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FIR RAIA RAR EN ns
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBHRS,
“READ AT THE
ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL Su, 1861,
>
LLL AIOE PALL IOLNI mann
be ‘Tue Council, in presenting their Report to the Members,
Society.
xi the past year.
ge The Geoleial Curators haye pean os ssshighiesie<)
TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT
congratulate them on thé continued prosperity - the”
_ Numerous and valuable additions have been made to the —
Museum and Library, by donation and purchase, during
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come of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small
but judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets,
when required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will
svon make the entire Geological collection a most valuable
and instructive one, as indeed it now is, and one of the
best out of London.
Some new Cabinets having been lately procured for the
- Geoligical Collection, now rapidly increasing, the cases are
less crowded than they were, but many improvements
might still be effected.
Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, there
are several Formations which are still very defective,
amongst which may be enumerated the following :—The
Kocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce,
Headon Hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. London
Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and Lower
Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian, and Lower Silurian
will be very acceptable.
The Rev. S. Cooke has presented some Tertiary and
other fossils, which form valuable additions to the Museum.
The collection of Minerals is still in the same condition,
and requires complete re-arrangement ; and it would be a
great advantage to the Society if some member acquainted
'-with Mineralogy would either kindly undertake its re-
adjustment or obtain a friend who would do so.
The Birds are in excellent order, and form a very in-
structive collection.
The Shells, which area large and valuable series, require
some attention, as many of them have become displaced.
As many members of the Natural History Society do not
3
belong to the Field Club, it may interest them to add an
account of its progress during the past year.
By the kind permission of the Council of the Natural
History and Archzological Society the annual Winter Meet-
ing of the Club was held at the Museum, Warwick, on
February 28th.
The Members and their friends, and several ladies, assem-
bled there at 12 o’clock, shortly after which the Vice-Presi-
dent, in the absence of the President, took the chair.
The Rev. R. W. Johnson delivered an address, at the
request of the President.
A well merited vote of thanks having been passed, Mr.
Whittem called upon Mr. Brodie to read his paper “On the
eruptive forces which prevailed during the Triassic, Carbon-
iferous, and Silurian periods in a portion of Warwickshire,
Worcestershire, and Staffordshire, and a short account of the
nature and origin of Basalt.”
This paper was illustrated by crawings and sections, and
in the course of it the author gave a viva voce sketch of the —
fauna and flora of the Carboniferous and Silurian epochs.
A vote of thanks having been proposed and carried, Mr.
Whittem gave an account of a most interesting discovery in
certain superficial deposits, near Coventry, of an ancient
hammer-head, from undisturbed beds of clay, supposed to
belong to the glacial period.
Mr. Brodie pointed out the importance of this discovery,
and gave a short statement of the occurrence of flit imple-
ments in the drift of the South of France associated with
mammalian remains.
A very lively discussion followed, in which several
——_
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4
Members took part, and the Meeting separated: some devot,
ing the time before dinner to examining the Museum, and
others paying a visit to the Lower Keuper quarries at Coten
End. The Members dined together at the Woolpack, at 5
o'clock.
The first Summer meeting of the season was held at Kid-
derminster on the 22nd of May, 1860, to meet the Worces-
tershire Naturalists’ Field Club. At the station at Kidder-
minster the Members of the two Clubs assembled, and
started under the able guidance of “Mr. G. Roberts, the
intelligent local Geologist of the di8trict. Proceeding to
Bewdley, by omnibus, the party examined, first, Bunter Sands,
one layer of which shews a re-disposition of Permian Glacial
Drift, a kind of Trappean Breccia, a point of great interest to
the Geologists ; not far off the upper coal measures are ex-
posed, in a small section on the railway from Bewdley to
Bridgenorth—a thin band of fern coal was here seen, with
a layer two feet thick, fissile yellow clays overlaying it, and
charged with numerous remains of plants, among which two
or three new species of Sphenopteris have been found, some
of the fronds shewing, though rarely, traces of fructification.
Sphenopteris bifida and affinis. Pecopteris oreopteroides,
Serli and Adantoides, and some pretty forms of Asterophyl-
htes, besides impressions of reeds, are the most prevalent
plants. Woodwardites Roberisii, a new genus and species,
occurs in a bed of more compact shales a little above, the
layers of which are too friable to yield leaves of any size or
perfection. Following the line of rail through these upper
coal measures, the olive shales were next seen, with Sphe-
nopteris massilenta and muricata, and Neuropteris gigantea,
which rest conformably on the Old Red Sandstone of the
Hill Wood. The point where the line cuts through the old
ET ae ee eae ee re =
5
Red is at the foot of the Trimpley anticlinal; a small frag-
ment of the Pteraspis Lloydii was detected here. Beyond
this, northern drift gravel is mingled with Severn Channel
(marine) gravel and sand, and forms a thick capping to the
same series of coal measures (sandstone and shale) already de-
scribed. The cutting, 64 feet in height, at the Victoria Bridge,
over the Severn, exhibited a fine series of Oxideous clays and
marls, covering up typical yellow-jointed sandstones of the
upper coal measures. From this spot the party proceeded
through Eymoor Wood, to ascend the Trimpley anticlinal, at
the highest point of which, near the Church, the upper Tile-
stones are exposed in the roadside cuttings, though not known
in any quarry, as heretofore, and contain Pteraspis Lloydii,
Lewisii, rostratus, and Banksii. Cephalaspis Lyellii. Ceratio-
caris ellipticus, Pterygotus problematicus and anglicus, bone
of Onchus, Ova of Pterygotus (called Parkia dicipiens) and
remains of plants, Lycopodites, &c. The view from this
ground was very fine, overlooking Wyre forest, with the
Severn below, the Clee hills rising up grandly in the distance,
the Caradoc, and other more distant peaks being distinctly
visible on the N. W. The view to the South was bounded
by the Malvern range and the Abberley hills, and on the
North and East, overlooking Staffordshire, by the Wren’s Nest
and Barr Beacon, the Rowley, Clent, and Lickey hills. At
Trimpley Green the party were hospitably entertained by Mr.
J. Chillingworth.
Proceeding, after luncheon, to Halls Barn, the typical
(Herefordshire) Old Red Cornstones were exhibited in a quarry,
leaving the Permian beds, including the Trappean glacial breccia
on the right. Descending the east flank of the anticlinal, the
Members reached the head of the far famed Habberley Valley, a
2
6
striking spot, and of much Geological interest, which evidently
must have formed, at a later Geological epoch, a backwater of
the Severn Strait; passing over the Bunter pebble beds, by
omnibus, to Kidderminster, in time for dinner ; immediately
after which, the Members of the Warwickshire Field Club were
obliged to return by rail to Birmingham.
The day was fine and warm, and the excursion a very
interesting and instructive one.
The Worcestershire Club mustered in considerable numbers,
and the party altogether amounted to about thirty.
It should be added that the district, especially the neighbour-
hood of Wyre Forest, is a famous hunting ground for the
Botanist and Entomologist : the stag beetle being abundant.
The following rare plants were observed in the neighbour-
hood of Kidderminster and Bewdley :—Teesdalia nudicaulis,
Turritis glabra, Cerastium arvense, Erodium maritimum, Orni-
thopus perpusillus, Potentilla argentea, Vicia sativa var. angus-
tifolia, Alchemilla vulgaris, Sedum dasyphyllum, Cotyledon
Umbilicus, Sambucus nigra var. laciniata, Viburnum Opulus,
Lactuca Scariola, Hieracium murorum, Carlina vulgaris, Lamium
Galeobdolon, Myosotis collina, Orchis Morio, Allium ursinum,
Aira precox, Osmunda regalis, Botrychium Lunaria.
The Hon. Sec. begs to record his thanks to Mr. Roberts, for
his able account of the Geological feature of the district visited,
and to which he is mainly indebted for the description above
given.
The next meeting was fixed for Ludlow, at the end of June,
but owing to the meeting of the British Association at Oxford at
that time, and also at the request of Professor Phillips, who
wished to attend it, it was postponed until July the 24th. From
various unforeseen causes, in which continued wet weather may
7
have had a share, the meeting at this beautiful and interesting
place was only attended by two Members; and the Hon. See.
being himself unable to attend, he is indebted to his friend, the
Rey. F. Crouch, for the following account of their proceedings.
The day’s work began at the Forge Bridge, at Downton, on
Downton Sandstone, passing into the Ludlow Bone bed, a few
yards further on the same side of the bridge. Crossing the bridge,
the party followed the Downton Sandstone to the tin mlll, where
the passage beds, between Silurian and Old Red Sandstone, were
exposed, similar to those in the Railway cutting near Ludlow.
Retracing their steps they came upon the Old Red Sandstone
in the Gorge, and followed up the strata in the escarpment of
Aymestry limestone at Downton, in the rock. On the way to
Leintwardine they stopped to examine Lower Ludlow beds,
where a good specimen of the Silurian Shrimp (Ceratiocaris) was
found. At Leintwardine, so rich in fossils, especially Star fish,
here first found in abundance in Silurian strata, the Geologists
were not very successful, though a few turned up with a silver
hammer.
Ascending Mocktree Hill, the Members returned to Ludlow
to dinner.
The day was fortunately fine, and the excursion a most
agreeable one, in the midst of beautiful scenery, and in a country
fertile in Geological treasures.
On the 5th of September, the Club met at Blisworth, at 1
o’clock. There the party divided, the Archeologists going on to
Northampton, to inspect the churches and antiquities of the city.
The Geologists went to the quarries of Inferior Uolite, exten-
__ sively worked for the ironstone, and then ascended the hill near
the village, where there are several quarries of Great Oolite,
which is largely used for chimney pieces and other economical
8
purposes. ‘The sections were numerous and interesting, and
many fossils were picked up.
After a pleasant walk, the Members met at the hotel, at 4.3Q,
to dinner.
Daily observations have been made with the Barometer
and Thermometers.
The Accounts have been audited, and the General Finan-
cial Statement from March 26th, 1860, to March 26th,
1861, is appended to this report.
The Museum, now containing a valuable and well-
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and Anti-
quities, as well as a Library, which, though not extensive,
contains many works of cost and value, is highly creditable
to the Town and County of Warwick, and deserves a much
greater amount of support than it has of late years re-
ceived. An excellent foundation has been laid, but much
more might be effected if adequate means were placed at
the disposal of the Council.
Owing to the losses by death of several subscribers,
during the past year, and the small number of additional
members, the funds of the Society are in a much less satis-
factory condition than could be desired.
“
GEOLOGY.
DONATIONS.
Five Specimens of Cephalaspis asterolepis, n.s., from Upper Corn Stones,
Old Red, Hightington, near Bewdley; and two Specimens of
Cephalaspis Lyellii, Ag., presented by G. E. Roberts, Esq., of
Kidderminster.
Three Specimens of Estuarine Coal Shale, from Gibhouses, Wyre Forest.
Presented by G. E. Roberts, Esq.
Stigmaria ——, inner bark, shewing tuberculated surface, from the Upper
Coal Measure, Shatterford, Worcestershire. Presented by G. KE.
Roberts, Esq.
Coral, from Wenlock Limestone, Dudley. Presented by Mr. Camouls,
Graptolithus —, from the Lower Silurian, North Wales. Presented a
the Rey. P. B. Brodie.
Corals, &c., from Mountain Limestone, Clifton. Presented by the Rev.
E. Jervoise.
Tooth of a Saurian, n.s. from the Lower Keuper, Coten End, Warwick,
Presented by Miss Strachan.
Cardinia crassissima, Stutch., from the Mazlstone, Gloucestershire. Pre-
sented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Avicula ——, from the Lias, Chipping Camden, Gloucestershire. Pre-
sented by the Rev. P B. Brodie.
Montlivaltia Guetardi, from the Lower Lias, Fenny Compton. Presented
by the Rey. P. B. Brodie.
Leptolepis concentricus, Eg., from the Upper Lias, Dumbleton, Glouces-
tershire. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Leda ovalis and Arca ——, from the Upper Lias, Eydon, North-
amptonshire. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Hyboclypus caudatus, Wright. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodig
10
Cidaris Bouchardi, from the Inferior Oolite, Cheltenham. Presented by
the Rey. P. B. Brodie.
Holectypus hemispheericus, Desor., from the Inferior Oolite, Dorsetshire.
Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Cone of Thuytes expansus; Fruits allied to Hazel; Carpolithes conicus,
Lindl; Pollicipes ooliticus, Buchman; and Elytron of one of the
Buprestide, from Stonefield Slate, Gloucestershire. Presented by the
Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Two Echinoderms, from the Coralline Oolite, Malton, Yorkshire. Pre-
sented by the Rev. 8. Cooke.
Leaf of Fern, from the Base of the Great Oolite, Gristhorpe Bay, Pre-
sented by the Rev. 8. Cooke.
Millepore, from Millepore Bed, Base of Great Oolite. Gristhorpe Bay,
Yorkshire. Presented by the Rev. 8. Cooke.
Spongia claveroides, from the Great Oolite, Bath. Presented by the
Rey. P. B. Brodie.
Clypeus Mulleri, and Coral, from the Great Oolite, Maidford, Northampton-
shire. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Collyrites ringens, from the Inferior Oolite, Dorset. Presented by the Rey.
P. B. Brodie.
- Acrosalenia pustulata, Forbes, from the Great Oolite, Broughton, near Ban-
bury. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Echinobrissus Griesbachii , fromthe Great Oolite, Blisworth, Nor-
thamptonshire. Presented by the Rey. P. B. Brodie.
Slab of Great Oolite, with Nerineea ——, Blisworth, near Northampton.
Presented by the Rev. A. Pownall.
Echinobrissus scutatus, from the Coral Rag, Oxford. Presented by the
Rey. P. B. Brodie.
Series of Fossils, Shells, consisting of Cypris and Fucoid Plants, from the
Purbecks, Swanage, Dorset, and Kimmeridge Clay Shells. Presented
by W. R. Brodie, Esq.
Spondylus , or Ostrea ——, from the Portland Oolite, Portland, Pre-
sented by the Rey. E. Roy.
Pecten lamellosus, Sow. and Trigonia gibbosa, Sow., from Brill, Port-
land Oolite. Presented by the Rey. P. B. Brodie.
Polypothecia pyriformis, from the Upper Green Sand, Blackdown, Devon,
Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Il
Cyrena Dulwichiensis, ».s.; Cyrena cordata, Morris; Cyrena cuneifor-
mis, Sow; Petharella Rickmani, 7.g.; Paludina lenta, Branda; Arca,
(French species), from the Woolwich series. Presented by the Rev.
P. B. Brodie.
A Series of Tertiary Fossils, from Bracklesham, Barton, and Hord-
well. Presented by the Rey. 8. Cooke.
Fine Slab of Shells, from Bracklesham. Presented by the Rev. 8. Cooke.
MINERALOGY.
DONATIONS.
Fire Clay, from Shatterford, near Arley.
Water Stone, with Carbonate of Copper, from Bell Broughton, Pre-
sented by Mr, Roberts.
ZOOLOGY.
DONATIONS.
Bone of Saw Fish, from India, Presented by Captain Wyndham Baker,
Madras Horse Artillery.
Jaws of Skate, and of Shark, and Tree Lobster, Presented by Mr. Stan-
ley, 10, Upper Parade, Leamington.
Two Stag Beetles, from Wyre Forest. Presented by the Rey. P. B.
Brodie.
LIBRARY.
DONATIONS.
Brodie, P. B. Paper on the Occurrence of Footsteps of the Cheirotherium
in the Warwickshire Keuper. Presented by the Author.
Lithograph of Pecopteris Serlii, from the collection of Henry Johnson,
Esq., of Dudley.
Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool. No.
14. Presented by that Society.
Transactions of the Edinburgh Botanical Society. Vol. 6, Part 3. Pre-
sented by that Society.
PURCHASES.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser. 3. No. 21 to 41.
12
Ansted, G. J. Geological Gossip.
Bree, C. R. A History of the Birds of Europe. Part 24 to 36.
Chenu. Manuel de Conchyliologie, Part 2.
Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland during the Middle
Ages :—
Royal and Historical Letters during the Reign of King Henry IV., &e.
Peacock’s Professor. 2 Vols.
The Annales Cambriz.
Fragmenta Gildhalle Londoniensis. Vol. 2, Parts 1 and 2.
Eulogium Historiarum, Vol. 2.
Cooper, C. H. and T. Athen Cantabrigienses. Vo. 2.
Couch, J. A History of the Fishes of the British Islands. No.1 to 8.
Damon, R. Handbook of the Geology of Weymouth and the Island of
Portland.
Supplement to the above.
Encyclopzdia Britannica, Vol. 20 and 21, and Index.
Geologist. No. 30 to 41.
Morris, F.0. A Natural History of British Moths. No, 7 and 8.
Paleontographical Society’s Publications :—
Davidson, T. The British Carboniferous Brachiopoda. Part 5, 8rd
portion.
Edwards, F. E. The Eocene Mollusca. Part 3, No. 3.
Owen, R. The Fossil Reptilia. Sup. 3 and Sup. 2.
Wright, T. The British Fossil Echinodermata, from the Oolite
Formations. Part 4.
Phillips, J. Life on the Earth: Its Origin and Succession.
Ray Society’s Publications :—
Blackwall. J. Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part }.
Roberts, G. E. The Rocks of Worcestershire: Their Mineral Character
and Fossil Contents.
Wood, J.G. Illustrated Natural History. No, 15 to 27.
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14
Ortcers of the Society.
1861-62.
PATRON.
Tue Ricur Honovraste THE Hart or Warwick.
PRESIDENT.
Epwarp Greaves, Esa., M.P.
VICE-PRESIDENRNTS.
Tue Ricur HonovurasLe THE Earn or AYLESFORD.
CuHarLes Houtte BRAcEBRIDGE, Esa.
Watrer Heyry Braceprivcs, Esa.
Tue Rey. Wini1am Tuomas Brez, M.A.
Tur Ricur Honouraste Lorp Dormer.
Cuartes Frernerston-Ditke, Esa.
Tue Rev. Cuartes W. Horpecu, M.A.
Cuanpos Wren Hosxyns, Esa.
Tuer Rigor Honovras.e Lorp Leren, F.Z.8.
Georce Luoyp, Esa., M.D., F.G.S.
Srmr Cuartes Morpaunt, Barr., M.P.
Sm George Ricuarp Puruips, Bart.
Marx Putuirs, Esa.
Evetyn Purre Surrey, Hsq., M.P., F.S.A.
Joun Sraunton, Esq.
Sir Rosert Grorce Turockmorton, Barr.
Tar Ricut Honovraste Lorp WILLouGHBY DE Broke.
Henry CuristopHer Wise, Esq.
HONORARY SECRETARIES.
Tue Rev Perer Betiincrer Bropir, M.A., F.G.S.
Win11am Groves Perry. F.B.S.E.
15
HONORARY CURATORS.
Grology ant Aineralagy.
Tux Rey. P. B. Broviz, M.A., F.G.S. | Joun Witi1am Krrswaw, Esa.
Groree Luoyp, Ese., M.D., F.G.S.
Baton.
Tue Rev. Wim T. Baez, M.A. | Wittiam Groves Perry, F.B.S.E.
Freperick TownsEnp, Esa., F.B.S.E.
Zunlogy.
Tur Rey. Wit11am T. Brez, M.A. Witt1am Groves Perry, F.B.S.E.
Tur Rey. W. Hoventon, M.A., F.L.S. | Roserr Fisaer Tomss, Esa., F.Z.8.
Grorce Lioyp, Esa., M.D., F.G.S. Tur Rey. Henry J. Torre, B.A.
Arrbenlogy.
Marrurw Horsecue Broxam, Ese. Joun FretueErston, Jun., Esqa., F.S.A.
W. B. Dicxrinson, Ese., M.R.C.S. Grorce T. Roxsryson, Esa., F.G.H.S.
PHotroralagy.
Witi1am Groves Perry, F.B.S.E.
Library.
Hi. Brenxinsor, Esa., F.R.C.S. Enc. | Wr1am Groves Perry, F.B.S.E.
‘
TREASURER.
Epwarp Greaves, Ese., M.P.
COUNCIL.
Tue Patron Tue Rey, E. Tuornton Copp, M.A.
Tur PRESIDENT. Tue Rey. Berpmore Compton, M.A.
Tue Victu-PRESIDENTS. Tuomas Cotton, Iisa.
Taz Honorary SECRETARIES. Masor-Generat Joun H. FREER.
Tur Honorary Curators. Ricuarp Greaves, Esa.
Tus TREASURER. Ketyner Greenway, Esa.
Jonas LAncrorD Brooxs, Esa. James Cove Jonzs, Esa., F.S.A.
Witi1Am Epwarp Bucx, Esa. Tue Rey. Epmunp Roy, M.A.
Tue Rev. T. J. Carrwricut. Tuomas Tomson, Ese., M.D.
16
Dist of Stlembers.
its i ol Bp
OI
HONORARY MEMBERS.
THE Rey. Apam Sepewick, B.D., F.RS., F.LS., F.GS.,
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College and
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of
Cambridge, &c.
Ropert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.SS.L. & E., F.R.C.P.E.,
F.LS., F.GS., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy
and Zoology at the University College, London, §c., Grafton
Place, Euston Square, London.
JoHn Putters, Esa., M.A., F.RS., F.G.S., Deputy Reader
in Geology, and Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in the
University of Oxford, §c., Magdalen Bridge, Oxford.
Joun Conotiy, D.C.L., M.D., F.R.C.P., late Professor of
the Nature and Treatment of Diseases at the University
College, London, &c., Lawn House, Hanwell, Middlesex.
LIEUTENANT-CoLONEL Witi1AM Henry SyKes, M.P., F.RBS.,
F.LS., F.G.S., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde Park, London.
SaMuEL Brrcu, Esq., Assistant Keeper of Antiquities, British
Museum.
ALBERT Way, Esq, M.A., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the’ ‘“ Comite des
Arts et Monuments,” §c., Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey.
17
MEMBERS.
THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS,
The Right Honourable Heneage Finch, Earl of Aylesford,
Packington Hall, Vice-President.
Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick.
William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington.
Henry Blenkinsop, Esq., F.R.C.S.Eng., F.R.M.C.S., Warwick,
Hon. Curator.
Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator.
George Fowler Bodington, M.R.C.S.Eng., Kenilworth.
*Charles Holte Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice-
President.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sherbourne,
Vice-President.
Henry Bradley, Esq., Leamington.
The Rev. William Thomas Bree, M.A., Allesley, near Coventry,
Vice-President and Hon. Curator.
The Rey. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Rowington,
Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke and
Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron.
Jonas Langford Brooke, Esq., No. 7, Dormer Place, Leaming-
ton, Member of Council.
William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Ralph Augustus Busby, Esq., Avenue House, Spencer Street,
“Leamington.
Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrook Grange, near Rugby.
The Rey. Thomas Garden Carter, M.A.
18
The Rev. Theodore John Cartwright, Preston Bagot, Member of
Council.
J. Cecil, Esq., Warwick.
Robert Lucas Chance, Esq., Summerfield House, near Bir-
mingham.
The Rev. Thomas Chapman, M_A., Radford Semele.
Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick. :
The Rev. Edward Thornton Codd, M.A., Tachbrooke, Afember
of Council.
The Rev. Berdmore Compton, M.A.. Barford, Member of
Council.
Mr. Samnel William Cooke, Warwick.
Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth, Member of
Council. b
William Binley Dickinson, Esq, MRCS. MNS., No. 5,
Lansdowne Cireus, Leamington, Hon. Curator.
The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord Dormer,
Grove Park, Vice-President.
George Knight Erskine Fairholme, Esq., No. 5, York Terrace,
Leamington.
John Fetherston, Jun., Esq. FS.A., Packwood House, Hockley
Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator.
Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq , Maxsteke Castle, near Coleshill,
Vice-President.
Major-General John Harbidge Feeer, Clifton Villa, Leam Ter_
race, Leamington, }fember of Council.
John Goodhall, Esq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick.
*Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P., Avonside, Barford, President
and Treasurer.
Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House. Warwick, Member of
Council.
Mrs. Greayes, Portland Place, Leamington.
—
19
Miss Greenway, Warwick.
Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
The Rev. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, Leamington.
The Rev. William Thomas Hadow, M.A., Haseley.
John Hampden, Esq., M.N.S., No. 4, Clarence Terrace, Leam-
ington.
Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, London,
W.C.
Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick.
Abraham Burbery Herbert, Esq., Keresley, near Coventry.
The Rev. Charles W. Holbech, M.A., Farnborough, Vice-
President. ,
Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Vice-President.
The Rev. William Houghton, M.A., F.L.S., Solihull, Hon.
Curator. .
William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-upon-Avon.
Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M-R.C.S., Warwick.
The Rev. Thomas Jackson, Hatton.
The Rev. John Jameson, M.A., Villa Rost: Warwick Road,
Leamington.
The Rey. Francis Ellis Jervoise, M.A., No. 7, Euston Place,
Leamington.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S., ane House, Wem-
ber of Council.
Kimberly, Warwick.
William Kirshaw, Esq., Warwick, Hon. Curator. -
Mrs. Lamb, Warwick.
The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh,
F.ZS., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President.
George Lloyd, Esq., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham, Vice-President
and Hon. Curator.
The Rey. Thomas Longman, Hampton-on-the-Hill.
20
The Rey. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy.
Matthew Malcolm, Esq., Kineton.
Mr. Samuel Mailory, Warwick.
Miss Moor, No. 5, Waterloo Place, Leamington.
John Moore, Esq., Warwick.
Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., M.P., Walton, Vice-President.
George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick.
Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick.
The Rev. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton.
William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton.
Owen Pell, Esq., Leamington.
Mr. William Groves Perry, F.B.S.E., Warwick, Hon. Secretary
and Hon. Curator.
The Rev. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New Square,
Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C.
Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near Shipston-
upon-Stour, Vice- President.
Mark Philips, Esq. Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-President.
The Rev. Canon Charles Pilkington, B.C.L., Stockton, uear
Southam.
George William John Repton, Esq., M.P.
The Rev. James Riddell, M.A., No. 3, Beauchamp Terrace
East, Leamington.
George Thomas Robinson, Esq., F.G.H.S., No. 14, Milverton
Crescent, Leamington, Hon. Curator. *
The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth, Member of Council,
Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street, Leamington.
Colonel Scott, Baginton Hall.
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., M.P., F.S.A., Eatington Park,
‘near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President.
The Rev. Henry Wilmot Sitwell, M.A., Leamington Hastings,
near Southam.
21
William Smith, Esq., Warwick.
John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Vice-President.
Miss Strachan, No. 5, Warwick Terrace, Leamington.
Henry Summerfield, Esq., Warwick.
Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace, Leam-
ington, Member of Council.
Sir’Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland, Faringdon,
Vice-President.
Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Weston-upon-Avon, Hon.
Curator.
The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator.
Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.S.E., Oakfield, Leaming-
ton, Hon. Curator.
William Walker, Esq., Warwick.
James Robert West, Esq, Alscot Park, near Stratford-upon-
Avon.
*George Whieldon, Esq.. Springfield House, near Bedworth.
The Right Honourable Robert John Barnard-Verney, Lord
Willoughby de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President.
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., Woodcote; Leek Wootton, Vice
President. . e
Matthew Wise, Esq., Shrublands, Leamington.
The Rev. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash.
22
Rist of Patrons and residents,
1836—18653.
1853—1862.
1886—1837,
1837—1838.
1838—1839.
1839—1840.
1840—1841.
1841—1842.
1842—18438,
1843—1844.
1844—1845.
1845—1846,
1846—1847.
1847—1848.
1848—1849.
1849—1850.
1850—1851.
1851—1852.
1852—1853.
1858—1854.
