTChoteau limestone of Tahiiip
River, Knox County, Mo. (exchange)
(407H5).
( Jreciory, V. H., Chiswick, Ixmdon, Eng-
lan<l: Ten meteorites. Purchase. 40619.
GuiFFiTH, David. (Sei» under Department
of -\griculture.)
(Jkixnell, Joskimi, Palo Alto, Cal.: Two
skins (topotyjH^s) of Dendroica vHifXL
brewHirA, 40895.
LIST OF ACCESSIONS.
118
Gbinold, Emerson R., Grand Ledge,
Mich.: Cast of Indian pipe in Grand
Ledge fire clay. Exchange. 40488.
Gbout, Dr. A. J., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Fifty
specimens of mosses from the United
States and Ecuador (exchange) (40046) ;
50 specimens of mosses from the United
States (purchase) (40491).
Grover, L. C. (See under Colt's Patent
Fire Arms Manufacturing Company. )
Grubb», Dr. K. B., assistant surgeon U. 8.
A., Iligan, Philippine Islands: Snake,
scorpion, and slug from the Philippine
Islands. 40233.
Gbumbacii, Ernest, Pueblo, Cal. : Opos-
sum (MarmofHi murina), 40179.
GuERDHUM, 8. C, Mount Pleasant, Wash-
ington, D. C: Mammals from Iowa.
Purchase. 39996.
Guthrie, Ossian, Chicago, 111.: Glacial
bowlders from Sacket Harbor, N. Y.
40497.
Haogbtt, Mrs. G. B., ZufXi, N. Mex. : Three
Zufii baskets of modem manufacture.
39741.
Hall, Miss Annie S., Cincinnati, Ohio:
Gold medal presented to Charles Fran-
cis Hall by the Soci^t^' de Geographic
of France. 40030.
Hall, H. M., University of California,
Berkeley, Cal. : Fifty plants from (Cali-
fornia. (39831, 40628, 407o9, 40885,
40904, 40935, 41084). (See also under
Department of Agriculture. )
Hall, H. 0., Washington, D. C. : Received
through Department of Agriculture.
Plant from Maryland. 40035.
Hamilton, 8. H., American Museum of
Natural History, New York City: Two
specimens of manganese from Panupo,
Santiago, Cuba. Purchase. 39587.
Hammell, John, Madison, Ind.: S{)e<.*i-
mens of Richmond fossils. Exchange.
40307.
Hanley, D. T., Baltimore, Md.: Five-
Iwirreled revolver. Purchase. 40851.
Hanson, Dr. C. C, Ocoto, Wis.: Collec-
tion of Buddhistic religious objects.
Purchase. 39920.
NAT Mrs 1903 8
Hardestv, Owen G. (See under Smith-
sonian Institution, Bureau of Ethnol-
ogy.)
Harding, E. H., Washington, D. C: Pair
of silver spectai^les worn by John Hard-
ing, aid to General Washington during
the war of the Revolution. 40413.
Harper, R. M., CoUegepoint, N. Y.:
Twelve specimens of Dryopteria Jfori-
(Zarwf from Georgia (exchange), (40047) ;
155 specimens of Alga?, fungi, Bryo-
phita and Pteridophyta collected in
Georgia (purchase), (40504); about 40
specimens of Cretaceous and Pxxwne
fossils from western Georgia (gift),
(40507); 505 plants from Geoi^ia (pur-
chase), (40685) ; 2 plants from Virginia,
received through the Department of
Agriculture (41129).
Harriman Alaskan Expedition. Receiv-
ed through Prof. Trevor Kincaid, Uni-
verity of Washington, Seattle, Wash.:
Isopods. 40695.
Harrington, W. Hague, Ottawa, Canada:
Received through Dr. L. O. Howard.
Nine specimens of Diptera. 40333.
Harris, Lieut. Jesse R., U. 8. A., Wash-
ington, D. C. : Brass coin balance.
40498.
Harris, L. C, Eldorado, Cal. : Cranium of
a Digger Indian found in a cave, and a
sacrificial bow from a medicine lodge.
41156.
Harrison, 1). C, Bay Bank, Hampton,
Va. : Three plants from Virginia. 41 148.
Harshberger, J. W., University of Penn-
sylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.: Received
through Department of Agriculture.
Eighty-seven plants from Moxi<'o and
the West Indies. 39925.
Hartert, Ernst. (See under R. II. Bt^ck.)
Hartley, Frank, Cumberland, Md. : Ma-
terial containing minute fossils (39685);
fossils, corals, and ostracoda (39919).
Harvey, Frank, Albuqueniue, N. Mex.:
Nineteen photographs of Indian Imsket-
rv. 39823.
Harvey, Fred, Kansas City, Mo.: Four-
teen specimens of Washoe baskets.
Purchase. 41185.
114
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903,
Harvey, Prof. R. V., Vancouver, Brit- i
ish Columbia: Seven moths. (39654, I
40093. ) '
I
Hassall, Dr. Albert, Bureau of Animal
Industry, Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C: Eleven specimens ^
( 2 species) of ( hlliphora forttmata Walk,
and CaUiphom diw Esch., from the Phil-
ippine Islands. 40015.
Hasse, Dr. H. K., Soldiers' Home, Cal.:
Sixteen plants from California (39602;
39661; 39853; 39855).
Hathaway, IsAAr, Lexington, Ky. : Cast
of the Bath Furnace meteorite. Pur-
chase'. L. P. X. 40852.
Hatry, ()tto, Pittsburg, l*a. : Forty-five
plants from Pennsylvania. Exchange.
41171.
d'HAiTviLLK, Mrs. F. U., receiveil
through Mrs: Frank Wheaton, Wash-
ington, 1). C. : Personal relics of Gen.
Alexander Macomb, V. S. A'. I>oan.
8501.
Hay, Prof. W. P., Washington, 1). C:
Twospeiumensof A'//7/j;>/i.'ift (ultYn<t from
near Pcx'omokc City, Md. (39829); 5
specimens of Pohfpod'nun jutltjpodioidt'H
ctillectf^l near( Jreat Falls, Md., (40456) ;
wea«<'l from near Chevy Cha*<e, Md.
(4120S).
Haycuaft, C p.. Fellowship, Fla. : Kchi-
noid of the genus MarropiicnKtt's from
the (iulf roiustne^r Fellowship. 39867.
Hayf>', a. (See under Ksopus Millstone
Company. )
Haywan), Joseph M.. St. (George, Ber-
muda: SjHM'imen of soft stone impreg-
nated with sea shells; 2 spe<'imens of
hanl sandstone, and 2 shells. 40757.
Hkaton, C. M., Takonia Park, D. C. :
^Iorseregisti^ran<larelay, 1848. 39777.
Heidemann, ()tto. Department of Agri-
culture: One hundre<l and sixtv-one
si)ecies of North American Hemiptera
[ 398.38 ) ; 2 1 y i>es < )f J*frifjriirs (jallaj- 1 I(m-
demann (40133).
Hkideniiei.mkk, K., Washington, 1). C. :
Sextant made bv W. Desilva, of Liver-
jM)ol, England. Purchase. 41038.
Hkisman, .1. J., Jjtitz, Pa.: Six butter-
m^, 40752.
Heller, A. A., Lancaster, Pa.: Fourhan-
dred and fifty plants from CftlifonuA
(purchaae) (39709); plant (g:ift) (39769);
545 plants fn)m California (purchase)
(40081); 27 plants from Pennsylvania
(exchange) (40201); 53 plants from
California, collected by Messrs. Heller
and Brown (gift) (40575); 109 plant?
from California (gift) (40576); 36 speci-
mens of ferns, cassias, and umbellifene
from Porto Rii-o (gift) (40630); 460
plants from California and Porto Bii'o
(purchase) (40636); 2 plants from Cali-
fornia (gift) (41113).
Helman, W. E., Ix)ndon, England: Thirty
birds' eggs from Iceland and England.
Exchange. 41020.
>Iemp, Miss A., Jefferson, Md. : Hair ball
from the stomach of an ox. 40066.
Henlv, Miss K., Fort Myer Heights, Va,:
Saddle-back caterpillar, Sabitif gtimuUa
Clemens. 40146.
Hexshaw, II. W., Hilo, Hawaii: Worms
and crustaceans ( 39887 ) ; land and fresh-
water shells from the Hawaiian Islands:
(40063); hermit-crab from a large Ih-
Hum (40340); sea serpent, Hydrxu p/«-
tnrm, from Laupahoehoe, near Hilo
(40420); 150 specimens of Surcinta
(40428); lizards (40671); 15 si>et*imens
of VUmm t^nella (H140).
Herbein, Dr. H. J., Pottsville, Pa.: Slalw
showing fossil footprints. Purchase.
40570.
1 1 EKKEKA, Loris A. HE. (Scc uudcr Mon-
tevideo), ITruguay, Museo Nacional. )
IIkkzer, Rev. H., Marietta, Ohio: Mass
of ctalcilied seeds of hackberry, and 2
fos.^il i>lants (39754; 40655).
Hkwett, F., I-ichigh University, Bethle-
hem, Pa. : Three specdmensof tellurium
from Vulcan mine, near lola, Colo.
40378.
HioGiNs, W. (See under Interior De-
pai-tment, V. S. Geological Sur\'ey.)
Hkjlev, William K. (See under Chi-
cago Academy of Sciences.)
Hill, Walter (•., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Nine
Dyak skulls (40410; 40845). Pur-
chase.
HiLLEBRANi), 1 >r. W. F., U. S. Geological
Survey: Specimen of yttrialite. 40128.
LIST OF A00ES8ION8.
115
HiLLMAN, Prof. F. H., Department of
Agricaltare: Several specimens of para-
sitic Hymenoptera. 39817.
HrrcHcocK, Prof.C. H., Hanover, N. H.:
Sixteen specimens of fossils from the
Upper Silarian of littleton, N. H.;
15 specimens from the Onondaga for-
mation at Owl's Head, Lake Mem-
phremagog, Vermont. Exchange.
40810.
Hrrx, P. T., jr., West Norwalk, Conn.:
Saddle-back caterpillar of Empretia
gtimtUea Clements. 39993.
Hodge, F. W., Smithsonian InsUtotion:
Tumble beetle (39632); diminutive
Navaho blanket, made in 1895, and used
as a badge by the National Irrigation
Congress at Albuquerque, New Mexico
(41218).
HoHiESEL, Frank, New York City: Two
pieces of cinder from Mount Pel^,
Martinique. 40767.
Holland, Dr.T. H., Director, Geological
Survey of India, Calcutta, India:
Specimen of meteorite, weighing 293
grams, from Shergotty, India. Ex-
change. 40847.
HoLLioEB, F. A., Findlay, Ohio: Trilo-
biie (Calymeneniagarensis). 40036.
Holm, Thbodor, Brookland, D. C. :
Specimen of Gerardia holmiana. 40068.
Holmes, J. S., Bowmans Bluff, N. C:
Skin of "Moon eye,'* or " Toothed her-
ring,'* Hiodon seUnaps (39732); Speci-
men of OphiogUmmm pumilum from
Texas (40321); specimen of silicifie<l
palm wood from Jasper, Texas (40674).
Holmes, Dr. S. J., University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Mich.: Amphipods from
New Fjigland, including type speci-
mens. 40579.
Holmes, W. H., Chief, Bureau of Eth-
nology: Collection of flaked flints,
and flint nodules from Wyandotte
Cave, Indiana and vicinity (39612);
fragments of pottery and bone imple-
ments collec;tc<l from a mound near
Kimmswitk, Mo. (39827); 16 flints
colleiTted in Missouri (40899); 34
archeologicral specimens and ores col-
lected in Missouri (40900) . (See also
tinder Smithsonion Institution, Bureau
of Ethnology.)
Holt, William P., Geneva, Ohio: Clay-
iron stone from Ashtabula Creek near
Kingsville, Ohio. 39637.
HoLTON, Miss Nina G., Department ol
Agriculture, Washington, D. C: Spec-
imen of Cynipid gall, CaUirhiftis seminar
tor Harris. 41005.
HoLZiNGER, J. M. (See under Minne-
sota, University of.)
HoopEs, H. E., Media, Pa.: Boimd col-
lection of photographs of New Mexico
and Arizona pueblos. 40432.
HoBSFx>RD, J. E., Washington, D. C:
Psycho bicycle. 40967. (See under
H. L. Frank.)
HofiTSMAN, W. J., Busch, Oklahoma:
Received through Interior Depart-
ment, U. S. Geological Survey. Spec-
imen of selenite. 41040.
HoTCHKiss, Charles R., Brownsville,
Tenn. : Specimen of Gordius. 40896.
Hough, Dr. Walter, [J. S. National Mu-
seum: Two photographs of Healy wolf.
30926.
House, Homer D., Oneida, N. Y.: Two
specimens of Hydrostia and PolygoneUa
from central New York. Exchange.
39851.
Houston, Col. A. J., Beaumont, Tex.:
Commission of Gen. Samuel Houston,
1835, Texas State army; commission
as second lieutenant, Seventh Regi-
ment U. S. A.; commission as first
lieutenant. First Regiment U. S. A.
Loan. 8536.
Howard, Dr. L. O. (See under Depart-
ment of Agriculture; Thomas Brown;
Gustav Eisen; Dr. James Fletcher;
W. Hague Harrington; George B.
King; G. van Roon.)
Howell, E. E., Washington, D. C: Five
specimens of minerals. 40954.
Howland, Frank, Little Rock, Ark.:
Received through George F. Kunz.
Silicified wood from 30 miles south of
Little Rock. 40197.
Hrdlicka, Dr. A., U. S. National Mu-
seum: Covered basket of palm leaf
made by the Yaki Indians, Sonora,
Mexico; cigarettes and com husks for
coversj from the same tribe, and saddle
bags made from the ixtle fiber com-
116
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Hrdlicka, Dr. A. — Continued,
inonly need in Mexico (40941); gun-
barrel flute from Pueblo de Taot*, New
Mexico (40970); Springfield 45 flxed
ammunition; powder and projectile
made by the Ya(iui Indians (40975);
untini8he<l l)a8ket made by the Apache
Indians (41043). \
HcBBARi), II. (i. (Sei^ under K. A. ,
Schwarz. )
HrMPiiREY, Charleh, New York City:
Ninety-two butterflies, 12 dragon flies, i
and a fulgorid. 40513. \
Humphreys, J. W., Colon, ('olombia: 1
Bat (Artibeuii). 39893.
Hunter, Clay, Clifton, Ariz. : Four cases
of a trichopterous insect. 40969.
Hunter, William, WashingUm, I). C:
Plant from the District of Columbia.
40479.
HuNTiN<JTON, J. H., Baker City, Greg.:
Rocks from Oregon. 39638.
Hurlo<'k, Miss M. C, Church Hill, M<1.:
Four plants from Maryland. (39791;
39847. )
Hurter, Julius, St. Louis, Mo.: Reptiles
and batrachians. Exchange. 40398.
Hutchinson, C. E., Ix)8 Angeles, Cal.:
Two hundre<l and seven six^cimens of
in8e<'ts. 41041.
Imperial Academy of Sciences. (Sec
under St. Petersburg, Russia.)
Indiana, University ok. Zoological De-
partment, Bloomington, Ind. : RectMved
through I*rof. C. H. Eigenmann. Pani-
site from the Hi<le of a spi»cimen of
OdmitoHtilhe from Arroyo, Trementina,
Paraguay. 40744.
Interior Department, U. S. Patent ()f-
^♦•e: Copies of 84 j>atent*< of antoharps
and alliiMl instniments. 4085().
rutted StntcA (ieolo(jical Stinrij: Four
hundred specimens of Cambrian
bra<'hiopo<.ls (39642); whale verte-
bra — Pleistocene of Fort C -as well,
N. C. ; whale vertebra — l*>>cene of
Castle Hayne, N.C. ; t(M)th of Dt'udeii
»tTratHH from the P^ocene of Ca*<tle
Hayne, and ti»eth of a Shark, Car-
charodon iiuru*ulatu»y from the Eo-
cene of Castle Hayne (39648) ; eco-
Interior Department — C-on tinned,
nomic material exhibited at the
Charleston Exposition (39908); spei*-
iinens of quicksilver ores from Texas,
collected by Dr. D. T. Day (39954);
sample of kaolin from Edgar, Putnaoi
C'Ounty, Fla., collected by T. Way-
land Vaughan (39686); specimen of
selenite from Death Valley, Califor-
nia, and a specimen of tungsten ore
from the Snake range, Nevada, col-
lected by F. B. Weeks (40a58); 103
specimens of minerals from various
localities (40131); left humerus of a
fossil bison, probably representing
the species Bitson crasgicomi*, ob-
tained by Arthur J. Collier at the
Palisades on the Yukon (40242); fop-
sil sponges collected by Hon. Charlei>
D. Walcott at Little Metis, New
Brunswick (40298); specimen of
Arfvedsonite from St. Peter's Dome,
east side of the gulch opposite Eureka
tunnel. El Paso County, Tex., col-
lei^ted by Whitman Cross (404«);
87 thin sections of rocks from San
Luis quadrangle, California, collected
by Mr. Cross (40523); 62 specimens
of rocks from Silver City, Idaho,
quadrangle, collected by W. Lind-
gren (40546); reser\'e and duplic'ate
collections from the Telluride qua«l-
rangle, Colorado (40595); Triassio
fossils collected by Prof. S. Ward
Ix)perin 1890-91 (40450); rocks and
ores from Globe copper district, Ari-
zona (40494); specimen of sandstone
from Iron Mountain, Menominee
district, Michigan (40632); tooth of
Shark, ClcuitxitLsformimis {type), from
Lime Mesa, Needle Mountains, Colo-
rado (40662) ; 2 specimens of gypsum
from Oklahoma, collec^ted bv Bailev
Willis (40()84); ores and rocks from
Silver City and De I^mar, Idaho,
collected i)y W. Lindgren (40719);
rocks from Roseburg, Coos Bay, and
Port Orford quadrangle, Oregon, col-
lected by Dr. J. S. Diller (40735) ; re-
serve and exchange collections of
rocks from Ellensbuiig quadrangle,
Washington, collected by George 0.
Smith (40859); rocks from La PlaU
quadrangle, Colorado, reserve and
LIST OF ACOESSIOirS.
117
Interior Department — Continued.
duplicates (40875); 3 specimens of
minerals (40952); Crater Lake col-
lection of rocks (40963); 140 speci-
mens of Triarthrus becki from Rome,
N. Y., with appendages, studied and
describwi by Hon. C. D. Walcott
(41011); rock-bearing gold (?) from
Harris quarry, near I-iaceyville, Pa.,
c>i>llected by W. Higgins (41139); fos-
sil wood and Hot Springs material
from the Yellowstone National Park
(41154); Lower Cambrian brachio-
pods of the genera OholuSy Obolella,
LinffuflGj LinffvUepis, Acrothekj and
Orlhis (41173); collection of rocks
from Ascutney Mountain, Vermont
(41181); Ori8"kany fossils from Key-
ser, W. Va., and vicinity, collected
principally by Ira Sayles. (See un-
der J. W. Horstman. )
International Acheson Graphite Co.
(See under W. O. Snelling. )
Irwin, Hardin, Havre, Mont. Received
through Dr. A. K. Fisher: Salaman-
der (AmbysUtma tigrinum)^ from Mon-
tana. 40006.
Jackson, J. W., Manc^hester, England:
Fresh - water shells from England.
(39820; 39926.)
Jackson, Sheldon, Sitka, Alaska. Re-
ceive<i through Department of Agri-
culture: Four plants from Unalaska
River. Alaska. 39716.
Jackson, Sidney William, Sydney, Aus-
tralia: Three hundred anji twenty-nine
shells (83 species) of Australian land
shells (40806); 202 specimens (51 spe-
cies) of fresh-water shells from Aus-
tralia (41096). Purchase.
Jackson, Miss Victoria, Bowling Green,
Ky. : Fifteen species of land and fresh-
water shells. 40471.
Jayne, Mrs. J. L., Washington, D. C:
Samoan outrigger canoe. Deposit. 8422.
Jenkins, Dr. O. P., Leland Stanford Jun-
ior University, Stanford University,
California: Received through U. S. Fish
Commission. Type specimens of new
species of fishes collected at Honolulu,
Hawaii, in 1889. 40470.
Jenks, a. £. (See under Smithsonian
Institution, Bureau of Ethnology.)
Jennings, J. H., Washington, D. C:
Specimen of Tung-K wan-San, a med-
ical powder. 40275.
John, Andrew, Washington, D. C: Set
of 8 pieces of Seneca Indian gambling
dice. Purchase. 40840.
Johnson, Prof. C. W., Wagner Free In-
stitute, Philadelphia, Pa. : Seven speci-
mensof Diptera, including four cotypes.
39748.
Johnson, C. W., Boston Society of Nat-
ural History, Boston, Mass. : Nine speci-
mens of Diptera. 40618.
Johnson, J. T., Galesburg, 111.: Plant
39699.
Johnston, Elizabeth Bryant, Washing-
ton, D. C. : Two photographs of Indian
groups (40739) ; plaster bust of George
Washington made from the life mold
by Jean Antoine Houdon at Mount
Vernon in 1785 (41137).
Johnston, Miss Louise, Wooster, Ohio:
Costume of the Yow people of China.
Purchase. 39910.
Jones, G. M., Richmond, Va. : Brass
medal commemorating the departure of
the American Army from Valley Forge.
Purchase. 39611.
Jones, M. E. (See under Department of
Agriculture. )
Jones, Wyatt W., Bozeman, Mont.: One
hundred and fifty plants from Mon-
tana. Purchase. 39857.
Jordan, Dr. D. S. (See under U. S. Fish
Commission; also under Leland Stan-
ford Junior University. )
JuDAY, Chancey. (See under U. S. Fish
Commission. )
Kearney, T. H. and W. R. Maxon,
Washington, I). C. : Thirty specimens
of plants collected on Pluramers Island,
near Cabin John, Md. 40460.
Kellerman, Dr. W. A., Ohio State Uni-
versity, Columbus, Ohio: Specimens of
Nymphfea advena from Cadiz Junction,
Harrison County, Ohio; Buckeye I^ke,
Ohio; and Martinton, W. Va. (39618;
39700; 39804); 2 specimens of Nymph«a
118
REPORT OF KATIOKAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Kellerman, Dr. W. A. — Continued.
variegaUi from Ohio (.'^9805); 7 plante
from Ohio and West Virginia (40369).
Kelly, Rov W., Oregon City, Oreg.:
Skull of a Flathead Indian, l^irchase.
40720.
Kendall, Dr. AV. C. (See under U. S.
Fish Commission. )
Kenly, Mrs. E. M., Wewt End, W. Va.:
Fossil shells, leaves, and ferns. 40680.
Kennedy, Dr. Ja.mes S., U. S. V., Sa-
lee<io, Samar, P. I. : Sj)ecimen of Red-
uviid, an insect representing the species
Dungada rubra Amyot and Serville.
39922.
Kennedy, Pmf. P. B. (See under C'ali-
fornia Ac-ademy of Sciences. )
Kennedy, Mrs. T. L., 0[)elika, Ala.:
Specimens of a scale insc^ct infesting
water oaks. 41210.
Kenoyer, L. a., IndejKindence, Kans. :
Five plants from Kansas. 39863.
Kekrison, Davenport, Jacksonville, Fla. :
Si)ider {PhifUppus nudux Hentz).
39803.
Kkw, ExciLAND, Royal Botanic (tar-
DEXs: Al)out one thousand plants from
the Philipj)ine Islands and (Uiiana;
21 <luplicate plates from "Refugium
Botanicum" (40305); 2 living plants
from Kew Gardens (40502). P^x-
change.
Killky, W. H., Cleveland, Ohio: Medal
conferred bv the State of New Jersev
on its citizen soldiers who participated
in the Spanish- American war; 21 jas-
per aii<l ()l)sidiaii arrow j)oints. 40377.
Kixcaid, Prof. Trevor, rniversity of
Washington, Seattle, Wash.: Sixty-
live Hi)eciinenH of moths. 40271. (See
niwlcr llarri man Alaskan Exjxnlition. )
Kino, Cyrcs A., Winona l^ke, Ind.:
Specimens oi Xij}iipha(i (tilretin from
I^ke Winona. 3%91.
KiNiJ, Capt. Edward L., V. S. A., War
Department, Washington, D. (\: Iron
bit from the Philipjnne Islands. 41110.
Kino, (iKoR<iE B., I^wrence, Mass.: Ke-
ceive<l through Dr. L. 0. Howard.
Nine specimens of Phylloi)ods repre-
senting the species Branch ipns vernal ii^
Verrill (?). 40730.
King, Horatio C, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Bronze bust of the late Hon. Horatio
King, by Dunbar, a Washington scalp-
tor. 40716.
KiNQSLEY, Warren S., Edwardsbun;,
Mich. : Specimen of Viola, 411(16.
Kipper, F. G., Newport News, Va.: Cop-
per ore from Wall Mine, Halifax
County, Va. 40717.
K IRELAND, E. O., Baltimore, Md.:
Swords and flag captured during the
Civil War, 1861-1865 (40950); Colt'sre-
volver, Walsh revolver, double-action
revolver, pepper-box pistol, pair of
flint-lock pistols, Hall's breech-loading
itarbine, and a Hall breech-loading
rifle ( 40951 ) . Purchase.
KiRKPATRiCK, Harrv C, Meadville, Pa.:
Specimens of Nymphtea advena. 39617.
KiRsc'H, Louis. (See under Williams-
burgh Scientific Society. )
KisHiNOUYK, Dr. K., Imperial Fisheries'
Bureau, Tokyo, Japan: Three photo-
graphs of Japanese precious coral.
40230. Exchange.
K.IELLMAN, Prof. F. R., ITpeala, Sweden:
Nine plants from Europe representing
species of cultivated Ribes, 39913.
K. K. Natitriiistorisches Hofmdsecx.
(See under Vienna, Austria.)
Klac.eh, E. a., Crafton, Pa. : Collection of
I^pidopterafrom Venezuela (purchaw)
(39806); specimen of wood affected
with Scolytus muticue (gift) (40642);
48 8[>ecimen8 of Cicindelas from Vene-
zuela (gift) (41175).
Knii'owitsch, Dr. N. (See under St.
Petershurg, Imperial Academy of Sci-
ences. )
Koch, Miss Em.ma A., Erie, Pa. : Received
through J. H. Kocn. Album of dried
flowers und 165 mounted photographs.
40922. Three albums of paintings on
rice paper, by Chinese artists. JxMin.
8428.
Kocii, J. 1 1. , Erie, Pa. : East Indian copper
eoins and a l)etelnut (40749; 40820).
Kcx'H, O., Sheboygan, Wis.: Fishhook
and 3 fragments of pottery. ExchaoRe.
39972.
LIST OF ACCESSIONS.
119
Krbager, Frank O., Pallman, Wash.:
Four hundred and ten plants from
northern Washington. Purchase.
40514.
KuNz, George F. (See under Frank
How land; also under Henry S. Man-
ning.)
KuNZE, Dr. R.E., Phoenix, Ariz.: Thirteen
plants from Arizona and a specimen of
the fruit of Opuntia greggii; photograph ;
3 plants from Arizona; 34 specimens
of Lepidoptera, 70 specimens of Orthop-
tera and 2 specimens of Busern micro-
phyUa, (40067; 40109; 40181; 40206;
40214; 40309; 40310.)
KwiAT, A., Chic^ago, 111.: Twenty-seven
specimens of Lepidoptera. 40556.
Lacey, Howard, Kerrville, Tex.: Three
skins and skulls of Odocoileiut from
Kerrville. 40846.
Lachenand, Georges, Limoges, France:
Sixteen specimens of Bryophyta from
France (39812) ; 30 specimens of mosses
and Hepatica from Europe (40371).
Exchange.
Laree, F. H., Brookline, Mass.: Speci-
men of Corocordtilia libera Sel vs. 40258.
m
Lamb, Dr. D. S., Army Medical Museum,
Washington, D. C: Anatomical and
anthropological specimens (40921 ;
41066; 41133; 41159; 41215).
Land, John, Wagersville, Ky.: Chrysalis
of a butterfly (Papilio asterias Fabr.).
39902.
Landsberg, Fred., Victoria, British Co-
lumbia: Antique Chilcat blanket.
Purchase. L. P. X. 40526.
Laney, F. B. (See under North Caro-
lina Talc and Mining Company.)
Langille, H. D. (See under Depart-
ment of Agriculture. )
Lang LEY, Dr. S. P. (See under Smith-
sonian Institution; and also under
Stevens Institute of Technology. )
Latchford, Hon. F. R., Ottawa, Canada:
Unionidse from Canada. 39821.
Layne, J. £., Marco, Fla.: Plant, and a
piece of pottery from near Marco
Island, Florida (39912; 41132).
Lbary, J. L., superintendent, U. S. Fish
Commission, San Marcos, Tex.: Bo-
tanical specimens consisting of root and
seeds of Nymphwa (sp. nov. ). 39707.
Lee, D. C, Harbor Springs, Mich.:
Eleven quill baskets, floor mat, and an
Indian pipe. Purchase. 39776.
Lee, W. McD., Irvington, Va.: Fossil
crab from the Rappahannock River,
near Chesapeake Bay. Purchase.
40341.
Lee, W. T., Trinidad, Colo.: Seventy-
five specimens of Mesozoic inverte-
brate fossils from Colorado, Wyoming,
and Mexico; I^wer Silurian brachiopod
small slab from Palmer Lake. 40669.
Leprov, H. Maxwell, Bridgetown, Bar-
bados, West Indies: Bats, lizanls, fish,
mollusks, and other invertebrates from
Barbados and other islands of the
J^esser Antilles. 40276.
Lehman, J. B., Edwards, Miss.: Snake
(Haldea gtrialula) from Mississippi.
41002.
Leighlev, E. 0., Baltimore, Md. : Six-
teen fossils from Cleveland, Ohio.
39701.
Leland Stanford Junior University,
Stanford University, Cal.: Crustaceans
from Japan collet^ted by Messrs. Jor-
dan and Snyder (39698); received
through Dr. David S. Jordan, presi-
dent, Japanese fishes collected by the
steamer Albcitross (40524); 16 speci-
mens (7 species) of Isopods (40908).
Le Souef, D., Parkville, Victoria, Aus-
tralia: Birds' eggs from Australia.
Purchase. 41ia3.
Lewis, C. M., Reading, Pa.: Morse tele-
graph keys made by Clark, and by
Neff. 40609.
Lindgren, W. (See under Interior De-
partment, U. S. Geological Survey. )
Lindsay, Mrs. William. (See under
National Society of the Daughters of
the American Revolution. )
Linn, Miss L. I., Highland, Md. : Luna
moth. 41073.
Linton, Prof. Edwin, Washington, Pa.:
Parasitic worms. 39730.
120
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
London, England, British Museum.
Receive<l through Dr. A. Smith Wood-
ward. Four (»Hts of jaws and teeth of
Masto<lons (39844); received through
Oldtield Thomas; Alcoholic specimens
of Bats (}fyi<tticin<i) from New Zealand,
and DicHdurushom Guatemala (40445).
Exchange and Gift.
I»N(i, M. C, Kansas City, Mo.: The
I^ansing Skull. I.K)an. 7915.
Loom IS, Rev. H., Yokohama, Japan:
Sixty 8j)ecimens (48 species) of mol-
lusks and 2 Immacles from Japan and
the J^>ochoo Islands (40623); speci-
mens of Coleoj)tera from Japan (40626).
Ix)fEK, Prof. S. Ward. (See under In-
terior Department, I^ S. Geological
Survey. )
I^ouBAT, Duke of. (See under New
York Botanical < Jarden. )
lioroiiHORorcJii, Mrs. J. II., Tenally-
town, D. C. : Death tag used during the
Civil War. 4(m2.
Lucas, F. A., U. S. National Museum:
Mole {Si'alops (u/uatifu^) j from Vir-
ginia. 39966.
LrcAs, J. J., Society Hill, S. C.: Plant.
39962.
LiU)iN(iT()N, Quartermaster-(ieneral M. I.
(See under War Department. )
LiTNKLL, Dr. J., lA»eds,N. Dak. : Ten plants
from North Dakota. J^xchange. 39858.
LrsBv, (Jeorijk B., Olivet, Md.: Beetle
( Dffitaxirs tilifus) . 40753.
LvcKrr, Kdwakd, Atlanta, (ia. : Seven
siiuill porcelain vases and a heart-
shaped porcelain dish (40(X)8): white
ponvlain vase (40085); 2 small **Mur-
rhinc" va.ses, carved out of natural
rock by Persian or Chinese workers,
and afterwards glaze<l and lired in a
kiln by the donor. (40527.)
LvNi), W. L. R. (See under Dei)artment
of Agriculture. )
Lyon, M. W., Jr., T. S. National Museum:
Specimens of A7/ //!/>/<.''« r<tnt(/at(t, Nj/m-
ph:va adrena and Caslalia from New
Jcrst^y (39723, 39740) ; plants from New
Jersey (39780, 39811).
MacDade, Clarke, Newport News, Va. :
I^arva of Iakjou opercular^, 40090.
McBride, W. S., Marshalltown, Iowa:
Three specimens of Plaiyocrinm. Ex-
change. 40929.
McCallum, D. M., Floreeville, Tex..
Specimen of wild Plum, Pnmus glan-
dulom Terr, and Gray. 40639.
McCoMB, G, T., Lockport, N. Y.: Speci-
meiiB of Rochester shale fossils (ex-
change) (40850) ; specimens of Niagara
fossils from Niagara County, N. Y.
(exchange) (40901); Clinton and Niag-
ara fossils from Lockport (exchange)
(40943); 13 specimens of Atrypa nodw-
triata from the Clinton lenses near
Loc^kport (gift) (41126).
McCoRMicK, John, Washington, D. C:
American sporting rifle. Purchase.
40152.
McCune, Mrs. Alice, Mosier, Oreg.: Pu-
pa of beetle {Prionus ndifortncws).
39813.
McDonnell, James, Fredericksburg, Va.
Received through Mr. Henry Dannehl:
Specimen of Siren hicertina, 40404.
McGee, W J (See under Carroll, J.
M. : also under Smithsonian Institu-
tion, Bureau of Ethnology. )
McGiRR, Hon. T. L., municipal court,
Manila, P. I.: Shells from the Philip-
pine Islands (40040); amulet or "An-
ting-Anting,*' Chinese playing-cards;
copi>er coins, and a book ( * * Amiterias" )
(40624).
McifREGOR, R. C, Museun> of Natural
History, Manila, P. I.: Reptiles from
Hawaiian and Philippine Islands (pur-
chase) (40911); petrel (deposit)
(40019).
McKiNNEv, R. E. B., AVashington, D. C:
Thrive violets. 41152.
McLaigiilin, a. C, Houston, Tex.:
Samples of oil from Texas. Excliange.
40032.
McNeil, Mary S., St. Joseph, Mo., re-
ceived through W. H. McNeil: Five
unmounted photographs of Indian
baskets. 40461.
McNeil, W. H. (See under Mary S.
McNeil. )
Mackenzie, Kenneth K. (No address
given). Mo.: Umbelliferae from Mis-
souri. 39660.
LIST OF ACCE88IOKS.
121
Macoun, John, Geological Survey of
Canada, Ottawa, Canada: One hundred
plants from Canada. Exchange.
40888.
Haiden, J. H. (See under Sydney, New
South Wales, Australia.)
Malambbr, Jambs M., Washington, D. C. :
Rose-breasted grosbeak, Xarnektdia
ludanriana. 39982.
Mannino, Henry S., New York City,
received through George F. Kunz:
Gold-headed cane which belonged to
the late Hon. Horace Greeley. 40596.
Manning, Mrs. M. H. (See under De-
partment of Agriculture.)
Marsh, E. A. (See under American
Waltham Watch Company.).
Marsh, Dr. W. H., U. S. M. H. S., Solo-
mons, Md. : Badge of the U. S. Military
Surgeons Meeting in Washington, 1). C,
in 1902 (39762); sutler's check for 5
cents. Fifth liegiment U. S. Cavalr>',
1861-1865 (39942).
Marshall, Charles, Bay St. Louis, Miss.,
receiveil through Andrew Allis(^n:
Four specimens of Otstalia from I^ke
Shore, Miss. :i9594.
Marshall, George, U. S. National Mu-
seum : Red squirrel, Sciunut hudsonicuitf
from Laurel, Md. (40347); 2 specimens
of Microtus from Laurel (40568); Field
mouse, Microtus pentutylvanicus (41077).
Marvin, Dr. Marion F., contra<;t surgeon,
U. S. A., Talisay, Province of Batangas,
P. 1. Centipede. 40613.
Mason, Marci's & Co., W^orcester, Mass.:
Two specimens of cocoa bean infested
by a Phycitid moth, Epheslia htchnu'Wi.
39900.
Mason, Prof. O. T., U. S. National Mu-
seum: Bailge of the reception commit-
tee of the Thirty-sixth Annual Encamp-
ment, Grand Army of the Republic,
October 6, 1902 (40459); 2 Tuscarora
snow snake sticks (40710); bitterwood
cup from Jamaica (40754) ; British half
farthing, 1901 (40818); 4 photographs
of megalithic monuments of Brittany
(40889); **hen and nest" puzzle
(41191); photograph of ' ' Kit Carson ' '
(41192).
Mather, Fred, estate of, received through
Mrs. W. H. Coughlin: Four diplomas
awardeil to Mr. Mather; gold gilt
medal, Berlin, 1880; silver medal,
Paris, 1879, and a copper medal, Ber-
lin, 1880. (Bequest.) 40584.
Mathews, H. H., Boston, Mass.: Sample
of red roofing slate from quarries in
Hampton County, N. Y. 406a5.
Matthews, E. O. (See under Smithson-
ian Institution, Bureau of Ethnology. )
Matthews, W. A., Caney, Tex.: Plant
from Texas. 41164.
Maudsley, Alfred, London, England:
Plate illustrating the ruined cities of
Mexico. 40153.
Maxon, W. R., U. S. National Museum:
Specimens of Nympha'a hybrkla and
Nyinphmi iKiriegata from Thousand
Island Park, New York (39607, 39621 );
309 specimens of ferns collected in cen-
tral and northern New York (39757);
20 phanerogams from Virginia (40452) ;
2 specimens of Cypriped'mm hirmtum
and Canlophylluin ihaUctroides from
Fairfax County, Virginia (40457) ; 60
s})ecimens of phanerogams collected on
Plummers Island, Maryland (40463);
6 birds* eggs, termites, about 2,500
plants, and other natural history speci-
mens from Jamaica (41010; 41053;
41104).
Maxon, W. R., and T. H. Kearney:
Thirty plants collecte<i on Plummers
Island. 40460.
Maxon, W. R.,and 0. L. Pollard, U. S.
National Museum: Specimen of Cyprl-
pedium hirmtum. 40796.
Maxwell, C. W., Lynchburg, Va.: Mis-
sissippi cattish, IcUilurui^panctatus; alsf)
specimens of "Blazing Star," Chamieli-
rium luteum (L. ) A. (iray. 409(J2.
May, Capt. Frederick, Washington, I).(\ :
Spanish naval officer's chapeau and a
double barreled Lafoucheux pistol.
40872.
May, H. B., Washington, I). C: Officer's
uniform of the Unite<i States Navy,
worn in 1800. I^l^chase. 39934.
Mead, Miss M. H., Washington, D. C.
Rei'cived through liev. A. G. Wilson:
Ladies bicycle. 40667.
122
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Mbabnh, Dr. E. A., U. S. A., Fort Snell-
ing, Minn., and Fort Yellowstone,
Wyo. : Six specimens of Nyinphiva
polysqpaUiy mammals, birds, reptiles,
plants, and shells from Yellowstone
National Park, Wyoming (397:«;
40331); &S s|)ecimens, including skins
and skulls of mammals and wapiti
antlers from Wyoming (40433); rabbit
(Lepus); 77 birds* skins; natural his-
tory specimens of different kinds, prin-
cipally from Fort Snelling; poisoned
bullets, geological material (40567;
40894; 40968; 40976; 41099; 41145),
marine shells, and crustaceans from
Washington (41189); mammals and
birds from Oregon (41214); nest an<l
4 eggs of Junco irregonus (41224).
Medford, H. C\, Tupelo, Miss.: FohsII
plant from Binningham, Ala. 39672.
Meek, Prof. S. E. (See under Fiel<l Co-
lumbian Museum.)
Meeker, J. C. A., Bridgei)ort, Conn.:
Specimens of Ni/mphwa rariegata from
Pembroke I-Ake, near Bridgeport.
39688.
ME.MMiNGfcR, E. R., Flat Rock, N. C. :
Three plants. 41031.
Mekkiam, Dr. C. Hart, Department of
Agriculture: Two Panamint Shoshone
baskets. Purchas^^ 41186. (See also
under Department of Agriculture.)
Merria.m, Mins Dorothy. (See under
Deimrtment of Agriculture. )
Merrick, II. D., New Brighton, Pa.:
Fifty moths (40094); 40 specimens of
Lepidoptera and 2 8j)ecimensof Neurop-
tera (40169); 2o specimens of I/*»pidop-
tera (40485).
Merrill, Mr. K. D. (St^e under Bureau
of Agriculture, Manila, P. I.)
Merrill, Dr. (J. P., V. S. National Mu-
seum: Two i>ieces of j)egmatite from
Aubuni, Me. (39S61); slabs of silicitied
wcKxi from the vicinity of the National
Zoological Park (40891); s|>ecimen of
granite from Rowan County, N. C.
(41058); fresh and weathered gnuiite
from Mount Airy, N. C. (41078); cnide
and ground talc from Cherokee County,
N. C. (41100); geological specimens
from Macon an<l C'lay <'otmti(»s, N. (\
(41124).
Mertbns, H. (See under Department of
Agriculture. )
Metc^alf, Prof. M. M., Wonaan*8 College,
Baltimore, Md.: Two hundred speci-
mens of Lepidoptera from India. 40528.
Meunier, Stanislas, Museum of Natural
History, Paris, France: Meteorite from
Tadjera, Algiers. Exchange. 39799.
Meybnberu, E., Pecoe City, Tex.: Re-
ceived through Smithsonian Institu-
tion, National Zoological Park. Whip-
tailed scorpion, and a specimen of
Joins (39767); homed toad, and lana
ofan insect (39659).
Meyer, Dr. A. B. (See under Dresden,
Germany, Royal Zoological and Anthro-
pological-Ethnographical Museum. )
Miller, Prof. A. M., Kentucky State Col-
lege, Lexington, Ky. : Four fossil plants
from Kentucky. 39975.
Miller, Mrs. E. P., care Gerrit S. Mil-
ler, jr., U. S. National Museum: Two
specimens of Shrew-moles, JBtoriVia, and
2 White-footed mice, Peromysnt*^ from
Peterboro, N. Y. (39595); specimens of
CaMalia (uberasa from Little Hunting
Creek, Fairfax County, Va. (39721).
Miller, Gerrit S., jr., I'. S. National
Museum: Twenty^four plants from
Geneva, N. Y. (39622; 39674); 3 speci-
mens of AUium, plants, specimen of
(iaUnmga, 10 specimens of oaks, rep-
tiles, mammals, binls, and plants, spec-
imen of Chamidiriumj 3 specimemi of
Oxalix and Thalictrum from Virginia
(39692; 39802; 39822; 39987; 41015;
41070; 40431); 2 specimens of Lycoiio-
(Hum collected in Ontario by C. V. ()g-
den (40466).
Miller, John, Engineer Corps, U. S. A.,
Washington, D. C. : Ashes from the
volcano of Mayon, All)ay I'rovince,
P. 1. 40547.
Miller, Mary F., Washington, D. C-
Two plants from New York. 40108,
Miller, (). ()., Cambridge, Mass.: Two
hundred and fifty-fflx plants collected
in Venezuela. Purchase. 39726.
Miller, Miss Virginia. (See under Na-
tional Society of the Colonial Damee of
America. )
LIST OP ACOESSIOXS.
128
Milwaukee Public Mubbttm, Milwaukee,
Wi{<.: Four enakes and a turtle. 30588.
MiMMACK, Mira KATHERiNEyWashin^n,
D. C: Unifonn of Capt. Charles ^.
Colliiui, consisting of a dress coat,
(»cke<l hat and plume, pair of epaulets,
swoiil and belt, aiguillette. Loan. 7861.
Minnesota, University of, Minneapolis,
Minn.: Seventy-two specimens of
mouses from Minnesota, collected by
J. M. Holzinger (exchange) (39615);
57 s}>e(*imens of mosses from Minne-
sota, received through the Department
of Agriculture (40031). (See also un-
der Department of Agriculture.)
MiHHouRi Botanical Harden, St. Louis,
Mo.: Spet'imen of Echeveria (gift)
(40425); plant (exchange) (40480).
Mitchell, Hon. J. D., Victoria, Tex.:
Crustaceans (39639); receive<l through
Dt^partraent of Agriculture, plant from
Texas (39714); crustaceans {Orchegtia
sp., and Apu$ irquali* Packard), toad
(Bufo compactilM) from Sanx) Creek,
Texas (40073); invertebrates from
Texas, including Aptis feqnnli* Pa<.'kard,
CV/>rw(?), and an alcyonarian coral;
also treetoads, probably IlyUi i*emi-
fcutnatus (40154); al)out 20 specimens
(4 spe(!ie8) of land and freshwater
shells from Mexici) (40622). (See
under Department of Agriculture. )
Mitchell, R. H., Memphis, Tenn. :
Specimen of Skipjack or "Blue Her-
ring," Pomobobus rhrynochloris Rafi-
nesque. 41207.
Mitchell, Dr. S. AVeir, Grand Cascape-
dia, Quebec, Canada: Specimen of Sal-
ini»n, Sitlmo mUiT, 39634.
Moenkhauh, W. J. (See under U. S. Fiph
C-ommission. )
MoNTAciuE, II. C, Washington, I). C. :
K€»ntucky B. L. carbine; Harpers Ferry
musket, 1847, and I^efaucheaux {KK'ket
revolver. Purchase. 39610.
MoNTAVON,W. F.,Siniloan,T.Aguna, P. I.:
Two specimens of Siraralwi.*i<l l>eetle,
Xylotryipes dichotnmus Linnaeus. 40190.
MoNTELLO Granite Company, Montello,
Wis.: Received through L. T. Cn)ss,
superintendent. Cube of granite from
quarries at Montello. 40104.
Montevideo, Uruguay, Museo Nacional:
Received through Louis A. de Herrera.
Thirty-five paleolithic implements from
Uruguay. Exchange. 40654.
MooNEV, J AMES. (Seeun<lerSmithsonian
Institution, Bureau of (Ethnology. )
•
Moore, Clarence B., Philadelphia, Pa.:
Five plaster casts of rare forms of stone
implements (39753) ; crania from an
Indian mound in Florida (41068).
Moore, E. N., New Orleans, I^.: Sala-
mander (Ambyttoma opacum) from the
Mississippi River. 41012.
Moore, I. N., State Normal Strhool,
Slippery Rock, Pa.: Spe<!imen of Cla-
donia from Pennsylvania. 40991.
Moore, Rev. T. V., Catholic University,
Washington, I). C. : Forty-eight speci-
mens of Myxamycftes from near T^ke
George, New York. :W59.
Moorehead, J. M., Greensboro, N. C. :
Historical orations and photographs of
monuments at Guilforrl battle ground.
40569.
Moorehead, Warren K., Pineville, Mo. :
Two specimens of stalactite containing
bones and flint flakes. 40966.
Moreira, Carlos. (See under Rio Ja-
neiro, Brazil, Museu Nacional. )
Morgan, Dr. A. P., Preston, Ohio:
Twenty-four spwimens of Myxomycete*
fnmi Ohio. 39957.
MoRREV, John B., Washington, D. C:
Stone implements used by cliff-<lwel-
lers, San Juan River, Northern New
Mexico. Exchange. 41121.
Morrill, R. W., Massachusetts Agricul-
tural College, Amherst, Mass.: Speci-
men of parasitic Hymenoptera. 40574.
Morris, E. L., Department of Agriculture*:
I^rge mass of Middle Devonic lime-
stone with corals, brachioiMxls and
ostracods, cf)llecte<l at Port Austin,
Michigan (gift) (39860); 3 plants from
Michigan, collected by C. K. Dodge
(exchange) (40797). (See also under
l>epartment of Agriculture. )
Morrison, Donald P., Washington, D. C. :
Native Filipino costume, Morn) cannon,
and a Filipino spear. l>oan. 7936.
124
REPORT OF NATIONAL MU8KUM, 1903,
M0R8B, Fj, C, Lc»rain, Ohio. Twenty- j
five npecimeiis of Comiferous fomils
from Johnnon Island, Sandiiflky Bay,
Ohio. i:xchange. 41198.
MoRHE, HeirH of S. F. B. : Received
through Edwanl Lind Morei*. Collec-
tions of personal relics of the late S. F.
B. Morse (41019) ; costume worn by
the late S. F. B. Morse when visiting
the (Hiujrts of KuroiK?, rew»ived through
Mrs. Franz Rummol. (4108:5.) Gift
of the heirs, James E. F. Morse, W.
(i. Morse, R. F. B. Morse, K. L. Morse,
S. M. Perry, and C. M. Rummel.
MoRTOx, Dr. Henry, riH.'eived thmugh
Henry Sanniel Morton, executor, and
Quincy L. Morton. The original Rams-
den <lividing engine and slide-rest.
40282.
MosKLEY, K. L., Sandusky, Ohio: Speci-
men of Leaf-nost* bat from (vuimanLs,
P. 1. (gift) (40446); 4a5 plants from
Ohio (exchange) {407,S2).
MosH,\ViLUAM, Ashton-under-Lyne, Eng-
land : Marine and lan<l shells. 396H9.
Mowbray, Ix>riH, St. (itM.)rgt% Bermuda:
Si)ecimen of Moray {Cfunnionmur.'nui
rittata). (Jift 40105. (See binder New
York A<iuarium. )
MoYER, S. J., Fort ( I rant. Ariz.: Pujm of
Sphinx moth. :W8;M.
Mtlfori), Mias K. A., Hem|)stead, N. Y.:
Five specimenH of violets from New
York. 40:^57.
MvNROK, Miss Hklkn, Smithsonian Insti-
tution: M<Mlel of nnimmy-cas*»an<l tomb
furniture. I)(*iM>sit. 8007.
MiRRAY. S. H., Washingt-on,!). (\:Worm
( (iordulH sp. ) .'59783.
MiHEo Xac'ional. (Stv under Monte-
video, Truguay. )
MisEo Nacional. (SetMinder San .lose'',
Costii \{\cx\. Central America.)
MrsEo N.\cioNAL. (See under Kio Ja-
neiro, Brazil.)
MrsEi'M OF CoMi*AR-\TivE Z(M)ixKJY, Cam-
bridge, Mass.: Received through Dr.
W. McM. Woodworth. Cralw from
the Maldive Islands, collecte<l by Alex-
an<ler Agassiz (exchange) (40087); re-
ceived through Dr. Walter Faxon, 21
sptH'imens (13 species) of fresh-water
Craljs (gift) (41196). 1
MrsKUM OF Natoial History. (See
under Paris, France. )
Myattway, Emma, Falls City, Nebr.:
Chrysalis of PapUio turrnts Linmeus.
39992.
Nast, Thomas, Guayaquil, Ecuador : Col-
lection of batterilies and moths. 40244.
Natal Botanic (tarden. (See under
Durban, Natal, Africa.)
National Collateral Loan and Jew-
elry Company, Washingtrm, D. C:
Pistol and revolver. Pun^hase.
39687.
National Marble Company, Murphy,
N. C : Received through A. S. Emer-
son. Two specimens of blue marble
from quarries near Murphy. 40358.
National Society of the Cou>m.\l
Dames of America: Received through
Miss Virginia Miller, chairman of the
relic committee. Amsterdam daggiT
(1467), and a land grant signeil by
Thomas (5reen (8228); silver gravy
lK)at, 2 ])ewter platters, and a framed
photograph (8381). Loan.
National Society of the Daughters
OF THE American Revolution: Ke-
ceived through Mrs. William Lindsay.
Postal itird signed L. L. R. Pitkin, and
a piece of Dove Mill paper (7836); re-
ceived through Mrs. Lindsay and Mrg.
A. L. Bulkley, Brooklyn, N. Y.: (Iravy
<lish and cover, Ja(>8nese punch bowl
and two wine glasses (8004); relic of
prison ship Jer^ey^ two letters and four
photographs of daughters of soldien:
of the Revolutionary Army, metal
tray, two photographs of Ebenezer
IIul)l)ani's house, and a piece of pine
from Floating Bridge (8091; 8166);
fragment of wood from the Old North
Church (8137); frame containing cx>py
of "South Carolina Gazette and Coun-
try Journal " of Tuesday, November 15,
1768; frame containing twelve pieces of
(Continental paper money useil during
the Revolutionary war; **Col. William
Washington's Battle Flag** in frame
(illustration); frame containing auto-
graph of Mrs. F. M. Pickens, a iiews-
pajK^r clipping, and a button from a
military overcoat worn by Greneral An-
drt»w Hckens at the battle of Cowpens;
LIST OF ACCESSIONS.
125
National Society of the Daughters of
THE American Revolittion — Cont*d.
framefl engraving of Moultrie will;
framed portrait of Mrs. Iredell; **Copy
of Treaty of 1795 between the United
States and Spain; '' bullet used during
the Revolutionary war; goblet made
from a piece of an oak tree at Mount
Vernon, plante<l by (ieneral Washing-
ton; Htripofwood taken from a stool
made from a piece of timber from the
M(U(fioirer; chip from a bench on which
wounde<l soUiiers were laid during the
liattle of Brandywine; bit of wood
from the British man-of-war Somerset^
which was lost off Cape Cod in 1783;
four pieces of wood from Independence
Hall, and a glass jar containing water
from Jasper Springs (8238). Loan.
Navy Department, Washington, D. C:
Received thnmgh Rear-Admiral R. B.
Bnulfonl. Sample of volcanic dust
which fell aboard the American steam-
ship Nftmlnm (39643); modelsof8U. S.
vessels, with cases and tables for same
(39676); two Locust gun-carriages cap-
tured by the U. S. Army, at Santiago,
Cuba, in 1898 (40039) ; received through
Bureau of Onlnance, Rear-Admiral
Charles O'Neil, chief, revolving gun
(small arms) (40555); received through
Bureau of lv|uipment, A. C. Wren, act-
ing chief, specimen of dust which fell
on the decks of the steamship Hogarth
while in the vidnity of Cape Verde
Islands (40762); receive<l through Bu-
reau of Kquipment, Rear-Admiral R. B.
Bradfonl, chief, 2 specimens of volcanic
<last, which fell upon the deck of the
steamship Amazonense on March 22,
1903, 190 miles to windward of St. Vin-
cent Island, and upon the deck of the
schooner Marion Ijmise on March 21^,
alM>ut 80 mik»8 to windward of the same
i.sland (40910). Deposit.
Navy-Yard, Washington, I). (■.: Re-
ceived through Capt. E. C. Pendleton,
superintendent of naval gun factory.
Three photographs of revolving g»ms
of early type. 40102.
Nei^)N, Charles A., E<idyville, Ky.:
Collection of Indian relics from rot^k
Nelson, Charles A. — Continaed.
quarry near Eddyville. Purchase.
40283.
Nelson, C. Z., Galesburg, 111.: Four
plants from Illinois, including Nemo-
phUa menziesix Hook, and Am, Calen-
dula officianalis L., Eupatorium agerato-
ides and Ambrogia trifolia L. 40538.
Nelson, E. W., Department of Agricul-
ture: Twenty-six plants from North
America (39710); 86 plants, c»ollected
in Mexico (40756). Purchase. (See
under Department of Agriculture; also
under Mrs. N. M. Brown. )
NESMmi, H. M., Lone Grove, Tex.:
Specimens of tropper ores from Texas
(40521); pecan nuts from Texas
(40560).
Newcomb, H. H., Boston, Mass.: Ten
specimens of Chionobas kalahdin . 40332.
Newcomb, William, Tenafly, N. J.: Two
microscopic mounts of PolycisHna,
41093.
Newlon, Dr. W. S., Oswego, Kans. :
Specimen of Naticopms altoneyms
McChesnev. 40391.
Newman, H. W., post quartermaster-
sergeant, U. S. A., Fort Greble, James-
town, R. I.: Indian baskets. I.ioan.
7972.
Newneh, Sir (iKORGK, Wildcroft, Putney
Heath, I^jndon, England (n»ceived
through (i. A. Boulenger, British
Museum): Fishes collected by the
Southern Crow expedition. 39766.
New York Aquarium, New York City:
Moray (Channomursnia Htlata), col-
lecte<l in Bennuda by Mr. Ix)uis Mow-
brav. 40105.
•
New York Botanical Garden, Bronx
Park, N. Y.: Two plants (exchange)
(39614; 39694); 143 plants collectiKi on
the Island of St. Kitts (exchange)
(:W17); received through PK>f. O. F.
Cook, plant from St. Kitts (gift)
(40061); 5 plants (exchange) (40045;
40281) ; 44 plants from Porto Rico and
St. Kitts (exchange) (402i)3); plant
(exchange) (40359); 150 plants from
the West Indies (exchange) (40361);
126
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
New York Botanical Garden — Cont'd.
9 plants (exchange) (40426; 40489;
40490; 40501; 40515); 102 plants from
Mexico, prei*ented to the New York
Botani(!al (iarden hy the Duke of Lou-
l>at (exchange) (40731); 28 plants (ex-
change) (40887; 40902; 41085; 41130;
41153; 41204).
Niblack, Lieut. Commander A. P.,
U. S. N.: Three Moorish flint-lock
guns. Ix)an. 8119.
N1CKEL8, John M., Cincinnati, Ohio:
Types of thnH.» Hi>ecieH of fossil bryo-
zoan (exchange) (,'i9H9ti); fossils fn)m
the RcH»hester shales, I..o<.rkport, N. Y.,
and fossil bryozoans, CallofMra (ex-
change) (40337); 500 sfH-^cimens <»f
Paleozoic fossils (gift) (40355).
Nixon, S. D., Baltimore, Md.: Two turtle
shells, ilit'lopuH yuttatns (1^9955); stone
axe, fossil shells, and a pie<*e of i)etri-
fuHl wood (40053); shells of a cral)
{0<'ciirrijiH:< rnricoht Linnieus) from
Navassa Islan<ls (40212).
NoLTE, Kmilioj Coyuca de Catalan, (Juer-
rero, Mexico: Two specimens of tree
cotton (39678) ; OHi>ecimensof minerals
from .Mcxii'o (3iK)r)3).
Noon, a. II., Nogalcs, Ariz.: A meteorite
weighing 113 jsmnds, from ArisjH*,
Sonoro, Mexico. I*un*hase. L. P. X.
41003.
North Carolina Talc and Mininci Com-
i»any, Ih'witts, N. C. : Specimensof talc
collected hv K. I». I^nev. 41111.
• ■
Norton, Nki>, Colehrook, N. If.: Ni<-kcl
ore (3^*H)7): wimple of molylxlemim
from m*ar Ij«*xington, Vt. (40025).
O'Nkii., Rear-Ailmiral Ciiari.fx, V. S. N.
(See un<ier Navy Department. )
Ohkriioi-skr, II. ('., Biological Survey,
I>ej>artment of Agriculture: Ten binls'
nkins from Norway. 40517.
()(;okn,(^. V. (S<'eun(h*r(icrritS. Miller,
jr.)
OiiDKN, Dr. II. ('., Milwanktv, Wis.:
Three j)lants from Wisconsin. .'>9771^.
( )li)Rovi), Mrs. T. S., Burnett, Cal. : Murine
shells from California (404:i5; 41037).
Olka <le, Don S«»nor Serveriano, Monte-
vi<leo, Cruguay: Miwellaneoiis shells
and chalcedonic giKKles. 40005.
Oncinr, C. R., »San Di^po, Cal. : Nineteen
plants from California and Lower C^-
fomia (40723; 40826; 40886; 40903;
41023; 41026; 41076).
Orr, Lycurcjuk, Presto, Idaho. Bay
guano from Idaho. :i9880.
Osborne, A. C, Washington, D. C: Two
carvings made from peach stones.
39915.
<)sLOR, K. J., Alcott, Colo.: Specimen of
Mvluctlln lieris L., from Oracle, Ariz.
41201.
OsTERHouT, Gborije E., Ncw Wiudsor,
Colo. : 8i)ecimen of an umlxdifer from
Colorado. 41025.
OwKN, F. D., War De^jartment, Wash-
ington, D. C. : Frame containing l)adges>
ami cards relating to the unveiling
ceremonies of the Ro<'}i'nulH*au statue,
39885.
Owen, Mrs. M. W., Sepaculite, Panz«)s,
(luatemala: Photographs illustrating;
the native arts of the wild Indian triltes
in the i«iterior of (iuatemala (39881);
Imiian net l)ag (40421).
Pa(je, L. W., Division of Roads, Depart-
ment of Agriculture: Rocks consisting
of various road materials. .'{9968.
Palmer, Dr. Kdward, Washington, D. C:
Ten si>ecie8 of land and fresh-water
mollusks, isoixnls from Alvarez, State
of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, and an in-
Hect (gift) (40407); 296 plants from
Mexico (purchase) (40495); 65 plant."
from Mexico ( pun'hase) (40562 ); ethno-
logical material collected in San \a\\9,
Poto^<i, and San Felipe, Mexico (gift)
(4a581); 228 plants from Russia (pur-
chasiO (40<>58); fire fan (gift) (41109).
Palmer, Dr. T. S., Department of Agri-
culture: Turtle {PKtidemys concinna)
from Louisiana. 40824.
Palmer, Willia.m, U. S. National Mu-
seum: Skin of Ikild eagle (39984):
s|H»cimen of Piimn ntnthus collected in
Virginia (40455); 4 hinis* skins from
South Carolina au<l Cuha (40474).
Palmer, W. C., (ToldslK)ro, N. C. : Geo-
logi<'al material. 40706.
Pan-American K.\'i»osition, Buffalo, N. Y.
(StH? under Government Board.)
LIST OF A0CE8SION8.
127
Paris, France, £cole pes Mines: Re-
i-eived through Prof. Henri Douville.
Specimen and two pieces of the type
specimen of Ileterolrypa frondomy Ed-
wards and Haime. 40557.
Paris, France, Museum of Natural
Hiotory: Received through Prof. E. L.
Bouvier. Fresh-water crabs (41216);
received through Dr. M. Boule, pieces
of the type 8i>ecimen of the bryozoan
representing the species Chfeietes fron-
domisi and ChxMes mammulatus d*Orbi-
gny (40417).
Parish, S. B., San Bernardino, Cal. :
Plants from C^ilifomia (40207, 40508).
Parker, A. C, Bridgton, N. J. : Myriapod
(JuluH). 41211.
Parker, Charles V., Trinidad, Colo.:
Foot l)one of camel or llama-like ani-
mal common in western territoy dur-
ing the Pliocene perioil. 40208.
Parker, John W., Sergeant, V. S. In-
fantry, Xanana, Samar, Philippine
Islands: Beetle. 89816.
Parker, William F., Montezuma, Colo.:
Snow -fly, ('hiorwa niveicidf Dean.
40291.
Park HURST, J. H., U. S. National Mu-
seum: Judgment of a justice of the
I>eace, date<l October, 1826. 39898.
Parkinson, T. B., Detroit, Mith.: Silu-
riun an<l Devonian fossils. Purchase.
41082.
Parritt, II. W., London, England:
Twenty-three specimens (14 sp<»cies)
of e<*hino<ierms and crustaceans. Ex-
change. 40274.
Parsons, J. I., Colebrook, N. II.: Speci-
men of Bill-fish (Round White fish)
(:oregoints quaf^rilaterali*. 40769.
pARTRiiKiE, R. H., Washington, D. C:
Specimen of gold in quartz, from Orange
Countv, Va. Purchase. 40959.
Patterson, Miss Emily. (See under
Egypt Exploration Fund.)
Paumcjarten, Baron P., Washington,
D. C. : FIint-h)ck pistol of Austrian
make. 40694.
Payne, E. J., Olympia, Wash.: Specimen
of gypsum from Alaska. 40411.
Peck, J. Y., St. Augustine, Fla.: Eight
plants from Florida. 40802.
Pendleton, Capt. E. C, U. S. N. (See
under Navy-yard, Washington, D. 0.)
Pennsylvania Railroad Company, Cam-
den, N. J. : Received through Walter
Antrim. Diploma awarded by the
New Jersey State Agricultural Society,
1858, for the engine **John Bull."
40511.
Perdew, G. M., Cuml)erland, Md.: Two
plants from the vicinity of Cumber-
land. 39845.
Perrow, B. B., Louisville, Ky.: Pistol <»f
Henry Clay. Loan. 8272.
Pettit, Miss Katherine, Lexington, Ky. :
Three photographs illustrating the
primitive life of the Kentucky moun-
taineers of Knott County, Ky. (40273);
12 photographs representing the proc-
ess of making woollen cloth by hand
in the Kentucky mountains (39796).
Peyster, Frederic J. dk. (See under
St. Nicholas Society. )
Pfordte, Otto F., Rutherford, N. J.:
Three specimens of wulfenite from
PlumosaMine, Huepac,Orizpe,Sonora,
Mexico (exchange) (40919); specimens
of chalce<lony, paramelaconite, pecto-
lite, and thaumasite from various locali-
ties (gift) (40953); 3 specimens of
thaumasite from West Paterson, N. J.
(exchange) (41097).
Phalen, W. C, r. S. National Museum:
Specimens of pyramorphite fn)m near
Patagonia, Ariz. (49668); rocks illus-
trating the geology of Boston Basin
(40553).
Phoenix W<x)1) and Coal Company,
Phoenix, Ariz.: Receive<l through Paul
A. Brizani, secretary. Two Pima bas-
kets. Purchase. L. P. X. 406:«.
PicKERELL, A. J., Prt^^ott, AHz. : Speci-
men of Agave from Arizona. 40182.
Pierre, Abb^, Mouliiis, France: Four-
tc*en specimens of ))ar&^itic Hymenop-
tera. 40879.
Pike River Granite Co.mfany, Amlwi^g,
Wis.: Two specimens of granite from
quarries at Amberg. 40263.
128
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
PiNYAN, A. H., Bisbee, Ariz.: Antler of
deer ( OdocoUetift) from Arizona. 39792.
Piper, C. V., Pullman, Wash.: Specimen
of Sedum from Washington. 40033.
PiTTiER, H., Director del Instituto Ffsico-
Geografico National, San Jose, Costa
Rica: Nineteen plants from Central
America (gift) (40184); 228 plants from
Costa Rica (gift; purchase) (40292;
4a565); 156 plants from Costa Rica
(purchase) (40566).
Plank, K. N., Decatur, Ark.: Receive<l
through Dei)artment of Agriculture.
Plant from Arkansas. 39989.
Pli'maciier, Hon. K., U. S. consul, Mara-
cailK), Venezuela: Seven photographs
of Venezuelan natives (49837) ; received
through Dei)artment of State, 2 models
of Indian huts (40159).
PoLiNc, O. C, Quincy, III.: Eleven speci-
mens of rare I^epidoptera (40013) ; 12
Hpec'imens of Coleoptera, 22 sf)ecimenH
of Neuroptera, 2 sjKH'imens of Rhyn-
chota, 6 8i>ecimens of Hymenoptera,
and 71 siwcimens of Diptera (40594).
Pollard, C. L., and W. R. Maxon, U. S.
National Muneum: Two specimens of
()fpnpedium hirftutum and (hniophyilnm
tluUictroiden from Fairfax County, Va.
(40457); npccimcu of Cijpripfdium
hirsiittuii (40796).
PooLK, Kk'HARI), Poolesvillc, Md.: Bal<l
cjigle in immature phmiagc. 4(K)21.
I*<>sTAL Telk<;rai'ii Cable Company,
New York City: Receivcnl through
William H. Baker, vice-prenident and
general mahavrtT. Sample of the c<mi-
mercial Pacific cable laid U'tween San
Francinco and Honolulu. 40t>47.
PoTLN<;, H. <i., Sausalito, Cal.: Six pho-
tographic! views in Japan. 40()17.
PoTo, W. L. (See under Department t>f
Agriculture. )
Potomac Klkctkic Powek C-omi'any,
Washington, 1). C. : Kecoivetl through
L. E. Sinclair, sujierintendent. Fif-
teen olwolete forms of arc lamps, et(!.
40913.
Powell, J. I)., Archer City, Tex.: Beetle
( Dijmistes titym L. ) . 396.3,3.
Preble, £. A.: Man's reindeer coat
Deposit. 8328. (See also under De-
partment of Agriculture. )
PREVER, Dr. PiETRo. (See under Turin,
Italy, Royal Museum. )
Price, Mrs. John P., Florence, AUu:
Sjiecimen of ThfJt/phonus giganUw.
40839.
Price, Miss S. F., Bowling Green, Ky.:
Fourteen specimensof ferns (exchange)
(40004); 30 specimens, 5 speciee of
fresh-water shells (gift) (40429).
Priest, B. W., Norfolk, England: Fora-
m in if era from Jersey, England. Ex-
change. 39997.
Prinole, C. G., University of Vermont,
Burlington, Vt.: One hundred and
ninety- two plants and 50 seeds fmm
Mexico (40849; 41029; 41219; 41220).
Purchase. (See also under Depart-
ment of Agriculture.)
pROKEs, J. N., Jackson, * Minn. : Speci-
men of calcareous tufa from Des Moines
River, Jackson. Exchange. 41051
Prouten, Mrs. Bertha, Cleves, Ohio:
Beetle {Alaus oculatus Liniuros).
39630.
Vv{Hiy John, Markleton, Pa.: Bat {Lofi-
u nut iKtrealis ) . 39772.
Pi'RDON, Arthur, Arthur City, Tex.:
Royal horneii caterpillar, Citherotm
regalU. 39598.
PrKPrs,C. A., San Diego, Cal.: One hun-
dred and eighty-four plants from Cal-
ifornia and Central America (purchase
and gift) (40453; 41022). (See under
T. S. Brandegee. )
(2CAINTANCE, Prof. A. L., Maryland Agri-
cultural College, Coll^:e Park, Md.:
Types of Ale^frode^ martaUi QxxBLmiaJiiX,
from Java, and Alq/rodea spinifera
(iuaintance, fmm Japan. 40644.
Ra'ci'e, C. E., deputy minister of lands,
mines, and fisheries, Quebec, Canada:
S|K'cimen * of Salmon, Salmo mIot.
40206.
Racjan, M. M., ( i reencastle, Ind.: Flint-
chipi>ed arrow point. 40000.
LIST OF A0CE88ION8.
129
Ion. B. D., U. 8. Consul, Ba-
v'a. Pair of Mouse deer ob-
ith the assistance of Dr. van
, of the Botanic Gardens in
rg. 40434.
W. L., U. S. National Mu-
ibbit (Lepusamericanun) fonn
ike, New York (:i9974) ; 4 eggs
throated Green warbler, Den-
ewy from New York (40862) ;
ort-tailed hawk, Buieo brack-
>m Florida (40870); nest and
HuHset-backed thrush, Jlyio-
UaUiy from California (40925).
OHE, Mexico, Mexico: Ashes
volcano of Santa Maria in
la. 40451.
Charles D., Santiago, Cul>a:
ven moths. 400t)5.
. A., Durham, N. C: Rose
3sentlng the 8j)ecies Rhodites
9 L. 40994.
^ L., U. S. Geological Survey:
M of lawHonite from Tihuron
I, Marion County, Cal. 40779.
aiiN, Sanford, Fla. : Twenty-
ts from Florida (exdiange)
37 plants from Florida (gift)
0110; 40205).
Mrn. Richard, Wai?hington,
lie *' 1,000" puzzle and the
5zle. 40651.
NK L., Bocas del Toro, Re-
Colombia: Sixteen species of
lells from Colombia. 40583.
., MuHeo de Concepcion, Con-
Jhile: Large and valuable col-
f Chilean innecls, including
•a, Hymenopteni, an<l other
nd consisting of 2,051 sjwci-
0222.
«« Genevieve, Fort Trumbull,
Qd(m, Conn.: Specimen of
\rkii (Gray) from South Af-
rchase. 40176.
, J., Dallas, Tex.: Forty-two
m Texas. (39727; 40267.)
A. J., C<mnersville, In*!.: Ar-
spearheads. 40270.
r. S. J., Beaver Dam, Ky.:
n Kentuckv. 39873.
Rhoadb, S. N., Audubon, N. J. : Six speci-
mens of Nymphsca variegata from Clem-
en ton, N. J. (39884); specimens of
Nymphxa advena from Haddonfield
and Newton Creek, near Collingwood,
N.J. (39303.)
Richmond, A. B., Patagonia, Ariz.:
Specimens of native lead from Pata-
grmia (39586; 39846); siiecimen of
chak^nthite from Santa Cruz County,
Ariz. (40064).
RicKER, P. L., Washington, D. C: Six
hundred and thirty-nine plants from
Maine (purchase) (39695); 5 plants
from Mississippi (gift) (40140); 27
plants from Maine (gift) (40239); 10
specimens of lichens and Hepatic^,
principally from Florida and (Jeorgia
(gift) (40449).
RicKET, C. B., New York City: Two
plants from New York. 40992.
RiCKSECKER, A. E., Redfield, S. Dak.:
Two hundriMl an<i fifty plants from St.
Croix, Dutch West Indies (purchase);
39 specimens from St. Croix (gift)
(4a503).
Riddle, L. C., Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio: Four sjiecimens of
Ilymenoptera. 40mi
RiiKiWAV, Robert, V. S. National Mu-
seum: Twenty-one binls' skins, a bird's
nwt, and 2 set« of eggs, also a collei'tion
of plants (3JM)04); skin of Gn»at honied
owl from Illinois (39986); si)ecimen of
Carolina paroquet, Connrtut carol hiermiji
(40518); 2 specimens of Carolina paro-
quets (41142).
Riley, J. H., V. S. National Museum:
Common mole (SfrilojtM (Kpuiticutt) from
Falls Church, Va. (40200); 2 birds'
skins from Virginia (40416); skin of
Great crested flycatcher, Myiarchus
crinUvn (40475); si)eciinen of Sprea<l-
ing adder, Heterodon iihttyrhimiSy from
Falls Church (40808); 9 eggs of Wild
turkey, Mdeagrii^ (jnlhpdvo silrestri^f
from Fairfax County (409:^); set of
eggs of Cooper's hawk, Acci2)iter cooperiy
from Virginia (41009).
Riley, Prof. R. R., I^misiana, Mo.: Fos-
siliferous clay from the Kinderhook
formation at Louisiaaa. '^V^^^.
I4U8 1903 9
130
REl»ORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Rio Janeiro, Brazil, Muhbo NArioxAL;
retviveti through Carlos Moreira.
SpefimeiiH of recent Hrazilian coraln.
40191.
Riix^niE, J., jr., Boston, Mass.: Marine
nhells. Exchange. 89756.
Roberts, Charles (i., Baltimore, Md.:
Jjesif of a Sooth African plant repre-
senting the sjjecies fjiiutidendrou argett-
tuju R. Br. (40649); spt^cimens of Coc-
cid, sometimes known as '* ground
|)earls,*' from Cape Colony, Africa
(40738).
Roberts, (Jeorcie E. (See under United
States Mint. )
Roberts, Mrs. Percy, Montcagle, Tenn. :
Plant. 3<.K>13.
Roberts, Dr. T. S., Minnca{M)liH, Minn.:
Twelve siHM'imcnsof Xi/niph;va variegnta
from I^kc Itasca, Minn. 39737.
Robertson, Prof. Charles T., Carlinvillc,
111.: Xinetet'ii species of Ilymenoptera
representing co-tyiK»s, 4 sjK'cies of
Tiphiida*, 13 spccifs of Kunienida*, and
2 species of (Vropalida*. 40842.
KoBLvtrrTE, F. M., Cochise, .\riz. : Eighty-
one birds' skins from Arizona. Pur-
chase. 40232.
KoBiNsoN, J. II., Washington, I). C. :
French lH*an from the District of Co-
lnml)ia. 39785.
Robinson, T. K., Lanham, Md.: One hun-
dred aisl twenty plants collected at
Thousand Isles, New York. Purchase.
39S8().
Robinson, Capt. Wirt, V. S. .\., West
Point, N. Y.: Two skins of ('hurdt'ilts
}ninor and lilnrintx pnllulns, and a
bird's egg from trojiical .\merica
(3W<)9); mis«'ellam*ous insects (3in)71 );
specimen of J'njfi/in hounrns (40092);
100 fi[)ecimens of l^'pidoptera (ex-
change) (40209); 28 moths ( 40554);
eggs of AmpuJlaria from Palm Jicach,
Fla. (40945).
RoDKY, Hon. HkrnauoS., Ihiuscof Kep-
rcsentiitives, Wa'^hington, I). C. : Sam-
ple of Manila hemp from the Philippine
Islands, collected by Cai>t. <ieorgc
Curry, of Manila. 4(H)38.
Rogers, Dr. A. P., Columbia rnivereity.
New York City : ( )8traeode-bearinjj r«xk
from the coal meaeiures of Kant«H
(40418); 5 epecimeiis of Cgciuit romim-
nis from Kansas City, Mo. (40768).
RoMBURti, Dr. VAN. (See under Rou.
B. 8. Rairden.)
RooN, G. VAN, Rotterdam, IlolUnd:
One hundred and twenty speciiiifrtf
(42 species) of Coleoptera and 1 Cicada
(40018); received through Dr. L. 0.
Howard, 55 l^eetles from Java, B()^
neo, and other localities (40170). Ex-
change.
Rose, A. G., Ferguson, S. C. : Pujia of a
butterfly ( Papilio n^eri(n< ) . .398ti2.
RosK, Dr. J. N., U.S. National Museum:
Small Mexican l)asket and 20 speci-
mens of tortilla or com i^kes. 408.^5.
RoussEA r , Phi leas, Notre Dame de Moni/i.
Vendikj, France: Nineteen trilobites. 5
specimens of Bellerophou^ and 4 other
fossils from the Silurit! of Framr.
Exchange. 39859.
RowLKE, W. W.,» Ithaca, N. Y.: (hie
hundre<l and thirty plants from trie
Isle of Pines, West Indies. Purcliaw.
3<)916.
Rowley, Prof. R. R., Ixmisiana, Mo.:
SjHJcimen of I^ower Burlington de<'om-
pose<l chert, containing minute fossil?-
40022.
Royal Botanic (tardens. (Sei» umhr
Kew, I>(mdon, England. )
Royal Gardens. (See under Cahnitta,
India.)
Royal Muski'.m. (See under Turin.
Italy.)
Royal Mi'sei'm of Natural Histoky.
(Sec un<ler Stockholm, Swetlen. )
Royal Zoouhjical and Anthroi'du*'-
ical-Kthn(h;raphical Mi'seum. (S^*
under Dresden, (iemiany.)
KoYsTKR, .v., Suffolk, Va. : Receivinl
through J. W. Daniel, jr. Plant from
Virginia. 39800.
RroiKKR. Mrs. .M. L., Knoxville, Tenn.:
"Old Line Whig flag,** used during
the Henry Clay cami)aigu at Arlington,
Va., in 1840. 40083.
LIST OF ACCESSIONS.
131
RrFFix, Hon. J. N., 17. 8. i-ousul, Ahuh-
cion, Paraguay, South America. Na-
tive ft»ather coHtunies from Parajruay
(purrhase; 41089; L. P. X. 41090).
KuMMKL, Mrs. Franz. (Sec under Heirs
of S. F. B. Morse.)
KrMMKL, F. M., Washington, I). C:
lieetle ( LtfcojHut vilUmi Casey) . 40843.
Ri'><sELL,I)r. Frank. (See under Smith-
sonian Institution, Bureau of Eth-
nology. )
RiKSKLL, Prof. Israel, V. S. Geological
Survey: Ethno1ogi(*al material, mam-
mals, and a bird from the Eskimos of
the l^)wer Yukon (39927) ; voU-anic
material from Cinder Buttes, Idaho
(40344).
Ri'SMELL, William. (See under Smith-
sonian Institution, Bureau of Eth-
nology. )
lirsT, II. N. (See under Smithsonian
Institution, Bureau of Ethnology. )
RvEH.M)N, R. (i., Wayne, N. J.: Wam-
pum }>elt of Sc»necA Indians. Loan.
7S92.
.<T. Mary's Academy, ^Monroe, Mich.:
Receive*! through Sist<»r M. Catherine.
SiKH-imens of cahrite from Monroe and
a Hi>ecimen of celestine from Scofield.
40007.
St. Nicholas S(K'IETy, New York City:
Received through the (U)mmittee,
Charh?s A. Schermerhorn, Frederic
de P. Foster, and Frtnleric J. de Peyster.
Medal of the St. Nicholas Societv com-
memorating the two hundred and
fiftieth anniversary of tlie granting of
munici{>al government to New Am-
stenlam. 41067.
St. pETKRSBiR(i, RrssiA, Imperial Acai>-
EMY OK Sciences: Receive*! through
Dr. N. KniiHDwitsch. One hundred
and two specMmens (46 siKfies) of land
and fresh- water shells from centml
Asia. Exchange. 41051.
San Jose, (.'osta Rica, Miseo Nacional:
RtHvive<i through Pn)f. P. Biol ley.
Ainphi{)ods and crustaceans. (40625;
410*)8.)
Sampson, Frank R., Woodcliff**, N. J.:
Continental bill, 20 shillings, New lyon-
d(m, 1776. 4a5H8.
Samson, Henry W., Washington, D. C:
Copper coin of Persia. 40653.
Sanderson, Prof. E. Dwight, Agricul-
tural and Mechanical College, College
Station, Tex.: Hermaphrodite speci-*
men of (Jrgyia leucostigma. 40401.
Sandham, Henry, London, England.
(See under Smithsonian Institution.)
Sands, W. A., Auburndale, Fla. : Sphinx
moth, Protoparce nisticd Fabr. 39596.
Sarkis, Dr. E. D., Philadelphia, Pa.:
Two pairs of Persian stockings, Persian
cap, and Persian coin. 40897.
Sartoris, Miss Nellie Grant. (See un-
der Gen. F. I). Grant. )
Saunders, E. E. & Co., Pen8acx>la, Fla.:
- Trumpt4-tish or fiute-mouth, Fitiularia
tafxtrana. 40509.
Savage, J. (i., Rosslyn, Va.: Beetle
( Coprix carolhia L. ) . 39683.
Saville, M. H. (See under Smithsonian
Institution, Bureau of Ethnology. )
Sayleh, Ira. (See under Interior De-
jjartment, U. S. (geological Survey.)
Schermerhorn, Charles A. (See under
St. Nicholas Societv. )
ScHEUBER, Miss E. \V., Livingston, Mont. :
Fifty-three plants from Yellowst<me
National Park. Purchast\ 40542.
ScHiLi), P., New York City: Collection of
insects from Costa Ricii, including Co-
leopteni, Hemiptera, Diptera, and
Hymenoptera. Purcltase. 3^)653.
