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ESTABLISHED MAY 241n, 1836. 


FIR RAIA RAR EN ns 


OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBHRS, 
“READ AT THE 


ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL Su, 1861, 


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LLL AIOE PALL IOLNI mann 


be ‘Tue Council, in presenting their Report to the Members, 


Society. 


xi the past year. 
ge The Geoleial Curators haye pean os ssshighiesie<) 


TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 


congratulate them on thé continued prosperity - the” 


_ Numerous and valuable additions have been made to the — 
Museum and Library, by donation and purchase, during 


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come of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small 
but judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, 
when required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will 
svon make the entire Geological collection a most valuable 
and instructive one, as indeed it now is, and one of the 
best out of London. 


Some new Cabinets having been lately procured for the 
- Geoligical Collection, now rapidly increasing, the cases are 
less crowded than they were, but many improvements 
might still be effected. 


Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, there 
are several Formations which are still very defective, 
amongst which may be enumerated the following :—The 
Kocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce, 
Headon Hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. London 
Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and Lower 
Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian, and Lower Silurian 
will be very acceptable. 


The Rev. S. Cooke has presented some Tertiary and 
other fossils, which form valuable additions to the Museum. 


The collection of Minerals is still in the same condition, 
and requires complete re-arrangement ; and it would be a 
great advantage to the Society if some member acquainted 
'-with Mineralogy would either kindly undertake its re- 
adjustment or obtain a friend who would do so. 


The Birds are in excellent order, and form a very in- 
structive collection. 


The Shells, which area large and valuable series, require 
some attention, as many of them have become displaced. 
As many members of the Natural History Society do not 


3 


belong to the Field Club, it may interest them to add an 
account of its progress during the past year. 


By the kind permission of the Council of the Natural 
History and Archzological Society the annual Winter Meet- 
ing of the Club was held at the Museum, Warwick, on 


February 28th. 


The Members and their friends, and several ladies, assem- 
bled there at 12 o’clock, shortly after which the Vice-Presi- 
dent, in the absence of the President, took the chair. 


The Rev. R. W. Johnson delivered an address, at the 
request of the President. 


A well merited vote of thanks having been passed, Mr. 
Whittem called upon Mr. Brodie to read his paper “On the 
eruptive forces which prevailed during the Triassic, Carbon- 
iferous, and Silurian periods in a portion of Warwickshire, 
Worcestershire, and Staffordshire, and a short account of the 
nature and origin of Basalt.” 


This paper was illustrated by crawings and sections, and 
in the course of it the author gave a viva voce sketch of the — 
fauna and flora of the Carboniferous and Silurian epochs. 


A vote of thanks having been proposed and carried, Mr. 
Whittem gave an account of a most interesting discovery in 
certain superficial deposits, near Coventry, of an ancient 
hammer-head, from undisturbed beds of clay, supposed to 
belong to the glacial period. 

Mr. Brodie pointed out the importance of this discovery, 
and gave a short statement of the occurrence of flit imple- 
ments in the drift of the South of France associated with 
mammalian remains. 


A very lively discussion followed, in which several 


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Members took part, and the Meeting separated: some devot, 
ing the time before dinner to examining the Museum, and 
others paying a visit to the Lower Keuper quarries at Coten 
End. The Members dined together at the Woolpack, at 5 
o'clock. 

The first Summer meeting of the season was held at Kid- 
derminster on the 22nd of May, 1860, to meet the Worces- 
tershire Naturalists’ Field Club. At the station at Kidder- 
minster the Members of the two Clubs assembled, and 
started under the able guidance of “Mr. G. Roberts, the 
intelligent local Geologist of the di8trict. Proceeding to 
Bewdley, by omnibus, the party examined, first, Bunter Sands, 
one layer of which shews a re-disposition of Permian Glacial 
Drift, a kind of Trappean Breccia, a point of great interest to 
the Geologists ; not far off the upper coal measures are ex- 
posed, in a small section on the railway from Bewdley to 
Bridgenorth—a thin band of fern coal was here seen, with 
a layer two feet thick, fissile yellow clays overlaying it, and 
charged with numerous remains of plants, among which two 
or three new species of Sphenopteris have been found, some 
of the fronds shewing, though rarely, traces of fructification. 
Sphenopteris bifida and affinis. Pecopteris oreopteroides, 
Serli and Adantoides, and some pretty forms of Asterophyl- 
htes, besides impressions of reeds, are the most prevalent 
plants. Woodwardites Roberisii, a new genus and species, 
occurs in a bed of more compact shales a little above, the 
layers of which are too friable to yield leaves of any size or 
perfection. Following the line of rail through these upper 
coal measures, the olive shales were next seen, with Sphe- 
nopteris massilenta and muricata, and Neuropteris gigantea, 
which rest conformably on the Old Red Sandstone of the 
Hill Wood. The point where the line cuts through the old 


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5 


Red is at the foot of the Trimpley anticlinal; a small frag- 
ment of the Pteraspis Lloydii was detected here. Beyond 
this, northern drift gravel is mingled with Severn Channel 


(marine) gravel and sand, and forms a thick capping to the 


same series of coal measures (sandstone and shale) already de- 
scribed. The cutting, 64 feet in height, at the Victoria Bridge, 
over the Severn, exhibited a fine series of Oxideous clays and 
marls, covering up typical yellow-jointed sandstones of the 
upper coal measures. From this spot the party proceeded 
through Eymoor Wood, to ascend the Trimpley anticlinal, at 
the highest point of which, near the Church, the upper Tile- 
stones are exposed in the roadside cuttings, though not known 
in any quarry, as heretofore, and contain Pteraspis Lloydii, 
Lewisii, rostratus, and Banksii. Cephalaspis Lyellii. Ceratio- 
caris ellipticus, Pterygotus problematicus and anglicus, bone 
of Onchus, Ova of Pterygotus (called Parkia dicipiens) and 
remains of plants, Lycopodites, &c. The view from this 
ground was very fine, overlooking Wyre forest, with the 
Severn below, the Clee hills rising up grandly in the distance, 
the Caradoc, and other more distant peaks being distinctly 
visible on the N. W. The view to the South was bounded 
by the Malvern range and the Abberley hills, and on the 
North and East, overlooking Staffordshire, by the Wren’s Nest 
and Barr Beacon, the Rowley, Clent, and Lickey hills. At 
Trimpley Green the party were hospitably entertained by Mr. 
J. Chillingworth. 


Proceeding, after luncheon, to Halls Barn, the typical 
(Herefordshire) Old Red Cornstones were exhibited in a quarry, 
leaving the Permian beds, including the Trappean glacial breccia 
on the right. Descending the east flank of the anticlinal, the 
Members reached the head of the far famed Habberley Valley, a 


2 


6 


striking spot, and of much Geological interest, which evidently 
must have formed, at a later Geological epoch, a backwater of 
the Severn Strait; passing over the Bunter pebble beds, by 
omnibus, to Kidderminster, in time for dinner ; immediately 
after which, the Members of the Warwickshire Field Club were 
obliged to return by rail to Birmingham. 


The day was fine and warm, and the excursion a very 
interesting and instructive one. 


The Worcestershire Club mustered in considerable numbers, 
and the party altogether amounted to about thirty. 

It should be added that the district, especially the neighbour- 
hood of Wyre Forest, is a famous hunting ground for the 
Botanist and Entomologist : the stag beetle being abundant. 

The following rare plants were observed in the neighbour- 
hood of Kidderminster and Bewdley :—Teesdalia nudicaulis, 
Turritis glabra, Cerastium arvense, Erodium maritimum, Orni- 
thopus perpusillus, Potentilla argentea, Vicia sativa var. angus- 
tifolia, Alchemilla vulgaris, Sedum dasyphyllum, Cotyledon 
Umbilicus, Sambucus nigra var. laciniata, Viburnum Opulus, 
Lactuca Scariola, Hieracium murorum, Carlina vulgaris, Lamium 
Galeobdolon, Myosotis collina, Orchis Morio, Allium ursinum, 
Aira precox, Osmunda regalis, Botrychium Lunaria. 


The Hon. Sec. begs to record his thanks to Mr. Roberts, for 
his able account of the Geological feature of the district visited, 
and to which he is mainly indebted for the description above 
given. 

The next meeting was fixed for Ludlow, at the end of June, 
but owing to the meeting of the British Association at Oxford at 
that time, and also at the request of Professor Phillips, who 
wished to attend it, it was postponed until July the 24th. From 
various unforeseen causes, in which continued wet weather may 


7 


have had a share, the meeting at this beautiful and interesting 
place was only attended by two Members; and the Hon. See. 
being himself unable to attend, he is indebted to his friend, the 
Rey. F. Crouch, for the following account of their proceedings. 


The day’s work began at the Forge Bridge, at Downton, on 
Downton Sandstone, passing into the Ludlow Bone bed, a few 
yards further on the same side of the bridge. Crossing the bridge, 
the party followed the Downton Sandstone to the tin mlll, where 
the passage beds, between Silurian and Old Red Sandstone, were 
exposed, similar to those in the Railway cutting near Ludlow. 
Retracing their steps they came upon the Old Red Sandstone 
in the Gorge, and followed up the strata in the escarpment of 
Aymestry limestone at Downton, in the rock. On the way to 
Leintwardine they stopped to examine Lower Ludlow beds, 
where a good specimen of the Silurian Shrimp (Ceratiocaris) was 
found. At Leintwardine, so rich in fossils, especially Star fish, 
here first found in abundance in Silurian strata, the Geologists 
were not very successful, though a few turned up with a silver 
hammer. 

Ascending Mocktree Hill, the Members returned to Ludlow 
to dinner. 

The day was fortunately fine, and the excursion a most 
agreeable one, in the midst of beautiful scenery, and in a country 
fertile in Geological treasures. 

On the 5th of September, the Club met at Blisworth, at 1 
o’clock. There the party divided, the Archeologists going on to 
Northampton, to inspect the churches and antiquities of the city. 
The Geologists went to the quarries of Inferior Uolite, exten- 


__ sively worked for the ironstone, and then ascended the hill near 


the village, where there are several quarries of Great Oolite, 
which is largely used for chimney pieces and other economical 


8 
purposes. ‘The sections were numerous and interesting, and 
many fossils were picked up. 

After a pleasant walk, the Members met at the hotel, at 4.3Q, 
to dinner. 

Daily observations have been made with the Barometer 
and Thermometers. 

The Accounts have been audited, and the General Finan- 
cial Statement from March 26th, 1860, to March 26th, 
1861, is appended to this report. 

The Museum, now containing a valuable and well- 
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and Anti- 
quities, as well as a Library, which, though not extensive, 
contains many works of cost and value, is highly creditable 
to the Town and County of Warwick, and deserves a much 
greater amount of support than it has of late years re- 
ceived. An excellent foundation has been laid, but much 
more might be effected if adequate means were placed at 
the disposal of the Council. 

Owing to the losses by death of several subscribers, 
during the past year, and the small number of additional 
members, the funds of the Society are in a much less satis- 
factory condition than could be desired. 


“ 


GEOLOGY. 


DONATIONS. 


Five Specimens of Cephalaspis asterolepis, n.s., from Upper Corn Stones, 
Old Red, Hightington, near Bewdley; and two Specimens of 
Cephalaspis Lyellii, Ag., presented by G. E. Roberts, Esq., of 
Kidderminster. 

Three Specimens of Estuarine Coal Shale, from Gibhouses, Wyre Forest. 
Presented by G. E. Roberts, Esq. 

Stigmaria ——, inner bark, shewing tuberculated surface, from the Upper 
Coal Measure, Shatterford, Worcestershire. Presented by G. KE. 
Roberts, Esq. 

Coral, from Wenlock Limestone, Dudley. Presented by Mr. Camouls, 

Graptolithus —, from the Lower Silurian, North Wales. Presented a 
the Rey. P. B. Brodie. 

Corals, &c., from Mountain Limestone, Clifton. Presented by the Rev. 

E. Jervoise. 


Tooth of a Saurian, n.s. from the Lower Keuper, Coten End, Warwick, 
Presented by Miss Strachan. 

Cardinia crassissima, Stutch., from the Mazlstone, Gloucestershire. Pre- 
sented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 

Avicula ——, from the Lias, Chipping Camden, Gloucestershire. Pre- 
sented by the Rev. P B. Brodie. 

Montlivaltia Guetardi, from the Lower Lias, Fenny Compton. Presented 
by the Rey. P. B. Brodie. 

Leptolepis concentricus, Eg., from the Upper Lias, Dumbleton, Glouces- 
tershire. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 

Leda ovalis and Arca ——, from the Upper Lias, Eydon, North- 
amptonshire. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 

Hyboclypus caudatus, Wright. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodig 


10 


Cidaris Bouchardi, from the Inferior Oolite, Cheltenham. Presented by 
the Rey. P. B. Brodie. 

Holectypus hemispheericus, Desor., from the Inferior Oolite, Dorsetshire. 
Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 

Cone of Thuytes expansus; Fruits allied to Hazel; Carpolithes conicus, 
Lindl; Pollicipes ooliticus, Buchman; and Elytron of one of the 
Buprestide, from Stonefield Slate, Gloucestershire. Presented by the 
Rev. P. B. Brodie. 

Two Echinoderms, from the Coralline Oolite, Malton, Yorkshire. Pre- 
sented by the Rev. 8. Cooke. 

Leaf of Fern, from the Base of the Great Oolite, Gristhorpe Bay, Pre- 
sented by the Rev. 8. Cooke. 

Millepore, from Millepore Bed, Base of Great Oolite. Gristhorpe Bay, 
Yorkshire. Presented by the Rev. 8. Cooke. 

Spongia claveroides, from the Great Oolite, Bath. Presented by the 
Rey. P. B. Brodie. 

Clypeus Mulleri, and Coral, from the Great Oolite, Maidford, Northampton- 
shire. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 

Collyrites ringens, from the Inferior Oolite, Dorset. Presented by the Rey. 
P. B. Brodie. 

- Acrosalenia pustulata, Forbes, from the Great Oolite, Broughton, near Ban- 
bury. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 

Echinobrissus Griesbachii , fromthe Great Oolite, Blisworth, Nor- 
thamptonshire. Presented by the Rey. P. B. Brodie. 

Slab of Great Oolite, with Nerineea ——, Blisworth, near Northampton. 
Presented by the Rev. A. Pownall. 

Echinobrissus scutatus, from the Coral Rag, Oxford. Presented by the 
Rey. P. B. Brodie. 

Series of Fossils, Shells, consisting of Cypris and Fucoid Plants, from the 
Purbecks, Swanage, Dorset, and Kimmeridge Clay Shells. Presented 
by W. R. Brodie, Esq. 

Spondylus , or Ostrea ——, from the Portland Oolite, Portland, Pre- 
sented by the Rey. E. Roy. 

Pecten lamellosus, Sow. and Trigonia gibbosa, Sow., from Brill, Port- 
land Oolite. Presented by the Rey. P. B. Brodie. 

Polypothecia pyriformis, from the Upper Green Sand, Blackdown, Devon, 
Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 


Il 


Cyrena Dulwichiensis, ».s.; Cyrena cordata, Morris; Cyrena cuneifor- 
mis, Sow; Petharella Rickmani, 7.g.; Paludina lenta, Branda; Arca, 
(French species), from the Woolwich series. Presented by the Rev. 
P. B. Brodie. 

A Series of Tertiary Fossils, from Bracklesham, Barton, and Hord- 
well. Presented by the Rey. 8. Cooke. 

Fine Slab of Shells, from Bracklesham. Presented by the Rev. 8. Cooke. 


MINERALOGY. 
DONATIONS. 
Fire Clay, from Shatterford, near Arley. 


Water Stone, with Carbonate of Copper, from Bell Broughton, Pre- 
sented by Mr, Roberts. 


ZOOLOGY. 
DONATIONS. 
Bone of Saw Fish, from India, Presented by Captain Wyndham Baker, 
Madras Horse Artillery. 
Jaws of Skate, and of Shark, and Tree Lobster, Presented by Mr. Stan- 
ley, 10, Upper Parade, Leamington. 


Two Stag Beetles, from Wyre Forest. Presented by the Rey. P. B. 
Brodie. 


LIBRARY. 
DONATIONS. 
Brodie, P. B. Paper on the Occurrence of Footsteps of the Cheirotherium 
in the Warwickshire Keuper. Presented by the Author. 
Lithograph of Pecopteris Serlii, from the collection of Henry Johnson, 
Esq., of Dudley. 
Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool. No. 
14. Presented by that Society. 
Transactions of the Edinburgh Botanical Society. Vol. 6, Part 3. Pre- 
sented by that Society. 
PURCHASES. 


Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser. 3. No. 21 to 41. 


12 


Ansted, G. J. Geological Gossip. 
Bree, C. R. A History of the Birds of Europe. Part 24 to 36. 
Chenu. Manuel de Conchyliologie, Part 2. 
Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland during the Middle 
Ages :— 
Royal and Historical Letters during the Reign of King Henry IV., &e. 
Peacock’s Professor. 2 Vols. 
The Annales Cambriz. 
Fragmenta Gildhalle Londoniensis. Vol. 2, Parts 1 and 2. 
Eulogium Historiarum, Vol. 2. 
Cooper, C. H. and T. Athen Cantabrigienses. Vo. 2. 
Couch, J. A History of the Fishes of the British Islands. No.1 to 8. 
Damon, R. Handbook of the Geology of Weymouth and the Island of 
Portland. 
Supplement to the above. 
Encyclopzdia Britannica, Vol. 20 and 21, and Index. 
Geologist. No. 30 to 41. 
Morris, F.0. A Natural History of British Moths. No, 7 and 8. 
Paleontographical Society’s Publications :— 
Davidson, T. The British Carboniferous Brachiopoda. Part 5, 8rd 
portion. 
Edwards, F. E. The Eocene Mollusca. Part 3, No. 3. 
Owen, R. The Fossil Reptilia. Sup. 3 and Sup. 2. 
Wright, T. The British Fossil Echinodermata, from the Oolite 
Formations. Part 4. 
Phillips, J. Life on the Earth: Its Origin and Succession. 
Ray Society’s Publications :— 
Blackwall. J. Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part }. 
Roberts, G. E. The Rocks of Worcestershire: Their Mineral Character 
and Fossil Contents. 
Wood, J.G. Illustrated Natural History. No, 15 to 27. 


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Ortcers of the Society. 
1861-62. 


PATRON. 


Tue Ricur Honovraste THE Hart or Warwick. 


PRESIDENT. 
Epwarp Greaves, Esa., M.P. 


VICE-PRESIDENRNTS. 

Tue Ricur HonovurasLe THE Earn or AYLESFORD. 
CuHarLes Houtte BRAcEBRIDGE, Esa. 
Watrer Heyry Braceprivcs, Esa. 

Tue Rey. Wini1am Tuomas Brez, M.A. 
Tur Ricur Honouraste Lorp Dormer. 
Cuartes Frernerston-Ditke, Esa. 

Tue Rev. Cuartes W. Horpecu, M.A. 
Cuanpos Wren Hosxyns, Esa. 

Tuer Rigor Honovras.e Lorp Leren, F.Z.8. 
Georce Luoyp, Esa., M.D., F.G.S. 

Srmr Cuartes Morpaunt, Barr., M.P. 
Sm George Ricuarp Puruips, Bart. 
Marx Putuirs, Esa. 

Evetyn Purre Surrey, Hsq., M.P., F.S.A. 
Joun Sraunton, Esq. 

Sir Rosert Grorce Turockmorton, Barr. 
Tar Ricut Honovraste Lorp WILLouGHBY DE Broke. 
Henry CuristopHer Wise, Esq. 


HONORARY SECRETARIES. 
Tue Rev Perer Betiincrer Bropir, M.A., F.G.S. 
Win11am Groves Perry. F.B.S.E. 


15 
HONORARY CURATORS. 
Grology ant Aineralagy. 


Tux Rey. P. B. Broviz, M.A., F.G.S. | Joun Witi1am Krrswaw, Esa. 
Groree Luoyp, Ese., M.D., F.G.S. 


Baton. 
Tue Rev. Wim T. Baez, M.A. | Wittiam Groves Perry, F.B.S.E. 
Freperick TownsEnp, Esa., F.B.S.E. 


Zunlogy. 


Tur Rey. Wit11am T. Brez, M.A. Witt1am Groves Perry, F.B.S.E. 


Tur Rey. W. Hoventon, M.A., F.L.S. | Roserr Fisaer Tomss, Esa., F.Z.8. 
Grorce Lioyp, Esa., M.D., F.G.S. Tur Rey. Henry J. Torre, B.A. 


Arrbenlogy. 
Marrurw Horsecue Broxam, Ese. Joun FretueErston, Jun., Esqa., F.S.A. 
W. B. Dicxrinson, Ese., M.R.C.S. Grorce T. Roxsryson, Esa., F.G.H.S. 


PHotroralagy. 


Witi1am Groves Perry, F.B.S.E. 


Library. 
Hi. Brenxinsor, Esa., F.R.C.S. Enc. | Wr1am Groves Perry, F.B.S.E. 


‘ 


TREASURER. 
Epwarp Greaves, Ese., M.P. 
COUNCIL. 
Tue Patron Tue Rey, E. Tuornton Copp, M.A. 
Tur PRESIDENT. Tue Rey. Berpmore Compton, M.A. 
Tue Victu-PRESIDENTS. Tuomas Cotton, Iisa. 
Taz Honorary SECRETARIES. Masor-Generat Joun H. FREER. 
Tur Honorary Curators. Ricuarp Greaves, Esa. 
Tus TREASURER. Ketyner Greenway, Esa. 
Jonas LAncrorD Brooxs, Esa. James Cove Jonzs, Esa., F.S.A. 
Witi1Am Epwarp Bucx, Esa. Tue Rey. Epmunp Roy, M.A. 


Tue Rev. T. J. Carrwricut. Tuomas Tomson, Ese., M.D. 


16 


Dist of Stlembers. 


its i ol Bp 


OI 


HONORARY MEMBERS. 


THE Rey. Apam Sepewick, B.D., F.RS., F.LS., F.GS., 
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College and 
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of 
Cambridge, &c. 


Ropert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.SS.L. & E., F.R.C.P.E., 
F.LS., F.GS., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy 
and Zoology at the University College, London, §c., Grafton 
Place, Euston Square, London. 


JoHn Putters, Esa., M.A., F.RS., F.G.S., Deputy Reader 
in Geology, and Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in the 
University of Oxford, §c., Magdalen Bridge, Oxford. 


Joun Conotiy, D.C.L., M.D., F.R.C.P., late Professor of 
the Nature and Treatment of Diseases at the University 
College, London, &c., Lawn House, Hanwell, Middlesex. 


LIEUTENANT-CoLONEL Witi1AM Henry SyKes, M.P., F.RBS., 
F.LS., F.G.S., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde Park, London. 


SaMuEL Brrcu, Esq., Assistant Keeper of Antiquities, British 
Museum. 


ALBERT Way, Esq, M.A., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British 
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the’ ‘“ Comite des 
Arts et Monuments,” §c., Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey. 


17 


MEMBERS. 


THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS, 


The Right Honourable Heneage Finch, Earl of Aylesford, 
Packington Hall, Vice-President. 
Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick. 
William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington. 
Henry Blenkinsop, Esq., F.R.C.S.Eng., F.R.M.C.S., Warwick, 
Hon. Curator. 
Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator. 
George Fowler Bodington, M.R.C.S.Eng., Kenilworth. 
*Charles Holte Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice- 
President. 
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sherbourne, 
Vice-President. 
Henry Bradley, Esq., Leamington. 
The Rev. William Thomas Bree, M.A., Allesley, near Coventry, 
Vice-President and Hon. Curator. 
The Rey. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Rowington, 
Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator. 
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke and 
Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron. 
Jonas Langford Brooke, Esq., No. 7, Dormer Place, Leaming- 
ton, Member of Council. 
William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 
Ralph Augustus Busby, Esq., Avenue House, Spencer Street, 
“Leamington. 
Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrook Grange, near Rugby. 
The Rey. Thomas Garden Carter, M.A. 


18 


The Rev. Theodore John Cartwright, Preston Bagot, Member of 
Council. 

J. Cecil, Esq., Warwick. 

Robert Lucas Chance, Esq., Summerfield House, near Bir- 
mingham. 

The Rev. Thomas Chapman, M_A., Radford Semele. 

Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick. : 

The Rev. Edward Thornton Codd, M.A., Tachbrooke, Afember 
of Council. 

The Rev. Berdmore Compton, M.A.. Barford, Member of 
Council. 

Mr. Samnel William Cooke, Warwick. 

Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth, Member of 
Council. b 

William Binley Dickinson, Esq, MRCS. MNS., No. 5, 
Lansdowne Cireus, Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord Dormer, 
Grove Park, Vice-President. 

George Knight Erskine Fairholme, Esq., No. 5, York Terrace, 
Leamington. 

John Fetherston, Jun., Esq. FS.A., Packwood House, Hockley 
Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator. 

Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq , Maxsteke Castle, near Coleshill, 
Vice-President. 

Major-General John Harbidge Feeer, Clifton Villa, Leam Ter_ 
race, Leamington, }fember of Council. 

John Goodhall, Esq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick. 

*Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P., Avonside, Barford, President 
and Treasurer. 

Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House. Warwick, Member of 
Council. 

Mrs. Greayes, Portland Place, Leamington. 


 — 


19 


Miss Greenway, Warwick. 

Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

The Rev. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, Leamington. 

The Rev. William Thomas Hadow, M.A., Haseley. 

John Hampden, Esq., M.N.S., No. 4, Clarence Terrace, Leam- 
ington. 

Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, London, 
W.C. 

Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

Abraham Burbery Herbert, Esq., Keresley, near Coventry. 

The Rev. Charles W. Holbech, M.A., Farnborough, Vice- 
President. , 

Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Vice-President. 

The Rev. William Houghton, M.A., F.L.S., Solihull, Hon. 
Curator. . 

William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-upon-Avon. 

Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M-R.C.S., Warwick. 

The Rev. Thomas Jackson, Hatton. 

The Rev. John Jameson, M.A., Villa Rost: Warwick Road, 
Leamington. 

The Rey. Francis Ellis Jervoise, M.A., No. 7, Euston Place, 
Leamington. 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S., ane House, Wem- 
ber of Council. 

Kimberly, Warwick. 
William Kirshaw, Esq., Warwick, Hon. Curator. - 

Mrs. Lamb, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh, 
F.ZS., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President. 

George Lloyd, Esq., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham, Vice-President 
and Hon. Curator. 

The Rey. Thomas Longman, Hampton-on-the-Hill. 


20 


The Rey. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy. 

Matthew Malcolm, Esq., Kineton. 

Mr. Samuel Mailory, Warwick. 

Miss Moor, No. 5, Waterloo Place, Leamington. 

John Moore, Esq., Warwick. 

Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., M.P., Walton, Vice-President. 

George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick. 

Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick. 

The Rev. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton. 

William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton. 

Owen Pell, Esq., Leamington. 

Mr. William Groves Perry, F.B.S.E., Warwick, Hon. Secretary 
and Hon. Curator. 

The Rev. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New Square, 
Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C. 

Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near Shipston- 
upon-Stour, Vice- President. 

Mark Philips, Esq. Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-President. 

The Rev. Canon Charles Pilkington, B.C.L., Stockton, uear 
Southam. 

George William John Repton, Esq., M.P. 

The Rev. James Riddell, M.A., No. 3, Beauchamp Terrace 
East, Leamington. 

George Thomas Robinson, Esq., F.G.H.S., No. 14, Milverton 
Crescent, Leamington, Hon. Curator. * 

The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth, Member of Council, 

Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street, Leamington. 

Colonel Scott, Baginton Hall. 

Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., M.P., F.S.A., Eatington Park, 
‘near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President. 

The Rev. Henry Wilmot Sitwell, M.A., Leamington Hastings, 
near Southam. 


21 


William Smith, Esq., Warwick. 

John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Vice-President. 

Miss Strachan, No. 5, Warwick Terrace, Leamington. 

Henry Summerfield, Esq., Warwick. 

Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace, Leam- 
ington, Member of Council. 

Sir’Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland, Faringdon, 
Vice-President. 

Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Weston-upon-Avon, Hon. 
Curator. 

The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator. 

Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.S.E., Oakfield, Leaming- 
ton, Hon. Curator. 

William Walker, Esq., Warwick. 

James Robert West, Esq, Alscot Park, near Stratford-upon- 
Avon. 

*George Whieldon, Esq.. Springfield House, near Bedworth. 

The Right Honourable Robert John Barnard-Verney, Lord 
Willoughby de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President. 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., Woodcote; Leek Wootton, Vice 
President. . e 

Matthew Wise, Esq., Shrublands, Leamington. 

The Rev. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash. 


22 


Rist of Patrons and residents, 


1836—18653. 
1853—1862. 
1886—1837, 
1837—1838. 
1838—1839. 
1839—1840. 
1840—1841. 
1841—1842. 
1842—18438, 
1843—1844. 
1844—1845. 
1845—1846, 
1846—1847. 
1847—1848. 
1848—1849. 
1849—1850. 
1850—1851. 


1851—1852. 
1852—1853. 


1858—1854. 
1854—1855. 
1855—1856. 
1856—-1857. 
1857—1858. 
1858—1859. 
1859—1860. 
1860—1861. 
1861—1862. 


FROM 1836 TO 1862. 


PATRONS. 


Tue Ricur HonovrasteE Henry RicHarp GREVILLE, 
Eart Brooke anp Eart or Warwics, K.T., LL.D. 

Tue Ricut HonovraBie GEoRGE Guy GRRVILLE, Haru 
Brooke anp Eart or Warwick. 


PRESIDENTS. 


Cuanvos Leicu, Esa,, F.H.S. 

Sm Joun Morpavnt, Barrt., M.P. 

Sm Jonn Earpiry Earpiry Witmor, Bart., M.P., F.R.S. 

Wittram Hoxsecue, Esa., F.G.S. 

Tur Ricut HonovrasLte GrorGE Guy GREVILLE, Lorp 
Brooke, 

Cuartts Hotte Bracesrincs, Esa. 

Witt1am Staunton, Esa. 

Smr Franeis Lawsey, Bart., F.H.S., F.Z.5, 

Sm Gray Sxipwirn, Barr. 

Srr Joun Roserr Cave Browne Cavs, Barr. 

Tur Mosx Honourasie SrenceR Josuva Aiwyne Comp- 
Ton, Maravess or NortHamprTon, D.C.L., PResmEenz 
RS., F.S.A., Hon. M.R.LA, F.G.S. 

Evetyn Joun Surrey, Ese., MP. 

Tur HonovraBLe WittiaM Henry Letcu. 

Sir Txropuitus Broputrs, Barr. 

Cuanpos WreEN Hosxyns, Esa, 

Marx Purttes, Esa. 

Henry CuristoPHeR Wise, Esa. 

Joun Staunton, Esa, 

Water Henry Bracesrings, Esa, 

Cuanpos Wren Hosxyns, Ese. 

Tue Ricut Honovrasre WittiAM Henry Lees, Lorp 
Leien, F.Z.S. ? 

EvEtyn Puritip Sareury, Esa., M.P., F.S.A. 

Tue Rev. Vaucuan Tuomas, B.D. 

Sir Grorce Ricuarp Puiuirs, Barr, 

Epwarp Greaves, Ese, M.P. 

Epwarp Greaves, Esa., M.P. 


iy 


23 


The Quarterly General Meetings of the Members of the 
Society are held at the Museum on the First Thursdays in the 
months of January, April, July, and October, at One o’clock. 
At these Meetings, communications on any Branch of Natural 
History and Archeology are received and read ; and a Lecture 
delivered.—Each Member can introduce two visitors. 


The Meetings of the Council are held Monthly, on the First 
Tuesday in the Month, at Half-past One o’clock. 


The Museum is open daily from Eleven o’clock to Five be- 
tween the First of March and the Thirty-first of October, and 
from Ten o’clock to Four between the First of November and 
the Last Day of February. 


= The Annual Subscription for 1861 will become due on 
the 24th day of May; and the Council urgently request that 
the Subscribers will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at 
the Bank of Messrs. Greaves, Greenway, and Smith, Warwick ; 
or to Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of Sub-- 
scriptions, Leicester Street, Leamington. 


W. G. PERRY, PRINTER; WARWICK, 


yu ce 


7 
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eaances $8 


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Wao te tent 


oF biG ea a ce ie RY a. eat r eee aie 


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B ieiop UBS itr a Epi 24s 


ae 


Re Brosiepo7t. ds ob hing of oF | soa bee Le 
a Bs Moin. We ifithe bre rows sie Ab yesab) cs 
Fug te sopoatlnd) “ail! Misa aft thoiiath 


n> 


a CAN BAY, rr 


WARWICKSHIRE 


ATUR AL HISTORY 


~ ‘fa 
33 4 


TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT 
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS, 


READ AT THE 


ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 10th, 1868. 


PRALINE 


Taz Council, in presenting their Report to the Members, 
congratulate them on the continued prosperity of the 
Society. 

Numerous and valuable additions have been made to the 
Museum and Library, by donation and purchase, daring 
the past year. 


The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arranging 
a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and some of 
the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small but 
judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when 
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon 
make the entire Geological collection a most. valuable and 
instructive one, and one of the best out of London. At 


2 


present, the collections of Natural History and Geology, 
form a good educational medium for all classes, and it is of 
the utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency. 


Some new Cabinets have been lately procured for the 
Geological Collection, now rapidly increasing, the cases are 
less crowded then they were, but many improvements might 
still be effected. 


Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, there 
are several Formations which are still very defective, 
amongst which may be enumerated the following :—The 
Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce, 
Headon Hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. London 
Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and Lower 
Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower Silurian will 
will be very acceptable. The aid of the members is parti- 
cularly requested in procuring fossils from the County, 
especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian, as it 
should be the chief aim of all Local Museums to have as 
fine a suite as possible from the Strata which occur in the 
immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire 
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out. 


The collection of Minerals is still in the same condition 
and requires complete re-arrangement; and it would be a 
great advantage to the Society if some member acquainted 
with Mineralogy would either kindly undertake its re-adjust- 
ment or obtain a friend who would do so. 


The Birds are in excellent order, and form a very 
instructive collection. 


3 


The Shells, which are a Jarge and valuable series, require 
some attention, as many of them have become displaced. A 
series of the land and freshwater Shells of Warwickshire 
would be an important addition. 


As many members of the Natural History Society do not 
belong to the Field Club, it may interest them to add a short 
account of its progress during the past year. 


The Winter Meeting of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ 
Field Club was held at the Museum, Warwick, on Thursday, 
the 13th of February. This was a joint meeting of the 
Malvern Club with the Warwickshire, and was tolerably 
well attended, though not so numerous as the oceasion 
merited. In the absence of the President, the Rev. P. B. 
Brodie, F.G.S., the Vice-President took the chair. He 
opened the business of the day by welcoming the members 
of the Malvern Club, and then reviewed briefly the proceed- 
ings of the Warwick Field Club during the past year. He 
then called upon the Rev. St. J ohn Parry, President of 
Leamington College, to describe a portion of an antler of 
the red deer, which had been found in certain beds of clay, 
supposed to be London clay, near Gosport. It exhibited 
marksof a knife or hatchet ; and a short discussion followed 
as to the true nature of the deposit in which it occurred ; 
and the geologists present were unanimously of opinion 
that the clay would be found rather to belong to the drift 
than so old a formation as an eocene tertiary stratum. 


The Vice-President next called upon the Rev. W.Symonds, 
the President of the Malvern Field Club, to deliver his 
address on Geological Facts and Theories. He commenced 


4 


by giving an astronomical view of the history of the earth. 
He combatted the idea of an original universal molten 
condition of our planet, alluding to the early and first traces 
of life in the lowest or Cambrian rocks ; and gave a brief 
review of Darwin’s theory of the origin of species by 
natural selection, to which he expressed himself decidedly 
opposed, and so passed on to other interesting geological 
facts and theories.** 


R. Greaves, Esq., proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. 
Symonds, which was seconded by J. S. Whittem, Esq. 


J. W. Kirshaw, Esq., then rose to request the Rev. P. B. 
Brodie to give a lecture on the succession of life on the 
ancient earth, It occupied an hour and a half, and it is 
impossible, in a brief sketch, to enter into all the interesting 
subjects of which it treated. It was an extempore discourse 
largely illustrated with numerous drawings, diagrams, and 
fossils, which fully illustrated the topics discussed. 


The Lecturer first pointed out the influence of climate on land and 
depth in the ocean on the distribution of life. All the great types of 
lite began simultaneously and independently. The life of the 
Paleozoic rocks was shown to be entirely marine, which was fullest 
in the Wenlock and Ludlow groups. Ferns and land plants first 
appear in the uppermost Ludlow zone. Ere the close of this epoch 
many forms of mollusks disappear, and were succeeded by other 
new and representative forms, to which ample allusion was made in the 
succeeding formations up to the newest Tertiary. The structure of the 
singular placoid and ganoid fish was pointed out, especially those of 
the Old Red Sandstone; the cycloid and ctenoid orders commenced 
with the chalk, The thirteen orders of reptiles, five of which are both 
recent and fossil, were largely dwelt upon, and traced upwards from 
their first appearance in the carboniferous series to their gradual 
extinction upwards. The structure and nature of the Salamander-like 
labyrinthodon was especially referred to, because the Warwick Museum 


* The Hon. Sec. regrets that he cannot insert the Address of the Rev. W. Symonds, 
as the author has lost his M.M.S., but should it be found hereafter, he hopes it may 
be printed and circulated amongst the Members. 


5 


contains the finest collection of the remains of this extinct reptile in 
the kingdom, and a fine suite of footsteps was exhibited to the meeting. 
The majority of these ancient reptiles inhabited the sea, but some were 
terrestrial and of great size, although none of them equalled the 
gigantic mammalian whale in bulk. From a brief review of the marine 
life of the various geological periods, the Lecturer passed on to explain 
the fresh water and terrestrial life of the successive geological epochs. 
Many estuarine ana river shells were found in the Coal, Wealden, 
Purbecks, Stonesfield slate, and fresh water Tertiaries. The fresh water 
races were comparatively few, and extend over large areas. They 
were created after the marine, and the fossil and living forms 
greatly resemble each other. The same may be said to some extent of 
the insects, crustacea, and reptiles in fresh water strata, and adhere 
much to generic and family type. Insects first appear in the Coal with 
a land shell (pupa) and a centipede, and occur more abundantly in the 
Lias and Oolites. The peculiarity of these was spoken of at some 
length. Land plants occur both in marine, but especially in estuarine 
and lacustrine deposits above Silurian rocks. Ferns abounded in the 
Coal and Oolites, of which many are peculiar and extinct. There were 
few fossil birds, the supposed footsteps of them in the new red sand- 
stone of America, have lately been inferred to belong to reptiles; but 
the remains of a bird have been noticed in the green sand at Cambridge. 
(See Owen's Palon, Pp. 291.) It is the lower half of the trifid 
metatarsal of an outer joint of a bird, about the size of a woodcock 
and at Solenhofen in Germany, in the Middle Oolite a considerable 
portion of the skeleton, with- attached feathers, of a remarkable bird 
(Archeopteryx Macrurus) has been described by Professor Owen, and 
is now deposited in the British Museum. Entire skeletons have, 
however, been met with in the Tertiary deposits. Allusion was here 
made to the extinct dodo and gigantic dinornis, very much larger than 
the ostrich, of New Zealand. ‘The first trace of a mammal was shewn 
to bein the Trias of America, the marsupial order first appearing. 
This was followed by the insectiyora of Stonesfield, which partly 
belong to the insectivora and marsupiala, and oneis a vegetable feeding 
pachyderm. These were sueceeded by the insectivora and rodentia of 
the Purbecks, ;which were also partly marsupial. The continent of 
Australia, in its peculiar marsupial fauna, presents probably the nearest 
resemblance to the condition of the earth during the position of the 
Oolités. The inference as to climate from the above facts tends to the 
idea of a more uniform warmth throughout the ancient globe,the plants 
which formed the coal particularly indicating warmth and damp. The 
pachyderms and reptiles, the corals and crinoids, all point to the same 


conclusion. The Lecturer concluded by a brief summing up of the 
facts above noticed, shewing an advance and progress in the succession 
of genera and species in the main, and indicating a definite creative 
plan which binds the whole into one unbroken and harmonious system 


of life. 


A vote of thanks having been proposed by C. Faulkner, 
Esq., and carried unanimously, the meeting was adjourned. 


6 


On Wednesday, May 21st, the Warwickshire Naturalists’ 
and Archeologists’ Field Club held their first Sammer Meet- 
ing at Evesham. The members assembled proceeded by train 
to Fladbury, but the weather being rainy, the Archzologists 
returned to Evesham, where they spent the day in examining 
the Churches and a collection of coms and antiquities; 
no account of which has yet been forwarded to the Secretary. 
The Geologists, who formed but a small party, braved the 
weather and walked to a gravel pit, opened on the lime at 
Fladbury. These gravels are called low-level drifts and 
are supposed to be of fresh water origin, as in places, 
especially at Bricklehampton, Bengworth, and Cropthorne, 
on the opposite side of the Avon, they contain such shells 
as Cyclas cornea, Unio antiquior and Cyrena consobrina, 
extinct in Europe, but still found living in the Nile, 
India, and America. Remains of elephant, hippopotamus, 
rhinoceros, hyzna, several species of deer and bos have 
been also collected from all these places. At Fladbury 
the drift consists of fine sand and coarse gravel, made up of 
rolled and water-worn pebbles of rocks of various ages, Lias 
fossils being most abundant, the materials of which were no 
doubt largely furnished by the adjacent Lias, The most 
interesting of these fossils is a species of Isastrea often of 
large size and in good preservation, which was first detected 
here by our able associate, Mr. Tomes. This coral has been 
found in situ at Fladbury brickyard and Bromsberrow by 
Messrs. Tomes, Chattock and Brodie. On leaving this pit 
the party proceeded to the Cracombe hills, where the lowest 
beds of the Lias are seen in conjunction with the red marl, 
The black shales of the Bone Bed (the Bone Bed itself being 
absent), the Pecten valonensis Bed and Estheria Bed are all 


4 


present; but the section is unfortunately much obscured by 
the grass and trees, and therefore few fossils were collected, 
The view from these hills is very pretty, overlooking the 
valley of the Avon, with the Malvern and Bredon hills in 
the distance, Broadway and other Cotswold promontories 
ranging further to the south and south east. The clay pits 
of lower Lias at Randall’s brickyard, were next examined and 
a few characteristic fossils obtained, viz.— fine specimens of 
Cardinia ovalis, Astarte lurida, and other shells ; but this pit, 
rich in fossils, is now closed. Low down in the sections some 
choice specimens of Isastrea have been found. Walking 
through Evesham another clay pit, on the other side of the 
town, was visited, and a few Ammonites collected, one of 
which is probably a variety of a A. semicostatus, obtained by 
Mr. Tomes. The Cracombe district is affected by a line of 
fault which was first noticed by the late lamented Hugh 
Strickland, and the neighbourhood is rendered classical by the 
yaluable researches of this eminent Geologist. The upper 
Keuper on which, in places, the lowest beds of Lias rest, is 
interesting as containing a band of sandstone intercalated full 
of minute fish scales and bones. 


The following list of plants has been kindly forwarded by 
F, Townsend, Esq. who collected them during the excursion :— 
Ranunculus Drouetii, F. Schultz, in a small pond near Fladbury 
Station ; Ranunculus arvensis, Clematis vitalba, Papaver arge- 
mone, Lepidium campestre, Helianthemum vulgare, var with 
strongly revolute margins to the leaves; Polygala calcarea, 
F, Schultz (syn) Pamarella, Coss and Germ, atl. K. 7, P. amara, 
Don E. B. 8. 2764; Geranium pusillum, Lathyrus Aphaca, 
Rosa spinosissima, Bryonia dioica, Conium maculatum, Viburnum 


8 


Lantana, Galium Mollugo, Fedia olitoria, Inula Conyza, Chlora 
perfoliata, Lysimachia nemorum Juniperus communis, Listera, 
ovata, Carex muricata, hirta glauca Scop. var aggregata Reich. 
Festuca myurus, Bromus erectus, Huds B. macrostachys, Gren 
and God. Polygala calcarea, F. Schultz, grows in abundance on 
the Lias hills above Fladbury. 


Polygala vulgaris occurs in the above locality in company with 
P. calcarea, but both retain their individual habit and mode of 
growth, &e., by which the plants are easily distinguished, inde- 
pendently of other specific characters. - 


On Wednesday, June 25th, the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and 
Archeologists’ Field Club met at Cheltenham. At twelve o’clock 
the members assembled at the Queen’s, and with several mem- 
bers of the Cheltenham Naturalists’ Association proceeded to 
Leckhampton hill. The section at the large quarry was first 
examined, where the upper Lias is seen in junction with the 
basement beds of the Inferior Oolite, showing, upwards, @ good 
section of the pisolite or peagrit and the shelly and bastard 
freestone. ‘The members then walked on to the western escarp- 
ment where the Oolite marl lying between the upper and lower 
freestones is exposed with a considerable extension of pisolite in 
that direction. Mr. Brodie here pointed out the interest and 
importance of this fine section, which he explained in detail, and 
alluded to the extensive Geological range of varied formations 
which the grand view from this point commands. Commencing 
with the Great Oolite in the more distant Cotswolds and Stones- 
field slate on the east, the eye traverses the vast Liassic plain 
below from the upper Lias, Marlstone and lower Lias to the New 
red sandstone at Wanlode Cliff, on the north west. The car- 
poniferous series of the Forest of Dean was visible in the distant 


9 


west, with the whole of the upper Silurian system, including the 
Llandovery sandstone round May Hill anticlinal, Longhope and 
Malvern, the syenitic axis of which stands out in bold relief on 
the extreme north. Ona clear day the Welsh Mountains are 
seen in the far west, which include the whole of the Paleozoic 
formations, the entire view being unsurpassed in England. Near 
the devil’s chimney,on Leckhampton, luncheon was kindly provided 
by the Rey. W. Norwood. From this point the Club retraced their 
steps to the northern escarpment in order to examine the ragstone 
or Trigonia grit, which caps the hill and is the highest member of 
the Inferior Oolite. This stratum is succeeded by the Gryphite 
grit, characterised by the abundance Gryphea Buckmani. 
neither of which bands appear in any other portion of the hill, 
Numerous characteristic fossils were found in the course of the day, 
including Belemnites brevis, Pecten lens, Terebratula perovalis and 
impressa, Natica Leckhamptonensis, Astarte elegans, Terebratula 
fimbria, Serpula socialis, Patella rugosa and inornata, Acrosalenia 
Lycetti, Gryphea Buckmani, Lima proboscidea, Myacites and 
Thecosmilia gregaria. 


On the following day, the party set off for Cleeve Hill, the 
Pisolite here is well exposed and forms a bold escarpment 
for some distance being particularly rich in Echinoderms and 
Bryozoa. Certain beds, such as the roadstone, extensively 
quarried for this purpose and loaded with organic remains, are 
seen only at this spot. The freestone and Oolite marl are also 
seen in situ, but, owing to a considerable fall of the Oolite masses, 
the section is at first sight much confused and can only be 
correctly made out by careful study. The following section, 
taken on the spot, will explain the relations of the different 
strata. 


10 


1.—Lower Trigonia grit. 
2.—Terebratula Phillipsii zone. 
8.—Chemnitzia zone. 
4,—Roadstone bed. 

5.—Ostrea zone. 

6.—Freestone. 

7.—Oolite Marl. 

8.—Thick bastard freestone. 
9.—Shelly freestone. 


10.—Pea grit. 
11.—Sands junction, passage beds. 
12.—Lias. 


Total height of Cleeve Cloud above the level of the sea 11,000 
feet. 


If Nos. 2, 3, 4 & 5 in the above section oceur at Leckhamp- 
ton they are not exposed. 


Numerous characteristic fossil of the Pisolite and roadstone were 
obtained, among which may be mentioned—Ostrea flabellu- 
loides, Terebratula Phillipsii, Trichites, Rhynchonella oolitica, 
Pleurotomaria (cast), Belemnites brevis, Chemnitzia, Hinnites 
tuberculosus, Modiola explanata, Pholadomya fidicula and a large 
new species, Modiola, Gresslya, Pecten lens, Lima and Echinus, 
germinaus, but the most interesting specimen was a fine beak of 
a Cephalopod, discovered in the Pea grit by the Rev. Mr. Hort. 
This is the first one of the kind found near Cheltenham ; the 
first and only one previously procured was detected by the late 
Hugh Strickland in the Inferior Oolite at Bredon. At the base 
of the escarpment, the basement beds of the Oolite appear 
similar to those at Leckhampton and. Crickley immediately over- 
lying the upper lias, and these probably form passage beds 
between the two formations, though assigned to the Lias by Dr. 
Wright, while Messrs Lycett and Brodie and other Cotswold 
Geologists incline to the former opinion. At this spot Mr. Brodie 
discovered a similar Bone Bed to the one he had previously 


11 


noticed at Leckhampton and Crickley, though much better exposed 
at the latter. In the course of the day some of the party walked 
to Gretton to examine the upper Lias and Marlstone. The upper 
Lias shale is here of considerable thickness, at least 200 feet, a 
portion of which only is exposed in the large quarry, overlying 
the Marlstone with an irregular band of limestone charged with 
the remains of fishes, especially Leptolepis concentricus, and a 
fine specimen of Lepidotus was found at this spot. In the black 
shale are many Ammonites, with the mouth entire, and Aptychus 
in situ, Cidaris minuta with attached spines, and a new species 
of Rostellaria. The Marlstone abounds with organic remains, 
among which the Cardina crassissima, a rare shell elsewhere is 
particularly abundant and well preserved. The hard nature of 
this rock makes it however exceedingly difficult to extract any 
specimens entire. The view of the Malverns and Abberley 
hills is very striking from this hill, and differs in many respects 
from the other fine views in this charming county. Nor must the 
prospect from Cleeve be passed over unnoticed ; with a clear sky 
and a glowing sunset it was particularly beautiful on the return 
of the geologists to Cheltenham. 


On Friday some of the above breakfasted with the Rev. W. 
Norwood, and after inspecting his choice collection of fossils, 
especially rich in the Inferior Oolite of the Cotswolds, they pro- 
ceeded to Crickley hill, where many hours were agreeably spent 
in examining the section and collecting fossils. The Pisolite here 
presents the finest escarpment, being at least 40 feet thick, and 
from it some of the choicest fossils have been procured, especially 
Urchins, including among others, Cidaris Fowleri, C. Bouchardi, 
Hyboelypus agariciformis H. caudatus, and Pygaster semisulcatus. 
Fine examples of Terebratula simplex and plicata may also be 


12 


occasionally procured. Overlying the Pea grit is a band of 
white marl resembling chalk made up of corals, evidently having 
formed acoral reef in the ancient Jurassic sea. Several good 
examples of Montlivaltia, Latomeandra Flemingii, Thamnastrea 
Defranciana and Mettensis were picked up. As this coral bed is 
overlaid by the freestone and contains some of the species noticed 
in the Oolite Marl besides shells, it is evidently a continuation of 
that stratum, though more loaded with corals, but not so thick as 
the marl at Leckhampton, the reduction in bulk being fully 
accounted for by the increased thickness of the Pisolite.* Mr. 
Brodie drew attention to the basement beds, here loaded with 
Belemnites and remnants of fishes, chiefly minute Hybodonts. 
Returning home by Leckhampton, a good opportunity was 
afforded of noting the remarkable fault of Shurdington hill on the 
left, which may be traced for several miles from east to west. 
At a point hereabouts, the freestones on one side of the line of 
fault have been thrown down toa level with the passage beds on 
the other, as much as 90 feet. Another fault also traverses the 
southern base of Crickley hill which has been notieed by Mr. 
Hull in his excellent monograph of the Cotswolds in the Memoirs 
of the Geological Survey. 

The Rey. W. Norwood has kindly furnished the following list 
of Plants, collected by Mr. Notcott and the other Botanists of 
the party :—Asperula cynanchica, Thymus Cameedsys, Ophrys 
apifera, Herminium monarchis, Orchis ustulata, Artragalus 
hypaglottis, Lithospersmum officinale, Blyssmus compressus, 
Torilis nodosa, Hyoscyamus inger, Erodium cicutarium (very rare 
in this district), Vicia tetrasperma. 

*At Crickley above the Pea grit is a thick band, about three feet of marl almost 
entirely made up of cota oan the abeence chy frosotons mote, rors and shally 
freestone, but the pisolite is very thick and may well account for the absence of these 


freestones ; and this marl is no doubt the correct representative of the Oolite marl 
there and at Leckhampton. 


13 


On the 13th of August the Club met at Bromsgrove, only a 
few members attended and owing to a mistake in the route there 
was not sufficient to occupy the time. After inspecting the very 
fine Church lately restored, and the Grammar School, the 
party walked to the quarries of Keuper sandstone about two 
miles off, on the road to Droitwich. The beds consist of red and 
grey sandstone with much false bedding, the only fossils being 
impressions of Plants in a very imperfect state of preservation, 
among which a few Calamites were best preserved, but no other 
fossils were observed, nor had the workmen ever noticed any 
bones or remains of fish. The spot where the curious fish was 
found some years since by the collector of the Survey, was 
visited, but the pit is now filled up. An animated discussion 
took place between some of the members on the cause of false 
bedding, which appears to be due to the motions of waves, 
currents and eddies at the bottom of sea or rivers, and the varied 
changes which take place in the direction of the tides and currents 
in the same place. 


Daily observations have been made with the Barometer and 
Thermometers. 


The Accounts have been audited, and the General Financial 
Statement from March 25th, 1862, to March 25th, 1863, is 
appended to this report. 


The Museum, now containing a valuable and well-arranged 
collection of Natural History, Geology, and Antiquities, as well 
as a Library, which, though not extensive, contains many works 
of cost and value, is highly creditable to the Town and County 
of Warwick, and deserves a much greater amount of support 
than it has of late years received. An excellent foundation has 


14 


been laid, but much more might be effected if adequate means 
were placed at the disposal of the Council. 


Owing to the losses, by death, of several subscribers during 
the past year, and the small number of additional members, the 
funds of the Society are in a much less satisfactory condition 
than could be desired. A reference to the list of Subscribers 
will show that only a few of the rich and influential people in 
the County belong to the Society, and if the Members would 
solicit Annual Subscriptions from their friends and neighbours, it 
is probable that a considerable addition would be made to the 
funds of the Society before the end of the present year. 


The Council desire to express their deep regret at the loss they 
have sustained in the death of Mr. Perry, who had, from the 
formation of the Society, devoted much time and attention‘to the 
duties of the office of Curator, and for many years that of 
Honorary Secretary, and the Council take this opportunity of 
recording their sense of his valuable services. 


It was unanimously resolved that Mr. Kirshaw be elected 
Honorary Secretary in the place of the late Mr. Perry. 


The Council also regret to record the death of the Rev. 
W. T. Bree, an able Botanist, Member of Council, and Hon. 
Curator, from the formation of the Society. 


15 


Additions to the Museum and Library. 


GEOLOGY. 


PURCHASES. 


A set of Palates, 20 species of Fish from the Mountain Limestone 
of Ireland, (through the Earl of Enniskillen), viz :— 
Cochliodus acutus. 
Cochliodus contortus. 
Helodus didymus, Labodus protolypus. 
Helodus gibberulus. 
Helodus Sp , Deltodus sublevis. 
Helodus obliquns, Pecilodus obliquns. 
Streblodus Colei, Polyrhisodus radians. 
Streblodus oblongus. 
Ctenspetalus serratus, Petalorhyneus psittanicus. 
Psammodus porosus, Pecilodus Jonesii. 
Psammodus rugosus, Harpacodus dentatus. 
Petalodus lovissimus, Psephodus magnus. 
Pterygotus bilobus, Upper Ludlow, Lanarkshire, Scotland. 


DONATIONS. 


Fine Slabs of Footsteps in Permian Sandstone of Reptile 
(Labyrinthodon), Corven, Burwood, near Wolverhampton. From 
F. Catt, through the Rev. P. B, Brodie. 


Natica Leckhamptonensis. 
Patella inornata. Inferior Oolite, 
Latomeandra Flemingi. Gloucestershire. 
Thamnastrea efranciana. 
Presented by the Rey. P. B. Brodie. 
Cardinia crassissima, 3 specimens, Lias Marlstone. Presented by the 


Rey. P. Brodie. 


16 


Pterichthy’s macrocephalus, new British species, Yellow Sandstone 
(Old Red Sandstone), Farlow, Shropshire. Presented by the 
Rey. P. B. Brodie. 

Agnostus M’Coyii, Builth, Lower Silurian. Presented by the Rev. 
P. B. Brodie. 

Trinucleus fimbriatus, ditto ditto. Presented by the Rev. 
P. B. Brodie. 

Cyathopsis (clisiophyllum) fungites from Mountain Limestone, Clifton. 

Presented by the Rev. EK. Roy. 
Terebratula Edwardsii, Marlstone. Presented by the Rey. P.B. Brodie. 
Ischadites, Woolhope Lime, Malvern. Presented by the Rev. 


P. B. Brodie. 
Pentamerus linguifer, Wenlock Shale. Presented by Rey. P. B. Brodie. 
Orthis rustica, ditto. Presented by Rev. P.B, Brodie. 


Scales of fish, Yellow Sandstone (Old Red Sandstone), Farlow, Shrop- 
shire. Presented by the Rey. P. B. Brodie. 
Fossils and Shells. Presented by D. Carmouls, Esq. 


Cavern REMAINS :— 
Left Lower Jaw of Hyena. 


Lower Canine Tooth of ditto, 
Upper Canine. 
Upper (right.) 
Lower right. 
Incisor of Equns. 
Rhinoceros—Iitm. 
Right tibra 
Left radius. 
Right femur. 
Ditto, —Upper molar tooth. 
Equns, upper molar, right. 
Upper ditto, left. 
Bos, metacarpal. 
Presented by James Parker, Esq., from Wookey Hole, Somerset. 
Pygaster umbrella, Coral Rag, Oxford, ditto. 
Clypeus Mulleri, Great Oolite, Northampton. ditto. 
Hymenocaris caudatus, Llandeilo flags, North Wales. Presented by 
the Rey. P. B. Brodie, 


17 
MISCELLANIES. 
DONATIONS. 


Impressions of a Seal. Presented by Rev. F. 8. Colville. 


LIBRARY. 
DONATIONS. 


Catalogue of the South Kensington Museum, part 4 and 5. Presented 
by that Society. 

Report of the Ludlow Natural History Society, 1859-60-61. Presented 
by that Society. 


PURCHASES. 


Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 8. No. 53'to 64. 
Bree, R. C. History of the Birds of Europe, parts 44 to 56. 
Camden Society’s Publications :— 
80 Proceedings in the County of Kent in connection with the 
Parliaments called in 1640. 
Couch, J. A History of the Fishes of the British Island. No.19 to 31. 
Dixon and Watson. and and Fresh-water Shells. 
Geologist. No. 53 to 64. 
Lyells. Antiquity of Man. 
Morris, F. 0. A Natural History of British Moths. No. 20 to 28. 
Paleontographical Society’s Publications : 
Dayidson, T. British Carboniferous Brachiopoda. part 5. 
Owen, R. British Fossil Reptilia, from the Oolitic Formation. 
part 2. 
Jones, R. The Fossil Etherie. 
Bell, Professor. Fossil Malacystracous Crustacea of Great 
Britian. part 2. 
Phipson, T. D. Phosphoresence. 
Popular Science Review. part 1 to 8. 
Wood, J.:G. Illustrated Natural History. No. 89 to 48. 


18 


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19 


Oftcers of the Society. 


1863-64. 


PATRON. 


» 
Tue Ricot HonouRABLE THE EARL oF WARWICK. 


PRESIDENT. 
JoHN STAUNTON, Esq. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS, 

Tue Ricut HonouRABLE THE Earn or AYLESFORD. 
Cuartes Hoite BRAcEBRIDGE, Esq. 
WaLtER Henry BRAcEBRIDGE, Esa. 

Tue Rigor HonourasLe Lorpd DoRMER. 
CHARLES FETHERSTON-DILKE, Esq. 
EpwARD GREAVES, Esq., M.P., 

CHanpos WREN Hosxkyns, Esa. 

Tue RicHt HonovraBLeE Lorp Leicu, F.Z.S. 
GrorGE Lioyp, Ese., M.D., F.G.S. 

Sr CHartes Morpaunt, Bart., M.P. 

Sir Grorct RicHarpd Puimirs, Bart. 
Marx Putiries, Esa. 

Evetyn Purnie Sareury, Esq., M.P., F.S.A. 
Sir Ropert GEorGE THRocKMORTON, Bart. 
Tur Ricur Honovuraste Lorp WILLoUGHBY DE BROKE. 
Henry CuristopHer Wisn, Esa. 


HONORARY SECRETARIES. 
Tue Rev. Peter Bewwincer Bropiz, M.A., F.G.S. 
JounN Witiiam Kirspaw, F.G.S. 


20 
HONORARY CURATORS. 
Geology and Mineralogy. 


The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S. | JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F,G.S, 
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. 


otany. . 


FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq., F.B.S.E: 


Zoology. 


GEORGE LLOYD, Ese@., M.D., F.G.S. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esq, F.Z.S. 
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A. 


Archwologn. 


MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, esi JOHN FETHERSTON, Jun.,Esq.,F.S.A. 
W. B. DICKINSON, Esq., M.R.C.S. GEORGE T. ROBINSON, Esa., F.G.H.S. 


Hibr 
WVATD, 
H. BLENKINSOP, Esq., F-R.C.S. Eng. | C. D. GREENWAY, Esq. 
TREASURER. 
EDWARD GREAVES, Esq., M.P. 
AUDITOR. 
KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esa. 
COUNCIL. 
The PATRON. | The REV. BERDMORE COMPTON, M.A 
The PRESIDENT. | THOMAS COTTON, Esq, 
The VICE-PRESIDENTS. | MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN H. FREER. 
The HONORARY SECRETARIES. RICHARD GREAVES, Ese. 
The HONORARY CURATORS. KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esa. 
The TREASURER. JAMES COVE JONES, Esq., F.S A. 
WILLLAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. The REV. EDMUND ROY, MA. 
The REV. T. J. CARTWRIGHT. THOMAS THOMSON, Esq., M.D. 


The REV. E. THORNTON CODD, M.A. 


21 


Vist of Alembers. 


1863. 


ee eee 


HONORARY MEMBERS. 


Tur Rey. Apam Sepewics, B.D., F.R.S. F.L.S. F.G.S., 
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College and 
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of 
Cambridge, §:c. 


Rosert Epmonp Grant, M.D, F.R.SS.L. & E., F.R.C.P.E., 
F.LS., F.G.8., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy 
and Zoology at the University College, London, §c., Grafton 
Place, Euston Square, London. 


Joun Pururprs, Esq., M.A., F.B.S., F.G.8., Deputy Reader 
in Geology, and Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in the 
University of Oxford, §c., Magdalen Bridge, Oxford. 


JouN Cono.yy, D.C.L., M.D., F.R.C.P., late Professor of 
the Nature and Treatment of Diseases at the University 
College, London, &c., Lawn House, Hanwell, Middlesex, 


Lizvutenant-CoLoneL Witu1am Henry Syxzs, M.P., F.R.S., 
E.LS., F.G.S8., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde Park, London. 


Samvet Brrcu, Eso., Assistant Keeper of Antiquities, British 
Museum. 


Apert Way, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., Hon. See. of the British 
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the ‘ Comite des 
Aris et Monuments,’ Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey. 


MEMBERS. 


THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS. 


The Right Honourable Heneage Finch, Earl of Aylesford, 
Packington Hall, Vice-President. 

Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick. 

William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington. 

Henry Blenkinsop, Esq., F.R.C.S, Eng., F.R.M.U.S., Warwick, 
Hon. Curator. 

Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator. 

George Fowler Bodington, M.R.C.S, Eng., Kenilworth. 

*Charles Holte Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice- 
President. 

Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sherbourne» 
Vice-President. 

The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Rowington, 
Hon, Secretary and Hon. Curator. 

The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke and 
Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron. 

William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Ralph Augustus Busby, Esq., Avenue House, Spencer Street, 
Leamington. 

Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrook Grange, near Rugby. 

The Rev. Thomas Garden Carter, M.A. 

The Rev. Theodore John Cartwright, Preston Bagot, Member of 
Council. 

J. Cecil, Esq., Warwick. 

Robert Lucas Chance, Esq., Summerfield House, near Bir- 
mingham, 


23 

The Rev. Thomas Chapman, M.A., Radford Semele. 

Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick. 

The Rey. Edward Thornton Codd, M.A., Tachbrooke, Member 
of Council. 

The Rev. Berdmore Compton; M.A., Barford, Member of 
Council. 

Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick. 

Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth, Member of 
Council. 

William Binley Dickinson, Esq., M.R.C.S., M.N.S., No 5, 
Lansdowne Circus, Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord Dormer, 
Grove Park, Vice-President. 

George Knight Erskine Fairholme, Esq., No. 5, York Terrace, 
Leamington. 

John Fetherston, Jun., Esq , F.S.A., Packwood House, Hockley 
Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator. 

Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq., Maxstoke Castle, near Coleshill, 
Vice-President. 

Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Clifton Villa, Leam Ter- 
race, Leamington, Member of Council. 

John Goodhall, Esq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick. 

*Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P., Avonside, Barford, Vice- Presi: 
dent and Treasurer. 

Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House, Warwick, Member of 
Council. 

Mrs. Greaves, Portland Place, Leamington. 

Miss Greenway, Warwick. 

Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Charles Durnford Greenway., Esq., Hon. Curator. 

The Rey. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, Leamington: 


24 


The Rev. William Thomas Hadow, M.A., Haseley. 

John Hampden, Esq., M.N.S., No. 4, Clarence Terrace, Leam~- 
ington. 

Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, London, 
W.C. 

William Hawkes, Esq. 

Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

Abraham Burbery Herbert, Esq., Keresley, near Coventry. 

Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Vice-President. 

William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon. 

Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M.R.C.S., Warwiek. 

The Rev. Thomas Jackson, Hatton. 

The Rey. John Jameson, M.A., High Street, Warwick. 

The Rey. Francis Ellis Jervoise, M.A.. No. 7, Euston Place; 
Leamington. 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S., Loxley House, Mem- 
ber of Council. 

Miss Kimberly, Warwick. 

John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Curator. 

Mrs. Lamb, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh, 
F.Z.S., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President. 

George Lloyd, Esq., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham, Vice-President 
and Hon. Curator, 

The Rev. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy. 

Matthew Malcolm, Esq., Kineton. 

Mr. Samuel Mallory, Warwick. 

Miss Moor, No. 5, Waterloo Place, Leamington. 

John Moore, Esq., Warwick. 

Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., M.P., Walton, Vice-President. 

George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick. 


25 


Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick. 

The Rey. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton. 

The Rev. E. St. John Parry, Principal of Leamington College. 

William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton. 

Owen Pell, Esq., Leamington. 

The Rey. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New Square 
Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C. 

Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near Shipston- 
upon Stour, Vice-President. 

Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-President. 

The Rey.Canon Charles Pilkington,B.C.L.,Stockton,near Southam 

George William John Repton, Esq., M.P. 

The Rey. James Riddell, M.A., No. 3, Beauchamp Terrace 
East, Leamington. 

George Thomas Robinson, Esq., F.G.H.S., No. 14, Milverton 
Crescent, Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

The Rey. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth, Member of Council. 

Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street, Leamington. 

Colonel Scott, Bagington Hall. 

Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., M.P., F.S.A., Eatington Park, 
near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President. 

The Rey. Henry Wilmot Sitwell, M.A., Leamington Hastings, 
near Southam. 

William Smith, Esq., Warwick. 

John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, President. 

Miss Strachan, No. 5, Warwick Terrace, Leamington. 

Henry Summerfield, Esq., Warwick. 

Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace, Leam- 
ington, Member of Oouncil. 

Sir Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland, Faringdon, 
Vice-President, 


26 


Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Weston-upon-Avon, Hon. 
Curator. 

The Rey. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator. 

Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.S.E., Oakfield, Leaming- 
ton, Hon. Ourator. 

William Walker, Esq., Warwick. 

James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford-upon- 
Avon. 

*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bedworth. 

The Right Honourable Robert John Barnard-Verney, Lord 
Willoughby de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President. 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., Woodcote, Leek Wootton, Vice- 
President. 

Matthew Wise, Esq., Shrublands, Leamington. 

The Rey. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash. 


1836—1853 


1853—1864 


1836—I837 
1837—1838 
1838—1839 
1839—1I840 
1840—1841 


1841—I942 
1842—I843 
1843—1844 
1844—1845 
1845—1846 
1846—I847 


1847—1848 
1848—I849 
1849—1850 
1850—I851 
1851—1852 
1852—I853 
1853—I854 
1854—I855 
1855—1856 
1856—1857 


1857—I858 
I858—I859 
1859—I860 
1860—I861 
I86I—1862 
3862—I863 
1863—I864 


27 


List of Patrons and Presidents. 


From 18386 to 1864. 


PATRONS. 


THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY RICHARD GREVILLE, 
EARL BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK, K.T., LL.D: 
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, EARL 

BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK. 


PRESIDENTS. 


CHANDOS LEIGH, ESQ., F.H.S. 

SIR JOHN MORDAUNT, BART., M.P. 

SIR JOHN EARDLEY EARDLEY WILMOT, BART., M.P., F.R.S. 

WILLIAM HOLBECHE, ESQ., F.G.S. 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, LORD 
BROOKE, 

CHARLES HOLTE BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ. 

WILLIAM STAUNTON, ESQ. 

SIR FRANCIS LAWLEY, BART., F.H.S., F.Z.S. 

SIR GRAY SKIPWITH, BART. 

SIR JOHN ROBERT CAVE BROWNE CAVE, BART, 

THE MOST HONOURABLE SPENCER JOSHUA ALWYNE COMP- 
TON, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON, D.C.L., PRESIDENT 
R.S., F.S.A., Hon. M.R.1.A., F.G.S, 

EVELYN JOHN SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P. 

THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH. 

SIR THEOPHILUS BIDDULPH, BART. 

CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ: 

MARK PHILIPS, ESQ. 

HENRY CHRISTOPHER WISE, ESQ. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

WALTER HENRY BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ. 

CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ. 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH, LORD 
LEIGH, F.Z.S. 

EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P., F.S.A, 

THE REV. VAUGHAN THOMAS, B.D. 

SIR GEORGE RICHARD PHILIPS, BART. 

EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P, 

EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P, 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ, 


28 


The Quarterly General Meetings of the Members of the 
Society are held at the Museum.on the First Thursdays in the 
months of January, April, July, and October, at One o’clock- 
At these meetings, communications on any Branch of Natural 
History and Archeology are received and read ; and a Lecture 
delivered.—Hach Member can introduce two visitors. 


The Meetings of the Council are held Monthly, on the First 
Tuesday in the Month, at Half-past One o’clock. 


The Museum is open daily from Eleven o’clock to Five be- 
tween the First of March and the Thirty-first of October, and 
from Ten o’clock to Four between the First of November and 
the Last Day of February. 


The Annual Subscription for 1863 will become due on 
the 24th day of May; and the Council urgently request that 
the Subscribers will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at 
the Bank of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, War- 
wick ; or to Mr, William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of 
Subscriptions, Leicester Street, Leamington. 


a 
q 
oy A PP = 
MAR 1887 


ae 


PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK. 


$ 388, 


WARWICKSHIRE 


NATURAL HISTORY 


TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT, 


' APRIL, 1864. 


WARWICK : 


| PERRY, PRINTER, NEW STREET & OLD SQUARE. 


WARWICKSHIRE 


NATURAL HISTORY 


ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 


ESTABLISHED MAY 24rx, 1836. 


N 


TWENTYEIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT 
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS, 


READ AT THE 


ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL llth, 1864. 


The Council, in presenting their Report to the Members, 
congratulate them on the continued prosperity of the 
Society. 


Numerous and valuable additions have been made to the 
Museum and Library, by donation and purchase, during 
the past year. 


The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arranging 

a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and some of 

the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small but 
judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when 
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon 
make the entire Geological collection a most valuable and 
instructive one, and one of the best out of London. At 
present the collections of Natural History and Geology 


2 


form a good educational medium for all classes, and it is of 
the utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency. 


Owing to the increase of accomodation upstairs, it is now 
hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the 
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be 
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than 
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such acollection 
properly, and for the same reason it is much less profitable 
than it otherwise would be for all purposes of general 
instruction. 


| Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, there 

are several Formations which are still very defective, 
amongst which may be enumerated the following :—The 
Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce, 
Headon Hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham, London 
Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and Lower 
Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower Silurian will 
be very acceptable. The aid of the members is particularly 
requested in procuring fossils from the County, especially 
those of the Iuias, Keuper, and Permian, as it should be the 
chief aim of all local Museums to have as fine a suite as 
possible from the Strata which occur in the immediate 
neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire Natural History 
Society has endeavoured to carry out. 


The collection of minerals is still in the same condition, 
and requires complete re-arrangement; and it would be a 
great advantage to the Society if some member acquainted 
with Mineralogy would either kindly undertake its 
re-adjustment or obtain a friend who would do so, 


3 


The Birds are in excellent order, and form a very 
instructive collection. 


The Shells, which are a large and valuable series, require 
some attention, as many of them have become displaced, A 
series of the land and freshwater Shells of Warwickshire 
would be an important addition. 


The Accounts have been audited, and the General Financial 
Statement from March 25th, 1863, to March 25th, 1864, is 
appended to this report. 


The Museum, now containing a valuable and well-arranged 
collection of Natural History, Geology, and Antiquities, as well 
as a Library, which, though not extensive, contains many works 
of cost and value, is highly creditable to the Town and County 
of Warwick, and deserves a much greater amount of support 
than it has of late years received. An excellent foundation has 
been laid, but much more might be effected if adequate means 
were placed at the disposal of the Council. 


Owing to the losses, by death, of several subscribers during 
the past year, and the small number of additional members, the 
funds of the Society are in a much less satisfactory condition than 
could be desired. A reference to the list of Subscribers will 
show that only a few of the rich and influential people in the 
County belong to the Society, and if the Members would solicit 
Annual Subscriptions from their friends and neighbours, it is 
probable that a considerable addition would be made to the funds 
of the Society before the end of the present year. 


The Council have much pleasure in stating that the upper 
room has now been enlarged and otherwise improved, giving 
thereby increased accomodation for specimens, so much needed, 


4 


which will enable them to make many additions and important 
alterations which the crowded state of the rooms rendered 
essential, Many members and friends of the Society have 
kindly and liberally responded to the circular sent throughout 
the County. But, at the same time, the funds are inadequate 
and a larger sum is required, which the Council hope may still 
be obtained and that many will come forward to aid the Society 
to carry out the fresh arrangements for the contemplated 
improvements in the Museum. 


The Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archzologists’ Field 
Club held their Winter Meeting at the Museum, Warwick, 
by the kind permission of the Warwickshire Natural 
History Society, on the 18th of February, 1863, at Twelve 
o’clock. In the absence of the President, the Rev. W. 
Johnson delivered the Annual Address, 


The Rey. P. B. Brodie, as Vice-President, occupied the 
chair, and regretted the absence and resignation of their 
late President, and proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Johnson 
for his kindness in preparing the Annual Address. 


The Vice-President then called upon Mr. Parker to give 
his promised Lecture on the “Hyena Den,’ at Wookey 
Hole, in Somersetshire, which was followed by a Paper 
by the Rey. R. Hudson, “ On the recent progress of Science 
in regard to British Land and Freshwater Mollusca.” 


A short discussion ensued, in which Messrs. Brodie, 
Tomes, Kirshaw, Johnson, and Faulkner took part. 


The business of the morning being concluded, the Vice- 
President adjourned the Meeting at three o’clock. Some 
of the Geologists of the party went to the Gravel Pits at 


5 


Emscote, to examine the low level drifts, joiming the rest 
of the members at the Woolpack, at five o’clock, when 
fifteen sat down to dinner, the Vice-President occupying the 
chair. 


About forty persons attended the morning Meeting, 
including members and their friends, and many ladies. 


On May the 21st, 1863, the Club met at Nuneaton 
The Hon. Sec. being unable to attend, Messrs. Johnson and 
Parker were kind enough to furnish him with the following 
account of the day’s proceedings :— 


On arriving there the Club visited the remains of 
the Abbey. The ruins are few, consisting chiefly of the 
four piers, which originally supported the tower of the 
Nun’s Church. The ornamentation of these piers, as far as 
they exist, shew that the church was not devoid of beauty, 
and as the foundations of these walls extended westward, 
beyond the probable length of a nave, it was conjectured 
that the refectory, or some important chamber of the Abbey, 
originally occupied this spot. 


The grass-grown foundations also shewed a quadrangle 
which was probably surrounded by a Cloister. The founda- 
tions on the south side were even less perfect, but in all 
probability the kitchen and other domestic offices were in 
this direction. 9 


The documentary evidence of the date of the building is 
somewhat imperfect, the monastery, it is true, was founded 
as early as King Stephen’s time, but no portions bore any 
traces of that early date. Henry II. seems to have been the 
chief benefactor to the Nuns, and with the money accruing 


6 


from the grants which he made of lands, advowsons, &c., 
the expense of building the Monastery was defrayed. The 
funds of the Monastery being in a flourishing condition in 
the tenth year of Henry IIL, the Church was rebuilt, and 
in the twenty-first year of this reign (1237, A.D.), the King 
gave ten oaks from Kenilworth. As these were probably for 
the roof we may well reckon the date of this Church at 
1235-36, with which date the ornamentation and carving 
exactly agree. 


On leaving Nuneaton the party crossed the new branch- 
railway line in process of formation, and mounted the hill 
which consists of the lower strata of the carboniferous rocks, 
—the Millstone Grit. In following the line of road, several 
quarries presented themselves, and the party was fortunate 
in discovering, in more than one spot, the greenstone rock, 
On nearing Hartshill, especially, some large quarries 
presented a band some five or six feet in thickness, the effects 
of this trap upon the adjacent rock was in several places 
very apparent. 


At Hartshill the party visited the ruins of a medixval 
Manor House. As was the custom of the time, it was 
surrounded by a wall for protection, which remained 
tolerably perfect, with the “ xillets” for the Archers. 


The site seemed to have been taken advantage of, from a_ 
natural moat existing on two sides formed by two valleys. 


The Chapel was perhaps the only part worthy of much 
attention, but this, built on the north wall, was in ruins. 
It was very plain, but the style of the mouldings may very 
well agree with the first year of Edward the third’s reign, 
1327; when we have documentary evidence that John de 


7 


Hadreshull (from-which the name Hartshill is a corruption) 
~ obtained a special license from the Bishop of the Diocese 
for a Priest to celebrate Divine Service within his house at 
Hadreshull. The wall and the rest of Manor House was 
probably built by his Father William de Hadreshull, who 
as early as the twenty-first of Edward I. (1293) obtained 
free warren of all his demesne lands here. 


As a characteristic Manor House of the close of the 
thirteenth and beginning of the fourteenth century it was 
worthy a visit. 


On their return towards Nuneaton several clay pits were 
visited, but no fossils found, more time was spent in 
examining the ferruginous shales, which in several places 
appeared to present traces of either vegetable or animal 
remains, but too imperfect to be recognized. 


The second Meeting of the season was held at the Craven 
Arms, Shropshire, where the party arrived at 11 a.m. on 
Monday, 22nd of June, 1863. The members were met by 
the Rev. J. La Touche, and W. Jones, Esq., and under the 
able guidance of the former, started for Dinchop, to a quarry 
of Aymestry-limestone. where only a few fossils were 
obtained, Atrypa, Pterinea, Sowerbyi, not a common shell, 
and the usual corals. The section was an instructive one, 
shewing the relation of this limestone to the Ludlow beds. 
Norton was next visited, a well known and interesting 
locality, where the Ludlow bone bed is largely developed, 
though the chief contents consist of spines and other 
portions of the Silurian Crustacean Ceratiocaris; at this 


spot, too, fine specimens of Homolonotus Knightii have 
been found. ; 


8 


Proceeding thence to Stoke Wood, crossing a ridge of 
Aymestry-limestone, the party stopped at a quarry of lower 
Ludlow, where some rare and interesting fossils have been 
procured, the rarest was the Acidaspis coronatus,? a tail of 
which was found by Mr. Brodie, with Holopella obsoleta 
and a pretty Bryozia. 


The Botanists ascended View Edge to search for plants, 
and obtained the very rare local plant, “ Astrantia Major,” 
the only locality, with one exception, where it is known to 
occur in England. Some time was spent in examining 
Stokesay Castle, a curious old building, which afforded 
much interest to the Archeologists. 


The next day the same party went by train to Church 
Stretton, and proceeded to the Longmynd to examine the 
oldest rocks of Shropshire, which consist of dark slates and 
grey schists, grits, and conglomerate. These Cambrian 
rocks were at one time considered to be unfossiliferous, but 
late researches have detected traces of Trilobites and worm 
tracks along the Ashes valley and in strata of the same age 
in Westmoreland. In Shropshire these bottom rocks are 
26,000 feet thick, as determined by the Geological survey. 
The walk was continued along the south western spur of the 
Longmynd, where, near little Stretton, a bed of Llandovery 
sandstone cropped out with Petraia and other usual fossils, 
in grits and conglomerates. A section on the Railway of 
Caradoc Sandstone, charged with the characteristic fossils 
was examined. Ascending the hill to Acton Seott, 
commanding a fine view of the adjacent hills, the well 
known quarry was searched for fossils but with little 
success, 


9 


Some portions of Phacops conopthalmus, Homolonotus bisul- 
catus (characteristic Trilobites), Orthis Actonice, Strophomena 
grandis, tenuistriata and elegantula anda species of Fenestella 
were met with. Descending to the Onney, the Geologists care- 
fully searched the purple shales forming the lowest beds of the 
Wenlock group, in which Cheirurus bimucronatus, Encrinurus 
punctatus. Orthis biloba, and other fossils occur. The shales 
of the adjacent Caradoc sandstone yielded abundant fragments 
of Trinucleus concentricus, and Mr. Brodie obtained a beautifully 
perfect specimen in its young stage. 


On Wednesday, the members went to Ludlow by rail, The 
Archeologists visited the Castle, which is beautifully situated 
on the banks of the Teme, where Milton wrote ‘Comus’ 
and Butler ‘ Hudibras” Some time was then spent in inspecting 
the local Museum, lately established in the town, and which 
contains a fine series of Silurian fossils of the neighbourhood, 
well managed and arranged, among which the fine Star fish, 
Eucrinites, Trilobites, Eurypterus, and other rarities, from the 
upper and lower Ludlow formations, are especially deserving of 
notice. In this case, as at Warwick, the aim has been to 
illustrate the geology of the district, which has been successfully 
carried out. 