1854—1855.
1855—1856.
1856—-1857.
1857—1858.
1858—1859.
1859—1860.
1860—1861.
1861—1862.
FROM 1836 TO 1862.
PATRONS.
Tue Ricur HonovrasteE Henry RicHarp GREVILLE,
Eart Brooke anp Eart or Warwics, K.T., LL.D.
Tue Ricut HonovraBie GEoRGE Guy GRRVILLE, Haru
Brooke anp Eart or Warwick.
PRESIDENTS.
Cuanvos Leicu, Esa,, F.H.S.
Sm Joun Morpavnt, Barrt., M.P.
Sm Jonn Earpiry Earpiry Witmor, Bart., M.P., F.R.S.
Wittram Hoxsecue, Esa., F.G.S.
Tur Ricut HonovrasLte GrorGE Guy GREVILLE, Lorp
Brooke,
Cuartts Hotte Bracesrincs, Esa.
Witt1am Staunton, Esa.
Smr Franeis Lawsey, Bart., F.H.S., F.Z.5,
Sm Gray Sxipwirn, Barr.
Srr Joun Roserr Cave Browne Cavs, Barr.
Tur Mosx Honourasie SrenceR Josuva Aiwyne Comp-
Ton, Maravess or NortHamprTon, D.C.L., PResmEenz
RS., F.S.A., Hon. M.R.LA, F.G.S.
Evetyn Joun Surrey, Ese., MP.
Tur HonovraBLe WittiaM Henry Letcu.
Sir Txropuitus Broputrs, Barr.
Cuanpos WreEN Hosxyns, Esa,
Marx Purttes, Esa.
Henry CuristoPHeR Wise, Esa.
Joun Staunton, Esa,
Water Henry Bracesrings, Esa,
Cuanpos Wren Hosxyns, Ese.
Tue Ricut Honovrasre WittiAM Henry Lees, Lorp
Leien, F.Z.S. ?
EvEtyn Puritip Sareury, Esa., M.P., F.S.A.
Tue Rev. Vaucuan Tuomas, B.D.
Sir Grorce Ricuarp Puiuirs, Barr,
Epwarp Greaves, Ese, M.P.
Epwarp Greaves, Esa., M.P.
iy
23
The Quarterly General Meetings of the Members of the
Society are held at the Museum on the First Thursdays in the
months of January, April, July, and October, at One o’clock.
At these Meetings, communications on any Branch of Natural
History and Archeology are received and read ; and a Lecture
delivered.—Each Member can introduce two visitors.
The Meetings of the Council are held Monthly, on the First
Tuesday in the Month, at Half-past One o’clock.
The Museum is open daily from Eleven o’clock to Five be-
tween the First of March and the Thirty-first of October, and
from Ten o’clock to Four between the First of November and
the Last Day of February.
= The Annual Subscription for 1861 will become due on
the 24th day of May; and the Council urgently request that
the Subscribers will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at
the Bank of Messrs. Greaves, Greenway, and Smith, Warwick ;
or to Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of Sub--
scriptions, Leicester Street, Leamington.
W. G. PERRY, PRINTER; WARWICK,
yu ce
7
ae. Spat ta vA eae
eaances $8
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Wao te tent
oF biG ea a ce ie RY a. eat r eee aie
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Hau. L Tab Ag
B ieiop UBS itr a Epi 24s
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Re Brosiepo7t. ds ob hing of oF | soa bee Le
a Bs Moin. We ifithe bre rows sie Ab yesab) cs
Fug te sopoatlnd) “ail! Misa aft thoiiath
n>
a CAN BAY, rr
WARWICKSHIRE
ATUR AL HISTORY
~ ‘fa
33 4
TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS,
READ AT THE
ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 10th, 1868.
PRALINE
Taz Council, in presenting their Report to the Members,
congratulate them on the continued prosperity of the
Society.
Numerous and valuable additions have been made to the
Museum and Library, by donation and purchase, daring
the past year.
The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arranging
a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and some of
the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small but
judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon
make the entire Geological collection a most. valuable and
instructive one, and one of the best out of London. At
2
present, the collections of Natural History and Geology,
form a good educational medium for all classes, and it is of
the utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency.
Some new Cabinets have been lately procured for the
Geological Collection, now rapidly increasing, the cases are
less crowded then they were, but many improvements might
still be effected.
Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, there
are several Formations which are still very defective,
amongst which may be enumerated the following :—The
Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce,
Headon Hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. London
Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and Lower
Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower Silurian will
will be very acceptable. The aid of the members is parti-
cularly requested in procuring fossils from the County,
especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian, as it
should be the chief aim of all Local Museums to have as
fine a suite as possible from the Strata which occur in the
immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out.
The collection of Minerals is still in the same condition
and requires complete re-arrangement; and it would be a
great advantage to the Society if some member acquainted
with Mineralogy would either kindly undertake its re-adjust-
ment or obtain a friend who would do so.
The Birds are in excellent order, and form a very
instructive collection.
3
The Shells, which are a Jarge and valuable series, require
some attention, as many of them have become displaced. A
series of the land and freshwater Shells of Warwickshire
would be an important addition.
As many members of the Natural History Society do not
belong to the Field Club, it may interest them to add a short
account of its progress during the past year.
The Winter Meeting of the Warwickshire Naturalists’
Field Club was held at the Museum, Warwick, on Thursday,
the 13th of February. This was a joint meeting of the
Malvern Club with the Warwickshire, and was tolerably
well attended, though not so numerous as the oceasion
merited. In the absence of the President, the Rev. P. B.
Brodie, F.G.S., the Vice-President took the chair. He
opened the business of the day by welcoming the members
of the Malvern Club, and then reviewed briefly the proceed-
ings of the Warwick Field Club during the past year. He
then called upon the Rev. St. J ohn Parry, President of
Leamington College, to describe a portion of an antler of
the red deer, which had been found in certain beds of clay,
supposed to be London clay, near Gosport. It exhibited
marksof a knife or hatchet ; and a short discussion followed
as to the true nature of the deposit in which it occurred ;
and the geologists present were unanimously of opinion
that the clay would be found rather to belong to the drift
than so old a formation as an eocene tertiary stratum.
The Vice-President next called upon the Rev. W.Symonds,
the President of the Malvern Field Club, to deliver his
address on Geological Facts and Theories. He commenced
4
by giving an astronomical view of the history of the earth.
He combatted the idea of an original universal molten
condition of our planet, alluding to the early and first traces
of life in the lowest or Cambrian rocks ; and gave a brief
review of Darwin’s theory of the origin of species by
natural selection, to which he expressed himself decidedly
opposed, and so passed on to other interesting geological
facts and theories.**
R. Greaves, Esq., proposed a vote of thanks to Mr.
Symonds, which was seconded by J. S. Whittem, Esq.
J. W. Kirshaw, Esq., then rose to request the Rev. P. B.
Brodie to give a lecture on the succession of life on the
ancient earth, It occupied an hour and a half, and it is
impossible, in a brief sketch, to enter into all the interesting
subjects of which it treated. It was an extempore discourse
largely illustrated with numerous drawings, diagrams, and
fossils, which fully illustrated the topics discussed.
The Lecturer first pointed out the influence of climate on land and
depth in the ocean on the distribution of life. All the great types of
lite began simultaneously and independently. The life of the
Paleozoic rocks was shown to be entirely marine, which was fullest
in the Wenlock and Ludlow groups. Ferns and land plants first
appear in the uppermost Ludlow zone. Ere the close of this epoch
many forms of mollusks disappear, and were succeeded by other
new and representative forms, to which ample allusion was made in the
succeeding formations up to the newest Tertiary. The structure of the
singular placoid and ganoid fish was pointed out, especially those of
the Old Red Sandstone; the cycloid and ctenoid orders commenced
with the chalk, The thirteen orders of reptiles, five of which are both
recent and fossil, were largely dwelt upon, and traced upwards from
their first appearance in the carboniferous series to their gradual
extinction upwards. The structure and nature of the Salamander-like
labyrinthodon was especially referred to, because the Warwick Museum
* The Hon. Sec. regrets that he cannot insert the Address of the Rev. W. Symonds,
as the author has lost his M.M.S., but should it be found hereafter, he hopes it may
be printed and circulated amongst the Members.
5
contains the finest collection of the remains of this extinct reptile in
the kingdom, and a fine suite of footsteps was exhibited to the meeting.
The majority of these ancient reptiles inhabited the sea, but some were
terrestrial and of great size, although none of them equalled the
gigantic mammalian whale in bulk. From a brief review of the marine
life of the various geological periods, the Lecturer passed on to explain
the fresh water and terrestrial life of the successive geological epochs.
Many estuarine ana river shells were found in the Coal, Wealden,
Purbecks, Stonesfield slate, and fresh water Tertiaries. The fresh water
races were comparatively few, and extend over large areas. They
were created after the marine, and the fossil and living forms
greatly resemble each other. The same may be said to some extent of
the insects, crustacea, and reptiles in fresh water strata, and adhere
much to generic and family type. Insects first appear in the Coal with
a land shell (pupa) and a centipede, and occur more abundantly in the
Lias and Oolites. The peculiarity of these was spoken of at some
length. Land plants occur both in marine, but especially in estuarine
and lacustrine deposits above Silurian rocks. Ferns abounded in the
Coal and Oolites, of which many are peculiar and extinct. There were
few fossil birds, the supposed footsteps of them in the new red sand-
stone of America, have lately been inferred to belong to reptiles; but
the remains of a bird have been noticed in the green sand at Cambridge.
(See Owen's Palon, Pp. 291.) It is the lower half of the trifid
metatarsal of an outer joint of a bird, about the size of a woodcock
and at Solenhofen in Germany, in the Middle Oolite a considerable
portion of the skeleton, with- attached feathers, of a remarkable bird
(Archeopteryx Macrurus) has been described by Professor Owen, and
is now deposited in the British Museum. Entire skeletons have,
however, been met with in the Tertiary deposits. Allusion was here
made to the extinct dodo and gigantic dinornis, very much larger than
the ostrich, of New Zealand. ‘The first trace of a mammal was shewn
to bein the Trias of America, the marsupial order first appearing.
This was followed by the insectiyora of Stonesfield, which partly
belong to the insectivora and marsupiala, and oneis a vegetable feeding
pachyderm. These were sueceeded by the insectivora and rodentia of
the Purbecks, ;which were also partly marsupial. The continent of
Australia, in its peculiar marsupial fauna, presents probably the nearest
resemblance to the condition of the earth during the position of the
Oolités. The inference as to climate from the above facts tends to the
idea of a more uniform warmth throughout the ancient globe,the plants
which formed the coal particularly indicating warmth and damp. The
pachyderms and reptiles, the corals and crinoids, all point to the same
conclusion. The Lecturer concluded by a brief summing up of the
facts above noticed, shewing an advance and progress in the succession
of genera and species in the main, and indicating a definite creative
plan which binds the whole into one unbroken and harmonious system
of life.
A vote of thanks having been proposed by C. Faulkner,
Esq., and carried unanimously, the meeting was adjourned.
6
On Wednesday, May 21st, the Warwickshire Naturalists’
and Archeologists’ Field Club held their first Sammer Meet-
ing at Evesham. The members assembled proceeded by train
to Fladbury, but the weather being rainy, the Archzologists
returned to Evesham, where they spent the day in examining
the Churches and a collection of coms and antiquities;
no account of which has yet been forwarded to the Secretary.
The Geologists, who formed but a small party, braved the
weather and walked to a gravel pit, opened on the lime at
Fladbury. These gravels are called low-level drifts and
are supposed to be of fresh water origin, as in places,
especially at Bricklehampton, Bengworth, and Cropthorne,
on the opposite side of the Avon, they contain such shells
as Cyclas cornea, Unio antiquior and Cyrena consobrina,
extinct in Europe, but still found living in the Nile,
India, and America. Remains of elephant, hippopotamus,
rhinoceros, hyzna, several species of deer and bos have
been also collected from all these places. At Fladbury
the drift consists of fine sand and coarse gravel, made up of
rolled and water-worn pebbles of rocks of various ages, Lias
fossils being most abundant, the materials of which were no
doubt largely furnished by the adjacent Lias, The most
interesting of these fossils is a species of Isastrea often of
large size and in good preservation, which was first detected
here by our able associate, Mr. Tomes. This coral has been
found in situ at Fladbury brickyard and Bromsberrow by
Messrs. Tomes, Chattock and Brodie. On leaving this pit
the party proceeded to the Cracombe hills, where the lowest
beds of the Lias are seen in conjunction with the red marl,
The black shales of the Bone Bed (the Bone Bed itself being
absent), the Pecten valonensis Bed and Estheria Bed are all
4
present; but the section is unfortunately much obscured by
the grass and trees, and therefore few fossils were collected,
The view from these hills is very pretty, overlooking the
valley of the Avon, with the Malvern and Bredon hills in
the distance, Broadway and other Cotswold promontories
ranging further to the south and south east. The clay pits
of lower Lias at Randall’s brickyard, were next examined and
a few characteristic fossils obtained, viz.— fine specimens of
Cardinia ovalis, Astarte lurida, and other shells ; but this pit,
rich in fossils, is now closed. Low down in the sections some
choice specimens of Isastrea have been found. Walking
through Evesham another clay pit, on the other side of the
town, was visited, and a few Ammonites collected, one of
which is probably a variety of a A. semicostatus, obtained by
Mr. Tomes. The Cracombe district is affected by a line of
fault which was first noticed by the late lamented Hugh
Strickland, and the neighbourhood is rendered classical by the
yaluable researches of this eminent Geologist. The upper
Keuper on which, in places, the lowest beds of Lias rest, is
interesting as containing a band of sandstone intercalated full
of minute fish scales and bones.
The following list of plants has been kindly forwarded by
F, Townsend, Esq. who collected them during the excursion :—
Ranunculus Drouetii, F. Schultz, in a small pond near Fladbury
Station ; Ranunculus arvensis, Clematis vitalba, Papaver arge-
mone, Lepidium campestre, Helianthemum vulgare, var with
strongly revolute margins to the leaves; Polygala calcarea,
F, Schultz (syn) Pamarella, Coss and Germ, atl. K. 7, P. amara,
Don E. B. 8. 2764; Geranium pusillum, Lathyrus Aphaca,
Rosa spinosissima, Bryonia dioica, Conium maculatum, Viburnum
8
Lantana, Galium Mollugo, Fedia olitoria, Inula Conyza, Chlora
perfoliata, Lysimachia nemorum Juniperus communis, Listera,
ovata, Carex muricata, hirta glauca Scop. var aggregata Reich.
Festuca myurus, Bromus erectus, Huds B. macrostachys, Gren
and God. Polygala calcarea, F. Schultz, grows in abundance on
the Lias hills above Fladbury.
Polygala vulgaris occurs in the above locality in company with
P. calcarea, but both retain their individual habit and mode of
growth, &e., by which the plants are easily distinguished, inde-
pendently of other specific characters. -
On Wednesday, June 25th, the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and
Archeologists’ Field Club met at Cheltenham. At twelve o’clock
the members assembled at the Queen’s, and with several mem-
bers of the Cheltenham Naturalists’ Association proceeded to
Leckhampton hill. The section at the large quarry was first
examined, where the upper Lias is seen in junction with the
basement beds of the Inferior Oolite, showing, upwards, @ good
section of the pisolite or peagrit and the shelly and bastard
freestone. ‘The members then walked on to the western escarp-
ment where the Oolite marl lying between the upper and lower
freestones is exposed with a considerable extension of pisolite in
that direction. Mr. Brodie here pointed out the interest and
importance of this fine section, which he explained in detail, and
alluded to the extensive Geological range of varied formations
which the grand view from this point commands. Commencing
with the Great Oolite in the more distant Cotswolds and Stones-
field slate on the east, the eye traverses the vast Liassic plain
below from the upper Lias, Marlstone and lower Lias to the New
red sandstone at Wanlode Cliff, on the north west. The car-
poniferous series of the Forest of Dean was visible in the distant
9
west, with the whole of the upper Silurian system, including the
Llandovery sandstone round May Hill anticlinal, Longhope and
Malvern, the syenitic axis of which stands out in bold relief on
the extreme north. Ona clear day the Welsh Mountains are
seen in the far west, which include the whole of the Paleozoic
formations, the entire view being unsurpassed in England. Near
the devil’s chimney,on Leckhampton, luncheon was kindly provided
by the Rey. W. Norwood. From this point the Club retraced their
steps to the northern escarpment in order to examine the ragstone
or Trigonia grit, which caps the hill and is the highest member of
the Inferior Oolite. This stratum is succeeded by the Gryphite
grit, characterised by the abundance Gryphea Buckmani.
neither of which bands appear in any other portion of the hill,
Numerous characteristic fossils were found in the course of the day,
including Belemnites brevis, Pecten lens, Terebratula perovalis and
impressa, Natica Leckhamptonensis, Astarte elegans, Terebratula
fimbria, Serpula socialis, Patella rugosa and inornata, Acrosalenia
Lycetti, Gryphea Buckmani, Lima proboscidea, Myacites and
Thecosmilia gregaria.
On the following day, the party set off for Cleeve Hill, the
Pisolite here is well exposed and forms a bold escarpment
for some distance being particularly rich in Echinoderms and
Bryozoa. Certain beds, such as the roadstone, extensively
quarried for this purpose and loaded with organic remains, are
seen only at this spot. The freestone and Oolite marl are also
seen in situ, but, owing to a considerable fall of the Oolite masses,
the section is at first sight much confused and can only be
correctly made out by careful study. The following section,
taken on the spot, will explain the relations of the different
strata.
10
1.—Lower Trigonia grit.
2.—Terebratula Phillipsii zone.
8.—Chemnitzia zone.
4,—Roadstone bed.
5.—Ostrea zone.
6.—Freestone.
7.—Oolite Marl.
8.—Thick bastard freestone.
9.—Shelly freestone.
10.—Pea grit.
11.—Sands junction, passage beds.
12.—Lias.
Total height of Cleeve Cloud above the level of the sea 11,000
feet.
If Nos. 2, 3, 4 & 5 in the above section oceur at Leckhamp-
ton they are not exposed.
Numerous characteristic fossil of the Pisolite and roadstone were
obtained, among which may be mentioned—Ostrea flabellu-
loides, Terebratula Phillipsii, Trichites, Rhynchonella oolitica,
Pleurotomaria (cast), Belemnites brevis, Chemnitzia, Hinnites
tuberculosus, Modiola explanata, Pholadomya fidicula and a large
new species, Modiola, Gresslya, Pecten lens, Lima and Echinus,
germinaus, but the most interesting specimen was a fine beak of
a Cephalopod, discovered in the Pea grit by the Rev. Mr. Hort.
This is the first one of the kind found near Cheltenham ; the
first and only one previously procured was detected by the late
Hugh Strickland in the Inferior Oolite at Bredon. At the base
of the escarpment, the basement beds of the Oolite appear
similar to those at Leckhampton and. Crickley immediately over-
lying the upper lias, and these probably form passage beds
between the two formations, though assigned to the Lias by Dr.
Wright, while Messrs Lycett and Brodie and other Cotswold
Geologists incline to the former opinion. At this spot Mr. Brodie
discovered a similar Bone Bed to the one he had previously
11
noticed at Leckhampton and Crickley, though much better exposed
at the latter. In the course of the day some of the party walked
to Gretton to examine the upper Lias and Marlstone. The upper
Lias shale is here of considerable thickness, at least 200 feet, a
portion of which only is exposed in the large quarry, overlying
the Marlstone with an irregular band of limestone charged with
the remains of fishes, especially Leptolepis concentricus, and a
fine specimen of Lepidotus was found at this spot. In the black
shale are many Ammonites, with the mouth entire, and Aptychus
in situ, Cidaris minuta with attached spines, and a new species
of Rostellaria. The Marlstone abounds with organic remains,
among which the Cardina crassissima, a rare shell elsewhere is
particularly abundant and well preserved. The hard nature of
this rock makes it however exceedingly difficult to extract any
specimens entire. The view of the Malverns and Abberley
hills is very striking from this hill, and differs in many respects
from the other fine views in this charming county. Nor must the
prospect from Cleeve be passed over unnoticed ; with a clear sky
and a glowing sunset it was particularly beautiful on the return
of the geologists to Cheltenham.
On Friday some of the above breakfasted with the Rev. W.
Norwood, and after inspecting his choice collection of fossils,
especially rich in the Inferior Oolite of the Cotswolds, they pro-
ceeded to Crickley hill, where many hours were agreeably spent
in examining the section and collecting fossils. The Pisolite here
presents the finest escarpment, being at least 40 feet thick, and
from it some of the choicest fossils have been procured, especially
Urchins, including among others, Cidaris Fowleri, C. Bouchardi,
Hyboelypus agariciformis H. caudatus, and Pygaster semisulcatus.
Fine examples of Terebratula simplex and plicata may also be
12
occasionally procured. Overlying the Pea grit is a band of
white marl resembling chalk made up of corals, evidently having
formed acoral reef in the ancient Jurassic sea. Several good
examples of Montlivaltia, Latomeandra Flemingii, Thamnastrea
Defranciana and Mettensis were picked up. As this coral bed is
overlaid by the freestone and contains some of the species noticed
in the Oolite Marl besides shells, it is evidently a continuation of
that stratum, though more loaded with corals, but not so thick as
the marl at Leckhampton, the reduction in bulk being fully
accounted for by the increased thickness of the Pisolite.* Mr.
Brodie drew attention to the basement beds, here loaded with
Belemnites and remnants of fishes, chiefly minute Hybodonts.
Returning home by Leckhampton, a good opportunity was
afforded of noting the remarkable fault of Shurdington hill on the
left, which may be traced for several miles from east to west.
At a point hereabouts, the freestones on one side of the line of
fault have been thrown down toa level with the passage beds on
the other, as much as 90 feet. Another fault also traverses the
southern base of Crickley hill which has been notieed by Mr.
Hull in his excellent monograph of the Cotswolds in the Memoirs
of the Geological Survey.
The Rey. W. Norwood has kindly furnished the following list
of Plants, collected by Mr. Notcott and the other Botanists of
the party :—Asperula cynanchica, Thymus Cameedsys, Ophrys
apifera, Herminium monarchis, Orchis ustulata, Artragalus
hypaglottis, Lithospersmum officinale, Blyssmus compressus,
Torilis nodosa, Hyoscyamus inger, Erodium cicutarium (very rare
in this district), Vicia tetrasperma.
*At Crickley above the Pea grit is a thick band, about three feet of marl almost
entirely made up of cota oan the abeence chy frosotons mote, rors and shally
freestone, but the pisolite is very thick and may well account for the absence of these
freestones ; and this marl is no doubt the correct representative of the Oolite marl
there and at Leckhampton.
13
On the 13th of August the Club met at Bromsgrove, only a
few members attended and owing to a mistake in the route there
was not sufficient to occupy the time. After inspecting the very
fine Church lately restored, and the Grammar School, the
party walked to the quarries of Keuper sandstone about two
miles off, on the road to Droitwich. The beds consist of red and
grey sandstone with much false bedding, the only fossils being
impressions of Plants in a very imperfect state of preservation,
among which a few Calamites were best preserved, but no other
fossils were observed, nor had the workmen ever noticed any
bones or remains of fish. The spot where the curious fish was
found some years since by the collector of the Survey, was
visited, but the pit is now filled up. An animated discussion
took place between some of the members on the cause of false
bedding, which appears to be due to the motions of waves,
currents and eddies at the bottom of sea or rivers, and the varied
changes which take place in the direction of the tides and currents
in the same place.
Daily observations have been made with the Barometer and
Thermometers.
The Accounts have been audited, and the General Financial
Statement from March 25th, 1862, to March 25th, 1863, is
appended to this report.
The Museum, now containing a valuable and well-arranged
collection of Natural History, Geology, and Antiquities, as well
as a Library, which, though not extensive, contains many works
of cost and value, is highly creditable to the Town and County
of Warwick, and deserves a much greater amount of support
than it has of late years received. An excellent foundation has
14
been laid, but much more might be effected if adequate means
were placed at the disposal of the Council.
Owing to the losses, by death, of several subscribers during
the past year, and the small number of additional members, the
funds of the Society are in a much less satisfactory condition
than could be desired. A reference to the list of Subscribers
will show that only a few of the rich and influential people in
the County belong to the Society, and if the Members would
solicit Annual Subscriptions from their friends and neighbours, it
is probable that a considerable addition would be made to the
funds of the Society before the end of the present year.
The Council desire to express their deep regret at the loss they
have sustained in the death of Mr. Perry, who had, from the
formation of the Society, devoted much time and attention‘to the
duties of the office of Curator, and for many years that of
Honorary Secretary, and the Council take this opportunity of
recording their sense of his valuable services.
It was unanimously resolved that Mr. Kirshaw be elected
Honorary Secretary in the place of the late Mr. Perry.
The Council also regret to record the death of the Rev.
W. T. Bree, an able Botanist, Member of Council, and Hon.
Curator, from the formation of the Society.
15
Additions to the Museum and Library.
GEOLOGY.
PURCHASES.
A set of Palates, 20 species of Fish from the Mountain Limestone
of Ireland, (through the Earl of Enniskillen), viz :—
Cochliodus acutus.
Cochliodus contortus.
Helodus didymus, Labodus protolypus.
Helodus gibberulus.
Helodus Sp , Deltodus sublevis.
Helodus obliquns, Pecilodus obliquns.
Streblodus Colei, Polyrhisodus radians.
Streblodus oblongus.
Ctenspetalus serratus, Petalorhyneus psittanicus.
Psammodus porosus, Pecilodus Jonesii.
Psammodus rugosus, Harpacodus dentatus.
Petalodus lovissimus, Psephodus magnus.
Pterygotus bilobus, Upper Ludlow, Lanarkshire, Scotland.
DONATIONS.
Fine Slabs of Footsteps in Permian Sandstone of Reptile
(Labyrinthodon), Corven, Burwood, near Wolverhampton. From
F. Catt, through the Rev. P. B, Brodie.
Natica Leckhamptonensis.
Patella inornata. Inferior Oolite,
Latomeandra Flemingi. Gloucestershire.
Thamnastrea efranciana.
Presented by the Rey. P. B. Brodie.
Cardinia crassissima, 3 specimens, Lias Marlstone. Presented by the
Rey. P. Brodie.
16
Pterichthy’s macrocephalus, new British species, Yellow Sandstone
(Old Red Sandstone), Farlow, Shropshire. Presented by the
Rey. P. B. Brodie.
Agnostus M’Coyii, Builth, Lower Silurian. Presented by the Rev.
P. B. Brodie.
Trinucleus fimbriatus, ditto ditto. Presented by the Rev.
P. B. Brodie.
Cyathopsis (clisiophyllum) fungites from Mountain Limestone, Clifton.
Presented by the Rev. EK. Roy.
Terebratula Edwardsii, Marlstone. Presented by the Rey. P.B. Brodie.
Ischadites, Woolhope Lime, Malvern. Presented by the Rev.
P. B. Brodie.
Pentamerus linguifer, Wenlock Shale. Presented by Rey. P. B. Brodie.
Orthis rustica, ditto. Presented by Rev. P.B, Brodie.
Scales of fish, Yellow Sandstone (Old Red Sandstone), Farlow, Shrop-
shire. Presented by the Rey. P. B. Brodie.
Fossils and Shells. Presented by D. Carmouls, Esq.
Cavern REMAINS :—
Left Lower Jaw of Hyena.
Lower Canine Tooth of ditto,
Upper Canine.
Upper (right.)
Lower right.
Incisor of Equns.
Rhinoceros—Iitm.
Right tibra
Left radius.
Right femur.
Ditto, —Upper molar tooth.