ScHLt*TER, AViLHELM, Hallc-an-der-Saale,
Germany: Ten mammals (purchase)
(40051 ); (rast of an egg of Moa, Kuieu^
rrammn (gift) (40065) ; 6 Sipiirrels from
Java (purchase) (40074); 14 mammals
from Java (purchase) (4111^5); skele-
ton of a nibbit (purchase)t(404I9); 11
mammals from New(iuinea (purchasi')
(40670); 4 specimens of Trngnli from
Ceylon (gift) (41059).
ScHMii), F. S., Washington, I). C. : Par-
rot [Aiiunoitii) (.SiH)S5); Australian
ground pigeon, (iiopfuifMsrrijfta (40468) ;
monkey (4055.S); nightingide (40745);
Indian starling, 7)'}nrnnrlins jKujoddrum
(41177).
SciiNECK, Dr. J., Mount Carniel, III.:
Ba.t {Corynorhinuii »wicroli*^ V^^>^\'1Y, ^
132
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1003.
HciiNBCK, Dr. J. — Continued.
plants from various lo<'alitie8 in the
Unite<l States (39960); specimen of
Corynorhinus nuicrotis from Mount Car-
mel (40522).
ScHUCHKRT, Charles, U. 8. National Mu
seum: About 100 si)e(?imcns of Helder-
bergian material fn)m Cumberland, Md.
(:I9641); fossils colle<!te<i in Virginia,
West Virginia, and (Jreorgia (40177).
Sc'HrETTE, J. H., Green bay. Wis. (re-
ceived through the Biological Society
of Washington, D. C): Thirty speci-
1 1 lens of Oratirg^is. 4 1 1 50.
Sc^nrsTKR, Adolk and Renjamin, Hol-
brook, Ariz.: Two masks of llopi In-
dians from W^alpi, Ariz. Purchase.
40a56.
Schwa RZ, Dr. K. A., I)ei>artment of Ag-
riculture: Five «je<l« from the West
Indies collei'te<l by H. (J. IIubl)ard
(40221); 53 Hrx^cimeuH of l^epidoptera
from Cuba (408(57).
SciDMORE, MisH K. R., AVashington, I).
(\: Pencil outlines of a human foot
(4()60()) ; bra«H fixed ammunition caf^e
for 4-pounder gun tired from the V. S.
S. (Uipnpia, May 1, 1S9H (4(KKH)); regu-
lation army shoe worn during 18<)1-18<)5
(40924) ; 113 HiK^cimenn, in<'luding eth-
nological material, coraini<"H, and relig-
ious objects from China. l^)an. 8:^73.
SciKNTiKic .Vmkkican, Ncw Vr)rk Citv
nM.'cive<l through I)ej)artment of Ag-
ri<"ulture): Si)ecimen of tVi/pUfxtf-gia
(/nindiiforn Hrown, from Mexico.
39876.
ScoLUC'K, W\ E., r. S. National Museum:
Bat (ytfctlrejyM) from Oxonhill, M<1.
41079.
Scott, T. A., Washingt<ni, 1). C.: Myria-
pod found in a lumch of l)ananaH.
40202.
Skale, a. (See under licrnici' Panahi
Bishop Museum, Honoluhi, Hawaiian
Islands. )
Skk, James W. (See under Charles L.
Whi taker. )
Skkcjkr, (i. A., liranchville, Md.: Garter
snake from Maryland (39895): black
snake, Znmen'n* roiu^tridor^ froniBranch-
ville, Md. (40422).
Seton, E. T., Wyndygoul, Coscob, Conn.:
Eleven deer from Montana. Purchaw.
40938.
Seton-Karr, H. W., Wimbledon, S. AV.,
England: Fifteen paleolithic imple-
ments from the lateritic deposit** of
Poonili, India. 40597.
Seymour, A. B., Cambridge, Mass: S{iei'i-
men of Trichomaneif j>eterm from Tal-
lulah Falls, Cia. 40640.
Shaorock, T. T., Culpeper, Va.: Beetle
( DynagUs tityus L. ) . 39636.
Shannon, Mrs. Osborn, Washington, I>.
C: Uniform worn by the late (gov-
ernor Shannon, of Ohio and Kausa{>,
when United States minister to Mexiinj
in 1844. 39978.
Shaw, Clarence II., Phoenix, Ariz.:
Zufli shirt, and a collection of phot<:>-
graphs. 40718.
Shaw, (fEomiE R., Arnold Arboretum,
Boston, Mass.: Fifteen plants, inclu«l-
ing pine cone«, etc., from Cuba an«l
various localities (40635; 40688).
Shaw, J. F., Somerset, Tex. (ret*eive«l
through Department of Agriculture):
Three plants {Cucmnis dijwacew Eh-
reub, and (^uerats lir^iniana Mill) from
Texas. 41217.
Shaw, K. E., Alberene, Va.: Burrowing
snake, ('arjHyphis nm<mu»^ from Vir-
ginia. :W786.
Shkc'kleh, John E., Washington, D. C:
Immature Osprey or Fish hawk, from
Bay Ridgis Md. ' 39734.
Shkli>on, E. p., Portland, Oreg.: Fonr
plants from Oregon (exchange) (40114;;
S plants from California and ()reg«>n
(gift) (40214; 40402; 40448); 250 plant?
from ()n»gon (pun^hase) (40(>77); •'>
plants from ( )regon (gift) (40883; 41169^.
Shepherd, T. M., Alexandria, Va.: Plant:?
from Texas. 39793.
SHEKinAN, Mrs. Irene Rucker, and
MichaklV. Sheridan: Trustees. Fonr
pieces i)i Flemish tapestry, represent-
ing scenes in the life of Alexander the
(ircat. Deposit. 8458.
Sherman, John D., New York City:
Twenty-thnn* s|>einmen8 (6 species) of
North American beetles. 39923.
LIST OF ACCESSIONS.
133
Sherwood, Andrew, Mansfield, Pa. : Pre-
historic stone hammer (gift) (40382);
(•ollet-tion of Upper Devon ic vertebrate
and invertebrate fossils from Pennsyl-
vania (purchase) (41123).
Shilling, Mrs. Mart A., Washington,
D. C. : Haversack and knife with car-
tridge-case handle carried by the late
Corpl. (ieorge F. Shilling during the
Cuban lampaign. 39949.
Short, John W., Liberty, Ind.: Two
plants. 40592.
SurFKLDT, Dr. R. W., New York City:
Twosi>ecimen8of.4toM«ocu/a<i«. 41006.
Shulak, Rev. Francis X., St. Ignatius
College, Chicago, 111.: Specimens of
smoky quartz and other minerals (40368;
49960).
Shull, George H., Havre deiJrace, Md.,
Washington, D. C, and University of
Chicago: Specimens of Sabbatia dodo-
randra (L) B. S. P., and Pteridium aqiii-
linum (L) Kuhn (39899); plant from
Virginia (:i9989); plant from New York
(41114); 2 plants from New York
(41131). (See under Department of
Agriculture. )
SiDEBOTTOM, H., Chcadlo Hume, near
Stockport, Cheshire, England: Forami-
nifera from Great Britain and the Sey-
chelles islands. Exchange. 39640.
SiciorRNKY, AV. S., Washington, D. C. :
Two hundred and thirty-one photo-
graphic views of the Philippine Islands.
40120.
8iM>ioNi>s, H. L., Los Angeles, Cal.: Rab-
bit-skin blanket. Purchase. 40811.
Simpson, C. B., Department of Agricul-
ture: Five butterflies from Idaho.
40868.
SiMH, Claude E., Doverhill, Ind.: Eighth
een pent rem ites. Purchase. 39789.
Sinclair, L. E. (See under Potomac
Ele<!tric Power Company. )
SisTKR M. Catherine. (See under St.
Mary^s Academy, Monroe, Mich.)
S.roHTEDT, Dr. Yngve. (See under Stock-
holm, Sweden, Royal Museum of Nat-
ural History.)
Skifk, F. J. V. (See under Field Co-
lumbian Museum. )
Skinnbr, Dr. Henry, Academy of Nat-
ural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. : Four
specimens of Tegrodera aloga Skinner
(cotypes). 41176.
Slater, William M., Washington, D.C.:
Specimen of rutile from Roseland, Nel-
son County, Va. 39941.
Slosson, Mrs. A. T., Franconia, N. H.r
Specimen of Dipteron (Elachiptera for-
mom Loew. ), from Mount Washington,
New Hampshire (40016); 28 specimens
of parasitic Hymenoptera (40089); 12
specimens of parasitic Hymenoptera
from Biscayne Bay, Florida (new to
Museum collection) (40259).
Smith, A. D., Peoria, 111.: Myriapod ( Cer-
matia forceps Ij) . 41007.
Smith, Miss Annie M., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Thirty specimens of mosses from North
Carolina. Exchange. 41086.
Smith, C. L., Iowa City, Iowa: Plant from
Mexico. 41147.
Smith, E. G., Arlington, Iowa: Prehis-
toric copper spearhead. Loan. 7833.
(Returned.)
Smith, George O. (See under Interior
Department, U. S. Geological Survey. )
Smith, Henry, Milwaukee, Wis.: Three
models of boomerangs. 40384.
Smith, Herbert H., Pittsburg, Pa.: Two
thousand one hundred and ninety-three
plants from South America. Purchase.
41206.
Smith, Jared G., Agricultural Experi-
ment Station, Honolulu, Hawaii. Re-
ceived through Department of Agri-
culture: Plants from the Hawaiian
Islands. (39720; 39722; 41102.)
Smith, Prof. J. B., New Brunswick, N.
J.: One hundred and nineteen slides
showing parts of Lepidopteria mounted
in balsam (40414); five types of Noc-
tuids (40643.)
Smith, Capt. J. Donnell, Baltimore, Md. :
Three hundred and seventy-five plants
from Central America and the West
Indies. 41048.
Smith, L. Bertrand, New York City.:
Skull of young walrus ( Odohsenus) from
Franz Josef I^nd. 41107,
134
REl*ORT OF NATIONAL MUSEriM, 19a3.
Smith, Mre. Rachkl S., Lincoln, Va.:
I^H»tU^ (Ih'Rmiiceru» jHiUiatits Foreter).
41047.
Smith, Thorn, Isabella, Tenn. : Meteorite-
iron from the southwestern »e<'tion of
Cherokee County, N. C (purchase)
L. P. X. (40746); specimens of zoisite
(exchange) (41095).
Smith & Wesson, Springfield, Mass.:
New military revolver. 40122.
Smithsonian Institi^'ion, Mr. S. P. I^ng-
ley, secretary:
Bronzed plaster bust of Cuvier. 39652.
Bequeathetl to the Institution by Mr.
Charles Al)ert, through Miss Con-
stantia AlH?rt, AVashington, I). C.
Collection of weights and measuring
api>aratus purchaseil by >Ir. S. P.
I^ngley from Mr. J. Charles Wohl-
lK)ld, Nuremburg, (Jermany. 40029.
Rroiize medal commemoiating the cen-
tennial anniversary of the Athemeum
of Brescia. 40t)73. Presented to the
Institution bv the Athemeum.
Original o'i\ painting of "The March of
Time." 40194. Presented bv Mr.
Henry Sandham, lx)ndon, Knglaml.
Traimn Uhd from the Burenu nf A inerican
Kthnohnjiiy Mr. \V. II. Holmes, chief.
Ancient Mexican st(nie voke, received
through Mr. :M. H. Saville (H9590);
colh'ction of relics fnun ruins in
Arizona, collected by Mr. ('e<-il A.
Dciinc, Denver, Col« ». ( 39591 ) ;
tlirough Miss Mabel M. (iouM, war
lx)nnct obtained from a Sioux Indian
and a fur bag ma<ie by the Oglala In-
dians (o96r>0); n'ccive<l through H.
K. Wadsworth, Indian war bonnet
(.'{9681 ) ; received through ().(;. Har-
<lesty, stone HjK'arhcad (3968'J);
through Lieut, (t. T. Kmmons,
r. S. N., Princeton, X. J., skin fur
blanket obtained from the Cliilcat
Indians and an unfinished basket
fn.m the same tribe (;)98'J()); 50 bas-
kets from Thompson River, Biitish
Cohnnbia. 16 anti«|ue masks and a
wooden seat from British Cohnnbia,
colU'cted bv Lieut. (1. T. ICnmions
(.S99()4): ethnological <"ollectioii ob-
tiiineil bv Dr. Frank Russell from
the Pima Indians of Arizona (:>tH»9());
Smfthsonian I NSTiTi'TioN — Continut**!.
collwtion of biiskets fn»m the Pima
Imlians, obtaiiUHl by Dr. Frank Rus-
sell (39991 ); HiHHrimens of (luarrysitc
material fnun aboriginal quarries <if
Carter County, Ky., obtained by Mr.
Gerard Fowke, Chillicothe, Ohio
(40021); received through E. 0.
Matthews, collection of prehistoric
stone relics (4(X)48) ; baskets matle by
the Mission Indians, 2 pairs of yu(\«
sandals from Santa Rosa, willow grain
basket, 2 nets for carrying wihl hemp,
and a wooden needle, ci>llectetl by
Mr. H. N. Rust, Los Angeles, Cal.
(40049); 90 ethnological objects from
the middle West, obtained from the
Indians of that section through Rev.
Michael Dumarest (40071); 11 lx)xes
containing archeological material
from the shell heai)s of Maine, col-
lei^teil by the late Frank H. Cushin^
(40192); 6 plastic figures of P^gyptian
gods, obtained through Mrs. Mario
N. Buckman, Boston, Mass. (40231):
ethnological material and ge<.)Iogical
si)ecimens, collected by W J MciJeo,
James Mooney, and others (40264 1:
colltH^'tion of f)ottery casts, oti*.
(40329); ethnological material, binls,
and plants, collected by Mrs. M. C.
StevenH(m (40350); ethnological ma-
terial, collected by Messrs. Jann>!»
Mooney, I)el-«ancy (rill, A. E. Jenk?,
and others in Salt River Vallev from
among the Chippewa Indians, Cher-
okee Indians, and from localities in
Mexico (40385); collet^ted by Mrs.
M. C. Stevenson, sun shrine i-ontaiii-
ing a numlHT of concretions, Ht>pi
cotton kilt, embroidere<l and (xaintc^l,
to be used at the base of a white
mask, taldet l)elonging to a plunie«l
serpent, red pottery bowl (archaic),
fragments of pottery from ruins we?t
and northwest of Zufii, and a fetish
of Kolouise (40396); Pegan costume,
obtained from William Russell,
Washington, D. C. (4a572) ; receiveil
through Mr. W. H. Holmes bronze
medal of the Geographical Soi*ietyof
K(»umania, June 15, 1900 (41016):
stone implements from the West In-
• lies, consisting of 800 siief'imeni-
LIST OF ACCESSIONS.
185
•NMiTHMONiAN Inktitution — Continue^l.
(41087) ; photographs and other ma-
terial i)ertaiiiing to phyflical aiithn)-
pology (41138). Deposit
Transmitted from tlie Naiiatial Zoological
Parky Dr. Frank Baker, superin-
tendent:
Specimen of Tantalus loculator (39625);
monkey {Cebus hypoleu'cus); lynx
{LifTu: nifus floridanus); monkey
( Mavactis maurus) ; lynx ( Lynx cana-
densis) (39626); specimen of Lynx
rufuSf llama; Cebus; specimen of Lit-
ira hudsonicai specimen of Felis leo
and Macacus cynomolgus (39928);
specimen of nine-banded Armadillo
and specimen of Celnis (39929) ; Pix»ci-
nien of Cebus and a lion (3991^);
I^nzarotte pigeon, Great blue heron,
and Bald eagle (39931) ; White stork
and Sun bear (39932): Tasnianian
wolf, Thylacjfnus cinorephahiSy and
Ocelot, Felix pardal is (39944); sj)eci-
nien of Nicobar pigeon (39945);
l>«dl>eater*8 cockatoo (39946); Iwa
constrictor (39947); Alligator lizard,
Scelqthorxis and Glass snake, Ophio-
saurus veniralis (40164); Prairie dog
{Cynomys ludorlcianus) ; Black-
handed Spider monkey, AteUs geoff-
royi; Apellamonkey,CW/w«a/>f//«; Ca-
puchin monkey, Celmscapucimis; kan-
garoo (Macropus)\ Prong-horn ante-
loix», Antilocapra americana (40ir)o);
Roseate spoonbill, Ajaja njajoy and
specimen of Bull snake, Piiuophis
stiyi (40166) ; 2 Bald eaglt»s, Haliaius
lucocephalus (40167); buffalo {Bison
americanns) , ami a specimen of Pha-
langiMa (40168); si)ecimen of Dnsy-
procta aguti (40209); specimen of
Ilyacinthine macaw, Anodorhynchus
hyacijithinns (40211 ) ; bittern (40252) ;
pptwimen of Rocky Mountain shi»cp,
Ons viontana (40253); Worxlland
caril>ou, Rangifer caribou, and skelc-
t4>n8 of Wooilland carilxju and
lijingifer caril)ou (40254); 2 speci-
inens of American bison. Bison
amtricanus; Sun Injar, Vrsns nialay-
auiis; an<l 3 specimens of Ft'l'is
li'o; <iniy wolf, Cnn'n< lapis griseo-
afbn:* (40437); skin and skeleton of
Rtnl kanguHK), Mncmpas rufust,
and Bintun)ng, Arrtichs hlnhmmg
Smithsonian Institition — Continued.
(40438) ; gopher snake, Spiloies corals
couperii (40439) ; 3 Parson finchesand
a (/alifomia comlor, I^seudogryphus
califomiamis (40440); Golden eagle,
Aqaila chryssdor; 2 specimens of
Strawberry finch, 2 Painted finches
and a Black duck (40441) ; 4 Painted
finches, Gray-coated mundi, Nasaa
narica, and a boa constrictor (40442) ;
Six-banded armadillo, Dasyptts til-
losusy and a boa constrictor (40443);
Java sparrow (40444); specimen of
VesL-foyvlyPavocristatus (40770) ; Black
swan. King parrakeet, grouse, and
Whistling swan (40771); turtle (Che-
lone imbricata); iguana {Iguana tuber-
ndata); Gila monster, Ileloderma sus-
pectum {40772); Marsh hawk, CiVctm
sp.; 2 Painted finches; White stork,
Ciconia alba, and a Pea-fowl, Pavo
eristatus (40773); Rocky Mountain
sheep, Ovis montana; 2 specimens of
American bison, Bison americanus;
Prong-horn antelope, Antilocapra
americana; Black squirrel, Sciurus
carolinensis; Bay lynx. Lynx rufus;
Black bear, Lrsiis americanus; Agouti,
Dasyproda (40774); monkey {Cerco-
pitherus) (40775); Mandarin duck,
Df'ndronessa g<dericidxjta (40860); Ro-
seate spoonbill, and Ilawk-bill turtle
(40861); Parrakeet, Flamingo {Phce-
n icopterus ruber ) , Golden eagle, A quila
chnjsniifr. Loon {Urinator imber)
(41116); Snowy owl, Nyciea nyctea;
Mandarin duck, Dendronema galericu-
fata; Parrakeet (Amazona); 2 speci-
mens of Phamicopterus ruber (41118);
Spi<ler monkey, .4(«/e« (41117) ; kanga-
roo (}facropus giganteus); Gray wolf,
fhnis lupus griseo-albus{41'[lb) ; (ireen
heron, Ardea virescens^ and common
l)oa, Boa constrUior (41 1 19) ; specimen
of Macacos cynornolgus; Mexican
Agouti, Dasj/prfwta mexicana; Euro-
l)ean j)orcupine, Hystrix cristata; Col-
lareii pecrcary, Dicotyles tajaca; Eyra
cat, Felis eyra; and Fallow det^r,
Damn vulgaris (41120); Gray wolf,
Can is lupus griseo-(dhus (41143); 2
spe(!hnenH of Sandhill crane, (irus
canadensis (41144). (See under E.
MeyenlK'rg. )
136
SEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1»03.
Khytii, ('. II., Hamilton Collt^-, Clin-
ton, X. Y.: Spefiiiu-MH (if Syrmiuwe
dvkf, 40236.
Skkllisc, Waltbb O., Wellington, D. C:
Carboriintlujn, Artiflcial i-onmdiim, and
pencilg maile JroDi artificial frrsphite,
fmiolhelntiTnalional Acheson <iraiili-
ite ('oiii|iany. Niafsara Falls, N. Y.
;«t9SK.
Sniidiir\hh, Pnit. R. K, WaBhin(rt<in Ag-
nin1tiiralKx|H'riiiicntStMtii>n,I>ullman,
Wash. : Tlmi- M|>eciTncnH ot P-iluuxifi'
yi-ori: llolil. 410KI.
SsvoEK, Bi.A\Dis, Washington, D. C:
Thrtf imii-ijointi'd arrows nmnl by
Bomii neRmt^, Suitaii. 40181*.
Snviiek, J. O. (See under LeiamI Stan-
ford Junior I'niversity.)
SoELKER, W. II., Washiii^n, I>. 0,:
Ten s|>ecimen)) (2 siiecieslodBnil shells
iToni the District nt CiilHml'ia, 40589.
SoMERH, ^IrH. II., Santa Barl>ara, Cul. :
Plant from Californirt. 40323.
8<>n-Ei(iiv & Fi'i.Tos, I^indon, Knifland:
Specimen of Vittiita mammiUa (in.y.
I-iircliase. 4(>li:C.
Spatii. L. (Sit" under Department of
AKricultnri'. )
Si'ENCKH, A. (',, r. S. Geological Snrvey:
Two I'lantH (fniils of cycadH) from lla-
Imna, Cnlm. 4m!»tl.
Si'i.iTnrroKBKii, Mr. (S,H'Under Dr. H. T.
Day.)
•■SiMHTs Akikl.d," Chicairo, 111.: Dipter-
oiiji larva liikeii from the iiaaal cavity
of a spike liili'k niptnnil at Monterey
Connly, Cal. Hl«ll.
STAM.iNOEn, Dr. A., .m.l .A. ItAM.-HAAS,
Berlin, (ierrnany: S,.v.-ti hundr.-.i and
sixly-ciKhl l.ntt.TllicH.iiid moth^. I>ur-
41:^13
Stanton, Dr. T. W., l'. S. ( ie,.loi-ii«l
Survey: Plant from ('uiKornia. :iHfie4.
Ktatk DKeiHTMEN-T. (Sec under Hon.
v.. \\. I'luiUilchfT. 1
Statk MisKiM. Kideii.'li, N. C: Kei-eivin!
through Mr. 11. H. Itriniley. Ty|H'
ii|M'i'imeii of AVifnviw lirimloil iiud rep-
nventalivcMof Hevera! otlivri'ju'cii'H of
Ciiiie KiviT liflheH ^^0:^:«l); wilaniiimlert"
Bii'l Hiiiiken fro:ii North Carolina
(4fK>fil ).
Stbarns, W. a., Atlanta, Ga.: Fcwils
and Unionidte. 39647.
Stebhinb, James K., Ashtabula, Ohiu:
Opal. Deposit. 40010.
Stbblb, E. I^. K-|pxir(iiien( of Agriml-
ture: Fourteen ]ilanlH from the Distrirt
of Columbia and Maryland. (397111:
40220.)
Sterri!, J. If.. Ann Arbor, Mioh.: Thre?
Hlieciniensof n-pasels(niforiiM). 41(in,
Stkjskubr, Miss Thora, Christianb,
Norway: Forty-sis mammals (roniOvre
i-i^ale. Norway (4031.t); tiS small
mammals from Norway (41032). Pnr-
Sterei, Dr. v., New Philadelphia, Pa.:
Specimens of BratuJupa*ax\d ostrenxl^.
40931.
Stkrrett, J. A., Springland, Pierce Mill
road, Washington, D. C; Specimen of
Hawkmoth,/Vi.;iim;WpM/xoiti.;nj»Hul>-
ner (39839) 2l speiimenfi of dragon-
flies from Haquett« lake. New York
(40017).
STEVK.sa, A. F.p Pond, Ark.: Four speci-
mens of Lower Carboniferous fn«jlf
from Pond. 40303.
Stevens, F.U,StateAgricnltural College.
Kaleigb, N. C: Plant. 39675.
Stevbss, I. W., Cedar, Colo.: Specimens
of ores. 39592.
Stevens IssriTifTE op Tbciis-oloov, Ho-
lioken, N. J.: Received through Mr.
S. r. I.angley. Brass Barton batton.
40223.
Stkvenbon, Jlrs. M, C. (See under
Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of
Kthnology.)
Stewart, Mrs, A. A.. St. James, Lon|(
Island; Twowpecimena of beetle repre-
Bcntinj; the sjiecies Xytonietm mlyrat-
mm.
Stew
Potter
X. J.
, Frank H., Philadelphia, Pa:
y fragments from Salem County,
40712.
■TKWAHT, S.oii-soM T., Little Rock, Aril.:
Two valvi>s of a sgieclea ot tlnio. with
uttui-hecl pearls. Purchase. 40079.
-TiLWEU., L. W., Deadwood, S. Dak.:
.Mmiit 700 specimene of Jumsetc foeeil?
friiui WvomiiiR and . South Dakota.
I'l-rr!,:,;-,'. :!97!t3.
LIST OF ACCESSIONS.
187
, E. B., Denver, Colo.: Homed
nd eight young ones. 39894.
LM, Sweden, Royal Museuk of
LAL Hiotory: Received through
igve Sjostedt. Two hundred and
-eeven specimens of exotic Lepi-
■a. Exchange. 39657.
D, II. L., Stuttgart, Ark.: Seven
rraphs of mound relics. 40288.
Miss Ellen, Eatiit Lexington,
Plan of Washington City, 1800,
igure of General Washington,
3<1 on linen. 40580.
«'RG, Hon. J.- H., New Albcmy,
Ret"eive<l through 8. 8. Gorby,
3ave, Ky. Samples of halloy-
oni various localities in Hart
y, Ky. 410:^'>.
(IARLE8, Springvale, Va. : Stone
nd on Springvale farm, Fairfax
y, Va. 41162.
Embr., Christiania, Norway:
undred and sixty-one specimens
pidoptera and 20 si)e<.nmens of
ptera. Exchange. 40823.
R, John, Charlestown, W. Va. :
ed through G. M. Beltzhoover,
tograph note dated January 28,
igned by James Rumsey. Loan.
Miss Lai'ra, Jamesport, Mo.:
leaves infesteil with insects.
Dr. 8. C, Washington, 1). C:
slic snakes from South Africa.
HELD, Mrs. Anna, Cumberland,
Specimen of Edrioar'mtis samiUnSy
wo large segments of a crinoid
Q from theOriskany of Franklin,
iton County, W. Va. 4a505.
B., Bonn, Germany: Two casts
nan skulls from the (juaternary,
'rague. Purchase. 4040.S.
[enrv, Auckland, New Zealand:
jecimens (five 8i)ecieH) of marine
from New Zealand (40548); 18
lens of Unionida; (40i):i:i).
Otto IL, Ohio State University,
bus, Ohio: Eight si^ecimens of
;ic Hymenoi)tera. 40552.
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
Botanic Gardens: Received through
J. H. Maiden, diretrtor. Thirty plants
from New South Wales. Exchange.
40473.
Taff, J. A., U. 8. Geological Survey:
Specimen of Nymphiea dealbata
(39936); specimen of NothoUena deal-
bata collected in Indian Territory
(40002).
Tainter, C. S. (See under C. C. Bell.)
Tassin, Wirt, U. S. National Museum:
Collection of pieces of rope made mto
square knots, splices, l)ends, hitches,
etc. (40175); two diamond crystals
(40873). (See under J. F. Fargo. )
Taylor, C. B., Kingston, Jamaica: Four
specimens of tree-toads and a snake,
from Jamaica. 40531.
Tedescue, Leon (t.. University of Cin-
cinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio: Specimens
of Calymene niagaremds Hall, from
Graft(m, 111. 39589.
The Curio, Phoenix, Ariz.: Received
through Paul A. Brizard. Three
Apache lx)wl-shaped l)askets. Pur-
chase. 41056.
Thomas, Henry, Manomet, Mass.: Wa-
ter-lizard, Amf/ystoma manilaium, from
Massachusetts. 40689.
Thomas, Oldfield, British Museum of
Natural History, London, England:
Skeleton of Lep\iH and skeleton of
Peiletes; also two skins and skulls of
I Microtu* (40539); South American
mammals (40665). (See under Lon-
don, Kngland, British Museum of Nat-
ural History.)
Thompson, Hu(;h M., St. Ix>uis, Mo.:
Pseud omorph of py rite-galena from
southwestern Missouri. 40365.
TnoMi»80N, Dr. J. C, T. S. N., Navy-
yard, New York City: Fishes from
the vicinity of Dry Tortugas, Florida,
including AurhenojU^rus^ Malacocteinis^
hficr(>9}Hithodim^ Jfofocentnan, Elopn^
and OgiUna. 40601.
Thorn, A. K., U. S. Natiimal Museum:
Two salamanders from Twining City,
I). C. (40057; 40118).
138
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 11W3.
TiLDKN, J. K., riiiversity of Minnesota,
Minnea|X)IiH, Minn.: ()m» hnndnsl
plants. I*iin*haHt». ,'W711.
ToLLiN, ()., Clmk(»laskets Fla.: Three
plants from Florida. 40958.
TouMEY, J. W., Yale University, New
Haven, C*inn. : Two hundred ami eijrhty
plants from Arizona. KUl
TowNHKNi), C. II., U. S. Fish ConiniiHBion:
SiKH'inien of Petawni^, HUp])OHed to be ,
from New (ruinea. 39973.
TowNSEND, Prof. C. H. T. (StH» under
Department of Agriculture; also under
Prof. T. 1). A. CcH'kerell.)
TowNHKXi), .1. A., received through De-
partment of Agriculture. Twenty-seven
plants colle<*te<i in Oregon. 40765.
Townsend-Barbek Taxidermy and Zoo-
L(m;ical (\>MrANv, El l*aso, Tex.: Im-
I>erial WcMwlpccker (39725) ; male speci-
men of Mountain Siieep, Orix me.rlranuji^
from Carri/oil Mcmntains, Mexico ( L. P.
X.) (402S9): through C. II. T. Town-
send, president, female specimen of
Oris ///*'.nVv///f/.s from Carrizal Mountains i
(40290). Purchase.
TuAiv, N. H., Aulmrn, Me.: Six sixri-
mens of frilwMite schist from Auburn.
4(Hi9:i.
TKAiMiAiiKN, F., Hozeman, Mont. : Speci-
mens of hismnthinite, stephanite, and
cdrundum from Montana. Kxchange.
40130.
TKASK,^Irs. Blanche, Aval<»n,(al.: Four
specimens «»f Cotyledons from Califor-
nia (39S52); reccivcil thnnigli I>ei)art-
mcnt of Agriculture. 5 plants from San
( Memente Island, ('alitornial 10240); 84
plants (j)unhasc) ( 4(H) 10 i; spt"cimen of
7//A*/////a/'///f////'/(ial)l)(40714) ; lOjilants
fnnn Caiifornia (40t>23; 412(K)): 4 ma-
rine shells from California (4104<)K
(See also under Department of Agri-
culture.)
Tkki.kask, Dr. William, Missouri liotan-
ical (Jarden, St. Louis, Mo.: Spet-imen
of A'/itrc miH'visl. '.VM)fV,].
Thinj; MrsKCM, Tring. Kngland. (Se4»
under R. II. IUmU.)
Tin K, Dr. F. \V., C. S. National Museum:
Plant from Maine. ;5«»SS:i.
TsrciiiDA, T., Zoological lAlx>rator>-,
Misaki, Ja[>an: Ilodenti; and small
niammalH from Jajian. (40137; 41033.)
Punthase.
TrRiN, Italy, Royal Muhki'm: Received
through Dr. Pietro Prever. Speciinen{>
of fossil Nummulites and Orbitoideti.
Exchange. 40256.
rLRicH, E. O., U. S. Geological Survey:
About 1,250 species of Paleozoic plantt^,
corals, echin(Klerms, pteropo<ls, aad
cnistaceans, including about 180 tyi)e
lots and 10,000 specimens (purchase)
(39866); meteorite from Christian
County, Ky. (purchase) L. I*. X.
(40543); about 75,000 specimens of f«B»-
sil hryozoans representing about l,2iW
sjiecies, with nearly 670 types (pur-
chase) (41170); crinoids, bryozi^ns,
brachiopods, an<l trilobites, represent-
ing princiimlly the Lower Silurian
system of the Mississippi Valley (pur-
ciias<') L. P. X. (41180).
rNnKRW(K)n, John, Washington, D. C:
Spi»n(rer rifle. I^^r(•hase. 40050.
rxiTEo States Mint, Philadelphia, Pa.:
licH-eived through (ieorge E. Robertj*,
director. Bronze memorial medal of
I*n»sident McKinley, and a bronze cojh
iwr medal of Lieut. Victor Blue. Pur-
chase'. 40311.
Fnited States National Museum: The
following models were ma<1e in the
AnthroiK)logicral I^lx)ratorii'8: Plaster
cast of Egyptian scarab (39765); model
of a ( 'hinese musical instrument (34749) ;
model in plaster of a Mexican collar or
yoke (30750); model of drilled ceremo-
nial butterfly and models of a polishe*!
stone knife and a stone club (39751):
moilel of an arghool (39825); four
models of a Jouet (40072); three pUi»-
ter casts of a large Mexican idol and
three plaster casts of a small Mexican
i<lol (40145); two models of the *' Tower
of Silence" (40158); four casts of Cofta
Kican metate (402.'W); four casts of a
stoiM* yoke fnmi Mexico (40235); two
(•(>pii«s of a large whistle (Spapakuilla)
aiul ;i copy of a double reeil (40241);
model of a marine trumpet (40261);
three ciL^ts of a stone yoke (4028rt);
t\v(» casts of Htone "IVilmas** (40287);
LIST OF ACCESSIONS.
189
\\TB* National Muhki'm— Con-
I.
tH of **I5ear Mother** (40:i06);
heail, (tuit and i»ainte(l
four caHtM of Owta Kii*aii
(40366); four c^to froDi
ed saiidBtone block (40381);
» of Porto Rii^n collar (40397) ;
3tri of a stone collar (40549);
d twocantflof the I^ansing skull
four canttf or carved ptone
from Nicaragua (40598); four
stone **(fod of Water** from
(40599); four cast** of stone
)620) ; four cafltH of a stone head
four castii of an Kfiiffv vane
, four catftH of a large stone
(4065<)) ; four ca^ts of a stone
•ni Ecuador (40<557); fournio<i-
[)ages flute or flageolet (40761 ) ;
d ca*'t of marble bust of Prof.
i. Morse (40777); plaster cast
len handle for stone hatchet
he B. E. Doilge colleirticm
; copy of flute (40822); set of
gambling dice (40880); two
horn rattles (40865) ; moilel of
t i^noe (40?K)o); Sioux shot
)907); l)Owl and nix dice used
Senei'a Indian gambling ))one
10916); ca*<t of stone sculpture
uman female ligure (40917);
)f oljmlete SeiK»ca implements
"itten history of each (40939);
•dels of ol)solete implements
the kSenei-a Indians (40974);
human figure (40t)79); ciist of
ligure (40t)80) ; cast of human
40981); cast of carve<l stone
40982); cast of trip<Ki vasi»
; cast of piiK» (411K)4); cast of
10(i5); cast of largt» ol)sidian
(41223).
Dr. W. II., Cleveland, Ohio,
undreil sjHM'imcnsof KurojH'an
»ra and h4 siKM'imens (►f Lcpi-
, 40070.
•RTJ, E. C, New York City:
.nts from <ruatcmala. 3971."),
ix, II. E., Wnshingtcui, I>. C. :
ster shells from Tcrre Bonne
uisiana. 40405.
Van Dykb, Dr. E. C, Eaat Oakland,
Cal.: Thn*e hundred and twehtv-six
si)eciinens of insects, including Diptera,
Coleoptera, 1 1 y menoptera, Lepidoptera,
and other onlers. 39655.
VAr«iiAN, T. VVayland, U. 8. Geological
Survey: Six tspecies of land shells from
Salt Mountain, Alabania. 39593. (See
under Interior Department, U. S. Geo-
logical Survey. )
Veitch, James, and Sons, Royal Exotic
Nursery, Chelsea, England: Six hun-
dred and fifty-nine plants from China.
40482.
Venable, E. p., Vernon, British Colum-
bia: Seven speed mens of IIvmenoptt»ra.
40415.
Verrill, a. H., New Haven, C/onn.:
Fi f ty specimens of 1 ^pidoptera. 40091 .
Very, C. F., Big Clifty, Ky.: Samples of
asphalt from Kentucky. 40299.
Vienna, Ai:stria, K. K. NATrRniaroRi-
scHEsIIoFMrsErM: One hundre<l speci-
mens of Oyptogams from Europe
(39706); 115 si)ecimens of Kryptogamir
ext^icaiUr, Cent. VIII (4073:^). Ex-
change.
Wadsworth, H. E. (See under Smith-
sonian Institution, Bureau of Eth-
nology. )
Walcott, Hon. C. I)., Director V. S.
(leological Survey: Snake (Eutwnui m-
f/rmix), from (irand Cailon, Arizona
(40977); s|)e<Mmen of Middle Carlion-
iferous sandstone slab with reptile
tracks, <*oIle<*tcHl on the Grand View
trail. Grand (.'ail(m, Arizona, by Mr.
Walcott (41094). (See under Interior
I)ei>artment^ U.S. (ieological Sur\'ey.)
W AU'oTT, Mrs. H. L. T., Claremont, Cal. :
Twenty-live siK»cimens of land-shells
from California. 40750.
Walker, Dr. K. L., Carnegie, Pa.: Fer-
ruginous concH'ticms an<l g(H)logical
siK'cimens (40728; 40799).
Wallin(j, W. p., (\»mer, Oreg.: Sj^ci-
men of arsi'nopyrite, or mispickel,and
arsenide of iron. 40t)61.
\Vau»ole, F. a. (S<»eunder Depiirtment
of Agriculture. )
W.\i>*n, Harry, Washington, I). C.: Two
lire Htitrks. 4050«;.
140
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Walah, Dr. John, Washington, I). C:
Ten skulls and two lower jaws of
Kskini(»s from Greenland, and a piece of
a vertebra. 39976.
War Department, received through
Quartermaster-General Ludington, U.
S. A. Two United StaU»8 Army regu-
lation rificH (404.'iO); receive<l through
Brig. (ieii. William Crozier, chief of
Ordnance Department, coUecticm of
models of ol)Holete ortlnaiure ami ord-
nance stores (40848). Deposit.
Annif Mf'dintl Mujtftim: Instruments for
tem|)orary use in physical anthro-
pology. Ijo&n. 8439.
Ward, Charles G., Rochester, N. Y. :
Cast of the interior of brain cavity of
the Neanderthal skull. Pur(!hase.
40782.
Ward, II. A., Chicago, 111.: Meteorite
from AlepjM), Syria (purchase) ( 39940) ;
meteorite from Baratta, New f>outh
Wales (purchase) (40009); meteorite
from (iilgoin station, New South AVales
( exchange ) ( 40086 ) ; slab of a meteorite
from Arispe, Sonora, Mexico (pur-
chase ) L. P. X . ( 40297 ) ; meteorite from
Bath Furnace, Kentucky (exchange)
(40587); two meteorites (exchange)
(4070.*)); meteorite from Majalahti,
Finland, weighing 34() gnims (ex-
change) (407(>4).
Ward, Rowland (Limited), London,
Kngland: Spe<*imen of Norwegian elk,
Parnlven ( 40783 ) ; giraffe ( (i'miffa ) from
the northern j)art of Lake Baringo
(40790). Pnrchasc\ L. P. X.
Wahd's Natihal Science Kstablish-
MKNT, HochcHtcr, N. Y.: Trilo])ite ( /^o-
tdnn) and a cyst id from Trenton Falls,
New Y<>rk (39745); ])an<led diabase
dike in granite from Norway, Maine;
orl)iculardioritefrom ('orsi<'a; porphy-
ritic diabas<' from Sault Stc. Marie,
Canada (39848); skeleton of Rhva, or
South American ostricli (40151); 3
sf>ecimensof (juartz ( L. P. X.) (40^)72);
skin of Plat If pus and v\i^ of Ajtteri/.v
(L. P. X.) (4074.S); II cast.sof meteor-
itt*s (41045). Purchase.
Warmhath, J. S., Wilmington, Mass. :
Eight adult and young (Ireenland
hares, 3 white foxes and 2 blue foxes
Warmbath, J. 8. — Continned.
(40024); 5 young Arctic hares (40119).
Purchase.
Warner, W. V., Washington, B.C.: Six
sixicimens of Culex gignifer Coq. 40512.
Warrex, E. R., Colorado Springs, Colo.:
Plants from Colorado: 26 photographs
of plants. 40634.*
Washixoton, Dr. H. S., I.,ocust Cirove,
N. J.: Two si)ecimens of iron ore.
40727.
Waters, Dr. C. E., John Hopkins Uni-
versity, I^ltimore, Md.: Specimen of
Corallor hiza (39832); 3 plants from
Hampton, Maryland (40185); 15planti»
principally collected in Marylanil
(40370.)
Watkixs, W. G., Grizzly Flats, CaL:
Twenty-two ferns from California
(39690; 40519; 40700. )
Weaver, J. M., Riley ville, Va.: Speci-
men of Neuropteron, Corydaluf cogiuita
Hagen. 39815.
AVeber, J. H., Oroville, Cal.: Specimen
of argentiferous-auriferous copper from
Josephine C-ounty, Oregon. 40734.
Webster, Prof. F. M., Urbana, III: Re-
ceived through Department of Agricul-
ture. Specimens of parasitic Hymen-
optera. 39818.
Weed, Prof. W. H., IT. S. Geological
Survey: Two specimens of Mexican
])ines, 40697.
Weeks, F. B. (See under Interior De-
partment, I-. S. Geological Survey.)
Weiss, L. M., Good Hope Mine, Vulcan.
Colo.: Ten specimens of native tellu-
rium and copper telluride from (too<1
lIoi>e Mine. 40631.
AVelus, Mrs. James H. (See under Mff.
.Marv Hrvson. )
Wenzel, H. W., Philadelphia, Pa.: Six-
teen si>ecimens of Coleoptera. 40012.
Wesley, William <& Son, London, Eng-
land: (Jraphometer and a hydrome-
ter. Punhase. 4a525.
WuKATON, Mrs. F. G. (See under Mn».
F. (i. d'Naut ville.)
Wheelkk, W. M., University of Texas
.\ list in, Tex.: Ten reptiles from Texas.
4()r)S().
LIST OF ACCESSIONS.
141
Professor. ( See under H ubert
Clark. )
1, C11ARLE8 L.) Hamilton, Ohio:
[I through Janiefl W. See. Span-
i press electrotype from Cuba.
rPAix), VVatonga, Okla. : Chey-
ir bonnet. Purchase, L. P. X.
'r. C. A., Washington, D. C:
(cimens of clover from Plurope
erica. 40266.
AVID, V. S. Geological Survey:
K^imens of ferns from Pennsyl-
59810); specimens of bitumi-
il from Ohio and West Virginia
; 3plant8 from Virginia (40367) ;
fxik from Mahoning, Annstrong
Pa. (40892); skull of Pine
MicTohis pinetorunif from Web-
ings, W. Va. (41108).
2, MissC. R., Richfield Springs,
Plant. 39667.
J., Maryland A(«demy of Sci-
ialtimore, Md.: Three sj^ci-
Oriskany corals from Cumber-
d. 40277.
li, G. W., Klk City, Idaho:
'US of kaolin. 41061.
, Charles F., New York City:
si)ecimenH (10 species) of Ter-
isils from an asphalt mine, Mina
Elmira, near Bejucal, i)rovince
na, Cuba. 39849.
r. F., Washington, D. C: Two
1 and sixty-six plants from Cal-
40125. (See also under De-
it of Agriculture. )
Miss Ethel, Florahome, Fla. :
une<l minature of the brother
ral Ripley. Loan. 8070.
Prof. Frank A., Universitv of
)akota, Grand Forks, N. Dak.:
ipecimens of Uiiio priscuny and
cimens of Oimprfoma produvta;
^il plants. 40080.
N, D. F., Montevallo, Ala.: Al-
jirrel (Sdvrvx). 40751.
, T. A. (See under I)ej)art-
Agriculture. )
Wl LLIAMSBURG SCIENTIFIC SOCIBTY,
Brooklyn, N. Y.: Received through
Louis Kirsch, president. Two speci-
mens of cut and polished golden topaz
(exchange) (39644); five cut and pol-
ished amethysts (gift) (39713.)
Williamson, Prof. E. B., Bluffton, Ind.:
Six specimens of dragon flies (40530);
fragments of three species of Cambaras
from near Bluffton (39763) ; two speci-
mens of Crayfish {dtmhanis bJandm-
ffii acutus) from Wells County, Ind.
(40984).
Willis, Bailey. (See under Interior
Department, U. S. Geological Survey.)
WlLMER, Col. L. WORTHINGTON, Rydc,
England: One hundred and twenty-
five specimens (66 species) of Tertiary
fossils from Barton, England. 41212.
Wilson, Rev. G. A. (See under Miss
Mary A. Mead.)
WiNSBORO Granite Company, Rion, S. C. :
Two dressed cubes of granite. 40715.
Wise, A. S. (See under J. II. Bunnell
&Co.)
WonLBOLi), J. (Charles. (See under
Smithsonian Institution. )
Wou'orr, Rohekt H., University of Ne-
braska, Lincoln, Nebr. : Collection of
mites. 40117.
Woltz, George, IT. S. National Museum:
Tin whistle. 4(X)88.
Wooi>, J. Medley. (Set^ under Durban,
Natal, Africa.)
Wood, N. R., U. S. National Museum:
Twelve birds. 39981.
WooDRow, (ioRDON B., Lowcsvillc, Va. :
Sj>ecimens of amethyst crystals. 39875.
WooDRiFF, Maj., C. K., U. S. A., Batan-
gas, P. I.: Filipino fire-syringe. 40778.
Woodward, A. Smith. (See under Lon-
don, Englaml, British Museum. )
Woodward, Dr. R. M., AVashington,
1). C. : Collection of mound-builders'
relics. 40149.
WooDwoRTH, F. A., San Francis(!o, Cal.:
Twenty-five specimens (six species) of
land-shells fn^m California (40946); 40
specimens of Viirea drnpamaldi Beck,
from San Francisco (41074).
142
KK1H>RT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1U03.
W<x>i)w<)KTii, Dr. W. McM. (See under
MuHcum of Ck>ini>arative Zoology. )
WooLHON, Miss (i. A., IMttefoixl, Vt:
Tree-froR. 39879.
WoRCKSTER, Hon. Dean C, setTetary of
the interior, Manila, I*. I.: Two hun-
dre<l and seventy-nine photographs of
native Filipinos. 39994.
WoRTHKN, C. K., Warsaw, 111.: Pair of
Harris Cormorants ( 404^2 ) ; Black l)ear,
UrsfUfft mericanum (4(M>15). Purchase.
L. P. X.
Wren, Christopher, Plymouth, Pa.:
Specimen of basanite, used by Indians
in making implements. 40282.
Wrenn, A. C. (See under Navy DejMirt-
ment, Bureau of P^juipment. )
Wrkjht, l*rof. Albert T., OlKjrliu Col-
lege, ()l)erlin, Ohio: Two siwcimens of
dragon-ilieH and a Siali<l, fn>m Japan.
402(50.
Wycoff, K. L., Port Townnend, Wash.:
Receiveil through the Department of
Agriculture. Five plants from Wash-
ington. 40141.
Yale I niverwitv Mtskim, New Haven,
Conn.: Keceivetl through Dr. C. K.
Beecher. I^rge slab with 18 line
Yale Univermty Mtsecm — Continual.
si)ei'imensc»f Mflonites from the St. \/m
limestone, at St. Louis, Mo., and i:>»
siHH'imens (25spt?cie8) of Staffonl iiim-
stone fossils from Ix^roy and Batavia,
N. Y. 40648.
Yeateh, W. S., Atlanta, Ga.: GtHjlogical
specimens. 398(i9.
YouN(i, William, Detroit, Mich.: Stone
implements and a water-worn siiecimHi
of a cyathophylloid coral. Exchangf.
39937.
YoL'N(j Brothers, Cartersville, (ia.:
Mole cricket, GryllvkUpa horeali* Bonn.
398:^.
Zaleski, S. L., Fish Springs, Utah: Two
sj>ecimensof Ynccii (j'dbertiaim an<l thrt*
other plants. (40265; 40316.)
Zeis, Carl C, Fre<lalba Park, Cal.:
lieptiU»s and inse<*ts from San IWr-
nardino Mountains, California (40825 1;
sixK'imen of an orthopteron (40971).
ZoLLiKoFER, K. H., St. Galleu, Switzer-
land: Seventy mammal skins fnuii
Switzerlan<l and 5 l)at« fnmi (iretnt;
(41034); 102 mammals from Switzer-
land (401.36). Purclia«e.
APPENDIX III.
Bibliography, 1902-3.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE MUSEU^I.
AHinTAL BEPOBT.
Annual Report | of the | Boanl of Re-
gents I of the I SmithKonian Institu-
tion, I showing I the operationp, ex-
penclitures, and condition | of the Insti-
tution I for the I year ending June 30,
1900. I — I Report | of the | U. S. Na-
tional Museum. | — | Washinj^ton: |
Government Printing Office. | 1902.
8VO.. pp. I-XVI, 1-738, pis. 122, U'.xt figs.
126.
PSOCESBIHQB.
Smithsonian Institution. | United States
National Museum. | — | Procee<ling8 |
of the I United States National Mupe-
um. I — I Volume XXIV. | — | Pub-
linhed under the direction of the Smith-
^<onian Institution. | — | Washington:
Government Printing Office. | 1902. |
8vo, pp. I-XV, 1-971, pis. l-^Ci, ttJXt figs.
138.
BULLETDI.
The Birds | of | North and Middle Amer-
ica: I A Desc^riptive Catalogue | of the |
Higher Groups, Genera, Species, and
Subspecies of Birds | known to occur in
North America, from the | Arctic Lands
to the Isthmus of Panama, | the West
Indies and other islands | of the Caril)-
l)ean Sea, and the | (.vulapagos Archi-
pelago. I By I Rf>l)ert Ridgway, | Cura-
tor, Division of Binls. | — | Part II.
Family Tanagrida>— The Tanagers. |
Family Icteridse — The Troupials. |
Family Coerebidse — The Honey Creep-
er. I Family Mniotiltidai— The Wood
Warblers. | — | Washington: | Gov-
ernment Printing Office. | 1902. |
Bulletin 50, Part II, 8vo, pp. I-XX, 1-884,
pis. I-XXII.
A List I of I North American Lepidopte-
ra I and | Key to the Literature of this
I Order of Insects. | By | Harrison G.
Dyar, Ph. D., | Custodian of Lepidop-
tera, United States National Museum,
I assisted by | C. H. Fernald, Ph. D.,
the late Rev. George I). Hulst, | and
August Busck. I — I AVashington: |
Government Printing Office. | 1902.
Bulletin 5"2, hvo., pp. I-XIX, 1-723.
REPRIKT.
.V Preliminary Catalogue | of the | Shell-
bearinjr Marine ^lollnsks and Brai;hio-
pods I of the I Southeastern Coast of
the United States, | with illustrations
oi many of the speciew. | By | AVilliam
liealey Dall, A. M., | Honorary Cura-
tor Division of Mollusks, U. S. National
Musi»um. I — I Reprint | To which are
added twenty-one plates [with expla-
nations, and a supplementary list of
sjjecies] not in the e<lition of 1889. | —
I Washingt<^m: | (government Printing
Office. I 1903.
Bulletin :i7, Svi.., jip. 1-232. pis. I-XCV.
COHTSXBUnOirB FBOM THE UNITED 8TATE8 NATIONAL HEKBASIUM.
VOLUME VIII.
Part 1. Studies of Mexican an<l Central Ameritran Plants*. Ky J. N. Rose. pp. 1-55,
pis. I-XII, text figs. 1-1 1.
Part 2. Economic Plants of Porto Rico. By O. K. Cook ami (i. N. Collins, pp.
57-269, pis. XIII-LX, text tigs. 1-13.
Part 3. A study of Certain Mexican and (iuatemalan Species of Pobfpodiam. By
WMlliam R. Maxon. pp. 271-280, pis. LXI, LXH.
144
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
PAFEB8 PUBLI8HEI) IH 8SPABATS FOBM.
FROM VOLUME 25, PROCEEDINOB OF THB U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
No. 1275.
No. 1276.
No. 1277.
No. 1278.
No. 1279.
No. 1280.
No. 1281.
No. 1282.
No. 128:^.
No. 1284.
No. 12.S5.
No. 1286.
A list of the beetles of the Dis-
trict of Columbia. By
Henry Ulke. pp. 1-57.
Some new South American
birds. By Harry C. Ober-
holser. pp. 59-68.
The Casas Grandes meteorite.
By Wirt Tassin. pp. 69-74,
pis. i-iv.
A review of the Oplegnathoid
fishes of Japan. By David
Starr Jordan and Henry W.
Fowler, pp. 75-78.
Descriptions of two new species
of Squaloid sharks from Ja-
pan. By David Starr Jordan
and John Otterbein Snyder,
pp. 79-81, figs. 1, 2.
New diptera from North Amer-
ica. By D. W. Co<iuillett.
pp. 83-126.
List of birds eollerte<i by Wil-
liam T. Foster in Paraguay.
By Harry C. Oberholser.
pp. 127-147.
The reptiles of the Huachuca
Mountains, Arizona. By
Leonhard Stejneger. pp.
149-158.
Contributions toward a mono-
graph of the h'pidopterous
faniilv Noctuida' of Boreal
North America. A revision
of the moths referred to
the y:vnu8 Jji'urfmid^ with de-
scription of new S]>ecies. By
John B. Smith, pp. 151)-
209, pis. v-vi.
A list of spiders collecttHi in
Arizona bv Messrs. Schwarz
and Barber during the sum-
mer of 1901. Bv Nathan
Banks, pp. 211-221, pi. vii.
Observations on the crustattcan
fauna of the region about
Maumioth Cave, Kentucky.
By William Perry Hay. i>p.
223-236, fig. 1.
The Ocelot cats. By iMlgar A.
Mearns. pp. 237-249.
No. 1287. A review of the trigger-fishes,
file-fishes, and trunk-fishes
of Japan. By David Starr
Jordan and Henrv W. Fow-
ler. pp. 251-286, figs. M.
No. 1288. Birds collected bv Dr. AV. L.
Abbott and Mr. C. B. Kk>s?
in the Andaman and Niro-
bar islands. By Charles AV.
Richmond, pp. 287-314.
No. 1289. Notes on a collection of fishes
from the island of Formosu
By David Starr Jordan and
Barton Warren Evermann.
pp. 315-368, figs. 1-29.
No. 1290. Descriptions of the larva of
some moths from Coloratlo.
By Harrison G. Dyar. pp.
369-412.
No. 1291. A re\aew of the cling-fishes
(Gobiesocidffi) of the waters
of Japan. By David Starr
Jordan and Henry W. Fow-
ler, pp. 413-416, fig. 1.
No. 1292. Observations on the crustacean
fauna of Nickajack Cave,
Tennessee, and vicinity. By
William Perry Hay. pp.
417-439, figs. 1-8.
No. 1293. A review of the Blennoid fishes
of Japan. By David Stan-
Jordan and John Otterbein
Snyder, pp. 441-504, figs.
1-28.
Nos. 1294 and 1295. A new fresh-water
isopod of the genus Mam^-
xdhis from Indiana, and a
new terrestrial isopod of the
genus Pseudarmadillo from
Cuba. By Harriet Richarrl-
son. pp. 505-511, figs. 1-4
and 1-4.
No. 1296. A review of the Chjetodontidff
and related families of fiehes
found in the waters of Japan.
By David Starr Jordan and
Henry W. Fowler, pp. 513-
563, figs. 1-6.
BIBLIOGBAPHT.
145
1297. The relationship and osteology
of the Caproid fishes or
Antigoniidse. By Edwin
Chapin Starks. pp. 565-572,
figs. 1-3.
1298. Notes on little-known Japanese
fishes, with description of a
new species of Aboma. By
David Starr Jordan and
Henry W. Fowler, pp. 573-
576, fig. 1.
1299. Cambrian Brachiopoda: Acra-
ireta; LinnarswneiUi; Obolus;
with descriptions of new spe-
cies. By Charles D. Wal-
cott. pp. 577-612.
1900. On certain species of fishes
confused with Bryostemma
polyadocephalum. By David
Starr Jordan arid John Ot-
terbein Snyder, pp. 613-
618, figs. 1-3.
1301. The shoulder girdle and char-
acteristic osteology of the
Hemibranchiate fishes. By
Edwin Chapin Starks. pp.
619-634, figs. 1-6.
No. 1302. North American parasitic cope-
pods of the family Argulidie,
with a bibliography of the
group and a systematic re-
view of all known species.
By Charles Branch Wilson,
pp. 635-742, pis. viii-xxvii,
figs. 1-23.
No. 1303. A review of the Ophidioid fishes
of Japan. By David Starr
Jordan and Henry W.
Fowler, pp. 743-766, figs.
1-6.
No. 1304. A revision of the American
moths of the family Gele-
chiidiu, with descriptions of
new species. By August
Busck. pp. 767-938, pis.
IXVIII-XXXII.
No. 1305. A review of the dragonets (Cal-
lionymidip) and related
fishi»« of the waters of Japan.
'By David Starr Jon Ian and
Henr\' \V. Fowler, pp. 939-
959, fijvs. 1-9.
FBOM VOLUME 26, PBOCEEDING8 OF THE U. H. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
1306. A review of the Berycoid fishes
of Japan. By Davi<i Starr
Jordan and Henry W. Fow-
ler, pp. 1-21, figs. 1-4.
1307. Japanese stalk-eyed crusta-
ceans. By Mary J. Rath-
bun, pp. 23-55, figs. 1-24.
1308. A review of the Hemibranchi-
ate fishes of Japan. By
David Starr Jordan and Ed-
win Chapin Starks. pp. 57-
73, figs. 1-3.
1309. Descriptions of new species of
Hawaiian cra))s. By Mary
J. Rathbun. pp. 75-77, figs.
1-3.
1310. Contribution to a monograph
of the insects of the order
Thysanoptera inhabiting
North America. Bv War-
ren Elmer Hinds, pp. 79-
242, pis. i-xi, text figs. 1-127.
NAT HUB 1903 10
No. 1311. DeHcription of a new genuH and
46 new siKJciew of crusta-
ceans of the family (laiathe-
ida* with a list of the known
marine speiies. By James
E. Bent^ict. pp. 243-334,
figs. 1-47.
No. 1312. Synopsis of the family Veneri-
(Ite of the North American
recent 8i)ecies. By William
Healy Dall. i>p' 3:^5-412,
pis. XII-XVI.
No. 1313. On the lower Devonic and On-
taric formations of Mary-
land. By Charles Schu-
chert. pp. 4K^424.
No. 1314. Observations on the num}>er of
younjr of the I^siurine bats.
By Marcus Ward Lyon, jr.
pp. 425-426, pi. XV 11.
No. 1315. Note on the 8t»a anemone. Sa-
ga rt in jHujnri Verrill. By
J. Playfair McMurrich. pp.
427-428, figs. 1, 2.
146
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
No. 1316. On a small collection of crusta-
ceans from the island of
Cuba. By William Perry
Hay. pp. 429-435, figs. 1-3.
No. 1317. Mamuials collect eil by Dr. W.
L. Abbott on the coast and
islands of northwest Suma-
tra. By Gerrit S. Miller, jr.
pp. 437-484, pis. xviii-xix,
1 map.
No. 1318. Birds collected by Dr. W. L.
Abbott on the coast and
islands of north wt»8t Suma-
tra. By Charles W. Rich-
mond, pp. 485-524, 1 map.
No. 1319. A review of the Synentogna-
thous fishes of Japan. By
David Starr Jordan and Ed-
win Chapin Starks. pp.
525-544. figs. 1-3.
No. 1320. Notes on the osteology and re-
lationship of the fossil binis
of the genera Ilesperoruin,
IlaryerUtj Fiaptornii<y and Dia-
trymti. By Frederic; A. Lu-
cas, pp. 545-556, figs. 1-8.
No. 1321. Rediscovery of one of Hoi-
brook's Salaman<lers. By
Leonhard Stejneger. pp.
557-558.
No. 1322. A new Procelsterna from the
Leeward Islands, Hawaiian
grouj). By Walter K.Fisher.
])p. 559-563.
No. 1323. The structural features of the
bryozoau genus JJomotri/jHi,
with descriptions of species
from t hi' Ci ncinnatian group.
J^y Ray S. Bassler. pp. 565-
591, pis. xx-xxv.
No. 1324. A review of the Elasmobran-
chiate fishes of Japan. By
David Starr Jordan and
Henry W. Fowler, pp. 593-
674, pis. xxvi-xxvii, fig?.
1-10.
No. 1325. The c^erebral fiaearee of the At-
lantic walrus. By Pierre A.
Fish. pp. 675-688, pis.
XXVIII-XXIX.
No. 1326. Description of a new species of
sculpin from Japan. By
David Starr Jordan and Ed-
win Chapm Starks. pp.
689-690, fig. 1.
No. 1327. On the identification of a spe-
cies of eucalyptus from the
Philippines. By Joseph
Henry Maiden, pp. 691-
692.
No. 1328. Supplementary note on BUek-
erin miitukurii and on certain
Japanese fishes. By David
Starr Jordan, pp. 693-696,
pi. XXX, figs. 1-3.
No. 1329. The use of the name *' torpedo"
for the electric catfish. Bv
Theodore Gill. pp. 697-698.
No. 11^0. A review of the Cepolidie or
band-fishes of Japan. By
David Starr Jordan and
Henry W. Fowler, pp. 699-
702, fig. 1.
No. 1331. A genealogic stady of dragon-
fiy wing venation. By James
(J. Needham. pp. 703-764,
pis. xxxi-uv, figs. 1-44.
No. 1332. A review of the Cobitidse or
loaches of the rivers of Japan.
By David Starr Jordan and
H enry W . Fo wler . pp. 76&-
774, figs. 1, 2.
BIBLIOORAPHT.
147
FROM BULLETIN 39.
Fiart Q. Instmctions to collectors of historical and anthropological specimens.
(Especially designed for collectors in the insular possessions of the United States.)
By William Henry Holmes and Otis Tufton Mason, pp. [1]-[16].
PAPERS BY OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM AND OTHERS, BASED
WHOLLY OR IN PART UPON THE NATIONAL COLLECTIONS.
ADLER, Cyrus. [Address on muse-
ums.]
Addresses delivered at the formal opening
of the .Stmitic Museum of Hansard Univer-
sity. Cambridge, 1903, pp. 14-18.
ALLEN, J. A.; BANGS, Outram; EV-
ERMANN, Barton Warren; GILL,
Theodore; HOWELL, Arthur H.;
JORDAN, David Starr; MERRIAM,
C. Hart; MILLER, Gerrit S., Jr.;
NELSON, E.W.; RATHBUN,Mary J.
and THOMAS, Oldfield. A method
of fixing the type in certain genera.
Scienee (new series), xvi, No. 394, July 18,
1902. pp. 114-115.
When no type Is indicated, but the name
of an inchided species is used for the new
generic name, that species shall l>e regarded
as the type.
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS'
UNION COMMITTEE ON NOMEN-
CLATURE. Eleventh Supplement to
the American Ornithoh^giflts' Union
Check List of North American Birde.
yluJIr, XIX, No. 3, July, 1902, pp. 315-343.
A list of about 120 cases, involving changes
of nomenclature or additions to the Check
IJst of North American Birds, acted on by the
Cr>mmlttee on Nomenclature at a meeting
held in Washington, Apr. 17-23, 1902.
ASHMEAD, William H. Clai«ification
of fossorial, predaceons, and parasitic
wai9|)e, or the 8U])erfamily Vespoidea.
(Paper No. 6.)
Canadian Entomologist, xxxiv, July, 1902,
pp. 1«3-16C.
Treats of the family Vespidw, which is
divided into two subfamilies, the Vespiiiseand
the Polistina-. In all 17 genera are tabulated.
Classification of the foseorial, pre-
da<reous, and parasitic wasps, or the
subfamily Vespoidea. (Paper No. 7.)
(Xinadian Entomologist, XX xiv, Aug., 1902,
pp. 203-210.
Treat** of the family Eumenidse, which is
divided into four subfamilies, viz: (1) Ischno-
gasterinse, (2) Discoelinse. (3) Raphigloosinte,
and (4) Eumeninar. T\^e subfamily Eumen-
iuw is a^ain divided into three tribes: Eume-
ASHMEAD, William H.— Continued,
nini, Odynerini, and Alastorinl. In all 38
genera are tabulate<l, two of which, Micreu-
mencs and Monobidla, are new.
Classification of the fossorial, pre-
daceons, and parasitic wasps, or the
subfamily Vespoidea. (Paper No. 8.)
Canadian Entomologist, xxxiv, Sept., 1902,
pp. 219-231.
Treats of the families Masaridse and Chry-
sididae. The Masaridte arc divided into two
tribes, the Masarini and the Euparagini.
Twelve genera are tabulated, one, Pseudoina-
saris, toeing new. The family ChrysididaB is
divided into seven subfamilies: (1) Pamo-
pinae, (2) ChrysidinsB, (3) Hedychrinse, (4)
Elampinee, (5) Allocoelinse, (6) Cleptlnee,
and (7) Ameseginse. In all, 39 genera are
tabulated, of which number two, Psrudoma-
lus and Mesitlopterus, are new. Two new spe-
cies of Mesitlopterus, M. kahlil and M, town-
stndi, arc described.
Classific^ation of the fossorial, pre-
daceons, and parasitic wasps, or the
superfamily Vespoidea. ( Paper No. 9. )
Canadian Eni(»nologist, xxxiv, Oct., 1902,
pp. 2r»M-272.
Treatj^of the family Bethylida> which is
divided into three subfamilies. Th« first
subfamily or the Bethylinie is then taken up,
one genus, Probethylus, being new.
The Hymenopterous parasites of
Phenacoccus carallm Cockerell.
Canadian Entomologist, xxxiv, Dec., 1902,
pp. 301-302.
Lists four species of hymenopterous para-
sites from this coccid, two. Blepyrus phcna-
cocci and Tetrastichns blepyri, being new.
Xanihttencyrtus nigroclavus, the type of a
new genus, is also described.
Classification of the fossorial, pre-
daceous, and parasitic wasps, or the
subfamily Vespoidea. (Paper No. 10. )
Canadian Entomologist, xxxiv, Dec. 1902,
pp. 287-293.
Treats of the remaining subfamilies of the
Bethylidse, the Emboleminie, and the Dryi-
ninas also of the family Trigonalidie.
Mr. Ashmead places in the Emboleminee
Cameron's genus Olixon, which was described
as a Braconid.
148
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM^ 1903.
ASHMEAD, William H. (Wopnlea ver-
sus Agenioxenuif.
Ent. yru'«, XIII, Dec, 1902, p. 318.
Refutea-Mr. Verick'8 views that Affenioxmus
Axhmead is 8ynon>inous with Ccropaleti
Latreille.
ClaaBification of the foeeorial, pre-
daoeous, and parasitic wasps, or the
superfaniilv Vespoidea. (Pai)er No.
11.)
Canadian Entouutlogitt, xxxv, Jan., 1903.
pp. 3-8.
Treats of the familie:* Sapygida. Myzini-
d», and Scoliidae. Four goiuTa art* tabu-
latoil in the 8apygid» and ten genera in the
Myzinidje. The Scoliida; are divided into
two subfamilien, the Scoliinaj and the Elidi-
ng. Eight genera are tabulated, one, Tet-
rascolia, being new.
Classi illation of the pointed-tailed
wa.»<p, or the superfamily Proctotypoi-
dea (I).
Jtturn. y*w York Ent. Soc., X, Dec., 1902.
(Published Jan., 1903), pp. 240-247.
Mr. Ashmead divider the RUi>erfamily into
eight families and tabulates the genera of
the IVlecinidap, Helorida', and Belytidai.
Twenty-eight genera are charaeterized.
Classification of the fossorial, pro-
daceoiiH and parasitic wa.s|>s, or the
snpt'rfamilv Ve8iK>idea. (Paper No.
12.)
nuKiduxn Kntomolo(;iitt, xxxv, Feb., 1903,
pp. 3«M4.
Treat.H of the families Tiphiida-, ('oHilidu'.
and Khof>al«>f*omidii". In the Tiphiidie fiv«:
penem are tabulated: in the Cosllidjf nine
genrra are recognize*!, oiu'. ImttiphUi, iK'ing
d<'.M<!ribe<l as new. Only a single genus is
known in the Rhoi>alosoinidii'.
Classification of the pill- wani^n ami
the parasitic Cynipoidea. ( I. )
/V7/c/*<. X. 1903, Jan.- Feb.. pp. 7-13.
Mr. .\>hnifad separates this superfamily
into two families, the Figitida' and tlu'Cyni-
pidie. The first is then divid<'d into six sub-
families: (1) Figitina.*, (2) Onychilna-. {\\\
.Viiacharinn", (h Liopteriiue. (o) Eucoilina-.
and (0) Xystiua-. Tables f(»r rerogniziug the
gein.'ra of the first three subfamilies are given,
in which 23 genera are tabulated, one genus.
Khffrria, iK'ing new.
[Review of] Si>ecios des Hynn*n-
opteres d'P^urope et d'Aljfcrie Ix.»s Mu-
tillides. - Par Eme*<t Andn'.
(Hnaditiu EntomolofjM, xxxv, Feb., VMU,
pp. v^-m.
Mr. Ashmead notices and reviews this work.
ASHMEAD, William H. [Keview of]
MoDographie dee Cynipides dT^arofH^
et d' Algerie. Par V Abbe J. J. Kieffer.
Pfyche, X, Feb., 1908, pp. 43-46.
This represents a review of this work l>y
Mr. Ashmead.
ClaaBlfication of the pointed-tailnl
wasps, or the super&mily Proctotn-
poidea. (II.)
Joum. y. V, EnL Soc., xi. Mar., 1908. pp.
28-35.
Treats of the families Diapriids and Cer-
aphronids. Two snbfamlliefi, Spilosmicriiix
and Diapriinse, are recognised in the Diaprii-
dsB, and 31 genera are tabulated. The Ctn-
phronidie are also divided into two Biibfam-
ilies, the Megaspilinie and the Ceraphroniiub.
13 genera being tabulated.
Cla88ifi(*ation of the foaaorial, piv-
daceous, and parasitic wasps, or the
superfamily Vespoidea. (Paper No.
13.)
Canadian Eniomologitt^ xxxv, Apr.. 19itV.
pp. 93-107.
Treats of the family Thynnids, which ii>
divided into three subfamilies: (1) Th.vn-
nidK; (2) Methocins, and (3) Rhagigasterinif:.
A table of the genera of the Thynninx S»
given in whleh 28 genera are eharaeteriK'^.
12 being new, namely, Thynnidca.ZafpiUAhtih-
ntis, Pscudaduruf, Gu€rinin9, Oephalttths/nnuf.
ITmtithynnuM, AeolothynnvSt Ptntdef^fyhojtUm,
Pycnothynnut, Kluffianut, Pmunmothynnu*.
and SpiJothynnu*.
Classification of the gall- wasps and
the parasitic Cjmipoids, or the super-
family Cynipoidea. II.
Putychf, vol. X, Apr., 1908, pp. 69-73.
Tn>atH of the subfamilies Liopterinar and
EneoilinsD. In the former 8 genera are tabu-
lat(Kl, in the latter 04 genera. Nine genera,
namely, Zamifchut, Tropidmcorta, Promht-
vioera, fhlonteucoila, TH99odontaitpi9, Dirtinteh.
Ziuut'ltein, Pseudaicoila, and Tbfrap/a^tfa, arc
deserilK'd a.** new.
A new Oryssid from Chatham It»-
lands, Bismarck Archipelago.
Pittfrhe, vol. X. Apr., 1903. p. 73.
I)eseril>es Opkrynopu$ schannitttlandi, new
si>eeie.«i.
Description of a new ApanteU*.
Trrh. Jiull. Xew Uampahire AffHc. Erp. Sta..
No. fi. iy03, p. 229.
I>eseribes Ajtanteln cUHocampH', new ep.
\ new genua in the Vespidse.
Ent. Xnvft, xiv, June, 1908, p, 182.
This new genus is* proposed for Vrtpa dcry-
fuiilt s Sanssure. eollected by Dr. W. L. Abbott
in Trong, Lower tiiam.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
149
ASH MEAD, William H. Two new
Hymenopterous paiusitee.
Eni. AVir*, xf V, June, 1908, pp. 192-198.
Dificribes Dryinu$ ormenidU end Cheiloneu-
rus fwezeyi, bred by Mr. Otto H. Sweaey, from
Classification of the fossorial,
predaceous, and parasitic wasps, or the
superfamily Vespoidea. (Paper No.
14.)
Canadian EntamciogUl, xxxT, June, 1908,
pp. 166-158.
Treats of the subfamilies Methooinee and
Rhagigasterinse. Eleven genera are tabu-
' lated, of which one Andreu9, frt>m Congo,
Africa, is described as new.
Classification of the pointed-tailed
wasps, or the superfamily Proctotry-
poidea. III.
Joum. N. Y. Eni. Soc., xi, June, 1908, pp.
86-99.
Treats of the families Scelionldee and Platy-
gasteridfie. The Bcelionidse are divided into
four subfamilies: (1) Telenominee. (2) Bsei-
nae, (3) Telcasina, and (4) Scelionina'. Forty-
one genera are tabulated, Cacellu* being a
new name for Cacus Riley, which is preoccu-
pied. The Platygasteridse are divided into
two subfamilies: (1) Inostemminse and (2)
Platygasterins. Twenty-five genera are tab-
ulated.
Some new genera in the Cynipoi-
dea.
Proe. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, 1908, pp. 221-222.
In this paper Mr. Ashmead briefly desoribeM
the 9 new genera indicated in Psyche, viz:
KieffcrUila, Zamischus, TropideiicoUa, Pro-
miomera, Odonleucoila, Trimodoniaspiit, IH-
rueoela, ZatucoUa, and Pirudeucoila.
Description of a new genus in the
Pireninse.
Indian Museum Notes, Calcutta, India, v,
1903, pp. 61-62.
Describes Ewycephalus aleocki.
The Homoptera of Alaska.
The Harriman Expedition, pp. 129-137.
Gives a list of the species found in Alaska
and describes several new species.
BAILEY, Florence Merrl\m. Hand-
book of Birds | of the | Western United
States I including | the Great Plains,
Great Basin, Pacific Slope, | and Lower
Rio Grande Valley | By Florence Mer-
riam Bailey | With thirty-three full-
page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes |
and over six hundred cuts in the text
I [Vignette] | Boston and New York
BAILEY, Florence Merriam — Cont'd.
Houghton, Mifflin and Company | The
Riverside Press, Cambridge | 1902.
12mo., pp. i-xc+ 1-512.
A systematic treatise of the birds of the
Western United States, with brief descrip-
tions of the various species, their nests and
eggs. The work is furnished with keys to
the higher groups, as well as to the genera
and species. Several local lists are included,
and extended biographical notices of the
more interesting species are given.
BANGS, OuTRAM. Description of a new
thrush from Chiriqui.
Proc. New England Zool.Club, in, Oct. 10,
1902, pp. 91-92.
Merula leurauchen cnephosa is a new sub-
species from the Volcan de Chiriqui.
A new race of Scotothorus veraepacis
from Chiriqui.
Proc. New England Zool. Club, iii, Feb. 6,
1903, pp. 103-104.
A new subspecies of Sc(Uotharus veratpacis
from Divala, Chiriqui, is de.M<'ribed as S. v
dumicola.
Description of a new subspecies of
Manacus candei ( Parzud. ).
Proc. New England Zool. Club, in, Feb. 6,
1903, pp. 105-106.
Manacus candei eleciilis in described as a
new subspecies from Ceiba, Honduras.
A new race of Vireostjlva josephse
from Chiriqui.
Proc. New England Zool. Club, iv, Mar. 24,
1903. pp. 9-10.
Vireojosepharchiriquiensis{p.9) is described
as new.
(See also under J. A. Allen. )
BANKS, Nathan. New genera and
species of Acarians.
Canadian Entonwlogisi, July, 1902, p. 171-
176. 4 figs.
Describes two new genera, and eight new
species. Three other genera are new to the
country-.
Notes on entomology.
Science (new series). July 25, 1902, pp.
154-156.
Reviews various recent papers.
The Common spiders of the United
States.
Canadian Entomologist, Aug.. 1902, p. 218.
Reviews this book by Prof. J. H. Enerton.
A list of spiders collected in Ari-
zona by Messrs. Schwarz and Barl)er
during the summer of 1901.
150
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903,
BANKS, Nathan — Continued.
iVfx'. r. S. X(U. JfM#.. XXV. No. 12W, Sept.
10, 1902, pp. 211-221, pi. VII.
New Hj>eeIo«: Pnndhettima Imrhtri, Mnrpitmi
ntlHipilosa, Di^cojioma hinfuUi.
A new Phalagid from the Blaek
Mountains, N. C.
Jourii. y. v. Ent. Sttc., Sept.. 1902, p. 142.
Dewribes ncoti*lrnum bntnnen.
Daddy lonj;lep=r from Mt. Katah-
diii, Maine.
Ent. AVj/v, De<'., 1902, p. 308.
A re<*f>rd of Ave spooler.
Slet»pinghabit«<)f (»ertain Ilyinen-
optera.
Jourtt. y. v. Entoni. StM'., Dei*.. 1902. pp.
20*i-214, 1 Hjf.
Treats of the Hleeping habiiN of Home fosso-
rial wasp.s ami bt(^s.
An application of the law of pri-
ori tv
Seitnce (new Hefiej*). Jan. !♦». 190:?, p. 115.
— Notes on entomology.
Srinur (new series), .Tan. 23, 11H)3. pp.
IM-l.V).
Notes on recent literature.
— Se<'ondarv h^exual charai.'ters in
BANKS, N.\THAN. Neuropteroiil inserts
of Arizona.
Proc. EiU.Soc. Wash., v. No. 4, Apr.lSOS.
pp. 237-245, 1 pi.
Annotated list of the npccie^ with 6)»riy-
tion.s of 1 new genus and 10 new fspwies.
Notes on Ceria iriUijttotii Kahl.
Proc. Ent. So€. Wcuh., v. No. 4. June.lvoi.
p. 310.
A record of the occurrence of thijisjwfiw
near Washington, I). O.
Notes on entomology.
Science (new serieH), June 19, lytiS, pp.
; 982-983.
( Reviews of several recent papers.
I BARTSCH, Paul. A new land ^M
j from California.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wcwh., xvi, June 2r». Wfi.
pp. 103-104.
In this paper SonorcUa tcolcottiana is de
H<'ribed as new. The .specimens were et>llecieil
by Mrs. H. L. T. Wolcott, of DtHlham, Ma<*..
at Palm Springs. San Diego County. Cal. The
type and a fine series are entered as No. 17WW7.
U. S. N. M. The species is named in h«»or
of Mrs. Wolcott.
(See also under William He.\ley
Hpi<ler8.
PffM'. Ent. S4ic. ]Viii<h., V. No. 2. pp. 104-107.
Feb.. 1903.
A con.siileralion ni the iM>s.sibU' nses of the
variou.sse<'on<lary sexual ehiiractrrs in s[>i«U'r«<
of the I'nited State-*.
New Smviithiiridje from the Dis-
trict of Columbia.
Proc. Kilt. Sor. M'ufh., v. No. 2. FeJ»., 190:5,
pp. ir)4-i5.'>.
Description of three new species.
A new germs of Solfugida.
Knt. .%>»/•.«. M»\r.. IWA. pp. 7^-79. 1 tig.
Ih'scriplion of limit rtttrcrha nilifoniicd, new
K<*iius and s]M'('ies.
T}ioM(^ manuscript names.
Si'it Htr (new s«.'ri('S). Mar. 27. ll»0:i. ]>. rKMt.
A reply to articles by Professors Bather and
('(K-kcrell.
Notes on I>nicl»viu'muri of tlic li.
fcro.i' group.
Pntc. Ent. S«i<\ M'ai^h.. v. No. :!. Mar.. IW;;.
pp. 17:5-177. 1 pi.
Synopsis of tho group and (l«*s<Tiption of ;{
nt'W spK.'('ies.
A revision of the Neatctic Chrv-
Hopidje.
Tinntt. Anicr. Ent. .'<4>c., xxix. .\pr.. 190;i.
pp. i:r-ir»2.
Monogra[»hie treatment of tin* .V» spo<ies,
dosrribing 2 new g«*nera ami 7 lU'W sjKM'it-i.
Dall. )
BASSLER, Ray S. The structural fea-
tures of the bryozoan genus HoHuArujKi,
w^ith descriptions of spec^ies from the
Cincinnatian gnmp.
Proc. r. S. yal. Afw., xxvt. No. l:iA
Mar. 28, 1903, pp. ."iefwigi, pis. 20-2ri.
In this T>aper the genus ITomotryya is full.v
discussed with 26 species, of which 19 are
either new species or varieties.
BENEDICT, James E. Description of
a new genus and 46 new species of
crustaceans of the family CfalatheidH*,
with a list of the known marine species?.
Proc. V. S. Nat. Mug., xxvi. No. 1311.
Dw. 29, 1902, pp. 24^-334, 47 text figs.
Ba.sed chiefly on material obtained hy thf
i:. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatrutt* i\\a-
ing the last twenty years. Artificial keysait
given for the species examined.
BOWDISH, B. S. Binlsof Porto Rico.
Auk, XIX. No. 4, Oi't., 1902, pp. $16-366, xl.
No. 1, Jan., 1903, pp. 10-23.
Notes on 91 species collect^nl or observed in
Porto Kieo by the writer, with a supplement-
ary list t»f 70 additional spe<>ie8 recorded by
otliers.
J^KEWSTER, William. Birds of the
Cape Region of Lower California.
7^;//. Mu». Omp. Zool., XLI. No. 1, Sept.
1902. pp. 1-241. with one map,
A complete account of the avifauna of ilrt
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
151
BREWSTER, William— Continued.
Cape region of Lower California, based largely
on the author's collection.
Totanus nwJanoleucus /r<izari (p. 65), Mcgas-
Cftpaxantusi (p. 98), Bvbovirginianus dachittus
(p. 96), and TachycineUi thcUammi brachyptera
(p. 167) are described as new, and many spe-
cies are recorded for the first time from the
Cape region. A full bibliography accompa-
nies the paper.
BUSC'K, August. Notes on the Ceroe-
torna group of Yponomeutidte with
descriptions of new North American
species.
Journ. X. r. Ent. Soc., XI, No. 1, Mar., 1903,
pp. 45-59.
Notes on Brackenridge Clemens
types of Tineina.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wcuh., v, No. 3, Apr. 3,
1903, pp. 181-220.
Dimorphism in the codling moth
{Ci/dia pomonella simpsoniif n. var. ).
Pntc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v, No. 3, Apr. 3.
1903, pp. 23&-286.
A revision of the American
codling moth.
Journ, X. y. Ent. Sftr., xi. No. 2, .Tune,
1903, pp. 106-111.
(See also under H. G. I)yar.)
moths of the family Gelechiid>p, with
def^criptions of new species.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mtu., xxv, No. 1304, May
9, 1903, pp. 767-938, pK XXVfil-xxxil.