The Party then drove to Downton Castle, walking through the 
beautiful grounds on the banks of the river Teme, the Ludlow rocks 
rising up on each side and crowned with rich woods. Passing a 
quarry of Aymestry limestone, where some good specimens of 
Pentamerus Knightii were procured ; the walk was continued 
to Leintwardine, and at Trippleton a lower Ludlow quarry was 
examined, consisting of brown flaggy stone, in which, though 
rarely, perfect specimens of the Ceratiocaris have been discovered. 
Ascending Church hill some time was spent searching the same 


10 


bed famous for its numerous and well preserved Star fish, 
Encrinites, Limulus, and other interesting and rare fossils. 
Perhaps in no Silurian locality have so many new and illustrative 
forms of life of the period been detected, and it appears by 
Mr. Marston’s careful section that certain layers are characterized 
by peculiar fossils, many of which, as the Asteride and Limulus, 
are not distributed indiscriminately throughout. After dinner at 
the village Inn, the party walked up Mocktree hill, where some 
extensive quarries afford fine sections of the Aymestry limestone, 
an argillaceous band of the Ludlow formation, usually separating 
the upper from the lower Ludlow, but owing to numerous faults, 
the section is not clearly defined, and Mr, Lightbody, of Ludlow, 
who accompanied the Field Club, seemed to doubt the regularity 
of the succession here, the strata being much confused and 
disturbed. The quarries at this spot have yielded some fine 
specimens of Phragmoceras and Lituites giganteus, but none 
were obtained on this occasion. The Club was much indebted 
to Mr. Lightbody for his effective guidance. On Thursday those 
who remained, visited again, for a more careful inspection, the 
banks of the Onney, searching the Wenlock shale and Caradoc 
sandstone, and obtained from the former some good tails of 
Asaphus longicaudatus, rarely found elsewhere, and seldom perfect, 
and some Trinuclei from the latter, and the rare Spheerospongia. 
The walk was continued to Horderley, where the Caradoc 
sandstone presents some instructive sections, being in places 
much disturbed, some layers abounding in organic remains : many 
fossils were found in the lowest strata near the spur of the 
Longmynd in grey shales, which afford Berychix, Trinuclei, and 
a new Proetus, a fine specimen of which was found by Mr. Brodie. 
It appears to be a rich bed and well worth a careful search. 
The strata here was much contorted, being affected, probably, 
by the upthrow of the Cambrian rocks of the Longmynd. 


11 


Friday was the last day for the researches of the Club in this 
beautiful country, but not the least instructive. Messrs. Brodie, 
Wyles, and La Touche ascended Caer Caradoc. The main 
portion of this fine hill is composed of eruptive rocks, which 
have altered the Caradoc sandstone on its flank, and from 
which the latter dips away at ahigh angle. On the summit 
several masses of drift were observed of much interest, with 
Caradoc and Ludlow fossils. At the base in one point on the 
8.E., some grits cropped out with ‘ Berychia complicata’ and 
casts of shells, being the lowest number of this formation below 
the Hoar edge grits. The view from the top is remarkably fine, 
overlooking the Longmynd with the Stiper stones in the distance, 
and other hills in that direction northwards, the long ridge of 
Wenlock: edge and the more distant Clee hills rise up as 
prominent points in the landscape, the bold character of the 
scenery gives it a true mountain aspect, not inferior to Wales, 
and other disturbed regions. Caer Caradoc and the adjacent 
Lawley present a very peculiar appearance from the valley, and 
also from more distant hills. Caer Caradoc is also interesting as 
having been the main stronghold of the ancient British chieftain 
Caractacus. Walking by Hope Bowdler to Soudley, some time 
was spent in the large quarries of Caradoc sandstone similar to 
the section at Horderley. In both places it forms a useful and 
ornamental building stone, traversed by numerous fossiliferous 
bands which contained a species of Trinucleus, distinct from 
T. concentricus and a new species of Bellerophon. Some years 
since two fine star fish were found here, 


The Rey. G. Henslow has kindly furnished the following list 
of plants which was obtained during the excursion :-——Ranunculus 
philonotis, Ehrh., Acton Scott; Papaver Argemone, Linn, 
Church Stretton; Arabis hirsuta, Br., Dinchope; Cardamine 


12 


amara, Linn, Church Stretton ; Lepidium Smithii, Hook, Church 
_ Stretton ; Silene inflata, Sm., Norton, &.; Lychnis diurna, Sibth, 
(var: with white, and striped red and white corollas) Acton 
Scott, &c.; Arenaria serpyllifolio, Zinn, Acton Scott; Stellaria 
glanca, With., Norton; Hypericum pulchrum, Linn, Norton; 
Hypericum humifucum, Linn, Norton; Malra moschata, Zinn, 
Onibury, &c.; Geranium lundum, Zinn, Church Stretton; Oxalis 
Acetosella, Linn, Stokesay Wood; Genista tinctoria, Linn, 
Dinchope ; Trifolium pratense, Zinn, (var: with white corollas) 
Linn, Dinchope ; Vicia tetrasperma, Mcench, Onibury ; Alchemilla 
vulgaris, Linn, Church Stretton: Astrantia major, Linn, Stokesay 
Wood ; Asperula odorata, Linn, Stokesay Wood; Valerianella 
olitoria, Poll., Church Stretton ; Senecio sylvaticus, Zinn, Acton 
Scott; Lithospermum officinale, Zinn, Church Stretton ; Veronica 
officinalis, Zinn, Church Stretton; Pedicularis palustris, Linn, 
Stokesay; Malamphyrum pratense, Zinn, Norton; Euphorbia 
amygdalordes, Linn, Onibury ; Paris quadrifolia, Zinn, Stokesay 
Wood; Aspidium Filix-mas, Sn.,Minton ; Asplenium, Filix-femina, 
Bernh, Minton; Aplenium Adiantum-nigrum Linn, Norton ; 
Viola Lutea*, Caer Caradoc; Pinquicola vulgaris*, Caer Caradoc ; 
Erophorum polystychum*, Caer Caradoc. 


In addition to the enjoyment of beautiful scenery, the mem- 
bers who attended this excursion had an excellent opportunity of 
studying the whole of the Silurian system, from the lowest, 
Cambrian rocks to the Wenlock limestone, with abundant 
instructive sections and characteristic fossils. The previous 
visits of the Club to Wenlock and Dudley, Malvern and Bala- 
will now enable them to understand the lithological and zoological 
characters of the entire group, as well as the physical geography 
of the tracts visited. . 


* These three plants were found by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 


13 


On the 25th of August, the Club held their last meeting for the 
season, at Dumbleton, in Gloucestershire, having. been’ invited 
to Mr. Holland’s, at Dumbleton, House, There. they inspected 
a choice collection of*fossils belonging to Miss Holland, among 
which the Fish, Sepia, Insect-remains, and Crustacea, from 
the upper Lias of the adjacent quarries were particularly worthy of 
notice, and among them were some’ rare and unique species. 
After partaking of luncheon, kindly provided by Mr. Holland, 
the party walked through the pretty grounds to Dumbleton hill, 
when the Geologists, including the ladies, set to work to break 
up the fish bed, from whence most of the best fossils have been 
procured. 


The lower lias was nowhere exposed in the ascent, but. the 
middle lias was well represented by the marlstone abounding in 
fossils, capped by the clays and marls with the included ‘‘ fish 
bed” of the upper Lias, which forms the entire portion 
of the upper part of the hill, and must be quite 100 feet thick, 
and, though occupying a large area in Gloucestershire, 
is rarely exposed, and probably reaches its maximum thick- 
ness of 300 feet at Cleeve Hill, near Cheltenham. The same 
beds are seen at Alderton resting on marlstone, while at Frampton 
the latter, much water-worn, is only exposed. These quarries 
were all visited by the club, and on Alderton Hill, where the 
finest view is obtained, Mr. Brodie gave a brief exposition of 
the geology of the district, which included a wide strata- 
graphical range, from the great Oolite and Stonesfield slate of the 
distant Cotswolds, to the Silurians and Oleni schists of the 
Malverns. Unfortunately the weather was too showery to obtain 
many fossils from the quarries. The species in the marlstone 
consist chiefly of shells, among which were Ammonites, Nautili, 
Belemnites, Pholadomya,Modiola, Lima, Pecten, Ostrea, Gryphca, 


14 


Alaria, Terebratula and Rhynchonella. The upper Lias contains 
many ammonites and small shells, both univalves and bivalves, 
but the hard limestone, locally termed the “‘ fish bed,” yields 
the most interesting suite of fossils, including the remains 
of insects (wings, elytra of beetles, &c.), and a perfect dragon- 
fly, discovered by Mr. Brodie, Sepia with the ink-bag, 
Belemnite with ink-bag and sepiaceous portion, Crustacea and 
several species of fish, of which Leptolepis concentricus is the 
most common, and Tetragonolepis discus the most scarce. None 
of these are of large size, if we except a fine specimen of 
Lepidotus, found at Gretton, in Lord Ducie’s collection and a 
species of Sauropsis in Miss Holland’s cabinet. 


The larger Pachycormi, so characteristic of the upper Lias at 
Ilminster, in Somersetshire, are scarcely represented here, but 
many species occur in the same stratum at Whitby. Among the 
plants the frond of a new species of small fern was the most 
interesting. 


15 


Additions to the Museum and Library. 


GEOLOGY. 
DONATIONS. 


Footsteps in Permian Sandstone of Reptile (Labyrinthodon ?), 
Corven, Burwood, near Wolyerhampton. From the Rev. F. Catt, 
through the Rey. P. B. Brodie. 

Head and tail of Trinucleus concentricus, Caradoc Sandstone, Onny, 
Salop. 

Lingula plumbia, Llandeilo flags, Shelve, Salop. 

Asaphus longicaudatus, Wenlock shale, Onny River, Salop. 

Presented by the Rey. P. B. Brodie. 
Homolonotus (tail), Woolhope Limestone, Woolhope, Herefordshire. 
Presented by the Rev. F. W. Weare. 

Cast of Coral, Inferior Oolite, Bath. 

Brontes flabillifer, Middle Devonian, Barton. 

Ogygia Selwini, Llandeilo flags, Shelve, Salop. 

Asaphus Affinis, ditto, Port Madoc, North Wales. 

Angclina Sedgwickii, ditto, ditto. ditto. 

Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 


LIBRARY. 
DONATIONS. 


Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club. Vol. 6. Part 2. 
1864, Presented by the Club. 

Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archeological Society. 
Vol2. Part 5. 1863. Presented by that Society. 

Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool, 
52nd Session. 1862-1863. Presented by that Society. 

Transactions of the Botanical Society. Vol. 7 Part 3. Presented 
by that Society. 


16 


South Kensington Museum Catalogue of Special Loan Exhibition. 
Vol. 1862. Presented by that Society. 


PURCHASES. 


Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 3. No. 65 to 75. 
Bree, R. C. History of the Birds of Europe. Parts 57 to 62. 

Couch, J. A History of the Fishes of the British Island. No. 82 to 42. 
Geologist, No. 65 to 76. 

Morris, F.O. A Natural History of British Moths. No. 29 to 30. 
Paleontographical Society’s Publications :— 

British Fossil Echinodermata from the Oolitic Formations. Vol. 2. 
Part 1—On the Asteroidea. Supplementary Monograph on 
the Mollusca from the Stonesfield Slate, Great Oolite, Forest 
Marble, and Cornbrash. 1863. 

Popular Science Review. Part 9 to 12. 
Ray Society’s Publication :— 
Blackwall’s Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part 2. 1864. 


17 


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18 


DESIDERATA. 
BRITISH ORNITHOLOGY. 


Order 1. Accipitres, Linn. 


Egyptian Vulture, .. .. ..Neophron Percnopterus, (Linn.) 
Griffon Vulture, +s ee ++ Gyps fulvus, (Gmet.) 
Rough-legged Buzzard, .. ..Archibuteo Lagopus, (Briin.) 
Spotted Eagle, .. .. .. ..Aqu‘la nevia, (Gmel.) Mey. 


Jer-falcon, .. ee ae «alco Gyrfalco, Linn. 

Red-footed Falcon, «s+. «.Linnunculus vespertinus, (Linn.) 
Swallow-tailed Kite, .. .-Nauclerus furcatus, (Linn.) Vigors. 
Goshawk, .. . AMMO a2. Bie palumbarius, (Linn.) Bechst. 
Montagu’s Harrier ++ +. «Circus cinerascens, (Mont.) 

Hawk ‘Owl. Sate .-Surnia ulula, (Linn.) Bonap. 
Snowy Owl, Eerie specimen, |Nyctea nivea, (Thunb.) 

Little Owl, . . ..Athene noctua, (Retz.) 


Great- eared Owl, (female, ]_ ..Bubo maximus, Sibb. 
Tengmalm’s Owl, BY ae | Nyctale Tengmalmi, (Gmel.) Strickl. 


Order 2. Passeres, Cuv. 


Alpine Swift, .. .. .. ..Cypselus Melba, (Linn.) 
Rollerg.. _“}..« : -Coracias garrula, Linn. 
Bee-eater, [British specimen, ]. .Merops Apiaster, Linn, 
Dartford Warbler, .. as +. Sylvia undata, (Bodd.) 


Garden Warbler, [female,] ..Sylvia hortensis, (Penn.) 
Fire-crested Regulus, .. ..Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm. 
Plain-crowned Kinglet, .. . Regulus proregulus, (Pall.) 

Black Redstart, [Brit. specimen ] Ruticilla tithys, (Scop.) 
Blue-throated Warbler, .. ..Cyanecula suecica, (Linn.) 
Alpine Accentor, .. .. .-Accentor alpinus, (Gmel.) Bechst. 
Crested Tit, wo ee Cee”) So  Parus oristaius, Linn. 

White Wagtail,.. .. .. .-Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.] 
Grey-headed Wagtail, .. ..Motacilla flava, Linn. 

Rock Pipit,.. .. .. .. ..-Anthus spinoletta, (Linn.) 
Richard’s Pipit,.. .. « «-Anthus Richardi, (Vieill.) 
White’s Thrush, .. « «Durdus varius, Horsf. 

Rock Thrush. .. .. .. ..Zurdus savatilis, Linn. 

Golden Oriole, .. .. ~-. ..Oriolus Galbula, Linn. 
Gold-vented Thrush, ..  ..Pycnonotus aurigaster, (Vieill.) 
Great Ash-coloured Shrike,[fem]Lanius Excubitor, Linn. 
Woodchat Shrike, .. .. ..Enneoctonus rufus, (Briss.) 
Nutcracker, i . .-Nucifraga caryocatactes, (Linn.) Briss. 


Rose-coloured Ouzel, (Brit. spec. ]Pastor roseus, (Linn.) Temm. 


Red-winged Starling,.. 
Mountain Linnet, .. 
Cirl Bunting, .. .. 
Ortolan Bunting, 

Lapland Bunting 
Short-toed Lark, 

Crested Lark, 

Shore Lark, 

Parrot Cross-bill, Soa hs 
White-winged Cross-bill, .. 


19 


. -Agelaius pheniceus, (Linn.) Vieill. 


. .Fringilla flavirostris, Linn. 

. Emberiza Cirlus, Linn. 

..Emberiza hortulana, Linn. 
..Plectrophanes lapponicus, (Linn.) Selb. 
.-Alauda brachydactyla, Temm. 

.. Alauda cristata, Linn. 

. -Otocoris alpestris, (Linn.) 

. Loxia pityopsittacus, Bechst. 

. .Loaia leucoptera, Gmel. 


Order 8. Scansores, Ill. 


American Cuckoo, .. 
Great Spotted Cuckoo, 


--Coccyzus americanus, (Linn.) 
..Oxylophus glandarius, (Linn.) 


Order 4. Columbs, Lath. 


Rock Dove .. 
Passenger Pigeon, 


.. Columba Livia, Briss. 
..Ectopistes migratorius, (Linn.) Swains. 


Order 5. Gallinz, Linn, 


Barbary Partridge, .. .. 
Andalusian Hemipode, 
Virginian Colin,.. 


..Caccabis petrosa, (Lath.) 
..Turniz gibraltaricus, (Gmel.) Gould. 
.. Ortyz virginianus, (Linn.) Gray. 


Order 6. Struthiones, Lath. 


Great Bustard, 
Little Bustard .. 


. Otis tarda, Linn. 
. Otis tetrax, Linn. 


Order 7. Gralla, Linn. 


Great Plover, F 5 
Cream-coloured Courser, . ‘ 
Kentish Plover,.. 

Crane, . Ae ; 
Great White Herdns: A 
- Egret, [British specimen, ] 
Squacco Heron,.. .. .. 
Buff-backed Heron .. .. 
American Bittern. .. .. 
Spoon-bill,.. .. .. . 
White Stork, .. .. .. 


. Cidicnemus crepitans, Temm. 
..Cursorius gallicus, (Gmel.) 
.. Charadrius cantianus, Lath. 
..Grus cinerea, Bechst. 

.. Ardea alba, Gmel. 

.. Ardea Garzetta, Linn. 

.. Ardea comata, Pall. 

. Ardea coromanda, Bodd. 

. Botaurus lentiginosus, Mont, 
. Platalea leucorodia, Linn. 

. .Ciconia alba, Briss. 


Black Sigtk, | .a- oe UO aly Soe 
Spotted Redshank, 4 
Wood Sandpiper, .. .. 
Avocet, >. 
Black- winged Stilt, 2 
Buff-breasted Sandpiper, . aoe 
Broad-billed Sandpiper, .. 
Schinz’s Sandpiper, .. 
Pectoral Sandpiper, .. 
Brown Snipe, 

Sabine’s Snipe, .. 
Red-necked Phalarope, 
Baillon’s Crake,.. 

Little Crake, 


Order 8, 


Spur-winged Goose, .. 
Common Wild Goose, 
White-fronted Goose, 
Pink-footed Goose, 

Bernicle Goose,.. y 
Red-breasted Goose,.. 
Polish Swan, 7 
Whistling Swan, 

Bewick’s Swan, .. 

American Swan, 

Ruddy Shieldrake, 

American Wigeon, 
Bimaculated Duck, 

Gadwall, .. 

Red-crested Whistling Duck, « 
Scaup Pochavrd,. 2 
Ferruginous Duck, 
Harlequin Garrot, 
Long-tailed Hareld, 

Steller’s Western Duck, 
King Duck,.. .. “ 
Surf Scoter, 

Red-breasted Merganser,.. 
Hooded Merganser, . 
Red-necked Grebe, .. 
Sclavonian Grebe, 

Great Auk,.. Spates 
Manx Shearwater, .. .. . 
Cinereous Shearwater, .. 
Wilson’s Petrel,.. 
Fork-tailed Petrel, 
Bulwer's Petrel,.. 
Buffon’s Skua, .. 


.. Thalassidroma Bulweri, 
.Stercorarius cephus, (Briinn.) 


20 


-Ciconia nigra, Bechst. 

-. Totanus stagnalis, Bechst. 

-.Totanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm, 

. .Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn. 
.-Himantopus candidus, Bonn, 

.Tringa rufescens, Vieill. 

-Lringa platyrhyncha Jom: 

-Tringa Schinzit, Bre 

- Tringa pectoralis, Say. 
--Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach. 
--Gallinago Sabini, (Vigors.) 

. -Phalaropus hyperboreus, (Linn.) Cuvier. 
.- Ortygometra pygmea, (Naum.) 
..-Ortygometra minuta, (Pall), 


Anseres, Linn. 


..Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph. 

.. Anser ferus, Gesn. 

..Anser erythropus, (Linn.) Flem. 

--Anser brachyrhynchus, Baill. 

.-Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) Steph. 

. Bernicla rujficollis, 

.- Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrel. 

. Cygnus ferus, Ray. 

-- Cygnus minor, Pall. 

. Cygnus americanus, Sharpless. 

--Casarka rutila, (Pall.) 

.-Mareca americana, (Gmel.) Steph. 

3 eee bimaculata, (Penn.) 
- Chaulelasmus strepera, (Linn.) 


Pall.) Steph. 


-Branta rufina, (Pall.) Boie. 


.-Fuligula Marila, (Linn.) Steph. 
. -Nyroca leucophthalma, (Bechat,) Flem. 
.-Clangula histrionica, (Linn.) Steph, 
..Harelda glacialis, (Paty Leach. 
..Eniconetta Stelleri, (Pall.) 
. .Somateria spectabilis, (Linn.) Steph: 
.-Oidemia perspicillata, (Linn.) Steph. 
.-Mergus Serrator, Linn. 
. Mergus cucullatus, Linn. 
.-Podicepsgrisegena, (Bodd.) Lath. 
--Podiceps cornutus, (Gmel.) Lath. 
.-Alca impennis, Linn. 
-Pufinus Anglorum, Ray. 
. -Puffinus cinereus, Gmel, 
..Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl. 
.. Thalassidroma Leachii, Gress .) 


J. &§.) Gould. 


- 


Common Skua, .. 
Glaucous Gull, .. .,. 
Iceland Gull, 

Little Gull,.. 

Sabine’s Gull, 

Ivory Gull,.. 

Caspian Tern, . 
Gull-billed Tern, 
Sandwich Tern,.. 

Roseate Tern, .. 
White-winged Black Tern, 
Black Noddy, o 


21 


.- Stercerarius catarrhactes, Linn. 
. Juarus glaucus, Brin. 
. Larus leucopterus, Faber. 
. Larus minutus, Pall. 
->aema Sabini, Leach. 
. -Pagophila eburnea, (Gmel.) Kaup. 
. Sterna caspia, Pall. 
. Sterna anglica, Mont, 
se Sivas cantiaca, Gmel. 
. Sterna paradisea, Briin. 
..Hydrockelidon nigra, {Linn.) 
.. Anous stolidus, (Linn.) Catesby. 


22 


Otticers of the Society, 


1864-65. 


PATRON. 
Tur Ricut HoNoURABLE THE HARL oF WARWICK. 


PRESIDENT. 
RicHARD GREAVES, Esq. 


.VICE- PRESIDENTS. 


Tue Richt HonovRABLE THE EARL oF AYLESFORD. 
Cartes HoLtE BRACEBRIDGE, Esq. 
Watter Henry BRAcEBRIDGE, Esq. 

Toe Ricut HonovrasLeE Lorp DoRMER. 
CHARLES FETHERSTON-DILKE, Esq. 
Epwarp GREAVES, Esq., M.P. 

Tae Ricut HonouraBLE Lorp Lercn, F.Z.S. 
GrorcEe Lioyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. 

Srr Cuartes Morpavunt, Bart., M.P. 

Sir GrorcE Ricuarp Pures, Bart. 

Marx Pururs, Esa. 

Evetyn Pamir Suietey, Esq., M.P., F.S.A. 
JoHN STAUNTON, Esq. 

Srr _Rosert GrorcE THRocKMoRTON, Bart. 
Tae Ricut Honovraste Lorp WitiovcHsy DE BRoxe. 
Henry CuristopHer Wiser, Eso. 


HONORARY SECRETARIES. 


Tar Rev. Perer Bexviwerr Brovis, M.A., F.G.S. 
Jonuy Wiiu1am Kirsnaw, F.G.S. 


23 
HONORARY CURATORS. 


Eeologn and Mineralogy. 


The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S. | JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S. 
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G,S. | R. F. TOMES, Esq, F.Z.S 


Potany. 


FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq., F.B:S.E. 


Zoology. 


GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esq.,F.Z.S. 
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A. 


Archwology. 


MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esq. | JOHN FETHERSTON, Jen., Esq., F.S.A. 


W. B. DICKINSON, Esq., M.R.C.S. GEORGE T. ROBINSON, Esg., F.G.H.S. 
+ 
Hibrary. 
H, BLENKINSOP, Esa., F.B.C.S. Eng. | C. D. GREENWAY, Esq. 
TREASURER. 
EDWARD GREAVES, Esq., M.P. 
AUDITOR. 
KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esq. 

COUNCIL. 
The PATRON. THOMAS COTTON, Esq. 
The PRESIDENT. MAJOR GENERAL JOHN H. FREER. 
The VICE-PRESIDENTS. RICHARD GREAVES, Esq. 
The HONORARY SECRETARIES. KELYNGE GREENWAY, Ese: 
The HONORARY CURATORS. JAMES COVE JONES, Esg, F.S.A. 
The TREASURER, The REV. EDMUND ROY, M.A. 
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Ese. THOMAS THOMSON, Esq. M.D. 
The REV. T. J. CARTWRIGHT. THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Ese. 


The REV. E. THORNTON CODD, M.A. | P. 0. CALLAGHAN, Esq., B.A. 
The REV. BERDMORE COMPTON, M.A. 


24 
Hist of atlembers, 


1 S64. 


HONORARY MEMBERS. 


Tue Rev. Apam Sepewicsr, B.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., 
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and 
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of 
Cambridge, §c. 


Rozsert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F-R.SS.L. & E., F.R.C.P.E., 
FE.LS., F.G.8., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy 
and Zoology at the University College, London, §c., Grafton 
Place, Euston Square, London. 


Joun Pururrrs, Hsq., M.A., F.RSi, F.G.S., Deputy Reader 
in Geology, and Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in the 
University:of Oxford, §c., Magdalen Bridge, Oxford. 


Jonn Conotty, D.C.L., M.D.,, E.R.C.P., late Professor of 
the Nature and Treatment of Diseases at the University 
College, London, §c., Lawn House, Hanwell, Middlesex. 


LinvutTENANt-CoLonEL WiniiaAM-Heyry Syxzs, M.P., F.RS. 
V.LS., F.G.S., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde Park, London. 


Samuet Bracu, Esq,, Assistant Keeper of Antiquities, British: 
Museum. 


Apert Way, Esq, M.A, F.S.A.,. Hon.. See. ofthe British; 
Axgcheological. Institute,, Corr. Mem: ofthe ‘* Comité des 
Arts et Monuments,” Wonham, near, Reigate, Surrey. 


25 


MEMBERS. 


THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS. 


The Right Honourable Heneage Finch, Earl of Aylesford, 
Packington Hall, Vice-President. 

W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington. 

Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick. 

Rey. Charles Bickmore, D.D., Hill House, Warwick. 

William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington. 

Henry Blenkinsop, Esq., F.R.C.S. Eng., F.R.M.C.S., Warwick, 
Hon. Curator. 

Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator. 

George Fowler Bodington, M.R.C.S., Eng., Kenilworth. 

*Charles Holte Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice- 
President. 

Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq.. Moreville House, Sherbourne, 
Vice-President. 

The Rey. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Rowington, 
Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator. 

Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke and 
Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron. 

William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick. Member of Council. 

Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrook Grange, near Rugby. 

The Rey. Thomas Garden Carter, M.A. 

The Rev. Theodore John Cartwright, Preston Bagot, Member 
of Council. 

Robert Lucas Chance, Esq., Summerfield House, near Bir- 
mingham. 


26 


W. H. Childe, Esq., Alveston. 

P. O. Callaghan, Esq., B.A., Leamington. 

Mrs. Lucas Calcraft, Leamington. 

Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick. 

The Rey. Edward Thornton Codd, M.A., Tachbrooke, Member 
of Council. 

The Rev. Berdmore Compton, M.A., Barford, Member of 
Council. 

Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick. 

Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth, Member 
of Council, 

William Binley Dickinson, Esq., M.R.C.S., M.N.S., No. 5, 
Lansdowne Circus, Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord Dormer, 
Grove Park, Vice-President. 

James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey. 

John Fetherston, Jun., Esq., F.S.A., Packwood House, Hockley 
Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator. 

Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq., Maxstoke Castle, near Coleshill, 
Vice-President 

Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Clifton Villa, Leam 
Terrace, Leamington, Member of Council. 

Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill. 

John Goodhall, Esq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick. 

*Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P., Avonside, Barford, Vice-Presi- 
dent and Treasurer. 

Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House, Warwick, President. 

Miss Greenway, Warwick. 

Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Charles Durnford Greenway, Esq., Hon. Curator. 

The Rey. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, Leamington. 

The Rey. William Thomas Hadow, M.A., Haseley. 


es 


27 


Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, London, W.C. 

Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon. 

Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M.R.CS., Warwick. 

The Rey. Thomas Jackson, Hatton. 

The Rev. John Jameson, M.A., High Street, Warwick. 

The Rev. Francis Ellis Jervoise, M.A., No. 7, Euston Place, 
Leamington. 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F'.S.A., M.N.S., Loxley House, Afem- 
ber of Council. 

Miss Kimberly, Warwick. 

John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary and 
Hon. Curator. 

Mrs. Lamb, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh, 
-F.Z.S., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President. 

George Lloyd, Esq., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham, Vice-President 
and Hon, Curator. 

The Rey. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy. 

Major Machen, Leamington. 

Mr. Samuel Mallory, Warwick. 

Miss Moor, No. 5, Waterloo Place, Leamington. 

John Moore, Esq., Warwick. 

Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., M.P., Walton, Vice-President. 

George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick. 

Phillip William Newsam, Esq, Warwick. 

The Rey. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton. 

The Rey. E. St. John Parry, Principal of Leamington College. 

William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton. 

Owen Pell, Esq., Leamington. 

The Rey. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New Square, 
Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C. 


28 


Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near Shipston- 
upon Stour, Vice-President. 

Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-President. 

George William John Repton, Esq., M.P. 

The Rey. James Riddle, M.A., No. 3, Beauchamp Terrace 
East, Leamington. 

George Thomas Robinson, Esq., F.G.H.S., Leamington, Hon. 
Ourator. 

The Rey. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth, Member of Gouncil. 

Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street, Leamington. 

The Honourable Colonel Scott, Bagington Hall. 

Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., M.P., F.S.A., Eatington Park, 
near Stratford-upon-Ayon, Vice-President. 

The Rey. Henry Wilmot Sitwell, M.A., Leamington Hastings, 
uear Southam. 

William Smith, Esq., Warwick. 

John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Oouncil. 

Henry Summerfield, Esq., Warwick. 

Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace, Leam- 
ington, Member of Couneil. 

Sir Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland, Faringdon, 
Vice-President. 

Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Welford, near Stratford- 
on-Ayon, Hon. Curator. 

The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator. 

Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F'.B.S.E., Oakfield, Leam- 
ington, Hon. Curator. 

William Walker, Esq., Warwick. 

James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford-upon- 
Avon. 

*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bedworth. 


29 


The Right Honourable Robert John Barnard-Verney, Lord 
Willoughby de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President. 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., Woodcote, Leek Wootton. 
Vice-President. ; 

Matthew Wise, Esq., Shrublands, Leamington. 

Sir Trevor Wheler, Bart., Leamington. 

Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby. 

The Rey. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash. 


1836—1853 


1853—1865 


1836—1837 
1§37—1838 
1838—I839 
1839—1840 
1840—1841 


1841—1842 
1842—1843 


1843—1844 | 


1844—1845 
1845—1846 
1846—1847 


1847—1845 
1848—1849 
1849—1850 
1850—1851 
1851—1852 
1852—1853 
1853—1854 
1854—1855 
1855—1856 
1856—1857 


1857—1858 
1858S—1859 
1859—1860 
1S60—1861 
1861—1862 
1862—1] 863 
1863—1864 
1864—1865 


30 


Hist of Patrons and Presidents, 


From 1836 to 1865. 


PATRONS. 


THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY RICHARD GREVILLE, 
EARL BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK, K.T., LL.D. 
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, EARL 

BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK. 


PRESIDENTS. 


CHANDOS LEIGH, ESQ., F.H.S. 

SIR JOHN MORDAUNT, BART., M.P. 

SIR JOHN EARDLEY EARDLEY WILMOT, BART., M.P., F.RB.S. 

WILLIAM HOLBECHE, ESQ, F GS. 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, LORD 
BROOKE. 

CHARLES HOLTE BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ. 

WILLIAM STAUNTON, ESQ. 

SIR FRANCIS LAWLEY, BART., F.H.S., F.Z.S. 

SIR GRAY SKIPWITH, BART. 

SIR JOHN ROBERT CAVE BROWNE CAVE, BART. 

THE MOST HONOURABLE SPENCER JOSHUA ALWYNE COMP- 
TON, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON, D.C.L., PRESIDENT 
R.S., F.S.A., Hon. M.B.I.A., F.G.S. 

EVELYN JOHN SHIRLEY, ESQ:, M.P. 

THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH. 

SIR THEOPHILUS BIDDULPH, BART. 

CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ. 

MARK PHILIPS, ESQ. 

HENRY CHRISTOPHER. WISE, ESQ. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

WALTER HENRY BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ. 

CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ. 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH, LORD 
LEIGH, F.Z.S. 

EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P., F.S.A. 

THE REV. VAUGHAN THOMAS, B.D. ‘ 

SIR GEORGE RICHARD PHILIPS, BART. 

EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P. 

EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ. 


—_— 


31 


The Meetings of the Council are held Monthly, on the 
First Tuesday in the Month, at Half-past One o’clock. 


The Museum is open daily from Eleven o’clock to Five 
between the First of March and the thirty-first of October, 
and from Eleven o'clock to Four between the First of 
November and the last day of February. 


The Annual Subscription for 1864 are due on the 
24th day of May; and the Council urgently request 
that the Subscribers will cause them to be paid to the 
Treasurer, at the Bank of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and 
Greenways, Warwick; or to Mr. William Delatour 
Blackwell, the Collector of Subscriptions, Leicester Street, 
Leamington. 


; = 
\ he 
Gress 
SW ai says 


PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK. 


ww Ps ca”? eee re 6 ne DAP, ee eee 7. »/ 
4 ee ets Pree UR Pes sof 
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WARWICKSHIRE 


NATURAL HISTORY 


AND 


ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 


ESTABLISHED MAY 24tx, 1836. 


TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT 


OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS, 
READ AT THE 


ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 21, 1865. 


——— 


The Council, in presenting their report to the members, 
congratulate them on the continued prosperity of the 
Society. 


_ Numerous and valuable additions have been made to 
the Museum and Library, by donation and purchase, 
during the past year. 

The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arranging 
a, portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and some of 


the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small but 


judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when 
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon 
make the entire Geological collection most valuable and 
instructive, and one of the best out of London. At present 
the collections of Natural History and Geology form a 
good educational medium for all classes, and it is of the 


9 
utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency. 
The Council record with pleasure a visit lately paid to the 
Museum by Professor Owen, who expressed a high opinion 
of its general arrangement and the importance and value 
of its contents. 


Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is 
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the 
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be 
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than 
itis at present. It is impossible to arrange such a collection 
properly, and for the same reason it is much less profitable 
than it otherwise would be for all purposes of general 
instruction. 


Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, 
there are several Formations which are still very defec- 
tive, amongst which may be enumerated the following :— 
The Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, 
Sconce, Headon hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. 


~ London Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and 


Lower Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower 
Silurian will be very acceptable. The aid of the mem- 
bers is particularly requested in procuring fossils from the 
County, especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian, 
as it should be the chief aim of all local Museums to have 
as fine a suite as possible from the strata which occur in 
the immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire 
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out. 
The Minerals have been, to some extent, re-arranged, 
through the kindness of Dr. Procter, of York, though 
much is still required to be done. Indeed, the specimens 
' 


git eedil 
=e 


3 


are generally of an inferior kind, and the entire collection 
might be. greatly improved by donations from any mem- 
bers interested in mineralogy. 


“The Birds are in excellent order, and form a very 
instructive collection, and several valuable specimens 
have been lately secured. At page 16 it will be seen 
what additional British Birds are needed. 


The Shells, which are a large and valuable series, require 
some attention, as many of them have become displaced, 
and want, in many instances, re-naming. Sir David Bar- 
clay has kindly promised to put the whole in better order, 
and add desiderata from his own fine collection. A series 
of the land and freshwater Shells of Warwickshire would 
be an important addition. 


The Accounts have been audited, and the General 
Financial Statement from March 25th, 1864, to March 
25th, 1865, is appended to this report. 


‘The Museum, now containing a valuable and_ well- 
atranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and 
Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not ex- 
tensive, contains many works of cost and value, is highly 
creditable to the Town and County of Warwick, and 
deserves a much greater amount of support than it has 
of late years received. An excellent foundation has been 
daid, but much more might be effected if adequate means 
were placed at the disposal of the Council. 


_ Owing to the losses, by death, of several subscribers 
during the past year, and the small number of additional 
members, the funds of the Society are in a much less 


4 


satisfactory condition than could be desired. A reference 
to the list of Subscribers will show that only a few of the 
rich and influential people in the County belong to the 
Society, and if the Members would solicit Annual Sub- 
scriptions from their friends and neighbours, it is probable 
that a considerable addition would be made to the funds 
of the Society before the end of the present year. 


The Council have much pleasure in stating that the 
upper room has now been enlarged and otherwise im- 
proved, giving thereby increased accommodation for speci- 
mens, so much needed, and will enable them to make 
many additions and important alterations which the 
crowded state of the rooms rendered essential. Mr. 
Dickenson has been good enough to arrange the Arche- 
ological Collection now removed up stairs. The mammalia 
have been placed in proper order by Mr. Tomes, and 
several important additions have been made to them 
during the past year. 


The Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archeologists’ Field 
Club held their annual Winter Meeting (by the kind per- 
mission of the Council of the Warwickshire Natural History 
Society) in the Museum, Warwick, on Monday, February 
the 8th, 1864. P. Wykeham Martin, Esq., M.P., the 
President, took the chair, and read the usual annual 
Address. 


The Rev. G. Henslow then proceeded to deliver a lecture 
on ‘Botanical Geography, with special reference to the 
distribution of the British Flora.” 


On Tuesday, May 24th, the Warwickshire Naturalists’ 
and Archxologists’ Field Club held their first meeting for 


5 


the summer at Broadway in Worcestershire. Arriving 
there soon after ten o’clock a.m. the members were met at 
the “Bell” by Mr. Beadles, a member of the Worcester. 
shire Field Club, who kindly accompanied them as their 
guide to all the most interesting spots in the immediate 
neighbourhood. Ascending the hill, a small cutting at- 
tracted the attention of the Geologists, and as it exhibited 
thé sandy ‘and highly fossiliferous beds immediately below 
the marlstone, rarely exposed, it was well worth a detailed 
examination. The Secretary observed that he had only 
déén these beds’at Churchdown hill, in Gloucestershire, at 
Dursley, in the same County, and at Avon Dassett, in 
Warwickshire, in all of which places they are highly 
fossiliferous. At Broadway the fossils noted were Phola- 
domya, Belemnites, Terebratula, Ammonites, Plicatula, 
and Avicula... This.was the only spot in the ascent wheie 
the Liias could be seen, nor was the Marlstone or upper 
Lias anywhere exposed before reaching the Oolite, though 
it must be of considerable thickness. 


On the top of the hill a pause was made to look at the 
fine view overlooking a rich vale, from which the Liassic 
outliers of Stanley and Dumbleton. hills stand forth, with 
the more distant hill of Bredon, the Malverns and May 
hill anticlinal. Several quarries. of inferior Oolite were 
visited, consisting of the upper and lower Freestone, the 
latter affording the building stone, as at Birdlip and 
Cleeve, near Cheltenham, but no Pisolite or Oolite Marl 
as at the latter places. Scarcely any fossils were to be 
found in it except some Terebratula, Rhynchonellez, and 
one specimen of Hyboclypus agariciformis, and a few 
minute Univalves. 


6 


The absence of organic remains renders it a more valu- 
able stone for building, and it has the advantage of being 
readily worked when first quarried, but hardening on 
exposure to the air. It is of a more uniform yellow 
colour than the equivalent beds of the more southern 
Cotswolds. 

Higher up, on the summit of the hill, these freestones 
are overlaid by the ragstones, in which fossils.were far 
more abundant, among which the following may be noted, 
fragments of Ammonites, a Nautilus, Belemnites. brevis, 
Ostrea Marshii, Corbula, Astarte excavata, Gervillia. 
Hartmanni, Serpule, casts of Trigonia costata, and a 
large species of Cucullea in fragments, but no Gryphites 
were observed. 

Crossing the fields, towards Campden House, in ‘the 
descent the clays and shales of the upper Lias were observed 
containing Ammonites communis and Inoceramus dubius, 
apparently highly fossiliferous, but no quantity of the clay 
could be got at. Large masses of Oolite had fallen down 
hereabouts and filled up hollows in the upper Lias, 
occurring at a much lower level owing to this slip or sub- 
sidence. A few blocks of the top beds of the lower or 
middle Lias, full of fossils similar to those in the Rail- 
way cutting at Campden, and Hewlett’s hill, near Chel- 
tenham, were seen below, but no section was exposed. A 
very pretty walk along the brow of the hill led the party 
to the back of the “ Bell,” where they dined. 


As no botanists were present, and. no archxological 
objects of interest presented themselves, the. day. was 
devoted to Geology and the enjoyment of the picturesque 
scenery of the neighbourhood. 


7 


On Monday, June 20th, the Club met at Cleobury 
Mortimer, Shropshire. Arriving at nine p.m. they were 
hospitably entertained at supper by Weaver Jones, Hsq., 
the only local Geologist. On Tuesday, after breakfasting 
. with the Rev. S. Lowndes, he kindly drove the party to 
Farlow, where, in company with the Rev. J. Williams, the 
Rector, they examined the famous quarry of yellow sand- 
stone, the upper part of the old Red Sandstone, and the 
equivalent of the beds at Dura Den, in Scotland. Though 
not very successful, they discovered a tooth and scale of 
Holoptychius, and two imperfect portions of the body of 
the new British Pterichthys, the only locality in England 
where it has been met with. It is uncertain whether it 
oceurs’in a particular bed which after careful search could 
not be met with in situ, or whether it occurs indiscriminately 
throughout the more solid blocks of stone, which forms a 
’ tolerably good material for building. The strata at the 
pit are somewhat, though only slightly, disturbed, but 
ascending the hill, the junction beds with the Mountain 
limestone were exposed, dipping at a high angle conformable 
to the Old Red. 


Proceeding thence to Oreton, some time was spent in 
examining the fine sections of Mountain limestone, which 
forms a continuous anticlinal ridge for some distance, with 
the Old Red on one side, and the Carboniferous on the 
other. The Mountain limestone is much faulted and 
disturbed, hence the dip is very irregular; in places the 
strata are nearly vertical, especially in an old quarry near 
Farlow Church, but in others are very little inclined, even 
in the same section. Corals and shells abound, but the 
species seem to be limited, and neither so numerous nor 


8 


well preserved as in other places, but this limestone. is 
chiefly famous for its fine and abundant remains of 
Cestraciont fishes, consisting of palatal teeth and. spines, 
in fine preservation, which are fully illustrated in Mr. 
Jones’ choice and extensive collection. 


Returning to Farlow, the Club, including several ladies 
and members of the Severn Valley Field Club, sat down 
to an al fresco luncheon, kindly provided by Mr. Lowndes. 
Here the Rev. W. Purton gave a detailed. geological, 
description of the district, with which he is well acquainted, 
and Mr. Brodie pointed out the numerous lines of basaltic 
upthrow of the Clee hills, the more distant Wrekin, the 
Clent hills, and the other older plutonic outbursts of the 
Malverns, and the country adjacent to the Longmynd. An 
upheaval of greenstone also occurs in a small ridge lying 
between Oreton and Wyre Forest. 


After luncheon, the Warwickshire Club ascended the 
Titterstone Clee, which commands one of the finest and 
most extensive views in the district, commanding the 
whole of the Silurians round Ludlow, Caer Caradoc, and 
the Longmynd, the intervening old Red Sandstone being 
well marked by the red colour of the soil. The slopes of 
the hill consist of the Millstone grit and coal, which is 
worked at. several places, the shafts being sunk through 
the trap which has thrown up the coal measures bursting 
through them at a central point in the hill, and having 
overflowed on the top; forming altogether a most striking 
and instructive section,—perhaps one of the most remark- 
able of the kind in the country. The basalt is scattered 
about in all directions on the summit and slope of the 


hill, and has assumed an imperfect columnar column 


when cooling. 


9 


On Wednesday, the members walked to the Coal pits on 
Clee hill, where a few plants were collected, but rarely well 
preserved, owing to the brittle nature of the shales and 
under clays which contain them in abundance. The Coal 
itself appears to be of rather an inferior quality. The view 
from this side of the hill is very fine, looking over Wyre 
Forest, the Abberley, Malvern, and Clent hills, towards 
Wolverhampton and Dudley. The Old Red is again 
readily traced by the colour of the soil occupying the 
lower ground towards Cleobury, beyond which the Car- 
boniferous series again comes in. 


On Thursday, the Club, under Mr. Lowndes’ guidance, 
walked along the new line of railway towards Bewdley to 
examine the sections of the coal measures there exposed, 
which presented many points of interest, especially at one 
spot, which led to an animated discussion between the 
Geologists. Here and there thin bands of coal were 
present, with shales, clays, ironstone, and thickly embedded 
sandstones. Very few fossils were procured, the most 
noticeable being Calamites and Sigillaria, and a fine 
impression of Lepidodendron with the attached bark con- 
verted into coal. 


Arriving at Far Forest Rectory, some refreshment was 
kindly provided by the Rev. J. Lea, the Incumbent. From 
this spot a good view of Wyre Forest was obtained, being 
situated near the centre. Returning to Cleobury, a good 
section of Old Red Sandstone was examined about a mile 
from the Town. No fossils were observed, but the white, 
fine-grained sandstone affords an excellent and beautiful 
building stone. 


10 


Many interesting plants were collected by Mr. Henslow 
and Mr. Cooke, and the former has kindly furnished the 
annexed list. 


Ranunculus hederaceus, near Coal mines; Viola lutea, 
Clee hills; Hypericum pulchrum, Clee hills; Hypericum 
humifusum, on Clee hills; Erodium cicutarium, Cleobury 
Mortimer; Geranium columbinum, Cleobury Mortimer ; 
Geranium pheum, Farlow; Geranium sylvaticum, Meadow 
near Cleobury ; Ornithopus perpusillus, near Bewdley 


Station ; Trifolium arvense, near Bewdley Station ; Vicia - 


sylvatica, Cleobury; Orobus tuberosus, Cleobury; Genista 
tinctoria, Meadow by railway; Knautia arvensis, var: 
prolific, Meadow by railway; Jasione montana, Clee hills; 
Melaupyrum pratense, var: album, near Railway; Veronica 
sylvatica, near Railway; Pyrola media; Marubrium 
vulgare, by Bewdley Station ; Montia fontana, near Coal 
Mines ; Callitriche platycarpa, near Coal Mines; Orchis 
pyramidalis, near Oreton; Habenaria bifolia, near Oreton; 
Habenaria chloranthra, near Oreton; Juncus squarrosus, 
Clee hills; Carex muricata, above Oreton (on the common); 
C. stallaris, above Oreton; Poa rigida, Oreton Quarries ; 
Triodia decumbens, Cleobury; Aira precox, Clee hills; 
Aira caryophylla, Clee hills; Nardus strictus, Clee hills ; 
Polypodium vulgare, Clee hills; Polypodium dryopteris, 
near Farlow; Lastrea oreopteris, Clee hills; Lastrea Felix 
mas, Clee hills; Athyrium Felix femina; Clee hills; 
Asplenium Adiantum nigrum, Clee hills; Botrychium 
lunaria, common above Oreton. 

Messrs. Roberts and Morris give the following list of fossil 
fish remains from the Mountain limestone of Oreton, which 
consist chiefly of Palates and spines of great size. 


F i 


Chomatodus cinctus. Cochliodus contortus. 
‘ linearis. magnus ? ng 
Ctenacanthus brevis. striatus ? as 
F ° 
major. n. 8: 7, 
tenuistriatus. Deltodus n. s. z 
D. 8. a 
= 
Ctenopetalus serratus. Helodus didymus. 4 
levissimus. = 
c ‘ < “ 
Orodus einctus. mamillaris. So 
ramosus. subteres. | 3 
ces 


Psammodus Goughii. 
: porosus. Pristicladodus Goughii(tooth) | 


Among the shells are Spirifere and Rhynchonelle, 
which are the most abundant, but the species are few. 
Discina nitida, Productus, Enonphalus peutan gulatus, 
and rarely Conularia; of Trilobites portions only of 
Phillipsia mucronata ; of Bryozoa are Fenestrella plebeia 
and Morrisii. Vincularia megastoma. 


Of Crinoids the genera Poteriocrinus gracilis ; Cyatho- 
crinus macrocheirus and quinquangularis ; chiefly stems 
and plates, the only portion of a head with attached stem 
occurring in Mr. Jones’ cabinet. The above and other 
fossils from Oreton are well represented in his fine 
collection. 


The stone is exceedingly hard, and the fossils very 


difficult to extract in consequence. 


The Warwickshire Naturalists’ Field Club held their 
third and last summer meeting at Dudley, on August 8rd, 
to meet the Dudley Field Club. After examining the ruins 


12 


of the Castle, they visited the Museum lately established, 
the old one having disappeared, and judging from the 
present fine collection of local fossils, it bids fair to establish 
a well-merited notoriety. The local collection of fossils 
from the Wren’s nest, containing some choice and rare 
Encrinites and Trilobites are well worthy of attention. 
Taking the route by Windmill hill to the Wren’s nest, the 
members were able to trace out the western portion of the 
Coal field, and the bosses of the Greenstone in that direc- 
tion, the most noticeable of which is that at Barrow hill. 
Near Parkes Hall and the water-works certain shale beds, 
with numerous fossils, were examined, and a valve of the 
rare “‘Chiton Grayii” was discovered. The local Geologists 
were of opinion that these shales belong to the Lower , 
Ludlow series, from the prevalence of certain forms which 
characterize that portion of the Silurians, though inter- 
mingled with others which also occur in the Wenlock 
limestone and upper Ludlow. Attention was also drawn 
to some interesting faults by which the limestone is cut off 
to the North West. Arriving at the southern end of the 
Silurian dome, the fine section of the well known Dudley 
limestone were carefully examined and numerous charac- 
teristic fossils especially Corals, were procured. Returning 
by the Old Park, a halt was made to examine the Ludlow 
beds, lately thrown out by some new sinkings now in 
progress, and a rich harvest of organic remains might have 
been reaped if time could have been spared to give them a 
careful examination. 


13 


Anditions to the Museum and Hibrary. 
GEOLOGY. 


DONATIONS. 


(Eucrinurus punctatus. Presented by the Rev. E. 


Spooner. 
peer Cheirurus bimucronatus. Ditto, ditto. 
Silurian, | Cyphaspis migalops. Ditto, ditto. 
(Wenlock 4 Acidaspis coronatus (tail). Presented by — Maughan, 
Limestone,) | Esq, 
ape Se Phacops Stokesil. Ditto, ditto: 
{ Proetus latifrons. Ditto, Rev. E. Spooner. 
} fAvicula,n.s. Oxford Clay, Staverton, Wilts. 7 


| Lima rustica. Lias, near Gloucester. 
| Gyrtolites. Lower Ludlow, Dudley. 
Terebratula digona. Great Oolite, Northampton- 


shire. 
Gervillia lavis. Lias, Cheltenham. Presented 
4 Echinus granulosus. Green Sand, Wilts. ~ by:the 
Pectunculus umbonatus. Ditto, Blackdown. Rey. Be B. 
Lingula mimima. Ludlow beds, Ludlow. Brodie. 
Phacops Weaveri. May-hill sandstone, Tortworth, 
Gloucestershire. 
Cerithium Damonis. Oxford clay, Claydon, Bucks. | 
Ancyloceras Calloviensis. Ditto, Kelloways, Wilts. J 
(Serpula parallela. Mountain Limestone, Yorkshire. 
Sponges in Flint. Wilts. S 
Pectens. Lias shale, Vale of Gloucester. wee 
_\Pentamerus linguifer. Malvern. $ apo 5° Z 
Hemielytron of Hemiptera (Belostoma). ‘ees 
nore Elater vetustus. Binton, Warwickshire. aS 


- Jaas. Trogulus. (Insect Limestone.) Gloucester- 
shire 


14 


Cdnularia. Colebrook Dale. 

Diplodus gibbosus. Coal, Staffordshire. 

Anthracomya. Adamsii, ditto. 

Ayicula carinata. ditto. 

Rostellaria calcarata. Green sand, Blackdown. j 

Belemnoteuthis. Oxford clay, Wilts. 

Anthracosia acuta. Coal, Staffordshire. 

Ammonites ibex. L. Lias. 

Fucoids, Lower Llandovery, Aberystwith. 

Montlivaltia Haimei. Lower Lias, Newark, Notts. 

Cerithium. Plastic clay, Woolwich. 

Cyrena. ditto, ditto. p 

Syphonia (Polypothecia) head. Upper Green Sand. | 
(Cup Sponge.) Warminster, Wilts. 

Black and Green Obsidian, and other volcanic 
products. Island of Ascension. 


Presented by 
the Rev. 
P. B. Brodie. 


Three Slabs of New Red Sandstone, with Footprints of Reptile. 
(Rhyncosaurus or Labyrinthodon.) Lymm, Cheshire. Presented 
by the Rev. 8. Cooke. 

Footsteps of Labyrinthodon. Lower? Keuper, Emscote. 

Presented by Mr. J. H. Clark. 


Woodocrinus macrodactylus and Coal plants, Yorkshire. 
Presented by Edward Wood, Esq. 


LIBRARY. 


DONATIONS. 


Twenty-one Annual Reports of the Leeds Philosophical Society, 
Presented by that Society. 

Addresses and Papers. Ditto, ditto. 

“Transactions of Botanica Society, Edinburgh. Presented by that 
Society. 2 


a 


: 


15 
PURCHASES. 


Annals and Magazine of Natural History. No. 76 to 87. 
Couch, JA History of the Fishes of the British Islands. No. 43 
to 52. 
Geological Magazine. No. 1 to 9. 
Paleontographical Society’s Publications :— 
Cretaceous Eehinodermata. Vol. 1, Part 1. 
Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, &c., Formations. Part 1, 
‘ Devonian. 
Fossil Brachiopoda. Vol. 3, Part 6. No.1. Devonian. 
Eocene Mollusca... Part 4. No.2. Bivalves. 
Reptilia of the Cretaceous and Wealden Formations. Supp. 
No. 2, Cretaceous. Supplement, No. 3, Wealden. 
Popular Science Review. part 13 to 16. 
Ray Society’s Publications :-- 
Dr. Gunther’s Reptiles of British India. 
Camden Society’s Publications :— 
80 Proceedings in Kent, 1640. 
81 Parliamentary Debates in 1610. 
82 Foreign Protestants and Aliens in England, 1618—88. 
83 Wills from Doctor's Commons. 
84 Trevelyan Papers. Part 11. 
85 Marmaduke Rawdon, of York. 
86 Letters of Margaret of Anjou. 
87 The Camden Miscellany. Vol. 5. 
88 Letters of Sir Robert Cecil. 
89 Promptorium parvolorum. Tome 3. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


DONATIONS. 


Three Snakes in Bottle. Presented by W. Smeaton, Esq. 
Anglo Saxon Vase, with bones, from near Long Itchington. Presented 
by Mr. Buffery, Warwick. 


16 


Flint Flakes, &c., and Pamphlet descriptive of them, &c. Presented 
by Henry Christy, Esq., London. 

Anglo-Saxon Boss of Shield, Shears, &c, from near Meon-hill. 
Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq. 

Little Auk, Wedgnock Park, Warwick. Presented by Mr. John 
Davis. 

Five Mummy Crocodiles. Thebes. Leeds Philosophical Society. 

Three Druicerii, four Roman brass, several Chinese coins, and others. 
Presented by W. Scott, Esq, Priory, Warwick. 

A Dagger, said to be found in the bed of the Thames. Presented by 
W..Scott, Esq., Priory, Warwick. 

Felus catus Liun. North Britain, Ben Nevis. 
Presented by R. F. Tomes, Esq. 

Cervus elephas. From Scotland. Presented by HE. Greaves, Esq. 


17 


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19 
DESIDERATA. 
BRITISH ORNITHOLOGY. 


Order 1. Accipitres, Linn. 


Egyptian Vulture, .. ..  ..Neophron Perenopterus, (Linn.) 
Griffon Vulture, ++ «+ «-Gyps fulvus, (Gmel.) 
Rough-legged Buzzard, .. ..Archibuteo Lagopus, (Briin.) 
Spotted Eagle, .. .. .. ..Aquila nevia, (Gmel.) Mey. 


Jer-falcon, .. ++ «+. «-Faleo Gyrfalco, Linn. 

Red- footed Falcon; +... «.Tinnunculus vespertinus, (Linn.) 
Swallow-tailed Kite,.. ..  ..Nawclerus furcatus, (Linn.) Vigors. 
Goshawk, *... 2.) Tadhns.t), .s Ashu palumbarius, (Linn.) Bechst. 
Montagu’s Harrier, ++ «+ «Circus cinerascens, (Mont.) " 
Hawk Owl,.. .. -Surnia ulula, (Linn.) Bonap. . 

Snowy Owl, [British specimen, |Nyctea nivea, (Thunb.) 

Little Owl, . ..Athene noctua, (Retz.) 

Great-eared Owl, ‘female, ] .-Bubo maximus, Sibb. 

Tengmalm’sOwl .. ..Nyctale Tengmalmi, (Gmel.) Strickl. 


Order 2. Passeres, Cuv. 


Alpine Swift, -. .. ..  ..Cypselus Melba, (Linn.) 
Roller,.. .. -Coracias garrula, Linn. 
Bee-eater [British specimen, i -Merops Apiaster, Linn. 
Dartford Warbler, .. . . Sylvia undata, (Bodd.) 
Garden Warbler, [female, . Sylvia hortensis, (Penn.) 
Fire-crested Regulus, .. ..Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm. 
Plain-crowned Kinglet, .. ..Regulns proregulus, (Pall.) 
Black Redstart, [Brit.specimen]Ruticilla tithys, (Scop.) 
Blue-throated Warbler, .. ..Cyanecula suecica, (Linn.) 


Alpine Accentor, -. ++,...Accentor alpinus, (Gmel. Bechst. 
Crested Tit, os oe es ~~. Parus cristatus, Linn. 

White Wag tail, . -. «. .-Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.] 
Gooy headed Wagtail, -. «.Motacilla flava, Linn. 

Rock Pipit,.. ..  ..  ..  ..Amnthus spinoletta, (Linn.) 


Richard's Pipit,... .. «+  ..Anthus Richardi, (Vieill.) 

White’s Thrush,.. .. ..  ..Turdus varius. Horsf. 

Rock Thrush, .. ..  ... ..Zurdus sacatilis, Linn. 

Golden Oriole, .. ... .. «.Oriolis Galbula, Linn. 

Gold-vented Thrush, -. ..Pyenonotus aurigaster, (Vieil.) 

Great Ash- colouredShrike, [fem] Lanius Excubitor, Linn. 

Woodchat Shrike, .. ..  ..EHmneoctonus rufus, (Briss.) 
Nutcracker, . . .- Nucifraga caryocatactes, (Linn.) Briss. 
Rose- colouredOuzel, (Brit. spec, ]Pastor roseus, (Linn.) Temm. 


Red-winged Starling, 
Mountain Linnet, 

Cir] Bunting, 

Ortolan Bunting, 
Lapland Bunting, 
Short-toed Lark, 
Crested Lark, 

Shore Lark, 

Parrot Cross-bill, 5 
White-winged Cross-bill, . 


Order 3. 


American Cuckoo, 
Great spotted Cuckoo, 


Order 4. 


Rock Dove,.. 
Passenger Pigeon, 


Order 5. 


Barbary Partridge, .. 
Andalusian Hemipode, 
Virginian Colin, 


Order 6, 


Great Bustard .. 
Little Bustard .. 


Order 7. 


Great Plover, 2 - 
Cream-coloured Courser, . Se 
Kentish Plover,.. 

Craney..% < 

Great White ‘Heron, .. 2 eae 
Egret, [British pence 
Squacco Heron,.. 
Bnfif-backed Heron, {3 
American Bittern, 
Spoon-bill, .. 

White Stork, 


20 


.-Agelaius pheniceus. (Linn) Vieil. 
.-Fringilla flavirostris, Linn. 
..Hmberiza Cirlus, Linn. 

..Emberiza hortulana, Linn. 
.-Plectrophanes lapponicus, (Linn.) Selb. 
. -Alauda brachydactyla, Temm. 
..Alauda cristata, Linn. 

. -Otocoris alpestris, (Linn.) 

.-Loxia pityopsittacus, Bechst. 

. Loxia leucoptera, Gmel. 


Scansores, Ill, 


..Coccyzus americanus, (Linn.) 
.. Oaylophus glandarius, (Linn.) 


Columba, Lath. 


.. Columba Livia, Briss. 
. .Ectopistes migratorius, (Linn.)Swains. 


Galline, Linn. 


..Caccabis petrosa, (Lath.) 
..- Turniz gibraltaricus, (Gmel.) Gould. 
. -Ortyx virginianus, (Linn.). Gray. 


Struthiones, Lath. 


. .Otgs tarda, Linn. 
.. Otis tetrax, Linn. 


Gralle, Linn. 


. .Gidienemus crepitans, Temm. 
..Cursorius gallicus, (Gmel.) 
ee Charadrius cantianus, Lath. 
..Grus cinerea, Bechst. 

.. Ardea alba, Gmel. 

.. Ardea Garzetta, Linn. 

.. Ardea comata, Pall. 

.. Ardea coromanda, Bodd. 

. .Botaurus lentiginosus, Mont. 
..Platalea leucorodia, Linn. 
.-Ciconia alba, Briss. 


Black Stork, 

Spotted Redshank, 
Wood Sandpiper, 
Avocet, ate 
Black-winged Stilt, cs 
Buff-breasted Sandpiper,.. 
Broad-billed Sandpiper 
Schinz’s Sandpiper .. 
Pectoral Sandpiper, .. 
Brown Snipe, 

Sabine’s Snipe, . 
Red-necked Phalarope 
Baillon’s Crake,. 

Little Crake, 


Order 8. 


Spur-winged Goose, .. 
Common Wild Goose, 
White-fronted Goose, 
Pink-footed Goose, .. 
Bernicle Goose,.. ‘ 
Red-breasted Goose,. . 
Polish Swan, . A 
Whistling Swan, 
Bewick’s Swan, 
American Swan, 
Ruddy Shieldrake, 
American Wigeon, 
Bimaculated Duck, 
Gadwall,, .. 
Red-crested Whistling Duck, 
Scaup Pochard, . J 
Ferruginous Duck, 


Harlequin Garrot, 


Long-tailed Hareld, . 
Steller’s Western Duck, 
King Duck, 

Surf Scoter, 
Red-breasted Merganser,. . 
Hooded Merganser, .. 
Red-necked Grebe, 
Sclayonian Grebe 

Great Auk,.. 

Manx Shearwater, 
Cinereous Shearwater, 
Wilson’s Petrel,.. .. 4. 
Fork-tailed Petrel, 
Bulwer's Petrel,.. 
Buffon’s Skua, .. 


21 


..Ciconia nigra, Bechst. 

.- Totanus stagnalis, Bechst. 

.- Lotanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm. 

.. Reewrvirostra Avocetta, Linn. 

. -Himantopus candidus, Bonn. 

.. Tringa rufescens, Vieill. 

.- Tringa platyrhyncha,. Temm. 
..Pringa Schinzii, Brehm. 

.. Tringa pectoralis; Say. 
.-Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach. 
..Gallinago Sabini, (Vigors.) 

. -Phalaropus hyperboreus, (Linn.) Cuvier. 
..Ortygometra pygmea, (Naum.) 

. -Ortygometra minuta, (Pall.) 


Anseres, Linn, 


. -Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph. 
.. Anser ferus, Gesn. 

..Anser erythropus, (Linn.) Flem. 
.-Anser brachyrhynchus, Baill. 

. -Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) Steph. 

. Bernicla rujficollis, (Pall.) Steph. 

. Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrel. 

.- Cygnus ferus, Ray. 

. Cygnus minor, Pall. 

. -Cygnus americanus, Sharpless. 

. Casarka rutila, (Pall.) 

.-Mareca americana, (Gmel.) Steph. 
--Querquedula bimaculata, (Penn.) 

. .Chaulelasmus strepera, (Linn.) 
..Branta rufina, (Pall.) Boie. 

..Fuligula Marila (Linn.) Steph. 

. -Nyroca leucophthalma, (Bechst.) Flem. 
.-Clangula histrionica, (Linn.) Steph. 
.-Harelda glacialis, (Linn.) Leach. 
.-Eniconetia Stelleri, (Pall.) 

. -Somateria spectabilis, (Linn.) Steph. 

. Oidemia perspicillata, (Linn.) Steph. 
..Mergus Serrator, Linn. , 

.-Mergus cucullatus, Linn. 

. -Podiceps grisegena, (Bodd.) Lath. 

. -Podiceps cornutus, (Gmel.) Lath. 

.. Alcea impennis, Linn. 
..Pufinus Anglorum, Ray. 
. -Pufjinus cinereus, Gmel. 
..- Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl. 
.-Thalassidroma Leachii, (Temm.) 
.-Thalassidroma Bulweri, (J.&8.) Gould. 
. .Stercorarius cephus, (Briinn.) 


Common Skua, .- 
Glaucous Gull, .. 
Iceland Gull, 

Little Gull,.. 

Sabine’s Gull, 

Ivory Gull,.. 

Caspian Tern, . 
Gull-billed Tern, 
Sandwich Tern,.. 

Roseate Tern, .. 
White-winged. Black ‘Torn, 
Black Noddy, .. a 


22 


.. Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn. 
«Larus glaucus, Briin. 

. Larus leucopterus, Faber. 

..- Larus minutus, Pall. 

..Aema Sabini, Leach. 
-Pagophila eburnea. (Gmel.) Kaup. 
. Sterna caspia, Pall. 

. Sterna anglica, Mont. 

. .Strena cantiaca, Gmel. 

. Strena paradisea, Brin. 
.-Hydrochelidon nigra, (Linn.) 

. Andus stolidus, (Linn.) Catesby. 


23 


Officers of the Society, 


1856-66. 


PATRON. 


Tax Ricut HonovraBte THe Hart oF WARWICK. 


PRESIDENT. 
Ricuarp Greaves, Esq. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS. 
Tue Ricut HonovurasLteE THE Hart oF AYLESFORD. 


Cuartes Hours Bracesrincs, Esa. 
Watter Henry Bracesrines, Esq. 
Tae Ricut Honovrastze Lorp Dormer. 
Lorp Viscount Duncan. 
Cuartes Feraerston- Diixe, Esa. 
Epwarp Greaves, Esa. 
Tue Ricut Honovraste Lorp Leten, F.Z.S. 
Grorce Luoyp, Ese., M.D., F.G.S. 

Sm Cxartes Morpaunt, Barr., M.P. 
Sir Greorce Ricnarp Pumirs, Bart. 
Marx Purirs, Ese. 

Kyetyn Pamir Suretey, Esa., F.S.A. 
Joun Staunton, Esa. 

Sm Rosert Greorce Turoceworton, Barr. 
Tue Ricut Honovraste Lorp Wintovessy pe Broke. 
Henry CuristorpHer Wisr, Esa. 


HONORARY SECRETARIES, 
Tue Rev. Peter Bevimwerr Bropm, M.A., F.G.S. 


JoHN Wituiam Kirsgaw, F.G.§. 


24 
HONORARY OUBATORBS. 


Geology avd Mineralogy. 
The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S, JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S, 


GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D.,, F.G.S. R.F. TOMES, Esgq., F.Z,S. 
WILLIAM VAUGHAN RUSSELL, Esg., F.G.S. 


DHotany. 


FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esa., F.B.S.E. 


Zoology. 


GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. || ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esgq., F.Z.S. 
The REV, HENRY J. TORRE, B.A. 


Archwology. 
MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esa. JOHN FETHERSTON, Jun. Esq. F.S.A. 


W. B. DICKINSON, Esq., M.R.C.S. GEORGE T. ROBINSON, Esq,, F.G.H,S. 
P. O, CALLAGAN, Esq., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L. 


Library. 
H, BLENKINSOP, Esq,, F.R.C.S. Eng. | C, D. GREENWAY, Esq. 


TREASURER. 


EDWARD GREAVES, Esa. 


AUDITOR. 
KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esq. 

COUNCIL. 
The PATRON EC THOMAS COTTON, Esa. 
The PRESIDENT P,O.CALLAGHAN, Esq, MA, LLD,DCL, 
The VICE-PRESIDENTS JAMES DUGDALE, Esq. 
The HONORARY SECRETARIES MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN H. FREER, 
The HONORARY CURATORS RICHARD GREAVES, Esq. 
The TREASURER KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esq. 
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. JAMES COVE JONES, Esa., F.S,A. 
The REV. T. J. CARTWRIGHT. The REV. EDMUND ROY, M.A. 


The REV. E, THORNTON CODD, M A. | THOMAS THOMSON, Esg,, M.D. 
The REV. BERDMORE COMPTON, M,A | THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Esa. 


25 
ist of Wlembers, 


1865. 


HONORARY MEMBERS. 

Tur Rev. Avam Sepewicr, B.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., 
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and 
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of 
Cambridge, dc. 


| Rozszert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.S8.L. & E., F.R.C.P.E., 

‘ F.L.S., F.G.S8., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy 

and Zoology at the University College, London, éc., Grafton 
Place, Euston Square, London. 


| Joun Paruies, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.8., Deputy Reader 
in Geology, and Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in the 
University of Oxford, éc., Magdalen Bridge, Oxford. 


Joun Conoutty, D.C.L., M.D., F.R.C.P., late Professor of 
q the Nature and Treatment of Diseases at the University 
College, London, éc., Lawn House, Hanwell, Middlesex. 


Lrevtenant-Cotonen Winuiam Heyry Syzzs, M.P., F.R.S., 
_F.L.S.,F.G.S., &., 47, Albion Street, Hyde Park, London. 


SamvurEt Birca, Esea., Assistant Keeper of Antiquities, British 
Museum. 


Ausrrt Way, Esga., M.A., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British 
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the ‘‘ Comité des 
Arts et Monuments,” Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey. 


26 


MEMBERS. 


THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS. 


The Right Honourable Earl of Aylesford, Packington Hall, 
Vice-President. 

W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington. 

Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick. 

William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington. 

Henry Blenkinsop, Esq., F.R.C.S. Eng., F.R.M.C.6., 
Warwick, Hon. Curator. 

Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator. 

*Charles Holte Bracebridge, Ksq., Atherstone Hall, Vice- 
President. 

Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sher- 
bourne, Vice-President. 

The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Rowington, 
Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator. 

Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke 
and Harl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron. 

William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrook Grange, near 
Rugby. 

The Rev. Theodore John Cartwright, Preston Bagot, 
Member of Council. 

W. H. Childe, Esq., Alveston. 

P. O. Callaghan, Esq., M.A., .L.D., D.C.L. phone er 
Member of Council. 

Mrs. Lucas Caleraft, Leamington. 


27 


A. Cameron Campbell, Esq., Monzie, Scotland, and 
Leamington. 

Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick. 

The Rev. Edward Thornton Codd, M.A., Tachbrooke, 
Member of Council. 

The Rev. Berdmore Compton, M.A., Barford, Member of 
Council. 

The Rev. Thomas Cochrane, M.A., the Leycester Hospital, 
Warwick. ; 3 

Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick. 

Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth, 
Member of Council. 

Thomas B. Dale, Esq., Warwick. 

William Binley Dickinson, Esq., M.B.C.S., M.N.S., No. 5, 
Lansdowne Circus, Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

The Right Honourable J oseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord 
Dormer, Grove Park, Vice-President. 

The Lord Viscount Duncan, Vice-President. 

James Dugdale, Hsq., Wroxhall Abbey, Member of 
Council. 

John Fetherston, Jun., Esq., F.8.A., Packwood House, 

- Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator. 
Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq., Maxstoke Castle, near 
Coleshill, Vice-President. 

J. Elkington, Esq., Packwood House, Birmingham. 

Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Clifton Villa, Leam 
Terrace, Leamington, Member of Council. 

Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill. 

John Goodhall, Esq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick. 

*Edward Greaves, Hsq., Ayonside, Barford, Vice-President 


and Treasurer. 
S 


28 


Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House, Warwick, President. 

Miss Greenway, Warwick. 

Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Charles Durnford Greenway, Esq., Hon. Curator. 

The Rev. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, Leam- 
ington. 

The Rey. William Thomas Hadow, M.A., Haseley. 

Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, Lon- 
don, W.C. 

Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon. 

Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M.R.C.8., Leamington. 

The Rev. Thomas Jackson, Hatton. 

.The Rev. John Jameson, M.A., High Street, Warwick. 

The Rev. Francis Ellis Jervoise, M.A., No. 7, Euston 
Place, Leamington. 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S., Loxley House, 
Member of Council. 

Miss Kimberly, Warwick. 

John William Kirshaw, F.G.8., Warwick, Hon. Secretary 
and Hon. Curator. 

Mrs. Lamb, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh, 
F.Z.S., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President. 

George Lloyd, Esq., M.D., F.G.8., Birmingham, Vice- 
President and Hon. Curator, 

The Rev. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy. 

Major Machen, Leamington. 

Mr. Samuel Mallory, Warwick. 

Miss Moor, No. 5, Waterloo Place, Leamington. 

John Moore, Esq., Warwick. 


29 


Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., M.P., Walton, Vice-President. 

George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick. 

Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick. 

The Rev. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton: 

The Rev. EH. §t. John Parry, Principal of Leamington 
College. 

William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton. 

Arthur Wellesley Peel, Esq:, M.P., Sandy, Bedfordshire. 

Owen Pell, Esq., Leamington. 

The Rev. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.8.A., No. 9, New 
Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C. 

Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near 
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President. 

Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-President. 

George William John Repton, Esq., M.P. 

The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., No. 3, Beauchamp Terrace 
Kast, Leamington. 


George Thomas Robinson, Esq., F.G.H.S8., Leamington, 


Hon. Curator. 


- Josiah Yeomans Robins, EKsq., Myton. 


The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth, Member of 
Council. 

William Vaughan Russell, Esq., F.C.S., Leamington. 

Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street, Leam- 
ington. : 

The Honourable Colonel Scott, Bagington Hall. 

Hvelyn Philip Shirley, EHsq., F.§.A., Hatington 
Park, near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President. 

The Rev. Henry Wilmot Sitwell, M.A., Leamington 
Hastings, near Southam. 

William Smith, Esq., Warwick. 


30 


John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council. 

Henry Summerfield, Esq., Warwick. 

Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace, 
Leamington, Member of Council. 

Sir Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland, 
Faringdon, Vice-President. 

Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.8., Welford, near Strat- 
ford-on-Avon, Hon. Curator. 

The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator, 

Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.8.H., Oakfield, 
Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

William Walker, Esq., Warwick. 

James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford- 
upon-Avon. 

+George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bed- 
worth. 

The Right Honourable Robert John Barnard-Verney, Lord 
‘Willoughby de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President, 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek 
Wootton, Vice-President. 

Matthew Wise, Esq., Shrublands, Leamington. 

Sir Trevor Wheler, Bart., Leamington. 

Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby. 

The Rev. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash. 

J. Wimbridge, Esq., Warwick. 


. 


1836—1853 


1853—1866 


1836—1837 
1837—1838 
1838—1839 
1839—1840 
1840—1841 


1841—1842 
1842—1843 
1843—1844 
1844—1845 
1845—1846 
1846—1847 


1847—1848 
1848—1849 
1849—1850 
1850—1851 
1851—1852 
1852—1853 
1853—1854 
1854—1855 
1855—1856 
1856—1857 


1857—1858 
1858—1859 
1859—1860 
1860—1861 
1861—1862 
1862—1863 
1863—1864 
1864—1865 
1865—I866 


31 


ist of Patrons and Presidents, 
From 1836 to 1866. 


PATRONS. 


THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY RICHARD GREVILLE; 
EARL BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK, K.T., LL.D. 
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, EARL 

BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK, 


PRESIDENTS. 


CHANDOS LEIGH, ESQ., F.H.S, 

SIR JOHN MORDAUNT, BART., M.P. 

SIR JOHN EARDLEY EARDLEY WILMOT, BART,, M.P., F.R.S, 

WILLIAM HOLBECHE, ESQ,, F.G.S. 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, LORD 
BROOKE 

CHARLES HOLTE BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ. 

WILLIAM STAUNTON, ESQ, 

SIR FRANCIS LAWLEY, BART., F.HLS., F.Z.S, 

SIR GRAY SKIPWITH, BART. 

SIR JOHN ROBERT CAVE BROWNE CAVE, BART. 

THE MOST HONOURABLE" SPENCER JOSHUA ALWYNE COMP. 
TON, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON, D.C.L., PRESIDENT 
RS., F.S.A., Hon. M.B.LA,, F.G.S, 

EVELYN JOHN SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P. 

THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH 

SIR THEOPHILUS BIDDULPH, BART. 

CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ. 

MARK PHILIPS, ESQ. 

HENRY CHRISTOPHER WISE, ESQ. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

WALTER HENRY BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ. 

CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ, 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH, LORD 
LEIGH, F.Z.S. 

EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P., F.S.A. 

THE REV. VAUGHAN THOMAS, B.D. 

SIR GEORGE RICHARD PHILIPS, BART. 

EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P. 

EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ,, M.P. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ. 

RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ. 


32 


The Meetings of the Council are held Monthly, on the 
First Tuesday in the Month, at Half-past One o’Clock. 


The Museum is open daily from Eleven o'clock to Five 
between the First of March and the Thirty-first of October, 
and from Eleven o’clock to Four between the First of 
November and the last day of February. 


The Annual Subscriptions for 1865 are due on the 
24th day of May; and the Council urgently request 
that the Subscribers will cause them to be paid to the 
Treasurer, at the Bank of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and 
Greenways, Warwick; or to Mr. William Delatour 
Blackwell, the Collector of Subscriptions, Leicester 
Street, Leamington. 


PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK. 


WARWICKSHIRE 


NATURAL HISTORY 


AND 


¢ 


oe | 
Archxological Society. 
| 


THIRTIETH ANNUAL REPORT, 


PERRY, PRINTER, NEW STREET & OLD SQUARE. 


WARWICKSHIRE 


NATURAL HISTORY 


ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 


ESTABLISHED MAY 241n, 1836. 
¥ 


THIRTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 


OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS, 
READ AT THE 


ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 6th, 1866, 


Tx Council, in presenting their annual report to the 
members, congratulate them on the continued prosperity 
of the Society. 


Numerous and valuable additions have been made to 
the Museum and Library, by donation and purchase, 
during the past year. 


1 The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arranging 
F a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and some 
____ of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small but 
judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when 
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon 
make the entire Geological collection most valuable and 
instructive, and one of the best out of London. At present 
4 the collections of Natural History and Geology form a 
good educational medium for all classes, and it is of the 
‘ utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency. 


2 


The Council record with pleasure a visit paid to the 
Museum by Professor Owen, who expressed a high opinion 
of its general arrangement and the importance and value 
of its contents. 


In September last, a large party of members of the 
British Association visited the Museum, and the Geological 
collection was briefly described to them by thé Rev. 
P. B. Brodie. 


Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is 
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the 
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be 
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than 
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a 
collection properly, and for the same reason it is much 
less profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes 
of general instruction. 


Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, 
there are several formations which are still very defective, 
amongst wnich may be enumerated the following:— 
The Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, 
Sconce, Headon hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. 
London Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and 
Lower Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonion and Lower 
Silurian will be very acceptable. The aid of the members 
is particularly requested in procuring fossils from the 
County, especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permain, 
as it should be the chief aim of all local Museums to have 
as finea suite as possible from the strata which occur in 
the immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire 
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out. 


—— 


3 


BRITISH MAMMALIA. 


Although no addition has been made to the British 
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the 
collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assis- 
tance in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which 
migrate, and which therefore in some species can only be 
obtained as stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and 
though some are rarer than others, all may be obtained 
with tolerable certainty, by those residing in such parts 
of the Country as they are known to inhabit. With the 
exception of the marine species, such as the Whales and 
Porpoises, there are none which might not take their place 
in our collection of British fere. We have already some 
of the largest of the land animals, as the Red Deer and 
Roebuck, both presented by Edward Greaves, Esq. A 
mounted specimen of the Fallow Deer, and of the two 


_ kinds of Martin, i.c., the yellow breasted, and the white 


breasted Martin, would go far towards the completion of 
the collection of the terrestrial Mammalia of Great Britain. 
We earnestly hope that some friends to this Institution will 
kindly furnish one or other of these desiderata. Of the 
smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and Bats, a few kinds 
are wanting, but these the Curators believe that they 
shall before long be able to supply. 


ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION. 


In our report for 1865 we unaccountably omitted to 
advert to the re-arrangement of the collection of birds, 
which took place when the repairs of the Museum were 
brought to a close. The room containing the collection 
underwent a thorough cleaning, and the specimens were 


4 


_ taken out, examined, carefully cleaned, and returned to 
the cases. The windows of the rooms, the approaches to 
which were awkwardly blocked up with cases, were relieved 
of their obstructions, the specimens which were in these 
cases, being transported to their proper places in the series 
to which they respectively belonged. 


But the most important ¢hange which has been made in 
this department, is the separation of the British from the 
Exotic species. In nearly all the extensive Natural 
History Museums in Europe the native species are now 
fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately been 
the case in our National Museum, and whereas the 
observer had before this change to seek laboriously through 
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated 
specimens which had formed the collection of some 
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel 
Montague,—he may now see them all placed side by side 
in the gallery devoted to British Zoology. And with them 
he may also see ranged the gems from the collection of the 
late Mr. Yarrell. The advantage of such an arrangement 
is obvious. . 


When the Archeological Institute held its meeting 
at Warwick, the Bishop of Oxford, a good Ornithologist, 
and the possessor of a collection of the birds of the 
eastern Counties of England, paid a visit to our museum, 
and was much pleased to see the British Birds placed 
by themselves. He observed, with great truth, ‘‘you 
cannot vie with the larger Museums in a general 
collection, but you may eacel them if you confine your- 
selves to a purely local collection.”” Fully agreeing with 


5 


this opinion, the Hon. Ourators, while enlarging the 
collection of British Birds, propose to do so, as much 
as possible, by means of specimens obtained in Warwick- 
shire, or the contiguous Counties. They offer these 
remarks in the hope that the friends of the Institution, 
will assist them in carrying out their views, by the donation 
of some of the species forming the following list of 
desiderata :— 
Order 1. Accipitres, Linn. 


Egyptian Vulture, .. .. ..Neophron Percnopterus, (Linn.) 
Griffon Vulture, .. ... ..Gyps fulvus, (Gmel.) 
Rough-legged Buzzard, .. ..Archibuteo Lagopus, (Briin.) 
Spotted Eagle, .. .. °.. ..Aquila navia, (Gmel.) Mey. 
Jer-falcon,.. ...-. +. +-KFalco Gyrfalco, Linn. 


Red-footed Falcon, .. .. .. Ee etd vespertinus, (Linn.) 
Swallow-tailed Kite, . .. .-Nauclerus furcatus, (Linn.) Vigors. 
Goshawk, .. . geen aaa FA) palumbarius, (Linn.) Bechst. 
Montagu’s Harrier, . «. «. «Circus cinerascens, (Mont.) 

Hawk Owl,.. .. .Surnia ulula, (Linn.) Bonap 

a Owl, [British ‘specimen, ] Nyctea nivea, (Thunb.) 

Little Owl, - +-Athene noctua, (Retz.) 


Great pared. Owl, " [female,] 2  Bubo maximus, Sibb. 
Tengmalm’s aly: ..Nyctale Tengmalmi, (Gmel.) Strickl. 


Order 2. Passeres, Cuv. 
Alpine Swift, .. .... ..Cypselus Melba, (Linn.) 


ller,.. . ..Coracias garrula, Linn. 
Bee-eater, [British specimen, ]. .Merops Apiaster, Linn. 
Dartford Warbler, .. . Sylvia undata, (Bodd.) 