Equns, upper molar, right.
Upper ditto, left.
Bos, metacarpal.
Presented by James Parker, Esq., from Wookey Hole, Somerset.
Pygaster umbrella, Coral Rag, Oxford, ditto.
Clypeus Mulleri, Great Oolite, Northampton. ditto.
Hymenocaris caudatus, Llandeilo flags, North Wales. Presented by
the Rey. P. B. Brodie,
17
MISCELLANIES.
DONATIONS.
Impressions of a Seal. Presented by Rev. F. 8. Colville.
LIBRARY.
DONATIONS.
Catalogue of the South Kensington Museum, part 4 and 5. Presented
by that Society.
Report of the Ludlow Natural History Society, 1859-60-61. Presented
by that Society.
PURCHASES.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 8. No. 53'to 64.
Bree, R. C. History of the Birds of Europe, parts 44 to 56.
Camden Society’s Publications :—
80 Proceedings in the County of Kent in connection with the
Parliaments called in 1640.
Couch, J. A History of the Fishes of the British Island. No.19 to 31.
Dixon and Watson. and and Fresh-water Shells.
Geologist. No. 53 to 64.
Lyells. Antiquity of Man.
Morris, F. 0. A Natural History of British Moths. No. 20 to 28.
Paleontographical Society’s Publications :
Dayidson, T. British Carboniferous Brachiopoda. part 5.
Owen, R. British Fossil Reptilia, from the Oolitic Formation.
part 2.
Jones, R. The Fossil Etherie.
Bell, Professor. Fossil Malacystracous Crustacea of Great
Britian. part 2.
Phipson, T. D. Phosphoresence.
Popular Science Review. part 1 to 8.
Wood, J.:G. Illustrated Natural History. No. 89 to 48.
18
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19
Oftcers of the Society.
1863-64.
PATRON.
»
Tue Ricot HonouRABLE THE EARL oF WARWICK.
PRESIDENT.
JoHN STAUNTON, Esq.
VICE-PRESIDENTS,
Tue Ricut HonouRABLE THE Earn or AYLESFORD.
Cuartes Hoite BRAcEBRIDGE, Esq.
WaLtER Henry BRAcEBRIDGE, Esa.
Tue Rigor HonourasLe Lorpd DoRMER.
CHARLES FETHERSTON-DILKE, Esq.
EpwARD GREAVES, Esq., M.P.,
CHanpos WREN Hosxkyns, Esa.
Tue RicHt HonovraBLeE Lorp Leicu, F.Z.S.
GrorGE Lioyp, Ese., M.D., F.G.S.
Sr CHartes Morpaunt, Bart., M.P.
Sir Grorct RicHarpd Puimirs, Bart.
Marx Putiries, Esa.
Evetyn Purnie Sareury, Esq., M.P., F.S.A.
Sir Ropert GEorGE THRocKMORTON, Bart.
Tur Ricur Honovuraste Lorp WILLoUGHBY DE BROKE.
Henry CuristopHer Wisn, Esa.
HONORARY SECRETARIES.
Tue Rev. Peter Bewwincer Bropiz, M.A., F.G.S.
JounN Witiiam Kirspaw, F.G.S.
20
HONORARY CURATORS.
Geology and Mineralogy.
The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S. | JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F,G.S,
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G.S.
otany. .
FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq., F.B.S.E:
Zoology.
GEORGE LLOYD, Ese@., M.D., F.G.S. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esq, F.Z.S.
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A.
Archwologn.
MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, esi JOHN FETHERSTON, Jun.,Esq.,F.S.A.
W. B. DICKINSON, Esq., M.R.C.S. GEORGE T. ROBINSON, Esa., F.G.H.S.
Hibr
WVATD,
H. BLENKINSOP, Esq., F-R.C.S. Eng. | C. D. GREENWAY, Esq.
TREASURER.
EDWARD GREAVES, Esq., M.P.
AUDITOR.
KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esa.
COUNCIL.
The PATRON. | The REV. BERDMORE COMPTON, M.A
The PRESIDENT. | THOMAS COTTON, Esq,
The VICE-PRESIDENTS. | MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN H. FREER.
The HONORARY SECRETARIES. RICHARD GREAVES, Ese.
The HONORARY CURATORS. KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esa.
The TREASURER. JAMES COVE JONES, Esq., F.S A.
WILLLAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. The REV. EDMUND ROY, MA.
The REV. T. J. CARTWRIGHT. THOMAS THOMSON, Esq., M.D.
The REV. E. THORNTON CODD, M.A.
21
Vist of Alembers.
1863.
ee eee
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Tur Rey. Apam Sepewics, B.D., F.R.S. F.L.S. F.G.S.,
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College and
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of
Cambridge, §:c.
Rosert Epmonp Grant, M.D, F.R.SS.L. & E., F.R.C.P.E.,
F.LS., F.G.8., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy
and Zoology at the University College, London, §c., Grafton
Place, Euston Square, London.
Joun Pururprs, Esq., M.A., F.B.S., F.G.8., Deputy Reader
in Geology, and Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in the
University of Oxford, §c., Magdalen Bridge, Oxford.
JouN Cono.yy, D.C.L., M.D., F.R.C.P., late Professor of
the Nature and Treatment of Diseases at the University
College, London, &c., Lawn House, Hanwell, Middlesex,
Lizvutenant-CoLoneL Witu1am Henry Syxzs, M.P., F.R.S.,
E.LS., F.G.S8., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde Park, London.
Samvet Brrcu, Eso., Assistant Keeper of Antiquities, British
Museum.
Apert Way, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., Hon. See. of the British
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the ‘ Comite des
Aris et Monuments,’ Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey.
MEMBERS.
THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS.
The Right Honourable Heneage Finch, Earl of Aylesford,
Packington Hall, Vice-President.
Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick.
William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington.
Henry Blenkinsop, Esq., F.R.C.S, Eng., F.R.M.U.S., Warwick,
Hon. Curator.
Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator.
George Fowler Bodington, M.R.C.S, Eng., Kenilworth.
*Charles Holte Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice-
President.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sherbourne»
Vice-President.
The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Rowington,
Hon, Secretary and Hon. Curator.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke and
Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron.
William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Ralph Augustus Busby, Esq., Avenue House, Spencer Street,
Leamington.
Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrook Grange, near Rugby.
The Rev. Thomas Garden Carter, M.A.
The Rev. Theodore John Cartwright, Preston Bagot, Member of
Council.
J. Cecil, Esq., Warwick.
Robert Lucas Chance, Esq., Summerfield House, near Bir-
mingham,
23
The Rev. Thomas Chapman, M.A., Radford Semele.
Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick.
The Rey. Edward Thornton Codd, M.A., Tachbrooke, Member
of Council.
The Rev. Berdmore Compton; M.A., Barford, Member of
Council.
Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick.
Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth, Member of
Council.
William Binley Dickinson, Esq., M.R.C.S., M.N.S., No 5,
Lansdowne Circus, Leamington, Hon. Curator.
The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord Dormer,
Grove Park, Vice-President.
George Knight Erskine Fairholme, Esq., No. 5, York Terrace,
Leamington.
John Fetherston, Jun., Esq , F.S.A., Packwood House, Hockley
Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator.
Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq., Maxstoke Castle, near Coleshill,
Vice-President.
Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Clifton Villa, Leam Ter-
race, Leamington, Member of Council.
John Goodhall, Esq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick.
*Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P., Avonside, Barford, Vice- Presi:
dent and Treasurer.
Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House, Warwick, Member of
Council.
Mrs. Greaves, Portland Place, Leamington.
Miss Greenway, Warwick.
Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Charles Durnford Greenway., Esq., Hon. Curator.
The Rey. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, Leamington:
24
The Rev. William Thomas Hadow, M.A., Haseley.
John Hampden, Esq., M.N.S., No. 4, Clarence Terrace, Leam~-
ington.
Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, London,
W.C.
William Hawkes, Esq.
Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick.
Abraham Burbery Herbert, Esq., Keresley, near Coventry.
Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Vice-President.
William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon.
Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M.R.C.S., Warwiek.
The Rev. Thomas Jackson, Hatton.
The Rey. John Jameson, M.A., High Street, Warwick.
The Rey. Francis Ellis Jervoise, M.A.. No. 7, Euston Place;
Leamington.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S., Loxley House, Mem-
ber of Council.
Miss Kimberly, Warwick.
John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Curator.
Mrs. Lamb, Warwick.
The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh,
F.Z.S., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President.
George Lloyd, Esq., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham, Vice-President
and Hon. Curator,
The Rev. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy.
Matthew Malcolm, Esq., Kineton.
Mr. Samuel Mallory, Warwick.
Miss Moor, No. 5, Waterloo Place, Leamington.
John Moore, Esq., Warwick.
Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., M.P., Walton, Vice-President.
George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick.
25
Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick.
The Rey. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton.
The Rev. E. St. John Parry, Principal of Leamington College.
William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton.
Owen Pell, Esq., Leamington.
The Rey. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New Square
Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C.
Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near Shipston-
upon Stour, Vice-President.
Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-President.
The Rey.Canon Charles Pilkington,B.C.L.,Stockton,near Southam
George William John Repton, Esq., M.P.
The Rey. James Riddell, M.A., No. 3, Beauchamp Terrace
East, Leamington.
George Thomas Robinson, Esq., F.G.H.S., No. 14, Milverton
Crescent, Leamington, Hon. Curator.
The Rey. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth, Member of Council.
Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street, Leamington.
Colonel Scott, Bagington Hall.
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., M.P., F.S.A., Eatington Park,
near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President.
The Rey. Henry Wilmot Sitwell, M.A., Leamington Hastings,
near Southam.
William Smith, Esq., Warwick.
John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, President.
Miss Strachan, No. 5, Warwick Terrace, Leamington.
Henry Summerfield, Esq., Warwick.
Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace, Leam-
ington, Member of Oouncil.
Sir Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland, Faringdon,
Vice-President,
26
Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Weston-upon-Avon, Hon.
Curator.
The Rey. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator.
Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.S.E., Oakfield, Leaming-
ton, Hon. Ourator.
William Walker, Esq., Warwick.
James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford-upon-
Avon.
*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bedworth.
The Right Honourable Robert John Barnard-Verney, Lord
Willoughby de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President.
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., Woodcote, Leek Wootton, Vice-
President.
Matthew Wise, Esq., Shrublands, Leamington.
The Rey. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash.
1836—1853
1853—1864
1836—I837
1837—1838
1838—1839
1839—1I840
1840—1841
1841—I942
1842—I843
1843—1844
1844—1845
1845—1846
1846—I847
1847—1848
1848—I849
1849—1850
1850—I851
1851—1852
1852—I853
1853—I854
1854—I855
1855—1856
1856—1857
1857—I858
I858—I859
1859—I860
1860—I861
I86I—1862
3862—I863
1863—I864
27
List of Patrons and Presidents.
From 18386 to 1864.
PATRONS.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY RICHARD GREVILLE,
EARL BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK, K.T., LL.D:
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, EARL
BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK.
PRESIDENTS.
CHANDOS LEIGH, ESQ., F.H.S.
SIR JOHN MORDAUNT, BART., M.P.
SIR JOHN EARDLEY EARDLEY WILMOT, BART., M.P., F.R.S.
WILLIAM HOLBECHE, ESQ., F.G.S.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, LORD
BROOKE,
CHARLES HOLTE BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ.
WILLIAM STAUNTON, ESQ.
SIR FRANCIS LAWLEY, BART., F.H.S., F.Z.S.
SIR GRAY SKIPWITH, BART.
SIR JOHN ROBERT CAVE BROWNE CAVE, BART,
THE MOST HONOURABLE SPENCER JOSHUA ALWYNE COMP-
TON, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON, D.C.L., PRESIDENT
R.S., F.S.A., Hon. M.R.1.A., F.G.S,
EVELYN JOHN SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P.
THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH.
SIR THEOPHILUS BIDDULPH, BART.
CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ:
MARK PHILIPS, ESQ.
HENRY CHRISTOPHER WISE, ESQ.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
WALTER HENRY BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ.
CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH, LORD
LEIGH, F.Z.S.
EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P., F.S.A,
THE REV. VAUGHAN THOMAS, B.D.
SIR GEORGE RICHARD PHILIPS, BART.
EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P,
EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P,
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ,
28
The Quarterly General Meetings of the Members of the
Society are held at the Museum.on the First Thursdays in the
months of January, April, July, and October, at One o’clock-
At these meetings, communications on any Branch of Natural
History and Archeology are received and read ; and a Lecture
delivered.—Hach Member can introduce two visitors.
The Meetings of the Council are held Monthly, on the First
Tuesday in the Month, at Half-past One o’clock.
The Museum is open daily from Eleven o’clock to Five be-
tween the First of March and the Thirty-first of October, and
from Ten o’clock to Four between the First of November and
the Last Day of February.
The Annual Subscription for 1863 will become due on
the 24th day of May; and the Council urgently request that
the Subscribers will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at
the Bank of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, War-
wick ; or to Mr, William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of
Subscriptions, Leicester Street, Leamington.
a
q
oy A PP =
MAR 1887
ae
PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK.
$ 388,
WARWICKSHIRE
NATURAL HISTORY
TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT,
' APRIL, 1864.
WARWICK :
| PERRY, PRINTER, NEW STREET & OLD SQUARE.
WARWICKSHIRE
NATURAL HISTORY
ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
ESTABLISHED MAY 24rx, 1836.
N
TWENTYEIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS,
READ AT THE
ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL llth, 1864.
The Council, in presenting their Report to the Members,
congratulate them on the continued prosperity of the
Society.
Numerous and valuable additions have been made to the
Museum and Library, by donation and purchase, during
the past year.
The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arranging
a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and some of
the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small but
judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon
make the entire Geological collection a most valuable and
instructive one, and one of the best out of London. At
present the collections of Natural History and Geology
2
form a good educational medium for all classes, and it is of
the utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency.
Owing to the increase of accomodation upstairs, it is now
hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such acollection
properly, and for the same reason it is much less profitable
than it otherwise would be for all purposes of general
instruction.
| Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, there
are several Formations which are still very defective,
amongst which may be enumerated the following :—The
Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce,
Headon Hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham, London
Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and Lower
Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower Silurian will
be very acceptable. The aid of the members is particularly
requested in procuring fossils from the County, especially
those of the Iuias, Keuper, and Permian, as it should be the
chief aim of all local Museums to have as fine a suite as
possible from the Strata which occur in the immediate
neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire Natural History
Society has endeavoured to carry out.
The collection of minerals is still in the same condition,
and requires complete re-arrangement; and it would be a
great advantage to the Society if some member acquainted
with Mineralogy would either kindly undertake its
re-adjustment or obtain a friend who would do so,
3
The Birds are in excellent order, and form a very
instructive collection.
The Shells, which are a large and valuable series, require
some attention, as many of them have become displaced, A
series of the land and freshwater Shells of Warwickshire
would be an important addition.
The Accounts have been audited, and the General Financial
Statement from March 25th, 1863, to March 25th, 1864, is
appended to this report.
The Museum, now containing a valuable and well-arranged
collection of Natural History, Geology, and Antiquities, as well
as a Library, which, though not extensive, contains many works
of cost and value, is highly creditable to the Town and County
of Warwick, and deserves a much greater amount of support
than it has of late years received. An excellent foundation has
been laid, but much more might be effected if adequate means
were placed at the disposal of the Council.
Owing to the losses, by death, of several subscribers during
the past year, and the small number of additional members, the
funds of the Society are in a much less satisfactory condition than
could be desired. A reference to the list of Subscribers will
show that only a few of the rich and influential people in the
County belong to the Society, and if the Members would solicit
Annual Subscriptions from their friends and neighbours, it is
probable that a considerable addition would be made to the funds
of the Society before the end of the present year.
The Council have much pleasure in stating that the upper
room has now been enlarged and otherwise improved, giving
thereby increased accomodation for specimens, so much needed,
4
which will enable them to make many additions and important
alterations which the crowded state of the rooms rendered
essential, Many members and friends of the Society have
kindly and liberally responded to the circular sent throughout
the County. But, at the same time, the funds are inadequate
and a larger sum is required, which the Council hope may still
be obtained and that many will come forward to aid the Society
to carry out the fresh arrangements for the contemplated
improvements in the Museum.
The Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archzologists’ Field
Club held their Winter Meeting at the Museum, Warwick,
by the kind permission of the Warwickshire Natural
History Society, on the 18th of February, 1863, at Twelve
o’clock. In the absence of the President, the Rev. W.
Johnson delivered the Annual Address,
The Rey. P. B. Brodie, as Vice-President, occupied the
chair, and regretted the absence and resignation of their
late President, and proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Johnson
for his kindness in preparing the Annual Address.
The Vice-President then called upon Mr. Parker to give
his promised Lecture on the “Hyena Den,’ at Wookey
Hole, in Somersetshire, which was followed by a Paper
by the Rey. R. Hudson, “ On the recent progress of Science
in regard to British Land and Freshwater Mollusca.”
A short discussion ensued, in which Messrs. Brodie,
Tomes, Kirshaw, Johnson, and Faulkner took part.
The business of the morning being concluded, the Vice-
President adjourned the Meeting at three o’clock. Some
of the Geologists of the party went to the Gravel Pits at
5
Emscote, to examine the low level drifts, joiming the rest
of the members at the Woolpack, at five o’clock, when
fifteen sat down to dinner, the Vice-President occupying the
chair.
About forty persons attended the morning Meeting,
including members and their friends, and many ladies.
On May the 21st, 1863, the Club met at Nuneaton
The Hon. Sec. being unable to attend, Messrs. Johnson and
Parker were kind enough to furnish him with the following
account of the day’s proceedings :—
On arriving there the Club visited the remains of
the Abbey. The ruins are few, consisting chiefly of the
four piers, which originally supported the tower of the
Nun’s Church. The ornamentation of these piers, as far as
they exist, shew that the church was not devoid of beauty,
and as the foundations of these walls extended westward,
beyond the probable length of a nave, it was conjectured
that the refectory, or some important chamber of the Abbey,
originally occupied this spot.
The grass-grown foundations also shewed a quadrangle
which was probably surrounded by a Cloister. The founda-
tions on the south side were even less perfect, but in all
probability the kitchen and other domestic offices were in
this direction. 9
The documentary evidence of the date of the building is
somewhat imperfect, the monastery, it is true, was founded
as early as King Stephen’s time, but no portions bore any
traces of that early date. Henry II. seems to have been the
chief benefactor to the Nuns, and with the money accruing
6
from the grants which he made of lands, advowsons, &c.,
the expense of building the Monastery was defrayed. The
funds of the Monastery being in a flourishing condition in
the tenth year of Henry IIL, the Church was rebuilt, and
in the twenty-first year of this reign (1237, A.D.), the King
gave ten oaks from Kenilworth. As these were probably for
the roof we may well reckon the date of this Church at
1235-36, with which date the ornamentation and carving
exactly agree.
On leaving Nuneaton the party crossed the new branch-
railway line in process of formation, and mounted the hill
which consists of the lower strata of the carboniferous rocks,
—the Millstone Grit. In following the line of road, several
quarries presented themselves, and the party was fortunate
in discovering, in more than one spot, the greenstone rock,
On nearing Hartshill, especially, some large quarries
presented a band some five or six feet in thickness, the effects
of this trap upon the adjacent rock was in several places
very apparent.
At Hartshill the party visited the ruins of a medixval
Manor House. As was the custom of the time, it was
surrounded by a wall for protection, which remained
tolerably perfect, with the “ xillets” for the Archers.
The site seemed to have been taken advantage of, from a_
natural moat existing on two sides formed by two valleys.
The Chapel was perhaps the only part worthy of much
attention, but this, built on the north wall, was in ruins.
It was very plain, but the style of the mouldings may very
well agree with the first year of Edward the third’s reign,
1327; when we have documentary evidence that John de
7
Hadreshull (from-which the name Hartshill is a corruption)
~ obtained a special license from the Bishop of the Diocese
for a Priest to celebrate Divine Service within his house at
Hadreshull. The wall and the rest of Manor House was
probably built by his Father William de Hadreshull, who
as early as the twenty-first of Edward I. (1293) obtained
free warren of all his demesne lands here.
As a characteristic Manor House of the close of the
thirteenth and beginning of the fourteenth century it was
worthy a visit.
On their return towards Nuneaton several clay pits were
visited, but no fossils found, more time was spent in
examining the ferruginous shales, which in several places
appeared to present traces of either vegetable or animal
remains, but too imperfect to be recognized.
The second Meeting of the season was held at the Craven
Arms, Shropshire, where the party arrived at 11 a.m. on
Monday, 22nd of June, 1863. The members were met by
the Rev. J. La Touche, and W. Jones, Esq., and under the
able guidance of the former, started for Dinchop, to a quarry
of Aymestry-limestone. where only a few fossils were
obtained, Atrypa, Pterinea, Sowerbyi, not a common shell,
and the usual corals. The section was an instructive one,
shewing the relation of this limestone to the Ludlow beds.
Norton was next visited, a well known and interesting
locality, where the Ludlow bone bed is largely developed,
though the chief contents consist of spines and other
portions of the Silurian Crustacean Ceratiocaris; at this
spot, too, fine specimens of Homolonotus Knightii have
been found. ;
8
Proceeding thence to Stoke Wood, crossing a ridge of
Aymestry-limestone, the party stopped at a quarry of lower
Ludlow, where some rare and interesting fossils have been
procured, the rarest was the Acidaspis coronatus,? a tail of
which was found by Mr. Brodie, with Holopella obsoleta
and a pretty Bryozia.
The Botanists ascended View Edge to search for plants,
and obtained the very rare local plant, “ Astrantia Major,”
the only locality, with one exception, where it is known to
occur in England. Some time was spent in examining
Stokesay Castle, a curious old building, which afforded
much interest to the Archeologists.
The next day the same party went by train to Church
Stretton, and proceeded to the Longmynd to examine the
oldest rocks of Shropshire, which consist of dark slates and
grey schists, grits, and conglomerate. These Cambrian
rocks were at one time considered to be unfossiliferous, but
late researches have detected traces of Trilobites and worm
tracks along the Ashes valley and in strata of the same age
in Westmoreland. In Shropshire these bottom rocks are
26,000 feet thick, as determined by the Geological survey.
The walk was continued along the south western spur of the
Longmynd, where, near little Stretton, a bed of Llandovery
sandstone cropped out with Petraia and other usual fossils,
in grits and conglomerates. A section on the Railway of
Caradoc Sandstone, charged with the characteristic fossils
was examined. Ascending the hill to Acton Seott,
commanding a fine view of the adjacent hills, the well
known quarry was searched for fossils but with little
success,
9
Some portions of Phacops conopthalmus, Homolonotus bisul-
catus (characteristic Trilobites), Orthis Actonice, Strophomena
grandis, tenuistriata and elegantula anda species of Fenestella
were met with. Descending to the Onney, the Geologists care-
fully searched the purple shales forming the lowest beds of the
Wenlock group, in which Cheirurus bimucronatus, Encrinurus
punctatus. Orthis biloba, and other fossils occur. The shales
of the adjacent Caradoc sandstone yielded abundant fragments
of Trinucleus concentricus, and Mr. Brodie obtained a beautifully
perfect specimen in its young stage.
On Wednesday, the members went to Ludlow by rail, The
Archeologists visited the Castle, which is beautifully situated
on the banks of the Teme, where Milton wrote ‘Comus’
and Butler ‘ Hudibras” Some time was then spent in inspecting
the local Museum, lately established in the town, and which
contains a fine series of Silurian fossils of the neighbourhood,
well managed and arranged, among which the fine Star fish,
Eucrinites, Trilobites, Eurypterus, and other rarities, from the
upper and lower Ludlow formations, are especially deserving of
notice. In this case, as at Warwick, the aim has been to
illustrate the geology of the district, which has been successfully
carried out.
The Party then drove to Downton Castle, walking through the
beautiful grounds on the banks of the river Teme, the Ludlow rocks
rising up on each side and crowned with rich woods. Passing a
quarry of Aymestry limestone, where some good specimens of
Pentamerus Knightii were procured ; the walk was continued
to Leintwardine, and at Trippleton a lower Ludlow quarry was
examined, consisting of brown flaggy stone, in which, though
rarely, perfect specimens of the Ceratiocaris have been discovered.
Ascending Church hill some time was spent searching the same
10
bed famous for its numerous and well preserved Star fish,
Encrinites, Limulus, and other interesting and rare fossils.
Perhaps in no Silurian locality have so many new and illustrative
forms of life of the period been detected, and it appears by
Mr. Marston’s careful section that certain layers are characterized
by peculiar fossils, many of which, as the Asteride and Limulus,
are not distributed indiscriminately throughout. After dinner at
the village Inn, the party walked up Mocktree hill, where some
extensive quarries afford fine sections of the Aymestry limestone,
an argillaceous band of the Ludlow formation, usually separating
the upper from the lower Ludlow, but owing to numerous faults,
the section is not clearly defined, and Mr, Lightbody, of Ludlow,
who accompanied the Field Club, seemed to doubt the regularity
of the succession here, the strata being much confused and
disturbed. The quarries at this spot have yielded some fine
specimens of Phragmoceras and Lituites giganteus, but none
were obtained on this occasion. The Club was much indebted
to Mr. Lightbody for his effective guidance. On Thursday those
who remained, visited again, for a more careful inspection, the
banks of the Onney, searching the Wenlock shale and Caradoc
sandstone, and obtained from the former some good tails of
Asaphus longicaudatus, rarely found elsewhere, and seldom perfect,
and some Trinuclei from the latter, and the rare Spheerospongia.
The walk was continued to Horderley, where the Caradoc
sandstone presents some instructive sections, being in places
much disturbed, some layers abounding in organic remains : many
fossils were found in the lowest strata near the spur of the
Longmynd in grey shales, which afford Berychix, Trinuclei, and
a new Proetus, a fine specimen of which was found by Mr. Brodie.
It appears to be a rich bed and well worth a careful search.
The strata here was much contorted, being affected, probably,
by the upthrow of the Cambrian rocks of the Longmynd.