New genera: Paralechia, Ntodactylota, Deo-
dona, ProBtomcus.
New species: Paltodora magnella, P.dietzielUi,
P. anteliflla, Telphuga hetulcUn, Ari«UAelia hifn-
9ckUUi, A. argentijera, A. cockrrella, A. iwir-
fottellii, A. quinquepunctfUa, RrcuriHiria colu-
britur, R. craisttjcUa, R. nitjra, Trypani^ma
fngeUa, Epithectu sylvicoleUa, Gnf/rimoschcma
ftaccharisetla, O. aemicydioncUa, G. duditUn,
G. JloreUa, G. bankslella, G. bntanclla, G. tetra-
dymirUa, Seodactylota barberdla, Dcocloiui
yuccaaella, Prodomeus brunneiis, Aprowrcnia
kear/ottella, Anaeamp^ia cy delta, A. ptiltodori-
rUa, Gdechia arizondla, G. cohradensis, G. tro-
phrUa, G. dentdla, G. sistrdla, G. cdtdtimuuMa,
G. pauidla, G. unifaacidla, G. arMdla, G.
stri(Udla,G.hibi»cdla, G.cockereUi,G.variahiliM, I
G. barncsiella, G. Umdendla, G. dyaridUi, G.
nigrimaculdia, O. gerotincUa, a. jtaneUn, G.
tibdia, TrichotaphefemaldeUa.
New name: Aittoneda.
On the generic name of the
CASANOWICZ, I. M. The collection of
oriental antiquities in the United States
National Museum.
Journ. Am. Oriental Sf>c., xxili, 1902, pp.
CASANOWICZ, I. M.— Continued.
of the contents and the arrangement of the
several sections of the divisions of historical
antiquities and historic religions in the U. 8.
National Museum.
Die Irtysch-Ostjaken und ihre
Volk8|>oe8ie.
Am. Anthropologist (new series), vol. 4,
1902, pp. 295-296.
Review and extracts of S. Patkanov's work
of the same title, with especial reference to
the statu of mental culture and religious he-
llefs and customs among that people.
Jewish ceremonial objects in the
United States National Museum.
Jewish Comment, xvi, 1903, pp. 5-6, with
Ipl.
Description of objects illustrating Judaism,
especially from North Africa, which recently
came to the Museum.
Parsee religious ceremonial objects
in the United States National Museum.
Am. Anthropologist (new series), vol. 5,
190}, pp. 71-75, with 2 pis.
The article gives a review of the history
and the fundamental beliefs, and of the
sacred scriptures of the Parsees, and a descrip-
tion of the collection at the Museum.
CHAPMAN, Frank M. List of birds
collected in Alaska, by the Andrew J.
Stone Expedition of 1901.
Bull. Am. Xat. Hist, xvi, Aug. 18, 1902,
pp. 231-247.
A ILstof 68 species collected in Alaska, with
the collector's field notes. Lagopns leucurus
peninstdaris (p. 236), and Cyanocitta stdleri
borealis (p. 240) are described as new sub-
species, and critical remarks are offered on
the Purus hudsonicus group of chickadees.
CLARK, AusTi.v H. The birds of Mar-
garita Island, Venezuela.
Ank, XIX, No. 3, July, 1902, pp. 268-267.
An account of 57 species observed by the
author during a short visit to Margarita
Island. Two species are described as new,
viz, Synallaxis albescens nesiotis (p. 264), and
Icterus xanthomus helioeides (p. 265).
CLARK, Hubert Lyman. The water
snakes of southern Michigan.
Am. yaturalist, xxx\u, Jan., 1908, pp. 1-23.
Considers the red-bellied water snake of
southern Michigan to be identical with Natrix
erythrogast/r and distinct from X. sipedtm.
On pages 20-21 special reference is made to
the specimens borrowed from the U. 8. Na-
tional Miweum.
CC)CKP:RKLL, Theodore D. A. (See
under Charles Loitih Pollard. )
/.
The article gives a summary de»<ription <;f COLLINS, < J. N. (See under < >. F. C'ooK. )
152
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
COOK, 0. F., and COLLINS, G. N.
E<*on()ini(! ])liintH of Porto Rico.
OtiUrih. r. S. Sat. JfrH>., viii. Part 2, June
1903, pp. 57-269, pin. XllI-LX, tt'xt
27.
llgs. 1-13.
COQUILLETT, D. W. New dii»tera
from North America.
PnM\ r. S. yat. 3/tw., xxv, No. 12«0. Sept.
12, 1902, pp. ftl-126.
New ifonera: Meiifnuefla, Jhinulmoiitia,
New Hpecies: Orimarga arizftiwnsiif, Cnhx
himaciilatiiif, ('. fletchvri^ C niunmigcTy Crra-
topfujon yhihcr, C. inermi*, C. fxili*, C. iftith
mnlh, ('. jtiloHh, ('. ajtrorus, C. belluni, C.
HfpiaiHijtc^, lltUromyia prattii, lymypu* sUlUi-
tuK, T. difCfiior, T. nhf^nig, T. barbiri, T. veHim-
tiis, T. pnlltns, T. occuUntalis, T. guttuUirU,
OrthocladiuH clepBydrutt, 0. pltitypu*, O. jmIUuh.
iyirotopun varipe^, ChiroJtomu« pulchripatnis,
(\ varipcnniif, C. atrinianus, C. pattiatUH, BSbio
tenutjM:*, Scatopfte raricornis, Simulium/ulvum,
X virg(itum,'^.pf(iHCurn. Aochlctusob«curm», Eu-
]niryphu8 tah<MUHif(, E. ttpicnli», E. cnietgcrus,
E, alrivrnti-u. E. umplu9, Bombylius recurrutf,
(rcrtm si gin a, P»at<i<Uru:bia Jiavircps, J*, pilima,
Mythicomyia sciUellata, JT. pictipcs, Rluimpho-
iiiyia albtiUi, Cutcrebrahisfrio, MeigenifUahinei,
Advumlui liinata, Paradm<mtia brevut, A'eara
longiconiiH, Chirtojthclps jhtlita, Pelaiachina
limatn, IWudapinops nigra, Ifyalomyodes dor-
mlh, (kstrophania calm, 0. setom, Exoruttoidcfi
harringtoni, EtnriMa tristlnm, yntutrwa sdi-
gera, Phttrocfrm istcninlis, FruntinasctijH'^, Stur-
mUi Umata, S. austrina, S. di^ailis, Masicera
polUa, Eutheni bicnUtr. Muscopteryx tibialis, M.
obscnrn, Phorirhuia cintrosa, Brnrhycoma
pftbicornis, li. stiosa, (i:ediopsiH rockercUii, (V.
facialis, (i. ovtUaris, Paraphyto sarrophugina,
Meriaiiia ctudybirn AmfAtinanrata, Gymnoinma
nuadrisftosa, Mynrcrabirittata, Mrgaparin fln-
votbi, Chulon*! flaiupennis, Phaonia pnllididn,
Mydna jinnnMniix, Chirosia capUo, Pselaphc-
phila Hiuiiliii. Cnhithita XHttipcnnis. Spih^rapha
/nirfura.
COCTIKRK, II. Sur quelques eap^cen
nouvelh's <lii j?enre Automate, de Man.
Itidl. .V'/x. //<W. yat. Pari*, 1902. No. 5, pp.
3:j7-:U2.
Three PiK'cies are de8('ril>ed, A. gardineri,
A. talisviaui, uinl A. nigosa. The lust is from
the r. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatrttss
i\Ti'i\tiii\gs in the Bay of Panama; A. gardineri
is fnmi Kingsraill Island.
(TRKIK, R«)LL.\ P. Mynnelefmidae
from Arizona.
J*roi\ Ent. StH'. Wash., V. No. 1. pp. 272-2.H4.
Author's e.xtras (»f this paiwr were pub-
lished June V.i, 1903.
The i)aper ronsists of a list of the sjKJcies of
ant-lion flies ooenrrinjr in .Vrizona. «>ompile<l
from previous ])ublished rwords and from
tin* material in the T. S. National Museum.
CURRIE, RoLLA P.— Continued.
ihe American Entomological Society collec-
tion, and in the collections of Mr. Nathan
Banks and Mr. CliarleH C. Adamn. Thirty
Hpecies and two varieties are enumerated, o(
which number 7 species and two ^iirieties w
described a.s new. Three of the new species
are from the collection made by Mesni.
Schwarz and Barber in 1901. All of the type»
are in the I'. 8. National Museom.
The Odonata collot'ted bv Mesprs.
Schwarz and Barlxjr in Arizona and
Now Mexico.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Waeh., V, No. 4, pp. 29tU3US.
Author's extras were published June 11
1908.
This is a report upon a collection of drsgun
flies made during the summer of 1901.
Twenty-four species and two varieties are
listed. One new species is described and is
named Isehnura barbcri. The male append-
ages of Ischnura damula Calvert and /. barbcri
are figured. All of the specimens are in the
U. S. National Museum.
DALL, William Healey. Reports of
the Princeton University expeditioDfl
to Patagonia. Palaeontology, Part II.
Tertiary Invertebrates, by A. R Ort-
mann, Ph. D.
.Sf-iVwcc (new series), xvi, No. 394, July 1*^.
1902, pp. 111-112.
A review of Doctor Ortmann's monograph
of the Tertiary Invertebrates of Patagonia.
Ijetter to the editor.
Science (new series), xvi, No. 395. July 3S.
1902, pp. 150-151.
A letter discussing views on nomenclature
in zoology expressed in a previous article by
Dr. O. F. Cook.
Dr. J. G. Cooper.
Srii'nce (new series), xvi, No. 898, Aug. 15,
1902, pp. 268-269.
Obituary notice of the late Dr. J. G. Cooper.
for many years a collaborator of the Smith-
sonian Institution.
New species of Pacific coast shells.
yautUm, XVI, No. 4, Aug., 1902, pp. 4S-44.
TritHa atomaria, T. panatnensj*, and Eraio
(Aigostata from Panama Bay: C^inrUa ting-
Icyi from the Gulf of California, and the genus
("i^clinclla, which represents Myaia (of Europe)
in American waters, are described as new.
A (juestion of nomenclature.
Rn'tn- critique de PaUo&oologie, vi, Oct.
1902, pp. 223-224.
Letter to the editor favoring the view that
names of masculine and feminine termina-
tions. (»therwise similar, should not be re-
plied when employed for different genera,
MS liable to be superseded on tliat aeocrant.
BIBLIOOBAPHY.
158
DALL, William Healev. Noteoii vivi-
parity in (*orbicula and Cardita.
Seimce (new scrien) xvi, No. 410. Nov. 7,
1W2, pp. 743-744.
Notes the discovery in Otrbicuia from
Uruguay and Vmerieardia from Alanka of a
large number of well-developed young ohelU
in the atrium of the oviduct of gravid femalei*.
[Included in a notice of the ProceedingR of
the Bibl logical Society of Washington, meet-
ing of Oct. 28, 1902.]
Note on Neocorhicuda Fischer.
yavtUus, XVI, No. 7. Nov., 1902, pp. 82-83.
Note on the diacover>* of large numbern of
nepionic young shelln in the atrium of the
maternal ovary of Neoctfrbicula.
Jack London's Local color.
yew York Timf$ Saturday Rcviar, vil. No.
49. Dec. 6. 1902. viii. No. 2, Jan. 10, 1903.
A criticism of the supposed '* local color"
of the ethnolrjgy of the publications of a pop-
ular writer on Alaska.
The Grand Gulf formation.
Sritnce (new series) xvi, No. 415, Dec. 12,
1902, pp. 946-947.
An attempt to clear up some of the con-
fusion which has been caused in geological
literature by the recent use of the name
"Grand Gulf" to designate rocks of v-ery
difTerent ages.
Synopsis of the family Veneridte
and of the North American recent
species.
Ptoc. U. S. Nat. Mut., xxvi. No. 1312, Dec.
29, 1902, pp. 336-412. pi. Xll-xvi.
A review of the history, distribution, bib-
liography, nomenclature, and clas8it)cation
of this family of bivalve mollusks, and a
summary of the recent species known to
exist on the eant and west coasts, respec-
tively, of the North American continent.
The following groups, genera, subKcncra, or
sections are named and deflne<l &s new: Sub-
genus Ptlccyom, sections (of Dosinia) Aiiftrf^-
dotinia, Doiinuca, Dotinorbitt Dosinuiia, Jhtri-
ndla: subgenus Gratelmtpina (for CyihcriopfiH
Connul, not McCoy), section Solandcnna (of
SuHtitn); section Hadiocrista, section I^armn-
lina, section EucaUitta, section IlyphnntoBoma,
section Lamtiliconcha; subgenuN I^pidocar-
dia, subgenus Cyclorisnia (for Cydothyi* Con-
rad, not McCoy), section Macridiscntt, section
Aftomnlodisau, section Mercimtmia, section
SattMrangia, section Protapro, subKenus
Protaihara, section OaUithncn; are described
as new and defined. TranttnnelUi ttimpitmi,
THwlti ahaamU, T. nasuta, T. brofUiana, (^Ulo-
cardia zonata^ Cytherea stHffillina, C. callimor-
pha, C. mazyckii, from the east vinv*t of .
America: and dementia tolida, OUhtcurdia
cathnria, Pitaria tomctuui, P. callicoiimlaf
Cytherea magdaUnm, C. lepidogty]^, Cydinella
tingleyit Chione »chotiii, <%ionr abUtmitn,
Chione pertinela^ Ventu apodrmn, I*nphia it»l-
DALL, William Healey — Continued.
culttsa, and P. ftphidia oralis from the west
coast of America arc described and figured
as now. A number of species hitherto unfig-
ured or imperfectly delineated are now fig-
ured in an accurate manner.
On the genus Gemma Deshayes.
Joum. C\)nchology, Manchester, England,
X, No. 8, Dec. 1902, pp. 238-243.
A review and revision of the genus and
the species belonging to it. The name iVpAi-
dia is substituted for PsephU Carpenter, nr)t
Guen^.
On the preservation of the marine
animaln of the northwest coast.
Hep. SmUfuKmian Inst., 1901 (1902), pp.
683-688.
A summary of the conditions under which
the marine mammals of the northwest coast
of America exist and a dist'ussion of the
probability of being able to preserve them
from extermination.
A new Crasmtellites from Brazil.
NautilH«, XVI, No. 9, Jan., 1903, pp. 101-102.
CrasMitrUitm brattiliensU from otT Kio de
Janeiro, is descrilK'd as new, from a region
where the genus was previoasly unknown.
Hawaiian Physidte.
yautUus, XVI, No. 9, Jan. 1903, p. 106.
A note announcing the discovery of tnie
Physidx in the Hawaiian Lslands, where pre-
viou.sly it had beensupjxjsed that the reversed
shells (resembling Phytui, and oft<>n so calle<l
by early writers on this fauna) occurring there
all belongiKl to the Limnxidir.
Synopsis of the Carditacea and of
the American species.
PrtH'. Aetid. Nat. Sci. Philn. for 1902, Jan.
1903, pp. 696-716.
This paper, on the same lines as the synop-
sis of the Venrridar, reviews the CurdUidx
and the CyeUtcardiidsr and gives lists of the
spe<'ies foun<l on the cast and west coasts of
North and South America, with numerous
notes. The following are describe<l and flg-
uriKl as new : \ 'enericardia armilla, \ \ moniliata,
V. youldii, V. incim, V. deam9ii,V. akutkana^
and Oirditn sulcosa. Vcnericardia rudif Gray,
and V. monilicoMa Gabb, are revived for valid
species, and Cardita grayi is proiK)sed for C.
crassa Gray, not Lamarck. The new sp>ecie8
named in this fiaper are figure<l on the plntes
accompanying the Synopwis of the AstartitUe
tq. v.).
Ili»view of the claf«ifi(«tion of the
Cvrenairea.
J*roc. liUtl. Sttr. \Va*h., xvi, Feb. 21. 1903,
pp. 5-8.
This is a very condensed statement of the
clarification propose<i for the Cyrenidir and
Sph:triidar. Miwlontopitis is proposed for Miih
don SanfllHTger (not Carpenter), and J^ofltteh-
eriaUiT Pifekeria Bemardi (not Desvoldy).
154
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
BALL, WiLLiA>f Healey — Continue<l.
Thi' followinif groupH are named and briefly
diagiK^sed as new: Section Corbiculina, Ttl-
linoctjclais, and Cyren(Kl<mar, under C\)rbicula:
Hcction Cyclocaiyx, subgenera CymcUocyrUis,
and TropUlocyclas, under i>phwrium. It Is
also pointed out that i^^clas (Bruguiere) Link,
1807, is based on Venus Ulandioa Linnaeus,
which afterwards became the type of Cypriiia
Lamarck, Arctiea Schumacher, and Cyprini-
axlea Rovereto.
Note on the name Miodon,
yduiilus, XVI, No. 12. Apr, 1903. p. 143.
The new name Munloniigcus is pjroinxsed for
the genuH Miodoii Carpenter, 18Co (not Du-
mC'ril, 1859).
Biographical memoir of Augustus
Aadison Gould, 180.^186(), l)y Jeffries
Wyman, with additions by William
Healey Dall, read before the National
Academy of Sciences, April 22, 1908.
Biugraphiral Mtnwirs, yiit. Acad. .Vi.,
Washington, 1903, pp. 93-113.
Contains a revision and enlargement of
Wyman's memoir, with Scudder's bibliog-
raphy of Gould's writings, and the addition
of a iM>rtruit and facsimile signatures. Also
issued soparately with cover.
A preliminary catalogue | of the
sliell-l)earing marine molluskH and
brachiopods | of the | southeastern
coast of the Unite<l States, | with illus-
trations of many of the sj>ecies. | lU* |
William Healey Dall, A. M., | Honor-
ary Curator Division of Mollusks, U. S.
National Museum. | — | Reprint. | To
which are added twenty -one plates
[with explanations and a supplemen-
tary list of si)ecies] not in the edition
of IHSi). I — ! Washington: | (Tovern-
ment IMnting Oflice. | nK)3.
Hull. r. S. Xnt. Mn«., No. 37, 1903, pp.
1-232. pis. i-xcv.
DALL, Wii.lia.mHealkv, and BAKTSCH,
Pail. A new Kissoa from California.
yaiUiliis, XVI. 8, Dec, 1902, p. 9-1.
lii^ma kclfftfi is docribed as new. It is
named in honor of Mr. F. \V, Kelsey. of l^an
Diego, Cal., who collected the s])ecimens at
Pacilic Beach, Cn I. The type and two speci-
mens are registered as No. ir>S60.'), I'.S.N.M.
States National Museunu
DYAR, H.MiRisoN (j. Descriptions of the
larva? of some nn»ths from Colorado.
I^oc. r. N. yat. Mum., xxv, No. 1290, .Sept.
23, 1902. pp. 309-412.
New speeit'^: finnriiniDtrhrmn ciKiuUhitrUd.
Uracilnria i hialn'tica) ptutsiiKniidUi.
DYAR, Harrison G. A list | of | North
American Lepidoptera and | key to the
literature of this | order of insects. ] By
Harrison G. Dyar, Ph. D., | custodian
of Lepidoptera, United States National
Museum, | assisted by | C. H. Fer-
nald, Ph. D., the late Rev. Georige D.
Hulst, I and August Busck, | — 1
Washington: | Government Printing
Office. I 1902.
BuU. V. S. Nat. Mu9., No. hi, 1902 (1908i.
pp. i-xlx, 1-723.
EVERMANN, Barton W. (See under
J. A. Allen and David S. Jordan.)
FERNALD, C. H. (See under Harri-
son G. Dyar.)
FISH, Pierre A. The cerebral fissores
of the Atlantic walrus.
Proc. V. S. Niit. Mws., XXVI. No. 1325. Apr.
9, 1903, pp. 675-688. pis. xxviii-xxix.
FISHER, Walter K. A new Proeel-
Hterna from the Leeward Islands, Ha-
waiian group.
Pror. U. ^^ Nat. Mum., XXVI, No. 1822, Jan.
29. 1903, pp. 559-663.
I*ro<rUaenm mxaiilii (p. 659) Is desrribed *>
. a new 8p)€cies.
FOWLER, Henry W. (See under David
Starr Jordan.)
(ilLL, Theodore. General historj* of
birds.
Osprcy, VI, No. 7. July, 1902, pp. 3S-i2.
The Heventh chapter of a proposed work va
ornithology.
The story of a word — Mamnial
Pop. Sci. Monthly, LXi, Sept., 1902. pp.*M-
438.
The etymology and singtilar form of the
word Mammalia have been erroneoiuly giren
in all dictionaries a.H derived from the Latin
adjective mammalu and as cognate with vari-
ous words in living European languages. It
is contended that the name was first given hf
Linnicus in 1758, and that he formed it in
analogy with Animalia and derived it directly
from the noun Mamma and added the snfflx
-lUiii. A history of the use of the word is
given.
The first use of Mammals and
ManimaliaiiH.
Srirnce (new series), xvi. No. 417, Dec. 36.
1902, pp. 1034-1036.
The earliest use of the word Mammals teeoa
to have been made by Good in 1813 in tbf
Paiitalogia, and that of Mammalians by KirtT
in 1H35 in his Bridgewater treatise.
BIBLIOOBAPHY.
155
GILL, Theodore. The hosts of Argulids
and their nomenclature.
Science (new serien), xvii, No. 418, Jan. 2,
1903, p. 33.
The names of the fish-hopts of many of the
upecies described in the " Monograph of North
Americ-an Parasitic Copepods of the family
Argiilidff," by C. B. Wilson, are corrected
and the flMhes identified.
The bones of the shoulder girdle
of fishes.
Science (new series), xvii, No. 424, Feb.
13, 1903, pp. 2&5-256.
The most characteristic system of bones of
the pisciform vertebrates is manifest in the
shoulder girdle, and the classes of selachians
and typical fishes, or teleoetomes, have been
segregated under the name LyTr^era, on ac-
count of the Qharacter of this girdle. The
consideration of the t)one8, however, mili-
tates decidedly against the acceptance of the
views generally held. Scapula and coracoid
were given originally to the composite bon«
and Its process familiar Irom manifestation
in man. The bones of fishes to which the
names have been given are certainly not ho-
mologous. They, in fact, are only developed
as such in fishes specialized as telcosts and
very remote from the pnmitive stock of the
terrestrial vertebrates. A special nomencla-
ture is therefore necessary. The so-called
scapula has been designs ted as hypercoracoid,
the coracoid as hypocoracotd. and the Span-
genstuck, or precoracoid, as metocoracoid.
The mesocoracoid disappears in most fishes,
all the acanthopterygians and offshoots from
that stock t>eing deprived of that ossicle.
The systematic relations of the
fish genus Lamprut.
Saence (new series), xvii, No. 424, Feb.
13, 190a, pp. 2&6-257.
Recently the foremost ichthyologist of Eu-
rope. Doctor Boulenger. reexamined the
oeteoiogy of Lampna, and especially the
shoulder gtrdie, and attained novel concep-
tions as to the athnilies ot that genus. The
numoer oi bones in the shoulder girdle ol
Lamprii is the same as in ordinary acanthop
terygian fishes, out two oi them have been
interpreted l.rom a different standpoint than
by nls predecessors. (1) The very large \yone
which occupies the lower and posterior part
ol the girdle was considered by him to tjc a
peculiar bone, named interclavicle, and
homologlzcd with a bomou>'mous t>oneof the
hemtbranchs, and (2) the smaller one imme-
diately above it and behind the bones .sup-
porting the pectoral fin was regarded as a
'•coracoid' or nypocoracoid. Therefore he
considered it as the representative not only
ol a peculiar family (Lamprididsfc), but of an
independent higher group named Selenich-
thyes and coordinated with the Hemibranchn
and Lophobranchli, the three t>eing as<aociate<l
together as representativen of n sntx)r<1or to
GILL, Theodore — Continuea.
which the new name Catosteomi was given.
To test this conclusion the skeleton of Lampris
was submitted to renewed examination.
That examination forced the author to ac-
ceptance of the principal ideas of the older
ichthyologists; four actinosts, or pterygials,
are recognized, and the coracoid of Boulenger
is identified with the fourth. The hypocora-
coid is found in the interclavicle of Boulen-
ger. As a consequence, the genus is restored
to the group of acanthopterygians. Never-
theless, the differences between Lampria and
all other fishes are sufficiently great to entitle
it to rank as the type of a family (Lampridi-
dai),aswell as a special superfamily (Lam-
pridoidea).
Origin of the name Monotremes.
Science (new series), xvii, No. 428, Mar.
13, 1903. pp. 433-434.
It is shown that the name Monotremes was
given by E. Geoffroy as an ordinal designation
(in French form only) in 1803, the order
(ordre) diagnosed, and the genera "Omi-
thorhinchwi" and ** Echidna" referred to it.
Homologies of the anterior limb.
Science (new series), xvii. No. 430, Mar.
- 27, 1903, p. 489.
It is contended that Polypterua gives us a
key to the problem in question, as has been
already urged by the writer in 1872, 1»78, and
1882. This view, after long neglect, was
independently urged later by others, especi-
ally Emery and Pollard, but with differences
of detail. The humerus, radius, ulna, carpal,
and metacarpal Ixjnes are found in a recog-
nizable condition \v\ Polypterus. That genus
is the nearest ol the living fishes in relation-
ship to the amphibians and (onsequently all
terreslrml vertebrates
The use oi tiie name Torpedo for
the electric catfishes.
Ptoc I S. ^at Mus. XXVI, No 1329. Apr.
9, 1903, pp. 697 bVto.
1 1 18 shown that the name Torpedo was used
in " Purcbas his Piigrlmes " published in 1625,
lor the eiectnc catfish oi Malapterurut etec
tnciis ol the Nile. Two sections descriptive
of the fish occurring m thai work (pp. UHH,
1545) are reproduced.
Bibliographical memoir | of |
John Edwards Holbrook. | 1794-1876.
I — I Read belore the National Acad-
emy of S( lences, | April 22, 1903. | — |
Washington, D. C. | Press of Jiid<l and
Detweiler | 1903. |
[8 vo., cover, title -i- 47-77 pp.. 2 pi.]
An advance reprint irom the Biographical
Memoirs ol the >ationai Academy ol Sciences,
VI, pp. 47-77, with portrait and letter. Besides
the biography ol HolbtooK a Dibiiography is
appended, giving analyses and correlations
of the dlflereni iKlitlons ol Hoi brook's works
on reptih»sand fishes.
156
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 19a3.
(ilLl., TnE<)iK)RK. Walbauin and luno-
inialiHiii.
Sf'iftin' (lU'W writ?x), XVII, No. 43t», May K.
19(K, p{». 7l4-7ir..
In refutHti«ni of Mr. Henry W. Fowler's
eontcntion that " WHllMum is nonbinomial,"
it is demonstratiKl, by un nnalysis of his treat-
ment of the geiniM/Vi/Z/tx, that he wax binomial.
Remarks on the attitmle of Linna*us with
re!*i>e<'t to binomial nomenelatnn* art* pre-
fixed.
The (leviUiph and H*m\v other
finhi^ in North Carolina.
[•"itregt and Strnim, i.x, No. l.>*2. May :»,
1<H)3, p. 431.
Kefen'n<'e is made to vari(»us tish names
useii in Hrickell'M "Natnral History of North
(:an>lina." pubUshe<l in 1737. The story of
the devilfish running away with a " veaw.'l
for a league or two" Is repeated. Information
is aske<1 if eertiiin names are still used for
fishes, viz, "Sea-Tenoh" for the Tautog,
" Welchmen " for blaek basses, and "Irish-
men" for rrappit*s.
The first e<lition of Holhrook's
North American Heri)etolo^y.
.*<ricni'f ( new series) . xvii. No. 140, June
5, 1903. pp. 910-912.
Supplement to the Biogniphical Memoir of
HolbrcK)k. It had In^en universally sup|)osed
that the first i'<1ition bad tH>en discontinued
with the third volume. Mr. Witmer Stone,
however, found a eopy ol a fourth V(»lume in
the Academy of Natural Sciences of IMilla-
<lelphia. and an analysis of this is publishnd,
with considerations on its t)earing on nomen-
clature. The volume appears to have lK*en
suppressed.
(See alno iincier J. A. .\llkn. )
(JHINNKLL, JO.HEPII. The Califomia
Ydlow Warhler.
t'imdor, V. No 3. May 19. VM\, pp. 71-73.
A dis<'usvion o| the California y««llow war-
l)lers, with description of a new sul>sj»ecies,
I)t utirou'ii irstivn ttrnvHtfri.
1 1 ASSA LL, Alhkkt. ( Stt:* iin<ier( 'iiAKi.ra
W. Stiles.)
HAY, WiLLiA.M Pkkky. Observations on
the<Tiistaeean fauna of the rej^ioti alnuit
Mammoth ('a\(', Kentnckv.
/Vm'. I . S. y<lt. Mnn., \XV, No. I'iSo, Sefjt.
12. VM)l. pp. 22;t-2:i(i, 1 text Hk.
liascM on nialcnal obtained duriiiu a visit
by thr wntt-r t«> .Mainni<»th Cavi' in VM)l. \
new ani[»lii|M>d. iinmrnttnifi j/mjntujuiis, i.-* de-
MTitM'd, ami alM) a iww I«»r!ii of craylish,
(\imhiinif> Ixirtniui fnichrofdii'.
Observations on the crtistaeean
HAY, William Perry — Continued.
I>ef«(Ti^>e» visits made by himself toNii-U-
jack T-aveand other cavea in Tenni<wei> aivI
(leonria. Amimg the cnistaceans «'oll«H'ted
there is one new amphipod, fiammanu fmr-
puroHcenr, and two new Kuhi«i>eeit*»t of '"a»-
ftanu, C. barionii mratvSt and ('. Uitimanut
tttricUuf.
On a small (ollection of cmsta-
iaima of Nickajaek Cave, Tennrss*H\
and vb'initv.
Pntr ! . > ynt. Mux., XXV, No. V:*fl. Sept.
2.S i9i>.: pp. 117-189. 1 map and s fijrs. in
text.
ceans from the island of Cuba.
Proc. V. S. NaJt. Muf., xxvi, No. 1316. Feb.
2, 1903, pp. 429-135, 3 text figs.
The collection wa« made by Dr. C. H.
Eigenmann. while investigating the fauna of
limestone eavema in Cuba. F<»urte«n »pfCM
are enumerated, of which three are nev.
CirvUma athnuU, Patarmonete* efprumaniii.aihi
/*. ctibtnM*: the first two are subtermncHn
and blind.
HELLER, EDMtTXD. Pai)ers from the
Hopkins-Stanford Galaiiagos Expe«li-
tion, 1898-99. XIV. Reptile**.
Prttc. Wash. Acad. Sci., v, Feb. 26, IW
pp. 39-98.
The account of PhyUodactyluf tubrmdotn*
is based on the specimens in the r. S. National
Museum, lent for the purpose.
HEMSLEY, W. Botting. (See under
Joseph N. Rose.)
HENDERSON, John B., Jr. (See un-
der Charles T. Simpson.)
HINDS, Warre.n Elmer. Contribution
to a monograph of the insects of tlie
order Thyeanoptera inhabiting North
America.
J^fjc. U. S. Nat. Mu9., XXVI, No. 1310, IV-c.
20, 1902, pp. 79-242, pis. i-xi, text fljjs.
1-127.
HOLMES, William H., and MAS(^N,
Otis Ti'fton. InHtmetions to c^illect-
orH of hititorical and anthropolopcal
KiK»eiineni«.
null. V. S. yat. .Via., No. 39, Part Q, Anjf.
K 1902, pp. [1]-II6].
HOWARD, L. O. The warfare against
iiios(|uit<K\s — A record of whathai* l>een
lU'compliHhed the last two years — How
to exterminate mosquitoes — A pnn'-
tical work for village improvement s«»-
eieties.
(^nintrij Life in America, Apr., 1903, in,
No. 6, pp. 2ftl-2«8, flsfs. 100-106. •
( )nr enemies the insects.
Youths' (V/w/Mifiton, A^t. SO, 1903, pp. 211-
212.
The tomb of Thomas Say.
Ctinmliou Kntomttlogiil^ XXXV, No. 6. M«y
1. \\m. i>i». 13M-139.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
157
HOWARD, L. O. The world-wide cm-
sade.
Proceeding9 Pirtt AnU-motquito Conven-
tion, Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan., 1904, pp.
19-21', 1 fig. (portrait).
A brief rcTlew of anti-moflquito work then
going on in different parts of the world.
HOWELL, Arthur H. (See under J. A.
Allen. )
H RDLICK A , Ales. The Lansing skele-
ton.
Am. AnthropologUi (new seriea), v. No. 2,
April-June. 1908, pp. S23-330.
The paper in a description of the skeleton
and a comparison of the skull with several
Indian crania from the same general region.
The conclusion is that the skeleton, so far
as the physical characteristics are concerned,
is practically identical in type with that of
the modem Indian of the same region and
presients no indicationsof any great antiquity.
HULST, George D. (See under H-\rri-
soN G. Dyar.)
JORDAN, David Starr. Supplemen-
tary note on Bleekeriamii^ukurii and on
certain Japanese fishes.
Proc. V. S. Xat. Mus., xxvi, No. 1328, Apr.
9. 1908, pp. 69a-696, pi. XXX, figs. 1-3.
(See also under J. A. Allen.)
JORDAN, David Starr, and EVER-
MANN, Barton Warren. Notes on
a collection of fishes from the Itfland
of Formosa.
Proc. V. S. ycU. Mus., XXV, No. 1289, Sept.
24, 1902. pp. 316-368, figs. 1-29.
New species: Zacco evolnns, Acheilognathuti
tnesembrimtm, AnguiUa rem(fera, GymnUhorojt
pe$ca(lori«, Ophicephalut tadianus, Channajor-
momxna, BU:ekeria mittukurii, Pemphcrit npc-
tercuiei, SrmipUruM maUubarat, Piectorhynchus
ocyuru$, Folydactylus rhadinu*, Cfurrops nyr-
Umblema, Hemipleronotua verrcns, SiUagoar<AH$,
Solaria* namiyei, BrotulafomuMX, Cynotflos^tis
dij>la9iftf.
JORDAN, David Starr, and FOWLER,
Henry W. A review of the Oplegna-
thoid fishes of Japan.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,xx\, No. 1278, Aug.
30. 1902, pp. 76-78.
A review of the trigger-fishet*, file-
fishes, and tnmk-fishes of Japan.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mut., xxv, No. 1287, Sept.
17, 1902, pp. 251-286, figs. 1-6.
New genus: Rudariiu.
New species: Rudariua ercotUs, Brachaiu^
tere* idrarum.
A review of the cling-fishes (Gobi-
efloi'ida') of the waters of Japan.
Proc. v. S. Nat. Mum., xxv, No. 1291. Sept.
19, 1902, pp. 413-416. fig. 1.
New genus: Anpaitma.
New ^>ecies: Atipaama ciconiar.
JORDAN, David Starr, and FOWLER,
Henry W. A review of the Chseto-
dontidtt and related families of fishes
found in the waters of Jaf>an.
Proc. U. S. Not. Mu8., xxv, No. 1296, Sept
30. 1902, pp. 513-663, figs. 1-6.
New species: Oyttopsi* itea, Antiffonia ttein-
dachneri, Chsttodon dsedalma, Coradion dctmo-
te», Holacanthus ronin.
Notes on little-known Japanese
fishes, with description of a new spe-
cies of Aboma.
Proe. U.S. Nat. Mu$., xxv, No. 1298, Oct.
•2, 1902, pp. 673-676. fig. 1.
New species: Ahoma snyderi.
A review of the Berycoid fishes of
Japan.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvi. No. 1306, Nov.
25, 1902, pp. 1-21, figs. 1-4.
A review of the Ophidioid fishes
of Japan.
Proc. U. S. Nat, Mus., xxv, No. 1303, Dec.
2, 1902, pp. 743-766, figs. 1-6.
New genus: Hierichihys.
New species: Hierichthys mcryptcs, Lycrn-
chelys jxxcilimon, Bothrocara zcsta, Otophidium
asiro, Porogadus giintheri.
A review of the Elasmobranchiate
fishes of Japan.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvi, No. i:i24,Mar.
30, 1908, pp. 593-674, pis. xxvi-xxvii,
figs. 1-10.
A review of the Cepolidte or band-
fiphes of Japan.
Proc. U. S. Nal. J/m*., xxvi. No. 1330. Apr.
9, 1903, pp. 699-702, fig. 1.
A review of the Cobitidw, or
loaches of the rivers of Japan.
Proc. r. S. Nat. .Mus., xxvi, No. 1332, Apr.
9, 1903, pp. 76^774, figs. 1, 2.
A review of the dragonete (Cal-
lionymidfe) and related fishes of the
waters of Japan.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv. No. 1305, May
9, 1903. pp. 939-959, figs. 1-9.
New gcnere: Dractmetta, L\iUiurichihy».
New spec it's: Dracimettn xcnica, Cnlliurich-
thys doryssus, CaUionymus Jlaffris, C. caUiste,
C. rirgis.
JORDAN, David Starr, and SNYDER,
John Otferbein. A review of the
Blennoid fishes of Japan.
Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., xxv. No. 1*293, Sept.
26, 1902, pp. 441-6(V1, figs. 1-28.
New genera: ZacaUcs, Azuma, Ztmrchias,
Abryois.
New spe<'les: Tripterygion cthcostoma, T.
ftai^iirum, ZacaUes bryojtc, Prtroscirtes rfatus,
Aspidontus trmsulus, A. dasson, iScarticMhys
f^osima', S. stfUifcr, Aztima cmmnUnv, Br>jo-
stemma otohimr, B.saibme, AUctTXOfcVvetvja'nv.V.tvV.^
158
REPOKT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903,
JORDAN, David Starr, and SNYDER,
John Otterbein — Continued.
Xeozoartfs a*:indachneri, Z^Kirrhinn veiifftrus,
Opisthoccntru* zonope, Ahnjois azntiiw, Ermt-
grammus epaUax, Sticfutus nozmar, Lumitaius
fmderi.
Descriptions of two new species of
Squaloid sliarks from Japan.
Proc. U. S. Xat. Mm., xxv. No. 1279, Sept.
2. 1902, pp. 79-^1, figs. 1, 2.
New genus: Deania.
New »pe<'les: Etmopterus lur{frr, Deania
eglantina.
On certain species of tishes con-
f listed with Bn/osU'mfiia jwlynctocepha-
lum.
Proc. V. S. Xat, Mun., xxv. No. 1300, Nov
4, 1902, pp. 613-618. figs. 1-3.
New genus: BryoUtphus.
New 8pe<.'ii«: Bn/fnttrmma tartKxht*. It. dav>-
rntum, Bryolophnt lyaimus.
JORDAN, David Starr, and STARKS,
Edwin Chapin. A review of the
llemibranchiate fishes of Japan.
Proc. V. S. Sat. Mun., xxvi, No. 1308. Dee.
2, 1902, pp. 57-73, figs. 1-3.
A review of the Synentojrnathous
fishes of Japan.
Prftc. V. S. yat. Mus., XXVI, No. 1319, Feb.
4, 1903, pp. 525-544, figs. l-Ji.
IH^scription of a new Hi>ecie8 of
sen 1 pin from Japan.
/YfX". V. S. Xnt. Muc. xxvi. No. 1326, Apr.
11. 1903. pp. r)89. 690, fig. 1.
KNOWLTON, Frank II. Chanjje of
name of Firus.^ lu'spiria, from tiie vicin-
ity of Ashland, Oreg.
/Vor. JHol Soc. Wash., XV. Apr. 25. I9tr2,
p. 81),
The name Fiats* hfuperia hn.s been u.«te<l in
the Bulletin of tht? T. S. ( Jcol<^ic4il Survey on
the Flom of the Montana Formation, for a
plant from the North Fork of Dutton C'n»ek in
the Laramie Plains. Wyoming, and also for a
difT«.TentsjH.'eic.sfroin the vicinity of Ashland,
OreR., in the 20th Annual Rei)ortof the V. S.
(Jeologlcal Survey, and a.s the former ante-
dat(rs the latter, the change to Ficunf ap]tlt(jn-
Ui is made.
Notes <»n the fossil fruits and lig-
nites of Brandon, Vt.
Bull. Torny Botan. ('tub, No. 29. Nov., 19(»2.
pp. 635-641, pi. 25.
The (K'currcnce and geological position of
the lignites are dest^ribed and the conclusion
reached that in age they are younger than
the Kocene. These Brandon lignites are also
determined to be largely eouifenms. SeUM'te<l
specimens ujMm examination were found to
be only varietally diflerent from Schmaul-
KNOWLTON, Frakk H.— C'ontinued.
haiwen'8 PitoxyUm micrc/porotrnm, and for the
Brandon form the name Pityoxylon «um)fx>ro-
»um. brnndonianum is proposed. One hdaU
specimen vra.s detennincd to be dicotyledo-
nous, probably allied to Betuia. The author
had intended making an exhaustive micro-
stropic study of the structare of the fruits m>
abundant in thi»c lignites, but wa^ prevented
from completing the work, and therefore pn>>
scnts only some scattered notes on a few of
the s]M.H;ies, to one of which he gives the new
name Ciurumites Icmpiereuxii,
Report on a small collection of
fossil plants from the vicinity of Porcu-
pine Butte, Montana.
Bull. Tnrrcy Botan. Clttb, No. 29, Dec.. 1902,
pp. 70fy-709. pi. 26. fig. 1 (in text).
In this jtaper four spcries are enumerated.
among them one that is new — TiUia wccdii—
and the age of the beds in which they occur
is given as the Fort l^'nion Tertiary.
Fossil flora of the John Day basin,
Orejron.
Bull. r. S. Geol. Sun., No. 204, 1902. M».
1-113, pLs. i-xvii.
The .lohn Day basin lies in north central
Oregon between the north and sonth ningiV
of the Blue Mountains, (Covering an area of
approximat(>ly 10,000 square miles, drained by
the ,Iohn Day River and its tributaries. The
tlora of the basin, as sit forth in this paper.
oomprLses 150 fonns distributed among ^
natural families and the anomalous group uf
Phyllites. Of the 150 forms enumerated. 24
have not been Hpe<'if)cally named, and 44
sp<>cies and one variety arc dcMcribed as new,
the preWously known species numbering 81.
The bcHls are all of Tertiary age. ranging frooa
Lower Eocene to Upper Miocene. The ood-
ditions prevailing in the John Dayba.<inin
Tertiary times extended into <*entral Wash-
ingtou, northwestern Idaho, and \ve«teni
Oregon.
KOTINSKY, Jacob. The first North
American I^af-gall Diasjune.
Proc. Ent. Sf}C. Wash., v. 1908. pp. 149-1%
Describes CntptophyliatpU liquidambarw.
new species.
LrCAS, P'redkric A. Palteontological
notes.
Sciaur ^new series), xvi.No. 402, Sept. 12.
1902. p. -435.
The name Ihiccntrurut is proposed to re-
place OmnMnurHs, this being preoccupied.
llopliUmxiiru^ inarshi is proposed to replsce
stt ijiMtaunm mnrnhi, thisdinosaurbeing shovn
to be related to Polaeanthu*.
Aves.
Text Book of PaUtontology, by Karl von
Zittel, Nov., 1902, pp. 256-278, figs. 30-
373.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
159
XUCAS, Frederic A. — Continue<l.
A brief descriptioii of the osteology and
main divifdons of the Clam Avcs, with special
reference to fossil species. Based partly on
palseontologicnl and osteological material in
the Museum collections.
Animals before man in North
America.
D. Appleton & Co., Nov.. 1902, pp. i-vil,
1-291, 6 pis. and numerous text flgs.
A popular account of the succession of life
in North America.
Many references to specimens in the U. 8
National Museum.
The weapons of liinle.
Bird Lore, Nov.-Dec., 1902, pp. 182-1K5, «
text flgs.
The Dinosaurs or Terrible Lizards.
Bep. SmUhg4mian Inst., 1901 (1902), pp.
Wl-«47, pit*. 1-4.
A popular account of the DlnosaurH, re-
printed from '* Animals of the Past."
The Greatest Flying Creature, tlie
pp.
Great Pterodactyl OniUhoxtmna.
Rep. Smithfonian Inst, 1901 (1902).
654-659, pis. 1-3. 1 text fig.
A popular account of this flying reptile,
comparisons heing made with hird^ and Imts
as to size and power of flight.
Notes on the osteology and rela-
tionships of the fossil i)irds of the ^^n-
em He^peromi^f Ifayeriaj BapUprtnt* and
Diatryma,
Proc. U. S. yat. Mua.. xxvi. No. 1:^20,
Feb. 4, 1908, pp. 545-^56, 8 figs.
Additional information is given as to the
structure of the skeleton in Hatperurim and
Baptomis; the genus Haycria is proposed for
Hcfperomis gracUU, and it Is suggested that
Diatryma belongs in the Stereonithes.
night.
Article in International Cydopstdia, Dodd,
Mead & Co.
An account of the mechanism of flight a.s
found in various animals, especially verte-
brates, and the method by which it is per-
formed.
LYON, Marcus W., Jr. Lophofftomn
renezueliv vhangiid tA> ToiuUui renezueUv.
Pror. BiU. Soc. Wash., xv. Dec. 16, 1902,
p. 24«.
Observations on the numl)er of
young of the Lasiurine bats.
Pror. r. S. Nat. M%i*., XXVI, No. 1314, Jan.
26, 1908, pp. 425-426, pi. xnil.
Four young usually are produced at a
birth.
McMURRICH, J. Playfair. Note on
the Sea Anemone, Sagartia paguri Ver-
rill.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., xxvi, No. 1315, Jan.
27, 1903, pp. 427-428. 2 text figs.
Description of sfK'cimens obtained by Dr.
D. S. Jordan and Mr. J. O. Snyder in Japan,
where the species lives adherent to the chela
and the shell of the hermit crab, Diogenes
(dwardsii (de Haan).
MAIDEN, Joseph Henry. On the
identification of a species of Encalifptua
from the Philippines.
I*roc. r. S. Nat. Mus., xxvi. So. 1327, Apr.
11, 1903, pp. 691, 692.
MARLATT, G. L., Rosuiu^ of the search
for the native home of the San Jose
scale in Japan and ('hina.
BuU. IHv. Ent.. V. S. Dept. Agric. (now
series). No. 37, Oct. 3, 1902, pp. 65-78.
Preliminary report on the impor-
tation and present status of the Asiatic
ladybinl (Chilocorim similift).
Bull. Dir. Ent., V. S. Dept. Agrie. (new
series). No. 37, Oct. 3, 1902, pp. 78-84.
Predatory insects which affect the
usefulness of scale-feeding Coccinel-
lida?.
Bull. Dir. Ent., I'. S. Dept. Agric. (new
series), No. 37, Oct. 3, 1902. pp. R4-87.
Report of the Acting Entomolo-
gint for 1902.
Ann. Hep. V. S. Dept. Agrir. 1902, pp.
1K9-207.
This report was submitted Aug. 2, 1902. and
publL«<hcd in Doc, 1902. Extras with title
page and table of contimts wore printed.
Collecting notes on moscjuitoes in
Oriental countries.
I*r<}C. Ent. Soc. Wa^h., v. No. 2, pp. 111-123.
Author's extras were published Jan. 31.
1903.
Notes on the perio<lical cicada in
the District of Columbia in 1902.
Proc. Ent. Sttc.. Wn*h., V, No. 2, pp. 124-
126.
Author's extras were published Feb. 4, 1903.
.\n early record of the periodical
cicada.
/Vof. Ent. Stjc. ir(wA..v. No. 2, pp. 12<>-127,
Author's extras were published Feb. 4, 1903.
A chalcidid parasite of the Asiatic
ladyl)irfl.
PriH-. Eut..^tc. WiVfh., V. No.2. pp. i:iH-139.
Author's extras were published Feb. 4, 1908.
160
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
MARLATT. C. L. The lime, nulphur, j
and salt wanli.
arc. Dir. Ent., V. S. Jicitt. Agriv., Div. uf
Ent. (MM'ond writes), No. 52, pp. 8, Feb.
20, 1908. pp. I to 8.
The Entomological Club of the
American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science. Report by the secre- i
tary. '
raw. A'w/.. XXXV. Mar., IVKW, pp. .'W-A«: |
XXXV, Apr., 1903, pp. 79-87.
Jai)an*8 foremost entomologist.
Ent. yeirtt, XIV, No. 3. Mar., 1903, pp. av
6M, pi. IV.
I low to control the San Jose scale.
Cirr. Dir. Eut., V. S. Jk-pt. Aijric. Dir. •
Ent. (Heoond 8eri*»»). No. 42. 7 pp.. Mar. ■
•25, 1903. Third edition, extensively re-
vised.
Scale innectH and mites on citrus '
MAXON, AViLLiAM R. Notes on Amer-
lean ferns, vi.
FemBuU., xi, Apr., 1903, pp. 38-10.
(1) Mention is made of a cristate form i>f
Woodwinfia gpinuloM from CalifomiA. i2>
Adiantum mudtttHin Underw. is reported fn«n
Arizona. (3) PolyttichummunitumifiUiarivM
fnib«p. nov., is described from Lower Califor-
nia.
A study of certain Mexican and
Guatemalan species of Polypodinm,
OmtHb. V. S. Xat. Herharium, vili, pt. 3,
June 27, 1908, pp. i-v; 271-279, pis, Lii.
LXII.
A summar>* of resolts attending a iitudy •>!
plants referred to, or closely related to, Pdf-
podium auhpftioUUum Hook. Potirpodivm ac-
qucdis, P. tcretae^ P.firmulum, P.jiMidetu and
P. adelphnm are dowrlbed an new.
(See also under LrciEN M. I'nder-
trecf. I
Fhrmerit' Bull., V. .S. Dntt- Agric. JHr. Ent.,
No. 17.>. Apr. 17, 1903. pp. 42. figt*. 31.
lie vision of the Yearbook article by Mr.
Marlatt.
Ai)plicd entomology in Japan. ,
JiuU. Dir. Ent., V. S. Ihpt. Agric. (new
series), No. 40, pp. .'>G-fi:J, pK i. ii. (It»- '
.sued Apr. 2:>, 1903.) i
A h<mPt»-lK>at colUH^-ting trip in I
China. '
(Mn. Ent., XXXV, A]»r., IWW. pp. 79-X7. |
Tbc San J().»*e scale — itn natural i
home and natunil (»nemy.
ytnrh(>ok V. S. Jh-jU. Agric, 1902. [»]». l.Vv-
174.
Author's extnis wert» isnued .Tune 6. 190:J.
MARSHALL. William H. Tea. '
Am. ,Toinn. Phnrmurif. i.xxv. No. -J, Feb..
IIMW. pp. 71MM.
Part of H liM'ture bef«»re the PhannaceuticMl '
.V.sjMM'ialioii of the Philrtdeli»hia ColleRe oi
I'harnmey. l>eH(Tibes the Ixitany. ffeojjraphy
and hi.»«tory, iMiltivation. pn*paration, ohem-
istry, efloi'ts, wx'inl status, adultemnts. and
commerce of tea.
MASOX, (>TiH Ti i-TON. (Sec under Wil-
liam II. IIOLMKS. )
ALVXON, WiLLi.\M Ii. A Jaf^newroly-
l^xly.
I*tfp. Sri. yncM, xxxvi, Oct.. 19<r2. ]•. 2'Jl. 2
\)\s.
A iMjpular account of the iK'culiar way Piilij-
pittliiim jnjHtnirnm has of formiuK spirals by
the sidewise tortion of its midrib.
A lx)taiiiHtH' mocca. |
]*f(int World, \i, Feb., 1U03. p. :i.^.
Noleontht! Ilart's-tongue in Central New
York.
WOOD. )
MAYER, P. Die CaprelliiUe der Sibojja-
Expedition. Monographie xxxiv Iiuf:
I Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, | Botan-
isch, Oceano-graphiBch en (leologisi'b
(tebied | verzanield in Nederland2>ch
Oo8t-lndie 1899-1900 | aan boord II.
M. Sibo^ onder commando van | Lui-
tenant ter zee I* kl. G. F. Tydeman |
uitgegeven door | Dr. Max Weber |
Prof, in Amsterdam, Leider der Expe-
ditie I I^eiden | Juin 1903 |
Folio, 160 pp.. plH. i-x.
A eomprehcnidvc work eoTcring not oiilj
the results of the Siboga ExpeditioD, bat cpI-
lei*tionR from many different moaenms. Hej*
to the genera and specieii are given, aleo t
bibliography, faunal lliitB of speoieK, *» wd!
as a list of the Siboga collection, and a rlutp-
ter on the morphology, biology, and fAy-
lojjeny of the CaprelUdie.
M EARNS, EiKiAR A. The Ocelot cat^.
Pntc. r. S. Nat. Mus., XXV. No. WW. Sept.
17, 1902, pp. 237-249.
New spot;! cm: Frlia cottarieenau, F. rqvatv
rial is.
M ERRIAM, C. Hart. (See un«ler J. A.
Ali.kn.)
MERRILL, Gboroe P. A newlv fotuwl
metvorite from Mount Vernon, Cbrii»-
tian Comity, Ky.
.1 m . (irt^ogist, X X XI , Mar. . 1908, pp. 15<^1%
a brief jmper giving a preliminanr nutitf
of ii 8r>l-poiind pallaidte that had n>cenily
<(>me into the poasesBion of the NatioDal Mo-
stMim.
Stones I for | Building and Dei-
nnition. I By | (reorge P. Merrill'
( 'urator of ( re<^loi0:y in the Uniteid Stat**
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
161
MERRILL, Gborob P.— Continued.
National Maseum and Professor of
Geology | in Columbian University;
author of "Rocks, Rock- weathering,
and I Soils," "The Nonmetallic Min-
erals,'' etc. I Third edition, Revised
and Enlarged. | New York: | John
• Wiley & Sons. | London: Chapman &
Hall, Limited. | 1903.
8 vo., pp. i-xi, 1-551. pin. I-XXXIII, figH.
1-24.
This U a third edition of a work published
in 1891 and based upon the author's catalogue
of the Collection of building and ornamental
stones in the U. S. National Museum form-
ing a part of the Report of the U. S. National
Museum for 1886.
MILLER, Gbrrit 8., Jr. Two new Ma-
layan mouHe deer.
pTffC. Biol. Soc. Wa*h., xv. Aug. 6, 1902,
pp. 173-175.
Tragulus varus (p. 173) and T. bomeaniis
(p. 174).
Twenty new American bate.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Hci. Phila. May. 1902, pp.
389-412. (IsKued Sept. 12. 1902.)
Described as new: Antrozous minor (p. 389).
PipiMreUus cinnamomeug (p. 390), fHtsyptenis
floridanus (p. 392), Nydinomops (new genu8)
(p. 393), Syriinonwit* yucatnnicu» (p. 393),
Molosmtut nigricang (p. 395), ifolotunm prdiom*
(p. 3%). Nydinomtu antiUularum (p. 398),
Natalu* major (p. 898), NattUiut mrjricanus,
(p. 399), Chilonycteris innioricnieis (p. 400),
Chilonyctcris merieana {]>. 401) , Mormoiyp* tu-
midicfpg (p. 403). Dermanura vara (p. 404),
Dermanura phstotis (p. 405), Vampyrups /«-
tnostu (p. 4(^), Stenoderma lurite (p. 407),
Hemiderma tricolor (p. 408), Brachyphylla
nana (p. 409), MonophyUua cubanus (p. 410),
and Monophyllus lucise (p. 411).
A new bat from the Island of
Dominica.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, Dec. 16, 1902.
pp. 243-244.
Myotis dominicensis, p. 243.
Two new tropical Old World bats.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, Dec. 16. 1902,
pp. 245-246.
yyciinomus pusiUus (p. 245) , and Nyctinomus
j€ibensis (p. 246).
The common Nijctinomtut of the
Greater Antilles.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, Dec. 16, 1902,
p. 248.
A distinct species which should be known
as Nyctinomus muscultts Qundlach,
The external characters of Brachy-
phylla nana Miller.
Proe. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, Pw, J6, 19p2,
p. 249.
JfAT MTO 1W3 U
MILLER, Gebiut S., Jr. An overlooked
specimen of Chilonycteris pmhtis.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, Dec. 16, 1902,
p. 249.
A second specimen of Plerygiites
azoreum, Thomas.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, Dec. 16, 19(^,
p. 250.
The status of Nyctinomus nevadensis
(H. Allen).
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, Dec. 16, 1902,
p. 250.
Identical with Nyctinomops depressus
(Ward).
The generic position of Nyctinomus
orthotis H. Allen.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, Dec. 16, 1902,
p. 250.
A member of the genus Promops.
Mammals collected bv Dr. W. L.
Abbott on the coast and islands of
Northwest Sumatra.
Proi\ U. S. Nat. Mus., XX vi. No. 1317, Feb.
3, 1903, pp. 437-484.
The following species are described as new:
Tragulus amacnus (p. 439), Tragulus jugularis
(p. 440), Tragulus briTipes (p. 443), Tragidus
russt'us (p. 444). Rafufafcmoralis (p. 447), Ba-
tufa vigrescais (p. 448), Ratu/a Iscnata (p. 449),
Sciurus manstiiuris (p. 451), Sciurus bnncarus
(p. 451), Sciurus snturatua (p. 4.'>3), Sciurus
pretiums (p. 454), Sciurus ubericolor (p. 465),
Sciurus trcbus (p. 456). Mm simaJuretms (p.
458^, Mus surdus (p. 160), Mus domitor (p. 461),
Mus catcllijir (p. 4r>4), Lmnthrix (new genus)
(p. 46<'»). Lenothrix canus (p. 466), TrichyBma-
crofis (p. 469). and .\facacus fiiscus (p. 476).
Descriptions of eleven new Malay-
an Mouh»e Deer.
Prftc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi, Mar.l9, 1903, pp.
31-44.
The following npecles are described as new:
Tragulus lulescens (p. 32). Tragulus Jlavicollis
(p. 33), TragtduK /ormosus (p. 34), Tragulus
focaliniis (p. 35), Tragulus virgicollis (p. 37),
Tragulus natunw (p. 38), Tragulus ttuhru/us
(p. 39), Tragulus rubeus (p. 40), Tragulus
rmmlus (p. 41). Tragulus laTicatnmsis (p. 41),
Tragulus lampensis (p. 42).
A new name for Mu^ atralns Miller.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi, Mar. 19, 1903,
p. 50.
Mus atridorsum \» substituted for Mub airatus
Miller. 1902 (not Mus airatus Philippi. 1900).
The technical name of the Indian
Flying Fox.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi. Mar. 19, 1903,
p. 50.
The species should be known as Ft^opws
giganteus (BrOwilch).
162
REPOBT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
MILLER, Gerrit S., Jr. The short-
leaved eundew in Virginia.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi. June 25, 1903,
p. 102.
The plant is recorded from the vicinity of
Hampton, Va.
(See also under J. A. Allen and
Leonhard Stejneger. )
NEEDHAM, James G. A genealogic
study of dragon-fly wing venation.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu*., xxvi, No. 1331, Apr.
16, 1903, pp. 70a-764, pis. xxxi-Liv,
figs. 1-44.
NELSON, E. \V. The nomenclature and
validitv of certain North American
Gallintr.
Aiik, XIX, No. 4. Oct., 1902, pp. 386-391,
pl«. XIV. XV.
Reply to Mr. OkHvIc (irant'H "KemHrkson
the Species of American (Tiillina> recently
described and not en on their nomenclature"
(Ibis, 1902, pp. 233-24.5^ in which vnriouH
errors appearing in Mr. (J rant's paper are
rectified.
(See alno under J. A. Allen. )
0BERH0L8ER, Hakky 0. Some new-
South American birds.
Proc. V. S. Nat. Mint., xxv, N(». 1276, Awg.
30, 1902. i)p. 59-68.
DescriptionH of 12 new siiecies and sub- I
species and 1 new jfenus, viz.: Tfinmnophilii.^
ttphriH/agtfr (p. 59 1, Sf/wilfnwiif i*pi.ri notiiiK
(p. 60), -\V/t/ro;W« prrmoptfrun tp. 61).
Ovhthirca rujtmnrf/inutn ocrophila (p. 61),
MfVMCOTulim alntint (p. 62). .V. iftkinptrnis
fiipUuttuit (p. 63), lihiim'hvciidns acoiius (p.
63), Pcrimiftriccus (p. 64). Ihrnitrircus pani-
jnirtum (p. 61), Pinjunolnt'cns aUrni (p. 6o).
Sirtjgttut ifibiUifor atimnstus (p. (H\), Irturuit
pifrrhopttnis curnpHus ([>. (►M), ami rcUru,-i
pyrrhoptcniM nnjoptilu." (p. (is),
List of birds collected bv William
OBERHOLSER, Harry C.-<V)ntinued.
Oatherpcs mrzieanvi> poliopHlus is indicated as
new.
A synopsis of the genus Pmhri-
T. Foster in Paraguay.
Proc. V. S. xVa^ Mut:., xxv. No. 12K1, Scjit.
8. 1902. pp. 127-147.
A list of alxmt 60 sprcics, with critical
iioteK.
A new cliff swallow from Texas.
Prur. Biol. Sor. Hnnh.. XVl, Feb. 21, 19l«,
pp. 1.V16.
Pf^trochdiilou luhifr<ntii inchimi is descrilHHl
from I^angtry. Tex.
I)e8(.!riptioii of a new N'irco.
I*ri>i\ Biol. i<oc. Wash.. .\VI. F<'b. 21. UKVA.
pp. 17-18.
V'irco hfVii vn tiivs i.s described as a n<>w sub-
sfK-'cies from southwestern Tcxa.s.
A review of the genus Cdtherpr.'i.
Auk, XX, No. 2, April, 1903. pp. 19«>-19S.
('ondensed diagnoses and geographical di.s-
trihutions of five fonnf of thi.<igenus, of which
partis.
Auk, XX, No. 2, April, 1903, pp. 19^201.
Notes on the seven rec<^:nized fonojiof tbU
genu8, to which are added the type localities
and geographical distribution of each fonn.
PFENDER, Charles A. (See under
Charles W. Stiles. )
POLLARD, Charles Louis. Plants ii?ed
for Cuban confectionerv.
Ptant World, v, July, 1902, pp. 131-132.
A new station for the Grav Pt)lv-
pody.
Plant World, v, July, 19112, pp. 133-1S4.
P ( ) L L A R D, Charles I^ouw, and
KNOWLTON, Frank Hall.
Plant World, v. 16H-170. Sept., 19i«2. pp.
168-170.
A sketch of F. H. Knowlton's scientific and
literary work.
Two new violets from the east-
ern United States.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wcuh., xv, Oct 10, 1902,
pp. 201-208.
Describes VioUi tcnuipas and V. mwlfordar.
The families of flowering plant.*.
(Concluded from previous year.)
l^ant World Sujtplement, July-Dec.. 1902,
pp. 235-253.
POLLARD, Charles Uiuis, and CWK-
ERELL, THEt)iK)RE D. A. Four new
plants from New Mexi(X).
iVfx*. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, Aug. 6, l»l
pp. 177-179.
Violo u'ilmnttar. Primula fUisiit, and Arhil-
ltd Uuriflora are described as new specie**.
PKEBLE, Edward A. Birds of Keewa-
tiii.
Sorth Am. Fauna, No. 12, O-t. 31. 190:;
pp. 75-131.
An annotated list of all birds known t«»
(K'cur in this portion of the Hudson Bay n>-
gion, with copious references to previous
records.
RATHBl'N, Mary J. Note on the
^'enorif name of the horseshoe crab.
PrtH'. Biol. Soc. Wash., XV, Oct. 10. 1902,
p. 196.
(iivcs references to three binomial writers
who have used the name Xiphosura prior t»
tin* tirst description of Limidus.
' l)e8(Tii)tions of new species of
Hawaiian crabs.
Pn>r. r. S. Nat. Mas., xxvi. No. 1309, Nov.
18. 1902, pp. 75-77, 4 text flgB.
BIBLIOGBAPHY.
163
RATHBUN, Mary J.— Continued.
The crabs described, Cyclograptnis hmshaw,
and Ositu hawaiiensis, were obtained by
MeH8T8. H. W. Henshaw and R. C. McGregor.
Japanese stalk-eyed crustaceans.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu8., XX VI. No. 1807. Nov.
28, 1902, pp. 2a-66, 24 text figs.
Based on a collection made by Dr. David
8. Jordan and Mr. J. O. Snyder in 1900. Nine
shrimpfi and one hermit crab are described as
new.
The first series of specimens is in the U. S.
National Moseum.
Cralw from the Maldive Islands.
BiUl. 3Ius. Comp. ZooL, Hansard 0)U€g€^
XXXIX. No. 5, Dec. 1902. pp. 123-138, 1
plate.
A list of 28 spdue.** obtaine<1 by Prof. Alex-
ander AgH.««(i7. and party in 1901-1902, chiefly
in the lagoons of the Maldive atolls. Six
spHN'ies are des<"ribed as new.
(See also under J. A. Allen.)
RA VENEL, W. de C. The ran-Ameri-
can Exposition. Report of the repre-
sentative of the U. S. Fish Commission.
Rep. U. t>. Fish Om., 1901 (1902), pp. 289-
651, pis. 6-20.
RICHARDSON, Harriet. A new fresh-
water Isopmi of the genus MancaHfUuH
from Indiana (p. 121>4). A new terres-
trial Isopod of the genus Psemhirjiuidillo
from Cuba (p. 1295).
Pr<M\ r. S. Sat. Mum., xxv, Nos. 1294 ami
1295. Sept. 25. 1902. pp. 505-511. H t»-xt
figs.
The fiD»t spe<'ie.s ManaisdluH danidm wa.s
rollei'teii by Mr. L. E. Daniels at Lily I^ike,
Laporto. Iiid.; the hccoihI, l*n<ndnmio<IiUo
(jUliiinuit. was obtained at the Isle «>f IMnes,
Cuba, by Messrs. William Palmer niid J. H.
Riley.
RICHMOND, (^H.\RLEs W. Descriiition.'*
of eight new birds from islands off the
west coast of iSumatra.
Pnte. Iiu)l. Stpc. Woith., xv, .Vug. rt, 19ir2,
pi». 1«7-190.
Ihiiieomis major (p. 18JS) l*itiitinuit al}botti (]*.
18X), Thriponax imrvu* (p. 1S9), lli/pothi/tnix
abboUi (p. 1H9), Ifypothyinis consobrina (p.
189), Maicwapterun notaitnn (p. 190). and Sf<t-
ehyriit baujnkam« (p. 190) are described a.v new
Hpecies from Simalurand other islands off the
west coast of Sumatra.
Birds collected bv I>r. W. I..
.\MKjtt and Mr. C. B. Kloss in the .An-
daman and Nicobar islands.
I*rm\ V. S. Nat. Mug., xxv. No. Ijss. Sopt.
17, 1902, pp. 2H7-314.
A list of 101 species from the .\n(lamausand
>Mcobars, with notes by the colle<;t*>r>«. Zoi*-
RICHMOND, Charles W.— Continued.
terops ventraHn (p. 288), Stumia erythropygva
kaichalenna (p. 295), Rhinomyias nicobarica
(p. 295), Arachnechthra Mom (p. 297), Pitta
abboUi (p. 298), Spilomis klossi (p. 304), Astur
chmUiui (p. 306), OsmotreroncfUoroptera anda-
manica (p. 308), and Excaifactoria trinkutemris
are described as new. DiMemurusmaiabariciu
otio»u8 is a new name for D. afflnis, preoccu-
pied.
[Review of] P5ertoni*s **Aves
Nuevas del Paraguay."
Auk, XIX, No. 4, Oct., 1902, pp. 414-416.
Note on Pinaroloxiaa hiornata
(Oould).
Proc. liioL Sjc. HVw/*., xv, Dec. 16, 1902,
pp. 247-248.
Note showing that Pinaroloxia* inoniatn is
identical with CoatniiH at/asnizi.
Birds collectetl ])v Dr. W. L. Ab-
bott on the coast and islands of North-
west Sumatra.
/Vor. r. S. Nat. Mns., xxvi. No. 1318, Feb.
4, 190:^. pp. 485-524.
A li.stof 151 species collected or observed on
the coast and islands of Northwestern Suma-
tra, with field notes by the ('ollect4)r. The fol-
lowing species are named for the first time:
SpUornis ahbotli (p. 492), Piaorhina umhra (p.
494). PdartfopHifi fiimaluren^iit (p. 498). /*. soda-
lis (p. 499), MacropUryx jxrloinja (p. 502),
Cyaiwdrrnia /ulviventris (p. 507). TchHrai pr<t-
ccra {p. 510), (Iramtilus bahit mfin (p. 513), O.
fimnlummtis (p. 513), Caiiijuphtuja romptd (p.
514). Oriolus innnduH (p. 517). Cnlumlta (jriwa
and Corvustcmiirinttris w.r(t ri'named <'. plHUtma
ami <'. compihiUtr, res|>ectively, l»oth of the
former names being pre<H*('Upied.
KID(J\VAY, Robert. Smithsonian In-
stitution. I United States National Mu-
Heuni. I — I Bulletin | of the | Ignited
States National Museum. | No. 50. |
— I Part II. I [Seal] Washington: j
<iovernment Printing Office. | 1902.
The Binls | of | North and Middle
.\merica: | .\ Descriptive Catalogue |
of the I Higher (froups, Genera, Spe-
cies, and Su])-species of Birds | Known
to (K'cnr in North America, from the |
Arctic Lands to the Isthmus of Pan-
ama, I the West Indies and Other
Islands | of the (^aribbt^an Sea, ami
the I (ialapagos Archii)elago. | By |
Kol)ert Kidgway, | Curate )r, Division
of Birds. I — I Part II. | Family Tana-
gridt'c — The Tanagers. | P^andly Icteri-
<he — The Troui)ials. | Family Oerebi-
die — The Honey Creepers. | Family
164
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUdEXJH, 1903.
RIDGWAY, Robert— Continuecl.
Mniotilti(lH> — The Wood Warblers. |
— I Washington: | (lovemment Print-
ing Offiw. I 1902.
8 vo., pp. i-xx, l-8»4. pis. i-xxii. (Pub-
liHhtHl Oct. 16, 1902.)
The preuent part of this monograph deals
with four exclusively American families of
Passeres (Tana<jrri<lar. Icterida', C«rrebid»,
and Mniotiltida*), embracintir 77 genera and
433 spet'ies and subspecies. The treatment of
species is Kimilar to that follow(*d in the first
part of the work. Brief di^scriptions of the
known -pluniaKCH aire given, followed by
measurements, the Ke<^nii>hical ranges, an«i
a full synonymy. The following forms are
intnfduc*^! as new: Fhaninflhraupig rubiru
ml»ttni (p. 115 1. i'ompintlMi/pi/t aimricnua rn-
nuiiinir {\K i>'f}), (rn>thhjpiit iin^mipta (p. 677).
(i. trhjiia (p. 677), G. finvida (p. 67Ki. /»'. ml-
i^tni mit'rorhyiu'hn \\i. 6^5), WUmntia jniAiUo
rhrytttpia (j*. 714), Hn^ili uUniit cnlirintnin Jln-
rtitffns (p. 7r>r)), Mild HhiHlintwichla nnna cj-i-
mia (p. 770). Outline drawings representing
the (•harH<'ters of the 77 genera treate<i in this
[►art are giv»'ii in the 22 plates accompanying
the volume.
[Koview of] I*y<*nift*H (MaHHilica-
tion of thr FalconifornieH.
S4'i*-mf (new seriirs). xvii. Mar. 27. IVUXi,
r)0»J-511.
\ review of I'ycraft'M {mikt tm the cliissiti-
cation of this group, in which the reviewer
IH»intsout the gn-at similarity lK»twecn the
pn'M'iit arrangement and «>n(> fonnnlatedand
pnhlisluMl by him nearly thirty years iH'fore.
KILEY, .1. II. The aiithoritv for th<-
nain(> ft'etttriftjon rhrtfxla.
Auk XIX, No. I.Oct., 1<I02. p. \m.
('aIlsHtt('Utiontothcfa<'t that Salva<lori, not
H«>napar(t>, should he «juoted as atUhority for
tin* alM>ve namr.
I)t'.*«Tii»tion of a m*w <^iiail Dove
from \\iv Went Imlie.s.
/Vof. /;/*»/. N/f. M'fJ*/!., XVI. Ffh. 21. llUKi.
pp. 1:MJ.
(i<ulr;/(;tni salt:* ili'MTiU**! fn>ni .^alrn Island.
ROSE, JosKiMi N. Studies of Mexican
and Central .Vnieriean plants. No. l^.
Cotdrih. I'. S. yat.JInh.. viii. No. 1. June,
1«KK{. pp. 1 .V). pN. 1-12. tigv. 111.
DcwHIm's two n»*w gt'Ut'ra and r>s siH.'cies,
revises wveral g<*ncra suoh as I'otiauthfs,
Man/rtild, <v»/o</a«/«t. and Cornii*. and re.vtf)res
Mnnjrrda to gnieric rank.
KOSK, Jo-sKi-H N., with IIKMSLKY, W.
HoTTiNii. l)iagnoH*s Sjtfcirruni (jnuriH
Juliana Schh'oht. America' Tropinc
Annah of liotany, xvn. No. 66. Mar., 190:i.
pp. 44.S-446.
The genus and species are redescrll»ed and
two new species are added.
This paper is to be followed by an illustrated
monograph,
SCIIUCHERT, Charles. On the Lower
Devonic and Ontario fonnationt> of
Mar>'land.
Proc. V. S. yat Mu9., xxvi, No. 1313. Ftb.
3, 1903, pp. 413-424.
Describes in detail the entire Upper Siloiic
strata of Maryland, which have a united
thicknem of 8,109 feet. These fonnationji are
followed by the Lower Devonic deposits, with
a thicknem of 608 feet (Helderbcr^ian, 20
fc>et, and Oriskanian, 348 feet). The TariiKu
fomiationj) are baaed on fossil content as tixA
by the New York series, are of the North At-
lantic type, and were laid down in the Cmn-
l>erlHnd Mediterranean.
[Review of] ** Mormt on Hviu^'
})nu*hioiKKis.*'
Am. lifitUigiM, Feb.. 1903, pp. 112-121.
\ review of " Olwervations on living bmrh-
io|KMls." by Edward 8. Morse. The reviewer
adds otlier observations ljaw>d on fossil fonn!i
and ewjiecially regarding the punctate shHl
of bnichio|MMis.
Tlie I. II. llarriH eullc^tion of in-
vertehrate fctenils in the V. S. National
Mii«nnn.
Am. (ittilitgut, Mar.. 19UCi, pp. 131-135.
This paper presents a biographic sketch «*i
Mr. Harris and an aifount of his large c'lu-
cinnatian citllection, as now installeil in this
Museum. Also a list of the many ci^llectoni
and paleontohn^ists boni or raise<l in the n*-
gioii of the Cincinnatian nicks.
On the ManliiiH formation of New-
York.
Am. (irttlogitU Mar., 1903, pp. l(H)-17s.
The " Coralline lime»t<»ne"coiTellated with
the Niagara, is here shown to be but a [lart of
the Manlius formation as originally detlnH
by Vaiuixem. The Manlius formation b
then redefined: the fauna of the lV)bleskiH
nicml»er is also reviewed.
SIM1»S()N, ('iiARLKs T. A new Naia«i
from New Zealand.
StiHtUunt, XVI. No. 3, July, 1902, p. :».
JHjtltxlon Mvfwfrrt is described as new.
ShMl^SON, Charles T., and HENDER-
SON, John B., Jr. A new Haitien
C-hondropoma.
yautiltju<. XVI, No. 8, Dei".. 1902, pp. i!iS-8».
("hondropoma supcrbum from Thomaaeau.
Haiti, is described and figured as new. The
type i.** in the collection of the V. S. National
Mu.M'uni (No. 168798).
SMITH, JoH N B. Oontributioiui towani
a monograph of the lepidopterouM foui-
ily Noctuidw of Boreal North Anierii«.
A revinion of the mothfl referred to the
genus lAiicania^ with descriptions d
new 8i)ei'ie8.
Proc. v. S. yat. Mut„ XXV, No. 1288; Sepl.
13, 1902, pp. l&^-m, I>]S. T, Ti.
BIBUOGBAPHT.
165
TMITH, John B.— Continueti.
N«'W K(>niu.: yeieucania.
New HjK'oieR: Jjcucania lutfopallen$, L. rubri-
jmUentt, L, olntrurior, L, limitata, L. Mera, L.
ti/7>/i>, L. mcgaflin, L. nntrroctnrn, L. calgari-
ana, L. orrgona, L. palluirca, Nrleucnnia nirei-
cotia^ y. citroneUa.
New name: Latcania lutina.
SNYDER, John Otterbein. (See under
David S. Jordan.)
STARKS, Edwin Chapin. The relation-
nhip an<l osteology of the caproicl fiphee
or Antigoniidse.
PrtH'. V. S, Nat. Mum., xxv, No. 1297, Sept.
25, 1902, pp. 565-572, figs. 1-3.
The shoulder ginlle and cliaracter-
istic ostt»ology of the Hemi branchiate
fiphef).
Prtjc. r*. 5. Nat. Miui., XXV, No. 1301. Nov.
4, 1902, pp. ril9-6:VI. figK. 1-6.
New 8iH*ci««: Macrorhampho*us miJifiu:
(See also under David S. Jcirdan. )
STEARNS, R. E. C. Iffilx var. rirnnu-
rtiriuata and PyramUixila elrodi.
Smttilun, XVI, 6. Oct., 1902, pp.61-4V2.
Pijramiduhi elrofli and Kpiphnt-
ijimophfira rirrumrtirinata .
yaittiluii, XVI, 7, Nov., 1902, pp. Ki-M.
The Oriental Svcamon* as a ntret^t
tree.
J'aciJIr Rurftl IWntf, Dw. 20. 1902, San
Franciiwo.
KecommendM the planting in California
Btri'eti* and det»cril)e« the ineritM, ete.
Ihac.gma (wstntih for l)asketry pur-
poses, etc.
Paci/lr Rural Prew, Fet). 21. 1908. Pan
Francifiico.
HuggeMtK theUKe of the leaver for nialcing
liafiketif, hampere, matui etc.
Mollusks occurrinj? in Houthern
California.
Xautihm, xvi, 12, April, 1908, pp. lltt-l.-M.
Eucalyptus cultivate<l in the
rnite<i States.
SHrnce, xvii. May 29, 1908. pp. 8.'»8-860.
STKTNEGER, Leonhard, Blue foxes on
the Pribylof Islands.
Science (new series), x vi, Ang. 22, 1902, pp.
SKMtll.
Diflcuiwes the statiflticii of the number of
blue foxen killed in the Pribylof iHlands and
conniders the results obtained from nparing
the females as satisfactorj'.
The reptiles of the Huachucha
Mountains, Ariz.
Proe.l U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, No. 1282, Sept. 8,
IMS, pp. 14»-lfi6.
8TEJNEGER, Leonhard— CJontinued.
Described a» new: Lampropeltis pyrrhth
metama ceAitnop9 (p. 153): type, U. 8. N. M.,
No. 22375; and TantiUa wUcwri (p. 156); type,
IT. 8. N. M., No. 19674. New name: Ixiwpro-
peJti* holbrookii foT<y)rmelln mgi Holbrook, not
of Schlegel (p. 152) .
Ringduens forekomst omkrin^;
Bergen.
Naturen (Bergen), xxvi, Oct., 1902, p. 319.
A brief note on the occurrence of the ring-
neck dove ( Cnlumba paiumbus) in the neigh-
borhood of Bi>rgen. Norway,
Some generi(! names of turtles.
Proc.BUA. Sttc. Wwh.. xv., Dec., 16, 1902,
pp. 235-238.
Shows that Stcmothcrus Is a synonym of
Kinostrmon, and that Pclu9io» xnwsX be used
for the gentu usually known as Stemothce-
rus: furthermore, that Emyt( syicngleri is the
type of Offrmjftin necessitating a new generic
name for G. ^pinom, for which Ueotemytt is
proposed.
A salamander new to the District
of (^oluinbia.
/VfW. Butl. .SfK*. Wanh., xv, Dec. 16, 1902.
pp. '239-240.
So\e» i\\H,i A mhy»loma mm^ulatum has been
taken at Twining City, D. r.
Rediscoverv of <uie of Holl)r(X>k*8
salaniaiKlers.
/Vf>r. V. S. Nat. Mim.. XXVI. No. 1321. .Ian.
29, 1903, pj». rv'>7-,ViK.
The sjK'cies re<liscovered b* Ik-fttmtgmithu«
quail rimantlatn from the m<»nntains of North
('arolina.
Description (►f a new Hi)ecies of
Gecko from Cocos Inland.
/Vw. Jihtf. .Sfx-. W(i*h.. XVI, Feb. 21, 1903,
I»p. 3-4.
Di»s<TllK'<l as new: Spfurrodadtflug paciflan';
tyiM', r. .<?. N. M.. No. :^1057.
A new name for the 1 lawaiian
hint genus Oreomyza.
Pror. Bittl. Sttc. Wa/fh., xvi. Feb. 21. I9I«.
p. 11.
Oreomyza Stejneger l>eing pre<»c<"Upie<l, the
new name OrromyftiB is .vnlMttitutetl.
Ridgway*8 classification of the
Falconifonnes.
SeUficf (new seriw), x^ni, Apr. 17, 1903.
pp. 628-629.
Shows that Ridgway's cla8siflcati(m has
been followed in the che<'k list of North
American binls publishiHl by the American
Ornithologists' Union.
STtUNEGER, Leonhard, and MILLER,
Gbrrit S., Jr., IMan for a hiological
survey of the palearctic region.
YearbiHik (\imegie InMUution, No. 1, 1902,
pp. 240-266.
166
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
STFJNEGER, LE<>xiiARi),iiml MILLER,
(rKKKiT S., Jr. — Continued.
An flulK»rato scht-mc for a hiotic Mirvey of
llu* Old World north of thi» tropics, preHrntiMl
in resiMmw to the invitation of tlio Carnegie
rnstilution for "siyfK^eHtionH, opinions, and
advice as to tiehls th«t it «»n»fht to CM'cnpy
and the In-st nicthiMls for carrying forwanl it8
w(»rk in those fields."
STILP>^, Charkfih Wardell. The type
HiHJcieH of certain jrenem of panusitic
fla>ci»llateH, particularly (Jraw*i'H jj^enera
of lS79ana IHSl.
ZtHtl. Anztif/tr, U'ipz.. No. IVS'J. XXV, Se[»t.
29. llXrj. pp. f.K«J-t>\»o.
H(X)k-\vonn ilisea*«e in the South.
Frecpieney of infection by the para^it*'
( lununr'ut anur'nutmi) in rural dint rict**.
l*kth. Ilmlth lit IK, XVII. No. -13. Oct. 24.
iwr2. pp. 2i;W-24:V4.
A preliniinary re[M»rt to th«* SurKeon-Geii-
iTiil, Puhlii* Health and Marin<*-n<»spitMl
S<Tvice.
Th(* significance' <»f tlie recent
.Vinerican case's of h(»ok-\voriii <lisea*<e
( un(inaria.*<is or anchylostoinia.Mls) in
man.
l>ith Ann. li'tji. Ihinttn An i null FiuiiU't.,
r. S. Ihpf. Affrir.. V.Hr2, pp. iKXJl'.t, tlfTM.