Garden Warbler, [female, .. Sylvia hortensis, (Penn.) 
Fire-crested Regulus, .. ..Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm. 
Plain-crowned Kinglet, .. ..Regulus proregulus, (Pall.) 
Black Redstart, [Brit.epecimen] Buticilla tithys, (Scop.) 
Blue-throated Warbler, ..  ..Cyanecula suecica, (Linn.) 
Alpine Accentor, .. ..  :Accentor alpinus, (Gmel.) Bechst. 
Crested Tit, we ee ee) es Parus cristatus, Linn. : 
White Wagtail . ..  »+-Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.] 
52 see Wagtail, .. ..Motacilla flava, Linn. 
Rock Pipit,.. .. ... ..  ..Anthus spinoletta, (Linn). 
Richard’s Pipit,.. .. ..  ..Anthus Richardi, (Vieill.) 
White's Thrush, -. «. «-DLurdus varius, Horsf. 

, Rock Thrush, .. .. .. ..Turdus saxatilis, Linn. 

A Golden Oriole, .. ..  . ..-Oriolus Galbula, Linn. 

Gold-yented Thrush, ..  ..Pycnonotus aurigaster, (Vieill.) 


6 


GyreatAsh-colouredShrike,[fem]Lanius Excubitor, Linn. 


Woodchat Shrike, 
Nutcracker, 


. -Enneoctonus refus, (Briss. 
. Nucifraga caryocatactes, (Linn.) Briss. 


Rose- colouredOuzel, (Brit. “spec.] ] Pastor roseus, (Linn.) Temm. 


Red-winged Starling, 
Mountain Linnet, 

Cirl Bunting, of 
Ortolan Bunting, .. 
Lapland Bunting, .. 
Short-toed Lark, .. 
Crested Lark, .. .. 
Shore Lark, .. 
Parrot Cross- bill r 
White-winged Cross- bill, . 


Order 3. 


American Cuckoo, .. 
Great spotted Cuckoo, 


Order 4. 


Rock Dove,.. 
Passenger Pigeon, 


.. Agelaius pheniceus, (Linn.) Vieill. 
..Fringilla flavirostris, Linn. 
..Emberiza Cirlus, Linn. 

..Emberiza hortulana, Linn. 
..Plectrophanes lapponicus, (Linn.) Selb. 
--Alauda brachydactyla, Temm. 

. Alauda cristata, Linn. 

..Otocoris alpestris, (Linn.) 

..Lowia pityopsittacus, Bechst. 

. .Loxia leucoptera, Gmel. 


Scansores, Ill, 


.-Coccyzus americanus, (Linn.) 
.-Oxylophus glandarius. (Linn.) 


Columba, Lath. 


. Columba Livia, Briss. 
..Ectopistes migratorius, (Linn.) Swains. 


Order 5. Gallina, Linn, 


Barbary Partridge, .. 
Andalusian Hemipode, 
Virginian Colin, 


Order 6, 


Great Bustard, .. 
Little Bustard, .. 


..Caccabis petrosa, (Lath.) 
.. Turniz gibraltaricus, (Gmel.) Gould. 
. Ortyx virginianus, (Linn.) Gray. 


Struthiones, Lath. 


.. Otis tarda, Linn. 
. Otis tetrax, Linn. 


Order 7. Gralla, Linn, 


Great Plover, A 
Cream-coloured ape eae = 
Kentish Plover,. 

Crane,.. . 

Great White Heron,.. - 
Egret, [British <r aae 
Squacco Heron,.. .. 
Buff-backed Heron, We 
American Bittern, 
Spoon-bill,.. .. .. «. 
White Stork, .. .. .. 


..CGidienemus crepitans, Temm. 
..Cursorius gallicus, (Gmel.) 

.. Charadrius cantianus, Lath. 
..Grus cinerea, Bechst. 

.. Ardea alba, Gmel. 

. Ardea Garzetta, Linn. 


.. Ardea comata, Pall. 


.. Ardea coromanda, Bodd. 


.-Botaurus lentiginosus, Mont. 
.-Platalea leucorodia, Linn. 
«.Ciconia alba, Briss. 


7 


Black Stork, .. .. .. ..Ciconia nigra, Bechst. 

Spotted Redshank, .. .. ..Totanus stagnalis, Bechst. 

Wood Sandpiper, .. .. ..TZotanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm: 
Avocet, n¢ .. ..Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn. 

Black- winged Stilt, os. «+ «+Himantopus candidus, Bonn. 
Buff-breasted Sandpiper, . «.Dringa refescens, Vieill. 

Broad-billed Sandpiper, .. ..Tringa platyrhyncha, Temmi. 
Schinz’s Sandpiper,.. .. ..Tringa Schinzii, Brehm. 

Pectoral Sandpiper,.. .. «.Tringa pectoralis, Say. 

Brown Snipe, - «- +Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach. 
Sabine’s Snipe, .. +» «-Gallinago Sabini, (Vigors.) 
Red-necked Phalarope, ..  «.Phalaropus hyperboreus, (Linn.) Cuvier. 
Baillon’s Crake,.. .«. .. ..Ortygometra pygmea, (Naum.) 

Little Crake, .. .. «. ..Ortygometra minuta, (Pall.) 


Order 8. Anseres, Linn, 


Spur-winged Goose, .. 
Common Wild Goose, 
White-fronted Goose, 


.-Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph. 
-Anser ferus, Gesn. 

--Anser erythropus, (Linn.) Flem. 
Pink-footed Goose, .. .-Anser brachyrhynchus, Baill. 
Bernicle Goose,.. .-Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) Steph. 
Red-breasted Goose,.. .. ..Bernicta rujicollis, (Pall.) Steph. 
Polish Swan, .. .. .. «.Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrel. 
Whistling Swan, .. .. ..Cygnus ferus, Ray. 

Bewick’s Swan, ss ee «Cygnus minor, Pall. 

American Swan, +» «. «Cygnus americanus, Sharpless. 
Ruddy Shieldrake, .. .. ..Casarka rutila, (Pall.) 

American Wigeon, -Mareca americana, (Gmel.) Steph. 


oe 8 © @ 
' 2« © © © 


Bimaculated Duck, +.  «+Querquedula bimaculata, (Penn.) 
Gadwall, .. --Chaulelasmus strepera, (Linn.) 
Red-crested Whistling Duck, .-Branta rujina, (Pall.) Boie. 

Scaup Pochard,.. .. .-Fuligula Marila, (Linn.) Steph. 
Ferruginous Duck, ++ «. «.Nyroca leucophthalma, (Bechst.) Flem. 


Harlequin Garrot, .. .. ..Clangula histrionica, (Linn.) Steph. 
Long-tailed Hareld,.. .. ..Harelda glacialis, (Linn.) Leach. 
Steller’s Western Duck .. ..Eniconetta Stelleri, (Pall.) 

King Duck, .. .. .. ..Somateria spectabilis, (Linn.) Steph. 
Surf Scoter, se e+ as «4. Oidemia perspicillata, (Linn. Steph 
Red-breasted. Merganser,. - . . Mergus Serrator, Linn. 


Hooded Merganser,.. .. ..Mergus cucullatus, Cima | 7, 
Red-necked Grebe, .. ..  ..Podiceps grisegena, (Bodd.) Lath. 
Sclavonian Grebe, .. .. - -Podiceps cornutus, (Gmel.) Lath. 


Great Auk,.. .. .. .. ..Alca impennis, Linn: 

Manx Shearwater, .. .. . . . Pufiinus Anglorum, Ray. 

Cinereous Shearwater, .. ..Puffimus cinereus, Gmel. 

Wilson’s Petrel,.. .. .. ..Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl. 
Fork-tailed Petrel, .. .. ..Thalassidroma Leachii, (Temm.) 
Bulwer’s Petrel, -. «. «-Dhalassidroma Bulweri, (J. & S.) Gould. 


8 


Buffon’s Skua, .. .. «+ «.-Stercorarius cephus, (Briint.) 
Common Skua,.. ..° ..  ~.Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn. 
Glaucous Gull, .. - Larus glaucus, Briin. 

Teeland Gull, - Larus leueopterus, Faber. 


. 


Little Gull,.. ..  «. .. «Larus minutus, Pall. 

Sabine’s Gull, .. .. «. ..Xema Sabini, Leach. 

Ivory Gull,.. .. «. +. .-Pagophila ebuwrnea, (Gmel.) Kaup. 
Caspian Tern, .. .. .. ..Sterna caspia, Pall. 

Gull-billed Tern, .. .. ..Sterna anglica, Mont. 

Sandwich Tern,.. .. .. «-Strena cantiaca, Gmel. 


Roseate Tern, .. .. .. ..Strena paradisea, Briin. 
White-winged Black Tern, ..Hydrochelidon nigra, (Linn.) 
Black Noddy, .. .. -- «+And6us stolidus, (Linn.) Catesby. 


The Shells, which are a large and valuable series, 
require some attention, as many of them have become 
displaced, and want, in many instances, re-naming. 
Sir David Barclay has kindly promised to put the whole 
in better order, and add desiderata from his own fine 
collection. A series of the land and freshwater Shells of 
Warwickshire would be an important addition. 


The Accounts have been audited, and the General 
Financial Statement from March 25th, 1865, to March 
24th, 1866, is appended to this report. 


The Museum, now containing a valuable and well- 
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and 
Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not 
extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is 
highly creditable to the Town and County of Warwick, 
and deserves a much greater amount of support than it 
has of late years received. An excellent foundation has 
been laid, but much more might be effected if adequate 
means were placed at the disposal of the Council. 


9 


Owing to the losses, by death, of several subscribers 
during the past year, and the small. number of additional 
members, the funds of the Society are in a less 
satisfactory condition than could be desired. A reference 
to the list of subscribers will show that only a few of the 
rich and influential people in the County belong to the 
Society, and if the members would solicit annual sub- 
scriptions from their friends and neighbours, it is probable 
that a considerable addition would be made to the funds 
of the Society before the end of the present year. 


The Council have much pleasure in stating that the 
upper room has now been enlarged and otherwise improved, 
giving thereby increased accommodation for specimens, 
so much needed, and will enable them to make many 
additions and important alterations which the crowded 
state of the rooms rendered essential. 


10 


After the business of the Meeting, Dr. O'Callaghan, 
D.C.L., F.S.A., exhibited and described several rare 
Autograph Letters and Illustrative Portraits of local 
interest. 


The following paper on the Geology of Warwick, 
Leamington and its neighbourhood, was read by the 
Rey. P. B. Brodie, M.A., F.G.S. 


The points of geological interest within a limited distance of the 
towns of Warwick and Leamington, say from 12 to 14 {miles though 
not so yaried and important as they are in many other places, are 
still deserving of attention. Within this area three formations are 
present in descending order: First, the drift Gravels; secondly, the 
Lias; thirdly, the New red Sandstone; fourthly, the Permian. The 
Grayels are widely spread over the country, and in this district belong 
to two distinct divisions, of different age, the high level and low level 
drifts. The former consists of large boulders and pebbles of various 
rocks of all ages, brought from many different quarters, partly on ice, 
which is clearly proved by many interesting facts lately brought for- 
ward by Professor Ramsay and other geologists who have studied the 
subject, a very large proportion being derived from the north, not only 
of England but of Europe. Most of the rocks are what is termed 
metamorphic, from which all traces of organic life have been removed, 
but occasionally fossiliferous rocks are met with.* This is called the 
northern or glacial drift, and represents a period of great cold, when a 
large portion of this island was submerged, and the land itself covered 
with snow and glaciers. Of more recent date are the finer Grayels 
occupying the valley of the Avon, and may be noticed at many spots 
in this district. These consist of small pebbles, often of local origin, 
and fine sand of considerable thickness, with loam in irregular patches. 
It is from these Gravels that remains of extinct and gigantic 
mammalia have been obtained; and when the Jephson gardens were 
being made, many fine bones of elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, 
and other animals were discovered. In the Warwick Museum there is 
a fine jaw of rhinoceros (tichorhinus) from similar beds near Rugby. 
Entire elephants have sometimes been found, and in some spots they 
are exceedingly abundant. Fresh water shells of recent species are 
often associated with them. At present no flint implements have been 
noticed in the drift in this neighbourhood, but they should be carefully 
searched for, since it is desirable to note every spot where they occur 
associated with the extinct mammalia. At Mancetter flint implements 
are recorded by Dugdale. The Lias, of course, belongs to a formation 
of much older date than these post Pliocene deposits, but as it is the 


* See a Paper, read by the Author, at the Meeting of the British Association, in 
Birmingham, in September last, 


— 


a it 


11 


next in the order of succession in this neighbourhood it has next to 
be considered. The Liasis divided into upper, middle, and lower. 
The first of these only appears at a few places in the county, chiefly 
near Avon Dassett and Banbury; and is there of very limited extent 
and thickness compared with the same stratum in other parts of Eng- 
land. In Warwickshire it consists of beds of blue clay and shale, with 
the usual characteristic fossils. There is evidence to show that it 
formerly occupied a much larger area, and probably capped the Edge- 
hills, The middle Lias holds a more important position, and forms 
the highest range of hills in this immediate neighbourhood, as the 
Edgehills, Avon Dassett, and towards Shipston. These are mainly 
composed of hard blue and grey calcareous stone termed marlstone, 
which, from its superior hardness and agreeable colour, makes an 
excellent stone for building and other purposes, and the more so, as it 
contains very few fossils, which is rather singular considering their 
profusion in this division of the Lias elsewhere. Below this are 
numerous beds of clay and limestone, more or less fossiliferous, which 
are, however, rarely exposed, but good sections may be seen on the 
G. W. Railway at Fenny Compton, and in the clay-pits adjacent. 
These divisions of the Lias are confined to the district which lies south 
and south-east of Warwick and Leamington. These beds are succeeded 
by a series of shales and limestones of considerable extent and 
thickness, and of much lithological and economic importance. Some 
fine sections may be seen in the railway cutting at Harbury, and in 
Messrs. Greaves and Kirshaw’s extensive quarries at Harbury and 
Stockton. These strata are termed the lima beds, from the great 
abundance of a large bivalve shell, lima gigantea. These are suc- 
ceeded by the ‘insect and saurian’ beds, so named from the abundance 
of insects and the two great sea lizards, so characteristic of the Lias 
icthyosaurus and plesiosaurus; though these saurians do not distinguish 
this zone so well as the insects; but these are only represented by a 
very thin band at Harbury, though more largely developed at 
Wilmcote. There we have a lower series of limestones and shales of 
much finer texture, and marked by a somewhat different set of fossils. 
Fine sections of these beds are exposed at Wilmcote, Binton, and 
Grafton. Much of the stone might be profitably used for lithographic 
purposes, and is now extensively employed for paving and flooring, 
and in making Roman cement, at the works of Messrs. Greaves and 
Kirshaw, at Wilmcote. Underneath the insect beds a still more 
distinctive and peculiar series of strata come in, consisting of coarse, 
hard-grained limestones, grits, and sandstones, divided by clay, 
yielding some peculiar fossils, one stratum being made up of rude 
bones and teeth of fish and saurians, hence named the “ bone bed,” 
but this is but very poorly represented in this county, though traces 
of it may be noted at Binton, and in a singular liassic outlier at 
Knowle. These lowest beds of the Lias are also exposed in another 
remarkable outlier at Brown’s Wood, near Wootton Wawen, but the 
sections are much obscured, the quarries being now entirely closed. 
One of the limestones overlying these strata referred to above, and 
which crops out in places below the ‘lima and saurian or insect beds,’ 
deserves especial notice from its remarkable mineralogical structure 


12 


and development in Warwickshire. It is a hard white limestone called 
on this account “ white lias” the surface being much water worn and 
eroded, and containing a large quantity of iron. It immediately 
underlies the “lima beds” at Harbury, where it rises to the surface 
and occupies a considerable area in several parts of the county, 
especially near Rugby, at Long Itchington, Newbold, Whitnash, and 
is seen in many quarries south and east of Stratford. It may just be 
mentioned that owing to the recent researches in these lowest beds of 
the Lias,it is proposed to separate them altogether from that formation 
and to place them with the upper division of the New red Sandstone 
under the title of ‘Rhcetic beds.’ This refers specially to the series 
below the ‘insect beds, and on the whole they contain a peculiar 
and distinctive suite of organic remains, most of which are 
more nearly related to the Trias, or New red Sandstone, than the Lias 
hence the separation. The white Lias is much more largely developed 
in Warwickshire and Somersetshire, and is very poorly represented in 
Gloucestershire; where, however, the lower division is much more 
extended. A few words must be added on the fossils of the Lias 
generally. These are on the whole largely distributed through the 
whole of the strata referred to, and none of them are entirely without 
some traces of life. They consist mainly of marine shells and a few 
corals, all of extinct species, and for the most part distinct from the 
superior and inferior formations. A great variety of fish have also 
been met with, often beautifully preserved and a few crustacea, some 
of which resemble the recent cray fish, but the most remarkable of all 
the relics of the ancient world of this period are the large enalio-saurians 
which, from their anatomical structure and habits, were the most 
formidable and predaceous monsters of the deep. There is, perhaps, 
no geological period more prolific in the remains of these animals than 
the Lias, and though other and similar reptiles occur in other forma- 
tions, with the exception of the Wealden, we have some justification 
in calling this the age of reptiles. The Wealden is a much later de- 
posit than the Lias, and the gigantic lizards which characterized it are 
terrestrial. Although a particular portion of the Lias is marked by the 
more frequent presence of saurians, they occur in greater or less 
abundance throughout the whole of it. Itis chiefly from these lower 
beds, in which they are most prevalent that numerous and varied 
remains of insects have been discovered, especially in the quarries at 
Wilmcote, Binton, and Grafton, in this county. These and a few 
traces of land plants, such as ferns and drift wood, are the only evi- 
dence we have of the inhabitants of the earth at this epoch. Scanty 
enough, but of special interest, because it proves that the land had its 
inhabitants as well the sea, and though we have at present only a partial 
and imperfect record of the ancient world, we may conclude that insects 
and plants were not the only forms of life with which it was clothed, 
and some day a much more extensive fauna and flora may be found. 
The insects though unusually fragmentary are sometimes found entire, 
especially the coleoptera, but generally they consist of detached wings, . 
beautifully preserved, amongst which the libellulide predominate. 
We may assume that they were carried with the plants by a large river 
into the sea, and deposited in the mud of the Lias at no great distance 


13 


from the shore. The total thickness of the Lias in Gloucestershire, 
where it is largely developed, is 1,600 feet, but probably it does not 
attain this in Warwickshire, as the upper Lias is much reduced in bulk 
and the other portions are feebly represented. We now come to the 
next succeeding formation, the New red Sandstone which underlies the 
jias, and is usually conformable to it. It is divided into upper and 
lower Keuper, composed of alternations of red and green marls, with 
included beds of soft and hard sandstones of variable thickness, but 
occupying a large area in this county, of this the marls fill the largest 
space, the upper Keuper sandstone running irregularly in patches, 
haying been much denuded. It was formerly quarried at Shrewley 
Common, four miles N.W. of Warwick, and sections are still exposed 
there on the Grand Junction Canal, and at Rowington and Preston 
Bagot. The lowest bed of sandstone is a strong, compact rock, well 
adapted for building purposes, and it is much to be regretted that it is 
not still so employed. The upper Keuper oecupies the whole of the 
high table land from Hatton to Birmingham, on thenorth-west. The 
lower keuper, like the upper division, consists of beds of soft and hard 
sandstone, rather different in lithological structure, but some parts 
form a good building stone. The town of Warwick is built upon it, 
and sections may be seen at Coten End, Guy’s Cliff, Myton, and 
Cubbington. It is a thick bedded sandstone, often traversed by lines 
of false bedding. Part of Leamington stands upon it, and is exposed 
in an old quarry at the North-Western Station. A considerable mass 
of red marl separates the upper from the lower sandstones, which may 
be observed beneath the bottom rock at the canal, Shrewley. The 
denudations at Rowington are well marked by lines of’ denudation 
and undulations which vary the otherwise monotonous scenery 
of thé neighbourhood; and towards Claverdon and Bearley the 
couutry is picturesque, and commands some extensive views over the 
plains of red marl and lower lias to the more distant Cotswolds. No 
doubt the sandstone was much more extended, fillmg up many of the 
little valleys from which it has been entirely removed with much of the 
underlying red marls. As a general rule this formation is barren of 
organic remains, those which have been met with occurring in the sand- 
stone and green marls, none having been found here in the red marls, 
the superabundance of red proxide of iron being generally supposed to 
inimical to the existence of animal life. No marine shells (with one 
doubtful exception) are known to occur in it; and only two entire fish, 
both of which were discovered at Rowington, but abundant remains of 
sharks have been found in a soft white friable sandstone in the upper 
Keuper at Shrewley, and otherjparts of England where the same for- 
mation is met with. These consist of dorsal spines, small grinding 
palatel teeth of two distinct gerena, cutting teeth, and shagreen or 
skin of some cestraciont. One of the fish was obtained from the 
bottom bed at Shrewley, and though of small size, is remarkable for 
the strong defensive armour with which it is covered, like the enamelled 
plates of the Pterichthys, &c., of the Old red Sandstone, forming a pro- 
tection against the predatory sharks contemporary withit. The green 
marls contain abundantly, as well as the sandstones, a small bivalved 
erustacean ‘estheria minuta.’ But the most remarkable fossils which 


14 


distinguish both the upper and lower keuper, are the labyrinthodont 
reptiles, of singular uncouth form and anatomical structure, most 
nearly allied to the recent aquatic salamander. In the upper Keuper, 
the only evidence afforded of their existence are the impressions of 
their footsteps as they crawled over the mud of the Triassic sea. These 
are plentiful at Shrewley; and a much larger footprint was discovered 
near Preston Bagot. These belong to three genera, Labryinthodon, 
Cheirotherium, and Rhynchosaurus. But in the lower division, many 
remains of these singular reptiles have been met with, belonging to 
several genera, chiefly from Coten-end, Leamington, and Cubbington. 
These consist of various jaws with teeth, single teeth, vertebrae and other 
bones, especially cranial bones, but no entire skeleton has yet been 
procured in the new red sandstone in this country. These 
remains indicate animals of no very gigantic proportions, though 
the large footprints do; and in Germany an entire cranium was 
found, which must have belonged to a salamandroid reptile 


of enormous dimensions. If the footsteps which were lately - 


obtained from a quarry at Emscote belong to the lower Keuper, 
this is the first instance I believe of their occurrence in that division ; 
though, considering the frequent traces of their skeletons, none of 
which, or very rarely, have been met with in the upper, it is rather 
singular that they should not have been found before. In some of the 
sandstones and pure marly beds in the upper Keuper, fragmentary 
and very imperfect remains of plants occur both in Warwickshire and 
Worcestershire, the only evidence we haye of the existence of land 
during this epoch. In Germany, however, there is a large flora, and 
much better preseryed. It is supposed that the sea in which the New 
red Sandstone was deposited, formed a vast inland lake, like the Cas- 
pian of the present day; still, the absence of shells and the scarcity 
of fish, and indeed of fossils generally, is not so easily accounted for. 
This formation is of great economic importance, from the quantities of 
salt and gypsum which are obtained from it. In England it attains a 
thickness of 2,500 feet, though not reaching that amount probably in 
Warwickshire. The red Sandstones of Coventry and Kenilworth have 
been assigned to the Permain, a formation which succeeds the 
Triassic, and contains a much richer store of the animal life of the 
period, and very distinct from those which mark the previous one. 
In Warwickshire it consists of thick bedded red Sandstones, which 
are well seen in the extensive quarries at Kenilworth, Meriden, and 
near Coventry, and are much used for building. It occupies a con- 
_ siderable area in this part of the county, but less than the Triassic 
system. In lowering the road at Allesley some years ago, many 
broken trunks of large trees were found in the sandstone, evidently 
the remnant of an ancient forest, which must have flourished there 
when the rock formed the dry land, and was afterwards suddenly 
submerged. The grayel pits in the neighbourhood are full of frag- 
ments of this wood, and it is from this source that the pieces of wood 
belonging to the conifers are derived, which abound in the gravel at 
Warwick, and also in the glacial drift described at the beginning of 
this paper. At Exhall some bivalve shells were found, and a large 
calamite, but the pit is unfortunately closed: At Coventry, a large 


15 


jaw of labyrinthodon was obtained; and a fine cranium of another, 
—the largest known in England, at Kenilworth: Some singular plants 
of large size, which are new, are found in the same sandstone at 
Meriden. ‘There is a curious conglomerate in the Kenilworth quarries 
which contains marine shells, and deserves a careful examination. 


In concluding my remarks on the Geology of the District within a 
limited distance of Warwick and Leamington, I would draw attention 
to the fine collection of Triassic fossils, the finest in the kingdom, in 
the Warwick Museum, which also contains the jaw and head of the 
labyrinthodon, above referred to, from the Permain. The suite of 
Lias fossils is also very extensive, and includes some fine saurians, 
especially a large and entire plesiosaurus, and fish from the quarries 
at Wilmcote. 


Mr. R. F. Tomes then read a Paper descriptive of 
Milcote, and other ancient Burying Places, around 
Stratford-on-Avon. 


Milcote, of which I am about to speak, is situated in this county, 
two miles west of Stratford-on-Avon, and near the confluence of the 
Avon and Stour. The ancient burying-place, the explorations in 
which have afforded so much speculation amongst those interested 
in Archeological researches, is within a few yards of the latter river, 
on its south bank, and a few yards only from the house of my relation, 
Mr. J. C, Adkins, whose name has already appeared in connection 
with this remarkable sepulchre. In some of the printed communications 
which have appeared from the pens of those who have visited the spot, 
it has been stated that Mr. Adkins estimates the number of skeletons 
interred there, to be fully 3,000. This estimate has been made in the 
following manner :—Holes having been sunk at various times for posts, 
or for planting purposes, the area occupied by the skeletons was 
ascertained, and afterwards when the soil was removed from that 
portion which is represented in the photograph,* the skeletons lying 
there were counted, and by this means a tolerably correct idea was 
formed of the number lying within the whole area. Mr. Bakewell, 
writing in the Atheneum, after seeing some of the skeletons taken out, 
suggested that they may have been buried in trenches, and that they 
are not lying continously over the whole area. As far however as is 
at present known, they are thickly and as evenly packed over fully an 
acre of land as they are represented to be in the photogragh now on 
the table. Previously to the exposure there represented, the men who 
were engaged in obtaining gravel, merely uncovered just so many 
skeletons at a time as was necessary for their work, but in this manner 
a much greater space was gone over before the discovery became public 
than afterwards, and the skeletons were equally thickly placed. All 
evidence goes to show that they were principally the bodies of adult 
men. I have now seen more than sixty taken out, and of these three 


* Photograph in the Museum. 


16 


were obviously aged, and two only gave indications of youth, whilst 
in one the wisdom teeth were only just appearing, though all the 
other teeth were considerably worn with use. For the most part the 
sets of teeth are as perfect as they commonly are in people at the 
middle time of life, say from 30 to 50. I mention this particularly 
because a contrary opinion has been expressed by Mr. Chapman, of 
Oxford, who having seen rather more than a dozen skeletons taken 
out, found that full one-third were either those of aged or immature 
persons, one being a child not exceeding seven years old, and haying 
few or none of the permanent teeth. However, Mr. Chapman has now 
seen ample grounds for coming to my opinion, viz., what I have before 
stated, that they are almost entirely the skeletons of men in the prime 
of life. I am not aware that a female skeleton has yet been certainly 
identified. +Without a single exception they are placed east and west, 
some of them with the hands crossed over the abdomen, and in others 
lying by their sides, the heads in some being raised, whilst in others they 
are lying easily on one side. Every evidence tends to show that they 
were all buried at one time, and immediately after death. In some 
places they lie one upon another, but in others they form but one 
layer not more than one foot to a foot and a half from the surface. 


Searcely a mile from Mileote, on the other side of the Avon, and 
immediately opposite the unior of the Avon and Stour, rises a hill 
called Bardon Hill, and westward of the hill is a farm house called, in 
the days of Dugdale, and to present time, ‘“Dodwell.” I read in the 
Gentleman's Magazine for 1794, vol. iv. p. 505, the following notice:— 
“In the old enclosure belonging to Dodwell, in 1777. in digging for 
limestone, six human skeletons were discovered, but neither weapon 
nor any other appendage.” As a geologist, I know Dodwell pretty 
well, and have no doubt but that the quarry alluded to was on a spur 
of the hill mentioned above, towards the west, and only a little 
distance from the Stratford and Evesham road. I am the more 
confirmed in this supposition by the discovery, only five or six years 
ago, of several human skeletons on the south foot of the same hill, 
and immediately by the side of the same road. These skeletons, as 
I learn from good authority, were carefully laid east and west, and 
about a foot and a half from the surface. Nothing was found with 
them. 


Following the Avon for a few miles in its downward course, we reach 
the village of Binton, described by Dugdale as situated on the brow of 
a hill. It rather occupies a hollow running into the hill, and partially 
detaching a part of it, which forms a kind of promotory. At the foot 
of this promotory, in lowering a garden in 1860 or 1861, several 
human skeletons were found, some of which I saw taken out. They 
were all lying east and west, as correctly east and west as the church. 
is placed, which being only on the other side of the village street, was 
fully in sight when the bones were removed. All of these were about 
a foot and a half from the surface, and, with one exception, were in a 
flat position on their backs. One only of those I saw was doubled up, 
as if put into a hole which was too short, so that the whole of his back 


17 


was bent, the chin brought forward on the bosom, and the knees 
raised. There gould be no reasonable doubt that this individual had 
been buried immediately after death. There was one thing in connec- 
tion with this skeleton which requires especial notice, viz., that the 
skull was fractured, and one side of the lower jaw completely smashed 
in, in such a manner that the mouth was full of detached teeth aud 
splinters of bone.. From the somewhat curved or twisted form of these 
splinters, I was led to conclude that they had been broken up when 
the bone was tough, before it had lost its animal matter—in a word 
at the time of death, and that the injury was the cause of death. 
There is no reason however to suppose that this skeleton was interred 
at a different time to the others, with which it was associated. 


At the other extremity of the village several other skeletons were 
dug out about ten years ago by some quarrymen. Of these I know 
nothing, save that, like all the others, they were placed east and west, 
a little more than a foot from the surface, and were unaccompanied 
by weapons, coins, or pottery. 

_ _ I wish now to call your attention to a notice in the Gentleman’s 

Magazine, in the same volume to which I have before alluded, and 
forming part of the same communication. Speaking of Welcombe the 
writer says, “On the highest eminence which has traditionally the 
name of Castle Hill, on the 12th of Feb., 1792, as some labourers 
were digging in order to plant some fir trees, about 14 inches from the 
surface of the ground they discovered many human skeletons, one 
skeleton was quite perfect, in the skull of which was a piece of iron 
weapon, about four inches long and somewhat less than an inch wide, 
very much corroded with rust.” The writer then goes on to say that 
the bones are in avery decomposed state, crumbling to dust on ex- 
posure to the air. ‘A few days after,” he adds, “a person of Stratford 
went out of curiosity to the spot and found an ancient weapon, if I 
may so call it; the whole length was ten inches and a half; the top 
part resembles a sharp spike, six inches long, and a little more than 
half an inch square, from the base of which issued two collateral 
branches curved downwards, the ends rudely wrought in the form of a 
dragons’ head, below which was a socket in which was probably fixed 
a wooden staff or handle.” ‘A dragon was, we are told, the device on 
Prince Uther's Standard.” 


With regard to the period and the occasion of these burying places 
I can offer no satisfactory explanation. Those of Milcote, Bardon 
Hill, Dodwell, and Binton seem to resemble each other so much that 
we may readily suppose they are of the same period, perhaps of abso- 
lutely the same date—the result of a battle which raged hottest at 
Milcote, where the skeletons are most numerous. It is to battle that 
we must look for the-solution. The idea of a pestilence, which was 
suggested by Mr. Chapman as an explanation of these remarkable 
deposits of bone, is now laid on one side by that gentleman himself, 
and in a recent conversation we had on the subject, we were well 
agreed on this point. The fractured cranium at Binton, as well as 
several at Milcote, which bear the marks of spear or pike, speak but 


18 


too plainly the occasion of their being there. Again, any one seeing 
the Milcote skeletons lying side by side, every one having the same 
position as his fellow, and that position such a one as could be hastily 
accomplished—the head either supported behind or falling easily on 
one side—would at a glance conclude that all had been interred im- 
mediately after death, and at one time. Dugdale, speaking of Milcote, 
says that it was wrested by violence from the Saxons in the time of 
Canute the Dane.* ‘There are, however, some cogent reasons for 
suspecting that these skeletons are those of a people more recent than 
the Saxons or Danes, one being that the skulls are like those of a 
mixed race, such as the English of the present day. Indeed, they are 
not distinguishable from collections of recent skulls in our museums 
and schools of medicine. The Welcombe deposit may perhaps differ 
from the others which I have mentioned, at any rate, in respect of the 
presence of weapons, it is essentially different. 


Mr. John Fetherston, Jun., then called the attention of the 
members to the specimen of Roman Pottery, on the table, 
which had been found in the Parish of Weston-upon-Ayon 
(in which Mileote is situate), by Mr. R. F. Tomes, 
associated with a Coin of the Emperor Domitian. <A few 
fragments were of Samian Ware, the remainder unglazed 
and of a red and grey colour. 


The Winter Meeting of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ 
Field Club was held in the Museum, Warwick, (by kind 
permission of the Council of the Natural History Society) 
on Tuesday, February 14th, 1865. Mr. Parker delivered 
a lecture on the ‘“‘bone caves of Liége,” and the Rey. 
P. B. Brodie read a paper ‘‘on three Lias Outliers in 
North Shropshire, South Cheshire, Staffordshire, and 
Cumberland, and their correlation with the main range.” 


The Summer Meetings were held at Fenny Compton, 
on May the 25th; at Stratford-upon-Avon and Wilmcote, 
on August the 9th; and the Meeting of the Archeological 
section of the Club was held at Banbury, on the 19th 


of September. 
* Reg. de Wigorn, in bibl. Cotton, p. 1366. 


a 


19 


The party assembled at Banbury Station at twelve 
o’clock, where they were met by the Archeological 
Secretary, who escorted them to Horley Church. It 
is dedicated to St. Hlheldreda, and presents many 
interesting features, being chiefly remarkable for a fine 
series of frescoes,. the most curious being those of 
St. Bridget, accompanied by household utensils; and St. 
Christopher, represented crossing a river, bearing Christ 
upon his shoulders, whilst out of his mouth issues a 
scroll, inscribed, 


‘‘What art thou, that art so young? 
Bare I never so heavy a thing.” 


Around him swim numerous fishes, whilst upon the bank 
sits a person, in the costume of the period, trolling for 
pike. In the chancel lie many sepulchral crosses and some 
Norman graye stones. From Horley the party proceeded 
to Hanwell Church, under the guidance of the Rey. 
Vincent Pearse, the Incumbent. It contains some fine 
effigies of the Cope family, and an early fresco of our Lord. 
The next place visited was Wroxton Church and Abbey, 
the latter the seat of Col. North, M.P., who kindly threw 
open his house and grounds for the inspection of the Club. 
The splendid specimens of carving, the stained armorial 
glass, and the very interesting Historical and Family 
Portraits, which grace the walls, detained the members 
so long that they were prevented from strolling in the 
grounds as they would have wished, and they proceeded 
from thence to Broughton Castle, the ancient Baronial 
seat of the Fiennes family. The Rev. the Lord Say and 
Sele, with his wonted courtesy, gave a most kind welcome 
to the members, and requested his Agent to be present to 
conduct them over the Castle. As a full account of the 
place is given in Beesley’s History of Banbury, together 
with many memorials of the Fiennes family, especially 
during the period of the civil wars, it is unnecessary to 
enter upon it here. The Chapel, however, is of especial 
interest, as it contains the original stone altar, supported 
upon brackets. An engraving of it will be found in 
Mr. Parker’s ‘“‘ Domestic Architecture.” 


20 


Time prevented those present from lingering as long 
as they would have desired, and after viewmg Broughton 
Church, with its fine monuments and heraldic curiosities, 
they returned at 4. 30. p.m. to dinner at Banbury. After 
dinner, the health of her Majesty having been drank, the 
Secretary proposed those of the Rey. the Lord Say and 
Sele, Col. North, M.P., and the Clergy who had so kindly 
conduced to the enjoyment of the Field Club, by opening 
their churches for their inspection, and by pointing out to 
them their peculiarities. A vote of thanks was unanimously 
carried, and the Secretary wrote to every person who had 
assisted them, to acknowledge their courtesy.* 


The attendance of Archeological members, in spite of 
the most beautiful weather, was very limited, there were 
present, however, the Archeological Secretary and 
Miss Fetherston, Miss Edith Fetherston, Miss Katherine 
Fetherston, J. W. Kirshaw, Esq., R. F. Tomes, Hsq., 
Rev. J. Gorle (Whatcote), Mr. R. Hudson and Mrs. Hud- 
don, Rey. P. W. Johnson (Packwood), Mr. Redfern, 
J. Perry, Esq. (Bitham House), Rev. Canon Knight 
(Durham), Rey. Compton (Wroxton), Rev. G. H. Pinwell 
(Horley), Rey. V. Pearse (Hanwell), Dr. Hitchman, 
Mr, Fortescue, &e. 


The Rey. George H. Pinwell, Incumbent of Horley, 
and the Rev. Vincent Pearse were proposed as members. 


The Meetings were pretty well attended on the whole. 
A full report will be found in the Proceedings of the 
Field Club. 

* The Report, by John Fetherston, Esq., of the Meeting of the Field Club, at 


Banbury, is inserted in full here, as it was sent too late for insertion in the Field 
Club Proceedings. 


21 


Additions to the Museunr and ae 


GEOLOGY. 
DONATIONS. 
Posodonia Brounii. Upper Lias, Anderton. 
Mytilus hippocampus. Middle Lias, Hewlett’s Hill, Presented 


near Cheltenham. by the 
Lingula Credneri. Marl Slate, Permian durliana. Rev. P. B. 
Sortis redu. New red Sandstone, Buddleigh, Brodie. 


Sutterton, Devon. 
Remains of Cestraciont Fishes, Palatal teeth, Defensive Spines, &c. : 
From Oreton, (Mountain limestone), Salop. 
Presented by Weaver Jones, Esq., Cleobury Mortimer. 

Cast of the Head of the Fossil Labyrinthodon, in the Museum at 
Struttgard. Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq. 

Two cases of Bones of the Plesiosaurus Rugosus, and Icthyosaurus 
Platyodon. From the Lima beds of the Lower Lias, at Honington, 
near Shipston-on-Stour. Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq. 

A Cast of the “ Pterodactylus Longirostris,” (figured in Dr. Buckland’s 
Bridgewater Treatise.) (The original specimen, from Solenhofen, 


is in the Collegs Museum, at Bonn.) Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, 
Esq. 


LIBRARY. 
DONATIONS. 7 
Proceedings of the Warwickshire Naturalist’s Field Club. Presented 
by the Club. 
Catalogue of the Library of the Philosophical and Literary Society, 
Leeds, and Report, 1864—1865. Presented by that Society, 


PURCHASES. 
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. No. 88 to 99, 
- Geological Magazine. No. 10 to 21. 
Palezontographical Society’s Publications :— 
Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, and other Formations. 
Part If. Silurian and Devonian. 
Fossil Brachiopoda. Vol. III, Part VI, No. II. Devonian, 
Belemnitide. Part I. Introduction. 
Reptilia of the Liassic Formations. Part I. 


22 


Popular Science Review. Part 17 to 20. 
Ray Society’s Publications :— 
A Monograph of the British Spongiade. Bowerbank. 
The British Hemiptara Heteroptera. Douglass and Scott. 
Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown. Vol. I. 
Camden Society :— 
90 Relations between England and Germany, 1618—19. 
91 Register of Worcester Priory. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 
DONATIONS. 


Two lots of Broken Pottery, found in the Stone Pits (White Lias), 
near Long Itchington. Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq. 

Two Coins,—Penny of Harold II, (struck at London), and a Penny 
of Edward IV, (struck at Durham,) by Bishop Lawrence Brook (?) 
or Brooker (?). Found during alteration of Long Itchington 
Church. Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq. 

Foot of a Mummy, from Thebes. Presented by Mr. W. A. Whittell, 
Warwick. 

Eleven Antique Vases, &c., supposed to have come from Alexandria. 
Presented by Mr. J. Wimbridge. 

Ferns from Australia, (including leaves of the Mardoo Plant.) 
Presented by Mr. Edward Reading. 

Pieces of Roman Pottery, from Weston on Avon, and Bones from 
Milcote. Presented by R. F. Tomes, Esq. 


The following Books are missing from the Library, and are supposed 
to have been taken by some Member, when the Members of the British 
Association visited the Museum, August, 1865, and not entered in 
Library Book. 


“ Wheler’s Stratford on Avon.” 

“ Life of the Earl of Leicester.” 

Derham, 8. ‘“ Hydrologia Philosophia,—an account of the 
Ilmington Waters, in Warwickshire. 8vo. Oxford, 1685. 


The Curators will be glad to have them returned. 


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24 


Officers of the Society, 


1866-67. 


PATRON. 


Tae Ricut HonovrasLeE THE EHarL oF WARWICK. 


PRESIDENT. 
James Cove Jones, Hsq., F.S.A., M.N.S. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS. 


Tue Ricur Honovraste THE Hart or AYLESFORD. 
Cuartes Hoxite Bracesrincs, Ese. 
Waxtrer Henry Bracesriver, Esa. 

Tur Rient Honovrasie Lorp Dormer. 
Lorp Viscount Duncan. 
Cuartes Fretuerston-Dmxe, Esa. 
Epwarp Greaves, Esa. 
Ricnarp Greaves, Esa. 
Tne Ricut Honovuraste Lorp Lerten, F.Z.S. 
Grorce Luoyp, Ese., M.D., F.G.S. 
Sir Cuartes Morpaunt Bart., M.P. 
Sm Grorce Ricnarp Pumps, Bart. 
Marx Paris, Esa. 
Eve tyn Pam Suareney, Ese., F.8.A. 
Joun Staunton, Esa. 
Tue Ricut Honovraste Lorp Wit.oucusy DE Broke. 
Henry Curistorner Wisk, Hsa., M.P. 


HONORARY SECRETARIES. 
Tue Rey. Perer Betuincer Bropviz, M.A., F.G.§. 


Joun Witu1am Kirsnaw, F.G.S. 


25 
HONORARY CURATORS, 


Geology und Mineralogy. 


The REY. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S.| JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S, 
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. | R. F. TOMES, Esq., F.Z.S. 
WILLIAM VAUGHAN RUSSELL, Esq, F.G.S. 


Hotany. 


FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq,, F.B.S.E, 


Doology. 


GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esg., F.Z.S. 
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A. 


Archvologn. 


MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esq. | JOHN FETHERSTON, Jun.Esq., F.S.A. 
W. B. DICKINSON, Esq., M.R.C.S. GEORGE T. ROBINSON, Esq,, F.G.H.S. 
P. 0. CALLAGHAN, Esq., M.A., L.L.D., D.C.L., F.S.A. 


Hibrary. 


CHARLES DURNFORD. GREENWAY, ,Esa. 


TREASURER. 
EDWARD GREAVES. Ese. : 


AUDITOR. 


KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esa. 


COUNCIL. 


The PATRON JAMES DUGDALE, Esa. 

The PRESIDENT MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN H. FREER: 
The VICE-PRESIDENTS RICHARD GREAVES, Esq. 

The HONORARY SECRETARIES . W. H. PARSEY, Esq., M.D. 

The HONORARY CURATORS The REV. EDMUND ROY, M.A. 

The TREASURER ; JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS, Ese. 
The AUDITOR THOMAS. SEDDON SCHOLES, Ese. 
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. THOMAS THOMSON, Esq., M.D. 
The REY. T. J. CARTWRIGHT, JOHN TIBBITS, Esq., M.D. 
THOMAS COTTON, Esa. 


¢ 


26 
Wist of Hlembers, 


1866. 


HONORARY MEMBERS. 


Tur Rev. Apam Szepewror, B.D., F.R.S., F.L:8., F.G.8., 
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and 
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of 
Cambridge, dc. 


Rozert Epmonp Grant, M.D.,F:R.SS8.L. &E., F.R.C.P.E., 
F.L.S., F.G.8., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparitive Anatomy 
and Zoology at the University College, London, éc., Grafton 
Place, Euston Square, London. 


Joun Puts, Eso., M.A., F.B.8., F.G.8., Professor of 
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University of 
Oxford, &c., Oxford. 


Lrevrenant-Conronen Witriam Henry Syxzes, M.P., 
F.B.S., F.L.S., F.G.8., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde 
Park, London. 


Samuet Brron, Eso, LL.D., F.8.A., Keeper of Oriental 
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of the 
Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin, 
Gottingen, Herculaneum, dc., dc. 


Anerrt Way, Esa, M.A., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British 
Archaological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the ‘Comité des 
Arts et Monuments,’ Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey. 


Gxorce Luoyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham Heath. 


27 
MEMBERS. 


THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS. 


The Right Honourable Karl of Aylesford, Packington Hall, 
Vice-President. 

' W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington. 

Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick. 

William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington. 

Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator. 

*Charles Holte Bracebridge, Hsq., Atherstone Hall, Vice- 
President. 

Walter Henry Bracebridge, Hisq., Moreville House, Sher- 
bourne, Vice-President. 

The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.8., Rowing- 
ton, Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator. 

Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Harl Brooke 
and Karl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron. 

William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Charles Marriott Caldecott, Hsq., Holbrook Grange, near 
Rugby. 

The Rev. Theodore John Cartwright, Preston Bagot, 
Member of Council. 

W. H. Childe, Esq., Alveston. 

P. O. Callaghan, Esq., M.A., L.L.D., D.C.L., F.§.A., 
Leamington. Member of Council. 

A. Cameron Campbell, Hsq., Monzie, Scotland, and 
Leamington. 

Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick. 

The Rev. Thomas Cochrane, M.A., the Leycester Hospital, 
Warwick. 


28 


Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick. 

Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth, 
Member of Council. 

Thomas B. Dale, Esq., Warwick. 

William Binley Dickinson, Esq., M.R.C.8., M.N.S., No. 5, 
Lansdowne Circus, Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord 
Dormer, Groye Park, Vice-President. 

The Lord Viscount Duncan, Vice-President. 

James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Member of 
Council. 

John Fetherston, Jun., Esq., F.S.A., Packwood House, 
Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator. 

Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq., Maxstoke Castle, near 
Coleshill, Vice-President. , 

J. Elkington, Esq., Packwood House, Birmingham. 

Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Clifton Villa, Leam 
Terrace, Leamington, Member of Council. 

Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill, 

John Goodhall, Esq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick. 

*Hdward Greaves, Esq., Avonside, Barford, Vice-President 
and Treasurer. 

Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House, Warwick, Vice- 
President. 

Miss Greenway, Warwick. 

Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Charles Durnford Greenway, Hsq., Hon. Curator. 

The Rev. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, 
Leamington. 

Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, 
London, W.C. 


29 


Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon. 

Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M.R.C.8., Leamington. ° 

The Rev. Thomas Jackson, Hatton. 

The Rev. John Jameson, M.A., High Street, Warwick. 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S., Loxley House, . 
President. 

Miss Kimberly, Warwick. 

John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary 
and Hon. Curator. 

Mrs. Lamb, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh, 
F.Z.8., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President. 

The Rey. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy. 

Major Machen, Leamington. 

Mr. Samuel Mallory, Warwick. 

Miss Moor, No. 5, Waterloo Place, Leamington. 

‘John Moore, Esq., Warwick. 

Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., M.P., Walton, Vice-President. 

George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick. 

Philip William Newsam, Hsq., Warwick. 

The Rey. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton. 

The Rey. EH. St. John Parry, Principal of Leamington 
College. 

William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton, Member of 
Council. 

Arthur Wellesley Peel, Esq., MP., Sandy, Bedfordshire. 

Owen Pell, Esq., Leamington. 

The Rev. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New 
Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C. 

Sir George Richard Philips, Bart, Weston Hall, near 
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President. 


30 


Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-President. 

George William John Repton, Esq., M.P. 

The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., No. 3, Beauchamp Terrace 
East, Leamington. 

George Thomas Robinson, Esq., F.G.H.S., Leamington, 
Hon, Curator. 

Josiah Yeomans Robins, Esq., Myton. Member of Council. 

The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth, Member of 
Council. 

William Vaughan Russell, Esq., F.C.S., Leamington, 
Hon. Curator. 

Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street, 
Leamington. Member of Council. 

Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F.8.A., Eatington Park, 
near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President. 

William Smith, Esq., Warwick. 

John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council. 

Henry Summerfield, Esq., Warwick. 

Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace, 
Leamington, Member of Council. 

Sir Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland, 
Faringdon, Vice-President. 

John Tibbitts, Esq., M.D., Warwick. Member of Council. 

Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Welford, near Strat- 
ford-on-Avon. Hon. Curator. 

The Rey. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator. 

Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.§.H., Oakfield, 
Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

William Walker, Esq., Warwick. 

James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford- 
upon-Avon. 


31 


*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bed- 
worth. 

The Right Honourable Henry Verney, Lord Willoughby 
de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President. 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek 
Wootton, Vice-President. 

J. Wimbridge, Hsq., Warwick. 

Sir Trevor Wheler, Bart., Leamington. 

Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby. 

The Rey. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash. 


1836—1853 


1853—1867 


1836—1837 
1837—1838 
1838—1839 
1839—1840 
1840—1841 


1841—I842 
1842—1843 
1843—I1844 
1844—I845 
1845—I846 
1846—1847 


1847—1848 
1848—1849 
1849—1850 
1850—1851 
1851—1852 
1852—I853 
1853—1854 
1854—1855 
1855—1856 
1856—1857 


1°57—1858 
1858—1859 
1859—I£60 
1860—1861 
Ig6I—1862 
1&62—1863 
I863—I864 
1864—I°65 
1365—I*66 
1866—I867 


32 


Hist of Patrons and Presidents, 
From 1886 to 1867. 


PATRONS. 


THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY RICHARD GREVILLE, 
EARL BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK, K.T, LL.D. 
THE RICHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, EARL 

BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK. 


PRESIDENTS. 


CHANDOS LEIGH, ESQ., F.H.S. 

SIR JOHN MORDAUNT, BART, M.P. 

SIR JOHN EARDLEY EARDLEY WILMOT, BART., M.P., F.R.S. 

WILLIAM HOLBECHE, ESQ, F.G.S. 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, LORD 

BROOKE. . 

CHARLES HOLTE BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ. 

WILLIAM STAUNTON, ESQ. 

SIR FRANCIS LAWLEY, BART., F.HS., F.ZS. 

SIR GRAY SKIPWITH, BART. 

SIR JOHN ROBERT CAVE BROWNE CAVE, BART. 

THE MOST HONOURABLE SPENCER JOSHUA ALWYNE 
COMPTON, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON, D.C.L., PRESIDENT 
R.S., F.S.A., Hon. M.RI.A,, F.G.S. 

EVELYN JOHN SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P. 

THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH. 

SIR THEOPHILUS BIDDULPH, BART. 

CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ. 

MARK PHILIPS, ESQ. 

HENRY CHRISTOPHER WISE, ESQ. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

WALTER HENRY BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ. 

CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ. 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH, LORD 

LEIGH, F.ZS. 

EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ. 

THE REV. VAUGHAN THOMAS, B.D. 

SIR GEORGE RICHARD PHILIPS, BART. 

EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ.; MP. 

EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., MP. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ. 

RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ. 

JAMES COVE JONES, ESQ., F.SA., M.N.S. 


338 
The Meetings of the Council are held on the First 


‘Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January, 


and the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Haster week. 


The Museum is open daily to the Members and their 
Friends from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of 
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Hleven 
o’clock to Four between the First of November and the 
last day of February. 


Non-Subscribers are admitted on payment of an 
admission fee of sixpence each. 


The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on 
Mondays and Tuesdays. 


The Annual Subscriptions for 1866 are due on the 
24th day of May; and the Council urgently request 
that the Subscribers will cause them to be paid to the 
Treasurer, at the Bank of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and 
Greenways, Warwick; or to Mr. William Delatour 
Blackwell, the Collector of Subscriptions, Leicester 
Street, Leamington. 


PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK. 


Part odd: co. Dian: og 
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WARWICKSHIRE 


NATURAL HISTORY 


ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 


ESTABLISHED MAY 247, 1836. 


THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT 
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS, 


READ AT THE 


ANNIVERSARY MEETIN G, APRIL 27th, 1867. 


Tue Council, in presenting their annual report to the 
members, congratulate them on the continued prosperity 
of the Society. 


Numerous and valuable additions have been made to 
the Museum and Library, by donation and purchase, 
during the past year. 


The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arranging 
a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and some 
of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small but 
judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when 
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon 
make the entire Geological collection most valuable and 
instructive, and one of the best out of London. At present 
the collections of Natural History and Geology forma 
good educational medium for all classes, and it is of the 


utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency, 


2 


A fine example of the ‘‘Megaceros’—*‘ Fossil deer of 
Treland,”’ from Lough Gur, near Limerick, has been 
presented to the Society, by Richard Greaves, Esq., and 
is now placed in the Geological room of the Museum. 


Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is 
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the 
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be 
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than 
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a 
collection properly, and for the same reason it is much 
less profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes 
of general instruction. 


Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, 
there are several formations which are still very defective, 
amongst which may be enumerated the following :— 
The Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, 
Sconce, Headon hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. 
London Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and 
Lower Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower 
Silurian will be very acceptable. The aid of the members 
is particularly requested in procuring fossils from the 
County, especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permain, 
as it should be the chief aim of all local Museums to have 
as fine a suite as possible from the strata which occur in 
the immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire 
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out. 


BRITISH MAMMALIA. 

Although no addition has been made to the British 
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the 
collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assis- 
tance in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which 


8 


migrate, and which therefore in some species can only be 
obtained as stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and 
though some are rarer than others, all may be obtained 
with tolerable certainty, by those residing in such parts 
of the Country as they are known to inhabit. With the 
exception of the marine species, such as the Whales and 
Porpoises, there are none which might not take their place 
in our collection of British fere. We have already some 
of the largest of the land animals, as the Red Deer and 
Roebuck, both presented by Edward Greaves, Esq. A 
mounted specimen of the Fallow Deer, and of the two 
kinds of Martin, i.e., the yellow breasted, and the white 
breasted Martin, would go far towards the completion of 
the collection of the terrestrial Mammalia of Great Britain. 
We earnestly hope that some friends to this Institution 
will kindly furnish one or other of these desiderata. Of 
the smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and Bats, a few 
kinds are wanting, but these the Curators believe that 
they shall before long be able to supply. 


ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION. 


In our report for 1865 we unaccountably omitted to 
advert to the re-arrangement of the collection of birds, 
which took place when the repairs of the Museum were 
brought to a close. The room containing the collection 
underwent a thorough cleaning, and the specimens were 
taken out, examined, carefully cleaned, and returned to 
the cases. The windows of the rooms, the approaches to 
which were awkwardly blocked up with cases, were relieved 
of their obstructions, the specimens which were in these 
cases, being transported to their proper places in the 
series to which they respectively belonged. 


4 


But the most important change which has been made in 
this department, is the separation of the British from the 
Exotic species. In nearly all the extensive Natural 
History Museums in Europe the native species are now 
fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately been 
the case in our National Museum, and whereas the 
observer had before this change to seek laboriously through 
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated 
specimens which had formed the collection of some 
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel 
Montague,—he may now see them all placed side by side 
in the gallery devoted to British Zoology. And with them 
he may also see ranged the gems from the collection of the 
late Mr. Yarrell. The advantage of such an arrangement 
is obvious. 


When the Archeological Institute held its meeting at 
Warwick, the Bishop of Oxford, a good Ornithologist, and 
the possessor of a collection of the birds of the eastern 
Counties of England, paid a visit to our museum, and 
was much pleased to see the British Birds placed by 
themselves. He observed, with great truth, ‘‘ you cannot 
vie with the larger Museums in a general collection, but 
you may excel them if you confine yourselves to a purely 
local collection.” Fully agreeing with this opinion, the 
Hon. Curators, while enlarging the collection of British 
Birds, propose to do so, as much as possible, by means of 
specimens obtained in Warwickshire, or the contiguous 
Counties. They offer these remarks in the hope that the 
friends of the Institution, will assist them in carrying out 
their views, by the donation of some of the species forming 
the following list of desiderata :— 


5 


Order 1. Accipitress, Linn. 


Egyptian Vulture, .. ..  ..Neophron Perenopterus, (Linn.) 
Griffon Vulture, .. .. ..Gyps fulvus, (Gmel.) 
Rough-legged Buzzard .. ..Archibuteo Lagopus, (Briin.) 
Spotted Eagle, .. .. .. ..Aquila nevia, (Gmel.) Mey. 
Jer-falcon,.. .. .. .. ..Falco Gyrfalco, Linn. é 
Red-footed Falcon -- .-Tinnunculus vespertinus, (Linn.) 
Swallow-tailed Kite .. ..  ..Nauclerus furcatus, (Linn.) Vigors. 
Goshawk, .. .. .. .. ..Astur palumbarius, (Linn.) Bechst. 
Montagu’s Harrier, .. .. .. Circus cinerascens, (Mont.) 

Hawk Owl.. .. .. .. ..Surnia ulula, (Linn.) Bonap. 
Snowy Owl, [British specimen,]Nyctea nivea, (Thunb.) 

Little Owl .. .. .. .. ..Athene noctua, (Retz.) 

Great-eared Owl, [female,] ..Bubo maximus, Sibb. ; 
_Tengmalm’sOwl .. .. ..Nyctale Tengmalmi, (Gmel.) Strickl: 


Order 2. Passeres, Cuv. 


Alpine Swift, .. .. ..  ..Cypselus Melba, Linn. 
Roller,.. .. .. .. .. ..Coracias garrula, Linn. 
Bee-eater, [British specimen,].. Werops Apiaster, (Linn.) 
Dartford Warbler, .. .. ,. Sylvia undata, (Bodd.) 
Garden Warbler, [female,] .. Sylvia hortensis, (Penn.) 
Fire-crested Regulus, ,. ..Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm. 
Plain-crowned Kinglet, ..  ..Regulus proregulus, (Pall.) 
Black Redstart, [Brit. specimen] Ruticilla tithys, (Scop.) 
Blue-throated Warbler, ..  ..Cyanecula suecica, Linn. 

Alpine Accentor, .. .. ..Accentor alpinus, Gmel. Bechst. 
Crested Tit, we . .-Parus cristatus, Linn. 

White Wagtail .. ..  ..  ..Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.] 
Grey-headed Wagtail, .. ..Motacilla flava, Linn. 

Rock Pipit,.. .. .. .. ..Anthus spinoletta, (Linn.) 

Richard’s Pipit,.. ater .-Anthus Richardi, (Vieill.) 

White’s Thrush, +. «»  «.Durdus varius, Horsf. 

Rock Thrush, .. - .- ..Lurdus saxatilis, Linn. 

Golden Oriole, .. --Oriolus Galbula, Linn. 

Gold-yented Thrush, --Pycnonotus aurigaster, (Vieill.) 
Great Ash-coloured Shrike[fem]Lanius Excubitor, Linn. 

Woodchat Shrike, -. ..Enneoctonus refus, (Briss.) 
Nutcracker, - +. .. ..Nucifraga caryocatactes, (Linn.) Briss. 
Rose-coloured Ouzel[{Brit.spec.] Pastor roseus, (Linn.) Temm. 
Red-winged Starling, .. ..Agelaius pheniceus, (Linn.) Vieill. 
Mountain Linnet, .. .. -Fringilla flavirostris, Linn. 

Cirl Bunting, .. «. ..Hmberiza Cirlus, Linn. 

Ortolan Bunting, .. ..  ..Emberiza hortulana, Linn. 

Lapland Bunting, .. ..  ..Plectrophanes lapponicus, (Linn.) Selb. 
Short-toed Lark, ., .. ..Alauda brachydactyla, Temm. 
Crested Lark, .. .. ... ..Alauda cristata, Linn. 

Shore Lark, .. .. .. ..Otocoris alpestris, (Linn.) 

Parrot Cross-bill, .. .. ..Loaia pityopsittacus, Bechst, 
White-winged Cross-bill,.. .. Lowia leucoptera, Gmel, 


ee . 


Order 3. 


American Cuckoo, 
Great spotted Cuckoo, 


6 


Scansores, Ill. 


--Coccyzus americanus, (Linn.) 
--Oxylophus glandarius, (Linn.) 


Order 4, Colbumbx, Lath. 


Rock Dove, seo st 
Passenger Pigeon, .. 


-- Columba Livia, Briss. 
. .-Ectopistes migratorius, (Linn.) Swains. 


Order 5. Gallinz, Linn, 


Barbary Partridge, .. .. 
Andalusian Hemipode, .. 
Virginian Colin, Gee ne 


Order 6. 


Great Bustard,.. .. .. 
Little Bustard,.. .. 


Order 7. 


Great Plover, .. enase 
Cream-coloured palais if 
Kentish Plover,.. .. .. 
Crane,.. .. Hf 
Great White Heron,. = 
Egret, [British specimen, ] 
Squacco Heron,. - 
Buff-backed Heron, Bie. oats 
American Bittern, .. . 
Spoon-bill,.. .. = 
Wihite StaEke) ats wasp ia 
Black Stork; peal sie)t hae 
Spotted Redshank, Bree ie 
Wood Sandpiper, .. .. 
Avocet... .. aa 
Black- winged Stilt, . mia tyne 
Buff-breasted Sandpiper,. . 
Broad-billed Sandpiper; .. 
Schintz’s Sandpiper, oe 
Pectoral Sandpiper .. .. 
Brown Snipe, .. .. «- 
Sabine’s Snipe,.. .. .. 
Red-necked Phalarope .. 
Baillon’s Crake,.. .. .. 
Little Crake, .. .. .. 


--Caccabis petrosa, (Lath.) 
.-Turniz gibraltaricus, (Gmel.) Gould. 
--Ortyx virginianus, (Linn.) Gray. 


Strathiones, Lath, 


.. Otis tarda, Linn. 
.. Otis tetrax, Linn. 


Gralle, Linn. 


. . Edicnemus crepitans, Temm, 
..Cursorius gallicus, (Gmel.) 
.. Charadrius cantianus, Lath. 
.-Grus cinerea, Bechst. 
- Ardea alba, Gmel. 
.. Ardea Garzetta, Linn. 
.. Ardea comata, Pall. 
..- Ardea coromanda, Bodd. 
. -Botaurus lentiginosus, Mont. 
.-Platalea leucorodia, Linn. 
.-Ciconia alba, Briss. 
..-Ciconia nigra, Bechst. 
..-Totanus stagnalis, Bechst. 
.-Totanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm. 
.-Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn. 
--Himantosus candidus, Bonn. 
.- Tringa refescens, Vieill. 
.- Tringa platyrhyncha, Temm. 
.. Tringa Schinzii, Brehm. 
-.Tringa pectoralis, Say. 
.-Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach. 
--Gallinago Sabini, (Vigors.) 
. -Phalaropus hyperboreus, (Linn.) Cuvier. 
--Ortygometra pygmea, (Naum.) 
--Ortygometra minuta, (Pall.) 


. 
{ 


7 


Order 8. Anseres, Linn. 


Spur-winged Goose... .. ..Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph. 
Common Wild Goose, .. ..Anser ferus, Gesn. 

White-fronted Goose, .. ..Anser erythropus, (Linn.) Flem. 
Pink-footed Goose, .. .. ..Amnser brachyrhynchus, Baill. 

Bernicle Goose,.. .. .. ..Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) Steph. 
Red-breasted Goose,.. .. ..Bernicla ruficollis, (Pall.) Steph. 
Polish Swan, .. -. -- ..Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrell. 
Whistling Swan, .. .. ..Cygnus ferus, Ray. 

Bewick’s Swan,.. . ..Cygnus minor, Pall. 

American Swan, ++ «+ «Cygnus americanus, Sharpless. 
Ruddy Shieldrake, .. .. ..Casarka rutila, (Pall.) 

American Wigeon, .. .. ...Mareca americana, (Gmel.) Steph. 
Bimaculated Duck, .. .. ..Querquedula bimaculata, (Penn.) 
Gadwall, .. e» .-Chaulelasmus strepera, (Linn.) 
Red-crested Whistling Duck, ..Branta rufina, (Pall.) Boie. 

Scaup Pochard,.. .. .. ..Fuligula Marila, (Linn.) Steph. 
Ferruginous Duck, Bn oe aks |. Nyroca leucophthalma, (Bechst.) Flem. 
Harlequin Garrot, .. .. ..Clangula histrionica, (Linn.) Steph. 
Long-tailed Hareld,.. .. ..Harelda glacialis, (Linn.) Leach. 
Steller’s Western Duck . ..Eniconetta Stelleri, (Pall.) 

King Duck, os ee ef «-Somateria spectabilis, (Linn.) Steph. 
Surf Scoter, .. .. .. ..Oidemia perspicillata, (Linn.) Steph. 
Red-breasted Merganser,.. ..Mergus Serrator, Linn. 

Hooded Merganser, .. ..Mergus cucullatus, Linn. 

Red-necked Grebe, .. .. ..Podiceps grisegena, (Bodd.) Lath. 
Sclavonian Grebe, .. . .-Podiceps cornutus, (Gmel.) Lath. 
GreatAuk, 4.9 36, 50, 5 ..Alca impennis, Linn. 

Manx Shearwater, .. .. ..Pufinus Anglorum, Ray. 


Cinereous Shearwater, . .«.Puffinus cinereus, Gmel. 

Wilson’s Petrel,.. .. . .-Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl. 
Fork-tailed Petrel, .. - .«-Thalassidroma Leachii, (Temm.) 
Bulwer’s Petrel,.. .. .. ..Zhalassidroma Bulweri, (J. & S.) Gould. 
Buffon’s Skua, .. .. . .Stercorarius cephus, (Briinn.) 
Common Skua,.. . ..Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn. 
Glaucous Gull,.. .. . «Larus glaucus, Briin. 

Iceland Gull, .. .. . Larus leucopterus, Faber. 

Little Gull,.. .. .. . .. Larus minutus, Pall. 

Sabine’s Gull, .. .. ..Aema Sabini, Leach. 

Ivory Gull,.. .. -«.Pagophila eburnea, (Gmel.) Kaup. 
Caspian Tern, .. .. Sterna caspia, Pall. 

Gull-billed Tern, -. «Sterna anglica, Mont. 

Sandwich Tern,.. -. ..Sterna cantiaca, Gmel. , 
Roseate Tern, - «. «Sterna paradisea, Briin. 

White- winged Black Tern, . Hydrochelidon nigra, (Linn.) 
Black Noddy, .. .. .. ..Amnédus stolidus, (Linn.) Catesby. 


8 © © © © © 
8 e 


8 


The Accounts for the Year have been audited, and 
the General Financial Statement to March 31st, 1867, 
is appended to this report. 


The Museum, now containing a valuable and well- 
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and 
Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not 
extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is 
highly creditable to the Town and County of Warwick, 
and deserves a much greater amount of support than it 
has of late years received. An excellent foundation has 
been laid, but much might be effected if adequate means 
were placed at the disposal of the Council. 


Owing to the losses, by death, of several subscribers 
during the past year, and the small number of additional 
members, the funds of the Society are in a less 
satisfactory condition than could be desired. A reference 
to the list of subscribers will show that only a few of the 
rich and influential residents in the County belong to the 
Society. If the members would solicit annual subscrip- 
tions from their friends and neighbours, it is probable 
that a considerable addition would be made to the funds 
of the Society. 


The Council have much pleasure in stating that the 
upper room has now been enlarged and otherwise improved, 
giving thereby increased accommodation for specimens, so 
much needed, and will enable them to make many 
additional and important alterations which the crowded 
state of the rooms rendered essential. 


a 


After the business was finished at the Annual Meeting, 
the following papers were read :— 


By Dr. O’Callaghan, LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A., on the 
«‘Recent discovery of Human Remains in the Priory 
Grounds, Warwick. 


My attention was called to a paragraph in the Times newspaper, 
of the 25th of August last, announcing that a discovery of human 
bones had been lately made by some labourers when at work in a’ 
garden near the Priory at Warwick. I lost no time in visiting the 
locality where this discovery was said to have been made. The Priory 
and grounds adjoining have lately been purchased by Mr. Thos. Lloyd, 
of the well-known banking house of that name in Birmingham. The 
house is a good specimen of an English mansion of the time of Queen 
Elizabeth, but it has few traces left of its monastic or ecclesiastical 
character. It is now undergoing the process of restoration, or rather 
of re-edification, and in good taste. In laying out the grounds before 
the south front of the house, for an ornamental garden, it was found 
necessary to break up the old grass lawn into flower beds. In digging 
into the soil, to form these beds, the workmen came upon the remains 
of several human bodies, which lay at a depth of about two feet 
from the surface. However, as it was supposed that this place had 
been the old burial ground of the Proiry, the remains were carefully 
replaced, and covered over with fhe soil. On coming over from 
Leamington te make inquiry for myself about this curious discovery, 
I found the gardener, who had the direction of the work, a very 
intelligent man, anxious to give me every assistance. Mrs. Lloyd, in 
the absence of her husband, kindly placed this man, with several 
labourers, at my disposal. We proceeded at once to break up that 
part of the ground in which the skeletons were left undisturbed. In 
a short time we came upon the osseous remains of several human 
bodies, but in a very decomposed and crumbling condition. , They did 
not appear to me to have been originally disposed in any regular order, 
for, although their direction in general was east and west, there were 


10 


remarkable exceptions, even in the small portion of ground which we 
broke up: In one case a skeleton lay at right angles with the others, 
and in another curious instance the body appeared to have been 
doubled up upon itself. The only skulls which we were enabled to 
remove in tolerable condition, and from which any ethnological 
indications could be deduced, were of strikingly opposite conformation. 
One nearly perfect, but wanting the lower jaw, is of enormous 
capacity, and decidedly Brachycephalic. The other, not quite so 
perfect, is an admirable specimen of the Dolichocephalic cranium, of 
extreme scaphoidal form. I think it would be very difficult to find 
two more characteristic specimens of these opposite types: But the 


peculiarity of these interments, with which [ was forcibly struck, was 


that the bodies had all been deposited in fine washed sand, evidently 
brought from a distance. There were no superincumbent stones, nor 
stones of any kind to form a grave: not a trace of wooden coffin, or of 
anything of wood or metal.’ The bodies were apparently placed in 
shallow trenches, in which the originally thin soil, on the rock, had 
‘been supplemented with this river send. The soil, of course, would 
subsequently deepen from the accumulation of ages. Or the whole 
burial surface may have been the base of a Jargetumulus. This mode 
of burial was certainly unlike any Christian sepulture; and which, 
indeed, could not have been required ia a locality so near to the old 
churchyard, which has been made use of, for that purpose, during 
historic times. The site of this curious burial place is an elevated 
plateau, which overlooks the surrounding country, and which no 
doubt had been secured as a commanding military position, in ancient 
British, Roman, or Saxon times. Tacitus tells us that Publius 
Ostorius, Lieutenant to the Roman Emperor Claudius, raised several 
forts on the banks of the river Avon, and Severn. Indeed, it is not 
probable that such a strong military position would have been overlooked 
during the roman occupation of thisisland; therefore in all likelihood 
this place had been at one time a fortified camp, enclosed by earth- 
works, which have been long since removed by cultivation. Stukely 
says that on removing an ancient tumulus at the Roman station of 
High Cross (Venones), on the borders of Warwickshire, many human 
skeletons were found lying flat on the ground under the base of the 
mound. But the most striking resemblance to this burial ground was 
discovered a few years ago not far from the same station at Clayster, 


11 


or Claybrook. I have been informed by Mr. J. T. Burgess, editor of | 
the Leamington Courier, who has been for some years. industriously 
engaged in exploring the local antiquities of this neighbourhood, that 
in a railway cutting at that place, the workmen passed through an 
ancient burial ground in which the remains of the bodies were found 
like those at Warwick, laid in graves filled with fine sand. There ig 
no doubt that Clayster had been a Roman station, not only from its 
name and history, but likewise from the number of Roman relics found 
there. I should have said before, that similar relics of Roman occupa- 
tion had been found in a railway cutting not far from this Priory 
garden. Several of these relics are deposited in the Warwick Museum. 
There is abundant, evidence that sand had been used in this manner in 
Roman sepulture in many places in England, and that it was brought 
from considerable distances for that purpose. Mr. George Moore, of 
Bath, one of the most distinguished of our provincial geologists, tells 
Mr. Burgess, in a letter lately received from him, that he has found 
fine sand in Roman stone coffins, near Bath, and that from its com- 
position, he has no doubt that it must have been brought from the 
Mendip Hills. My belief, therefore, is that this was a pre-Christian 
burial ground, most probably Roman. I have been strengthened in 
this opinion, since my attention was directed to an old Sandstone 
quarry close by, in which the rock had been cut vertically about 
thirty feet deep. In the exposed face of this escarpment several 
curious excavations may be seen, In some of these I found still 
remaining pieces of burnt bones mixed with ashes and charcoal; 
supporting the idea that the remains of human bodies had been 
deposited in these recesses after cremation. Could this place have 
been the ancient Roman “ Presidium” said to have been at Warwick? 
‘It is undoubtedly the highest and the most commanding position in 
the town, or neighbourhood, and the most eligible for a military camp. 
My sole object in making this communication to the society is simply 
to have a public and local record made of this interesting antiquarian 
discovery. 


*,* Since this paper of Dr. O’Callaghan’s was read, a further exploration of the 
excavations in the quarry have been made, under the superintendance of Mr. Lloyd 
and the Author, and a large quantity of burnt bones, mixed with charred wood and 
ashes, were found. But the most interesting discoveries made on this occasion, were 
the fragments of large earthen vases, which no doubt have been sepulchral. 


12 


Mr. M. H. Bloxam, of Rugby, then read an interesting 
paper on ‘‘Warwickshire in August, 1642, before the 
raising of the Royal Standard at Nottingham.” 


It may not be difficult to trace the causes which gradually led to the 
great civil war’ of the seventeenth century, but the actual commence- 
ment of the war, that is, the first contest between the King’s forces 
and those of the Parliament, in which blood was shed, is left in some 
obscurity. In the spring of 1642 the King was in Yorkshire. On the 
23rd of April, attended by a guard only and some of the gentry of that 
county, he was denied admission into Hull, then fortified, and con- 
taining a magazine of arms and ammunition, and held by a garrison 
for the Parliament. The King and the Parliament now prepared for 
the inevitable contest; there was no standing army, but on each side 
money was raised by voluntary contributions of money and plate, with 
which soldiers were levied and paid. The troops on the side of the 
Parliament consisted chiefly of the trained bands of London and the 
musters from different counties, mostly from the towns. The King 
had on his side a majority of the country gentry, who armed their 
tenants and mounted them as far as circumstances would allow. The 
old feudal system was to a certain extent still existing. It was hardly 
till the end of July that either side was able to take the field. In the 
month of August actual warfare had commenced. On the 12th of that 
month the King issued a proclamation, and shortly after, being in- 
formed the Parliamentary forces were on the route from London and 
the south to garrison Coventry, he determined, if possible, to prevent 
the hostile occupation of that City. | Warwickshire lying in the centre 
of the kingdom seemed destined to be the trysting ground in which 
the first blow was to be struck, for it is difficult to find earlier incidents 
involving bloodshed than those which took place in this county. 
There is in the British Museum a collection known as ‘‘ the King’s 
Pamphlets,” haying been collected or purchased by George the Third. 
This collection contains an innumerable number of publications, news 
letters, &c., estimated at notless than 30,000, all relating to this 
period, many of them printed in a small quarto form, and written by 
parties who were present at the occurrences, and at the time they 
happened. From one of these scarce publications it appears that one 


138 


of the earliest military movements, attended with bloodshed, took 
place from Rugby, early in the month of August, 1642, by a troop of 
horse under the command of Captain John Smith, a native of Skilts, 
in this county. This Captain Smith, atthe battle of Edgehill, greatly 
distinguished himself, by rescuing the Royal standard as it was being 
carried off the field by a party of the Parliamentary soldiers; for this 
he was knighted. In 1644 he died at Oxford, and was buried with 
military honours in the Cathedral. His life was published in a small 
quarto volume, printed at Oxford in 1644, entitled “ Briltanice 
Virtutis Imago; or the effigies of true fortitude, expressed to the life 
in the famous actions of that incomparable knight, Major General 
Smith, who is here represented.” From that work the following is an 
extract:—“ By this time the cockatrice of this rebellion was grown to 
some maturity; and amongst all who sought to lop the growing 
monster, our noble Captain Smith gave one of the /irst blows, the 
particulars whereof as they are related authentically by the Herald 
(who extorted the relation from his own mouth) I will here insert. 
In the beginning of August, 1642, he marched with the Lord John 
Steward’s troop into Warwickshire, there to meet the noble Earl of 
Northampton, who was there in arms for his Majesty. Captain 
Bortue’s troop marched with him, and at Rugby, on the edge of the 
aforesaid county, he quartered the 8th of that month, where he under. 
stood, that at Kilsby in Northamptonshire, about two miles distant» 
the inhabitants had put themselves in arms against his Majesty's 
proclamation. He therefore conceiving it fit to disarm them, did 
that night set a strong guard in Rugby, of about thirty horse, to the 
end he might draw out of the town at any hour with the least noise or 
notice. Before break of day he marched out, the morning being very 
wet, and before it was light coming to Kilsby town-side drew up his 
horse in a body. As soon as it was clear day he entered the town, 
where presently he found the people gathering together, some with 
muskets or other guns, others with pitch -forks, and clubs; he asked 
‘What they meant,’ and told them he had no purpose to do them harm, 
entreating them to deliver up their arms for his Majesty’s service. 
The unruly people no whit hearkened to his courteous desires, but 
furiously assaulted his troops (which could not be drawn up in a body, 
in regard of the straitness of the passage), they wounded two or three 


14 


of his men and some horses, yet made he shift to disarm some of them. 
And then advances to the constable’s house, where he finds more 
company, but commanding his men not to discharge a pistol upon 
pain of death, hoping yet by fair means to qualifiy them. Immediately 
divers shots are made from the windows at him. Whereupon he 
commanded his men to give fire, and so presently despatched three or 
four of them, which the others perceiving ran away, all except an old 
man, that with his pitch-fork ran at Captain Smith, and twice struck 
the tines against his breast, who by reason of his arms under a light 
coat, received no hurt; yet could not this old man by any intreaty be 
pursuaded to forbeare, till a pistol quieted him. Here he took forty 
muskets, and the same day marched towards the valiant Earl of 
Northampton, whom he met with Brooke’s ordnance about three 
miles from Warwick, and attended him thither.” There is no entry 
in the parish register of Kilsby about this time, there being a void, as 
in most registers, but I have conversed with old people in Kilsby, 
and the number of persons slain in this encounter, is, by tradition, 
said to have been fourteen. In the letters of Nehemiah Wharton, a 
subaltern officer in the Earl of Essex’s army in the early part of the 
Civil Wars, and who was quartered at Rugby on the 19th of September, 
1642, he informs us, ‘“ This town (Rugby) also was lately disarmed by 
the Cavaliers on the Sabbath day, the inhabitants being at church.” 
An exploit, though it be not mentioned in his life, I attribute to 
Captain John Smith. In the latter part of August, 1642, the King 
came out of Leicestershire into Warwickshire, with a body of horse 
computed at about 1,500. I fancy he crossed the Avon near Rugby, 
and, taking Kings Newnham on his way, the seat of Lord Dunsmore, 
afterwards created Earl of Chichester, he proceeded by way of Wolston, 
on to Coventry. The King in his way over Dunsmore Heath is said, 
by tradition, to have halted and dined under an oak tree near the Foss 
yoad in the parish of Wolston. I well remember the tree, thus 
traditionally noticed; it was rapidly falling into decay, although 
preserved as long as possible; and some thirty years ago a wintry 
storm felled it to the ground. In the year 1825, I walked over to 
Wolston, in company with a late and revered friend, Mr. Edward 
Pretty, sometime drawing master to Rugby School, and as a draftsman 
inferior to few. He then took a sketch of this tree which I still retain. 