11
Friday was the last day for the researches of the Club in this
beautiful country, but not the least instructive. Messrs. Brodie,
Wyles, and La Touche ascended Caer Caradoc. The main
portion of this fine hill is composed of eruptive rocks, which
have altered the Caradoc sandstone on its flank, and from
which the latter dips away at ahigh angle. On the summit
several masses of drift were observed of much interest, with
Caradoc and Ludlow fossils. At the base in one point on the
8.E., some grits cropped out with ‘ Berychia complicata’ and
casts of shells, being the lowest number of this formation below
the Hoar edge grits. The view from the top is remarkably fine,
overlooking the Longmynd with the Stiper stones in the distance,
and other hills in that direction northwards, the long ridge of
Wenlock: edge and the more distant Clee hills rise up as
prominent points in the landscape, the bold character of the
scenery gives it a true mountain aspect, not inferior to Wales,
and other disturbed regions. Caer Caradoc and the adjacent
Lawley present a very peculiar appearance from the valley, and
also from more distant hills. Caer Caradoc is also interesting as
having been the main stronghold of the ancient British chieftain
Caractacus. Walking by Hope Bowdler to Soudley, some time
was spent in the large quarries of Caradoc sandstone similar to
the section at Horderley. In both places it forms a useful and
ornamental building stone, traversed by numerous fossiliferous
bands which contained a species of Trinucleus, distinct from
T. concentricus and a new species of Bellerophon. Some years
since two fine star fish were found here,
The Rey. G. Henslow has kindly furnished the following list
of plants which was obtained during the excursion :-——Ranunculus
philonotis, Ehrh., Acton Scott; Papaver Argemone, Linn,
Church Stretton; Arabis hirsuta, Br., Dinchope; Cardamine
12
amara, Linn, Church Stretton ; Lepidium Smithii, Hook, Church
_ Stretton ; Silene inflata, Sm., Norton, &.; Lychnis diurna, Sibth,
(var: with white, and striped red and white corollas) Acton
Scott, &c.; Arenaria serpyllifolio, Zinn, Acton Scott; Stellaria
glanca, With., Norton; Hypericum pulchrum, Linn, Norton;
Hypericum humifucum, Linn, Norton; Malra moschata, Zinn,
Onibury, &c.; Geranium lundum, Zinn, Church Stretton; Oxalis
Acetosella, Linn, Stokesay Wood; Genista tinctoria, Linn,
Dinchope ; Trifolium pratense, Zinn, (var: with white corollas)
Linn, Dinchope ; Vicia tetrasperma, Mcench, Onibury ; Alchemilla
vulgaris, Linn, Church Stretton: Astrantia major, Linn, Stokesay
Wood ; Asperula odorata, Linn, Stokesay Wood; Valerianella
olitoria, Poll., Church Stretton ; Senecio sylvaticus, Zinn, Acton
Scott; Lithospermum officinale, Zinn, Church Stretton ; Veronica
officinalis, Zinn, Church Stretton; Pedicularis palustris, Linn,
Stokesay; Malamphyrum pratense, Zinn, Norton; Euphorbia
amygdalordes, Linn, Onibury ; Paris quadrifolia, Zinn, Stokesay
Wood; Aspidium Filix-mas, Sn.,Minton ; Asplenium, Filix-femina,
Bernh, Minton; Aplenium Adiantum-nigrum Linn, Norton ;
Viola Lutea*, Caer Caradoc; Pinquicola vulgaris*, Caer Caradoc ;
Erophorum polystychum*, Caer Caradoc.
In addition to the enjoyment of beautiful scenery, the mem-
bers who attended this excursion had an excellent opportunity of
studying the whole of the Silurian system, from the lowest,
Cambrian rocks to the Wenlock limestone, with abundant
instructive sections and characteristic fossils. The previous
visits of the Club to Wenlock and Dudley, Malvern and Bala-
will now enable them to understand the lithological and zoological
characters of the entire group, as well as the physical geography
of the tracts visited. .
* These three plants were found by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
13
On the 25th of August, the Club held their last meeting for the
season, at Dumbleton, in Gloucestershire, having. been’ invited
to Mr. Holland’s, at Dumbleton, House, There. they inspected
a choice collection of*fossils belonging to Miss Holland, among
which the Fish, Sepia, Insect-remains, and Crustacea, from
the upper Lias of the adjacent quarries were particularly worthy of
notice, and among them were some’ rare and unique species.
After partaking of luncheon, kindly provided by Mr. Holland,
the party walked through the pretty grounds to Dumbleton hill,
when the Geologists, including the ladies, set to work to break
up the fish bed, from whence most of the best fossils have been
procured.
The lower lias was nowhere exposed in the ascent, but. the
middle lias was well represented by the marlstone abounding in
fossils, capped by the clays and marls with the included ‘‘ fish
bed” of the upper Lias, which forms the entire portion
of the upper part of the hill, and must be quite 100 feet thick,
and, though occupying a large area in Gloucestershire,
is rarely exposed, and probably reaches its maximum thick-
ness of 300 feet at Cleeve Hill, near Cheltenham. The same
beds are seen at Alderton resting on marlstone, while at Frampton
the latter, much water-worn, is only exposed. These quarries
were all visited by the club, and on Alderton Hill, where the
finest view is obtained, Mr. Brodie gave a brief exposition of
the geology of the district, which included a wide strata-
graphical range, from the great Oolite and Stonesfield slate of the
distant Cotswolds, to the Silurians and Oleni schists of the
Malverns. Unfortunately the weather was too showery to obtain
many fossils from the quarries. The species in the marlstone
consist chiefly of shells, among which were Ammonites, Nautili,
Belemnites, Pholadomya,Modiola, Lima, Pecten, Ostrea, Gryphca,
14
Alaria, Terebratula and Rhynchonella. The upper Lias contains
many ammonites and small shells, both univalves and bivalves,
but the hard limestone, locally termed the “‘ fish bed,” yields
the most interesting suite of fossils, including the remains
of insects (wings, elytra of beetles, &c.), and a perfect dragon-
fly, discovered by Mr. Brodie, Sepia with the ink-bag,
Belemnite with ink-bag and sepiaceous portion, Crustacea and
several species of fish, of which Leptolepis concentricus is the
most common, and Tetragonolepis discus the most scarce. None
of these are of large size, if we except a fine specimen of
Lepidotus, found at Gretton, in Lord Ducie’s collection and a
species of Sauropsis in Miss Holland’s cabinet.
The larger Pachycormi, so characteristic of the upper Lias at
Ilminster, in Somersetshire, are scarcely represented here, but
many species occur in the same stratum at Whitby. Among the
plants the frond of a new species of small fern was the most
interesting.
15
Additions to the Museum and Library.
GEOLOGY.
DONATIONS.
Footsteps in Permian Sandstone of Reptile (Labyrinthodon ?),
Corven, Burwood, near Wolyerhampton. From the Rev. F. Catt,
through the Rey. P. B. Brodie.
Head and tail of Trinucleus concentricus, Caradoc Sandstone, Onny,
Salop.
Lingula plumbia, Llandeilo flags, Shelve, Salop.
Asaphus longicaudatus, Wenlock shale, Onny River, Salop.
Presented by the Rey. P. B. Brodie.
Homolonotus (tail), Woolhope Limestone, Woolhope, Herefordshire.
Presented by the Rev. F. W. Weare.
Cast of Coral, Inferior Oolite, Bath.
Brontes flabillifer, Middle Devonian, Barton.
Ogygia Selwini, Llandeilo flags, Shelve, Salop.
Asaphus Affinis, ditto, Port Madoc, North Wales.
Angclina Sedgwickii, ditto, ditto. ditto.
Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
LIBRARY.
DONATIONS.
Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club. Vol. 6. Part 2.
1864, Presented by the Club.
Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archeological Society.
Vol2. Part 5. 1863. Presented by that Society.
Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool,
52nd Session. 1862-1863. Presented by that Society.
Transactions of the Botanical Society. Vol. 7 Part 3. Presented
by that Society.
16
South Kensington Museum Catalogue of Special Loan Exhibition.
Vol. 1862. Presented by that Society.
PURCHASES.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 3. No. 65 to 75.
Bree, R. C. History of the Birds of Europe. Parts 57 to 62.
Couch, J. A History of the Fishes of the British Island. No. 82 to 42.
Geologist, No. 65 to 76.
Morris, F.O. A Natural History of British Moths. No. 29 to 30.
Paleontographical Society’s Publications :—
British Fossil Echinodermata from the Oolitic Formations. Vol. 2.
Part 1—On the Asteroidea. Supplementary Monograph on
the Mollusca from the Stonesfield Slate, Great Oolite, Forest
Marble, and Cornbrash. 1863.
Popular Science Review. Part 9 to 12.
Ray Society’s Publication :—
Blackwall’s Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Part 2. 1864.
17
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18
DESIDERATA.
BRITISH ORNITHOLOGY.
Order 1. Accipitres, Linn.
Egyptian Vulture, .. .. ..Neophron Percnopterus, (Linn.)
Griffon Vulture, +s ee ++ Gyps fulvus, (Gmet.)
Rough-legged Buzzard, .. ..Archibuteo Lagopus, (Briin.)
Spotted Eagle, .. .. .. ..Aqu‘la nevia, (Gmel.) Mey.
Jer-falcon, .. ee ae «alco Gyrfalco, Linn.
Red-footed Falcon, «s+. «.Linnunculus vespertinus, (Linn.)
Swallow-tailed Kite, .. .-Nauclerus furcatus, (Linn.) Vigors.
Goshawk, .. . AMMO a2. Bie palumbarius, (Linn.) Bechst.
Montagu’s Harrier ++ +. «Circus cinerascens, (Mont.)
Hawk ‘Owl. Sate .-Surnia ulula, (Linn.) Bonap.
Snowy Owl, Eerie specimen, |Nyctea nivea, (Thunb.)
Little Owl, . . ..Athene noctua, (Retz.)
Great- eared Owl, (female, ]_ ..Bubo maximus, Sibb.
Tengmalm’s Owl, BY ae | Nyctale Tengmalmi, (Gmel.) Strickl.
Order 2. Passeres, Cuv.
Alpine Swift, .. .. .. ..Cypselus Melba, (Linn.)
Rollerg.. _“}..« : -Coracias garrula, Linn.
Bee-eater, [British specimen, ]. .Merops Apiaster, Linn,
Dartford Warbler, .. as +. Sylvia undata, (Bodd.)
Garden Warbler, [female,] ..Sylvia hortensis, (Penn.)
Fire-crested Regulus, .. ..Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm.
Plain-crowned Kinglet, .. . Regulus proregulus, (Pall.)
Black Redstart, [Brit. specimen ] Ruticilla tithys, (Scop.)
Blue-throated Warbler, .. ..Cyanecula suecica, (Linn.)
Alpine Accentor, .. .. .-Accentor alpinus, (Gmel.) Bechst.
Crested Tit, wo ee Cee”) So Parus oristaius, Linn.
White Wagtail,.. .. .. .-Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.]
Grey-headed Wagtail, .. ..Motacilla flava, Linn.
Rock Pipit,.. .. .. .. ..-Anthus spinoletta, (Linn.)
Richard’s Pipit,.. .. « «-Anthus Richardi, (Vieill.)
White’s Thrush, .. « «Durdus varius, Horsf.
Rock Thrush. .. .. .. ..Zurdus savatilis, Linn.
Golden Oriole, .. .. ~-. ..Oriolus Galbula, Linn.
Gold-vented Thrush, .. ..Pycnonotus aurigaster, (Vieill.)
Great Ash-coloured Shrike,[fem]Lanius Excubitor, Linn.
Woodchat Shrike, .. .. ..Enneoctonus rufus, (Briss.)
Nutcracker, i . .-Nucifraga caryocatactes, (Linn.) Briss.
Rose-coloured Ouzel, (Brit. spec. ]Pastor roseus, (Linn.) Temm.
Red-winged Starling,..
Mountain Linnet, ..
Cirl Bunting, .. ..
Ortolan Bunting,
Lapland Bunting
Short-toed Lark,
Crested Lark,
Shore Lark,
Parrot Cross-bill, Soa hs
White-winged Cross-bill, ..
19
. -Agelaius pheniceus, (Linn.) Vieill.
. .Fringilla flavirostris, Linn.
. Emberiza Cirlus, Linn.
..Emberiza hortulana, Linn.
..Plectrophanes lapponicus, (Linn.) Selb.
.-Alauda brachydactyla, Temm.
.. Alauda cristata, Linn.
. -Otocoris alpestris, (Linn.)
. Loxia pityopsittacus, Bechst.
. .Loaia leucoptera, Gmel.
Order 8. Scansores, Ill.
American Cuckoo, ..
Great Spotted Cuckoo,
--Coccyzus americanus, (Linn.)
..Oxylophus glandarius, (Linn.)
Order 4. Columbs, Lath.
Rock Dove ..
Passenger Pigeon,
.. Columba Livia, Briss.
..Ectopistes migratorius, (Linn.) Swains.
Order 5. Gallinz, Linn,
Barbary Partridge, .. ..
Andalusian Hemipode,
Virginian Colin,..
..Caccabis petrosa, (Lath.)
..Turniz gibraltaricus, (Gmel.) Gould.
.. Ortyz virginianus, (Linn.) Gray.
Order 6. Struthiones, Lath.
Great Bustard,
Little Bustard ..
. Otis tarda, Linn.
. Otis tetrax, Linn.
Order 7. Gralla, Linn.
Great Plover, F 5
Cream-coloured Courser, . ‘
Kentish Plover,..
Crane, . Ae ;
Great White Herdns: A
- Egret, [British specimen, ]
Squacco Heron,.. .. ..
Buff-backed Heron .. ..
American Bittern. .. ..
Spoon-bill,.. .. .. .
White Stork, .. .. ..
. Cidicnemus crepitans, Temm.
..Cursorius gallicus, (Gmel.)
.. Charadrius cantianus, Lath.
..Grus cinerea, Bechst.
.. Ardea alba, Gmel.
.. Ardea Garzetta, Linn.
.. Ardea comata, Pall.
. Ardea coromanda, Bodd.
. Botaurus lentiginosus, Mont,
. Platalea leucorodia, Linn.
. .Ciconia alba, Briss.
Black Sigtk, | .a- oe UO aly Soe
Spotted Redshank, 4
Wood Sandpiper, .. ..
Avocet, >.
Black- winged Stilt, 2
Buff-breasted Sandpiper, . aoe
Broad-billed Sandpiper, ..
Schinz’s Sandpiper, ..
Pectoral Sandpiper, ..
Brown Snipe,
Sabine’s Snipe, ..
Red-necked Phalarope,
Baillon’s Crake,..
Little Crake,
Order 8,
Spur-winged Goose, ..
Common Wild Goose,
White-fronted Goose,
Pink-footed Goose,
Bernicle Goose,.. y
Red-breasted Goose,..
Polish Swan, 7
Whistling Swan,
Bewick’s Swan, ..
American Swan,
Ruddy Shieldrake,
American Wigeon,
Bimaculated Duck,
Gadwall, ..
Red-crested Whistling Duck, «
Scaup Pochavrd,. 2
Ferruginous Duck,
Harlequin Garrot,
Long-tailed Hareld,
Steller’s Western Duck,
King Duck,.. .. “
Surf Scoter,
Red-breasted Merganser,..
Hooded Merganser, .
Red-necked Grebe, ..
Sclavonian Grebe,
Great Auk,.. Spates
Manx Shearwater, .. .. .
Cinereous Shearwater, ..
Wilson’s Petrel,..
Fork-tailed Petrel,
Bulwer's Petrel,..
Buffon’s Skua, ..
.. Thalassidroma Bulweri,
.Stercorarius cephus, (Briinn.)
20
-Ciconia nigra, Bechst.
-. Totanus stagnalis, Bechst.
-.Totanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm,
. .Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn.
.-Himantopus candidus, Bonn,
.Tringa rufescens, Vieill.
-Lringa platyrhyncha Jom:
-Tringa Schinzit, Bre
- Tringa pectoralis, Say.
--Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach.
--Gallinago Sabini, (Vigors.)
. -Phalaropus hyperboreus, (Linn.) Cuvier.
.- Ortygometra pygmea, (Naum.)
..-Ortygometra minuta, (Pall),
Anseres, Linn.
..Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph.
.. Anser ferus, Gesn.
..Anser erythropus, (Linn.) Flem.
--Anser brachyrhynchus, Baill.
.-Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) Steph.
. Bernicla rujficollis,
.- Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrel.
. Cygnus ferus, Ray.
-- Cygnus minor, Pall.
. Cygnus americanus, Sharpless.
--Casarka rutila, (Pall.)
.-Mareca americana, (Gmel.) Steph.
3 eee bimaculata, (Penn.)
- Chaulelasmus strepera, (Linn.)
Pall.) Steph.
-Branta rufina, (Pall.) Boie.
.-Fuligula Marila, (Linn.) Steph.
. -Nyroca leucophthalma, (Bechat,) Flem.
.-Clangula histrionica, (Linn.) Steph,
..Harelda glacialis, (Paty Leach.
..Eniconetta Stelleri, (Pall.)
. .Somateria spectabilis, (Linn.) Steph:
.-Oidemia perspicillata, (Linn.) Steph.
.-Mergus Serrator, Linn.
. Mergus cucullatus, Linn.
.-Podicepsgrisegena, (Bodd.) Lath.
--Podiceps cornutus, (Gmel.) Lath.
.-Alca impennis, Linn.
-Pufinus Anglorum, Ray.
. -Puffinus cinereus, Gmel,
..Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl.
.. Thalassidroma Leachii, Gress .)
J. &§.) Gould.
-
Common Skua, ..
Glaucous Gull, .. .,.
Iceland Gull,
Little Gull,..
Sabine’s Gull,
Ivory Gull,..
Caspian Tern, .
Gull-billed Tern,
Sandwich Tern,..
Roseate Tern, ..
White-winged Black Tern,
Black Noddy, o
21
.- Stercerarius catarrhactes, Linn.
. Juarus glaucus, Brin.
. Larus leucopterus, Faber.
. Larus minutus, Pall.
->aema Sabini, Leach.
. -Pagophila eburnea, (Gmel.) Kaup.
. Sterna caspia, Pall.
. Sterna anglica, Mont,
se Sivas cantiaca, Gmel.
. Sterna paradisea, Briin.
..Hydrockelidon nigra, {Linn.)
.. Anous stolidus, (Linn.) Catesby.
22
Otticers of the Society,
1864-65.
PATRON.
Tur Ricut HoNoURABLE THE HARL oF WARWICK.
PRESIDENT.
RicHARD GREAVES, Esq.
.VICE- PRESIDENTS.
Tue Richt HonovRABLE THE EARL oF AYLESFORD.
Cartes HoLtE BRACEBRIDGE, Esq.
Watter Henry BRAcEBRIDGE, Esq.
Toe Ricut HonovrasLeE Lorp DoRMER.
CHARLES FETHERSTON-DILKE, Esq.
Epwarp GREAVES, Esq., M.P.
Tae Ricut HonouraBLE Lorp Lercn, F.Z.S.
GrorcEe Lioyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S.
Srr Cuartes Morpavunt, Bart., M.P.
Sir GrorcE Ricuarp Pures, Bart.
Marx Pururs, Esa.
Evetyn Pamir Suietey, Esq., M.P., F.S.A.
JoHN STAUNTON, Esq.
Srr _Rosert GrorcE THRocKMoRTON, Bart.
Tae Ricut Honovraste Lorp WitiovcHsy DE BRoxe.
Henry CuristopHer Wiser, Eso.
HONORARY SECRETARIES.
Tar Rev. Perer Bexviwerr Brovis, M.A., F.G.S.
Jonuy Wiiu1am Kirsnaw, F.G.S.
23
HONORARY CURATORS.
Eeologn and Mineralogy.
The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S. | JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G,S. | R. F. TOMES, Esq, F.Z.S
Potany.
FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq., F.B:S.E.
Zoology.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esq.,F.Z.S.
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A.
Archwology.
MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esq. | JOHN FETHERSTON, Jen., Esq., F.S.A.
W. B. DICKINSON, Esq., M.R.C.S. GEORGE T. ROBINSON, Esg., F.G.H.S.
+
Hibrary.
H, BLENKINSOP, Esa., F.B.C.S. Eng. | C. D. GREENWAY, Esq.
TREASURER.
EDWARD GREAVES, Esq., M.P.
AUDITOR.
KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esq.
COUNCIL.
The PATRON. THOMAS COTTON, Esq.
The PRESIDENT. MAJOR GENERAL JOHN H. FREER.
The VICE-PRESIDENTS. RICHARD GREAVES, Esq.
The HONORARY SECRETARIES. KELYNGE GREENWAY, Ese:
The HONORARY CURATORS. JAMES COVE JONES, Esg, F.S.A.
The TREASURER, The REV. EDMUND ROY, M.A.
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Ese. THOMAS THOMSON, Esq. M.D.
The REV. T. J. CARTWRIGHT. THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Ese.
The REV. E. THORNTON CODD, M.A. | P. 0. CALLAGHAN, Esq., B.A.
The REV. BERDMORE COMPTON, M.A.
24
Hist of atlembers,
1 S64.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Tue Rev. Apam Sepewicsr, B.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of
Cambridge, §c.
Rozsert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F-R.SS.L. & E., F.R.C.P.E.,
FE.LS., F.G.8., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy
and Zoology at the University College, London, §c., Grafton
Place, Euston Square, London.
Joun Pururrrs, Hsq., M.A., F.RSi, F.G.S., Deputy Reader
in Geology, and Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in the
University:of Oxford, §c., Magdalen Bridge, Oxford.
Jonn Conotty, D.C.L., M.D.,, E.R.C.P., late Professor of
the Nature and Treatment of Diseases at the University
College, London, §c., Lawn House, Hanwell, Middlesex.
LinvutTENANt-CoLonEL WiniiaAM-Heyry Syxzs, M.P., F.RS.
V.LS., F.G.S., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde Park, London.
Samuet Bracu, Esq,, Assistant Keeper of Antiquities, British:
Museum.
Apert Way, Esq, M.A, F.S.A.,. Hon.. See. ofthe British;
Axgcheological. Institute,, Corr. Mem: ofthe ‘* Comité des
Arts et Monuments,” Wonham, near, Reigate, Surrey.
25
MEMBERS.
THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS.
The Right Honourable Heneage Finch, Earl of Aylesford,
Packington Hall, Vice-President.
W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington.
Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick.
Rey. Charles Bickmore, D.D., Hill House, Warwick.
William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington.
Henry Blenkinsop, Esq., F.R.C.S. Eng., F.R.M.C.S., Warwick,
Hon. Curator.
Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator.
George Fowler Bodington, M.R.C.S., Eng., Kenilworth.
*Charles Holte Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice-
President.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq.. Moreville House, Sherbourne,
Vice-President.
The Rey. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Rowington,
Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator.
Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke and
Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron.
William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick. Member of Council.
Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrook Grange, near Rugby.
The Rey. Thomas Garden Carter, M.A.
The Rev. Theodore John Cartwright, Preston Bagot, Member
of Council.
Robert Lucas Chance, Esq., Summerfield House, near Bir-
mingham.
26
W. H. Childe, Esq., Alveston.
P. O. Callaghan, Esq., B.A., Leamington.
Mrs. Lucas Calcraft, Leamington.
Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick.
The Rey. Edward Thornton Codd, M.A., Tachbrooke, Member
of Council.
The Rev. Berdmore Compton, M.A., Barford, Member of
Council.
Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick.
Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth, Member
of Council,
William Binley Dickinson, Esq., M.R.C.S., M.N.S., No. 5,
Lansdowne Circus, Leamington, Hon. Curator.
The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord Dormer,
Grove Park, Vice-President.
James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey.
John Fetherston, Jun., Esq., F.S.A., Packwood House, Hockley
Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator.
Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq., Maxstoke Castle, near Coleshill,
Vice-President
Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Clifton Villa, Leam
Terrace, Leamington, Member of Council.
Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill.
John Goodhall, Esq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick.
*Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P., Avonside, Barford, Vice-Presi-
dent and Treasurer.
Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House, Warwick, President.
Miss Greenway, Warwick.
Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Charles Durnford Greenway, Esq., Hon. Curator.
The Rey. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, Leamington.
The Rey. William Thomas Hadow, M.A., Haseley.
es
27
Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, London, W.C.
Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick.
William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon.
Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M.R.CS., Warwick.
The Rey. Thomas Jackson, Hatton.
The Rev. John Jameson, M.A., High Street, Warwick.
The Rev. Francis Ellis Jervoise, M.A., No. 7, Euston Place,
Leamington.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F'.S.A., M.N.S., Loxley House, Afem-
ber of Council.
Miss Kimberly, Warwick.
John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary and
Hon. Curator.
Mrs. Lamb, Warwick.
The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh,
-F.Z.S., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President.
George Lloyd, Esq., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham, Vice-President
and Hon, Curator.
The Rey. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy.
Major Machen, Leamington.
Mr. Samuel Mallory, Warwick.
Miss Moor, No. 5, Waterloo Place, Leamington.
John Moore, Esq., Warwick.
Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., M.P., Walton, Vice-President.
George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick.
Phillip William Newsam, Esq, Warwick.
The Rey. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton.
The Rey. E. St. John Parry, Principal of Leamington College.
William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton.
Owen Pell, Esq., Leamington.
The Rey. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New Square,
Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C.
28
Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near Shipston-
upon Stour, Vice-President.
Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-President.
George William John Repton, Esq., M.P.
The Rey. James Riddle, M.A., No. 3, Beauchamp Terrace
East, Leamington.
George Thomas Robinson, Esq., F.G.H.S., Leamington, Hon.
Ourator.
The Rey. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth, Member of Gouncil.
Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street, Leamington.
The Honourable Colonel Scott, Bagington Hall.
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., M.P., F.S.A., Eatington Park,
near Stratford-upon-Ayon, Vice-President.
The Rey. Henry Wilmot Sitwell, M.A., Leamington Hastings,
uear Southam.
William Smith, Esq., Warwick.
John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Oouncil.
Henry Summerfield, Esq., Warwick.
Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace, Leam-
ington, Member of Couneil.
Sir Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland, Faringdon,
Vice-President.
Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Welford, near Stratford-
on-Ayon, Hon. Curator.
The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator.
Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F'.B.S.E., Oakfield, Leam-
ington, Hon. Curator.
William Walker, Esq., Warwick.
James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford-upon-
Avon.
*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bedworth.
29
The Right Honourable Robert John Barnard-Verney, Lord
Willoughby de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President.
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., Woodcote, Leek Wootton.
Vice-President. ;
Matthew Wise, Esq., Shrublands, Leamington.
Sir Trevor Wheler, Bart., Leamington.
Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby.
The Rey. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash.
1836—1853
1853—1865
1836—1837
1§37—1838
1838—I839
1839—1840
1840—1841
1841—1842
1842—1843
1843—1844 |
1844—1845
1845—1846
1846—1847
1847—1845
1848—1849
1849—1850
1850—1851
1851—1852
1852—1853
1853—1854
1854—1855
1855—1856
1856—1857
1857—1858
1858S—1859
1859—1860
1S60—1861
1861—1862
1862—1] 863
1863—1864
1864—1865
30
Hist of Patrons and Presidents,
From 1836 to 1865.
PATRONS.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY RICHARD GREVILLE,
EARL BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK, K.T., LL.D.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, EARL
BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK.
PRESIDENTS.
CHANDOS LEIGH, ESQ., F.H.S.
SIR JOHN MORDAUNT, BART., M.P.
SIR JOHN EARDLEY EARDLEY WILMOT, BART., M.P., F.RB.S.
WILLIAM HOLBECHE, ESQ, F GS.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, LORD
BROOKE.
CHARLES HOLTE BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ.
WILLIAM STAUNTON, ESQ.
SIR FRANCIS LAWLEY, BART., F.H.S., F.Z.S.
SIR GRAY SKIPWITH, BART.
SIR JOHN ROBERT CAVE BROWNE CAVE, BART.
THE MOST HONOURABLE SPENCER JOSHUA ALWYNE COMP-
TON, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON, D.C.L., PRESIDENT
R.S., F.S.A., Hon. M.B.I.A., F.G.S.
EVELYN JOHN SHIRLEY, ESQ:, M.P.
THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH.
SIR THEOPHILUS BIDDULPH, BART.
CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ.
MARK PHILIPS, ESQ.
HENRY CHRISTOPHER. WISE, ESQ.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
WALTER HENRY BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ.
CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH, LORD
LEIGH, F.Z.S.
EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P., F.S.A.
THE REV. VAUGHAN THOMAS, B.D. ‘
SIR GEORGE RICHARD PHILIPS, BART.
EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P.
EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ.
—_—
31
The Meetings of the Council are held Monthly, on the
First Tuesday in the Month, at Half-past One o’clock.
The Museum is open daily from Eleven o’clock to Five
between the First of March and the thirty-first of October,
and from Eleven o'clock to Four between the First of
November and the last day of February.
The Annual Subscription for 1864 are due on the
24th day of May; and the Council urgently request
that the Subscribers will cause them to be paid to the
Treasurer, at the Bank of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and
Greenways, Warwick; or to Mr. William Delatour
Blackwell, the Collector of Subscriptions, Leicester Street,
Leamington.
; =
\ he
Gress
SW ai says
PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK.