113-1%.
Fro«;s, toa<ls, and carp {(^ifjtri}ut.'<
I'firjnn) a.s erad icators of fhike <li.*<ease.
/*»7/i Ann. I!i ji. Hurt a u Auinml hi'hi.'tt.,
r. S. Ihpt. Afrric, 1902. pp. 220-222. lig-.
1'.»7-2<K?.
Further invent igationw on verniin-
ou.« di.Meases of cattle, .^heep, and ^'oats
in TexaH.
/s//i Ann. lit p. Ihirrnu Animal Inthint..
r. >. Ihjit. .{i/rir.. I'.Mrj, pp. 2'J;'.-22'.».
A <ase of infection with th(^
doul)le-j)ore«l doj; tapeworm ( Dijtffli-
tllum r(niiiitnn) in an .\merican child.
Am. Mulitint, v. No. 2. Jan. lU, IWo, pp.
\V>-{'*\, W)^. 1-7.
Report upon the prevalence and
geographic jlintribution of hook w<»rni
disease (uncinariasit. or anchvlostomia-
sis) in the T'nite<l States.
Hull. UK Itu'.i- /•"^., ^' •'^■. -'*"''. lloilth awl
Mar.-Ihntp. Strv., Feb., liKG. pp. 1-121.
figs. 1-Hk
A parasitic roundworm [Ayumih
STILES, Charles Wardell. The t\|*
8i)ecit»8 of the cestocie genu.«« Hmnm-
Hull. 15, Jlyg. TjoIk, U. S. Ptib. HmUh Mitd
Mar.'Ump. Serr., May, 1903. pp. 1<»-21.
STILES, Gharlb* Wardell, and H.\S-
S A LL, A LBERT. Strotigijloitle^ MtTCttnirtf,
the c<»rreet name of the parasite of
C'Otthin China <Harrhea.
Am. Meflirint. I*hila., iv. No. % Aw«. :ai.
1902, p. a43.
liertieUitj new name for the ct^to<le
p»nu8 /?^/7tVi Blanohartl, 189L
Science (new w?rie»), xvi. No. 402. .^rpi. VI
1902, p. 434.
Index-catalogue of ine<lical and
mtrmin cullflxy n. g,, n. sp. ) in Ameri-
can mosi-iuitoes [CuUx soU'wittrnn) .
Hull. lA, Ihifj. iMh., r. S. Puh. lit tilth ami
Mar.-Uo8p. iScrv., May, 1903, pp. 15-17.
veterinary zooU>gy.
BuU. No. S9, Burtau Animal Indutt.. ('. ^.
Jkpt. Aijric. Part 1, Authors, k u» Ki-^
vedo, pp. 1-46 (i.ssued May, 1902); Pani
Authors, B to Buxton, pp. 47-1^ \\^\\v*\
Feh..l90:i): Parts. Authors, C to ^^ycau.
pp. 199-:i24 (l*wue<l May, 1903).
STILES, Charles Wardell, and PFKN-
DKR, Charles A. The failun* of thy-
mol to exi»el whipworms (TViV/iun*
ilt'jtrt'Kjfinscuhi) from dogs.
Jiturn. Cmnp. Mai. atui VtL Arch.. Philn..
XX III, No. 12. Di*c.. 1902, pp. 733-740.
STONE, Wither. A collection of binls
from Sumatra, obtained bv Alfred C.
Harrison, jr., and Dr. H. M. Ililler.
/V«x'. Acad. Nat. Si'i. Pfiila. for 1902 (Jan.
'20, 190;^), pp. 670-691.
A briefly annotatitl list of about 140 ppeciffl
obtaine<l in the Padang and LampoD); Uiv
trirts of Sumatra. HMnomj/ian umbratilit
(Stricklainl) in found to I>e the ot>rrtret nnunf
of the Buniean siHH'iei*, at pn^sent known a-^
A*, jttctttralix (Salvadori), and the Suniatran
f«»rni is deseri)>ed as Rhinomyioj* tinibnitUif
rit'hminitli (p. i'ACt).
TASSIN, Wirt. The Ca«as (Jrandes^ me-
tei>rite.
7Vo<\ r. S. Nat. Mm., xxv. No. 1277, Sept.
2. 1902, pp. 69-74, pi. I-IV.
An Hualysis of the meteoric iron re|»orted
as haviiiKbeen found in the ancient Mexican
ruins of Casa.M Grandes in the State of Chi-
hualum. A bulk analysis is given, together
with other determinations of the nickel and
roUilt. tending to show that the compoedtion
varies on dilTerent portions. The followlnir
uiiiieral.s were isolated aiid analyzed sepa-
rately: Troilite.schreiberHite, taenite: graph-
itic <'arlxni was also present in small amoiuiU
and an undetermined aillcate.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
167
THAYER, Gerald H. The coloration
au*l relationHhipH of Brewster's War-
bler.
Atij:,xix, No. 4, Oct., 1902, pp. 401-402.
A note sliowing that the typical bird iH
without a trace (»f yellow on the under sur-
fa<*e. The relationMhIp« of this warbler with
JMtninthophila pinu« and H. chryBoptera are
alito dincuHWHl.
THOMAS. Oldfieli). (See under J. A.
Allen.)
ULKE, Henry. A list of the l)eetleH of
the District of Columbia.
Proc. V. S. Nat. .Vint., xxv. No. 1*275, Sept.
2, 1902, pp. 1-67.
UNDEKWOOI), LiriKN M., an<l
MAXON, William R. Notes on a
colle<'tionof (-uban Pteridopliyta, with
deseriptions r>f four new species.
Bull. Turrry Bttt. Club, XX IX, Oct., 19(R»,
pp. 577-684, 1 fig.
Notes «)n a collection made by Messrs.
CharlfS LouiM Pollard, William Palmer, and
Dr. Edward Palmer, in 1902. AUophila grn-
ri7i>, Polj/iHxlinm cryptum, Agpltniuin wnu»-
turn, and fh'pltu/ium iiemulum arc described a«
new. The name PidyMirhum aquijolium is
lAropoee<l for the homonym IHAyfiichum iliri-
fnlium of Fi>e. /*. cryptum is figured.
VArCiHAN, T. Wayland. Fuller's
earth of southwestern (xeoixia and
western Florida.
/'. S. Ciajl. Surv.. Mintral licnnirrcH /or
1901 (1902), pp. 922-934.
Give* a general account of the occurrt-nces
of fullers earth In the region covere<l by the
report, with the resultu of practical tests and
analyses made by Dr. Hcinrich Ries.
Evidence of recent elevation alonj?
the westward extension of Florida.
Sdritcf (new series), xvi, 1902, p. 514.
Presents evidence which tends to show
that the Florida coast s<mth of Tallahassee is
rising at a rate of approximately 2 feet a
century.
An a<idition to the coral fauna of
the Aquia Eoirene formation of Mary-
land.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wath., xv, 1902. pp. 205, 206.
Reviews the species of Eocene corals of
Maryland, and cites an additional species,
HaimenaMrara conJerUx Vaughan, from lower
Marlborough.
A redescription of the coral Platy-
trochug specioftus.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wa»h., xv, 1902, pp. 207-
209, 5 figs.
The types (two specimens) of this species,
named by Gabb and Honi, are redeMcril>ed
and referred to the genus TrocltocycUhm.
VAUGHAN, T. Wayland. Corals of
the Buda Limestone.
BuU. V. S. Geol. Surr., No. 20B, 1903, pp.
37-40, 89-92, pis. XXVI, XX VII.
The Buda limestone is the uppermoet for-
mation of the Cretaceous Comanche Series of
Texas. The following species are described,
ParaamUia ttxana, sp. nov., Tr<tcho»milia (?)
sp. indet.. Coral sp., Orbicflla (?) taxamu^p.
nov., I^eptophyUiasp. (No. 1), TjcptophyUia »p,
(No. 2).
Fuller's earth <leposits of Florida
and Georgia.
BuU. V. S. Gtol. Surv., No. 213, 1902 (1908),
pp. 392-399.
This is practically a republication of the
article cited alH>ve and publLshinl in the Min-
eral Resoun'es of the U. 8. Geological Survey
for 1901.
Corrections to the nomenclature
of the Eocene fossil corals of the United
States.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Waah., xvi, 1908, p. 101.
Proposes the generic name Aldrichiella for
AUlrichia Vaughan, preoccupied, and shows
that the ty|>e species of Rhectopaammia
Vaughan, is the young of Endttpac.hys maclu-
rei ( Lea) . The former generic name is there-
fore abandtmed.
VAUGHAN, T. Wayland, HAYES, C.
Willaki), and SPENCER, Arthur C.
RejMirt on a geological reconnaissance of
Cuba, made under the direction of Gen.
lA'onard Woo<l, Military Governor.
Ann. Rfp. Military (iorrmor of (hiba, 1901,
I)p. 1-128, pis. xxix, figs. 16.
Contains the results of a general geological
rei'onnaissance of Cuba and the Isle of Pines,
made during Mar(>h, April, May, and June.
1901. by Dr. C. Willard Hayes, in charge, as-
sisted by Mexsrs. Si>encer and Vaughan. The *
following chai»ter or i»rincipal section head-
ings give the scope of the work: (ieography;
Topography, including mountains, plains,
drainage; General (it»ology, including strati-
graphics and structural geology and geologic
history. The greater portion of the report is
devoted to the economic geology. The sec-
tion headings are Gold, Copper, Lead, Man-
ganese, Iron, Chromium, Bitumen (including
aiiphalt. mineral tar and petroleum), and
there are notes on coal, asbestf>s, salt, and
structural materials. A section is devoted to
a description of the geology of the Isle of Pines,
and numerous elevations along the principal
lines of railway are given In an Appendix.
Published also in separate form.
WALCOTT, Charles D. Cambrian
Brachiopoda: AcrotretOj LinnarsoneHa^
Obolus; with descriptions of new species.
Proc. r. S. N(U. Mu8., xxv, No. 1299^ Nov.
8, 1902, pp. &l1-«Yi.
168
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
WALCOTT, Charles D.— Continued.
In this paper Doctor Wak*ott oontinnes hi8
Htudiofl of Cambrian brachiopods. He dc-
fincH the genus AcriUretn, 21 new 8pe<'ie8 or
new varietieH and 12 old Hpeeiei<; the new
f^enuK Linuarsoiifila, with 2 new and 1 previ-
ously de>*cribed Hpec'ies; Broggeria, a new 8ub-
genu8 of OhtAiis, with 1 8iK»cie«. Of Lhi-
fftdella 4 new and 4 old sjHM'ies are de«»ribe<l,
and of Wrtionia 1 new 8i>eoieH.
WHITK, David. Description of a foesil
alga from the Chemung of New York,
with remarks on the genus HaJiserites
Sternberg.
JiuU. y. y. state Mu9eum, No. r>2, 1901,
1902, pp. 69&-r>10, pla. 3, 4.
The principal 8pecimen8 described in this
paper, which M'an published in the Report of
the State Paleontologint, are from the Che-
mungstrataof East WindHor, Broome County,
N. Y.,and are referrcrd to a new genus, Tham-
lUiclaOiis, and are named Thamvorlailutt
clarkei. The new genu8 is differentiated fn)m
ButhfUr^thh, l*isiUtphyton, und IfaliHcn'tof, to
the latter of which specimens of the new
genus have hitherto been referred. The
UHme Tstniocmda is proiKwed for the mem-
branaceous algoid pliiiit conforming to the
genus Haii^ritrs as defined by Pcnhallow.
The tyt>e species is «aid to l>e T.niiomuia
ictiqueri luii. formerly illustrated us H(ili»nritnt
(lechaiianus.
WHITE, David. Memoir of Ralph
Dopuy Lacoe.
BvU. Qfol. Soc. America, Xlli, 1901 (Feb..
1908). pp. 509-^15.
In addition to an account of the life of
R. D. Lacoe, a bibliography ia given and ref-
erence made to the conecUonx dcmated by
him to the U. S. National Museum. Thi><te
collectionfl embraced about 17,000 Paleoznir
plant fofisfls, including over 575 desi*ribed or
figured specimens; ROO Dakota plants, includ-
ing a large number of types; nearly 5,000
specimens of fosail insects, of which over 200
are types; 400 specimens of foasil vertebmtes:
a large amount of unpublished plant mate-
rial, and several thousands of insects imrtially
reported on by Doctor Scudder.
WILSON, Charles Branch. North
American parasitic eopepocl« of the
family Arguliilw, with a bibliography
of the group and a systematic review
of all known H|»eciea.
PrtH-. V. S. yat. Xus., XX v, N<». 1302. Nov.
25, 1902, pp. 6&^742, pis. VIII-XXVII. 23
text figs.
A comprehensive report on the Arguli«l;i.'.
comprising a historical sket<!h. bibliography,
an a''C<miit of their ecology, ontogeny, and
morj.»hology, and a systematic review of the
species. The following spe«'ies are describt^l
JLS new : ArpuUts niper, A. viaculo*tu9, A. rtrfi-
n}hr, A. americanut.
The following rc'feren(\»H to jjajiers by Dr. TheiKl(>re Gill, published between Sej>-
teml)er, 18W, and May, 1902, were not fiirnislie<l in time to be included with the
bibliographien accompanying the reports for those years, and are therefore printe<i
in connection with the Museum bibliography for 1903, at his request.
GILL, Theodore. Desirability of cxten-
.««ion of study of Cjtrp^. ( Editorial. )
Oitprq/, IV, No. 1. Sept., 1899. pi>. 9-10.
The desirability of extending the study of
eggs beyond tln-ir shells is urged. The in-
vestigations of Vah-ncieniies jind Fromy on
the contents of the vrk, publishod in 1854, are
n-ferrrd to, and the difference l>etweon the
reaction to )>oiling is indicated in the ca.se of
the albumen of th«* 1^i>winK. Data are aske<l
for as "to the absolute and relative time re-
<juired by the white and yellow to become
hard in boiling, the degree of lmrdnes.M a<'-
quired, and the l>ehavior (»f white and yellow
to reagents." It is als<.) uddtMl that " the e<li-
bilityandtasteofeggsofdifferent kinds would
also be i nteresting subj ects for i n vest igat i( »n . "
Popular ijfuorance of birds. (Kd-
it4)rial. )
Oxprty, IV, No. 3, Nov., 1899, i)p. 43-J-l.
The wide publication of a note on '* A bird
w^ith a monkey face" is taken as the text <»f
an editorial tm the general ignorance of com-
mon binls. Tin* bird in question wa.s a com-
mon Bam Owl.
(JILL, TiiEOTX)RE. The largest binlg.
(Kditorial.)
Ospref/. IV, No. 4. Dec., 1899, pp. 57-^.
The opinion of J. E. Hartiug that the IHwr-
uis vuiximuH was "the laiigeat known bird
that had ever lived" is noted. The Thrumf-
ta» Jiarpjfia, or Harpy Eagle, is declan^ to be
apiMirently the largest bird of prey, weighing
'JS to 'M pounds. Attention is called U> the
overl«Niked fact that the common Turkey
may be "the largest bird that flies." a.« it
NoiiH'times may exceptionally attain a weight
of 70 i^Kiunds. Such a turkey, however, co*»ld
scarcely lly.
Esthetic binls: The Bower Binls
of AuHtralia and New Guinea.
Ontpmj, IV, No. 4. Jan., 1900, pp. C7-71.
A summary of the knowledge acquired a^
specting the nesting habits of the Bower
Kinis, or I*tilonorhynchin», is given and the
"bowers and playing grounds** as well w
"nests and eggs" of species described and
illustrated by 3 figures representing the
.<atin Bower Bird and its nest and eggs, as
well as the Bower of the Ureat Bower Bird.
^BIBLIOOBAPHT.
169
GILI^ Theodore. Origin of the Ha-
waiian fauna.
Otprey, IV, No. 5, Jan., 1900, p. 78.
An editorial comment on the character of
the vertebrate fauna of the Hawaiian iRlandn
in correlation with the omitholofo'-
Esthetic birds: the hut and the
garden of the Gardener bird of New
Guinea. After Odordo Beccari.
Otprey, IV, No. 6, Feb., 1900, pp. 8a-«6.
A description I« given of "the bird," "the
hut," and "the garden" of the Gardener
bird, Amblyomi* inomalus. In an Introduc-
tory editorial note additional information is
given.
The origin of the Hawaiian fauna
(editorial. )
Onprey, iv, No. 6, Feb., 1900, pp. 90-91.
A continuation of a former editorial article
on the Rame mibject. in which the land Nhell-
bearing («a*«teropods are considered. The
conclusion is reached that "the extent of
differentiation and segregation of the pre-
dominant Achatinellinefl almtjst compels us
to l>elieve that their progenitors came upon
the islands very early. With the prest>nt fee-
ble light to guide us, it seems to be more
likely that these progenitors cjimc from the
we*»t<^»f the islauds." This is in contrast with
the indications furnished by the birds as at
present understood. We are thus left in an
uni4ettled condition, and mu.«tt await future
more detailed studies.
Mercantile value of eggs.
Owprry, iv. No. 7. Mar., 1900, pp. 11*9-110.
In response to an inquiry why a great auk's
egg .should be considered more valuable tlian
that of an Aeppomis, the circumstances regu-
lating value in the nature of demand and
supply are indicated.
Love of nature.
O^prey, iv, No. 9, May, 1900. pp. H1-1J'2.
An editorial on the cause and manifestation
of love for nature.
On the z<K)-geographicaI relations
of Africa.
Scienrc (new series), xi, June 8, iy0(), pp.
900-901.
An abstract of "a communication to the
National Academy of Sciences made April IM.
1900." Itiscontenddl that the African fauna
" has two sides, facing in opposite directi<ms,
and it can not be understood without taking
both into consideration." The assrK'iation of
Africa with Asia or Europe is "illogical and
falsifies the record." "Whatever facts a
classification may be intended to embody,
the African fauna must be isolated. If we
wish t<^ express, in our terminology, a former
condition of afTairs, Eogsea Ls a term adapted
to do so."
GILL, Theodore. Eogsea and Antarctica.
Sclmce (new series), June 8, 1900, p. 913.
A list of articles by the writer on the geo-
graphical anias in question.
=- The African tiger fish.
Fbrrst and Stream, LV, June 23, 1900, p. 488.
The African fresh-water "tiger fish," re-
garded as a superior game fish, is a "member
of a genus peculiar to Africa {Ili/droryon),'*
belonging to " the family of Characinids."
Significance and etymology of the
word mammal.
0$prcy, IV, No. 10, June, 1900. pp. 157-159.
The etymology imagined in the Centur>'
Dictionary and others is shown to be errone-
ous. The name mammalia is declared to have
been formed by Linnaeus in analogy with
Animalia, from the word mamma with the
suffix alia. The singular, consequently,
should be mammal and not mammale. Tlie
history of the anglicize<l form mammal and
Mammifer is also indicated.
Edward Drinker Cope. — Herpeto-
logical and ichthyological contribu-
tioiiH.
Proc. Am. Philmoph. Sov., Memorial Vol-
ume, I, 1900, pp. 274-296 (Printed Aug. 3,
1900).
An address delivere<l at a meeting in mem-
ory of Edward Drinker Cope, in tlie hall of
the American Philosophical Sim iety. hold at
Philadelphia, Nov. 12, 1897. under tlie aus-
pici's of eight institutions with which Co[k?
liad been intimately connected.
The nature of tl>c contributions and tht* in-
fluence whit'h they exerted on the scienc^es
under c<.»n8ideration are set forth,
C'orresipondonce of and about Au-
. (hibon and HwaiiiHon.
Oftprry, v, No. 2. Nov. and De«'., 1900, pp.
23-35.
A summary is given of the letters fn)m
Audulion to Swainson, written between 1829
and ItCtt*, and preserved in tlie collections of
the Linna.*an S«K'iety of Lond(»n: (*omments
are given on the relations of the natural-
ists of that i>eriod. In an editorial in the
winie volume (pp. 29-:W) further comments
are adde<l.
Titles of magazines and ccillec-
tiouH.
Oaprqf, V, No. 4, Mar. and Apr., 1901, [). (".2.
Comments are made on the titles on various
magazines and collections.
Names of magazines.
Oitprty, V, No. 5, May, 1901, pp. 77-78.
The dl.scussion of the subje<*t commenced
in the i>re<'eding numlier of the Oitprey is
('ontinn«'<l and suggestions for improvement
offered.
170
EEPOBT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903,
GILIJ, Theodore. The proper name of
BilelloHtomii or Heptatrema.
/V*»r. r. S. Nnt. Mm*., xxili. No. 12»4,
Jiinefi, 1901, TStS-TSW.
Tilt* name Heptatrt'ina is traced bark to it«
orif^iii and the hiHt4»r>'(>f the nomenclature of
tlie genuN detailed. It is f<h(»wn that the
earliest name wax EpUUretu* (1819) and that
oonneqnently the family name nhonld >h«
Kptatrfiifl:r.
Note on the jjenus Tfollandia of
Karsh.
SHencr. (new KcrieK), xiii, .Tune 1-1, 1901,
pp. W!^V»50.
The name HoUandUi, having lieen applied
in 1892 tt> one genus, eonld not be given to a
secrond, an<l eon»e«iuently the genus of but-
terflies uame<l IloUaniUa by Karsch in 1897
Is renamed HoUandella. The family Ifitlan-
(tiid:*' is degrade<l to the rank of a subfamily
nanuMi UoUniidtllinir.
The i)opularity of White's Sel-
lM>nie.
Oitprey, v, Nt>. 7, July, VMM, p. 107.
In view of the publication of over a liun-
<lre<l editions^tand of three within the jiast
year), iin inquiry is institute<l into the cause
of the popularity of Gilbert White's celebrated
work.
Nonienrlatnre at Berlin.
Oitprtt/, V, No. 8, Aug., 1«»()1. pp. r2(>-127.
O^mments arc niadt? on .some of the rules
promulgat«Ml by the rc<'ent Zoological Con-
gress at Berlin, as well as certain nanuts pub-
lished by French ornithologists. The «Titi-
cized names are such as were formed by
••<'omis»undiug the first part or syllabb-s of
oiu' w«»Tdand the final elements of another,"
siich as KtnlMrnafff'n <'oniiM»sed of Kiiiltfr[u:n]
and [Tii]iuujni.
TIh' ( )Hprey or Fishliawk; its char-
iu'teristics and hal)its.
n^tjun/. V, in the following numbers: Ni>.
1. Sept.. P.»00, pp. 11-12; No. 2. Nov.. IIKK), !
pp. 2')-2H; No. ;{. .bin.. PJOl, pp. J(M2: i
No. 1, Mar.. VM\, pp. r><MU; No. .'>. Mjiy,
1901. ])p. 7;t-7r»; No. 0. .luiie. P.K)1, pp.
{Yl-ivi: No. 7, .Inly. 11>01. ]ii». lUVlOt'.; No.
8, Aug..liHn. pp. 121-12;'>: No. 9, S«'i>t..
l'.»01, p. Ill (endj.
Life and I>«'tterH of Thonuus Henrv
llnxlev. Bv lii« son, I^»<jnard 11 nx-
ley. [A review.]
Osprnj, V, No. 3, Jan. and Feb. 1901, pp. 47-4S.
Work and worry forthe classicist^.
Ospny, V, No. 9, .S«*pt., 1901, pp. 142-113.
An editorial on nomenclature induced by
siime n-markable names recently published
involving given and family names, such a**
tjivnniocopna after PMward I). Cope. Inci-
dentally s<mie other curious names are re-
ferre<l to, especially a numln-r of familiar
binl and cru.stacean names which are evi-
GILL, Theodore — Continued.
dently ana^rn^mM of previous ones. A fact,
not previouHly recognizefl, la that nearly t
doKcn namett of cmfftaceanH {Cimlana. Ani-
Ificrti, n^rilana, etc.) are Rimply anagramM nf
Ouroliue or Oarolitui,
Ale wives.
y*Ht8 and Querien (9), vill. No. 206. Not.
SO. 1901, pp. 451-452.
In answer to a prevloiw inquir>' (Vol. vii,
p. 406) the etymology and true name of the
American Alewife are given. In correition
of the great New England Dictionar}' it U re
marked that Alewife was and still is a name
applied in some places in England to one of
the Shads, and (piite naturally it waa bronchi
over to the United States by the immigTant>
fntm England. Aloofe, given as an etymuii
and an Indian name, is nothing but AUKi«e.
the antique s having N^n mistaken for an f.
Ahxjse, Alo««e, and Alice, as well as Alewife.
are derivatives fnmi the old Latin Atom.
William Swaineon and his times.
Otprey, IV, V, in following niunbers: {n
IV, No. 7. Mar., 1900. pp. 104-108; (n) iv.
No. 8, Apr., 1900. pp. r20-l'23; (in) IV, No.
9, May, 1900, pp. 135-138; (iv) rv. No. 10.
June, 1900, pp. 154-156; (v) iv, No. 11.
July, 1900, pp. 166-171; (Vi) v.No.l.Sept..
1900, pi». 8-10; (vil) V, No. 3. Jan., 1901,
pp. 37-39: (VIII) V, No. 4, Mar.. 1901. pp.
58-59; (IX) V, No. ,5, May, 1901, pp. 71-72:
(X) V, No. 9. Sept.,1901,pp.l3lV-137: (.xn
V, No. 10. Oct., 1901, pp. 152-155; (XII) V,
No. 11, Nov., 1901, pp. 167-172; (Xin) V,
No. 12, De<'., 1901. pp. 176 (end).
General history of birds.
OMprry, VI, in the following numbers: (i).
Jan., 1902, pp. 1-4; (Ii), Feb., 1902, pp.
5-12; (III), Mar., 1902, pp. la-N; {vf\
Apr.. 1902, pp. 15-20; (v). May, 1902. pp.
21-2<>; (VI), June, 1902, pp. 27-^4; (viii.
July, 1902, pp. :«-42.
The j'hapters of a general work.
In Chapter I are considered: (p. 1-4) "The
Knglish name.s:" (4-6) "The bird's place in
natun';" i'>-i\) "Characters of the class*:"
(7-8) "The general characters <»f birds;" (Si
•The i>lumage of birds; " (8-10) "The feather*
of blnli:'" 00-13) "The arrangement of feath-
ers;" (13,14) "The color of the plumage:"
(15-17) "Moulting or molting;" (17-19)
•Molting iKjricKls;" (19-20) "Individual
molt: " (20-21) " Color change without molt."
In Chapter II are discussed: (p. 21) "Gen-
eml anatomy;" (33-35) "Themuscles;" (35-37»
"The brain and the rest of the nervous
system;" (37-38) "The alimentary system:"
(:i8-39) "The vascular s>'8tem;** (3^-40) "The
respiratory .system;" (40) "The generative
system."
In Chapter III is treated the "Bcologyof
binls" under separate headings, vix: (10-11)
"Contrast between uniformity of stnicture
and variety of habits;" (41-42) " VariaUoiiln
llight."
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
171
GILL, Thkot>ore. Life and omitholo^r-
ic-al lal)orH of Sir John KicharflHon.
fttltrey, vi. No. 1. Jan.. 1902. pp. 1:M7. with
pt»rtrnit plato.
RichaitlMiirH clianw'teriKtirK are coiiKiilerod
under two f«u*gorie«: (1) "His life" and {'l^
" His (iniithological work."
Biographical notice of John Ca«8in.
ihtprry, VI. No. 3. Mar. 1*102, pp. 60-5:^.
An lUHMiiint i!< K^von of Caewin's personul
chamcteristicj*.
The works of John Caspin.
Osprii/, VI, No. 5. May, 1902. pp. ^O-M.
A rhronologieal fninimation of contribu-
tions to 8ocietie}4. and full titles of si>parately
pnblii>he4l workM are given.
(JILL, Theodore, and SMITH, Hrcjir M.
Tho Morini^uoid opIh in Amerioan
watern.
Sf'itnce (new wries). xi, June 22. liNM), pp.
97:J-974.
The Moriiiguoid eeln have iH.-en hitherto
found only in theHeaj<<»f India and tho Mo-
lue(*a-In«lian arcliipehigo. A H|>ecieM of one
<»f the genera, Ajththn/nih'htfiyi', wan recently
•liweovert'd at Porto Rico and in named A.
ciiriblHif'UH. The Stilbiitciig tdmirdtiii, referre<l
by Jordan and Kvennann to the family Mii-
rs'ncfocitliv, i.-^ a HjK'cieH of Morhiiiua. Ltjtto-
conger an<l (innliirhihij^ al»w» InOong to the
family Moriiiguida*.
XilST OF AUTHORS.
Adler, Cyru8, U. S. National Museam.
Allbn, J. A., Aiucricaii Mufleuin of Natural History, New York City.
American Oknithou musts* Union, Comniittee on Nomenclature.
AsiiMEAi), William H., U. S. National Museum.
Bailey, Fu>rkn('k Merriam, Washington, D. C.
Bancs, Oltram, Boston, Mass.
Banks, Nathan, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Barthcii, Paul, V. 8. National Museum.
Ba.ssler, Ray S., U. S. National Museum.
Bknedkt, James E., U. S. National Museum.
B<>wi)isH, B. S., New York City.
Brewster, William, Cambridge, Mass.
Brs<K, ArorsT, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
("asanowicz, I. M., U. 8. National Museum.
Chapman, Frank M., American Museum of Natural History, New York City.
Clark, Atstin 11., Newton ville, Mass.
Clark, Hi'bkrt Lyman, Olivet College, Olivet, Mich.
C<M'KERKLL, TiiEoiKtRE D. A., Col(>ra(lo Springs, Colo.
ToLLiNS, G. N., U. S. Dejjartment of Agriculture.
Cook, (). F., U. S. Department of Agriculture.
CrHiUiLLETT, D. \V., U. S. Department of Agriculture.
CoiTiERE, H., 4 Avenue *le r()l)sc»rvatoire, Parin, France.
(Vrrie, Rolla p., V. S. National Museum.
Dall, William Healey, U. S. Geological Survey.
Dyar, Harrison G., U. S.- Department of Agricultun*.
EvERMANN, Bartijn W., U. S. Burcau of Fisheries.
Fernald, C. H., Agricultural (>»llege, Amherst, Mass.
Fish, Pierre A., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
FisiiER, W^ alter K., Paloalto, Cal.
Fowler, Henry W., Leland Stanford Junior Cniversity, Stanfonl University, Oal.
(till, Theoikire, Smithsonian Institution.
Grinnkll, Joseph, Pasadena, Cal.
Hassall, Albert, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Hay, William Perry, Washington, D. C.
Heller, Edmund, Ix^land Stanford Junior University, Stanfonl University, Cal.
Hem.hley, W. Bottino, Royal Botanic (hardens, Kew, England.
Hkndehson, John B., Jr., Washington, D. C.
Hinds, W^arren Elmer, Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass.
Holmes, William Henry, Chief, Bureau of American Ethnology.
Howard, Leland O., U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Howell, Arthur H., U. S. Department of Agricolture.
Hrdlicka, Ales, U. S. National Museum,
HuLOT, GsoBOi D. (deceased).
173
174 BEPOBT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Jordan, David Starr, Preeident Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford Uni-
verdty, Gal.
KxGWVTOUft Frank Hall, U. S. Geological Survey.
KoimsKT, Jacob, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Lucab, Frkderic a., U. S. National Museum.
Lyon, Marcus W., Jr., U. S. National Museum.
McMuRRiCH, J. Playfair, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Maidbn, Joseph Henry, Director Botanic Gardens, Sydney, New South Wales.
Marlatt, C. L., U. 8. Department of Agriculture.
Marshall, William B., U. S. National Museum.
Mason, Otis Tufton, U. S. National Museum.
Maxon, William R., U. S. National Museum.
Maybr, p., Naples Zoological Station.
Mearns, Edgar A., U. S. Army.
Merriam, C. Hart, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Merrill, Gkorge P., U. S. National Museum.
Miller, Gbrrit S., Jr. U. S. National Museum.
Nbeoham, Jambs G., Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, IlL
Nelson, E. W., U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Oekrholsbr, Harry C, U. S. Department Agriculture.
Pfbnder, Charles A., U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Pollard, Charles L., U. S. National Museum.
Preble, Edward A., U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Rathbun, Mary J., U. S. National Meseum.
Ravenbl, W. dr C, Administrative Assistant, U. S. National Museum.
Richardson, Harriet, U. S. National Museum.
Richmond, Charles W., U. S. National Museum.
RiDGWAY, Robert, U. S. National Museum.
Riley, J. H., U. 8. National Museum.
Rose, Joseph N., U. S. National Mupeum.
ScHUCHERT, Charles, U. S. National Museum.
Simpson, Charles T., Lemon City, Fla.
Smith, Hugh M., U. S. Fish Commission.
Smfth, John B., Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J.
Snyder, John OrrEimEiN, Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford University,
Cal.
Stares, Edwin Chapin, Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford University, Cal.
Stearns, R. E. C, 1/OS Angeles, Cal.
Stejnbger, Leonhard, U. S. National Museum.
Stiles, Charlks Wardell, U. S. Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service.
Stone, Witmer, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.
Tassin, Wirt, U. S. National Museum.
Thayer, G. H., Monadnock, N. H.
Thomas, Oldfield, British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington, London,
S. W., England.
Ulke, Henry, Washington, D. C.
Underwood, Lucien M., Columbia University, New York City.
Vaughan, T. Wayland, U. S. Geological Survey.
Walcott, Charles D., Director, U. S. Geological Survey.
White, David, U. S. Geological Survey.
W^iLsoN, Charles Branch, State Normal School, Westfield, M^SB.
P^llT II.
PAPERS DESCRIPTIVE OF MUSEUM BUILDINGS.
Page.
"he United States National Museum: An account of the l)uildings occupied
l)v the national collections. B v Richard Rath bun 1 77
tudies of museums and kindred institutions of New York C'ity, Alhany,
Buffalo, and Chicago, with notes on some European institutions. By
A. B. Meyer 311
175
Reson si U. S Hi
THH IJNITHI) STATUS NATIONAL MUSHUM:
AN ACCOUNT OF THF. lUILDINCS OCCUPIHD HV THH
NATIONAL COLLLCTIONS.
Bv
RICHARD RATI I BUN .
Assistant Secretary of the Smithsottian InstHutioti, in charv^e of the
U. S. Xat tonal Afuseum.
NAT Mus I90;i 12 177
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATK8.
Facing page.
1 front of the Smithsonian Institution building 177
of the Smithsonian park, showing location of the present buildings,
I site of the nt^w Museum building 185
Smithsonian Institution buihling, vit^wed from the northwest 195
nal ground j>lans, Smithsonian Institution building 201
or north entrance of the Smithsonian Institution building 207
r main hall, Smithsonian Institution Imilding 219
ries in lower main hall, Smithsonian Institution building 221
range, Smithsonian Institution building 225
liall, Smiths(mian Institution building 229
room, Smithsonian Institution 233
upper hall, Smithsonian Institution building 2,%
I front. National Museum building 239
I front, National Museum building 241
ida, National Museum building 243
I hall, Nati(mal Museum building 245
I hall, National Museum building 247
hall, Natiomil Musi'um building 249
least court. National Mu8i»um building 253
•south range, National Museum building 257
re hall. National Museum building 259
itive floor plan, *'A,*' for the new building for the National Museum. . 289
itive fl<K)r plan, "B," for the new building for the National Musi^um. . 2^)1
plan of the new Imilding for the National Museum 297
of basements. National Museum building 309
of main fl(X)r, National Museum building 309
of gallery and sea uid floor. National Museum building 309
of third floor, Naticmal Museum building 309
r>f l>asement and first floor, Smithsonian Institution building 30^)
oi second and third floors, Smithsonian Institution building 309
179
THE UNITED STATFi; NATIONAL MUSEUM:
AN ACCOUNT OF THE BUnJ)INGS OCCUPIED BY THE
NATIONAL COLLECTIONS.
By Richard Rathbun,
Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian InstitiUionfin charge of the U. S. National Museum,
INTRODUCTION.
The object of this paper is to briefly describe the history and
character of the several buildings in which the science and art collec-
tions belonging to this Government have been housed and cared for,
the time for such an account seeming especially opportune, in view of
the recent l)eginning of an additional, larger, and more elaborate
stru<*ture to meet the demands for increased simce. No attempt is
made to contrast the present accommodations with those provided
elsewhere for a like purpose, only such criticisms being ofl'ered as
are directly suggested by the buildings themselv^es.
The. scope of the U. S. National Museum, as defined by acts of
Congress, is exceedingly broad, including, besides natural history,
geolog}', archaeology and ethnology, the various arts and industries of
man. Its development, resulting largely from Government explora-
tions, has been greatest in the four subjects first mentioned. The
collections illustrating the industrial arts, though now mainly in
stoi-age, are nearly as extensive in the amount of exhibition space
required, and the}' can be rapidly enlarged and perfected as soon as
a place is found for them.
Since the seventh decade of the last century the Museum has been
(continuously in a state of congestion, and with ever increasing acces-
sions, it early became n(»cessary to resort to outsi^le stomge, in which
the amount of material is now extremely large. The demand for
additional room, therefore, dates back over twenty \^ears, being based
partly on the necnl of placing these valuable collections und(»r safe
conditions and partly on the important recjuirement of bringing them
into service by classification and arrangement. Last year an impor-
tant step in this direction was realized — the passsige of an act of Con-
gress under which a more ccmimodious and worthy building will
speedily be secured.
182 BEPOBT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
As to the suitability for museum purposes of the existing buildings
it may be said that the Smithsonian building was erected before
much was known of museum needs, and it was moreover designed
only in part for museum use. Its public halls, though exhibitinjj
many important defects, have as a whole served their puri)ose well.
The accommodations for laboratories and the storage of I'eserve collec-
tions are, on the other hand, very poor, being mainly found in base-
ment and small tower rooms, inconvenient and badly lighted.
The Museum building, constructed soon after the Centennial Exhi-
bition of 1876, primarily for the extensive collections brought to
Washington from that source, was put up hastily and cheaply, and
therefore not as substantially sa was advisable. It is practically one
great exhibition hall, since its partition walls are pierced at frequent
intervals with broad and high arched openings. The lighting in the
main is not unsatisfactory, though with a different roof construction it
could be much improved. Here again, however, fault is to be found
with the space available for workrooms and storerooms, since, havinjr
practically no basement, these rooms are confined to the towers and
pavilions.
In planning the new granite building an opportunity is offered for
correcting these faults. Good and <*onvenient laboratories and storage
rooms have been provided for, and it is intended that the exhibition
halls shall show a decided improvement over those in the older
structures.
The history of the buildings is briefly as follows:
In 1840 a society was organized in the city of Washington under the
name of the National Institution, afterwards changed to the National
Institute, among whose objects was the direction of the Smith-
son be<[uest, then under discussion by Congress, and the bringing
together of collections in natural histor\% ethnology, and such other
subjects as full within the scope of a general museum. Its memlier-
ship included many prominent persons, among them members of the
Government and of (yongiess, which gave to the society a recognized
position and secured to its purposes extensive quarters in the building
of the Pat(Mit Office. Here were asseml)led the many valuable speci-
mens brought home by the famous United States FiXploring Expedition
around the world, as well as others derived from both (lovernment
and privates sourc(*s, which formed the nucleus of the present national
collections, soon to pass under other control.
Under date of December 0, 183S, the President announced to Con-
gress the receij)t in this country and the investment of the Smithson
be([uest, amounting to a little more than half a million dollars, and
also invited the attention of that body to the obligsition devolving upon
the United States to fulfill the objects of that bequest. During the
seven and three-quarters 3^ears which ensued to the time of the actual
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 188
foandation of the Smithsonian Institution, this matter was constantly
before Congress, the subject of numerous propositions and of extended
debates. By the will of Smithson the city of Washington was to be
the home of the establishment, but the character and extent of its
buildings, as well as their site, depended upon the policy which
Congress might adopt for carrying out the wishes of the benefactor, so
tersely yet wisely expressed.
The bill which was finally passed and received the approval of the
President on August 10, 1846, gave to the Smithsonian Institution the
custody of the national collections, and provided for a site and building
in the following terms:
AN ACT To establliih the "Smithsonian Institution," for the increase and diffusion of knowledge
among men.
Sec. 4. And be it further eruidedy That, after the board of regents shall have met and
become organized, it shall be their duty forthwith to proceed to select a suitable site
for such building as may be necessary for the institution, which ground may be taken
and aj)propriated out of that part of the public ground in the city of Washington
lying l)etween the patent office and Seventh Street: Provided^ The President of the
Unitefl States, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of
War, the Setrretary of the Navy, and the Commissioner of the Patent Office, shall
<;Minsent to the same; but, if the persons last named shall not consent, then such loca-
tion may be made upon any other of the public grounds within the city of Washing-
ton, belonging to the United States, which said regents may select, by and with the
consent of the pers<^>ns herein named; an<l the said ground, so selected, shall be set
out by proper metes and bounds, and a des<Tiption of the same shall be made, and
reconle<l in a book to be provided for that pur|K>»e, and signed by the said regents,
or so many of them as may bt» convened at the time of their .said organization; and
8U<*h reconl, or a copy thereof, certi fieri by the chancellor and secretary of the board
of regents, shall l)e received in evidence, in all courts, of the extent and boundaries
of the lands appropriated to the said institution; and, u[)on the making of such rec-
ord, such site and lan<ls shall be deemed and taken to be appropriated, by force of
this act, to the said institution.
Se<-. 5. Ami be it further enacted, That, so soon as the board of regents shall have
selected the said site, they shall cause to l)e erected a suitable building, of plain and
durable materials and structure, without unnecessary ornament, and of sufficient
.*<ize, and with suitable rfX)ms or halls, for the reception and arrangement, upon a
liberal scale, of objects of natural history, including a geological an<l mineralogical
cabinet; also a chemical lab<.)ratory, a library, a gallery of art, and the necessary
lecture rooms; and the sai<i board shall have authority, by themselves, or by a com-
mittee of three of their mend>ers, to trontnict for the completion of such buihling,
w\Hn\ such plan as may l)e diretrted by the lK)ard of rt»gents, and shall take sufficient
se<-urity for the bui!:ling and finishing the same according t(> the said plan, and in
the time stipulated in such contract; and may so locate said building, if they shall
deem it proi)er, as in ap(>earance to form a wing to the patent office building, and
may so (connect the same with the pn^sent hall of said [)atent office building,
containing the national cabinet of curiosities, as to constitute the said hall, in whole
or in part, the deposit for the cabinet of said institution, if they deem it expe<lient
to do so: provided, said building shall l>e located upon said patent otlice lot, in the
manner aforesaid: Frorkied, hoiverer, That the whole exjwnse of the building and
enclosares aforesaid shall not exceed the amount of , which sum is hereby
appropriated, payable out of money in the treasury not otherwise ap[)ropriated.
184 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
together with mich sum or sams out of the annual interest accruing to the inHtitu-
tion, as may, in any year, remain unexpended, after paying the current expensfes nf
the institution. And duplicates of all such contracts as may be made ))y the Kaid
board of regents shall be deposited with the treasurer of the United Statep; and all
claims on any contract made as aforesaid shall be allowed and certified by the l)oanl
of regents, or the executive committee thereof, as the case may be, and, being nigiieti
by the chancellor and secretary of the board, shall be a sufficient voucher for settle-
ment and payment at the treasury of the Unite<l States. And the Ixmrd of regent.-^
shall be authorized to employ such persons as they may <leeni necessary to suiierin-
tend the erection of the building and fitting up the rooms of the institution. And all
laws for the protection of public property in the city of Washington shall aj>ply t**,
and be in force for, the protection of the lands, buildings, and other property, of
said institution. And all moneys recovered by, or accruing to, the institution, shall
be paid into the treasury of the United States, to the credit of the Smithsonian
bequest, and separately accounted for, as provide<l in the act approveil July first,
eighteen hundred and thirty-six, accepting said bequest.
Sbc. 6. And be it ftirther enacted^ That, in proportion as suitable arrangements can
be made for their reception, all objects of art and of foreign and curious ri»sH»arch,
and all objects of natural history, plants, and geological and miners logical sptH'imeuf<,
l)elonging, or hereafter to Iwlong, Ui the United States, which may U» in the city of
Washington, in whosesoever custody the same may be, shall be dolivereii to such
I)ersons as may l)e authorized by the Ixjani of regents to receive them, ami shall W
arranged in such order, and so classed, as Ixwt [to] facilitate the examination and study
of them, in the building so as afon^said to l)e erected for the institution; ♦ ♦ *
Sec. 7. And he it further enacted ^ That the sc'crc^tary of the l)oard of regents nhall
take charge of the building and pro^HTty of said institution. * * *
(Statutes IX, 102. Sec also The Smithsonian Institution, D<>cumentM relative to
its origin and history, ISiiVlKW. I, pp. 429-4:i4. )
The Smithsonian building, jis is well known, was placed upon the
Mall. It was phmned with reference to acconiniodations for a niuseunu
a libmr}', and other purposes, but the ti*ansfer of the specimens from
the Patent Office did not take place until 1858, when Congress began
to make small appropriations for the maintenance of the inuseum
feature. The collections increased so rapidly that l)y 1875 they were
occupying fully thrc^e-fourths of the Smithsonian building, and, in
fact, all parts not actually nMiuin^d for the activities of the parent
institution, the administrativ«» offi<!es, and the exchange service.
The C-ent«»nnial Kxhibition at Philadelphia, from whi<*h so large a
(juantity of valuabh* ()})j(»cts was acquired that they had to be stored
provisionally in tlie so-calh^d ''Armory l)uilding,'' which the3' com-
pletely filled, led to the erection of the present Museum building. It
proved inadecjuate from the beginning, and for many years new
collections have b«M»n accumulating in outside rent4»d buildings, mere
storehouse's of brick and wood.
After a lapse of twenty-five years Congress has again appropriated
funds to ext4»nd the (juarters, but this time on a far more lil^e ml scale,
which will permit of the erection of a nnich larger and more substan-
tial structure, j)resenting a (lignifi<Hl exterior, in better keeping with
the other permanent buildings of tiic* (jovernment. It will also stand
SMITHSONIAN
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 185
on the Mall, but along its northern edge, directly facing the Smith-
sonian building. Upon itn completion, the MuHcum will be in occu-
pancy of a group of three buildings, counting a part of the Smithso-
nian as one, and it may safely be predicted that none will long contain
any vacant space.
THE SMITHSONIAN GROUNDS.
In a bill for the organization of the 3uiithsonian Institution, pre-
pared by Representative John Quincy Adams, and presented to the
United States Senate on February 18, 183J),^ provision was made for
an astronomical observatory, to l)e erected under the direction of the
St^cretar}'^ of the Treasury upon land belonging to the United States,
which, after its selection, should l>e granted for the purpose and con-
veyed as a deed of gift to the trustees of the Institution. The locality
known as Camp Hill, near the banks of the Potomac River and the
mouth of Rock (^reek, opposite Analostan Island, seems to have been
under consideration at that time. It was the same site that Washing-
ton had designated for the National Univei-sity, and was subsequently
used for the object Mr. Adams had in mind, but under the ilirection
of the United Stat(?s Naval Estal)Iishm(»nt.
In another ])ill, introdu<»ed in the Senate by Lewis F. Linn, on Feb-
ruary 10, 1841/' it was proposed that the entire tnict known as the
Mall 1m» appropriated for the uses of the Smithsonian Institution, with
the provision that the buildings should lie erected in accordanci*, with
plans prepared by and under the suix?rvision of the National Institu-
tion, to be approved by the President of the United States. In bills
submitted to the same bo<ly in June and December, 1844, by the
Library Committee, consisting of Senators Rufus C-hoate, Benjamin
Tappan, and James McP. Berrien, appeared the* tirst definite chanic-
terization of the building, which was to be placed upon a siti* to be
selected in that portion of the Mall lying west of Sev<'nth street.
The bill for the establishment of the Smitlisonian Institution which
finally pwissed Congress and received th(» a])proval of tlu* Presi(l<»nt on
August 10, 1S4(),^ was dnifted by Repres<Mitativ(» R()b<'rt Dalo Owen.
The seetions relating to the site* and building are (juotcHi on pages \K^
ami 1S4 of the introduction.
UjHni the orgjinization of the Board of Regents attention in regard
to the site seems tirst to have be<Mi directed toward the Mall, and here
its location was tinallv established, thout'li not without some difli<*ui-
twH ynd delay, the ehoic«» being subj<»et to approval by the President
of the United States, ihe Se(!retari«»s of State, th(» Treasury, War, and
the! Navy, and the Commissioner of Pat(»nts. At a me(»ting of the
Regents on September 1», l.S4r». th*» chancellor, the S<»cretary, and the
^Senate bill 2*»:5, is:^y. /^St-nate hill 245, 1S41. ' Statu tos IX, 102.
186 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
executive committee, five in all, were constituted a committee on
grounds and buildings, whose first report, submitted on November 30
of the same year, resulted in the passage of the following re{K)lutioo:
That the Ke^^ntij of the Smithsonian Institution do select and adopt as a site for
their buildingn ho much of the Mall, in the city of Washington!, as lien between
Seventh street and the river Potomac, if the consent of the persons named in the
fourth section of the act to establish the Smithsonian Institution for the increase ami
diffusion of knowledjre among men be obtnine<l thereto; and that uiK>n such consent
l>eing obtainiHl in due form, the Secretary is hereby instnicteil to i^use the said
groumi ho stilected to })e sot out by proper metes and bounds.
On December 1 following the Board amended the above resolution
by adding the following clause aft^r the word Potoma<T
Subject to the i)Ower of Congress to grant any portion of the same west of Four-
t^'senth stnH*t to the Washington Monument Society for the pur]X)t)€^ of erecting a
monument thereon.
As consent to this proposition was not obtained, it was re.solved hv
the Kegeiitson I)eceinl)er 1):
That a committee of threi* Iw apiK>int4Hi by the chancellor to confer with the
Fn^nidcnt <»f the Tnit***! Statt»s and the other pt^rsons name<l in the fourth section of
said a<*t, ami a.*»k their conneiit to the selection by Bai<l Ri*gents of that p<»rtion of
HJii«I reservation lying U'tween Seventh and Twelfth streets west, in saiil city, as the
site for tbe ne^'esHary buildings of said institution; and, if such consent be given—
It Ih further nsn/rni. That sai*! buildings l)e located thereon, an<l at least two hun-
dred and fifty feet south of the centre thereof.
The committee (lcsignat4»d consisted of Representatives Hough and
Owen and Senator Kvans, but failing in the object of their mission,
the Hoard resolved, on December 2H:
That the Hegents of the SmithHonian do select and appropriate as the site for
their buihlings the Honth half of ho niueh of the "Mall,'* in the city of Washington,
Hi* lies In'tween Ninth and Twelfth streets.
The consent to this choice }»y the President and other person:^
nam<'d in the fourth section of tlie fundamental act was communii*atei}
to th<» Hcmnl on »Ijiruiary '20, 1S4T, and the further provisions of the
a<*t were then carried out, riMinely:
Ami tlH» sai<l ground sn seleeted shall l)e set out by projK'r metes and ]x>undt»,
and a ^leHcription of the same shall he made, and reeorde<l in a liook to be provide«l
for that j)nrpose, and signed by the said Regent'^, or so many of them as may l>e
eonvened at the time of their said organizati«)n; and su<*h rtH;<.>rd, or a copy thereof,
certifinl by the chaniellor and Serretary of the Hoanl of Regents, shall l>e receivt^l
in evidence, in ail courts, (»f the extent and boundaries of the lands appropriate<l to
the said Institution; and upon the making of such n*cord such site and lands shall
Ik* deeme<l and taken to Ik* appropriated, by force of this act, to the said Institution.
After the close of these j)roc(H>din*^s, however, which at the time
seemed to be conclusivt* and did tintilly prevail, the subjec»t of a site
was attain nM)p<Mied and led to further in([uiries and considerations.
These can best be told in the words of the late Dr. George Brown
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 187
Groode, as recorded in his paper on the Smithsonian Building and
Grounds.**
After the present site had been selected there appears to have been some dissatis-
faction in reganl to it; nor is this to be wondered at, since at that time the Mall was
remote from the inhabited portion of the city, being a part of what was then known
E» "The Island/' now called South Washington. This portion of the city was cut
off by an old and unsightly canal running to the Potomac and crossed by simple
wooden bridges at four points between the Capitol and the Potomac River. It was
nnfenced and waste, occupied from time to time by military encampments and by
traveling sho^inen. After the completion of the east wing in 1850, when the first
lectures were held in the Institution, the Regents were o])liged to build plank walks
for the accommodation of visitors. Indeed, with the exception of the Capitol
grounds and those surrounding the Executive Mansion, the open places in the city
were entirely unimproved.
R<^)on after the selection of the present site the question was reconsidered by the
Boanl, and a committee appointed to obtain, if jwssible, another Imaticm. In the
bill as it finally i)assed Congress permission had been given to locate the building
on the space l)etween the Patent Office and Seventh street, now o(;cupied by the
building unetl for the offices of the Interior Department. This was partly to enable
the Institution to utilize for its collecitions the large hall in the Patent Office then
Eissigne<l to the "National Cabinet of Curiositiew," partly, no doubt, to w»cnre a more
central location. To obtain this ground, however, it was necessary to have the
approval of the President of the United States and other public officials, which was
not found prai'ticable. The committee fixed ninm Judiciary Square, an open space
of n)Ugh ground, in which at that time the city hall (a jKirtion of the present struc-
ture), the infirmary, and the city jail were locatetl. Though the adjoining streets
were entirely vacant, this site was regarde<l as much more accessible than the Mall.
A proposition was sulHiiitted to the common council of the city of Washington,
that the site of the city hall should be resigne<l for the use of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution ui)on its offering to pay to the city $50,(XK), a sum deemed sutticient to erect a
building for the use of the city government up<m the site south of Pennsylvania
avenue, l)etween St^venth and Ninth streets, now occupitMl by the Center Market.
A bill was intr<.Kluce<l into Congress, authorizing the Regents to purchase the city
hall, but the common crouncil refused to consider the i)ro|)osition and the site of the
Mall was use<l.
That part of the Mall appropriated to the Institution has l)een known
a8 the Smithsonian reservation, while to the entire square between
Seventh street and Twelfth stre(»t, west, ineludin*^ the reservation,
the name Smithsonian Park has been commonly applied.
At their mee»tings of December 4, 184(), and January 28, 1847, the
Regents appropriated a total sum of $4,000 for ^radin^, la>'intif out,
and planting the grounds of the Institution, und(M' the direction of the
building committee, which was also authorized to (expend not over
Hi>,(HK) in the construction of a permanent f(»nc(» around the grounds.
The latter, however, was erected for less than $500.
In 1848, the building committee entered into a contract with John
Douglas, of Washington, to the extent of *?1,()5() for inclosing the
reservation with a hedge and for planting trees and shrubs. The
«The Smithsonian Institution, 1846^18iM3. The History of its Firet Half Century,
pp. 247-2W.
188 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
architect of the building marked out the paths and roads and indicated
the positions of the trees and shrubs, to comprise alxiut 100 species,
principally American. The surrounding hedge was to consist on eai'h
of the four sides, respectively, of pyrocanthus, osage orange, cherokee
rose, and hawthorn. Although considerable progress in this work
seems to have been made during the 3^ear, the contract was considered
not to have been proper!}' complied with, and it was canceled in 184i*.
The same year, for the convenience of those who attended the lec-
tures in the east wing of the Smithsonian building, a walk was built
from Seventh street to the eastern gate of the grounds and the path
from the Twelfth Street Bridge was repaired. In speaking of the
considerable expense which such improvements outsidathe reservation
entailed upon the Institution, Secretary Henry, in his report for 1840,
said:
It is hoi)ed that the authorities of the city of Washington will cause bridges to
l)e ore<*tcHl across the canal and walks to \ye constnicted through the public grounds
to facilitate the approach to the building, and that the Institution will not be expected
to provide acconnnodations of this kind.
In their report for 1S50, the building committee stated that up to
th<^ end of that year $8,747.51 had been spent upon the grounds, and
that pro!)a})ly little more ex])onditure on that account would be neces-
sary. Portions of the roads about the building had been graded and
many trees and shrubs set out. An appropriation having been made
})V Congress for the purpose*, Mr. Andrew J. Downing, at the request
of the President, was then preparing a plan for converting the entire
Mall, including the Smithsonian grounds, into a landscaj^e garden. If
this plan wow adopted, the Smithsonian lot would form part of an
extended park, of which the Smithsonian building, by its site and
pi(tures(jU(» style of architecture, would be a prominent and attractive
featiu'e.
In isf)!. according to the report of the same committee, the Mall
WHS in c()Ui's(» of rapid inij)r()vement under Mr. Downing. The cor-
poration of the city ai)propriated 5^2, 500 for an iron bridge across the
canal at Tenth stnM^t, and a gravel walk was carried thence to the
l)uil(lino-. The Smithsonian reservation of li> acres had been indosinl
with a fence and planted with trees at an (»xpense to the Institution of
al)out $4,000, hut the execution of Mr. Downing's plan, at the cost
of the (ieneral (loverninent, would, in \\w view of the committee,
render unnec(vssarv anv furtluM* dishursemiMits bv the Institution.
Without surrendering the* right of use of the reservation appropri-
ated to the Institution, the partition fence JM^tween it and the other
j)art of the Mall had Ixmmi removed and th(» whole given iq charge of
Mr. Downing.
Although ndieved at this period, and at its own request, of the care
and improvement of its groiuids, which have since remained under the
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 189
supervision of the officer in charge of public grounds, the Institution
has always maintained a deep interest in the condition of its. surround-
ings, and has in fact aided materially toward their betterment, as fre-
quently noted in the reports of Secretary Henry and his successors.
In 1855 Professor Henry wrote that since the death of the lamented
Downing but little had been done to C/Omplete the general plans of the
improvement of the Mall proposed by him and adopted by Congress,
although an annual appropriation had been made for keeping in order
the lot on which the Smithsonian building is situated. Regret was
expressed that Congress had not made an appropriation to promote
the suggestion of Dr. John Torrey and other botanists of establishing
here an arboretum to exhibit the various ornamental trees of indi-
genous growth in this country.
This scheme wavs never more than tentatively carried out, but in 1899
the SecretJiry of Agriculture revived the subject, in his annual report,
from which the following extract is taken:
One of the needs of the Department iH an aboretnin in which can be brought
tojjether for study ali the trees that will grow in the climate of Washington. The
nee<l of such an establishment was felt early in the history of the capital and was
brought forward more than fifty years ago among the various plans proposed for the
use of the Smithson l>eque8t, wliich was finally devote<l to the founding of the pres-
ent Smithsonian Institution. In the report of the building committee of that Insti-
tution for 1850 the following statement occurs:
**Mr. Downing, the well-known writer on rural architecture, at the request of the
President, is now preparing a plan for converting the whole Mall, including the
Smithsonian grounds, into an extende<l landscape garden, to l)e traversed in different
directions by graveled walks and carriage drivt»s and planted with sj>ecimen8, prop-
erly labeled, of all the varieties of trees and shrubs which will flourish in this cli-
mate.**
This admirable plan, apparently from lack of financial support from Congress, was
never systematically prosecuted, and the plantings at first made were so neglected
that the nurse treei themselves are now being rapidly broken down and destroyed
by fitonn, disease, and decay. When the grounds of the I)ei)artment of Agriculture
were laid out, in 18(58, Mr. William Saunders, then, as now, horticulturist of the
Dei>artment, established a small arboretum commensurate^ with the size of the
grounds. An arlK)retum in this climate, however, re<iuires an area of several hun-
dre<l acres. The lime has come when the economics needs of the Department and
the e<iucation and pleiisure of the pe<jple deman<l a rich collection of trees planted
so as t4> st?cure the l)est effei'ts of landscajK* art, furnishing complete materials for
the investigations of the Department of Agriculture, and so managed as to Ix^ a
pt»rennial means of botimical education. We are now engaj^ed in intrcxUicing useful
trees from all parts of the world, such as those producing fruits, dyes, nuts, oils, and
tans, those useful for ornamental purposes, and esiMicially those promising shade,
shelter, and fuel in the arid region.
At the present time we have no central place in which to plant and maintain a
series of these trees for study and propagation. The importations must be sent out
as fast a they are received, without any opportunity for (^ur investigators to make
any olwervations on their l>ehavior under cultivation, and in the case of small and
valuable importations subjecting the whole strx'k to the possibility of total loss. In
view of these conditions, I wish to bring to the attention of Congress the imjMjrtance
190 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
of placing at the disposal of this Department an area of suitable size and. situation
for a comprehensive arboretum. In order to give a specific basis for considera-
tion of this project, I suggest that the area known as the Mall be set aside for this
purpose.
"No part of the public domain," said Professor Henry in 1856, "is
more used than the reservation on which the Smithsonian building
stands, but as yet no special appropriation has been made by Con-
gress for continuing the improvement of the grounds, and it is to be
regretted that years should be suffered to pass without planting the
trees which are in the future to add to the beauty, health, and comfort
of the capital of the nation.-' In the same connection mention is made
of the l>eautiful monument erocti»d that year near the Institution by
the American Pomologiciil Society to the memory of Downing— a just
tribute to the worth of one of the benefactors of our countrv. The
adoption of his ornamental plan for the public parks of this city was
in part due to the examf)le of the Regents in embellishing the grounds
around the Smithsonian building.
In 1858 Professor Henry remarked that —
The propoHition to supply the public grounds with a complete series of American
trees lias h)ng !)een eoiiU'iiipIated, but as no appropriation has been n)a<le by Gmi-
press for tliis purpose, the Patent Ofliee, conjointly with the Institution, has taken
the prehniinary steps by issuing a circular asking for seeds of every 8i>ecie8 of our
forest trees and shrubs that wouM l>e likely to thrive in this latitude. This circular
has been witlely distributed, an<l it is hoptnl will meet with a favorable response from
all who are intereste*! in making more generally known, ami in intro<lucing into more
extensive cultivation, the natural ornamental products of our own soil. The eee<ls
are to 1k» sent by mail to the Commissioner of Patents and placed in charge of the
oflicers having the care of the public grounds.
In 1S()2 Prof(\ssor Henry rrportod that the trees and shrubl^ery in
the grounds were growing iincdy under the care of the commissioner
of public grounds, B. H. French, es(i. He also called attention to
tbc city canal forming the* l)()undjiry of the Smithsonian grounds on the
noith, and across tbc basin or widest part of which most of the visi-
tors to th(» Institution bad to j)ass. This basin, since the intnxluction
of Potomac water, bad become the receptacle of the sewage of the
city, and was {\\o\\ an innnensc* cesspool, constantly emitting noxious
etihivia piu^judicial to tbc health and oil'ensive to the senses of all who
approached the locality. ( 'ertain methods of abating the nuisance were
suggested.
As before noted, tbc fence and hedge which originally marked the
outlines of tbc Smithsonian r(\servation were removed in the time of
Downing, thus destroying all visible traces of its limits. On the
south this n\sei'vation is })oundcd by H stre(»t south, on the west by
Twelfth street west. Its depth from B street is 759 feet 9 inches
and its length from Twelfth street 1,()S<) feet 8 inches, its eastern line
coinciding with the western line of Ninth sM'cet. Its area, therefore,
amounts to about 825,590 sc^uare feet, or a little less than 19 acres.
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 191
The Smithsonian building occupies a central position in the reserva-
tion, its main entrance being on the axis of Tenth street extended.
The Museum building, finished in 1881, stands 50 feet to the eastward
of the Smithsonian building, with its front face nearly on a line with
the rear face of the latter. It extends back to B street south, and on
the east overreaches by about 65 feet the limits of the reservation.
There still remains at the southwest corner of the reservation, border-
ing on B and Twelfth streets, sufficient space for another structure of
smaller size than the Museum building, should it ever be considered
advisable to make such use of it, but otherwise all new buildings must
l>e placed outside of the reservation.
The Army Medical Museum, erected in 1886, at the corner of B
and Seventh streets southwest, is the only other structure in the
Smithsonian park, and further extensive building operations within
this square must be carried to its northern side. Such motion has been
necessjiry in regard to the additional large building for the National
Museum authorized by Congress in 1903, the center of which, like
that of the Smithsonian building, will be on a line with the axis of
Tenth street.
As to the present condition of the park it may be said that all traces
of the old canal and creek have long since disappeared, and fairly
good pjiths and driveways now lead to the Smithsonian and Museum
buildings. Unfortunatel3% however, no improvement can be noted in
regard to the trees and shrubs, which were to be made so prominent
a feature. None have been planted for many years, and the older
ones are dying out or being destroyed by natural causes, nmch injury
having l^een produced by severe storms. There has been a <'onstant
trimming and cutting down, but no attempt to add or build up in this
direction, and the genei'al effect is of a park larking care and culti-
vation.
THE SMITHSONIAN BUILDING.
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT.
In his acxx)unt of the Smithsonian building and grounds, " the late
Dr. George Brown Goode has said:
That the Smithsonian Inj?titution, before it could begin active o[)erationH, niupt
have a home of its own, would doubtless have l)een regarded as a necessity ])y any
one considering tlie requirements of the future. Richard Hush, however, a})i>ears t4>
have ^x^en the first to state this idea in words, whicli lie did in a letter addressed,
November 6, 1838, to the Secretary of State, in response to a rnjuest of the F'resident
for suggestions in regard to the proper manner of carrying out the beipie^t. * * *
In bills introduced in the Senate in June and DeiH'nd)er, 1844, by the Library
Committee — Rufus Choate, Benjamin Tappan, and James McP. Berrien — app<»areii
the first definite characterization of the building, which was to Im plain and durable,
«The Smithsonian Institution, 1840-1896: The History of it« First Half Century,
pp. 247 et $eq.
192 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
witliout unnecessary ornainent, and to contain provisions for cabinets of natural
history anci geology, and for a library, a chemical lalH)ratory, and lecture rooms.
♦ * * The coHt was at that time limited to $80,000. In 1846, however, the bill of
Dr. Robert Dale Owen, without change of phraseology from those which had pre-
ceded it in regard to loc-ation and character of the structure, was adopted, but the
limit of the cost was increased, and $242,129, the exact amount of the Smithsonian
interest which had at that time accrued, "together with any additional interft«t
.which might remain after paying the current expenses of the succeeding years," was
designated for that purjwse. * * *
From the very beginning Doctor Owen was the chief advocate of a lai^ge and
showy building. In this matter he was supported by the sympathy of the people of
Washington, and especially Mr. William W. Seaton, mayor of the city and one of the
Regents, whose interest in the realization of the plan of Smithson undoubtedly did
much at last to securt^ ac'tion from Congress. Outside of Washington there was much
opposition to an expensive building, owing partly to the manner in which the
bequest of Stephen (jirard had been rendered for many years inoperative by the
action of its trustees. * * * Pr. Owen, nevertheless, more than any other |)erson
at that time conct^rned in the establishment of the Institution, seems to have felt
tliat much of its future success depi»nde<l upon the erection of a building which
should perform a legitimate duty in dignifying and making conspicuous the work of
tlie organization to which it lx»longed. Hciircely anyone can doubt that Doctor
Owen was right and that tlie ust'fulness of the Smithsonian Institution has been
materially aided by the fact that its l)uilding has for fifty years l)een one of the chief
architectural ornaments uf the national capital.
1846 and 1847.
The first formal action of the Board of Regents, in respect to the
building called for in the fundamental act, was the pissage of a reso-
lution on September 9, 1846, authorizing and instructing the Chan-
cellor, Secretary, and executive conmiittec —
to take such measures as may be deeme<l by them most proper to obtain plans
for the erection of buildings, fulfilling all the conditions in rt^ference to them con-
tained in the hiw organizing this institution, and that said committee report such
phm as they may aj)i)rove to this Board at it*^ next meeting; and, further, that said
committee specially rej>ort in regard to the l)est material for said buildings, and to
the best nuMlesof wanning, lighting, and ventilating the same, with estimates of the
cost when constnicte<l of different materials, etc.
The committee so organized consisted of Vice President George
M. Dallas, chairman; Representatives William J. Hough and Robt»rt
Dale Owen, (ien. Joseph (i. Totten, and W. W. Seaton, major of
Washington.
A notice to architects, inviting competitive designs, was published
in the Wasliingt-on newsj)apeis of September 22, 1846, and with the
o])ject of accumulating information that might guide the Board in the
choice of a plan for the building, a subccmimittee, consisting of Messrs.
Owen, Hough, and Totten, visited the principal cities of the United
States; examiniMl many of their most noted structures; had confer-
ences with several eminent architect^; collected specimens of the best
stone material, and obtained data regarding the cost of coDStruction.
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 193
This subcommittee reported the results of their inquiries on Novem-
ber 30, 1846. After which the full—
committee unanimously selecteil out of thirteen plans that were submitted to them
by some of the principal architects throughout the country, two by Mr. James Reu-
wick, jr., of the city of New York, the architect of Grace Church, the Church of the
Puritans, Calvary Church, and other structures in and near New York; and they
n'cr)mniended to the Board for adoption one of these, being a design in the later
Norman, or, as it may, with more strict propriety, l)e called, the Lombard style, as
it prevaile<l in Germany, Normandy, and in southern Europe in the twelfth cen-
tury. The design comprises a center building, w^ith two wings, connected with the
main building by low ranges and a cloister. The entire front is 421 feet, and the
extreme depth in the center, including the carriage porch, 153 feet. The height of
the principal tower is 145 feet, and that of the main building, to the summit of the
battlement, 58 feet. The design includes all the accommodations demanded by the
charter, to wit: A museum, 200 feet by 50; a library, 90 feet by 50; a gallery of art,
in the form of a T, 125 feet long; tw^o lecture rooms, one of which is cai>able of con-
taining from 800 to 1,000 persons, and the other is connected with the chemical
laboratory; a committee room for the Boanl of Regents; a Secretary's room; a room
for the effects of Mr. Smithson; a janitor's room, etc.
At a meeting of the Regents on January 23, 1847, the following
resolution from the committee was brought up for consideration, but
no action upon it was taken, nameU':
That the Norman plan of a building fqr the Smithsonian Institution, furnished by
James Renwick, jr., of New York, sulistantially as amended, agreeably to the sug-
gestions of the committee, is apx)rove(l and adopte<l ])y this Board.
On January 26, 1847, the chuncellor submitted the following reso-
lutions, which were road and laid upon the table:
Remlved^ That in view of tlie va.st field of kn()wle<lge, to the increase and diffusion
of which the act of Congress dire<*t8 the efforts and funds of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution, this Board deem it inexixidient and hazanlous to appropriate to the erecticm
of a building a larger sum than one hundred thousand dollars.
liesoivedj That John Haviland, of Philadelphia, architect, Ikj re<juested to state in
writing, formally to this Boanl, whether he will undertake to erect a building upon
the mo<leI of the central structure he has already planned and furnished to this
B<jard, with slight changes of arrangement, which will embrace all the chief objects
expressed in the act of Congress, for the sum of one hundred thousand <lollars; said
building to be of granite or sandstone.
Resolved, That the committee of three, hereinafter appointe<l, I)e authorized to
confer with Mr. Haviland, and that, upon this Board receiving from him the written
and fonnai undertaking mentioned in the foregoing resolution, they l)e authr>rized to
engage his services as architect for the execution of his plan and to (;omplete all the
nfH.*essarv contracts.
Mr. Alexander D. Bache, one of the Regents, submitted to the
Board on January 27, 1847, two resoluti(ms of similar import, the
consideration of both of which was deferred. One of these was as
follows:
ficifolrfdy That in the opinion of the Boanl of Regents of the Smithsonian Institu-
ticm it is unnecessary and inexpedient to expend, in ertn^.ting a building to meet the
requirements of the act creating the establishment, from the principal of the fund of
^AT MU8 190:i 13
194 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
two hundred and forty-two thousand one hundred and twenty-nine dollant referred
to in the first section of the act, a sum exceeding one hundred thousand dollars.
The resolutions finally adopted preliminaiT to the work of building
were agreed to by the Regents on January 28, 1847, nearly all being
offered by Mr. Owen. The most important follow:
Retolvedy That the Norman plan of a building for the Smithsonian Institution,
furnished by James Renwick, jr., of New York, subntantially as aniende<l and
reduced agreeably to the suggestions of the (X)mmittet% is approved by this Hoani.
Remlvedj That a building committee of three members of the Boar.], as jirovide*!
in the fifth section of the act of CongresH, l)c apix)inted, wlio are hereby authorize<l
and empowered, on behalf of the Smithsonian Institution, to enter into contracts for
the completion of the buildings; and that said committee have power to employ one
or more persons to superintend the erei*tion of the buildings and the fitting up of
the rooms of the institution; and that the work shall be done to the entire satisfac-
tion of the said superintendent or superintendents; and that the said suiierintendoiit
or superintendents sliall have power, and shall be required, to reject any of the
material propose*! to l)e employed, and also to object to inferior or insufficient work,
and to direct its change, at his or their discretion.
ReMolvedt That in the i)erformance of the duty intru8te<l to them, the building com-
mittee of thret* hereinl)efore referred to shall give the contrm^ts to the lowejst bidder
of goo<l reputation, who shall give unexceptionable security, to the entire satisfac-
tion of the committee, for the i>erformance of said contracts; and such Hocurity shall
in all cases be taken. No advance shall in any case 1k» made; and fifte4?n iK»r (vnt.
of all payments shall lx» retaine<l until the faithful performance of the work.
Besotredf That the building committee, after taking counsel with the Secretary,
shall carefully revise the 8i)ecifi cations of the plan furnished to this Boanl by the
architect befpre entering into any contract; and if, after such examination, tliey
shall \ye of opinion that any mo<iiiication8 of the said plan and si)ecifications are nec-
essary for the safety, durability, or Iwtter adaptation of the structure, they may
incor|)orate these in the said H|HH'ilicationH; but no addition to the dimensions of the
])uil(ling shall l)c made, nor any ornament of any kind adde*!; and the said modifi-
cations shall have sole reference to the safety, durability, and adaptation of the
building. And the whole amount of the contract for the said building, including
the modificntions above provide*! for, shall, under no cirtrnmstancvs, exeetnl the
amount of the original estimates of the architect, to wit: the sum of two hundred
and two thousand dollars, with a jHTcentage not exceecling ten per cent, on the said
sum.
Renolvedf That the building committee Ix? also authorized to contract for the warm-
ing an(i lighting of the building; provi(!e<l that the contract for the alxive objects
shall not exceed five thousand dollars.
Beiiidvedf That the building committee ]>e also authorized to contnu^t for the fitting
up and furnishing of the building oi the institution; provided that the ctmtract for
the same shall not cxivcm! twenty thousan*! dollars. * * *
And it IxMug <m the one hand desimble that a i>ortion of the buildings to l)e
erected bv the institution be reiidv for use at an earlv dav, and on the other hand it
is essential to the solidity and durability of a structure of the size re<iuire<l to
embrai*e all the (»bject,s specified in the a<'t of C-ongress that its ere(*tion \ye gradual
and not too rapidly hastened forward: Therefore —
Remlredy That the building connnittce be instnurted to arrange the contract.*" for
the buildings of the institution so that the wings of said buildings may In* completed
in two years from the present time, and the whole complete<l in five years.
Resolved^ That the building connnittce In? instnict(»<!, in the arrangi^nent of the
buildiogB, to extend the gallery of art throughout the western range and westt»m
in
H
m...
^^^r^'i
|w
H' 1 ' —A
rt. ^rr:^
■IUl^'
^^^^E^ce
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 195
wing, and to arrange two lecture rooms, and no more, in the building. Temporary
arrangements shall be made to receive in the west wing of the building the library
of the Institution, until the library proper be completed.
2. Besolf'ed, That the building committee invite proposals for the construction of
the exterior walls of the building of upper Potomac sandstone, of marble, of granite^
and of blue gneiss, respectively, and adopt that one of these four named materials which
shall be deemed to combine the requisites of cheapness, beauty, and durability.
The manner of providing for the cost of building aid other matters
relating thereto were explaineil by Secretary Henry in his report for
1850, in which he says that —
The law of Congress incorporating the Institution, while it did not forbid the
expenditure of a part of the income for other objects, authorized the formation of a
library-, a museum, and a gallery of art, and the erection of a building, on a li])eral
scale, for their accommodation. It was, indeed, the opinion of many that the whole
im*ome ought to be expended on these objects. The Regents did not consider them-
selves at liberty to disregard the indications of Congress and the opinion expressed
in favor of collections, and after much discussion it was finally (concluded to divide
the income into two equal parts, and after deducting the general ex})en8es, to devote
one-half to the active operations set forth in the plan just described and the other
to the formation of a library, a museum, and a gallery of art.
* * * It therefore became absolutely necessary that the income should be
inorease<i, and in order to do this it was proposed to save the greater part of the
$242,000 of a<!crued interest which Congress had authorized to l)e expended in a
building, by erecting at a cost not to exceed $50,000 the nucleus of an e<lifice which
<.*ould be expanded as the wants of the Institution might re(iuire,and to add the
remainder to the principal.
Unfortunately, however, for this proposition, Congress had presente*! to the Insti-
tution the great museum of the exploring expedition, and a niaj(»rity of the Regents,
supposing it necessary to make immediate provision for the accominodution of this
gift, had taken preliminary steps, previous to my appointment, to eonstnut ii large
building, and, indeed, a majority of the (committee t^^) which the matter was n;ferre<l
had determined to adopt the plan of the" present iHlifiee. Strenuous op|K)sition was,
however, made to this, and as a compromise^ it was finally agreed to draw from the
United States Treasury $250,000 of ac'cnied interest, and instead of expending this
immetliately in completing the plan of the proposed building to invest it in Treasury
notes, then at par, and to finish the building in the eoursi* of five years, in part out
of the interecit of these notes, in part out of the sale of a portion <»f them, and also in
part out of a portion of the annual interest accruing on the original U'qnest. It was
estimated that in this way, at the end of five years, ]M*si<les devoting .i5250,0()() to the
building, the annual income of the Institution would be incrt*}i.'*ed from $.S(),(K)() to
nearly $40,000, a sum sufficient to carry out all the provisions of the programme.
It is to be regrette<i that * * * instead of the plan of a costly building there
ha<l not l)een adopte<l the nucleus of a more sini])Ie e<lifice, which could have lx»en
moflified to meet the wants which exi>erien('e might indicate.
The original estimate for the building, furniture, and ini[)rovenient of the grounds
was $250,000, and could thea<;tual cost havt^ Imh'U confintnl to this sum all the n'sults
anticipated from the scheme of finance which had ])een adopted would have Ihk^u
realized at the end of five years. During the past year, however, it lias be<»n found
necessary, for the better protection of the <'ollertions, to onler the fire[»roofing of
«
the interior of the edifice, at an increased expenses of $44,000. This additional <lraft
on the funds can oidy Xye met by exten<ling the time for the eompletion of the build-
ing, and even this will require the appn:)j)riation of a jHjrtion of tlie income which
196 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
ought to be devoted to other puri>06e8. The active operations will suffer meet by
this draft on the income, since it will he made for the better accommodation of the
library and the museum.
On February 5, 1847, it was resolved by the Regents —
That the building committee, in conjunction with the Secretary, be authorized to
publish, in such form as they may deem most appropriate, one thousand (ropies of a
brief treatise, to be entitle<l "Hints on Public An^hitei'ture,** and to l>e illustrate^l
with designs of the plan of the building adopted for the Smithsonian Institution,
and, at the option of the committee, with any other designs that are the property of
the Institution, providwl that the cost of the same shall not exceed one thousand
dollars, which sum is hereby appropriated for that purpose.
ThLs allotment was fc?ubsoquently increased to $1,200. The work
was prepared b}' Doctor Owen, with the assistance of Mr. Renwiok,
and was published in 1849, under the title '^ Hints on Public Archi-
tecture, containing, among other illustrations, views and plans of the
Smithsonian Institution, together with an appendix relative to build-
ing materials. Prepared on behalf of the Building Committee of the
Smithsonian Institution, by Kobert Dale Owen, Chairman of the Com-
mittee.'' It is quarto in size, but does not belong to any of the regu-
lar series of Smithsonian publications.
The first building committee of three members, appointed on Feb-
ruary 5, 1847, consisted of Mr. Robert Dale Owen, Mr. W. W. Sea-
ton, and Gen. Joseph G. Totten. Changes were made in the compo-
sition of tlie committee from year to year, and after a brief period
none of its early meml)ers remained. Reports were submitted annu-
ally to the Boai'd of Regents up to the close of 1857. The work of
the connnittee during 1S47 was extremely arduous, comprising the
sehM'tion of the stone for the building, the preparation of specifica-
tions, the making of contracts, etc., all of which was accomplished
within an inci'cKlibly short sj)ace of time. Forty-one meetings were
held (hirinii* the year.
Various marble, granit(\ and freestone quarries within a moderate
distanre of Washington were examined, with the gratuitous assistam*e
of David Dale Owen, a brother of the regent and a prominent geolo-
gist, and much information regarding them and the quality of their
products was obtained. Tlu* in<juiri(\s embraced the chief marble and
granite ([uarries of Maryland; tlu' freestone (juarries of Aquia Creek,
Virginia, where the material for the older part of the Capitol, the
White House, Treasury, and other jniblic buildings in Washington
had been secured; and the fre(\stone <iuai*ries of the upper Potomac
River, mostiv in the vicinitv of Seneca C^reek, on the banks of the
Chesapcak(' and Ohio Canal, about 2y> miles above Washington.
The marble (juarrics of Maryland (mostly in the vicinity of Clarks-
ville, about 1*> niiirs from Haltimoi'e) wen* found to yield two quali-
ties of stone — one line grained and of excellent quality, the other
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 197
somewhat coarse, highly crystalline, and inferior in quality, known as
**alum limestone."
The quarries in the neighborhood of Woodstock, Maryland, fur-
nished a granite equal to that of Quincy, and not excelled for beauty
of appearance, compactness of structure, and uniformity of color,
texture, and composition by any other granite quarries in the United
States. There was no objection to this stone except on the score of
expense, unless it be considered that in this material the effect of light
and shade from projecting surfaces is in a measure lost, while in marble
and good tinted freestone ever}' shadow is sharply marked.
The Aquia Creek freestone was not to be trusted, being pervaded
by dark specks of the protoxide and peroxide of iron, which, in per-
oxidating, acquire a yellowish or reddish color, and having occasional
clay holes, such as disfigure the Treasury and Patent Office ])uildings.
The freestone from the upper Potomac, in the vicinity of SenecA
Creek, was considered the best and most durable of all the Potomac
freestones. The lilac-gmy variety found in the Bull Run quarry, 23
miles from Washington, was especially recommended and pronounced
to be equal, if not superior, to that supplied for Trinity Church, New
York, from the quarries of New Jersey. It has a quality that specially
recommends it to builders. When first quarried it is comparatively
soft, working freel}'^ before the chisel and hammer; but, b}' exposure,
it gradually indurates, and ultimatel}' acquires a toughness and con-
sistency that not only enables it to resist atmospheric vicissitudes,
but even the most severe mechanical wear and tear. It can, there-
fore, be worked at less expense than granite or marble and was the kind
selected for the building.
All of the above varieties of stone were subjected to tests for dura-
bility under exposure to the weather, etc., by Prof. Charles G. Page.