’ 


15 


The tree stood on high ground, and at no great distance, near the 
river, stood an ancient mansion, still existing, formerly belonging to 
the Wigston family, and where, in the reign of Elizabeth, some of the 
Martin Marprelate tracts were surreptitiously printed. From hence 
the King proceeded on his march to Coventry. In a letter, entitled 
“ News from the City of Norwich,” dated August the 26th, it is stated 
—‘In this great and general distraction of several counties, there is 
most certain note given by credible information that there are great 
store of troops on Dunsmore Heath, who do violently take away arms 
by night, and thereby strike a great terror into the inhabitants, it 
being also for certain reported that the King intends to be there on the 
24th of this month.” In the middle of Warwickshire at this time 
stood the fair and famous city of Coventry, the favourite occasional 
abode of kings, more especially of Henry the Sixth. I take the 
description of this city as it was given by one, only eight years before 
the time I am treating of, viz., 1634:—‘“ This city as it is sweetly 
situated on a hill, so it is beautify’d with many fayre streets and 
buildings, and for defence thereof it is compassed with a strong wall 
nigh three miles about, with a whole jury of gates, and many offensive 
and defensive towers, graye’d and much beautify’d with a fair, lofty, 
6-square crosse, though not altogether soe richly guilded as that 
onparrall’d one in Cheapside, yet with as curious and neat work, and 
carvings cut in stone, as that of lead. A fayre large Hall there is, 
over against their fayre Church, with a stately ascending entrance, 
the upper end adorned with rich hangings and all about with fayre 
pictures, one more especially of a noble Lady, whose memory they 
haye cause not to forget, for that she purchas’d and redeem’d their 
long infring’d liberties, and freedoms, and obtain’d remission of heavy 
tributes imposed upon them, by undertaking a hard and unseemly 
taske.” The walls of this famous defensive city, commenced in the 
latter half of the 14th century, were not finished till the 15th. The 
murage tax was a grievous charge on the inhabitants, and toll was 
taken, as in the present day at many cities and towns on the Continent, 
on all eatables and drinkables which entered the city. Thence arose _ 
the legend, borrowed from an earlier legend told of a different place, 
but I must forbear to treat of the old legends of Warwickshire lest, to 
use an aphorism found in the proverbs of Florio, “I get a flap with a 
fox tail.” Coventry was the medieval walled city, like those, though 


16 


of a greater extent, we meet with on the banks of the Rhine, or in 
this country, like Conway, though without its castle, or like the 
inner town of Caernarvon, but without its castle. Purely medieval, 
the system of Vauban was never here brought in to strengthen the 
original enceint or wall, as at Oxford, at Gloucester, and at Bristol. 
Coventry was at this time no garisoned city. In a news letter from 
Coventry, dated August the 20th, 164%, we have the following infor- 
mation :—“ The King is this day come to Stanley to Sir Thomas Lee 
and hath beleagued Coventry. The citizens went all out and preferred 
to render it to his Majesty, so he would be pleased only to come attended 
with his ordinary guard, but the Cavaliers would not suffer the people 
to speak of it, unless they all might come in with his Majesty. The 
King’s army consists not of above 1,500, and most of them is horse, 
which the county would not yield unto, so they hung out the bloody 
flag and stood upon their guard. The King’s army have beaten down 
the gate, but there are 2,000 able fighting men within the walls, which 
are resolved to stand it out to the last man, not doubting before that 
time to be relieved by the Parliament.” In a news letter, entitled 
“ Wxceeding Joyful News from Coventry.” printed October the 19th, 
1642, we learn under the date of August the 20th, 1642, the following 
news :—* Upon Monday last there was information given to the House 
of Commons, by letters from Warwickshire, that his Majesty came to 
Coventry upon Saturday last, with a great number of cavaliers; his 
whole army consisted of about 6,000 horse, which the citizens of 
Coventry perceiving, they shut up the gates of the city, and stood 
upon their guard; whereupon his Majesty retired to a knight’s house 
about three miles from Coyeutry, and the cayaliers made the poor 
countrymen’s houses their inns, and then and there they made their 
own welcomes, taking what they pleased. His Majesty hath also 
caused warrants to be sent to the Sheriff and others, officers of the 
county, to aid and assist him at his coming thither, but very few 
obliged him therein. He hath likewise caused the county to be 
summoned to appear before him on Monday next, when it is thought 
he intends to set up his standard, and that he is resolved to march 
with his forces against Warwick Castle, before which the Earl of 
Northampton lies with some forces, but hath little hope of gaining 
the same.” The knight’s house thus alluded to, and to which the 


17 


King retired on his repulse before Coventry, had been an ancient 
Cistercian Abbey, one of the three great Cistercian abbeys founded in 
Warwickshire in the middle of the twelfth century. On the suppression 
it had been converted into a mansion house. It had suffered little, 
save in the demolition of the greater portion of the church, the south 
aisle of the nave and south transept alone having been preserved: 
These, with the other conventual buildings, were ranged round an 
inner court. At a little distance to the northwest of the Abbey, a 
usual position in monastic arrangement, stood the gatehouse, a 

_ picturesque and venerable structure of the fourteenth century, flanked 
with offices which in former times had probably been occupied as the 
Hospitiwm, where guests were received and hospitality dispensed, and 
where the poor were also relieved. Passing through this gateway the 
entrance to the Abbey would be on the west side, under the dormitory, 
or common sleeping apartment of the monks. This would afford 
accommodation to no few of the guard who attended the King. On the 
south side of the court stood a spacious apartment, the ancient 
refectory or dining hall, built by one of the abbots who died in the 
middle of the thirteenth century, and of whom it is quaintly recorded 
by his biographer, a subsequent abbot, that though he was in truth 
a worldy wiseman, gui quidem sagax erat in secularibus, this was 
reported to be the only good work he did during his abbacy. Sub quo 
tum constructum est novum refectorium. Sed cum multis esset odiosus. 
Dicebatur quod illud solum fecit bonwm, videlicet quod refectoriwm 
edificavit. So it is stated in the valuable and most interesting Liege, 
Book of the fourteenth century, still preserved in this ancient pile- 
The north side of the court was bounded by the south isle of the 
church. The east side by the south transept of the church, the 
chapter house, and the abbot’s lodgings, or apartments placed over 
a vaulted substructure. It was to these apartments, then probably 
the chief in the mansion, that the King was in all likelihood con- 
ducted for the night, mortified with his repulse before Coventry, felt 
the more for its not having been regularly garrisoned. This repulse 
was not forgotten, and twenty years later was avenged in the demoli- 
tion, by royal mandate, of the once goodly walls of Coventry, so as to 
render it no longer tenable as a defensive city. But to return to this 
interesting mansion. 


18 


On the north and east the ancient arrangement still exists, with 
alterations effected in the 16th or early part of the 17th century, the 
ancient refectory and dormitory forming the south and west sides, were 
probably demolished in the last century, when the principle portion of 
the present mansion was erected on their sites. Although Charles is 
the first monarch who is recorded to have been here, it is more than 
probable that some earlier monarchs paid a transient visit here—John, 
Henry the Third, his son Edward, and Edward the Second, whilst 
with the Court staying at the Castle or Priory of Kenilworth, only two 
miles distant from hence. That during the night the King was here 
the guards were watchful, and patrols sent out to different parts, both 
to prevent surprise and to obtain intelligence, more especially from the 
quarter where the Parliamentary troops were expected to march would 
appear evident from what follows. In “Certain special and remarkable 
passages, from both Houses of Parliament, since Monday, the 22nd 
of August, till Friday, the 26th, 1642,” the following statement occurs: 
— ‘The Houses (of Parliament) also received letters informing them 
of the true state of things at Coventry. That his Majesty continued 
his siege and battered against the town from Saturday till Monday last. 
That the cavaliers, with their pieces of ordnance, having battered 
down one of the gates, the townsmen, to prevent their entrance, stopped 
up the passage with harrows, carts, and pieces of timber, and with 
great courage forced the cavyaliers (notwithstanding their ordnance) 
upon every attempt towards the gate soon to retreat, and that with 
some loss. That the Lord Brooke, the Lord Grey, son to the Earl of 
Stamford, with their troops of horse, Master Hollis and Master 
Hampden’s regiments of foot, and the other forces formerly related of, 
according as was appointed, came to Southam, within ten miles of 
Coventry, on Monday night last, and intended to billet themselves 
there; but that upon intelligence of a false alarm that the enemy were 
within a mile or two, they marched into the fields, where they lay all 
night without meat or drink, and the next morning espied the enemy, 
who had removed their siege before Coventry upon information of 
their coming, and placed themselves in a battle some two miles from 
Southam for a pitched battle; whereupon the Lord Brooke and 
company drew up their forces to the top of the hill, put their men in 
® posture, placed their ordnance, and let fly at them, there being a 
very hot skirmish on both sides for about an hour long, his Majesty 


19 


continuing with his forees in the field all the whole of the first and 
second onset, but then perceiving his forces were likely to have the 
foil, left them, and with some lords in company went to Nottingham, 
where he remains for the present. The Lord Grey behaved himself 
most valiantly in this encounter, and deserves much honour for his 
undaunted courage; he with the other forces plied the cavaliers with 
very thick and hot charges, their young soldiers being so full of 
courage and eagerness to the battle, that the cavaliers having lost 
great numbers of their men (without any loss of the other side) that 
for haste they left their ordnance behind them, which the Lord Brooke, 
the Lord Grey, and other forces seized upon, and also took their chief 
agent, Captain Legge, prisoner. The King’s forces are now got 
to Leicester, bemoaning their sad success, which doth much 
dishearten them from any further attempt. The Lord Brooke 
and other forces are now marched toward Werwick Castle, to 
serve that place, and intend to have a bout with the Earl of 
Northampton if he can be met withall.”. There are two other 
accounts of this skirmish, which took place on the 23rd of August, 
two days before the King set up his standard at Nottingham. On the 
24th the Lord Brooke and Colonel Hampden, with all their force of 
horse and foot and their train of artillery, entered Coventry. One of 
the accounts of this skirmish states that some nine of the King’s 
troops were taken prisoners and forty of them slain. In a letter from 
Nehemiah Wharton, an officer in the Parliamentary forces present at 
this engagement, dated Coventry, August 26, the number of slain of 
the King’s forces is stated to be fifty. In another account the number 
is estimated at sixty. Of Lord Brooke’s forces some twelve are said 
to have been wounded by the firing of some powder, and one shot 
another in the back; but these accounts are all from one party, that 
of the Parliamentarians. The account Lord Clarendon gives of this 
conflict is very different, and can hardly be considered as correct, 
though he admits the retirement of the King’s forces—for after 
mentioning the King’s repulse before Coventry, he goes on to say :— 
“The King could not remedy the affront, but went that night to 
Stoneley, the house then of Sir Thomas Lee, where he was well 
received ; and the next day his body of horse, having a clear view upon 
an open campania, for five or six miles together, of the [enemy's] 
small body of foot, which consisted not of above twelve hundred men, 


20 


with one troop of horse, which marched with them over that plain 
retired before them, without giving them one charge ; which was imputed 
to the lashty [ill conduct] of Wilmot [Commissary General], who 
commanded, and had a colder courage than many who were under 
him, and who were of opinion that they might easily have defeated 
that body of foot, which would have been a very seasonable victory ; 
would have put Coventry unquestionably into the King’s hands, and 
sent him with a good omen to the setting up of his standard. Whereas 
that unhappy retreat, which looked like a defeat, and the rebellious 
behaviour of Coventry, made his Majesty’s return to Nottingham very 
melancholy; and he returned thither the very day the standard was 
appointed to be set up.” The precise spot where this skirmish took 
place—(I can meet with no tradition of it in the neighbourhood) —is 
unknown. I presume it to have taken place in the valley of the Itchen, 
between Honingham and Long Itchington, perhaps near Snowford 
bridge. It is a point we may reasonably hope to have cleared up 
hereafter by the discovery of a broken pike, halbert, or spur, a bullet 
or two, or cannon ball, and the words of the poet are not inapplicable :— 
** Scilicet et tempus veniet, cum finibus illis 
Agricola, incurvo terram molitus aratro, 
Exesa inveniet scabra rubigine pila” 


“Then after length of time, the labouring swains, 
Who turns the turfs of these unhappy plains, 
Shall rusty piles from the plough’d furrows take.” 


The route taken by the King on his way to Nottingham was, I have 


reason to think, through Birdingbury and Draycott, to a spot on the 


road between Coventry and Dunchurch, where stands a house known 
as the Blue Boar. There is a green lane near this house up which the 
King—I heard the tradition more than forty years ago—is said to have 
come. He is also traditionally said to have called and taken refresh- 
ment at Causton Hall, which would be in his way to Rugby, through 
which he passed on his road to Leicester. I heard this tradition some 
years ago from an old man, then 98 years of age, who when a boy had 
lived at Causton Hall. This skirmish at Long Itchington, considered 
of such importance by Lord Clarendon, was the last scene in the first 
act of the great tragedy of these troublous times, the result of which 
no one could venture to predict. I may perhaps have another opportu- 
nity of showing the division of parties in this county at this time, and 
the events which subsequently occurred—events of deep and enduring 
interest in the constitutional history of our country. 


—- * 


21 


The Rev. P. B. Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., then gave a short 
viva voce account of the Drift in a part of Warwickshire, 
with special reference to the evidence of glacial action which 


“34 affords. A section of the Cliff at Buddleigh Salterton, 


Devonshire, was described in detail, and the various lower 
Silurian fossils which it contains. 


Mr. Tomes gave a few interesting details respecting the 
“Megaceros”—*‘Fossil deer of Ireland,” which is now placed 
in the Geological room. 


Votes of thanks having been passed to those gentlemen 
who had read papers, and the President of the Society 
(Mr. J. Cove Jones), the meeting separated, 


By the kind permission of the Warwickshire Natural History 
Society, THE WARWICKSHIRE Naturaists’ AND ARCHEOLOGISTS’ 
Fietp Cvs held their Annual Winter Meeting in the Museum, 
on February 6th, 1867. The President delivered his address 
chiefly devoted to Archwology, in which he especially dwelt 
upon the recent discoveries of Flint Implements in the post 
Tertiary period, and the Lake Dwellings. The Rev. P. B. 
Brodie read the following paper, on “the drift in part of 
Warwickshire, and on the evidence of glacial action which: it 
affords.” The low level drift and its fossils was first described, 
and a detailed account given of the older glacial drift at 
Hatton, Rowington, Edstone, and Temple Balsall, and strong 
evidence adduced in favour of its glacial origin.’ One of the 
chief points of interest was the occurrence of certain quartzose 
pebbles of lower Silurian age, containing fossils of the 
quartzites of May, Gahard, &c, in Normandy, which are 
also found in the New Red Sandstone, at Buddleigh Salterton 
in Devonshire, and both were supposed to have had a 


similar origin. 


22 


J. 8. Whittem, Esq., then read a paper on the supposed 
glacial drift in the neighbourhood of Coventry, in which the 
prevalent character of the quartzose pebbles were pointed out 
and the fossils which occur in the other drifted materials in 
the district. 


A. Startin, Esq., next read a paper on some special deposits 
of drift at Exhall, near Coventry, and on the drift generally 
in that neighbourhood. It was shown that the drift consisted 
of a variety of rocks, some of which contained fossils, both 
of local and distant formations, many of which were referred 
to the glacial epoch. The Rev. P. B. Brodie read a second 
paper on the fossiliferous beds of the New Red Sandstone (the 
upper and lower Keuper) in Warwickshire. The general 
character, range, and extent of this formation was described, 
‘and a further extension shown at Edstone, not previously 
recorded, a detailed account was given of thie various fossils, 
with a list of all those hitherto discovered in Warwickshire 
and elsewhere, and the footsteps which so abundantly 
characterize the deposit, were largely dwelt upon, and 
referred to, at least, three genera of Labyrinthodont animals, 
The first summer meeting was held at Nuneaton, on the 16th 
of May; the second at Bredon Hill, in Warwickshire, on the 
10th of August; and the third meeting, the Archzological 
day, at Alcester, on September 7th, 1866. A full account of 
these is given in the proceedings of the Club for 1866. 


23 


Sodditions to the Wuseunr and Piorary. 
GEOLOGY. 


DONATIONS. 


A collection of Minerals and recent Corals. Presented by J. Elkington, 
Esq. 

Roman Samian Pottery. 

Skeletons from Milcote. 

Photographs of the gravel pit and burying ground at Milcote. 

Presented by R. F. Tomes, Esq. 

Paludina n. s. Wealden, Kent. Presented by Rev. P. B. Brodie. 

Large mass of Fossil wood, considerable part of a tree, Lower Lias, 
Insect bed, Grafton. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 

Ogygia Corndensis, Llandeilo flags, Llandrindrod, Wales. Presented 
by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 

Skeleton of the “Cervus Megaceros,” Irish Elk, from Lough Gur, 
near Limerick. Presented by R. Greaves, Esq. 


} Presented by R. F. Tomes, Esq. 


Two boxes of Insects. 

Fine Scull of Porpoise. Presented by Dr. Goodchild. 

Fossil wood and two Fossil Bones. 

Trochus Guadryanus, Lower .Lias, Campden, 
Gloucestershire. 

Pecten Pradonaus (Spanish species, new to Britain), 
Lower Lias, Lima Beds, Harbury. 

Avicula Sinemuriensis, Lower Lias, Frethern, 


| Gloucestershire. Presented 

4 Turbo elegans, Lower Lias, (Cardina Bed,) Down } by the Rev. 
2 Hatherley, near Gloucester. P. B. Brodie. 
Waldheimia perforata, Lower Lias, (Hippopodium 

: : bed,) Fenny Compton. 


Calymene duplicata, Builth, Wales, Llandeilo Flags. 
Perma quadrata Mytilus, sp. (?), Portland Oolite, | 
Brill. J 


Cidaris Smithii, Coral Rag, Shotover, Oxon. Presented by J. Parker, 


_ Esq. 
Pygaster umbrella, Presented by J. Parker, Esq. 
Permian conglomerate, Exhall. Presented by A. Startin, Esq. 


24 


Cycloptychius carbonarins, Coal Measures, Staffordshire. Presented 
‘ by the Rey. P. B. Brodie, 
Cornbrash Fossils, Northamptonshire. Presented by A. Startin, Esq. 
Adiantites Hibernicus, Carboniferous or Devonian (?), Kiltorcan, 
Ireland. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 


BOTANY. 


DONATIONS. 


Ferns from Australia, including leaves of the Mardoo plant, so valuable 
in saving life in the bush. Presented by Mr. E. Reading. 


LIBRARY. 


DONATIONS. 

Account of the Irish Elk. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 

On the Structure of the Palechinus; by W. H. Baily, Esq., F.G.S. 
and L.S. 

Description of a new Plesiosaurus, from Whitby, in the Dublin Museum; 
by Dr. Carte and W. H. Baily, Esq. 

Comparison of the Rocks of South-West of Ireland, North Devon, 
and Rhenish Prussia; by S. B. Jukes, Esq. 

Journal of the Geological Society of Dublin, vol. 10, part 2, in which 

there is a paper on the “ Indentations on Bones of the Megaceros” ; 
by S. B. Jukes, Esq. 

Presented by W. H. Baily, Esq., F.G.S. and L.S., Dublin. 

Transactions of the Botanical Society, vol. 8, part 3. 

Proceedings of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archeologists’ Field 
Club. Presented by the Field Club. 

“ Fragmenta Sepulchralia;” an unpublished Work by W. H. Bloxam, 
Esq. 


PURCHASES. 


Annals and Magazine of Natural History. No. 100 to 112. 

Camden Society. No. 92, 93. 

Geological Magazine. No. 22 to 34. 

Popular Science Review. part 21 to 24. 

Paleontographical Society's Publications :— 

Vol. 18.—Oolitic Echinodermata. vol. II, part II. Liassic Ophiuroidea. 
Trilobites. part III. Cambrian and Silurian. 
Belemnitide. part II. Liassic Belemnites. 

Pleistocene Mammalia. part I. Introduction; Felis Spelea. 


25 


Vol. 19.Crag Foraminifera. part I, No.1. 
Supplement to the Fossil Corals. part I. Tertiary. 
Fossil Merostomata. part I. Pterygotus. 
Fossil Brachiopoda. part VII, No.1. Silurian. 

Vol. 20.—Supplement to the Fossil Corals. part IV, No. 1. Liassie. 
Trilobites. part IV. Silurian. 
Fossil Brachiopoda. part VII. No. II. Silurian. 
Belemnitide. part III. Liassic Belemnites. 

Ray Society Publications :— 

‘ Nitzsch’s Pterylography. Edited by Phillip Lutley Sclater, 
M.A., Pa.D., F-R.S. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 
DONATIONS. 


Eleven Antique Vasés, &c., said to be from Alexandria. Presented by 
J. Wimbridge, Esq. f 

Cloth from the South Pacific Islands. Presented by Mr. R. G. 
Reading. 

Cloak of a New Zealand Chief. Presented by K. Greenway, Esq. 


Sea Weeds, from Port Philip, Australia. Presented by Mr. W. 
Reading. . 


LIBRARY. 


Any Member wishing to take a Book from the Library, is particularly 
requested to see that an entry is made in the book kept for that purpose, 
which is on the Library table. The date must also be entered when 
the book is returned. 


Before Members are allowed to take books out of the Library, a 
deposit of 10s. is required. 


Some of the Books cannot be taken away from the Library. 


The following Books are missing from the Library, and are supposed 
to have been taken by some Member, when the Members of the British 
Association visited the Museum, August, 1865, and not entered in 
Library Book. 


* Wheler’s Stratford on Avon.” 
“ Life of the Earl of Leicester.” 


Derham, S. “ Hydrologia Philosophia,—an account of the 
A Ilmington Waters, in Warwickshire. 8yo. Oxford, 1685. 


The Curators will be glad to have them returned. 


26 


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9 ILS ‘*' ‘* ‘* WorsstuTUI0D s,10,09T109 
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anqraustlsD "IUOIUP . 


“LO8T “WOUePT STE 04 ‘QOST ‘Tore ISTE Woy “ENIWALVLS IVIONVNIA IVWINTD 


a7 
Orlucers of the Society, 


1867-68. 


PATRON. 


Tue Ricut Honovraste THE Hart oF WARWICK. 


PRESIDENT. 
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

Tue RicHt Honovuras.e THE Earn or AYLESFORD. 
Cuartes Hours Bracesrincs, Esa. 
Wauter Henry Bracesrivce, Ese. 

Tue Ricat Honovraste Lorp Dormer. 
Tue Ricut Honovraste THE Hart oF CAMPERDOWN. 
Cuartes Fetuerston-Dinxe, Eso. 
Epwarp Greaves, Esa. 
Ricnarp Greaves, Hsa. 
Tas Rieu Honovraste Lorp Lercn, F.Z.8. 
Grorcz Luoyvp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. 
Sir Cuartes Morpaunt Barr., M.P. 
Sm Grorce Ricuarp Pures, Barr. 
Mark Paries, Esa. 
Evetyn Pamir Sareiey, Esa. F.S.A. 
Jonn Sraunton, Esa. 
Tas Ricut Honovraste Lorp WinitovcHpy DE Broke. 
Henry Curistorxer Wist, Esg., M.P. 


HONORARY SECRETARIES. 
Tar Rev. Perer Betuincer Brovis, M.A., F.G.S. 
Joun Witi1am Kimsuaw, F.G.S. 


28 
HONORARY CURATORS. 


Geology and Mineralogy. 


The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.GS. Lous WILLIAM KIRSHAW, FG:S. 
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq, M.D., FGS. R. F. TOMES, Esq., F.ZS. 
WILLIAM VAUGHAN RUSSELL, Esq, F.G.S. 


Hotany. 


FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq., F.BS E. 


Zoology. 


GEORGE LLOYD, Esq, MD-.F.GS. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES. Esq., F.ZS. 
The RLV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A. 


Archwologp. 


MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esq. | JOHN FETHERSTON, Jun , Esq ,F S.A, 
W. B. DICKINSON, Esq, M.R.C S. GEORGE T. ROBINSON, Esq.,F.G.H.S. 
P. O. CALLAGHAN, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A. 


Library. 


CHARLES DURNFORD GREENWAY, Esq. 


TREASURER. 


EDWARD GREAVES, Esq. 


AUDITOR. 


KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esq. 


COUNCIL. 


The PATRON JAMES DUGDALE, Esq. 

The PKESIDENT MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN H. FREER. 
The VICE-PRESIDENTS RICHARD GREAVES, Esq. 

The HONORARY SECRETARIES W. H. PARSEY, Esq, M.D. 

The HONORARY CURATORS The REV. EDMUND ROY, MA. 

The TREASURER JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS, Esq. 
The AUDITOR THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Esa. 
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. THOMAS THOMSON, Esq., M.D. 

The REV. J. T. CARTWRIGHT. JOHN TIBBITS, Esq., M.D. 


THOMAS COTTON, Esq- 


29 
List of Htembers, 
1867. 


nnnrnemnnanrn 


HONORARY MEMBERS. 


Tur Rev. Apam Szvewicr, B.D., F.R.S., F.LS., F.GS., 
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and 
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the sila y of 
Cambridge, dc. 


Rozgert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.SS.L. & E., F.R.C.P.E.. 
E.L.S., F.G.S., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy 
and Zoology at the University College, London, ée., Grafton 
Place, Euston Square, London. 


Joun Pururs, Bsq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.8., Professor of 
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University cf 
Ozford, dc., Oxford. 


Lizurenant-Cotonen Witttam Henry Syxkus, MP., 
5 FRS. F.LS. F.G.8. &. 47, Albion Street, Hyde 
Park, London. 


Samvurt Bircu, Ese., LL.D., F.S.A., Keeper of Oriental 
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of the 
Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin, 
Gottingen, Herculaneum, dc.. dc. 


Apert Way, Esq, M.A., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British 
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the ‘* Comité des 
Arts et Monuments,” Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey. 


Gxrorcz Lioyp, Esq, M.D, F.G.S., Birmingham Heath, 


30 
MEMBERS. 


THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS. 


The Right Honourable Earl of Aylesford, Packington Hall, 
Vice-President. 

W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington. 

Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick. 

William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington. 

Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator. 

Charles Holte Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice- 
President. 

The Rey. William Bree, Allesley, near Coventry. 

Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sher- 
bourne, Vice-President. 

The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.8., Rowing- 
ton, Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator. 

John Coulson Bull, Esq., Warwick. 

Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke 
and Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron. 

William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrooke Grange, near 
Rugby. 

The Rev. Theodore John Cartwright, Preston Bagot, 
Member of Council. 

P. O. Callaghan, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.8.A,, 
Leamington, Member of Council. 

A. Cameron Campbell, Esq., Monzie, Scotland, and 
Leamington. 

Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick. 

The Rey. Thomas Cochrane, M.A., the Leycester Hospital, 
Warwick. 


Sa ol 


31 


Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick. 

Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth, 
Member of Council. 

Thomas B. Dale, Esq., Warwick. 

William Binley Dickinson, Esq., M.R.C.S., M.N.S., No. 5, 
Lansdowne Circus, Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord 
Dormer, Grove Park, Vice-President. 

The Right Honourable the Harl of Camperdown, Vice- 
President. 

James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Member of Council. 

John Fetherston, Jun., Hsq., F.8.A., Packwood House, 
Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator. 

Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq., Maxstoke Castle, near 
Coleshill, Vice-President. 

James B. Hlkington, Esq., Packwood House, Birmingham. 

Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Kenilworth, Member 

~ of Council. 

Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill. 

John Goodhall, Esq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick. 

*Edward Greaves, Esq., Avonside, Barford, Vice-President 
and Treasurer. 

Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House, Warwick, Vice- 
President. 

Miss Greenway, Warwick. 

Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. - 

Charles Durnford Greenway, Esq., Hon. Curator. 

The Rey. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, 
Leamington. 

Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, 
London, W.C. 


32 


The Rev. 8. C. Hamerton, Northgate, Warwick. 

Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

Richard Child Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon. 

Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M.R.C.8., Leamington. 

The Rev. Thomas Jackson, Hatton. 

The Rey. John Jameson, M.A., High Street, ieee 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F.8.A., M.N.S., Loxley House, 
President. 

A. Keene, Esq., Eastnor House, Leamington. 

F. EH. Kitchener, Esq., Rugby. . 

Miss Kimberly, Warwick. 

John William Kirshaw, F.G.8., Warwick, Hon. Secretary 
and Hon. Curator. “ 

Thomas Lloyd, Esq., the Priory, Warwick, 

The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh, 
F.Z.8., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President. 

The Rev. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy. 

Mr. Samuel Mallory, Warwick. 

John Moore, Esq., Warwick. 

Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., M.P., Walton, Vice-President. 

George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick. 

Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick. 

The Rey. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton. 

William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton, Member of 
Council. 

Arthur Wellesley Peel, Esq., MP., Sandy, Bedfordshire. 

The Rey. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New 
Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C. 

Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near 
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President. 


33 


Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-President. 

George William John Repton, Esq., M.P. 

The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., No. 8, Beauchamp Terrace 
East, Leamington. 

George Thomas Robinson, Esq., F.G.H.S., Leamington, 
Hon. Curator. 

Josiah Yeomans Robins, Hsq., Myton, Member of Council, 

The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth, Member of 
Council. 

William Vaughan Russell, Hsq., F.C.8., Leamington, 
Hon. Curator. 

Thomas Seddon Scholes, Hsq., No. 16, Dale Street, 
Leamington, Member of Council. : 

Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F.S.A., Hatington Park, 
near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President. 

William Smith Esq., Warwick. 

John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council. 

Henry Summerfield, Esq., Warwick. 

Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace, 
Leamington, Vice-President. 

Sir Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland, 
Faringdon, Vice-President. 

John Tibbitts, Esq., M.D., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.8., Welford, near Strat- 
ford-on-Avon, Hon. Curator. 

The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator. 

Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.§.H., Oakfield, 
Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

William Walker, Esq., Warwick. 

James Robert West, Hsq., Alscot Park, near Stratford- 
upon-Ayon. ' 


34 


*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bed- 
worth. ; 
The Right Honourable Henry Verney, Lord Willoughby 
de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President. 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek 
Wootton, Vice-President. 

J. Wimbridge, Esq., Warwick. 

Sir Trevor Wheler, Bart., Leamington. 

Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby. 

The Rey. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash. 


1836—1 853 


1853—1868 


1836—1837 
1837— 1838 
1838—1839 
1839—1840 
1840—1841 


1841—1842 
1842 —1843 
1843—1844 
1844—1845 
1845—1846 
1846—1847 


1847—1848 
1848—1849 
1849—1850 
1850—1851 
1851—1852 
1852—1853 
1853—1854 
1854—1855 
1855—1856 
1856—1857 


1857—1858 
I858—I859 
1859—1860 
1860—I861 
1861—1862 
1862—1863 
1863—1864 
1864—I865 
1865—I866 
1866—1967 
Ie67—I868 


35 


Hist of Patrons and Presidents, 
From 1836 to 1868. 


PATRONS. 


THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY RICHARD GREVILLE 
EARL BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK, K.T., LL.D. 
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, EARL 

BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK. 


PRESIDENTS. 


CHANDOS LEIGH, ESQ., FHS. 

SIR JOHN MORDAUNT, BART., M.P. 

SIR JOHN EARDLEY EARDLEY WILMOT, BART., M.P., F.R.S. 

WILLIAM HOLBECHE, ESQ., F.G.S. 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, LORD 
BROOKE. 

CHARLES HOLTE BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ. 

WILLIAM STAUNTON, ESQ. 

SIR FRANCIS LAWLEY, BART., F.H.S., F.Z.S. 

SIR GRAY SKIPWITH, BART. 

SIR JOHN ROBERT CAVE BROWNE CAVE, BART. 

THE MOST HONOURABLE SPENCER JOSHUA ALWYNE 
COMPTON, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON, D.C.Li, PRESIDENT 
R.S., F.SA., Hon. M.B.I.A., F.G.S. 

EVELYN JOHN SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P. 

THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH. 

SIR THEOPHILUS BIDDULPH, BART. 

CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ. 

MARK PHILIPS, ESQ. 

HENRY CHRISTOPHER WISE, ESQ. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

WALTER HENRY BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ. 

CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ. 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH, LORD 
LEIGH, F.Z.S. 

EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ: 

THE REV. VAUGHAN THOMAS, B.D. 

SIR GEORGE RICHARD PHILIPS, BART. 

EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P. 

EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ. 

RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ. 

JAMES COVE JONES, ESQ., F.S.A., M.N.S. 

JAMES COVE JONES, ESQ, F.S.A,, M.N-S. 


86 


The Meetings of the Council are held on the First 
Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January, 
and the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Easter week. 


The Musrvum is open daily to the Members and their 
Friends from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of 
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Eleven 
o’clock to Four between the First of November and the 
last day of February. 


Non-Subseribers are admitted on payment of an 
admission fee of sixpence each. 


The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on 
Mondays and Tuesdays. 


The Annual Subscriptions for 1867 are due on the 24th 
day of May; and the Council request that the Subscribers 
will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at the Bank 
of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, Warwick ; 
or to Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of 
Subscriptions, Leicester Street. Leamington. 


PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK. 


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WARWICKSHIRE 
NATURAL HISTORY 


AND 


: Piscine tCr a 
|| Sreveological Soaciely, 


‘| THIRTY-SE0OND ANNUAL REPORT, 


APRIL, 1868. 


Coad eons 
AL. Beer ; 
WARWIOE: 


eee 4 Ie : 3 hecina 2. 
ve ) PERRY, PRINTER, NEW STREET & OLD SQUARE, 


WARWICKSHIRE 


NATURAL HISTORY 


AND 


ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 


ESTABLISHED MAY 24rn, 1836. 


THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS, 


READ AT THE 


ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 17th, 1868. 


Te Council, in presenting their annual report to the 
members, congratulate them on the continued Prosperity 
of the Society. 


Numerous and valuable additions have been made to 
the Museum and Library, by donation and purchase, 
during the past year. 


The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arranging 
a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and some 
of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small but 
judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when 
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon 
make the entire Geological collection most valuable and 
instructive, and one of the best out of London. At present 
the collections of Natural History and Geology form a 
good educational medium for all classes, and it is of the 
utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency. 


2 


A fine example of the ‘‘Megaceros’—‘‘Fossil deer of 
Ireland,” from Lough Gur, near Limerick, has been 
presented to the Society, by Richard Greaves, Esq., and 
is now placed in the Geological room of the Museum. 


Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is 
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the 
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be 
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than 
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a 
collection properly, and for the same reason it is much 
less profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes 
of general instruction. 


Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, 
there are several formations which are still very defective, 
amongst which may be enumerated the following :— 
The Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, 
Sconce, Headon hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. 
London Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and 
Lower Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower 
Silurian will be very acceptable. The aid of the members 
is particularly requested in procuring fossils from the 
County, especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian, 
as it should be the chief aim of all local Museums to have 
as fine a suite as possible from the strata which occur in 
the immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire 
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out. 


BRITISH MAMMALIA. 

Although no addition has been made to the British 
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the 
collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assis- 
tance in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which 


3 


migrate, and which therefore in some species can only be 
obtained as stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and 
though some are rarer than others, all may be obtained 
with tolerable certainty, by those residing in such parts 
of the Country as they are known to inhabit. With the 
exception of the marine species, such as the Whales and 
Porpoises, there are none which might not take their place 
in our collection of British fere. We have already some 
of the largest of the land animals, as the Red Deer and 
Roebuck, both presented by Edward Greaves, Esq. A 
mounted specimen of the Fallow Deer, and of the two 
kinds of Martin, 7.e., the yellow breasted, and the white 
breasted Martin, would go far towards the completion of 
the collection of the terrestrial Mammalia of Great Britain. 
We earnestly hope that some friends to this Institution 
will kindly furnish one or other of these desiderata. Of 
the smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and Bats, a few 
kinds are wanting, but these the Curators believe that 
they shall before long be able to supply. 


ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION. 

When the repairs of the Museum were brought to a close, 
the room containing the collection underwent a thorough 
cleaning, and the specimens were taken out, examined, 
carefully cleaned, and returned to the cases. The windows 
of the rooms, the approaches to which were awkwardly 
blocked up with cases, were relieved of their obstructions, 
the specimens which were in these cases, being transported 
to their proper places in the series to which they 
respectively belonged. 


But the most important change which has been made in 
this department, is the separation of the British from the 


4 


Exotic species. In nearly all the extensive Natural 
History Museums in Kuropegthe native species are now 
fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately been. 
the case in our National Museum, and whereas the 
observer*had before this change to seek laboriously through 
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated 
specimens which had formed the collection of some 
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel 
Montague,—he may now see them all placed side by side 
in the gallery devoted to British Zoology. And with them 
he may also see ranged the gems from the collection of the 
late Mr. Yarrell. The advantage of such an arrangement 
is obvious. 


It has been observed, with great truth, ‘that you can- 
not vie with the larger Museums in a general collection, but 
you may excel them if you confine yourselves to a purely 
local collection.” Fully agreeing with this opinion, the 
Hon. Curators, while enlarging the collection of British 
Birds, purpose to do so, as much as possible, by means of 
specimens obtained in Warwickshire, or the contiguous 
Counties. They offer these remarks in the hope that the 
friends of the Institution will assist them in carrying out 
their views, by the donation of some of the species forming 
the following list of desiderata :— 


Order 1. Accipitress, Linn. 


Egyptian Vulture, .. .. ..Neophron Percnopterus, (Linn.) 
Griffon Vulture, -. «.  «-Gyps fulvus, (Gmel.) 

Rough-legged Buzzard, .. ..Archibuteo Lagopus, (Briin.) 
Spot‘ed Eagle,.. .. .. .-.Aquila nevia, (Gmel.) Mey. 
Jer-falcon, -» «» .-Faleo Gyrfalco, Linn, 

Red-footed Falcon, -. «. «+Tinnunculus vespertinus. (Linn.) 
Swallow-tailed Kite,.. .. ..Nauclerus furcatus, (Linn.) Vigors. 
Goshawk, -. -- .«. .-Astur palumbarius, (Linn.) Bechst. 


Montagu’s Harrier, .. .. «Circus cinerascens, (Mount.) 


' 


5 


Hawk Owl,.. .. . .. Surnia ulula, (Linn.) Bonap. 
Snowy Owl, (British : specimen, |Nyctea nivea, (Thunb.) 

Little Owl, #5 5 -Athene noctua, (Retz.) 

Great-eared Owl, [female sae ‘Budo maximus, Sibb. 

Tengmalm’s Owl, on .- Nyetale Tengmalmi, (Gmel.) Strickl. 


Order 2, Pasgeres, Cuv. 


Alpine Swift, ..  .. 2. 4. Cypselus Melba, Linn. 

Roller, fs - Coracias garrula, Linn. 
Bee-eater,[ 3 ritish specimen]. . Merops Apiaster, (Linn.) 
Dartford Warbler, .. . .. Sylvia undata, (Bodd.) 

Garden Warbler, (female, } . Sylvia hortensis, (Penn.) 
Vire-crested Regulus, ... «Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm. 
Plain-crowned Kinglet, .......Requlus proregulus, (Pall.) 
Black Redstart, [ Brit.specimen ] Ruticilla tithys, (Scop.) 
Blue-throated Warbler, .. . ..Cyanecula suecica, Linn. 
Alpine Accentor, .. ..  ..Accentor alpinus, Gmel. Bechst. 
Crested Tit, .. °..  «. ..Parus cristatus, Linn. 

White Wagtail,.. ..  ... ..Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.] 
Grey-headed Wagtail, .. . Motacilla flava, Linn. 

Rock Pipit, -s «+ «2». Anthus spinoletta, (Linn) 
Richard's Pipit,.. .. ... ..Amnthus Richardi, (Vieill.) 
White’s Thrush, .. ... ..Zwdus varius, Uorsf, 

Rock Thrush, .. .. ...  «.Zurdus saxatilis, Linn. 

Golden Oriole, ... .. ..  .«.Oriolus Galbula, Linn. 
Gold-vented Thrush, .. ..Pycnonotus aurigaster, (Vieill.) 
Great Ash-coloured Shrike [fem]Lanius Excubitor, Linn. 
Woodchat Shrike, .. .. ..Emneoctonus refus, (Briss.) 
Nuteracker, . +...  «.Nucifraga caryocatactes, (Linn.) Briss. 
Rose-coloured Ouzel[ Brit. spec} Pastor roseus, (Linn.) Temm. 
Red-winged Starling, .. ..Agelaius pheniceus, (Linn.) Vieill. 
Mountain Linnet, .. .. . ». Fringilla flavirostris, Linn, 

Cirl Bunting, .. ..+..  ~.Emberiza Cirlus, Linn. 

Ortolan Bunting, .. .. ..Emberiza hortulana, Linn. 
Lapland Bunting, . - ..Pleetrophanes lapponicus, (Linn.) Selb. 
Short-toed Lark, . -- Alauda brachydactyla, Temm. 
Crested Lark, .. . . .-Alauda cristata, Linn. 

Shore Lark, .. .. .. ..Otocoris alpestris, (Linn.) 
Parrot Cross-Bill, .. .. ..Lowxia pityopsittacus, Bechst. 
White-winged Cross-bill,.. ..Loxia leucoptera, Gmel. 


Order 8. Scaasores, III. 


American Cuckoo, .. .. ..Coccyzus americanus (Linn.) 
Great spotted Cuckoo, .. ..Oxylophus glandarius, (Linn.) 


Order 4, Columba, Lath. 


Rock Dove,.. .. .. «+  ++Columba Livia, Briss. 
Passenger Pigeon, .. .. ..Hctopistes migratorius, (Linn.) so 


Order 5. 


Barbary Partridge, .. -- 
Andalusian Hemipode, .. 
Virginian Colin, .. 


Order 6. 


Great Buzzard,.. .. ++ 
Little Buzzard,.. .. -- 


Order 7, 


Great Plover, 
Cream-coloured Courser,.. 
Kentish Plover, . 
Crane,.. Be 
Great White Heron,.. 
Egret, [British specimen, ] 
Squacco Heron,.. .. +> 
Buff-backed Heron,.. .-- 
American Bittern, 
Spoon-bill,.. .. -- 
White Stork, .. 
Black Stork, 
Spotted Redshank, 
Wood Sandpiper, 
Avocet, ae LL aaeenene 
Black-winged Stilt, .. 
Buff-breasted Sandpiper,. . 
Broad-billed Sandpiper, -. 
Schintz’s Sandpiper, 
Pectoral Sandpiper,.. 
Brown Snipe, 
Sabine’s Suipe,.. ..  -- 
Red-necked Phalarope, .- 
Ballion’s Crake, iy: 
Little Crake, 


oe oe 


Order 8. 


Spur-winged Goose,.. ++ 
Common Wild Goose, 
White-fronted Goose, 4 
Pink-footed Goose, .. -- 
‘Bernicle Goose,.. «- =. 
Red-breasted Goose, re 
Polish Swan, .. «+ == 
Whistling Swan, 

Bewick’s Swan,.. .- - 
American Swan, .- ae 
Ruddy Shieldrake, .. : 
American Wigeon, .-. -- 
Bimaculated Duck, .. .- 


6 


Galline, Linn. 
..Caccabis petrosa, (Lath.) 


.. Turnix gibraltaricus, (Gmel.) Gould. 
..Ortyz virginianus, (Linn.) Gray. 


Struthiones, Lath. 


..Otis trada, Linn. 
.. Otis tetrax, Linn. 


Gralle, Linn. 


.. Edicnemus crepitans, Temm. 
..Cursorius gallicus, (Gmel.) 

.- Charadrius cantianus, Lath. 
..Grus cinerea, Bechst. 

.. Ardea alba, Gmel. 

.. Ardea Garzetta, Linn. 

. Ardea comata, Pall. 

.. Ardea coromanda, Bodd. 
..Botaurus lentiginosus, Mont. 
..Platalea leucorodia, Linn. 
..Ciconia alba, Briss. 

..Ciconia nigra, Bechst. 

.. Totanus stagnalis, Bechst. 
..Totanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm. 
/Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linu. 

. Himantosus candidus, Bonn. 

.. Tringa refescens, Vieill. 

.. Tringa platyrhyncha, Temin. 

.. Tringa Schinzii, Brehm. 

.. Tringa pectoralis, Say. 
..Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach. 
..Gallinago Sabini, (Vigors ) 

.. Phalaropus hyperboreus. (Linn.) Cuvier. 
.. Ortygometra pygmea, (Naum.) 
..Ortygometra minuta, (\all.) 


Anseres, Linn. 


..Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph. 
.. Anser ferus, Gesn. 

.. Anser erythropus, (Linn.) Elem. 
..Anser brachyrhynchus, Baill. 
..Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) Steph. 
..Bernicla ruficollis, (Pall.) Steph. 

. Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrell. 

.. Cygnus ferus, Ray. 

.. Cygnus minor, Pall. 

.. Cygnus americanus, Sharpless. 
..Casarka rutila, (Pall.) 

..Mareca americana, (Gmel.) Steph. 
.- Querquedula bimaculata, (Penn.) 


Gadwall, .. 


Red-crested Whistling Duck, 3 


Scaup Pochard,.. .. 
Ferruginous Duck, 
Harlequin Garrot, 
Long-tailed Hareld, . 
Steller’s Western Duck, .. 
King Duck, aS 
Surf Scoter, 
Red-breasted Merganser,.. 
Hooded Merganser,.. 
Red-necked Grebe, .. 
Sclavonian Grebe, 

Great Auk,.. 

Manx Shearwater, 
Cinereous Shearwater, 
Wilson’s Petrel,.. 2 
Fork-tailed Petrel, .. 
Bulwer’s Petrel, 

Buffon’s Squa, .. 
Common Squa, .. 
Glaucous Gull, .. 
Teeland Gull, 

Little Gull, 

Sabine’s Gull, 

Ivory Gull, 

Caspian ‘Tern, te 
Gulled Billed Fem Ss 
Sandwith Tern,. 

Roseate Tern, .. 
White-winged Black Tern, 
Black Noddy, ; 3 


7 


-. Chaulelasmus strepera, (Linn.) 
.Branta rufina, (Pall.) Boie. 
.-Fuligula Marila, (Linn.) Steph. 
..Nyroca leucophthalma, (Bechst.) Flem. 
.-Clangula histrionica, (Linn.) Steph. 
.-Harelda glacialis, (Linn.) Leach. 
.-Eniconetta Stelleri, (Pall.) 

.. Somateria spectabilis, (Linn.) Steph. 
.-Oidemia perspicillata, (Linn.) Steph. 
..Mergus Serrator, Linn. 

..Mergus cucullatus, Linn. 

. -Prodiceps grisegena, (Bodd.) Lath. 
--Podiceps Cornutus, (Gmel.) ae 
..-Alca impennis, Linn. 

. -Puffinus Anglorum, Ray. 

..Puffinus cinereus, Gmel. 

.. Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl. 

.. Thalassidroma Leachii, (Temm.) 

.. Thalassidroma Bulweri, (J. & S.) Gould. 
..Stercorarius cephus, (Briin.) 

.. Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn. 

.. Larus glaucus, Briin. 

.. Larus leucopterus, Faber. 

.. Larus minutus, Pall. 

..Xema Sabini, Leach. 

..-Pagophila eburnea, (Gmel.) Kaup. 

.. Sterna caspia, Pall. 

.. Sterna anglica, Mont. 

.. Sterna cantica, Gmel. 

. Sterna paradisea, Briin. 
..Hydrocheidon nigra, (Linn.) 
..Andus stolidus, (Linn.) Catesby. 


The Accounts for the Year have been audited, and 


the General Financial Statement to March 31st, 1868, 
is appended to this report. 


The Museum, now containing a valuable and well- 
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and 


- Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not 


extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is 
highly creditable to the Town and County of Warwick, 


and deserves a much greater amount of support than it 


has of late years received. An excellent foundation has 
been laid, but much might be effected if adequate means 
were placed at the disposal of the Council. 


8 


A Catalogue of the Books in the Library has been made, 
to the 81st of December, 1867, and a copy will be sent to 
each Member. . 

The Council will be glad to receive presents of any works 
of Local interest, for the Library. 

J. O. Hatuiwett, Esq., F.R.S., has presented to the 
Library, copies of two of his valuable and interesting works 
—<‘The Calender of the Local Record of Stratford-upon- 
Avon’; and “ The History of New Place, Stratford-upon- 
Avon.” . 


Any Member wishing to take a Book from the Library, 
is particularly requested to see that an entry is made in 
the book kept for that purpose, which is on the Library 
table. The date must also be entered when the book is 
returned. 


Before Members are allowed to take Books out of the 
Library, a deposit of ten shillings is required. Some of 
the Books cannot be taken away from the Library. 


Owing to the losses, by death, of several subscribers 
during the past year, and the small number of additional 
members, the funds of the Society are in a less 
satisfactory condition than could be desired. A reference 
to the list of subscribers will show that only a few of the 
rich and influential residents in the County belong to the 
Society. Ifthe Members would solicit annual subscrip- 
tions from their friends and neighbours, it is probable 
that a considerable addition would be made to the funds 
of the Society. 

The Council have much pleasure in stating that the 
upper room has now been enlarged and otherwise 
improved, giving thereby increased accommodation for 


9 


specimens, so much needed, and will enable them to make 
many additions and important alterations which the 
crowded state of the rooms rendered essential. 


After the business of the Annual Meeting was finished, 
Dr. O’Cattacnan, D.C.L., F.8.A. (who occupied the 
chair), on being called upon, gave an interesting 
verbal account of the recent discovery of two human 
skeletons in the Park of Warwick Castle. It appears that 
this curious find was made by some labouring men, while 
employed in making a tiled drain, in that part of the park 
beyond the brook. The fact was kindly communicated to 
Dr. O'Callaghan by the Earl of Warwick, by whose per- 
mission the remains were subsequently exhumed for the 
Doctor’s inspection. He informed the meeting that in 
company with Mr. Durnford Greenway, he carefully 
examined the parts of the skeletons which could be put 
together after their first disturbance, and subsequent 
interment. He was quite satisfied that the skeletons 
were both of male adults. This he ascertained from the 
bones of the pelvis, and the full growth of the wisdom 
teeth. He also inferred that they were of extreme antiquity, 
and probably pre-historic, from the fact of their being 
buried in a doubled-up position, from the smallness of the 
‘bones, the shape of what remained of the cranium, and 
from the unworn projections of the grinding tezth. The 
latter fact, according to Petigrew, being the most certain 
indication of a savage people. The spot where these 
remains were found is about 160 yards from the bridge, 
over the brook, and about 15 yards from the walk, and on 
the side river of it. Dr. O'Callaghan in the next place re- 
called the attention of the members to his account of the dis- 
‘covery of a Roman cemetery in the grounds adjoining the 


10 


Priory House at Warwick ; and which he had the honor of 
reading to them at the previous annual meeting. The 
Doctor reminded his audience that his friend Mr. Bloxam 
on that occasion, refused to believe that this could have 
been a Roman burial place, as there was no _ historical 
evidence of local Roman occupation. However, in a few 
weeks after, Mr. Bloxam made a careful examination 
of the relics lately found in association with these ancient 
graves, and was perfectly satisfied as to their Roman 
character. This conviction he communicated to Dr. 
O'Callaghan in a private letter, and the Doctor thought 
he ought to mention the circumstance to the meeting, as 
so much importance was justly attached to Mr. Bloxam’s 
opinion on any subject of antiquarian investigation. 


The Rey. P. B. Bropm, M.A., F.G.S., gave a short 
viva voce account, (of which the following is an abstract,) 
of the recent discoveries of Mr. Moore, in the Lower Lias, 
in Somersetshire and South Wales, and of the occurrence 
of a new Reptile in the Lower Keuper at Warwick. 

He said—Having very lately, in this room, read a paper 
on the Lias, before the Warwickshire Naturalists’ Field 
Club, though the subject is by no means exhausted, I do 
not propose to occupy much time now in describing the 
history of this deposit, but the more recent discoveries of 
my friend, Mr. C. Moore, of Bath, in the lower Lias in 
Somersetshire and South Wales present so many striking 
and unlooked for facts that they are of special interest to all 
Geologists, especially those who. have studied the Lias 
more in detail. The beds of the lower Lias in the districts 
above referred to present some peculiarities of lithological 
structure not found elsewhere, especially where they come 
in contact with the Mountain limestone, to which in many 


11 


cases certain strata bear a remarkable affinity, and it is 
‘in this more altered and abnormal condition of the Lias 
that an almost new and very interesting not only marine 
but terrestrial and freshwater fauna has been obtained, 
the former of which is closely allied to certain deposits of 
similar age, and resting immediately on older rocks in 
France. Most of ihe more remarkable fossils have been 
detected in fissures in the carboniferous limestone of the 
Mendips and elsewhere, in one case ata depth of 260 feet, 
and the material filling up these cracks has been by its 
geological contents proved to be of Liassic age, a result 
hitherto unsuspected. In this he has discovered teeth of 
Mammalia (Microlestes), bones of a large land reptile 
(Scelidosauras), three genera of land shells belonging to 
new species, a seed vessel of chara (a freshwater plant), 
and two freshwater shells (Valvata and Planorbis), for the 
first time in the Lias. This is the earliest evidence 
afforded of any terrestrial pulmoniferous mollusks between 
the Tertiary formation and the coal, in which my friend 
Dr. Dawson, Principal of the College at Montreal, detected 
a small Pupa, and another new land shell (Zonites) in 
the carboniferous series of Nova Scotia. In addition to 
these there are a large assemblage of marine shells, chiefly 
small univalves, some few of which belong to new species, 
and others had been only previously noticed in con- 
temporaneous deposits on the continent, chiefly in France. 
Of corals, too, a very large number are recorded, a com- 
paratively small suite having been previously known in the 
Lias. In this important paper the author questions the 
value of zones of zoological life, in which I entirely concur, 
and observes that ‘‘ however convenient it may be to refer 
eertain forms to marked horizons, such as those known 


12 


as ‘‘Ammonite zones,” yet that with increasing knowlelye 
of the range of specific forms such limits are purely 
arbitrary and may mislead,” a point for which I contended 
in my paper on the Lias, read at the Winter Meeting of 
the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archeologists’ Field 
Club, in February last. Mr. Day in an able paper on the 
Lias at Lyme, read at the British Association in Birming- 
ham, 1866, maintains the same views and brings forward 
the strongest arguments to corroborate them. The portion 
of this paper which more distinctly relates to the physical 
and economical Geology of the district under review is 
equally important, but it will be unnecessary to say more 
here than to state that the author conclusively shews that 
the barrier of the Mendip chain of hills has to a great 
extent modified the physical features of the whole line of 
country from Frome, through a great part of South Wales, 
and shut out the secondary deposits from the coal basin, 
within which unconformability very generally prevails ; 
the mountain limestone having been for a long period 
within the influence of the Liassic seas, and that from 
the latter have been derived most of the lead, iron, and 
calamine with which the mineral veins are charged. We 
might, perhaps, expect to find land and freshwater shells 
associated with insects in that portion of the lower Lias 
in which the annulosa most abound, but hitherto they 
have not been met with, though probably in some favoured 
spot, not yet searched, they will one day be discovered. 
Freshwater mollusks abound in some deposits, such as 
the Wealden, Purbecks, and Tertiaries, but terrestrial 
air-breathing shells are usually rare, being most numerous 
in the Bembridge (Kocene) limestone, in the Isle of Wight, 
and certain foreign Tertiary deposits about the same age. 


13 


Where the conditions are equally favourable, as in the in 
stances above mentioned, for the preservation of a 
terrestrial or freshwater fauna, many such remains will no 
doubt be detected. Thus wherever we have a preponde- 
rance of insects and land plants, we may not unreasonably 
expect to meet with land shells in greater or less abundance. 

I wish, in conclusion, to mention to this meeting the 
discovery of a new reptile in the New Red Sandstone (the 
lower Keuper), at Coten End, Warwick. Our Museum 
possesses two portions of jaws, and they are so rare that 
only six British specimens are known: two in my possession, 
two in the Warwick Museum, and the other two belonging 
to my friend, Mr. G. Lloyd, and were procured, like the 
rest, many years ago by my old friend Dr. Lloyd, and both 
of us were under the impression that they were either 
distinct from the more common Labyrinthodont remains, 
or at any rate would form a new species. After a careful 
study, Professor Huxley has come to the conclusion that 
they are quite distinct, and he has given them the name of 
Hyperodapedon, and just at the present time they are of 
special interest and value, since their occurrence in the 
New Red Sandstone of this county, helps to determine the 
age of certain disputed sandstones at Elgin in Scotland, 
which contain remains of the same reptile, and which had 
been supposed to belong to the Old Red Sandstone, but 
must now be placed higher up in the Trias. They also 
fix the Geological horizon of certain Indian and African 
rocks, which yield the Hyperodapedon still more fre- 
quently. The British fossils consist of portions of jaws 
with teeth, which are remarkable for possessing a double 
row of teeth, in parallel rows, close together, and the 
other anotomical peculiarities will be pointed out by 


14 


Professor Huzley in his forthcoming Paper, at the Geolo- 
gical Society. The importance of this new fossil is greatly 
enhanced by the fact that there might be a possibility of 
finding coal under the now New Red Sandstone of the 
Scotch district round Elgin. Some of you are aware, no 
doubt, that the New Red Sandstone in America contains 
numerous well-preserved and remarkable footsteps, which 
have been long supposed to have been made by birds of 
various kinds as they waded over the mud of that ancient 
Triassic sea, and were consequently the oldest traces of 
this class known. It is true that some Paleontologists 
have assigned some of them to reptiles, and quite recently 
Professor Huxley has come to the conclusion that they 
belong rather to those singular flying reptiles the Ptero- 
dactyle, and that a curious mark (the hollow groove which 
runs along some of the slabs between the footprints), 
and which had long puzzled Naturalists, was made 
by the tail as the creature crawled or walked on its 
hind legs on the surface of the sand on the sea shore. 
But it does not, of course, follow that all of these 
impressions were made by these or other reptiles, and 
some, therefore, may still have belonged to birds. Accord- 
ing to Owen and Huxley, no similar footprints have been 
hitherto recognized in the New Red Sandstone of this 
country, although in places impressions which have been 
assigned to various genera of Salamander-like reptiles 
abound, but Professor Huxley thinks they may not have 
belonged to Labyrinthodont animals at all. 

The Winter Meeting of rue WarwicksHire Narurauists’ 
anpd ArcHmoLocists’ Firetp Civus was held in the Museum, 
Warwick, (by the kind permission of the Council of the 
Warwickshire Natural History Society), on Feb. 28th, 1867. 


‘A 


15 


In the absence of the President, the Rev. P. B. Brodie, 
Vice-President, occupied the chair. The Chairman, after 
a few introductory remarks, read the President’s address, 
which was entirely devoted to Archeology, relating chiefly 
to the Swiss Lake Dwellings. A paper on ‘ Modern 
Science and the Bible,” was then read by the Rev. P. B. 
Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., (Vice-President.) 


The Vice-President having made a few brief remarks, 
next called upon Mr. Parker, who gave a viva voce account 
of the water supply of ancient Rome, which was illustrated 
by drawings and photographs. 


W. H. Corrtenp, Hsq., (Fellow of Pembroke College, 
Oxford), F.G.S., then read a paper on “the volcanic 
hills forming the chain of the Puys, near Clermont, 
Auvergne, central France.” : 


This was followed by a short paper on a question of 
Natural History, by the Rey. W. Johnson. 


The first summer meeting of the season was held at 
Rugby, on May the 22nd, which was very well attended. 
The school museum was first visited, which contains a 
well-arranged and creditable loeal collection of fossils and 
other things of great service in the Natural History 
lectures, which now (and very properly) form part of the 
eurriculum of the school. 


The party then went to Mr. Bloxam’s, the well-known 
Antiquary, where a small, but interesting and valuable 
-collection of antiquities was exhibited. ‘The various Lias 
quarries in the neighbourhood were next visited, in the 
following order, the ‘lima beds’ at New Bilton, thence to 
Holbrook, where the club were hospitably entertained at 
luncheon by Mr. Caldecott. 


16 


Passing the once famous Lawford quarries, long since 
closed, a short examination was given to some comparatively 
recent fluviatile drift on the banks of the river, in which 
many bones of deer, bison, water-rat, &c., have been 
found, with anodous and other river shells and a few flint 
implements, of which the Rugby school museum has a 
large and interesting collection. 

After leaving Holbrook, a careful search was made 
in the white lias at Newnham, where a few of the usual 
characteristic fossils were obtained, the last quarry visited 
at Newbold exhibited a good section of the ‘lima beds,” 
similar to that at New Bilton. A new species of Discina 
(D. Holdeni), attached to an ammonite (in groups) and 
monotis were discovered by Mr. Clemenshaw, at this pit. 
. A clay pit near the town, higher in the series, yielded 
numerous specimens of Ammonites Sauzianus, and other 
fossils. 

On June 24th, 1867, the club held their summer field 
meeting, extending as usual over several days, at Welshpool 
and North Shropshire. Arriving at Welshpool, at three 
o’clock, a small party under the guidance of the Rector, 
visited Powis Castle, from which a fine view is obtained 
of the Briedden and other hills, and afterwards spent the 
rest of the afternoon in the celebrated Trilobite dingle, 
where sections of the Bala (or Caradoc) beds are exposed 
and abound in remains of Trinucleus, a very fine entire 
specimen of which was obtained, and a few Ampyx. 


On Tuesday morning, an early start was made to Chir- 
bury, driving through a beautiful country to the picturesque 
Marrington Dingle, thence to Cornden hill, from the summit 
of which a splendid view is obtained on all sides, over- 
looking the whole range of the Longmynd on the south 


17 


east, the mining district of Shelve on the south, and the 
most distant Welsh mountains, including Cader Idris, on 
the north west. After a careful search, no fossils were 
found either in Marrington Dingle or the Cornden, until 
the more fossiliferous Llandeilo flags were reached at 
Rorrington and Mincop, but many interesting sections of 
lower Silurian strata were exposed, in conjunction with 
volcanic rocks, so common in this district. At Rorrington 
and Mincop, Ogygia Selwini, Lingula, and other 
characteristic fossils were found. After a long walk of 
sixteen miles, the party reached Worthen, their head 
quarters, about 7.30. 

On Wednesday they were joined by the Revd. J. La 
Touche, and walked to Shelve, vid Brownlow, by Shelve 
Church to Ritton Castle and the Stiper stones. A few 
fossils were obtained in the black lower Llandeilo shales 
at Ritton, including an entire ‘ Illenus perovalis.’ The 
stiper stones consist of sandstone of lowest Silurian age, 
much altered by heat by adjacent igneous action, and 
contain rare but occasional traces of animal life of the 
earliest period. The igneous or ‘trap rocks’ of the Corn- 
den hill throw off lower Silurian strata of the Llandeilo 
formation, which throughout the whole of this district are 
‘more or less effected by and brought into contact with 
igneous rocks. Shelve is also celebrated as a mining 
district, many lead veins occurring in the Llandeilo 
formation. The whole of this country is of special interest, 
because it represents, on a smaller scale, the grander 
development of the same rocks throughout a large portion 
of Wales. 

- The homeward journey was made by the Gravel’s Mine, 
-across the pretty Hope Valley to Worthen. On Thursday, 


18 


the members visited Mincop again, through Bitton Dingle, 
to Meadowtown, where the upper Llandeilo flags are 
charged with innumerable ‘ Ogygia Buchii” in their young 
stage. On Friday, two of the party left for a tour in Wales. 
The Revs. P. B. Brodie and J. La Touche visited the 
lower Llandeilo flags at Mytton dingle, a picturesque 
mountain gorge on a small scale, where a few fossils were 
found, amongst them a nearly perfect ‘Calymene parvifrons’ 
a local and somewhat rare lower Silurian Trilobite. This 
terminated a most agreeable and instructive excursion. 


The third and last meeting of the season was held at 
Banbury, on the 9th of September, being the Archxological 
day. The party first visited Warrington Church, built 
in the fourteenth century. The door at the west end is a 
good decorated work, with a window over it of same style. 
The upper windows are of later date, and belong to the 
perpendicular style. The roof is of original plain timber 
work. Some encaustic tiles, and an iron door-handle of 
much interest, are preserved. There was no time to visit 
the ancient Manor-house. Thence the members proceeded 
to Edge hill, where Mr. Fetherston, the Archeological 
Secretary, gave a description of the battle. Proceeding 
along the ridge of Edge hill, the members visited Compton ~ 
Winyates, tke well-known seat of the Marquess of 
Northampton. 

The family of Compton have been certainly resident in 
Warwickshire, since the reign of King John, or perhaps 
earlier than that period. Perhaps no family recorded in 
English history were more conspicuous for their valour 
and for the part they took in political affairs, than the 
Comptons, in the sixteenth or seventeenth centuries. Sir 
William Compton, who built the greater part, was highly 


; 
i 


19 
in favour with Henry VIII, and by him was made 
Chancellor of Ireland, and enriched by many emoluments. 
Indeed, Henry VIII is said to have paid him a visit at 
Compton. The house forms a quadrangle, and is built of 
brick, with stone facings and garnishments.. Perhaps the 
best example of a moulded brick-work chimney is to be 
found when entering upon the leads near the ancient 
Roman Catholic Chapel, in the roof. In the Chapel is to 
be found a very rare, and we might say unique specimen 
of a wooden altar, still marked with five crosses. It 
is not of oak, but of elm. In the hall is preserved an 
ancient leather drinking-bottle, and in the drawing-room a 
chimney piece, the centre panel is of excellent carved 
Elizabethan work, brought from Canonbury, in the parish 
of Islington, formerly the seat of Sir John Spencer. The 
house was besieged by the Parliamentarians in the civil 
wars, and there is a tradition that eight officers were 
killed in one room, at the extremity of the eastern end of 
the quadrangle. Spencer, Harl of Northampton, whose 
horse stumbled at the skirmish of Hopton Heath, in some 
rabbit burrows, was butchered upon the spot by the 
Parliamentarians. The Church of Compton Winyates 
contains little of interest. The only mutilated remains of 
the monuments of the Compton family, consist of a 
helmet, scabbard, gauntlets, swords, spurs, &c., still 
hanging upon the north wall of the Church. Brailes 
Church was next visited. It is chiefly remarkable for the 
ornamental parapet of stone which surrounds it, and also 
for the mutilated remains of the monuments of the later 
end of the fourteenth century, on the south side of the 
Churchyard. The interior contains nothing of antiquarian 
interest, if we except the curious chest still preserved in 


20 


the vestry, and which we believe has been engraved. The 
interior is only remarkable for its disfigurement by the 
exceedingly high pews, and for its high pulpit, placed 
without the chancel arch, immediately in front of the 
altar. After leaving Brailes, the party proceeded to 
Swaclifte, and proceeded to the Church, which is dedicated 
to St. Peter and St. Paul. The fine structure is partly of 
the fourteenth century, and other portions of an earlier 
date, and is restored with great taste. In the Church 
some monuments of the sixteenth century, to the Wykeham 
family, of the same extraction as the celebrated William 
of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester. 


21 


Anditions to the Museum and Library. 


GEOLOGY. 
DONATIONS. 


‘An Ammonite, probably Cretacious. Presented by Mrs. Turner, Lans- 
downe-place, Leamington. 


Clausila Dalmatina, Dalmatia. 
Lapicide (Helix) Scabriwscula, Dalmatia. 
Ogygia Buchii (Young), Llandeilo flags, Salop. 
Trinucleus Concentricus (head), Caradoc Sandstone, 
Welshpool. 
Ogygia Selwini, Llandeilo flags, Salop. 
Lingula attenuata, Llandeilo flags, Salop. 
Calymene parvifrons, Llandeilo flags, Salop. 
Monotis papyria, Lima Bed, Lower Lias, !Rugby, 
Thatis minor, Lower Greensand, Atherfield, Isle of Presented 


Wight. by the Rev. 
Rostellaris glabra, Atherford, Isle of Wight. P. B. Brodie. 
Parastrea stricta, ditto, ditto. 

Two other Corals, ditto, ditto. 
Potamides carbonarius, Wealden, Brixton 
Cypris tuberculosa. } Isle of Wight. 


Unio Valdensis, Wealdon Brook, Isle of Wight. 
Potaosnmya gregarin, Headon, Isle of Wight. 
Univales, Hempstead, Isle of Wight. 
Melania ecarinata, Isle of Wight. 
Cyprides, Isle of Wight. 
Two specimens of White Lias, from Loxley, with Markings upon 
them (?). Presented by J. Cove Jones, Esq. 
Slab of ‘Guinea bed,’ with Hemipedina Tomesii, from Lower Lias, 
Binton. Presented by R. F. Tomes, Esq. 
Waldheimia quadrata. 
Ditto Davisoni, (n.s.) 
Plicatula Carteroniana, Lower Green Sand, Upware, 
Cambridgeshire. 
Footprints of Labyrinthodon, the Upper Keuper, 
Shrewley. 


Presented 
by the Rev. 
P: B: Brodie. 


22 


Tropidaster pectinatus, Middle Lias, Chipping Campden, Gloucester- 
shire. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 
A very fine Coral, from Wenlock Limestone, Upper Silurian, 
Woolhope, Herefordshire. 
Presented by the Rev. F. Merewether, Rector of Woolhope, through 
the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 
One of the Pentatomidez, Insect beds, Brown’s Wood, Moreton Bagot, 
Lower Lias. 
Septastrea Fromenteli, Lima Beds, Harbury. 
Montlivaltia Victoria (Duncan), Middle Lias, Cherrington, Worcester- 
shire. 
Parts of a Side Spine (Icthyodorulite), Upper Keuper, Shrewley. 
Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 
Fossils and Minerals from Nova Scotia. Presented by the Rev. J. Torre. 
Fossils and Minerals (various). Presented by Miss Pask, of Leamington, 
through Dr. O'Callaghan. 


LIBRARY. 
DONATIONS. 


The Life of Dr. Warneford, Founder of the Leamington Hospital, 
Oxford, 1855. 
The Night March of King Charles the First from Oxford, 3rd June, 
1645. By the Rev. V. Thomas, B.D. 
Presented by the Rev. Edmund Roy. 

The Calender of the Stratford Records.—The History of New Place, 
Stratford-upon-Avon. Presented by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S. 
Account of Coins found at Holwell, Leicestershire, communicated to 

the Numismatic Society, London. : 
Presented by the Author, the Rev. Asheton Pownall, M.A., F.G.S. 
Report of Zetland Anthropological Expedition. By Ralph Tate, F.G.S. 
F.A.S.Z. 
Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 
Antiquitates rutupina, Autore Joanne Botteby S.T.P. Oxon, 1745. 
Presented by J. C. Jones, Esq. , 
Proceedings of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archzologists’ Field 
Club. Presented by the Field Club. 


a . - 


23 


Report of the Rugby School Natural History Society, 1867. Presented 
by F. H. Kitchener, Esq. 

Catalogue of the Shakesperian Museum, Stratford-upon-Avon. 
Presented by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 
DONATIONS. 
Skulls and Roman Pottery, from the Grounds immediately joining the 
Priory House. Presented by T. Lloyd, Esq. 
Hat and Dress from South America. Presented by Mrs. Turner, of 
Leamington. 
Recent Shells, 7 univalve and 1 bivalvé. Presented by C. H. Brace- 
bridge, Esq. 
Series of Land (chiefly), some freshwater and marine Shells from the 
West Indies. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie. 


LIBRARY. 
PURCHASES. 
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 20, third series. 
Vol 1, fourth series. 
Camden Society Publications :— 
No. 94. Dingley’s History from Marble: Part 1. 
No. 25. Levins’ Manipulus Mabulorum. 
Geological Magazine. No. 85 to 46. 
Paleontographical Society's Publications :— 
Vol. 21.—Plants of the Carboniferous strata. _ Part 1. 
Supplement to the Fossil Corals. Part IV, No. 2. Liassic. 
Cretaceous Echinodermata. Vol.I. Part 2. 
Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone. Part 1. 
Pleisocene Mammalia. Part II. 
Popular Science Review. Part 25 to 28. 
Ray Society's Publications :— 
A Monograph on the Structure and Development of the 
Shoulder Girdle and Sternum in the Vertibrata. By 
W. Kitchener Parker, F.R.S., F.Z.S. 
A Monograph of the British Spongiada Bowerbank. Vol. II. 
Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown. Vol.-II. 


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25 
OFELCERS.OF THE.SOCLETY, 


1868-69. 


PATRON. 


Tue Ricut Honovraste THE Hart of Warwick. 


PRESIDENT. 


James Ducpatz, Esa. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS. 


Tur Ricut Honovraste tHE Eart or AYLESFORD. 
Cuartes Houte Bracesrivce, Esa. 
Water Henry Bracesrivce, Esa. 

Tae Ricgut Honourasne Lorp Dormer. 
Tue Ricut Honovraste toe Hart or Camperpown. 
Epwarp Greaves, Esa. 
Ricuarp Greaves, Esa. 

James Cove Jones, Esq, F.S.A., M.N.S. 
Tue Ricut Honovraste Lorp Lercn, F.Z.S. 
Grorce Luoyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S, 

Sir Cartes Morpavunt, Bart., M.P. 

Sir Gzorce Ricnarp Parmuiprs, Barr. 

Marx Pumps, Hsa, 

Kvetyn Pamir Surruey, Hsa., F.S.A. 

; Joun Staunton, Esa. 
Tur Ricut Honovraste Lorp Wiitovessy pe Broxs, 
Henry CuristorHer Wise, Esa., M.P. 


HONORARY SECRETARIES. 
Tue Rev. Peter Betuweer Bropim, M.A., F.G.S. 


Joun Wittiam Kirsuaw, F.G.§. 


26 
HONORARY OURATORS. 


Geologn and Mineralogy. 


The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S. | JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S. 
GEORGE LLOYD, Ese., M.D., F.G.S R. F. TOMES, Esq., F.Z.S. 
WILLIAM VAUGHAN RUSSELL, Esq., F.G.S, 


Hotany. 


FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq, F.B.S,E. 


Zoology. 


GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M_D., F.G-S. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esgq., F.Z,S- 
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, BA. 


Archwologn. 


MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esa | JOHN FETHERSTON, 
W. B. DICKINSON, Esq , M.R.C.S. 
P, O'CALLAGHAN, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.As 


Tun., Esq.,F.8.A. 


Pibrary. 


CHARLES DURNFORD GREENWAY, Esq. 


TREASURER. 
EDWARD GREAVES, Esq. 
AUDITOR. 
KELYNGE-GREENWAY, Ese 
COUNCIL. 
The PATRON THOMAS COTTON, Esa. 
The PRESIDENT MAJOR GENERAL JOHN H. FREER’ 
The VICE-PRESIDENTS The REV. PHILIP S. HARRIS. 
The HONORARY SECRETARIES THOMAS LLOYD, Esa. 
The HONORARY CURATORS W. H. PARSEY, Esq.,; M.D. 
The TREASURER JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS, Ese. 
The AUDITOR THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Esq 
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Eso. THOMAS THOMSON, Esq., M.D. 


The REV. WILLIAM BREE. JOHN TIBBITS, Ese., M.D. 


eee ee ee 


27 
LIST OF MEMBERS, 


1868. 


HONORARY MEMBERS. 


Tre Rev. Apam Scpewicx, B.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., 
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and 

- Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of 
Cambridge, dc. 


Rosert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.SS.L. & E., F.R.C.P.E. 
F.L.S8., F.G.8., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy 
and Zoology at the University College, igs. dc., Grafton 
Place, Huston Square, London. 


Joun Pumps, Esa., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.8., Professor of 
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University 
of Oxford, éc., Oxford. 


Lizvutenant-CononeL Winiim Henry Sykes, M. P., 
F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.8., &., 47, Albion Street, Hyde 
Park, London. 


Samuet Biroz, Esq., LL.D., F.8.A., Keeper of Oriental 
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of the 
Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin, 
Gottingen, Herculaneum, dc., dc. 


Apert Way, Esg., M.A., F.8.A., Hon. See. of the British 
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the ‘* Comité des 
Arts et Monuments, Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey. 


Grorce Luoyp, Esa., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham Heath. 


28 
MEMBERS. 


THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS. 


The Right Honourable Harl of Aylesford, Packington Hall, 

Vice-President. 
Jf W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington. 

Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick. 

Richard Barnett, Esq., Coten End, Warwick. 

William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington: 

Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq.. Rugby, Hon. Curator. 

*Charles Holte Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice- 
President. 

The Rev. William Bree, Allesley, near Coventry, Membe 
of Council. 

Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sher- 
bourne, Vice-President. 

The Rey. Peter Bellinger Brodie,“ M.A., F.G.S., Rowing- 
ton, Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator. 

-” John Coulson Bull, Esq., Leamington. 
- Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke 
and Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron. 

William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrooke Grange, near 
Rugby. 

P. O'Callaghan, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A., Leaming- 
ton, Member of Council. 

“ A. Cameron Campbell, Esq., Monzie, Scotland, and 

Leamington. 

Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick. 

Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick. 


29 


Thomas Cotton, Esq.. Park-field House, Kenilworth, 
Member of Council. 
Thomas B. Dale,” Esq.,*; Warwick 
~Y William Binley Dickinson, Esq., M.B.C.S., M.N.S., Novs, 
Lansdowne Circus, Leamington, Hon. Curator. 
The Right Honourable* Joseph} Thaddeus Dormer, Lord 
Dormer, Grove Park, Vice-President. 
The Right Honourable the Earl of Camperdown, Vice- 
President. 
James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, President. 
John Fetherston, Jun., Esq., F.S.A., Packwood House, 
Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator. 
Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq., Maxstoke Castle, near 
Coleshill. 
James B. Elkington, Esq., Packwood House, Birmingham. 
Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Kenilworth, Member 
of Council. 
Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill. 
“ John Goodhall, Ksq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick. 
*Hdward Greaves, Esq., Avonside, Barford, Vice-President 
and Treasurer. « 
Richard Greaves, Hsq., Cliff House, Warwick, Vice- 
President. 
Miss Greenway, Warwick. 
Kelynge |Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 
Charles Durnford Greenway, Esq., Hon. Curator. 
‘4 The Rev. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, 


} Leamington. 

; Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, 
7 London, W.C. 
Sir Robert N. C. Hamilton, Bart., K.C.B. Avon-Clif, 
; Stratford-on-Ayon. : 


— 


30 


The Rev. Philip 8. Harris, Leycester Hospital, Warwick 
Member of Council. 

The Rev. 8. C. Hamerton, Northgate, Warwick. 

Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

Richard Child Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon. 

/ Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M.R.C.S., Leamington. 

The Rey. Thomas Jackson, Hatton. 

The Rev. John Jameson, M.A., High Street, Warwick. 

James Cove Jones, Hsq., F.8.A., M.N.S., Loxley House,. 
Vice-President. 

A. Keene, Esq., Eastnor House, Leamington. 

F. HE. Kitchener, Esq., Rugby, F.L.S. 

Miss Kimberly, Warwick. 

John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary 
and Hon. Curator. 

Thomas Lloyd, Esq., the Priory, Warwick, Member of 
Council. 

The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh, 
F.Z.S., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President. 

The Rey. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy. 

Mr. James Mallory, Warwick. 

John Moore, Esq,, Warwick. 

Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., Walton, Vice-President. 

George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick. 

Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick. 

The Rey. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton. 

William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton, Member of 
Council. ; 

Arthur Wellesley Peel, M.P., Sandy, Bedfordshire. 

The Rev. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New 
Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C. 


31 


Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near 
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President. 
Mark Philips, Hsq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice- 
President. 
The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., Beauchamp Terrace Hast, 
Leamington. 
Josiah Yeomans Robins, Esq., Myton, Member of Council. \ 
The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth. 
William Vaughan Russell, Esq., F.C.8., Leamington, 
Hon. Curator. : 
Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street, 
Leamington, Member of Council. X. 
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F'.S.A., Hatington Park, 
near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President. 

William Smith, Esq., Warwick. 

John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council. 

Henry Summerfield, Hsq., Warwick. 

Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terraee. 
Leamington, Vice-President. 

Sir Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland, 
Faringdon, Vice-President. 

John Tibbits, Esq., M.D., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Welford. near Strat- 
ford-on-Avon, Hon. Curator. 

The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator. 

Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.S,E., Oakfield, 
Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

‘ William Walker, Esq., Warwick. 

James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford- 
upon-Avon. 

«George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bed- 
worth. 


52 


The Right Honourable Henry Verney, Lord Willoughby- 
de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President. 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek 
Wootton, Vice-President. 
J. Wimbridge, Esq., Warwick. 

J Sir Trevor Wheler, Bart., Leamington. 
Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby. 
The Rey. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash. 


1836—1853 


1853—1869 


1836—1837 
1837—1838 
1838—1839 
1839—1840 
1840—1841 


1841—1842 
1842—1°43 
1843—1844 
1844—1845 
1$45—1846 
1846—1847 


1847—1848 
1848—1849 
1849—1850 
1850—1851 
185I—I852 
1852—1853 
1853—I854 
1854—1855 
1855—I856 
1856—I857 


1857—1858 
1858—I859 
1859—I860 
1860—I86I 
186I—1862 
1862—1863 
1863—I1864 
1864—I865 
1865—I866 
1866—I867 
1867—1868 


1868—I£69 


33 


Mist of Patrons and residents, 
From 1836 to 1869. 


PARIS AAP AR RADAR, 


PATRONS. 


THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY RICHARD GREVILLE 
EARL BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK, K.T., LL.D. 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, EARL 
BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK. 


PRESIDENTS. 


CHANDOS LEIGH, ESQ., F.H-S. 

SIR JOHN MORDAUNT, BART., M.P. 

SIR JOHN EARDLEY EARDLEY WILMOT, BART., M.P., F.R.S. 

WILLIAM HOLBECHE, ESQ., F.G.S. 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, LORD 
BROOKE. 

CHARLES HOLTE BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ. 

WILLIAM STAUNTON, ESQ. 

SIR FRANCIS LAWLEY, BART., F.HS,, F.Z.S. 

SIR GRAY SKIPWITH, BART. 

SIR JOHN ROBERT CAVE BROWNE CAVE, BART. 

THE MOST HONOURABLE SPENCER JOSHUA ALWYNE 
COMPTON, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON, D.C.L., Prestpent 
‘R.S., F.S.A., Hon. M.RI.A., F.G.S. 

EVELYN JOHN SHIRLEY, ESQ., MP. 

THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH. 

SIR THEOPHILUS BIDDULPH, BART. 

CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ. 

MARK PHILIPS, ESQ. 

HENRY CHRISTOPHER WISE, ESQ. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. .- 

WALTER HENRY BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ. 

CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ. : 

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH, LORD 
LEIGH, F.Z.S. 

EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ. 

THE REV. VAUGHAN THOMAS, B D. 

SIR GEORGE RICHARD PHILIPS, BART. 

EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P. 

EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. 

RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ. 

RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ. 

JAMES COVE JONES, ESQ., F.S A., M.N.S. 

JAMES COVE JONES, ESQ., F.S,A., M.N.S. 

JAMES DUGDALE, ESQ. 


34 


The Meetings of the Council are held on the First 
Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January, 
and the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Easter week. 


The Musrum is open daily to the Members and their 
Friends from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of 
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Eleven 
o’clock to Four between the First of November and the 
last day of February. 


Non-Subscribers are admitted on payment of an 
admission fee of sixpence each. 


The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on 
Mondays and Tuesdays. 


The Annual Subscriptions for 1868 are due on the 24th 
day of May; and the Council request that the Subscribers 
will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at the Bank 
of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, Warwick ; 
or to Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of 
Subscriptions, Leicester Street, Leamington. 


PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK. 


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WARWICKSHIRE 


NATURAL HISTORY 


AN 


ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 


ESTABLISHED MAY 24rx, 1836. 


THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 


OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS, 
READ AT THE 


ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 28rd, 1869. 


In presenting the annual report, the Council congratulate 
the Members on the continued prosperity of the Society. 

Some valuable additions have been made to the Museum 
and Library, by donation and purchase, during the past 
year. 

The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arrang- 
ing a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and 
some of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small 
but judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when 
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon 
make the entire Geological collection most valuable and 
instructive, and one of the best out of London. At present 
the collections of Natural History and Geology form a 
good educational medium for all classes, and it is of the 
utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency. 

The fine example of the “ Megacerous ”—“ Fossil deer of 
Treland,” from Lough Gur, near Limerick, which was 
presented to the Society by Richard Greaves, Esq., is now 
placed in the Geological room of the Museum. 


2 


Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is 
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the 
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be 
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than 
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a 
collection properly, and for the same reason it is much 
less profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes of 
general instruction. 


Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, 
there are several formations which are still very defective, 
amongst which may be enumerated the following :—The 
Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce, 
Headon hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. London 
Clay Fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and Lower 
Greensand, Great QOolite, Devonian and Lower Silurian 
will be very acceptable. The aid of the members is particu- 
larly requested in procuring fossils from the County, 
especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian, as it 
should be the chicf aim of all Jocal Museums to have as fine 
a suite as possible from the strata which occur in the 
immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire 
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out. 


ARCHAOLOGY. 
The Roman Coffin, found in the excavation for the rail- 
way near Alcester, which was purchased for the Society, 
has been set up at the entrance-door of the Museum. 


BRITISH MAMMALIA. 

Although no addition has been made to the British 
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the 
collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assistance 
in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which migrate, 
end which therefore in some species can only be obtained as 
stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and though some, 


3 


are rarer than others, all may be obtained with tolerable 
certainty, by those residing in such parts of the country as 
they are known to inhabit. With the exception of the 
marine species, such as the Whales and Porpoises, there 
are none which might not take their place in our collection 
of British fere. We have already some of the largest of the 
land animals, as the Red Deer and Roebuck, both presented 
by Edward Greaves, Esq. A mounted specimen of the 
Fallow Deer, and of the two kinds of Martin, i.e. the 
yellow breasted and tbe white breasted Martin, would go 
far towards the completion of the terrestrial Mammalia of 
Great Britain. We earnestly hope that some friends to 
this Institution will kindly furnish one or other of these 
desiderata. Of the smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and 
Bats, a few kinds are wanting, but these the Curators 
believe they shall before long be able to supply. 


ENTOMOLOGY. 