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4 ee ets Pree UR Pes sof
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wll a ee OS Pe. -- % wy han ie
rw Fy 9 we ¥; , ; §
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3% nent Rod} ut % .
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Bere oyit ut kdplo'g natin ey ao ek candap il oh 2 :
ey iitalog ‘Mosul its ttt Biss fond to deci IE 3 ae
nod to -pautadl onk: ae HO =0% Gh Avose'o cavaiel ‘ins...
ia ee Sptadshfo'l Toe ab dapboslf fia vedo
ont 00 Ei HF LOBE. xct copebeieo nef fi
aarp: “Citas ‘Hoidhars. He hae. shin “Ae ee yi.
aif! o) Htaepad, of clagt Shuid Hi exsdtrowdoeh: oat Aelia
Gen absieat erin anaes to alert ad? des: psruranglte
aad: eth ait a a? pbhinwy arena
AN? xpacvole dL ecbiigitonda? tors <otostfoD oul BL
WARWICKSHIRE
NATURAL HISTORY
AND
ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
ESTABLISHED MAY 24tx, 1836.
TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS,
READ AT THE
ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 21, 1865.
———
The Council, in presenting their report to the members,
congratulate them on the continued prosperity of the
Society.
_ Numerous and valuable additions have been made to
the Museum and Library, by donation and purchase,
during the past year.
The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arranging
a, portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and some of
the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small but
judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon
make the entire Geological collection most valuable and
instructive, and one of the best out of London. At present
the collections of Natural History and Geology form a
good educational medium for all classes, and it is of the
9
utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency.
The Council record with pleasure a visit lately paid to the
Museum by Professor Owen, who expressed a high opinion
of its general arrangement and the importance and value
of its contents.
Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than
itis at present. It is impossible to arrange such a collection
properly, and for the same reason it is much less profitable
than it otherwise would be for all purposes of general
instruction.
Though some of the desiderata have been filled up,
there are several Formations which are still very defec-
tive, amongst which may be enumerated the following :—
The Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes,
Sconce, Headon hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham.
~ London Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and
Lower Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower
Silurian will be very acceptable. The aid of the mem-
bers is particularly requested in procuring fossils from the
County, especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian,
as it should be the chief aim of all local Museums to have
as fine a suite as possible from the strata which occur in
the immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out.
The Minerals have been, to some extent, re-arranged,
through the kindness of Dr. Procter, of York, though
much is still required to be done. Indeed, the specimens
'
git eedil
=e
3
are generally of an inferior kind, and the entire collection
might be. greatly improved by donations from any mem-
bers interested in mineralogy.
“The Birds are in excellent order, and form a very
instructive collection, and several valuable specimens
have been lately secured. At page 16 it will be seen
what additional British Birds are needed.
The Shells, which are a large and valuable series, require
some attention, as many of them have become displaced,
and want, in many instances, re-naming. Sir David Bar-
clay has kindly promised to put the whole in better order,
and add desiderata from his own fine collection. A series
of the land and freshwater Shells of Warwickshire would
be an important addition.
The Accounts have been audited, and the General
Financial Statement from March 25th, 1864, to March
25th, 1865, is appended to this report.
‘The Museum, now containing a valuable and_ well-
atranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and
Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not ex-
tensive, contains many works of cost and value, is highly
creditable to the Town and County of Warwick, and
deserves a much greater amount of support than it has
of late years received. An excellent foundation has been
daid, but much more might be effected if adequate means
were placed at the disposal of the Council.
_ Owing to the losses, by death, of several subscribers
during the past year, and the small number of additional
members, the funds of the Society are in a much less
4
satisfactory condition than could be desired. A reference
to the list of Subscribers will show that only a few of the
rich and influential people in the County belong to the
Society, and if the Members would solicit Annual Sub-
scriptions from their friends and neighbours, it is probable
that a considerable addition would be made to the funds
of the Society before the end of the present year.
The Council have much pleasure in stating that the
upper room has now been enlarged and otherwise im-
proved, giving thereby increased accommodation for speci-
mens, so much needed, and will enable them to make
many additions and important alterations which the
crowded state of the rooms rendered essential. Mr.
Dickenson has been good enough to arrange the Arche-
ological Collection now removed up stairs. The mammalia
have been placed in proper order by Mr. Tomes, and
several important additions have been made to them
during the past year.
The Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archeologists’ Field
Club held their annual Winter Meeting (by the kind per-
mission of the Council of the Warwickshire Natural History
Society) in the Museum, Warwick, on Monday, February
the 8th, 1864. P. Wykeham Martin, Esq., M.P., the
President, took the chair, and read the usual annual
Address.
The Rev. G. Henslow then proceeded to deliver a lecture
on ‘Botanical Geography, with special reference to the
distribution of the British Flora.”
On Tuesday, May 24th, the Warwickshire Naturalists’
and Archxologists’ Field Club held their first meeting for
5
the summer at Broadway in Worcestershire. Arriving
there soon after ten o’clock a.m. the members were met at
the “Bell” by Mr. Beadles, a member of the Worcester.
shire Field Club, who kindly accompanied them as their
guide to all the most interesting spots in the immediate
neighbourhood. Ascending the hill, a small cutting at-
tracted the attention of the Geologists, and as it exhibited
thé sandy ‘and highly fossiliferous beds immediately below
the marlstone, rarely exposed, it was well worth a detailed
examination. The Secretary observed that he had only
déén these beds’at Churchdown hill, in Gloucestershire, at
Dursley, in the same County, and at Avon Dassett, in
Warwickshire, in all of which places they are highly
fossiliferous. At Broadway the fossils noted were Phola-
domya, Belemnites, Terebratula, Ammonites, Plicatula,
and Avicula... This.was the only spot in the ascent wheie
the Liias could be seen, nor was the Marlstone or upper
Lias anywhere exposed before reaching the Oolite, though
it must be of considerable thickness.
On the top of the hill a pause was made to look at the
fine view overlooking a rich vale, from which the Liassic
outliers of Stanley and Dumbleton. hills stand forth, with
the more distant hill of Bredon, the Malverns and May
hill anticlinal. Several quarries. of inferior Oolite were
visited, consisting of the upper and lower Freestone, the
latter affording the building stone, as at Birdlip and
Cleeve, near Cheltenham, but no Pisolite or Oolite Marl
as at the latter places. Scarcely any fossils were to be
found in it except some Terebratula, Rhynchonellez, and
one specimen of Hyboclypus agariciformis, and a few
minute Univalves.
6
The absence of organic remains renders it a more valu-
able stone for building, and it has the advantage of being
readily worked when first quarried, but hardening on
exposure to the air. It is of a more uniform yellow
colour than the equivalent beds of the more southern
Cotswolds.
Higher up, on the summit of the hill, these freestones
are overlaid by the ragstones, in which fossils.were far
more abundant, among which the following may be noted,
fragments of Ammonites, a Nautilus, Belemnites. brevis,
Ostrea Marshii, Corbula, Astarte excavata, Gervillia.
Hartmanni, Serpule, casts of Trigonia costata, and a
large species of Cucullea in fragments, but no Gryphites
were observed.
Crossing the fields, towards Campden House, in ‘the
descent the clays and shales of the upper Lias were observed
containing Ammonites communis and Inoceramus dubius,
apparently highly fossiliferous, but no quantity of the clay
could be got at. Large masses of Oolite had fallen down
hereabouts and filled up hollows in the upper Lias,
occurring at a much lower level owing to this slip or sub-
sidence. A few blocks of the top beds of the lower or
middle Lias, full of fossils similar to those in the Rail-
way cutting at Campden, and Hewlett’s hill, near Chel-
tenham, were seen below, but no section was exposed. A
very pretty walk along the brow of the hill led the party
to the back of the “ Bell,” where they dined.
As no botanists were present, and. no archxological
objects of interest presented themselves, the. day. was
devoted to Geology and the enjoyment of the picturesque
scenery of the neighbourhood.
7
On Monday, June 20th, the Club met at Cleobury
Mortimer, Shropshire. Arriving at nine p.m. they were
hospitably entertained at supper by Weaver Jones, Hsq.,
the only local Geologist. On Tuesday, after breakfasting
. with the Rev. S. Lowndes, he kindly drove the party to
Farlow, where, in company with the Rev. J. Williams, the
Rector, they examined the famous quarry of yellow sand-
stone, the upper part of the old Red Sandstone, and the
equivalent of the beds at Dura Den, in Scotland. Though
not very successful, they discovered a tooth and scale of
Holoptychius, and two imperfect portions of the body of
the new British Pterichthys, the only locality in England
where it has been met with. It is uncertain whether it
oceurs’in a particular bed which after careful search could
not be met with in situ, or whether it occurs indiscriminately
throughout the more solid blocks of stone, which forms a
’ tolerably good material for building. The strata at the
pit are somewhat, though only slightly, disturbed, but
ascending the hill, the junction beds with the Mountain
limestone were exposed, dipping at a high angle conformable
to the Old Red.
Proceeding thence to Oreton, some time was spent in
examining the fine sections of Mountain limestone, which
forms a continuous anticlinal ridge for some distance, with
the Old Red on one side, and the Carboniferous on the
other. The Mountain limestone is much faulted and
disturbed, hence the dip is very irregular; in places the
strata are nearly vertical, especially in an old quarry near
Farlow Church, but in others are very little inclined, even
in the same section. Corals and shells abound, but the
species seem to be limited, and neither so numerous nor
8
well preserved as in other places, but this limestone. is
chiefly famous for its fine and abundant remains of
Cestraciont fishes, consisting of palatal teeth and. spines,
in fine preservation, which are fully illustrated in Mr.
Jones’ choice and extensive collection.
Returning to Farlow, the Club, including several ladies
and members of the Severn Valley Field Club, sat down
to an al fresco luncheon, kindly provided by Mr. Lowndes.
Here the Rev. W. Purton gave a detailed. geological,
description of the district, with which he is well acquainted,
and Mr. Brodie pointed out the numerous lines of basaltic
upthrow of the Clee hills, the more distant Wrekin, the
Clent hills, and the other older plutonic outbursts of the
Malverns, and the country adjacent to the Longmynd. An
upheaval of greenstone also occurs in a small ridge lying
between Oreton and Wyre Forest.
After luncheon, the Warwickshire Club ascended the
Titterstone Clee, which commands one of the finest and
most extensive views in the district, commanding the
whole of the Silurians round Ludlow, Caer Caradoc, and
the Longmynd, the intervening old Red Sandstone being
well marked by the red colour of the soil. The slopes of
the hill consist of the Millstone grit and coal, which is
worked at. several places, the shafts being sunk through
the trap which has thrown up the coal measures bursting
through them at a central point in the hill, and having
overflowed on the top; forming altogether a most striking
and instructive section,—perhaps one of the most remark-
able of the kind in the country. The basalt is scattered
about in all directions on the summit and slope of the
hill, and has assumed an imperfect columnar column
when cooling.
9
On Wednesday, the members walked to the Coal pits on
Clee hill, where a few plants were collected, but rarely well
preserved, owing to the brittle nature of the shales and
under clays which contain them in abundance. The Coal
itself appears to be of rather an inferior quality. The view
from this side of the hill is very fine, looking over Wyre
Forest, the Abberley, Malvern, and Clent hills, towards
Wolverhampton and Dudley. The Old Red is again
readily traced by the colour of the soil occupying the
lower ground towards Cleobury, beyond which the Car-
boniferous series again comes in.
On Thursday, the Club, under Mr. Lowndes’ guidance,
walked along the new line of railway towards Bewdley to
examine the sections of the coal measures there exposed,
which presented many points of interest, especially at one
spot, which led to an animated discussion between the
Geologists. Here and there thin bands of coal were
present, with shales, clays, ironstone, and thickly embedded
sandstones. Very few fossils were procured, the most
noticeable being Calamites and Sigillaria, and a fine
impression of Lepidodendron with the attached bark con-
verted into coal.
Arriving at Far Forest Rectory, some refreshment was
kindly provided by the Rev. J. Lea, the Incumbent. From
this spot a good view of Wyre Forest was obtained, being
situated near the centre. Returning to Cleobury, a good
section of Old Red Sandstone was examined about a mile
from the Town. No fossils were observed, but the white,
fine-grained sandstone affords an excellent and beautiful
building stone.
10
Many interesting plants were collected by Mr. Henslow
and Mr. Cooke, and the former has kindly furnished the
annexed list.
Ranunculus hederaceus, near Coal mines; Viola lutea,
Clee hills; Hypericum pulchrum, Clee hills; Hypericum
humifusum, on Clee hills; Erodium cicutarium, Cleobury
Mortimer; Geranium columbinum, Cleobury Mortimer ;
Geranium pheum, Farlow; Geranium sylvaticum, Meadow
near Cleobury ; Ornithopus perpusillus, near Bewdley
Station ; Trifolium arvense, near Bewdley Station ; Vicia -
sylvatica, Cleobury; Orobus tuberosus, Cleobury; Genista
tinctoria, Meadow by railway; Knautia arvensis, var:
prolific, Meadow by railway; Jasione montana, Clee hills;
Melaupyrum pratense, var: album, near Railway; Veronica
sylvatica, near Railway; Pyrola media; Marubrium
vulgare, by Bewdley Station ; Montia fontana, near Coal
Mines ; Callitriche platycarpa, near Coal Mines; Orchis
pyramidalis, near Oreton; Habenaria bifolia, near Oreton;
Habenaria chloranthra, near Oreton; Juncus squarrosus,
Clee hills; Carex muricata, above Oreton (on the common);
C. stallaris, above Oreton; Poa rigida, Oreton Quarries ;
Triodia decumbens, Cleobury; Aira precox, Clee hills;
Aira caryophylla, Clee hills; Nardus strictus, Clee hills ;
Polypodium vulgare, Clee hills; Polypodium dryopteris,
near Farlow; Lastrea oreopteris, Clee hills; Lastrea Felix
mas, Clee hills; Athyrium Felix femina; Clee hills;
Asplenium Adiantum nigrum, Clee hills; Botrychium
lunaria, common above Oreton.
Messrs. Roberts and Morris give the following list of fossil
fish remains from the Mountain limestone of Oreton, which
consist chiefly of Palates and spines of great size.
F i
Chomatodus cinctus. Cochliodus contortus.
‘ linearis. magnus ? ng
Ctenacanthus brevis. striatus ? as
F °
major. n. 8: 7,
tenuistriatus. Deltodus n. s. z
D. 8. a
=
Ctenopetalus serratus. Helodus didymus. 4
levissimus. =
c ‘ < “
Orodus einctus. mamillaris. So
ramosus. subteres. | 3
ces
Psammodus Goughii.
: porosus. Pristicladodus Goughii(tooth) |
Among the shells are Spirifere and Rhynchonelle,
which are the most abundant, but the species are few.
Discina nitida, Productus, Enonphalus peutan gulatus,
and rarely Conularia; of Trilobites portions only of
Phillipsia mucronata ; of Bryozoa are Fenestrella plebeia
and Morrisii. Vincularia megastoma.
Of Crinoids the genera Poteriocrinus gracilis ; Cyatho-
crinus macrocheirus and quinquangularis ; chiefly stems
and plates, the only portion of a head with attached stem
occurring in Mr. Jones’ cabinet. The above and other
fossils from Oreton are well represented in his fine
collection.
The stone is exceedingly hard, and the fossils very
difficult to extract in consequence.
The Warwickshire Naturalists’ Field Club held their
third and last summer meeting at Dudley, on August 8rd,
to meet the Dudley Field Club. After examining the ruins
12
of the Castle, they visited the Museum lately established,
the old one having disappeared, and judging from the
present fine collection of local fossils, it bids fair to establish
a well-merited notoriety. The local collection of fossils
from the Wren’s nest, containing some choice and rare
Encrinites and Trilobites are well worthy of attention.
Taking the route by Windmill hill to the Wren’s nest, the
members were able to trace out the western portion of the
Coal field, and the bosses of the Greenstone in that direc-
tion, the most noticeable of which is that at Barrow hill.
Near Parkes Hall and the water-works certain shale beds,
with numerous fossils, were examined, and a valve of the
rare “‘Chiton Grayii” was discovered. The local Geologists
were of opinion that these shales belong to the Lower ,
Ludlow series, from the prevalence of certain forms which
characterize that portion of the Silurians, though inter-
mingled with others which also occur in the Wenlock
limestone and upper Ludlow. Attention was also drawn
to some interesting faults by which the limestone is cut off
to the North West. Arriving at the southern end of the
Silurian dome, the fine section of the well known Dudley
limestone were carefully examined and numerous charac-
teristic fossils especially Corals, were procured. Returning
by the Old Park, a halt was made to examine the Ludlow
beds, lately thrown out by some new sinkings now in
progress, and a rich harvest of organic remains might have
been reaped if time could have been spared to give them a
careful examination.
13
Anditions to the Museum and Hibrary.
GEOLOGY.
DONATIONS.
(Eucrinurus punctatus. Presented by the Rev. E.
Spooner.
peer Cheirurus bimucronatus. Ditto, ditto.
Silurian, | Cyphaspis migalops. Ditto, ditto.
(Wenlock 4 Acidaspis coronatus (tail). Presented by — Maughan,
Limestone,) | Esq,
ape Se Phacops Stokesil. Ditto, ditto:
{ Proetus latifrons. Ditto, Rev. E. Spooner.
} fAvicula,n.s. Oxford Clay, Staverton, Wilts. 7
| Lima rustica. Lias, near Gloucester.
| Gyrtolites. Lower Ludlow, Dudley.
Terebratula digona. Great Oolite, Northampton-
shire.
Gervillia lavis. Lias, Cheltenham. Presented
4 Echinus granulosus. Green Sand, Wilts. ~ by:the
Pectunculus umbonatus. Ditto, Blackdown. Rey. Be B.
Lingula mimima. Ludlow beds, Ludlow. Brodie.
Phacops Weaveri. May-hill sandstone, Tortworth,
Gloucestershire.
Cerithium Damonis. Oxford clay, Claydon, Bucks. |
Ancyloceras Calloviensis. Ditto, Kelloways, Wilts. J
(Serpula parallela. Mountain Limestone, Yorkshire.
Sponges in Flint. Wilts. S
Pectens. Lias shale, Vale of Gloucester. wee
_\Pentamerus linguifer. Malvern. $ apo 5° Z
Hemielytron of Hemiptera (Belostoma). ‘ees
nore Elater vetustus. Binton, Warwickshire. aS
- Jaas. Trogulus. (Insect Limestone.) Gloucester-
shire
14
Cdnularia. Colebrook Dale.
Diplodus gibbosus. Coal, Staffordshire.
Anthracomya. Adamsii, ditto.
Ayicula carinata. ditto.
Rostellaria calcarata. Green sand, Blackdown. j
Belemnoteuthis. Oxford clay, Wilts.
Anthracosia acuta. Coal, Staffordshire.
Ammonites ibex. L. Lias.
Fucoids, Lower Llandovery, Aberystwith.
Montlivaltia Haimei. Lower Lias, Newark, Notts.
Cerithium. Plastic clay, Woolwich.
Cyrena. ditto, ditto. p
Syphonia (Polypothecia) head. Upper Green Sand. |
(Cup Sponge.) Warminster, Wilts.
Black and Green Obsidian, and other volcanic
products. Island of Ascension.
Presented by
the Rev.
P. B. Brodie.
Three Slabs of New Red Sandstone, with Footprints of Reptile.
(Rhyncosaurus or Labyrinthodon.) Lymm, Cheshire. Presented
by the Rev. 8. Cooke.
Footsteps of Labyrinthodon. Lower? Keuper, Emscote.
Presented by Mr. J. H. Clark.
Woodocrinus macrodactylus and Coal plants, Yorkshire.
Presented by Edward Wood, Esq.
LIBRARY.
DONATIONS.
Twenty-one Annual Reports of the Leeds Philosophical Society,
Presented by that Society.
Addresses and Papers. Ditto, ditto.
“Transactions of Botanica Society, Edinburgh. Presented by that
Society. 2
a
:
15
PURCHASES.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. No. 76 to 87.
Couch, JA History of the Fishes of the British Islands. No. 43
to 52.
Geological Magazine. No. 1 to 9.
Paleontographical Society’s Publications :—
Cretaceous Eehinodermata. Vol. 1, Part 1.
Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, &c., Formations. Part 1,
‘ Devonian.
Fossil Brachiopoda. Vol. 3, Part 6. No.1. Devonian.
Eocene Mollusca... Part 4. No.2. Bivalves.
Reptilia of the Cretaceous and Wealden Formations. Supp.
No. 2, Cretaceous. Supplement, No. 3, Wealden.
Popular Science Review. part 13 to 16.
Ray Society’s Publications :--
Dr. Gunther’s Reptiles of British India.
Camden Society’s Publications :—
80 Proceedings in Kent, 1640.
81 Parliamentary Debates in 1610.
82 Foreign Protestants and Aliens in England, 1618—88.
83 Wills from Doctor's Commons.
84 Trevelyan Papers. Part 11.
85 Marmaduke Rawdon, of York.
86 Letters of Margaret of Anjou.
87 The Camden Miscellany. Vol. 5.
88 Letters of Sir Robert Cecil.
89 Promptorium parvolorum. Tome 3.
MISCELLANEOUS.
DONATIONS.
Three Snakes in Bottle. Presented by W. Smeaton, Esq.
Anglo Saxon Vase, with bones, from near Long Itchington. Presented
by Mr. Buffery, Warwick.
16
Flint Flakes, &c., and Pamphlet descriptive of them, &c. Presented
by Henry Christy, Esq., London.
Anglo-Saxon Boss of Shield, Shears, &c, from near Meon-hill.
Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq.
Little Auk, Wedgnock Park, Warwick. Presented by Mr. John
Davis.
Five Mummy Crocodiles. Thebes. Leeds Philosophical Society.
Three Druicerii, four Roman brass, several Chinese coins, and others.
Presented by W. Scott, Esq, Priory, Warwick.
A Dagger, said to be found in the bed of the Thames. Presented by
W..Scott, Esq., Priory, Warwick.
Felus catus Liun. North Britain, Ben Nevis.
Presented by R. F. Tomes, Esq.
Cervus elephas. From Scotland. Presented by HE. Greaves, Esq.
17
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DESIDERATA.
BRITISH ORNITHOLOGY.
Order 1. Accipitres, Linn.
Egyptian Vulture, .. .. ..Neophron Perenopterus, (Linn.)
Griffon Vulture, ++ «+ «-Gyps fulvus, (Gmel.)
Rough-legged Buzzard, .. ..Archibuteo Lagopus, (Briin.)
Spotted Eagle, .. .. .. ..Aquila nevia, (Gmel.) Mey.
Jer-falcon, .. ++ «+. «-Faleo Gyrfalco, Linn.
Red- footed Falcon; +... «.Tinnunculus vespertinus, (Linn.)
Swallow-tailed Kite,.. .. ..Nawclerus furcatus, (Linn.) Vigors.
Goshawk, *... 2.) Tadhns.t), .s Ashu palumbarius, (Linn.) Bechst.
Montagu’s Harrier, ++ «+ «Circus cinerascens, (Mont.) "
Hawk Owl,.. .. -Surnia ulula, (Linn.) Bonap. .
Snowy Owl, [British specimen, |Nyctea nivea, (Thunb.)
Little Owl, . ..Athene noctua, (Retz.)
Great-eared Owl, ‘female, ] .-Bubo maximus, Sibb.
Tengmalm’sOwl .. ..Nyctale Tengmalmi, (Gmel.) Strickl.
Order 2. Passeres, Cuv.
Alpine Swift, -. .. .. ..Cypselus Melba, (Linn.)
Roller,.. .. -Coracias garrula, Linn.
Bee-eater [British specimen, i -Merops Apiaster, Linn.
Dartford Warbler, .. . . Sylvia undata, (Bodd.)
Garden Warbler, [female, . Sylvia hortensis, (Penn.)
Fire-crested Regulus, .. ..Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm.
Plain-crowned Kinglet, .. ..Regulns proregulus, (Pall.)
Black Redstart, [Brit.specimen]Ruticilla tithys, (Scop.)
Blue-throated Warbler, .. ..Cyanecula suecica, (Linn.)
Alpine Accentor, -. ++,...Accentor alpinus, (Gmel. Bechst.
Crested Tit, os oe es ~~. Parus cristatus, Linn.
White Wag tail, . -. «. .-Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.]
Gooy headed Wagtail, -. «.Motacilla flava, Linn.
Rock Pipit,.. .. .. .. ..Amnthus spinoletta, (Linn.)
Richard's Pipit,... .. «+ ..Anthus Richardi, (Vieill.)
White’s Thrush,.. .. .. ..Turdus varius. Horsf.
Rock Thrush, .. .. ... ..Zurdus sacatilis, Linn.
Golden Oriole, .. ... .. «.Oriolis Galbula, Linn.
Gold-vented Thrush, -. ..Pyenonotus aurigaster, (Vieil.)
Great Ash- colouredShrike, [fem] Lanius Excubitor, Linn.
Woodchat Shrike, .. .. ..EHmneoctonus rufus, (Briss.)
Nutcracker, . . .- Nucifraga caryocatactes, (Linn.) Briss.
Rose- colouredOuzel, (Brit. spec, ]Pastor roseus, (Linn.) Temm.
Red-winged Starling,
Mountain Linnet,
Cir] Bunting,
Ortolan Bunting,
Lapland Bunting,
Short-toed Lark,
Crested Lark,
Shore Lark,
Parrot Cross-bill, 5
White-winged Cross-bill, .
Order 3.
American Cuckoo,
Great spotted Cuckoo,
Order 4.
Rock Dove,..
Passenger Pigeon,
Order 5.
Barbary Partridge, ..
Andalusian Hemipode,
Virginian Colin,
Order 6,
Great Bustard ..
Little Bustard ..
Order 7.
Great Plover, 2 -
Cream-coloured Courser, . Se
Kentish Plover,..
Craney..% <
Great White ‘Heron, .. 2 eae
Egret, [British pence
Squacco Heron,..
Bnfif-backed Heron, {3
American Bittern,
Spoon-bill, ..
White Stork,
20
.-Agelaius pheniceus. (Linn) Vieil.
.-Fringilla flavirostris, Linn.
..Hmberiza Cirlus, Linn.
..Emberiza hortulana, Linn.
.-Plectrophanes lapponicus, (Linn.) Selb.
. -Alauda brachydactyla, Temm.
..Alauda cristata, Linn.
. -Otocoris alpestris, (Linn.)
.-Loxia pityopsittacus, Bechst.
. Loxia leucoptera, Gmel.
Scansores, Ill,
..Coccyzus americanus, (Linn.)
.. Oaylophus glandarius, (Linn.)
Columba, Lath.
.. Columba Livia, Briss.
. .Ectopistes migratorius, (Linn.)Swains.
Galline, Linn.
..Caccabis petrosa, (Lath.)
..- Turniz gibraltaricus, (Gmel.) Gould.
. -Ortyx virginianus, (Linn.). Gray.
Struthiones, Lath.
. .Otgs tarda, Linn.
.. Otis tetrax, Linn.
Gralle, Linn.
. .Gidienemus crepitans, Temm.
..Cursorius gallicus, (Gmel.)
ee Charadrius cantianus, Lath.
..Grus cinerea, Bechst.
.. Ardea alba, Gmel.
.. Ardea Garzetta, Linn.
.. Ardea comata, Pall.
.. Ardea coromanda, Bodd.
. .Botaurus lentiginosus, Mont.
..Platalea leucorodia, Linn.
.-Ciconia alba, Briss.
Black Stork,
Spotted Redshank,
Wood Sandpiper,
Avocet, ate
Black-winged Stilt, cs
Buff-breasted Sandpiper,..