Their cost per cubic foot, delivered in Washington, in accordance
with the lowest prices quoted b\' quarry owners, was as follows:
Cento.
1. Coarse-grained marble or alum limestone, according to quality 50 to 60
2. Fine-grained marble 70
3. Granite 46
4. Aquia Creek freestone 40
5. Seneca Creek freestone, lilac-gray variety, from Hull Hun (|uarry 20
Bids for the construction of the l)uilding were received up to March
15, 1847, and were opened on Marcli 1(). Several were found to be
proposals for doing only a part or some piirticuhir kind of th(» work,
but for the erection of the entire luiilding there were fourteen bids,
varying in amount from $19«),(M)0 to $iUS.ooo. James Dixon Si Co.,
of Washington, were the lowest bidd<M's for ScMieca freestone laid in
rubble masonry, and also for ashlar finish*, as follows:
Marble ashlar $228,500
Seneca freestone ashlar 205, 250
198 BEPOBT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
The committee decided that regularly coursed ashlar was best suited
to the design and would make a more substantial piece of work than
rubble. They also concluded that, with a doubt whether Seneca free-
stone did not assort even better with the Lombard style of architec-
ture adopted than marble, it was inexpedient to expend $23,000 addi-
tional for the latter. The bid of James Dixon & Co. (consisting of
James Dixon, of Washington, and Gilbert Cameron, of New York),
at $205,250, was therefore accepted. Mr. Dixon retired from the
firm on June 1, 1847.
The contract was signed on March 19, 1847. It included the most
expensive part of the furniture, such as the shelving, cases, desks,
drawers, and tables in the laboratory and apparatus room; the book-
cases, large tables, and alcove desks in the library; the glass cases in
the museum; the seats in the lecture rooms, elevators, toilet rooms,
rain-water cisterns; the chairs and tables in the Regents' rooms, flues
for heating and lighting, etc., but not the heating and lighting plant
nor the dramage.
One condition of the contract was that the work should extend
through five years, or to March 19, 1852. It was also stipulated that
the building should be erected in such proportions during each year
as the committee might direct, but so that the payments to the con-
tractor in each of the first four years of the contract should not exceed
$41,000 annually, and that the wings and connecting ranges should be
completed in two years from the date of the contract.
It was subsequently appended to the contract that in case the Reg^^nts
should thereafter determine to make important alterations in the plan
of the building or in the time of its execution, the contractor was to be
paid pro rata according to the prices in the contract for work executed,
and reasonable damages if the nature of the case should justly demand it
The architect, James Ren wick, jr., who resided in New York and
made approximately monthly visits to Washington, was paid at the
nite of J^1,.S00 a year, with traveling expenses amoimting to about $300
more. An assistant architect and superintendent, Mr. Robert Mills,
was also employed on the grounds, at $1,000 a year.
The pro})able cost of the building had been estimated as follows:
Contract for building $231, 000
Fittinpj up and furniHhing 20, 000
Wanning and lighting 5, 000
SiiiH^rint^n<l('nce ( 1^3,000 annually ) 15, 000
Drainage 1, 350
Supplying water to building 650
Total 273,000
Owing, however, to the contract being lower than was expected, and
to other facts, the conunittee judged that the expenditures for the
building for the five years would amount to only about $236,000.
I
nauokal litrdEUM — buildikqs. l99
The location of the building was fixed in the middle of the Smith-
^nian reservation as to north and south, the center of the main
structure being upon the axis of Tenth street southwest.
Toward the close of the year 1847, as stated in the committee's
report, the contractor was covering in the east connecting range, and
boped still to cover in the east wing before the frost interfered. He
liad also begun to laj"^ the foundations of the west wing and connecting
range, but nothing had yet been done toward the erection of the main
building.
The corner stone was laid on May 1, 1847, with imposing Masonic
u^remonies, the day being regarded in Washington in the nature of a
public holiday. A procession over a mile in length, composed
Df the various lodges of Free and Accepted Masons of the District
3f Columbia, with a large delegation of Masons from Baltimore and
Philadelphia, the District militia, and three military bands, having
formed at the city hall, proceeded to the Executive Mansion, where
it was joined by the President, heads of Departments, members of
^he diplomatic corps, etc., and thence to the Smithsonian grounds.
The marshal in chief was Mr. William Beverly Randolph. After
prayer by the grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Maryland, the
ceremony of laying the stone was performed by Grand Marshal Ben-
amin B. French, assisted by Col. James Page and Mr. Charles Gilman,
^rand masters of Pennsylvania and Maryland, respectively. An
iddress was then delivered by Hon. George M. Dallas, chancellor of
;he Board of Regents. A national salute was fired by the Columbia
Artillery and one of the bands played a national air. The ceremonies
closed with the benediction, pronounced by Rev. Frank S. Evans.
Che gavel used and the apron worn by the grand marshal were the
;ame that had been used by Washington in conducting the Masonic
jeremonies upon the laying of the corner stone of the national Capi-
ol. In a cavity of the stone were deposited, in a leaden box and
eaden casket, many articles appropriate to the purpose, and among
hem an engraved plate, inscribed with the names of the members of
be establishment, the oflicers and Board of Regents of the Institution,
be building committee, and the architects. The ceremonies were
witnessed by at least 6,000 or 7,000 persons.
1848. •
At the close of 1848 the building committee reported that the east
Ning and adjacent range would probably be ready for occupation early
n January. The interior of this part was at that time finished Except
:he shelving of the cases for the apparatus and the furnaces and ven-
tilating apparatus. Battlement«), not in the original plan, had been
idded to the eastern cloister, as the roof seemed too conspicuous.
200 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
The west wing and connecting range were completed externally, and
the hall of the gallery of art (intended to be used temporarily for the
library') was well advanced. Work upon the bookcases was in proof-
ress. The foundations of the main part of the buildings including
the towers, were laid, and the superstructure carried about 5 feet
high. The campanile, octagonal towers, and two smaller corner
towers of the center building were 30 feet above their foundations.
1849.
The entire Smithsonian building, according to the annual statement
of the building committee for 1849. wjis under roof l)efore winter, the
work having b(»en pushed to protect the large amount of masonry and
woodwork. The centml front towers and four corner towers of the
main l)uilding were carried up as high as the walls of that buildinjf.
and th(» central rear tower 80 feet high. The work of fitting the west
wing and connecting range for temporary libmry purposes was still
in progress. The east wing was taken possession of for the uses of
the Institution April 10, 1849.
Th(» following changes wen* made during the year: The lecture hall,
as originally constructed, in the east wing, proving entirely too small,
the adjoining appamtus and laborator}- rooms were removed and the
entire wing formed into one large lecture hall provided with seats for
1,000 persons. The proposed lecture room in the lower main hall
was given up, and the space thus obtained was divided, a room 65 by
50 feet being assigned as a depository for phj^sical apparatus, the
remaining space heing allotted to the library. The east i*ange was to
be used for the labomtory and working apparatus rooms, connecting
on tlie one side with the lecture hall and on the other with the
apparatus museum.
Tli(» two stairways, which in the original plan were carried up
})etween the two north front towers and the main building, were
(iisponsed with and the ])lace they occupied added to the libi-arv,
as was also the central hall, and, as before said, a portion of the
])rop()sed lecture hall. The space for the libmry was thereby nearly
doubled in size, and tlu* staircase was to occupy the interior of one of
th(» front towers. A clerestory to the long upper room, or museum,
of the main })uilding was adopt^nl by the (*ommittee, but was never
constru<.*te(l.
Secretary lIcMiry's part in tin* ji}>ov(» changes is thus referred to in
his report for IS49:
The j»liin of tlio SinithHonian Imildiii^ was <lesijr!K'<l }>y th<» arehitect and rtHiiiii-
niendoil to tin* Board by a coiniiiittec* of the Uej^ciits Iwfore the imigramme of oiyani-
zation was adopted. It in not strange, therefore, when the building came to I*
c)('mpie<l, that changes in the internal arranjxeineiit should 1x5 deemed advisable,
which would better uda}>t it to the WiUitH of the Institution. Such changes, at my
is
acgts
a eg
1 ' ^'
cl!t4l3
■ill
1=
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 201
Ruggestion, have been made; and for the propriety of these I am responsible. They
are principally, however, those of nnnplification, and in themselves add nothing to
t\w inmt of the eiliflce. An increased expense, however, will arise out of the furnish-
ing of new rooms which have been acquired by the alterations.
1850.
The operations during 1850, as «hown by the building committee's
report, were mainly directed toward the completion of the exterior.
The central building was roofed and slated, and inclosed in such man-
ner as to be perfectly protected from the weather. The prin(*ipal
front tower was carried uj) to a height of 122 feet and covered in
temiK>nirily for the winter. The lower central tower was completed.
Th(» ciimjmnile and noilheast corner towers were roofed in. The cen-
tral south tower was carricnl to a height of 40 feet, and the southeast
and southwest corner towers were built to the height of the cornice of
the cell of the main building.
At this time Secretary- Henry reiK)rt<Hl on tin* general state of the
finances as follows:
After all the exptmditurt^H which have iKHin n>adc on the building, grounds, publi-
(ration.s, n^'archcH, purchahw^ of lN>(>ks and apparatus, not only is the original iKKjuest
untouclunl, but there is now on hand upwanl of $200,000 of a<vnuMl interest. This
will 1h» sufficient to finish the exterior of the ImiMing, including all the towers, the
interior of th(j wings, ranges, and a part of the interior of the main e<lifice; which
will affor<l sufficient accommcMlation for some years to come, and leave $150,000 to
Ix^ abided to the principal.
On February 26, 1850, a portion of the interior framing and floors
of that part of the main building intended to contain the museum of
apparatus, fell into the basement, and a meeting of the building com-
mittee was immediately called to examine into the conditions. This
accident also led to a meeting of the Regents on Mar(»h 2, at which the
following resolution was adopted:
Resolvetlf That the building conunittee In* requeste<l to take under consideration the
rej)orts of the architect, suiH'rinti'udent, and <'outnictor, on the subjecrt of the late
accident; that they ass^K'iate with them Professor Baehe, (leneral Totten, tiie Secre-
tary of the InBtituti<m, and some competeut an<l entirely impartial architect or archi-
tects; that they make a survey of the whole building, reiMirt the manner, faithful-
ness, and security in which the building contract has hitherto V)een execute<l, and
uiMHi the plan most pro{K'T, in their estimation, to repair the damages and finish that
fiortion of th<^ building in whiirh tin* accident happened and other unfini^he<l i>or-
tif»ns then*of.
The committee so d(».signated reported on »Iuly '5, 1S50, its principal
(conclusions and recommendations Ijciiig as follows:
1. That the workmanship of the cut sti>neof tlu* exteri<>r is good, and the masonry
generally, though in some resjM'cts not of the In'st quality, is of a passable^ <-hanu'ter
with refen'uce to the terms of th<* contract.
2. That the interior of th<^ main buiMing is defective in the kind of materials orig-
inally adopted, and to a cNmsiderable degreiun the (pmlityof the materials employed.
202 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
These coDeist principally of wood, and are not of a proper character for a building
intended to contain valuable deposits, many of which will be donations to the innti-
tution, presented with the implied condition that they are to be properly secured
against danger from fire. This mode of construction was probably adopted by the
original building committee, in order to lessen the cost of the edifice and to bring it
within the sum appropriated by the Board.
3. Although the committee are anxious to save the accrued interest, and to devote
it to objects more in accordance with the spirit of the original bequest than the enac-
tion of a costly building; yet, they would recommend that the interior work of the
center building, as now existing, be removed, and that there be substitute<l for it a
fireproof structure, in accordance with the plan recommended in the reports of Mr.
Renwick and of the commission of architects.
4. The completion of the building on this plan, according to the estimate of the
commission, requires an additional outlay of about $44,000. To meet this ad<litiona1
expense, the committee recommend the adoption of the suggestion of their chairman,
Colonel Davis, that the exterior of the building and the interior of the towers be ('oni-
pleted in accordance with the plan and within the time specifier! by the t*ontrart,
and that the remainder of the interior be finished agreeably to the new plan, in the
course of a number of years, and in such portions as can be paid for out of the annual
interest of the Smithsonian fund, not otherwise appropriated. The object of this
p^rt of the proposition is to prevent the derangement of the plan of finance origi-
nally proposed by Doctor Bache and adopted by the Board of Regents, viz, of saving
out of the accrued and accruing interest, after paying for the building, the sum of
$150,000, to l)e added to the principal.
5. By the addendum to the contract, the Regents have the power of stopping tlie
building at any stage of its progress on paying the contractor pro rata for the work
done, according to the prices specified in the contract, and allowijig for reasonable
damages if the circumstances require the payment of them. The estimates in this
case are to be made by the architect of the institution or other architects selected
by the Regents. But with reference to the quality of the work which has been
done, it is the opinion of the legal adviser of the committee that the decision of the
architect of the building is final, both with regard to the Regents and the contractor.
6. In accordance with the forementioned stipulations of the contract, the commit-
tee have requested Mr. Renwick to furnish an estimate pro rata for completing the
whole exterior of the building and the interior of the towers, making deductions
for materials and workiiiansliip which he would have condemned had the building
l)een completed according to the original plan. The following is the decision of the
architect, which has l)een agreed to by the contractor, with the understanding
that nothing is to be paid him on account of profit on work omitted by the proposerl
change, viz:
For tinishing the whole exterior of the building, all the interior rooms of
the towers and of the wingn, the sum of $185, 154
7. The coiiiinitttH^ recoininend to the Board of Regents that they agree to this
pro])ositi<)n, and that a n*.<()lutiun l)e adopted directing the contractor to proceed with
the work in accordance therewith. In recommending this course to the Board, the
committee act in conformity with the advice of two of the commission of architects,
viz: Mr. E. B. White and Mr. J. R. Niernsee, who undertook the examination in
detail of the parts of the ])uilding, and vrave an estimate as the basis of an ec^uitable
settlement.
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 203
8. By adopting the above som of $185,154 as the amount to be paid to the con-
tiactor, Mr. Renwick givea the following estimate of the cost of finishing the building
in accordance with the fireproof plan, viz:
Amount of proposed contract $185, 154
Espense of fireproofing the entire center building according to plans and
estiiiuites of the architects 44, 000
Expenses common to both plans:
Plastering center building $8, 000
Gallery fronts ^ 2,000
Staircase of library and Museum 425
Furniture of library and Museum 4,700
15, 125
Extra cartage 200
Materials now on the ground, but which may not be used 1, 000
•
Total expense of the building, including fireproofing 245, 479
9. The original contract, with the addition made to it by direction of the
building committee, is 209, 810
Add the estimate of fireproofing 44, 000
Thus we have for the cost of the building, according to the estimate
of the commission 253, 810
NoTB. — ^The foregoing estimates are exclusive of the nalaries of the architect and
superintendent; also of the cost of the improvement of the grounds and part of the
furniture.
This last sum is greater than the preceding by $8,331. The difference, according
to the statement of Mr. Renwick, is due to the various deductions he has made en
account of defective materials, imperfect workmanship, and changes in the plan.
In conclusion, the committee are fully of opinion — and in this they are sustained
by the commission of architects — that, by adopting the plan of fire-proofing proposed
by Mr. Renwick and the proposition of the contractor, the building will be ren-
dered safe and durable at a very reasonable cost, considering the amount of work
which has been bestowed upon it.
The committee do not consider it necessary to offer any remarks on the cause of the
accident which led to these investigations. If th(%ie recommendations be adopted,
the whole structure of the interior of the main building in wliich the accident
occurred will be exchanged for one more in accordance with the permanence and
utility of the edifice, and in this catw. they will conHi<ler the accident as a fortunate
event.
1851.
In view of the report of the spe(;ial cominittee following the acci-
dent in 1850, the Regents found it necessary to deviate from their
original intention, and to order the removal of the woodwork which
had been erected in the interior of the main building and direct that
its place be supplied by fireproof materials. During isol all the exte-
rior of the building, including the towers, was completed. Some
minor changes in interior construction, insuring better fireproofing,
was also arranged for.
At a meeting of the Regents on February 27, 1851, it was resolved
that the executive committee \>e recpu^sted to inquire into the feasi-
bility of providing buildings for the residences of the officers of the
204 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Institution on the SnMthsonian grounds or other convenient location,
and, if they deem expedient, to report plans and estimates for such
buildings to the Board at their next meeting. The reply of the execu-
tive committee, made on May 1, 1852, was as follows :
That after due reflection they have come to the conclusion that it would conduce
very much to the interests of the Institution if the officers were provided with
houses on the Smithsonian grounds, so that they might he present on all occasions
and he as much as possible at all times identified with the operations of the Institu-
tion; yet at present, while the main edificre is unfinished, they do not tx)n8i<ier it
advisable to incur the exjHjnHe of additional buildings, and would therefore recom-
mend that in lieu of the rent of a house $500 be added to the salaries of Professor
Jewett and Baird» to Ih» jmid fnim the l)egiuning of the present year.
1852.
In this year the contract with (iilbert Cameron, including the finish-
ing of the exterior of the entire building and the interior of the wings,
connecting ranges, and towers, was declared completed, leaving the
whole interior of the main building to be finished. All the woodwork
and plastering of the interior of the main building was, by resolution
of the Board, to be removed and its place supplied by fireproof mate-
rials. Mr. Renwick withdrew his services, as it was not thought best
to continue his salary, and Capt. B. S. Alexander, U. S. Corps of
Engineers, was employed to prepare detailed drawings and plans for
the balance of the work.
Referring to this subject in his report for 1852, Secretary Henry
wrote:
From the report of the building committee it appears that the contract'lor finishing
the interior of the wings and ranges and the rooms of the towers has been completed.
The whole interior of the main building, comprising a rectangular space of 200 feet
long, 50 wide, and about 60 high, remains to be finished with fireproof materials.
It is proposed to divide this space into two stories and a basement. These stories
will be devoted to the library, the museum, and a large and convenient lecture
room.
The business of the Institution would be much facilitated were this part of the
l)uilding (•onii>leted. Since Congress has authorized the establishment of a library
and nniseuin, it will be well to place all the objects of interest to the public in the
main ])uilding and make this exclusively the show part of the establishment, devot-
ing the wings and ranges and r(X)nis of the towers to the business operations and
other pnrjMDses of the Institution. In the present condition of affairs there is no part
of the edifice to which the public has not access, and, consequently, business has to lie
tnmsacted amidst constant interruptions. The loss of time and effective life to which
all are exposed who occupy a ]>osition of notoriety in the city of Washington is truly
lamentable, and wh<*re this is enlianced ])y facility of access to gratify mere curiosity
the evil becomes scarcely endumble. Progress in business under such circumstances
cim only ]>e made by an encroachment on the hours usually allotted to rest, and
that, too, at the exi)ens<' of wa-^ted energies and shorteneti days.
NATIONAL MUSEUM— -BUILDINGS. 205
1853.
Mr. Gilbert Cameron was given the contract for completing the
structure in accordance with his previous terms, and the building
committee kept constantly in view the idea of rendering the main
building entirely fireproof and of constructing it in the most durable
and substantial manner. These changes of aiTangemcnts delayed
work until June 13, 1853, from which time onward it was actively
prosecuted. The committee found great difficulty in deciding upon
a proper position and plan of a large lecture room, but finally con-
cluded to place it in the second story in the middle of the main build-
ing, where the greatest width could be obtained.
1854.
At the close of 1854 the building committee reported that the main
or center building was finished, with the exception of a few unim-
portant additions. Many changes had been required for the better
security and adaptation of the building, and they involved an addi-
tional expense. *
1855.
During this year the entire edifice wjis completed, and the final
report of the architect was approved by the committee. The follow-
ing account of the interior of the building at this time is taken from
Secretary Henrj^'s report for 1855, with some annotations from the
report of the building committee:
The building is at length completed, and it» several apartmentn are now in a con-
dition to be applied to the uses of the Inatitution. Ah variouw changeH liave been
made in the original plan, the following brief dewription may not be inappropriate at
this time. It consists of a main edifice, two wingn, two connectinj^ ran^cn, four large
projecting towers, and several smaller ones. Its extreme length from east to west is
447 feet, with a breadth varying from 49 feet to UM) feet. The interior of the east
wing is separated into two stories, the upper of which is divide<l into a suite of rooms
for the accommodation of the family of the Secretary. Tlie lower story principally
comprises a large single room," at present appropriated to the storaj^e of pul)lication8
and the reception and distribution of ])ooks c(nmect4Ml with tlie system of exchange.
The upper story of the eastern conne<'ting range is divided into a mnnber of small
apartments devoted to the operations in natural history, and tbe lower story is fitted
up as a working laboratory.
The interior of th« main eiliiice is 201) feet long by 50 feet wide^ and consists of
two stories and a Imsement. The u))i)er story is divided into a lecture room capable
of holding 2,000 persons <* and into two additional rooms, one on either si<le, each 50
"Heventy-five feet by 45 feet.
''And 60 feet high from the basement floor to the upper ceiling.
<*The lecture room, the optical and acoustic pro|KTties of which are j>robably
unsurpassed by any apartment intemled for the siime [mrposi^ in the United States,
r>ccupie8 one-half of the upper sU)ry of the main buihling, l>esideH a i>ortion of th(*
front and rear towers. Its precise Ipngth is 96 fet»t and extreme width 62 feet. It
will comfortably seat 1,500 i)er8ons, and when crowded will contain upward of 2,000.
206 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
feet square, one of which is appropriated to a museum of apparatus and the other,
at present, to a gallery of art Both are occasionally used as minor- lecture rooms
and for the meetings of scientific, educational, or industrial associations.
The lower story of the main building consists of one large hall, to be appropriated
to a museum or a library. It is at present unoccupied, but will be brought into use
as soon as the means are provided for furnishing it with proper cases for containing
the objects to which it may }ye appropriated. o
The basement of this portion of the building is used as a lumber room and ae a
receptacle for fuel.
The west wing is at present occupied as a library, and is sufficiently large to
accommodate all the books which will probably be received during the next ten
years. The west connecting range is appropriated to a reading room.
The principal towers are divided into stories, and thus furnish a large number of
rooms of different sizes, which will all come into use in the varied operations of the
Institution. A large room in the main south tower is appropriated to the meetings
of the ''Establishment'' and the Board of Regents; three rooms in one range, in the
main front towers, are useii as offices; and two rooms below, in the same towers, are
occupied by one of the assistants and the janitor; other rooms in the towers are ii8e<l
for drawing, engraving, and workshops. There are in the whole building, of all
sizes, 90 different apartments; of these 8 are of a large size, and are intended for
public exhibitions.
The delay in finishing the building has not only been attended with advantage in
husbanding the funds, but also in allowing a more complete adaptation of the inte-
rior to the purposes of the Institution. It is surely better, in the construction of
such an edifice, to imitate the example of the mollusk, who, in fashioning his shell,
adapts it to the form and dimensions of his body, rather than that of another animal
who forces himself into a house intended for a different occupant. The first point
to l)e settle<l in commencing a building is the uses to which it is to be applied.
This, however, could not be definitely ascertained at the beginning of the Institution,
and hence the next wisest step to that of not commencing to build immediately was
to defer tin* completion of the structure until the plan of operations and the wants of
the establishment were more precisely known.
* * * The whole amount expended on the building, grounds, and objects con-
nected with them is $318,727.01. This excee<ls considerably the original estimate
and the limit which was at first adopted by the Regents.
The exccRs has ])oen principally o<'<*a8ioned by substituting fire-proof materials for
the interior of the main building instead of w(kkI and plaster, which were originally
intended.
* * * Wc should not forget that the ordinary expenses of the Institution have
constantly increased, and that, while the nominal income has remained the same,
the value of money has depreciated; and, conse^juently, the cai>ability of the original
''The (vilin^ is supiwirted by two rows of columns extending the whole length. At
the middle of the space (•orn»8|K)nding to the principal entranc*es are two wing walls,
by which, with the addition of screens, the whole space may be divided into two
lar^e rooms, with a hall extending across the building l)etween them. This story
may be us<.»d for a library or a nniseuni, or for lH)th, as the wants of the Institution
may require. It is finished in a simple but cluiste style and has received general
commendation. lnde(Ml, it is, perhaps, in api>earance one of the most imposing
n)onis in this country, apart from adaptation to its purposes. The floor through
the middle part is formed of cut stone, that of the other parta is of wood, which,
resting on th(» arches Iwneath, without sj)ace between to contain air, is considered
sufliciently fin*proof and not subject to dampness from the variation of temperature
and humidity of the atmosphere.
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 207
U-qiufst ti) produce ri-sultu has been abridged in a (;orroHponding ])roportion. Besides,
whi'U the Imildin}^ Ir entirely ocoupierl, tlie expense of warming;, uttendani'e, etc.,
must ne<.ftfflarily l)e much increased l)eyond its prenent amount. The n»i:)air8, on
au-ount of the peculiar style of architecture a*iopte<l, will ever l)e a heavy item of
fX]ienditun*. The several pinnacles, buttresses, an<l intersec^ting riH>fH all affonl
jM lints of peculiar exposure to the injuries of the weather.
1857.
In 1857 the building committee .stated that at its last session (^^ongress
had appropriated $15,000 for cases for the collections belonging to the
(lovernment. These were then finished and formed a beautiful addi-
tion to the large hall on the first floor, being ap|;)arentl y well adapted
to the purpose intended. The west wing, devoted to the li})nirv, had
lieen furnished with alcoves and a gallery extending around three
sides of the room, an arrangement serving to increase greiitly the
a(*commodation and .securitv of the books.
No report was made by the building conmiittee iifter this year.
1858.
In his report for 1858 Secretary Henry states that —
■
In order to increase the capacity of the lan^' nnmi appropriated to tlic collection,
the cases have been arrange<l in two stories, foniiin^ a wries of aUrovos and a jjallery
on each side. By the adoption of tliis plan s|)a(v can )n? providiMl for iloul)lc the
nnmher of specimens which were exhihiteti at the Patent Oilice.
Coniiiuratively few rejiairs liave l)een re4i"ired during the past year on tlie build-
injr, though the changes which have l)e<*n neeessary to aeeoninnMlate the incrrasinj?
o|H'rations of the Institution have involved considerable <*x|hmis«*. The corrijlors,
which were entirely o]H»n to the northwest wind, havi* been incloseil with «;Iazed
sashes; a lai^ amount of sjmce has thus lK*en rendered available, and a considerable
(lortion of the interior of the building protected from the inelemmcy nf the weather.
During this year the (iovernnient collections at tin* Putcnt Olhce
were transfernHl to the lower main hall of tin* Sniith.soiiian })uil(ling,
in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress «)f AultusI
UK 1846.
FIRE OF 18IM. ANI> KKsToKATIoN (»F TMF. HI' I MM N« J.
On Januarv 24, isri."). the ])nildinj' of the Sinitlisonian Institution
wjis visited by a destructive tire, which })urn(Ml out the upper story of
the main building and tin* lar^e towcM-s at the north and south
entrances. The followint^ atcouiit of this disast(M' is taken from Sec-
retary Henr3'\s rej^rt for \Hi\i):
The most important event of ISCkS was the destrnetion of a part of tlie bnlMinir and
its contents bv the firc^ of Januarv 24. Thi> eviMit must coiiiinne to fonn an immk-Ij
» » I
in tli«* history of the Institntinn; and though it ran n«»t but be ronsid<*red a most
serious disaster, it may yet lead t»i changes nt importance in tlir eorn'ction of tt'U-
(h>nrif's whieh nu^ht nitimatt'ly li:i\(' absorlH'd tiic anrnial im-ome and nentra1i/<'<i
the more lil)enil ]M)licy wbi<'b has thnn far Imtu pursue«l. in virw. tlirrefon*. nf the
ebaraeter <»f the event, as w«'ll a.= t!u' (Muitinuity (»f iIm* history, it is deenieil expe-
208 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
dient, before proceeding with an account of the operations of the year, to repeat
briefly the facts connected with the origin and results of the lire.
It may be well, however, for the better information of those not ac'quainted with
the Smithsonian building, to premise in regard to it the following particulars: It
consists of a main edifice 200 feet long and 50 wide, with two large wings and two
connecting ranges, having in all an extreme length, in an east and west direction,
of 450 feet. In front and rear of the middle portion are pR>jections, terminate<l by
high towers, two on the north and one on the south side; moreover, on each comtr
of the middle building is a snmller tower, and also one on each of. the two wings.
The whole of the first story of the main building, in a single room, is devote*! to
the museum; the up]x^r story, in three apartments, was assigned to the lecture room,
the gallery of art, and the cabinet of apparatus. The west wing is entirely appro-
priated to the library; the east wing to the residence of the Secretary and a store-
room for publications and sj^ecimens of natural history. The east connecting ranpt*
contains the la])oratory and office nM)ms; the west range is an extension of the
nmseum. In the large towers were the Regents' room, the offices of the Secretary,
storerooms, and workshop.
Though the original plan was much admired for it« architectural effect, it was
soon found that, in relation to the means at the disiM)8al of the building committee,
it was too expensive to admit in its construction of the exclusive use of tire-proof
materials; hence, while the exterior was to be constructeil of cut freestone, it was
concluded to finish the interior in wood and stucco. Fortunately, this plan, which
waa carried out in regard to the wings, the connecting ranges, and the towers, was
abandoned before the completion of the main building. After the exterior of thin,
including the roof, had l>een finished and the framing of the 'interior was in place,
the latter suddenly gave way and was precipitated int^> the cellar — a mass of brok<*n
timber. The attention of the Regents having l)een calle<l by this accident to the
insecurity of the woodwork, they directed that the further progress of the buiMinj;
should be stoi)pe<l until mean.*< could be acc^uinulated for finishing the remainder of
the edifice in a more stable manner and with fire-[)roof materials. In acconlance
with this direction, after an interval of several years, the construction was recom-
menced under the direction of Capt. (now Gen.) B. S. Alexander, of the Engineer
Corps, and the whole of the main building, except the inside of the towers and the
framing of the nxjf, whi(;h had previously been completed, was finished in a sub-
stantial manner in iron and brick work. The architect advise<i the removal of the
n)of, hut as this would have swelled the cost of the building still further bt»yond the
estimate and the means at command, and as the covering was of slate, the framing
under it was thought to l)e in no danger from fire. This, however, was destined to
be the jiart on which the first attack of the element was to be made. Thn>ugh a
mistake in some workmen, the pipe of a stove whi<'h ha<l been temporarily nse<l in
one of the upper rooms was introduced through the wall into a furring S[>ace resem-
bling a flue, but which discharged the heated air from the combustion into the h>ft
immediately under the roof, instead of into the air through the true chimney.'*
'^Previous to the fire thr large room partly occupied by the Stanley collection (»f
Indian portraits had been fitted out w ith about 2l):) feet of eases around the walls to
receive the ethnological specimens in the i)ossession of the Institution. While
engagcil in rearranging the pictures above these rases, the workmen, with a view to
their own comfort, unfortunately j>la('ed the pipe of a stove in a ventilating flue
which opened under the roof, and thus can.^ed the conflagration which destroyed
the upjKT part of the main buihling. Fortunately, none of the ethnological articles
had been place<l in this r(»om, and cons(M)uently these specimens, with those of the
museum and of the ^'cTicral collections, have been preserve<l. (Secretary Henry.
Report for 1864, p. 31.;
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 209
The raftern were Het on lire, and l)efore the burning was <li8covere<l the entire wckmI-
work un<ler the covering was in flames. The progress of the fire was so rapid tliat
hut few of the contents of the upper rooms could be removed before the nyol fell in.
The flames soon extended to the lai^ towers, and, as these acted as high chinmeys,
they greatly increaseii the intensity of the combustion. The conflagration was only
stayed by the incombustible materials of the main building. Had the original plan
of constructing the interior of the edifice in wood and plaster l)een fully carried out,
the whole structure would have been destroyed and the valuable library and rich
collections of specimens of natural history entirely lost.
The aperture which deceived the workmen was prolmbly made by those who origi-
nally plastered the building. It occupied a middle point between two windows, and
from its position would naturally lead to the inference that it w^as designed to con-
<luct the pnxlucts of combustion directly into the chimney, from which it wa** only
separate<l by the thickness of a single brick. For what reason it hail not l)een
place<l in the middle between the two windows is unknown. It is reuienibered tliat
some ten years previous to the fire this ojKjning was during several weeks uned for
the insertion of a stove pipe, without suspicion of accident at the time; but in the
interval the wowl had undergone a process of drying which rendered it more com-
bustible.
(Vmstantly impressed with the fact that the interior of the two wings and the con-
necting ranges were constructed of combustible material, I have always felt great
anxiety on account of the liability to conflagration of these parts of tlie building.
The rest of the edifice, with the exception of the interior of the towers, was sup-
pose<l to be secure from injury of this nature. A night watch was /'onatantl y kept,
liarrels and buckets filled with water were placed at suitable points, and strict rules
were adopte<l prohibiting the carrying of expose<i lights, as well as the pnictice of
Hmoking, in any partof the edifice. That these precautions were unavailing has been
sec*n, the fire having l>een comnnmicated at a point where danger wan least sus-
pecteil, and in a manner which rendered its occurrence s(M»ner or later almost
inevitable.
The weather at the time was extremely cold, and Vx»fon> the engines could be
brought into operation the whole of the roof was in flam<*s. Commencing at the
we*st end of the center building, the flames were driven by the wind, which blew
from that direction eastwardly, and, fortunately, away from the library, in the west
wing. The destruction of the roof of the main biiilding involve<l that of the con-
tents of the rooms immediately beneath it and also thos<» of the three principal
towers adjac*ent. In the former were the Indian portrait gallery, the lecture room,
an<l the apparatus room. The first of these contained the large collection of paint-
ings by Mr. Stanley and a series of Indian i)ortraits behmging to the <TOvernment.
The lecture room was constructed on acoustic and optical principles, and not only
answered perfectly the ends for which it was imme<liately intended, but had served
also as a model for lecture rooms in various parts of the country. The apparatus
TfHyni (H'intained the principal |>art of the articles presented by the l-dtv Dr. KoWrt
Hare, and a largt» number of instruments of recent construction intcnde<l both for
illustration an<l original research.
The losses in the south tower were, first, the contents of the Regents' room,
inchnling the personal effects of Smithson; second, those of a large room above it, in
which wer^ stored the private library of Reverend Doctor Johns, of Virginia, and the
public library of Beaufort, South Carolina, <leposited thereat the retjucst <>f Hon. Mr.
Stanton, for preservation until the en<l of the war; and, thinl, in the attic, a large col-
lection of public do<*uments and complete sets of the Smithsonian RejMirts, inten<UHl
for distribution. The effects of Smithson had but little intrinsic value, and wen*
chiefly prized as mementos of the founder of the Institution. They consisted of a
number of articles of chemical and physical apparatus, such as were use<l by him in
JIAT MU« 1903 14
210 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
his peranibulatory excursions, two small cabinets of minute specimens of minerals,
a silver-plated dinner service, and a trunk filled with manuscripts. The portrait
of Smithson while a student at Oxford, a medallion likeness of him in bronze, his
library, consisting of 150 volumes, and a small painting were saved. The manuscripte
consisted principally of notes on scrai)s of paper, intended apparently for alphabetical
arrangement in a commonplace book, after the manner of a philosophical dictionary.
The losses in the north towers were the contents of the offices of the Secretary,
including the records and copies of the correspondence of the Institution, the wocxi-
cuts to illustrate the publications, the steel plates of an expensive memoir, several
boxes of stereotype plates, a large number of manuscripts of the Secretary on wien-
tific subjects, four memoirs accepted for publication, about a hundred volunle^• of
valuable books from the library, used for constant and immediate reference; a large
number of copies of the Smithsonian Reports and duplicate documents; the contents
of the workshop, consisting of a lathe, forge, a full set of tools, and an assortment of
hardware and materials for the construction and repair of apparatus; and of the
upper room of the highest tower, including the clockwork of an anemometer for
recording the direction and force of the wind. Not only was this instrument itself
lost, but all the records which had been obtained by the use of it for the la*<t seven
years. Fortunately, nearly all the other meteorological records, which w^ere in a
lower room, were saved.
The Indian portraits, as far as they were the likenesses of particular indivi<luals, in
most cases can never -be reproduced, but we are gratified to learn that the extensive
collection of Mr. Catlin of a similar character has been purchased in Europe by Mr.
Harrison, of Philadeli)hia, and will be rendered accessible to the student of ethnology.
Besides this, there are in existence, particularly in Canada, other portraits sufficient
in number and variety fully to illustrate the characteristics of the race. At the same
time the loss has fallen very heavily upon Mr. Stanley, the painter and owner of
this collection. It was the result of the labor of many years among the Indians; it
constituted the i)ride, as it has been the crowning effort, of his life, and he ardently
desired that it might l)e transmitted to posterity as a monument of his enterprise and
industry. The hope is entertained that the (yovernment will see fit to give him an
order to paint a picture for the Capitol, in which the principal figures of this collec-
tion and the charac^t eristics of the Indian race may be portrayed.
The apparatus presented by Doctor Hare was interesting on account of its associa-
tion with the history of the advance of science in this c*ountr}'. The collection con-
tained most of the articles invented by the donor, and which are described in the
scientific journals of the first half of the present century. Among the chemical
implements were those used by that distinguished chemist in procuring for the first
time, without the aid of galvanism, calcium, the metallic basis of lime. A number
of the articles of apparatus presented by Doctor Hare, though injured by the fire,
may be repaired, and I have taken measures for their restoration.
Among the articles of historic interest which were lost is the lens used by Priest-
ley for the evolution of oxygen from the oxide of mercury, and by means of which
the first distinct recognition of this elementary substance was effected. It had been
presented to the Institution l)y the nephew of the celebrated philosopher, as was
also the apparatus employed ])y Priestley in his experiments on bodies in condensed
atmospheres. The latter was but slightly injured and can readily be repaired. The
other articles of apparatus may be replaced at an expense of about $10,000.
The most irrepara])le loas was that of the records, consisting of the ofllcial, scien-
tific, and miscellaneous correspondence, embracing 35,000 pages of copied letters
which had been sent, at least 80,000 of which were the composition of the Secretary,
and 50,000 pages of letters receive<l by the Institution; the receipts for publications
and si)ecimens; reports on various subjects which have l)een referred to the Institu-
tion; the records of experiments instituted by the Secretary for the Government;
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 211
foar manuscripts of original in vestigations which had been adopted by the Institu-
tion for publication; a large number of papers and scientific notes of the Secretary;
a series of diaries and memorandum and account books. Fortunately, however, a
detailed history of the general operations of the Institution is preserved in the
printed reports, and a large amount of correspondence connected with natural his-
tory and meteorology was saved.
Since the occurrence of the fire all the operations have been carried on in the lower
story of the east wing of the building (the upper part still continuing to be the resi-
dence of the Secretary) and in the several rooms of the adjoining east range. Con-
nected with an office in the latter, the lower story of the tower attached to the
southeast comer of the main building has been converted into a fireproof vault, in
which all the valuable papers and records are constantly kept, except for the usually
short time they are required for consultation. To insure the wakefulness and fidelity
of the watchmen we have introduced the use of an instrument called a "detector,"
which records the number and the times of his visits to the several parts of the
building. For this instrument, which has rendere<i good service during the past
year, we are indebte<i to the lil)erality of its inventor, Mr. J. E. Bauerk, of Boston,
who, in consicleration of the loss which the Institution has sustained by fire, kindly
presented it free of charge.
A circumstantial account is given by the building committee of what has l^en
done towanl the reconstruction of the edifice. From this it will Ik? sc»en that the
plan adopted contemplates not merely the repair of the damage ])y the tire, but the
restoration of the several parts in fireproof materials, and with such alterations in
the divisiim of the interior space as will better adapt it to the uses of the Institution.
The plans have been prepared and the work 8Ui>erin tended by Mr. Adolph Cluss,
an art^hitect who was warmly recommended by the mayor of Washington as having
been successful in designing and erecting the public schoolhouses of the city, as well
as a numl>er of churches and other buildings. These plans have been (Titically
examined and, in some cases, modified by the chairman of the building conmiittee.
General Delafield, who, by his knowledge and experience in the line of engineering,
has rendered the Institution valuable service.
No appropriation has yet been made by Congress to aid in the restoration of the
building. Considering, however, the large amount of Government property intrusted
to the care of the Institution, it can scarcely l)e doubted that in a normal condititm
of the national finances, an appropriation for sucrh purpose would have lx;en readily
granted.
In consideration of the extraordinary outlay recjuired for the reconstruction of the
building, an effort has been made to reiluce as much as possible the miscellaneous
expenses, and to engage in no enteri)rise that is not absolutely necessary to the con-
tinuance of the general operations. So many articles, however, of furniture and
stores of hardware and stationery were to l>e replaced that we have not been able to
reduce the expenditures to as low a point as we could wish; yet it will l>e seen that
they fall somewhat below those of the preceding year. * * *
The cost of the restoration of the building in fireprof>f materials without changing
the external appearance has, as fonnerly stated, y)een far greater tlian was antici-
pated. Whether the portion of the work yet to be executed will much exceed in
cost that which has alrea<ly l)een complete<i will depend upon the price of materials
and of labor. The Institution may in time Ix; able to finish this work without
encroaching on its present (capital, i>rovided the Secretary of the Treasury shall
recognize the inadequacy of the payments of interest which for three years were
made in the depreciated currently of the time. If this allowance be not made and
no aadstance be received from Congress, then, in order to secure the building and
its contents from injury by the weather the Institution will be obliged to sacrifice a
212 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
portion of ite extra fund, and to the extent of this forever diminish its power to
'* increase and diffuse knowledge among men."
* * * As the public muneum of the Institution occupied the portion of the
building constructed of fireproof materials, it escaped destruction by the fire, yet the
smoke and water to which they were exposed caused some damage to the specimens,
an<l nmch labor and expense were requisite to restore them to their proper appear-
ance.
The report of Secretar}^ Henry immediately following the fire con-
tains some important statements, which, though made before those
above quoted, am better supplement them. They are partly as
follows:
Although greatly to Ix? regretted on account of the losses incurred, the accident w
not without compensation in considerations of a different nature; thus it has sensed
to call forth the expression of a largo amount of kind feeling in regard to the Institu-
tion and U) direct the attention of Congress to the character and importance of it«
operations.
* * * Two grave errors were committeil in the adoption of the present one
[building]; first, the plan was but little adapted to the uses to which the edifice was
to l)eapplie<l; second, the style of architecture required a far greater expenditure
than the amount to which the cost of the building was limited. For the purpose of
architt^ctural effect the interior was very inconveniently divided. The buttresses,
turrets, and towers, while they add very little to the accommodation of the building!,
greatly increased the cost. To have constructed the building in a substantial
and durable manner in strict conformity with the Lombard style of architecture,
which was adoi)ted, would have required an expenditure of at least double the
amount of the sum appropriated for the purpose. It was therefore necessary, in
order that the exterior might be constructed of freestone, that the interior should be
finished in wood and stucco, and that thus recourse should be had to the presenta-
tion of a falsehoo<i to the eye in the very inauguration of an enterprise for the
advancement of truth. The two wings and the two connecting ranges were com-
I)leted in this manner. The main l)nilding, which is 200 feet long and 50 feet wide,
emlxillished with six towers, was also in process of completion, the framinfi^ of the
interior having l>een finished, when the underpinning gave way and the whole of
the woodwork fell to the ground.
After the occurren<'e of this accident a commission of architects appointed to
examine the building reported that the exterior walls were well built, both in
regard to construction and materials, but that the plan of finishing the interior
in wood and stucco was improper for an edifice intended to contain valuable articlee.
It was therefore recommended that firei)roof materials should be employed for the
portions of the work whi(!h remained to be constructed. In conformity with this
recommendation the interior of the main building was completed in iron, stone, and
brick, with the exception of the roof, which, being covered with slate and not sup-
posed to be exposed to danger from tire, was suffered to remain. It was this change
in the mode of constructing a portion of the edifice which, during the late fire, saved
the contents of the whole from destruction. It however increased the cost of the
building to upward of $300,000, leaving the remaining parts of the interior of the
structure in perishable materials.
* * * Nothing definite can be said at present as to the financial arrangements
for the re|)air of the Iniilding. The subject is still before Congress, and althoogh the
idea has been confidently entertained that an ai)propriation would be made for the
purpose, yet, from the discussion which took j)lace in the meeting of the joint com-
mittee of the two Houses ap|)ointe<l t(> consi<ler this matter, I do not think a resolu-
tion authorizing such an appropriation will l^e adopted.
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BU1LDING8. 213
The first meeting of the Regents after the fire was held on January
28, 1865, having been iralled principally in conseqiuMice of that event.
The {Secretary presented a brief account of the tire, and of the steps
immediately taken, through the Secretary of War, to place a tempo-
rary roof over the main building. This work was done under the
Quartermaster's Department of the Army, which furnished the neces-
sary materials and men, the expense being subse(|uently refunded by
the Institution. This roof was adequate to protect the })uilding from
storms without interfering with the construction of a permanent
covering.
It was announced that the committees on Public Buildings and
Grounds of both the Senate and House had alrejidy been directed to
inquire into the origin of the tire, the approximate loss to the (lov-
ernment and to private persons, the means necessary to preserve the
remaining portions, etc. In anticipation of the work of these com-
mittees it was thought advisa))le that a special committee be appointed
to report directly to the Board, Mr. li. Wallach, a Regent, and Pro-
fessor Henry, the Secretary, being designated as sucli conmiittee,
under the following resolution :
That a (^mmittee bo appointed to inquire into the origin of the fire, to ascertain
the extent and character of the loss su^taineil, and to make HujrgeHtions as to what
measures should be a<iopted for the repair and improvement of the buildinj^.
The report of this committee, submitted at a I^oard meeting on
February 2, 1865, after reciting the origin of the tin* and explaining
the losses sustained (amounting, besides the damage to the building,
to about $20,000 for the Institution and ^2t),000 for individuals), as
well as the parts saved from injury, all of which have been sufticiently
described above, made the following suggestions as to what they con-
sidered should be done.
There can be no hesitation in adopting the conclusion that steps should he imme-
diately taken not only to repair the injury, but to improve the <'ondition ()f the
bailding.
1. The main edifice should l)e provided with a metallic roof.
2. For the wooden conical terminations of the towers shouM Ikj suhstitnte<l metallic
coverings.
3. All valuable articles 'belonginj? to the Institution or deposite<l in it, inchuiing
the library, should be platMnl in the main building, which should he <'ut off from the
wings by iron doors.
4. Provision should be made for a thorough heating of the whole building by ste^m
or hot water.
5. Suggestions should Ix* requested from ccmipetont architect** and engineers as to
work to be done, and those which are adopted should be embodicnl in working plans
and drawings.
6. A building committee of the Board shouM be appointe<l to have charge of the
work.
No very exact estimate can as yet be made as to the cost of the repairs, etc., for it
has not been possible, without ere<rting a s<'affol(ling, to determine whether it will Ih'
214 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
necessary to take down the high northern tower. Colonel Alexander, of the Engineer
Corps, however, has informed the committee that he thinks $100,000 will be required
to make the necessary repairs and improvements.
The committee can not conclude without adding that, in their opinion, the occur-
rence of the fire ought not to be allowed to interfere with the active operations of
the Institution, on which essentially depends the reputation it has established
throughout the world and its efficiency as an instrument for 'Hhe increase and dif-
fusion of knowledge among men.'' To the support and extension of these opera-
tions, therefore, the annual interest from the original fund should, as far as possible,
continue as heretofore to l>e conscientiously applied.
At the same meeting measures were discussed for the repair and
improvement of the building, and the opinion was expressed by the
Congressional Regents present that an appropriation for the purpose
would be made by Congress without opposition, but such relief was
not obtained.
The joint committee of the Senate and House of Representatives,
above referred to, made its report to Congress on February 21, 1865,
after visiting the building, having adopted the report of the Smith-
sonian committee. At a subsequent meeting of the joint Congressional
committee Secretary Henry was requested to describe his connection
with the Institution, to give an account of its objects and operations,
the origin of the building, and such other facts as might be of public
interest. Secretary Henry's statement, together with the report of
the coDMnittees and of the testimony, were printed conjointly as Senate
Report No. 129, Thirty-eighth Congress, second session, February,
1865.
At a meeting held on March 1, 1865, it was resolved by the Regents:
''That the whole subject of the repairs and reconstruction of the
building * * * be intrusted to the Chancellor, the Secretary, and
the executive committee." This committee reported annually during
the three years from 1866 to 1868, inclusive, and the following extracts
are from that source:
1865. The firnt step toward the reconstruction of the building waa to secore the
services of a competent i^erson as architect and engineer to prepare plans and saper-
int^nd the work. For this purpose Mr. Adolph Clues, who had designed and
directed the building of the principal schoolhouses of the city, was employed.
The next thing to l>e done was the making of a critical survey to ascertain the
actual state of the walls, and to determine what parts it was necessary first to rebuild.
This survey force<l u|)on the committee the conviction that the original construction
of the building, as a whole, was very defective, and, in many respects, unsuited as a
receptacle of records and other valuable articles, the loss of which could never be
repaired. The exterior of all the walls consists of a facing of red sandstone, bound
to an irregular backing of bluestone of very bad workmanship. In the main build-
ing and in the lower jmrtion of the large south tower was inserted a 4-inch brick
lining separated by an air space from the main walls. This lining is not bound to
the walls, and, therefore, does not add to their strength. It is merely a furring,
intended to prevent dampness by the conden;«ation of moisture from the atmosphere.
This furring is open at the top, and it was into this that the stovepipe was inserted
KATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. Si 5
which led to the accideut by fire. In all the other rooms of the towers the plaster-
ing was upon the rough rubble work.
The heavy projecting cornice of the south tower was merely set in place without
fastening, and, consequently, could not withstand any disturbing action.
The parts of the building which were not injured by fire, namely, the two wings
and connecting ranges, as far as the committee have had the opportunity of examin-
ing, are defective in materials and construction. The floors, in tunne cases, though
i-overed with flagging and filled in with deafening, rest upon l>eams of i)ine woo<l,
which is decayed, and in the course of a few years the interior of these parts will
re«|uire renewal.
It is proper to state that the foregoing remarks on tlie character of the materials
and the construction of the building are not applicable to the work on the main edi-
fi<*e, subsequently executed under the superintendence of Capt. (now (ieneral) B. S.
Alexander, of the United States Engineers. This work, which principally consisted
in the arching of the basement and the main story of the upper buildinjj, was exe-
cute<l in fireproof materials and prevented the extension of the fire, and, conse-
quently, the destruction of the entire edifice and all its contents.
From the foregoing account of the original construction of the building, it will not
l>e surprising that the effect of the fire was found to be much more serious than i)re-
vious to this survey it had been supposed, and that the work to be <lone could not
l>e confined to the mere repairing of the injury caused by the fire, but would include
also the rebuilding of a considerable |)art of the edifice; and this was particularly the
i^ase on awount of the decision of the Board that the restoration should be in all
parts indestructible by fire.
The heavy projecting cornice of the south tower had fallen <lown, in part, and the
rt»niainder was unfit to receive a new roof.
The high brick columns, extending from the cellar to the eaves of the main building,
and supporting the northerti wall of the south tower, wore so iruich damaged by the
fire as to require to be removed, and consequently, with them the above-mentioned
wall itself. The lining of the upi)er story of the main buil<ling was also so much
injure<l that the greater portion of this will reijuire renewal. But the most unstable
portion of the building, and that which gave rise to most anxiety, was the prin-
cipal northern tower. This, which is 140 feet high, starts from a sijuare base, and
is gradually transformed into a regular octagon of smaller dimensions. Four sides
of this octagon rest upon the sides of the original eciuare, but project into the inte-
rior, while its other four sides extend diagonally across the angles of the s<iuare,
and are supp>orted by rough and imperfect corbel work, consisting of nia'^ses of blue-
stone very seriously affected by the fire. The tower was originally divided into a
series of stories by transverse wooden l)eams and plank floors, which were entirely
destroyed. The anxiety in regard to this tower was increased by observing a vertical
crack extending a considerable portion of the height of the tower, but whether this
iiad previously been produced by uneijual settling, ami had merely been increase<l
by the unequal expansion of the exterior an<l interior walls, due to the fire, or
entirely product by the latter cause, could not be definitely ascertained. As this
jiart of the building imperatively demanded innnediate care, the architect was
din»cte<l to give it his first attention. After a due consideration of its then present
condition and its future use as a receptacle of iieavy articles, it was considered neces-
sary to erect within it a lining of solid brickwork 9 inches thick, laid in cement,
fnmi the bottom to the top, firmly unite<l to the original wall, an<l serving as the
support to iron beams of the brick floor. And, furthermore, it was concluded to fill
up in brickwork a number of the high, narrow windows in each story, which would
add to the strength of the structure without affecting externally it« architectural
appearance.
2ir> REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM^ 1903.
A einiilar construction was diret^ted in the other principal north tower, and the
work in lK)th has Ix^en execute<l in such a manner as to give assurance that th«?e
parts of the building will not merely lie restored, but will also be rendered more
stable than they were before the conflagration. The crack above mentioned has been
found, by the undisturbed condition of a thin stratum of plaster place<l over it, to
have remained the same, and the walls, for several months previous and during the
winter, have not undergone any perceptible change.
While the work immediately required for the safety of the front towers wa« in
progress, plans were discussed and prepared for the interior of these as well as for
that of the south tower, with a view to their better adaptation to the wants of the
establishment.
The original plan of the building included four principal staircases leaiHng to the
upper story of the edifice, one on each side of the north entrance, and a similar
arrangement on the right and another on the left of the south entrance. As these
occupied a large portion of useful space, it was thought best to increase the size of
those at the north entrance, dispense with those on the southern, and so arrange the
heights of the stories of all the towers as to render them more available for the
business operations of the establishment.
The work which has been done on the southern tower consists in the removal of
the north wall and a considerable part of the upper portion of the other three wall?;
the preparation of a part of the freej»toue, from which to reconstruct the exterior
wall; the greater portion of the brickwork of the l)asement, and the furnishing of
the cast-iron colunms intended to replace the brick piers which supported the
northern wall of this tower. * * *
This temporary roof, covered with felt saturated with tar, has served the purpose
intended. It will, however, rapidly deteriorate, and, consequently, the first object
of the committee, during the coming season, will be to decide on the character of
the roof, and to hasten its completion as rapidly as the work can properly be
accomplisheii.
In the restoration of the building the committee have been governed by the
following considerations:
First. To render the work entirely stable, both in regard to material and mode o1
construction.
Second. To render it thoroughly fireproof.
Third. In view of the great cost at present of material and workmanship, and the
condition of the funds of the Institution, at first to do such work as should be
necessary to preserve the stability of the several parts of the building, and prevent
injury to tlie property by the weather. * * *
1866. The restoration of the building hai* been prosecuted during the last year as
rai)i(lly as the funds at the disposal of the (Committee and the character of the work
would i>ermit. * * *
The large south tower was so much injure<l that 30 feet of the upper portion had
to l)e taken down and rebuilt, the <'ost of which was much enhanced by the neces-
sity of recutting a large amount of new stone for the facing. This tower has been
divided into six stories, affording as many large rooms, the lower for an extension
of the nmseum, an upj>er one for the meetings of the Regents, and the others for
storage, etc. The offices for the ac<'onimodation of the Secretary and assistants will
be in the nothern towers and connecting sj)ace.
The principal access to the second story of the main Iniilding is by two large iron
staircases, one on cither side of the northern entrance. These have been completed.
All the towers and connections with the main building have been covered with
substantial ro(^)fs. After nuurh in(]uiry and |)ersonal investigation, it was concluded
to adopt the plan for the roof of the main building of wrought-iron framing and slate
NATIONAL MrSKUM — Bl'ILDINGS. 217
o<>vering, the latter 8ecure<i in placn* by wire to iron purlines and pointwl underneath
by a oriatin}; of ooment.
• The inside lining of the walln of the .sec^ond story of the building, which had l>een
nuich injure<l by the fire, has been removed and its platv «upplie(i by a new 9-inch
brick wall laid in cement, securely tied, and clamiHHl to the outer stonework.
The chairman of the committee haa given i)er8onal attention to the work in its
progrens and can state from actual knowle<lge that the i>lan8, material, and work-
manship are of a satisfactory character, alike cre<litable to the talents and careful
8a|)ervision of Mr. Clui», the architect.
1867. It was statetl in the report presentetl to tht^ Board at it« last session that it
waf proposed, during the yeAr 1867, to roof the main building and towers and finish
the interior of all the rr>oms, halls, staircases, and main entrance, leaving the large
room of the uppi»r story over the museum unfinished until funds could Ik* proviileil
for the purjjose and its future use l>e detenninetl.
In acconiance with this proposition the ironwork of the rcwif over the museum
was ere<*te<l early in tht» spring, and covered with slate, fastene<l t<^ the iron purlines
with wire and j)lafltere<l inside with wall pla*<ter. The iron gutters, as well as the
roof, were found pt»rfectly secure from leakage <luring tht; hanlest summer rains.
The seven^ test oi ice and snow during the |>rescnt winter has shown the nec^essity
for ad<litions in the armngements for con<lucting the water from the roof. Plans for
this purpose are now un<ler disirussion with the architect for |)ersevering in the orig-
inal plan, or adopting some additional security that the late severe season has indi-
<*attMl to Ik* advisable.
The adaptation of new to old work in restoring the building from the destructive
effiH'ts of the lire by sul>stituting incombtistible materials for w(M>den partitions,
fltx»rs, and roofs, has been attended, as was foresi'en, with much labor and exjKjnse,
as well as making additional means indisiH.*nsable for rendering the roof surfaces,
valleys, and gutters water-tight in winter, when covered with snow and occasionally
ice, as well as the summer rains. Like the pu])lic buildings generally in this city
(and we may say elsewhere) where battlements exten<l al>()ve the eaves, with gutters
lK*hind them ujwn the riK>f, or resting upon the walls, nmch inconvenience, and at
tinu*s damage, arises from leaks the result of such a system. It is experienced in
the Smithsonian building in conse(|U<*nce of the stone battlements capping all its
exterior walls. The present architect's original design, apiiroved by the committee,
is set forth in his reiK)rt of the oiK^rations of the year annexed hereto. Neither
time nor the funds of the Institution would permit his carrying this part of his plan
into oiHjration; and until it is <lone, tc>gether with some additions that the late
inclement season has ix)inte<l out as a<lvisable and nect^ssary, the building is not
se<'ure, nor the pro|K?rty within it, from <lampness and moisture.
The introduction of the propos4*d wanning apparatus for all the ai>artments is
the next most essential jmrticular to be undertaken, to be <*ommen('e<l whenever the
funds of the Institution will justify.
The security of the sevenil apartments and contents are in a great measure depend-
ent uiKin such an apparatus as a substitute* for the stoves temporarily in use, and for
which no |>ermanent smoke lhu*s or other arrangements were provide<l.
All the r<Kmis in the north tower, forming three suites of thrw in each, with two
n>om8 on the entrance fi<K»r, one for the janitor an<l the other for a reception room
for visitors, have lx*en completed an<l are now used and occupied as otfices for con-
ducting the ojK^rations of the ln.»*titution. Tiie several apartments in this north
tower above thi*se offices have al.»Jo lK*en completed. The rooms an<l apartments in
the south tower have also lH*en finished and are now occupied. The lower one, or
that on the first floor, forms a part of the general miLseum and is now devote<l U) the
rcH*eption of the larger and most weighty articles of ethnology, such as the stone
images from Central America and the stone sarcophagus from Syria.
218 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
The apartments on the next story have been fitted up with shelves, bins, and other
fixtures for the transaction of the business of the literary and scrientific exchanges,
packing and distributing the same.
The apartments next al)ove have been finished for the meetings and convenientv
of the Board of Regents, and those on the three remaining floors liave also l>een tin-
ished and appropriated to storage and such other purposes as may .become nec*essary.
In this tower are also provided an elevator with convenient mechanical imwer for
removing books, specimens, etc., to and from the basement and four stories aliove
it, etc. * * »
To increase the accommodation two additional floors have been added to the
original subdivision of the stories of the north and south towers. To furnisti light to
the new rooms in the south tower, circular windows have been opened through the
walls, without interfering with the original architectural effect of the exterior, tiius
furnishing sufficient light for the purpose for which these apartments are intcnde*^!.
The cost of the reconstruction during 1865, 1866, and 1867 aniounted
to $119,528.01, all of which was paid from Smithsonian funds, except
the sum of $8,883.69 taken from the Congressional appropriation for
the preservation of the Government collections.
At the Regents' meeting of January 27, 1868, it was resolved that
the great hall of the second story of the building and such other rooms
as are not required for the regular operations of the Institution be
devoted to the preservation of the scientific collections. It should be
explained in this connection that before this time the library of the
Institution had been transferred to the Library of Congress, thus
increasing the amount of space available for museum purposes.
A resolution was also adopted at the same meeting that a committee
be appointed to report to the Regents at their next meeting what
amount of appropriation should ])e asked of Congress for the care of
the Museum and for fitting up the great hall for the safe-keeping and
exhibition of specimens. On May 1, 1868, as a result of this ac*tion
the following memorial was presented to Congress:
To the honorable ttie Senate and Hoiise of Representatives in Congress assemMed:
In behalf of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, the undorpigneil
l^g leave rt»»i>ectfully to submit to your honorable body the following statement,
and to solicit such action in regard to it as may be deemed just and proper:
*******
It is tnie that Congress, at the time the specimens were transferred to the Institu-
tion, granted an appropriation of |4,000 for their care and preservation, that l>eing
the e<}uivalent of the estimated cost of the maintenance of these collections in the
Patent Office, where they had previously been exhibited. But this sum, from the
rise in pri(!es and the expansion of the museum by the specimens obtaine<i from
about fifty exploring expeditions ordered by Congress, scarcely more than defrays
at the present time one-third of the annual expense. In this estimate no account is
taken of the rent of the part of the building devoted to the museum of the Govern-
ment, which at a moderate estimate would Ihj $20,000 per annum.
Besides the large exj)en(liture wliich has already been made on the building, at
least 150,000 more will be required to finish the large hall in the second story,
net^essary for the full display of the si)ecimens of the Government. But the Regents
do not think it judicious further to embarrass the active oi)eration8 for several years
to come by devoting a large part of the income to this object, and have therefore
^^.-.I^t^^'Y
k^^^^S
^i% i
j|^^S^^=* 1 1^ "J
1 «?^
ii^-~I^I
1 pr^'*2
11 ^ 1 t,:!'-!-*
\
fl '-i* n
m
r=> ■ U
^ ^? - Jl^^^^^^^miSMM
NATIONAL yUSEUX — BUILDINGS. 219
oonchided to allow this room to remain nnfinitihed until other means are provided
for completing it.
It 18 not by its castellated building nor the exhibition of the museum of the Gov-
ernment that the Institution has achieved its present reputation, nor by the irolU'c-
tion and display of material objects of any kind that it has vindicate<l the intelligence
and good faith of the Government in the atlminintration of the tru8t. It is by itH
explorations, its researches, its publications, its diHtribution of specimens, and its
exchanges, constituting it an active, living organization, that it has rendered itself
favorably known in every part of the civilized world, has made contributions to
almost every branch of science, and brought more than ever before into intimato
and friendly relations the Old and New Worlds.
• ***««*
The Boazd of Regents are confident that upon a full consideration of the case, your
honorable body will grant an adequate support for the collectionn of the Ciovern-
ment, ami also an appropriation for finishing the re{)airs of the building.
In conclusion, yoar memorialists l)eg leave to represent on l)ehalf of the B<jard of
Regents that the usual annual appropriation of $4,000 is wholly inadequate to the
cost of preparing, preserving, and exhibiting the Rpe<'inien8, the actual ex{)enditure
for that purpose in 1867 having been over $12,0(X); and they take the Iil>erty of
respectfolly OTging on your honorable Ixxly the expediency of incrt^asing it to
$10,000, and that a further sum of $25,000 be appropriated at this sei^Hion of Congress
toward the completion of the hall requireil for the Government collectionn.
And your memorialists will ever pray, etc.
S. P. ClIAHE,
Chancellor Smithsfmian Inst iltU ion.
Joseph IIexrv,
Sen'etary Smithsonian InniitHtiun.
In his report for the same and the succeeding year. Secretary
Henry explained that the only exhibition rooms to whicb the general
public had had admission since the fire were the large hall on the first
floor of the main building and the adjoining apartment in the south
tower. This large hall, containing rich collections in ornithology and
ethnology, presented to the eye a sucjcession of large pi Mars, which
obstructed the view of the cases. In fitting up the room of corre-
sponding dimensions in the second story, an opportunity would be
afforded of adopting arrangements far letter suited foi* a comprehen-
sive display of the vast number of objects with which in time it would
l>e furnished, as it was intended that the ceiling of this hall should be
attached to the long iron ginlers which span the space from wall to
wall, thus obviating the necessity for intrcKlucing cohanns. In addi-
tion to the above the west connecting range was provided in ls08 with
cases for ethnological specimens and op<Mied to the pu}).ic in 1809.
The west wing was at this time temporarily appropriated to the alco-
holic specimens and miscellaneous purposes.
During each of the years 1870 and 1871, Congress appropriated
$10,(XK) for the fitting up of the large second-story room and other
work of reconstruction. Those sums, together with about Jt9,0(K) from
220 REPORT OF NATIONAL MCSEUM, 1903.
- ■' * . "
the inrome of the Smithsonian fund, $29,000 in all, were expended for
that purpose in the latter year.
A readjustment of quarters in the Smithsonian building was
announced by Secretary Henr^^ in his report for 1871, as follows:
Arrangements have been niaile for appropriating the east wing and range to the
business which may be eonsi(lere<l as belonging exclusively to the essential ol)jeft«
of the Institution, and devoting the main building, west wing, and towers to the
Museum. For this purpose the large room on the first floor of the east wing, which
was formerly used as a museum laboratory and storeroom, has been fitted ui> with
bins and conveniences for assorting and packing the literary and scientific exchanges
to be sent to foreign countries. Preparation has also been made for removing the
chemical laboratory from the first floor of the east range to the space immediately
below it in the basement, and for applying the whole of the first floor of this part
of the building to the business offices of the Secretary and his assistants in the line
of what are called the "ac^tive operations.**
For the special accommodation of the Museum the large room in the west wing,
formerly occupied by the library, has been prepared for the rewption of cases for
mineralogical and geological specimens, while the great hall, 200 feet by 50, in the
second story of the main building, has been completed and is now ready to receive
the cuses for the anthropological and other sijccimens.
Estimates are now })efore Congress for fitting up these rooms with cases for the
reception and display of the Government collections, and it is hoped that in the
next report we shall be able to chronicle the commencement, if not the completion,
of the work.
The changes consequent upon the extension of the Museum mentioned made a
rearrangement necessary of the greater part of the basement, so as to obtain addi-
tional security against fire and greiiter convenience for the storage of fuel, packing
boxes, and specimens. A floor was laid through the basement, and new passage-
ways opened, furniHhing better access from one extreme of the building to the other.
In introducing the fireproof floor into the west wing, advantage was taken of the
opportunity to increase the height of the room below it, and to co.*^ert it and the
adjoining rooms in the west range into laboratories and storerooms for natural
history.
Furthermore, for better security, the fireproofing of the fioors of the four towers
on the corners of the main building has been commenced. The rooms in the towers
furnish studies and dormitories for the investigators in the line of natural history
who resort to the Institution, esi)eciany during the winter, to enjoy the use of the
library and the collections for spetnal researches.
» * » » * * »
For defraying the expenses of the care and exhibition of the National Museum,
Congress has annually, for tiie last two years, appropriated $10,000. Although this
apj^ropriation was more than double that of previous years, still it fell short of the
actual expenditure. The amount of items chargeable to the Museum during the past
year, independent of the rent which might have l)eeu charged for the rooms occu-
pied, or for repairs of the buiMing, was a little more than $13,000. Deducting from
this sum the $10,000 appropriated V>y C-ongress, there remains $3,000, which was paid
from the income of the Smithson fund.
A statement of this detici(^ncy has Unm presente<l to Congress, and we trust that
the sum of $15,000 will 1k^ appropriated for the same purpose for the ensuing fiscal
year.
By the completion of the large room in the second story and the appropriatiou of
the west wing and connecting nmge to the same purpose, the space allotted to the
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 221
Miiseuiii in the Smithfion building hafl been increafie<l to about threefold. It is pro-
|w»j»e<l, as wa*» ntated in the last report, to devote the room in the west wing to spevi-
inens of geology and mineralogy, and the large n^)m in the second story to 8i)et'inienfl-
of arehieology and paleontology. As preparatory to the fitting uj* of these rooms,
a series of designs has been pre|)ared at the exjiensti of the Institution t>y B. Water-
house Hawkins, the well-known restorer of the anrient animals which illustrate the
paleontology of the Sydenham I^dace, near London.
ALTERATION8 AND REPAIRS SUBSEQUENT TO 1877.
On December 10, 1877, the President of the United States trans-
mitted ^ to Cbngress the report of a commission, consistinjr of Lieut.
Col. Thomas L. Casey, U. S. Army, the Supervising Architect of the
Treasury, and the Architect of the Capitol, appointed by him on
September 27, 1877, to examine the several public buildings in this
city and determine the nature and extent of their security against
conflagrations and the measures to be taken to guard the }>uildings
and their contents from destruction or damagi^ by Kre. This com-
mission recommended in respect to the Smithsonian building that —
All the oombustible materials used in the construction of the niiiscuni portion of
the building shonld be removetl and the parts renewed of tirei>roof construction,
and the openings connei^ting witli other parts of the buihiin^ should 1k^ supplie<l
with fireproof doors.
On the same date the Secretarv of the Interior subiiiittod to C<n\-
gress an estimate ''to provide additional security against tire in the
Smithsonian building for the Government collections, §:{,0OO/'and on
March 27, 1878, Secretary Henry wrote as follows to Senator A. A.
Sargent:
I have the honor to inform you that shortly after the fire at the Patent ( >flicc the
Smithsonian building was vi8ite<l by the (Government committee of insiH'ctiou and
suggestions made by them as to the tireprcM>fing of the pr)rtion of the edifice devoti'd
to the collections of the National Museum. These sngj^estions were at once acte«i
ui>on, at an expense of $2,S03.29, as per detailcMl memorandum herewith, and I
write to beg that you will kindly connitler the propriety of havinj^ an item intro-
duced into the deficiency bill whereby the Smithson fund may be reimbursed for this
outlay.
The action taken was described as follows:
Attention having been Hi>ecially called to the condition of the pul)lic Iniildinp? in
this city on acit>unt of the <le8truction by tire of part «>f the Patent Utlice, it was
deemed advisable to give additional security to the valuable c<>llei-tions <leposite<l iu
the Smithsonian ediliw. The main buihlin^, which contains the National Museum,
iH entirely fireproof, but the c<mne<'tinjr ranjjen and tlu^ two winjrs are not so. It
waH therefore highly desirable that the main building should 1h» I'ntirely isolated
from the ranges and wingH. For this puriM>se the larj^e windows fa<'in>r the winjis
were brickwl up and all the doorways leading from the museum into tin* ranges
either bricke<l up or fitte<l with iron instead <»f w<MMlen donrs. The <'arj»enter's and
machinist's shoi)8 were remove<l to the main basement and inclosiMl in l»ri<'k walls.
The storage roc^ms were made tin»pr«M>f by replacing wooden partitions an<l tliM»rs
by those of brick. In the high ivntral tower brick [mrtitions have been constructinl
on the stairways, to prevent tlu? |)assage of tirt^ from one story to ant)ther.
222 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Secretary Baird also refers to this subject as follows in his report
for 1880:
The Smithsonian boilding was one of those carefally examined by the commis-
sion, and it was recommended that iron doors should be placed in the passageways
between certain rooms. An appropriation of $3,000 was subseqaently a
Congress for this purpose; and a contract for its execation. was accordinglj
into with Mr. Greoige L. Damon, of Boston. After considerable delay in the per-
formance of this contract, the doors were delivered and put in place by Mr. Damon,
to the entire satisfaction of the executive committee. This arrangement has greatly
promoted the safety of the building and its contents from the risk of the spreading of
any fires which might accidentally occur within its walls. A few additional changes
are still desirable to give still further security to the public property placed in the
charge of the Institution.
In his report for 1879 Secretary Baird writes that during the year
other alterations had been made in order to increase the eflBciency of
the building and reduce the expense of superintendence and mainte-
nance. The document room had been enlarged and refitted. The east-
ern wing, formerly used by Secretary Henry as a residence, had been
converted into a series of oflSces. Eleven large fireproof doors had
l>een placed in the building to isolate the different wings and floors.
The laboratory had been rearranged and many other improvements
made, and it was believed that the building was then in a condition of
thorough eflSciency and adaptation to its scientific purposes.
In each succeeding report mention is made of necessary repairs and
alterations of greater or less extent, at the cost of the Smithsonian
fund, but the annual expenditure for these purposes was generally
small. Secretary Baird reported in 1881 that —
At no distant time some expensive work of renovation will be required upon the
ceiling of the great hall in the second story of the main building, as in some places
the plaster appears in danger of falling off and injuring the cases and specimens on
exhibition below.
In 1882 somewhat extensive changes were made at the west end of
the building. The basement under the west wing, which had pre-
viously been occupied indiscriminately for the preservation and elabo-
ration of the collection of birds and fishes, was subdivided, and each
subject confined strictly to its own section.
The western corridor was also at this time fitted up as an exhibition
hall for fishes.
At the meeting of the Board of Regents held January 18, 1882,
Secretarv Baird called attention to the combustible and insecure con-
dition of the eastern portion of the Smithsonian building, and pre-
sented plans, prepared at his request by the architects, Messrs. Class
& Schulze, which, without materially changing the architecture of
the building, would provide largely increased accommodations for
« Sundry civil act for 1880.
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 223
oflSccs and workrooms, the storage of publications, the exchange
system, etc.
The Board unanimously adopted a resolution, instructing the Secre-
tary and executive committee to present the subject to Congress and
request an appropriation for the purpose. The Secretary, in accord-
ance with this instruction, sent the following letter on the 13th of
March to the Speaker of the House of Representatives:
Hon. J. W. Kbifer,
Speaker of the House of RepresenUUives,
Sir: By instruction of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, I have
the honor to transmit to Congress the following resolution, adopted at the last meet-
ing of the Board, January IS, 1SS2, and, in doing so, beg that it be referred to the
appropriate committee of the House of Representatives and receive that attention
which the uiigency of the case requires:
*^ Resolved f That the Secretary and executive committee present a memorial to
Congress showing the importance and necessity of rendering the east wing of the
Smithsonian building fireproof, requesting an appropriation therefor, and, if the
means are furnished, to proceed with the work/'
It will be remembered that in January, 1865, a fire occurred in the Smithsonian
building, which destroyed a large portion of the main edifice, with its adjacent
towers, and a very large amount of valuable public and private i)roperty.
The main building was restored with fireproof materials, but the east wing, composed
entirely of wood and plaster, and which had e8cai)e<l injury, remains in its previous
dangerous condition. Originally a lecture room, it was fitted up many years ago
with apartments for the residence of the late Secretary and his family. This applica-
tion of the wing, however, was discontinued after Professor Henry's death; but the
rooms thus set apart are entirely unsuited to the operations of the establishment,
and, while in every way objectionable, the timbers have decayed and no arrange-
ments are provided for proper lighting, heating, and ventilation.
The main building and western extension are f)ccupied by the collections of the
CJovemment; the east wing embraces the offices of the Secretary, chief clerk, corre-
sponding clerk, and registrar, and also accommodations for the extensive o])e rations
of the department of international exchanges, the l)enefiti^ of which accrue not only
principally to the Library of Congress, but to all the public libraries and scientific
societies throughout the United States. The rooms are filled with the archives, files
of cr)rrespondence, original scientific manustTipts, vouchers, the stock of Government
and Smithsonian publications for distribution at home and abroad, etc., and their
destruction by fire, to which they are constantly exiK)8ed, would l)e greatly detri-
mental to the interests of the Government and the general public.
In addition to this, an extensive fire in the east wing would endanger and possibly
destroy the main portion of the Smiths<^>nian building, the upper and lower halls of
which contain rare specimens belonging to the Government, and most of which
could not be replaced.
Congress has recognized the importance and propriety of gradually reconstructing
the interior of the Smithsonian building, in fireproof materials, by making appro-
priations for the purpose at various times between 1870 and 1875; and the last Con-
gress, in 1879, appropriated $3,000 *'for providing additional security against fire in
the Smithsonian building."
It is now proposed to remodel the interior of the east wing, so that without dis-
turbing its present architectural style, the internal capacity will be doubled by a new
arrangement of floors, partitions, and roofs, and all the rooms Ik^ adapted to the effi-
224 RKPORT OK NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
cient prcwecution of the work of the luntitution and the variouH iutereHtn intruble<l
to its management by Congrt»8H.
In<*loeed 1 beg to send a copy of the rei)ort of the lH»ard of fin* inHpectors (ap{N)int<'<l
by the Dintriet Commiwioners ) ajx^n the condition of the 8mith8<mian building. 1
have the honor to ask, in the name and on l[)ehalf <.»f the Board of Kegent^ that the
following appn)priation hv made at the present nesHion of Congre»<, viz, ** Fur con-
tinuing and completing the firepnmfing of the Smithsonian Institution, $50,000."
I am, very respectfully, your obeilient servant,
Si»ENCKR F. Baird, Serninry.
[Extract.]
Washington, D. C, .yfarrh l.i, lf<i<*.
The Commissioners of the District of Colimbia.
Gentlemen: The commission to inspect buildings in the District l>eg leave t^» sul>-
mit herewith reiM)rt No. 5.
By invitation of Professor Baird, the ea**t wing and connecting corridor t4» the main
building of the Smithsonian Institution was visited and inspected. In this i>ortion
of the building are all the records and valuable documents belonging to the Institu-
tion. The interior is entirely of wood and illy arninge<i, making it especially unsafe
and liable to accident from fire, thus endangering the entire building. As a matter
of safety, this wing and <*orrider should 1h^ completely cleared out and n.»built of tin^
proof material and furnisheii with improved modes of comumnitSrtion and i^ress.
Official extract furnished Prof. S. F. Baird.
William Tindall,
Secrt'tari/ Onmnimoners Dii<trict of Columbia.
The above nieinorial received favonihlc* ("onsidemtion bv the Fortv-
seventh Congress, resulting in the passage of the following it^m in the
sundry civil act for 1884:
For completing the reconstniction, in a firei)r<x)f manner, of the interior of the
eastern portion of the Smithsonian Institution, ^50,(KH). (Stat. XXII, 628.)
The preparation of plans, the details of construction, etc., were
placed in charge of Messrs. Cluss & Schulze, architects. Proposals
were asked and the bids opened on April 2ft, 1883. The removal of
the contents of the east wing and corridor was soon effected, the offices
of clerks and others were transferred to the large adjacent exhibition
hall, and accommodations for storage were provided by the erection of
a temporary shed on the south side of the Smithsonian building.
In 1883 Secretary Baird reported that—
The ai)propriation was found sutlit'ient to secure the fireprooting of the building,
but a numl)er of other desirable ol)jects remain to he sei'ured, such as a heating
apparatus, a passenger elevat/)r, a freight lift; the intrcHluction of speakmg tubes,
electric hells, telephones, a concrete floor in the basement, an underground comnmni-
cation Iwtween the Smithsonian and the new Museum buildings, et<.\, for which an
arhlitional appropriation of $»15,0(K) has l)een asked.
Two subsequent appropriations were granted by Congress with
reference to these changes, as follows:
For iinishing, heating, gas fitting, plund>ing, and completely furnishing the eastern
portion of the Smithsonian Institution, and for finishing the fourth and fifth stories,
including liabilities already incurrtHl, $15, (KK). (Sundry civil act for 1885.)
Ripofl si U. S. N
West Ranqe, Smithsonian Institution Building, Exhibition of Insects.
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 225
r tinishiiif; and completing the furnishing of the eastern ]>ortion of the Sniithno-
Inntitution huilcling, $5,60(). (Sundry civil act for 1886. )
i his report for 1884 Secretary Baird announced the expenditure
he appropriation of $15,000 in fitting up the two upper stories of
building, which had been necessarily left unfinished for lack of
Is. This included the introduction of iron furring and iron lathing
the ceilings immediately under the roof, and the fitting up of many
iie rooms for their special requirements. The rooms in the recon-
cted portion were then all occupied for the general purposes of
Institution, notably the departments of administration, of interna-
al and miscellaneous exchanges, of the reference library, of trans-
iition, and of publication, the chemical laboratory, etc^
1 transferring the offices back to the east end considerable changes
e made in the lower hall of the main building, including the
oval of all exhibition cases in the galleries, which have since been
1 exclusively for laboratory and storage purposes by several
iitments of zoology. Telephones, speaking tubes, an accurate
}. service, and other minor conveniences were also introduced at the
ern end.
he repoil of the Secretary for 1885 notes the completion of the
rations in the east wing and corridor in a thoroughly fireproof
iner, with twice the original number of available ofticc rooms, and
1 every facility for doing the work mentioned in tlie best possible
mer. It also calls attention to the unsightly and dilapidated con-
on of the remainder of the building, used by the Museum, which
soon require extensive repairs.
f\ accordance with estimates submitted, the sundry civil act for
S provided ''for urgent and necessary repairs to c(Mitnil and west-
portions of the Smithsonian Institution building, $15,000/' In a
er to the chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations,
3d December 11, 1886, and in his annual report for 18S7, Secretary
rd explained the reasons for the proposed changes, stating that
floors, ceilings, and roof of the w^est corridor were the same as in
original construction and not fireproof, being in fact very com-
tible. Nearly all of the large alcoholic collections of the National
scum and the Fish Commission were in or adjacent to this part of
building, so that should a fire break out it would result not only in
oiii^ damage to the building, but also in the entire d<vstruction of
3nsive and valuable portions of the national collections. He also
ed attention to the fact that, though the Smithsonian building was
structed at the expense of the Smithsonian fund, it had since 1858
n almost wholly given over to the purposes of the National
seum.
NAT Ml'M V.HYA 15
226 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
The fireproofing was intrusted to Messrs. Class & Scrhulze, archi-
tects, from whose report the following account of the work is taken.
The reconstruction extended over the curtain between the main building and the
west wing, a building of 60 feet in length and 54 feet in width, with an adjoining
turret containing stairs. It contains a basement where alcoholic specimens are
kept.
The main story is mostly occupied by an exhibition hall, extending uj) int<i the
roof, with a clerestory. Along the north front was originally an open cloister,
which had l)een for many years temporarily fitted up by framework for officer.
Permanent provision was ma<le for these purposes, and a mezzanine story formed
by the insertion of a fireproof upper floor.
Besides the old, rotten, combustible floors and roofs, a complicate<i system of
decorative hollow columns and vaults, framed of wooden scantlings, lx)ards, and
lathe<l plastering, ha<l to be carefully removed, so as not to injure the out«ide walls,
consisting of a thin cut-stone facing, backed by oniinary rubblework.
In the reconstruction the Romanesque general character of the building was pre-
served with the greatest si mi)licity compatible with the surroundings, and also made
a necessity by the limited appropriation in conjunction with the increased cost of
decorations in the fireproof materials.