The Rev. W. Bree and Mr. J. S. Baty have kindly con- 
sented to commence a Collection of British Insects. A 
Cabinet of thirty drawers has been purchased. The present 
cabinet is calculated to contain the Aculeate Hymenoptera, 
the whole order of Coleoptera, and the early tribes of 
Lepidoptera; when the arrangement of these groups is 
completed it is hoped that the funds of the Society will be 
sufficient to purchase a second cabinet, to contain the 
remaining orders of British Insects, and the Council have 
already received the following donations :— 

A small collection of Lepidoptera from the Rev. 8. C. 
Hamerton, as well as from the Rev. W. Bree. 

Several hundred Aculeate Hymenoptera and Coleoptera 
from Mr. F. Smith. 

A few rare Coleoptera from Mr. Waterhouse. 

Several hundred Hymenoptera and Coleoptera from 
Mr. J. 8. Baly. 


4 


They have also received promises of Insects from Mr, 
Newman, editor of the Zoologist, Mr. Janson, and several 
other leading London Entomologists. 

The majority of scientific Entomologists residing in or 
near London, have confined their researches principally to 
the Metropolitan district or to the Southern counties of 
England; consequently the Midland counties present an 
almost unworked field, which must contain very many 
interesting novelties. 

Warwickshire from its high state of cultivation has but 
few waste spots, on which Insects usually abound, but’ its 
varied soil and numerous woods will doubtless yield great 
results to the efforts of a zealous collector. Those of our 
members living in the country are earnestly solicited to 
preserve and forward to our Curators any specimens that 
may fallin their way. Lepidoptera may be captured in 
pill-boxes and killed by means of a few drops of Chloroform. 
Coleoptera and other orders should be put into a bottle in 
which has been previously placed a small quantity of bruised 
laurel leaves, the prussic acid contained in the leaves not 
only very quickly killing the Insects but also preserving 
them fresh, and in a state for setting for a considerable 
length of time, 


ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION. 

When the repairs of the Museum were brought toa close, 
the room containing the collection underwent a thorough 
cleaning, and the specimens were taken out, examined, 
carefully cleaned, and returned to the cases. The windows 
of the rooms, the approaches to which were awkwardly 
blocked up with cases, were relieved of their obstructions, 
the specimens which were in these cases being transported 
to their proper places in the series to which they respectively 
belonged. But the most important change which has been 
made in this department, is the separation of the British 


5 


from the Exotic species. In nearly all the extensive Natural 
History Museums in Europe the native species are now 
fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately been 
the case in our National Museum, and whereas the 
observer had before this change to seek laboriously through 
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated 
specimens which had formed the collection of some 
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel 
Montague,—he may now see them all placed side by side 
in the gallery devoted to British Zoology. And with them 
he may also see ranged the gems from the collection of the 
late Mr. Yarrell. The advantage of such an arrangement 
is obvious. 


It has been observed, with great truth, “that you cannot 
vie with the larger Museums in a general collection, but 
you may excel thei if you confine yourselves to a purely 
local collection.” Fully agreeing with this opinion, the 
Hon. Curators, while enlarging the collection of British 
Birds, purpose to do so, as much as possible, by means of 
specimens obtained in Warwickshire, or the contigious 
Counties. They offer these remarks in the hope that the 
friends of the Institution will assist them in carrying out 
their views, by donation of some of the species forming 
the following list of desiderata :— 


Order 1. Accipitress, Linn. 


. Neophron Percnopterus, (Linn.) 


Egyptian Vulture, .. .. 
.Gyps fulvus, (Gmel.) 


Griffon Vulture, a 


Rough-legged Buzzard, --Archibuteo Lagopus, (Briin.) 
Spotted Eagle,.. .. .. ..Aquila nevia, (Gmel.) Mey 
Jer-falcon, - «- «+ «Kaleo Gyrfalco, Linn. 

Red- footed Galcon «see 6. Linnunculus vespertinus, (Linn.) 
Swallow-tailed Kite,.. ...  ..Nauclerus furcatus, (Linn.) Vigors, 
Goshark, .. .- ++ ++ ».dstur palumbarius, (Linn,) Bechst, 
Montagu’s Harrier, ++ ++ «Circus cinerascens, (Mont.) 

Hawk Owl,. Be -Surnia ulula, (Linn.) Bonap. 
Snowy Owl, (British specimen, ] Nyctea nivea, (Thunb.) 

Little Owl,. se 3 . Athene noctua, (Retz. ) 


Great-eared Owl, (female, } ». Bubo maximus, Sibb. 
Tengmaim’s Owl, .. .. «.Nyctale) Tengmalmi, (Gmel.) Strick). 


Order 2. 


Alpine Swift, .. -- 
Roller, eens ane 
Bee-eater, [British specimen}. 
Dartford Warbler, - 
Garden Warbler, [female, | 
Fire-crested Regulus, 
Plain-crowned Kinglet, 


Black Redstart, [ Brit. specimen] Ruticilla tithys, 
.. Cyanecula suecica, 
..Accentor alpinus, Gmel. Bechst. 
..Parus cristatus, Linn. 
.Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.] 
.Motacilla flava, Linn. 
..Anthus spinoletta, (Linn.) 

.. Anthus Richardi, (Vieill.) 

.. Turdus varius, Horsf. 

.. Turdus sazatilis, Linn. 
.Oriolus Galbula, Linn. 

. Pycnonotus aurigaster, (Vieill.) 


Blue-throated Warbler, 
Alpine Accentor, .- 
Crested Tit, ... «. «+ 
White Wagtail,.. 47 
Grey-headed Wagtail, . 


Rock Pipit,.. .. .. 
Richard’s Pipit,.. .- 
White’s Thrush, sion) ‘ets 
Rock Thrush, .. «.. «- 
Golden Oriole, .. «.- «+ = 
Gold-vented Thrush, 


. 
. 
. 


oe . 


oe 


o- 


oe 


6 


Passeres, Ouv. 


Cypselus Melba, Linn. 
Coracias garrula, Linn, 
Merops Apiaster, (Linn.) 
Sylvia undata, (Bodd.) 
Sylvia hortensis, (Penn.) 
Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm. 
Regulus proregulus, ( Pall.) 
(Scop.) 
Linn. 


Great Ash-colouredShrike[fem]Lanius Excubitor, Linn. 


Woodchat Shrike, 
Nutcracker, s ix 


Rose-coloured Ouzel[Brit.spec]Pastor roseus, 
.Agelaius phaeniceus, 
..Fringilla flavirostris, Linn. 

.Emberiza Cirlus, Linn. 

..Emberiza hortulana, Linn. 
.Plectrophanes lapponicus, (Linn.) Selb. 
.Alauda brachydactyla, Temm. 

.Alauda cristata, Linn, 

..Otocoris alpestris, (Linn.) 


Red-winged Starling, .. - 
Mountain Linnet, .. .. 
Carl PB ADEN sf ieeh en eis w tienk = 
Ortolan Bunting .. .«-. 
Lapland Bunting .. .. - 
Short-toed Lark, .. .. .- 
Crested Lark,..3 “5 si J 
Shore Lark, 


Parrot Cross-bill, iy ei 4 
.Loaia leucoptera, Gmel. 


White-winged Cross-bill,.. .« 


Order 3. 


American Cuckoo, .. 
Great spotted Cuckoo, 


Order 4. 


Rock Dove, eas 
Passenger Pigeon, 


Order 5. 


Barbary Partridge, .. 
Andalusian Hemipode, 
Virginian Colin, 


Order 6, 


Great Buzzard,.. .-- 


Little Buzzard,.. .. . ak 


..Enneoctonus refus, (Briss.) 


Nucifraga caryocatactes, (Linn.) Briss. 
(Linn.) Temm. 
(Linn.) Vieill. 


Lozia pityopsittacus, Bechst. 


Scansores, Ill. 


. .Coccyzus americanus, (Linn.) 
.. Oxylophus glandarius, (Linn.) 


Columba, Lath. 


.. Columba Livia, Briss. 
..Ectopistes migratorius, (Linn.) Swains. 


Galline, Linn. 


..Caccabis petrosa, (Lath.) 
.. Turnix gibraltaricus, (Gmel.) Gould. 
.. Ortyx virginianus, (Linn.) Gray. 


Struthiones, Lath. 


.. Otis trada, Linn. 


Otis tetrax, Linn. 


F 
Order 7. Gralle, Linn. 


Great Plover, .. <. - «.G@dicnemus crepitans, Temm, 
Cream-coloured Courser,. . «.Cursorius gallicus, (Gmel.) , 
Kentish Plover,.. .. .. «sCharadrius Cantianus, Lath: 
Crane.. be ..  «+Grus cinerea, Bechst. 

Great White Fibroniet « «. «Ardea alba, Gmel. 

Egret, [British feta ] .- Ardea Garzetta, Linn. 
Squacco Heron,. 2 » «-Ardea Comata, Pall. 
Buff-backed Heron, «. «. «Ardea Coromanda, Bodd. 
American Bittern, .. .. ..Botaurus lentiginosus, Mont, 
Spoon-bill,.. ..  ..  ..  ..Platalea leucorodia, Linn. 
White Stork, .. ..  .. ..Ciconia alba, Briss. 

Black Stork, ..  ..  .. ..Ciconia nigra, Bechst.. 
Spotted Redshank, .. .. ..Totanus stagnalis, Bechst. 
Wood Sandpiper, -.. .. ..Totanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm, 
Avocet, as -. .. «.Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn. 
Black-winged Stilt, -» «.  ..Himantosus Candidus, Bonn. 
Buff-breasted Sandpiper,.. ..Tringa refescens, Vieill. 
Broad-billed Sandpiper, .. ..Tringa platyrhyncha, Temm, 


Schintz's Sandpiper, .. ..Tringa Schinztii, Brehm. 

Pectoral Sandpiper,.. ..  ..Tringa pectoralis. Say. 

Brown Snipe, .. .. .- .-Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach. 
Sabine’s Snipe,.. ..  .. ..Gallinago Sabini, Vigors. 

Red-necked Phalarope, ..  ..Phalaropus hyperboreus, (Linn.) Cuvier. 
Ballion’s Crake, +s ++ «-Ortygometra pygmea, Naum. 


Little Crake, .. .. .. ..Ortygometra minuta, Pall. 


Order 8. Anseres, Linn, 


Spur-winged Gonse,.. .. ..Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph. 
Common Wild Goose, .. .«..Anser ferus. Gesn. 

White-fronted Goose, .. .-Anser erytlropus, (Linn.) Flem. 

Pink footed Goose, ... .. -.Anser brachyrhynchus, Baill. 
Bernicle Goose,.. .. .. ..Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) Steph. 
Red-breasted Goose,.. .. ..Bernicla ruficollis (Pall.) Steph. 
Polish Swan, .. .. .. ..Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrell, 
Whistling Swan, ++ «+ «Cygnus ferus, Ray. 

Bewick’s Swan,.. .. .. ..Cygnus minor, Pall, 

American Swan, + .. «Cygnus americanus, Sharpeless. 
Ruddy Shieldrake, .. .. ..Casarka rutila, Pall. 

American Wigeon, .. .. ..Mareca americana, (Gmel.) Steph. 
Bimaculated Duck, -. «-Querquedula bimaculata, Penn, 
Gadwall, .. i -Chaulelasmus strepera, Linn. 

' Red-crested Whistling Duck,. .Branta rufina, (Pall.) Boie. 

Scaup Pochard,.. .. ..  ..Fuligula Marila, (Linn.) Steph. 
Ferruginous Dheke ee Nyroca leucophthalma, (Bechst.) Flem. 
Harlequin Garrot, .. ..  ..Clangula histrionica, (Linn.) Steph. 
Long-tailed Hareld,.. .. ..Harelda glacialis, (Linn.) Leach. 
Steller’s Western Duck .. ..Eniconetta Stelleri, Pall. 

King Duck, .. .. ..  ..Somateria spectabilis, | Linn.) Steph. 
Surf Scoter, cis -. ..Otdemia perspicillata, (Linn.) Steph. 
Red-breasted Merganser,.. ..Mergus Serrator, Linn. 

Hooded Merganser,.. .. ..Mergus cucullatus, Linn. 
Red-necked Grebe, .. .. -Prodiceps grisegena, (Bodd.) Lath. 


Selevonian Grebe, .. sa 
Great Auk,.. .1 a1 
Manx Shearwater, 
Cinereous Shearwater, 
Wilson’s Petrel.. 
Fork-tailed Petrel, 
Bulwer's Petrel, 

Buffon’s Squa, 

Common qua, .. 
Glaucous Gull, .. 

Iceland Gull, 

Little Gull, 

Sabine’s Gull, 

Ivory Gull,. 

Caspian Tern, ae 

Gulled Lilled Tern, 
Sandwith Tern,. 

Roseate Tern, .. 
White-winged Black ‘Tern, 
Black Noddy, 


8 


.: Podiceps Cornutus, (Ginel.) Lath. 
.- Alea impennis, Linn. 

.. Pufinus Anglorum, Ray. 
.-Pufinus cinereus, Gmel. 
..Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl. 

.- Thalassidroma Leachii, Vemm. 

.. Thalassidroma Bulweri, (J.&S.) Gould. 
. .Stercorarius cephus, Briin. 

. Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn. 

.. Larus glaucus, Briin, 

.- Larus leucopterus, Faber. 

.. Larus minutus, Pall. 

..Xema Sabini, Leach. 

..Pagophila eburnea, (Gmel.) Kaup. 
.. Sterna caspia, Pall. 

.. Sterna anglica, Mont. 

.. Sterna cantica, Gmel. 

.. Sterna paradisea, Briin. 
..Hydrocheidon nigra, Linn. 

.. Andus stolidus, (Linn.) Catesby. 


BOTANY. 

The Herbarium, collected by the late Mr. Perry, being 
for sale, the Council deemed it desirable that it should be 
purchased for the Museum, particularly as it contained many 
rare specimens of the District, which are not now to be met 
with. As the annual income of the Society is only sufficient 
to meet current expenses, it can only be purchased by sub- 
scription, and it is expected this will be done in the current 
year. 


LIBRARY. 

An opportunity occurred to purchase a very good copy 
of the second Edition of Dugdale’s Antiquities of Warwickshire, 
by Dr. Thomas, of which the Council availed themselves, 
considering that it was very desirable to have it in the 
Library for reference. 

A Catalogue of Books in the Library has been made, to 
the 3lst December, 1867, and a copy was sent to each 
Member. 

The Council will be glad to receive presents of any works 
of Local interest, for the Library. 

Any Member wishing to take a Book from the Library, 


9 


is particularly requested to see that an entry is made in the 
book kept for that purpose, which is on the Library table. 
The date must also be entered when the book is returned. 


Before Members are allowed to take Books out of the 
Library, a deposit of ten shillings is required. Some of 
the Books cannot be taken away from the Library. 


The Accounts for the year have been audited, and the 
General Financial Statement, to March 31st, 1869, is 
appended to this report. 


The Museum, now containing a valuable and well- 
arranged collection of Natural History, Ceology, and 
Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not 
extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is highly 
creditable to the Town and County of Warwick, and 
deserves a much greater amount of support than it has of 
late years received. An excellent foundation has been laid, 
but much might be effected if adequate meaus were placed at 
the disposal of the Council. Owing to the losses, by death, 
of several subscribers during the past year, and the small 
number of additional members, the funds of the Society 
are in a less satisfactory condition than could be desired. 
A reference to the list of subscribers wiil show that only 
afew of the rich and influential residents in the County 
belong to the Society. If the members would solicit 
annual subscriptions from their friends and neighbours, 
-it is probable that a considerable addition would be made 
to the funds of the Society. 


At the Annual Meeting, after the business of the Society 
was finished, and the Officers for the ensuing year appointed, 
Mr. Marruew Hoxsecue Broxam, read the following Paper, 
on “Warwickshire in the Civil Wars of the Seventeenth 
Century, (second notice.) 


10 


On the 25th of August, 1642, two days after the skirmish 
at LonglItchington, the particulars of which were detailed in 
my former notice, the King set up his standard at Nottingham. 
On the 28th of that month Prince Rupert, with a body of 
horse from Leicester, made an attack on Caldicott Hall, a 
stone mansion, strongly built, and not far from Nuneaton. 
We have on a monument in Caldicott church, a detailed 
account of the occurrence. The inscription runs thus:— 
“‘Here lieth the body of George Abbott, late of Caldecott, in 
Warwickshire, Esquire, whose eminent parts, virtues, and 
graces, drawn forth to life in his exemplary walking with 
(rod, his tenderness to all the members of Christ, who fre- 
quently fled to his charity in their wants, and counsel in 
cases of conscience. His exact observation of the Sabbath, 
which he vindicated by his pen, and on which, August 28th, 
1642, God honoured him in the memorable and unparalleled 
defence of this adjoining house, with eight men (besides his 
mother and her maids) against the furious and fierce assault 
of Prince Rupert and Maurice, with 18 troops of horse and 
dragoneers. His perspicuous paraphrases of the books of Job 
and Psalms, his judicious tracts of public affairs then emergent, 
his known integrity in public employments, rendered him 
one in a thousand for singular piety, wisdom, learning, 
cuainty, courage, and fidelity to his country, which he served 
in two Parliaments, the former and the present, whereof 
he died a member February 2nd. 1648, in the 44th year of 
his age. This monument was erected to his memory by his 
dear mother and execut:x, Johan Purefoy, the wife of 
Colonel William Purefoy, his beloved father-in-law, the 28th 
day of August, Anno Domini, 1649.” Colonel Purefoy was 
one of the chief of the Parliamentarian party in this county. 
No one would draw the inference from this inscription, that 
Caldecott hall was taken, which was however the fact. In 
Vicar’s Maynalia Dei Anglicani, or England’s Parliamentary 
(Chronicle, a somewhat ssarce work, which has been com- 
mented upon as ‘‘a curious medley of facts and furious party 
veo,’ a more detailed account of this attack is given, 
which is as follows :—‘About the middle of September, 1642, 
the Parliament was informed of the great outrages and inso- 
lences of the Cavaliers arraymen, in Warwickshire, Worces- 
tersh re, Gloucestershire, and Cheshire. But one passage 
anong the rest, being very remarkable and worthy of particular 
remembrance, may not be here omitted, which fell out in 
Warwickshire, and was this. The Cavaliers having notice, 
and thereupon informing Prince Rupert of a worthy gentle- 


11 


man’s house and habitation, by name Mr. William Purfrey, 
of Caldecot, in Warwickshire, a worthy member of the 
House of Commons, and a gentleman of a fair estate, who 
lived in a very strong and a well built house of stone, 
upon which intelligence given to this Prince of Plunderers, 
he with about five hundred of his forces, upon a Sunday 
morning, a little before prayer-time (a fit day and time of 
day for such profane theives and robbers to act their 
wicked designs of thefts and rapines), came to Caldecot 
aforesaid, and beset this gentleman’s house, with an intent 
plunder and pillage it, himselfe being absent from home, 
and there being within onely the mistresse of the house, 
one or two daughters, one Mr. George Abbott (her son-in-law, 
a very resolute and stout young gentleman), three serving- 
men, and three maid servants. The Prince being come to 
the house, sends unto them to open the gates, and to deliver 
up the house unto him; the gentleman and all within with 
him being very courageous and cheerful, and having good 
store of muskets, powder, and shot, in the house, refused so 
to doe, but stood upon their guard, resolving, by God’s 
assistance, to fight it out rather than to yield themselves to 
the perfideous cruelty of him and his accursed cavaliers, and 
thereupon the young gentleman tooke forth a dozen muskets 
and taught the women how to charge the muskets whiles he 
and the other men discharged them. Prince Rupert, thus 
affronted, gives command to his cavaliers to set upon the 
house, and to break open the outmost gates to come into the 
yard or court ; but as his captains and souldiers entered in, 
the said Mr. Abbott and his men shot so quick and thick at 
them, and shewed themselves (by God’s assistance) such 
notable marksmen, that at the very first onset they slew one 
Captain Mayford, and Captain Shute, and after that one 
Captain Steward, and ere they had done, about 15 more of 
their souldiers, whereof some were other officers in armes— 
the men within still shooting at them without intermission, 
and the women, who had aptly learn’t their art, did their 
work and acted their parts most nimbly and cheerefully ; 
and when their bullets began to fail, they fell to melting all 
their household pewter, and having bullet moulds in the 
house, speedely made more, and notably supplied that want 
faster than they could be spent, and thus the businesse was 
so plyed, and with such dexterity by them in all their 
appointed ways, God wonderfully enabling them, that Prince 
Rupert was very sorely put to it, and having seene so many 
of his men slaine, and seeing he could not so easily enter the 


12 


house as he and his company expected, he fired the barnes, 
stables, and outhouses, which caused a mighty smoke, and 
began to smother them much in the house, and to hinder 
their fight from acting as they did before, and now also their 
store of powder was wellnigh all spent ; hereupon, therefore, 
Mistris Purfrey herselfe, the mistris of the house, opened her 
doores, and issuing forth, fell upon her knees, and craved 
quarter for herselfe and her family onely ; whereupon it 
pleased the Lord to molifie the Princes heart towards her, 
who asked her what she would desire of him? She answered, 
her own life and the lyves of those that ware within with 
her, certifying him who and what number they were, and 
that onely her son-in-law, Mr. Abbott, and his three servants 
were ail the men or male kinde in the house, which did what 
was done; which when Prince Rupert heard, and understood 
for certain of the paucity of their number, and considered 
their brave valour and resolution, he admired and wondered 
at it, raised the gentlewoman from her knees, saluted her 
kindly (the greatest act of humanity, if not the onely, that 
ever I yet could heare he expressed to any honest English), 
and granted her request fully and freely, notwithstanding 
the slaughter of so many of his men, and some commanders 
as aforesaid, went into the house to see Mr. Abbott and the 
rest who had so bravely behaved themselves, whom when he 
saw, and that ’twas so indeed, he was much taken with their 
most notable valour, saved their lives, and house from plun- 
dering, saying to Mr. Abbott that he was worthie to bea 
chief commander in an armie, and proferred him such a place 
in his army if he would go with him, but he modestly refused 
it. However, here the said Prince fairly performed his 
promise, and would not suffer a pennyworth of his goods in 
the house to be taken from them, and so departed.” Such 
is the account given by Vicar’s of that “ Prince of plun- 
derers,” as he describes him, Prince Rupert. There were, as 
we shall see, other plunderers in the Parliamentary forces. 
The “ Iter Carolinum,” a diary by one of the Royal attendants 
as brief as the more ancient Jters of King John and Edward 
the Second, exhibits the movements of the King and his 
forces during the early part of the civil wars. It appears 
from this that the head quarters and rendezvous of the Royal 
forces were first at Nottingham, to which place the King 
went on the 16th of August, 1642. On the 18th of that 
month he went from thence to Leicester, and on the 19th to 
Stoneley Abbey, Sir Thomas Lee’s, where, if we may credit 
the diarist, he stayed three nights. He returned to Notting- 


13 


ham on the 23rd, after the skirmish at Long Itchington. 
Then took place the formal raising of the Royal Standard. 
Having collected there what forces he could, he commenced 
his march westward, on the 13th of September he went: to 
Derby, there he stayed three nights; on the 16th to 
Uttoxter, on the 17th to Stafford, there he stayed two nights; 
on the 19th he went to Wellington, and on the 20th to 
Shrewsbury, here he remained with his forces, increased by 
the gentry who espoused his cause, for three weeks, during 
which period he went to Chester, where he appears to have 
stayed four days. A more complete account of the move- 
ments of the Parliamentary forces is given in some letters, 
preserved in the State paper office, written by one Nicholas 
Wharton, who appears to have been a sergeant in some foot 
regiment, to his then late master, Mr. George Willingham, a 
merchant at the Golden Anchor, in St. Swithin’s Lane. The 
date of the first of these letters is the 16th of August, 1642, 
of the last, Octoher the 7th, 1642. What became of the 
writer after the inditing of that letter is unknown. These 
letters are somewhat lengthy. I shall therefore give little 
more than excerpts relating to occurrences in this county. 
In a letter dated Coventry; August 26th, 1642, he says :— 
“Monday morning (August 19) we marched into Warwick- 
shere with about three thousand foote and four hundred 
horse, until we came to Southam. This is a very malignant 
towne, both minister and people. We pillaged the minister, 
and took from him a drum and severall armes. This night 
our soildiers, wearied out, quartered themselves about the 
town for foode and lodginge, but before we could eate or 
drinke an alarm cryed ‘ Arme, arme, for the enemy is com- 
menge, and in halfe an hower all our soildiers, though 
dispersed, were cannybals in armes, ready to encounter the 
enemy. Our horse were quartered about the country, but 
the enemy came not. We barrecaded the towne, and at 
every passage placed our ordinance, and watched it all night, 
our soildiers contented to lye upon hard stones. In the 
morninge early our enemise, consistinge of about eight 
hundred horse, and three hundred foote, with ordinance, led 
by the Earle of Northampton, the Lord of Carnarvan, and 
the Lord Compton, and Captain Legge, and other, intended 
to set upon us before wee could gather our companies together, 
but being ready all night, early in the morning wee went to 
meet them with a few troopes of horse and six field peeces, 
and being on fier to get at them we marched thorow the 
corne and got the hill of them, whereupon they played upon 


“4 14 
us with their ordinances, but they came short. Our gunner 
took their own bullet, and sent it to them againe, and killed 
a horse andaman. After wee gave them eight shot more, 
whereupon all their foote companie fled, and offered their 
armes in the towns adjacent for twelve pence a peece. Their 
troopes whelinge about, took up their dead bodies and fled : 
the number of men slaine, as themselves reported, was fifty 
besides horse. Severall dead corps wee found in corne fields, 
and amongst them a trumpeter, whose trumpet our horsemen 
sounded into Coventry. We took severall prisoners, and 
amongst them Captain Legge and Captain Clark. From 
thence wee marched valiently after them toward Coventry, 
and at Dunsmore Heath they threatened to give us battaile, 
but we got the hill of them, ordered our men, but they all 
fled, and we immediately marched into Coventry, where the 
countrey met us in armes and welcomed us, and gave us good 
quarter both for horse and foote.” Ina letter dated Coventry, 
August the 30th, 1642, he says:—‘* My last was unto you 
from Coventry, August the 26th, which place is still our 
quarter; a City environed with a wall co-equal, if not 
exceedinge, that of London for breadth and height; the 
compass of it is neare three miles, all of free stone. It hath 
four stronge gates, stronge battlements, stored with towers, 
bulwarks, and other necessaries. This city hath magnificent 
churches and stately street ; within it ther are also several 
and pleasant sweete springes of water, built of free stone, 
very large, sufficient to supply many thousand men. The 
City gates are guarded day and night with four hundred 
armed men, and no man entereth in or out but upon open 
examination. It is also very sweetly situate. Thursday, 
August 26th, our soildiers pillaged a malignant fellowes 
house in this City, and the Lord Brooke immediately pro- 
claimed that whosoever should for the future offend in that 
kind should have martiall law. Fryday several of our 
soildiers, both horse and foote, sallyed out of the City unto 
the Lord Dunsmore’s parke”—(this was at King’s Newnham, 
nine miles from Coventry, eastward)—‘‘and brought from 
thence great store of venison, which is as good as ever I 
tasted, and ever since they make it their dayly practise, so 
that venison is almost as common with us as beef with you. 
This day our horsemen sallyed out, as their daily custom is, 
and brought in with them two cavaleeres and with them an 
old base Priest the parson of Sowe, near us, and led him 
rediculously abont the city unto the chief Commanders. 
Sunday morne the Lord of Essex, his Chaplain Mr. Kemme, 


— 


15 


the cooper’s sonne, preached unto us, and this was the first 
sermon we heard since we came from Alisbury; but before 
he had ended his first prayer Newes was brought into the 
Church unto our commanders that Nuneaton, some six miles 
from us, was fired by the enemy, and forthwith our Generall 
and several captaines issued forth, but I and many others 
stayed until sermon was ended, after which we were com- 
manded to march forth with all speed, namely my captain 
with Captain Beacon and Captain Francis of our regiment, 
and of other regiments, in all to the number of one thousand 
foote, and one troope of horse, but before we came at them 
they all ran away, not having done much harm, whereupon 
we returned to Coventry again.” This news seems to advert 
to the attack by Prince Rupert on Caldecott Hall, which 
mansion was but a short distance from Nuneaton, on the 
25th of August. Nicholas Wharton’s next letter is dated 
Northampton, September the 8rd, 1642. In this letter he 
says: “Wensday (that was the 3lst of August) wee kept 
the fast and heard two sermons, but before the third was 
ended we had an alarm to march presently. By ten of the 
clock we got our regiments together and kept our rendevow 
in the City until midnight, and about two in the morning 
marched out of this City towards Northampton. This City 
hath four steeples, three churches, two parishes, and not long 
since but one priest; but now the world is well amended 
with them. This day our souldiers brought with them 
three asses which they had taken out of the Lord Duns- 
more’s Park, which they loaded with their knapsacks and 
dignified them with the name of the Lord Dunsmore. 
This day being Thursday (September the first) we marched 
over Dunsmore Heath, near twelve miles without any sus- 
tenance, until we came to Barby, in Northamptonshire, 
where the country, according to their ability, reiieved as 
many of us as they could. Our soldiers pillaged the 
parson of this town, and brought him away prisoner with 
his surplice and other relics.” He then described his 
further march and the pillage of ‘‘malignants,” as the 
Royalists were termed. In a letter from Worcester, dated 
September 26th, he says: ‘‘ This even we had tidings that 
Killingworth Castle in Warwickshire, six miles from 
Coventry, was taken with store of ammunition and 
money, and some prisoners, their number uncertain; the 
rest fled, and the country pursued them, and wanted but 
the assistance of Coventry to have destroyed them all.” 
This incident is alluded to by Anthony Wood in the life 


16 


of Sir Wiliam Dugdale, as follows, a somewhat different 
version from that given by Wharton :—‘ During the 
King’s stay at Stonely, the citty of Coventrie continuing 
thus rebellious, Warwick Castle also being manned by 
L¢ Rrooke, as hath been observed his Mati¢ upon his 
return to Notingham placed two companies of foot and 
one of Dragoons in his castle of Kenilworth (the strongest 
fort in all the Midland parts) lying in the midway betwixt 
Coventry and Warwick. But w'"in a few days after having 
intelligence that the power of the rebells in that countie 
did dailie increase, and fearing that those souldiers thus 
put into Kenilworth Castle might be distressed by a siege, 
he sent two troopes of Horse and one of Dragoons to 
fetch off those men with their armes and ammunition. 
And because he knew the said Mr. Dugdale to be well 
acquainted with the roades and wayes in that county, 
appointed him to accompany Sir Richard Willys who 
commanded that party, as his guide, purporting to bring 
them off as privately as might be. To which end they 
marching from Mount Sorrell in Leicestershire on Sunday 
morning, they came about ten of the clock at night to Kenil- 
worth, and though they made such haste in getting carriages 
for their ammunition, as that they marcht out of that 
castle by seven of the clock the next morning: Neverthe- 
less by intelligence given to the rebells in Coventrie, such 
numbers of those with Horse and Foot pursued them, as 
that they were constrayn’d to make a stop in Cudworth 
Field (two miles northward of Coleshill) to encounter 
them, when they chardged these rebells (though five to 
one in number) so stoutly that they put them to the rout 
and tooke some of them prisoners, whom they brought 
that night to Tamworth, and the next morning to Tutbury 
Castle; the sayd Mr. Dugdale hasting immediately to 
Notingham to acquaint the King therew*.” Northampton 
was the rendezvous of the Parliamentary army under the 
Earl of Essex, and Wharton goes on to say in the same 
letter, written by him from Worcester—‘‘ Wednesday, 
Sept. 14th, our forces, both foote and horse, marched into 
the field, and the Lord General viewed us both front, rear, 
and flank. This evening, contrary to expectations, our 
regiment marched five miles north-east unto Stratton 
(Spratton), where we, and as many as could, billited in 
the town; the rest quartered thro the country.” As the 
King had set out from Nottingham on his march to 
Shrewsbury, the Earl of Essex determined to march on a 


17 


parallel line from Northampton to Worcester. Some 
account of this is recorded by Wharton. ‘‘ Munday 
morning (19th September), our regiment began to march 
towards Warwickshire, and passed through Wes Haddon 
Creeke and Hill Morton, where we had a supply of drink, 
which upon a march is very rare and extraordinary wel- 
come, and at the end of ten miles we came to Rugby, in 
Warwickshire, where we had good quarter. At this town 
Mr. Norton (Nalton) formerly preached. This town also 
was lately disarmed by the Cavaliers on the Sabbath day, 
the inhabitants being at church. Tuesday morning (20th 
September), our regiment marched two miles unto Duns- 
more Heath, where the Lord General and his regiment 
met us, as also the Lord of Stanford, Colonel Cholmley, 
and Colonel Hampden, with many troops of horse and 
eighteen field pieces, where we kept our rendezvous until 
even.” [It is not difficult to fix on the spot where this 
rendezvous was held; it was, I think, where the road 
from Rugby to Dunchurch joins the turnpike road from 
Northampton to Dunchurch, near to Bilton Grange, and, 
as the mile post shows, just two miles from Rugby.] The 
writer then continues : ‘‘ When we had tidings that all the 
malignants in Worcestershire, with the Cavaliers, were 
got into Worcester, and fortified themselves, whereupon 
we marched six miles unto Baggington, within two miles 
of Coventry. This night the rest of our regiments quar- 
tered about the country. Wednesday morning we marched 
towards Warwick, leaving Killingworth Castle upon the 
right, and after we had marched six miles our forces met 
again and quartered before: Warwick until forty pieces of 
ordnance, with other carriages, had passed by, in which 
time I viewed the antiquities on this side Warwick at Sir 
Guy’s cave, his chapel, and his picture in it (meaning uo 
doubt that gigantic sculptured representation of the 14th 
century of an armed warrior or knight which still, though 
- in a mutilated condition, is there to be seen), his stables 
all hewn out-of the main rock, as also his garden, and 
two springing wells whereat he drank as is reported. 
From hence our regiment marched through Warwick in 
such haste that I could not view the town, but had only a 
sight of the Castle, which is very strong, built upon a 
mighty rock, whereof there are store in this country. 
This night we marched two miles further, unto Burford 
(Barford), where our quarter was as constantly since his 
excellency’s coming. It is very poor, for many of our 


18 


soldiers can get neither beds, bread, nor water.” On 
Thursday they marched ten miles, to Assincantlo (Aston 
Cantlow), ‘‘ where,” says he, ‘“‘we could get no quarter, 
neither bread nor drink, by reason of the Lord Compton’s 
late being there.” On Saturday, the 24th of September, 
they marched into Worcester. I must now proceed with 
the ‘Iter Carolinum.”. The King having, whilst at Shrews- 
bury and Chester, increased his forces considerably, though 
many of them were ill- armed, commenced his march 
towards London. Leaving Shrewsbury on the 12th of 
October, 1642, he proceeded to Bridgenorth ; from whence, 
on the 15th of that month, he went to Wolverhampton ; 
thence, on the 17th, to Bremichem (Birmingham), to the 
mansion of Sir Thomas Holt, Aston Hall; on the 18th 
he went to Packington, the house of Sir Robert Fisher ; 
on the 19th to Killingworth (Kenilworth.) Whether the 
castle was then garrisoned by the forces of the Parliament 
or abandoned by them, whether for the night he took up 
his abode in the castle or elsewhere, the writer of this Iter 
does not inform us. Lord Clarendon, however, states 
that it was ‘‘a house of the kings and a very noble seat ;” 
so I conceive it must have been the castle—no longer the 
Sebastapol of the Midland Counties, as in the reign of 
Henry III., but a more palatial and less defensive resi- 
dence. He was now with his army between the two hostile 
garrisons of Coventry and Warwick Castle. On the 21st 
of October he proceeded with his army to Southam, pro- 
bably crossing the Avon at Chesford Bridge. At Southam 
he issued a Proclamation, which I have before me. On 
the 22nd of Oct. he proceeded to Edgcott, Prince Rupert 
taking up his quarters the same night at Wormleighton, 
at a fine mansion belonging to the Spencer family, now in 
ruins. There is an anecdote related by Dr. Thomas, in 
the continuation of the Antiquities of Warwickshire, by 
Sir Wm. Dugdale, which I shall do well here to mention. 
He speaks of Mr. Richard Shuckburgh, of an ancient 
family in Warwickshire, the possessor of the Shuckburgh 
estates in this county in the time of the Civil Wars, as in 
no way inferior to his ancestors, and then goes on to say, 
‘As Charles I. marched to Edgcot, near Banbury, on the 
29nd October, 1642, he saw him hunting in the field, not 
far from Shuckburgh, with a very good pack of hounds, 
vpon which, it is reported, that he fetched a deep sigh and 
asked who that gentleman was that hunted so merrily 
that morning, when he was going to fight for his crown 


19 


and liberty; and being told that it was this Richard 
Shuckburgh, he was ordered to be called to him, and was 
by him very graciously received, upon which he went 
immediately home, armed all his tenants, and the next 
day attended him on the field, where he was knighted, 
and was present at the Battle of Kdgehill. After the taking 
of Banbury Castle, and his Majesty’s retreat from those 
parts, he went to his own seat and fortified himself on the 
top of Shuckburg Hill, where, being attacked by some of 
the Parliamentary forces, he defended himself till he fell 
with most of his tenants about him, but being taken up 
and life perceived in him, he was carried away prisoner 
to Kenilworth Castle, where he lay a considerable time, 
and was forced to purchase his liberty at a dear rate.” 
There is in the Church of Upper Shuckburgh, a monu- 
mental bust of this Warwickshire worthy and staunch 
Royalist, representing him, not unlike the portraits of 
Charles I., with a moustache and piked beard, according 
to the fashion which prevailed. Next to the monumental 
bust of the greatest of the Warwickshire worthies, whose 
birthday is this day held in commemoration, this bust of 
Sir Richard Shuckburgh, in the Church of Upper Shuck- 
burgh, is of all the monumental busts in the Warwickshire 
Churches, and they are not few, the most interesting. On 
the eve of the memorable 28rd of Oct., 1642, the main 
body of the King’s army lay encamped on the southern 
side of the Cherwell, between Edgcot and Cropredy. 
Prince Rupert, who commanded the rear, had his quarters 
at Wormleighton. The King had left Shrewsbury on the 
12th of October. The Earl of Essex, who commanded 
the Parliamentary army. marched on the 14th of October 
from Worcester, with his forces, to meet those of the 
King. On the eve of the 23rd of Oct. the Earl of Essex, 
with the main body of his forces, reached Kineton, in the 
vale at the foot of the Edgehills. Prince Rupert had 
stationed picquets on the Burton Dassett Hills, and by 
these the fires. of the Parliament’s picquets were seen in 
the vale near Kineton. Prince Rupert immediately sent to 
inform the King, whose army was thereupon ordered to 
rendezvous on Edgehill. This was about three on the 
morning of Sunday, the 23rd of October. The main 
body of the King’s army crossed the Cherwell at Cropredy 
Bridge, taking the road through Mollington and Warming- 
ton to Edgehill. Some of Prince Rupert’s horse from 

Tarmington reached Bdgehill before eight o'clock in tha, 


20 


morning, and their appearance on the brow gave the first 
intelligence to Essex of the proximity of the King’s army. 
The latter was nominally commanded by the Earl of 
Lindsey ; his counsel was that of a prudent commander, 
but Prince Rupert refused to receive orders except from 
the King. Thé army descended the hill; Prince Rupert 
commanding the cavalry of the right wing. There are 
several accounts of this battle, written within a day or 
two after it took place; one of these is the official account 
sent to the Parliament, and by it ordered to be printed 
and published, which it was on the 28th of Oct., five days 
after the battle. This account thus published I have 
before me. I am not going to enter into all the details 
of this battle, of which both sides claimed the victory. 
At the onset the cavalry of the King’s right wing, com- 
manded by Prince Rupert, routed the left wing of the 
Parliamentarian army and pursued them to Kineton, 
where the baggage was left, which they began to plunder, 
thereby losing much valuable time, for the King’s centre 
was defeated by the Parliamentary centre, the Karl of 
Lindsey mortally wounded, the King’s Standard bearer 
killed, and the Royal Standard taken (though this was 
afterwards recovered by Captain Smith), and much con- 
fusion seems to have prevailed in both armies. The battle 
did not commence till three’ o’clock in the afternoon, and 
in a few hours darkness put an end to the contest, without 
any decided success by either army. Both armies kept 
the field during the night, and the next morning faced 
each other, but without renewing the fight. The number 
of slain was variously computed from 1,000 to 5,000; it 
was probably below the former number. The immediate 
result, however, was in favour of the Royal cause, for 
Essex, contrary to the advice of Hampden, Hollis, and 
Brook, withdrew his forces to Warwick, whilst the King 
marched to Banbury, then an important garrison of the 
Parliamentarians, which surrendered to him without a 
blow. In this battle, William Earl of Denbigh was on 
the side of the King, whilst his son (the Lord Fielding, 
afterwards Basil Earl of Denbigh) commanded forces in 
the right wing of the Earl of Essex’s army. In the 
official account, to which I have alluded, sent up by the 
Parliamentarians to the House of Commons, their army is 
stated to have consisted of 11 regiments of Foot, 42 troops 
of Horse, and about 700 Dragoons—in all, about 10,000 
men. In this account they say, ‘‘ The Harl of Linsey, his 


ga aE alae 


21 


son (the Lord Willoughby), and some other persons of 
note, are prisoners. Sir Edmund Varney, who carried the 
King’s Standard, was slain by a gentleman of the Lord 
General's troop of Horse, and the Standard taken, which 
was afterwards by the Lord Generall himself delivered 
unto his Secretary (Mr. Chambers) with an intention to 
send it back the next day unto His Majesty; but the 
Secretary, after he had carried it long in his hand, suffered 
it to be taken away by some of our troopers, and as yet 
we cannot learn where it is. By this time it grew so late 
and dark, and to say the truth, our ammunition at this 
present time was all spent, that we contented ourselves to 
make good the field, and gave them liberty to retire up 
the hill in the night.” It is to be observed that the 23rd 
October old style, would answer to the 4th of November, 
and that between four and five in the afternoon, darkness 
would prevail. I do not think this battle could have 
lasted much more than two hours. As to numbers, as far 
as I have been able to collect, the forces. of both armies 
were about equal. Ina short view of the late troubles in 
England, by Sir William Dugdale, the following account 
is given, in which the truth of the Parliamentarian account 
is contested :—‘*‘ So that on Sunday, the xxiijrd of October, 
being in view of the King’s forces, they put their army in 
order near Kineton, in Warwickshire, and bid his Majesty 
battel, by a signal thereof given with their great ordinance, 
wherewith they made five shot at his army, before any fire 
was given on the other part. But then began a sharp 
encounter which continued near three hours, wherein 
God so preserved his Majesty, that instead of being utterly 
destroyed by these violent rebels, who reckoned all their 
own; their invincible army (as they esteem’d it) was so 
bruis’d and shattered, that, instead of further pursuing 
the King, it retreated eight miles backwards, where the 
soldiers secured themselves many days by the advantage 
of the river Avon, under the protection of the town and 
castle of Warwick. To the end thereof that -their (the 
rebels) party might not be disheartened, they always took 
care not only to suppress any bad tidings, but to puff up 
the people with strange imaginations of victories and con- 
quests, by producing forged letters, counterfeit messengers, 
and the like, as was manifest by their committment (25 
Oct.) of sundry persons to prison, which came from Kineton 
Battel, and reported the very truth of the King’s success 
there, viz., Captain Wilson, Lieutenant Witney, and Mr. 


22 


Banks, who were all sent to the Gatehouse to receive 
punishment. As also (29 Oct.) one Mr. John Wentworth, 
of Lincolns Inn, and (1 Noy.) Sir William Fielding Knight, 
giving (25 Oct.) twenty pounds to one man by order of the 
House, who came and reported that most that were killed 
in the battel were of the King’s side; and that the Earl 
of Essex commanded him to tell his friends that he with 
his own hands carried away the King’s standard. But to 
undeceive the world as to the number on both sides slain 
(which were then confidently given out to be five thousan¢,) 
most certain it is, that, upon strict enquiry from the 
adjacent inhabitants who buried the bodies and took par- 
ticular notice of the distinct number put into each grave, 
it appears that there were not one thousand complete there 
interred. As the remaining part of the Parliament army 
after this battel finding not themselves in a condition to 
encounter the King again without new recruits, and there- 
fore made a fair retreat no less than eight miles backwards 
(as hath been observed), so did some of them before the 
fight standing doubtful of the success, forbear to adventure 
themselves therein ; amongst which the after famous Oliver 
Cromwell was one (if some of the most eminent persons 
of his own party who were in the fight bely him not), who 
being Captain of a troop of horse in the General’s Regi- 
ment, came not into the field, but got up into a steeple 
within view of the battel, and there discerning by a 
prospective glass the two wings of their horse to be utterly 
routed, made such haste to be gone that, instead of 
descending the stairs by which he came up, he swing’d 
down by a bell rope, and ran away with his troop.” I 
need hardly say that this story of Oliver Cromwell may 
be considered as altogether apocryphal. The church 
steeple is said to be that of Burton Dassett church. The 
re-taking of the Royal Standard by Captain John Smith, 
a native of Skilts, in this county, and of one of whose 
former exploits I gave an account in my last paper, is 
particularised at length in that scarce work, on the life of 
this worthy, I adverted to before. From this I give an 
excerpt. At Keinton Captain Smith’s troop at that time 
being in the Lord Grandison’s Regiment, was drawn up 
in the left wing of the King’s army. After several charges 
there were no more left than himself and one Chickly, a 
groom of the Duke of Richmond, the rest of his troop 
following the pillage of the routed rebels. ‘As these 
two,” so says the historian, ‘were passing on towar’~ ov™ 


28 


army, this mirror of chivalry espied six men (three cuiras- 
siers and three arquebusiers) on horseback, guarding a 
seventh on foot, who was carrying off the field a colour 
rolled wp, which he conceived to be one of the ordinary 
colours of his Majesty’s Life Guards, and therefore, seeing 
them so strong, intended to avoid them; whilst he was 
thus considering, a boy on horseback calls to him, saying, 
‘Captain Smith, Captain Smith, they are carrying away 
the Standard!’ He would not suddenly believe the boy, 
till by great asseverations he had assured him it was the 
Standard ; who forthwith said, ‘They shall have me with 
it if they carry it away,’ and desiring Chickley if he saw 
him much engaged, in with his rapier at the footman that 
carried the banner (who was then secretary to Essex, the 
rebels’ general), saying, ‘Traitor! deliver up the Standard,’ 
and wounded him in the breast. Whilst he was bent for- 
ward to follow his thrust, one of those cuirassiers with a 
yole-axe wounded him in the neck through the collar of 
lis donblet, and the rest gave fire at him with their pistols, 
but without any further hurt than blowing of some powder 
into his face. No sooner was he recovered upright but he 
ynade a thrust at the cuirassier that wounded him, and 
run lim throngh the belly, whereupon he presently fell, at 
which sight all the rest ran away. Then he caused a foot 
soldier that was near at hand to reach him up the banner, 
which he brought away, with the horse of that cuirassier. 
Immediately comes up a great body of his Majesty’s horse, 
which were rallied together, with whom he staid, delivering 
the Standard to Master Robert Hatton, a gentleman of 
-8ir Robert Willyes’s troop, to carry forthwith to his 
Majesty. The next morning, King Charles sent for him 
to the top of Edgehill, where his Majesty knighted him 
for his singular valor.”’ He subsequently, with a small 
party of horse, brought off three brass pieces of cannon 
that stood about the left wing of the rebels’ army in the 
battle. This worthy knight banneret, on the 29th of 
March, 1644, was mortally wounded in an engagement at 
Bramdean, near Aylesford, in Hampshire, and died the 
following day at Andover, and on the first of April his 
body was interred with military honours in the south-east 
corner of the chapel on the south side of the choir in 
Oxford Cathedral. There is one singular occurrence con- 
nected with this battle, which ought to be noticed. On 
the extreme north-western point of the Burton Dassett 
ills, which project into the vale of Kineton, was and still 


24 


is an ancient Beacon Tower, a structure of the 15th 
century, and now perhaps unique of its kind. It is of 
stone, circular in its form, 62 feet in girth at the base, and 
15 feet in height to the top of the parapet, rising from 
within which is a conical roof formed entirely of stone. 
Now the Parliament had given orders for firing the nearest 
beacon whenever the Earl of Essex might overtake the 
King. The smoke by day and the light by night was to 
be the signal which the country people on the heights up 
to London were by proclamation directed to repeat. On 
Sunday night, after the battle had ceased, a party of the 
Parliamentarian troops ascended the Beacon hill at Burton 
Dassett and fired the beacon, and a tradition is preserved 
that some shepherds on a part of the high ridge over 
Ivinghoe, on the borders of Buckinghamshire and Hert- 
fordshire, forty miles in a direct line from Edgehill, saw 
a twinkling light to the north-westward, and upon ¢om- 
munication with their minister, one of the Presbyterian 
party and in the phrase of the times denominated ‘‘a godly 
and well affected person,”’ fired the beacon there also, which 
was seen at Harrow-on-the-Hill, and thence the intelli- 
gence was at once carried to London. Another anecdote 
or two respecting the battle will bring my paper to a 
conclusion. The battle commenced on a Sunday after- 
noon, when the villagers of Tysoe and Oxhill were in 
church. At one of these villages the clerk, on hearing 
the report of the first cannon, exclaimed, with an expletive 
which I need not repeat, ‘‘ They’re at it!’’ and rushed out 
of the church, followed by the congregation. At the other 
village a tailor ran off towards the field of battle to see, 
as he said, the fun. He was evidently unacquainted with 
or had forgotten that sage maxim, turned into Hudibrastic. 
verse by one Butler, a Justices’ clerk— 


“They who in quarrels interpose, 
Will ofttimes get a bloody nose.” 


and so it was in this case, the poor tailor returned home 
mortally wounded, having received a sword cut from 
one of the Parliamentary troopers in a vital part of his 
body. An officer in the Royal army was seen ascending 
the hill on a white horse, which rendered him a conspicu- 
ous object at a distance. A gunner in the Parliamentarian 
army aimed his field-piece at him, fired it, and the ball 
struck the officer in the thigh and mortally wounded him, 
and he was buried in the churchyard at Radway. Twenty- — 


25 


eight years after this event a monument was erected to his 
memory, of. which the following account. is given by Dr. 
Thomas, in his edition of “ The Antiquities of Warwick- 
shire... &.,”’ published in 1730:—‘On the ground, in 
the churchyard there lies the statue of a man booted, and 
spurred, and in his armour, leaning his head on. his 
right hand, over which, upon four pillars, there was set 
a large. marble tombstone, which is now removed: into 
the Chancell, and hath this inscription. upon. it :—‘ Here 
lyeth ez =pecting ye second comeing of our Blessed Lord 
and Saviour, Henry Kingsmill, Esq.,. second son to Sir 
Henry Kingsmill, of Sidmonton, in the County of South- 
ampton, Knt.; who serving as a Captain of Foot under 
his . Mate, Charles the First of blessed memory, was at 
the Battell of Edge Hill, in ye year of our Lord 1642, 
as he was manfully fighting in behalfe of his King and 
country, unhappily slain by a Cannon bullet. In Memory 
of whom, his mother, the Lady Bridget Kingsmill, did 
in the forty-sixth yeare of her widowhood, in the year 
of our Lord 1670, erect this monument.” I have fought a 
good fight, I have finished my course, henceforth is 
laid up for me a crown of righteousness.’ No portion 
of this monument is now existing in the Churchyard at 
Radway, but in the Church is, or was a few years ago, 
preserved the interesting reclining but mutilated effigy, 
for the helmet,legs, feet, and left hand are gone, exhibiting 
the Royalist as attired in trunk hose, a buff coat, a scarf 
crossing from the right shoulder to the left thigh, and 
a loose falling cravat about the neck. The latter shews 
the change in fashion between 1642 and 1670, and the 
sculptor has taken his notion of military costume from 
that existing at the time this monument was erected 
rather than that of the time when the cannon bullet 
proved fatal. I need hardly add that this effigy, though 
mutilated, and of a comparatively late period, is, in 
my opinion, one of the most interestizg in this. county. 
As such, I have had it drawn and engraved by a competent 
artist. I have endeavoured to take a chronological view 
of affairs, and there is still enough matter, subsequent 
to this battle, relative to the civil wars in this county 
to form a subsequent paper. The so-called battle of 
Birmingham, the attacks on Compton House and Aston 
_ Hall, the fortification and arming of the Castles of Warwick 
and Tamworth and the principal mansion houses, in this 
county, the movement of troops, the names of those of 


26 


the nobility and gentry of this county who, on the one 
side or the other, took a conspicuous part in these 
troublous times, of those who as Royalists had to com- 
pound for their estates, and of the flight of Charles the 
Second in disguise through this county after the fight at 
Worcester in 1651. Then of the restoration, the reaction, 
the demolition of the walls of Coventry, and the St. 
Bartholomew’s Act of 1662, which latter, though stigma- 
tised by some as harsh and savouring of intolerance, hasbeen 
by others considered as an act of retributive justice on 
that party which had plundered, insulted, ejected from 
their livings many of the clergy of the Church of England, 
and had proscribed the Book of Common Prayer. 


The Annual Winter Meeting of the WARWICKSHIRE 
Naturauist’s and ArcHxotocist’s Fietp Cius was held 
at the Museum, Warwick, on the 20th of February, 1868. 

The President read the report of the year 1867, and 
regretted his inability to prepare a special paper for the Club, 
but gave a short viva voce Archzological address, in which 
he especially alluded to the exploration of Palestine, now in 
progress. 

The Rev. P. B. Bropin, M.A., F.G.S., (Vice-President and 
Hon. Sec.) then read an interesting paper, entitled “a sketch 
of the Lias generally in England, and of the “Insect and 
Saurian beds,” especially in the lower division in the counties 
of Warwick, Worcester, and Gloucester, with a particular 
account of the fossils which characterize them. 

Mr. W. G. Frerton read a paper on “ Buried Coventry.” 

Dr. CorFieLD afterwards gave a short viva voce account of 
the Extinct Volcanoes of the Eifel. 

An animated discussion took place on some of the above 
papers, in which Messrs. Bloxam, Brodie, Parker, * and 
Wyles took part. 

A paper was also read by the Prestpent (for the Rev. W. 
Johnson), on “The advantages of literary and scientific 
inquiries, local museums, and local observations, and on the 
aids which might be found for them.” 


27 


Mr. Parker referred to the loss which science had sustained 
in the death of Dr. Daubeny, Professor of Botany at Oxford ; 
and made some remarks on the river Moselle. 

Mr. Bronte alluded to the discovery of a new reptile, the 
Hyperodapedon,* in the lower Keuper at Coten End, *W: ar- 
wick, two portions of jaws, with teeth, being in the Warwick 
Museum, and two (one’of which shows a considerable portion 
of the cranium) in Mr. Brodie’s collection. The others be- 
long to Dr. Lloyd. They are of special interest, because they 
determine the age of the long-disputed Elgin sandstone in 


Scotland, which, having been supposed to belong to the Old 


Red Sandstone, must now be placed higher up. in the New 
Red. These were determined by Professor Huxley, who has 
also obtained a fine series of remains of the same animal from 
Africa, India, and Scotland, and have been described by him 
in the last number of the J ournal of the Geological Society. 

The Club held their first summer meeting on Tuesday, 
May 26th, 1868, at Coventry. The object of the visit was 
to inspect the many and interesting medizval remains for 
which this city is so famous. .The ancient Manor House of 
Cheylesmore, where Edward the Black Prince occasionally 
resided; the great Park hollow, scene of the martyrdoms 
under the Marian and previous persecutions; the city wall; 
St. Mary’s hall; and the spot where the Cathedral once 
stood were successively visited. 

Mr. W. OpELL gave an account of the discovery of the 
remains of the west end, and the result of the excavations 
made at different times in the neighbourhood. 

An interesting address on the History and Antiquities of 
the City was afterwards “delivered by Mr. Parker, in which 
the most notable features were the account of the founding of 
the Priory by Lady Godiva, and a critical examination of 
the legendary story of her ride through the city, which he 


* They belong to one species, ‘Hyperodapedon Gordoni,’ Huxley, 


28 


showed, from good authority, to be fabulous; the erection of 
St. Michael’s, and the walls of the city. ene 
The.summer meeting was held at Oxford, on June 24th, 
1868. 

The Club was greatly indebted to Mr. Parker and Professor 
Phillips for their kind hospitality and the service they ren- 
dered in guiding them to the most interesting localities, 
and explaining the various sections en route. This made 
their visit to Oxford particularly agreeable and instructive, 
and one long to be remembered in the annals of the Club. 

The last meeting was held at Harbury, on August 28th, 
1868. The members carefully examined the fine and instruc- 
tive Lias section on the line of railway, the details ot which 
were pointed out by the Rev. P. B. Brodie, and asa full 
account has already been given by him in a former number 
of the proceedings, no further details need be added here. It 
affords an instructive ascending section from the red marl 
(N. R. 8.) to the Lima beds, the white lias intervening, 
which the members traced up and obtained several of the 
characteristic fossils, the local Pecten Pradoanus being the 
most remarkable, a shell hitherto only noticed in the Lias in 
Spain. 


29 


Additions to the Museum andy Library, 
GEOLOGY... a 


DONATIONS. 


Tlenus perovalis, Lower Llandeilo flags, Rilton, 
Castle, Shropshire. 


Piece of Red Chalk, Hunstanton. sigs by 
Sarcinula Phillipsii, Mountain Lime, Corwen, Wales. Pp. fe Feoiiie: 
Cyathophyllum paracida, ditto, ditto. 


Group of Ogygia Buchii, Llandeilo flags, Llandeilo. 

Conglomerate of Gravel, (Mother Stones), from Henley-in-Arden, 
Presented by G. R. Dartnell, Esq. 

Spines of Cidaris, “Guinea” Bed, from Stretton-on-Dunsmore. 
Presented by R. F. Tomes, Esq. ; 

Ammonites Rotiformis, from Stockton. Presented by J.-W. Kirshaw, 
Esq. , 


LIBRARY. 
DONATIONS. 


Copy of Speed’s Map of Warwickshire, 1610. Presented by J. W. 
Kirshaw, Esq. ac 

Catalogue of the Collection of Works of Art and Vertu, formed by the 
late Mr. Charles Redfern, of Warwick. Presented by the Executors 
of the late Mr. Redfern. — 


MISCELLANEODS. 
DONATIONS. | . 


Male and Female “Sarcoramphus Conder.” Presented by Dr.O’Callaghan 
LL.D. 

Skull of the “Bor Longipues,” and the “'Lusscrofa,”. from the Drift, 
near Alcester. Presented by R..F. Tomes, Esq. 

Green Lizard, from South of Europe. Presented by Dr. O’ Callaghan, 
LL.D. 


30 


Two Parakeets from Australia: Ios Swainsoni, Eos, Peunanti. 
Presented by a Lady, from Mr. Aspa, through the hands of Dr- 
O'Callaghan, LL.D. 

Casts (1) Babylonian Cylinder, c. 2050 B.C: 

(2) Pheenectian Inscription (original in British Museum). 
Presented by C. D. Greenway, Esq. 

Roman Sepulchral Urn, found at Snitterfield. Presented by Mr. 
Callaway. 

Stag Horn, from Drift at Chadbury. Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq. 

Eight Horses’ Teeth, found in digging the foundation of a new House 
at Welcombe, near Stratford-on-Avon. Presented by Mr. Callaway. 


LIBRARY. e 
PURCHASES. 


Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 2and3. 4th series. 
Camden Society’s Publications :— 
No. 96. Sir Kenelm Digby's Voyage, 1628. 
No. 97. Dingley’s History from Marble. Part II. 
No. 98. Relations between England and Germany, 1619—20. 
Manningham’s Diary. 
Dugdale’s Antiquities of Warwickshire, in 2 vols., 1780. Revised by 
William Thomas, D.D, 
Lyell’s Principles of Geology. Vol. 1 and 2. 
Murchison’s Siluria, fourth edition. 
Geological Magazine, 47 to 58. 
Palzontographical Society’s Publications .— 
Vol, 22.—Supplement to the Fossil Corals. Part II, No. 1. Cretaceous. 
Fossil Merostomata. Part II. Pterygotus. 
Fossil Brachiopoda. Part VII, No. 3. Silurian. 
Belemnitid = Part IV. Liassic and Oolitic Belemnites. 
Reptilia of the Kimmeridge Clay. No. III. 
Pleistocene Mammalia. Part IIT. 
Popular Science Review. Part 29 to 32. 
Ray Soeiety’s. Publications :—. 
The Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown, Esq, 
D.C.L., F.R.S., &c. Vol. ITI... Atlas of Plates. 
Vegetable Teratology. _Mr..T.\ Masters. 


8 &L PSTF : & 8. Shr 


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32 
OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 


1869-70. 


PATRON. 


Tae Ricut Honovrast:; THE Hart or Warwick. 


PRESIDENT. 


Epwarp Greaves, Ese., M.P. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS. 


Tue Ricot HonovrasLe THE Hart or AYLESFORD. 
Cuartes Houte Bracesrivez, Esa. 
Water Henry Bracesrinvce, Esa. 

Tae Ricut Honovraste Lorp Dormer. 
James DuGpates, Esa. 
Tue Ricgut HonovraBLe THE Hart or CAMPERDOWN. 
Ricuarp Greaves, Esa. 

James Cove Jones, Eso., F.8.A., M.N.S. 
Tre Ricut Honovnaste Lorp Lerten, F.Z.8. 
Grorcz Luoyp, Ese., M.D., F.G.S. 

Sir Georce Ricuarp Pars, Barr. 

Marx Pumps, Esa. 

Evetyn Pamir Surrey, Esq., F.S.A. 

Joun Sraunton, Esa. 

Tre Ricut Honovraste Lorp Witiovessy DE Broke. 


Henry CuristopHerR Wisk, Esq., M.P. 


HONORARY SECRETARIES. 


Tue Rev. Perer Bextuincer Bropm, M.A., F.G.S. 
Joun Wittiam Kirsuaw, F.G.S. 


33 
HONORARY CURATORS: 


Geology und Mineralogy. 


The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S. | JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S. 
GEORGE LLOYD, Esgq., M.D., F.G.S R. F. TOMES, Esq., F.Z.S. 
WILLIAM VAUGHAN RUSSELL, Ese., F.G.S, 


otany. 


FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esg., F.B.8,E. 


Zoology. 
GEORGE LLOYD, Esqa., M.D., F.G.S. _ | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esq., F.Z.S» 
The REV, HENRY J. TORRE, B.A. 


Gntomology, 


REV. W. BREE. | J. 8. BALY, Esq, F.L.S. 


Archivologn. 
MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esa | JOHN FETHERSTON, Jun., Esq ,F.S A, 
P. O'CALLAGHAN, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A- 


Pibrary. 


CHARLES DURNFORD GREENWAY, Esa. 


AWD): EO R: 
KELYNGE GREENWAY, Ese. 

COUNCIL. 
The PATRON THOMAS COTTON. Esq. 
The PRESIDENT MAJOR GENERAL JOHN H. FREER. 
The VICE-PRESIDENTS The REV. PHILIP S. HARRIS. 
The HONORARY SECRETARIES THOMAS LLOYD, Esq, 
The HONORARY CURATORS W.H. PARSEY, Esq., M.D. 
The TREASURER JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS. Esq. 
The AUDITOR THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES. Esq. 
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. THOMAS THOMSON, Esge., M.D. 
The REV. WILLIAM BREE, JOHN TIBBITS, Esq., MD. 


34 
LIST OF MEMBERS, 


1869. 


HONORARY MEMBERS. 

Tue Rey. Apam Sepewror, B.D., F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.S., 
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and 
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of 
Cambridge, dc. 


Rossert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.SS. L. & E., F.R.C.P.E. 
F.L.S., F.G.8., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy 
and Zoology at the University College, London, éc., 
Grafton Place, Huston Square, London. 


Joun Pumps, Esg., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.8., Professor of 
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University of 
Oxford, déc., Oxford: 


Ligutrenant - Coronet Wituiam Henry Syxus, M. P., 
F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.S., &., 47, Albion Street, Hyde 
Park, London. 


Samurt Brrou, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Keeper of Oriental 
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of the 
Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin, 
Gottingen, Herculaneum, dc., &c. 


Ausert Way, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British 
Archaeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the *‘ Comité des 
Arts et Monuments, Wonham near Reigate, Surrey. 


Grorer Luoyvp, Esa., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham Heath. 


Wituram Bintey Droxinson, Eso., M.N.S., Leamington, 


35 
MEMBERS. 


THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS. 


The Right Honourable Earl of Aylesford, Packington 
Hall, Vice-President. 

W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington. 

Henry Baly, Esq., M.P.8.; Warwick. 

J. 8. Baly, Esq., F.L.8., Warwick. 

Richard Barnett, Hsq., Coten End, Warwick. 

William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington. 

Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator. 

*Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice- 
President. 

Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sher- 
bourne, Vice-President. 

The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Rowington, 
Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator. 

_ John Coulson Bull, Esq., Leamington. 

Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick. ° 

The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Harl Brooke 
and Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron. 

William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Charles Marriott Caldecott, Hsq., Holbrooke Grange, near 
Rugby. 

P. O'Callaghan, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.8.A., Leamington, 
Member of Council. 

Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick. 

Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick. 

Thomas Cotton, Hsq., Park-field House, Kenilworth, 
Member of Council. 

Thomas Bellamy Dale, Esq., Warwick. 

The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord 
Dormer, Grove Park, Vice-President. 


36 


‘The Right Honourable the Earl of Camperdown, Vice- 
President. 

James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Vice-President. 

John Fetherston, Junr., Esq., F.S.A., Packwood House, 
Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator. 

Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Kenilworth, Member 
of Council. 

Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill. 

*Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P., Avonside, Barford, Vice- 
President and Treasurer. 

Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House, Warwick, Vice- 
President. 

Miss Greenway, Warwick. 

Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Charles Durnford Greenway, Esq., Hon. Curator. 

The Rey. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, 
Leamington. 

Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, 
London, W.C. 

Sir Robert N.C. Hamilton, Bart., K.C.B., Avon Cliff, 
Stratford-upon-Avon. 

The Rev. Philip 8. Harris, Leicester Hospital, Warwick, 
Member of Council. 

The Rey. 8. C. Hamerton, Northgate, Warwick. 

Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

Richard Child Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon. 

Richard Hosken, Esq., Leamington. 

The Rev. Thomas Jackson, Hatton. 

James Cove Jones, Hsq., F.S.A., M.N.§., Loxley House, 
Vice-President. 

A. Keene, Esq., Eastnor House, Leamington. 

F. E. Kitchener, Esq., Rugby, F.L.S. 

Miss Kimberly,} Warwick. 


37 


John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary 
and Hon. Curator. 

Thomas Lloyd, Esq., the Priory, Warwick, Member of 
Council. 

The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh, 
F.Z.S., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President. 

The Rev. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy. 

Mr. James Mallory, Werwick. 

John Moore, Esq., Warwick. 

George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick. 

Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick. 

The Rey. Chalres Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton. 

William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton, Member of 


Council. 

Arthur Wellesley Peel, Esq., M.P., Sandy, Bedfordshire. 

The Rev. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New 
Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C. 

Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near 
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President. 


Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice- 
President. 


The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., Beauchamp Terrace Kast, 
Leamington. 

Josiah Yeomans Robins, Esq., Myton, Member of Council. 

The Rey. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth. 


William Vaughan Russell, Hsq., F.C.S., Leamington, 
Hon. Curator. 


Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street, 
Leamington, Member of Council. 

Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F.S.A., Eatington Park, 
near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President. 

William Smith, Esq., Warwick 

John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council. 

Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 8, Clarence Terrace, 
Leamington, Vice-President. 


38 


John Tibbits, Esq., M.D., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Welford, near Strat- 
ford-on-Avon, Hon. Curator. 

The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator. 

Frederick Townsend, Eisq., M.A., F.B.S.H., Oakfield, 
Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

William Walker, Esq., Warwick. 

James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford- 
upon-Avon. 

*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bed- 
worth. 

The Right Honourable Henry Verney, Lord Willoughby- 
de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President. 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek 
Wootton, Vice-President. 

J. Wimbridge, Esq., Warwick. 

Sir Trevor Wheler, Bart., Leamington. 

Edward Wood, Esq.. Newbold Hall, Rugby. 

The Rey. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash. 


389 


Vist of Patrons and Presidents. 


1836—1853 


1853—1870 


1836—1837 
1837—1838 
1838—1839 
1839—1840 
184£0—1841 


1841—1842 
1842—1843 
1843—1844 
1844—1845 
1845—1846 
1846—1847 


1847—1848 
1848—1849 
1849—1850 
1850—1851 
1851—1852 
1852—1853 
1853—1854 
1854—1855 
1855—1856 
1856—1857 


1857—1858 
1858—1859 
1859—1860 
1860—1861 
1861—1862 
1862—1863 
1863—1864 
1864—1865 
1865—1866 
1866—1867 
1867—1868 
1868—1869 
1869—1870 


From 1836 to 1870. 


PATRONS. 


The Right Honourable Henry Richard Greville, Earl 
Brooke and Earl of Warwick, K.T., LL.D. 


The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl 
Brooke and Earl of Warwick. 


PRESIDENTS. 


Chandos Leigh, Esq., F.ELS. 

Sir John Mordaunt, Bart., M.P. 

Sir John Eardley Eardley Wilmot, Bart., M.P., F.R.S. 

William Holbeche, Esq., F.G.3. 

The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Lord 
Brooke. 

Charles Holte Bracebridge, Esq. 

William Staunton, Esq. 

Sir Francis Lawley, Bart., F.H.S., F.Z.S. 

Sir Gray Skipwith, Bart. 

Sir John Robert Cave Browne Cave, Bart. 

The Most Honourable Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton, 
Marquess of Northampton, D.C.L., Preswent R.S., 
F.S.A., Hon. M.R.1.A., F.G.S. 

Evelyn John Shirley, Hsq., M.P. 

The Honourable William Henry Leigh. 

Sir Theophilus Biddulph, Bart. 

Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq. 

Mark Philips, Esq. 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq. 

John Staunton, Esq. 

Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq. 

Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq. 

The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord 
Leigh, F.Z.S. 

Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq. 

The Rey. Vaughan Thomas, B.D. 

Sir George Richard Philips, Bart. 

Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P. 

Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P. 

John Staunton, Esq. 

John Staunton, Esq. 

Richard Greaves, Esq. 

Richard Greaves, Esq. 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S. 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S. 

James Dugdale, Esq. 

James Dugdale, Esq. 


40 


The Meetings of the Council are held on the First 
Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January, 
and the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Easter week. 


The Musevm is open daily to the Members and their 
Friends from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of 
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Eleven 
o’clock to Four between the First of November and the 
last day of February. 


Non-Subscribers are admitted on payment of an 
admission fee of sixpence each. 


The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on 
Mondays and Tuesdays. 


The Annual Subscriptions for 1869 are due on the 24th 
day of May; and the Council request that the Subscribers 
will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at the Bank 
of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, Warwick; 
or to Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of 
Subscriptions, Leicester Street, Leamington. 


PERRY, PRINTER, NEW STREET, WARWICE. 


hi rae 
boise Joye 


‘a. 


WARWICKSHIRE 


-||NATURAL HISTORY 


AND 


“|| Breheological Society. 


—_»—___. 


WARWICKSHIRE 


NATURAL HISTORY 
 ARCHROLOGICAL SOCIETY, 


ESTABLISHED MAY 24rn, 1836. 


THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS, 
READ AT THE 


ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 22nd, 1870. 


In presenting the annual a, Council congratu- 


Jate the Members on ‘the continued prosperity of the 
Society. 

Some valuable additions have been made to the Museum 
and Library, by donation and purchase, during the past 
year. ‘ 

The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arrang- 
ing a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and 
some of the new cases are already nearly filled, anda 
small but judicious annual outlay in specimens and 
cabinets, when required, with the aid also of friendly 
donations, will soon make the entire Geological collection 
most valuable and instructive, and one of the best out of 
London. At present the collections of Natural History 
and Geology form a good educational medium for all 
classes, and it is of the utmost importance to maintain 
and increase its efficiency. » 


2 


The fine example of the ‘“‘ Megacerous ’—‘‘ Fossil deer 
of Ireland,’’ from Lough Gur, near Limerick, which was 
presented to the Society by the late Richard Greaves, 
Esq., is now placed in the Geological room of the Museum. 

Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is 
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the 
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be 
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than 
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a 
collection properly, and for the same reason it is much 
less profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes 
of general instruction. 

Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, 
there are several formations which are still very defective, 
amongst which may be enumerated the following :—The 
Focene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce, 
Headon hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. London 
Clay Fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and Lower 
Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower Silurian 
will be very acceptable. The aid of the members is particu- 
larly requested in procuring fossils from the County, 
especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian, as it 
should be the chief aim of all local Museums to have as fine 
a suite as possible from the strata which occur in the 
immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire 
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out. 


ARCHAOLOGY. 
The Roman Coffin, found in the excavation for the rail- 
way near Alcester, which was purchased for the Society, 
has been set up at the entramce-door of the Museum. 


BRITISH MAMMALIA. 
Although no addition has been made to the British 
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the 


3 


collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assistance 
in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which migrate, 
and which therefore in some species can only be obtained 
as stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and though some, 
are rarer than others, all may be obtained with tolerable 
certainty, by those residing in such parts of the country as 
they are known to inhabit. With the exception of the 
marine species, such as the Whales and Porpoises, there 
are none which might not take their place in our collection 
of British fere. We have already some of the largest of the 
land animals, as the Red Deer and Roebuck, both presented 
by Edward Greaves, Esq. A mounted specimen of the 
Fallow Deer, and of the two kinds of Martin, i.e. the 
yellow breasted and the white breasted Martin, would go 
far towards the completion of the terrestrial Mammalia of 
Great Britain. We earnestly hope that some friends to 
this Institution will kindly furnish one or other of these 
desiderata. Of the smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and 
Bats, a few kinds are wanting, but these the Curators 
believe they shall before long be able to supply. 


ENTOMOLOGY. 


The Entomological collection is in the course of arrange- 
ment in the New Cabinet, the Aculeate Hymenoptera, 
occupying nine drawers, are already arranged, and it is 
proposed shortly to commence on the Coleoptera. 

The majority of scientific Hntomologists residing in or 
near London, have confined their researches principally to 
the Metropolitan district or to the Southern counties of 
England ; consequently the Midland counties present an 
almost unworked field, which must contain very many 
interesting novelties. 

Warwickshire from its high state of cultivation has but 
few waste spots, on which Insects usually abound, but its 


£ 


varied soil and numerous woods will doubtless yield great 
results to the efforts of a zealous collector. Those of our 
members living in the country are earnestly solicited to 
preserve and forward to our Curators any specimens that 
may fall in their way. Lepidoptera may be captured im 
pill-boxes and Killed by means of a few drops of Chloroform. 
Coleoptera and other orders should be put into a bottle in 
which has been previously placed a small quantity of 
bruised laurel leaves, the prussic acid contained in the 
leaves not only very quickly killing the Insects but also 
preserving them fresh, and in a state for setting for a 
considerable length of time. 


ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION. 


When the repairs of the Museum were brought to a close, 
the room containing the collection underwent a thorough 
cleaning, and the specimens were taken out, examined, 
carefully cleaned, and returned to the cases. The windows 
of the rooms, the approaches to which were awkwardly 
blocked up with cases, were relieved of their obstructions, 
the specimens which were in these cases being transported 
to their proper places in the series to which they respectively 
belonged. But the most important change which has been 
made in this department, is the separation of the British 
from the Exotic species. Im nearly all the extensive 
Natural History Museums in Europe the native species 
are now fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately 
been the case in our National Museum, and whereas the 
observer had before this change to seek laboriously through 
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated 
specimens which had formed the collection of some 
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel 
Montague,—he may now see them all placed side by side 
in the gallery devoted. to British Zoology. And. with them 


5) 


he may also see ranged: the gems from the collection of the 
late Mr. Yarrell. The advantage of such an arrangement 
is obvious. 

Tt has been observed, with great truth, ‘that you cannot 
vie with the larger Museums in a general collection, but 
you may excel them if you confine yourselves to a purely 
local collection.” Fully agreeing with this opinion, the 
Hon. Curators, while enlarging the collection of British 
Birds, purpose to do so, as much as possible, by means: of 
specimens obtained in Warwickshire, or the contigious 
Counties. They offer these remarks in the hope that the 
friends of the Institution will assist them in carrying out 
their views, by donation of some of the species forming 
the following list of desiderata :— 


Order 1, Accipitress, Linn. 


Egyptian Vulture .. .. .. Neophron Percnopterus (Linn.) 
Griffon Vulture .. «. Gyps fulvus (Gmel.) 
Rough-legged Buzzard . -. Archibuteo Lagopus (Briin.) 
Spotted Eagle.. .. «+. «+ Aquila nevia (Gmel.) Mey 
Jer-falcon’. we » «se «+ Falco Gyrfalco, Linn. 

Red-footed Falcon . we ee =e ~Linnunculus vespertinus (Linn.) 
Swallow-tailed Kite... .. .. Nauclerus fercatus (Linn.) Vigors. 
Goshawk .. .. «. «.- «. Astur palumbarius (Linn.) Bechst. 
Montagu’s Harrier.. .. .. Circus cinérascens (Mont.) 


Hawk Owl -. Surnia ulula (Linn.) Bonap, 
Snowy Owl [British specimen] Nyctea nivea (Thunb.) 
Little Owl.. .. .. Athene noctua (Retz.) 


Great-eared Owl [female] .. Bubo maximus, Sibb. 
Tengmalm’s Owl .. .. «. Nyctale Tengmalmi (Gmel.) Strickl. 


Order 2. Passeres, Ouv. 


Alpine Swift .. .. «. «. Cypselus’ Melba, Linn. 
Roller. +» Goracias garrula, Linn. 
Bee-eater [British specimen]. . Merops Apiaster (Linn:); 
Dartford Warbler .. «. «. Sylvia undata (Bodd.) 
Garden Warbler [female] .. Sylvia hortensis (Penn,) 
Fire-crested Regulus «. «« Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm, 
Plain-crowned Kinglet .. «. Regulus proregulus (Pall.) 
Black Redstart [Brit. pend Ruticilla tithys (Scop.) 
Blue-throated Warbler .. Cyanecula, suecica, Linn. 
Alpine Accentor .. «+ «. Accentor alpinus, Gmel. Bechst, 
Crested Tit .. .. «« «. Parus cristatus, Linn. 
White Wagtail.. ..  -. .. Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.] 
Grey-headed Wagtail, .. Motacilla fiqva, Linn, 


dock Wipitys ssl bgea 
Richard’s Pipit.. .. .. 
White’s Thrush .. .. 
Rock Thrush .. .. 
Golden Oriole . 2 
Golden-vented Thrush 


Gt. Ash-coloured Shrike Ag 


Woodchat Shrike .. .. 
Nutcracker .. 


Rose-colored Ouzel[ Brit. spec. j 


Red-winged Starling 
Mountain Linnet ° 
Cirl Bunting riGebrat 
Ortolan Bunting .. .. 
Lapland Bunting .. . 
Short-toed Lark .. .. 
Crested Lark .. .. .. 
Shore Lark Be 
Parrot Cross-bill .. 
White-winged Cross- bill. . 


. 


Order 8. 


- Coccyzus americanus (Linn.) 


American Cuckoo .. 
Great spotted Cuckoo 


Rock Dove .. .. .. 
Passenger Pigeon .. .. 


Order 5, 


Barbary Partridge .. .. 
Andalusian Hemipode .. 
Virginian Colin .. .. 


Order 6, 


Great Buzzard... .. «- 
Little Buzzard... .. .. 


Order 7. 


. Gdicnemus crepitans, Temm. 
. Cursorius gallicus (Gmel.) 

. Charadrius Cantianus, Lath. 
- Grus cinerea, Bechst. 

. Ardea alba, Gmel. 


Great Plover .. 
Cream-coloured Courser.. 
Kentish Plover.. .. «. 
Crane - en? tea 
Great White Heron af 
Egret [British specimen] 
Squacco Heron ares ae 
Buffed-backed Heron .. 
American Bittern .. .. 
Spoon-bill.. .. .. « 
White Stork .. .. .«. 
Black Stork .. .. .. 


6 


. Anthus spinoletia (Linn.) 


“ Anthus Richardi (Vieill.) 
. Turdus varius, Horsf. 


ee 


eo. 


. Turdus saxatilis, Linn. 


Oriolus Galbula, Linn. 

Pycnonotus aurigaster (Vieill.) 

Lanius Exicubitor, Linn, 

. Enneoctonus refus (Briss.) 

. Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linn.) Briss. 
Pastor roseus (Linn.) Temm. 


. Agelaius pheniceus (Linn.) Vieill. 
. Fringilla flavirostris, Linn, 


Emberiza Cirlus, Linn. 
Emberiza hortulana, Linn. 


. Plectrophanes lapponicus (Linn.) Selb, 


.. Alauda brachydactyla, Temm. 


. Alauda cristata, Linn. 
. Octocoris alpestris (Linn.) 


.. Loxia pityopsittacus, Bechst. 
. Lowia leucoptera, Gmel. 


Scansores, Ill, 


‘ - Oxylophus glandarius (Linn.) 
Order 4, 


Columb, Lath. : 


- Columba Livia, Briss. 


. Ectopistes migratorius (Linn.) Swains. 


oe 


Galline, Linn. 


Caccabis petrosa (Lath.) 
Turnix gibraltaricus (Gmel.) Gould. 
Ortyx virginianus (Linn.) Gray. 


Struthiones, Lath. 


Otis trada, Linn: 
Otis tetrax, Linn. 


Gralle, Linn. 


Ardea Gazetta, Linn. 


. Ardea Comata, Pall. 

. Ardea Coromanda, Bodd. 

. Batayrus lentiginosus, Mont. 
. Platalea leucorodia, Linn. 

. Ciconia alba, Briss: 


. Ciconia nigra, Bechst. 


Dh ee, Oe 


© 


Spotted Redshank .. .. 
Wood Sandpiper 

Avocet .. .- o- 
Black-winged Stilt .. .. 
Buff-breasted Sandpiper... 
Broad-billed Sandpiper .. 
Schintz’s Sandpiper .. 
Pectoral Sandpiper.. .. 
Brown Snipe .. .. «. 
Sabine’s Snipe.. .. .. 
Red-necked Phalarop 

Ballion’s Crake .. .. 
Little Crake .. .. 


Order 8. 


Spur-winged Goose.. .. 
Common Wild Goose .. 
White-fronted Goose .. 
Pink-footed Goose .. .. 
Bernicle Goose ve 
Red-breasted Goose.. .. 
Polish Swan .. .. «. 
Whistling Swan .. .. 
Bewick’s Swan... .. «. 
American Swan... .. 
Ruddy Shieldrake .. .. 
American Wigeon .. .. 
Bimaculated Duck .. 
Gadwall 


Red-crested Whistling Duck. 