Broad-billed Sandpiper
Schinz’s Sandpiper ..
Pectoral Sandpiper, ..
Brown Snipe,
Sabine’s Snipe, .
Red-necked Phalarope
Baillon’s Crake,.
Little Crake,
Order 8.
Spur-winged Goose, ..
Common Wild Goose,
White-fronted Goose,
Pink-footed Goose, ..
Bernicle Goose,.. ‘
Red-breasted Goose,. .
Polish Swan, . A
Whistling Swan,
Bewick’s Swan,
American Swan,
Ruddy Shieldrake,
American Wigeon,
Bimaculated Duck,
Gadwall,, ..
Red-crested Whistling Duck,
Scaup Pochard, . J
Ferruginous Duck,
Harlequin Garrot,
Long-tailed Hareld, .
Steller’s Western Duck,
King Duck,
Surf Scoter,
Red-breasted Merganser,. .
Hooded Merganser, ..
Red-necked Grebe,
Sclayonian Grebe
Great Auk,..
Manx Shearwater,
Cinereous Shearwater,
Wilson’s Petrel,.. .. 4.
Fork-tailed Petrel,
Bulwer's Petrel,..
Buffon’s Skua, ..
21
..Ciconia nigra, Bechst.
.- Totanus stagnalis, Bechst.
.- Lotanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm.
.. Reewrvirostra Avocetta, Linn.
. -Himantopus candidus, Bonn.
.. Tringa rufescens, Vieill.
.- Tringa platyrhyncha,. Temm.
..Pringa Schinzii, Brehm.
.. Tringa pectoralis; Say.
.-Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach.
..Gallinago Sabini, (Vigors.)
. -Phalaropus hyperboreus, (Linn.) Cuvier.
..Ortygometra pygmea, (Naum.)
. -Ortygometra minuta, (Pall.)
Anseres, Linn,
. -Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph.
.. Anser ferus, Gesn.
..Anser erythropus, (Linn.) Flem.
.-Anser brachyrhynchus, Baill.
. -Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) Steph.
. Bernicla rujficollis, (Pall.) Steph.
. Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrel.
.- Cygnus ferus, Ray.
. Cygnus minor, Pall.
. -Cygnus americanus, Sharpless.
. Casarka rutila, (Pall.)
.-Mareca americana, (Gmel.) Steph.
--Querquedula bimaculata, (Penn.)
. .Chaulelasmus strepera, (Linn.)
..Branta rufina, (Pall.) Boie.
..Fuligula Marila (Linn.) Steph.
. -Nyroca leucophthalma, (Bechst.) Flem.
.-Clangula histrionica, (Linn.) Steph.
.-Harelda glacialis, (Linn.) Leach.
.-Eniconetia Stelleri, (Pall.)
. -Somateria spectabilis, (Linn.) Steph.
. Oidemia perspicillata, (Linn.) Steph.
..Mergus Serrator, Linn. ,
.-Mergus cucullatus, Linn.
. -Podiceps grisegena, (Bodd.) Lath.
. -Podiceps cornutus, (Gmel.) Lath.
.. Alcea impennis, Linn.
..Pufinus Anglorum, Ray.
. -Pufjinus cinereus, Gmel.
..- Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl.
.-Thalassidroma Leachii, (Temm.)
.-Thalassidroma Bulweri, (J.&8.) Gould.
. .Stercorarius cephus, (Briinn.)
Common Skua, .-
Glaucous Gull, ..
Iceland Gull,
Little Gull,..
Sabine’s Gull,
Ivory Gull,..
Caspian Tern, .
Gull-billed Tern,
Sandwich Tern,..
Roseate Tern, ..
White-winged. Black ‘Torn,
Black Noddy, .. a
22
.. Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn.
«Larus glaucus, Briin.
. Larus leucopterus, Faber.
..- Larus minutus, Pall.
..Aema Sabini, Leach.
-Pagophila eburnea. (Gmel.) Kaup.
. Sterna caspia, Pall.
. Sterna anglica, Mont.
. .Strena cantiaca, Gmel.
. Strena paradisea, Brin.
.-Hydrochelidon nigra, (Linn.)
. Andus stolidus, (Linn.) Catesby.
23
Officers of the Society,
1856-66.
PATRON.
Tax Ricut HonovraBte THe Hart oF WARWICK.
PRESIDENT.
Ricuarp Greaves, Esq.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
Tue Ricut HonovurasLteE THE Hart oF AYLESFORD.
Cuartes Hours Bracesrincs, Esa.
Watter Henry Bracesrines, Esq.
Tae Ricut Honovrastze Lorp Dormer.
Lorp Viscount Duncan.
Cuartes Feraerston- Diixe, Esa.
Epwarp Greaves, Esa.
Tue Ricut Honovraste Lorp Leten, F.Z.S.
Grorce Luoyp, Ese., M.D., F.G.S.
Sm Cxartes Morpaunt, Barr., M.P.
Sir Greorce Ricnarp Pumirs, Bart.
Marx Purirs, Ese.
Kyetyn Pamir Suretey, Esa., F.S.A.
Joun Staunton, Esa.
Sm Rosert Greorce Turoceworton, Barr.
Tue Ricut Honovraste Lorp Wintovessy pe Broke.
Henry CuristorpHer Wisr, Esa.
HONORARY SECRETARIES,
Tue Rev. Peter Bevimwerr Bropm, M.A., F.G.S.
JoHN Wituiam Kirsgaw, F.G.§.
24
HONORARY OUBATORBS.
Geology avd Mineralogy.
The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S, JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S,
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D.,, F.G.S. R.F. TOMES, Esgq., F.Z,S.
WILLIAM VAUGHAN RUSSELL, Esg., F.G.S.
DHotany.
FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esa., F.B.S.E.
Zoology.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. || ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esgq., F.Z.S.
The REV, HENRY J. TORRE, B.A.
Archwology.
MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esa. JOHN FETHERSTON, Jun. Esq. F.S.A.
W. B. DICKINSON, Esq., M.R.C.S. GEORGE T. ROBINSON, Esq,, F.G.H,S.
P. O, CALLAGAN, Esq., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L.
Library.
H, BLENKINSOP, Esq,, F.R.C.S. Eng. | C, D. GREENWAY, Esq.
TREASURER.
EDWARD GREAVES, Esa.
AUDITOR.
KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esq.
COUNCIL.
The PATRON EC THOMAS COTTON, Esa.
The PRESIDENT P,O.CALLAGHAN, Esq, MA, LLD,DCL,
The VICE-PRESIDENTS JAMES DUGDALE, Esq.
The HONORARY SECRETARIES MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN H. FREER,
The HONORARY CURATORS RICHARD GREAVES, Esq.
The TREASURER KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esq.
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. JAMES COVE JONES, Esa., F.S,A.
The REV. T. J. CARTWRIGHT. The REV. EDMUND ROY, M.A.
The REV. E, THORNTON CODD, M A. | THOMAS THOMSON, Esg,, M.D.
The REV. BERDMORE COMPTON, M,A | THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Esa.
25
ist of Wlembers,
1865.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Tur Rev. Avam Sepewicr, B.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of
Cambridge, dc.
| Rozszert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.S8.L. & E., F.R.C.P.E.,
‘ F.L.S., F.G.S8., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy
and Zoology at the University College, London, éc., Grafton
Place, Euston Square, London.
| Joun Paruies, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.8., Deputy Reader
in Geology, and Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in the
University of Oxford, éc., Magdalen Bridge, Oxford.
Joun Conoutty, D.C.L., M.D., F.R.C.P., late Professor of
q the Nature and Treatment of Diseases at the University
College, London, éc., Lawn House, Hanwell, Middlesex.
Lrevtenant-Cotonen Winuiam Heyry Syzzs, M.P., F.R.S.,
_F.L.S.,F.G.S., &., 47, Albion Street, Hyde Park, London.
SamvurEt Birca, Esea., Assistant Keeper of Antiquities, British
Museum.
Ausrrt Way, Esga., M.A., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the ‘‘ Comité des
Arts et Monuments,” Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey.
26
MEMBERS.
THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS.
The Right Honourable Earl of Aylesford, Packington Hall,
Vice-President.
W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington.
Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick.
William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington.
Henry Blenkinsop, Esq., F.R.C.S. Eng., F.R.M.C.6.,
Warwick, Hon. Curator.
Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator.
*Charles Holte Bracebridge, Ksq., Atherstone Hall, Vice-
President.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sher-
bourne, Vice-President.
The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Rowington,
Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator.
Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke
and Harl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron.
William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrook Grange, near
Rugby.
The Rev. Theodore John Cartwright, Preston Bagot,
Member of Council.
W. H. Childe, Esq., Alveston.
P. O. Callaghan, Esq., M.A., .L.D., D.C.L. phone er
Member of Council.
Mrs. Lucas Caleraft, Leamington.
27
A. Cameron Campbell, Esq., Monzie, Scotland, and
Leamington.
Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick.
The Rev. Edward Thornton Codd, M.A., Tachbrooke,
Member of Council.
The Rev. Berdmore Compton, M.A., Barford, Member of
Council.
The Rev. Thomas Cochrane, M.A., the Leycester Hospital,
Warwick. ; 3
Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick.
Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth,
Member of Council.
Thomas B. Dale, Esq., Warwick.
William Binley Dickinson, Esq., M.B.C.S., M.N.S., No. 5,
Lansdowne Circus, Leamington, Hon. Curator.
The Right Honourable J oseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord
Dormer, Grove Park, Vice-President.
The Lord Viscount Duncan, Vice-President.
James Dugdale, Hsq., Wroxhall Abbey, Member of
Council.
John Fetherston, Jun., Esq., F.8.A., Packwood House,
- Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator.
Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq., Maxstoke Castle, near
Coleshill, Vice-President.
J. Elkington, Esq., Packwood House, Birmingham.
Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Clifton Villa, Leam
Terrace, Leamington, Member of Council.
Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill.
John Goodhall, Esq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick.
*Edward Greaves, Hsq., Ayonside, Barford, Vice-President
and Treasurer.
S
28
Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House, Warwick, President.
Miss Greenway, Warwick.
Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Charles Durnford Greenway, Esq., Hon. Curator.
The Rev. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road, Leam-
ington.
The Rey. William Thomas Hadow, M.A., Haseley.
Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, Lon-
don, W.C.
Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick.
William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon.
Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M.R.C.8., Leamington.
The Rev. Thomas Jackson, Hatton.
.The Rev. John Jameson, M.A., High Street, Warwick.
The Rev. Francis Ellis Jervoise, M.A., No. 7, Euston
Place, Leamington.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S., Loxley House,
Member of Council.
Miss Kimberly, Warwick.
John William Kirshaw, F.G.8., Warwick, Hon. Secretary
and Hon. Curator.
Mrs. Lamb, Warwick.
The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh,
F.Z.S., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President.
George Lloyd, Esq., M.D., F.G.8., Birmingham, Vice-
President and Hon. Curator,
The Rev. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy.
Major Machen, Leamington.
Mr. Samuel Mallory, Warwick.
Miss Moor, No. 5, Waterloo Place, Leamington.
John Moore, Esq., Warwick.
29
Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., M.P., Walton, Vice-President.
George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick.
Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick.
The Rev. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton:
The Rev. EH. §t. John Parry, Principal of Leamington
College.
William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton.
Arthur Wellesley Peel, Esq:, M.P., Sandy, Bedfordshire.
Owen Pell, Esq., Leamington.
The Rev. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.8.A., No. 9, New
Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C.
Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President.
Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-President.
George William John Repton, Esq., M.P.
The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., No. 3, Beauchamp Terrace
Kast, Leamington.
George Thomas Robinson, Esq., F.G.H.S8., Leamington,
Hon. Curator.
- Josiah Yeomans Robins, EKsq., Myton.
The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth, Member of
Council.
William Vaughan Russell, Esq., F.C.S., Leamington.
Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street, Leam-
ington. :
The Honourable Colonel Scott, Bagington Hall.
Hvelyn Philip Shirley, EHsq., F.§.A., Hatington
Park, near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President.
The Rev. Henry Wilmot Sitwell, M.A., Leamington
Hastings, near Southam.
William Smith, Esq., Warwick.
30
John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council.
Henry Summerfield, Esq., Warwick.
Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace,
Leamington, Member of Council.
Sir Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland,
Faringdon, Vice-President.
Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.8., Welford, near Strat-
ford-on-Avon, Hon. Curator.
The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator,
Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.8.H., Oakfield,
Leamington, Hon. Curator.
William Walker, Esq., Warwick.
James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford-
upon-Avon.
+George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bed-
worth.
The Right Honourable Robert John Barnard-Verney, Lord
‘Willoughby de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President,
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek
Wootton, Vice-President.
Matthew Wise, Esq., Shrublands, Leamington.
Sir Trevor Wheler, Bart., Leamington.
Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby.
The Rev. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash.
J. Wimbridge, Esq., Warwick.
.
1836—1853
1853—1866
1836—1837
1837—1838
1838—1839
1839—1840
1840—1841
1841—1842
1842—1843
1843—1844
1844—1845
1845—1846
1846—1847
1847—1848
1848—1849
1849—1850
1850—1851
1851—1852
1852—1853
1853—1854
1854—1855
1855—1856
1856—1857
1857—1858
1858—1859
1859—1860
1860—1861
1861—1862
1862—1863
1863—1864
1864—1865
1865—I866
31
ist of Patrons and Presidents,
From 1836 to 1866.
PATRONS.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY RICHARD GREVILLE;
EARL BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK, K.T., LL.D.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, EARL
BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK,
PRESIDENTS.
CHANDOS LEIGH, ESQ., F.H.S,
SIR JOHN MORDAUNT, BART., M.P.
SIR JOHN EARDLEY EARDLEY WILMOT, BART,, M.P., F.R.S,
WILLIAM HOLBECHE, ESQ,, F.G.S.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, LORD
BROOKE
CHARLES HOLTE BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ.
WILLIAM STAUNTON, ESQ,
SIR FRANCIS LAWLEY, BART., F.HLS., F.Z.S,
SIR GRAY SKIPWITH, BART.
SIR JOHN ROBERT CAVE BROWNE CAVE, BART.
THE MOST HONOURABLE" SPENCER JOSHUA ALWYNE COMP.
TON, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON, D.C.L., PRESIDENT
RS., F.S.A., Hon. M.B.LA,, F.G.S,
EVELYN JOHN SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P.
THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH
SIR THEOPHILUS BIDDULPH, BART.
CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ.
MARK PHILIPS, ESQ.
HENRY CHRISTOPHER WISE, ESQ.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
WALTER HENRY BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ.
CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ,
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH, LORD
LEIGH, F.Z.S.
EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P., F.S.A.
THE REV. VAUGHAN THOMAS, B.D.
SIR GEORGE RICHARD PHILIPS, BART.
EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P.
EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ,, M.P.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ.
RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ.
32
The Meetings of the Council are held Monthly, on the
First Tuesday in the Month, at Half-past One o’Clock.
The Museum is open daily from Eleven o'clock to Five
between the First of March and the Thirty-first of October,
and from Eleven o’clock to Four between the First of
November and the last day of February.
The Annual Subscriptions for 1865 are due on the
24th day of May; and the Council urgently request
that the Subscribers will cause them to be paid to the
Treasurer, at the Bank of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and
Greenways, Warwick; or to Mr. William Delatour
Blackwell, the Collector of Subscriptions, Leicester
Street, Leamington.
PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK.
WARWICKSHIRE
NATURAL HISTORY
AND
¢
oe |
Archxological Society.
|
THIRTIETH ANNUAL REPORT,
PERRY, PRINTER, NEW STREET & OLD SQUARE.
WARWICKSHIRE
NATURAL HISTORY
ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
ESTABLISHED MAY 241n, 1836.
¥
THIRTIETH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS,
READ AT THE
ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 6th, 1866,
Tx Council, in presenting their annual report to the
members, congratulate them on the continued prosperity
of the Society.
Numerous and valuable additions have been made to
the Museum and Library, by donation and purchase,
during the past year.
1 The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arranging
F a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and some
____ of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small but
judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon
make the entire Geological collection most valuable and
instructive, and one of the best out of London. At present
4 the collections of Natural History and Geology form a
good educational medium for all classes, and it is of the
‘ utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency.
2
The Council record with pleasure a visit paid to the
Museum by Professor Owen, who expressed a high opinion
of its general arrangement and the importance and value
of its contents.
In September last, a large party of members of the
British Association visited the Museum, and the Geological
collection was briefly described to them by thé Rev.
P. B. Brodie.
Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a
collection properly, and for the same reason it is much
less profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes
of general instruction.
Though some of the desiderata have been filled up,
there are several formations which are still very defective,
amongst wnich may be enumerated the following:—
The Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes,
Sconce, Headon hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham.
London Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and
Lower Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonion and Lower
Silurian will be very acceptable. The aid of the members
is particularly requested in procuring fossils from the
County, especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permain,
as it should be the chief aim of all local Museums to have
as finea suite as possible from the strata which occur in
the immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out.
——
3
BRITISH MAMMALIA.
Although no addition has been made to the British
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the
collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assis-
tance in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which
migrate, and which therefore in some species can only be
obtained as stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and
though some are rarer than others, all may be obtained
with tolerable certainty, by those residing in such parts
of the Country as they are known to inhabit. With the
exception of the marine species, such as the Whales and
Porpoises, there are none which might not take their place
in our collection of British fere. We have already some
of the largest of the land animals, as the Red Deer and
Roebuck, both presented by Edward Greaves, Esq. A
mounted specimen of the Fallow Deer, and of the two
_ kinds of Martin, i.c., the yellow breasted, and the white
breasted Martin, would go far towards the completion of
the collection of the terrestrial Mammalia of Great Britain.
We earnestly hope that some friends to this Institution will
kindly furnish one or other of these desiderata. Of the
smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and Bats, a few kinds
are wanting, but these the Curators believe that they
shall before long be able to supply.
ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
In our report for 1865 we unaccountably omitted to
advert to the re-arrangement of the collection of birds,
which took place when the repairs of the Museum were
brought to a close. The room containing the collection
underwent a thorough cleaning, and the specimens were
4
_ taken out, examined, carefully cleaned, and returned to
the cases. The windows of the rooms, the approaches to
which were awkwardly blocked up with cases, were relieved
of their obstructions, the specimens which were in these
cases, being transported to their proper places in the series
to which they respectively belonged.
But the most important ¢hange which has been made in
this department, is the separation of the British from the
Exotic species. In nearly all the extensive Natural
History Museums in Europe the native species are now
fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately been
the case in our National Museum, and whereas the
observer had before this change to seek laboriously through
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated
specimens which had formed the collection of some
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel
Montague,—he may now see them all placed side by side
in the gallery devoted to British Zoology. And with them
he may also see ranged the gems from the collection of the
late Mr. Yarrell. The advantage of such an arrangement
is obvious. .
When the Archeological Institute held its meeting
at Warwick, the Bishop of Oxford, a good Ornithologist,
and the possessor of a collection of the birds of the
eastern Counties of England, paid a visit to our museum,
and was much pleased to see the British Birds placed
by themselves. He observed, with great truth, ‘‘you
cannot vie with the larger Museums in a general
collection, but you may eacel them if you confine your-
selves to a purely local collection.”” Fully agreeing with
5
this opinion, the Hon. Ourators, while enlarging the
collection of British Birds, propose to do so, as much
as possible, by means of specimens obtained in Warwick-
shire, or the contiguous Counties. They offer these
remarks in the hope that the friends of the Institution,
will assist them in carrying out their views, by the donation
of some of the species forming the following list of
desiderata :—
Order 1. Accipitres, Linn.
Egyptian Vulture, .. .. ..Neophron Percnopterus, (Linn.)
Griffon Vulture, .. ... ..Gyps fulvus, (Gmel.)
Rough-legged Buzzard, .. ..Archibuteo Lagopus, (Briin.)
Spotted Eagle, .. .. °.. ..Aquila navia, (Gmel.) Mey.
Jer-falcon,.. ...-. +. +-KFalco Gyrfalco, Linn.
Red-footed Falcon, .. .. .. Ee etd vespertinus, (Linn.)
Swallow-tailed Kite, . .. .-Nauclerus furcatus, (Linn.) Vigors.
Goshawk, .. . geen aaa FA) palumbarius, (Linn.) Bechst.
Montagu’s Harrier, . «. «. «Circus cinerascens, (Mont.)
Hawk Owl,.. .. .Surnia ulula, (Linn.) Bonap
a Owl, [British ‘specimen, ] Nyctea nivea, (Thunb.)
Little Owl, - +-Athene noctua, (Retz.)
Great pared. Owl, " [female,] 2 Bubo maximus, Sibb.
Tengmalm’s aly: ..Nyctale Tengmalmi, (Gmel.) Strickl.
Order 2. Passeres, Cuv.
Alpine Swift, .. .... ..Cypselus Melba, (Linn.)
ller,.. . ..Coracias garrula, Linn.
Bee-eater, [British specimen, ]. .Merops Apiaster, Linn.
Dartford Warbler, .. . Sylvia undata, (Bodd.)
Garden Warbler, [female, .. Sylvia hortensis, (Penn.)
Fire-crested Regulus, .. ..Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm.
Plain-crowned Kinglet, .. ..Regulus proregulus, (Pall.)
Black Redstart, [Brit.epecimen] Buticilla tithys, (Scop.)
Blue-throated Warbler, .. ..Cyanecula suecica, (Linn.)
Alpine Accentor, .. .. :Accentor alpinus, (Gmel.) Bechst.
Crested Tit, we ee ee) es Parus cristatus, Linn. :
White Wagtail . .. »+-Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.]
52 see Wagtail, .. ..Motacilla flava, Linn.
Rock Pipit,.. .. ... .. ..Anthus spinoletta, (Linn).
Richard’s Pipit,.. .. .. ..Anthus Richardi, (Vieill.)
White's Thrush, -. «. «-DLurdus varius, Horsf.
, Rock Thrush, .. .. .. ..Turdus saxatilis, Linn.
A Golden Oriole, .. .. . ..-Oriolus Galbula, Linn.
Gold-yented Thrush, .. ..Pycnonotus aurigaster, (Vieill.)
6
GyreatAsh-colouredShrike,[fem]Lanius Excubitor, Linn.
Woodchat Shrike,
Nutcracker,
. -Enneoctonus refus, (Briss.
. Nucifraga caryocatactes, (Linn.) Briss.
Rose- colouredOuzel, (Brit. “spec.] ] Pastor roseus, (Linn.) Temm.
Red-winged Starling,
Mountain Linnet,
Cirl Bunting, of
Ortolan Bunting, ..
Lapland Bunting, ..
Short-toed Lark, ..
Crested Lark, .. ..
Shore Lark, ..
Parrot Cross- bill r
White-winged Cross- bill, .
Order 3.
American Cuckoo, ..
Great spotted Cuckoo,
Order 4.
Rock Dove,..
Passenger Pigeon,
.. Agelaius pheniceus, (Linn.) Vieill.
..Fringilla flavirostris, Linn.
..Emberiza Cirlus, Linn.
..Emberiza hortulana, Linn.
..Plectrophanes lapponicus, (Linn.) Selb.
--Alauda brachydactyla, Temm.
. Alauda cristata, Linn.
..Otocoris alpestris, (Linn.)
..Lowia pityopsittacus, Bechst.
. .Loxia leucoptera, Gmel.
Scansores, Ill,
.-Coccyzus americanus, (Linn.)
.-Oxylophus glandarius. (Linn.)
Columba, Lath.
. Columba Livia, Briss.
..Ectopistes migratorius, (Linn.) Swains.
Order 5. Gallina, Linn,
Barbary Partridge, ..
Andalusian Hemipode,
Virginian Colin,
Order 6,
Great Bustard, ..
Little Bustard, ..
..Caccabis petrosa, (Lath.)
.. Turniz gibraltaricus, (Gmel.) Gould.
. Ortyx virginianus, (Linn.) Gray.
Struthiones, Lath.
.. Otis tarda, Linn.
. Otis tetrax, Linn.
Order 7. Gralla, Linn,
Great Plover, A
Cream-coloured ape eae =
Kentish Plover,.
Crane,.. .
Great White Heron,.. -
Egret, [British <r aae
Squacco Heron,.. ..
Buff-backed Heron, We
American Bittern,
Spoon-bill,.. .. .. «.
White Stork, .. .. ..
..CGidienemus crepitans, Temm.
..Cursorius gallicus, (Gmel.)
.. Charadrius cantianus, Lath.
..Grus cinerea, Bechst.
.. Ardea alba, Gmel.
. Ardea Garzetta, Linn.
.. Ardea comata, Pall.
.. Ardea coromanda, Bodd.
.-Botaurus lentiginosus, Mont.
.-Platalea leucorodia, Linn.
«.Ciconia alba, Briss.
7
Black Stork, .. .. .. ..Ciconia nigra, Bechst.
Spotted Redshank, .. .. ..Totanus stagnalis, Bechst.
Wood Sandpiper, .. .. ..TZotanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm:
Avocet, n¢ .. ..Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn.
Black- winged Stilt, os. «+ «+Himantopus candidus, Bonn.
Buff-breasted Sandpiper, . «.Dringa refescens, Vieill.
Broad-billed Sandpiper, .. ..Tringa platyrhyncha, Temmi.
Schinz’s Sandpiper,.. .. ..Tringa Schinzii, Brehm.
Pectoral Sandpiper,.. .. «.Tringa pectoralis, Say.
Brown Snipe, - «- +Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach.
Sabine’s Snipe, .. +» «-Gallinago Sabini, (Vigors.)
Red-necked Phalarope, .. «.Phalaropus hyperboreus, (Linn.) Cuvier.
Baillon’s Crake,.. .«. .. ..Ortygometra pygmea, (Naum.)
Little Crake, .. .. «. ..Ortygometra minuta, (Pall.)
Order 8. Anseres, Linn,
Spur-winged Goose, ..
Common Wild Goose,
White-fronted Goose,
.-Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph.
-Anser ferus, Gesn.
--Anser erythropus, (Linn.) Flem.
Pink-footed Goose, .. .-Anser brachyrhynchus, Baill.
Bernicle Goose,.. .-Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) Steph.
Red-breasted Goose,.. .. ..Bernicta rujicollis, (Pall.) Steph.
Polish Swan, .. .. .. «.Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrel.
Whistling Swan, .. .. ..Cygnus ferus, Ray.
Bewick’s Swan, ss ee «Cygnus minor, Pall.
American Swan, +» «. «Cygnus americanus, Sharpless.
Ruddy Shieldrake, .. .. ..Casarka rutila, (Pall.)
American Wigeon, -Mareca americana, (Gmel.) Steph.
oe 8 © @
' 2« © © ©
Bimaculated Duck, +. «+Querquedula bimaculata, (Penn.)
Gadwall, .. --Chaulelasmus strepera, (Linn.)
Red-crested Whistling Duck, .-Branta rujina, (Pall.) Boie.
Scaup Pochard,.. .. .-Fuligula Marila, (Linn.) Steph.
Ferruginous Duck, ++ «. «.Nyroca leucophthalma, (Bechst.) Flem.
Harlequin Garrot, .. .. ..Clangula histrionica, (Linn.) Steph.
Long-tailed Hareld,.. .. ..Harelda glacialis, (Linn.) Leach.
Steller’s Western Duck .. ..Eniconetta Stelleri, (Pall.)
King Duck, .. .. .. ..Somateria spectabilis, (Linn.) Steph.
Surf Scoter, se e+ as «4. Oidemia perspicillata, (Linn. Steph
Red-breasted. Merganser,. - . . Mergus Serrator, Linn.
Hooded Merganser,.. .. ..Mergus cucullatus, Cima | 7,
Red-necked Grebe, .. .. ..Podiceps grisegena, (Bodd.) Lath.