The fact that the west wing and the central part of the Smithsonian
building had never been made entirely fireproof was communicated to
the Regents by Secretary Langley in his report for 1888, in whicli
attention was also called to the proximity of much inflammable mate-
rial. He likewise explained that for certain reasons the fireproofini^
of the west wing was the more urgent. References to this subject were
again made in the Secretary's reports for 1889 and 1890, and the
importance was urged of gaining additional light in the center of the
main building l)y the construction of a skylight in the roof and a well-
hole through the second Hoor.
As these partes of the building were used for the National Museum,
an appropriation for the proposed changes was asked of Congress,
beginning in May, 1888, Senator Morrill, a Regent of the Institution,
pressing the matter with his customary energy. The first bills, relat-
ing mainly to the W(»st wing, were passed by the Senate twice during
the Fiftieth Congress (ending March 4, 1889), but failed of action in
the House.
The question was again brought up in the Fifty-iirst Congress (1889-
1801), originating in the Senate, and was discussed in several forms.
The most comprehensive measure and the one carrying the largest
appropriation was Senate bill No. 2033, reported on January 27, 1890,
by Senator Morrill, its wording was as follows:
That, for the j)urp()ne of fireproofing the roof of the main hall, and that of the
so-called chaiwl in the went winj< of the Smithsonian building, and to put in a sky-
liglit and a wellhole to admit light into tlie central jjortion of the lower hall of said
])uilding, an«l also to rcj)hice some woodwork of the t^^wers, and other repairs, said
wc>rk to IkmIohc lunh'r the directicui of the Architect of the Capitol with the appn>val
of tlie KegentH of the Smithsonian Institution, the sum of $45,000 shall be, and
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 227
hereby is, appropriated out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appro-
priated.
On March 6, 1890, Secretary Langley addressed a letter to the
chairman of the House Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds,
on the subject of the above bill, in which he says that the $45,000 is
asked to complete the fireproofing and repair of a part of the build-
ing which for a long period has been almost entirely given over to
Government purposes rent free. Following are quotations from the
same letter:
The portions of the building which are not fireproof are —
The roof of the so-called "cliapel" in the west wing, which contains collections
whose mere money value is estimated at over $250,000, but whose value to science is
inestimable. This is also the only portion of the building which is suitable to devote
to donations of art objects, which may be expecte<l when the Government provides
a safe depository for them.
The ceiling and part of the roof of the main exhibition hall, now occupieil by prob-
ably the most extensive and valuable archaeological collection in the United States,
is of combustible material and in urgent need of re])airs, the ceiling threatening to
fall, in part, and crush the cases and their valuable contents and possibly endanger
the safety of \i8itors and employees. Both roof« are leaking, and these changes
involve the replastering and repainting of the walls.
The floor of the main hall, 200 by 50 feet, is worn out and needs renewal, and all
this implies special temporary provision for the collection.
The lower hall is now very tlark, and in replai'ing the roof and ceiling of the
upper story it is desirable that a large skylight and well hole be inserted, which
would greatly add to the comfort of visitors by increasing the light and providing
I letter ventilation.
The rooms occupied by the Bureau of International Exchanges are in less need of
repair, but some portion of the amount asked is intended to l>e devoted to the
extreme east wing, occupied by thene offices.
In addition to what has been mentioned, there are woo<ien floors and other wo(k1-
work in the towers which are a source of danger, and it is to ])e observed that, owing
to the crowde<l condition of the Museum, it has l)een nect^ssary to erect a paint shop
filled with txjmbustible material immediately against the south wall of the building
and close to the roof, whose dangerous condition has just been descrilnHi. The
present state of things is one of continual menace.
The bill as finally enacted into law, as an itinu in the sundry civil
act for 1891, was as follows:
For fireproofing the so-called chapel of the west wing of the Smithsonian build-
ing, and for repairing the rfH)f of the main building and the ceiling and plastering of
the main hall of the building, $25,000, said work to be done under the 8ui)ervision
of the Architect of the Capitol, with the ai)proval of the Regents of the Smithsonian
Institution, and no portion of the appropriation to be used for skylights in the roof
nor for wellhole in the floor of the main building. $25,000. (Stat. XXVI, 383. )
In his report for 1891 Secretary Langley announces gmtifying
progress in the changes and repairs up to June. 80, 181U, consisting in
the entire replacement of the roof of the west wing with a substantial
construction of iron and slate and the repairing of the roof and of
228 RElfORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
the ceiling and plastering of the upper hall of the main building. By
the cloae of the fiscal year 1892 this work was piuctically completed,
though with the expenditure of only a part of the appropriation, and
in his report for that year Secretary Langley states:
I would especially urge that the balance of this appropriation, unexpended by
reason of a limiting clause introduced in the act, on account of which the money is
not available for certain repairs originally contemplateil, should be now made avail-
able by Congress for increasing the storage room in the east wing of the building,
and at the same time that certain rooms be fitted for the si)ecial needs of the (tov-
emment Excliange Bureau, now occupying rooms in the main building urgently
needed for other purposes.
This request was granted by Congress in the sundry civil act for
1894, as follows:
For completing the repairs upon the Smithsonian building, and for such oth«^r
work as is nee<le<l tf) protec^t the building from further deterioration and to plact* it
in proi>er sanitary t^ndition, any unexpended balance remaining to the credit of the
appropriation for fin»proofing, etc., shall be available for the purposes above stateil;
this work to l>e done under the direction of the Architec^t of the Capitol and in acconi-
ance with the approval of the, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. (Stat.
XXVII, 582.)
The use made of the unexpended balance above referred to is thus
described in the report of the Secretary for 1893:
A restrictive clause contained in the appropriation of August 30, 1890, for repairn
to the Smithsonian building was remove<i by a clause in the sundry civil act for the
year ending June 30, 18^)4, so that a portion of the amount unexpended bei^me avail-
able for making nect«sary repairs to the roof of the eastern wing and improving the
sanitary condition of the building, as well as for increasing the space available for
storing documents and handling the Government exchanges. The plumbing in the
eastern part of the building has been thoroughly overhauled and a suite of dark and
damp rooms in the basement, on the south side, has been transformed into well-
lighte^l and comfortable offices, thus freeing several rooms upon the first floor, nee<led
for other purpose's, and making it possible to handle more expeditiously the great
number of bcM)k8 passing through the exchange office, though even with these new
rooms additional storeroom for the Government exchanges will be called for at no
distant day.
Other small changes at the east end of the building, made mainly
at the expense of the Smithsonian fund, are described as follows in the
reports for 1894 and 1895:
The narrow windows and the small diamond panes of glass admit so little light
that in winter days some of the rooms where clerical work is carried on need to be
artificially lightt^d, and in all ciises the occupants lose the advantage of what ought
to be abun<lant light, considering their ojH»n surroundings in the middle of a park.
1 think it well to statt^ that while I shouki have made many more changes in the
intt»rest of the comfort and health of the clerical occupants of the building if I had
had the m(^auK to <lo so, I have never felt at lilH»rty to alter the external appearance
of the building when alteration could jMmsibly InMivoidiKl, and I have therefore never
authoriz(Kl the enlargement of any of the a|>ertureH in the stone work or made any
changes of this kind which <'ould W. understood as modifying the structural features
(except in improving the sanitary conditions of the basement), and when any change
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 229
is* mentioned here it will alwayn bc'iinderHto<xl that it is esBentially the work of the
carpenter in pmviding for lar^r inflide frames and larj^r lights in the tfashcti and in
like altcrutionH.
Thufi, ui the east wing of the building, in the fourth etory, a room for iX)ntaimng
the archives of the Institution has been provided, which is well lighted by one of
the few large windows the building possesses and which has been fitted for more
convenient reference to the records of the Institution. Tbe second floor has IxHtn
made brighter by repainting and by some additional floor lights in the third floor,
and the windows in the room especially set apart for the safe-keeping of the engrav-
ings and books of art belonging to the Institution have l)een thus enlai^ged, while
some of the rooms on the second floor have been improved by slight alterations in
the window frames. On the first floor additional quarters were pnnided for the
library in the rooms which were vacated by the transfer of the exchange deiuirtment
to the lower floor.
In oontinning much-needed improvements in the east wing of the Smithsonian
building, especially with a view to l)etter light and ventilation, the lighting of the
rooms on the first floor occupied by the library has been greatly improved by
enlaiging the window frames and replacing the small diamond panes by single
sheets of glass. Similar changes have l)een made in the Secretary's ofhce, on the
second floor, as well as in some of the rooms on the thinl ami fourth floors. Several
rooms on the fourth floor, heretofore of no use except for storage, have been made
habitable and have proved useful for various iieeiUd puriiosi^s.
The sanitary condition of the building has been impruveil by the removal of cer-
tain objectionable features and by the installation of a comprehensive nystem of ven-
tilation by which pure air at an equable tem|H^rature in assureil in most of the oflice
rooms. Work upon this was well advanced at the dose of the year.
Another great improvement added during the year is the introduction of electric
lights in all the offices of the east wing, the electric {>ower 1x;ing suppliiMl by a spe-
cial plant, which, with the ventilating apjiaratiw, hnn bei'u pla(;e<l in the 1>asi>inent
of the sooth tower, where considerable changes wen^ niaile for their accomnuMlation.
Since the above diites the only altemtions which need he mentioned
in this connection have been the replacement of the wooden floor in
the lower main exhibition hall with a terrazzo pavement, tlie fitting
up of the children's room on the main floor of the south tower, the
improvement of the conditions on all the other flooi-s of the same
tower, and the construction of a tunnel t>otween the 8n)ithsonian and
Musemn buildings, which, while intended primarily for the heating
pipes, electric wires,* etc., has been made sufficiently large to serve as
a general passageway.
On the other hand, it is to be noted, with regret, that the upper
main exhibition hall, devoted to prehistoric aichieology^ had to be
closed in 1902 because of the loosening and fall of ])last<»r over a large
part of the ceiling* and walls. The room was at once r(»cogniz(»d to
be unsafe for the admission of the pul>li(% and its appearance wivn
extremely unsightly. Provisional reimirs, to the extent possible from
the regular appropriation, have recently been completed, and the hall
will soon again be made serviceable, but a considenible expenditure
would be required to place it in thoroughly good condition.
230 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
SMITHSONIAN BUILDING.
DESCRIPTION.
Exterior, — ^The building erected for the Smithsonian Institution, in
accordance with the design prepared by Mr. James Renwick, jr.,
architect, of New York City, is in the later Norman or, as it may with
more strict propriety be called, the Lombard style, as it prevailed in
Geimany, Normandy, and southern Europe in the last half of the
twelfth century; the latest variety of the rounded style, as it is found
immediately anterior to the merging of that manner in the early
Gothic. In the general design and most of the details the architect
adhered to the period to which this st^^le is referable. The general
feeling, however, which permeates the design, especially in the upper
towers, is that of a somewhat later era, when all lingering reminis-
cences of the post and lintel manner had been discarded and the ruling
principles of arch architecture were recognized and carried out. Tlie
semicircular arch stilted is employed throughout in doors, windows,
and other openings. The windows are without elaborately traceried
heads. The buttresses are not a prominent feature and have no sur-
mounting pinnacles. The weather moldings consist of corbel courses,
with bold projection. The towers are of various shapes and size.s.
The main entrance on the north, sheltered by a carriage porch, is
between two towers of unequal height.
In his description of the plan in Hints on Public Architecture,
Doctor Owen states:
I am not acquainted with any actual example yet remaining from what has been
variously called the Lombard, the Norman, the Romanesque, and the Byzantine
school, with which the Smithsonian building will not favorably compare. In so far
as the architect has permitted himself to innovate upon ancient precedents from the
style in which he designed, he has done so, in my judgment, with discretion and
advantage. * * * I esteem myself fortunate in being able in this book to refer
to an actual example, at our seat of government, the architect of which seems to me
t-o have struck into the right roml, to have made a step in advance, and to have
given us in his design not a little of what may l)e fitting and appropriate in any
manner (should the giniius of our country hereafter work such out) that shall
deserve to be name* I as a national style of architecture for America.
The design as originally curried out consisted of a main centnil
building, two stories high, and of two lateral wings of a single story,
connected with the main building by intervening ranges, each of the
latter having a cloister, with open stone screen, on the north front.
The only important changes since made have been the reconstruction
of the east wing and range, which are now four and three stories
high, respectively, the closing in with stone of the western cloister
so as to adapt it to laboratory purposes, and the completion of the
fireproofing of the building.
NATIONAL MUSEITM BUILDINGS. 281
The extreme length of the building from east to west is 447 feet.
The main structure is 205 feet long by 57 feet wide and 58 feet high
to the top of its corbel course, though, including the main north and
south towers and the carriage porch, it attains at the center an extreme
width of 160 feet. The east wing is 82 by 52 feet, the west wing,
including its projecting apse, 84 by 40 feet and 38 feet high, while
each of the connecting ranges is 60 by 49 feet.
The main building has in the center of its north front two towers,
of which the higher reaches an elevation of 145 feet. In the middle
of the south front is a single massive tower 37 feet square, including
buttresses, and 91 feet high. At its northeast corner stands a double
campanile, 17 feet square and 117 feet high to the top of its iinial, at
its southwest corner is an octagonal tower finished with open work
above, and at its southeast and northwest corners are two smaller*
towers. There is also a small tower at the northwest corner of the
west wing.
The location of the building is the center of the original Smith-
sonian reservation, or the southern and higher part of the so-called
Smithsonian Park, al>out 20 feet al)ove the average level of Pennsyl-
vania avenue. The material of which the l)uilding is constructed is a
fine grade of freestone, of the lilac-gray variety, obtained from quar-
ries in the new red sandstone near the mouth of Seneca Creek, a trib-
utary- of the Potomac River, about 23 miles above Washington. The
fa(^es of the building are finished in ashlar, laid in courses from lo to
15 in(*hes high.
At the present time it would not be considered appropriate to design
a building of this character for museum purposes, because, while most
of the exhibition halls are more or less adapted to their reiiuinMueiits,
there is too much waste space, too many dark places, wholly ina(l(»-
quate accommodations for storage, and few rooms suitabh*- for labora-
tories, the latter also being mainly inconvenient of access. The
windows were glazed in the beginning with small square pieces of
glass, set diamond shape in wooden frames, quite in keeping with the
style of archite<5ture, though admitting less light than larger panes.
This manner of glazing has been retuined, except at the (^astern end,
where, at the time of reconstruction, single lights w(»r<» mainly
substituted.
The building was originally constructed in what seemed to he a
thoroughly substantial manner, but these qualities wen* mainly con-
fined to the outer walls and the floors. Subsecjuent reconstructions
have greatly tended to increase its stability, and the building through-
out is now practically fireproof. This has resulted from tlu» introduc-
tion of fireproof construction and of iron doors, })y means of which
any part of the building can readily be cut off from the remainder.
282 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
The foundations arc very substantial and the walls of the building
very thick, as would be necessary in a structure, of this kind. The
roofs, except on the connecting ranges, are slated.
Tnterior. — As first planned, the Museum was to occupy only the large
upper main hall in the Smithsonian building, the room now and for
many 3'ears past used for the exhibition collections of prehistoric
arehffiology. The corresponding hall on the main floor was to l>e
divided equally' betw^een the library and a large lecture room, while
the west hall and connecting range were specially constructed for the
gallery of art. The east hall and range, one story in height, contained
the smaller lecture room, laboratories, and rooms for apparatus.
During the progress of the work of building and fitting up, how-
ever, all of these proposed arrangements were changed, either perma-
nently or temporarih", the assignments of space at the time of the fire
of 1865 having been as follows: The east wing* was separated into two
stories, the upper of which was divided into a suite of rooms for the
accommodation of the Secretary and his family. The lower story con-
sisted principally of a single large room, appropriated to the storage
of publications and their reception and distribution in connection with
the system of exchanges. The upper story of the eastern connecting
range contained a number of small apartments devoted to the opera-
tions in natural histor3% and the lower storj' was fitted up as a work-
ing laboratory.
The upper story of the main building was divided into a lecture
room, cajmble of holding 2,000 persons, and two additional rooms,
at the ends, 50 feet square, one of which contained a museum of appa-
I'atus and the other a gallery of art. Ik)th were occasionally used as
minor lecture rooms and for the meetings of scientific, educational,
and industrial associations. In 186S, after the rebuilding made neces-
sary by the tire, this entire* story was assigned to the Museum by a
resolution of the Board of Regents. The lower story of the main
building, consisting of one large hall, was unoccupied at firat, but as
the moans for furnishing were provided it was utilized for the exhi-
bition of natural history and other collections, the specimens from the
Patent Office having been mainly transferred to these quarters in 1858.
The west wing was occupied by the library until its transfer to the
Library of Congress in 18f)(>, while the west range was used as a read-
ing room. The tower rooms were utilized for various purposes, one
large room in the south tower being assigned to the meetings of the
Estiiblishment and the Board of Regents, and three rooms in the north
tower to the oflices of the Secretarv.
Since the fire of 1865 there have l)een even greater changes, as
detailed in the foregoing historical account. By 1871 the adminis-
trative oftices had become practically segregated in the e«st wing and
range, commonly designated together as the '^east end," which was
NATIONAL MUSEUll — BinLDINGS. 233
fircproofed and considerably enlarged at the time of its rebuilding in
18.S4. In 1871 nearly all the remainder of the building was given
over to the purposes of the National Museuin.
At the east end are now the offices of the Secretary and of the
{mrent institution, as well as those for the geneml administration
of the Government branches under the direction of the Institution,
the offices of the exchange service and of the international catalogue
of scientific literature, and rooms for that part of the Smithsonian
library which is retained at the Institution. In this part of the build-
ing are also several rooms used conjointly with the Museum^ such as
the disbursing office, the quarters of the registrar and the shipping
clerk, and apartments for the storage and distribution of documents.
Immediately inside the principal or northern entrance of the main
building is an octagonal vestibule between 17 and 18 feet across, at
each side of which is a small room about 15 feet square occupied by
the watch force and as an office of su|>erintendence. Next follows
a long and high hail containing two iron stairways leading to the
upper stories. The main lo>ver hall, which measures about 2(H) feet
long by 50 feet wide and 23 feet 8 inches high, might be expected to
present exceptional advantages for the exhibition of collections, yet it
lias several very marked defects. The large windows (14 feet 10
inches high by 4 feet 5 inches wide), reaching from about 4 feet 5
inches above the floor to within the same distance of the paneled ceil-
ing, afford abundant light at the ends, but in the center of the room
on both the noilh and south sides there is a long blank wall necessi-
tating artificial lighting over a considenible space. Furtheriiion^ the
ceiling of the room is supported by two rows of very heavy orna-
mental columns (3 feet 3 inches wide, 8 feet 1) inches apart, and about
14 feet distant from the walls) which unite in a series of arches alK)ve.
Between these colimms and the outer walls, at a height of 8 feet from
the floor, are four galleries, 15 feet wide, which extend from the ends
of the hall to the central dark area, and both these columns and gal-
leries are further means of darkening the middle aisle of the room.
Except at the sides of the entmnces, where they are arranged in a
large quadrangle illuminated ])v incandescent elcM'tric lamps, the cases
forming the main series in this hall ext(»nd from pillar to wall and
from the floor to the gallery so as to form successive liays or alcoves,
each lighted by a single window. In some of the alcovc^s there are
also small square eases, with groups of sp(Him(»ns, and all of the
above are used for the exhibition of birds. Extending through the
central aisle is a series of unit wises, with sloping and upright tops,
for the display and storage of mollusks.
A passageway from the middle of the hall leads to a small room,
al>out 25 by 23 feet, forming the main floor of the south tower, the
exterior entrance to which has been closed. This room has been
234 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903,
transformed into the so-called childronV room, with a mosaic floor,
the walls painted in several tints of green, and the ceiling covered
with an arbor and vine. Low, light-colored cases, almost wholly of
glass, contain a series of specimens, mostly animal, chosen to excite
the wonder of children, besides which there are sevenil painting.^
upon the walls and two aquaria with living fishes.
Adjoining the main hall on the west is the west range (60 b}' 37
feet), one story high, but surmounted by a clerestor3\ The side roofs
are supported by two rows of columns, similar to those in the main
hall but not so heavy, being 6 feet apart and al)out 8 feet 2 inches
from the side walls. The windows are confined to the south wall.
Upright cases form alcoves along the sides of the room, while flat-
topped table cases occupy the centml aisle. This range has recently
been given over to the exhibition of insects. It previously contained the
fishes and was originally connected with the library as a reading room.
The western hall follows and has for a number of years been devoted
to the display of marine invertebrates exclusive of the molliisks, with
extensive provisions for the storage of specimens. It has the appear-
ance of a chapel, by which name it is often designated. It is rela-
tively very high, with an arched ceiling and skylight, and termiimt«*s
at the northern end in an apse. Its dimensions, not including the
apse, are: Length, about 66 feet; width, 35 feet; greatest height, 37
feet 8 inches. There are windows well up on the south and west sides
and lower ones in the apse, but none on the east. High up on the
south wall is a handsome rose window. This room, together with the
adjoining I'ange, was planned to contain the gallery of art, but from
the time of its completion until 180C it was occupied by the libi-ary.
Now upright cases of black walnut occupy the wall space on all sides,
except in the apse, which contains a s^'noptical collection displayed
in small cases. The body of the hall has three rows of flat-topped
and high, square cases, on unit bases fitted with storage drawei-s.
The small adjoining tower is also used for the storage of marine
invertebrates.
The old cloister to the north of the west range, originally open at
the front, was inclosed with wood at an early date; but when this part
of the building was fireproofed, the woodwork Was replaced with stone.
The room thus gained is divided into two well-lighted apartments,
used as laboratori(\s foi* fishes and marine invertebrates.
The second floor, as designated on the plans, contains the galleries
of the main lower hall already described. At the head of the first
flight of stairs from the main entrance are three small rooms used a^
natural-history studies, and at a corresponding height in the south
tower is a room titted up by the Smithsonian Institution for its collec-
tion of apparatus. There is also a low second-story room over the
western cloister, used for the storage cf tishes.
J. S. Nuionil Muwum. 1M3—
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 235
Propin'ly spoakinjr, the third floor, so named on the plans, is, for the
iiniin p.irt of the huilding, only the second floor. Tt consists of a
single lart^e room of the same size as the lower main hall, boinj^ thus
al)ont 2<K) feet long by 50 feet wide and 21) feet 3 inches high. For-
merly it contained the picture gallery, a lecture hall, and a nmseum
of apparatus, but soon after the restonition succeeding the fire of
l?s05 it was turned over to the depsirtment of prehistoric arclueology,
which haa occupied it ever since. It is one of the finest halls in the
possession of the Museum, but for a long time it has be^n in Imd
condition, owing chiefly to the loosening and fall of plaster. The
extensive repairs made necessary on this account have, however,
recently been finished. As the ceiling is supjxjrted from the roof,
the hall contains no pillars, and there are no gsillei-ies, so that the
sfjaee is entirely clear; and while the windows liear the same relations
to the central space as in the lower hall, the light is more freely dis-
tributed. The luises are of several old patterns, not i)eiinitting of a
satisfactory installation, especially considering the height of the room,
which, with proper treatment, could ])e made exceedingh' effective.
In the north tower on this level an* three* small rooms used as the
la1)oratorie8 for prehistoric archaeology, and in the south tower is the
Kegent-s' i-ooiu.
The floor of the north towers and intervening space next above the
urchfeological workrooms comprises a suite of three similar roouiM,
occupied as lalximtories for conchology. Three succeeding floors in
the same towers, containing six rooms in all, an* utilized us store looms
for mollusks and other marine inverte}>nites. Above these in the
taller tower are still six stories, but their high jjositioii reiuleis them
pnictically unserviceable. The three floors which sueeecKJ the iiegcMits'
room in the south tower are all used for the stonige of pu)»li(:itions.
While the Ijasement is of good height, only the (*astern part is in
proper condition, the central and w«*stern parts reciiiiring to ))e thor-
oughly renovated, including the building of broad areas along tin*
exterior to assist in the lighting and ventilation. The heating plant
is near the center of the basement, but now serves only in a supple-
mentary capacity. In tin* north tower are the toilet rooms. To the
eastward from there the basement is mainlv usetl bv the Smitlisonian
Institution and the International P]xcliange Service; to the westward
all the available space is given over to Museum storage. There are
seven small rooms and one large room, one of the former being used
for supplies, while all the remainder are overfilled with specinn'Ms iu
the s(*veral groups of ))irds. fishes, mollusks, and marine invertelu ■at<*s.
With the exception of the birds, the sp(*cimi*ns are mainly alcoholic.
These collections are verv large and of irreat value, but thev renuire
at least twice the i)resent amount of sjiact* for their safe arrang(;ment,
and the darkness and dampness of the rooms unfit them for purposes
of study.
236 BEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
NATURAL-HISTORY WORKSHOP.
In order to provide more extensive and more suitable quarters for
the preparators and photographer of the Museum, with inunediate
reference to preparations for the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibi-
tion, a small two- story brick building was constructed in 1875 on the
Mall, a short distance west of the southwestern corner of the Smith-
sonian building. It consists of a main structure, about 30 by 27i
feet, and of two wings, each about 28 by 17 feet, on the east and west
sides. The latter have been used as a stable and a carriage house and
were somewhat enlarged in 1901 and 1902 at the expense of the
Smithsonian fund, their present dimensions being those given above.
The original Congressional appropriation for this building amounted to
$3,000, but, proving inadequate and in order to hasten its completion,
the Institution advanced an additional sum of ^3,927. 84, which wa^
refunded by Congress in 1877.
The upper part of the main building was fitted up ajs a photographic
laboratory, the remainder of the main building, with its basement
and the rooms over the carriage house, being assigned to the work
of taxidermy, prepamtion of skeletons, modeling, the painting of
models, etc. In the course of a few vears the accommodations which
it furnished were greatly outgrown, and certain divisions of the work
were transferred elsewhere. At the present time only the upper story
is occupied for any of these purposes, and principally by the bird
taxidermists. In 1881 the department of photography was removed
to the Museum building, and the old rooms were allotted to the use of
the photographers of the U. S. Geological Survey and the Bureau
of American Ethnology, who remained there until 1884.
ARMORY BUILDING.
This building, assigned in 1877 to the purposes of the National
Museum and now occupied as the headquarters of the U. S. Fish
Commission, is located at the southern end of that part of the Mall
lying between Sixth and Seventh streets. It was erected under an
appropriation of $30,000, granted in the civil and diplomatic act for
1856, for the use of the local volunteers and militia and as a place of
deposit for the militiiry trophies of the Revolutionary and other wars,
and for newly invented and model arms for the military service. It
is a rectangular brick structure, with man}" large windows, measuring
about 102 feet long, 58 foot wide, and 40 feet high to the gable. It
has four stories, including an attic, which afford a combined floor
space of over 20,000 squan? feet. The building remained dedicated to
its original uses until after the close of the civil war, when, the militia
of the District not being organized, it was left unoccupied.
The use of this building was granted to the Smithsonian Institution,
in order to provide for the temporary storage of the large collectioDS
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 237
which were expected to be received from the Centennial Exhibition
at Philadelphia, by the following provision in the sundry civil act for
1877:
For repairing and fitting*up the so-called Armory building, on the Mall between
Sixth and Seventh streets, and to enable the Smithsonian Institution to store therein
and to take care of specimens of the extensive series of the ores of the precious
metals, marbles, building stones, coals, and numerous objects of natural history now
on exhibition in Philadelphia, including other objects of practical and economical
value presented by various foreign governments to the National Museum, $4,500:
Provided, That the said sum shall be expended under the direction of the Secretary
of the Smithsonian Institution.
The collections, when brought to Washington from Philadelphia and
stored in this building in their original packing cases, together with
other collections from national surveys, filled it completely from the
ground floor to the attic. The sundry civil act for 1878 provided for
the completion of the interior arrangements and for maintenance in
the following terms:
For fitting up the Armory building for storage of articles l)elonging to the United
States, including those transferred from the international exhibition and expense of
watching the same, $2,500.
For 1879 and 1880, the same sum was granted ''for expense of
watching and storage of articles," etc. An identical amount was
appropriated for 1881, in which year the National Museum building
was completed, and the following clause added: ^*and for transfer
to the new National Museum."
Some of these collections, with others from the Geological Survey
and the Bureau of Ethnology, and several workshops were retained,
however, at the Armory building for a number of years longer, when
certain quarters, including the main floor, were appropriated to the
use of the U. S. Fish Commission, of which the Commissicmer, Spencer
F. Baird, was also keeper of the Museum. The foUow^ing was the
wording of the act for 1882:
For expense of watching, care, and storage of duplicate Government collections
and of property of the United States Fish Comuii.ssion, $2,500.
The text of the sundry civil items for 1883, 188-1, and 1885, was
identical, except for the insertion of tlie word 'Aground" in two
instances and its omission in the others, «nd was as follows:
For care of the Annory building (and groinuls) and expense of watching, i)r€»Per-
vation, and storage of the <luplicate collections of tlie Government and of tlie i)rop-
erty of the United States Fish Conlnli^48ion contained therein, including nalaries or
compensation of all necessary employees, $2,500.
In the corresponding ])ill for 188G, '^the property- of the National
Museum" was substituted for '"the duplicate collections of the
Government.'"
During the succeeding tliree years no appropriations wen* made
238 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
directly for the Aniiory building. It l>ccanie more extensively used
by the Fish Commission, the Museum retaining only a few workshops
and some storage quarters on the third floor. The expenses of main-
tenance and repair were paid by the Commission. In 1888 the newh
appointed Fish Conmiissioner rcquested that the entire building be
turned over to the Fish Commission for offiee and hatchery purposes.
Opposition arising, however, the matter was settled for the time by
the following item in the sundry civil act for 1889:
That the building known aa the Armory building, WaHhington, D. C^, shall l>e
ocimpie<l an at present, jointly by the United States Commission of Fish and Fish-
eries and the National Museum.
The act for 1890, however, which is as follows, extended the privi-
leges of the Fish Commission:
Fish Commission: For altering and fitting up the interior of the Armory buihlin^,
<m the Mall, city of Washington, now o<x*upie<l as a hatching station, for the aoroni-
modation of the ottices of the United States Fish Commission, and for general reiniin*
if} said building, including the heating apparatus, and for rej>airing and extending
the outbuildings, $7,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, the same to Ik?
inmiediately available and to Ixj exjH'nded under the direction of the Architect of
the Capitol; and for the puri)ose alH)ve named the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution is hereby retjuired to move from the second and third stories of this
building all properties, exirept such as are connec'ted with the workshoi)s hereinaft«^r
named, under his control; and the workshops now in the second story of said build-
ing shall Ik* transferrtMl to ami provl<led for in the thinl story thereof. And the
Architect of the Capitr>l is hereby dinH!te<l to examine and make rt»jM>rt to Congress
at its next regidar session as to the practicability and cost of cxmstructing a l.>asement
story under the National Museum building.
In his report upon the National Museum for 1890, Doctor Goodo
states that —
In the Armory building there are at the present time several hundreds of lx>x(»s
containing valuable material which has never lH»en unjMicked, sint*e there is no
space available for the display of the siKicimens. Many of the boxes CH:mtain collec-
tions which were brought to the ^luseum through the medium of spcinal acti< of
Congress.
Realizing, liowevei', tlio inconvenience to the Fish Commission of
retaining these un(lesiral)le features in the midst of the office quarters
then in course of construction, a compromise was effected whereby the
balance of the material in storage was tnmsferred to a large adjacent
shed erected by the Commission and the workshops to a location near
the Museum. Some i)arts of these sheds are still used for the same
purpose.
THE MUSEUM BUILDING.
HISTORICAL ACCOUNT.
At tlie beginning of ls77 the Hoard of Uc^gents made its first request
to Congress for niciins to erect a nuiseuin building supplemental to
the Smithsonian building, wliich for over twenty years had housed the
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 239
•ollcctions of the Governmoiit in conformity with the act establishing
he Institution. By this time all of the available spacx; in the Smith-
sonian building was overcrowded with specimens, and the need of
idditional, spacious quarters liad suddenly arisen, mainly through the
icquisition of exc^sedingly large collections of great value, donated to
he United States by foreign governments and other exhibitors at the
.Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition of 1870. At their meeting of
lanuary 24, 1877, the question was under discussion by the Regents,
vhen, on motion of Doctor Parker, the following preamble and reso-
ution were adopted, and the Secretary was instructed to transmit
hem to Congress:
Wliereao CongresB, in the oi^nization of the Smithsonian Institution, directed
)Kit it siiould make provitfion on a liberal scale for a niusenni to contain all the
•hjtH'ti* of natural history and of curious and foreign res(*arch, then belonging to or
ien»afti»r to belong to the Unite<l States Government; and
Wliereas, in acconlance with this direction, the Institution has developeil and for
iiany yeant princi]>ally supporteil this National Museum, the collection l)eing
he pn>i>erty of the Government, while the buihling was erected f(»r their accommo-
lation, at a cfjst of $500,000, out of the income of the Smiths >n fund; and
Whereas, on account of the appropriations of Congress for a national exhibit at the
Vntennial, an<l the lilieral donations which have l)een made by several States of
he Union, by individuals, and especially by foreign governments, the National
»[us<>um has sud<len1y increase<l to fourfold its previous dimensions and far beyond
he i'ai>acity of the Smithsonian building to (contain it: Therefore,
Hi'iutlved, That Congress Ix? respectfully recpiested to provide accommo4lations for
hese additional collec^tions by the ere(!tion of a suitable building in connection with
he present Smithsonian e<lifice.
This resolution was presented to the St»natc on Jiuuiary 26, 1877,
iiid to the HoiLse of Representatives on February 2 of the same ^xar,
>eing referred in the former IkkIv to the Committee on Public
buildings and Grounds and in the latter to the Committc^c on Appro-
>riations.
Under date of Februar}' 5, 1877, the Kegents also tninsmittod to
^'/ongress a memorial on the same subject, which, besides defining the
egal objects of the Museum of the Smithsonian Ihstitution and the
)rigin and extent of its collections, contained the following paragraphs,
equally pertinent to the needs for added space:
By an a<:t bearing date July 31, 187t), additional «luties were hiid uyn^n the Smith-
onian Instituti(m as custodian, and ^4,500 were appropriated "for reiuiiring and tit-
ing up the so-(ralled Armory buihling, on the ^lall l)etwe*?n Sixth and Seventh
treets, and to enable the Smithwjnian Institution to store tlicrein and to take care
»f si)ecimens of the extensive series of the ores of the ])recious metals, marbles,
>uilding stones, coals, and numerous objects of natural history now on exhibition in
Philadelphia, including other objects of j)ractical and economical value pres<»ntefl by
arious fon-ign governments to tlie National Mu«Mnn.
As a fniit of this act of tlie (ienenU ( JovtTninent, tlieSmithsrniian Institution finds
Iself the custodian of enormous <'ollections that had Um'II displayetl at tlie (Vnt<*ni
lial Exi>osition and on the closing of that exhibition had Ix^en pn»senle<l to the
Jnited States. These donations are made by individuals among our own citizens,
240 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
by foreign exhibitor, and by several of the States of the Union, and there is scarcely
a power in the civilized world in any region of the globe which has not taken part in
these contributions, and some of them with the largest generosity. Men of scienct^
most competent to pass judgment, pronounce them to be of immense value and art*
of opinion that, including the gifts from States of the Union and the exhibits of the
United States, they could not have been brought together by purchase for less than a
million of dollars.
Their adequate exhibition requires an additional building which shall afford at
least four times the space funiished by the present edifice of the Institution.
The Government of the Unite<l States is now in possession of the materials of a
museum exhibiting the natural products of our own country, associated with those
of foreign nations, which would rival in magnitude, value, and interest the most
celebrated museums of the Old World.
The immediate practical (question is. Shall these precious materials be for the most
part i>acked away in boxes, liable to injury and decay, or shall they be exhibited?
It was the act of Congress which ordere<l the acceptance in trust of these noble
gifts to the United States. The receiving of them implies that they will l>e taken
care of in a manner correfi[>onding to the just exi^ectations of those who gave them;
and one of the prevailing motives of the donors was that the productions of their
several lands might continue to he exhibite<l. The intrinsic value of the donations
is, moreover, enhanctnl by the circumstances under which they were made. They
came to us in the one hundredth ye^r of our life as a nation, in token of the desire of
the governments of the world to manifest their interest in our destiny. This con-
sideration l)ecomes the more ph^ng when we bring to mind that these gifts have
l)een rewiveil not exclusively from the great nations of Europe from w^hich we are
sprung, or fnmi the empire and republics on our own continent beyond the line, but
that they come to us from the oldest alxxle of civilization on the Nile, from the time-
honored empires and kingdoms of the remotest eastern Asia, and from the princii)al
states which are rising into intellei'tual and industrial and X)olitical greatness in the
farthest isles and continent; from states which are younger than ourselves and bring
their contributions as a congratulat^jry offering to their elder brother.
We have detMned it our duty to lay these facts and reflections before both Houses
of Congress and to represent to them that if they, in their wisdom, think that the
unequaled accunuilation of natural specimens and works interesting to science, the
evidence of the goo<l will to us that exists among men, should be placed where it can
l>e seen an<l studied by the i)eople of our own land and by travelers from abroad, it
will Ik? necessary to make an appropriation for the immeiliate erection of a spacious
building. Careful incjuiries have Ix^en instituteil to ascertain the smallest sum which
would l)e adetpiate to that i>urpose, and the plan of a convenient structure has been
made by Gen(;ral Meigs, the (Quartermaster-General, U. S. Anny. We beg leave
further to rc^present that to accomplish the purpose there would be need of an appro-
priation of $2r>0,0<X). This amount is re<iuired not as a first installment, to be fol-
lowed by others, hut as sufficient entirely to complete the e<lifice.
Should this appropriaticm be made at an early day, the building could be ready for
the reception c)f articles before the next session of Congress.
This ineniorial wa.s referred in })oth Houses to the Committees on
Public Buildings and Grounds and met with general favor. A bill
meeting the rotjuirements was passed by the Senate on February 22,
1877, but a corresponding bill offered in the House on March 2 was
defeated by objection, possibly because of the lateness of the session,
less than two days remaining })efore the close of Congress. The
debates were brief but interesting.
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 241
Senator Morrill, on February 6, 1877, remarked:
Ah I liuve stated in years jmst, it has seemed Uf \xi a necessity that we shoald pro-
vide for a national museum. It has ])een the opinion of the Committee on Public
Buildings and Grounds on the x)art of the Senate, I Iwlieve unanimously, for some
years that we ouf^ht to take all of the Sfjuares next east of the public grounds,
throughout the length and breadth of the north and south range of one square, taking
one square in depth and the whole length, for the purpose of a national museum
and CongresHional Library, and evidently this matter should be i)rovide<l for at once.
* * * There are, as I am informed, at least fifty carloads of articUjs that have
Wmi given to us by foreign governments. Thirty-two or thirty-three out of the forty
nationalities abroad have given us their entire exhibits at the Centennial Kxhibition.
Their money value is scan^ly computable, but if it were to l)e computed it exceiMls
our own, as large as our exhibits were there and as creditable to the country. Our
own, I believe, in money value, have Ixjen computed at $400,000. Tluwe foreign
exhibits are compute<l, at least in money value, at the sum of $600,000, ])ut in his-
torii*al and scientific interest they perhaps surpass anything that has been assembled
in any national museum on the globe.
vSenator J. W. Stevenson, on the same day, made the following
statement:
1 1 is known to the Senate that the Smithsonian Institution was rei)retfonted at the
late Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. At the close of that exposition a nunil)er
of the foreign powers there represente*! and who contributed to that gran«l display,
at its close generously donate<l to the Smithsonian Institution most of their articles
and products there exhibited. * * * The motive which prompted thes<^ dona-
tions to the Smithsonian Institution was un(iuestiona])ly one of amity and respect
entertained by the foreign powers <lonating them for the Government of the Unittnl
States. But unquestionably these donors exi>ected tliat this (iovernment would,
thnmgh the agency of the Smithsonian Institution, keep these arti(!les thus donated
on public exhibition, and in this way the respective products of each country would
liecome known to the i>eople of our entire country.
The articles donate<l are valuable, rare, varie<l, and occupy much space. * * *
The Smithsonian Institution has no building in which they can ])e cither exliibited
or safely preserved. They must remain, therefore, in })oxes, subject to injury an<l
to decay, unless Congress shall take some innne<liate action toward the erection of a
building in all resj^ecta suitable for their exhibition and preservation. The (upacit y
of such a building is estimated ])y eomiH?tent architects to Ih» four times as lar^e as
the Smithwmian building. A plan of such a structure has })een already dniwn by
( leneral Meigs. ♦ * *
Professor Henry assures me that witli the erection of the contemi>lated ImlMin^
on the plan of General Meigs, with tin* articles now* cm exhibition in the Sniith-
H'mian Institution with those just donated, we sliall have the nucleus of a national
museum which, in a few years, will CKiual any in the world.
In presenting the nKunorial to the House on Fcb»aary 7, 1S77,
Representative Hiester Clynier said, among other things:
It may not Ik* disputed that the acceptance of them [the collections from Phila-
delphia] by the Government impost's an o)>ligation that they shall be preserved and
exhibittNl for the ^rnititieation and instnKrtion <»f the i)eoi>le. Their j)reservation and
exhibition nuist be contided to the National ^Inseum, of which, l>y law, the Uegeiits
of the Smithsonian have the custodv. Thev have presented f«»r our considenition
the necessity ff)r ereetin^ a suitii})le building for the puriK>ses I have indicated, giv-
ing' an estimate of its i)rol>able cost.
NAT Ml s 19ua 1(5
242 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
The bill which passed the Senate as an item in the sundry civil bill,
but failed of action in the House, in this the second session of the
Forty-fourth Congress was as follows:
For a fireproof building for the use of the National Museum, '^00 feet Bijuare, to U'
erecte(i under the direction and 8ui>ervi8ion of the Regents of the Smithsonian
Institution, in accordance with the plan of Maj. Gen. M. C. Meip*, now on file witli
the Joint Committee of Public Buildings and Grounds, on the southwest comer of
the grounds of the Smithsonian Institution, the sum of $250,000 is hereby appro
priated out of any money in the Treasury not other^'ise appropriate* 1; said building
to l)e placed west of the Smithsonian Institution, leaving a roa^lway V>etween it arul
the latter of not less than 30 feet, with its north front on a line ]»arallel with the
north face of the buildings of the Agricultural Deimrtment and of the Smithsonian
Institution; and all expenditures for the purposes hert»in mentioned, not including
anything for architectural plans, shall Ije audited by the proper officers of the
Treasury Department.
The necessity for a new Museum building was brought to the atten-
tion of the President of the United States through the following
communication, dated Octobers, 1877:
Sir: I have the honor, in Ixjhalf of the Boanl of Regents of the Smithsf>nian Insti-
tution, to invite your attention to the propriety of recommending to Congress the
memorial of the Board of Regents (a copy of which is herewith inclostxl), askiiiir
that an appropriation l)e nimle for a building to accommodate the valuable i-ol lec-
tions presenttnl to the United States through this Institution at the late international
exhibition in Philadelphia.
As explanatory of this recjuest it may l)e proiH»r to state that the Smiths<)niaM
Institution was authorized })y Congress to receive and take charge of these n>llecti«»ns,
and that they were prest»nted with the exj)ectation on the jmrt of the donors that
suitable provision would W made for their disj)lay at the seat of government. They
consist of full series of articles illustrative of the economic products, the natural his-
tory, and in many cases the manners, customs, and arts of the foreign countries
repre^^ented at the Centennial Exhibition, and are of great importance to the
advancement of science, education, and manufacture. Besides these are the objects
collected by the Smithsonian Institution and U. S. Fish Commission of the animal,
mineral, and fishery resources of the United States, also of public interest.
These artick*s now ccnistitnte, by law, a part of the National Museum, which ha-^^
l)een placed by Congress in charge of the Smithsonian Institution. Tliis Mustniiu
has hitherto In-en accomnujilated in the building erected for the purpose at th»'
expenst* of the Smithson fund, in accordance with the direction of Congress. This
edifice, however, is fille*! to overflowing, while there are elsewhere, in storage, from
the donations previously mentioned, collections of gn»ater magnitude than those in
the Smithsonian building.
It is evident that an appropriation for an additional building can not justly In*
taken from the Smithson fund, and therefore the Board of Regents have made the
application mentioned in their memorial. This memorial was presented to Congn^ss
at its last session, when the a]>propriation aske<l for was grante<l by the Senate unani-
mously, and when, in all pro})a])ility, it would have been granted by the House
could the proix)sition have l>een brought to the consideration of that body.
I am, with sentiments of high esteem, your olxnlient st^rvant,
Joseph Hrnry,
Secretary tSmilfisonian Iruftitution.
Hon. RuTUEKFoan B. Hayes.
RfpcmalU. S NatiDnil Mgi*un^, 1903-
ROTUNOA. National Museum Buildinq.
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 243
In his mc^sago to the Forty-fifth Congress, first session, De<*.ember
3, 1877, the President recommended " that an adequate appropriation
ho made for the establishment and conduct of a national museum linder
their [the Regents] supervision."
Acting upon the basis of information supplied during the previous
session, the same bill was introduced in the House of Representatives
(H. R. 2662) on January 21, 1878, by Senator Casey Young. It was
referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, which,
through Mr. Young, submitted a report (No. 244) upon the measure
on February 25, 1878. On March 6 following, the bill was again
brought up, referred to the Committee of the Whole and placed on
the Calendar, but no further action was taken. A similar bill (S. 132U)
was submitted in the Senate by Senator Justin S. Morrill on May 27,
1878, and referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and (j rounds.
The report of the House committee (No. 244) briefty sets forth the
history and requirements of the Museum and the steps taken to secure
the valuable collections exhibited at Philadelphia, and closes as follows:
The oollectioDs in the Smithsonian building now oi)en to the jmhlic occupy a])out
.'WjOOO square feet of fioor space. It is quitt^ within Ix)un(l8 to entiniate tiiat the articlen
Htore<i away will require for their satisfactory exhibition ])etwoen three an<l four
i'uuvn that area, even allowing for a great reduction of the o])jecta ])y tlie elimination
an<l distribution of the duplicate specimens. There is no prcninion whatever at
present for the display of these articles, and unless Congre^ furnishcH the means
this magnificent property of the people will go to decay and destruction in the course
of time, the animal products being destroyed rapidly by insects and many objects of
a mineral or metallurgical character by nist.
An every day of delay in arranging an<l exhibiting this collection is a<'coinpanied
with the question of erecting a suitable ])uilding for its accommodation and has
occupied the attention of the Smithsonian Institution, a i)lan hut* iK'cndcvisi'd which,
it is believed, will furnish the facilities require<l in the shortest possible interval of
time and at the minimum of exi>ense.
To erect an edifice of the neceasary magnitude, in the style of archit(H.'tnre hereto-
fore adopted by the Government for its use in Washington, would involve an
expenditure of ^lany millions of dollars, and it could not ]>c completed and available
for occupation in a shorter perio<l than from live to eight years. Nevertheless, on a
simple plan originally suggested by (ieneral Meigs, a building somewhat similar in
<*haracter to those erected for the National ExiK)sition, 30() feets<iuare, or having an
art»a of 90,000 square feet — something over two acri's — jK'rfectly fireproof, amply
lighted, and properly a<lapted for all its objects, can be constructe<l for about
$250,000, and can l)e rea<ly for occupation within ten months, or at most a year, from
the time of its commencement. ^
By the plan contemplated everything would Ik* on one tloor, without any stairways
or second story, no cellar or fireproof floor iK'ing nMjuired. The single, fioor of the
building to \h} of concrete, and thiw water an<l vermin i)nH)f; the walls and other
portions of the building of brick, and the In^ams, rafters, and framework of the roof
of iron, without a partich^ of woo<l.
It is therefore much to Ik^ desired that the means be fnniishe<l at an early day for
the constniction of this building, so that the rich material now belonging to the
United States Government can Ixi utilized.
244 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
It is believed that when properly arranged the National Museum of the United
States will take rank as one of the great industrial and economical displays of the
natural resources of the globe. The accommodation will then be afforded for the
exhibition of the mineral wealth of every State and Territory, and the display of
samples of every new mine, with all the appliances for rendering the study of the
whole interesting and profitable. The coals, the marbles, and other ornamental
minerals will be exhibited systematically; the useful and ornamental product^:
and derivatives of the animal kingdom will be shown — not only Huch as relate to the
United States, but with illustrations of the whole subject in other parts of the world —
which can not fail to suggest new and important applications in this country.
Illustrations of the f(xxl and other fishes of this and other countries, the best meth-
ods of securing them and of prei>aring them for the requirements of mankind, and
the \^ried productions of the aboriginal races of North America can also l>e displayed
on a proper scale.
During the second session of the same Congress the bill for a new
building was again brought up in both Houses. Brief remarks were
made in the Senate and the bill slightly amendexi in regard to the
wording relative to location. It was passed as an item in the sundry
civil act for 1880 in the following terms:
For a fireproof building for the use of the National Museum, 300 feet 8(]uare, to Ik*
erected under the direction and supervision of the Regents of the Smithsonian Innti-
tution, in accordance with the plans now on file with the Joint Committee of Public
Buildings and Grounds, on the southeastern portion of the grounds of the Smithso-
nian Institution, $250,000: said building to be placed east of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution, leaving a roadway between it and the latter of not less than 50 feet, with its
north front on a line with the south face of the buildings of the Agricultural Depart-
ment and of the Smithsonian Institution; and all expenditures for the purposee
herein mentioned, not including anything for architectural plans, shall be audited
by the proper officers of the Treasury Department.
The following extracts from the report of the building commission,
submitted January 19, 1880, give a summary of the building opera-
tions for 1879:
Anticii)ating the early ac^tion of Congress in the premises, the Board of Regents,
on the 17th of January, 1879, adopte<l the following resolution:
** AVv<o/»yy/, That the executive committee of the Board, or a majority thereof, and
the 8(HTetary Ix', and they are hereby, authorized and empowereil to act for and in
the name of the Board of Regents in carrying into effect the provisions of any act of
Congress that may be passed providing for the erection of a building for the National
Museum.**
Accordingly, on the 7th of March, 1879, Hon. Peter Parker and Gen. W. T. Sherman,
the resident inemlK^rs of the executive committee, with the Secretary, met in the offii-e
of the Institution, and after organizing under the title of "National Museum Build-
ing (Annmission," of which (ien. W. T. Sherman was chosen chairman, proceetled
to adopt such measures aw in their opinion appeared best calculated to realize, with
the least i)ossible delay, the intention of Congress.
The connnittec at the outset invited (icn. M. C. Meigs, Quartermaster-General
V. S. Army, to act in the capacity of consulting engineer to the commission, and
also w4ected Messrs. Chiss t^ Schulze, whose plans for the new building were those
approved ]>y Congress, as su|K»rin tending architects. Mr. Daniel Leech was appointeii
secretarv of the conmiission.
NATIONAL MUSKITM — BTTTLDINOfl. 245
To remove as far as possible any doubt as to tbe sufficiency of the appropriation
for a building in aci^onlance with the plans approve«i ])y Conj^ress, Mr. £<lward
Clark, Architei^t of the Capitol, and General Meigs, after carefully considering the
provisional estimates of the architects, informed the cot nmission that in their opinion
the amount was sufficient for the purpose.
To obtain a clear understanding of the intent of Congress in making the appro-
j)riation, as well as to ascertain how^ far, if desirable, the commission might be
authorized to depart from the plans before the Committees of Public Buildings and
Grounds when the act was passed, the chairmen of the respective committees (Hon.
H. L. Dawes and Hon. Philip Cook) were consulted; whereupon these gentlemen
officially informed the commission ''that, provided the general design be retained,
it was not their intention, nor that of their committees, to confine the Board of
Regents of the Smithsonian Institution to the minor details of the aforesaid plans,
but to authorize any modifications that might appear to them desirable in the interest
of economy or for the better adaptation of the building to its object."
On ascertaining that the appropriation could be made immediately available under
)he clause directing that the accounts should be audited by the projKir officers of the
Treasury Department, the Secretary of the Treasury was, on the 27th of March,
requested to designate some one of his force to act as dinbursing officer. Accord-
ingly Maj. T. J. Hobbs, disbursing clerk of the Department, was selected, and pay-
ments were authorized to be made by him on vouchers approved by the Secretary
of the Smithsonian Institution as provided for in the following resolution:
** Reiolved, That the commission appointed by the Boartl of Regents of the Smith-
sonian Institution to superintend the construction of a new fireproof building for the
National Museum hereby authorize Prof. 8. F. Baird, Secretary of the Institution, to
act as their agent to approve for payment by Thomas J. Hobbs, all bills for services and
supplies from such funds as are placed in the hands of the latter by said coniniisHion
for such purposes, and the Secretary of the Treasury is liereby resix»ct fully requested
to instruct Thomas J. Hobbs, disbursing agent, to i)ay any bills when thus certified
and found to be otherwise technically correct.*'
Having thus prepared the way to a commencement of active oix^rations, Hfx^cifica-
tions were at once prepared and projMJsals invited for carrying on the work, (i round
was broken on the 17th of April, 1879.
The concrete foundations were begun on the 29th of April, and the brickwork of
the walls on the 21st of May, the main walls l)eing completed on the 1st day of
November.
In consequence of the low pricx»s of the more important building mate/ials, very
favorable contracts were maile, especially for the brick re<iuire<l and for the ironwork,
since the price of iron advanced very materially within a few months from tlu^ date
referred to. The same is true with regard to glass, bricks, and in fact almost all
building materials.
♦ «♦«*«*
The estimate of $250,000 for the construction of a museum building did not include
the heating apparatus. As the work ])rogrt»ssed, however, it iH'caine evident that all
the underground piping for water, gas, and steam, at least, couM U' obtaincnl from
the fund.
In anticipation of an appropriation for the purpose*, it wa.'^ deeme<l best to ol>tain
pn»visional bids for a st«»ani- heating apparatus. Accordingly proposids were invited:
First, for the underground pijK's; second, for the boilers; third, for the ra<liators.
The aggregate of the (»stimatt»s for the three items varie<l from $18,940 to $r)5,()80.
The lowest bid was rejected on a<.!count of inadequacy of the supply of heat. The
next to the lowest was that of Messrs. Baker, Smith & Co., for $19,7(58, which was
acw^pted, and a contract made for the underground pijKis for $5,770.
An appropriation of $30,000 has been asked of Congress for the completion of the
246 KEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
heating apparatus throughout, for the gas and water fixtures and the electric appa-
ratus required for clocks in the huildinjr, for signals, alarms, etc.
Before the building can be occujueil it must of course be furnished and fitted up
with cases, of which, as might be exjK'cted, a large provision is n»quired. According
to a calculation, the cases that will be needed, if placed end to end, will extend to a
distance of more than 8,000 feet, with a total of shelving surface of about 75,000 squan*
feet. The frontage of the cases will be over 14,000 feet, so that, allowing for the cross-
ing from one case to another, a journey of at least 3 miles will be re^piired <»ven to
take a cursory glance at all the objects in the collection.
The question of the best material for the cases has not been definitely settle<l,
the choice lying between iron and hard wood. In order to assist in determining this
question satisfac^torily, arrangements have been made to obtain working plans of the
cases U8e<l not only in a number of museums in the Uniteil States, especially in Cam-
bridge, Boston, and New York, but also in Europe. The new building now l)ein^'
erected for the <»ollecrtions of the British Musemn is one where it is supp<nae<l the
best experience has l)een ma<le use of in the plans of the ceases, and arrangement*
have been made to o])tain copies of the same. The new iron erases of the national
nmseum at Dresden are also under investigation. Iron is more expensive than woo«l,
but involves less danger of decay, and there is also an especial advantage in the fac t
that the material maybe so much thinner as to increase the interior si>ace, while the
objects in the cases are less obscured. Of course it must not be forgotten that the
National Museum is expected to discharge its functions for an indefinite period of
vears.
The provision of Congress directeil that the new building should be plai^e<l to the
east of the present Smitlisonian edifice, at least 50 feet from its southeastern corner.
Thecjuestionwas considenil of having the interval greater than this minimum, but it
VifLS found that this would involve the extension of the building beyond the boundary
of the Smithsonian reservation and carry it to the unassigned portion of the scpiart'.
Although there was nothing in the act to prevent this encroachment, yet in view of
the possibility that the southeastern jX)rtion of the public land between Seventh and
Twelfth streets would \ye required for some other purposes, i)erhaps for a Congn»s-
sional Li])rary, it was thought best to encroach ujxin it as little as i)08sible.
In addition to its answering the puriK)se for which it was primarily intendeil, it is
confidently believcH.1 that the new National Museum building will exercise an
important function in serving as a model for similar establishments elsewhere.
Of course in a city where the (tost of land is a matter of important consideration,
the one-story i>lan can not always be carrieil out, the usual position of story al>ove
story Ixiing necessary to secure the desired spa(;e. Most colleges and universititv,
however, have ample grounds belonging to them„the occupation of which by largt*
buildings is all()wa))le. Under such (rircnmstances the same amount of firei>roof
space can Ihj had for from two-thirds to one-half the usual cost.
The ollice of member of the building commission has Ix^n by no means a sinecure,
weekly meetings having been held, with scarcely an interruption, from the first
organization, as shown by the full reports kept of the i)ro(»eeilings. General Meigs,
as consulting engineer, until his recent dej)arture on a tour of duty, was present at
every meeting and cc^ntinually aided the commission by his adviw, rendereil s<i
vahia})le by his long familiarity with building operations on a large sc^le and with
the whole (|uestion of the proper construction of contrattts. He visite<i the grountla
nearly every day and closely inspected the progress of the work. To him are also
due valuable suggestions on the methods of covering the roofs and on other details.
Two subsequent reports were made ])V the building commission — one
covering the year 1S80, the other 1S81. In these the progress of the
work and tlie dates of comph'tion of inii)ortant parts of the building
NATIONAL MIJSKUM BUILDINGS. 247
wore noted. The roofs were finished in April, 1880, and the plaster-
iiij^ h}' the latter jmrt of July. In the interest of economy in heating
all outside windows were furnished with two pines of glass. Wooden
floors were laid in 1X80 in all the lialls, except the four courts, the
four main halls or nave^j, and the rotunda. Congress was asked for
an appropriation to defray the expense of a marble or tile floor for the
naves and rotundsi, and $20, WO was allowed for this purpose, l^ecoming
available in the summer of 1881. The rotunda was then supplied with
a floor of encaiLstic tiles and the main halls with floors of marble tiles.
The approaches to the building were const nicted out of the original
appropriation.
The final report of the (commission, dateil elanuar}'- 2, 1882, closes as
follows:
In cloeiing thiH its third annual rep^irt, the National MuHcnni ])uil<lin^ coniminsion
(*ongratulat«8 the Kegents that the new building for the National ^[iLsouin in ho far
<'onipleted an to berea<ly for oeeupancy, an<l in now asking the Board to take charge
of the cHlifice the comniiH^ion l)egfl to n»fer to the important fat't that, while a builtl-
ing 18 presented eijual in every reaiHict to what wat4 anticipat(Hl in case ]>rovision
should lie made for a<lditional quartern for the national colle<!tions intrusted to the
CJire of the SuiithMonian Institution, instea4l of incurring a deficiency, tiie fund has
lH.*en 80 nianage<l an to have to it8 ere<lit at the prc^sent moment an availabh^ balance
of Home thousands of dollars.
Having fulfilled the duties with which it was ciiargeil by your nisolution of Janu-
ary 17, 1879, the commission would resiXH.'t fully ask to lie discharged an<l to ])e author-
izetl to tuni over to the »St»<'retary of the Smithsonian Institution the building itself,
and to the Unitefl States Treasury whatever balance of money may remain after
liiiuidating the last liability on account of the (tonstniction of the tMlifice.
The appropriations which had been made for the buiklint^ wore as
follows:
Building $200, 000
Steam heating apimratus 25, (XH)
Water, gas, and electric apparatus 12, 500
Marble and tile flooring 2<), 000
SiKM'ial sewer connection 1 , 900
Total '. : J 1 5 , 400
The subjects intended to l)e represented in the new buildiiit^ were
stated by Secretary Baird, in his report for IsTJK to Ix* as follows:
The peri<.Ml of complete installation of <'olUK'tions on hand an<l the o]K^niiig of the
building to the public will <le))i*nd upon the amount of the a] )prop nation and tUv
nipidity with which the contractors may complete their work. The new building
will Ikj devotetl more jMirticularly to in<lustrial exhiluts, intendtnl to show the
nninial and mineral resources of the l-nited Stat^iS and their pra<*tical ai)plications
to the wants or luxuries of man. Tbe department of antbrop(>logy will also be
largely representtNl. Mow far natural history can lind a place in the l)uil(ling will
dejiend uiM)n the spax-e re<|uire<l for the colle<'tions mentiontnl. It is conlidently
exi>ect4Hl that this Imilding when fmisheil will Ihj one of the most attractive objec^ts
of the kin<l extant and but little inferior to the celel»rate<l museums of foreign
countries.
248 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
In his report for 1880 he says:
I now have the pleasure of stating that the work has been in the greater part
completed during the year 1880 and that a portion of the building is alrea<ly occii-
))ied for it» legitimate objects.
The details of progress and completion will be given in full in the report of the
building committee and of the architect, to which I would refer. It will l>e j»al!i-
cient to »&y here that the work has all been done within the estimates and that it
promises to be even more suitable to its purpose than was anticipated. All tlie
re(]uirements in regard to light and heat are fully met, and in this resixM't and in
that of its slight cost in proportion to the spacre obtained, the buildii\g is belif>ve4l to
have no parallel in the country. Including the building ))roper, the steam heating
api»aratus, the gas and water fixtures, and all their accessories, the ct^t hat>
amounted U) less than $3 per square foot of ground floor and to al)out 6 centos j^er
cubic fiK>t of entin* capacity.
The first use of the buildlDg wa.s for the inaugural reception to
President (iarfield on March 4, 18S1, which was granted in accordance
with the following resolution of the Regents at a meeting held on
Deceml)er 8, 1S80:
Whereas the new Museum building is unfinished and not ready for occupancy of
the (Joveniment collections, and when.»as such a contingency will not again occm,
and that no i)rece<.ient is to l>e given for the use of the building for other pur]K»sefti:
ReHoJredy That tlie use of the new National Museum building Ihj granted for tlie
inaiigurdi reception of the President of the United States on the 4th of March, 1881,
and that the Secretarv of the Smithsonian Institution l>e authorized to make all
nccesH;\ry arnmgements for this purpose.
In 18S1 Professor Baird stated that the building might then be con-
sidered as completed and ready for its final occupation by the various
departuKMits which have ])een assigned to it. Some small additions and
alterations were still retiuired to be made, but they did not interfere
with the geneml use of the structure. In the l>eginning certain office
and hiboratorv (juartcrs were granted to the United States Geological
Siirv(\v, <'spccially in the northeast pavilion, and they continued to be
so used for several vears.
It was soon recognized that the building was too small to provide all
the n(M*cssarv Jiccommodations, even though the Museum continued in
possession of the same space in the Smithsonian building as before,
and the inconvonirnce from this source increased rapidly with time. It
thus also I'csulted that not all of the halls could In? used for exhibition
l)urpos(»s as intended, and until lately some of them have always been
closed to the public, that tlu^v might be employed for storage, for
unpacking, or for woi'k rooms.
There have ]>een from the beginning many changes in the assign-
ment of spac(» to the ditl'cM'ent dc^partments, but tninsfers from one
])uilding to the other iiav<» been few since the occupation of the newer
structure. Tlie clearing up of th(» exhibition halls, which were never
in as good condition as now, has been mainly accomplished by the
heroic nu^thod of sending large <|uantities of specimens to outside stor-
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 249
age and by the fitting up of a few outside workrooms. Another factor
ill thiM direction has been the construction of a number of galleries,
a.s explained below.
Secretary Baird says, in his report for 1882, that —
The Museum building was received from the hands of the architects in so complete
a state that but little remained to 1m?! done beyond the tinting of a portion of the
walls and the filling up of some of the alcoves with canvas frames, etc. There is
yet much to be done, however, in the construction of the necessary cases for the
a(H*ommodation of collections.
The building of cases has, in fact, never ceased, for, while the more
urgent needs were early supplied, cases of one description or another
have been added from year to year. Many cases used at national
ox]X)sitions have been returned in so defa(*ed a condition that it hiis
been necessary to reject or rebuild them^ and cjises of new and im-
proved patterns have replaced many of the older ones.
In 1888 Pi'ofessor Baird remarks that the "building continues to
pro.ser\'e the reputation it has acquired as representing the maxinmm
of convenience and adaptation to its purposes with the mininmm of
original cost and expense for repairs;" and in 1885 ho states that the
'Miuilding is in excellent condition and has recjuired comparatively
little in the way of repairs."
After not many years, however, certain weak points l)egan to
<levelop, and these have been the cause of nmch con(;ern and have
necessitated almost continuous repairs, though seldom at great expense.
The walls are essentially substantial, l)ut the roof was constnurted at too
little cost and is far below the standard of the lu'ickwork. Its weak-
ness and incompleteness is evident both in the supporting framework
and in the covering. The framework has given way in placets under
heavy falls of snow, and the covering has dcn'eloped numerous leaks,
most commonly about the breaks in the roof, but elsewh(»re as well,
and the constant attention of one m(*chanic has been insutficient to
keep these leaks under control. While it is intended soon to renew
the worst of this covering, it is now (juite certain that a consid(M*al)le
jrartof the roof must be wholly rebuilt Ix'fore many yoars.
The leaks from the roof have so constantlv d<»face(l tlie inside walls
of the naves and courts that onlv recentlv has it lu^en deemed advisa
ble to repaint them, a work which was n)ainly accomplished during
1902 and 1903, and which has greatly improvinl tlu* appearance of the
exhibition halls.
The principal other <*hanges in th(» interior of the l)uikling, in the
nature of permanent improvements, have bciMi tlie rcplac(»ment of the
wooden floors with cement, the l)uihling of galleries in nearly all
the halls, and the addition of soni(> skylights. The first has improved
both the conditifms and the appearance of the halls, and as the floors
were without proper foundation the f<)rm<ir wooden (covering was
250 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
inadequate to keep out the moisture or impurities from the soil. The
galleries have materially increased the amount of spai*.e, and the new
skylights were rendered necessary by their introduction. These fe4i-
tures ma}' be briefly referred to as follows:
In some of the preliminary drawings for the museum building a tier
of galleries is shown in each of the exhibition halls, but in the plans as
finally adopted and presented to Congress these features were not
represented. The height of the several halls, however, was made
sufficient to permit of their introduction at any time. In view of the
failure to secure earl}' action by Congress toward the erection of a
third building, it was decided to urge the construction of these gal-
leries, in order that some additional space might be acquired. The
entire sum needed for such a purpose was not requested at once, but
the estimates for 1893, 1894, 1895, and 1896 each contained an item of
$8,000, These failed to receive favorable consideration by Congress,
but the amount named was appropriated in the sundry civil act for
1897, and other appropriations followed, namely, $8,000 in 1898,
$10,000 in 1899, and $5,000 in 1902, making a total of $31,000 for this
purpose. From this amount galleries were erected in all the halls,
courts, and ranges, except the north hall and the northeast and east-
noi*th ranges. In the southeast range the galleries have been extended
so as to form a complete second floor. Though intended primarily
for exhibition purposes, it has been necessary to assign certain of the
galleries to the storage of reserve collections and as workrooms, as
elsewhere explained.
The only substantial floors laid in the beginning were those in the
rotunda and the four main halls, as already described, the former
being of encaustic tiles, the latter of marble squares. The remaining
floors in all parts of the 'main building were of wood. The latter
were allowed to remain until thoroughly worn out, being gradually
replaced l)y more durable material. These changes began in 1891 and
were not completed until 1900. The first of the new floors, and, in
fact, the greater number, were constructed of cement, granito, and
granolithic; the last four were made of terrazzo pavement, siuall
irregular pieces of marble, laid in cement, and are the most satisfac-
tory, in api)carauce at least.
The other work of repair and alteration, conducted at the expense
of th(» general appropriation for this puqx)se, need not be analyzed
here. It has produced, as a whole, many marked improvements,
though for the most part it has been directed toward maintaining the
building in as fair a condition as the funds have pennitted.
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 251
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDING.
DESCRIPTION.
In describing the present Museum building," the architects, Messrs.
Chiss & Schulze, spoke of it as follows:
A mcKlemized Romanesque style of architecture was adopted for the new building
in order to keep up a relationship with the Smithstjnian building, which is designed
in Nonnan, a variety of this style. To modeniize this style was found necessary
on account of the different building material, and to do justice to the purposes of the
building with its modem demands of perfect^ safety an<l elegance of constructiou, of
greatest possible available floor spa(»t of easy communications, efficient drainage, a
well-calculated and pleasing admission of light, free circulation of air, and all other
hygienic dicta.
The external architecture is based upon the general arrangement of the interior,
and shows plainly the prominence of the four naves and the careful management of
the light for the central |X)rtion of the building. The main entrances are in the
centers of each facade between two lofty towers of 86 feet height, which suet as l>ut-
tresses ior the naves. Between the towers, and receding from the doorways, there
are large arched windows set with ornamented glass, and above those the gables of
the naves are fonne*!; they contain inscription plates, and are crowned by allegorical
groups of statuary. The group over the northern gable, designe<l l)y C. Hul)erl, of
New York, already in position, introduces Columbia as the protectn»« of science and
in<lustry. * * *
On the whole, the one-storj' plan which has prevaileil among experts ever since
he Paris exhibition of 1867 has been mlopttnl. But by the introduction of up|)er
stories cm those outlying sections reserved for offices, ample office room has been
secureil without encroaching materially u|X)n the floor space within the scjuare of
30() feet to which the building was primarily limited.
Whatever may be the style of architecture represented, the exterior
of the building can not lay claim to dignity of appearance or to any
degree of esthetic merit, although by a symmetrical arnuigement of
towers and pavilions some relief is given to the low outer walls, and,
viewed a short distance off, the tops of the former mingle with the
roofs and lantern skylights to produce a not unpicturesque, though
crude, effect. The walls are of brick, the roofs principiUy of iron
and slate. The former w^ere well constructed, and should long remain
in good condition, but the latter were early found to \h\ in greater
part, unsuitable and insecure. These defects were largely dm* to the
smallness of the appropriation, only $250,000, which did not permit
of the best class of workmanship and material, and the failure to pro-
duce a better architectural effect can probably also ])e accounted for
in the same way.
The interior is plain, and its walls are frequently defaced through
the imperfections of the roofs, but the many criticisms which, from
the beginning, have been directed agjiinst the arrangement of the
building are entirely unwarranted. For th(» puipose for which it
was erected, the exhilntion of specimens, it probably has no superior
« Anmul KeiM)rt of the Smithsonian Institution for 1879, pp. 130, 131.
252 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
in thia country and few, if any, abroad. The critics have simply con-
founded cheapness and crudencss with inadaptation to purpose. It is
a square building of a single story, consisting of four large naves
and a central rotunda in the shape of a Greek cross, with ranges and
covered courts filling in the corners, so as to produce a solid or
continuous structure every part of which, under the original plan,
was well lighted. The ranges have large windows, and the naves and
courts both skylights and clerestory windows. It is the plan so often
adopted for exposition buildings, and also at times for permanent
structures, and is especially convenient to the visitor, in that he has
no stairs to climb. There has at no time in the past been any difliculty
in so installing the display collections that they could be distinctly
seen and the labels read. Within a few yeai"s, however, galleries have
been built in nearly all the halls, as it was necessary to increase the
amount of space. The height of the halls has permitted this to be
done without injur^^ to the general effect, Ijut to some extent the light-
ing has been interfered with, though not so much but that it can l)e
remedied.
This building was planned, as above stated, essentially for exhibi-
tion purposes. The space available for laboratories and storage
quarters, howev^er, is wholly inadequate, though convenient and well
lighted. This may be considered as one of the main defects of the
interior, as it is the one most noticeable to the specialist who wants
working room, and seldom refers to the exhibition series. A remedy
for this condition, recommended and urged upon Congress by Pro-
fessor Baird, was the erection of a smaller fireproof building nearby,
entirely for laboratory and stonige needs, and especially' for the safe-
guarding of the alcoholic collections. His ideas were never carried
out, but it is hoped that in the new })uilding all of these requirements
will be provided.
The building has, moreover, served an excellent purpose as an
object lesson, since the exp(*rience gained in its construction and fur-
nishing, and in the instillation of its collections, has been invaluable
in th(» preparations for the newer structure. It will undoubtedly con-
tinue to be occupied for many years to come, and its complete repair
will probably he undertaken as soon as the new building is finished.
The building under description stiinds on the southeast corner of the
reservation granted to the Smithsonian Institution l?y the fundamental
act of 1846, and, in fact, overreaches its eastern boundary to aYx)ut
the extent of the width of Ninth street SW. Its north or front face is
about on a line with the south face of the Smithsonian building, from
which its n<»arest corner is distant about 50 feet, while its rear face
adjoins the sidewalk on B street south.
The main part of the ])uilding is about 300 foet square and one story
high throughout, though of very diifenMit elevations. In the center
Ripox of U. S N
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 253
of each front, at the sides of the entrance, are two tall towers, and at
the corners are large pavilions, all of which project about 12^ feet
from the main walls, thus making the extreme linear dimensions of
the building about 325 feet. The amount of ground covered is 97,786
square feet, or about 2i acres.
The primary feature of the plan consists of four naves or main
halls, the largest in the building, which i*adiate in the form of a Greek
cross from a central rotunda to the towers above mentioned. Follow-
ing the outer walls and extending from the naves to the pavilions are
a series of eight ranges, two on each side. This arrangement leaves
four courts, inclosed by the naves and ranges, which are roofed over
and form parts of the actual building. There are, therefore, 17 halls
in the body of the building, all designed for exhibition purposes.
These halls are separated by heavy brick walls, having numerous
broad arched openings reaching nearly to the ceiling. The lower part
of these openings both from the floor and from the galleries are filled
in with cases or screens, except where needed as passageways. The
main halls open broadly into the rotunda. There is one entrance into
each court, and one at each end of the several mnges for the circula-
tion of the public.
The central rotunda attains the greatest height. It is octagonal
below, with a maximum diameter of 65 feet, and is surmounted by a
16-sided polygon, 67 feet in diameter, which contains a tier of large
windows, and is covered with a slate roof rising to a central lantern.
The height is 77 feet on the side walls, and 108 feet to the top of the
lantern finial. The four main halls, extending from the inner walls of
the towers to the rotunda, are 117 feet long by 65 feet wide, their
height being 42 feet to the top of the side walls, and 56 feet to the
ridge of the roof. The courts are alx)ut 63 feet scjuare and of the
same wall height as the main halls. The ranges are all a little less than
50 feet wide. Those on the north and south sides of the building are
89 feet long, and those on the east and west sides 63 feet long, the
lesser length of the latter being due to extensions from the adjoining
pavilions. They are covered with lean-to roofs, their interior height
being 26i feet at the outer walls and 31 feet at the inner.
The several divisions of the building are clearly indicated on the
exterior by the unequal heights of the walls and roofs. A description
of these features as seen when approaching the north front will answer
for the other sides, as all are essentially alike. In the center of the
north front is the main entrance, bordered by a tall, arched frame-
work of Ohio sandstone. Above and back of the entrance are the face
and gable end of the north hall, reaching to a height of about 55 feet
above the ground, l)earing a stone plate with the inscription *■' National
Museum, 1879,'" and surniount<Hl by an allegorical group of statuary
representing Columbia as the protectress of science and industry. At
254 KEPOBT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
each side of the entrance is one of the towers above mentioned, about
27 feet square and three stories high, topped by a steep roof, with
small dormer windows toward the base. The extreme heights of the^
towers is 85^ feet to the top of the tinial.
Extending on each side from the towers to the corner pavilions arc
curtain walls, 27i feet high and 87 feet long, with seven broad, arched
windows, 8 feet 10 inches wide and 13 feet 7 inches high, the glass in
the latter being arranged in three vertical series. Between the win-
dows are narrow buttresses, uniting above in arches. The pavilions
are about 40 feet square and 36^ feet high to the eaves, the roofs being
much lower and flatter than on the towers. They are divided into
three stories, besides a basement, each lighted by eight large, arched
windows, except the upper story, which has three small windows
grouped in the center on each side. The top of each pavilion has a
large lantern skylight.
From the curtain walls the lean-to metal roof rises over the ranges
with moderate slope, and abuts against the higher walls of the courts
and main halls, both of which have a row of clerestory windows on
each side facing the ranges, those of the main halls extending back only
as far as the courts. The courts have a large square lantern, from
which the roof descends on all four sides to the level of the gutters on
the main halls. The main halls have plain hip roofs about the same
height as those of the courts, with elongate lantern skylights in the
middle. The dome of the rotunda, as before explained, rises above
all other portions of the roof, being the most conspicuous feature of
the top of the building. All the roofs are covered with slate except
those of th(». ranges, which are of tin. The slates are nailed to small
pieces of wood, fitted into small L-shaped pieces of iron, and the plas-
ter of the ceiling is laid directly upon the rough inner surface so
formed. Besides the lanterns before mentioned, a numl>er of small
skylights and ventilators have been built over some of the ranges and
courts, especially where the recently constructed galleries have inter-
fered with the lighting.
The entire framework, as well as the inner sheathing of the roofs,
are exposed to view, this plan having been followed in the interest
of econom\^ The roofs of the main halls, the rotunda, and the courts
arc supported by iron trusses of the Pratt pattern; those over the
ranges by triangular girders of rivited angle iron. In 1894 some of
the purlines in the main halls near the rotunda began to buckle and
were reenforced with angle iron. By li^OO all of the iron work over
the main halls had begun to show signs of weakness, caused by alternate
expansion and contraction, thus pioducing many leaks in the slate
covering, and the entire framework was accordingly braced and
strengtliened by means of angle ste(»l. The woodwork about the lan-
terns wns also replaced by iron, and other Improvements were made.
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 255
The inner surface of all the roofs was originally covered with a thin
coat of plaster. In the ranges the metal top was underlaid by fireproof
gratings, to which the plaster was applied. As the keying proved
insufficient or the plaster not strong enough, large pieces began to
give way at the very beginning, and to eliminate this source of danger
all the plaster was removed in the ranges, leaving the gratings uncov-
ered. After being painted, however, the appearance of the ceiling
proved not to be out of keeping with its surroundings. In one .range
the ceiling was at the same time covered with corrugated iron, leaving
an air space between it and the tin roof above, and it was thought by
the architects that this arrangement would tend to regulate the tem-
perature of the halls. Nothing further, however, has been done in
this direction.
Through failure to secure additional space by the erection of a new
building, galleries began to be added in the present building in 1896,
and their construction was continued from year to year until 1902.
They are now contained in all the halls except the north hall and the
north-east and east-north mnges, while in the south-cast range they
have been united so as to form a complete second story. The main
entnmces to the galleries are from the rotunda, and nearly the entire
series may l>e traversed without descending to the floor. The width
of the galleries is from 10 to 14 feet and their height above the floor
U) feet. The}'^ are of very simple construction, consisting of plain
iron pillars and girders, with brick archways and cement floors. The
area gained by this means has amounted to 25,.S2S s(|uare feet.
All of the masonry of the exterior walls above ground, except jus
noted })elow, is of red brick laid in black mortar, with numerous hor-
izontal courses of black brick, and a considerable quantity of buff
brick in coui*ses and designs to relieve the monotony of color. A
numl^er of blue brick were originally emi)lov(>d in connection with
the buff, but they were subse(iuently painted black. There is a base
course of granite around the entire building, but the window sills,
copings, etc., are of gi*ay Ohio sandstone.
The interior walls are plastered in a sand flnish, and were originally
covered with a grB,y water-color paint, poorly adapted as a background
for installation. The exhibition cases have been miiinlv constructed
with mahogany frames, for which maroon was found to be a most har-
monizing and effective surrounding, and since about 1888 most of the
walls have been painted this color to a height of about 12 feet from
the floor, the original color remaining for the most part above. The
onlv decorations were stenciled fii»:ures on the walls of the rotunda
and over the archways at the inner ends of the main halls. In ltM)2,
however, experiments were made looking to a change of color, with
what is regarded as very satisfactory results. The colors us(»d in the
main halls and courts are a light red to a height of 15 feet, followed
256 BEPOBT OF NATIONAL MU8EUM, 1903.
by a deep ivory, the ceilings being of a lighter ivory. In the rotunda
the colors range from olive below to ivory above, with stencil decora-
tions as shown in the plates. This color scheme has not been extended
to the ranges, which have been repainted from time to time in various
colors.
In connection with the original construction of the building, thou<,^li
under a special appropriation, a floor of encaustic tiles was laid in tlio
rotunda, and floors of marble squares of various (colors in the four
large halls or naves. The marble tiling is surrounded by a frieze of
dark-blue slate, of sufficient width to bridge the ducts containing the
steam pipes, wires, etc., while around the frieze is a border of parti-
colored Portland crement. The floors in all the other halls were con-
structed of 3^cllow pine, partly in preparation for the Garfield inaugu-
ral ball of March 4, 1881, out of the local fund for that purpose.
These floors were laid upon a concrete base and began to decay after
a very few years, requiring frequent and extensive repairs. In is^l
it became necessary to replace several of them with more substantial
material, and this continued down to 1898, when the last of the vvoodcMi
floors disappeared. The substitutes have ]>een cement, granito, and
finally terrazzo, the last l)eing the most pleasing and apparently the
most durable. Other floor changes have consisted in the laying of
mosaic pavements in the vestibules of the main entrance and the north-
west entrance. In the pavilions and towers. the different stories arc
separated by arches of brick and concrete, supported by iron beams,
the floor covering being of Florida pine. Thus the building has been
rendered essentially fireproof in all parts of its construction.
An octagonal fountain basin, 20 feet in diameter, composed of a rim
of molded polished granite and cement floor, occupies the middle of
the rotunda. From its center rises the original plaster model of the
goddess of liberty which, in bronze, surmounts the Dome of the
United States Capitol.
As l)ef()re stated, the building was constructed with four main
entrances, one at the centi»r of eac'h front, but onlv two of the.se are
now used us such, tliat on the north side being for the public and that
on th(. east side for the delivery of supplies and specimens. The
entrances on the south and west have been closed and, together with
the adjacent space, converttnl into headquarters for the departments
of biology and anthropology, respectively. There is also a small
entrance on the south side of the northwest pavilion leading directly
to the administrative otlices.
The north, or main, entrance has two sets of double doors of black
walnut paiu^JcHl with hejivy plate glass, the large arched space alwve
})eing filled in with a latticework of walnut set with glass. In front
of the entrance is a mosaic platform, bordered In' granite coping, and
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 257
a))proarhc(l by four low granite steps 37 feet long, which are flanked
by molded Ijase blocks carrying large candelabra.
The smallness of the original appropriation prevented the construc-
tion of a basement under the main building, which would have added
a large aYnount of space for stomge and workrooms. Small cellars
were built, however, under the southwest pavilion for the heating
Ijoilors and the supply of fuel and under the northwest and northeast
{Nivilions for miscellaneous storage. Advantage was taken of the
changes in the heating plant in 1901 to construct an underground tun-
nel, leading from the northwest )mvilion of the Museum building jo
the east wing of the Smithsonian building, primarily to convoy the
heating pipes, electrical conduits, etc., but of suitable dimonsious to
serve as a passageway for individuals, l>eing 70 feet long, 5 feet wide,
an<l 7 feet high. It has proved of great convenience in stormy weather,
but fills a much more important purpose at night by giving the small
watch force a ready means of comnmnication between the two buildings.