Scaup Pochard ELL Sete 
Ferruginous Duck .. .. 
Harlequin Garrot .. ... 
Long-tailed Hareld... ... 
Steller’s Western Duck ... 
King Duck... we we 
Surf Scoter ... .. os 
Red-breasted Merganser 
Hooded Merganser... 
Red-necked Grebe ws. os 
Sclavonian Grebe ... ... 
Great Auk... ... see ove 
Manx Shearwater.... ... 
Cinereous Shearwater ... 
Wilson’s Petrel .. «. 
Forked-tailed Petrel ... 
Bulwer’s Petrel .. «. 
Buffon’s Squa ... se ave 
Common Squares oe oe 
Glaucous Gull... ... os 
Teeland Gull ... ... os 
Little Gull Rcepeete pitece 
Sabine’s Gull ... ease 
TvoryGull... 1... we ase 


7 


. Totanus stagnalis, Bechst. 

. Totanus Glareola (Linn.) Temm. 
. Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn. 

. Himantosus Candidus, Bonn. 

. Tringa refescens, Vieill. 

. Tringa platyrhyncha, Temm, 

. Tringa Schinzii, Brehm. 

. Tringa pectoralis, Say. 


Macroramphus griseus (Gmel.) Leach. 
Gallinago Sabini, Vigors. 


. Phalarophus hyperboreus (Linn.) Cuvier. 
. Ortygometra pygme, Naum. 


Ortygometra minuta, Pall. 


Anseres, Linn. 


. Plectopterus gambensis (Linn.) Steph. 


Anser ferus, Gesn. 


. Anser erythropus (Linn.) Flem. 
- Anser Brachyrhynchus, Baill. 
- Bernicla leucopsis (Bechst.) 


-- Bernicla ruficollis (Pall.) Steph. 


- Cygnus immutadilis, Yarrell. 


Cygnus ferus, Ray. 

Cygnus minor, Pall. 

Cygnus americanus, Sharpeless. 
Casarka rutila, Pall. 


- Mareca americana (Gmel.) Steph. 
- Querquedula bimaculata, Penn. 


Chaulelasmus strepera, Linn. 
Branta rufina (Pall.) Boie. 
Fuligula Marila (Linn.) Steph. 


- Nyroca leucophthalma (Bechst.) Flem. 


- Glangula histrionica (Linn.) Steph. 


-- Harelda glacialis (Linn.) Leach. 


-- Einiconetta Stelleri, Pall. 


Somateria spectabilis (Linn.) Steph. 


- Oidemia perspicillata (Linn.) Steph. 


- Mergus Serrator, Linn. 


Mergus cucullatus, Linn. 


- Prodiceps grisegena (Bodd.) Lath. 


Prodiceps Cornutus (Gmel.) Lath. 


- Alca impennis, Linn. 
- Pufinus Anglorum, Ray. 
- Pufinus cinereus, Gmel. 


- Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl. 


«- Thalassidroma Leachii, Temm. 
. Thalassidroma Bulweri (J. & 8.) Gould, 
. Stercorarius cephus, Brin. 
. Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn, 
- Laurus glaucus, Briin. 
- Laurus leucopterus, Faber. 


. 
. 


Laurus minutus, Pall. 


- Xema Sabini, Leach. 


Pagophila eburnea (Gmel.) Kaup. 


8 


Caspian Tern ... «2 «+ «6 Sterna caspia, Pall. 

Gulled Lilled Tern... ... ... Sterna anglica, Mont. 

Sandwith Tern see eee wee Sterna cantica, Gml. 

Roseate Tern ... . Sterna paradisea, Briin. 

White-winged Biack "Tors ase ~ Hydrocheidon nigra, Linn. 

Black Noddy .. .. «: .. Anéus stolidus (Linn.) Catesby. 
BOTANY. 


The Council report, with much pleasure, that sufficient 
money has been raised to purchase the valuable Herbariwm 
collected by the late Mr. Perry, and the thanks of the 
Society are due to those friends who have presented it 
to the Museum. Through the exertions of the Rev. C. F. 
Thorneville, lately resident for a short time in Warwick, 
the Collection has been carefully examined, a report drawn 
up on the condition of the specimens, and a list made out 
of the desiderata. The Council have now under con- 
sideration the best mode of arranging the Herbarium, and 
of rendering its contents available for the use of such 
Botanical students as may wish to consult it. 


LIBRARY. 

An opportunity occurred to purchase a very good copy 
ofthe second Edition of Dugdale’s Antiquities of Warwickshire, 
by Dr. Thomas, of which the Council availed themselves, 
considering that it was very desirable to have it in the 
Library for reference. 

A Catalogue of Books in the Library has been made, to 
the 31st December, 1867, and a copy was sent to each 
Member. : 

The Council will be glad to receive presents of any works 
of Local interest, for the Library. 

Any member wishing to take a Book from the Library, 
is particularly requested to see that an entry is made in the 
book kept for that purpose, which is on the Library table. 
The date must also be entered when the book is returned. 


9 


Before Members are allowed to take Books out of the 
Library, a deposit of ten shillings is required. Some of 
the Books cannot be taken away from the Library. 

The Accounts for the year have been audited, and the 
General Financial Statement, to March 31st, 1870, is 
appended to this report. 

The Museum, now containing a valuable and well- 
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and 
Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not 
extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is highly 
creditable to the Town and County of Warwick, and 
deserves a much greater amount of support than it has of 
late years received. An excellent foundation has been 
iaid, but much might be effected if adequate means were 
placed at the disposal of the Council. Owing to the losses, 
by death, of several subscribers during the past year, and 
the smal] number of additional members, the funds of the 
Society are in a less satisfactory condition than could be 
desired. A reference to the list of subscribers will show 
that only a few of the rich and influential residents in the 
County belong to the Society. If the members would 
solicit annual subscriptions from their friends and neigh- 
bours, it is probable that a considerable addition would 
be made to the funds of the Society. 


10 


At the Annual Meeting, after the business of the 
Society was finished, and the Officers for the ensuing 
year appointed, the following Paper ‘“‘On the Geology 
of Warwickshire’? was read by the Rev. P. B. Bropiz, 
M.A., F.G.8. :— 


The Geology of the county of Warwick, though in 
many respects less interesting than that of other counties, 
still presents many points which are well deserving atten- 
tion. In order to make it understood by general readers, 
it will be desirable to consider the strata which occur in 
regular (descending) order from the highest to the lowest. 
A very considerable portion of this area is covered by 
drift,** often local but wide spread, which belongs to the 
low level and glacial drifts. The former are to be found 
along the valley of the Avon, and consist of the usual 
finer sands and gravels with mammalian remains. At 
Warwick and Leamington this gravel contains many 
liassic fossils and pieces of Permian wood, and when 
the Jephson gardens were being made at the latter town, 
several fine remains of elephant, rhinoceros, and other 
mammalia were obtained, associated with some land and 
freshwater shells. Similar mammalian remains were 
found at Lawford, near Rugby, especially a fine jaw of 
‘rhinoceros tichorhinus,’ now in the Warwick Museum. 
There are many other places in the county where drift of 


Nore.—This Paper is, as near as possible, the substance of a lecture delivered at the 
Annual Meeting of the Warwickshire Natural History and Archzological Society, on 
April 22nd, 1870. The Author gave the audience the choice of an extempore address 
or the reading of the Paper, and the majority being in favour of the former, that 
course was accordingly adopted. The lecture was illustrated by maps, sections, and 
diagrams. 

* At the Ford in the Parish of Rowington, there is a bed of fine red and lighter 
coloured sand, averaging about thirteen feet thick, capped by a thin irregular layer of 
pebbles, occupying a small area above the brook. It contains no fossils of any kind, 
and may, perhaps be the equivalent of the deposit (d) referred to by Mr. Lloyd 
(Proceedings of the Geological Society, No. 102, January, 1870, p. 207), as occurring 
at Rugby, Leamington, and Warwick, but here there is no trace of the Boulder Clay, 
though I believe the latter is present near the Asylum at Hatton. 


id. * 


this age occurs with similar fossils.* -Of older date than 
the above, belonging probably to the glacial period, when 
extreme cold prevailed over Europe generally, is a very 
extensive deposit of drift, occupying a wide area over the 
county, and notably N. and N.W. as far as Birmingham, 
and west of Warwick. Rounded pebbles and boulders of 
various sizes and diverse mineral composition, are scattered 
in more or less abundance over the whole of this tract. 
There are boulders of sandstone, quartz pebbles, chalk 
and flints, oolites, some lias, carboniferous limestone, 
pebbles of lower Silurian age, containing some remarkable 
fossils identical with those which occur in similar pebbles 
in the New Red Sandstone at Buddleigh Salterton in 
Devonshire.+ Their presence in the Warwickshire drift 
may be accounted for in this way: Probably, up to the 
glacial epoch the upper New Red Marls existed in many 
places in situ and were for the most part denuded by the 
various oscillations and great changes of level which then 
took place ; and the lower Silurian pebbles contained in it, 


* I am informed by Mr. Rainbow that in a gravel pit in the parish of Tachbrook 
many bones, some of them of large size, and an elephant’s tooth have been occa- 
sionally found, though none of them have been preserved. The larger bones no doubt 
belonged to some of the now extinct (in this country) mammalia of the period, the 
tooth was in so friable a condition that it fell to pieces on exposure to the air. It is 
well to note all the places in this district where such fossils occur in the drift, because 
hitherto only a few have been recorded. Some specimens which he kindly sent to me 
were too imperfect to be determined, except a single plate of an elephant’s tooth. 


+ It should be noted here, that most of the fossils in the Buddleigh pebbles have 
been determined by Mr, Davidson to belong to the Devonian, and very few to be of 
older date; but the few which I have discovered in the Warwickshire drift are of 
lower Silurian species, identical with the Devonshire ones A lingula, which is of a 
peculiar form, which I lately found at Rowington in a quartzose pebble, he considerd 
to be quite new and distinct from any he had seen from Buddleigh. In the west of 
England the source of the lower Silurian pebbles seems to have been nearer, some, as 
Mr. Etheridge points out, being derived from north Devon; but it is possible that 
during the deposition of the Trias in Warwickshire, the same Silurian rocks may have 
had a partial extension in this direction, otherwise it is difficult to account for their 
origin and presence in the New Red Sandstone of this district. The fossils are very 
scarce, but quartzite and sandstone siliceou’s pebbles are abundant and widely dis- 
tributed. Any how, it is not easy to account for the occurrence of what appear to be 
really older Silurian fossils in the drift here identical with the few species of that 
“age recognised at Buddleigh Salterton, 


12 


were again rolled and scattered about over a more or less 
limited area, and intermingled with the other materials 
brought from a distance by the agency of ice. These 
pebbles of course must have been deposited in the New Red 
Sandstone, in the first instance at a much more ancient 
period, during the formation of the upper red marls, now 
almost entirely swept away, coeval with the equivalent 
Triassic bed in Devonshire ; and the inference would seem 
to be that this great lower Silurian formation, which is 
now so largely developed in Normandy, and which has 
left only a remnant in Cornwall, formerly occupied a much 
larger area in the south-west, and may also have had 
extensive ramifications towards the north-east. This is 
only another of the numerous examples of the almost 
total destruction of a once extensive formation, one of 
the broken links in the chain of geological evidence, which 
we often look for in vain, but which when found is of 
much interest and importance. In this drift are many old 
metamorphic rocks, probably derived from the north, and 
is therefore usually called northern drift, but although the 
fragments of the fossiliferous rocks are few, most of 
them seem to have travelled from all points of the 
compass, for it is reasonable to suppose that icebergs 
were often borne in different directions by adverse currents. 
The boulders are of all shapes, angular and rounded, the 
edges being often scratched and striated, as if they had 
undergone attrition by ice. It is rather remarkable that 
this glacial drift, in the more central portions of the 
county, contains comparatively few traces of the local 
Keuper Sandstone; for, as a general rule, most drifts of 
whatever age, contain a large admixture of the formation 
which prevails in the neighbourhood, as at Shipston, for 
example, on the southern borders of Warwickshire, where 
the Lias is predominant in the drift, and near Coventry 


18 


where Carboniferous rocks largely prevail. The history 
of the drifts generally, of whatever age, here and elsewhere 
is one of considerable difficulty, and a great deal more 
has yet to be done by geologists before they will be satis- 
factorily explained or clearly understood. Proceeding 
downwards in the geological scale, we have in this county 
none of the great systems, Tertiary, Cretaceous, or Oolitic, 
until we come to the Lias, which although placed by some 
geologists in the lowest Oolitic or Jurassic group should 
rather, perhaps, hold a position as a separate system by itself. 
Whether any of the three systems above-mentioned, or a 
portion of them, ever occurred here overlying the Lias and 
Trias can of course never be decided, though I think there 
is evidence of a more northerly extension of the chalk, 
and perhaps some of the Oolites may once have covered 
these older groups. The Lias* occupies a large area in 
the south, east, and west, and consists for the most part 
of the middle and lower divisions, the upper Lias being 
chiefly represented by a thin bed of clay, with some 
characteristic fossils on the hill above Fenny Compton 
and a few other places, and there is evidence to show that 
it formerly capped} the range of the Edge Hills adjacent, 
occupying its proper position above the marlstone, or 
middle Lias, of which they are mainly composed. From 
this point a good descending section may be obtained from 
the marlstone, through the underlying clays and marly- 
the county, the middle Lias forming the hills projecting in spurs to the north-west, 
and the lower division extending in the same direction, at a lower level, up to the 
southern edge of the Trias, The more central and northern parts are occupied by the 
New Red Sandstone (marls and sandstone, the former predominating), and this forms 


by far the larger portion of it, a smaller area on the north-east being filled up by the 
Permian and Carboniferous rocks. 

+ Many years ago I detected some fragments of the ‘‘fish bed,” well known in the 
lower portion of the upper Lias in Gloucestershire, at Edge Hill; so that it may be 
fairly inferred that the upper Lias, to a greater or less extent, once capped the marl- 
stone there, and has since been denuded, leaving only the harder included limestone 
(fish bed), portions of which are scattered about in the fields below the hill, 


14 


bands, to the lima beds, or zone of Ammonites Bucklandi 
to the white Lias more immediately resting upon the Red 
Marls (New Red Sandstone), within the course of a few 
miles from Fenny Compton to Harbury. The marlstone 
is largely quarried on the Avon Dasset hills, and forms a 
good building stone, being a hard marly stone, more or 
less indurated, of a green or yellow brown colour, some- 
times ferruginous. The marlstone forms a range of hills, 
of moderate height, on the eastern border of the county, 
of which Edge Hill is the highest and is a prominent 
feature, striking thence southwards towards Oxfordshire. 
The plain below, to the west, is occupied by the lower 
Lias. For the most part this formation spreads over 
the portions of the county on the north-east, east, 
south-east, south, and south-west of Warwick. East of 
that town the white Lias is the prevailing sub-division. 
The insect beds occur mostly to the south, south-west, 
and west. In this county the marlstone contains very 
few fossils, and those chiefly brachiopodous shells belong- 
ing to the genus terebratula, which has a very wide 
geological range, and still lives in the Australian seas. 
The stone, therefore, is more easily worked and is better 
adapted for economical purposes. In most cases elsewhere 
the marlstone is very fossiliferous, and abounds in marine 
shells, which are usually well preserved. The sandy 
beds immediately below are rarely exposed, but crop 
out in a lane near Bitham House, where as usual 
they contain many fossils. The inferior clays and marls 
are not visible except in some brick pits near Fenny 
Compton, and along the line of railway. They are very 
full of fossils, and at one horizon abound in a species of 
small coral (montlivaltia), gryphites, leda, hippopodium, 
belemnites, pectens, ammonites, many small anivalves, and 
numerous other marine shells. The middle Lias and sub- 


15 


jacent zones can best be studied in this neighbonrhood ; 
the lower Lias (the lima beds) at Messrs. Greaves and 
Bull’s quarries at Stockton and Harbury, and a remark- 
ably fine section is exposed in the railway cutting near 
Harbury Station. This portion of the series is also 
largely quarried at Rugby, and in other places south 
and south-east of Stratford. Taking the Harbury 
section as the type which fairly represents the rest, we 
have the following succession, viz., six beds of white rubbly 
limestone, divided by clay ; two feet of black shales, lime- 
stone with rhynchonella variabilis; one foot of dark shale; 
two feet of blue limestone, full of fucoids; ten beds of 
limestone, divided by shale ; three feet of shale; three feet 
of thickest bed of hard blue shale; two feet of irregular 
masses of limestone, embedded in shale four feet ; five beds 
of limestone, divided by shale, resting probably on shales 
which are concealed by debris. The fossils are not very 
numerous, but the following marine shells occur :— 
Gryphea incurva, Ammonites augulatus, Nautilus, Perna, 
Lima gigantea, and L. Hermanni, Pecten, Pradoanus (a 
Spanish Liassic species new to Britain), Pectens, Cardium, 
Amphiedesma, Rhynchonella variabilis, which occurs in 
a band towards the top, and a zone of fucoids. One coral 
Septastrea Fromenteli and one fish only have been detected, 
and very few remains of Saurians, chiefly bones and teeth 
of Plesiosaurus rugosus and Ichthyosaurus. Ammonites 
Bucklandi, and Couybeari which characterize this zone in 
Gloucestershire, Somerset (Bath and Bristol), and: else- 
where, do not occur here, at least they have not yet been 
recognised. They have, however, been discovered’ at 
Rugby with other shells, which do not occur at Harbury, 
and one or two species of Saurians. The thickness of the 
Lias in Gloucestershire is probably not much less than 
1,000 feet, but in Warwickshire, where the upper Lias is 


S 


16 


so feebly represented, the entire thickness, which has not 
yet been accurately ascertained, is much less. The Lima 
gigantea is a very characteristic and wide-spread species, 
and marks this division of the lower Lias everywhere 
throughout its course through the British Isles. The 
important series of strata which succeed these are not 
seen at Harbury, but are well exposed, and largely quarried 
at Messrs. Greaves and Bull’s quarries at Wilmcote, and 
at other places west of Stratford, as at Binton, Grafton, 
and Bidford, and at the remarkable outlier of Brown’s 
Wood, near Henley-in-Arden, and at another (Copt Heath) 
near Knowle,* neither of which are now worked, these two 
last are of special interest, because they shew the lowest 
beds of Lias in connection with and passing into the 
Rhetics resting immediately upon the New Red Marl, or 
highest part of the New Red Sandstone rarely seen in 
conjunction in this county. The general character of 
these lower Lias beds will be best understood by the fol- 
lowing section at Wilmcote, which, down to No. 30, fairly 
represent the rest :— 


%* At Brown’s and Stooper’s Wood, near Wootton-Wawen, the Rhetic series con- 
tain many characteristic fossils in certain calcareous bands, e. g., Pecten valonensis, 
Cardium Rheticum Pleurophorus elongatus, Avicula contorta, and others, and if 
worked would no doubt yield many more species. At Copt Heath there is a stratum 
of yellow, micaceous sandstone, full of Pullastra arenicola, which, though as usuaj 
in the form of casts, are sharp and well defined. I also lately detected pieces of stone 
which, though without any traces of bones or teeth, evidently belong to the true 
‘bone bed.’ Traces of the ‘bone bed’ are stated by Mr. Lucy to occur in the Gravel 
Pit at Snitterfield, which proves its former existence in situ in this county, as it was 
probably brought from no great distance by the same agency which conveyed the other 
Liassic fossils rocognised in the drift there. 


~ eae 


IN DESCENDING ORDER. FT. 


1.—Yellow clay : 
2.—Light coloured limestone 
3.—Dark laminated shales . 

4.—Light coloured limestone 
5.—Dark finely laminated 

shales 
6.—Grey limestone .. 
7.—Dark shale, like No. Bi 


8.—Grey limestone .. an 
9.—Dark shale re 
10.—Grey limestone .. 56 


11.—Dark shale “tc 
12.—Grey limestone .. 
13.—Dark laminated clay 
14.—Grey limestone .. 
15.—Clay, like No. 18 
16.—Grey limestone .. 
17.—Clay, like No. 13 
18.—Grey limestone .. 
19.—Clay, like No. 13 
20.—Fregmentary shelly bed 
21.—Dark, tenacious clay .. 
22,—Dark blue limestone and 
clay 
23.—Clay, like No. 13 
24.—Dark grey limestone 


el Hard crystalline lime- 
ar stone . 


Dark, slaty shale 
i Hard, shelly limestone} 3 1 
30. 


and green clay 


CFO SCORCOSCOCOCOOCOCOFMOROCrFOrF OCFOCw 


0 


_ 
=~] 


| 
4 
oes 


fm OO NwWOwmwaoxrawonoaopfporORa wmaoed 


wh 


6 


— 


BOTTOM OF THE LIAS. 


31.—Green Marl ; a5 

32.—Black shale oe aroagl! 

33.—Laminated micaceous 
shale ata ie 

34,—Shale 

35.—Ditto } 

86.—Dark shale 

37.—Dark shale 

88.—Laminated clay with 
septaria 

39.—Clay with shells and 

40, black clay } 

41.—Pyritic Stone, shelly 


0 
2 


1 
2 
2 
1 


ere 


43, | Clays oS. eae ees od) 


Total.. 48 10 dip. 2} to N.E. 


8 Estheria bed. 
6 


o ao eo 


Oo 


| 
r 
| 
| 


Lower 


Lias. 


Rhetic 


Beds. 


18 


No. 80 terminates the Lias, the strata below, from 
31 to 48, belong to the group termed Rhetic, which is 
now separated from the former, of which more will be 
said presently. The latter were ascertained to occupy 
their true position by means of a shaft sunk for that 
purpose. The higher ground round Wilmcote and Binton 
is capped by the Lima beds, so that if an entire section 
was exposed we should have a tolerably complete repre- 
sentation of the more calceoreous' portions of the lower 
Lias down to the Red Marl. The district is more-or less 
affected by small and often local faults, so that certain 
beds in one contiguous quarry are absent in another. 
The limestones are of much economical value, being 
largely employed for flooring, paving, grave-stones, and 
walls, and making hydraulic cement, to which purpose the 
Lima series at Harbury are also used by the same pro- 
prietors. They make good paving-stones, many of the 
slabs raised being of large size, but they do not weather 
well when used for grave-stones. Some of them might 
be profitably used (like some of the Purbeck limestones) 
for lithographic purposes ; with this view I sent up some 
specimens to the Exhibition in 1851. With the exception 
of remains of insects, and fragments of plants, the fossils 
are entirely marine, the species of Ammonites, A, planorbis, 
and A Johnsoni, being abundant and characteristic, and 
a few other shells occur both in the shales and lime- 
stones. Crustacea belonging to the genera Astacus and 
Eryon, the latter of great size, are not unfrequently 
met with in the insect beds. The most common 
fish are the small Pholidophorus Stricklandi and 
Tetragonolepis, a very fine and entire specimen of 
which is now in the Warwick Museum. The large 
Enaliosauorians are well represented by some fine speci- 
mens of Ichthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus, the P, megace- 


19 


phalus in the Warwick Museum being nearly entire, 
measuring 14ft. 4in. in length. The remains of plants, 
though small and fragmentary, are of considerable interest, 
because together with the insects, they afford the only 
evidence of the inhabitants of the land. Ferns and 
conifere are the predominating forms, but not very 
numerous. Large branching masses of drift-wood are 
sometimes met with. With respect to the insects, which 
are of special interest, twenty-four families and genera 
had been determined when my work on “ Fossil Insects ”’ 
was published more than twenty years ago, since which 
time many important additions have been made. The 
Coleoptera and Neuroptera are most numerous. Small 
beetles are not unfrequently found entire, single elytra 
are however most prevalent. Among these may be noted 
the families Buprestide, Elaterids, Carabide, and many 
others. 

There are remains of Orthoptera, Homoptera, Libel- 
lulide, and some Diptera. Many of the Neuroptera were 
evidently of gigantic proportions, but most of the Insecta 
were of small size and, like the associated plants, indicate 
a temperate climate, and are more nearly allied to forms 
which now inhabit North America. There are few extinct 
or unknown genera among them so different to the marine 
fauna associated with them. As the coleoptera were 
herbivorous, omnivorous, and predaceous, the land must 
have contained plants suitable to their food, and insecti- 
vorous animals to devour them in their turn. Although 
the Saurians and Mollusks indicate a warm climate, there 
is no proof of any ultra tropical heat, and it may there- 
fore be presumed that they inhabited the higher regions 
of a tropical country, such as the Himalayas, and were 
carried by streams into the ocean at greater or less dis- 
tances from land. With the scanty record which the 


20 


Lias affords of terrestrial life, the Insecta are of consider- 
able importance and interest. Although with the associated 
plants, they are only subordinate to the marine fauna in 
number and variety of species, they are the only evidence 
we have at present of the denizens of the land, and are of 
great value to the Palcentologist. Their remains are 
confined to the limestones and notably to the lowest, 
where they are most abundant. These Insect beds are 
succeeded by certain hard, fine grained limestones which 
from their ordinary white colour have been termed ‘ white 
Lias,’ and they occupy a considerable area east, south, 
and south-east, of Warwick, being occasionally quarried 
at Whitnash, Harbury, Stockton, Itchington, Newbold 
near Rugby, Loxley, and other places. Their true position 
is undoubtedly below the Insect limestones, though these 
latter seem to be wanting at Harbury, Newbold and other 
places above mentioned. Some geologists consider them 
to belong to the ‘ Rhetic series,’ others to be passage beds 
between the Lias and the latter, while others still class 
them with the Lias. As they contain some fossils which 
are purely Liassic, and others which are entirely Rhetic, 
it seems most probable that they are intermediate between 
the two, and should future investigations lead to the 
preponderance of Liassic forms over Rhetic, they would 
have to be definitly classed with the former, or with the 
latter if the reverse. They are often close-grained and 
hard limestones, and make a useful building material and 
a good lime. Their colour is mostly white, with a yellow 
tinge, and occasionally pink and grey. They contain near 
Rugby a great abundance of iron, and present a singularly 
eroded and uneven surface. I am unable to state the 
exact thickness of the white Lias, but it is not very great. 
It is a purely local deposit confined for the most part to 
this county and Somersetshire. As yet, no Saurians or 


21 


Ammonites aré known in it, and the shells which are 
exclusively marine, are not numerous nor well preserved, 
being usually in the form of casts.* There are a consider- 
able number of small corals, too imperfect to be specifically 
determined, which belong to the genus Montlivaltia. Until 
quite lately the Lias terminated with the Red Marls of the 
New Red Sandstone, but now all the strata intervening 
between the white Lias, and the latter will come within 
the ‘ Rhetic series’ of the Trias. In Warwickshire they 
are rarely exposed, and then much reduced in bulk. They 
may be seen to a limited extent below the white Lias in 
the railway cutting at Harbury, where a band of yellowish 
sandstone contains the small bivalved crustzcean Estheria 
minuta; and also, at the small outlier of Brown’s wood, 
and at Stooper’s wood, near Wootton Wawen, where this 
sandstone occurs with inferior shelly limestones and sandy 
bands, containing the usual Rheetic fossils, e. g., Cardium 
Rheticum, Avicula contorta, Pleurophorus, elongatus, 
Pecten Valonensis, and Pullastra arenicola. Below these 
are black shales, which in Gloucestershire and Som- 
ersetshire, contain a pyritious stone full of rolled bones 
and teeth of Saurians and fishes, termed from this 
fact the bone bed. My lamented friend, Hugh Strickland, 
discovered this bed near Binton, and I have observed the 
black shales and yellow sandstone, their furthest northern 
limit in this county, though without the bone bed, contain-— 
ing the Pullastra arenicola, a shell which marks the zone 
overlying the Upper Red Marl at Knowle. The largest 
outlier about a mile-and-a-half long by half-a-mile broad, 
may be observed at Copt Heath, near this village, where 
shales containing Ammonites planorbis, and associated 
limestones belonging to the lower Lias were formerly 


* Ostrea intusstriata and one or two species of Avicula (Monotis) occur in the 
white Lias, though not confined to it. 


22 


worked. The insect beds probably occur here in their 
true position, though from the absence of any section 
I have not been able to identify them in situ. This 
is an isolated patch of Lias, about 15 miles from the 
main mass lying in a hollow of the Red Marl, but it may 
be reasonably inferred that it was formerly connected with 
it, in which case the Lias must have had a wider extension 
to the north-west. At Wilmcote the Rhetics were only 
detected by means of a shaft as we have already shewn. 
They were formerly quarried south of Wootton Wawen, 
where a good series of Rhetic fossils might be obtained 
if the quarries were now worked. The extent and entire 
thickness of the Rhetics, which cannot be accurately 
ascertained in this district, is much less in this county 
than in Gloucestershire, Somersetshire, and South Wales, 
where they attain a much greater importance and develop- 
ment. By far the larger portion of the county is occupied 
by the New Red Sandstone,* the upper Red Marls being 
traceable mostly north-west of Warwick towards Bir- 
mingham —-the underlying upper Keuper Sandstone} 
between Knowle and Hatton and occupying a considerable 
though irregular area to the west, and the underlying 
Red Marls and the lower Keuper Sandstone, the former 


* I think that the clearest and simplest division of the New Red Sandstone or 
. Trias would be as follows :— 

(1) Upper New Red Marls, which immediately succeed the Rhetic beds seen on the 
canal bank at Copt Heath, on the high road between Preston and Henley, where the 
upper sandstones have been cut through and are capped by the upper Red Marls on 
the rising ground to the south; a similar section is also exposed near Greenhill Green, 
south of Brown’s Wood, where the superior Red Marls are of considerable thickness, 
and at Wainlode and Westbury Cliffs in Gloucestershire. 

(2) Upper Keuper Sandstones—Shrewley, Rowington, Knowle, Lapworth, Claverdon, 
Tanworth, Wolverton, Preston, Henley, &c. 

(3) Lower Red Marls, which directly underlie the Upper Keuper Sandstone, well 
exposed at Rowington, and between that village and Warwick. 

(4) Lower Keuper Sandstones or Waterstones, which succeed the Lower Red Marls 
—Warwick, Cubbington, and towards Coventry, &c. 


+ I discovered an extensive mass of upper Keuper Sandstone near Edstone, which 
is not recorded in the Geological Survey Map of the district. 


23 


between Hatton and Warwick, and the latter at Coten 
End near this town, and at Cubbington on the north- 
east and Leamington on the east. The upper Red Marls 
are of considerable thickness (600 feet), and occupy 
some of the high table land between Knowle and Bir- 
mingham. The upper Keuper (not exceeding 25 feet) 
which succeeds is a variable, more or less, hard grey 
sandstone, divided by green and light-coloured mavrls, 
well represented by the following section on the side of the 
canal at Shrewley, four miles north-west of Warwick :*— 


1.—Green Marl.. .. .- «- » ee «+ Off. 8or4in. 


2,—Beds of grey and light-coloured fine-grained Sand- 

stone, divided by marl, with Estheria (Posidonia) minuta 

and ripple or current marks. In the middle occurs a 

coarse gritty sandstone, with white specks, made up of 

small pieces of quartz, and mica, which contains bones, 

teeth, and spines of Lophodus, a species of shark.. .. lft. 9in. 
3.—Green Marl... «20 «2 oe se) ee ee he ee Oft. din. 
4.—More fine-grained Sandstone, more or less ripple- " 

marked, with footsteps of Labyrinthodon Ra ee Want Cale 3in, 


5.—Green Marl, like No.3... oe ee ee ee Oft. Qin. 
6.—Hard, workable sandstone (bottom bed), the only 

good building stone of the locality, with imperfect casts 

of Estheria .. .. 2. ee es oe ee oe 3ft. 6in. 


7.—Thin beds of sandstone, divided by green marls, 
with remains of plants (Voltzia, Calamites, coniferous 
fruits, and fucoids). This is best seen at Rowington .. 10ft. Oin. 
8.—Red Marl. Bedshorizontal... .. -. ++ +- 8to 10ft. Oin 


The upper Keuper sandstone is by no means uniformly 
spread over the area occupied by the Trias, but owing to 
very extensive denudation occurs at irregular intervals, 
a wider mass being seen at Preston Bagot and east of 
Henley-in-Arden. Patches of it also occur south of 
Knowle, west of Withall, and south-east of Brown’s 


ee see ee a ee ei ee ee SS eae 


* In Murchison and Strickland’s sections they give 30 to 40 feet of upper Red Marl, 
Sandstone (upper Keuper) 20 feet, and lower Red Marl exposed I0 feet, but this sec« 
tion was taken more than thirty years ago, and I suspect was made from some old 
quarries now closed, which were formerly worked on Shrewley Common, and therefore 
differs somewhat from the one given above, which does not show any upper Red Marl 
in situ above the sandstones, but the Sandstones and associated. Marls are about the 
same relative thickness, In some places, as in the railway cutting near Henley, thin 
beds cf Gypsum occur in the Red Marls. 


24 


Wood. The low hills in the neighbourhood of Rowing- 
ton are capped by it, the lower ground being composed 
of the lower. Red Marl. No doubt at one time it was 
more widely diffused, from Chessett Wood on the north, 
to Cherry Pool south of Preston; and from west to east 
north of Tanworth to the east of Rowington. There the 
denudations are well marked by lines of dessication and 
undulations which vary the otherwise monotonous scenery 
of the neighbourhood, and towards Claverdon and Bear- 
ley the country is picturesque, and commands some fine 
views over the plains of Red Marls and lower Lias to the 
more distant oolitic range of the Cotswolds. As a general 
rule this formation is barren of any organic remains, 
those which have been met with being found in the sand- 
stone and green marls, none having been noticed in the 
red marls, the superabundance of red peroxide of iron 
being generally supposed to be inimical to the.existence of 
animal life. No marine shells (with two doubtful excep- 
tions) eccur in it, and only two entire fish, one of 
which was discovered at Shrewley and the other at 
Rowington, but abundant remains of sharks (bed No. 
2 of section) which consist of dorsal spines, small 
grinding palatal teeth of two distinct genera, and 
shagreen or skin of some Cestraciont. No doubt there 
were other fish* in the Triassic sea on which these 
sharks preyed, which may some day be discovered. But 
the most remarkable fossils which distinguish both the 


* A fourth and entire fish must be added to the list of New Red Sandstone fishes, 
a very remarkable one having been discovered some years ago in the lower Keuper 
Sandstone at Bromsgrove, in Worcestershire, and now deposited in Jermyn Street 
Museum of Practical Geology. In many ways it presents some unusual characters, 
and the family to which it belongs is very doubtful. The tail is homocercal, differing 
so far from all other fish yet found below the Lias. Sir P. Egerton has named it 
« Dipteronotus cyphus,’ and it is described by him and figured in the Journal of the 
Geological Society, Vol. 10, p. 369. I have lately been informed, on good authority, 
that another larger and apparently distinct fish was obtained form the same locality 
many years ago, and I hope to be able to learn more about it, and perhaps to get it 
described and figured if it is still preserved. - 


25 


upper and lower Keuper are the Labyrinthodont reptiles, 
of singular uncouth form and structure, most nearly 
allied to the recent aquatic salamanders. In the upper 
Keuper the only evidence afforded of their existence are 
the impressions of their footsteps, as they crawled over 
the mud of the Triassic sea, and probably belong to the 
genera Labyrinthodon, Rhynchosaurus, and Cheirotherium. 
These footprints indicate Batrachiaus of small size, with 
the exception of the larger ones of the last-named animal, . 
very imperfect remains of plants are found both in the 
upper and lower Keuper, the only evidence we have of the 
existence of land at this period in England; unless, as 
Professor Huxley now thinks, some of these Labyrintho- 
dants were Dinosaurians, and, if so, terrestrial. It is 
supposed that the sea in which the New Red Sandstone 
was deposited formed a vast inland lake, like the Caspian 
or Dead Sea, still, the absence of shells and the scarcity 
of fish, and, indeed, of fossils generally, is not so easily 
accounted for. My friend, Professor full, and other lead- 
ing geologists incline to the opinion that the New Red 
Sandstone was for the most part deposited in an inland 
sea like the Dead Sea, and the great Salt Lake of America, 
which would account for the prevalence and abundance of 
salt, and the absence of marine shells and other organisms. 
But though this may hold good as far as regards the Red 
Marls, and account for the absence of any fossils in them, 
yet it must be remembered that the upper and lower 
Keuper Sandstone, the former of which is intercalated 
in the Marls, contain fish and reptiles, some of the latter 
terrestrial as well as amphibious, besides plants, so that 
a change in the condition must have taken place during 
the deposition of these sandstones, and in them we may 
look for and, if more frequently quarried, should probably 
find a much larger evidence of the animals and plants 


26 


(as we have in Germany) of the Triassic epoch. This 
formation is of great economic importance from the 
quantities of salt and gypsum which are obtained from 
it. In England it attains a thickness of 4,500 feet, 
though not reaching that amount probably in Warwick- 
shire.* The lower Keuper is of limited extent, and, like 
the upper, consists of beds of soft and hard, more or less 
micaceous sandstone, rather different in lithological struc- 
ture, and it is thus by its inferior position readily dis- 
tinguished from the upper sandstone, and some parts 
form a good building stone. The town of Warwick is 
built upon it, and sections may be seen at Coten End, 
Guy’s Cliff, Myton, and Cubbington, north of Leamington, 
and towards Leek Wootton. Part of Leamington stands 
upon it, and it is exposed in an old quarry at the North- 
Western Railway Station. It may also be traced north- 
wards from that town to near Nuneaton, bounded on the 
east by the Red Marl and on the west by the Permian. 
It then follows the latter formation northwards from 
Berkeswell to Maxstoke along a line of fault, and reap- 
pears north of Birmingham and near Sutton Coldfield. 
At Marston Jabet the lower Keuper sandstone may be 
seen resting unconformably on the inclined shales of the 
coal measures. On the east side of Warwick it is ter- 
minated by a north and south fault. The lower Keuper 
is chiefly remarkable for the interesting and valuable 
fossils which have been obtained from it, though at rare 
intervals, during the last thirty years, a fine and unique 
collection, the most perfect in the kingdom, being in the 
Warwick Museum. ‘They consist of remains, various 
bones, jaws and teeth of species of Labyrinthodon, a 


* About 800 feet is the estimate given for the Trias in Warwickshire, and 3,000 or 
upwards in Shropshire and Cheshire, where it reaches its maximum vertical thick- 
ness according to my friend, Professor Hull, 


Se 


27 


tooth of Cladeiodon, jaws and bones of Hyperodapedon, 
lately described by Professor Huxley, and the former- 
named long since by Professor Owen. In his Paper on 
this genus in the Journal of the Geological Society (No. 98) 
Professor Huxley states that the nearest living represen- 
tative of the Hyperodapedon is the amphibious reptile 
Sphenodon of New Zealand ; and although in England 
the New Red Sandstone has a comparatively limited 
fauna, and that chiefly Reptilian, this formation in 
other countries has yielded remains of all the five classes 
of vertebrate animals, viz., Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, 
Amphibia, and Pisces, besides an abundant and interest- 
ing flora. Further researches in the British Isles may 
therefore bring to light a larger and more varied series of 
animal and vegetable life, both marine lacustrine and 
terrestrial. 

Professor Huxley has also decided that there are two 
kinds of Dinosaurian teeth in the lower Keuper in this 
district, one allied to Megalosaurus and the other to 
Thecodontosaurus, a reptile found in the Permian con- 
glomerate near Bristol. Some vertebree sent to him by 
my friend, Mr. Kirshaw, and which belong to our Museum, 
are also supposed by the Professor to be of Dinosaurian 
character (Journal of the Geological Society, No. 101, Feb., 
1870. He also thinks that the vertebra of Labyrinthodon 
pachygnathus are Dinosaurian, and those ascribed to Laby- 
rinthodon leptognatus belonged to some other reptile. The 
ilium of the latter he believes to be intermediate between 
a Teleosaurian and that of a Lizard. I have omitted 
any notice of the Bunter Sandstone which underlies the 
lower Keuper, because in this county it is very thin, 
though a patch is recorded by Mr. Howell east of Poles- 
worth and north of Birmingham, the last just beyond the 
limits of the county. Nowhere in England are any fossils 


28 


as yet known in it, though many occur on the Continent. 
The Permian rocks occupy a considerable tract to the 
north from Ashow to Baddesley Endsor, and repose on 
the coal measures. Their thickness has been estimated 
at nearly 2,000 feet. They are composed for the most 
part of alternating beds of white, purple, and red sand- 
stone and marls; these sandstones sometimes form hard 
conglomerates, irregularly spread ; but another one, more 
continuous, occurs about the middle and is mainly com- 
posed of carboniferous limestone pebbles. Fossils are 
very rare in this formation in Warwickshire, but two 
remarkable ones were found in it at Kenilworth and 
Coventry, viz., the skull and teeth of Dasyceps Buck- 
landi, and large jaw with -teeth, both belonging to the 
Labyrinthodonts, and may be seen in the Museum at 
Warwick. Fragments of Lepidodendon and Calamites, 
and the casts of a Strophalosia were obtained from a 
now closed quarry at Exhall, between Coventry and 
Bedworth. The Warwick Museum also contains impres- 
sions of several species of large plants which have been 
referred to the genera Caulerpites and Breea from Meriden, 
and silicfied coniferous trees have been met with near 
Allesley, from which the fragments of wood found in 
the drift at Warwick, Rowington, and elsewhere, were 
probably derived. An excellent section of the sandstones 
is exposed in the large quarry at Kenilworth and Meriden, 
where they are extensively used for building. 

The succeeding carboniferous rocks, which include the 
Warwickshire coal field, form on this account the most 
important and valuable formation in the county. The 
area, however, occupied by them is comparatively small, 
being a somewhat narrow tract bounded by the Permian 
on the west and the New Red Sandstone on the east, 
which extends northwards, not far from Coventry, to 


29 


Shuttington, widening between Baddesley Endsor and 
that place. The coal measures are affected by numerous 
faults, and by intrusive igneous rocks of greenstone,* 
which latter appear chiefly between Atherstone and Bed- 
worth. At Hartshill the latter have long been quarried 
for the roads. Near Nuneaton a large mass of greenstone 
may be seen, succeeded by highly inclined quartz rock 
(millstone grit) and true coal measures, having four bands 
of intrusive greenstone intercalated amongst them. The 
coal series are made up of alternating beds of shale, 
hardened clays, sandstone, ironstone, and coal, with a 
band of limestone in the upper part. Their total thick- 
ness is given as 38,000 feet, the best workable seams 
occurring about the middle. The coal generally is not 
of the very best quality; and as the coalfield is com- 
paratively small and much has been already worked out, 
it will probably be exhausted before very many years 
have elapsed. Like the other coalfields, the fossils consist 
for the most part of the fragmentary remains of plants 
which helped to form the coal itself, among which Lepido- 
dendon, Sigillaria, and the roots ealled Stigmaria, Cala- 
mites, and numerous fronds of ferns chiefly Pecopteris, 
Neuropteris, Odontopteris, and other genera, are the most 
characteristic. ‘They are generally broken and imperfect, 
for it is very rare to find the fronds of the numerous ferns 
in any case attached to the stem, and the other plants are 
usually in a similar state. They are chiefly present in 
the shales and ironstones. At many of the pits numerous 
small estuarine shells, such as Mytilus, Myalina, and 
Anthracosia occur, and more rarely a small Limuloid 
Crustacean, and bones, scales,*and teeth of fish, many 


* The plutonic rocks which prevail in this coal field differ considerably, according 
to Mr, Allport, from those which affect the carboniferous district of South Stafford- 
shire ; and I agree with him that they all probably belong to the carboniferous period 
which was generally one of great igneous activity. 


30 


of them sauroid and therefore predaceous. The most 
remarkable paleontological feature is the abundance of 
vegetable growth, a great part of which is now converted 
into coal. The gigantic Sigillaria, Lepidodendon, Cala- 
mites, and tree ferns indicate a moist and tropical climate, 
which in most cases grew near the spot, and in others 
were drifted into the estuaries and lakes of the period, 
and, as in the former case, associated with esturian shells. 
The fossils in the Warwickshire carboniferous series have 
not been diligently searched for, if they were, we should 
probably obtain here, as elsewhere, a larger and more 
abundant flora and fauna, which recent researches have 
brought to light in connection with the life of this epoch 
in other places, and have yielded some very remarkable 
and interesting results. 

The millstone grit, so termed from its use for millstones, 
is a hard, altered, siliceous quartz rock, traversed more or 
less by intrusive greenstone, and is the lowest part of 
the carboniferous formation in this county. It is promi- 
nently exposed in a high ridge between Nuneaton and 
Atherstone, only for a few miles in extent. No fossils are 
known in it here, and where found are chiefly coal plants 
and a few shells, in the form of casts. 

In conclusion it is desirable briefly to give a sketch, 
partly a recapitulation, of the history of the five Geologi- 
cal periods described in this Paper. The most recent of 
these are the drifts of fine gravel, sand, and boulders, 
which are irregularly spread over many parts of the 
county. In the earliest of these we have evidence of 
the existence of many extinct mammalia, such as the 
elephant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, tiger, bear, hyena, 
cave lion, gigantic deer, extinct horse, and many others. 

In the next no such remains have been met with, but 
it is remarkable as one of excessive cold, in which ice 


31 


and icebergs played a conspicuous part, when large boul- 
ders of rocks of all ages were carried by ice and water 
from all parts and scattered far and wide over the surface. 
This state of unusual cold was abnormal, for up to the 
glacial epoch the general climatal conditions were those 
of considerable heat, if not absolutely tropical, which 
more or less prevailed during the deposition of the great 
formations which constitute the widely-extended ages of 
the Tertiary, Secondary and Paleozoic divisions of Geo- 
logical time, long anterior to the existence of man. 

Passing over the numerous and widespread formations 
not represented in this county, we come to that of the 
Lias. The varying alternating masses of limestone, clay, 
and shale were deposited in seas of variable depth, at 
greater or less distance from land, in which, as might be 
expected, marine fossils of many extinct genera, Saurians, 
fish, shells, and some corals predominate. The Enalio- 
saurians were of large size, predaceous, and aquatic. 
Among the shells the most remarkable were the great 
cephalopodous Mollusks, Ammonites, Belemnites, and 
Sepia, which swarmed in the Liassic sea, and like the 
Saurians, acted as the scavengers of the ocean. In some 
portions of this formation the land appears to have been 
remote, but in others much nearer, for we have many 
genera of terrestrial plants, and in the lower division a 
large number and variety of insects, whence it may be 
fairly inferred that other forms of life inhabited the land, 
mammalia and other classes, which have yet to be dis- 
covered by some future fortunate paleontologist. 

The Rhetic period which succeded, to whatever age it 
may be assigned, is rich.in marine remains, presenting 
many local and peculiar forms of conchifera and mollusca, 
many of which occur in this county, and more no doubt 
would be obtained if the strata were sufficiently exposed, 
which they unfortunaly are not. 


52 


The New Red Sandstone period represents a widely 
different condition in this country, and is throughout an 
enormous vertical thickness, barren for the most part of 
animal or vegetable life; the most notable facts are the 
absence of shells and the presence of many singular 
reptiles, represented by many species of an extinct form 
of acquatic Salamander, to which the name of Labyrin- 
thodon has been given, from the peculiar labyrinth struc- 
ture of the teeth, and which has left more frequent traces 
of its existence in the form of footprints than in any 
other way; the portions of the skeleton which are pre- 
served being mostly confined to the lower Keuper. Of 
the four fish known in this formation, the most abundant 
belonged to a species of shark, one a carboniferous genus 
(Palzoniscus), and one undescribed, both of which were 
discovered in the upper Keuper at Rowington and Shrewley, 
near this town. The fourth is the Dipteronotus already 
referred to (p. 13). These are the only entire fish which 
have ever been detected in the Trias, and therefore are of 
special interest. The plants are too fragmentary to say 
much about, but show the presence of land, though very 
remote, and the determination by Professor Huxley of 
the occurrence of certain Dinosauria during this epoch, 
proves the existence of gigantic terrestrial reptiles not 
previously suspected, the remains of which have been 
found in the sandstone on which this town is built. On 
the whole, the Warwick (lower Keuper) sandstone has 
yielded some of the most remarkable and valuable Laby- 
rinthodont remains yet discovered, and your Museum here 
contains the finest collection in Great Britain. Consider- 
ing the small amount of quarrying in this neighbourhood, 
a good many fossils have been detected, and if more 
extensively worked I believe the upper and lower Keuper 
would afford a much larger and perhaps more varied 


oer 


33 


number. The affinities of the fossils of this and the 
preceding system are more in conformity with those of 
the Oolitic, but have some forms which are peculiar. A 
rather shallow sea or salt lake, whether inland or other- 
wise, largely charged with saline matter and red peroxides 
and an arid climate, are characteristic conditions of the 
Triassic system generally. 

The Permian rocks in this county have given us little 
evidence of the life of the period, though remarkable as 
affording the head and jaws of a Labyrinthodont reptile, 
in the Museum, besides some shells and plants, which are 
in a very imperfect condition. In the north of England 
it is rich in mollusks, corals, and fish; therefore it would 
seem that the conditions in this area were not favourable 
to the existence of a marine fauna, and we must look 
elsewhere for it. This system is very closely allied to 
the Carboniferous with which many of the fossils agree 
generically. 

The absence of the marine mountain limestone in this 
county, and the unfossiliferous condition of the millstone 
grit leave the overlying coal measures as the only portion 
of the great carboniferous system to afford any insight 
into its geological history. Here, as elsewhere, abundance 
of peculiar plants, mostly succulent, and all endogenous, 
prove the vast amount of vegetable life which then pre- 
vailed, with abundance of carbon and a moist tropical 
heat, such as we find in some portions of the globe at the 
present day. For the most part these plants grew on or 
near the spot, in swampy tracts favourable to their 
growth; but in some cases they may perhaps have been 
carried down by streams into the sea, marine and estuarine 
shells, numerous fishes, some reptiles, and crustacea being 
in many places associated with them. On the whole, the 
conditions were apparently more favourable to the growth 


34 


of vegetable matter than at any other time either before 
or since; and to this we owe the conversion of woody 
matter, under heat and pressure and favouring chemical 
conditions, into coal, one of the most valuable and impor- 
tant products we possess. Though no insects have been 
found in the Warwickshire coal field, they may nevertheless 
occur, and as they are known in many other coal deposits, 
we may draw the same inferences from them as we have 
done in the case of the Lias, and look forward some day 
to the discovery of other and higher forms of animal life. 


The Warwickshire Naturalist’s and Archeologist’s Field 
Club held their Annual Winter Meeting at the Museum, 
Warwick, by permission of the Council of this Society, 
on February 25th, 1870. The following Papers were 
read :—‘*On ‘Practical Geology,’ by the Rev. P. B. 
Brodie, Vice-President, M.A., F.G.S.; and on ‘Swiss 
Lake Dwellings,’ by Dr. Corfield, M.D., F.G.S.” 


The first summer meeting was held at Dumbleton, near 
Evesham, on May 21st; the second at Leicester, for 
Barrow-on-Soar, Charnwood Forest, and the Leicester- 
shire Coal Field, on the 22nd of June, being the usual 
summer excursion for three or four days. 


Owing to the small attendance, the meeting which 
should have been held at Bromsgrove Lickey, in August, 
was unanimously postponed until next year. 


85 
Anditions to the Museum and Pibrary. 
GEOLOGY. 


DONATIONS. 
Specimen of Precious Opal, from Hungary in the Matrix. Presented 
by Dr. O'Callaghan. 


Specimen of Precious Opal, from Mexico in the Matrix. Presented 
by Dr. O'Callaghan. 


LIBRARY. 


DONATIONS. 


Proceedings of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archeologists’ Field 
Club for 1869. Presented by the Society. 
Practical Geology, by Rev. P. B. Broprz. Presented by the Author. 


Archeological Journal. No. 90 to 102 inclusive. Presented by W. 
E. Buck. 


LIBRARY. 


PURCHASES. 


Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 4 and 5. 4th series. 

Camden Society’s Publications :— 

No. 99. Diary of John Manningham, of the Middle Temple, 1602— 

; 1608. 

No. 100. Notes of the Treaty carried on at Ripon, between King 
Charles I. and the Covenanters of Scotland, 1640. 

No. 101, Narrative of the Spanish Marriage Treaty, edited and 
translated, by S. R. Goopwin. 

No. 102, Churchwardens Account of the town of Ludlow in Shrop- 
shire, from 1540 to the end of the reign of Queen 
Elizabeth. 

Geological Magazine, 57 to 70. 

Paleontographical Society's Publications :— 

Vol: 23.--Supplement to the Fossil Corals. Part II, No. 2. Cretaceous. 
Cretaceous Echinadermata. Vol. 1. Part III. 
Belemnitide. Part V. Oxford Clay, &c., Belemnites. 
Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone. Part I. concluded. 
Reptilia of the Liassic Formation. Part II. Crag Cetacea, 

No. 1. 
Popular Science Review. Part 33 to 36. 


GENERAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT, 


FROM 3lsr MARCH, 1869, TO 81st MARCH, 1870. 


See 


Hncome. 
1869. fF 3. Nd. 
31st Mar.—To Balance of last account .. .. 4918 3 


1870. 
31st Mar.—Amount received during the 


year for Subscriptions .. (Mingicy e() 
ArrearS.. «+ «+ + #8 4 4 0 

7512 0 
Received for admission to Museum .. 5 9 6 


Received from Mr. Hosken for Library 
deposit fe eee a open 40; LOMO 


To Balance. :. c.fea.. «- 8420. 4 £131 0 9 
Of which £1. is deposited on 

Library Account.. .. :- 110 0 
(Mr. Garner, 10s.; Mr. Kitch- 

ener, 10s.; Mr. Hosken, 10s.) 


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[TNSUTATICR. Sei oor fee Wh teie keen” ae) Eoin fore 20 0 
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£89 9 5 

By Balance,. «+ ++ + 42 0 4 
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—— 


The Council, aided by several members of the Society, have subscribed £31. 1s. Od. to pay for the valuable Herbarium collected by the 
late Mr, Perry, which has been presented to the Society, and is in the Museum. 


37 
OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY. 


1870—71. 


PATRON. 


Tae Ricut HonovrasLte THE Hart or Warwick. 


PEESIDENT. 


Epwarp Greaves, Hsg., M.P. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS. 


Tae Ricut HonovrasLe THE Hart or AYLESFORD. 
Cuartes Houte Bracesriner, Hse. 
Water Henry Bracesrince, Esa. 

Tae Rigut Honovrastz Lorp Dormer. 
James Duepate, Esa. 

Tse Ricut Honovrasne THE Hart or CAMPERDOWN. 
James Cove Jones, Hsa., F.S.A., M.N.S. 
Tse Ricut Honovraste Lorp Leen, F.Z.S. 
Grorce Luoyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. 

Sm Georce Ricwarp Parties, Barr. 

Marx Puuinirs, Esa. ; 5 
Evetyn Pump Sarury, Ese, F.S.A. 
Joun Staunton, Hse. 
Tae RicHt Honovuraste Lorp Winttovessy pe Broxs. 
Henrzy CugistorpHer Wisr, Hsa., M.P. 


HONORARY SECRETARIES. 


Toe Rev. Permk Bewiincer Bzoprz, M.A., F.G.S8. 
JoHN Winu1am Kuirsuaw, F.G.S. 


38 
HONORARY CURATORS. 


Geologn und Mineralogy. 
The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S.- | JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S. 


GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. | R. F. TOMES, Esq, F.Z.S. 
WILLIAM VAUGHAN RUSSELL, Esq., F.G,S. 


Hotany, 


FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq., F.B.S.E. | F, E. KITCHENER, Esq., F.L.S. 


Zoology. 


GEORGE LLOYD, Esq:, M.D,, F.G.S. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esq,, F.Z.S. 
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A. 


Entomologn. 


THE REV. W. BREE. I J. 8S. BALY, Esq., F.L.S. 


Archwology. 


MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esq. | JOHN FETHERSTON, Jun., Esq., F.S.A. 
P. O'CALLAGHAN, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A. 


AUD EP 0,5, 


KELYNGE GREENWAY, Ese: 


COUNCIL. 
The PATRON THOMAS COTTON, Esq, 
The PRESIDENT MAJOR GENERAL JOHN H. FREER 
The VICE-PRESIDENTS THE REY. PHILIP S. HARRIS 
The HONORARY SECRETARIES THOMAS LLOYD, Esq. 
The HONORARY CURATORS W. H. PARSEY, Esa., M.D, 
The TREASURER JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS, Esq, 
The AUDITOR THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Ese, 
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. THOMAS THOMSON, Ese,, M.D. 


The REV. WILLIAM BREE JOHN TIBBITS, Esq,, M.D. 


—e 


89 
LIST OF MEMBERS, 
1870. 


HONORARY MEMBERS. 


Tae Rev. Apam Sxpewics, B.D., F.B.S., F.L.8., F.G.8., 
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and 
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of 
Cambridge, éc. 


Rosert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.B.SS. L. & E., F.R.C.P.E. 
F.L.S., F.G.S., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy 
and Zoology at the University College, London, de., 
Grafton Place, Euston Square, London. 


Joun Pamrs, Eso., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.8., Professor of 
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University of 
Oxford, éc., Oxford. 


Lrevrenant-Cononen Witt1am Henry Sykes, M.P., 
F.B.S., F.L.S., F.G.8., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde 
Park, London. 


Samven Broun, Esq, LL.D., F.S.A., Keeper of Oriental 
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of the 
Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin, 
Gottingen, Herculaneum, éc., &c. 


Azpert Way, Ese., LL.D., F.8.A., Hon. Sec. of the British 
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the ‘* Comité des 


Arts et Monuments, Wonham near Reigate, Surrey. 


Grorce Luovp, Esq., M.D., F.G.8., Birmingham Heath. 


40 
MEMBERS. 


THOSE MARKED THUS “ ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS: 


The Right Honourable Earl of Aylesford, Packington 
Hall, Vice-President. 

W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington. 

Henry Baly, Esq., M.P.S., Warwick. 

J. 8. Baly, Esq., F.L.S., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Richard Barnett, Esq., Coten End, Warwick. 

William Betts, Esq., No, 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington. 

Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator. 

*Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice- 
President. 

Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sher- 
bourne, Vice-President. 

Rey. William Bree, Allesley, near Coventry, Member of 
Council. 

The Rey. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Rowington, 
Hon. Secretary and Curator. 

John Coulson Bull, Esq., Leamington. 

Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke 
and Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron. 

William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrooke Grange, near 
Rugby. 

P. O’Callaghan, Esq., LL.D., D.C,L.. F.S.A’, Leamington, 
Member of Council. 

Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick. 

Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick. 

John M. Cooke, Esq., Warwick. 

Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth, 
Member of Council. 


41 


Thomas Bellamy Dale, Esq., Warwick. 

The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord 
Dormer, Grove Park, Vice-President. 

The Right Honourable the Earl of Campendowa; Vice- 
President. 

James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Vice-President. 

John Fetherston, Junr., Esq., F.S.A., Packwood House, 
Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator. 

Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Kenilworth, Member 
of Council. 

Thomas Garner, Esq., yekpalie Hill. 

«Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P., Avonside, Barford, Vice- 
President and Treasurer. 

Miss Greenway, Warwick. 

Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Couueil. 

The Rey. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, 
Leamington. 

Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, 
London, W.C. ; 

Sir Robert N. C. Hamilton, Bart., K.C.B., Avon Cliff, 
Stratford-upon-Avon. 

The Rey. Philip 8. Harris, Leicester Hospital, Warwick, 
Member of Council. j 

Mellor Hetherington, Esq., Edston Hall. 

Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

Richard Child Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon. 

Richard Hosken, Esq., Leamington. 

The Rey. Thomas Jackson, Hatton. 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F.$.A., M.N.§., Loxley House, 
Vice-President. 

A. Keene, Esq., Eastnor House, Leamington. 

F. E. Kitchener, Esq., Rugby, F.L.S8. 

Miss Kimberley, Warwick. 


42 


John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary 
and Hon. Curator. 

Thomas Lloyd, Esq., the Priory, Warwick, Member of Council. 

The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh, 
F.Z.8., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President. 

The Rev. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy. 

Mr. James Mallory, Warwick. 

John Moore, Esq., Warwick. 

George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick. 

Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick. 

The Rey. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton. 

William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton, Member of 
Council. 

Arthur Wellesley Peel, Esq., M.P., Sandy, Bedfordshire. 

The Rey. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New 
Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C. 

Sir George Richard Philips, Bart, Weston Hall, near 
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President. 

Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice- 
President. 

The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., Beauchamp Terrace East, 
Leamington. 

Josiah Yeomans Robins, Esq., Myton, Member of Council. 

The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth. 

William Vaughan Russell, Esq., F.C.S., Leamington, 
Hon, Curator. 

Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street, 
Leamington, Member of Council. 

Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F.S.A., Eatington Park, 
near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President. 

William Smith, Esq., Warwick. 

John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council. 

Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 8, Clarence Terrace, 
Leamington, Vice-President. 


43 


John Tibbits, Esq., M.D., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.8., Welford, near Strat- 
ford-on-Avon, Hon. Curator. 

The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator. 

Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.8.E., Oakfield, 
Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

William Walker, Esq., Warwick. 

James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford- 
upon-Avon. 

*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bed- 
worth. 

The Right Honourable Henry Verney, Lord Willoughby- 
de-Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President. 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek 
Wootton, Vice-President. 

J. Wimbridge, Esq. Warwick. 

Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby. 

The Rey. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash. 


44 


Hist of Patrons and Presidents, 


1836—1853 
1853—1871 


1836—1837 
1837—1838 
1838—1839 
1839—1840 
1840—1841 


1841—1842 
1842—1843 
1843—1844 
1844—1845 
1845—1846 
1846—1847 


1847—1848 
1848—1849 
1849—1850 
1850—1851 
1851—1852 
1852—1853 
1853—1854 
1854—1855 
1855—1856 
1856—1857 


1857—1858 
1858—1859 
1859—1860 
1860—1861 
1861—1862 
1862—1863 
1863—1864 
1864—1865 
1865—1866 
1866—1867 
1867—1568 
1868—1869 
1869—1870 
1870—1871 


From 1836 1o 1871. 


PATRONS. 


The Right Honourable Henry Richard Greville, Earl 
Brooke and Earl of Warwick, K.T., LL.D. 

The Right Honourable George Guy evi Earl 
Brooke and Earl of Warwick. 


PRESIDENTS. 


Chandos Leigh, Esq., F.H.S. 

Sir John Mordaunt, Bart., M.P. 

Sir John Eardley Eardley Wilmot, Bart., M.P., F.R.S. 

William Holbeche, Esq., F.G.S. 

The Hight Honourable George Guy Greville, Lord 
Brooke. 

Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq. 

William Staunton, Esq. 

Sir Francis Lawley, Bart., F.H.S., F.Z.S. 

Sir Gray Skipwith, Bart. 

The Most Honourable Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton, 

Sir John Robert Cave Browne Cave, Bart. 
Marquess of Northampton, D.C.L., Presmpenr R.S., 
F.3.A., Hon. M.R.I.A., F.G.S. 

Evelyn John Shirley, Esq., M.P. 

The Honourable William Henry Leigh. 

Sir Theophilus Biddulph, Bart. 

Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq. 

Mark Philips, Esq. 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq. 

John Staunton, Esq. 

Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq. 

Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq. 

The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord 
Leigh, F.Z.S. 

Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq. 

The Rev. Vaughan Thomas, B.D. 

Sir George Richard Philips, Bart. 

Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P. 

Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P. 

John Staunton, Esq. 

John Staunton, Esq. 

Richard Greaves, Esq. 

Richard Greaves, Esq. 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S. 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.: 

James Dugdale, Esq. 

James Dugdale, Esq. 

Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P. 


PP 
= 
Zz 


My 


“ 
Co 
a 


45 


The Meetings of the Council are held on the First 
Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January, 
and the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Kaster week. 


The Museum is open daily to the Members and their 
Friends, from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of 
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Eleven 
o’clock to Four between the First of November and the 
last day of February. 


' Non-Subscribers are admitted on payment of an 
admission fee of sixpence each. 


The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on 
Mondays and Tuesdays. 


The Annual Subscriptions for 1870 are due on the 24th 
day of May; and the Council request that the Subscribers 
will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at the Bank 
of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, Warwick ; 
or to Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of 
Subscriptions, Leicester Street, Leamington. 


30 


95 MAY +286 


PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK. 


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NATURAL HISTORY 


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WARWICKSHIRE 


NATURAL HISTORY 


AND 


ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 


ESTABLISHED MAY 24th, 18386. 


THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 


OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS, 


READ AT THE 


ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 14, 1871. 


In presenting the annual report, the Council congratu- 
late the Members on the continued prosperity of the 
Society. 

Some valuable additions have been made to the Museum 
and Library, by donation and purchase, during the past 
year. 

The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arrang- 
ing a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and 
some of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a 
small but judicious annual outlay in specimens and 
cabinets, when required, with the aid also of friendly 
donations, will soon make the entire Geological collection 
most*valuable and instructive, and one of the best out of 
London. At present the collections of Natural History 
and Geology form a good educational medium for all 
classes, and it is of the utmost importance to maintain 
and increase its efficiency. 


2 


The fine example of the ‘ Megacerus ”—“ Fossil deer 
of Ireland,” from Lough Gur, near Limerick, which was 
presented to the Society by the late Richard Greaves, 
Esq., is now placed in the Geological room of the Museum. 

Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is 
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the 
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be 
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than 
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a 
collection properly, and for the same reason it is much 
less profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes 
of general instruction. 

Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, 
there are several formations which are still very defective, 
amongst which may be enumerated the followimg :-—-The 
Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce, 
Headon Hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. London 
Clay Fossils, from Sheppey and Bognor; Upper and Lower 
Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower Silurian 
will be very acceptable. The aid of the members is particu- 
larly requested in procuring fossils from the County, 
especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian, as it 
should be the chief aim of all local Museums to have as fine 
a suite as possible from the strata which oceur in the 
immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire 
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out. 

ARCHZOLOGY. 

The Roman Coffin, found in the excavation for the rail- 
way near Alcester, which was purchased for the Society, 
has been set up at the entrance-door of the Museum. 

BRITISH MAMMALIA. 
Although no addition has been made to the British 
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the 


3 


collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assistance 
in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which migrate, 
and which therefore in some species can only be obtained 
as stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and though some, 
are rarer than others, all may be obtained with tolerable 
certainty, by those residing in such parts of the country as 
they are known to inhabit. With the exception of the 
marine species, such as the Whales and Porpoises, there 
are none which might not take their place in our collection 
of British fer. We have already some of the largest of the 
land animals, as the Red Deer and Roebuck, both presented 
by Edward Greaves, Esq. A mounted specimen of the 
Fallow Deer, and of the two kinds of Martin, ie. the 
yellow breasted and the white breasted Martin, would go 
far towards the completion of the terrestrial Mammalia of 
Great Britian. We earnestly hope that some friends to 
this Institution will kindly furnish one or other of these 
desiderata. Of the smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and 
Bats, a few kinds are wanting, but these the Curators 
believe they shall before long be able to supply. 
ENTOMOLOGY. 

The Entomological collection is in the course of arrange- 
ment in the New Cabinet, the Aculeate Hymenoptera, 
occupying nine drawers, are already arranged, and the 
arrangement of the Coleoptera is commenced. 

The majority of scientific Entomologists residing in or 
near London, have confined their researches principally to 
the Metropolitan district, or to the Southern counties of 
England ; consequently the Midland counties present an 
almost unworked field, which must contain very many 
interesting novelties. 

Warwickshire from its high state of cultivation has but 
few waste spots, on which Insects usually abound, but its 


4 


varied soil and numerous woods will doubtless yield great 
results to the efforts of a zealous collector. Those of our 
members living in the country are earnestly solicited to 
preserve and forward to our Curators any specimens that 
may fall in their way. Lepidoptera may be captured in 
pill-boxes and killed by means of a few drops of Chloroform. 
Coleoptera and other orders should be put into a bottle in 
which has been previously placed a small quantity of 
bruised laurel leaves, the prussic acid contained in the 
leaves not only very quickly killing the Insects, but also 
preserving them fresh, and in a state for setting for a 
considerable length of time. 
ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION. 

When the repairs of the Museum were brought to a close, 
the room containing the collection underwent a thorough 
cleaning, and the specimens were taken out, examined, 
carefully cleaned, and returned to the cases. The windows 
of the rooms, the approaches to which were awkwardly 
blocked up with cases, were relieved of their obstructions, 
the specimens which were in these cases being transported 
to their proper places in the series to which they respectively 
belonged. But the most important change which has been 
made in this department, is the separation of the British 
from the Exotic species. In nearly all the extensive 
Natural History Museums in Europe the native species 
are now fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately 
been the case in our National Museum, and whereas the 
observer had before this change to seek laboriously through 
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated 
specimens which had formed the collectiop of some 
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel 
Montague,—he may now sce them all placed side by side 
in the gallery devoted to British Zoology. And with them 


5 


he may also see ranged the gems from the collection of the 
late Mr. Yarrell. The advantage of such an arrangement 
is obvious. 

It has been observed, with great truth, “ that you cannot 
vie with the larger Museums in a general collection, but 
you may excel them if you confine yourselves to a purely 
local collection.” Fully agreeing with this opinion, the 
Hon. Curators, while enlarging the collection of British 
Birds, purpose to do so, as much as possible, by means of 
specimens obtained in Warwickshire, or the contiguous 
Counties. They offer these remarks in the hope that the 
friends of the Institution will assist them in carrying out 
their views, by donation of some of the species forming 
the following list of desiderata :— 


Order 1. Accipitress, Linn. 


Egyptian Vulture... ... Neophron Percnopterus (Linn.) 

Griffon Vulture... ... ... Gyps fulvus (Gmel.) 

Rough-legged Buzzard ... Archibuteo Lagopus (Briin.) 

Spotted Hagle ... ... ... Aquila nevia (Gmel.) Mey 

Jer-falcon ... ... .. Haleo Gyrfaleo, Linn. 

Red-footed Falcon ... ... Zinnunculus vespertinus (Linn.) 

Swallow-tailed Kite ... ... Nauelerus fercatus (Linn.) Vigors. 

Goshawk ... ... ... ... Astur palumbarius (Linn.) Bechst. 

Montagu’s Harrier ... ... Circus cinerascens (Mont.) 

Hawk Owl ... Surnia ulula (Linn.) Bonap. 

Snowy Owl [ Brit. Specimen] Nyctea nivea (Thunb.) 

Little Owl ... . Athene noctua (Retz.) 

Great-eared Owl [female]. . Bubo maximus, Sibb. 

Tengmalm’s Owl... . Nyctale Tengmalmi (Gmel.) Strick. 
Order 2, Passeres, Cuv. 

Alpine Swiff ... ... ... Cypselus Melba, Linn. 

Roller ... ..._ Coracias garrula, Linn. 

Bee-eater [British apeciien |Merops Apiaster (Linn.) 

Dartford Warbler... ... Sylvia undata (Bodd.) 

Garden Warbler [female] . . Sylvia hortensis (Penn.) 

Fire-crested Regulus... ... Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm. 

Plain-crowned Kinglet . Regulus proregulus (Pall.) 

Black Redstart [Brit. speci. .] Ruticilla tithys (Scop.) 

Blue-throated Warbler ... Cyanecula suecica, Linn. 

Alpine Accentor... ... ... Accentor alpinus, ‘Gmel. Bechst. 

Crested Tit... ... .... ... Parus cristatus, Linn. 

White Wagtail ... ... ... Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.] 


Grey-headed Wagtail... ... Motacilla flava, Linn. 


6 


Rock Pipit ... see ove Anthus spinoletta (Linn.) 
Richard’s Pipit ... ... ... Anthus Richardi (Vieill.) 
White’s Thrush... ... ... Turdus varius, Horsf. 
Rock Thrush... «. «. Turdus saxatilis, Linn. 
Golden Oriole ... Oriolus Galbula, Linn. 


Golden-vented Thrush _.... Pyenonotus awrigaster (Vieill.) 

Gt. Ash-color’d Shrike [fem.] Lanius Exicubitor, Linn. 

Woodchat Shrike ... ... Enneoctonus refus (Briss.) 
Nutcracker... ... «+ ++. Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linn.) Briss. 
Rose-color’d Ouzel[ Brit. spec. | Pastor roseus (Linn.) Temm. 


Red-winged Starling... ... Agelaius pheniceus (Linn.) Vieill. 
Mountain Linnet ... ... Fringilla flavirostris, Linn. 

Cirl Bunting vee ae Emberiza Cirlus, Linn. 

Ortolan Bunting... ... «- Emberiza hortulana, Linn. 

Lapland Bunting ... ... Plectrophanes lapponicus (Linn.) Selb. 
Short-toed Lark... ... ... Alauda brachydactyla, Temm. 

Crested Lark ... ... «.. Alauda cristata, Linn. 

Shore Lark ... ... «+ ++. Octocoris alpestris (Linn.) 


Parrot Cross-bill... ... ... Lowia pityopsittacus, Bechst. 
White-winged Cross-bill ... Lowxia leucoptera, Gmel. 


Order 3. Scansores, Ill. 


American Cuckoo... ... Coceyzus americanus (Linn.) 
Great spotted Cuckoo ... Oxylophus glandarius (Linn.) 


Order 4. Columb, Lath. 


Rock Dove ... 0 ws we «+ Columba Livia, Briss. 

Passenger Pigeon. ws Ectopistes migratorius (Linn.) Swains. 
Order 5. Galline, Linn. 

Barbary Partridge ... «.. Caccabis petrosa (Lath.) 

Andalusian Hemipode ... Turnix gibraltaricus (Gmel.) Gould. 

Virginian Colin... «.. « Ortyx virginianus (Linn.) Gray. 

Order 6. Struthiones, Lath. 
Great Buzzard ... ... «. Otis trada, Linn. 


Little Buzzard ... ... «.. Otis tetrax, Linn. 


Order 7. Gralle, Linn. 


Great Plover... . Cidicnemus crepitans, Temm. 


Cream-coloured Courser ... Cursorius gallicus (Gmel.) 
Kentish Plover ... ... + Charadrius Cantianus, Lath. 
Grane: ... dead aoa Ome crete, Bechst. 

Great White Heron ..._ ... Ardea alba, Gmel. 


Egret [British specimen] ... Ardea Gazetta, Linn. 
Squacco Heron ... «+ Ardea Comata, Pall. 


Buffed-backed Heron... ... Ardea Coromanda, Bodd. 
American Bittern... ... Batawrus lentiginosus, Mont. 
Spoon-bill ... 0 1. see ve Platalea leucorodia, Linn. 
White Stork a. wae Ciconia alba, Briss. 


Black Stork... ... «ws. «+ Ciconia nigra, Bechst. 


tilt 


7 


Spotted Redshank .., ... Totanus stagnalis, Bechst. 

Wood Sandpiper... Lotanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm. 
Avocet... ... ss «ws « Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn. 
Black-winged Stilt ... ... Himantosus Candidus, Bonn. 


Buff-breasted Sandpiper ... Tringa refescens, Vieill: 
Broad-billed Sandpiper... Zringa platyrhyncha, Temm. 


Schintz’s Sandpiper ... .... Tringa Schinzii, Brehm. 
Pectoral Sandpiper ... ... Dringa Pectoralis, Say. 
Brown Snipe... ... ... Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach. 
Sabine’s Snipe ... ... ... Gallinago Sabini, Vigors. 
Red-necked Phalarope ... Phalarophus hyperboreus (Linn.) Cuvier. 
Ballion’s Crake ... ... ... Ortygometra pygme, Naum. 
Little Crake... ... ... ... Ortygometra minuta, Pall. 

Order 8. Anseres, Linn. 
Spur-winged Goose ... ... Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph. 
Common Wild Goose... ... Anser ferus, Gesn. 
White-fronted Goose... ... Anser Erythropus, (Linn.) Flem. 
Pink-footed Goose ... ... Anser Brachyrhynchus, Baill. 
Bernicle Goose ... ... ... Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) 
Red-breasted Goose .... ... Bernicla ruficollis (Pall.) Steph. 
Polish Swan ve use ave Cygnus immutadilis, Yarrell. 
Whistling Swan... ... ... Cygnus ferus, Ray. 
Bewick’s Swan ... ... ... Cygnus minor, Pall. 
American Swan ... ... ... Cygnus americanus, Sharpeless. 
Ruddy Shieldrake ... ... Casarka rutila, Pall. 
American Wigeon ..._ ... Mareca americana (Gmel.) Steph. 
Bimaculated Duck ... ... Querquedula bimaculata, Penn. 
Gadwall ... ... Chaulelasmus strepera, Linn. 


Red-crested Whistling Duck Branta rufina (Pall.) Boie. 


Scaup Pochard . Fuligula Marila (Linn.) Steph. 
Ferruginous Duck ..._ ... Nyroca leucophthalma (Bechst.) Flem. 
Harlequin Garrot ... ... Clangula histrionica (Linn.) Steph. 
Long-tailed Hareld ... ... Harelda glacialis (Linn.) Leach. 
Steller’s Western Duck ... Eniconetta Stelleri, Pall. 

King Duck... ... ... ... Somateria spectabilis (Linn.) Steph. 
Surf Scoter... ... ... ... Oidemia perspicillata (Linn.) Steph. 
Red-breasted Merganser ... Mergus Serrator, Linn. 

Hooded Merganser ... ... Mergus cucullatus, Linn. 
Red-necked Grebe ... ... Prodiceps grisegena (Bodd.) Lath. 
Sclavonian Grebe ..._ ... Prodiceps Cornutus (Gmel.) Lath. 
Great Auk ... ...  ... ... Alea impennis, Linn. 

Manx Shearwater... ... Puffinus Anglorum, Ray. 

Cinereous Shearwater... ... Puffinus cinereus, Gmel. 

Wilson’s Petrel ... ... ... Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl. 
Forked-tailed Petrel ... ... Thalassidroma Leachii, Temm. 
Bulwer’s Petrel .... ... ... Thalassidroma Bulweri (J. &8.) Gould. 
Buffon’sSqua ... ... ... Stercorarius cephus, Briin. 

Common Squa ... ... ... Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn. 
Glaucous Gull... ... ... Laurus glaucus, Brin. 

Iceland Gull vee wee eee Laurus leucopterus, Faber. 

Little Gull ... ... ... ... Laurus minutus, Pall. 


Sabine’s Gull ... ..: ... Xema Sabini, Leach. 


8 


Ivory Gull... ... 0... .... Pagophila eburnea (Gmel.) Kaup. 

Caspian Tern... ..._ .... Sterna caspia, Pall. 

Gulled Lilled Tern... ... Sterna anglica, Mont. 

Sandwith Tern ... .... ... Sterna cantica, Gml. 

Roseate Tern. . Sterna paradisea, Brin. 

White-winged Black Tern.. . Hydrocheidon nigra, Linn. 

Black Noddy ... ... ... Anédus stolidus (Linn.) Catesby. 
BOTANY. 


The Council report, with much pleasure, that sufficient 
money has been raised to purchase the valuable Herbarium 
collected by the late Mr. Perry, and the thanks of the 
Society are due to those friends who have presented it 
to the Museum. Through the exertions of the Rev. C. F. 
Thorneville, lately resident for a short time in Warwick, 
the Collection has been carefully examined, a report drawn 
up on the condition of the specimens, and a list made out 
of the desiderata. The Council have now under con- 
sideration the best mode of arranging the Herbarium, and 
of rendering its contents available for the use of such 
Botanical students as may wish to consult it. 


LIBRARY. 

An opportunity occured to purchase a very good copy of the 
second Edition of Dugdales Antiquities of Warwickshire, 
by ‘Dr. Thomas, of which the Council availed themselves, 
considering that it was very desirable to have it in the 
Library for reference. 

A Catalogue of Books in the Library has been made, to 
the 81st December, 1867, and a copy was sent to each 
Member. 

The Council will be glad to receive presents of any works 
of Local interest, for the Library. 

Any member wishing to take a Book from the Library, 
is particularly requested to see that an entry is made in the 
book kept for that purpose, which is on the Library table. 
The date must also be entered when the book is returned, 


9 


Before Members are allowed to take Books out of the 
Library, a deposit of ten shillings is required. Some of 
the Books cannot be taken away from the Library. 

The Accounts for the year have been audited, and the . 
General Financial Statement, to March 31st, 1871, is 
appended to this report. 

The Museum, now containing a valuable and well- 
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and 
Antiquitics, as well as a Library, which, though not 
extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is highly 
creditable to the Town and County of Warwick, and 
deserves a much greater amount of support than it has of 
late years received. An excellent foundation has been 
laid, but much might be effected if adequate means were 
placed at the disposal of the Council. Owing to the losses 
by death, of several subscribers during the past year, and 
the small number of additional members, the funds of the 
Society are in a less satisfactory condition than could be 
desired. A reference to the list of subscribers will show 
that only a few of the rich and influential residents in the 
County belong to the Society. If the members would 
solicit annual subscriptions from their friends and neigh- 
bours, it is probable that a considerable addition would 
be made to the funds of the Society. 

During the past winter, the Museum has been thrown 
open on a certain number of evenings in the week, so as to 
make its valuable contents available to the working classes 
_and others, who, from their time being fully occupied, are 
unable to visit it during the daytime. 

Three Lectures have also been delivered at eight o’clock 
in the evening, in the months of December, January, and 
February: they were listened to with great interest and 
attention by crowded audiences, composed principally of 
artizans, and their families. 


10 


The First (on birds) was given on the opening night, by 
Mr. R. F. Tomes, F.Z.S. 

The Second (on coal) was delivered by the Rey. P. B. 
Brodie, F.G.S. 

On the Third evening an elaborate paper was read by 
P. O’Callaghan, LL.D., on Piers Gaveston, a subject deeply 
interesting to the inhabitants of Warwick, and its neigh- 
bourhood. 

Elementary Classes have also been partially formed on 
Mechanics and Botany. They are now suspended for the 
summer months, but the Council intend to resume them in 
the autumn, on a somewhat different plan, and fully hope 
that they will be appreciated by those persons for whose 
benefit they have been formed. 

The expenses of laying the gas, &c., have been defrayed 
by voluntary subscriptions, the Council are however anxious 
to get further contributions, in order to obtain the necessary 
apparatus and diagrams for the classes, and also (should the 
funds be sufficiently large) to procure the occasional services 
of eminent lecturers on various scientific subjects. 


11 


The following Paper was read at the Winter Meeting, 
(March, 1871,) of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ Field Club, 
and at the request of the Council of the Warwickshire 
Natural History and Archeological Society, who were dis- 
appointed of a Paper promised them by Mr. Bloxam, is 
published here instead :— 

The Nature, Origin, and Geological History of Amber, 
with an Account of the Fossils which it contains, by the 
Rev. P. B. Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Vice-President of 
the W.N.F.C. 

The history and origin of Amber is a very interesting one 
and one which has only lately been clearly elucidated in an 
able paper, by Professor Zaddach,* of Kénigsberg; and from 
it many of the facts in this paper have been obtained. It 
struck me that a brief account of it might prove instructive 
and usefulto the members of our Field Club, even to those who 
are not specially interested in Geological problems. Amber 
is usually a bright yellow substance, and like the beautiful 
Diamond and black coal, is more or less a pure Carbon; 
and as we proceed in its investigation will be shown to be a 
resinous gum, originally in a liquid state, and derived from 
pines or other coniferous trees. It possesses a slight odour, 
certain electrical properties, and is capable of combustion; it 
inclosesinsects, leaves and other extraneous matter, and occurs 
in beds of clay and lignite, chiefly in Prussia, belonging to the 
Tertiary formation called Eocene, one of the earliest deposits 
of this age, and in another of still later date. Some Amber 
is so dark that it is called black Amber, and has in its 
appearance and composition, a close analogy to solid Bitumen, 
which latter is a dark mineral oil, smelling like tar. All 


*Quarterly Journal of Science, April, 1868. 