Sclavonian Grebe, .. .. - -Podiceps cornutus, (Gmel.) Lath.
Great Auk,.. .. .. .. ..Alca impennis, Linn:
Manx Shearwater, .. .. . . . Pufiinus Anglorum, Ray.
Cinereous Shearwater, .. ..Puffimus cinereus, Gmel.
Wilson’s Petrel,.. .. .. ..Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl.
Fork-tailed Petrel, .. .. ..Thalassidroma Leachii, (Temm.)
Bulwer’s Petrel, -. «. «-Dhalassidroma Bulweri, (J. & S.) Gould.
8
Buffon’s Skua, .. .. «+ «.-Stercorarius cephus, (Briint.)
Common Skua,.. ..° .. ~.Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn.
Glaucous Gull, .. - Larus glaucus, Briin.
Teeland Gull, - Larus leueopterus, Faber.
.
Little Gull,.. .. «. .. «Larus minutus, Pall.
Sabine’s Gull, .. .. «. ..Xema Sabini, Leach.
Ivory Gull,.. .. «. +. .-Pagophila ebuwrnea, (Gmel.) Kaup.
Caspian Tern, .. .. .. ..Sterna caspia, Pall.
Gull-billed Tern, .. .. ..Sterna anglica, Mont.
Sandwich Tern,.. .. .. «-Strena cantiaca, Gmel.
Roseate Tern, .. .. .. ..Strena paradisea, Briin.
White-winged Black Tern, ..Hydrochelidon nigra, (Linn.)
Black Noddy, .. .. -- «+And6us stolidus, (Linn.) Catesby.
The Shells, which are a large and valuable series,
require some attention, as many of them have become
displaced, and want, in many instances, re-naming.
Sir David Barclay has kindly promised to put the whole
in better order, and add desiderata from his own fine
collection. A series of the land and freshwater Shells of
Warwickshire would be an important addition.
The Accounts have been audited, and the General
Financial Statement from March 25th, 1865, to March
24th, 1866, is appended to this report.
The Museum, now containing a valuable and well-
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and
Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not
extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is
highly creditable to the Town and County of Warwick,
and deserves a much greater amount of support than it
has of late years received. An excellent foundation has
been laid, but much more might be effected if adequate
means were placed at the disposal of the Council.
9
Owing to the losses, by death, of several subscribers
during the past year, and the small. number of additional
members, the funds of the Society are in a less
satisfactory condition than could be desired. A reference
to the list of subscribers will show that only a few of the
rich and influential people in the County belong to the
Society, and if the members would solicit annual sub-
scriptions from their friends and neighbours, it is probable
that a considerable addition would be made to the funds
of the Society before the end of the present year.
The Council have much pleasure in stating that the
upper room has now been enlarged and otherwise improved,
giving thereby increased accommodation for specimens,
so much needed, and will enable them to make many
additions and important alterations which the crowded
state of the rooms rendered essential.
10
After the business of the Meeting, Dr. O'Callaghan,
D.C.L., F.S.A., exhibited and described several rare
Autograph Letters and Illustrative Portraits of local
interest.
The following paper on the Geology of Warwick,
Leamington and its neighbourhood, was read by the
Rey. P. B. Brodie, M.A., F.G.S.
The points of geological interest within a limited distance of the
towns of Warwick and Leamington, say from 12 to 14 {miles though
not so yaried and important as they are in many other places, are
still deserving of attention. Within this area three formations are
present in descending order: First, the drift Gravels; secondly, the
Lias; thirdly, the New red Sandstone; fourthly, the Permian. The
Grayels are widely spread over the country, and in this district belong
to two distinct divisions, of different age, the high level and low level
drifts. The former consists of large boulders and pebbles of various
rocks of all ages, brought from many different quarters, partly on ice,
which is clearly proved by many interesting facts lately brought for-
ward by Professor Ramsay and other geologists who have studied the
subject, a very large proportion being derived from the north, not only
of England but of Europe. Most of the rocks are what is termed
metamorphic, from which all traces of organic life have been removed,
but occasionally fossiliferous rocks are met with.* This is called the
northern or glacial drift, and represents a period of great cold, when a
large portion of this island was submerged, and the land itself covered
with snow and glaciers. Of more recent date are the finer Grayels
occupying the valley of the Avon, and may be noticed at many spots
in this district. These consist of small pebbles, often of local origin,
and fine sand of considerable thickness, with loam in irregular patches.
It is from these Gravels that remains of extinct and gigantic
mammalia have been obtained; and when the Jephson gardens were
being made, many fine bones of elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus,
and other animals were discovered. In the Warwick Museum there is
a fine jaw of rhinoceros (tichorhinus) from similar beds near Rugby.
Entire elephants have sometimes been found, and in some spots they
are exceedingly abundant. Fresh water shells of recent species are
often associated with them. At present no flint implements have been
noticed in the drift in this neighbourhood, but they should be carefully
searched for, since it is desirable to note every spot where they occur
associated with the extinct mammalia. At Mancetter flint implements
are recorded by Dugdale. The Lias, of course, belongs to a formation
of much older date than these post Pliocene deposits, but as it is the
* See a Paper, read by the Author, at the Meeting of the British Association, in
Birmingham, in September last,
—
a it
11
next in the order of succession in this neighbourhood it has next to
be considered. The Liasis divided into upper, middle, and lower.
The first of these only appears at a few places in the county, chiefly
near Avon Dassett and Banbury; and is there of very limited extent
and thickness compared with the same stratum in other parts of Eng-
land. In Warwickshire it consists of beds of blue clay and shale, with
the usual characteristic fossils. There is evidence to show that it
formerly occupied a much larger area, and probably capped the Edge-
hills, The middle Lias holds a more important position, and forms
the highest range of hills in this immediate neighbourhood, as the
Edgehills, Avon Dassett, and towards Shipston. These are mainly
composed of hard blue and grey calcareous stone termed marlstone,
which, from its superior hardness and agreeable colour, makes an
excellent stone for building and other purposes, and the more so, as it
contains very few fossils, which is rather singular considering their
profusion in this division of the Lias elsewhere. Below this are
numerous beds of clay and limestone, more or less fossiliferous, which
are, however, rarely exposed, but good sections may be seen on the
G. W. Railway at Fenny Compton, and in the clay-pits adjacent.
These divisions of the Lias are confined to the district which lies south
and south-east of Warwick and Leamington. These beds are succeeded
by a series of shales and limestones of considerable extent and
thickness, and of much lithological and economic importance. Some
fine sections may be seen in the railway cutting at Harbury, and in
Messrs. Greaves and Kirshaw’s extensive quarries at Harbury and
Stockton. These strata are termed the lima beds, from the great
abundance of a large bivalve shell, lima gigantea. These are suc-
ceeded by the ‘insect and saurian’ beds, so named from the abundance
of insects and the two great sea lizards, so characteristic of the Lias
icthyosaurus and plesiosaurus; though these saurians do not distinguish
this zone so well as the insects; but these are only represented by a
very thin band at Harbury, though more largely developed at
Wilmcote. There we have a lower series of limestones and shales of
much finer texture, and marked by a somewhat different set of fossils.
Fine sections of these beds are exposed at Wilmcote, Binton, and
Grafton. Much of the stone might be profitably used for lithographic
purposes, and is now extensively employed for paving and flooring,
and in making Roman cement, at the works of Messrs. Greaves and
Kirshaw, at Wilmcote. Underneath the insect beds a still more
distinctive and peculiar series of strata come in, consisting of coarse,
hard-grained limestones, grits, and sandstones, divided by clay,
yielding some peculiar fossils, one stratum being made up of rude
bones and teeth of fish and saurians, hence named the “ bone bed,”
but this is but very poorly represented in this county, though traces
of it may be noted at Binton, and in a singular liassic outlier at
Knowle. These lowest beds of the Lias are also exposed in another
remarkable outlier at Brown’s Wood, near Wootton Wawen, but the
sections are much obscured, the quarries being now entirely closed.
One of the limestones overlying these strata referred to above, and
which crops out in places below the ‘lima and saurian or insect beds,’
deserves especial notice from its remarkable mineralogical structure
12
and development in Warwickshire. It is a hard white limestone called
on this account “ white lias” the surface being much water worn and
eroded, and containing a large quantity of iron. It immediately
underlies the “lima beds” at Harbury, where it rises to the surface
and occupies a considerable area in several parts of the county,
especially near Rugby, at Long Itchington, Newbold, Whitnash, and
is seen in many quarries south and east of Stratford. It may just be
mentioned that owing to the recent researches in these lowest beds of
the Lias,it is proposed to separate them altogether from that formation
and to place them with the upper division of the New red Sandstone
under the title of ‘Rhcetic beds.’ This refers specially to the series
below the ‘insect beds, and on the whole they contain a peculiar
and distinctive suite of organic remains, most of which are
more nearly related to the Trias, or New red Sandstone, than the Lias
hence the separation. The white Lias is much more largely developed
in Warwickshire and Somersetshire, and is very poorly represented in
Gloucestershire; where, however, the lower division is much more
extended. A few words must be added on the fossils of the Lias
generally. These are on the whole largely distributed through the
whole of the strata referred to, and none of them are entirely without
some traces of life. They consist mainly of marine shells and a few
corals, all of extinct species, and for the most part distinct from the
superior and inferior formations. A great variety of fish have also
been met with, often beautifully preserved and a few crustacea, some
of which resemble the recent cray fish, but the most remarkable of all
the relics of the ancient world of this period are the large enalio-saurians
which, from their anatomical structure and habits, were the most
formidable and predaceous monsters of the deep. There is, perhaps,
no geological period more prolific in the remains of these animals than
the Lias, and though other and similar reptiles occur in other forma-
tions, with the exception of the Wealden, we have some justification
in calling this the age of reptiles. The Wealden is a much later de-
posit than the Lias, and the gigantic lizards which characterized it are
terrestrial. Although a particular portion of the Lias is marked by the
more frequent presence of saurians, they occur in greater or less
abundance throughout the whole of it. Itis chiefly from these lower
beds, in which they are most prevalent that numerous and varied
remains of insects have been discovered, especially in the quarries at
Wilmcote, Binton, and Grafton, in this county. These and a few
traces of land plants, such as ferns and drift wood, are the only evi-
dence we have of the inhabitants of the earth at this epoch. Scanty
enough, but of special interest, because it proves that the land had its
inhabitants as well the sea, and though we have at present only a partial
and imperfect record of the ancient world, we may conclude that insects
and plants were not the only forms of life with which it was clothed,
and some day a much more extensive fauna and flora may be found.
The insects though unusually fragmentary are sometimes found entire,
especially the coleoptera, but generally they consist of detached wings, .
beautifully preserved, amongst which the libellulide predominate.
We may assume that they were carried with the plants by a large river
into the sea, and deposited in the mud of the Lias at no great distance
13
from the shore. The total thickness of the Lias in Gloucestershire,
where it is largely developed, is 1,600 feet, but probably it does not
attain this in Warwickshire, as the upper Lias is much reduced in bulk
and the other portions are feebly represented. We now come to the
next succeeding formation, the New red Sandstone which underlies the
jias, and is usually conformable to it. It is divided into upper and
lower Keuper, composed of alternations of red and green marls, with
included beds of soft and hard sandstones of variable thickness, but
occupying a large area in this county, of this the marls fill the largest
space, the upper Keuper sandstone running irregularly in patches,
haying been much denuded. It was formerly quarried at Shrewley
Common, four miles N.W. of Warwick, and sections are still exposed
there on the Grand Junction Canal, and at Rowington and Preston
Bagot. The lowest bed of sandstone is a strong, compact rock, well
adapted for building purposes, and it is much to be regretted that it is
not still so employed. The upper Keuper oecupies the whole of the
high table land from Hatton to Birmingham, on thenorth-west. The
lower keuper, like the upper division, consists of beds of soft and hard
sandstone, rather different in lithological structure, but some parts
form a good building stone. The town of Warwick is built upon it,
and sections may be seen at Coten End, Guy’s Cliff, Myton, and
Cubbington. It is a thick bedded sandstone, often traversed by lines
of false bedding. Part of Leamington stands upon it, and is exposed
in an old quarry at the North-Western Station. A considerable mass
of red marl separates the upper from the lower sandstones, which may
be observed beneath the bottom rock at the canal, Shrewley. The
denudations at Rowington are well marked by lines of’ denudation
and undulations which vary the otherwise monotonous scenery
of thé neighbourhood; and towards Claverdon and Bearley the
couutry is picturesque, and commands some extensive views over the
plains of red marl and lower lias to the more distant Cotswolds. No
doubt the sandstone was much more extended, fillmg up many of the
little valleys from which it has been entirely removed with much of the
underlying red marls. As a general rule this formation is barren of
organic remains, those which have been met with occurring in the sand-
stone and green marls, none having been found here in the red marls,
the superabundance of red proxide of iron being generally supposed to
inimical to the existence of animal life. No marine shells (with one
doubtful exception) are known to occur in it; and only two entire fish,
both of which were discovered at Rowington, but abundant remains of
sharks have been found in a soft white friable sandstone in the upper
Keuper at Shrewley, and otherjparts of England where the same for-
mation is met with. These consist of dorsal spines, small grinding
palatel teeth of two distinct gerena, cutting teeth, and shagreen or
skin of some cestraciont. One of the fish was obtained from the
bottom bed at Shrewley, and though of small size, is remarkable for
the strong defensive armour with which it is covered, like the enamelled
plates of the Pterichthys, &c., of the Old red Sandstone, forming a pro-
tection against the predatory sharks contemporary withit. The green
marls contain abundantly, as well as the sandstones, a small bivalved
erustacean ‘estheria minuta.’ But the most remarkable fossils which
14
distinguish both the upper and lower keuper, are the labyrinthodont
reptiles, of singular uncouth form and anatomical structure, most
nearly allied to the recent aquatic salamander. In the upper Keuper,
the only evidence afforded of their existence are the impressions of
their footsteps as they crawled over the mud of the Triassic sea. These
are plentiful at Shrewley; and a much larger footprint was discovered
near Preston Bagot. These belong to three genera, Labryinthodon,
Cheirotherium, and Rhynchosaurus. But in the lower division, many
remains of these singular reptiles have been met with, belonging to
several genera, chiefly from Coten-end, Leamington, and Cubbington.
These consist of various jaws with teeth, single teeth, vertebrae and other
bones, especially cranial bones, but no entire skeleton has yet been
procured in the new red sandstone in this country. These
remains indicate animals of no very gigantic proportions, though
the large footprints do; and in Germany an entire cranium was
found, which must have belonged to a salamandroid reptile
of enormous dimensions. If the footsteps which were lately -
obtained from a quarry at Emscote belong to the lower Keuper,
this is the first instance I believe of their occurrence in that division ;
though, considering the frequent traces of their skeletons, none of
which, or very rarely, have been met with in the upper, it is rather
singular that they should not have been found before. In some of the
sandstones and pure marly beds in the upper Keuper, fragmentary
and very imperfect remains of plants occur both in Warwickshire and
Worcestershire, the only evidence we haye of the existence of land
during this epoch. In Germany, however, there is a large flora, and
much better preseryed. It is supposed that the sea in which the New
red Sandstone was deposited, formed a vast inland lake, like the Cas-
pian of the present day; still, the absence of shells and the scarcity
of fish, and indeed of fossils generally, is not so easily accounted for.
This formation is of great economic importance, from the quantities of
salt and gypsum which are obtained from it. In England it attains a
thickness of 2,500 feet, though not reaching that amount probably in
Warwickshire. The red Sandstones of Coventry and Kenilworth have
been assigned to the Permain, a formation which succeeds the
Triassic, and contains a much richer store of the animal life of the
period, and very distinct from those which mark the previous one.
In Warwickshire it consists of thick bedded red Sandstones, which
are well seen in the extensive quarries at Kenilworth, Meriden, and
near Coventry, and are much used for building. It occupies a con-
_ siderable area in this part of the county, but less than the Triassic
system. In lowering the road at Allesley some years ago, many
broken trunks of large trees were found in the sandstone, evidently
the remnant of an ancient forest, which must have flourished there
when the rock formed the dry land, and was afterwards suddenly
submerged. The grayel pits in the neighbourhood are full of frag-
ments of this wood, and it is from this source that the pieces of wood
belonging to the conifers are derived, which abound in the gravel at
Warwick, and also in the glacial drift described at the beginning of
this paper. At Exhall some bivalve shells were found, and a large
calamite, but the pit is unfortunately closed: At Coventry, a large
15
jaw of labyrinthodon was obtained; and a fine cranium of another,
—the largest known in England, at Kenilworth: Some singular plants
of large size, which are new, are found in the same sandstone at
Meriden. ‘There is a curious conglomerate in the Kenilworth quarries
which contains marine shells, and deserves a careful examination.
In concluding my remarks on the Geology of the District within a
limited distance of Warwick and Leamington, I would draw attention
to the fine collection of Triassic fossils, the finest in the kingdom, in
the Warwick Museum, which also contains the jaw and head of the
labyrinthodon, above referred to, from the Permain. The suite of
Lias fossils is also very extensive, and includes some fine saurians,
especially a large and entire plesiosaurus, and fish from the quarries
at Wilmcote.
Mr. R. F. Tomes then read a Paper descriptive of
Milcote, and other ancient Burying Places, around
Stratford-on-Avon.
Milcote, of which I am about to speak, is situated in this county,
two miles west of Stratford-on-Avon, and near the confluence of the
Avon and Stour. The ancient burying-place, the explorations in
which have afforded so much speculation amongst those interested
in Archeological researches, is within a few yards of the latter river,
on its south bank, and a few yards only from the house of my relation,
Mr. J. C, Adkins, whose name has already appeared in connection
with this remarkable sepulchre. In some of the printed communications
which have appeared from the pens of those who have visited the spot,
it has been stated that Mr. Adkins estimates the number of skeletons
interred there, to be fully 3,000. This estimate has been made in the
following manner :—Holes having been sunk at various times for posts,
or for planting purposes, the area occupied by the skeletons was
ascertained, and afterwards when the soil was removed from that
portion which is represented in the photograph,* the skeletons lying
there were counted, and by this means a tolerably correct idea was
formed of the number lying within the whole area. Mr. Bakewell,
writing in the Atheneum, after seeing some of the skeletons taken out,
suggested that they may have been buried in trenches, and that they
are not lying continously over the whole area. As far however as is
at present known, they are thickly and as evenly packed over fully an
acre of land as they are represented to be in the photogragh now on
the table. Previously to the exposure there represented, the men who
were engaged in obtaining gravel, merely uncovered just so many
skeletons at a time as was necessary for their work, but in this manner
a much greater space was gone over before the discovery became public
than afterwards, and the skeletons were equally thickly placed. All
evidence goes to show that they were principally the bodies of adult
men. I have now seen more than sixty taken out, and of these three
* Photograph in the Museum.
16
were obviously aged, and two only gave indications of youth, whilst
in one the wisdom teeth were only just appearing, though all the
other teeth were considerably worn with use. For the most part the
sets of teeth are as perfect as they commonly are in people at the
middle time of life, say from 30 to 50. I mention this particularly
because a contrary opinion has been expressed by Mr. Chapman, of
Oxford, who having seen rather more than a dozen skeletons taken
out, found that full one-third were either those of aged or immature
persons, one being a child not exceeding seven years old, and haying
few or none of the permanent teeth. However, Mr. Chapman has now
seen ample grounds for coming to my opinion, viz., what I have before
stated, that they are almost entirely the skeletons of men in the prime
of life. I am not aware that a female skeleton has yet been certainly
identified. +Without a single exception they are placed east and west,
some of them with the hands crossed over the abdomen, and in others
lying by their sides, the heads in some being raised, whilst in others they
are lying easily on one side. Every evidence tends to show that they
were all buried at one time, and immediately after death. In some
places they lie one upon another, but in others they form but one
layer not more than one foot to a foot and a half from the surface.
Searcely a mile from Mileote, on the other side of the Avon, and
immediately opposite the unior of the Avon and Stour, rises a hill
called Bardon Hill, and westward of the hill is a farm house called, in
the days of Dugdale, and to present time, ‘“Dodwell.” I read in the
Gentleman's Magazine for 1794, vol. iv. p. 505, the following notice:—
“In the old enclosure belonging to Dodwell, in 1777. in digging for
limestone, six human skeletons were discovered, but neither weapon
nor any other appendage.” As a geologist, I know Dodwell pretty
well, and have no doubt but that the quarry alluded to was on a spur
of the hill mentioned above, towards the west, and only a little
distance from the Stratford and Evesham road. I am the more
confirmed in this supposition by the discovery, only five or six years
ago, of several human skeletons on the south foot of the same hill,
and immediately by the side of the same road. These skeletons, as
I learn from good authority, were carefully laid east and west, and
about a foot and a half from the surface. Nothing was found with
them.
Following the Avon for a few miles in its downward course, we reach
the village of Binton, described by Dugdale as situated on the brow of
a hill. It rather occupies a hollow running into the hill, and partially
detaching a part of it, which forms a kind of promotory. At the foot
of this promotory, in lowering a garden in 1860 or 1861, several
human skeletons were found, some of which I saw taken out. They
were all lying east and west, as correctly east and west as the church.
is placed, which being only on the other side of the village street, was
fully in sight when the bones were removed. All of these were about
a foot and a half from the surface, and, with one exception, were in a
flat position on their backs. One only of those I saw was doubled up,
as if put into a hole which was too short, so that the whole of his back
17
was bent, the chin brought forward on the bosom, and the knees
raised. There gould be no reasonable doubt that this individual had
been buried immediately after death. There was one thing in connec-
tion with this skeleton which requires especial notice, viz., that the
skull was fractured, and one side of the lower jaw completely smashed
in, in such a manner that the mouth was full of detached teeth aud
splinters of bone.. From the somewhat curved or twisted form of these
splinters, I was led to conclude that they had been broken up when
the bone was tough, before it had lost its animal matter—in a word
at the time of death, and that the injury was the cause of death.
There is no reason however to suppose that this skeleton was interred
at a different time to the others, with which it was associated.
At the other extremity of the village several other skeletons were
dug out about ten years ago by some quarrymen. Of these I know
nothing, save that, like all the others, they were placed east and west,
a little more than a foot from the surface, and were unaccompanied
by weapons, coins, or pottery.
_ _ I wish now to call your attention to a notice in the Gentleman’s
Magazine, in the same volume to which I have before alluded, and
forming part of the same communication. Speaking of Welcombe the
writer says, “On the highest eminence which has traditionally the
name of Castle Hill, on the 12th of Feb., 1792, as some labourers
were digging in order to plant some fir trees, about 14 inches from the
surface of the ground they discovered many human skeletons, one
skeleton was quite perfect, in the skull of which was a piece of iron
weapon, about four inches long and somewhat less than an inch wide,
very much corroded with rust.” The writer then goes on to say that
the bones are in avery decomposed state, crumbling to dust on ex-
posure to the air. ‘A few days after,” he adds, “a person of Stratford
went out of curiosity to the spot and found an ancient weapon, if I
may so call it; the whole length was ten inches and a half; the top
part resembles a sharp spike, six inches long, and a little more than
half an inch square, from the base of which issued two collateral
branches curved downwards, the ends rudely wrought in the form of a
dragons’ head, below which was a socket in which was probably fixed
a wooden staff or handle.” ‘A dragon was, we are told, the device on
Prince Uther's Standard.”
With regard to the period and the occasion of these burying places
I can offer no satisfactory explanation. Those of Milcote, Bardon
Hill, Dodwell, and Binton seem to resemble each other so much that
we may readily suppose they are of the same period, perhaps of abso-
lutely the same date—the result of a battle which raged hottest at
Milcote, where the skeletons are most numerous. It is to battle that
we must look for the-solution. The idea of a pestilence, which was
suggested by Mr. Chapman as an explanation of these remarkable
deposits of bone, is now laid on one side by that gentleman himself,
and in a recent conversation we had on the subject, we were well
agreed on this point. The fractured cranium at Binton, as well as
several at Milcote, which bear the marks of spear or pike, speak but
18
too plainly the occasion of their being there. Again, any one seeing
the Milcote skeletons lying side by side, every one having the same
position as his fellow, and that position such a one as could be hastily
accomplished—the head either supported behind or falling easily on
one side—would at a glance conclude that all had been interred im-
mediately after death, and at one time. Dugdale, speaking of Milcote,
says that it was wrested by violence from the Saxons in the time of
Canute the Dane.* ‘There are, however, some cogent reasons for
suspecting that these skeletons are those of a people more recent than
the Saxons or Danes, one being that the skulls are like those of a
mixed race, such as the English of the present day. Indeed, they are
not distinguishable from collections of recent skulls in our museums
and schools of medicine. The Welcombe deposit may perhaps differ
from the others which I have mentioned, at any rate, in respect of the
presence of weapons, it is essentially different.
Mr. John Fetherston, Jun., then called the attention of the
members to the specimen of Roman Pottery, on the table,
which had been found in the Parish of Weston-upon-Ayon
(in which Mileote is situate), by Mr. R. F. Tomes,
associated with a Coin of the Emperor Domitian. <A few
fragments were of Samian Ware, the remainder unglazed
and of a red and grey colour.
The Winter Meeting of the Warwickshire Naturalists’
Field Club was held in the Museum, Warwick, (by kind
permission of the Council of the Natural History Society)
on Tuesday, February 14th, 1865. Mr. Parker delivered
a lecture on the ‘“‘bone caves of Liége,” and the Rey.
P. B. Brodie read a paper ‘‘on three Lias Outliers in
North Shropshire, South Cheshire, Staffordshire, and
Cumberland, and their correlation with the main range.”
The Summer Meetings were held at Fenny Compton,
on May the 25th; at Stratford-upon-Avon and Wilmcote,
on August the 9th; and the Meeting of the Archeological
section of the Club was held at Banbury, on the 19th
of September.
* Reg. de Wigorn, in bibl. Cotton, p. 1366.
a
19
The party assembled at Banbury Station at twelve
o’clock, where they were met by the Archeological
Secretary, who escorted them to Horley Church. It
is dedicated to St. Hlheldreda, and presents many
interesting features, being chiefly remarkable for a fine
series of frescoes,. the most curious being those of
St. Bridget, accompanied by household utensils; and St.
Christopher, represented crossing a river, bearing Christ
upon his shoulders, whilst out of his mouth issues a
scroll, inscribed,
‘‘What art thou, that art so young?
Bare I never so heavy a thing.”
Around him swim numerous fishes, whilst upon the bank
sits a person, in the costume of the period, trolling for
pike. In the chancel lie many sepulchral crosses and some
Norman graye stones. From Horley the party proceeded
to Hanwell Church, under the guidance of the Rey.
Vincent Pearse, the Incumbent. It contains some fine
effigies of the Cope family, and an early fresco of our Lord.
The next place visited was Wroxton Church and Abbey,
the latter the seat of Col. North, M.P., who kindly threw
open his house and grounds for the inspection of the Club.
The splendid specimens of carving, the stained armorial
glass, and the very interesting Historical and Family
Portraits, which grace the walls, detained the members
so long that they were prevented from strolling in the
grounds as they would have wished, and they proceeded
from thence to Broughton Castle, the ancient Baronial
seat of the Fiennes family. The Rev. the Lord Say and
Sele, with his wonted courtesy, gave a most kind welcome
to the members, and requested his Agent to be present to
conduct them over the Castle. As a full account of the
place is given in Beesley’s History of Banbury, together
with many memorials of the Fiennes family, especially
during the period of the civil wars, it is unnecessary to
enter upon it here. The Chapel, however, is of especial
interest, as it contains the original stone altar, supported
upon brackets. An engraving of it will be found in
Mr. Parker’s ‘“‘ Domestic Architecture.”