The building is exceedingly well lighted, considering its solid, one-
story construction. The ranges are amply provided with large win-
dows, the higher naves and court.s have both skylights and clerestory
windows, and the naves also receive much light from the largi* win-
dows between the central towers. The exhibition collocations can,
therefore, as a rule, be readily seen, though the galleries are responsible
for the creation of some dark places which did not formerly exist.
The lighting of the rooms in the towers and pavilions is also excellent.
The windows are practically all of the same general pattern, and in
the beginning all were glazed with double pan(\s of glass, the l)etter
tj retain the heat in winter, but about half of these double panes in
the towers and pavilions have been made single. Ventilation is pro-
vided for by means of movable panes of glass in the side windows and
lanterns, many sashes being pivoted in iron fnimes for that purpose,
and also in plac^es by ventilators in the roof.
In 1881 the Museum was presented by the Brush Electrical Company
with a number of storage cells and a dynamo suitable for operating
between 30 and 40 incandescent and l^J-candlc iK)wer lamps in the
lecture hall when evening meetings wore hold. In 181^5 the basomont
of the south tower of the Smithsonian Institution was furnished with
a gas engine and dynamo of sufficient i)ower to maintain a small system
of incandescent lamps in the Smithsonian offices and in a number of
workrooms and other dark places in both l)uil(lings. This plant was
totally inadequate for tho reciuiromonts, however, and Congress
appropriated $:^,r)<K) in 11M)1, and ^5,<M)o in ll*n2, for a complete instal-
lation of electric wires and fixtures throughout the Museum building,
which was practically finished in the latt<»r year, the work l>eing done
by employees of the Museum, This installation extends to the public
halls, offices, laboratories, storerooms, and workshops, but in the
yAT ML'9 19U3 17
258 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Smithsonian l)uilding it reaches only some of the offices and corridors,
a few storerooms, and the dark center of the main exhibition hall.
The current for lighting is taken from the mains of one of the city
companies at the southwest corner of the Museum building. On only
a few occasions has the entire Museum building been lighted at night,
and regular night opening for the public can not be undertaken without
an additional appropriation to cover the extra expense of electric
current and watchmen.
All of the cases in the exhibition halls containing especially valu-
able specimens, as in the historical and gem collections, are ?supi)licd
with electric burglar alarms. There is also a system of electric call
boxes distributed through both buildings, which must be visited every
hour during the night watches, any failure to perform this senicc
l>eing at once automaticallv announced at the office of the Mutual Dis-
trict Messenger Comimny in the city. For the prompt conduct of
business it has likewise been found necessary to make extensive use of
the telephone system for communi(*ation between offices in different
parts of the building and with the city.
The heating of the Museum building was until 1901 accomplished
by means of four 6()-horsepower steam boilers. In the latter year
tluv^e were replaced by two 15()-horsepower high-pressure tubular
boilers, whose capacity is sufficient to heat both of the large buildings
and the smaller adjacent buildings on the Mall. The boiler room is in
the basement of the southwest |mvilion. There are also two l)oilersuf
4S-horsep()wer in the basement of the Smithsonian building, which
can be used in case of em(»rgency. The new plant is very satisfactory,
and nuich more economic^il than the old one.
Soon after the Museum building wju* completed, the north- we«t rangi*
was set apart as a temponir\^ lecture hall, being furnished with a plat-
form, liintcMii screen, and several hundred folding chairs. This was
one of the smaller ranges, and proving inadequate for the requiro-
UKMits. its fittings, somewhat improved, were transferred to the west-
north range, which continued to be assigned to this purpose, though
sometimes used for the preparation of exhibit^, until the increasing
demands for exhibition space caused it to be turned over to the Deimrt-
m(»iit of Anthropology. It was found, however, piuctically essential
to have some place* for scientific meetings, and by placing material in
storage it became possible to vacate for this purpose the east-north
range, immediately to the east of the main entrance, and thus equally
as convenient as the former range. The hall I'emains in a condition
suitable, to Ix^ turned over to exhibition uses at any time, but its
fixtun\s for lecture purposes are more permanent in character than
before. The walls and ceiling have been painted in several tints of
gr(»en. There is a large speaker's platform and a lantern s(*reen, ami
on the op|x>sitc side a smaller platform or balcony, where the lantern
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 259
can be permanently inntalled. Movable armchairs are used for seats,
and a series of scrreens ace in readiness to reduce or enlarge the lecture
spjwe, according to the reciuirements. The furniture is entirely of
oak. The pre^mration of this new lecture hall was accomplished in
1901, under a special Congressional appropriation.
The three floor rooms of the cast tower south of the entnince, with
a slight addition for kitchen purposes, were utilized for a limch room
until 1901. In that year, however, the addition referred to was
extended southward to a total length of 77 feet, thus somewhat enlarg-
ing and improving the conditions, but there is no way of providing a
suitable lunch room in the present building, important as this feature
is to the employees and to such visitors as spend nuich time about the
Museum.
In connection with the plans of the building (pp. 299-302) a list is
given of the halls and bf all the rooms contained in the several towers
and pavilions, together with their sizes and an explanation of the uses
to which each is put. The exhibitions in geology and in anthropology,
except the single division of archaeology, are entirely in this building.
In biology only the mammals, reptiles, fishes, and comparative anat-
omy- are represented here, the remaining divisions being provided for
in the Smithsonian building. All of the galleries as well as the halls
were designed for exhibition purix)ses, but three or four of the former
are now used for storage, and one for the library. The administra-
tive offices and the headquarters for the three scientific departments
are in this building, as well as most of the scientific lalx)ratories.
BUILDING FOR THE ALCOHOLIC COLLECTIONS.
Professor Baird stated in his report for 1884 that—
The preeence of alcohoHc sj^ecimens in lar^i numbers, po important in a Hi*ien-
tific point of view, greatly endanj^ern the safety of museum building and their con-
tents, and most of the establishments in Europe have lately taken the precaution to
constmct separate buildings peculiarly adapted for the purpose. An application was
made at the last session of Congress for an appropriation to put up a similar build-
ing in the grounds of the Institution, but it was not acted upon favorably:
The estimate was as follows:
For the erection of a fireproof brick storage building east of the National Museum,
for receiving, unpacking, assorting, and st^)ring the natural-history colle<;tions of the
(Tovemment, to replace the wooden struc^tures now used for the purpose, $10,000.
The estimates were renewed for 1886 and 1887 in the following
terms:
For the erection of a fireproof building for st<3ring the alcoholic ('ollections of the
National Museum, $15,000.
(Note. — The safety of the interior of the National Museum and the Smithsonian
building is endangere<l by the large nrtml>er of alcoholic s|>ecimens kept therein, and
it is considered by publitt museums, lM»th at home and abroad, v(*ry im(M)rtant to
260 AEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
have a si^iiarate building for tlieir reception and preservation. There are at prewnt
no suitable accommofiations for these collections. )
In 1885 Secretary I^iird remarked that —
*
Although the present building is practically fireproof, yet should a fire be started!
in the vicinity of them? [the alcoholic] specimens it is prolmble that much damafrc
would be done by the ignition of the many thousands of gallons of alcohol, and the
destniction of the specimens and of the jars in which they are contained.
Again in 1886 he refers to the danger of the destruction not only of
the alcoholic specimens themselves, but of other near-by collections
should fire break out among the former. All of these propositions
failed to receive consideration and the matter was not renewed, as it
was then expected to make provision for the alcoholic specimens in the
proposed new Museum building.
In connection with the appropriations for 181>9, however, an esti-
mate was submitted to Congress for a large^ fireproof building to
serve essentially the same purpose, fronting on B street south, between
the National Museum and the Army Medical Museum, appropriate in
appearance to the former biulding. It was designed to be 130 feet
long by 50 feet wide, and intended to be used for both workshops and
storage purposes, thus replacing all of the temporary buildings then
in use. It failed to receive favorable action, however. The wordinjj
of the item was as follows:
For the erection of a fireproof building for workshop and storage purposes for the
National Miisenui, said building to l)e ('onstructed under the <lirection of the SuptT-
intendent of the Library of Congress in accordance with the approval of the Secretar)'
of the Smithsonian Institution, $50,000.
TEMPORARY AND RENTED BUILDINGS.
The crowded conditions in the Smithsonian and Museum buildinjjs
have necessitated the erection from time to time of small f nime struc-
tures on the Smithsonian and Armory s(iuares, and the renting of build-
ings south of B street south, for the requirements either of workshops
and storage , or of the preparation of exhibits for expositions. The
use of the Armory building and the erection of a brick laboratory have
alroadv been refornHl to.
In 18S2 a shed was built to the westward of the Armory building, a
pirt of which was used for the shelter of Fish Commission cars, and
the reniainder filled with the collections received from the permanent
exhibition building in Philadelphia. A second shed was subsequently
added for the purposes of the National Museum, but only one of these
now remains and is utilized bv the Museum.
The larg(» amount of work incident to the preparation of collections
for the exhibitions at (Cincinnati, Louisville, and New Orleans made it
necessary to put up a special f niuie building, which was done at the
expense of the exposition fund during the summer of 1884. It meas-
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 261
ured about 100 by 50 feet, and was located along B Street south, a
short distance to the east of the Museum building. It was also made
to serve for the temporary storage of the material brought back from
those exhibitions. Some small additions were made and a loft con-
structed. It remained in use until 1887, when it was torn down and
the materials of its construction were utilized elsewhere. During
more or less of the period of its existence it furnished accommodations
to the taxidermists, and osteologists, and to other preparatory, includ-
ing those of the Bureau of Ethnology. In it were also stored large
quantities of specimens, especially geological and ethnological.
In 1887 two low sheds were built along the south side of and close
to the Smithsonian building, one on each side of the south tower, and
extending nearly the entire length of each favade. They were con-
structed largely of material from the building last above mentioned,
and were both unsightly and dangerous in their proximity to the
Smithsonian building. The west shed was at first cut up into
seven workshops and storage compartments. The east shed was, for
a time, given over to living animals, but when these were removed to
the Zoological Park it was used for the storage of cases and supplies.
Both sheds were more or less employed in the prepanitiohs for the
World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago. Their removal was
effected in 1898, under the provisions of an act .of Congress giving
$2,500 for the purpose. The material derived from them was used
pirtly in building a shed at the Ninth street annex, referred to below,
and partly in the erection of the so-called south shed on the Mall
directly south of the south tower of the Smithsonian building.
The National .Zoological Park grew out of a small assemblage of
living animals gathered at the National Museum. The first part of
this collection was received from the West in 1887 and was installed
in one end of the eastern of the two sheds along the south side of the
Smithsonian. Additional specimens obtained in the early part of
1888 ma^jB it necessary to utilize the entire building for this purpose.
Later in the year yards were ('onstructed in the grounds south of the
Smithsonian building for buffalo and deer, and several small buildings
were also erected. During 1891 the living animals were transferred
to the park, and the inclosures and buildings which they had occupied
were all removed except the eastern shed and one small shed farther
out on the grounds which was modified into a paint shop.
In the winter of 1889-90 the first of the frame buildings now con-
stituting the Astrophysical Observatory was erected south of the
eastern end of the Smithsonian building. It wna subsequently slightly
enlarged, and three other smaller structures were added in 1893 and
1898. The fence inclosing this cluster of buildings has recently been
enlarged to afford some open-air space for experimental purposes, the
extent of the area now covered l^eing about 176 b}" 78 feet.
262 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
In 181^8 a frame building of two stories, called the " south shed/- wju«
built on the grounds south of the south tower of the Smithsonian
building, being separated from it by the roadway and a strip of lawn.
It is about 53 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 23 feet high to the eaves. It
contains the taxidermists' laboratories for mammals and various work-
shops.
The only structures now standing on the Mall near the Smithsonian
and Museum buildings are the laboratory and stable building, the south
shed, and the buildings of the Astrophysical Observatory. This clear-
ing of the grounds, however, has only been rendered possible through
the appropriation of funds by Congress for the renting of outside
buildings, chiefly south of B street south, and not far distant from the
Museum, as follows:
Louisiana avenue near Tenth street NW., from March 15, 1894, to
June 30, 1895, a period of fifteenth months and sixteen days, at $75 a
month.
A part of the old Belt Line street-car stable, comer of B and Third
streets SW., from July 1, 1895, to March 31, 1896, nine months, at
$75 a month.
No. 431 Ninth street SW., from April 1 to June 30, 1896, three
months, at $75 a month; from July 1, 1896, to date, at $166.66 a month,
the increase being due to extensive improvements in buildings.
No. 217 Seventh street SW., August, 1898, at $90 a month; Septem-
ber 1, 1898, to June 30, 1899, ten months, at $120 a month; July 1,
1899, to date, at $90 a month.
No. 313 Tenth street SW., August 1, 1898, to June 30, 1901, thirty-
live months, at $50 a month; July 1, 1901, to date, at $S0 a month.
The increased rental in this case was due to the erection of an addition
to the original building.
Rear of No. 915 Virginia avenue SW., August 1, 1898, to June 30,
1899, eleven months, at $50 a month; July 1, 1899, to date, at $30 a
month.
The total amounts paid annually for rental of the above buildings
were, therefore, as follows:
1894 $263.71
1894-95 900. 00
1 8* )5-$M ) 900. 00
189(M)7 1,999.92
1897-98 l,99t).92
1898-^M) 4.389,92
18<H)- UKX) 4, 0:{9. 92
1900-UK)1 4,039.92
liK)l-2 4,399.92
l902-:{ 4,399.92
Total 27,333.15
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 263
The tempoitiry buildiiigH on the Mall and the rented buildings now
used for the purposes of the Museum, together with the floor area
<KM'upied in- each, are as follows:
Square feet.
Natural liistory laboratory and Htable, on Smithsonian grounds, bird taxider-
iniirtH on second floor 616
South shed, on Smithsonian grounds south of Smithsonian building, mammal
taxidermists, 1,060 square feet; tin shop, 3401 1, 400
Frame shed adjoining building of U. S. Fish Commission on Armor>' square,
for storage, as follows: Anthropology, 5,562 square feet; biology, 1,318
fliiuare feet; geology, 193 square feet 7, 073
MuHeum Annex at 431 Ninth street SW., consisting of one brick building and
peveral frame sheds. Rented. Used for 8tr)rage, as follows: Anthropology,
(>,500 square feet; biology, 3,742 square fwt; giM)l<>gy, 3,456 square feet;
HU{)erintenden(*e and miscellaneous, 7,431 8(inare feet 21, 129
BuiMing 309-313 Tenth street SW. Rente<l. Utilized for storage and otlier
puri>OHes, as follows: AnthroiM)logy, 1,102 wjuare feet; biology, 922 square
feet; geology, 3,053 sijuare feet; label office, 729 square feet; heating and
power plant, 620 S(]uare feet 6, 406
Building at 217 Seventh street SW. Rented. Utilized aa a carpenter shop,
:iy'iS7 square feet, and anthroiK>l()gical workroom, 268 wjuare feet 3, 656
Building in rear of 915 Virginia avenue SW. Rented. Utilized as a |)aint
and glass shop 2, 925
Total area 43 203
NEW NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDING.
HISTORY.
In his report for 188!i Secretary Baird discussed the inadequacy of
the Museum building, then scarcely more, than a year old, to house the
rapidly increasing national collections or to provide for the Museum^s
own activities and those of the Geological Survey, the latter at that
time being partly carried on under the same roof. It was proposed
that a third building be erected on the southwest corner of the Smith-
sonian reservation for the geological and mineralogical divisions of the
Museum and for the accommodation of the, (leological Survey. Sec-
retary Baird's remarks on this subject were as follows:
Lai>^e and capaciouu ao in the new Museum building, it has ))roveil already inade-
quate to the existing requirements of the National Museum. This building was
designed primarily to aoi^omnuKlate the vast number of industrial and economical
exhibits presented to the United States by foreign governments at the close of the
Philadel))hia fiXposition of 1K70. A sj>e(!ial appropriation was made byC'ongrc^ss for
their transfer to Washington, and the anuory building in the sfjuare l)etween Sixth
and Seventh streets was assigned for their reception. It recjuireil nearly sixty large-
size<l freight cars to transport the mass.
Before the liuilding was completed in 1881 and available for its ])ur}K)se8, almost
equally enormous additions had been made to the collections of the various (Jovern-
ment expeditions and of the Ethnological Bureau, which, together with many thou-
samls of objects previously in charge of the Smithsonian Institution, but for which
then WM no room in the old building, constituted a much larger mass than was
264 REPORT OF NATIONAL lIUESUM, lOa^.
originally estimated. It is well known that at the close of .the Centennial Exposi-
tion a company was organized to take charge of a large portion of the collections
exhibited on that occasion, and with these and such additional artii-Ies as mtglit
be obtained to establish what was known as the '^Permanent Exhibition " in the
main Centennial building, which covers nearly 18 acres. This organization, after
struggling for existence for several years, finally became unable to continue the effort
and the collections in its charge were speedily scattered. Many of these ha<l been
presented to the National Museum with the understanding that they were irt l)e left
with the Permanent Exhibition Company for a periotl of at least a few years. Others,
however, including many of the most valuable series, were obtained for the National
Museum through the efforts of Mr. Thomas Donaldson. All these coUei^tions were
carefully packe<l under his charge and stored in a building erected by him adjacent
to the Centennial building.
An apprc^priation was made by Congress to meet the <*08t of pac^king, shipping to
Washington, and storing tlie collections in question. About twenty cars were
required to transport them. They art* now contained in a wcxwlen building ailjactMit
to the armory, fhere l>eing absolutely no space for them in the National Mu.seum.
In addition to this a t^binet of at least double the magnitude, made by the Insti-
tute of Mining Engineers and dejwsited with the Pennsylvania Art Museum of Phil-
adelphia, has l)i'en offered to the Government simply on the condition of transfer to
Washington and proper exhibition. This is an extremely important tx>llei*tion, illu-
strating the mining rei^ounres and metallurgy of the United Stat*»8 and foreign coun-
tries, ami will constitute a most im|)ortant addition to the means of instruction at the
command of the (lovernment. An appropriation will l)e askeil, and it is IiojhhI
obtained, for the i)urpose of transferring the collection to Washington; but s(^>nn'
measures must l)e taken for its ultimate disj)lay.
An even greater mass of a<lditional material to l)e provided for will be found in thr
imiustrial collections of the Unite<l States census of 1880, and in the collec'tions of the
U. S. Geological Survey. Tlu* census collections embrace more particularly the
building stones of the country, the ores (esj^eeially of the precious metals), the com-
bustibles, su(;h as coal, petroleum, etc., and the forest timber.
All these collections are of great magnitude, rej)resenting as nearly as possible a
full series from all parts of the <'ountry. They are carefully labeled and recorde<l,
and will l)e accompanied by full descriptions.
The building-stone collection is esi)e(;ially valuable, consisting, as it does, of many
thousands of samples of marble, granite, samlstone, and other substances, for the
most part dressed in 4-inch cubes, each of the faces showing a different surface and
treatment.
It is not believed that any establishe<l quarry remains unrepresented in this series,
while many extremely valuable deposits of ornamental and building stones are pre-
sente<l therein for the first time. Preparations are in progress for testing the strength,
re^sistance to torsion and crushing force, and economical properties of all these sam-
ples. The collection is now so far advanced that when a public building is to Iv
erected either ])y the States or the General <iovernment it will be possible to sliow
s)KH'imens of all the In'st building stones in the vicinity of the locality involveil, and
to }»resent all the neces.sary data Jis to availability, durability, cost of production, etc.
Much use has already Ikh'u iriade of the collet'tion by the commissioners of State caj)-
itals, county c(mrt-houses, etc., as well as by agents of the General Government.
The collection of ori's made by the census agencies is also very extensive, that of
iron being particularly large. Nearly every iron mine of any pronunence in the
United States has been visited and samj)les carefully selected by experts. These
have In^en analyzed under the <lirection of Professor Pum|>elly, and reports presenteil
as to their chemical and metallurgical proi)erties and economical value. AH the
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 265
ori^inal8 of this researeh are in charge of the Smithsonian Institution awaiting exhi-
bition. The same may \)e said of similar researches in regard to the ores of all the
other metalH.
The work of the U. S. Geological Survey, also of enormous niagnitude — begun
under Mr. Clarence King and continued under Maj. J. W. Powell — has resulted in
the accumulation of several tons ol specimens of fossils, rocks, minerals, ores, and
the like. Very few of these can at present 1h» exhibittMl for want of the necessary
spaiv. Tlie survey requires a large number of expt»rts and assistants, and is at pres-
ent very Iraully accommodated. Soine twenty n)oms in the new Museum building
have l)een assignefl as quarters for the Director of the Survey and his assistants.
This, however, causes great inconvenience to the other work of the Museum, and
as the survey now occupies a large building in Washington, for which it pays con-
siderable rt»ntal, and for want of <|uarters in Washington is obliged to scatter its
stations over various parts of the United States, it is thought desirable to ask Con-
gretss for an appropriation to erect a sefr*m< I museum Imilding corresponding in general
chanu'ter to the first, but on the opposite side of the square, along the line of Twelfth
stret»t.
This buiUUng it is propose<l to devote almost entirely to the mineral department
of the Nati<mal Museum; and when coinpleteil to transfer to it everything of a giH)log-
ieal and mineralogical natun*, and also to prepare a |x>rtion of it especially for the
a('eomniodati(»n of the Cieological Survey, which is at j)resent so inconveniently pro-
vide<l for. By way of economy it is proposeil at first to c<mstnict what will repre-
sent the western side of the building, in which ottice rooms and chemical and other
lal>orat<»ries can lx» providwl for.
It had lx?en propose<l to erect a separate building for the Geological Survey, dis-
connectinl from the National Museum; but there Innng no ground uvailal)le for this
purpose, it was thought expedient to ask for an appropriation to furnish the required
«|uart<»rs on the Smithsonian reservation, which is at prt»sent ample for the purpa«o.
On the 10th of April last the following bill was acconlingly intriKluceil into the
House of Representatives and referretl to the C-ommittiKJon Public Buildings and
(i rounds. The subject is still before that conunittee, and it is inqjossible to state
what will be its fate during the present session. I would recommend action on the
]»art of the Board of Regents in this connection, since long l)efore thci e<liti(!e can Ik»
complete<l the neetl for it will l)ecome extremely urgent.
•*A BILL (H. R. No. 6781 )for the erection o( a fireproof building on the soutli portion of the Smith-
Hcmian reservation, for the aeeommodation of the United States Geological Survey, and for other
purposes.
** -Be it eiiactedy ci-c. That the sum of two hundred thousand dollars be, and hereby
is, appropriatetl, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for
the erection of a fireproof building on the south portion of the Smithsonian reserva-
tion for the accommodation of the United States Geological Survey, and for other
purposes: Provided^ That the consent of the Rt^gents of the Smithsonian Institution
1)6 first obtaineil thereto, and that the building l»e under their direction when com-
plete<l: And provided further^ That the building l)e erected by the Architect of the
Capitol, in accordance with plans approveil by the Director of the United States
< Geological Survey, the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and the Architect
of the Capitol acting as a Ixmrd therefor."
At the annual meeting of the Board of Regents on January 17,
1883, Secretary Baird presented the report from which the above
extract is taken, called attention to House hill 5781, introduced in
April, 1882, and urged the necessity for speedy action in relation to
266 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
an additional building for the use of the Museum and the Geological
Survey, whereupon the following resolution was adopted:
Rfaolvedj That the Bi>anl of Regents of the 8inithBonian Institution recommend Ui
Congress U> enlarge tlie National Museum, so as proi)erly to exhibit the mineral,
geological, and other <rollections already on hand and increasing each year, l)y the
ere<*tion of a fireproof building on the southwent comer of the Smithsonian re:<erva-
tion, similar in style to the present N tional Museum; and they request an appro-
priation of $300,000 therefor, to be expended under the direction of the Regents of
the Institution.
It was also resolved —
Thatthe (chancellor, (leneral Sherman, and the Secretary be, and they are hereby,
authurizeil and emi>owered to act fo and in the name of the Boanl of Regents in
tarrying into effe<*t the provisiouri of any act of Congress which may be fiassed pn>-
viding for the enaction of an additional building for the Nat'onal Musemn.
Further strong reasons for the erection of an additional building
were given in the report of Secretary Baird for 1883, in which he
says:
No better illustration t«n l)e had of the increase in the collections of the National
Museum than the fact that an additional building is urgently require<l for their
proi)er accommodation, as explained in the last report (1882).
In 1875 the (M)llections then in charge of the Smithsonian Institution were comfort-
ably accommo<latcd within tht» limits of the Smithsonian building, in rooms having'
an aggregate area of 80, OCX) wiuare feet. They consisted principally of specimens of
natural history and ethnology; confincnl almost entirely to North Amerii^, with tlu'
exception (jf objects of Polynesian mannfactun», forming jmrt of the Wilkes collec-
tion.
In 1875 an appropriation was ma4le by Congress to enable the Smitlisonian Insti-
tution and the Fish ComniisHion to prej)are an exhibit of objin-.ta illustrating the
resources of the United States, as <lerive<l from the animal and mineral kingdoms,
and, with the m^sistanc-e of a si)e('ial aj)propriation to the Indian Bureau, ot a collec-
tion of North American anthroi)ology. A large sum of money was expended in the
preparation of this exhibit, which was forwardecl to Philadelphia in 1876, and <.H)n-
stituted a part of the (Jovermuent display which attra(!ted nmch attention.
At the clone of thf Philadelphia exhibition very large donations were made to the
United State,^ by foreign countries, including lM>th the official commissitmers an«l
individual exliibitorn. Many objects of much interest were contributeil on the same
occasion from American displays. The>*e collections, filling some fifty freight cars,
were brought to Wasliingtoti and were stored for a time in the Armory Building,
assigne<l by Congress for their reception.
After w»veral fruitless efforts, an ai)propriation of $25(),00l) was obtained for the
purpose ^ii putting up an inexpensive edifice for t!ie storage of these articles, and
their transfer was begun in the autumn of IS81, but little more than two years ago.
Since then large nuinlnTs of collections of very great importance have come to
hand, trhief among them being the gatherings of the U. S. Geological Survey and of
the Ethnological Bureau, made on a scale of unexampletl magnitude and well
lx.'litting the <>pe rat ions of a nation like the United States. The many scientific
ex])lorati()ns, made either separately by the Smithsonian Institution or conjointly
with the United States Signal Service or other l)ureaus or Ixxlies, the work of the
Fisli Connnission, an<l the enormous iiggregate of many smaller collections, have
tendeil largely to increase the material to be provided for.
NATIONAL MirSEFM — BUILDTNOft. 267
In addition to thia, the extiibition }>>' the Uniteil Statt^s at London of illuRtrations
oi itH fisheries (the freight l>ulk of which amounted to not \esn than 24,000 cubic feet^
and consistinf;, in very large part, of new obje(;t8 and articles obtained at the
i*xi)enfie of the appropriations of Congress for that purpose) must also l)e jirovided
for; as also the ver>' valuable and oxt<^'nsive (^Ilcctions in mineralogy, geology, and
metallurgy made by the American Institute of Mining Engineers, and prt>sented to
the UnitcHl States, but stored in Philadelphia awaiting an appropriation for its
transfer.
It may be stated in brief, therefore, that, at the present time, the vast building,
finished scarcely more than two years ago, is now filled to overflowing; while there
hi aiUlitional material enough on hand belonging to the Cvovemment to occupy fully
half of a second building of the same size, and with a probability that the entire
s{)ace will Ik» re(|uired lK»fon» the construction can In* a<!t^mplishe<l, even supposing
that it is lK>gun at the earliest possible time.
The Smithscmian Institution has always acted in hi^rty cooperation witli the affili-
ated scientific branches of the Government even where no official relationship
existed, this l)eing notably the cast^ in reganl to the IT. S. Geological Survey. This
important Bureau, in the rapid increase of its work, has been greatly hampered by
want of the necessary accomnuxlations; and it was with nmch gratification that the
Institution proffereil a share of the new building to the Dirt»ctor, Major Powell, for
the accommo<lati(m of his collections, and for the offiire and lalK)rator>' work. It
was, however, unable to do as much as was desirable, owuig to the inadequacy of
quarters for the purpi>se.
Should an appropriation be made for the new building, for which the Board
authorize<l application toCongn^ss, it is intended toslmre it with the Geological Sur-
vey sc» that it may have all the facilities required for its imix)rtant work.
It will Ixj rememben*d that Congress in the act of 184t» set aside for the use of the
Smithsonian Institution 20 acres in the southwest corner of the 8(]uare bounded by
S«*vi»nth and Twelfth streets and north and south B stret^ts, the center of the Smith-
sonian building Ix'ing exactly in the middle of the square. It was in the southeast
quarter of this reservation that the new Museum building was ertn'ted, forming a
very unsymmetrical annex to the original Smithsonian building. It is now proposed
to take the southwest corner of the rt«ervatiou for the new edifi<rt», which, when
completed, will Ikj essentially of the genend character of the present Miisinmi build-
ng, and will restore the proiHjr architectural balance.
Congress has now bei»n aske<l to make an appropriation for one wing of this new
building to be specially fitted for the use of the ofiicers and laboratories of the
National Museum and of the (ieological Survey; and, if the amount van Ik* obtaintHl
at the present s(»ssi(m, occupation of the building c^n l)e assurtMl within eighteen
months from the commencement of ojierations. The vacating of the rooms now
occupied by the Geological Survey will also furnish nuKth-needed ac(;ommo<lation to
the Museum; jMjsHibly enough until the remainder of the building can be provitled
for. The j)roi)osetl wing, however, will In^ coin))lete in itself, architettturally, and
will not involve any addition for its proper haniionious effcH't.
The followinj^ estimate, Imscd ui)on tlie iHH'oinnicndation to Congress
filHJve referred to, was submitted in 1S83 for consideration with the
appropriation hills for 1885, hut failed to he re{H)rted to either House:
Construction, in a fireproof manner, of an additional musinuu building, to rec^eive
the collections and lal)orat<3ries in chemistry, geology, mineralogy, metallurgy, taxi-
dermy, etc; and for the offices and lalH>ratories of the U. S. (ieological Survey,
to be erected umfer the direction and su{H'rvision of the liegents of the Smithsonian
Institution, on the southwest comer of the groumls of the Smithsonian Institution,
t2oo,ooa.
268 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 19a3.
From 1882 until the present time the iwjcessity for a new building
has never ceased to be the subject of greater*or less attention In' the
Regents and the Secretary. In 1885, after noting the previous steps
taken, Professor Baird remarket!:
Tlie need is now much greater than before, as there is enoiigli material in the way
of vahiable speeimens of economical interent to fill a second building the size of \hv
present one. This unexhibiteil surplus is now stored in several buildings, 8<")nie in
Washington and some elsewhere, and consists of important illustrations of the econom-
ical geology, metallurgy, and other resources of the Unitetl States. In addition to
what has been on hand for some time, ver>' large collections were presente<l to the
Government at the New Orleans exhibition, which embraced a great deal of intrinsic
value as well as of popular and scientific interest. It is earnestly to l)e ho|)e<l that
this requirement will be met by Congress by the speedy appropriation of an amount
suitable for the purpose.
In 1886 Secretary Baird stated that as special provision was desired
for laboratories and offices, and to give suitable quarters to the U. S.
Geological Survey and the Bureau of Ethnology, an estimate had l)een
made of the sum of $250,000 for the purpose of constructing one wing
and pavilion of the new building, leaving the remainder to be con-
structed hereafter, should Congress so approve it, at a cost of, per-
haps, an additional $25(),00(). This estimate, submitted in 1886 for
the sundry civil bill for 1888, varied but slightly in wording from the
estimate of 1883. It received no consideitition by Congress and was
as follows:
For commencing the construction, in a fireproof manner, of an additional muaeuni
building to receive the collections and laboratories in t'hemistry, geology, mineralogy,
metallurgy, taxidenuy, etc., and for offices and lalM>ratories of theU. S. Geologiral
Survey, to l>e ertvted under the dirt»ction and su|x»rvision of the Regents of the
Smithsonian Institution on the southwest section of the grounds of the Smithsonian
Institution, $250,000.
The following extract is from the Museum report of the same 3"ear,
by Doctor (ioode:
The National Museuni is now approaching an important crisis in its history. lx»
future will depend upon the action of Cougress in granting it an ailditional building,
for without more room its growth can not but \ye in large degree arrested. From
this time forwanl it will be iiiijM)ssible to develop the collections satisfactorily with-
out additional space. The laboratories and workshops are alreatly entirely inade-
quate^ for the storage of the unexhibited coUet^tions and the accommmlation of the
prepanitors and mechanics, and the exhibition halls do not affon.1 suitable op{K)r-
tunity for the <lisplay of the materials already in order for public examination.
At the iinnual meeting of the Board of Regents on January 11, 1888,
the first leld after the appointment of the present Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution, Mr. Langley brought to the attention of the
Regents tlie necessity of contiiuiing the eH'orts toward securing an
additional museum building, and spoke of the legislatioti previously
proposed. The Board renewed its recommendation to Congress of
January 17, 1883, and discussed the matter of providing quarters for
KATIONAL MITSEUM BFILDING8. 269
the Geolopcal Survey in the new building, pursuant to the wording
of House bill No. 5781, presented to Congress in 18S1, and of the
.^veral estimates subsequently submitted. The chancellor stated as
his opinion —
That it was desirable that new museum build inpj should l)e erected in any irase,
Init that simte by at't of Congress a certain j)art of the public grounds had l)een set
apart and appropriate<i absolutely and exclusively to the Smithsonian Institution,
he for one did not want to see anything else place<l on these grounds.
He further said:
If the Smithsonian Institution is to grow, it will noe<l them all, and whatever is put
upon them should be under our excilusive control. .
The following extract from the report of Secretary Langlcy for
1888 has reference to this subject:
Among other nmtters discussed at the last meeting of the Rt»gents was the erection
of a new Museum building. On this occasion the Rt^gents tacitly reaftirmed their
re«olution of 1888, recommending to Congress the enlargement of the National
Museum by the enaction of a fireproof building on thc^ southwest corner of the
Smithsonian reservation, similar in style to the pn^ent National Museum; but on
viewing the sketch plans, which had been prepared snl>se<iuently to the resolution,
so as to include offices for the (Geological Survey, they a«lded an expression of their
opinion that the new building should l>e planne<l excliL^ively for Museum purjwses.
It was not at first intended to take action in this matter during the present year,
but the oven^rowdeil condition of the building, on account of which not only the
current work but the proper development of the collections is greatly im])eded,
seemwlto render imme<liate action necessary. A still more urgent need appeare<l to
Ikj the unsatisfactory sanitary ccmdition of the new Museum building. A commit-
tee, c(msisting of Dr. J. II. Kidder, chairman, Dr. James M. Flint, V. S. Navy, and
Mr. J. E. Watkins, was appointed on April 14, to make a careful study of the water
supply, ventilation, and drainage, and in May submitted a preliminary report, from
which it appeare<l that an alarming amount of sickneKvand mortality has been mani-
fi*st among the employes since 1881 — a mortality which can not l>e attril)uted to the
hx'Ation of the building, which has sometimes l^een pronounced unsanitary, since
there has l>een no corresponding jvercentage of ill health in the old Smithsonian
buihling adjoining. The number of days lost by employt^es on account of sickness in
1886 was 796; in 1887, 875; and in 1888, up to May 10, 2i:^, by far the largest part of
this loss of time being attributed on the lx>ok8 of the Museum to miasmatic diseases.
The committee states that there is no reasonable doubt that some, if not all, of the
ten deaths since 1881 were hastened or induced by the unwholesome condition of this
building. The committee suggeste<l repairs and modifications of considerable extent,
including the constniction of continuous cellars under each of the four sides of the
building, which, in addition to the other necessary expenses, would cost in the neigh-
liorliood of $40,000. This state of affairs seemed to demand decided action, and it
l>eing absolutely impossible to make any changes in the present building without
entirely vacating a portion of it for a considerable pericxl of time, the exigency for
more accommodation seemed a great deal more urgent than had been at first
supposed.
While it became evident, on study of the question, that for the ultimate needs of
the Museum, a building of but one story, occupying the same area as the present
Museum, would be insufficient, the question of imme<^iiate action was unexpectedly
brought up in May by one of the senior Begents, a member of Ihe Senate, who, when
270 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
viBitin)? the MiiBeiim with Home frieniln, notii^ed ita crowded and utiHaiisfactory con-
dition. Having learned from me of the mortality and sic.kneflH of the eniployees, he
inquiriHi as to the feasibility of erecting a new building, an<l offered to use his influ-
ence to procure? an appropriation, if I could obtain for him a set of skeU'h plans
within a week, time l^eing, as he stated, a very essential condition. After consulting;
with the chairman of your executive (^mmittee, I had n<» hesitation in accepting
such an offer, but a difficulty an^ne from the fact that the sketc^h plans which had
l)een laid before the Regents in 1882 were in i>art for purposes which the K^^nt^^had
at their last meeting di8approve<l, and that hence they could not l>e used. By gn'at
diiigem^e, however, plans for a building to be devot<Hi exclusively to Museum pur-
poses were prepare<l within the time mentioned. These were based upon an exten-
sive accumulation of notes and <lrawings, embodying the re(!ord of the l>est reit»nt
work of museum construction in this country and in Europe, and they were for a
building, as faraswaa(!(msistentwith these improvements, like the existing Museum.
The rej>ort submitted by Senator Morrill, to accompany Senate bill 3KW, nmtains
the corresjwndence on which action was taken, and I have discussed the acts therein
presented elsewhere under the proper heads.
The following bill was introdmre^l bv Senator Morrill on June 12, was luissf'ii by
the Senate on June 20, and at the end of the fiscal year was in the hands of the
House Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds:
••A BILL for the erertlon of an ndditional fireproof buildiiiK for lh« iise of the National Mnsuum.
**/it' U enacted hj the Scmde and Iloiineof RejtreHviitntii'eHof the Vnital Statettitf AmiTini
in Co7t{preJ!w n^wemhledf That the sum of five hundre<l thousand dollars is hereby
appropriated, out of any money in the Tn?asury not otherwise* appr(»priated, or s<i
much thereof as may l)e nec<»s8ary, for the erection of a fireproof buihling for the usp
of the National Museum, to cover three hundred foc»t square, and to consist of two
stories and basement, to Xk*. erecteil under the dirtn'tion of the Regents of the Smitli-
soniati Institution, in ac(;or(lance with the plans now on file with the Committee on
Public Buildings and Gnmnds of the Senate, on the southwestern [portion of \\\v
grounds of the Smithsonian Institution. Said building to be placed west of the
Smithsonian Institution, leaving a roadway between it and the latter of not loss
than forty feet, with the north front on a line with the south face of the buihling of
the Agricultural De])artment and of the Smithsonian Institution; and all expendi-
tures for tin* ])urpose herein mentione<l shall l)e audited by the proper officers of the
Trea.Mnry Department."
Tlie building, as proj>ostHl, covers tin* same area as the pre^scnt Museum, and is of
the Han»e gtMieral style, ho far tis is consistent with the introduction of a second story,
thu^^ affording nearly three times as much accommodation under the same area of
roof as the building nr)w in use. The arrangement of the interior of the propose<l
new structure is, however, considerably modified, as the result of the ex|>eriemx; of
seven years' occupation of the present building. The eighteen exhibition halls on
the two main floors are completely isolatiMl from eat^h other, and are capable of sul>-
divisi(»n into smaller halls. The lighting will \k> e<]ually as good as in the present
building, the ventilation will be much better, and in other important respects the
sanitary arrangements will l>e far more satisfactory.
A l)aseinent story is absolutely necessary, not only with a view to promoting the
comfort and health of visitors and employees, as well as for securing greater dryness
and Ix'tti r preservation of the specimens, but also for the purpose of providing lai^
apartments for storerooms and work8hoj)s. These proposed improvements in
arrangement will not, however, interfen* with the possibility of constructing a build-
ing which shall conform in the essential points of exterior proportion with the main
features of the present building.
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 271
The present building cx>ntainfl about 80,000 square feet of floor space available for
exhibition and storage. The building proposed will contain about 220,000 square
feet. The amount of room for offices and laboratories would be about the same in
each. The net area in the new building available for exhibition, storage, and office
rooms, as estimated, would be between five and six acres.
For the iHjnstnu^tion of the present Museum building an appropriation of $250,000
w^as made. This sum was supplemented by the following special ap^opriations:
$25,000 for steam-heating apparatus, $26,000 for marble floors, $12,500 for water an<l
gas fixtures anct electrical apparatus, and $1,900 for s^iecial sewer connections. The
total amount expcnde<1 on this building was therefore $315,400, and it is generally
admitted that the cost of its construction was considerablv less than that of anv
other similar building in existence; in fact, perhax)8 too cheap to secure the truest
economy.
The projKJseii structure can 1h^ erecte<l at a pro|)ortionately smaller cost. I have
obtained from responsible bidders, who are willing to give bonds for the completion
of the work in acconlance with the bids which they have submitted, estimates for
the ere(!tion of the building complete, with steam-heating apparatus and all other
essential appliances, excepting the electrical equipment, amounting in the aggregate
to $473,000. Thest^ ])ids, U|M>n which the estimates of cost have been made, were
not competitive, and it is i>o8sible that Honicthing may be saved through competi-
tion. It is, however, necessary to prf>vide also for the architect's superintendence,
and for the removal and reconstruction of tlie Smithsonian stable, which now oc»cu-
pii'H the site. I therefore think it advisable to make re<iuest for the sum of $500,000,
in onler that these additional items and other contingencies may U^ covered.
The plans, though <lrawn in the limited time inipowd, n^pn^sent the results of an
exhanstive study — which has exten<led over s<»veral years— of plans of the l)est
modem museum buildings in Kurope and America, ne^irly all of which have been
personally insx)ect*»<l by officers of the Smithsonian Institution.
Senate bill No. 8134, a})ove (|iiote<l, when presented to the Senate
on June 12, 1888, was aeeonipanied by a favorable report from the
Senate Committee on Public Buildings and (irounds (No. 158J)), and
contained two letters fi*om Secretary Ijimgley, dated June 2 and 8,
1888. The fonuer referred mainly to the plans for the proposed
building, the latter to the collections and needs of the Museum. On
June 21, an effort was made to have this bill attached to the sundry
civil bill, an amendment to that effect being proposed by Senator
Morrill, but no progress was gained b}^ this action, and the bill went
over to the next session.
On January 17, 1880, Senator Morrill again submitted the measure
as an amendment to the sundry civil bill for ISIH), and it was referred
to the Committee on Appropriations, but no motion was taken. In his
report for the same 3^ear Secretary Langley shows the in<!reased
necessity for additional space, in that (V)ngress at its previous session
had granted the Armory building to the F'ish Commission its its head-
quarters, requiring the Museum to remove therefrom all but a few of
its preparators workrooms.
On December 10, 1HS8, and December li), 1889, l)ills were intro-
duced in both houses o^ Congress for the erection of a fireproof
building for the U. S. (ieological Survey ind(»pendently of the National
272 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Museum, on the south side of the Mall between the Museum building
and that of the Army Medical Museum, the amount requested for the
purpose var^nng in the several bills and amendments thereto from
$300,000 to $800,0CH). Both of these measures failed to pass. The
report of the House Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds,
submitted February It), 1889, contains a letter from the Director of
the Survey, from which the following extracts, interesting in this
connection, are taken:
In addition to the nwms in the rented [Hooe] building, through the courtesy of
the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution the Surx^ey is permitted to une twenty-
two rooms in the National Museum, and these are all crowded in such manner that
work is seriously obstructed. The rooms in the National Museum were temporarily
given U) the Survey at a time when there was no pressing necessity for their iL«e )>y
the oflBcers of the Museum; but at the present time the entire Museum is so crowded
that the Secretary of the Smithsonian and the Director of the Museum are anxioiw
to have these rooms surrendered for their use. * ♦ *
The building planneil does not provide for museum space. The statutes now i>rr)-
vide that the collections of the Geological Survey, when no longer neede<l for
investigations in progress, shall l)e depositeii in the National Musemn. The i>lan
contemplated in the bill before your committee provides that the building for the
Geological Survey shall Ije near to the National Maseum — lietween that building and
the Army Medical Museum building. Such an arrangement of buildings will 1h»
highly advantageous to the Survey, as the offices of the Survey would be adjaa'iit
to the National Museum, and the materials stored in the Museum building would Ik*
accessible for reference and comparison, as constantly needed. *
In his annual report for 1890, Assistant Secretary George Brown
Goode, in charge of the Museum, made the following statements
regarding the necessity for a new building:
The necessity for additional room is (constantly increasing, and several of the wl-
lections, to wit, transportation and engineering, fishes, reptiles, birds* eggs, niol-
lusks, inst^cts, marine invertebrates, vertebrate and invertebrate fossils, fossil and
recent plants, are in some instances wholly unprovided for, and in others only in a
very inadecjuate degree.
In the main hall of the Smithsonian building is still exhibited the (*oHe<!tion of
birds. A few cases containing birds' eggs and shells have recently been arranged
along the center of this hall.
Eleven of the departments in the National Museum have no space assigrned to
them in the Museum building, solely on account of its crowded condition. The col-
lection of prehistoric; anthropological objects remains installed on the second floor
of the Smithsonian building. The collections of the remaining ten department}^
can not Ik* exhibite<l or even proi)erly arranged and classified without more room.
These collections are at present store^l in the attics and basements of the Smiths*)-
nian and Armory buildings, and are inacces.sible for study and for the other purpose.**
for which they were obtaineil. The Hj)ecimenH comprising these collections are not
simply objects of natural history, iwssessing an abstract interest to the student, but
represent the application of natural objects to the industries, and, as such, are of
great imiK)rtance. There are several collections of ores, minerals, building stones,
and of objects representing various art*? and in<lustries, which are of very great value,
since they furnish to the American manufacturer and designer information of inesti-
mable importance. .
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 273
Tlie increase in the national (collections dnring the last ei^ht years may perliaps
be best described by the statement that in 1882 the total num]:)er of specimens
recorded in the Museum was alx>ut 183,000; while in 1890 the records indicated the
possession of nearly 3,000,000 specimens. It is proper to say in this connection that
the actual increase was not ho great as shown by the records, since during this period
a large amount of material previously received had been brought under control and
placed on the books of the Museum. It should also be ])orne in mind that the pres-
ent Museum building was planned with reference to the reception of the material in
its custody at the time of its constniction.
During the Fifty-first Congress the question of a new building was
frequently under discussion, but without result. On February 19,
1890, Senator Morrill, from the Committee on Public Buildings and
Grounds, reported Senate bill No. 2740, which provided:
That for an additional fireproof ])uilding for the U8e of the National Museum, .'^00
fc^t wpiare, with two Htories and a basement, t^) be erected under the direction of
the Architect of the Capitol, with the approval of the Regents of the Smithsonian
Institution, in accordance with plans now on tile with the Committee on Public
Buildings an<l Grounds, on tht; southwestern portion of the grounds of the Smith-
sonian Institution, there shall l)e api)n>priate<l, out of any moneys in the Treasury
not otherwis-e appropriated, the sum of $50(),0(^); said building to l)e place<l west of
the Smithsonian Institution, leaving a roadway Inttween it and the latter of not less
than 50 feet, with its north front on a line with the south face of the Agricultural
Department and of the Smithsonian Institution, and constructed as far as practicable,
after proper a<ivertisement, ])y contract or contracts awarded to the lowest responsi-
ble bidder, and all expenditures for the purposes herein mentioned shall 1k» audited
by the proi)er officers of the Treasury Department.
On April, 9, 1890, the same bill was submitted to the House and
referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and (t rounds. These
bills were again brought up in the second session of the sanio Congress,
in the House on January 9, 1S91 (where it was connnitted to the Com-
mittee of the Whole), and in the Senate on February 9, 1S91, as an
amendment to the sundry civil bill for 1S92. The House bill, differ-
ing somewhat in wording from the Senate bill, was as follows:
That for an additional fireproof buiMing for the use of the Xational Museum, JiOO
feet square, with two stories and a basement, to l)e erected l)y the Supervising Archi-
tect of the Treasury, under the dire<!tion of the Regents of the Smithwmian Institu-
tion, in general accordance with plans now on file with the (/oinmittee on Public
Buildings and Grounds, on the southwestern portion of the groun<is of the Smithso-
nian Institution, there shall be appropriate<l, out of any moneys in the Treasury not
otherwise appropriated, the sum of |viOO,(X)0; said buiMing to Ih' plac^e<l west of the
Smithsonian Institution, with its north fnmt on a line with the north front of the
present Museum building, and constructed as far as practica])le, after ])roi)er adver-
tisement, by contract or contracts awanled to the lowest responsible bidder, and all
expenditures for the pur|K>se8 herein mentione<l shall )h? audited ])y the proper
officers of the Treasury Department.
Letters in support of the measure were transmitted to Congress by
Secretary Langley, and some arguments were presented on the floor.
NAT MUS 1903 18
274 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
The report to the Senate Committee on Public Buildings and Groundi-
by Secretary Langley, dated January 21, 1890, was mainly as follows:
I send you herewith a set of sketch plans intendeti to show, in a general way, the
extent and charat^ter of a ])uilding such as would seem to be nec^easary for the aivoiii-
nioiiation of the Museum collet'tions in the present and immediate future, and respect-
fully request for them your attention and a recommendation to Congjeas of the
necessary means for such a building.
These plans and sketches are provisional, Imt although not pre8eute<l in detail they
represent the results of studies, extending over many years, of the plans of the \)esi
modern museum buildings in Europe and America, nearly all of which have been
inspected by officers of the Smithsonian Institution.
The proiK>8(Hl building covers the same area as that iinisheil in 1881. It is iutendeil
to cr>nsist of two .stories and a basement, except in the central portion, which consists
of one lofty hall open from the main floor to the roof, the height of which will U'
9() feet, galleries l)eing place<l on the level of the se<x)nd floor in other j>arts of the
building. Its interior arrangements are, as you will see, different from those in the
actual Museum, all the changes having l)een planned in the light of the ex|)erieiK*e
of nine years* occupation of the present building. It will affortl l)etween two and
three times as much available space for exhibition and storage under the same area
of roof. The lift<vn exhibition halls art^ i-ompletely isolate*! from eaidi other, and
may readily ])e sulnlivided, when necessary, into smaller rooms. The light will l)e
as goo<l as in the old building, and the ventilation iK»rhai)s still better. The sanitary
arrangements have been carefully considere<l.
The necessity f<»r a basement is especially great. In this, plat^ has l>een provided
for many storage rooms and workshops. The existence of a basement will promote
the (!omfort and health of visitors .ind employt»es, and by increasing the dryness ni
the air in the exhibition halls will secure the ])etter preservation of the (H»llections.
These propose*! changes in the internal arrangements will not interfere with v*m-
formity with the other pointw of the i>resent Museum building in the essential
features of exterior proportion. The total capacity of this prescMit building in avail-
able Hoor space is about 1()(),()(K) square feet; that of the new Imilding somewhat
exceeds 2(H),(X)(). The present Museum Imilding contains al)out 80,000 feet of floor
space available for exhibition. That proiM>se<l will c(mtain alx>at 103,300 square feet
for exhibition. The s])ace devoted to offices and lal)oratorie8 would not l>e much
more, but the area available for exhibition halls, storage rooms, and workshops far
greater. The approj»riation for the construction of the present building was $250,000.
The estimate's of cost on this Iniihling vary greatly with regard to details of con-
struction on which I <lo not here enter further than to say that the whole should Iw
absolutely firepro()f throughout, and in view of the further great variation of the
cost of bniMing materials within the past two years, I am not prepared to state the
sum which would l)e necessary for its comj)leti()n. It is certain, however, that
$o()0,(HK), if not siitlii'ient to comjdete it, would 1h' all that would be recjuire<l to 1k»
expended during' the jjresent year, and I woidd respeirtfully represent the desirability
of an aj>pro])riation of this amount for the purpos<» in question.
Yourattenti(m is directe<l to certain facts in regard t^) the character of the mate-
rials for the a<'conimodati(»n of which this buihling is <lesire<l. The collecti<ms of
the Smithsonian Institution and of the (ioveniment are especially rich in collections
of natural history, which may l)e groujx'd in three general classes: The zoological
collections, the botanical collections, and the geological collections, including not
only all the geological and mineralogical material, but the greater portion of that
l)elonging to paleontology, the study of fossil animals and plants forming an essential
part of modern geological work.
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 275
Besidef^ the natural history coUei'tions, there are ecjually important anthropological
collections which illustrate the history of mankind at all periods and in every land,
antl which serve to explain the development of all human arts and industries. In
everything that relates to the primitive inhahitants of North America, F/skimo as
well as Indian, these collections are hy far the richest in the world, and with the
necessary amount of exhihition space the material on hand will he arranged in a
manner which will produce the most impressive and magnificent effect, the educa-
tional importance of which can not he overestimated. Again there are collections
of considerahle extent which illustrate the processes and jjroducts of the various arts
and industries, as well as what are termed the historical collections, which are of
esi>ecial interest to a very large numl)er of the visitors to the Museum on account of
the associations of the objects exhibited with the personal history of representative
men or with important events in the history of America.
The collections illustrating the arts and the art industries are relatively small, and
although in themselves of great interest and value, not to be compared in importance
with those in natural history and ethnology.
In a letter addressed on June 7, 1888, to the Hon. Justin S. Morrill, an<l which
will l)e found in a rej^ort of June 12 of the same year from the Senates Ojmmittee on
Public Buildings and Grounds, I made a statement of the nipidity of the recent growth
of the Museum, mentioning that in the five years from 1882 to 1887 the nnm])er of speci-
mens in the collection have multipliinl no less than sixteen times, and endeavored
to give an id€»a, though perhaps an inadequate one, of the extent to w^hich the
pressure for want of space was felt. The evil has grown rapidly worse, and, as I
have had occasion to mention, it has l)een felt in the last year in a partial arrest of
the growth of the collections, which emphasizes the demand for more room. The
present Museum building is not large enough even for the natural history collections
alone, a numl)er of which are without any exhibition space whatever. 'The propostMl
building will afford accomnuxlations for the ethnological an<l technological material
already on hand and for a large part of the natural history material also. The collec-
tions are still increasing, and the number of specimens, as estimated, is now not far
from 3,000,000.
Unless more space is soon provided the development of the (lovemnient collec-
tions will of necessity be almost completely arrested.
8o long as there was room for storage, collections not immediately reijuired could
be received and ]iacked away for future use. This can not longer be done.
The Armory building, since 1877 assigned to the MiLseum for storage and work-
shops, is now entirely occupied by the V. S. Fish Conmiission, with the exception
of four rooms, and by some of the Museum taxidermists, who are now working in
very contracted space, and whom it is impossible to accommodate elsewhere.
Increased space in the exhibition halls is needed, the educational value of the col-
lections being 8t»riously diminished by the present crowdeil system of installation.
Still more necessary, however, is room for storage, for rearranging the great reserve
collections, for eliminating duplicate material for distribution to college and school
museums, and for the use of the taxidermists and preparators engaged in preparing
objects for exhibition. Space is also require<l for the proi)er handling of the costly
outfit of the museum cases and appliances for installation, of which there is always a
considerable amount temporarily out of use or in pr<H-ess of construction.
In summarizing what has just been said, it nmy Ix? state<l in general terms that the
amount of space already requireil for exhibition purposes alone, being 207,500 feet
as against 100,675 now occupied, and this being exclusive of the 108,900 scjuare fei*t
neede^i for other objects, the accumulations have now reache<l such a i)oint of con-
gestion that the actual space needs to he doubled, even indei)endently of future
276 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
increase; and J In^g to rejKiat that, unlesH more space is pmvided, the development
of the Government collection, which is already partly arrested, will }ye sAnvyei com-
pletely stopiKMl.
The hill was passed hy the Senate as a separate measure on April 5,
1S90, and as an amendment to the sundry civil bill for 1891 on July
19. In the House no action was secured, though the bill was favor-
ably reported l)y the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds.
The (question of placing a basement story under the existing Museum
)>uilding, which had been under consideration at this time and was
referred to the Architect of the Capitol, was reported upon to the
House, under date of March 3, 1890, as follows:
Architj*xt'8 Office, United States CAriTi>L,
Wdskingtmiy D. ('., Feffruan/ ;?S, 1890.
Sir: In compliance with the requirements of the act providing for the sundry civil
exi»enseflof the Government, approved March 2, 1889, 1 have exaniiueil the National
Museum, and have estiniatM the cost of constructing the Ijasement story under that
huildiug.
It is thought that the only i>ortion of the basement available for workslio])*) and
suitable for storage would ])e a cellar running around the outer walls of the build-
ing and extending inwards 30 feet, so that the rooms thus obtained may have light
and air.
These rcK)ms should ])e roofed with brick arches supporteil by in>n l:>eanis. Pro-
vision is nia<ie in the acconii»anying estimate to floor with tiles the entire room?
under which these basements come, in ]>art, as the present wooden floors of these
rooms are now in bad condition and will soon be unfit for use.
estimate.
Excavating 6,220 yards of tiarth, at $1 $6, 220
rnderpinning front walls, 672 jwrches, at f57 4, 704
Stone masonry, inner walls, 1,248 j)erches, at $6 7, 488
Fireproof flooring (including colunms), 1,866 yards, at $5.50 10, 261^
Marble tiling, 30,400 superficial feet, at 75 cents 22, 800
Fifty-six windows, at 1525 1, 200
Removing and replacing pij)es and sewers 3, 000
Removing old floors 300
Concrete floors in cellars, 1,866 yards, at 90 cents 1, 680
Total 57, 67.1
I will say that l)y reason of the sewer, steam, an<l gas pii)es running under the
])resent floors the work of constructing these basement rooms, though prairticable,
will be extremelv difti(nilt.
I l)eg to say that T am of the opinion that a site for a storehouse and for work-
shoi>s requirtnl may be purchased in the neighlx>rhood of the Museum and a fire-
proof building erecle<l thereon with a capacity as great as these proposed basement
rooms for a sum less than will be necessarv to construct this basement.
Very respectfully,
Edward Clark,
Architect United States Capitol.
The Si'EAKEK OK THE lloi'SE OF KeI'RESKNTATIVKS.
N ACTIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 277
On January 28, 1891, in view of the possibility of the passage b\
Congress of a bill for a new building, the Regents —
Rewlvedy That the executive committee of the Boanl of Regent*, or a majority
thereof, ami tlie Secretary he, and they are herehy, authorizeil and empowere<l to
act for and in the name of the Board of Rt^ents in carrying into effe(!t the provisionn
of any wi of Congress that may l)e passed providing for tlie erection of a new build-
ing for tlie Unite<l States National Museum.
In the Fifty-second Congress a bill identical with that submitted at
the beginning of the previous Congress passed the Senate on April 14,
1892, but in the House it went no further than the Committee on
Public Buildings and Grounds. In the Fifty-third Congress the same
measure was again introduced, but failed of action.
In all the reports of the Secretar}^ from 1892 down, attention was
called to this ever-pressing subject. The exhibition space in both
buildings was overfilled. Small specimens could be crowded in here
and there, but extensive changes meant that old collections must be
sent to storage for the benefit of something more important or of a
better class of preparations. Extra storerooms and workrooms were
imperative, but they could only be provided by renting outside quar-
ters, with the full understanding that such stnictures were unsafe, and
that collections to the value of hundreds of thousands of dollars might
any day be destroyed through the merest accident. Year after year
the extent and value of the material thus unsafel}' housed has been
rapidly increasing, and the conditions prevailing have also influenced
disadvantageousl}^ many owners of valuable and rare specimens, the
donation or loan of which could easily have ]>oen effected were there a
safe place for their instiillation. It is known that the Museum has
been deprived of many large and important accessions from this cause
alone.
These circumstances have been explained time and again, but while
the arguments presented have excited much interest and have secured
the influence of strong and devoted friends, they have never, until
within the past two years, obtained the recognition they merit.
The building of galleries in the Museum building, begun in 1897,
has aflTorded slight relief, but the total extent of these additions has
increased but little the former area of the two ])uildings, and in no
wa3' lessened the need of a new one.
In the Fifty-fourth Congress Senator Morrill made his final effort
toward securing the appropriation so nmcli desired by introducing in
the Senate, on l)ecem})er 10, 1895, ])ill No. 69<S, which differed but
.slightly in wording from former measures, except that the cost was
reduced from $5()0,(X)0 to $250,000. It was as follows:
That for an additional firepnx)f Ijuilding for the use of the National Museum, 300
feet square, with two ntories and a Iwisenient, t>o l>eertH!teii undt*r the diret^tion of the
278 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 19a3.
An^hikvt of tlie Capitol, with the approval of the RegeutH of the Sinithsonian Insti-
tution, in harmony with the present National Museum bailding, on the southwestern
portion of the grounds of the Smithsonian Institution, there shall be appropriated,
out of any moneys in the Trc^asury not otherwise appropriate<l, the sum of $250,000;
sai<l building to l)e plated west of the Smithsonian Institution, leaving a roadway
l)etween it and the latter of not less than 50 feet, with its north front on a line
with the south fiice of the Agricuiltural Department and of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion, and constructeil, as far as prai^tioable, after ])roix»r advertisement, l)y eontract
or eontnu!tH approved by the Secretary of the Treasury and awardtnl to the lowest
re.s|)onsible bidder; and all expenditures for the purpose herein mentioneil shall lie
audited by the proj)er officers of the Treasury Department.
This bill wa.s referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and
Grounds, but on February 27 following Senator Morrill reported an
amendment, which consisted in substituting for the "Architect of the
Capitor- the name of iiernard R. Green to have direction of the con-
struction. It was submitted b\' the committee on March 23, 181>0,
with a reix)rt (No. 540), consisting of material supplied b}- Secretary
Langley and Assistant Secretary Goode. The following, by Mr.
Langley, is extracted from his rei)ort for 1895:
In my last annual Btat^^nent 1 pointed out three conditions which are operating to
seriouBly n»tard the growth of the National Museum: First, the lack of space for the
iiiHtiillaticm of objects which should l>e place<l on exhibition; second, the unsyin-
metrical growth of the collection; and, third, the fact that the storage of colletrtioni"
in the woo<len sIuhJs south of the Smithsonian building, as well as in the basement
of the building itself, is most undesirable and dangerous. The sum of $900, allowed
for 1S9(), will be necessarily ex|)ended in the rental of shop and storage room in'
place of the "Armory building." The actually dangen>us wooden sheds must there-
fore remain occupied until a sum of money is provi<led which will enable me to
discontinue their use altogether by renting other cjuarters removed entirely from
proximity to the Smithsonian building.
The problem of even ]»roviding shelter of any kind for the vast amount of material
daily receiveii from persons interested in the growth and work of the Museum slill
remains unsolvc^l. The Institution is placed in an embarrassing ]>osition. It has
lH»en designated by law as the oidy depository of colleirtions offered to or made
under the auspices of the (Jovermnent, and can not, under the law, refuse to receive
them. The fact remains, however, that when accepte<l there is no suitable plaiv in
whi<!h tr> stoH' tlieuj, and no space in the Museum building to exhibit such of the
objects as should projH'rly hv shown to the public. As I have alreaily ])ointiHl out,
there is probably no muHeum in the world in which so small a proportion of the
objects worthy of exhibition is visible to the jmblic, or in which theobjtH!tM exhibiteil
are crow<led together so closely. It is now more true than ever that if another
museum building as large as the ])resent one were i)rovide<l it could Ix* at once filled
with specimens already on hand.
Following an* sonu* of the more important parts of Mr. Goode's
statement:
The Smithsonian Institution is the custoilian of the National Museum, which is
the only lawful place of dejMjsit of "all objcM-ts of art and of foreign and curious
research, and all objects of natural history, plants, and geological and mineralogical
specimens belonging t^> the Tnited Stat<^s." The nu(;leus of the collections con-
sists of the specimens brought home by the \Vilkt»s and other explorinij; expedi-
NATIONAL MTTSEITM — BPILDING8. 279
lions, bat for many years the Museum was supported entirely at the expense of the
Smithsonian fund, and a considerable portion of the collections is the property of the
Institution.
Professor Huxley defines a museum as **a consultative library of objects." The
National Museum is such a consultative library, and it is a great deal more. It is an
a^ncy for the instruction of the people of the whole country, and it keeps in mind
the neecls of f^ersons whose lives are not (xjcupied in the study of science, as well as
those of the professional investigator and teacher.
Its Ijenefits are extendeii without cost or reserve to hundreds of thousands of
visitors from all parts of the Uniteil States who pass through its doors each year.
It is also accessory to public e<lucation through the distribution of the duplicate
specimens in the Museum, which are made up into sets, accurately named, and
given to public institutions in all parts of the country.
The history of the Museum is divided into three fwriods: First, that from the
foundation of the Smithsonian Institution to 1857, during which time specimens
were t^ollected purely and .solely to serve as materials for research, no s|K»cial effort,
having l>een made to publicly exhibit them or to utilize them except as a foundation
for scientific description and theory. SiH'ond, the i>eri(Kl from 1857, when the Insti-
tution assumed the custody of the "National C-abinet of Curio.sities,*' to 187H. Dur-
ing this j^eriod the Museum l)t»came a pla4re of de|)osit for scientific material which
had already been studie<l, this material, so far as practicable, being exhibited to the
public, and thus made to serve an inluttational purjM^se. Thinl, the present period,
beginning in the year 1876, during which the Museum has entered upon a career of
active work in gathering collections and exhibiting them on atrcount of their educa-
tional value.
During the first period the main object of the Museum was si'ientific research; in
the second the establishment Imcaine a museum of record as well as of research;
while in the third periotl there is growing up also the idea of publi(! education.
The three ideas, record, research, and education, cooperative and mutually helpful
as they are, are essential to the development of every great umseuni. The National
Museum endeavors to promote them all.
It is a museum of record, in which are preserved the material f >undations of an
enormous amount of scientific knowledge, the tyi>esof numerous past investigations.
This is especially the case with those materials that have served as a foundation for
the reports upon the resources of the United States.
It is a museum of research, which aims to make its contents serve in the highest
degree as a stimulus to inquiry and a foundation for s<;ientific investigation. Research
is necessary in order to identify and group the objects in the most philosophical and
instructive relations, and its officers are therefore selected for their ability as investi-
gators as well as their trustworthiness as (uistodians.
It is an educational museum, through its policy of illustrating by specimens every
kind of natural object and every manifestation of human thought and activity, of
displaying descriptive lal>els adapte<l to the jxjpular min<l, and of distributing its
publications and its named series of duplicates.
The collections are installed in i>art in the Smithsonian building and in part in
the large building adjacent, covering 2 J acres of ground, which was erected in 1881
to afford temporary accommodations for the overflow until such time as an a<iequate
new building could \je constructed.
The intrinsic value of such collections as the'st^ can not well be expressetl in figures.
There are single specimens worth hundreds, others worth thousands, of dollars, and
still others which are unique and priceless. Many series of specimens which owe
their value to their completeness and to the labor which has been expended on them
can not be replaced at any price. The collections at a forced sale would realize
280 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
more than has been expended on them, and a fair appraisal of their value woald
amount to several millions of dollars.
In the direct purchase of specimens but little money has been sjient, less, perhape,
in fifty years than either France, England, Germany, or Austria expends in a single
year on similar objects. The entire Museum is the outgrowth of Government expe-
ditions and ex|x>Hition8. and of the gifts prompted by the generosity of the American
people.
If there were more space it would be possible to devote a special hall to the col-
lections illustrating the life of the races of the Far North — the Eskimos and their kin.
A large hall might be filled with the wonderful groups of models of the ra(!e«of man-
kind, and particularly of the different tribes of the North American Indians, cloth«»<l
in their characteristic costumes and engaged in the arts and occupations j>eculiar to
each. These groups are recognized in Europe as having no equal, an<l are now ten»-
l)orarily place<l in the lecture room and in various out-of-the-way comers where
their effect and usefulness are largely lost. No other museum in the worhl has such
rich material in this Held, but at present only a small number of exhibition cases can
be devoted to them and the remainder of the material is stowed away in drawers
and packing boxes.
The magnificent mounte<l groups of the larger animals of America, unsurpasseil by
anything of the kind in the world, are now so crowded together in the midst of other
collections that they are warcely visible, and some of them are packed away. The
great fossil vertebrate animals of North America, of which there is a magnificent
series. A considerable iK)rtion of this collection is now stored in the basement of the
museum at Yale College for lack of room to receive it here, although it is much
needed by the geologists* of the (geological Survey for purposes of study.
Another hall is needed which might well be devoted to economic geology, illus-
trating the wonderful material wealth of our country and its utilization; and still
another is needed to illustrate the material resources of the countrv, classified bv
States. With the j^resent accommodations the materials and ores of each State are
confined to one or two small cases. A hall of proper extent, arranged upon this
geographical plan, would be one of the most impressive displays of the kind to l)e
seen anywhere in the world.
The building devoted especially to the Museum was erected after the Centennial
Exhibition in Philadel])hia as a temporary accommo<lation for the collections given
to the United States by the foreign governments and private exhibitors represented
on that occasion. It i.s the che4ij)e8t public building of a permanent character ever
erecte<l, having cost only $2.25 a square foot of floor space available for exhibition.
The nuiseuni buildings in Central Park, New York, have cost from $30 to $40 a
square foot.
The building in Wa.«hingt^n ha.« nerved a good purpose, but is deficient in one of
the most important particulars; it has no cellars whatever, and very little provision
for workshops and laboratories. In consequence of this it has been necessary to use
all kinds of devices f(»r storing' material which ciin not be exhibited in the exhibition
halls in the bases un<ler the exhibition cases, in small recesses, so ingeniously con-
trived that their pre.*«ence is not HU8i)ected. It hiis l)een necessary to do this, but the
result has been to still further increiise the crowded condition.
.Another disagreeable rcHult i.s that much noisy work has to be done in the Museum
halls in spaces shut off from the public by screens, and that when preparations for
exhibitions or unpacking are going on, not only are a i)ortion of the collections
closed to the public, but there is a constant and unpleasant noise of hammers.
A temporary relief was secured some ye^irs ago by placing the great herbarium,
one of the most iniportiuit collections of American plants in the world, in the cus-
tody of the Agri(!ultural Department; but last year the Secretary of Agriculture
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 281
found himself unable to longer give these collections house room; and since the
building in which they were kept is not fireproof, and the destruction of the collec-
tion would be an incalculable loss to science, there was nothing to do but to receive
this, and up to the present time a considerable portion of the collection still remains
in danger of destruction by fire, at the Department of Agriculture. There is also a
large amount of other material which ought to be arranged for public exhibition in
a fireproof building which is now in the inflammable wooden structure adjoining the
I)ei»artment of Agricultun*, and which the Secretary is desirous of transferring, if
Aci'ommodation can be found for it.
All the collecrtions of the (Geological Survey are store<l in this building, and a con-
siderable numl>er of the scientific experts employed by the Survey have office room
and accommodations to enable them to study in the Museum building. These
accommodations have become absolutely inadequate, and there is no more room to
receive the collections which the Director of the Survey deems absolutely necessary
to have here in Washingtcm in connection with his investigations of the material
wealth of the country.
The crowde<l condition of the exhibition halls has been dwelt u{)on, but that of the
storage rooms is still more congeste<l. In the basement of the old Smithsonian
building, in its towers, and in various small rooms alx)ut the new building, there is
a space equivalent to perhaps 200,000 cubic feet, crowded to its utmost capacity with
boxed material. This material is all carefully recorde<l, and the l<xation and con-
tents of every box is definitely tixed, ko that when necessary any desired object can
be referred to; but satisfactory use of the collections is impossible. In one basement
room, for instance, re crowded 50,000 skins of binls, and 50,000 in an adjacent gal-
lery, altogether twelve times as many as art^ shown in the exhibition hall. So
closely are they crowded that it is impossible even to rearrange them, and their
study is attendeil with great clithculty. It is desired to separate from among these
the duplicates for distribution to the (colleges and 8<'hools throughout the country,
and an attempt has l>een made t^> accomplish this, but it has l)een found practically
impossible.
The great collection of alcoholic fishes (the result in part of the explorations of the
Fish Commission), the most extensive in America, and one of the most extensive
in the world, is stored in two basement rooms and only ac<»essible with the greatest
difficulty. Furthermore, the crowding of such a mass of alcoholic material in a
small space is very dangerous, and in case of fire would lead to disastrous results.
Properly equipped museums, like the British Museum in Ix)nclon, have a special
fireproof building for collections of this kind, separate from other buildings, and
provided with special devices for the prevention of fire.
In addition to the storage within the fireproof buildings there are a number of
sheds whoee capacity is roughly estimated at 170,000 cubi(! feet, which art^ packed
with valuable material, and in which most of the workshops are placed. Two of
these are immediately south of the Smithsonian building, another at the southeast
comer of the Museum building, two others to the southwest of the old Annory build-
ing, and another, temporarily hired, halfway between the Museum and the Capitol.
Until 1888 two floors of the old Armory building wen^ used for the storage of Museum
material. It then became necessary to give up one floor to accommo<late the increas-
ing necessities of the Fish Commission, and in 1894 to give it up entirely to the Com-
mission. At that time an appropriation was made to rent storage rooms in the city.
Suitable storage rooms can not be rented; we have had to move twice and are now
l)eing forced to a thinl move. These moves are destructive and exi>ensive.
The two sheds adjoining the Armory building are getting old and some of the
timbers are rotting away. They can not be repaired l>i»cause there is no place to put
the material they contain whiles the work is l)eing done, and they are so crowded
that temporary readjustments for this purpose are not possible.
282 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
All of the wooden storage shetin an* in constant danger from destruction by fire.
This is a matter espcH-aally serious in connection with two long sheds near the Smith-
sonian building. In his report to the Regents, presented to Congress in 1K94, Secre-
tary Langley nia<le an earnent ap{)eal for rvVieA in the following words:
'* I have the uKsuranee of experts that a fire communicated to these rooms would
sweep through the entire length of the building, and although the building it^U Ls
fireproof as against any ordinary danger, it may well Imj doubted whether any of the
colle<'tionH therein exhibitcnl can l)e regarded as safe if the rooms immediately >>elow
nhould Ih) exiH)stHl to so peculiarly severe a conflagration as would be caused by the
ignition of these large quantities of inflammable material. Besides this, these wootien
sheds, which (as I have already intimated) are used not only for storerooms, but for
workshops, for the preservation of spe(!imens, and also as sheds for the carpenters,
are likewise liable to cause serious losses should a fire ])e kindle<i in any of them,
and all of thc»se, I rejieat, are immeiliately under the windows of the Smithsonian
buihling.
** In a report recently submitted by one of the inspectors of the Association of Fire
Underwriters, in response to ;i retjuest from me for a statement as to what insurance
rat4»s would l>e fixed upon the sheds in question, the Smithsonian building is referred
to as an undesirable risk, owing solely to the presence of all this inflammable mate-
rial underneath and in the adjoining sheds, on which latter insurance can not l)e
place<l for less than 5v4() per $1,000. This is, I am informed, nearly ten times the
rate whit'h would be charged on an onlinary warehouse. The chief danger, how-
ever, is not to the sheds themselves or their contents, but to the a^ljoining collec-
tions, which, without reference to their scientific interest but merely to their intrinsic
value, repn^i^ent a very large sum of money.*'
The result of all this crowding and lack of facility for work is that w^hat is accom-
plished for public inlucation by the Museum requires unnecessary and unusual effort,
and that the fullest results are not realizini from the appropriations which are ma<1e
for this branch of the i)ublic service.
Another result is that the value of the colkn^tions, the property of the nation, is
not increasing as rapidly as it would otherwise do. The amount of valuable mate-
rial presented and be<iueatluMl to the Museum is not as great as it seemed likely to
l)e a few years ago. Nothing which is offere<l is refused, but the authorities of the
Museum do not feel at liberty to ask for gifts when they can not assure the givers
that they can l)e suitably caretl for; and pi»rsons having collections to give, being
awan» of the lack of roon», naturally prefer to place their gifts in institutions where
there is room to receive them.
Notwithstanding these hindrances to the Museum's progress, the increment from
legitimate sources, especially from the various De|>artments of the Government,
which are require<l by law to dep<3sit their a<*cuniulations here, was during the year
1895 al)out 127,000 si)e<'inien8. In 1S94 the accessions were more numerous, the
total exceeding 171,000. This large increase wa.s in part at least due to the fact that
a large number of collertions were ac«|uinHl at the close of the World's Fair in
Chicago. These were almost without exception collections which had been pre-
pared by foreign exhibitors with the Smith.«onian Institution in mind as the ultimate
place of deposit.
It would have l)een ])ossible to have obtained an immense number of specimens
on this occai^ion, but it was deemed proper to refrain from efforts in this direction,
not only l)eciinse of the considerations just referred to but also on account of the
desire of the })eople of Cliiciigo to retain such objects in their own city as a begin-
ning toward a great civic museum which might serve as a permanent memorial of
the World's Columbian Exposition. It hm* always l)een the policy of the Smith-
sonian Institution to encourage the development of such institutions throughout the
United States, and to assist in develoi)ing them, and on this acix)unt many proffers
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 283
of Bpecimens were declined, with the retx>ininendation that they be offered to the
Chit«go museum, and, ho far as it was possible to do ho, the attention of exhibitors
who had collet^tions to dispose of was directed toward that institution.
A census of the numl)er of specimens now contained in the various departments
of the Museum shows that the total is about 3,500,000, almost all of which have
been acquired by gift, in exchange for other specimens, or as an equivalent for
publications.
On April 14, 1896, Senator Morrill proposed his bill (Senate No.
G98 as amended) as an amendment to the sundry' civil bill for 1897,
and it was referred to the Conmiittee on Appropriations. He spoke
upon the measure in the Senate on April 10, prefacing his remarks as
follows:
Mr. President, when the Smithsonian Institution, designed for "the increase and
diffusion of knowledge among men," was put into practical oi)eration, it was discov-
ere<l that a national museum wouUl Ik* a large contributor to the great purpose of
the foun<ler, and that the nation was destitute of such an institution. The Smith-
sonian building accordingly early began to l)e temporarily crowded with many gifts
and objects of rare value, and Hul)se<iuently a separate building for a museum was
found to be indispensable. Patronized as was this collateral enterprise^ of the Smith-
sonian by the Government, through many of its Executive Departments, and gui<led
by the Smithsonian Institution in a scientific and educational direction, as well as in
the practical diffusion of knowledge, it was sure to Injcome an ini]>ortant but inex-
pensive institution of publicr education, with a constantly increiwing collecticm of
ini{X)rtant materials worthy to l)e intrusted to the custody of a national musi'um,
where they might l)e forever preserved and thus increase^ in value with every
su<*ceeding generation.
Ilis closing words were significant and prophetic:
The mlditional building now earnestly sought will Ix^ e<iual to the preservation
and exhibition of a very large amount of a<'cunmlated material now unhappily
8tore<i away, and will also j)rovide some 8])ace for future accumulations that should
not longer Ik* negU»i*ted.
The agents of great nmseums abroad are reported to l)e regularly employed here,
with authority to purchase' any American curios and antiquities, and in some <lirec-
tions they are suppost^l to have already obtaine<l iK^tter Hi>et!imenH for exhibition
than have been left for us U) find.
The New Worl<l, of which the United States form?* so important a part, in its
prairies and mountains, hills and forests, with their extensive minerals, rocks an<l
marbles, lakes and rivers, with the animals, game, birds, and fish, the story of the
prehistoric ratv, the legends of the Indian triln's, as well as the notable m<Miern
history and life of the i>resent inhabitants, all seem to have distinctive features of
their own which lK»l<mg almost exclusively to the western half of the glolw dis-
covered by Columbus. This va.st and com])aratively ungathered continental liel<l,
with its alK)unding American treasures, should Ik* harvested by our National MustMim
and not surrendered to the uiore diligent foreign explorers to a<lorn and enrich only
Kun>pean museums.
As long as it shall Ik; conducted by the Smithsonian Institution its broatl non-
partisan reputation as a national mustnnn of tlu^ highest chara<'ter will not Ik* likely
ever to lie disputed or impeairhe<l.
While this additional building, with its a<lditional story and cellar, will more than
double the (!apacity of the present museum, it is probable as the years go by that it
will be necessary to keep step with the research, progress, and reconl of the Ameri-
can people, and as early as 1926, when our (xipulation will Ix* not less than 140,()0(),000,
284 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
it may beexpecte<l tliat another and grander building in the rear of the Smithsonian,
facdiig on wuth B street and connecting the two wings, will be required to mark and
illustrate the age.
On April 25, 1896, in the absence of Senator Morrill, Senator Georj^i-
Gniy, also a Smithsonian Regent, moved the amendment to the sundry
civil hill, sa>nng in support of the measure that — .
The Senator from Vermont is one of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution.
I also have the honor to 1h» one of that Ixxly, and I know something in that way of
the necessities for the building provided for in this amendment. There is a large
amount of exceedingly valuable scientific material which is housed there in temporar)-
\i'oo<len .she<l8, exposed to the jieril of conflagration, and which would entail if it wen*
dentroyed incalculable loss, not only upon the Government of the United Stales, but
upijn the scientific world. There are matters there now thus insecurely housed that
could not Ik* replaced. We all know what a credit the Smithsonian Institution is to
the country and to the science of tbe country. There is no department of the Gov-
ernment that is better conducte<l, more conscientiously administered in all of iti»
branches, an<l from which then* an* so many benefits, direct and indirect, diffusing
themselves among all the people of the country.
The amendment was then agreed to by the Senate, but the House
disagreed, and on May 21 the Senate receded from its amendment.
Although the bill was again introduced in the Senate at the beginning
of the second session of the Fifty-fourth Congress (January 28, 1897),
the subject obtained no further consideration.
In LS97 several expedients were suggested for the relief of the
national collections, none of which had relation to the contemplated
new building. In January of that year inquiries made by the Houne
Connnittee on Appropriations were replied to by Secretary Langley
as follows:
i have delayed this reply till I could consult a trustworthy architect as to whether
the walls of the Museum buildinjj would ))ear the a^lditional strain if other stories
were adde<l. It appears to be his opinion that the cost of enlarging the present
structure by a<lditional heijjfht would not l)e warrante<l by the result, and that the
piin in exhibition s])ace would l>e largely offset by its loss below from the interfer-
eni!e with li^ht.
Ah regards your inquiry about the building known as the Army Medical Museum,
I have to say that thi.s in located at tl»e comer of Seventh and B streeets southwest,
and covers about 21,(K)() square feet of ground. The center building on B street is
112 feet in length and 54 feet H inches in width, exclusive of ornamental and other
projections. It has a basement, and is three full storii^s in height. A fourth story
is over the main (intrance on H street. The structure is flanked l>y two wings on
eacb side, 60 by 131 feet, with biisement. The heights of the stories are as follow**:
Ha.'iement, 11 feet; first story, 15 feet; secon<l story, center building, 14 feet, wings,
32 feet; third story, center building, 13 feet; fourth story, center building, extends
to the roof. The total floor space, if the floor were complett»d at the thinl story,
would be nearly 90,000 s<|uare feet, including the biisement, and though all the
building as now arranginl is not adapted to muscnnn exhibition purposes, it (X)uld
he use<l so as to ])e a very great helj).