+ The Diamond is the purest crystalline form of Carbon, and Charcoal, which is 
wood from which the yolatile matters haye been driven off by heat, is its purest 
amorphous state. 


12 


this clearly indicates its vegetable origin. Itis valuable for 
certain economical purposes, such as vases, necklaces, and 
mouth pieces for pipes, and a very large trade is carried on 
in its collection and manufacture for these purposes. 

It is a product of foreign countries, and is found chiefly 
on the shores of the Baltic, in Pomerania, Spain, on the shores 
of Sicily andthe Adriatic, Russia, Africa, Brazil, and pieces are 
sometimes washed up on our eastern coasts { but were probably 
derived from a distance perhaps by currents from the Baltic. 
Although the communication between the Baltic Sea and 
the German Ocean is broken by the land of Denmark, and 
only exists through the island of Zealand, and others, which 
lie between Denmark and Sweden, it is quite possible, and 
by no means improbable, that currents may have conveyed 
pieces of Amber, from the coasts of the Baltic, through the 
Cattegat into the North Sea, and thence they would occas- 
onally, though rarely, be picked up on our eastern coasts. 
They may perhaps have been brought thence during the post 
Tertiary period, when thenow land of Denmark was depressed 
beneath the ocean, and hence the North Sea and the Baltic 
would form one uninterrupted expanse of water. There is 
no reason to suppose that any Tertiary deposit, exactly 
equivalent to the Amber-bearing earth, exists in situ, at the 
bottom of the North Sea, otherwise Amber would be found 
in abundance on British shores washed by it. 

Mr. Hope says that Amber has been found in the gravel pits 
near London, derived probably from some of the Tertiary 
strata of our Island, I have detected small pieces of resin in 


} I lately had the pleasure of inspecting a fine collection of Amber, belonging to 
Lady Murray, at Leamington, collected by the late Mr. Fairholme on the 
coast at Ramsgate ; where it is washed up after storms, but probably derived 
from the Baltic. One large clouded piece was valued at £500. Most of the bits 
contained a variety of beautifully preserved Insects, among which were many 
entire Diptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and one Lepidoptera. There 
were some plants, including a Dicotyledonous leaf and stems, and a small shell, 


apparently a fresh-water Mollusk, with a portionof the animal protruding 
from the interior, 


13 


the clays of the Wealden in the Isle of Wight, and some have 
been met with in the London clay at Highgate. Perbaps 
one of the richest deposits of Amber, and for which it has 
been long celebrated, is a province of Prussia called Samland, 
bounded on the west and north by the Baltic.. In a portion 
of this district fine sections are exposed of the Tertiary for- 
mation varying from 80 to 125 feet in thickness. It consists 
of two different deposits, the lowest being composed of thick 
beds of Glauconitic § sand 65 feet thick, overlaid by the brown 
coal formation from 60 to 100 feet thick. This Glauconitic 
sand in the north and west coast, differs from that on the south, 
In the former, the upper part about 60 feet consists of 
light green sand made up of large quartz grains, and bright 
green granules of Glauconite, elsewhere the lower portion of 
this green sand is cemented by hydrated oxide of iron into 
a coarse sandstone, which contains numerous fossils. Below 
this is a deposit of finer quartz grains, and more Glauconite 
and much clay and mica; associated with the above, in des- 
cending order is a wet sandy stratum called quicksand, 
(because it contains a large quantity of water), 8 feet thick, 
succeeded by a blue earth, or Amber-earth, 3 to 4 feet thick, 
fine grained and argillaceous. In this the Amber is found 
abundantly, but irregularly distributed, occupying a narrow 
zone, the pieces are of various sizes, usually small ; those 
weighing half a pound being seldom found, and more rarely 
larger ones of greater weight. The surfaces are worn and 
rounded and bear little resemblance to their original form as 
the liquid resin of a tree, formed between the bark and the 
wood, or between the yearly rings of growth of the stem. 
Fine impressions of the parts of the plants which produced 
these Amber nodules can be distinguished on their surface. 
Evidently then they were for a time subject to the action of 


§ When Mar! contains a large admixture of green-sand, it forms what is called 
firestone or Glauconite, 


14 


water before they were embedded in their clayey matrix. 
Pieces of fossil wood are also associated with the Amber, when 
any Amber isattached to the wood itself it is often so completely 
penetrated by it, that it has the appearance of Amber filaments. 
The following fossil shells occur in the Amber earth, at the 
bottom of the quicksand, and in the overlying ferruginous 
(Glauconite) sandstone, viz:—a species of Ostrea, Cardium 
Pectunculus, Natica, Spatangus, Scutella, and Echinus, and 
a crab, and abundant remains of Escharaand Cellepora. These 
fossils determine the age of this Tertiary formation to be the 
Eocene, or oldest period. The Amber itself it is evident, was 
derivate and washed down probably by floods from the land 
on which the Amber trees grew, into the sea and there de- 
posited with the marine remains which are now associated with 
it, although it seems probable that the land was not very far 
from the shore where it was abundant. Above and below the 
Amber earth only a few isolated pieces of Amber occur. In 
the southern deposit the Amber earth is thicker, 20 feet at 
least, and composed of two different layers, but here only the 
upper ‘Amber earth’ and the ‘green sand’ agree with the 
northern formation. The former is also further distinguished 
from the latter, by containing no other fossils except sharks’ 
teeth which occur in the ‘ Amber bed, ’and by more abundant 
pieces of Amber in the overlying strata. Professor Zaddach 
also has proved that the Tertiary Glauconite was derived 
from the green sand of the older Cretaceous formation, the 
younger beds of which constitute a part of the Danish island 
of Bornholm. He also shows that the trees which yielded 
the Amber must have grown upon the Greensand beds of 
the Cretaceous period, flourishing luxuriantly on the marshy 
coast which then surrounded the great continent of Northern 
Europe. Probably the temperature was then much higher 
than it is now, and this even at that epoch extended to the 


15 


now frost bound Arctic regions, a fact which has been proved 
by the remarkable plant remains of temperate climes which 
have been recently discovered there. The Amber flora of the 
Baltic area under review, contains northern forms associated 
with plants of more temperate zones, and with others even 
which live in much more southern ones. Thus Camphor trees 
(Cinnamomum) occur with willows, birches, beech, and 
numerous oaks; a species of Thuya, very similiar to the 
American Thuya, occidentalis is the most abundant tree 
amongst the Conifors, next in abundance Widdringtonia, a 
great variety of Pines and Firs, including the Amber pine,* 
thousands of these it is supposed by the professor might 
already have perished, and while the wood decayed, the resin 
with which the stem and branches wereloaded might have been 
accumulated in large quantities, in bogs and lakes, in the soilof 
the forest. Ifthe coast at that time was gradually sinking, the 
sea would cover the land, in due course carry away the Amber 
and masses of vegetable detritus into the ocean, where it was 
deposited amidst the marine animals which inhabited it. But 
in higher districts the Amber pines would still flourish, and so 
Amber still continued to be washed into the sea and deposited 
in the later formed Green Sand, and still later overlying forma- 
tion of the ‘ Brown coal.’ In the Prussian district, now under 
consideration, this newer Tertiary formation consists of (1) clay 
(2) sand, and (3) brown coal, + No. 2 only contains Amber, 
not so abundantly as in the Amber earth, not in regular layers, 
but usually harder and therefore more valuable than the 
richer deposit below. The Brown Coal flora differs from the 


eS iT i 2 2 OR Sa a 

* Tt is stated by Berendt, that the wood, blossoms, fruit, and needle leaves of the 
Conifera have been detected in Amber, the latter very rarely, yet never 
corresponding with any existing trees, and although the leaves differ greatly from 
all known species, a microscopical examination of the wood, places it beyond all 
doubt that the Amber tree was a Pinus. The Pinus Balsamea approaches nearest 
to it in appearance, but the tree no longer exists. 

+ My friend Sir C. Lyell considers the ‘ Brown Coal’ of the Rhine, to belong to 
the newer Pliocene period, and probably all the Brown Coal elsewhere is of the 
same age, and if so, much newer than the Glauconite, which contains the earliest 
traces of Amber, 


16 


older Amber flora, probably owing as the professor thinks, to 
a change which had already taken place in the climate of 
Northern Europe. Many of the plants which occur in it are 
not found living in the region now, though very similar to 
the existing flora. The most numerous are Poplars, Alders, 
Ash, and several varieties of Conifera. With these were 
associated Gardenia, with fruit like a pea, a fig, Banksia, &c. 

As the Brown Coal extends over other parts of Germany, 
and elsewhere, and sometimes yields Amber, it will be 
understood that this product is not by any means confined 
to the Baltic area referred to in this paper, nor to the earlier 
Tertiaries. It has been discovered in Russia, in the Province 
of Grodno, and Italy, probably in Tertiary deposits of the 
same age also in Africa, Brazil, and South America, but 
whereabouts I am unable to state positively, but probably 
derived from some one of the Tertiary formations. It has 
been met with in Sweden, on the coast of the North Sea, 
and may yet be discovered in many other localities, when 
the stock is exhausted in the richer Baltic provinces, and the 
demands of trade compel the dealers to search for it else- 
where. Vast quantities are washed up on the shore near 
Memel, also in the Baltic, in the extreme North-East, and 
are thought to have been derived from certain Tertiary 
deposits containing Amber, in the large adjacent region of 
Russia and Poland, where Brown Coal containing Amber 
has been discovered overlying true Chalk. Stores of Amber 
still lie hidden in the interior of the country, and on the Baltic 
coast, though much still is no doubt buried under the sea, 
the Amber bearing stratum often lying too deep to be 
attainable. 

Besides the plants which are occasionaly found in Amber, 
the most interesting and remarkable fossils, are the insects, 


t Murchison's Quarterly Journal Geological Society, No. 97, Vol. 25, pt. 1, page 3. 


17 


which from their usually beautiful and perfect state of pre- 
servation, are more interesting to the Entomoligist than the 
more imperfect remains of this class contained in many other 
and older formations, and are therefore more easily deter- 
mined. As the flora of the inferior ‘ Amber earth,’ belonging 
to the Glauconite series, differs from that of the superior and 
newer Brown Coal, it is possible that many of the Insects 
would also differ, while those in the African Amber would 
present still greater diversity, and a more tropical character. 
As a general rule, all the Tertiary insects have a more decided 
European character, closely approximating to recent forms, 
than the Carboniferous, Liassic, and Oolitic ones, and several 
genera and species are still found living, though many are 
extinct. From the lucid clearness and beautiful transpar- 
ency of Amber, and its soft yellow colouring, the insect 
remains can be most easily examined. It would seem that 
they must have been caught suddenly by the liquid resin as 
it oozed out of the pines, and thus were entombed alive, 
which will account for their wonderful state of preservation. 
Many of them no doubt were caught while on the trees, and 
even the cunning spider, while watching for his prey, was 
like the biter bit, enveloped also. Others may have been 
embedded at the base of the trees, where the Amberous 
exudation was unusually profuse. Crustacea are also recorded 
in Amber, by Berendt, and certain of the class Myriapoda 
to which the common Centipede, Scolopendra, and Iulus 
belong, creatures which would abound amongst the decaying 
wood, and in the hollows of the trees in the ancient Tertiary 
forests of the period. When quickly enveloped, the insects 
and other organic remains are well preserved, retaining their 
natural colours and their more delicate parts. ‘Those which 
died, and were long exposed to the air, are more or less 
injured, and are surrounded with a white, mouldy covering, 


18 


which obscures them, and dis-colours the Amber. This is 
especially the case in some of the Prussian Amber, but has 
not been noticed in the Pomeranian, which is always bright 
and clear. Dr. Burmeister states, that with respect to the 
families, genera, and species of insects found in Amber, they 
present a conformity in the majority of instances, with 
existing forms and even an identity of species. No new forms 
have been observed, and existing genera are readily recog- 
nised, nor do they belong to our latitudes, though many forms 
perfectly agree in this respect. This may especially be 
affirmed of the smaller flies and gnats, but particularly in the 
cockroaches, many beetles, and the majority of the Hymenop- 
tera, the resemblance to exotic forms is still greater. Many 
different species occur as in the present day, but only those 
families are preserved in this fossil resin which are found in 
woods or on trees, and scarcely ever water beetles. In the 
order Coleoptera, among the Carabidz is a small Dromius, 
and Germar has described another, which he calls Lebina 
resinata. Of the Elateride is a genus very similar to Elater 
cylindricus, and many smaller species. |Deperditores, two 
species resembling Anobium, Atractocerus, and a Cantharis. 
Heteromera, a small Opatrum allied to sabulosum. Also 
a Mordella) The leg of a Capricorn beetle. The 
Chrysomelide are more numerous, viz: a small, purple 
shining Haltica, several Crioceris, and a few Gallerucide. 
The Bostrychode are very numerous, viz:—a species of 
Platypus, several Bostrychi and Opatra. The Curculionide 
too, are tolerably abundant, particularly species of the genera 
Phyllobius, Polydrusus, Thylacites, and some forms allied to 
exotic groups. The Hymenoptera are very abundant, and 
amongst them several Ichneumonide, a Sphex of the genus 
Pepsis, resembling the American, and particularly the African 
species. There is also a small Bee, which appears to belong 


19 


to the South American genus, Trigona. The ants are most 
numerous in this order, particularly true Formice and 
Myrmice, closely resembling European ones. One pecu- 
liar form of antisanewone. Lepidopteraare great rarieties, 
though a large Sphinx and several caterpillars are mentioned 
by Berendt. The Diptera are extremely abundant, as Tabani, 
Bombylii, Anthrax, Leptis, Empes; species of the genera 
Musca, Anthomya, Scatophaga, Bibios, Tipula, and Limno- 
bia, also an abundance of gnats. 

Next to these the Neuroptera are the most frequent, among 
which are the larva of a Myrmeleon, a small Hemerobius, a 
Semblis and its larva, the more remarkable, as they all live 
in water, and innumerable Phryganez. The genus Ephemera 
also occurs. Among the Libellulide, the Termites are most 
numerous, and two species of Psoci. In the order Orthoptera, 
there are many Blattide, some of which are American forms, 
and another had a greater resemblance to the Blatta 
Germanica, common in the woods in Germany. Some 
Achetz, large grasshoppers, and a small locust. In the 
order Hemiptera are many Cicada, some Cimicide, and 
even a Nepa is recorded. All the above specimens are pre- 
served in Amber in the academical collections at Berlin and 
Griefswald, and a few are recorded by Germar and 
Berendt.* 

In the British Museum, the following Amber Insects are 
recorded by Mr. T. Smith, of the Entomological Depart- 
ment. 

A dipterous Insect belonging to the European genus, 
Leptis and Echinomyia. 

A species of the blind travelling ants (Formicide) of Africa, 
being either Annomma rubella, or closely allied species, and 


* Burmeister’s Manual of Entomology, page 575. 
t Quarterly Journal of Science, April 1868, 


20 


another belonging to the African or South American genus, 
Polyrhachis. 

A Dipterous Insect belonging to a new genus of Muscide, 
allied to the European genus Tachinus. 

A clicking beetle belonging to the European genus Cardi- 
ophorus, a Heteromerous Beetle allied to the genus Statira. 
A species of the tropical family of Eumolpide. <A 
species of Termes (white ants). A Spider belonging to the 
family Attide. 

At my request, Mr. Baly has kindly examined the Insects 
in the small collection of Amber in the Warwick Museum, 
and he gives the following list. Coleoptera: several speci- 
mens belonging to the genera Scolytus, Bostichus, and Platy- 
pus or allied forms. 

Hymenoptera. Specimens of Formica, Myrmica, and a 
small genus of Apide, a social Bee, allied to, if uot belong- 
ing to the genus Apis. 

Neuroptera. Many specimens of Raphidia, and also larve 
and neuters of Termes. 

Lepidoptera. A single specimen belonging to the family 
Geometride. 

Orthoptera. Several specimens of Blatta and Gryllus. 

Diptera. Specimens of the genus Musca and others. 

Arachnida. Several specimens, very imperfect. 

He thinks the species are extinct, but all of European 
forms. 

My friend Professor Westwood informs me that in the 
Taylor Museum at Oxford, are several Insects in Amber, 
from Catania in Sicily, no doubt from some of the Tertiary 
deposits there, but of what exact age, I can obtain no accu- 
rate account ; nor are they referred to by Sir C. Lyell, who 
only mentions a remarkable and comparitively recent marine 
formation, with species of shells now living in the Mediter- 
ranean. Mr. Westwood states that the Insects are very 


21 


interesting and different to those of the Baltic. I regret I 
cannot add anything further about them. He also observes 
that the Insects (Neuroptera and Hemiptera, &c.,) Crustacea 
and Arachnida, figured and described by Berendt, 
(‘ Organische Reste in Bernstein,’) are many of them very 
like indeed to the Insects of the present time. They are 
marvellously like recent ones, many being of the same genera, 
and very few indeed out of the way forms, not more than I 
should expect to see in a collection from the East coast of 
Africa, or South America. On the other hand, the late Rev. F. 
W. Hope, in a paper read before the Entomological Society 
(of which he was President) in 1834, states it to be his opinion 
that the Amber Insects are altogether extra European, many 
of them belonging to tropical and temperate climes, while 
some approach South American and Indian forms. He knew 
of no existing species to which they were analogous, and are 
therefore probably extinct. This opinion he had arrived at 
by examination of a variety of specimens in the collections of 
Germany and England, and he adds that several well known 
Entomologists and Naturalists agreed with him. The sub- 
stances therefore, enclosed in Amber, whether animal or 
vegetable, agree with no existing species, the plants producing 
it being extinct, and is therefore Geologically of remote 
antiquity. There is, it will be seen, a considerable difference 
in opinion as to the Insects in Amber, between two eminent 
Entomologists which I merely state, leaving the Doctors to 
disagree, which may, or may not be beneficial to the 
constitution, but it is right this divergence should be noticed, 

Mr. Hope mentions the tail of a Lizard enclosed in Amber 
in the British Museum, and Lizards are found in Sicilian 
Amber ; and at St. Gard in France, this substance is met 
with in a bed of fossil wood, mixed with numerous shells 
Anopullaria, (a marine shell), Paludina, (a freshwater shell) 


22 


and Helix, (a land shell.) This no doubt, belongs to the 
Brown Coal. 

A Scorpion is figured in Prussian Amber, by Schweigger, 
a genus properly a native of warm climates, certainly never 
occurring so far North as Dantzig. A new genus of spiders 
described by the same writer, approaches in its characters a 
southern, and probably an American type. Formica 
Surinamensis, or at least one like it, has already been recog- 
nised in Amber, and some Insects of the following genera 
viz:—Gyrinus, Saperda; Hispa and Lamprosoma evince a 
South American relationship, while the Blattide, and some of 
the Hymenoptera resemble closely oriental species. The pres- 
ence of Phryganea, Ephemera, Panorpa, and Leptura, and - 
many other genera, indicate a northern climate. Perhaps, like 
some of the Lias Insects, the latter were (as I have suggested) 
brought down by streams from the higher regions of a 
mountainous country adjacent. At all events, we may 
conclude that the climate and temperature of Europe have 
undergone considerable change, which other organisms tend to 
prove, since the Tertiary period. The above examples of 
tropical Insects testify that the Amber producing tree did 
not vegetate under such a climate as that which Prussia, 
especially the Baltic area, now enjoys. As one might 
expect, the majority of the Amber Insects are Xylophagous. 
Foreign writers on this subject, state that upwards of 200 
species of Coleoptera are already known. Mr. Hope has 
recognised and described 83 genera, and various others 
uncharacterized, several of which belong to temperate 
climates, and many which are probably tropical. The 
major part of the insects, he adds, exhibit a close resemblance 
to existing species, though as he before remarks, not 
identical with them, and therefore extinct, and can be satis- 
factorily classed under published genera. He gives a 


23 


copious list of the families, genera, and species to which 
they may be referred, both in Amber and Anemé, among 
which are many new species, and some new genera. The 
latter gum is quoted chiefly from India. As this is a 
comparatively modern substance, the new genera and 
species, though previously unknown to Entomologists, might 
very well be so, since numerous living forms in that vast 
continent must be yet undiscovered, and there is no reason 
to suppose that the new ones in Anemé are not still living 
on the spot where it is formed. 

The fossil Insects found abundantly in the freshwater 
calcareous marl at Aix, in Provence, are many of them still 
living in the vicinity, though probably of Eocene age, or 
later. With reference to them, Mr. Curtis remarks that 
‘they are all of European forms, and are referable to 
existing genera, and there is nothing in the character of the 
insects to warrant the supposition of a higher temperature 
than that of the south of France.’* 

It is necessary to be cautious about many of the fossils 
stated to occur in Amber, because it appears from what 
Professor Westwood tells me that much has been written 
and many species described as Amber insects and plants, 
which in fact were found in gum anemé, a modern deposit 
going on at the present day. It exudes from the stem of a 
North American tree, the ‘Rhus Copalina,’ so closely 
resembling Amber, that only a practised eye could detect the 
difference ; and of course the fossils embedded in it would be- 
long to living genera and species. It is much to be regretted 


* At page 100 of my work on ‘Fossil Insects,’ I have pointed out that the Purbeck 
Insects are many of them allied to European forms, while the Lias are more nearly 
related to those which now inhabit North America, and both bear an absolute 
analogy to existing forms, which considering their age is remarkable, and so far 
indeed the Insects even of more remote Geological epochs, and really of very 
great antiquity, differ from the contemporary forms of animal life associated with 
them, which are for the most part new and extinct. But though the Purbeck and 
Lias Insects are thus allied to living European and North American forms, many 
are new and cannot like the later Tertiary Insects, be absolutely identified with 
species still in existence. 


24 


that the true Amber has in any way been mixed up with 
this more recent gum, but there can be no doubt about the 
age of the Amber-earth, from the Baltic referred to in this 
paper. There are other kinds of resinous gum, viz : —gum 
copal used in making varnish, and a gum which is derived 
from modern fir trees, and all of recent vegetable origin, but 
all may be distinguished chemically from one another, 
Anemé is very transparent, copal differs from it by a faint 
opalescence, and a pale greenish yellow tinge. True Amber 
is derived from an extinct coniferous tree, perhaps from two 
distinct trees, though probably a Pinus, like the living Pinus 
Balsamea, and only existing in the earlier and later Tertiary 
epochs. It does not soften when heated like the other gums. 

This paper is by no means exhaustive. The literature 
on this subject is very extensive, and I hope on a future 
occasion to have access to some of the works, chiefly foreign 
but well-known, and to make any additions which may tend 
to increase our knowledge on this interesting question, and 
to make this article more generally useful and complete. 


The Annual Winter Meeting of the Warwickshire 
Naturalists’ and Archzologists’ Field Club, was held in the 
Museum Warwick, by kind permission of the Council of the 
Warwickshire Natural History and Archeological Society, 
on Monday, February 28th, 1871. The following papers 
were read :—Fortified Coventry, a sketch of the past and 
present condition of the defences, illustrated by plans and 
drawings, by W. G. Tretton Esq. On the Oolitic Drift gravel 
of Lutterworth, Kilworth, &c., by R. T. Musgrave, Esq. On 
Trees by the Rev. W. Johnson. There was a large attendance 
of members and several Ladies also were present. 


25 


The following is an abstract of the proceedings of the 
W.N. & A. Field Club during the past year. 


The First Summer Meeting of the Club was held at 
Bromsgrove Lickey, on Tuesday, May 24th, 1871. Under the 
guidance of Mr. Hemming, the party first inspected an old 
Manor House near Barnt Green, thence to some old quarries 
of Wenlock limestone, with a few fossils, to Colmar’s end 
examining some interesting and instructive sections of altered 
Llandovery sandstone en route. This sandstone forms the 
main mass of these hills, and is for the most part converted 
into Quartz Rock, indicating a line of eruption, and finally 
graduates into an ordinary grit with characteristic fossils, a 
few of which were obtained, here and there the Permian 
pebble beds were traced in situ, dipping beneath the new 
red sandstone. On the other side of Bromsgrove, several 
quarries of lower Keuper sandstone were visited, one of 
which affords a very fine section, amd contains numerous 
imperfect remains of plants, chiefly impressions of a finely 
striated stem, these occur forthe most part in the bottom 
rock of fine micaceous sandstone of a grey and red colour, 
thickly bedded. The deepest quarry is worked to a depth of 
fifty feet at least. Many of the sandstones make an ex- 
cellent building stone, and harden by exposure. The quarry 
where the remarkable fish Dipteronotus was found, was 
carefully searched, but no traces of bones or scales could be 
discovered. The Lickey is the most eastern extension of 
the Llandovery sandstone ; but a considerable portion of 
these hills is composed of Permian Breccia. Some rare 
plants occur there, such as Viola rubra, and the grass of 
Parnassus, but were not noticed on this occasion. 


The next Meeting being an excursion of three or four 
days, took place at Woolhope, in Herefordshire, on Tuesday, 


26 


June 21st, under the able guidance of the Rev. F. Merewether, 
Rector of Woolhope. The party had along walk to examine 
an interesting and previously unknown mass of drift, near 
Fownhope, visiting numerous quarries of Wenlock limestone, 
shale and lower Ludlow rock, near Mordiford, returning 
by Littlehope, to examine the Woolhope or lower Wenlock 
limestone, largely quarried there. Very few fossils were 
obtained. The following days were devoted to the ex- 
amination of the Llandovery sandstone, at Haugh Wood and 
the Wenlock quarries, and old red sandstone towards Sollers- 
hope, the large and well-known quarries at Dormington, 
and lastly the passage beds at Perton, where the Rev. P. B. 
Brodie discovered a new and entire species of Eurypterus, 
which has been described by Mr. Woodward and named 
by him E. Brodiei. These junction beds between the old 
red sandstone and the Silurians are of much interest, and 
were shown by Mr. Brodie to have a much wider extension 
round the Woolhope area than had been previously sus- 
pected ; and are fully described by him in a paper lately 
read at the Geological Society. Two exposures of 
Llandovery sandstone, not generally known, were poitted out 
by Mr. Merewether, N.W., and $. of Woolhope. 

It was much to be regretted that the attendance of Mem- 
bers was so limited, as there are few neighbourhoods which 
can compete with this for the varied beauty of the scenery 
and the interesting and instructive Geology. 


The next Meeting was held at Alcester, on July 20th, 
1870, and was entirely devoted to Archeology. 


The last Meeting of the season was held at Lutterworth, 
in Leicestershire, on Tuesday, August 16th, 1870. The 
party consisting of about ten members, went first to New- 
bold-on-Avon, to examine the few sections of Lower Lias 


27 


exposed there. The rest of the day was devoted to the 
inspection of numerous and interesting gravel-pits at 
Brocklehurst, Pailton, Monk’s Kirby, &e., consisting of 
variable masses of Drift both above and below the Boulder 
Clay, in some places fine and sandy, and at other, 
made up of coarser materials, with much irregular bedding 
containing boulders of rocks of all ages, mostly from the 
north, with large square blocks of Lias, full of fossils, 
boulders of syenite, probably from Charnwood Forest, trap, 
chalk, flints, oolite, and many other formations. No marine 
or fresh-water shells have been discovered in any of this 
Drift, which for the most part covers the whole of this 
district, and entirely conceals the Lias beneath which only 
can be seen on the Midland Railway at Coal-pit Lane. An 
exceedingly fine church lately restored at Monk’s Kirby was 
visited, and Lutterworth Church also restored, but not so 
striking as the former, though of special interest, because 
the great Reformer Wycliffe was formerly Rector of the 
parish. 


28 
Additions to the Museum and Library. 


GEOLOGY. 


DONATIONS. 
Pullastra (Cloacina) arenicola. Canal, Copt Heath, Knowle. Presented 
by Rev. P. B. Brodie. 


Cerithiam Brodiei (Tate) Middle Lias, Aston Magna. Presented 
by Rev. P. B. Brodie. 


Series of Fossils, from the Lower Cambrian and Silurian beds of St. 
Davids, Pembroke, &c., &e. Presented by H. Hicks, Esq., St. David's 
and J. W. Kirshaw, Esq. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


DONATIONS. 


A Cabinet of Casts of Seals, principally Warwickshire, collected by 
the late C. Durnford Greenway, Esq. Presented by the Miss 
Greenways. 

A Pix, probably of the 14th century. Presented by the Miss 
Greenways. 


LIBRARY. 


DONATIONS. 


Proceedings of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archeologists’ Field 
lub for 1870. Presented by that Society. 


LIBRARY. 


PURCHASES. 


Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol.6and 7. 4th series. 
Camden Society’s Publications:— 
No. 103. Debates in the House of Lords, 1621. 
No. 104. The Camden Miscellany. Vol. 6. 
Geological Magazine, 70 to 81. 
Palzontographical Society’s Publications :— 


Vol. 24.--Carboniferous Flora. Part II. 
Cretaceous Echinadermata. Vol.1, Part IV. 
Fossil Brachiopoda Silurian. Part VII. No. 4. 
Eocene Mollusca. Part IV. No. 3. Bivalve. 
Mesozoei Mammalia. 


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PATRON. 


Tue Ricgut HonorsABLeE THE EARL OF WARWICK. 


PRESIDENT. 


Epwarp Greaves, Esq, M.P. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

Tue Rigat Honoraste THE Eart or AYLESFORD. 
Cuartes Horte Bracesriper, Esa. 
Watter Henry Bracesrivas, Esq. 

Tue Rieut Honoraste Lorp Dormer. 
JAMES Ducpate, Esa. 

Tue Ricut HonorasLe THE Eart or CAMPERDOWN. 
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S. 
Tue Rigor Honorasce Lorp Lerten, F.Z.S. 
Grorce Lioyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. 

Smr Gerorce RicHarp Parties, Barr. 

Marx Puiuips, Esa. 

Evetyn Puitie Sairiey, Esq., F.S.A. 

JoHn Sraunton Esq. 

Tur Riaut Honoraste Lorp WILLOUGHBY DE BROKE. 
Henry CuristoPpHeR Wiser, Esq., M.P. 


HONORARY SECRETARIES. 


Toe Rev. Peter Betiincer Bropiz, M.A., F.G.S. 
JoHN WitiiaAm KirsHaw, F.G.S. 


ol 
HONORARY CURATORS. 


Geology and Alineralogy. 


The REV. P.B. BRODIE, M.A., F.GS. JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G:S. 
GEORGE LLOYD, Ese., M.D., F.G.S. R. F. TOMES, Ese., F.Z.S. 


Dotany. 


FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq., F.B.S.E. | F. E. KITCHENER, Esq., F.L.S. 


aoology. 


GEORGE LLOYD, Esq, M.D., F.G.S. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esq., F.Z.S. 
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A. 


Entomology. 


THE REV. W. BREE. | J. S. BALY, Esq., F.L.S., MLE.S. 


Archeology. 


MATTHEW HOLBECHEBLOXAM, Esa. | JOHNFETHERSTON, Jon., Esq., F.S.A. 
P, O’CALLAGHAN, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A, 


AUDITOR. 


KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esq. 


COUNCIL. 
The PATRON THOMAS COTTON Esq. 
The PRESIDENT MAJOR GENERAL JOHN H. FREER 
The VICE-PRESIDENTS THE REY. PHILIP 8S. HARRIS 
The HONORARY SECRETARIES THOMAS LLOYD, Esa, 
The HONORARY CURATORS W. H. PARSEY, Esq., M.D. 
The TREASURER JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS, Esq. 
The AUDITOR THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Ese. 


WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. THOMAS THOMSON, Esq. M.D. 
The REV. WILLIAM BREE JOHN TIBBITS, Esq., M.D. 


32 
LIST OF MEMBERS, 


1871. 


HONORARY MEMBERS. 


? 

Tue Rev. Apam Sepewick, B.D., F.RS., F.LS., F.G.S. 
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and 
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of 
Cambridge, gc. 


Rogert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.SS. L. & E., F.R.C.P.E, 
F.L.S., F.G.S , F.Z.S., Professor of Comparative Anatomy 
and Zoology at the University College, London, §e., 
Grafton Place, Euston Square, London. 


Joun Putties, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., Professor of 
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University of 
Oxford, sc, Oxford. 


LizvTENANT-CoLoneL WirrttAm Henry Sykes, M.P. 
F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde 
Park, London. 


SamvuE. Bircu, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Keeper of Oriental 
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of the 
Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin, 
Gottingen, Herculaneum, &c., §¢. 


Apert Way, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British 
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the “ Comité des 
Arts et Monuments, Wouham, near Reigate, Surrey. 


GrorGeE Lioyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham Heath. 


33 
MEMBERS. 


THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS. 


wee 


The Right Honourable Earl of Aylesford, Packington 
Hall, Vice-President. 

W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington. 

Henry Baly, Esq., M.P.S., Warwick. 

J. §. Baly, Esq., F.L.S., M.E.S., Warwick, Member of 
Council. 

Richard Barnett, Esq., Coten End, Warwick. 

William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington. 

Matthew Holbeche, Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator. 

*Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall,  Vice- 
President. 

Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sher- 
bourne, Vice-President. 

Rev. William Bree, Allesley, near Coventry, Member of 
Council. 

The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Rowington, 
Hon. Secretary and Curator. 

John Coulson Bull, Esq., Leamington. 

Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable the Ear! of Warwick, Warwick 
Castle, Patron. 

William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrooke Grange, near 
Rugby. 

P. O’Callaghan, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A., Leamington, 
Member of Council. 

Henry Chance, Esq., Sherbourne, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable the Earl of Clarendon, the Grove, 
Watford. 

Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick. 


54 


Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick. 

John M. Cooke, Esq., Warwick. 

Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth, 
Member of Council. 

Thomas Bellamy Dale, Esq., Warwick. 

The Right Honourable Lord Dormer, Grove Park, Vice- 
President. 

The Right Honourable the Earl of Camperdown, Vice- 
President. 

James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Vice-President. 

John Fetherston, Junr., Esq., F.S.A., Packwood House, 
Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator. 

Major General John Harbidge Freer, Kenilworth, Member 
of Council. 

Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill. 

*Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P., Avonside, Barford, Vice- 
President and Treasurer. 

Mrs. Greaves, The Cliffe, Warwick. 

Miss Greenway, Warwick. 

Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

The Rev. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, 
Leamington. 

The Rev. H. Hayman. D.D., Rugby. 

Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, 
London, W.C. 

Sir Robert N. C. Hamilton, Bart., K.C.B., Avon Cliff, 
Stratford-on-Avon. 

The Rev. Philip S. Harris, Leicester Hospital, Warwick, 
Member of Council. 

Mellor Hetherington, Esq., Edston Hall. 

Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

Richard Child Heath, Esq., Warwick. 

William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon. 


35 


James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S., Loxley House, 
Vice-Fresident. 

F. E. Kitchener, Esq., Rugby, F.L.S. - 

Miss Kimberly, Warwick. 

John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary 
and Hon. Curator. 

Thomas Lloyd, Esq., the Priory, Warwick, Member of 
Council. 

The Right Honourable Lord Leigh, F.Z.S., Stoneleigh 
Abbey, Vice-President. 

The Rev. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy. 

Philip Wykeham Martin, Esq., M.P., Leeds Castle, Kent. 

Mr. James Mallory, Warwick. 

John Moore, Esq., Warwick. 

George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick. 

Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick. 

T. N. G. Newton, Esq., Barrels, Henley-in-Arden. 

The Rev. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton. 

' William Henry Parsey, Esq. M.D., Hatton, Member of 
Council. 

Arthur Wellesly Peel, Esq., M:P., Sandy, Bedfordshire. 

The Rev. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New 
Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C. 

Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near 
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President. 

Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice- 
President. 

The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., Beauchamp Terrace East, 
Leamington. 

Josiah Yeomans Robins, Esq., Myton, Member of Council. 

The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth. 

Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., Irlam Lodge, Warwick Place, 
Leamington, Member of Council. 


36 


Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F.S.A., Eatington Park, near 
Stratford upon-Avon, Vice-President. 

William Smith, Esq., Warwick. 

John Staunton Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council. 

Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace, 
Leamington, Vice-President. 

John Tibbits, Esq., M.D., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Robert Fisher Tomes, Pa F.Z.S., Welford, near Strat- 
ford-on-Avon, Hon Curator. 

The Rey. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator. 

Frederick Townsend, Esq, M.A., F.B.S.E., Oakfield, 
Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford- 
upon-Avon. 

*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bedworth, 

George Williams, Esq., Haseley. 

The Right Honourable Lord Willoughby-de-Broke, 
Compton Verney, Vice-President. 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek 
Wootton, Vice-President. 

J. Wimbridge, Esq., Warwick. 

Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby. 

The Rev. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash. 


1836—1853 
1853—1871 


1836—1837 
1837—1838 
1838—1839 
1839—1840 
1840—1841 


1841—1842 
1842—1843 
1843—1844 
1844—1845 
1845—1846 
1846—1847 


1847—1818 
1848—1849 
1849—1850 
1850—1851 
1851—1852 
1852—1853 
1853—1854 
1854—1855 
1855—1856 
1856—1857 
1857—1858 
1858—1859 
1859—1860 
1860—1861 
1861—1862 
1862—1863 
1863—1864 
1864—1865 
1865—1866 
1866—1867 
1867—1868 
1868—1869 
1869—1870 
1870—1871 
1871—1872 


37 


List of Patrons and Presidents, 
From 1836 tro 1872. 


PATRONS. 


The Right Honourable Henry Richard Greville, Earl 
Brooke and Earl of Warwick, K.T., LL.D. 

The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl 
Brooke and Earl of Warwick. 


PRESIDENTS. 


Chandos Leigh, Esq., F.H.S. 

Sir John Mordaunt, Bart., M.P. 

Sir John Eardley Eardley Wilmot, Bart., M.P., F.R.S. 

William Holbeche, Esq., F.G.S. 

The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Lord 
Brooke. 

Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq. 

William Staunton, Esq. 

Sir Francis Lawley, Bart., F.H.S., F.Z.S. 

Sir Gray Skipworth, Bart. 

The Most Honourable Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton. 

Sir John Robert Cave Browne Cave, Bart., 
Marquess of Northampton, D.C.L., PREesmpentT RB.S., 
F.S.A., Hoy. M.R.1.A., F.G-S8. 

Evelyn J ohn Shirley, Esq. ., M.P. 

The Honourable William Henry Leigh. 

Sir Theophilus Biddulph, Bart. 

Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq. 

Mark Philips Esq., 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq. 

John Staunton, Fsq. 

Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq. 

Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq. 

The Right Honourable Lord Leigh, F.Z.S. 

Eyelyn Philip Shirley, Esq. 

The Rev. Vaughan Thomas, B.D. 

Sir George Richard Philips, Bart. 

Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P. 

Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P. 

John Staunton, Esq. 

John Staunton, Esq. 

Richard Greaves, Esq. 

Richard Greaves, Esq. 

James Cove Jones, Hsq., F.S.A., M.N.S. 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F.8.A., M.N.S. 

James Dugdale, Esq. 

James Dugdale, Esq. 

Edward Greaves Esq., M.P. 

Edward Greaves Hsq., M.P. 


38 


The Meetings of the Council are held on the First 
Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January, and 
the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Easter week. 


The Museum is open daily to the Members and their 
Friends, from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of 
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Eleven 
o'clock to Four between the First of November and the 
last day of February. 


Non-Subscribers are admitted on payment of an 
admission fee of sixpence each. 


The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on 
Mondays and Tuesdays. 


The Annual Subscriptions for 1871 are due on the 24th 
day of May, and the Council request that the Subscribers 
will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at the Bank of 
Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, Warwick ; or to 
Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of Subscrip- 
tions, Leicester Street, Leamington. , 


PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK, 


WARWICKSHIRE 


» NATURAL HISTORY 


SES OE 


tae eyo 
ry > Y 
( 


WARWICKSHIRE 


NATURAL HISTORY 
ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 


ESTABLISHED MAY 24th, 1836. 


THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT 
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS, 


READ AT THE 


ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 5, 1872. 


In presenting the annual report, the Council congratu- 
late the Members on the continued prosperity of the 
Society. 

Some valuable additions have been made to the Museum 
and Library, by donation and purchase, during the past 
year. 

The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arrang- 
ing a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and 
some of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small 
but judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when 
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon 
make the entire Geological collection most valuable and 
instructive, and one of the best out of London. At present 
the collections of Natural History and Geology form a good 
educational medium for all classes, and it is of the utmost 
importance to maintain and increase its efficiency. 


2 


The fine example of the ‘‘ Megacerus”—‘“ Fossil deer of 
Treland,” from Lough Gur, near Limerick, which was pre- 
sented to the Society by the late Richard Greaves, Esq., is 
now placed in the Geological room of the Museum. 

A remarkably fine head, not quite perfect, of a gigantic 
Ichthyosaurus, from the upper Lias of Whitby, and two 
Casts of the skulls of a large-sized Labyrinthodon, from 
the Keuper of Germany, have been presented to the Society. 

Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is 
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the 
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be 
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than 
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a collec- 
tion properly, and for the same reason it is much less 
profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes of 
general instruction. 

Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, there 
are several formations which are still very defective, 
amongst which may be enumerated the following:—The 
Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce, 
Headon Hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. London 
Clay Fossils, from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and Lower 
Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower Silurian will 
be very acceptable. The aid of the members is particularly 
requested in procuring fossils from the County, especially 
those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian, as it should be the 
chief aim of all local Museums to have as fine a suite as 
possible from the strata which occur in the immediate 
neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire Natural History 
Society has endeavoured to carry out. 


ARCHAOLOGY. 


The Roman Coffin, found in the excavation for the 


3 


railway near Alcester, which was purchased for the Society, 
has been set up at the entrance-door of the Museum. 


BRITISH MAMMALIA. 

Although no addition has been made to the British 
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the 
collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assistance 
in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which migrate, 
and which therefore in some species can only be obtained as 
stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and though some are 
rarer than others, all may be obtained with tolerable 
certainty, by those residing in such parts of the country as 
they are known to inhabit. With the exception of the 
marine species, such as the Whales and Porpoises, there 
are none which might not take their place in our collection 
of British fer. We have already some of the largest of the 
land animals, as the Red Deer and Roebuck, both presented 
by Edward Greaves, Esq. A mounted specimen of the 
Fallow Deer, and of the two kinds of Martin, te. the 
yellow breasted and the white breasted Martin, would go 
far towards the completion of the terrestrial Mammalia of 
Great Britain. We earnestly hope that some friends to 
this Institution will kindly furnish one or other of these 
desiderata. Of the smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and 
Bats, a few kinds are wanting, but these the Curators 
believe they shall before long be able to supply. 

ENTOMOLOGY. 

The Entomological collection is in the course of arrange- 
ment in the New Cabinet, the Aculeate Hymenoptera, 
occupying nine drawers, are already arranged, and the 
arrangement of the Coleoptera is commenced. 

The majority of scientific Entomologists residing in or 
near London, have confined their researches principally to 


4 


the Metropolitan district, or to the Southern counties of 
England ; consequently the Midland counties present an 
almost unworked field, which must contain very many 
interesting novelties. 

Warwickshire from its high state of cultivation has but 
few waste spots, on which Insects usually abound, but its 
varied soil and numerous woods will doubtless yield great 
results to the efforts of a zealous collector. Those of our 
members living in the country are earnestly solicited to 
preserve and forward to our Curators any specimens that 
may fall in their way. Lepidoptera may be captured in 
pill-boxes, and killed by means of a few drops of Chloroform, 
Coleoptera and other orders should be put into a bottle in 
which has been previously placed a small quantity of 
bruised laurel leaves, the prussic acid contained in the 
leaves not only very quickly killing the Insects, but also 
preserving them fresh, and in a state for setting for a 
considerable length of time. 


ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION. 

When the repairs of the Museum were brought to a close, 
the room containing the collection underwent a thorough 
cleaning, and the specimens were taken out, examined, 
carefully cleaned, and returned to the cases. The windows 
of the rooms, the approaches to which were awkwardly 
blocked up with cases, were relieved of their obstructions, 
the specimens which were in these cases being transported 
to their proper places in the series to which they respectively 
belonged. But the most important change which has been 
made in this department, is the separation of the British 
from the Exotic species. In nearly all the extensive 
Natural History Museums in Europe the native species 
are now fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately 


5 


been the case in our National Museum, and whereas the 
observer had before this change to seek laboriously through 
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated 
specimens which had formed the collection of some 
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel 
Montague,—he may now see them all placed side by side 
in the gallery devoted to British Zoology. And with them 
he may also see ranged the gems from the collection of the 
late Mr. Yarrell, The advantage of such an arrangement 
is obvious. 


It has been observed, with great truth, “that you cannot 
vie with the larger Museums in a general collection, but 
you may eacel them if you confine yourselves to a purely 
local collection.” Fully agreeing with this opinion, the 
Hon. Curators, while enlarging the collection of British 
Birds, purpose to do so, as much as possible, by means of 
specimens obtained in Warwickshire, or the contiguous 
Counties. They offer these remarks in the hope that the 
friends of the Institution will assist them in carrying out 
their views, by donation of some of the species forming the 
following list of desiderata:— 


Order 1. Accipitress, Linn. 


Egyptian Vulture ... ... Neophron Percnopterus (Linn.) 
Griffon Vulture ee Gyps fulous (Gmel) 
Rough-legged Buzzard ... Archibuteo Lagopus (Briin.) 
Spotted Eagle ... ... ... Aquila nevia (Gmel.) Mey 
Jer-falcon ... ... ... «.. Faleo Gyrfalco, Linn. 

Red-footed Falcon ... ... Tinnunculus vespertinus (Linn.) 
Swallow-tailed Kite... ... Wauclerus fereatus (Linn.) Vigors. 
Goshawk ... ... ... ... Astur palwmbarius (Linn.) Bechst. 
Montagu’s Harrier ... ... Circus cinerascens (Mont.) 


Hawk Owl es a. Surnia ulula (Linn.) Bonap. 
SnowyOwl[Brit.Specimen.] Nyctea nivea (Thunb.) 

Little Owl... ... ... _... Athene noctua (Retz.) 
Great-earedOwl[female]... Bubo maximus, Sibb. 

Tengmalm’s Owl... ... Nyetale Tengmalmi (Gmel.) Strickl. 


6 


Order 2. Passeres, Cuv. 
Alpine Swift ... ... ... Cypselus Melba, Linn. 


Roller ay ... Coracias garrula, Linn. 
Bee-eater [ Brit. Specimen. ] Merops Apiaster (Linn.) 
Dartford Warbler... Sylvia undata (Bodd.) 
Garden Warbler [female]... Sylvia hortensis (Penn.) 
Fire-crested Regulus ... Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm. 


Plain-crowned Kinglet ... Regulus proregulus (Pall.) 
BlackRedstart{ Brit.specim. | Ruticilla tithys (Scop ) 


Blue-throated Warbler ... Cyanecula suecica, Linn. 
Alpine Accentor ... ... Accentor alpinus, Gmel. Bechst. 
Crested Tit vee ee eee Porus cristatus, Linn. 

White Wagtail... ... ... Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.] 
Grey-headed Wagtail ... Motacilla flava, Linn. 

Rock Pipit... ... ... .... Anthus spinoletta (Linn.) 
Richard’s Pipit... ... ... Anthus Richardi (Vieill.) 
White’s Thrush... ... ... Turdus varius, Horsf 

Rock Thrush... ... ... Zurdus saxatilis, Linn. 

Golden Oriole ...... .... Oriolus Galbula, Linn. 


Golden-vented Thrush... Pyenonotus aurigaster, (Vieill.) 
Gt. Ash-color’d Shrike pee Evxicubitor, Linn. 


Woodchat Shrike ... ... Hnneoctonus refus (Briss.) 
Nutcracker S Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linn.) Briss. 
Rose-color’ dOuzel[Britspec. |Pastor roseus (Linn.) Temm. 
Red-winged Starling ... Agelaius pheniceus (Linn.) Vieill. 
Mountain Linnet ... ... Fringilla flavirostris, Linn. 

Cirl Bunting... ... ... Hmberiza Cirlus, Linn. 

Ortolan Bunting... ... Emberiza hortulana, Linn. 

Lapland Bunting ... ... Plectrophanes lapponicus (Linn.) Selb. 
Short-toed Lark ... ... Alauda brachydactyla, Temm. 
Crested Lark ... ... ... Alauda cristata, Linn. 

Shore Lark... ... ... ... Octocoris alpestris (Linn.) 

Parrot Cross-bill ... ... Lowia pityopsittacus, Bechst. 


White-winged Cross- pill ... Lowia leucoptera, Gmel. 
pider 3. Scansores, Ill. 


American Cuckoo ... ... Coceyzus americanus (Linn.) 

Great spotted Cuckoo ... Oxylophus glandarius (Linn. 
Order 4. Columbee, Lath. 

Rock Dove... ... ... ... Columba Livia, Briss. 

Passenger Pigeon ... ... Ectopistes migratorius (Linn.) Swains. 
Order 5. Galline, Linn. 

Barbary Partridge ... ... Caccabis petrosa (Lath.) 

Andalusian Hemipode ... Turnix gibraltaricus (Gmel.) Gould. 

Virginian Colin... ... ... Ortyx virginianus (Linn.) Gray. 


Order 6. Struthiones, Lath. 


Great Buzzard... ... ... Otis trada, Linn. 


Little Buzzard ... 


Great Plover ... ... 


Cream-coloured Courser ... 


Kentish Plover... 
Uranie Sao cet, aks 
Great White Heron ... 
Squacco Heron... ... 
Buffed-backed Heron 
Spoon-bill ... 

White Stork 

Black Stork... 
Spotted Redshank 
Wood Sandpiper 
ALVOCE EE Pte, Os 
Black-winged Stilt 


Schintz’s Sandpiper ... 
Pectoral Sandpiper ... 
Brown Snipe 

Sabine’s Snipe... ... 
Red-necked Phalarope 
Ballion’s Crake... 
Little Crake 


Order 


i 


. Otis tetrax, Linn. 


7. Gralle, Linn. 


(idicnemus ecrepitans, Temm. 
Cursorius gallicus (Gmel.) 


. Charadrius Cantianus, Lath. 
... Grus cinerea, Bechst. 

.. Ardea alba, Gmel. 
Egret [British specimen]. 


Ardea Gazetta, Linn. 


. Ardea Comata, Pall. 

.. Ardea Coromanda, Bodd. 

.. Platalea leucorodia, Linn. 
... Ciconia alba, Briss. 
... Ciconia nigra, Bechst. 

. Totanus Stagnalis, Bechst. 

. Totanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm. 
.. Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn. 

. Himantosus Candidus, Bonn. 
Buff-breasted Sandpiper ... 
Broad-billed Sandpiper ... 


Tringa refescens, Vieill. 
Tringa platyrhyncha, Temm. 


. Tringa Schinzii, Brehm. 
. Tringa Pectoralis, Say. 
_, Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach. 
... Gallinago Sabini, Vigors. 
... Phalarophus hyperboreus (Linn.) Cuvier. 
. Ortygometra pygme, Nawn. 
. Ortygometra minuta, Pall. 


Order 8. Anseres, Linn. 


Spur-winged Goose ... 
Common Wild Goose 
White-fronted Goose 
Pink-footed Goose 
Bernicle Goose ... 4 
Red-breasted Goose ... 
Polish Swan  . i 
Whistling Swan 
Bewick’s Swan ... 
American Swan. 
Ruddy Shieldrake 
American Wigeon 
Bimaculated Duck ... 
Gadwall 


... Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph. 
.. Anser ferus, Gesn. 
, Anser Erythropus, (Linn.) Flem. 
... Anser Brachyrhynchus, Baill. 
... Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) 
... Bernicla ruficollis (Pall.) Steph. 
... Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrell. 
.. Cygnus ferus, Ray. 
... Cygnus minor, Pall. 
... Cygnus americanus, Sharpless. 
... Casarka rutila, Pall. 
... Mareca americana (Gmel.) Steph. 
... Querquedula bimaculata, Penn. 


Chaulelasmus strepera, Linn. 


Red-crested Whistling Duck Branta rufina (Pall.) Boie. 


Scaup Pochard ... 
Ferruginous Duck 
Harlequin Garrot 
Long-tailed Hareld ... 


King Duck 
Surf Scoter 


Fuligula Marila (Linn.) Steph. 


.. Nyroca leucophthalma (Bechst.) Flem. 
... Clangula histrionica (Linn.) Steph. 
. Harelda glacialis (Linn.) Leach. 
Steller’s Western Duck ... 
: . Somateria spectabilis (Linn.) Steph. 
. Oidemia perspicillata (Linn.) Steph. 


Eniconetta Stelleri, Pall. 


Red-breasted Merganser ... 
... Prodiceps grisegena (Bodd.) Lath. 
. Prodiceps Cornuius (Gmel.) Lath. 
. Alea impennis, Linn. 
.. Puffinus Anglorum, Ray. 
. Puffinus cinereus, Gmel. 
. Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl. 
.. Thalassidroma Leachii, Temm. 
.. Thalassidroma Bulweri (J. & 8.) Gould. 
.. Stercorarius cephus, Brin. 
... Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn. 
. Laurus glaucus, Brin. 
.. Laurus leucopterus, Faber. 
... Laurus minutus, Pall, 
.. Xema Sabini, Leach. 
.. Pagophila eburnea (Gmel.) Kaup. 
... Sterna caspia, Pall. 
. Sterna anglica, Mont. 
. Sterna cantica, Gul. 


Red-necked Grebe 
Sclavonian Grebe 
Great Auk... 

Manx Shearwater 
Cinereous Shearwater 
Wilson’s Petrel... ... 
Forked-tailed Petrel... 
Bulwer’s Petrel... 
Buffon’s Squa 
Common Squa ... 
Glaucous Gull ... 
Iceland Gull 

Little Gull... 
Sabine’s Gull 

Ivory Gull... 

Caspian Tern... ... 
Gulled Lilled Tern ... 
Sandwith Tern ... 


8 


Mergus Serrator, Linn, 


Roseate Tern... ... ... Sterna paradisea, Brin. 
White-winged BlackTern... Hydrocheidon nigra, Linn. 
Black Noddy . Anous stolidus (Linn.) Catesby. 


BOTANY. 

The Council report, with much pleasure, that sufficient 
money has been raised to purchase the valuable Herbarium 
collected by the late Mr. Perry, and the thanks of the 
Society are due to those friends who have presented it 
to the Museum. Through the exertions of the Rev. C. F. 
Thorneville, lately resident for a short time in Warwick, 
the Collection has been carefully examined, a report drawn 
up on the condition of the specimens, and a list made out 
of the desiderata. 
tion the best mode of arranging the Herbarium, and of 


The Council have now under considera- 


rendering its contents available for the use of such Botani- 
cal students as may wish to consult it. 
LIBRARY. 

An opportunity occured to purchase a very good copy of 
the second edition of Dugdale’s Antiquities of Warwickshire, 
by Dr. Thomas, of which the Council availed themselves, 
considering that it was very desirable to have it in the 
Library for reference. 


9 


A Catalogue of Books in the Library has been made, to 
the 3lst December, 1867, and a copy was sent to each 
Member. 

The Council will be glad to receive presents of any works 
of Local interest, for the Library. 

Any member wishing to take a Book from the Library, 
is particularly requested to see that an entry is made in the 
book kept for that purpose, which is on the Library table. 
The date must also be entered when the book is returned. 

Before Members are allowed to take Books out of the 
Library, a deposit of ten shillings is required. Some of 
the Books cannot be taken away from the Library. 

The Accounts for the year have been audited, and the 
General Financial Statement, to March 31st, 1872, is 
appended to this report. 

The Museum, now containing a valuable and well- 
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and 
Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not 
extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is highly 
creditable to the Town and County of Warwick, and 
deserves a much greater amount of support than it has of 
late years received. An excellent foundation has been 
laid, but much might be effected if adequate means were 
placed at the disposal of the Council. Owing to the losses 
by death, of several subscribers during the past year, and 
the small number of additional members, the funds of the 
Society are in a less satisfactory condition than could be 
desired. A reference to the list of subscribers will show 
that only a few of the rich and influential residents in the 
County belong to the Society. If the members would 
solicit annual subscriptions from their friends and neigh- 
bours, it is probable that a considerable addition would be 
made to the tunds of the Society. 


10 


During the last winter season, the Museum has been 
lighted up, and opened on each Wednesday Evening, and 
Four Evening Lectures have been given, which were well 
attended. 

The First Lecture in November, 1871, was given by 


Captain R. D. Knight, on the Use of the Microscope. 

The Second in December, 1871, by Mr. J. T. Burgess, on 
Warwick Castle, in the time of the Kingmaker. 

The Third in January, 1872, by the Rev. J. Reynolds 
Young, M.A., on Natural History, for beginners and 
amateurs. 

The Fourth in February, 1872, by Mr. Robert Fisher 
Tomes, on Mammalia. 

An account of the monies received and expended in the 
Lighting and Lectures, &c., is given with this report, and it is 
hoped that the interest may be maintained, and the Museum 
made more useful in the Winter evenings. 


11 


At the Annual Meeting of the Society which was held at 
the Museum, Warwick, on Friday, April 5th, 1872, 
M. H. Bloxam, Esq., F.S.A., read the concluding paper on 
“ Warwickshire, during the Civil Wars of the Seventeenth 
Century.” 


I concluded my last notice of the Civil Wars in War- 
wickshire, with an account of that great, though undecisive 
battle fought under the Edge Hills, near Kineton. I shall 
now proceed to supplement that account by the relation 
of an Officer in the Parliamentary Army, who, though not 
actually in the battle, was with other forces coming up 
from the west to join the army of the Earl of Essex. It 
was in the year 1827, now 45 years ago, that I transcribed 
this account from the collection of Pamphlets in the British 
Museum, relating to the Civil Wars of the seventeenth 
century. This account is entitled,— 


“A full and true Relation of the great Battle fought 
between the King’s army and his Excellency the Earle of 
Essex, upon the 23 of October last past (being the same 
day twelve moneth that the Rebellion broke out in 
Ireland), sent in a letter from Captain Edward Kightley, 
now in the Army, to his friend Mr. Charles Latham, in 
Lombard Street, London. Wherein may bee clearely 
seene what reason the Cavaliers have to give thankes for 
the victory which they had over the Parliament’s Forces.” 

“London: Printed, November the 4, 1642.” 

‘“* Loving Cousin,—I shall make so near as I can, a true, 
though long relation of the battell fought betweene the 
King’s Army and our Army, under the conduct and com- 
mand of my Lord Generall. 

“On Saturday, October 22, our Forces were quartered 
very late, and did lie remote one from the other, and my 


12 


Lord General did quarter in a small villiage, where the 
battel was fought, in the field called Great Kings field, 
taking the name from a Battell there fought by King John 
as they say. On Sunday, the 23 of October, about one of 
clocke in the afternoone, the battell did begin, and it con- 
tinued untill it was very darke; the field was very great 
and large, and the King’s forces came down a great and 
long hill, hee had the advantage of the ground and wind, 
and they did give a brave charge, and did fight very 
valiently ; there were 15 Regiments of Foot and 60 
Regiments of Horse. Our Horse were under 40 Regiments, 
and our Foot 11 Regiments. My Lord Generall did give 
the first?charge, presented them with two pieces of Ordnance, 
which killed many of their men; and then the enemy did 
shoot one to us, which fell twenty yards short, in plowed land, 
and did no harme; our Souldiers did many of them run 
away, to wit, blew Coats and grey Coats, being two 
Regiments, and there did runne away 600 horse. I was 
quartered five miles from that place, and heard not any 
thing of it untill one of the clocke in the afternoone. I 
hasted thither with Serjeant-Major Duglis’s troope ard 
overtooke one other troope, and when I was entering into 
the field I think 200 horse came by me with all the 
speed they could, out from the Battell, saying that 
the King had the Victory, and that every man cried for 
God and King Charles. I entreated, prayed, and per- 
suaded them to draw up in a body with our troopes, 
for we saw them fighting, and the field was not lost, but 
no persuasions would serve, and then I turning to our 
three troopes, two of them were runne away, and of my 
troope I had not six and thirtie men left, but they were 
likewise runne away. I stayed with those men I had, 


13 


being in a little field, and there was a way through, and 
divers of the enemy did runne that way, both horse and 
foote. I tooke away about tenne or twelve horse, swords, 
and armour. I could have killed 40 of the enemy, I let 
them pass, disarming them, and giving the spoil to my 
Troopers. The armies were both in a confusion, and I 
could not fall to them without an apparent losse of myself 
and those few which were with me. The powder which 
the enemy had was blowne up in the field, the enemy ran 
away as well as our men. God did give the victory to us, 
there are but three men of note slain of ours, namely my 
Lord Saint John, Colonell Essex, and one other Captaine, 
whose name I have forgot; Captain Fleming is either 
slaine or taken prisoner, and his Cornet, he had not one 
officer which was a souldier, his waggon and money is lost, 
and divers of the Captaine’s money are lost to great value, 
our Foote and Dragoneers were the greatest pillagers; wee 
had the King’s Standard one houre and a halfe, and after 
lost it againe; wee did lose not above three hundred men, 
the enemy killed the waggoners, women, and little boyes 
of twelve years of age, wee took seventeene colours and 
five pieces of Ordnance. I believe there were not less 
than three thousand of the enemy slaine, for they lay in 
their own ground twenty and thirty of heapes together, 
the King did lose Lords, and a very great many of 
gentlemen, but the certain number of the slaine cannot 
be knowne. Wee did take my Lord of Lindsey, General 
of the foote being shot in the thigh, who dyed the 
Tuesday morning following, and his body is sent away to 
be buryed, the Lord Willoughby his son was taken, 
Lunsford, Vavasour, and others, being prisoners in 
Warwick Castle; on Munday, there did run from the 


14 


King’s army 3,000 foote in 40, 50, and 60, in companies ; 
wee kept the field all Sunday night, and all Munday, and 
then marched to our quarters, and on Munday the enemy 
would have given us another charge, but they could not 
get the foote to fight, notwithstanding they did beat them 
like dogs, this last Relation of the enemy I received from 
one who was a prisoner and got away. 


“Banbury is taken by the King, there was 1000 Foote in 
it, the Captaines did run away, and the souldiers did 
deliver the Towne up without discharged one musket. It 
was God’s wenderfull work that we had the victory. We 
expect to march after the King. The day after the 
Battell, all our forces, horse and foote, were marched up, 
and other forces from remote parts to the number of 5,0C0 
horse and foote, more than were at the Battell. Now at 
my writing, my Lord Generall is at Warwick, upon our 
next marching we doe expect another Battell. Wee here 
think that the King cannot strengthen himself, for the 
souldiers do still run daily from him, and I believe if we 
come to fight, a great part of them will never come up to 
charge. The King’s Guard were Gentlemen of good 
quality, and I have heard it that there were not above 40 
of them which returned out of the field. This is all I shall 
trouble you with, what is more, you will receive it from a 
better hand than mine. Let us pray one for another, God 
I hope will open the King’s eyes and send peace to our 
Kingdome. I pray remember my love to all my friends, 
if I could write to them all I would, but for such newes I 
write to you impart it to them; my Lieutenant and I 
drink to you all daily, and my runawayes I stop their pay, 
some of them for two dayes, some three dayes, and some 
four dayes, which days they were gone from mee, and give 


15 


their pay to the rest of the souldiers, two of my souldiers 
are runne away with their horse and arms. I rest, and 
commit you to God. Your loving Cousin. 

Edward Kightley.” 


" Ihave, amongst the few tracts that I possess relating to 
the Civil Wars in Warwickshire, one entitled, ‘‘ A true and 
exact Relation of a Battell fought upon Monday last, be- 
tweene His Majesties forces and the Earle of Essex, with 
the overthrow given to the Cavaliers.” 

“ Also a notable politick device of the Earle of Essex, 
who in private left his armie to view the armie of Prince 
Rupert and to see their works. London: Printed for John 
Hanson, Novemb. 4, 1642.” 

This is a complete catchpenny production. It contains 
no information whatever, and the “ politick device” of the 
Earl of Essex was purely imaginary. 


In “A Letter sent from a worthy Divine to the Right 
Honourable the Lord Mayor of the City of London. Being 
a true Relation of the Battell fought between his Majesties 
forces and his Excellencie the Earle of Essex,” from War- 
wick Castle, the 24 of October, 1642, at two o’clock in the 
morning. 

“Sir.—Yesterday being the Lords day, his Excellency 
intending to march from Keinton, a little villiage in 
Warwickshire, towards Banbury to relieve it, unexpectedly 
an alarm came about eight o’clock in the morning, that 
the Enemy was advancing within two or three miles 
which accordingly proved so, and it pleased God to make 
myselfe the first Instrument of giving a certaine discovery 
of it, by the helpe of a prospective Glasse from the top of 
an hill; when the two armies were drawn into a Battalia, 
about two of the clock in the afternoone a very sore and 


16 


fierce battell began, which continued about foure houres 
in mine owne sight and hearing, much bloud was shed and 
a gallant spirit expressed by our Infantry even to such a 
degree of valiantness, as may crowne every common 
Souldier with the honour of a Commander. But the left 
wing of our Horse being charged by the Kings right wing, 
was suddenly put to flight, so that the right wing in which 
your Son was placed did the best service for the Chevalry 
or Cavalry ; where your Son is (or any of the rest of my 
Lords Guard) I know not, I hope they are safe, because 
upon diligent inquiry I yet hear no hurt of any of them. 
However if you have consecrated a sonne to so noble a 
Service, I doubt not but you will endeavour to bear it 
cheerfully, if you should hear that he is either slaine or 
wounded. Wee have lost none of our Commanders (as we 
can yet understand) except Colonell Charles Essex, and 
Sir James Ramsey who is either killed or taken: we have 
taken Prisoners from the King’s side, the Lord of Linsey 
Generall of the Field, with his son Colonell Vavasor, who 
was Commander of the Kings Guard and Standard, which 
likewise we have taken: As also Colonell Lunsford, who are 
now both at Warwicke Castle, we did beat the enemy out of 
the Field, and gained foure peeces of Ordnance. This morn- 
ning it is expected that three or foure fresh Regiments on 
our side, as namely Colonel Hampdens, Colonel Granthams; 
Colonel Barckhams, and the Lord Rochfords Regiments to 
joyne with the rest. The residue of our army to fall on 
the remainder of the Kings Forces, hoping for as glourious 
success as before; Colonell Vavasor assures us that the 
King himselfe for some time was in the Army, we heare 
no certainty yet concerning Prince Rupert, some say he is 
slaine. A few of our waggons were burned and plundered 


OO 


17 


by the Enemy, who wheeled about into our Reere, but 
our musqueteers played bravely upon them in the meane- 
time, and recovered our waggons againe, and sixe peeces 
of Ordnance which we had lost; our Enemy had the winde 
more with them, but we had more of the hill, we had but 
twelve Regiments in the Field, about fifty Troops of 
Horse, (I think,\ at the most, and some two Regiments of 
Dragoneers. His Excellencie maintained the fight most 
gallantly. And our noble Lords as the Lord Wharton, 
Willowby of Parham, Brooke, Roberts, &c. did as bravely, 
All this hath God enabled our Army to performe, though 
from wednesday till this moment of my writing, the 
Common Souldiers have not come into a bed, but have 
lodged in the open field in the wet and cold nights, and 
most of them scarce eat or drank any thing for 24 houres 
together, nay, I may say for 48, except fresh water when 
they could get it. Mr. Ash was marvellously preserved 
from the cruelty of foure Cavaliers which set upon him, 
one of them cut off his hat and raised his haire with his 
sword, but never touched his skin. God hath brought 
most of our ministers this night to Warwicke, Mr. Ash 
amongst the rest; and Mr. Marshall whose danger was no 
lesse. For my owne part after I had discharged my duty 
as farre as I was enabled, by passing from Regiment to 
Regiment, and Troop to Troop to encourage them, at the 
latter end of the fight, not knowing what the issue of 
things might be, in the darksome evening while it was yet 
light I rid to Warwicke among hundreds of drawne 
swords, and yet was saved from the least touche of a 
blood-thirsty hand. The Cavaliers some of them pursuing 
our Horsemen, which as I said before, forsooke their 
ground in the left wing of the army and fled to Warwicke. 

If you shall think it convenient to Print this 


18 


Relation, perhaps it may be usefull, if done speedily, you 
need not doubt of the truth of any part of it.” 

It does not appear by whom the above Relation was writ- 
ten except by a minister in the Parliamentarian Army. 
Subjoined are the following observations,— 

‘“‘ And besides the victory here at Keinton Field by Edge- 
hill on the Parliament side, done by his Excellencie, there 
were slaine of eminent men on the King’s side, the Earl of 
Lindsey who was wounded and taken prisoner, and brought 
40 Warwicke Castle, but soon dyed of his wounds: The 
Lord D’Aubigney (commonly called Dawbeny) brother to 
the Duke of Richmond and Lenox; Sir Edward Varney 
Knight, Marshall to his Majesty, and a little before at 
Nottingham made his Standard Bearer; of which three 
persons the letter doth not make mention: However, after 
their victory at Keinton Field, his Excellencie, as a Victor 
retreated and retired himself with his considerable army into 
Warwicke, and there he had the strongly scituated Towne 
and Castle for his better safety, during his abode there; 
where he was with the acclamations of all good people there 
triumphantly received and entertained.” 

Of all the great engagements during the Civil Wars, not 
excepting the decisive fight at Naseby, the battle of Edge- 
hill, or of Keinton, as it was indifferently called, seems to 
have excited the greatest interest. More accounts of it 
appear to have been published than of any other warlike 
occurrence. Both armies claimed the victory, but, as the 
result proved, the advantage was on the side of the King: for 
while the Earl of Essex withdrew his forces to Warwick, 
the King pursued his own route, and the following day or a 
few days after, the town and castle at Banbury, with a 
garrison variously computed at from 600 to 1,000 strong, 
surrendered to him without a show of opposition. 


19 


With respect to the number slain in this engagement, not 
a very sanguinary one, it has been variously estimated at 
from 5,000 to 500. It is probable that the latter number 
more nearly approaches the mark. The battle commenced 
at two o’clock in the afternoon on the 23rd of October, old 
style, answering to our 8rd of November. At five in the 
evening darkness would set in; both armies were then in 
confusion. Many, on both sides, both horse and foot, ran 
away, thus verifying the old distich:— 


‘He who in battle runs away, 
May live to fight another day; 
But he who is in battle slain, 
Will never live to fight again.” 


The artillery, or ordance, were pieces of small calibre, and 
mounted on carriages of two wheels only. One of these 
is still preserved at Broughton Castle, Oxfordshire. The 
infantry consisted of musketeers, armed with matchlocks, 
supported on rests, shrouded within a square of pikemen. 
One, if not more, of these rests are in the valuable collection 
of the Earl of Warwick, at Warwick Castle. 

Some of the cavalry wore cuirasses, consisting of a breast- 
plate and back and a head-piece; others wore buff coats, their 
offensive weapons being swords and pistols. Birmingham, 
even at that period, was famous for its manufactories of 
swords. 

In a scarce work, entitled ‘“‘True Information of the 
Beginning and Cause of our Troubles, &c.,” printed at Lon- 
don in the year 1648, there appears an engraving represent- 
ing the battle of Edgehill, the earliest pictorial representation 
of that battle. In this representation the cannon appear 
mounted on carriages with two wheels only. The following 
statement appears at the head of this pictorial device :—“At 
Edgehill 16 peeces of cannon shot against 80 of E: of Essex 
Liffeguard, and not one man hurte, & those 80 brake in upon 


20 


1600 of the Kings, 4 of ye Parlia: Reg: ran away and 16 
troops of Horse. So wee wayre 6000 and they 18000, yet 
we took ye standerd and cleffe Sr Ed Varney standard bear- 
er in the head & slew the Lord Lindsey Generall of the 
field.” In another engraving in this work soldiers are 
represented with firelocks on forked rests. 

Confining myself to the county of Warwick, I will give 
a few of the principal names of those who espoused the 
one side or the other. On the side of the Parliament the 
principal leaders in this county were the Lord Brook, the 
Lord Fielding (afterwards the second Earl of Denbigh,) 
Sir Edward Peto, of Chesterton, Colonel William Purefoy, 
of Caldecott Hall, Mr. Abbot, of Caldecott, and many of 
the Presbyterian ministers, who by their preaching exer- 
cised great sway, especially amongst the inhabitants of the 
several towns. 

Amongst those who espoused the cause of the king were 
the Lord Northampton, the first Earl of Denbigh, the Earl 
of Chichester, Lord Craven, Sir Charles Adderley, Sir Simon 
Clark, Sir Clement Fisher, Sir Henry Gibbs, Sir Thomas 
Holt, Sir Thomas Leigh, Sir John Repington, Sir Richard 
Shuckburgh, Sir Hercules Underhill, and many of the 
country gentlemen who had subsequently to compound for 
their estates, and of whom I have a list. 


The king’s forces were mostly recruited from the 
tenantry of the lords and gentry who espoused his cause. 
Those of the Parliament from the inhabitants of towns. 
Coventry, Warwick, Birmingham, Stratford, Alcester, 
Henley, Coleshill, and Rugby. The country was mostly 
uninclosed. Spread over it were ancient British fortresses 
or fortified oppida, Roman camps, one medieval walled 
city, Coventry; three castles, Warwick, Kenilworth, and 


21 


Tamworth. Manor houses embattled and crenellated by 
virtue of licenses from the Crown, which licenses ‘extended 
“ from the middle of the thirteenth century A.D. 1256 to 
A.D. 1483. Amongst these was the Manor house of Astley, 
often but erroneously called Astley Castle, the license 
granted to fortify which bears date the 50th of Henry III., 
~ A.D., 1266. This was garrisoned during the civil war. 
Maxtoke, fortified by a license to crenelate, granted the 
19th Edward III., also garrisoned during the civil wars, 
and erroneously called a castle. Other mansion houses, for 
which licenses to fortify had been granted and were now 
destroyed or dilapidated, were those at Beaudesert, Fillong- 
ley, Caledon, and Langley, the latter in the parish of 
Sutton Coldfield. There had been also other ancient 
castles at Fillongley, Newbold-on-Avon, Brandon, and 
Fulbroke, the sites of which may be clearly discerned, 
although the buildings have long since been demolished, 
and had been at this period. Then there were numerous 
manor houses, amongst the principal of which I may 
enumerate Compton Wyniate, the residence of the Earl of 
Northampton, which was garrisoned, and underwent more 
than one attack during the civil wars. Aston Hall, near 
Birmingham, which was likewise garrisoned and attacked; 
Coughton House, near Alcester, the same; Milcote House 
and Wormleighton, both burnt down; Shuckburgh Hall, 
garrisoned and attacked, and of those of which I find no 
record of transactions I may enumerate that very curious 
fifteenth century house at Stoneythorpe, near Southam, 
the residence of Mr. Chamberlain, one of our county 
magistrates, the history of which mansion is a desideratum. 
It must, I think, have been occupied during the civil wars, 
though perhaps only temporarily; New Hall, near Sutton 
Coldfield; Charlecote House, Baddesley Clinton, Pooley 


22 


Hall, King’s Newnham, the residence of the Earl of 
Chichester; and Causton Hall, the residence of Mr. 
Boughton. Lastly, there were numerous moated areas, 
varying in extent from half an acre to two acres, some- 
times surrounding a mansion, but of which moated areas 
in general we have no historic account. They are, how- 
ever, so different from the ancient British and Roman 
earthworks that I cannot but assign the period of their 
formation for defensive purposes only against sudden 
aggression, and plunder, to the intestine wars, troubles, and 
commotions in the reigns of Stephen, of John, and of 
Henry II. 

I may have digressed too much in my account of the 
state of parties and of the country, as far as this county is 
concerned. When Kenilworth Castle, the Kings house at 
Kenilworth, as it was called, was abandoned early in the 
wars by the King, on account of the insufficiency of the 
garrison, it was occupied by the Parliamentarian troops, 
and I find no further account of any transactions before it. 
What had been in the 13th century a stronghold kept so 
firmly by the adherents of Simon de Montfort, the great 
Earl of Leicester, who bafiled all attempts of the Crown to 
take it by storm—for at last the garrison reduced by famine 
surrendered on terms—was now as a palatial residence 
indefensible, and rendered this the more, though in what 
year I know not, by the demolishion of one of the walls, of 
immense thickness, of that part of the Castle called Cxsar’s 
tower, which was in fact the whole of the original castle 
built by Henry de Clinton, in the reign of Henry II. It 
was at this period, I imagine, that the curious suit of Horse 
armour now exhibited at the Porters lodge at the entrance 
to Warwick Castle, a suit of the 15th century, was removed 


23 


to Warwick Castle. It was shown at Kenilworth Castle in 
the early part of the 17th century, as the horse armour of 
the legendary Guy of Warwick:— 

“The Lord Brook having seised the Kings ammunition 
at Northampton, marched from thence to Warwick, and so 
to Stratford-upon-Avon, where he beat out of the town the 
forces of Colonel Crocker and Wagstaff, and coming to 
Lichfield, the Earl of Chesterfield and his forces left the 
town and betook themselves to the close. But in the fight, 
one of his men shooting at the window of the Lord Brook’s 
chamber, where his lordship was, the bullet pierced his eye, 
and my Lord instantly died.” Such is the brief account 
given by Whitelock in his memorials of English affairs 
during the reign of Charles the I. This transaction—full 
particulars I do not give, inasmuch as it took not place in 
this county—happened on St. Chad’s day, March 2nd, 1843. 
In the late calamitous fire at Warwick Castle, the Buff 
doublet, worn by Lord Brook when he was slain, was, most 
unfortunately, destroyed. 

About the middle of the same month, March, Lord 
Brook’s great rival in this county, the Earl of Northampton, 
was slain at Hopton Heath, in the county of Stafford. 

In April, 1643, Prince Rupert entered Birmingham by 
force. In the envounter which then took place, William 
the first Earl of Denbigh, who fought on the side of the 
King, was mortally wounded, and died on the following 
Saturday. The heat of the contest was at a place called 
Camp hill, and particulars relative to it are preserved in 
three scarce tracts, which were reprinted at Birmingham 
in 1815. 

A short account of this engagement is given in the 
“‘ Mercurius Belgicus,” a Royalist publication, as follows :— 

*“ Anno Domini 1643, April the third, Prince Rupert 


24 


entered and possessed that seditious town of Birmingham, 
wherein was 300 foot and two troops of horse, who being 
gallantly charged by the Welshmen, in less than half an 
hour forsook their breast works and returned to their 
barricadoes within the town, where they found such 
slender defence that they took to their heels, and that so 
fast that though they were pursued as soon as the Prince 
had possessed the town, yet few of their horse were over- 
taken, only about 80 of the rebels were killed, and as many 
prisoners taken, together with about 150 muskets, and 
between 400 and 500 swords, and three Colours. In this 
service the noble Earl of Denbigh received a wound, 
whereof he afterwards died.” 


A very one-sided account of this conflict appears in a 
searce tract entitled, “A true Relation of Prince Ruperts 
barbarous Cruelty against the Towne of Brumingham; to 
which place on Monday Apr. 3. 1643, he marcht with 2000 
horse and foot 4 Drakes and 2 Sakers; where after two 
houres fight (being twice beaten off by the Townsmen in all 
but 140 musketeers) he entered, put divers to the sword, 
and burnt about 80 houses to ashes, suffering no man to 
carry away his goods, or quench the fire, and making no 
difference between friend or foe; yet by Gods providence 
the greatest losse fell on the malignants of the Town. And 
of the Cavaliers were slaine divers chiefe Commanders, and 
men of great quality amongst whom was the Earl of Denbigh, 
the Lord John Stuart: and as themselves report the Lord 
Digby.—London Printed for John Wright in the Old-baily 
April 12. 1642. 

“Sir, Though I can write you but the same lamentation 
which I’believe you have already heard; yet I cannot be 
silent to acquaint you of the truth as neere as I can: If 


- 


25 


Coventrey had sent us what helpe it might, I believe the 
Enemy dost not have assaulted us, but in regard they had 
been in danger of cutting off by the way, in case they had 
been sent I must excuse them, though it be to our owne 
suffering; We with the Captaines were sensible that if the 
Cavaliers came we were not likely to withstand them, they 
being neere 1500, and we not above 150 musketiers, with a 
Troope of Horse of Captaine Greaves, which did no good, 
but in their flight as hereafter you will heare; but in re- 
gard the generall desire of the Towne, especially of those 
that bore Armes, would have them stand it out, and not 
march away with their armes, as we might in time, and 
that both they, and the malignants would have reviled, and 
curst the Captaines and Majestrates of the Towne if they 
had left them, made the Captaines and better sort content 
to stay and trie the issue, rather than be so perpetually 
reproacht: And though the same fall hard on our side in 
loosing the Towne and some Armes, and about 80 houses 
burnt to ashes, with all that therein was, and some 
fifteene men and two women lost their lives yet their 
game was nothing at all, yea they count it great losse, and 
curse the time that ever they medled with us, for I believe 
they lost as many ordinary men as we, besides three men 
of great quality, which they much lament, whereof two of 
them were Lords, as we have great cause to think, the one 
the Earl of Denby, thats sure, the other Lord we some- 
thing doubt of his name, but we heare by divers of the 
Cavaliers it is Digby, sure we are he is wounded; and it 
is sure that some of their Collonels say it was a man of 
great ranke, and more considerable than Denby; the 
other a chiefe Commander: Denby pursued Captaine 
Greaves Troupe some two miles out of Towne, being at 


26 


their heeles, before our Troope departed, among whom I 
went away, and Captaine Greaves observing his time 
betwixt the woods, faced about, and charged the pursuers 
most valiantly, at they themselves confesse, and drove 
them back againe: in which charge Denby was slaine 
immediately, and the rest fled, and so we escaped with 
safety, only Captain Greaves received one shot in the 
face, and a cut in the arm, but not mortall; in the pursuit 
of the Troope God made away for all our souldiers saving 
some two or three, to escape most with their armes, 
which they threw and hid away in pits and ditches as 
they could, whereof the most, I think, the Cavaleers 
found not, and not one Captaine or Officer was hurt or 
taken prisoner, nor any considerable man, but most poore 
fellows and malignants because they could meet with no 
better, and all are released saving two of the best, though 
of no great quality. Some redeemed themselves for 2d. 
12d and 18d apiece and some one or two for 20s. Prince 
Rupert being enragd that he should take never a prisoner 
of so great a company, and of those not to raise £20, 
when he himself had undergon so great a losse; and of 
those that were slaine of our side were most poore malig- 
nants, some three young men of ordinary quality that 
bare armes, and John Carter, and that in their flight ; for 
but one was slaine and one lightly shot in the ftesh; in 
the entrance for pillage they spared none, friend or foe, 
they lighted of, yet for the most part those that did most 
against them escaped best; the same I may say of the 
fire, though they intended to burn the Towne utterly, as 
may be known by their laying lighted match with powder, 
and other combustible matter, at the other end, which 
fired in divers places, and divers was found out and pre- 
vented, so that we may truly say that the flames, sword, 


27 


pilledgers, but especially the prison, made a difference 
betwixt those that feared God, and those that feare him 
not. But this is remarkeable in their vileness that all these 
houses saving two were fired in their cold blood, at their 
departure, wherein they endeavoured to fire all, and in 
the flames they would not suffer the people to carry out 
their goods, or to quench it, triumphantly with reproaches 
rejoyced that the wind stood right to consume the Towne, 
at which presently the Lord caused the wind to turn 
which was a token of his notice of their insultation. For 
pillage, I heare of but little I lost, having obscured the 
things I had of any value; and for fire, God did mar- 
vellously prevent, both to me and many others, whereat 
the malignants are so enraged that they have since pulled 
down my mill, and pretend that Prince Rupert so com- 
manded, and threaten to pull down my house and divers 
others, which I think they dare not, lest they build it up 
againe, the county having sent them admonition of their 
insolvency. . 
“Your loving Friend, R. P. 

“Coventry, April 8, 1643.” 

Another letter, published with the former, states as 
follows :— 

““Sir,—Being by my promise ingaged unto you, I am 
now to make relation of a most barbarous massacre of our 
townsmen of Bermingham, and of the inraged cruelty of 
Prince Rupert and his inhumane cavaliers: Sir, thus it 
was, about three of the clock one munday in the after- 
noone, he had with neere two thousand horse and foote, 
four “Drakes, and two Sakers, set against the Towne, 
playing with his ordnance and endeavouring to force 
his way, with foot and horse; were twice beaten 


28 


off with our musqueteers, at the entrance of Derrington, 
at which many of their men fell. the townesmen held 
them in play above an houre we had not above one hun- 
dred and fortie musquets, and having many entrances into 
the towne, they were many too few. Coventry men had 
withdrawne their forces three daies before, all but Captaine 
Castledownes Dragoneers, a troope of horse of Master 
Perkes, commanded by Captaine Greaves, being in the towne, 
not fit for that service, made escape when the adversaries 
began to incompasse the towne and force the waies over the 
meadows, and fired the towne in two places, and so by in- 
compassing them that did defend the outworke caused them 
to draw inward to other workes, there in Digboth, which 
work they defended to the adversaries losse; but being the 
enemy brake in at the Millone they were forced to leave that 
worke also, and so put to shift for themselves with break- | 
ing through houses, over garden waies, escaped, over 
hedges and boggy meadows, and hiding their armes, saved 
most of them. The enemy killed none as I here in fight, 
unlesse some three or foure, Mr. Carter and Samuel 
Elsmore being of them, some with their armes defended 
themselves stoutly till death, they pursued the rest in field 
and lanes, cutting and most barbarously mangling naked 
men to the number of fifteene men, one women, another 
being shot, and many hurt; many men sore wounded, 
and Mr Tillman, the surgeon standing in his dore to enter- 
taine them, was most cruelly shot, having his leg and 
thigh bones broken. They pillaged the towne generally, 
there own friends sped worst, and one Tuesday morning 
set fire to divers places in the towne, and have burt neare 
a hundred dwellings, the Welch-end, Dale-end, and Moore- 
street End, Humphrey Rans, the Bell, and divers other 


29 


houses thereabout. Many other fires they kindled, but they 
did not burne. They left kindled matches with gunpowder 
also in other places, intending nothing less than utterly to 
destroy the towne, but by God’s providence they whose hurt 
they chiefly intended, by God’s hand is much prevented. 

: . Your father’s house stands, but hath 
- oem Mr Roberts’, Mr Porter’s, and mine be safe, 
but are threatened to be pulled downe, and they pretend 
Prince Rupert’s warrant, but, however, its their envy that 
God’s overruling providence hath turned the mischief so 
much on the heads of those that might with their timely 
helpe have prevented this mischief. I am much grieved at 
the losse of your brother and many other friends, three 
being my honest worke men, whose lives I would I had 
redeemed with mine estate. The cavaliers have lost thirty 
men at least, of whom there be three or foure chief men, 
earles and lords, I believe you have heard them named the 
Earle of Denby, the Lord John Stewart, some say the Lord 
Digby. Thirty are said to be buried, and many carried 
away wounded. This did so much enrage them that they 
appeared more like devills then men, lamenting more their 
losse, than boasting of their gaine, which was much in 
goods and in money, its thought above two thousand pound, 
thirteene hundred being taken from Mr. Peake. Mr. 
Jennens lost much, the which men if they had parted with 
little before our fortification had been such as they could 
not have entred, which went on well for some time. So 
wishing you to have comfort in our God, who is able to 
turn the rage of men to His praise, and sweeten this bitter 
cup by some other comfort, I conclude and rest, yours to 
command, 


R.G. 


30 


I could wish I might heare how the city stands affected 
with our losse, for a little reliefe from them might much 
comfort many poore people which have lost all, and are left 
well nie naked and harbourlesse; it would much encourage 
all to stand out in the cause, that are but indifferent, a helpe 
to ease the better party of the burthen of the which will be 
otherwise too great for us. I would move some friends if 
you think fit I have allready put on the worke of contri- 
bution in this city.” 

It does not appear to whom either of the foregoing letters 
were written. They contain the accounts of the defeated 
party in this contest, in which the Royal party are called 
malignants, but ‘‘ Audi alteram partem,” and this appears 
in,— 

“A Letter written from Walshall, by a worthy Gentle- 
man, to his Friend in Oxford, concerning Burmingham.’ : 
Printed in the yeare MDCXLIII.” 


“‘ Sir,—Hearing of the approach of Prince Rupert, his 
Highnesse, and comming according to my duty to attend 
him, In my way I heard of the miserable destruction of 
Burmingham by fire, which I must confesse tooke the 
deepest apprehension with me of any one accident since the 
beginning of these unhappy distractions, as presenting to 
my view a Picture of the present estate of Germany, and 
as by a Prospective shewing me (not very farre off,) the 
Scene translated from thence hither. This sad thought 
drew me to a narrow enquiry of the causes of the burning 
of the Towne, and whether it was done by authority or no. 
And I found that the Inhabitants of the towne were they 
who first stirred up those of Coventry to resist the King, 
and that about 300 from thence went into Coventry to 
defend it against the King’s forces; that from thence they 


31 


sent 15,000 swords for the Earle of Essex, his forces, and 
the ayd of that party, and not only refused to supply the 
King’s Forces with swords for their money, but imprisoned 
divers who bought swords, upon suspicion that they intended 
to supply the King’s forces with them. That afterwards, 
when His Majesty marched that way with his Army, out of 
His Princely goodness, and in hope that his Grace and 
favour would prevayle with them to turne good subjects, he 
gave express orders that they should not be plundered, and 
because some were plundered, (though but a few, and very 
little taken from them,) there was exemplary Justice done 
by the hanging of two Officers, and they had a special pro- 
tection granted to them. Yet so little use did they make of 
the King’s clemency, that the King’s Army was no sooner 
removed from thence, but they stayed all the Carriages 
which did not move the same day with the King’s Army, 
amongst which was some of the King’s Plate, and divers 
goods of great value, and therein they were so hearty and 
zealous that at their owne charges they carried them to 
Warwick Castle, before the King was out of that shire. 


' And they have still continued upon all occasions violently 
to oppose the King, and to ayd those who have taken up 
armes against him. Insomuch that they made fortification 
about the Town, and sent out parties to plunder the King’s 
friends. And when his Highnesse, upon Monday last, sent 
one to them to take up his quarter at Burmingham, who 
assured them that if they would quietly receive his High- 
nesse and his forces, they should suffer no injury; but 
otherwise, they must expect to be forced to it; they refused 
to give him Entrance, and prepared themselves with all 
their strength to resist him; and when his forces drew neare 
they set up their Colours, and sallyed out of their workes, 


32 


and gave fire upon them, and with opprobrious speeches 
reviled them, calling them Cursed doggs, devilish Cavaliers, 
Popish Traytors, and this was done not by a few of them 
but by almost all of them with great shouts and clamours. 
This could not but incense the souldiers, and the Prince to 
make his passage into the Towne was forced to give order 
for firing a house or two; but they retiring and flying, upon 
his entrance into the Towne he immediately gave order for 
quenching of the Fire, which was done accordingly, and no 
more hurt was done on Munday. But yesterday his 
Highnesse being to march from thence, and fearing what 
those great Provocations might worke with the souldiers, he 
gave express Command that no souldier should attempt to 
fire the Towne. And after his departure thence some 
souldiers (as yet unknown) having fired the Towne in 
diverse places, he immediately sent to the inhabitants of the 
Town to let them know it was not done by his command, 
and therefore wished them to quench it, but the wind being 
high and the fire encreased, it could not be so soon 
extinguished as was to be desired. 

“‘ One thing more [ heard of at this taking of Burming- 
ham, which made some impression with me which was the 
death of a minister killed presently after the entry of the 
souldiers into the Towne. But it is alleadged that he told 
the soldier who killed him, that the King was a pergured 
and Papisticall King, and that he had rather dye than live 
under such a King and that he did and would fight 
against him. , , 

** Walshall, Apr. 5. 1643. 4 


Hutton, the well-known historian of Birmingham, tells 
us that the Parliament Forces had formed their Camp in 
that well chosen angle which divides the Stratford and 


33 


Warwick Roads, upon Camp Hill. It is laid down in the 
Map of Birmingham, of 1863, and was on the site of, or 
near, where Trinity Church, Bordesley, now stands. The 
number of inhabitants in Birmingham at this period, were 
about 5000. Hutton computes the population at the 
Restoration, in 1660, to amount to 5,472. In 1700, the 
population was 15,000; and in 1730, between 23,000 and 
24,000. It would appear that in 1643, there was a con- 
siderable manufactory of Swords at Birmingham, with 
which the Parliamentarian Forces were supplied. 

The King’s forces, in this engagement, sustained a great 
loss in William, first Earl of Denbigh, who fell mortally 
wounded, and died a few days afterwards, as a warm 
adherent of the Royal cause his loss was felt the more, 
inasmuch as his Title, and possesions in this county 
descended to his son, Basil Fielding, second Earl of 
Denbigh, who, espousing the cause of the Parliament, 
held a high military command in the Midland Counties 
of which he was subsequently dispossessed, by “the self- 
denying Ordinance.” He afterwards seems to have dis- 
trusted the so called “ Commonwealth of England,” as a 
more absolute Government than a Monarchy, and gave in 
his adhesion to the Restoration. He died in 1675. 

In June, 1643, Tamworth Castle, which had been garri- 
soned for the King, surrendered to the forces of the 
Parliament. Some 45 years ago, the late Sir Samuel Rush 
Meyrick, of Goodrich Court, Herefordshire, shewed me, at 
his then residence, in Sloane Square, a Buff Doublet, which, 
he informed me, had come from Tamworth Castle. He also 
stated that such coats were very scarce. This Doublet may 
be seen in the Meyrick Collection of Armour at the South 
Kensington Museum. I have, in my own small collection, 


34 


two Buff Doublets, which, I have reason to believe, came 
out of Tamworth Castle, and a third found on the field of 
Naseby. 

On Monday, the 10th of July, 1643, the Queen Henrietta 
Maria, went from Walsall to Kings Norton; from there, on 
Tuesday, the 11th, to Stratford-upon-Avon, where Prince 
Rupert met her, New Place, where 27 years before, 
Shakespeare died, having been assigned as her residence. 
On Thursday, the 13th, she went from Stratford to Wroxton, 
meeting the King at the foot of Edge hill, in Kineton Field, 
about four o’clock in the afternoon. On Friday, the 14th, 
she went to Oxford. On the Meeting at the foot of Edge 
hill, two copies of verses were written, preserved in manu- 
script amongst the private papers of Sir William Dugdale, 
and printed at Birmingham, with an introduction by the 
late Mr. Hamper, a distinguished Warwickshire Antiquary. 
On the occasion, a silver medal was struck, now in the 
Staunton Collection at Longbridge; long considered to be 
unique. The obverse represents the King and Queen, seated 
in chairs, trampling down the hydra of rebellion. Round 
the verge IVNCTI CERTIVS PYTHONEM. On the reverse, 

XIII. IVL. 
CAROL. ET. H. 
M. B. F. ET. H. 
eT 
IN. VALLI. KEINTON. 
AVSPICAT OCCVRRENI 
ET. 

FVGATO IN OCCIDENT. 
REBELLIVM. 
VICT. ET. PAR OMEN 
OXON 
MDCXLIII. 


30 


In November, 1643, Coughton House, near Alcester, was 
entered by some of the Parliamentarian forces from 
Warwick. In the January following, they quitted it, on 
hearing the King’s forces were approaching, having set fire 
to it in three places. 

On the 18th of December, 1643, Aston Hall, near 
Birmingham, the seat of Sir Thomas Holt, was at his 
request, garrisoned by Colonel Leveson with 40 Musketeers. 
On the 26th of that month, it was assaulted by 1,200 of the 
Parliamentarian troops, who took it on the 28th, having 
killed 12 of the garrison and taken the rest prisoners, with 
the loss however of 60 of their own men. 

On the 3rd of March, 1644, a party of troops from 
Warwick, beat up a party of the King’s forces at Adderbury, 
in Oxfordshire, and took 14 prisoners; but on being pursued 
by Sir William Compton, from Banbury, with about 100 
horse, he overtook the Parliamentarian troops, some of whom 
fled into Chadshunt Church, near Kineton, where twelve 
were slain and two taken prisoners. 

On the 7th of June, 1644, the Parliamentary forces, 
consisting of 400 foot and 300 horse, faced Compton House, 
drove the park, and killed all the deer, and defaced all the 
monuments in the church; oa the 9th of June, Compton 
House was taken. 

Another account states “that Major Bridges, with his 
forces from Warwickshire and Coventry, having lain before 
Compton House on Friday and Saturday last, on Sunday 
morning (June 9th) took it, and in it the Earl of Nor- 
thampton’s brother, Captain Clarke, Captain Bradwell, with 
about 12 officers more and 120 commen soldiers, 80 good 
horses, with all their arms and ammunition, and sent them 
to Warwick.” 


36 


Vicars, in ‘“ England’s Parliamentary Chronicle,” states 
“that Colonel Purefoy came to this attack on Compton 
with his own Warwick forces and some strength added trom 
Coventry; and that besides 120 prisoners, he took £5,000 
in money, 60 horses, 400 sheep, near 160 head of cattle, 
and eighteeen loads of other plunder, besides five or six 
earthen pots of money, which were afterwards discovered 
in the fishpond.” 


Compton Wyniate lies on the southern border of the 
county of Warwick, under the Edgehiils, and was the seat 
of the Earl of Northampton. It still exists, a specimen of 
a fine castellated brick mansion, moated round, with a court 
in the centre, erected in the reign of Henry VII. It is 
most curiously placed in a hollow and so completely hidden 
from view, that a force might appear before it suddenly. 
Though not a stronghold, as the castles of Warwickshire, a 
competent garrison was kept in it; but it was in a great 
measure insulated, and commanded no high road, though 
placed between the roads from Banbury to Warwick, and 
from Banbury to Shipston. In the mansion are two chapels; 
one on the ground floor, for the rites of the Church of 
England; and another in the roof, for performance of the 
rites of the Church of Rome, there being many recusants 
in that neighbourhood. Near to the latter chapel was a 
priest’s hole, or hiding place; but the most curious feature 
is that the altar was the window-sill, and of wood, with the 
five crosses cut upon it. This is the only original wooden 
altar, destined for the rites of the Church of Rome, I 
have met with in this country. 

I imagine this mansion surrendered from not being 
sufficiently provisioned, as there is no notice of any contest. 
It would have been a more severe blow to the Royalist party 


37 


if they had not retained the castle of Banbury, which the 
opposing party never succeeded in taking, although 
they often so endeavoured. The church, situate a short 
distance north of the mansion, seems to have incurred 
the vengeance of the Parliamentary leaders, when they 
destroyed the monuments it contained, as the present struc- 
ture appears to have been built soon after the Restoration, 
A.D. 1662. The mutilated sepulchral effigies it contains 
have been well cared for, being arranged on raised slabs. 
They are a monument of the barbarous warfare, worthy of 
the Paris Commune, against the effigies of departed worthies 
here, as elsewhere, carried on by the forces of the 
Parliament. 

A few years ago this mansion was in a state of partial 
dilapidation; it has since been properly restored with judg- 
ment and taste. It still remains a seat of the Compton 
family, of the present Marquis of Northampton. I shall 
have occasion to refer to it again. 

In the possession of the Earl of Denbigh, of Newnham 
Padox, are two volumes of valuable manuscript letters, 
relating to the Civil Wars, mostly addressed to Basil, second 
Earl of Denbigh, when commander of the Parliamentary 
forces for the Midland Associated Counties. I am indebted 
to the late Earl of Denbigh for a leisurely perusal of these 
yolumes, with permission to make extracts. Few of these 
letters, however, relate to incidents which took place in 
Warwickshire. 

One of them contains particulars relating to a contest in 
and near Alcester, of which I have not yet met with any 
other account. It is as follows:— 

“My Lord,—Since your departure from Warwickshire 
maior Freeser myselfe and some of your Lordships Captins 


38 


with the assistance of Mr. Boughton procured somme money 
as was sufficient to pay each of your comon troopers 20s. a 
man which beinge despatched your Lordships souldiers were 
animated to advance accordinge your order for worcester- 
shire on the 24 of this instant [the letter is dated from 
Alcester, 27th July, 1644] we quartered in Aulcester 
where we appointed a stronge watch that night hearinge 
the enemy was nere at hand the next morninge we sent out 
a small party which took 3 scouts and having examined 
them apart we understoode a boddy of the Enemy’s horse 
were advancinge towards us so we presently drue forth all 
our horse our forelorne hope instantly met with theres were 
they had a little encounter with the losse of 1 man on our 
side our boddy cuminge up in the interim putt them to flight 
and myselfe and some others being well horst persued them 
at least 9 miles in which persute we tooke many prissoners 
many forsakeinge there horses crept into hedges this persute 
being ended we returned to our boddy of horse intendinge to 
have martched quietly for Euesham but one the tope of a 
hill not fare distant 4 troopes of horse belonginge to Sr 
Gilbert Garrat were drawn up in order so immediately we 
advanced towards them and putt them to flight and following 
the pursute as formerly we took many men and horse the 
rest escapinge with much difficultie through dangerous 
waters in these pursutes we tooke in all Mr. Doner, Mr. 
Sheldon, Commissary for the provision Mr. Thornberry 3) 
Corprols 2 Trumpiters 60 comon Troopers and a 120 horse 
at the least which belonged to Sr Gilbert Garrat Sr William 
Russell and Colonel Knotsford with the County troope 
allthough there losse had bin great yett there cowardise is 
worse running thrurrow so many of their one contribution 
towads there Commanders were very nimble and I persuade 


39 


myselfe they looked not backe till they came into Worcester 
where they and the residue of there forces are taking breth 
and that infortions are our persute being ended we returned 
to Eusham and quatred there that night and having certain 
intelligence that Colonell Luson is come to Dudly with 5 
troopes and other forces from the north cuminge into these 
parts we thought it not convenient at that tyme to have any 
longer residence in Euesham but advanced to Aulcester were 
at present we are borocatting the townes ends. 


“‘Colonell Foxe haveinge sent us some foote but slenderly 
provided with armes so there I intend to furnish them 
with what I have and will raise more foote to advance our 
intended designe in the interim we intend to advaince what 
money we may to give further satisfaction to your Lord- 
ships souldiers but the difficulties will be much, for unlesse 
your Lordship can procure some armes and money to supply 
the present necessity there is no hopes of our continuance 
in this place by reason many forces will be united against 
us and there was no assistance to be expected from 
Warwick Major Bridges haveinge already denied your 
Lordships order I hope you will be pleased to take into 
serious condition the mutinus condition of these souldiers 
for want of money for if some speedy course be not taken 
both for money and armes to furnish our souldiers with we 
shall not continue in this place and then there is no possi- 
bility to advance a penny neither shall we be able to keepe 
the regiment of horse together, thus much I thought good 
to advise yr Lordship of being the true condition of our 
present affares so for the present we desist subscribeinge 
ourselves yr humble servants 

Thos G Archer 
F Craven 


40 


Aulcester 27th July 

1644 
To the right Honourable 
Basill Earle of Denbigh 

this 
In London 

Indorsed from Colonell Archer 

¢ Major Bleasoe.” 

In the same manuscript collection of the Earl of Denbigh 
appears:— 

A true relacion of the Earle of Denbigh his proceedings 
after he he had received his Comission from both Houses of 
Parliamt. to comand as Generall all the forces raised or to 
be raised in the Countyes of Warwick Worcester Stafford 
and Salop wth. the Cittyes and Countyes ot Coventry and 
Lichfield and parts adjacent in the year 1644, 

This relation is in the handwriting of Henry Firebrace, 
his lordship’s steward, and the following is an extract:— 

“From thence his Lop. marcht to Coventry where havinge 
remained three dayes and being much griefed at the discon- 
tent of his horse for want of hay sent them into the County 
of Worcester to quarter on the Enemy (beinge loth to charge 
the County of Warwick wth. them) and then his Lop. tooke 
his journey towards London to solicite the Parl: for a 
recruite, and for pay for his horse and foote where the more 
weighty affaires of the Kingdome deteyned his Lop. longer 
than he expected. His Lops. Regimt. of horse being marcht 
towards Worcestershire accordinge to his Lops. comaund 
they had inteligence that Capt was beseiged in 
the Church of Alcester on the edge of Worcester hither 
they marcht and releived him.” 

I should imagine this incident preceded the former one I 


have described respecting Alcester. 


4] 


On the 6th of December, 1644, Milcote House,. near 
Stratford-upon-Avon, was burnt by the Parliamentarian 
troops from Warwick Castle, to prevent the king’s forces 
from making it a garrison. 

A few years ago a number of skeletons were discovered 
near Milcote, laid regularly and not promiscuously. I do 
not think these were the remains of soldiers slain during the 
civil wars, but rather of the victims of that dire plague 
which raged in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564, the year 
memorable for the birth of Shakespeare. 

On the night of Wednesday, January 29th, 1644, an 
attempt was made by a party of Royalist troops from Ban- 
bury (stated in one account to be a regiment of horse and 
eight score foot, in another as being 300 horse and foot) to 
recover possession of Compton House. They succeeded in 
obtaining possession of the outer Court, about which the 
stables and outbuildings lay, but were ultimately repulsed. 
A narrative of this transaction appears in a copy of Sergeant 
Major Purefoy’s letter (ye brave Governor of Compton 
House, in Warwickshire), to his Colonel, Col. Purefoy. 

“Sir.—This night, about 2 of ye clock, about a 1000 or 
1200 horse and foot of ye enemies fell upon me at Compton, 
stormed my outworks, gained my stables, & cut down my 
great drawbridge, possessed themselves of all my troop of 
horses & took about 30 of my foot souldiers in their beds 
who lay over ye stables, & all this was dune almost before a 
man could think what to do. We received this fierce alarm, 
as we had good cause & presently made good ye new sconce 
before ye stone bridge, & beat them out of ye great court, 
there being about 200 men entered & ready to storm ye 
sconce. But we gave them so hot a sally, that we forced 
them to retreat back to ye stables, barns, & brewhouse, 


42 


where from ye windows they played very hot upon us. I 
then commanded Lieutenant Purefoy & my Quarter Master, 
having no other officers of quality at home, the rest being 
abroad with about 300 of my best troopers, to sally upon 
ye enemy with a party of some 40 & so attempt the regaining 
of the Brewhouse & ye rooms above, which instantly they 
did with ye most gallant resolution and courage. Sergeant 
Bird was one that came not short in bravery of any. This 
party I saw fought thus with ye enemy & came to push of 
pike, nay, to the swords point & laid about them so bravely 
that they forced ye enemy to fly from chamber to chamber. 
Whereupon I presently sent out my younger brother ye 
Ensign with 3 corporals of horse & about 40 more men to 
relieve ye first party; & I assure you Sir ye boy fought well 
and led on his men most bravely and relieved his Brother, 
by which means all the upper rooms were regained. And 
now ye enemy kept only ye stables & ye barns which they 
held stoutly, but my resolute soldiers did so thunder their 
horse & reserves & foot that stood within pistol shot, that 
Sir William and Sir Charles Compton, who were then 
present, began to give ground, which my souldiers easily 
perceiving, some leapt out at ye windows & so into the 
outworks, by which means I recovered my outworks again, 
& made a sally port by which ye enemy endeavoured to 
retreat at; but finding they were frustrated of their hopes, 
& that my musketeers did play so hot upon ye great draw- 
bridge that they could not be relieved : & withal we having 
beaten ye enemy out of their work, which we stormed when 
you took ye sconce, [had time thereby to fully recover ye great 
drawbridge, and instantly got new ropes and new locks, and 
drew it up again in spite of them all, Now by this means all 
those whose names are herewith enclosed to you, are all 


43 


in Cobs pound, having no means in the world to retreat. 
Whereupon they fought desperately for ye space of 3 hours, 
& ye valiant Comptons percieving their extreme loss, 
attempted three several times ‘to storm and regain my out- 
works but all ye three times were beaten off with as much 
resolution and gallantry of my souldiers as could be expressed 
by men. Ye enemy within set fire to all ye hay, straw, & 
all ye combustible stuff to smother my men out of ye upper 
rooms, which did indeed much annoy them; and ye enemy 
without threw at least an hundred hand grenades on ye 
houses, so as they set them on fire in 3 several places; 
whereupon Sir Charles & Sir William, thinking all their 
owa, sent a trumpetter to parly, but I commanded that none 
should parley, nor would I permit ye trumpetter to 
speak at all unto me; & fain he would have said some- 
thing to my souldiers, but I commanded him upon 
his life to be gone & not to return any more upon his peril, 
& we continued to fight still; and ye aforesaid fire did so 
encrease, that I thought it fit to offer quarter to those that 
were in ye stable, for their lives only: but they would not 
hear me. Upon which I drew all my men together, & fell 
violently upon them, in which assault were slain & taken 
prisoners all those whose names are in the ensuing list. 
This did so dishearten ye Comptons & all their forces that 
they presently drew off all their foot & only faced me with 
their horse, & sent another trumpetter to parley; but I 
commanded to give fire upon him, that he returned with 
no other answer but what a musket could speak. And 
thus by Gods providence & mercy we were clearly rid of 
them. Sir, this is as true & short a narrative as I can 
conveniently give you. I am as we all are 
“‘ your obliged servants & kinsmen 
“George & William Purefoy. 


44 


“Compton Jan 30 1644. 

‘““We recovered all our men again that ye enemy had 
taken.” 

“A list of ye officers & souldiers slain & taken prisoners, 
Captains 3 Lieutenants 2 one Ensign one Quarter Master 
one Coruet 5 Corporals 3 Sergeants Troopers & Foot 
souldiers about 50; besides 6 cartloads of wounded men 
carried off & near upon 40 common souldiers left dead 
behind them in and about ye garrison. Of mine own men 
both horse & foot only one man was desperately wounded 
& another was slightly hurt, but no one I say was slain. 
A rare & even wonderfull providence indeed. We took of 
ye enemies horse & foot arms & 150 muskets 40 pistols 
& about 20 hand grenades,” 

In “ Perfect Passages” of Feb. 3 1645 is a letter from 
Major Bridges :— 

“Sir, the enemy taking the advantage of an halfe moone 
fallen down at Compton house, one of our Garrisons in 
this County of Warwick whereof Serjeant Major Purefoy 
is Governour: hereupon Sir William or Sir Thomas 
Compton commanded a party from Banbury to fall upon 
this Garrison, to which purpose he marched against it 
with 300 horse and 160 foot, and presently fell to storming 
the said works, took the outworks, possest themselves of 
the stables, tooke the horse which were nigh upon 100 and 
set the stables on fire in three severall places, by which 
means some of them were slain, the said houses falling 
upon them. By this time Serjeant Major Purefoy (the 
Governour of the place) had drawn up his forces together, 
and with valiant courage sallied out of the house and fell 
upon them, in short time recovered all the horse except 
10 or 12 killed and took almost 80 wounded many and put 
the rest to flight pursuing them victoriously. 


45 


A list of the particulars of this Victory. 
“ Lievtenant Chamberlain 1 Lievtenant more 
1 Cornet 58 other Officers and Souldiers 
12 other Officers and Troupers 80 Armes 
Some killed with the fire Their Horse rescued 
Lievtenant Clerke The enemy routed 
Lievtenant Hervey Many wounded.” 


In the “ Mercurius Civicus” it is stated that the garrison 
kiHed nearly eighty of the enemy, and on sallying out took 
about sixty of them; that among the prisoners there were 
two captains and three lieutenants, Lieutenants Chamber- 
laine, son to Chamberlaine the Lawyer, Lieutenant Clarke, 
and Lieutenant Hervey; and that the enemy carried away 
eight cartloads of dead and wounded men into Banbury. 

The “ Mercurius Aulicus,” a Royalist periodical, gives the 
following account of this transaction :— 

Saturday, Feb. 1st.—The Rebells tell us they have taken 
above 100 officers and souldiers from the garrison of Banbury; 
indeed, on Tuesday last, his Majesty’s forces from Banbury 
went within the outworks of Compton House and took 44 
horse out of the stables, most of which the rebells regained, 
with a few Banbury men, surprized in their quarters coming 
home from Compton; but for those officers whom the 
Rebells mention in print, they having taken a Banbury 
Quarter Master with his rolle, were thereby enabled to take 
so many names prisoners, the men themselves being safe in 
Banbury.” 

That the Royal party were severely defeated in this attack 
there can be no doubt, but the account as to their numbers, 
given by Sergeant Major Purefoy, and that he had only two 
men wounded in a contest which he acknowledged lasted for 
several hours must be taken as most exaggerated. 


46 


In a MS. letter-book of Sir Samuel Luke, it is stated that 
on the “5th of March, Banbury troopes brought into 
Banbury 72 sackes of Gloster clothes, wth. 60 odd troopers 
wth. their horses and armes, belonging to Gloster, wch. were 
a convoy to them.” 

The “ Perfect Diurnal” states, by letters from Warwick 
received on the 13th March, ‘that the Earle of Northamp- 
ton’s regiment of horse from Banburie the last weeke 
surprized about 30 horse laden most of them with cloath, 
comming from Gloucester to Warwick with a convoy of 
about fourscore; some of the convoy were, about twenty, 
taken; the rest fled.” 

The ‘“Mercurius Aulicus” states that “the Earl of 
Northampton’s brother, Sir Charles Compton, went with 
a regiment of horse from Banbury on Tuesday, the 4th 
March, to gather contributions from Warwickshire, where 
he lay at Ilmington. That on the morning of Thursday 
he fell in at Halford with 120 of the Rebels’ horse coming 
to convoy near 80 packhorses laden with much of the 
Gloucester Rebels wealth going to Warwick, six or seven 
of which packs got over the narrow bridge at Halford, but 
72 were seized by the Royalists, and were found to con- 
tain broad cloth of 20s. a yard, in which were concealed 
money, plate, fine linen, and rich apparel. In charging 
this convoy Sir Charles’ forces killed 12 of the Rebels, and 
took near 70 of them prisoners, including one lieutenant 
and one cornet with his colours, and almost six score 
horses.” 

Some of the above accounts of transactions in South 
Warwickshire I transcribed with my own hand 45 years 
ago from the Kings Collection of Pamphlets, relating to 
the Civil Wars, in the Library of the British Museum ; for 


47 


others I am indebted to that excellent work, “ Beasley’s 
History of Banbury,” which contains a mass of information 
relating to the Civil Wars of the incidents which took 
place in the country round about Banbury. 

A letter from Northampton, dated the 31st March, 1645, 
says :— 

“Yesterday being the Lords day Lieut. General 
Cromwell being at this town of Northampton, with a good 
body of horse and foot, by the advice of his Council of War 
marched from thence to Rugby in Warwickshire where they 
intend to quarter that night about 16 miles march and 
after their muster to march towards Coventry, about eight or 
ten miles farther, and there to stay for the present, to attend 
the motions of the enemy for the securing those parts.” 

A few days before the Battle of Naseby, on the King’s 
march from Daventry northwards, a party of his Life 
Guards were quartered at Willoughby, about five miles 
from Daventry. 

The decisive Battle of Naseby was fought on the 14th 
of June, 1645. After this we have few notices of occur- 
ances in Warwickshire, except of the Scotch Army. On 
the 4th of July, 1645, the Scots army came to Tamworth, 
on the 5th to Birmingham, on the 7th to Alcester. On the 
9th of September the Scots had headquarters at Charlecote, 
on the 10th that army marched through Warwick to Stone- 
ley, and the next day to Nuneaton. 

Respecting the other movements about this time of the 
Scottish army, I must refer you to Clarendon’s History of 
the Great Rebellion. 

On the 7th of January, 1646, Wormleighton House, on 
the eastern borders of this county, one of the seats of the 
Compton family, was purposely burnt by the Royalist 


48 


forces from Banbury, to prevent its being garrisoned by 
the Parliamentarian forces. I believe the ruins of this fine 


mansion are still existing. 


On the 16th of January, 1646, Astley House, commonly 
known by the name of Astley Castle was surprised by 
my Lord of Loughborough’s forces; the Governor a 
shoemaker, and the rest in the house taken prisoners and 
carried away, with most of the arms and ammunition. 

This is the last incident of a warlike nature I have as 
yet met with relating to this county. 

The distress occasioned by these unhappy wars may be 
in some degree estimated from a Petition addressed to the 
Earl of Denbigh, preserved amongst the manuscript 
volumes I have already alluded. This Petition, to which 
no date is affixed, but which was probably presented in 
1644-1645, is as follows :— 

“To the Right noble. & truly noble Bazill Earle of Denbigh 
Lord Lieut generall of the counties of warrick, Stafford, 
Worc: and Salop the humble Petition of ye Inhabitants 
of Lillington 
“‘Sheweth That whereas your good Lordship out of 

your especiall care & opon onavoydable necessity have 

issued out your warrants for the raysing of a company of 
horse for ye safe guard of ye County whereby wee are 
enjoyned to send in to your Lordship two horses howso- 
ever wee are wonderfully willing to satisfy your Lo: 
expectation yet such is our present weake state not onely 
by former losses sustained and taxes imposed but also & 
most cheifly by the late heavy burthen of 4 troupes con- 
sisting of aboue 220 psons opon free quarter who besides 
the eating of our pvision in our houses and barnes, & 
spending our seed pvided for ye grounds have much 


49 


impoverished us by spoyling some of our horse, & ex- 
changing others, that we are utterly onable to’comply with 
your Lo: as otherwise we could heartily desire, our late 
losses amounting to 200li. & opwards more than the yearly 
pfitts of our Lo opon extreme racke we all of us being 
poore tennants & most of us deeply engaged by reason of 
our great debts The pmises considered in all humility we 
prsume to become humble peticioners to your good Lo: 
desiring what favor your honr can afford us & wee shall 
never cease to pray to the Almighty for the pspy of your 
Lo: & noble family 


Will Hardinge William X Robinson Constable 
Henry Buckerfield Burnaby H Avery his mke 
John Nicholes Francis X Eborne 


Tho X Nicholes Senr 
Thomas Boresly 
John Arnole.” 


The above, it may be stated, was from a village the 
inhabitants of which were favourable to the cause of the 
Parliament and against the King. 

In the “Gangrena,” a popular work of the day 
written by Thomas Edwards, a Presbyterian minister, 
and published in 1646, the confusion and religious 
anarchy which at this time prevailed is pourtrayed in a 
manner almost incredible. The doctrines and discipline 
of the Church of England were proscribed, the book of 
Common Prayer forbidden to be used, no religious service 
was allowed at the grave on the burial of the dead, but all 
secular pomp was permitted. A single extract from the 
“Gangrena” will now suffice: —“ A letter out of Warwick- 
shire dated the 2nd of November 1645 relates that two 
souldiers did preach at Rugby on the 25th of October, and 


50 


there said that no Minister was a true one except he was 
rebaptized, and that our ordinances were false ordinances, 
and the printers have cozened us in printing the scriptures, 
and more tenents they held which now I cannot write; and 
on the 26th day of October they baptised sixe women in a 
Mill-dam about eleven of the clock in the day, which was 
strange to us in these parts.” 

In 1648 the King was beheaded, his adversaries deeming 
his great crime to consist of his adherence to Episcopacy 
and to the Church of England. 

In 1651, on Monday, the 25th of August, the Lord- 
General Cromwell, with his army from the North, was at 
Coventry. They marched from thence to Warwick, from 
thence to Stratford, and so on to Evesham, on their way 
to Worcester. 

In September, 1651, after his defeat at Worcester, 
Charles the Second passed in disguise through Warwickshire, 
and was very near being taken prisoner at Wootton Wawen 
by a troop of horse of Cromwell’s forces. A timely warning 
was, however, given. The King turned out of the main 
road at a place called Bearley Cross, down an old lane, 
which may still be pointed out. He succeeded in crossing 
the river Avon at Stratford, and lodged that night in the 
disguise of a servant, at Long Marston, at the house of 
Mr. Tombs. 

In 1655 was published “A catalogue of the Lords, Knights, 
and Gentlemen that have compounded for their estates. 
London: Printed for Thomas Dring, at the signe of the 
“George,” in Fleet-street, near Clifford’s Inn, 1655.” 

This contains a list of perhaps the greater part of the 
Royalist Nobility and Gentry in the different counties in 
England, with the several sums at which each was assessed. 


51 


The names are arranged alphabetically. 
Those of the County of Warwick are as under:— 


£ 

Adderley Sir Charles Ham War. ... ... ... .. «.. 0407 
Broth Edw. of Edrington War. Gent 2... 0059 
Brown: Hen.. of Tiso. Warwick)... 0... ),.6. ees) ese) oe 3 
Clark Sir Sym of Broom Warw. Pete 800 
Court John of Ulnhall War. Yeom.... ... ...0 1... 64 
Ciark Matth. Oxhill Warwick ... 20. 20.0. cee vee 15 
Dugdale Will. Shewstock War. ee eee le Pies 
Fisher Sir Clem. Packington War. Bar. ... ... ... ... 840 

with 30 1. p an setled 
Fisher Fran. of Parkington War. Gent. ... ... ... ... 422 
Fisher Tho. of Parkington War. Gent. ... ... ... ... 559 
Gwillin Peter of Southam Gent. ... 2. 2. 0. 0. ©6118 
Grosvenour Fulke Morhall War. Esq. ... ... ... ... 356 
Grosvenour Gowen Sutton Cofield .. 1... 1. 1. ou, 81 
Glover Robert Mancetter War. Gent. ... 75 
Gibbs Sir Hen. and Thomas his son of Huntington 

Warwick... ; 517 
Halford William of Halford War.Gent.... ... ... ... 98 
Harbech Thomas Colleshall Warw. ... Romtiecs 24 
Holt Sir Thomas of Aston Com. Warw. Baron... ... 4401 
Lucy Spencer Charlcot Warwick Gent. ... Pst last ODed 
Leigh Sir Tho. Sen. of Stone Leigh Com. “War. » Knight 4895 
Mather John Mancetter Warwick Gent....  .. 43 
Northampton Earl James ... 2... 0.0. ue ee ee 1571 

with 270 1 per annum settled 
Parker Edmund Hartshil Warwickshire... ... ... ... 239 
Philpot John Lighthorn Warwickshire Bie ys... 78 
Palmer Giles of Compton Warwickshire Gent. ... ... 1236 
Rogers Matthew of Claverdon Warwickshire... ... ... 20 
Repington Sir John of Annington Warwick Kt. ... ... 408 

with 60 1 per annum setled 
Raleigh George of Farnbrough Warwick Esq. ... ... 289 

with fifty pounds per annum setled 
Underhill Sis Hercules and William his oo of Idli- 

cott Warwick Knight... .. * orwelileiy/ 
Warner George of Wolston ‘Warwick Esq screech S| 60) 


36 1 per annum setled for his life 


id 
mooonwnoodo (=){=) 


JT Owwoo 


oo 


® SOBSDSO BODOKROCOSD COOMNSD BODDOMOOF 


oF 


After the King’s restoration, and in the year 1662, the 
walls of Coventry were thrown down, probably by virtue of 


a Royal mandate issued for that purpose. Several of the 
Nobility and Gentry of the County, including the Earl of 
Northampton, Mr. Humphrey Boughton, Mr. Boughton of 
Cawston, and his brother, caused this to be done. There 


52 


were twelve gates and thirty-two towers, exclusive of the 
towers belonging to the gates. The circuit of the walls was 
three miles. 

But to conclude, the memory of some of those who took a 
part in, and passed away amidst these troublous times, still 
lingers over their last resting places, as I have shewn in 
Sepulchral Memorials at Caldecott and Radway. To these 
I have to add another simple and impressive one, the mem- 
orial of a Royalist, Daniel Blacford, who died a.p., 1681, 
and was buried at Oxhill, in this County, to whose epitaph, 
on a flat stone in Oxhill Church, is subjoined as follows:— 


“ When I was young I ventured life and blood, 
Both for my King, and for my countries good ; 
In elder years my aim was chief to be, 

Soldier to Him, who shed His blood for me! ” 


53 


The Rev. P. B. Brodie also read the following Paper 
on Phosphatic and Bone bed deposits in British Strata, 
their economical uses, and fossil contents. 


Within the last thirty or forty years, considerable atten- 
tion has been directed to certain nodular masses, or stony 
concretions found in the Crag, a later Tertiary deposit in 
Norfolk and Suffolk, in the first place, and more recently in 
the Green Sand in Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire. As 
improvements in Agriculture, and a more scientific knowledge 
of farming have advanced, and the necessity for the use of 
phosphate manures has become more prevalent, the demand 
for this substance has largely increased. 

Many years ago, in 1848, the late eminent Botanist, Pro- 
fessor Henslow, drew public attention to the probable value 
of certain phosphatic nodules abounding in the Crag, in 
Norfolk and Suffolk, and from that time to this they have 
been extensively used for making phosphates, and are largely 
exported to foreign countries. With one exception these 
were all obtained from the Red Crag, which overlies the 
Coralline, or Bryozoan Crag, but Mr. Prestwich mentions 
that exception as an extraordinary and most interesting 
stratum, forming a basement bed, containing some large and 
remarkable derivative boulders, of porphyry and other rocks, 
Oolites and London clay fossils, all more or less rolled, and 
he suggests the drifting of ice as the agent by which some of 
these older rocks were conveyed and deposited in the Crag. 
This basement bed, (about 1} foot thick,) rests immediately 
upon the London clay, and contains the phosphatic nodules 
similar in appearance to those in the Red Crag, with Mam- 
malian and Cetacean remains and foreign boulders. Amongst 
the former are the teeth of Mastodon, Rhinoceros, Deer, and 
Cetaceans; vertebra: and ear bones of a Whale, four skulls of 


54 


Belemnoziphius, teeth of Sharks and Crustacea, derived from 
the London Clay as in the Red Crag. At one spot in the 
Red Clay, 10 feet thick, the phosphate nodules are inter- 
mingled with a few shells, and under this is a seam of these 
concretions, with shelly Red Crag below, Mr. Prestwich con- 
siders all these so-called Coprolites to have been originally 
derived from the Coralline Crag. Numerous remains of Mam- 
malia and Cetacea, more or less mineralized and worn, and 
most of which are probably extraneous, are associated with 
these nodules. 

Passing downwards in the order of Geological succession, 
and at a still later period of working, certain brown and 
black nodules of irregular shape and various sizes, which had 
long been known to occur in the upper Green Sand, at Cam- 
bridge, but had not formerly been supposed to be either so 
extensive or valuable for economical purposes, have been 
largely worked and extensively applied to these uses, and a 
very large quantity have been made into a valuable bone 
manure. The pits round Cambridge have now been dug for 
many years, and many of them are entirely worked out and 
new ones are opened there, elsewhere, and in Bedfordshire, 
though of older geological date. In the former county the bed is 
comparatively thin, but abounds in these phosphatic concre- 
tions, it has, however, a tolerably wide range, but being 
nowhere very thick, it.will not be very long before it is entirely 
exhausted. Thin as the stratum is, however, at Cambridge 
it abounds in fossils of the Cretaceous period, and the diggings 
have led to the discovery of many rare and important forms of 
life, especially Pterodactyles, Saurians, Amphibia, of which a 
fine collection may be seen in the Woodwardian Museum, in 
that University. For most of the earlier and more recent 
acquisitions it is mainly indebted to my valued old friend and 
former Geological tutor, the venerable Professor Sedgwick. 


05 


The Green Sand here consists of fine marl, highly charged 
with green chloritic grains, angular boulders, and hard, 
dark-coloured nodules of phosphatic matter, often covered 
with Plicatulee, Serpule, &c. The fossils are true upper 
Green Sand species, and appear for the most part to have 
lived and died on the spot ; all the shells are filled with the 
game substance as the nodules, which are often of a black 
colour, but sometimes brown, and contain shells and fish 
remains. 

At Potton and Sandy, in Bedfordshire, in an earlier 
formation, (the lower Green Sand) there is a curious con- 
glomerate, about a foot thick, overlaid and underlaid by 
variously coloured sands, the lower portion of which con- 
tains layers of oxide of iron, twelve feet thick. In this 
conglomerate the nodules of Phosphatic matter occur. This 
conglomerate consists of a ferruginous sand, more or less 
indurated, rolled pebbles, hardened clay, and light-brown 
phosphatic nodules, which often contain fragments of shells. 

At Sandy this iron-sand forms a hard stone, mainly com- 
posed of small pebbles of quartz, sandstone, and mica, with 
numerous phosphatic concretions, which are here very 
irregularly distributed, and are occasionally altogether 
absent. Most of the fossils associated with them are 
derivative, and very much water-worn and eroded. The 
shells were probably washed out of the Kimmeridge 
and Oxford clays, the fish remains, teeth, and ichthyodoru- 
lites, from the upper and middle Oolites. A few shells which 
are not rolled belong to the lower Green Sand, and lived and 
died where they are found. 

In the neighbourhood of Ely, pits have been opened, one 
to the depth of nearly six feet, and another from eight to 
nine feet; the former contains three layers of phosphatic 


56 


deposits, averaging each about a foot in thickness. The beds 
are less ferruginous, and contain more lime than those in 
Bedfordshire. They afford many fossils, some of which are 
derivative, and others lived in the sea in which these 
deposits were formed. Mr. Walker, of Cambridge, who 
first drew attention to these sections, in some valuable 
Papers published in the Annals of Natural History, 1866 
and 1867, believes them to be of the same age as the con- 
glomerate bed, near Potton and the Farringdon Sands, and 
therefore belong not to the upper but lower Green Sand. 

In the Green Sand at Farnham, in Surrey, nodules chiefly 
composed of calcic phosphate, are found in abundance, and 
have been extensively employed for economical purposes. 
Similar concretions are also present in the Gault, a stratum 
of blue clay, which intervenes between the upper and lower 
Green Sand. The chalk marl where it immediately overlies 
the upper Green Sand also contains them. True coprolites 
occur in the chalk, but are too widely diffused to be of any 
commercial value. In the Lias, large coprolites of Saurians 
are met with, especially at Lyme, and these might possibly 
be collected and made available as a manure. These may, 
perhaps, be sought for when the Crag and Green Sand 
phosphate beds are exhausted, as they must be in time. At 
present it is these two formations which yield the greatest 
part of our Geological Phosphates. It is perhaps well to 
note that the Phosphate Beds in the Crag and Lower Green 
Sand present these points of identity, that they are probably 
extraneous, derived from other and older formations, and 
that a large proportion of the fossils are the same and much 
water-worn. We now come to the interesting question from 
what source these concretions derived their phosphatic 
matter. Although Calcium phosphate is known as a simple 


57 


element in rocks, * it is I believe generally only present in 
very small quantities. It occurs native for example as a 
white, amorphous mineral, known under the name of 
Phosphorite. It also enters largely into the composition of 
the bones of animals. Probably, therefore, a large proportion 
of these concretions, both in the Crag and Green Sand, were 
obtained chiefly from the decomposition of animal remains, 
and partly perhaps from the destruction of rocks containing 
Phosphorite, and in some instances from vegetable matter. 
Indeed, Mr. Seely is of opinion that the Cambridge nodules 
were derived entirely from Zestera and other marine plants, 
although I think this is a very questionable source, to the full 
extent here suggested. Mr. Walker states that the concre- 
tions in Bedfordshire contain a much larger per centage of 
Alumina than those in the Green Sand in Cambridgeshire. 
This he thinks indicates that they had been formed of clay, 
soaked in decomposing animal and vegetable matter, since 
the alumina could not be derived from either animal or 
vegetable sources. 

The following is an analysis of some of the best average 
samples of phosphatic nodules from Bedfordshire, made by 
Dr. Voelcker. f 


Water of Combination ae Bette icon SOT 
Phosphoric Acid { to Re eo. sas Locka. 
Tames ="... os ae 32.73. ... 26.69. 
Magnesia, Alumina, and Flourine, 

(by difference.) ... ww» 6.64. 1... 4.51. 
Carbonic Acid § ... aoe DeOGs Sent eae 


* In a Paper, by Dr. Voelcker, read at the British Association, in 1865, he des- 
cribes certain limestones and black shales in the Llandirlo series, (Lower Silurian,) 
in North Wales, which are rich in phosphate of lime; in one case the proportion 
amounted to 643 percent. The mine he states contains many millions of tons of 
valuable phosphatic minerals. 

t+ See my Paper on the Green Sand, at Sandy. Geological Magazine, egies re) 

{ Equal to Tribassic Phosphate of Lime, (Bone Earth) 48.51. be 

§ Equal to Carbonate of Lime oat aaa wwe 6,95. ore “e os 


e 


58 


Oxide of Iron... bee a0 PF OC tera. Ge 
Silicious Matter ... vies 2IK9Bis wc HLG:29e 


100.00 100.00 


The brown rounded pebbles in the Crag contain a large 
proportion of calcic phosphate, mixed with calcic carbonate 
and flouride, according to Dr. Miller. By these analysis, a 
comparison may be drawn between the chemical composition 
of the chief depositories of these nodules which are most 
valuable for agricultural purposes. They are carefully sort- 
ed, washed and ground in a mill, and then treated with an 
acid and they become a bi-phosphate, and in due course are 
rendered fit for the market. Some persons have an antipathy 
to bone manures, under the idea that they are apt to be used by 
fraudulent millers and bakers, to mix with the flour. But 
as the former article is expensive and usually more costly 
than the latter, they need not have much fear on this 
account. Perhaps they are not aware that the Pyramids 
are rifled of their contents by cunning Arabs; and Egyptian 
Mummies are imported into this country, and the dust large- 
ly employed, especially in Norfolk and Suffolk as a bone 
manure; so that indirectly some of us may be deriving our 
bread food from trucculent Egyptian Pharaohs, and dark-eyed 
beauties of Thebes and Memphis. I cannot say what they 
might have thought of the matter if they had known that 
in future ages their dust would have been employed to 
improve the soil of a little far distant and then unknown 
island, which has since helped to people and civilize a large 
portion of the known world. 


I now come to the consideration of the peculiar strata 
called ‘bone beds,’ which though not of any commercial 


59 


value,* are of special interest to the Palontologist, and their 

history and origin is by no means easy to explain. The 

term is applied to certain strata which are almost entirely 

composed of the remains of fish and saurians, more or less 

rolled and fragmentary. They are known to occur in 

several different formations, and always at the close of one 

great epoch and the commencement of another, and usually 

form the basement or lowest, é.e. earliest formed stratum in 

each succeeding group. 

In descending Geological order, the following have been 

recorded. 

1.—‘ Bone bed’ at the base of the lower Green Sand, at its 
junction with the Wealden. 

2.—Bone bed’ at the base of the Inferior Oolite, { at its 
junction with the Lias, which I discovered some years 
ago in Gloucestershire, and is probably local and of 
limited extent. { 

3.—‘Bone bed’ at the base of the Lias, at its junction with 
the new red marl or upper division of the New Red 
Sandstone, (Trias.) As the sandstones, shelly lime- 
stones, and clays, associated with this bone bed are now 
separated from the Lias, and classed with the Rheetic 
by most Geologists, though some consider them to be 
more nearly related to the Trias; it will be better to 
consider them as a separate and independent group, but 
this will not invalidate the fact that the bone bed comes 
in between the two great epochs, the Trias and the Lias, 
forming as many of those bone beds do, the passage 
beds between one formation and the other. 


Bred as it is possible that the Rhostic bone bed may be turned to account 
in this way. 

+ There are hard, dark nodules both in the Inferior Oolite and Lias, which are 
more or less highly charged with Phosphoric Acid, These were discovered to be 
phosphatic twenty years ago, by Mr. Beesley, of Banbury, and although this refers 
more especially to that immediate neighbourhood, there is no doubt that similar 
phosphate nodules occur in both these formations elsewhere. 

t Geological Journal, No, 1850-51, Vol. 6 & 7, Part 1. 


60 


But the fact that these strata at the base of the Lias are 
now generally classed with the Rheetics, and therefore inter- 
mediate between the Lias and the Trias does not weaken 
the argument in favour of a change of life at this particular 
time. For while in Germany the whole series including the 
St. Cassian group below, are of great thickness, and there- 
fore, are entitled to be ranked as a separate and independent 
formation; their representatives in England do not exceed 100 
feet, and might be fairly considered to be more truly passage 
beds though of Rheetic age. I am not aware that any ‘bone 
bed’ properly so-called, occurs in the district where the 
Rheetic and St. Cassian formations are most largely de- 
veloped. 

Whether these different bone beds indicate as some 
Palzontologists suppose, a break or change in the mineral 
and zoological conditions prevailing at the time, or whether 
they rather shew a continuity in the Geological record, thus 
forming connecting links between one great Geological 
period and another, we should in either case expect to find 
many new forms of animal life mingled with others which 
characterize the older underlying formation; while some 
would die out, and perhaps remain peculiar and distinctive, 
and a few pass upwards into the later deposits which 
succeeded in the order of time. 


4.—Bone bed’ at the base of the mountain limestone at its 
junction with the old red sandstone. 

5.—Bone bed’ at the base of the old red sandstone at its 
junction with the Ludlow rock. 

We have here then no less than five bone beds in five 
distinct Geological formations, all occurring at the close of 
one period and the commencement of another, which is so 
marked and peculiar that it seems almost impossible to doubt 


61 


that some similar and prevailing change affected the sea 
bottom at each particular epoch, and brought about the condi- 
tions necessary to form those singular accumulations of animal 
remains, which are appropriately termed ‘bone beds.’ With 
the exception of the Rheetic bone bed, all the rest are simply 
an aggregation of broken and disconnected fragments of 
fish, * chiefly Cestracionts, (sharks,) usually forming a very 
thin stratum, seldom exceeding a few inches in thickness, 
and probably of limited extent. These fish remains are 
usually associated with the marine shells of the period, 
though not in any great profusion. The Rheetic bone bed 
differs from these in the mixture of rolled and broken frag- 
ments of Saurians, with fish remains, and abundant copro- 
lites of both, and also in its greater extent and thickness. 
For this reason this is the only one which might perhaps be 
useful as a manure, as it contains abundance of calcium 
phosphate, the others consisting for the most part of remains 
of fish, which, however interesting to the Icthyologist, would 
be unavailable for this purpose. Unfortunately the Lias 
bone bed is highly charged with pyrites, (sulphide of iron) 
which sometimes permeates the bones, and gives it an in- 
creased hardness and metallic lustre; although there are 
some layers where it is very soft and crumbly, and occasion- 
ally numerous bones, teeth, &c., are scattered in sandstones 
and limestones without pyrites, where they might be turned 
to some account; with this view I sent some specimens to 
the Great Exhibition, in 1851. Now it is well-known that 
sulphuric acid is obtained from the pyrites in the London 
clay, possibly this Rheetic pyrites might also be used in the 
same way, and if this could be done and the animal remains 
picked out and made into a bone manure, the economical 


* The Ludlow ‘bone bed’ is an exception, as numerous fragmentary remains of 
Crustacea, (Ceratiocaris,) are associated with those of fish. 


62 


value of the stratum would be two-fold, at all events it is 
worth considering. * In many places it could be readily ob- 
tained by quarrying, and as it often forms cliffs on the banks 
of rivers, as at Wainlode and Westbury, in Gloucestershire, 
and Aust Cliff, in Somersetshire, and on the Welsh Coast, 
(Pennarth,) which are liable to constant disintegration, the 
pieces could be easily collected and turned to good account, 
Most of the fish bone beds are of comparatively limited area, 
and often entirely local, as the one at the base of the Inferior 
Oolite, in the Gloucestershire Cotswolds; the most widely 
spread are the ones which belong to the Rheetic and Ludlow 
series. The latter is known to occur in its usual position in 
Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Shropshire. It rarely ex- 
ceeds an inch in thickness, is of a brown colour, very soft, 
and resembles ginger bread, and is made up of the commi- 
nuted fragments of placoid fish, (chiefly onchus,) coprolites, 
and crustaceans. For a long time these fish were supposed 
to be the earliest indications of their class, but within the 
last few years fish remains have been discovered in the 
Lower Ludlow rocks, still lower down in the Silurian, and 
therefore proving their existence at a much earlier period. 
This is only one of the many instances which prove how 
cautious we should be in drawing definite conclusions too 
hastily from mere negative evidence. The safest way is 
simply to state that as far as present discoveries have gone 
no traces of certain animals have been found lower down, 


* My friend Mr, Beesley has kindly analysed some specimens of the bone bed 
for me, and states that it contains 35 per cent of phosphate of lime, and that the 
bone is readily soluble in diluted Hydrochloric acid, whilst the sulphide is entirely 
inacted on. The thicker mass at Coombe Hill contains only 20 per cent. He 
suggests that the simplest plan of utilismg the Phosphoric acid would be to pour 
off the clear liquid, and use it as a liquid manure, adding first, if excess of acidity 
is an objection, milk of lime to complete the precipitaton of the Phosphate of lime. 

If the quantity was large, it might answer to burn it, producing sulphuric acid 
from the gases of its combustion, and then operating upon the residue with either 
hydrochloric acid, or sulphuric acid; or even it might be ground and applied at once 
to the land, as it would not be insoluble in carbonate water, like the so-called 
‘coprolites,’ and the residue of peroxide of iron would not be injurious to the land. 
The excess of Pyrites makes it undesirable to grind and apply it at once to the soil 
without some previous preparation. 


63 


but that future investigations made, lead to very unexpected 
and unlooked for results. Hasty generalizations in Science 
are always to be deprecated and avoided. 


The Rheetic ‘bone bed,’ as before stated, is present at the 
base of the Lias, and reposes immediately on the Red Marl, 
the top of the Trias or new red sandstone. Generally it 
forms one thin stratum, of a dark colour, almost black, 
charged more or less with pyrites, and is entirely composed 
of the rolled and comminuted fragments of fish and Saurians. 
In some places there are two or three distinct ‘bone beds,’ * 
divided by shale, limestone, or coarse sandstone, and some- 
times there is a band of limestone, often arenaceous full of 
bones, coprolites, and teeth. Whatever the matrix may be 
in different localites, and however variable in thickness, it is 
always characterized by the same organic remains. It 
probably attains its greatest thickness at Aust Cliff, on the 
banks of the Severn, in Somersetshire, where it contains 
some large palatal teeth of the remarkable fish Ceratodus. 
From Westbury Cliff I obtained a very large vertebra of an 
Icthyosaurus, indicating a Saurian of great size. Long be- 
fore the strata at the base of the Lias were assigned to the 
Rheetic; holding an intermediate position between that 
formation and the Trias, my friend Sir Philip Egerton our 
great authority on fossil fish, from the peculiar character 
of those in this bone bed, referred it to the upper New red 
sandstone. Some are peculiar to it, and others belong to 
species which prevail in the Muschelkalk, a calcareous, and 


* At Watchet there are three separate ‘bone beds,’ the first is a thin conglomerate 
of bones and teeth, a little more than two inches thick, underlaid by a sandy marl* 
with similar fossils, two feet thick. Still lower is a sandy stratum, bone bed, 
with quartz pebbles and limestone nodules, with same fish remains as in bone beds 
above, somewhat more than two inches thick. Black shale, and then another bone 
bed, with same and additional fossils, two to three inches. Shells peculiar to the 
Rheetics occur more or less in all these bone beds, but belong to different genera, 
some being common to each. Rolled fragments of large reptilian bones are also 


noticed here by Mr, Dawkins, and one hollow bone supposed by him to belong to 
a Pterodactyle, 


64 


highly fossiliferous deposit, between the Keuper and the 
Bunter, unknown in this country, but largely developed in 
Germany. Among the genera, common to both, are Hybodus, 
plicatilis, Saurichthys apicalis, Gyrolepis tenuistriatus, and 
Alberti, (the two latter are Sauroid fish,) Acrodus minimus, 
and Sargodon Tomicus. Other fish such as Ceratodus, Squa- 
loraia and Lepidotus, are also associated with the above ; the 
last has a very wide range, and passes upwards through the 
Lias and Oolites into the Wealden. 

In addition to these facts which gives a special interest to 
this singular deposit, it has another and more important one 
to the Palzontologist, in the occurrence of the teeth of 
Mammalia, which although only indicating a very diminutive 
Mammal, is of great importance as shewing their existence 
at this period. 

Mr. Dawkins discovered a tooth of a Mammal (Hypsi- 
prymnopsis Rheetica) allied to the Kangaroo rats,* in strata 
of this age at Watchet; another has since been found in 
Devonshire, and my friend Mr. C. Moore, has previously 
described a small Mammalian (Microlestes) tooth in detritus, 
derived from these Rhetic beds at Frome in Somerset- 
shire. Previous to these discoveries in England, a small 
tooth (Microlestes antiquus) belonging to this class has 
been observed at Wurtemberg, in Germany, in a bone bed 
of similar date. These are not the earliest indications of 
the presence of Mammalia, because a small tooth Dromathe- 
rium sylvestre is stated to have been detected in the new 
Red Sandstone in America, which is so far the earliest proof 
yet known of any animals of this high class, but it would 
not be surprising if others were found in still older 


formations. 
ed Be EE eS ee eS Se 
* This interesting tooth was found by Mr. Dawkins, at Watchet, in the grey 
marls beneath the ‘bone bed,’ and therefore strictly speaking, is somewhat older, 
and are classed by him as lower Rhetic, Proceedings Geological Society, 1864, 


65 


The Saurians, chiefly Icthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus are 
well known genera in the Lias, and I am not aware that 
there are any species which are peculiar to the bone breccia 
of the Rheetics. The range of this singular stratum is very 
considerable, extending over an area of nearly 200 miles, 
which in such a thin stratum is rather remarkable. It has 
been noticed at Axmouth in Devonshire, at Aust Cliff, and 
Watchet, and elsewhere in Somersetshire, Lyme Dorset, at 
Pennarth and St. Hiliary in Glamorganshire, in the Mendips 
near Wells,t Westbury and Wainlode Cliffs in Gloucester- 
shire,} Coombe Hill near Tewkesbury, near Binton in 
Warwickshire, Knowle being its furthest northern limit{ in 
this county, and it has been observed at Gainsborough, still 
further to the north; but has not yet been detected in 
Yorkshire. There are other interesting points inland where 
it is known, and would no doubt be found at many others if 
available sections were afforded. 

In 1861, my friend Mr. C. Moore, in an important 
paper on the Rheetic beds, in the Journal of the Geological 
Society, 1861, pointed out the identity of the series of 
rocks which contain the bone beds with certain formations in 
the Austrian Alps, upwards of 4000 feet thick, and there 
termed Rheetic(Rheetia) but in England reduced to a thickness 
of one hundred, and sometimes not more than thirty-five 
feet. The shells are for the most part of small size 
and peculiar to this series; some of the species described 
by him are new, and others are common to the same zone 
on the continent. They are usually met with in the strata 
associated with the bone bed, and more rarely in connection 
with it, Whether these different bone beds are absolutely 

+ See my Paper in Journal of the Geological Society. 


t Fossil Insects, (Brodie.) 
§ See another Paper in Proceedings of Warwickshire Naturalists’ Field Club. 


66 


continuous or not (as they really seem to be) the similarity 
of lithological structure of these ichthyolite breccias tends 
to shew the uniformity of conditions over large areas. It is 
more difficult to explain the cause of the accumulation 
and destruction of so many fish and lizards over a large 
extent of sea bottom at the same time. Some Geologists 
attribute the sudden destruction of animal life (as it no 
doubt was in many cases) to noxious gases emitted by 
submarine volcanoes, and it may perhaps have been so in 
this instance. The action of strong and variable currents is 
attested by the rolled quartz and other pebbles, (often form- 
ing conglomerates intermingled with bone) previously men- 
tioned, and the comminuted condition of the animal remains, 
which must have been present in enormous quantities, and 
were evidently deposited in masses at the bottom of the sea, 
and cemented together by iron pyrites in thin layers. It has 
been already stated that these osseous conglomerates whenever 
they have been as yet recognised, always occur at the close 
of one formation and the commencement of another, and it is 
just then that we have often a marked difference in the fauna 
and flora, and in the mineral conditions of the two epochs 
and it is evident that the chemical and mechanical change, 
whatever it was, must have largely affected the marine fauna, 
and may have partly brought about the sudden destruction 
of the animals whose remains constitute the ‘bone bed.’ 


Some years ago, an account was published of a similar 
formation having been discovered by dredging at the bottom 
of the sea, where extensive accumulations of the remains of 
fish were noticed, consisting chiefly of broken bones, teeth, 
and scales, spread over a considerable space both in length 
and breadth, thus constituting a modern ‘bone bed,’ and 
illustrating some of those described in this paper. It is fair 


67 


to presume that the same causes which produced the one 
produced the other. Unfortunately I cannot refer to the 
article, otherwise, I might be able to give a further account 
of it. 

I have dwelt longer upon the history of the Rheetic bone 
bed, because of its greater extent and possible application 
for economical purposes, for it is the only one which would 
be likely to be available in this way. The discoveries of 
modern science have laid open so many new sources for the 
practical application of the rocks, which form the crust of 
the earth that we can scarcely set a limit to their utilization, 
and we may look forward to many other and as yet hidden 
stores of general advantage to the public. * 


* One instance of this among many may be cited. The Kimmeridge Clay on the 
Dorset Coast, is now worked for the bituminous shale, which is used for making 
candles, and it yields an excellent gas, and is valuable asa manure. When distilled 
it produces valuable oils, and the residuum can be made into hydraulic cement. 


The Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archzologists’ Field 
Club held their Annual Winter Meeting in the Museum, 
Warwick, by kind permission of the Council, on the 7th of 
March, 1871, when the following papers were read:—First. 
On the Domestic and Military Architecture of the Early 
Inhabitants of the British Islands, (with illustrations,) by 
Dr. O’Callaghan, LL.D., &c. Second,—On the Nature, 
Origin, and Geological History of Amber, by the Rev. P. B. 
Brodie, M.A., F.G.S , Vice-President, &c. 

The First Summer Meeting was held at Moreton-in-the- 
Marsh, on May 16, 1871. The Members belonging chiefly 
to the Geological Section of the Club ; the day was devoted 
to Geology; the drift was examined at Little Wolford, and 


68 


the Church and an old Manor House visited; and some 
interesting quarries of Middle Lias, full of fossils, and the rich 
Coral bed in same zone, at Cherrington. It was intended to 
have visited Brailes and Compton Wynyates, but there was 
no time to carry out this plan which was therefore reserved 
for a future occasion. 

On the 8rd of July, the Members were invited to 
assemble at Leeds Castle, by the kindness of the President, 
W. Martin, Esq., M.P. This meeting as might be expected 
was largely attended. The Archzologists visited Rochester 
Castle and Cathedral, Kitt’s Cotty House, Luton, Knole 
Hall, Maidstone, and Canterbury. The Geologists visited the 
L. G. Sand quarries at Maidstone, the Wealden at Bethers- 
den, the famous Chalk pits at Halling and Burham; and the 
Botanists obtained many interesting plants in the district. 

The Archeological Meeting specially devoted to Arch- 
eology, was held at Tamworth, on the 27th July, 1871. 
The following places were visited during the day, the Town 
Fortifications, the Castle, Church, Town Hall and Dungeons, 
Bole Bridge, Alvecote Priory, Pooley Hall, Shuttington 
Church and Camp, Seckington Church and Tumulus. 

The last Meeting took place at Kenilworth and Meriden, 
the Archxologists inspecting the Castle and Meriden; and 
the Geologists the Permian quarries at both places. 


69 


Additions to the Museum and Library. 
GEOLOGY. 
DONATIONS. 


Fossil Bones, from Gravel pits between Barford and Tachbrooke, 
Parish of Barford. Presented by J. S. Baly, Esq., and Mr. 
Rainbow, junr. 

Large slab of Wealden, with Paludina, from Bethersden, Kent. 
Presented by A. Keene, Esq. 

Pecten, sp? Hamites. Cyclocyathus Fittoni. Belemnites Listeri, 
Cinulea inflata, Nucula pectinata, Notopocorsytes Stokesii, Belem- 
nites, Hemiaster Baleyii, Rostellaria costata. Gault, Folkestone, 
Kent. Presented by Rev. P. B. Brodie. 

Paludina, Wealden, Bethersden, (Kent.) Belemnites mucronatus, 
Chalk, (Kent.) Conus, London Clay, (Bracklesham.) Natica, 
Venericardia planicosta, London Clay, (Salisbury.) Cyprina Morristi 
Thanet Sands, Reculvers, (Kent.) Presented by Rev. P. B. Brodie. 

Head of Ichthyosaurus, (very large,) Upper Lias, Whitby. Presented 
by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq. 

Vertebra, (large) of Cétiosaurus, from Padley’s Quarry, Chipping Norton; 
Lima grandis, and Lima proboscidea, from Inferior Oolite, Combe 
Hill, Barford, St. John’s, Oxon. Presented by T. Beasley, Esq., 
Banbury. 


Fossils from the collection of the late J. Faulkner, Esq., of Dedding- 
ton. Presented by his Executors. 


Ammonites, Stonefield Slate, Eyeford, Gloucestershire. Presented by 
Rev. P. B. Brodie. 


Paleoniscus elegans and P. comtus, Marl Salte, Magnesian Limestone, 
(Durham.) Presented by Rev. P. B. Brodie. 


Ammonites Densinodus, (large,) and group of Gryphytes, from Fenny 
Compton. Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq. 


Pecten Thiollieri, L. Lias, Fenny Compton. Presented by Rev. P. B. 
Brodie. 


Ammonites rotiformis, L. Lias, Stockton. Presented by J. W. 
Kirshaw, Esq. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 
DONATIONS. 


Trilingual Inscription at Sau, by 8. Birch, LL.D., F.S.A. 


Cast of the Head of the Dodo in the Museum at Oxford. Presented 
by the Rev. A. Bloxam. 


Arctic Tern, shot at Baggington. Presented by J. Wimbridge, Esq. 
Hooded Crow. Presented by J. Wimlridge, Esq. 


70 


Hooded Merganser, Merguscucullatus. Presented by Philips, Esq. 
Whitmore Park, Coventry. 


Pair of Antique Shoes. Presented by Mr. William Sleath. 


LIBRARY. 
DONATIONS. 
Proceedings of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archeologists’ Field 
Club for 1871. Presented by that Society. 
“The Barons’ Wars,” by Blauw. Presented by F. Manning, Esq. 


The following 8 Works were Presented by Evelyn Philip 
Shirley, Hsq., F.S.A. 


1. Some account of the Etrin or dominions of Fancy, 4to, London, 1845. 


2. Inventory of the effects of Henry Howard, K. C., Earl of North- 
hampton. 4to, London, 1870. 


3. On the descent and Arms of the House of Compton of Compton 
Wyniate. 4to, London, 1870. 


4. Some account of English Deer Parks, with notes on the manage- 
ment of Deer. 4to, London, 1867. 


5. Lower Eatington, its Manor House and Church, privately printed 
4to, London, 1869. 


6. Lough Fea, 2nd Edition, privately printed, 4to, London, 1870. 


7. Original letters of Sir Thomas Pope, K., communicated to the 
Philobiblon Sec. 


8. A Sermon preached by the Rev. W. B., D.D., at the consecration 
of the church of St. Patrick of Ardragh in the Diocese of 
Clogher, October 13th, 1868. 4to, London, 1869. 


LIBRARY. 
PURCHASES. 


Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. 8 and 9, 4th series. 
CampEn Soctery’s PUBLICATIONS. 
No.1. New series, the Fortescue Papers relating to state affairs. 


Letters and Papers of John Shillingford, Mayor of 
Exeter, 1447—50. 


The Old Cheque Book of the Chapel Royal from 
1561 to 1744. 


sig Ace. 55 » The Life of Bishop Bedale, and Bishop of 
Kilmore, in Ireland. 


Geological Magazine, 82 to 93. 
Popular Science Review, 39 to 43. 


” 2. ” ” 


» 3. ” » 


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73 
OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY. 


1871—72. 


PATRON. 


Tur Ricut HonorasLe THE EARL OF WARWICK. 


PRESIDENT.. 


Tue Ricut HonorasLeE Lorp Dormer. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS. 
Tur Ricut HonorasLe THE Eart or AYLESFORD. 
Cuartes Hoxite Bracesrinvce, Esa. 
James Duapatr, Esa. 
Tue Richt HonorasLe THE Eart or CAMPERDOWN. 
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.NS. 
Tue Rigut Honoraste Lorp Leien, F.Z.S. 
Georce Luoyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. 
Sir Georce Ricuarp Parties, Bart. 
Marx Purties, Esq. 
Evetyn Puitie Surreiry, Esq., F.S.A. 
JoHN STAUNTON, Esq. 
Tue Riecut Honorable Lorp WILLOUGHBY DE BROOKE. 


Henry CuristopHer Wise, Esq., M.P. 


HONORARY SECRETARIES. 
Tae Rey. Perer Beviincer Brovis, M.A., F.G.S. 


Joun Witiiam Kirsaaw, F.G.S. 


74 


HONORARY CURATORS. 


Geology und ineralogy. 


The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S. JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S. 
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq, M.D., F.G.S. R. F, TOMES, Esq, F.Z.S. 


Hotany, 


FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Ese., F.B.S.E. | F. E. KITCHENER, Esq, F.LS. 
Mr. H. PRATT. 


Zoology. 


GEORGE LLOYD, Esq, MD.,F.GS. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esq, F.ZS. 
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A. 


Entomology. 


THE REV. W. BREE. | J. S. BALY, Esq, F.L.S., M.E.S. 


Archeology. 


MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esq. | JOHN FETHERSTON, Jon., Esq. F.S.A- 
P. O';CALLAGHAN, Esq, LL.D, D.C.L., F.S.A. 


AUDITOR. 


M. H. LAKIN, Esq. 


COUNCIL. 
The PATRON THOMAS COTTON, Esa. 
The PRESIDENT MAJOR GENERAL JOHN H. FREER 
The VICE-PRESIDENTS THE REV. PHILIP S. HARRIS 
The HONORARY SECRETARIES THOMAS LLOYD, Esa. 
The HONORARY CURATORS W. H. PARSEY, Esq., M.D. 
The TREASURER JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS, Esa. 
The AUDITOR THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Esq. 
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. THOMAS THOMSON, Ese., M.D. 
The REY. WILLIAM BREE JOHN TIBBITS, Ese., M.D. 


Rey. JAMES REYNOLDS YOUNG. 


75 
LIST OF MEMBERS, 


1872. 


HONORARY MEMBERS. 


Tue Rev. Apam Sepewick, B.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., 
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and 
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of 
Cambridge, sc. 


Rozert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.SS. L.& E., F.R.C.P.E. 
F.L.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S., Professor of Comparative Anatomy 
and Zoology at the University College, London, §c., 
Grafton Place, Euston Square, London. 


Joun Pumps, Esq., M.A., F.RS., FG.S., Professor of 
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University 
Oxford, &c., Oxford. 


LisuTenant-CoLoneL Witi1am Henry Sykes, M-P., 
F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde 
Park, London. 


Samurt Brrcu, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Keeper of Oriental 
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of 
the Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin, 
Gottingen, Herculaneum, &c., &c. 


Apert Way, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British 
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the “ Comité des 
Arts et Monuments, Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey. 


George Lioyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham Heath. 


’ 


76 


MEMBERS. 


THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS. 


The Right Honorable Earl of Aylesford, Packington Hall, 
Vice-President. 

Mr. James Baly, Warwick. 

J. S. Baly, Esq., F.L.S., M.E.S., Warwick, Member of 
Council. 

Richard Barnett, Esq., Coten End, Warwick. 

Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator. 

*Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice- 
President. 

Rev. William Bree, Allesley, near Coventry, Member of 
Council. 

The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G S., Rowington, 
Hon. Secretary and Geological Curator. 

John Coulson Bull, Esq., Leamington. 

Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable the Earl of Warwick, Warwick 
Castle, Patron. 

William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrooke Grange, near 
Rugby. 

P. O'Callaghan, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A., Leamington, 
Member of Council. 

Henry Chance, Esq., Sherbourne, Warwick. 

The Right Honourable the Earl of Clarendon, the Grove, 
Watford. ; 

Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick. 

Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick. 

John M. Cooke, Esq., Warwick. 

Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth, 
Member of Council. 


77 


Thomas Bellamy Dale, Esq., Warwick. 

The Right Honourable Lord Dormer, Grove Park, 
President. 

The Right Honorable the Earl of Camperdown, Vice- 
President. 

James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Vice-President. 

John Fetherston, Junr., Esq., F.S.A., Packwood House, 
Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator. 

Captain Fosbery, the Castle Park, Warwick. 

Major General John Harbidge Freer, Kenilworth, Member 
of Council. 

Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill. 

*Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P., Avonside, Barford, Vice- 
President and Treasurer. 

Mrs. Greaves, the Cliffe, Warwick. 

Miss Greenway, Warwick. 

Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. 

The Rev. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road 
Leamington. 

The Rev. H. Hayman, D.D., Rugby. 

Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, 
London, W.€. 

Sir Robert N. C. Hamilton, Bart., K.C.B., Avon Cliff, 
Stratford-on-Avon. 

The Rev. Philip S. Harris, Leycester Hospital, Warwick, 
Member of Council. 

Mellor Hetherington, Esq., Edston Hall. 

Richard Child Heath, Esq. Warwick. 

William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon. 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S., Loxley House, 
Vice-President. 


2 


Alfred Keene, Esq., Eastnor House, Leamington. 


78 


F. E. Kitchener, Esq., F.L.S., Rugby. 

Miss Kimberley, Warwick. 

John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary 
and Hon. Geological Curator. 

Michael H. Lakin, Esq., Warwick. 

Thomas Lloyd, Esq., the Priory, Warwick, Member of 
Council. 

The Right Honorable Lord Leigh, F.Z.S., Stoneleigh 
Abbey, Vice-President. 


The Rev. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy. 

Philip Wykeham Martin, Esq., M.P., Leeds Castle, Kent. 

Mr. James Mallory, Warwick. 

John Moore, Esq., Warwick. 

George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick. 

Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick. 

T. H. G. Newton, Esq., Barrell’s Park, Henley-in-Arden. 

William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton, Member of 
Council. 

Arthur Wellesley Peel, Esq., M.P., Sandy, Bedfordshire. 

Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near 
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President. 

Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice- 
President. 

The Hon. and Rev. E. V. R. Powys, Edmonscote House, 
Warwick. 

Mr. H. Pratt, Market Square, Warwick. 

The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., Beauchamp Terrace East, 
Leamington. 

Josiah Yeomans Robins, Esq.. Myton, Member of Council. 

The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth. 

Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., Irlam Lodge, Warwick Place, 
Leamington, Member of Council. 


79 


Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F.S.A., Eatington Park, near 
Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President. 

William Smith, Esq., Warwick. 

John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council. 

Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace, 
Leamington, Vice-President. 

John Tibbits, Esq., M.D., Warwick, Member of Council. 

Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Welford, near Strat- 
ford-on-Avon, Hon. Curator. 

The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon Curator. 

Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.S.E., Oakfield, 
Leamington, Hon. Curator. 

C. F. Trepplin, Esq., Leek Wootton. 

James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford- 
upon-Avon. 

*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bedworth. 

George Williams, Esq., Haseley. 

The Right Honourable Lord Willoughby-de-Broke, 
Compton Verney, Vice-President. 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek 
Wooton, Vice-President. 

J. Wimbridge, Esq., Warwick. 

Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby. 

The Rev. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash. 


1836—1853 
1853—1871 


1836—1837 
1837—1838 
1838—1839 
1839—1840 
1840—1841 


1841—1842 
1842—1843 
1843—1844 
1844—1845 
1845—1846 
1846—1847 


1847—1848 
1848—1849 
1849—1850 
1850—1851 
1851—1852 
1852—1853 
1853—1854 
1854—1855 
1855—1856 
1856—1857 
1857—1858 
1858—1859 
1859 —1860 
1860—1861 
1861—1862 
1862—1863 
1863—1864 
1864—1865 
1865—1866 
1866—1867 
1867—1868 
1868—1869 
1869—1870 
1870—1871 
1871—1872 


80 


Vist of Putrons aud Presidents. 
From 1836 to 1872. 


PATRONS. 


The Right Honourable Henry Richard Greville, Earl 
Brooke and Earl of Warwick, K.T., LL.D. 

The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl 
Brooke and Earl of Warwick. 


PRESIDENTS. 


Chandos Leigh, Hsq., F.H.S. 

Sir John Mordaunt, Bart., M.P. 

Sir John Eardly Hardly Wilmot, Bart., 

William Holbeche, Esq., F.G.S. 

The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Lord 
Brooke. 

Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq. 

William Staunton, Esq. 

Sir Francis Lawiey, Bart., F.H.S., F.Z.8. 

Sir Gray Skipworth, Bart. 

The Most Honourable Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton. 

Sir John Robert Cave Browne Cave, Bart., 
Marquess of Northampton, D.C.L., Presment R.S., 
¥.8.A., Hon. M.R.LA., F.G.S. 

Evelyn John Shirley, Esq., M.P. 

The Honourable William Henry Leigh. 

Sir Theophilus Biddulph, Bart. 

Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq. 

Mark Philips Esq. 

Henry Christopher Wise, Esq. 

John Staunton, Esq. 

Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq. 

Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq. 

The Right Honourable Lord Leigh, F.Z.S. 

Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq. 

The Rev. Vaughan Thomas, B.D. 

Sir George Richard: Philips, Bart. 

Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P. 

Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P. 

John Staunton. Esq. 

John Staunton, Esq. 

Richard Greaves, Esq. 

Richard Greaves, Esq. 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F 

James Cove Jones, Esq., F 

James Dugdale, Esq. 

James Dugdale, Esq. 

Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P. 

Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P. 


MP., F.RBS. 


'9.A., MNS. 
8.4., MNS. 


81 


The Meetings of the Council are held on the First 
Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January, and 
the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Easter week. 


The Mustvum is open daily to the Members and their 
Friends, from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of 
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Eleven 
o’clock to Four between the First of November and the 
last day of February. 


Non-Subscribers are admitted on payment of an admission 
fee of sixpence each. 


The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on 
Mondays and Tuesdays. 


The Annual Subscriptions for 1872 are due on the 24th 
day of May, and the Council request that the Subscribers 
will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at the Bank of 
Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, Warwick; or to 
Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of Subscrip- 
tions, Leicester Street, Leamington. 


PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK, 


jae 
iy 
“y 


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