At a meeting of the Regents on January 27, 1897, the Secretary
announced that he had betMi asked by the Joint Committee on the
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 285
Library what the National Museum had which would serve todecomto
the new Library building, whereupon it wan resolved —
Tliat in the opinion of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution it will
not be expedient or wise to interfere with the integrity of the National Museum by
lending, for the decoration of the Library building, any of the articles or property
now in its care.
At a subsequent meeting of the Board, February 1, on the sugges-
tion of Dr. Charles D. Walcott, in his capacity as Director of the
U. S. Geological Survey, it was resolved —
That the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution look with favor upon
the proposition to establish a museum of practical and industrial geology in the
neighborhood of the National Museum.
It has, however, since been arranged that this special feature shall
remain a part of the National Museum.
In his report for 1808, as Acting Assistant Secretary in charge of
the National Museum, Doctor Walcott discussed as follows the neces-
sity for a new building:
The present National Museum building was erected with the view of covering the
laiigest amount of space with the least outlay of money. In this respect it may be
considered a success. It is, in fac^t, scarcely more than the shadow of such a massive,
dignified, and well-finished building as should be the home of the great national
collections. There is nee<led at once a spacious, absolutely fireproof building of
several stories, constructeti of durable materials, well lighted, modern in (H|nipment
and on such a plan that it can l)e adde<l U) as occ^on demands in the future. A
site for such a building is already owned by the (lovenmient; only the building
needs to l)e providtnl for. What the C'apitol building is to the nation, the Library
building to the National Library, the Smithsonian building to the Smithsonian
Institution, the new museum building should \ye to the National Museum. * * *
The growth of the U. S. National Musuem was rapid under the successful charge
of the late Dr. G. Brown Goode. When the character of the building and the funds
available for its maintenance are considered, it compares favorably with any modem
museum. It has received large collections from the scientific departments of the
Government, and through private contribution (with some additions by purchase
and exchange), all of which have been accommodated a*i well as could be in the
inadequate laboratories, storerooms, and exhibition space. The galleries just com-
pleted have added 16,000 sciuare feet of floor space, which will help to a certain
extent to relieve the crowded condition of the exhibition halls and courts IkjIow.
As an illustration of the present conditions and the necessity for more room, atten-
tion is called to the anthropological collections, which illustrate the development
an<l progress of man an<l his works. If the material now in the possession of the
Government in this department should Ik' proptTly placed on exhibition, it would
oixnipy the entire space in the present ^la'^euni Imilding. The great collections in
»)ology, botany, economic geology, general geology, and pak»ontology should l>e
entirely removed and placed in a building proi>erly constructed for their study and
exhibition.
In the present building there is a great deficiency in laboratory facilities. Cura-
tors and assistants are hampered for want of room in which to lay out, arrange,
classify, mount, and lal)el specimens. There should also be rooms in which students
covld bring together and compare various series of objects, and have at hand books
and scientific apparatus. The present Museum building contains a few rooms suita-
286 EEPOBT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
>>le for the purposes nientione<l, but the majority have to be used as storerooms,
lalioratories, and officen, and are therefore too much crowded to aerve in any one
of thcHe capacitien. Owing to the pressure for space, courts, halls, an<l gallcrici»
intended for exhibition purposes, bf>th in the Smithsonian building and in the
Museum building, are unavoidably occupie<l to a considerable extent as lalioratoriej*
and storerooms. This lack of laboratory space is extremely detrimental to the
interests of the Museum.
Beyond six small basement rooms under two of the corner pavilions the pre«Mit
building has al)solutely no provision in the way of basement or other nxniis for the
storage of collections which come in from day to day from Government field collect-
ors or private donors, or such as are separated for distribution or hehl for the use of
students. To remedy this defect many expedients have necessarily l)een re^fortid
to, such as ])lacing storage cases (faced with mahogany to make them j)re8entable) in
the exhibiti(m halls, hiring storage rooms in private 1)uildings, and filling up otfii-es,
entrances, staircase landings, and passageways not al^solutely imlispensable. The
ingenuity which has l)een exercised in this direi*ti<m ])y some of the curators is very
great, ancl the annoyances that are daily endure<l in the interest of preserving the
collections deserve notice. What is needled is a series of sjiacious firepn>of l>a.Mementi<
for the less i>erishal)le objects, the collections pn»serve<i in alcohol, and the ordinarj*
stores and ttM)lH, and e<iually spacious dry lofts and rooms for those collections an<l
stores which require prot/cction from dampness.
The pre8i»nt Museum buihling, though large in extent, is c>vercrowde<l. It wa.**
built with the chea|>est materials and under the cheaj;)est system of (»nstruction. Ita
lack of architectural dignity an<l the indifferent character of the materials of which
it is constructe<l give it the api)earance of a temi)orary structure and tend tocheajien
the effect of the really g<XMl cases and the very valuable collections which it contains.
The visitor is every whert^ confronte<l with rough wall?, unfinishe<l ceilings, and
o]>trusive trusses and suj>ports. It should also be rt»meml>er(Ml that a considerable
j>orti<m of the collections are still in the kSmithsonian building, where the crowding
is scarcely less than in the Museum building.
The followinj^ are probii])ly the hist published remarks by Senator
Morrill on the Hu])j(H*t to which so miieh of his energy had been g^iven.
They were made at a meeting of the Board of Regents on January 26,
18J)S:
As some of y(»u know, I have been urging a new Museum buihiing for about ten
years. The bills I have introdiH'iMl havi* pa.ssed through the Senate several times,
but never through the House. 1 may say now that I shall not live long enough to
get the mciisure complete*!. It wjis heretofore contemplated that there should be a
Museum building on the west of the Smithsonian building, in a position correspond-
ing with the present Museum building, and these two were to l)e connected by a
building on H street, thus making the largest museum in the country. I have now
alx)ut decide<l to abaiKlon that plan arnl try to secure the building on B street first
I merely state this in order to ascertain whether the change of plan is favored by the
Board of Regents.
The suggestion was adopted by the Hoard, but was subse(|uently
abandoned when the present phuis w^ere started.
The report upon the U. S. National Museum for 1901 contains the
following condensed account of the condition and requirements of the
collections, by the present assistant secretary in charge:
Attention has repeatedly l)een calle<l to the inade<iuacy of the present accommo-
dations for the national collections. The Smithsonian building had become fully
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 287
occupied some twenty-live years ago, when the large contributionn to the (tovem-
raent from exhibitors at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition led to the erection
of the Mnaeum building, completed in 1881. By 1883 this structure was also filled,
and though numerous -effort* have since been made to secure more ample quarters,
all have met with failure. In 1888, 1890, and 1892 the Senate vote<l $600,000 for a
new building, and in 1896, $250,000, )>ut none of these measures was even considered
in the House of Representatives.
There has lieen no abatement in the number of collections received annually, but
in fact a general increase from year to year, and a severe task has thus devolved
upon the Museum authorities in arranging for their disposition. New spe<'imens
have constantly been added to the exliibition halls and storage rooms until both are
overcrowded to the extent that in the one the objects, as a nile, can not 1h' properly
viewe<l by visitors, and in the other their classification has become impossible, and
they are for the most part practically inaccessible for study. But so extensive have
been the a^^x^essions that only a part ctould be disjKJsetl of in this manner, and it
became nei'essary, several years ago, to resort to outsi<le storage, which is now pro-
vide<l for in an old woo<ien shed y\y>on the Mall and in several rented buildings.
Nrmeof these buildings is of fireproof construction, though they contain collections
of great value an*! in large i)art not replaceable. Tlun' also lack facilities for the
classification and arrangement of the si^eciiiiens, which are i)acked away in shipping
boxes, and for the time serve no purpose of any kin<l.
The collections made by the Cioveniment surveys, of which the Museum is the
legal custodian, can continue to be received and 1ious(m1, an ad<litionaI storage build-
ings may l)e lease<l, if necessary, though the further provision of the law to make
them at all times available for study an<l examination can no longer be carrie<l out.
The same applies to specimens obtaine<l by purcha.«e or exchange an<l to such dona-
tions as are given without condition. The Museum is in fact being resolve<l into a
mere storehouse of material which conies to it mainly without solicitation, and its
larger purpose, while never lost sight of, is Inroming more and more diflicult to
maintain. Its reserve or record c(»llection8 in every branch should be so systemat-
ically arrange<l that any sin^cimens desired for stu<ly could immediately be f(Mm<l;
the public exhibition should comprise the entire range of Museum subjects, and be
installed effectively an<i without crowding, an<l there should be ample an<l well-
appointe<l working quarters, in which all the a<'tivitie8 of the establishment could
be conveniently carried on.
With the conditions as they now are, it is not to Ik^ wondered at that the National
Museum lat'ks that character of supi>ort which has done so much for many other
museums. Its donations are generally small and relatively unimportant. The
possessors of large and valuable collwtions will not present them where they can
not be at once displayed or well arrangcfl. Such inducements (um now rarely l)e
offered here, but many of the larger museums elsewhere owe their principal growth
to genenms gifts from wealthy patrons of science an<l the arts. Specific men-
tion could l)e made of several large collections which their owners wouhl have
preferre<l to place at the national capital, but which have been given to or deposited
in other museums, because in Washington they would have to l>e j)acked away for
an indefinite perio<l, at great risk of injury and destruction.
The amount of fir)or space occupie<l by the national collections is very much
smaller than would api)ear to the casual visitor. The two main buildings contain,
in fact, only 195,486 s^piare feet, to which the outside buildings, mostly rented, add
43,203 square feet, making a total of 2.S8,689 scjuare feet. The latter are partly occu-
pied by workshops, but are mainly used for the gross storage of sjH'cimens, and in no
case for exhibitifm or for the arrangement in classified order of the reserve series.
In London the subject** represented by the United States National Museum are
distributed among several museums, such as the British Museum, leaving out the
288 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Library, the Victoria and AllKfrt Museum, and the Mueeuiu of Practical (4eolo$!\',
which now have an ag)?regate of 989,388 square feet of floor 6pac«, srion to U>
increased by 400,000 or 500,000 square feet in the new addition to the Victoria an<l
Albert- Museum. In Berlin seven of the national museums relating U) natural his-
tory and the industrial arts possess some 575,000 square feet of area, and the new
National History Museum of Vienna has over 350,000 square feet alone. In our own
country, the Americ^an Museum of Natural History in New York City, which, when
completed, will cover a ground area of over'5J acres, already has 356,800 square U-^t
of floor space available.
A study of the conditions in Washington has shown that to properly arrange the
national collections and provide for the growth of perhaps fifteen or twenty yean*
would require additional floor space to the extent of something like 400,000 nr
500,000 square feet. If this were obtained through the construction of a new build-
ing having that amount of room, it wouhl still be necessary to utilize both of the
present buildings, and this seems the preferable course to pursue.
The eflforts of Senator Morrill, though so perHistent and well
directed, were not to }>ear their fruit, as he himself had intimated,
until after his lamented death, and, in fact, there was to be a lapse of
five years before the culmination of his wishes was definitely assured.
Ills large share in the final result must not be forgotten. Four times
did he secure a majority vote in the Senate, and his influence in the
House is shown by the favorable consideration given his bills by the
connnittees to which they were referred. His part, it is now recog-
nized, was in the direction of educating, of impressing upon Congress
the needs of the national collections, which he did by keeping the sub-
ject continually alive for over ten years, through the frequent intro-
duction of bills, the presentation of reports in which the requirements
of the Museum were set forth in detail, and his own impressive
remarks upon the floor. It ciime, therefore, to be not a question of
whether the Museum should have additional and more worthy quarters,
but rather one of finance; could the necessary funds^ in the opinion of
Congress, be granted for the purpose?
Accordingly, the following request, which appeared in the Book of
Estimates for 1903, occasioned no surprise:
Pliinn for additional fireproof building, National Museum: For the preparation,
under the direction of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, of prelmiinary
planH for an additional (ireproof ))uil<ling for the United States National Museum, to
be erected on the Mail )H»t\veen Ninth and Twelfth stret^ts west, including; the
expenw oi collecting necessary data, said plans and such recommendations thereon
as the SecH'tary of the Smithsonian InHtitutiou may deem neceesarj* to be transmitt<>4i
to Con^resH at its next ri'gular session, live thousand dollars, to be immediately
available.
Xofp nrroinpfttiip'nfj fnlimitti'. — In 1879 Congrt^ss appropriated $250,000 for the erec-
tion of a l)uiMing to nie(»t the urgent nee<ls of the National Museum. The etnicture
then put up, and completed within the appropriation, was practically only a large
sti)rehonHe, with few of the facilities demanded by a lai^e museum, and was at the
time ex[)ected to fill but a temporary' want. It has in fact, however, been made to
serve a most useful purpose and should continue so to do, but its accommodations
have in all respects been long outgrown. By 1885 its exhibition halls and storage
(Uponol U. S. NiUoni
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 289
rooms were already filled; by 1890 they were in a congested condition. Sinw then
it has l)een nei^espary to lease temporary quartern for the incoming cf»llectionH, these
quarters l)eing increaseil from year to year until they now hold as much in quantity
as the Museum building itself. In these places the collections are in constant dan-
ger from fire, ami Imng 8tore<l in packing (»ases, are subject to deterioration.
The National Museum is constantly in receipt of large and im[)ortant collections
from private soun'es, which add to its wealth of tn^asures. The collections are
mainly, however, the product of the Government surveys, o])tained at great cost and
constituting the material reconls of all national explorations. They are, therefore,
practically not replai*eable. All collections from these sources were by C'ongre^'sional
acts of 1846 and 1879 committed to the custody of the Smithsonian Institution, with
provision for their scientific classification and arrangement. Under the conditions
existing it becomes impossible to carry out either the 8i)irit or the letter of the law.
It is recommended that the sum of $5,000 Ihj appropriate<l for the preparation of
plans for a new Museum building.
Certain tentative sketch plans had previously been prepared, in
order to indicate to the Regents the general style and approximate size
of a building which it was thought would best meet the reciuirements.
The cost of such a building in stone was estimated at fi'om ^5,000,000
to $6,00(),()00. The matter was discussed with the Committees on
Appropriations of l>oth Houses of Congress, the Secretary and others
appearing l)efore them in su])port of the measure. A definite sum for
the cost of the })uilding had not been fixed, nor were the tentative
plans considered as entirely appropriate to be followed. It was
explained that the amount named in the estimate was required to per-
mit of a more careful study of the conditions, and that the plans to
be prepared would emlxxly only the actual needs. The item was not
reported by the House committee, but passed the Senate with a clause
limiting the cost of the ])uilding to 5^2,500,000. In conference, how-
ever, this limit was reduced to ^1,500,000, the bill as passed, in con-
nection with the sundry civil act for lJJi)3, being as follows:
Plans for additional building, National Museum: For the prejMiration, under the
direction of the Set^retary of the Smithsonian Instituticm, of preliminary plans for an
additional fireproof steel-frame brick and terra cotta building, to cost not exceeding
one milli<m five hundred thousand dollars, for the United States National Museum,
to lie erected, when appropriated for, on tlie Mall, l)etween Ninth and Twelfth
street* west, said plans when completed to be transmitte<l by the Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution to Congress, five thousand dollars.
The preliminary plans called for by the above act were completed
during the following winter and on January 22, 1903, they were pre-
sented, together with an explanatory report, to a special committee of
the Board of Regents, appointed the previous year, ^'to represent to
Congress the pressing necessity of additional room for the proper
exhibition of specimens l)elonging to the National Museum." This
committee, consisting of the six (^congressional Regents, namely, Sen-
ators O. H. Piatt, S. M. C-ullom, and F. M. C'ockrell, and Kepresenta-
tives R. R. Hitt, Rol>ert Adams, jr., and Hugh A. Dinsmore, after
NAT MU8 1903 19
290 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
a full discussion, passed the following resolution, which was suW-
quently transmitted to Congress:
That under the limitations of the law the committee hereby rejjort to Conjnvi-H
Plan B for a new National Museum building as the best obtainable for the amount
mentioned; but in the judgment of the committee the larger plan, A, is iK-lievttl
to be the one which should ])e adopted, and we therefore ask that Congrep? Khali
make the appropriation for it instead of for the smaller plan.
On January 23, 1903, the plans and report were transmitted to Con-
gress and printed as Document No. 314, House of Representatives.
Fifty -seventh Congress, second session. The arguments presented in
the report have practically all been set forth in previous jiages of this
paper, and therefore only such extracts need be quoted here as relate
to the plans and to the questions directly concerning their prepmnition.
Of the plans themselves only two are given, one, marked '^V,'' show-
ing the outlines of the entire building as then designed, the other,
marked '' B,-' showing the half of the building, which it was estimated
could he erected for th(» sum of Jt^l,500,<)(X), the limit of cost lirst
e.stablished. Following are the extracts from the rei)ort prepared by
the assistant secretary in charge of the Museum:
The plan contemplates a nnrtangular building al)Out 4H6 feet front by alM>ut .'>4.i
feet deep an<l alx)ut SO ft^et higli incUidiug the l)asement. The building is ilesi^uil
for four floors, and will afford alniut 4(K),0(X) wpiare fi»et of floor ypace, the first and
siM'ond floors to l)e u«*d for exhibition, the Iwisement and upper floor for storap\
workrooms, and other puri)ose.s necessiiry to th(5 conduct of a museum. It could U*
erected in substantial form as a fireproof building for a sum notexceetiiiig$:^,000,l)00.
The plan has l>een <lesigned in such a manner that approximately one-half of the
building could be constructe<l at once, presenting the appearance of a coinpleteil
building and suitable for the Museum no(»d8. This half wofild consist of the main
or south wing and the middle wing, and is exhibited in a separate drawing. Whilst
it would in no way provide for the growth of the Mustnnn, it would relieve the
present congested ccmdition of the exhibition halls, rt^nder possible a projKjr classiti-
cation of the reserve collections, and remove the necessity of employing any renteil
buildings.
The plan of the building has Ix^en drawn after a study of all imj[>ortaut exi2«tin^'
museums, both in this country and abroa<l, and einlnMlies their useful features* and
avoids defects which have l>een reveale<l in the course*, of time. It is expected that,
sliould this building be authorize*!, it would be superior for museum pur|)osi»s to any
building in this country or abroad, and it is respectfully recommended that the .sum
of $1,500,000 be appropriated for the construction of substantially so nuich of \\w
building as is exhibited in Plan H.
The National Museum occujucs the building erected for its use in ISSl, the greater
l>art of the Smithsonian building, j)artsof threedetachtnl buildings on the Mall, and
several rente*! buildings south of K street S\V. The area n'pre8ente<l, together with
the general use to whicli the several t!ooi*s of the larger buildings and each of the
smaller buihlings are <!evr>tpd, is shown in the following table:
Smithsonian building: Square feet.
Basement (mainly storage an<! heating plant ) 11, 77S
Ground flo(»r (mainly exhibition halls) 17,372
Second lloor (mainly workrooms ) 6, 587
Ripoitof U. S, Nnianil Mumm. tMJ Rathbvn,
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 291
Square feet.
Thinl floor (mainly exhibition) 10,889
I'ppor j>art of north tower ( workrooms and storai^) 2, 617
East end (offices, sliipping rooms, etc. ) 2, 755
51,998
Museum building:
Ground floor (exhibition) 74, 209
( iallery floor (mainly exhibition) 28, 986
Central towers and pavilions (mainly workrooms, storage, offices,
library, etc.) 40,293
143,488
Outside buildings:
Smithsonian stable ( taxidermist's w^orkroom ) 615
Frame building on Smithsonian reservation (taxidermist's and
1 mechanical workshop) 1, 400
Frame Imilding on Armory Square (storage of specimens) 7, 073
Buildings at No. 431 Ninth street SW. (rente<l — storage of speci-
mens ami property) 21, 129
Building No. 309 to 313 Tenth street SVV. ( rented— st/^rage of
specimens, preiwrators* and mechanical workshoiw) 6, 406
Building No. 217 Seventh street SW. (rente<l — carpenter shops) . 3, 655
Building in rear of 915 Virginia avenue SW. (rented, jiaint and
glass shop) 2, 925
43,203
Total space now (K'(;upie<l 2158, 689
The allotments of space by subjects and by dejiartments is as follows:
By subjects: s^iimrefeet.
Exhibition 112,697
Storage of reserve collections, scientific laboratories, ami workrooms... 75,468
Cieneral and miscellaneous purjwses, including mechanical workshops
and st/)rage, heating plant, library, lecture hall, public comfort,
administrative offices, etc 50, 524
Total 2:W,689
By defjartments:
Anthropology, inclu<iing ethnology, arclueology, Anierica.n history, and
arta and industries 78, 280
Biolog}-, including zoology and lK)tany 72, 914
Geology, including division of practical geology 36, 971
(leneral and miscellaneous jnirposes 50, 524
Total 238,689
An inspection of the several buildings shows contlitions which are exceedingly
deplorable for the National Museum of a great country. Kvery branch is seriously
hanipi*red by the total ina<lequa(!y of the spac'e assigned it, and the i>roper disposition
of specimens long ago Ijeeame impossible, with the rt»sult that year after year valu-
able collections, often of lai^e size, have ha<l to l)e packeil away in insecure rented
buildings, where they are also inaccessible. While the Museum buiMing is not ill
a^lapted to exhibition purposes, it is much too small to si^rve the present needs. Its
halls are overcrowded, the cases being generally phwecl so near together that two
fiersons can scarcely pass l)etween them and no effective view of their contents can
be obtained. An increase in space of one-half to two-thinis at least would be nec-
essary to properly display the present contents of these halls.
292 KEPOBT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Having practically no basement, the only space available for the reserve storajre,
workrooms, and offices is the small rooms of the central towers an<l corner pavihons,
except that some of the gallerit^s designed for exhibition have from necessity l)een
turned over io these purposes. In tht»se quarters the specimens are packetl almrjitt
solidly, in cases generally reaching to such a height as to make acc^ess to the upper
ones extremely inconvenient. The workers have scarcely room in which to place
their tables, and there is little space any where for the spreading out of specimens for
purposes of study and classification or of preparation for exhibition.
In the Smithsonian building, which was originally designed to be used only in
small part for museum purposes, the conditions are similar. There are four exhi-
bition halls, three used for zoology and one for prehistoric archjeology. The latter,
fK'cupying the entire upper floor of the main building, has, through the loosening
and fall of large areas of plaster from the ceiling, been pronounceil unsafe and closed
to the public until funds can be obtained for its repair and renovation. The large
corre.<»i)on(ling room on the ground floor has four galleries extending nearly its entire
length, which some fifteen years ago were turned into work and storage quarters
for several branches of zoology. They are overcrowded with ca^es and tables and
are, moreover, extremely unhealthful places for the assistants stationed there because
of the impure air arising from the exhibiticm floor below.
In the basement is stored the greater part of the valuable alcoholic collection of
the Museum, in a series of dark, damp rooms, wholly unsuited to the purpose, and
where a great deal of work has to Ikj carried on. The other workrooms and store-
rooms in the Smithsonian building, besides two or three small (mes on the main
floor, are in the north tower, which is utilized for these purposes up to the height of
the seventh story. It is scarcely necessary to explain that many of these rooms, all
of whioli are very small, are inconvenient of access, and that specimens can be car-
ried to and from them only with difficulty.
Many of tlie activities of the Museum and much the greater part of its storage have
for a long period had to l)e provided for in outside buildings, partly on the Mall and
partly rented at an annual expense of over $4,000. The taxidermists are quartere^l
in the upjHT part of the Smithsonian stable and in a temporary frame structure hack.
of the Smithsonian building. On Armory square, adjoining the Fish Commission
building, is an old, dilapidated wooden shed filled with specimens. On Ninth street
SW. there is under lease a large area of land covered with wooden sheds containing
an immense amount of valuable collections and much other Museum property. The
greater part of the so-called Marsh collection of vertebrate fossils, which has been
valued at above $150,000, is still stored in a rented building at Tenth street and Mary-
land avenue, which also provides 8pa(!e for several preparators* workshops. Two
other rented Imildingsarc? likewise rt»quired to accommodate the extensi ve carpenter,
paint, and glazing shops which are requireil for the making of furniture and for the
repairs al)ont the main buildings.
In order to c^rry out the purjMises for wliich it exists, the National Museum reqoires
a greatly increased amount of space and that any additional space provided be better
adapted to its wants than that now occupied.
For the exhibition collections a connected series of relatively lai^ rooms or halls
is needed to i)erniit of the arrangement of the specimens and groups of specimens
(many Inking of considerable size) in such manner as will best adapt them to the
comprehensi(»n of the public and, ))y the avoidance of crowding, allow them to be
viewed effectively.
The record collections, commonly known a«« the reserve or study scries, comprising
the bulk of the material in most d«'partnu*nts, while demanding such a convenient
disjxjsition a*< will insure the reiidy examination of sj)ecimens, require relatively leas
space than the exhibition collections, as they can be much more oompactly arranged
i
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 293
in drawers and on shelves. Yet their extent is so great that the qiie*<tion of their
ai^'oinuiodation is one of the most ini])ortant ones for consideration. They iiave
l)een mainly derived fmm the Government surveys of the i>a8t sixty years and rep-
resent a very lai^e expenditure of puhlic money.
For the activities of the Museum are needed many well-Iighte<l and well-appointed
rooms to serve as laboratories for classifying collei^tions and for scientific research
and as workshops for the preparation of specimens for study and for exhibition. It
should be noted in this connection that the Museum is called upon to furnish work-
rooms for several of the scientific bureaus, whose collections are partly studied there,
and that, by a recent act of Ck)ngress, it is incumbent uix)n the Mus(*um to provide
facdlities for such students and investigators from any part of the country as may
choose to visit it for purposes of research.
Finally, space must be provided for certain general and miscellaneous purposes,
such as the mechanical workshops and storerooms, the heating plant, public-comfort
rooms, the library, a lecture hall, the administrative offices, etc.
An estimate of the amount of space needed has been reached by a careful consid-
eration of the several requirements as set forth below, namely:
(1) To relieve the present very congested condition of the exhibition lialls.
(2) To provide for the display of objects now in storage which are suitable and
intended for public exhibition.
(3) Convenient and systematic storage for the vast reserve or record collections,
which are now for the most part inaccessible for examination.
(4) Suitable scientific laboratories, preparators' workshops, etc.
(5) The mechanical workshops require<l in making repairs to buildings and in the
construction and repair of cases and other furniture and fixtures.
(6) Offices necessary for administrative and other purposes conmion to all the
branches of the Museum.
(7) The space required for the heating plant, the library, a lecture hall, public-
comfort rooms, and other miscellaneous purposes.
(8) Pro\T8ion for future growth. The limitation of cost fixed by the sundry civil
appropriation act of June 28, 1902, prevents the carrying out of any cxtnivagant
views in this regard; and if the building erected have only the area contemplated by
the plans submitte<i the National Museum will again be crowded and in need of
room certainly before the end of another ten years and probably of five years.
The growth of the Museum for a number of years pa.st has Ijeen mainly through
the Fi^ceipt of material which by law it must receive and care for. The amount ol
material declined or diverted elsewhere during the last ten or fifteen years l)ecause of
the lack of room would have occupietl a very large proj)ortion of the present exhi-
bition space and have greatly increaseil the money value of tlie collections. The
same crmditions have prevented the Museum authorities from soliciting large ccmtri-
Imtions, but with adequate facilities many extensive exhibits can Ik* had for the
asking. The department of arts and industries, the more prai'tical si<le of the
Museum, has perhaps suffere<l most from the lack of a(!connno<lations. I^rge exhibits
have had to be removed to storage, and the growth of this most imi)ortant and
striking bram^h was necessarily stopped son»e time ago. It should l)e ma<le here, as
it lias been in all the larger capitals of the world, one of the most im}K>rtant features
of the national collections, and its incrt»ase, once 8tinmlate<l, would go forward rap-
idly and at relatively small expense, as generous donations might Iw exjHM'ted from
all quarters.
Using the above topics as a basis for calculations, the amount of space imme-
diately re<iuired has l>een worked out for each of the departments. This information
is summarized in the following table, which gives also for each subject the space
now occupied. With regard to the present storage areas, it should l>e borne in mind
294
BKPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
that much of the material is now compactly stored in packing boxes, and if trans-
ferre<i to clasHifie<l ntorage would Rprea<l out over many times the space. The<iepart-
nient.s named are tho.se under which the Museum is classified for convenient* of
administration.
Subject.
Exhibition space:
Department of anthropology, including ethnology, artiheoology, American
history, and arUs and industrien
Ik'jMirtment of biology, including zoology and botany
l)t>partmen t of geology, including museum of practical geology
Laboratories, workrooms, and storage:
Department of anthropology
Department of biolog>-
Department of geology
General and miscellaneous:
Administrative offices, record files, etc
Mechanical workshops . . . ,
Mechanical and miscellaneous storage
Library, photographic laboratory, lecture hall, restaurant, public comfort,
heating and electrical plant, etc
Entrances, hallways, etc
Total
Spare
now (X*-
cupied.
Space re-
quired.
Sf/.//W.
Sv./rrf.
68,790
1H4,000
ai.005
96,0U0
19,902
74.000
19,490
81.000
38,909
110,000
17.069
46,000
6,506
12,000
8,789
15.000
r2,oa2
22,000
19,056
31,000
4,141
238,689
670,000
With regard to the space now occupie<l, there are certain areas which, for various
reasons, should be abandoned, namely:
Square feet.
Rented buildings (area) 34,115
Outside buildings on the Smithsonian reservation and Armory si]uare, which
have been used only as temporary expedients and are for the. most part
insecure structures (area) 9, 088
Space used for storage and some other purposes in the basement, in the upper
I)art of the north tower, and at the east end of the Smithsonian building,
being partly unnuitable and partly inaccessible (area) 12, 885
Total 56,088
Deducting this area from the total area now o<*cupied (238,689 square feet) leaves
182,601 square feet as the amount of space now actually available and appropriate
for the future needs of the Museum. Again, deducting this amount from the total
spacte named alwve as required for the Museum (670,000 scjuare feet) leaves approx-
iuiat(»ly 487,000 square feet to be provided for in a new building. The suni named
in the sundry civil act of June 28, 1902 ($1,500,000) as the limit of cost for the pro-
posed new building will not, however, {Hirmit of the erection by any method of
construction of a building having that amount of space.
Several plans have been drawn in an effort to reconcile the needs of the Museum
with the limitation of cost proposed by Congress, but none successfully. The la«4
plan, contemplating the smallest size of building that it has been judged advisable
to recommend, is the one herewith presented. It represents a rectangular build-
ing, having a frontage of about 486 feet, a depth of about 345 feet, not including
projections, and a height above the ground at the front of about 70 feet. There will
be two open courts. The building is designed to have four floors, inclusive of the
basement (which will underlie the entire structure), and will afford about 400,000
sguare feet of floor space. The first and second floors are intended to be used lor
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 295
the public* exhibition collections and the bapeinent and upper floor for the reserve
or re<*ord collections, workrooms, offices, and other general and miscellaneous pur-
poses. This is an approximately equal division of the space between the public
halls and the other requirements of the Museum. The plan shows entire simplicity
of design, and has been drawn with reference to the use of brick and terra cotta in
the construction of the outer faces, although stone could be substituted for these
materials if so ordered.
The interior arrangement above the basement is a combination of large and small
halls, the three largest halls being lighte<l from above and having two series of gal-
leries of sufficient width to permit of their being screened off and made into series of
separate rooms for exhibition and other purposes. This arrangement has been
a(U)pted as practtically furnishing the largest ix)ssible amount of well-lighteii floor
space in a building of the size proposed, and as j)re8enting many other important
advantages. It is felt that a building put up on these lines would in many, if not in
all, re8j)ect8 prove superior for museum purposes to those of any existing museums,
either at home or abroad.
The cost of erecting a building in accordance with the plan submitted in a most
simple though substantial manner has been estimated at about $3,000,000. The
plan has been so designe*!, however, that approximately one-half the building can
be constructed separately, with practically the appearance of a completed building
and suite<l to the clifferent kinds of museum recjuirements. This half would consist
of the main or south wing and the middle wing, as represented in a separate draw-
ing. While this part would not provide for future growth, it would relieve the
present congeste<l condition of the Museum, make outside storage unnecessary, and
render possible a safe disposition an<l essentially convenient arrangement of the
present collections.
This half section of the building as planne<l could be erected for $1,500,000.
At the hearing before the House Conimittee on Appropriations, on
January 23, 1903, the question of legislation for the new building was
thoroughly di.scussed. It was not doubted that half the building could
be erected within the limit of $1,500,000 fixed by the act of the previ-
ous 3'ear, and the entire building for not exceeding $3,000,000, but in
either case the fronts would require to ])e constructed of brick and
terra cotta. There was no objection to the use of these materials on
the score of durability, })ut in view of the large size of the building,
its conspicuous position, and the fact that it would be expected to rank
among the prominent public structures at the capital, it was urged
upon the committee that stone fronts would produce a more dignified
effect, and that the change in this respect would not add extravagantly
to the cost of the building. Estimates showed, in fact, that if stone
were employed the entire building could be erected within the sum of
lp3,5<)0,f)(H), and one-half the building within $1,625,000.
The matter was not reported to the House in any form, but in the
Senate the granting of the full sum was favorably considered, and the
bill as there passed was finally agreed to in conference as an iten) in
the sundry civil act for the year ending June 30, 1904. It is as follows:
Building for National Museum: To enable the Regents of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion to commence the erection of a Huital)le fireproof building with granite fronts, for
the use of the National MuHcum, to Ih^ erected on the north ftvd^oi VVvvi'^^\,\5fc\.Hi^i«Kv.
296 REPORT OF NATIONAL ICUSEUM, 1903.
Ninth aiid Twelfth streets northwest, substantially in accordance with the Plan A,
prepariMl and submitted to Congress by the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
un<ler the pn)viHions of the act approved June twenty-eighth, nineteen hundreil ami
two, two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Said Imilding complete, includii)>;
heating and ventilating apparatus and elevators, shall cost not to exceed three million
live hundrecl thousand dollars, and a wntract or contracts for its completion is hereby
authorized to be entered into subject to appropriations to be ma<ie by Congress.
The construction shall l)e in charge of Bernard R. Green, Superintendent of Build-
ings and (rrounils. Library of Congress, who shall make the contracts herein author-
izes! and disburse all appropriations made for the work, and shall receive »» full
compensation for his services hereunder the sum of two thousand dollars aunually
in addition to his present salary, to be paid out of said appropriations.
At a meeting of the Board of Regents on March 12, 1903, the jvassage
of the above act was announced, and it was resolved:
That the Secretary, with the advice and consent of the chancellor and the chair-
man of the executive conunitt<»e, l.>e authorized to represent the Board of RegeutsJ m>
far aa mav be necessarv in consultation with Bernard R. Green, to whom the con-
St ruction and contracts for the new Museum building are committed by Congress? in
the act making an approj)riation for that purpose.
Some little time was consumed in the preliminary arrangements
which included the selection of Messrs. Hornblower & Mai'shall, of
Washington, as the architects of the building. They had made the
first tentative sketches and the preliminary plans previously mentioned,
and it may also be said that for a number of years they have Jictod
for the Smithsonian Institution and National Museum in all matters
ro(iuiring architectural advice. They have likewise recently visited
many of the prominent nuiseums of Europe, which has given them an
invaluable experience in museum requirements.
At the time of writing the genei'Jil plans, showing the several floors
and favad(»s, are nearing completion.
I)i:S(^RlPTl()N.
It is impossilile at the pnvsent time to descril>e more than the lead-
ing features of this structure, since, though work u}X)n the foundation
has !)egun, the plans are not entirely completed. The building will
l)e rectjuigular in shape, and faccnl with granite on all sides. It will
have a length of 551 feet, a width of 318 feet, exclusive of projections,
and a height of stonewoik above the basement floor of 77 feet. There
will be foui' stori«»s including the basement, which, beginning al)ove
the level of the adjoining street, will l>e well lighted and entirely
available for use. The main and se(!ond stories will contain the exhibi-
tion collections, while the bascMuent and upper story will be allotte<l to
i]\o many ()th(»r recpiinMuents of a large museum.
In a general way it may be said that the building will consist pri-
mai-ily of a main part in the shape of a broad T, comprising three
wide wings or sections diverging at right angles from a large rotunda
Ht the soiitJiern oi* principal (Mitranee. Ranges of narrower width,
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 297
one on each side and two at the north, will connect the three ends of
the T or main sections so as to inclose two lar^o open courts (each 128
feet square), and thus complete the quadrangle. The two south sec-
tions, which, with the rotunda, comprise the front part of the build-
ing, will project slightly at each end beyond the walls of the side
ranges.
The new structure will be located on the north side of the Mall, in
the so-called Smithsonian Park, al)out midway between Ninth and
Twelfth streets, directly in front of the Smithsonian building, and with
its center, like that of the latter, on the axis of Tenth street. While
the main front and entrance will face southward, or tow^ard the mid-
dle of the park, there will also be a commodious entrance by way of
the basement on the north, as an approach from Tenth street. The
northern fa^de will be about 78 feet from the sidewalk of B street
north, while the central projection thereof, containing the entiance,
will reach about 25 feet nearer to the street.
As the land rises rapidly southward from B street, it has been
planned to have the basement floor slightl>^ above the level of that
street, but at the south the top of the basement will be nearly on a
level with the ground. Suitable embankments will be built along the
sides of the building, inclosing a l)road area, which will also extend
along the south front, thus making the basement ecjuivah^nt to a full
story for at least workroom, laboratory, storage, and heating purposes.
Its height \^ill be 14 feet.
The first and second stories, intended for the public, will be 20 feet
and 19 feet 5 inches high, respectively. The windows will measure 14
feet 9 inches high in the first and 12 feet high in t\w second, the cor-
responding ones in the two stories occupying the same embrasure,
though separated by ornamenttd metal work. These windows will be
about Hi feet wide, and the intervening wall si)ace about 7 feet wide,
giving a unit for the installation of exhibits of 18 feet inc^hes.
The third story will be 12 feet in height, with windows about 7 feet
high b}' 5 feet 3 inches wide, thus furnishing ample light for all the
requirements of the lalK)ratories and storerooms. In the three main
section« of the !)uilding there will l)e still another low story above the
la.st, suitable for the storage of dried specimens.
The relatively small amount appropriated for this large building
hjis demanded simplicity of design and the omission of all extrava-
gant decoration. The lines and proportiotis Iiav(* been so well planned,
^however, that the structure can not fail to be on** of great dignity
and beauty and a worthy addition to the public buildings in Wjt^h-
ington. The granite will be laid in ashlar courses, but the entrances
will be worked up with a certain amount of elaborateness. A metal
dome, with skylight, will cover the rotunda, and there will also be sky-
lights aVong the main roofs for lighting tl\^^ Ivvv^^e \uv\\s.
298 BEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
The rotunda at the south, or main, entrance will be about 116 feet
square, and lighted entirely from above. It will connect directly
with the three great halls, which are to be similar in character and
of the same length and width, about 209 by 116 feet, all provided
with galleries except at the inner ends adjoining the rotunda. The
galleries along the sides will be 32 feet wide, leaving an interspace of
50 feet width. This central or open part of the main halls will be US
feet long and reach to ceiling lights under the skylights, a distance
of 60 feet, while the galleries and sides of the first story will receive
their light from the large windows of the fronts and courts. The
galleries of the second and third floors are intended to be entirely
screened off from the central halls and treated as space that can be
divided to suit the requirements. The space under the galleries may
be treated in the same way or left open, as circumstances may dictate.
The remainder of the building, consisting of the ranges on the east,
west, and north, will be 55 feet in interior width and have solid floors,
one above the other, their light being entirely obtained from windows.
The main and second floors will, as before stated, be used wholly
for the public exhibition collections, while the upper floor will be
divided into laboratories and storage rooms for the reserve collections.
The basement will have the same dimensions as the first floor, but
under the main halls it will require to be lighted artificially. The side
areas will lie of suflicient width for teams, which may enter the build-
ing at both ends of the south front. One of the south wings of the
basement will be utilized for the lx)ilers, power plant, mechanical
workshops, etc. ; the other, as well as the ranges, probably for labora-
tories and for the storage of specimens in such lines as can best Ik?
acconmiodated there, though souk* parts of the ranges may he availed
of for exhibition purposes.
TIh» northern entrance will })e by way of the basement, into a large
vestibule with elevators and stairways. There will also be passage-
ways leading in all three directions, the central one communicating
directly with a small lecture hall occupying the center of the middle
section of the basement. Oti each side of this hall will be a series of
small rooms, some of which can be used for committee meetings.
The net floor area of the building will l)e about 411,374 squai'e feet,
or about y. 44 acres, subdivided as follows: Uasement and main floor,
ejuh about lir),732 scjuare feet; second and third floors, each about
88,955 square feet.
FLOOR SPACE OCCUPIED BY THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The following is a detailed statemetit of the space occupied by the
Museum on January 1, 1904, arranged mainly in explanation of the
plans of the two principal existing buildings (Plates 24 and 29). Fig-
ures are also given for the outside buildings, but the plans for these
are omitted as being unimpovtiint.
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 299
National Museum Building,
kxhibition hall8 and galleries. <<
•
North hall.
Square feet
American history (102 feet 6 inches by 62 feet 4 inches) 6,388
East hall.
Floor: Technology (102 feet 2 inches by 62 feet 4 inches) 6, 368
North gallery: Materia medica (75 feet 6 inches by 14 feet) 1, 057
East gallery: Herbarium (38 feet by 7 feet 6 inches) 282
South gallery: Herbarium (86 feet 6 inches by 13 feet 6 inches) : . 1, 166
8,873
South hall.
Floor: Mammals (102 feet 1 inch by 62 feet 5 inches) 6,371
Galleries: Mammals (212 feet 8 inches by 14 feet; 17 feet 3 inches by
11 feet) 3,169
9, 540
West hall.
Floor: Ethnology, Eastern Hemisphere (102 feet 6 inches by 62 feet
4 inches) 6,388
North gallery: Ethnology, Indo- Pacific region (86 feet 9 inches by 13
feet 9 inches) 1,194
South gallery: Historic religions (86 feet 9 inches by 13 feet 9 inches) . . 1, 194
West gallery: Historic religions 301
9, 077
Rotunda.
Floor: American history 2, 516
Galleries: Miscellaneous 600
3,116
Northeast court. ■
Floor: Graphic arts (63 feet 1.5 inches by 62 feet 3 inches) 3, 929
Galleries: Ceramics (209 feet 9 inches by 10 feet 3 inches) 2, 150
6, 079
Southeast court.
Floor: Fossil vertebrates (63 feet 1 inch by 63 feet 1 inch) 3, 979
North and east galleries: Fossil invertebrates (105 feet 8 inches by 10 feet
3 inches) 1,083
South and west galleries: Fossil plants (105 feet 8 inches by 10 feet 3
inches) 1,083
6, 145
Southwest court.
Floor: Applied geology (63 feet 1 inch by 63 feet 1 inch ) 3, 979
Gallery: Applied geology (211 feet 4 inches by 10 feet 3 inches) 2, 166
6, 145
Northwest court.
Floor: Ethnology, Pueblo tribes (63 feet 2 inches by 62 feet 3 inches) . 3, 931
Grallery: Ethnology, Central and South America, Philippine Islands;
basketry (209 feet 10 inches by 10 feet 3 inches) 2,151
6, 082
East-north range.
Lecture hall (89 feet 4 inches by 49 feet 7 inches) 4, 429
fl Partly used for claaei^ed storage and laboratory pwrvoaea, «a wcMe^.
800 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Northeast range.
Fk]iiare feet.
Floor: Water transportation (63 feet 2 indies by 49 ifeet 10 iiiches) 3, 14H
SinUhead range.
Floor: Reptiles and fishes (63 feet 1 inch by 49 feet 11 inches) 3, 149
Second floor: Herbarium (63 feet 1 inch by 19 feet 6 inches) 1 , 230
Second floor: Biological survey, mammal storage (63 feet 1 inch by
30 feet 5 inches) ' ' 1,918
6,297
East-south range.
Floor: Comparative anatomy (89 feet 6 inches by 49 feet 10 inches) . . 4, 463
Gallery: Storage, fossil vertebrates and invertebrates (1,394 feet),
insects (598 feet), (165 feet 2 inches bv 12 feet).... 1,992
6,455
Wesl-soiUh range.
Floor: Systematic geology (89 feet 6 inches by 49 feet 10 inches) 4, 463
Gallery: Storage, geology (598 feet), paleobotany (1,394 feet), (165
feet 2 inches by 12 feet) 1,992
6,455
Southwest range.
Floor: Minerals and gems (63 feet 1 inch by 49 feet 11 inches) 3, 149
South gallery: Minerals, storage (37 feet 11 inches by 12 feet) 455
North and ea^t galleries: AnthrojKilogical laboratory (101 feet by 12
feet) 1,212
4, 816
Northwest range.
Floor: Ethnology, Eskimo and Northwest coast tribes (63 feet 2 inches
])y 49 feet 10 inches) 3, 14i
Gallery : Librarv (49 feet 10 inches bv 12 feet 3 inches) 610
3,757
West-north range.
Floor: Ethnology, Eastern and Great Plains tribes (89 feet by 49 feet
7 inches) *. 4,412
South and west galleries: Li])rary (114 feet5 inches by 12 feet 1 inch). 1, 383
East gallery: History, storage (49 feet 7 inches by 12 feet 1 inch) 598
6,393
Total floor and gallery space 103, 195
TOWKKS AND PAVILIONS.
Nifrfh tovrr.
First floor:
Main entrance (25 feet 8 inches by 1 .'{ feet ) 334
SujH'rintendeiice, two ollices 527
Pro])erty oflice 250
Captain of the watch 133
Stairway 126
Second floor:
hxlitorial oflices 404
Hiologicul survey, binl storage 860
Third floor:
Coins and medals 129
Telephone exchange , 1 2t)
2,892
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 301
East toxoer.
First floor; Square feet.
Entrance 340
Storage of supplies 256
Technology, ofiice 275
Herbarium 256
Restaurant 1,186
Second floor:
Herbarium 1,062
Third floor:
Herbarium 378
3, 753
Souih tower.
First fl(X)r:
Head curator of biology, offices 573
Comparative anatomy, laboratory 275
Invertebrate paleontology, laboratory 523
Second floor:
Paleobotany, laboratories 845
Invertebrate paleontology, laboratories 253
Third floor:
Paleobotany, laboratories 260
2, 729
West tower.
First floor:
. Head curator of anthropology, offices 724
Ethnology, laboratories .' 529
Stairway 1 33
Second floor:
Ethnology, laboratories 247
Historic archfleology and religions, laboratory 249
Ethnology, storage 460
Third floor:
Ethnology, storage 132
Ethnology, laboratory 132
2,606
Northeast pavilion.
First floor:
Mammals, laboratories and storage 1, 032
Birds' eggs, laboratory and storage 600
Superintendence 30
Stair^av 230
Second floor:
Ethnology, laboratory -. . . . 189
Materia medica, laboratory 209
Reptiles and batrachians, laboratories and storage 1, 206
Stairway... 213
Third floor:
Mammals, storage -. 1, 341
Basement:
Mammals, storage, alcoholic and dry 1 , 227
6, 277
302 BEPOBT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Southeast pavilion.
First floor: Square feet.
Men's toilet room 524
Women's toilet room 614
Insects, laboratory and storage (Lepidoptera) 900
Stairway 100
Second floor:
Insects, laboratories and storage 1, 183
Photographic laboratory 558
Stairway 110
Third floor:
Photographic laboratory 1, 440
Fourth floor:
Photograph print room 79
5,508
Southwest jxivHUm,
First floor:
Engineer's office 186
Fossil invertebrates, laboratories and storage ■. 784
Geology, lal)oratorie8 and storage 864
Stairway 193
Set^ond floor:
Head curator of geology, offices 397
(teology, lalx)ratorie8 and storeroom 1 , 210
Stairway 232
Thinl floor:
Mineralogy, la])oratory 1, 390
Basement :
Pump room 169
Boiler room 848
Blacksmith shop 1 , 026
Fuel va u 1 tfl 2, 436
Stairway 213
9,948
NorthweM jmvUion.
First floor:
V(.»8tibule and anteroom 414
Administrative assistant, oftices 872
Library 929
Si^cond floor:
Assistant se(!retary, oftices 1, 040
Library 502
S tai r w a y 1 48
Third floor:
Oftice of correj^pondence and documents 1, 320
Basement:
Storage, electrotypes of publications 766
Storage, documents 169
Storage, miscellaneous supplies 420
6,580
Total floor space in towers and pavilions 40, 293
Total floor and gallery space 103, 195
Total floor space in building 143,488
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 303
Smithsonian Buildino.
parts occupied by the national museum
Basement,
f*l, ( International exchanges. ) Square feet.
2. (International exchanges.)
3. Fuel storage 1,021
4. Boiler room 675
5. Machine sliop liS2
6. Electrical storage and connections 606
7. Toilet room 63
ft. (Smithsonian Institution. )
9. Meclianical storage 358
10. Men's toilet room 384
11. Women's toilet room 353
12. Supplies, storage 423
Corri<lor betwet^n 12 and 14. Fishes, alcoliolic storage 270
13. Molhisks, dry and alcoliolit* storage -. 4(50
Corridor ]x*twecn 13 and 15. Marine invertebrates, ah'oholic Hti>ra;rc.. . 270
1 4. Mollusks, alcoholic storage 695
15. 16, and 17. Marine invertebrates, alcoholic stoi*age 1, 498
Corridors l)etween 16, 17, and 18. Fishes, alcoholic storage 626
18. Fishes, aUrohoiic storage 1, 195
19. Birds, dry and alcoholic storage 1, 367
20. Fishes, alcoholic storage 1, 132
FiratflfHrr.
21. Main entrance hall 279
22. < )ffice of SufK*rintendence 233
23. Headquarters of the Watch 230
24. Game animals and arclueology, exhi])itioii hall (stairway hall ) " 742
25. Binis, exhibition hall (200 feet 4 inches by 49 feet 11 inches). (The
exhibition cases of mollusks occupy 739 square feet througli the (ten-
ter of this hall ) 9,?m2
26. Children's room, exhibition hall (25 feet 4 inches by 22 ft»et 8 inches) . . . 574
27. Insects, exhibition hall (60 feet by 37 feet) 2,220
28. Fishes, laboratory 378
29. Marine invertebrates, laboratorv 227
30. Marine invertebrates, exhibition hall (66 feet 7 in(;hes by 34 feet 9
inches) 2,497
S^'nmd Jfixjr.
31 and 32. Mollusks, lalwratory, and storage, two main galleries and one end
gallery 2, 541
3:^. Binls, laboratory, and storage, one main gallery and one end gallery 1, 325
34. Marine invertebrates, laboratory, an<l storage, one main gallery 1,216
35. (Smithsonian Institution, storage of instruments. )
36. Office, exposition archives 97
37. Birds, laboratory 233
38. Marine invertebrates, laboratory 325
«The numbers refer to the floor X)lans of the building ( Plates 28 and 2i>), exclusive
of the eastern end, which is mostly used by the Smithsonian Institution for adminis-
trative porpoeee, the library, exchange service, etc.
304 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
Siiiiare fw t.
39. Biological lalwratory 2:^^
40. Fishes, storage 617
Third floor.
41 . Prehistoric archaeology, exhihition hall (200 feet by 49 feet 7 inches) 9, 916
42. (Smithsonian Institution, fonner Regents' room.)
43. Prehistoric arch jcology, storage li»s
44. 46, and 46. Prehistoric archaeology, laboratory 775
North tower y up])er flotjrtt.
47-53, and 56. Mollusks, laboratories, an<i storage 1, 372
54 and 55. Marine inverte!>rate8, storage 266
57-62. The,»*e rooms constitute the five Uf)per stories of the north tower and
are not occupied 979
South toiver, tipper floors.
The floors al>ove the ohl R<»gents' room are used by the Institution mainly
for the storage of publications.
Ef(}<t cihIj'
63. Registrar's oflice and tiles 424
64. Shipping office 287
f>5. Dis])ursing office 471
66. Ri^gistrar's storage ( l)asement ) S65
67. Documents, storage, and shipping rooms 708
Total floor space in Smithsonian 51, 998
OlTSIDK BriLDINGS.
Frame biilldimj on resrrratiott mnth of Sinithsoniai^ Imiidint/.
Sciuare feet.
Mammal taxidermists' workroom 1, 060
Tin shop 340
Total 1,400
Natiira/ Jlititori/ Lof torn tor if on reserration vrnt of tSmitJtmnian buUdinrf,
Bird taxidermists' workroom, second floor .^ 615
Frame ahed ov Arinonj Afptare adjacent to Bureau of Fisheries {ndirely tised for gtonige).
Anthroi>ology: Square feet.
f:thnology 490
Fisheries exhibit 4, 215
Technology 745
American historv 112
5,562
Biology:
Mammals 1, 318
Geology:
^I inerals 193
Total 7,073
Thn*e l)nildings on Smithsonian an<l Armory n*servations 9,088
" Tuese numbers are not given on the plans.
NATIONAL MUSEUM BUILDINGS. 305
t
uihliuff^ at iSl yhUh i^rcvt S\V, (rvutcti). (fhie hrirk haild'tng, i^vrvml frame nhed^^
and a- large wicor4Ted area entirehj imed/or storage.)
nthn)iM)lo^y: S«iuan; foct.
Kthnolngy 5, 507
TwhnoUnyry Sll
Wator transiH^rtation 122
American hifitory rt()
H,500
ioU»^y:
Manmmlu .' 2, 010
BinlH 500
Comparative anatomy 1,110
Samples of wikkIh 122
:5. 742
er)lt>gy:
P^!<momi<; jreology 542
MineralH 5:i5
FosHil vertebrate« 1 , 024
Fo8sil invertebratCH 818
Fofwil plants 542
H>erintendence :
CaseH, toolH, etc (>, \m\
Ii«>cellaneous supplies 445
Total 21,129
HuiUling at Tenth street and Manjlaud areutie S\V. (re)ittd).
nthroi)ology:
Kthnolojfv, workroom SKil
Kthnologv, stora^' 1H5
1,102
iolojry:
('<>iiil)arative anatcmiy, workroom 7(M)
(\>mparative anatomy, storagi* 21*)
eology:
Economic j2eolog\% workroom .'>05
Ei-onomic geolopy, Htorajje 1 (>5
F<*«8il vertebrate**, workroom 1 , !()<)
Fossil vertebrates, storage 1,417
:{,05.S
alK'l office 720
eating and iK>wer plant. . . ^MM)
Total H,4(K»
Build ijitj ai Jt7 Seventh stmt S]V. ( rrntcd).
irpt»nter shop on all thre<» floors ;{, :)87
nthrop^dogical workn>om ( nKnlel making ) 2<)8
Total 3 , (V55
liu'dding in nuirofUl'i I'lr/jinia (irrnnr SW. [nntcd).
lint and glasn shop, two floors 2, 025
Total rentcHl biiihlinp* ^2V,VJ<i
NAT MU8 1003 20
306 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
TOTAL FLOOR AREA WC'UPIED BY THE TNITEl) STATES NATIONAL MUKEI^M.
Square f«Yt.
Museum building 14.'), 4JW
Smithsonian building 51 , 998
Three buildings on Smithsonian and Armor>' reservations 9, Os8
Rented buildings ^ 34^ 1 15
Total 238,68i>
U. S. National Museum.
ALLOTMENTS OF SPACE, ARRASGED BY SUBJECTS, JANUARY 1, 190L
DEPARTMENT OP ANTHROPOLO<lY.
Exhibition halh.
Eth nolog y : P<iuare feet
Eastern and Great Plains tribes 4, 412
Pueblo triljes 3,981
Eskimo and Northwestern trilws 3, 147
Central and South America 1 , 076
Eastern Hemisphere 4, 851
Indo-Pacilie region 1 , 194
Philippine Islands 5:^7
Basketry 5.38
19,fi!W
Historic archeology 1, M7
Prehistoric an^heology 9, 91H
Technology «,36S
Water tninsiMjrtation 3, 148
(traphic arts 3,929
Ceramics 2, ISO
Materia medica • 1,(^7
Religions 1, 41^
Amcriciin history 8,9W
Miscellaneous ( rotunda galleries) 600
Offices, iafforatorlfs, norfcrooins, and :Uorn{fe.
OHice of Head Curat4)r • 724
l^bonitorics an<l classilicd stonigc:
Kthiiology 2, .'iHO
Historic arclicology and religions 249
Prehistoric ar<'hc()I<)gy 973
Tcclinology 275
Materia nu'dica 209
American history 727
5.013
Preparators* workrooms 1,536
(iross storage:
Ethnology 6, 162
Technology 5, 771
Water transportation 122
American historv 172
10 2f
Total for anthroi>ology 78, 280
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 307
DSPABTMJfiNT OF BIOLOGY.
Exhibition halls.
Square feet
Mammals 9, 540
Binis ^ 9,253
ReptileH and fwhes 3,149
InPecta : 2,220
MoHusks 7:»
Other marine invertebrates 2, 497
Comparative anatomy 4, 463
Game animals ^ 742
Children's room 574
:«, 177
OfficeHf InfK/ralories, workroovfiSf and storage.
Offices of Head Curator 573
Laboratories and classified storages :
Mammals 5, 51 8
Birds 3,532
Birds' eggH 600
Reptiles and batrachians 1 , 206
Finhes 4,451
Insef-ts 2,6«1
Molluflks 5, 068
Other marine invertebrates 3, 802
(\)mi)arative anatomy 275
Herbarium 4, 374
31,507
Preparators' workrooms:
Mammal taxidermists 1 , 0(50
Binl taxidermists 615
C<^>mparative anatomy 70()
2,381
Gross storage:
Mam mals 3 , 328
Birds , 500
Ortuparative anatomy 1, 326
Plan ts 1 22
5,276
Total for biology 72,914
DErARTMKNT OF <JKOL<MiV.
Kxhihition halts.
Systematic geology 4, 4(W
iCppHed geok)gy (>, 145
Mineralogy 3,149
Vertebrate fossils 3,979
Invertebrate fossils ^ 1 , 08,3
Fossil plants 1,083
19,<)02
808 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
OffireMf fafHmit</ria(y ivorkrooiMj and stortige.
Office of Ilewl Curator iftiT
I^l)onitorieH and (*la8Pifie4l ntorage:
( ieneral ge<)l<Jgy 2, rt72
Mineralfl 1, H45
FoHBil vertebraU»8 l^t^M
Fossil invortebraU^s 1, 5<i0
Fossil plants 2,49*)
9, 1170
Pn»|>araton** workrooms:
Cieneral j2:eology I<05
Fossil vertebrates 1, l(i6
1,471
Gross storai^:
General gc^olojry 707
Minenils 728
Fossil vertebrates 2, 441
F<issil invertebrates 813
Fossil i>lants 542
5,2:u
Total for^eology :^J*71
AI)MI^MSTRATIO^, (iKNKKAL WORKSHOfS AND «n>RAGE, AND MISC'ELLANKOUS.
Ollices:
Assistant Sivretary in char^ri' 1, (V40
Administrative assistant 872
Corresjiomlenco and dornments 1, 320
SniK^rintendenre 7H0
l)isl»nrsinj? offit'or 471
Kejrif^tration 424
Shipping 287
PnifHTty 250
K>dit<.rial 4m
Kn^inccr 18*)
Wat<-h' lM*ad(jiiarterH :i63
Ti'U'phoiUM'xrhan^rc 12?)
I /ibrary 3, HTT
Phnto^raphir Udx^ratory 2.077
Lrctnrc hall 4, 42^
Restaurant 1, 1S6
T. )ilt't ro( >rns 1. 9:W
Ib'atin^r plants:
Boiler room ( Museinn ) 1,017
Fuel Htora^rt^ (Mnsrmn i 2,4:^
BoIUt r<»orn (Smithsonian) (>75
Fuel stora«:e (Smithsonian i 1,021
Tenth strict bniMinj: «00
5.74M
R«portof U. S. National Museum, 1903. — Rathbun.
Plate 24.
SOUTH WEST PAVILION
NORTH EAST PAVILION.
♦ • ■ - * - >
NORTH WEST PAVILION.
Plan of Basements, National Museum Building.
Report of U. S. N«tton«l Museum, 1903.— Rathbun.
Plate 25.
SOUTH EAST PAVILION.
SOUTH TOWER.
SOUTH WEST PAVILION.
NORTH EAST PAVILION
NORTH WEST PAVILIOH
MAJN ENTRANCE
Plan of Main Floor, National Museum Building.
Report of U. S. National Museum, 1903. — Rathbun.
Plate 26.
SOUTH CAST PAVILION.
SOUTH TOWER.
o
»-
»-
<
SOUTH WEST PAVILION.
CAST NORTH WANftI
NORTH EAST PAVILION.
'
nnn
NORTH TOWER.
o
h
NORTH WEST PAVIUOhL
Plan of Gallery and Second Floor, National Wuseum Building.
Report of U. S. National Muteurr, 1903.— Rathbun.
Plate 27.
SOUTH EAST PAVILION.
SOUTH TOWER.
SOUTH WEST PAVIUON.
TTT
1
1 1 » »^
•
1
1
p
n
^
O
»-
I-
<
n
o
h
h
hi
^■■rik
b— d
NORTH TOWER.
m
NORTH EAST PAVILION.
Ill f r r 1
Plan of Third Flcx)r, National Museum Building.
NORTH WEST PAVILION.
^1J'
'I
fRIi
'-lilr
\-\t-
§
xkd
NATIONAL MUSEUM — BUILDINGS. 809]
Workshops: Square feet
Carjienter 3,387
I^intin^ and ahwn 2, 925
macksmith 1.026
Machine 382
Tinsmith 340
I^bel printing 729
8.789,
Storage:
Cases, tooln, etff 7,016
^Iis4*elhineous supplies 1 , 544
Mechanical sup]>liifes .*i58
Klw!trical snppli«»H, etc 606
I'lihlii^ations 877
Klec'tnitypes of publicrations 766
Registrar's 865
12,a32
Kntrances, halls, stairways, etc 4, 141
Total for administration, et^* 50, 524
Sl'MMATIoN BY DKI'ARTMENTS.
Anthropology 78, 280
Biol«)gy 72,914
<ienh>gy 36,971
Administration, gtMieral \vt>rkBhoj»s and str>ragc, ami miscellaneous 50, 524
Total 2;W,(589
SUMMATION II V srBJBCTS.
Exhibition halls:
Anthnipology 58, 790
BioUjgy ;i4,005
(Jeologv 19,902
112,697
Strien title otlic«s, lal)oratories, worknxnns, and (*lajssified storage:
Anthropology 5, 737
Biology 31,252
(Jer>k)gy 10,:^7
47, .'{56
Prei)arator8* workrtmms:
AnthroiK>logy 1, 526
Biology 2,381
<;eology 1,471
' 5, 378
Gross storage of collections:
Anthropology 12,227
Biology 5,276
Geology 5,231
22,734
Adminifitrative offices 6, 506
Library, photographic laboratory, lecture hall, restaurant, toilet rooms 13, 307
Heating plants 5, 749
Workshops (construction and repair) 8,789
Storage of outfit, supplies, publications, etc 12, 032
Entrancei, balls, stairways, etc 4,141
Total 238,689
f
t
■1
' 1
STUDIES OF THE MUSEUMS AND KINDRED INSTITUTIONS OF
NEW YORK CITY, ALBANY, BUFFALO, AND CHICA(;(),
WITH NOTF.S()N SOME laiROIMLVN INSTITUTIONS.
By A. H. MF.YER,
Director of the Royal /oolo^ica/. Anthropological , and Ethnof^raphical
Museum in Dresden.
Translation, rexnsed by the author, from Abhandhtn^en iiml ncrichtc des Koniglichcn Zoolo-
Rischcn un<l Anthropologisch-KthnoKraphiscliPii Mustrunis in Droult-n, Hand IX, igoo-iyoi, and
Band X, I9<u-i903.
311
»'
: J
I
9
H
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
IJst of ilhigtratioiiP 31 7
A. — MrsEiTMH OK New York City, Albany, Bufkalo, and Chk'a<so 321
I ntroiliK'tion 821
Kffort« of the Ainerii^ii Natural History Mnseunis to increa8(> their
iiHefulnet^s 824
I. — The <*itv of New York:
ft
1. Ainerioaii MiiMmiu of Natural History 328
2. Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Art** an<l Seientres 31^
8. MetroiK>litau Museum of Art 346
4. New York Public! Lihmrv 851
r>. ('nluml)ia University J^58
(>. Iron furniture, ^lass caws, fireproof Imilclinyfs, li>;htin>; of interiors
of huil<lin);s, distant heatin>r 380
Iron furniture 380
( ila.ss east's 884
Firepn K)f buildings 385
Lighting of interiors Ii87
Distant heating 890
II. — Albany:
7. University of the State of New York 892
New York state Museum 894
New York State Library 896
Traveling libraries division 400
Division of exchanges 401
Library school 402
III.— Buffalo:
8. Buffalo Public Library 404
Museum of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sttiences 405
Wf
Library 406
IV. — Chicago:
9. FieM Columbian Museum 410
10. Chicago Academy of Sciences 430
1 1. Chicago Historical S(H*iety 439
12. Art Institute of Chicago 442
13. John Crerar Library 451
14. Newberry Library '. 459
15. Chit»ago Public Library 473
16. University of Chicago 491
Walker Museum 492
Haskell Oriental Museum 493
Kent Chemical Laboratory 495
Ryerson Physical Laboratory 495
Hull Biological laboratories 496
Yerket ABtronomical Obflervatory 499
313
>
314 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEITM, llKKl.
A. — MrsErMH of New York ('ity, Albany, Bifkai-o, and (*HirAti<>— (,\mtM. ]*»ge.
IV. — Chicra}^) — Contiiiuwl.
16. ITniverHity of (yhicaKO — Continued.
Library oO'J
Cobb l^etrture Hall , 5tVJ
Uvinnafliuin r>0*J
PowtT house -MM
I)orniitorie« ^^
History of the university r>07
Female HtudentH 511.'
(Quarter Hvsteni without vaaitions 512
KeIi>^iouH foundation 5l:»
OriLfanization of the university 514
Klenientarv and seeondarv wluK)l8 510
Uni versit V extension 5Ui
ITniverwity afKliations ' 517
Tniversity Press 517
Conclusion. 51 s
B. — NoTKS ox SOMP: EniOPEAX MrsKl'MS and KINDKEO INSTITI'TIONS.
IntrcMluction 5*Ji)
V. — 1^>ndon ( England ) :
17. Museum of Natund Historv 5*J1
IS. British Museum 52t>
19. Other I^mdon musi'ums 52S
Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 52S
South Kensington, or Victoria. and AllH»rt Muwuin 52t»
National < iallerv 5;5(i
National ( Jallerv of British Arts, or Tat4^ (iallerv 5;U>
WalliU'c collection 5;{1
Koyal Botani<'al ( hardens 5;U
Ilorniman Frcv Museum 5:n
Britisli lire-prevention committee h:V2
VI.— Oxford (England):
20. Cnivcrsity Musi'um, ethnographical <lepartment (I'itt Rivers ct»l-
lecti(»n) .5:1')
VI 1. — Birmingham ( Kngland):
*J1. C< )ri»()nit ion Art (iallerv an<l Mus<»um 53S
VI II. — Manchester ( England ):
2*J. Manclicstcr museum of Owens ColU»ge 540
2.S. Peel Park Museum in Salford 544
24. Various art museums 545
Whitwortli Institute .545
Municipal scIkmjI of art,s .545
Citv art gallerv and Manchester Art Museum 545
25. Maru'hester Muiiicii»al Technical Sc1um)I 545
2»>. John RvhuKls Li})rarv 548
27. Free Reference Li})rary 552
IX. — E<lin})urgh (Scotland ) :
28. ['niversity of E<linburgh 554
Anatomical museum 555
29. Museum of Science and Art 557
30. National Museum of Antiquities 560
3L Various other museumH , 561
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 315
B. — Notes on some Ei'ropean MrnEUMH and kindred institutions — Cont'd, i'hrc.
X. — Glasgf>w (Scotland):
32. Corporation museums and art galleries 562
;«. Tet^hnical College; MiU^hell Library 569
XI. — Liverpool (England):
lU. Library, museum, and art committee 570
;J5. Free public museums 570
XIL— Dublin (Ireland).:
'.\6, Science and Art Museum 577
37. National Library of Ireland 582
38. National Galierv 583
39. Anatomical institute of the uni vensity 583
University (Trinity College) 584
XIIL— Paris (France):
40. Museum of Natural Historv in the Botanical (raniens 584
Zoological collection 584
Comparative anatomical, anthn>i)ological, ami {mleontologidil
collection 585
41. Notes on various museums and libraries in Paris 591
Ethnographic museum in the Trot^ailero 591
(Juimet Museum 591
Ix)uvre 592
Galli^'ra Museum 592
National Library 593
Saint Genevieve Librarv 594
XIV. — Bnissels ( lielgium ) :
42. Royal Museum of Natural History of Belgium 597
43. Brief notes on various collections and buildings 602
XV. — Hanover (Germany):
44. Provincial Museum 603
45. Veterinary High School; Technical HighSchcM)! 606
( kmclusion 607
I •
» •
L /
f
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATES.
Facing |m«rc.
1. American Museum of Natural History. Cieneral view of the completed
building as planned 328
2. American Museum of Natural History. Hall of Mexican antiquities 336
3. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. General view of the projected
nniseum building 338
4. Metropolitan Museum of Art 346
5. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Middle hall 349
6. New York Public Library. Sketch of building in course of ereittion 361
7. Columbia University, New York City. Library building 369
8. New York Clearing House, New York City 384
9. University Club House, New York City ;i86
1 0. State Capitol at A 1 bany . East front 392
11 . State Cajntol at Albany. West staircase 396
12. State Capitol at Albany. Home-e<lucation department, with traveling
pictures 400
13. Buffalo Public Library 404
14. Buffalo Public Library. A comer in Children's Room 408
15. Field Columbian Museum. South front 410
16. Chicago Academy of Scriences. ComplettMl portion V.Vi
1 7. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Main fl(X)r 433
18. Chicago Historical S(K*iety 440
19. Art Institute of Chicago -442
20. Original building of the Art Institute of Chicago (now the Chicago Club). 444
21 . Art Institute of Chicago. Hall of Sculpture 446
22. Art Institute of Chicago. Pit^ture gallery on first floor 448
23. Art Institute of Chicago. Exhibit of jade objects 450
24. John Crerar Library, Chicago, Illinois * 452
25. John Crerar Library. Reading room 454
26. John Crerar Library. Book stacks 456
27. Newl>erry Library, Chicago, Illinois 459
28. Chicago Public Library 473
29. Chicago Public Library. A portion of the stairway 474
30. Chicago Public Library. Delivery room 478
31 . Chicago Public Library. I^rge reading room 478
32. University of Chic'ago. < Jeneral view of the University buildings, hwking
from the Midway Plaisance 491
liii. MusiMim of Natural History (part of British Museum), Kensington, London. 522
'M. Museum of Natural History, Kensington, Ixindon. Entrance hall 524
.%5. R4)yal Colli»ge of Surgeons, l^)ndon. Hall of comj>arative anatomy 528
.%. Munici[>al Technical S(rluM>l, Manclu»ster, England 545
37. John Rylands Library, Manchester, England 548
38. University of Edinburgh. Old University 554
39. Corporation museums and art galleries, (? lasgow, S<!otland 562
40. Public Library, Boston, Massa^rhusetts 594
318 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
TEXT FIGURES.
1 . American Museum of Natural H istory . South front XiO
2. American Museum of Natural History. Ground plan 332
3. American Museum of Natural History. Section throujirh the middle axis. 334
4. American Museum of Natural History. Crose-secticn through the oldest
wing 335
5. American Museum of Natural History. Floor plan of the Mexican hall.. 335
6. Brooklyn Institute of Arts ami Sciences. A comer in the room devoted to
lK>tany 340
7. Bnx»klyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Plan of first floor of the projected
building ^ lUl
8. BrcM)klyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Finisheil portion of the museum
(1897) 342
9. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Picture gallery 344
10. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Plan of first floor 347
11. MetroiK)litan Museum of Art. Plan of second floor 348
12. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Sketch of completed huil<ling as planned. 350
13. New York Public Library. Plan of l)asement 352
14. New York Public Library. Plan of first floor ;«3
15. New York Public Library. Plan of second floor 354
1(J. New York Public Libntry. IMan of third floor 356
17. rohinibia University. General plan of university buildings 'Sb9
18. ( 'olunibiu University. Plan of first floor of library 360
19. Columbia University. Seminar rooms on thinl floor of library 370
20. Columbia University. Plan of seminar rooms shown in fig. 19 372
21 . Fire-proof policy room of the New York Life Insurance Company 380
22. Vnother i>ortion of the room shown in fig. 21 381
23. Ground plan of the room shown in figs. 21, 22 382
24. Document cam*, with double-roller curtain 382
25. Case for folio volumes with roller c!urtain and Ixwks on rollers 383
2(). Long, low <*ast», or desk toj), with marble base. Opening behind 384
27. Ceiling and floor constnicticm 386
2S. Prismatic, ribl)e<l -glass unit of the American Luxfer Prism C-ompany 388
2t). Single prism, as nia<U' by the American Luxfer Prism Company 388
IM). ( 'ourse of ray of light through a parallel glass ;i89
31. Coiirst'of ray of light through a prism 389
32. Field Cohiiii})iaii Musi'um. Plan of ground floor 412
33. Field Cohiinbiaii Museum. Plan of gallery 413
34. Field C\)hnnbian Museum. Case with movable partition 421
IV). Fiohl (V)luml)ian MustMun. Top and jiartition of ciu<e shown in fig. 34 422
3<). Field Columbian Museum. Types of cjises and racks 423
37. Field Columbian Museum. Tyiws of cases an<I racks 424
38. Field Columbian Mus<Mim. Tyi>es of cases and racrks 425
39. Field Columbian Museum. Her})arium ciise 426
40. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Plan of second fl(M)r 432
41. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Plan of third or gallery floor (in parts)... 433
42. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Cross section along the line A B shown in
fig. 41 434
43. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Ca'^e showing fossils 437
44. Art In.sti lute of Chicago. Cross section 444
45. Art Institute of Chicago. First-fl(K)r plan 445
4(). Art Institute of Chica^jo. Secon<l-floor plan : 446
47. Newl)errv Li})rarv. Principal entrance 461
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 319
Page.
48. New t^erry Library. Plan of baneuient 462
49. Newt)erry Library. Plan of lirst floor 4H2
5<>. Newberry Library. Plan of second floor 463
5L Newlwrry Library. Plan of third floor 463
52. Newlx»rry Library. Plan of fourth floor 464
5ii. Newljerry Library. Catalo^ne ease 468
54. Newberry Library. Catalo);ue in Ijook form ( Kudolph index book) 470
55. Cbicaj^> Piibli<r Library. Plan of first floor 475
56. Chicago Publii^ Library. Plan of second floor 475
57. Chicago Public Library. Plan of third fl(H)r 476
58. Fisher Building, ("hicago, northeast corner of Van Huren and l)earl)orn
streets 480
59. C-hicago Public Li])rary. Steel construction between the floors 481
60. Chi<'ago Public! Library. A firej)rfK>f vault 482
61 . Plan of ventilating plant. (Chicjigo T<»lephone C>)nipany ) 484
62. Plan of ventilating plant. (Chicago Telephone Company ) 484
63. Plan of ventilating plant (Chicago Telei»hone ( 'ompany ) 485
64. Plan of ventilating plant. (Chicago Telephone C^mipany ) 485
65. ('hicag<> Public Library. Part of iron lMK>k stiu*k ... : 486
66. ( 'hiciigo Public Library. Series of book stacks 487
67. (Chicago Publi(! Library. Closable alcove 488
68. Chicago Public liibrary. BcK)k racks for folios 489
69. Tniversity of Chicago. Walker Museum 492
70. University of Chicago. Haskell ( )riental Museum 493
71. I'niversity of Chicago. Kent Chemici\l I^lK^ratory 494
72. Tniversity of Chicrago. Ryers(>n Physical I-.aboratory 495
73. I'niversity of (-hicago. Hull Biologic^d l-4ilK)ratjories (physiological and
anatomical ) 496
74. Cniversity of Chicago. Hull Biological I^lmratories (zoologiciil and 1h>-
tanical) 498
75. Cniversity of Chicago. Hull I hysiological laboratory 499
76. X^niversity of Chicago. Yerkcs .Vstronomical Observatory 500
77. Cniversity of Chicago. The great telescojH! at the Yerkes Ol)8ervat4)ry. . . 501
78. I'niversity of Chicago. Cobb I^'cture Hall 503
79. University of Chic*ago. Hitchi^ock Hall, dormitory for male students 505
80. University of Chicago. Dormitories for female students 505
81. MusiMim of Natural History, l^)ndon. Plan of groimd floor 522
S2. Museum of Natural History, Lon<lon. Plans of upfier floors 523
H.'{. Museum of Natural History, I^mdon. Side gallery, containing fossil rejv
tiles. Skeleton of an Iguanodon in the foregroun<l 525
84. University Museum, Oxford. Ethnographical stM^tion. (I*itt Rivers col-
lection ) 53;^
85. University Museum, Oxford. (Pitt Rivers colle<*tion.) A comer of upi)er
gallery 535
8(J. Owens Collegia Manchester, England, .Manchester Museum. First fl(M)r. . 541
87. Owens College, Mant^hester, Englaixl, Manchester Mumnim. Second flcKir
and galleries 542
88. Municipal Technical School, Manchester, Englan<l. Plan of first floor... 546
89. John Rylan<ls Library, Manchester, England. Plan of second floor 550
90. University of ?>linburgh. Part of new university 554
91 . University of Minburgh. Anatomical Museum 555
92. Museum of S<*ience and Art, Edinburgh, Scotland. Plan of first fl<H»r 557
93. Museum of Science and Art, E<linburgh. West hall (engineering section) . 558
320 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
PaKv
94. MuHiuiin of Science an<l Art, Edinburgh. East hall (natural histor>' ) - . . <V)H
95. MuHeuiii of S<-iem*e an<l Art, Minburgh (art) 5n'.>
iW). Museum of Si-ience and Art, Edinburgh (art) '>)!•
97. National Museum of Anti<iuitii*H, Edinbui^h, Si*<)tland 5«}l
98. (/oriM>ration Museumn and Art (ialleries, (Tlasgow, Scotland. Plan of
first floor 5«;}
JM). C/orporation Mufleums ami Art Gallericfi, Glasgow, Scotland. Plan of
HtH*ond floor nM
100. Corjwration Museums and Art <Talleries, (ilasgow, Si^otland. Arrange-
ment r»f heating an<l ventilating installation 5Wi
101. C'Orix)ration Museums and Art (lalleries, Glasgow, Six)tland. Arrange-
ment of heating and ventilating installation 5«)7
102. (WiKiration Museums and Art (ialleries, Glasgow, Scotland. Arrange-
ment of heating and ventilating installation ,V>8
103. City Technical ScIkk)! and Free Public Museums, Liverpool, England... .^71
104. Free Public Mustmms, Liverjxwl, England. Plan of lower floor 57.*^
105. Fret* Public Museums, Liveri>ool, England. Plan of upper floor 573
KM). Free Public Museums, Liverpo<:)l. One of the longitudinal galleries of
the upiH'r floor in new building 574
107. Frei* Publi<r Museums, LiveriKX)l. One of the longitudinal galleries of the
lower tl<K)r in new buihiing 575
lOH. National Library of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland 57S
109. Science and Art Museums, Dublin, Ireland. Natural History building. . 579
110. Science and .Vrt Museums, Dublin, Ireland. Hall of the Zoological
I)ei>artment 58<»
111. Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. Collection of comi>arative
anatomy. First fl<M>r of the ''(Jaleries d'Anatomie" 5,s7
112. MustMuii of Natural History, Paris, France. Collei»tions of paleontology
and anthropology. Seirond floor of the " Galeries <!' Anatomic" 58S
ll.'{. Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. Part of the anthro|)ological
collection. < iallery of se<'ond Hoor of the ** Galeries d* Anatomic '* 5S0
114. 1 library of Saint ( ienevicve, Paris, France 5m
115. Royal Museum of Natural History, Brussels, Belgium. One of the long
sides (»f the building 597
1 H». Koyal .Museum of Natural History, Brussels, lielgium. Narrow siile of
building, with entrance 598
1 17. Royal Museum of Natund History, Brussels, IMgium. I.^U'g^ lower hall. 5W
lis. Rroviucial Museum, Hanover, (iermany fi04
119. Provincial Museum, Hanover, ( Jeriuany. Plan of swond .*»tory (i05
120. Provincial Museum, Hanover, (iermanv. .\ room on the second storv . . 506
STUDIES OF THK MUSFAIMS AND KIN'DRKD INSTITUTIONS OF
NIiW YORK CITY, ALBANY. BUFFALO. AND CHICAGO; NOTES
ON SOME EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONS.
By A. B. Mbyek,
Ih rector oj'Oie Roffai /CfHdofjinil, Atfthropohgiral^ and J*}thnofjraphiral Mu»emn of l}rettden.
A.— Museums and Kindrkd Institutions of New York City,
Albany, Buffaix), and Ciiicacjo."
introduction.
The authoritios of tho Roval Collections of Art and Science in
Dresden coniniissioned nic in 1899 to visit the museums and kindred
institutions of the United Stat(»s so far as th(\y relate to museum affairs,
and to jmy special attention to the preservation of the collections from
tire. lu the time at my disposal I could master only a portion of
what might properly have been studied. I was moreover obliged to
eontine myself to the eastern part of that great countr}'; even then
I had to turn aside from a number of citic^s and scientific centers well
worthy of study, and I was far from a})le to exhaust the subject even
in those places that I visited. Tliis will (»xplain many omissions in
my report. I was in New York from the 8th to the 26th of August
and from the 19th to the 31st of October, in Albanv from the 26th to
the 29th of August, in l^uffalo on the 29th and 30th of August, in
Chicago from the 5th to the 13th of Septem})er, in Washington from
the 14th to the 27th of September, in Philadelphia from the 27th of
Septemlier to the 5th of October, and in Boston and Cambridge from
the r>th to the 19th of October.
The parts of my report h(»re presented include studies in New York
City, Albany, Buffalo, and C'hicjigo, and it is intended that other parts
shall be printed as soon as possible, giving results of my studies in
Washingt4)n, Philadelphia, Boston, and Cambridge.
In the United States a sharp distinction can not always be made
between museums and libraries, since many of the latter also include
o Tranfllation of tl^ber MuwH»n ch's (Mt'iis (U*r Ven;inijrten Stiiaton von Anierika.
ReipeHtndien von Dr. A. B. M<\vi*r. Verlu^ von U. KritMllandcr i^ Sohn in B<'rlin.
1900 and 1901. Part I, Now York StiUo; Part II, (-hiraj^'o.
NAT jfCH 190:? 21 :;ji
322 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1903.
collections of art and science; but apart from this the libraries have
in general already attained a higher degree of development than the
museums, and for that reason I was the less able to pass them by.
All things considered, the American libraries perhaps excel those of
fjurope in architecture and in administration methods, whereas this is
not yet so decidedly the case with the museums. As both the libra-
ries and the museums of the United States are almost unknown to us,
I 
Open Library