20
Time prevented those present from lingering as long
as they would have desired, and after viewmg Broughton
Church, with its fine monuments and heraldic curiosities,
they returned at 4. 30. p.m. to dinner at Banbury. After
dinner, the health of her Majesty having been drank, the
Secretary proposed those of the Rey. the Lord Say and
Sele, Col. North, M.P., and the Clergy who had so kindly
conduced to the enjoyment of the Field Club, by opening
their churches for their inspection, and by pointing out to
them their peculiarities. A vote of thanks was unanimously
carried, and the Secretary wrote to every person who had
assisted them, to acknowledge their courtesy.*
The attendance of Archeological members, in spite of
the most beautiful weather, was very limited, there were
present, however, the Archeological Secretary and
Miss Fetherston, Miss Edith Fetherston, Miss Katherine
Fetherston, J. W. Kirshaw, Esq., R. F. Tomes, Hsq.,
Rev. J. Gorle (Whatcote), Mr. R. Hudson and Mrs. Hud-
don, Rey. P. W. Johnson (Packwood), Mr. Redfern,
J. Perry, Esq. (Bitham House), Rev. Canon Knight
(Durham), Rey. Compton (Wroxton), Rev. G. H. Pinwell
(Horley), Rey. V. Pearse (Hanwell), Dr. Hitchman,
Mr, Fortescue, &e.
The Rey. George H. Pinwell, Incumbent of Horley,
and the Rev. Vincent Pearse were proposed as members.
The Meetings were pretty well attended on the whole.
A full report will be found in the Proceedings of the
Field Club.
* The Report, by John Fetherston, Esq., of the Meeting of the Field Club, at
Banbury, is inserted in full here, as it was sent too late for insertion in the Field
Club Proceedings.
21
Additions to the Museunr and ae
GEOLOGY.
DONATIONS.
Posodonia Brounii. Upper Lias, Anderton.
Mytilus hippocampus. Middle Lias, Hewlett’s Hill, Presented
near Cheltenham. by the
Lingula Credneri. Marl Slate, Permian durliana. Rev. P. B.
Sortis redu. New red Sandstone, Buddleigh, Brodie.
Sutterton, Devon.
Remains of Cestraciont Fishes, Palatal teeth, Defensive Spines, &c. :
From Oreton, (Mountain limestone), Salop.
Presented by Weaver Jones, Esq., Cleobury Mortimer.
Cast of the Head of the Fossil Labyrinthodon, in the Museum at
Struttgard. Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq.
Two cases of Bones of the Plesiosaurus Rugosus, and Icthyosaurus
Platyodon. From the Lima beds of the Lower Lias, at Honington,
near Shipston-on-Stour. Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq.
A Cast of the “ Pterodactylus Longirostris,” (figured in Dr. Buckland’s
Bridgewater Treatise.) (The original specimen, from Solenhofen,
is in the Collegs Museum, at Bonn.) Presented by J. W. Kirshaw,
Esq.
LIBRARY.
DONATIONS. 7
Proceedings of the Warwickshire Naturalist’s Field Club. Presented
by the Club.
Catalogue of the Library of the Philosophical and Literary Society,
Leeds, and Report, 1864—1865. Presented by that Society,
PURCHASES.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. No. 88 to 99,
- Geological Magazine. No. 10 to 21.
Palezontographical Society’s Publications :—
Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, and other Formations.
Part If. Silurian and Devonian.
Fossil Brachiopoda. Vol. III, Part VI, No. II. Devonian,
Belemnitide. Part I. Introduction.
Reptilia of the Liassic Formations. Part I.
22
Popular Science Review. Part 17 to 20.
Ray Society’s Publications :—
A Monograph of the British Spongiade. Bowerbank.
The British Hemiptara Heteroptera. Douglass and Scott.
Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown. Vol. I.
Camden Society :—
90 Relations between England and Germany, 1618—19.
91 Register of Worcester Priory.
MISCELLANEOUS.
DONATIONS.
Two lots of Broken Pottery, found in the Stone Pits (White Lias),
near Long Itchington. Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq.
Two Coins,—Penny of Harold II, (struck at London), and a Penny
of Edward IV, (struck at Durham,) by Bishop Lawrence Brook (?)
or Brooker (?). Found during alteration of Long Itchington
Church. Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq.
Foot of a Mummy, from Thebes. Presented by Mr. W. A. Whittell,
Warwick.
Eleven Antique Vases, &c., supposed to have come from Alexandria.
Presented by Mr. J. Wimbridge.
Ferns from Australia, (including leaves of the Mardoo Plant.)
Presented by Mr. Edward Reading.
Pieces of Roman Pottery, from Weston on Avon, and Bones from
Milcote. Presented by R. F. Tomes, Esq.
The following Books are missing from the Library, and are supposed
to have been taken by some Member, when the Members of the British
Association visited the Museum, August, 1865, and not entered in
Library Book.
“ Wheler’s Stratford on Avon.”
“ Life of the Earl of Leicester.”
Derham, 8. ‘“ Hydrologia Philosophia,—an account of the
Ilmington Waters, in Warwickshire. 8vo. Oxford, 1685.
The Curators will be glad to have them returned.
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24
Officers of the Society,
1866-67.
PATRON.
Tae Ricut HonovrasLeE THE EHarL oF WARWICK.
PRESIDENT.
James Cove Jones, Hsq., F.S.A., M.N.S.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
Tue Ricur Honovraste THE Hart or AYLESFORD.
Cuartes Hoxite Bracesrincs, Ese.
Waxtrer Henry Bracesriver, Esa.
Tur Rient Honovrasie Lorp Dormer.
Lorp Viscount Duncan.
Cuartes Fretuerston-Dmxe, Esa.
Epwarp Greaves, Esa.
Ricnarp Greaves, Esa.
Tne Ricut Honovuraste Lorp Lerten, F.Z.S.
Grorce Luoyp, Ese., M.D., F.G.S.
Sir Cuartes Morpaunt Bart., M.P.
Sm Grorce Ricnarp Pumps, Bart.
Marx Paris, Esa.
Eve tyn Pam Suareney, Ese., F.8.A.
Joun Staunton, Esa.
Tue Ricut Honovraste Lorp Wit.oucusy DE Broke.
Henry Curistorner Wisk, Hsa., M.P.
HONORARY SECRETARIES.
Tue Rey. Perer Betuincer Bropviz, M.A., F.G.§.
Joun Witu1am Kirsnaw, F.G.S.
25
HONORARY CURATORS,
Geology und Mineralogy.
The REY. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S.| JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S,
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. | R. F. TOMES, Esq., F.Z.S.
WILLIAM VAUGHAN RUSSELL, Esq, F.G.S.
Hotany.
FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq,, F.B.S.E,
Doology.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esg., F.Z.S.
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A.
Archvologn.
MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esq. | JOHN FETHERSTON, Jun.Esq., F.S.A.
W. B. DICKINSON, Esq., M.R.C.S. GEORGE T. ROBINSON, Esq,, F.G.H.S.
P. 0. CALLAGHAN, Esq., M.A., L.L.D., D.C.L., F.S.A.
Hibrary.
CHARLES DURNFORD. GREENWAY, ,Esa.
TREASURER.
EDWARD GREAVES. Ese. :
AUDITOR.
KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esa.
COUNCIL.
The PATRON JAMES DUGDALE, Esa.
The PRESIDENT MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN H. FREER:
The VICE-PRESIDENTS RICHARD GREAVES, Esq.
The HONORARY SECRETARIES . W. H. PARSEY, Esq., M.D.
The HONORARY CURATORS The REV. EDMUND ROY, M.A.
The TREASURER ; JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS, Ese.
The AUDITOR THOMAS. SEDDON SCHOLES, Ese.
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. THOMAS THOMSON, Esq., M.D.
The REY. T. J. CARTWRIGHT, JOHN TIBBITS, Esq., M.D.
THOMAS COTTON, Esa.
¢
26
Wist of Hlembers,
1866.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Tur Rev. Apam Szepewror, B.D., F.R.S., F.L:8., F.G.8.,
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of
Cambridge, dc.
Rozert Epmonp Grant, M.D.,F:R.SS8.L. &E., F.R.C.P.E.,
F.L.S., F.G.8., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparitive Anatomy
and Zoology at the University College, London, éc., Grafton
Place, Euston Square, London.
Joun Puts, Eso., M.A., F.B.8., F.G.8., Professor of
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University of
Oxford, &c., Oxford.
Lrevrenant-Conronen Witriam Henry Syxzes, M.P.,
F.B.S., F.L.S., F.G.8., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde
Park, London.
Samuet Brron, Eso, LL.D., F.8.A., Keeper of Oriental
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of the
Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin,
Gottingen, Herculaneum, dc., dc.
Anerrt Way, Esa, M.A., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British
Archaological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the ‘Comité des
Arts et Monuments,’ Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey.
Gxorce Luoyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham Heath.
27
MEMBERS.
THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS.
The Right Honourable Karl of Aylesford, Packington Hall,
Vice-President.
' W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington.
Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick.
William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington.
Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator.
*Charles Holte Bracebridge, Hsq., Atherstone Hall, Vice-
President.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Hisq., Moreville House, Sher-
bourne, Vice-President.
The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.8., Rowing-
ton, Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator.
Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Harl Brooke
and Karl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron.
William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Charles Marriott Caldecott, Hsq., Holbrook Grange, near
Rugby.
The Rev. Theodore John Cartwright, Preston Bagot,
Member of Council.
W. H. Childe, Esq., Alveston.
P. O. Callaghan, Esq., M.A., L.L.D., D.C.L., F.§.A.,
Leamington. Member of Council.
A. Cameron Campbell, Hsq., Monzie, Scotland, and
Leamington.
Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick.
The Rev. Thomas Cochrane, M.A., the Leycester Hospital,
Warwick.
28
Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick.
Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth,
Member of Council.
Thomas B. Dale, Esq., Warwick.
William Binley Dickinson, Esq., M.R.C.8., M.N.S., No. 5,
Lansdowne Circus, Leamington, Hon. Curator.
The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord
Dormer, Groye Park, Vice-President.
The Lord Viscount Duncan, Vice-President.
James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Member of
Council.
John Fetherston, Jun., Esq., F.S.A., Packwood House,
Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator.
Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq., Maxstoke Castle, near
Coleshill, Vice-President. ,
J. Elkington, Esq., Packwood House, Birmingham.
Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Clifton Villa, Leam
Terrace, Leamington, Member of Council.
Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill,
John Goodhall, Esq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick.
*Hdward Greaves, Esq., Avonside, Barford, Vice-President
and Treasurer.
Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House, Warwick, Vice-
President.
Miss Greenway, Warwick.
Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Charles Durnford Greenway, Hsq., Hon. Curator.
The Rev. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road,
Leamington.
Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury,
London, W.C.
29
Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick.
William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon.
Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M.R.C.8., Leamington. °
The Rev. Thomas Jackson, Hatton.
The Rev. John Jameson, M.A., High Street, Warwick.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S., Loxley House, .
President.
Miss Kimberly, Warwick.
John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary
and Hon. Curator.
Mrs. Lamb, Warwick.
The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh,
F.Z.8., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President.
The Rey. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy.
Major Machen, Leamington.
Mr. Samuel Mallory, Warwick.
Miss Moor, No. 5, Waterloo Place, Leamington.
‘John Moore, Esq., Warwick.
Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., M.P., Walton, Vice-President.
George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick.
Philip William Newsam, Hsq., Warwick.
The Rey. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton.
The Rey. EH. St. John Parry, Principal of Leamington
College.
William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton, Member of
Council.
Arthur Wellesley Peel, Esq., MP., Sandy, Bedfordshire.
Owen Pell, Esq., Leamington.
The Rev. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New
Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C.
Sir George Richard Philips, Bart, Weston Hall, near
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President.
30
Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-President.
George William John Repton, Esq., M.P.
The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., No. 3, Beauchamp Terrace
East, Leamington.
George Thomas Robinson, Esq., F.G.H.S., Leamington,
Hon, Curator.
Josiah Yeomans Robins, Esq., Myton. Member of Council.
The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth, Member of
Council.
William Vaughan Russell, Esq., F.C.S., Leamington,
Hon. Curator.
Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street,
Leamington. Member of Council.
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F.8.A., Eatington Park,
near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President.
William Smith, Esq., Warwick.
John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council.
Henry Summerfield, Esq., Warwick.
Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace,
Leamington, Member of Council.
Sir Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland,
Faringdon, Vice-President.
John Tibbitts, Esq., M.D., Warwick. Member of Council.
Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Welford, near Strat-
ford-on-Avon. Hon. Curator.
The Rey. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator.
Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.§.H., Oakfield,
Leamington, Hon. Curator.
William Walker, Esq., Warwick.
James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford-
upon-Avon.
31
*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bed-
worth.
The Right Honourable Henry Verney, Lord Willoughby
de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President.
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek
Wootton, Vice-President.
J. Wimbridge, Hsq., Warwick.
Sir Trevor Wheler, Bart., Leamington.
Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby.
The Rey. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash.
1836—1853
1853—1867
1836—1837
1837—1838
1838—1839
1839—1840
1840—1841
1841—I842
1842—1843
1843—I1844
1844—I845
1845—I846
1846—1847
1847—1848
1848—1849
1849—1850
1850—1851
1851—1852
1852—I853
1853—1854
1854—1855
1855—1856
1856—1857
1°57—1858
1858—1859
1859—I£60
1860—1861
Ig6I—1862
1&62—1863
I863—I864
1864—I°65
1365—I*66
1866—I867
32
Hist of Patrons and Presidents,
From 1886 to 1867.
PATRONS.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY RICHARD GREVILLE,
EARL BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK, K.T, LL.D.
THE RICHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, EARL
BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK.
PRESIDENTS.
CHANDOS LEIGH, ESQ., F.H.S.
SIR JOHN MORDAUNT, BART, M.P.
SIR JOHN EARDLEY EARDLEY WILMOT, BART., M.P., F.R.S.
WILLIAM HOLBECHE, ESQ, F.G.S.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, LORD
BROOKE. .
CHARLES HOLTE BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ.
WILLIAM STAUNTON, ESQ.
SIR FRANCIS LAWLEY, BART., F.HS., F.ZS.
SIR GRAY SKIPWITH, BART.
SIR JOHN ROBERT CAVE BROWNE CAVE, BART.
THE MOST HONOURABLE SPENCER JOSHUA ALWYNE
COMPTON, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON, D.C.L., PRESIDENT
R.S., F.S.A., Hon. M.RI.A,, F.G.S.
EVELYN JOHN SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P.
THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH.
SIR THEOPHILUS BIDDULPH, BART.
CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ.
MARK PHILIPS, ESQ.
HENRY CHRISTOPHER WISE, ESQ.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
WALTER HENRY BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ.
CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH, LORD
LEIGH, F.ZS.
EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ.
THE REV. VAUGHAN THOMAS, B.D.
SIR GEORGE RICHARD PHILIPS, BART.
EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ.; MP.
EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., MP.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ.
RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ.
JAMES COVE JONES, ESQ., F.SA., M.N.S.
338
The Meetings of the Council are held on the First
‘Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January,
and the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Haster week.
The Museum is open daily to the Members and their
Friends from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Hleven
o’clock to Four between the First of November and the
last day of February.
Non-Subscribers are admitted on payment of an
admission fee of sixpence each.
The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on
Mondays and Tuesdays.
The Annual Subscriptions for 1866 are due on the
24th day of May; and the Council urgently request
that the Subscribers will cause them to be paid to the
Treasurer, at the Bank of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and
Greenways, Warwick; or to Mr. William Delatour
Blackwell, the Collector of Subscriptions, Leicester
Street, Leamington.
PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK.
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WARWICK:
52 iota
SS Uh or
WARWICKSHIRE
NATURAL HISTORY
ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
ESTABLISHED MAY 247, 1836.
THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS,
READ AT THE
ANNIVERSARY MEETIN G, APRIL 27th, 1867.
Tue Council, in presenting their annual report to the
members, congratulate them on the continued prosperity
of the Society.
Numerous and valuable additions have been made to
the Museum and Library, by donation and purchase,
during the past year.
The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arranging
a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and some
of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small but
judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon
make the entire Geological collection most valuable and
instructive, and one of the best out of London. At present
the collections of Natural History and Geology forma
good educational medium for all classes, and it is of the
utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency,
2
A fine example of the ‘‘Megaceros’—*‘ Fossil deer of
Treland,”’ from Lough Gur, near Limerick, has been
presented to the Society, by Richard Greaves, Esq., and
is now placed in the Geological room of the Museum.
Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a
collection properly, and for the same reason it is much
less profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes
of general instruction.
Though some of the desiderata have been filled up,
there are several formations which are still very defective,
amongst which may be enumerated the following :—
The Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes,
Sconce, Headon hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham.
London Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and
Lower Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower
Silurian will be very acceptable. The aid of the members
is particularly requested in procuring fossils from the
County, especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permain,
as it should be the chief aim of all local Museums to have
as fine a suite as possible from the strata which occur in
the immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out.
BRITISH MAMMALIA.
Although no addition has been made to the British
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the
collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assis-
tance in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which
8
migrate, and which therefore in some species can only be
obtained as stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and
though some are rarer than others, all may be obtained
with tolerable certainty, by those residing in such parts
of the Country as they are known to inhabit. With the
exception of the marine species, such as the Whales and
Porpoises, there are none which might not take their place
in our collection of British fere. We have already some
of the largest of the land animals, as the Red Deer and
Roebuck, both presented by Edward Greaves, Esq. A
mounted specimen of the Fallow Deer, and of the two
kinds of Martin, i.e., the yellow breasted, and the white
breasted Martin, would go far towards the completion of
the collection of the terrestrial Mammalia of Great Britain.
We earnestly hope that some friends to this Institution
will kindly furnish one or other of these desiderata. Of
the smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and Bats, a few
kinds are wanting, but these the Curators believe that
they shall before long be able to supply.
ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
In our report for 1865 we unaccountably omitted to
advert to the re-arrangement of the collection of birds,
which took place when the repairs of the Museum were
brought to a close. The room containing the collection
underwent a thorough cleaning, and the specimens were
taken out, examined, carefully cleaned, and returned to
the cases. The windows of the rooms, the approaches to
which were awkwardly blocked up with cases, were relieved
of their obstructions, the specimens which were in these
cases, being transported to their proper places in the
series to which they respectively belonged.
4
But the most important change which has been made in
this department, is the separation of the British from the
Exotic species. In nearly all the extensive Natural
History Museums in Europe the native species are now
fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately been
the case in our National Museum, and whereas the
observer had before this change to seek laboriously through
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated
specimens which had formed the collection of some
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel
Montague,—he may now see them all placed side by side
in the gallery devoted to British Zoology. And with them
he may also see ranged the gems from the collection of the
late Mr. Yarrell. The advantage of such an arrangement
is obvious.
When the Archeological Institute held its meeting at
Warwick, the Bishop of Oxford, a good Ornithologist, and
the possessor of a collection of the birds of the eastern
Counties of England, paid a visit to our museum, and
was much pleased to see the British Birds placed by
themselves. He observed, with great truth, ‘‘ you cannot
vie with the larger Museums in a general collection, but
you may excel them if you confine yourselves to a purely
local collection.” Fully agreeing with this opinion, the
Hon. Curators, while enlarging the collection of British
Birds, propose to do so, as much as possible, by means of
specimens obtained in Warwickshire, or the contiguous
Counties. They offer these remarks in the hope that the
friends of the Institution, will assist them in carrying out
their views, by the donation of some of the species forming
the following list of desiderata :—
5
Order 1. Accipitress, Linn.
Egyptian Vulture, .. .. ..Neophron Perenopterus, (Linn.)
Griffon Vulture, .. .. ..Gyps fulvus, (Gmel.)
Rough-legged Buzzard .. ..Archibuteo Lagopus, (Briin.)
Spotted Eagle, .. .. .. ..Aquila nevia, (Gmel.) Mey.
Jer-falcon,.. .. .. .. ..Falco Gyrfalco, Linn. é
Red-footed Falcon -- .-Tinnunculus vespertinus, (Linn.)
Swallow-tailed Kite .. .. ..Nauclerus furcatus, (Linn.) Vigors.
Goshawk, .. .. .. .. ..Astur palumbarius, (Linn.) Bechst.
Montagu’s Harrier, .. .. .. Circus cinerascens, (Mont.)
Hawk Owl.. .. .. .. ..Surnia ulula, (Linn.) Bonap.
Snowy Owl, [British specimen,]Nyctea nivea, (Thunb.)
Little Owl .. .. .. .. ..Athene noctua, (Retz.)
Great-eared Owl, [female,] ..Bubo maximus, Sibb. ;
_Tengmalm’sOwl .. .. ..Nyctale Tengmalmi, (Gmel.) Strickl:
Order 2. Passeres, Cuv.
Alpine Swift, .. .. .. ..Cypselus Melba, Linn.
Roller,.. .. .. .. .. ..Coracias garrula, Linn.
Bee-eater, [British specimen,].. Werops Apiaster, (Linn.)
Dartford Warbler, .. .. ,. Sylvia undata, (Bodd.)
Garden Warbler, [female,] .. Sylvia hortensis, (Penn.)
Fire-crested Regulus, ,. ..Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm.
Plain-crowned Kinglet, .. ..Regulus proregulus, (Pall.)
Black Redstart, [Brit. specimen] Ruticilla tithys, (Scop.)
Blue-throated Warbler, .. ..Cyanecula suecica, Linn.
Alpine Accentor, .. .. ..Accentor alpinus, Gmel. Bechst.
Crested Tit, we . .-Parus cristatus, Linn.
White Wagtail .. .. .. ..Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.]
Grey-headed Wagtail, .. ..Motacilla flava, Linn.
Rock Pipit,.. .. .. .. ..Anthus spinoletta, (Linn.)
Richard’s Pipit,.. ater .-Anthus Richardi, (Vieill.)
White’s Thrush, +. «» «.Durdus varius, Horsf.
Rock Thrush, .. - .- ..Lurdus saxatilis, Linn.
Golden Oriole, .. --Oriolus Galbula, Linn.
Gold-yented Thrush, --Pycnonotus aurigaster, (Vieill.)
Great Ash-coloured Shrike[fem]Lanius Excubitor, Linn.
Woodchat Shrike, -. ..Enneoctonus refus, (Briss.)
Nutcracker, - +. .. ..Nucifraga caryocatactes, (Linn.) Briss.
Rose-coloured Ouzel[{Brit.spec.] Pastor roseus, (Linn.) Temm.
Red-winged Starling, .. ..Agelaius pheniceus, (Linn.) Vieill.
Mountain Linnet, .. .. -Fringilla flavirostris, Linn.
Cirl Bunting, .. «. ..Hmberiza Cirlus, Linn.
Ortolan Bunting, .. .. ..Emberiza hortulana, Linn.
Lapland Bunting, .. .. ..Plectrophanes lapponicus, (Linn.) Selb.
Short-toed Lark, ., .. ..Alauda brachydactyla, Temm.
Crested Lark, .. .. ... ..Alauda cristata, Linn.
Shore Lark, .. .. .. ..Otocoris alpestris, (Linn.)
Parrot Cross-bill, .. .. ..Loaia pityopsittacus, Bechst,
White-winged Cross-bill,.. .. Lowia leucoptera, Gmel,
ee .
Order 3.
American Cuckoo,
Great spotted Cuckoo,
6
Scansores, Ill.
--Coccyzus americanus, (Linn.)
--Oxylophus glandarius, (Linn.)
Order 4, Colbumbx, Lath.
Rock Dove, seo st
Passenger Pigeon, ..
-- Columba Livia, Briss.
. .-Ectopistes migratorius, (Linn.) Swains.
Order 5. Gallinz, Linn,
Barbary Partridge, .. ..
Andalusian Hemipode, ..
Virginian Colin, Gee ne
Order 6.
Great Bustard,.. .. ..
Little Bustard,.. ..
Order 7.
Great Plover, .. enase
Cream-coloured palais if
Kentish Plover,.. .. ..
Crane,.. .. Hf
Great White Heron,. =
Egret, [British specimen, ]
Squacco Heron,. -
Buff-backed Heron, Bie. oats
American Bittern, .. .
Spoon-bill,.. .. =
Wihite StaEke) ats wasp ia
Black Stork; peal sie)t hae
Spotted Redshank, Bree ie
Wood Sandpiper, .. ..
Avocet... .. aa
Black- winged Stilt, . mia tyne
Buff-breasted Sandpiper,. .
Broad-billed Sandpiper; ..
Schintz’s Sandpiper, oe
Pectoral Sandpiper .. ..
Brown Snipe, .. .. «-
Sabine’s Snipe,.. .. ..
Red-necked Phalarope ..
Baillon’s Crake,.. .. ..
Little Crake, .. .. ..
--Caccabis petrosa, (Lath.)
.-Turniz gibraltaricus, (Gmel.) Gould.
--Ortyx virginianus, (Linn.) Gray.
Strathiones, Lath,
.. Otis tarda, Linn.
.. Otis tetrax, Linn.
Gralle, Linn.
. . Edicnemus crepitans, Temm,
..Cursorius gallicus, (Gmel.)
.. Charadrius cantianus, Lath.
.-Grus cinerea, Bechst.
- Ardea alba, Gmel.
.. Ardea Garzetta, Linn.
.. Ardea comata, Pall.
..- Ardea coromanda, Bodd.
. -Botaurus lentiginosus, Mont.
.-Platalea leucorodia, Linn.
.-Ciconia alba, Briss.
..-Ciconia nigra, Bechst.
..-Totanus stagnalis, Bechst.
.-Totanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm.
.-Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn.
--Himantosus candidus, Bonn.
.- Tringa refescens, Vieill.
.- Tringa platyrhyncha, Temm.
.. Tringa Schinzii, Brehm.
-.Tringa pectoralis, Say.
.-Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach.
--Gallinago Sabini, (Vigors.)
. -Phalaropus hyperboreus, (Linn.) Cuvier.
--Ortygometra pygmea, (Naum.)
--Ortygometra minuta, (Pall.)
.
{
7
Order 8. Anseres, Linn.
Spur-winged Goose... .. ..Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph.
Common Wild Goose, .. ..Anser ferus, Gesn.
White-fronted Goose, .. ..Anser erythropus, (Linn.) Flem.
Pink-footed Goose, .. .. ..Amnser brachyrhynchus, Baill.
Bernicle Goose,.. .. .. ..Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) Steph.
Red-breasted Goose,.. .. ..Bernicla ruficollis, (Pall.) Steph.
Polish Swan, .. -. -- ..Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrell.
Whistling Swan, .. .. ..Cygnus ferus, Ray.
Bewick’s Swan,.. . ..Cygnus minor, Pall.
American Swan, ++ «+ «Cygnus americanus, Sharpless.
Ruddy Shieldrake, .. .. ..Casarka rutila, (Pall.)
American Wigeon, .. .. ...Mareca americana, (Gmel.) Steph.
Bimaculated Duck, .. .. ..Querquedula bimaculata, (Penn.)
Gadwall, .. e» .-Chaulelasmus strepera, (Linn.)
Red-crested Whistling Duck, ..Branta rufina, (Pall.) Boie.
Scaup Pochard,.. .. .. ..Fuligula Marila, (Linn.) Steph.
Ferruginous Duck, Bn oe aks |. Nyroca leucophthalma, (Bechst.) Flem.
Harlequin Garrot, .. .. ..Clangula histrionica, (Linn.) Steph.
Long-tailed Hareld,.. .. ..Harelda glacialis, (Linn.) Leach.
Steller’s Western Duck . ..Eniconetta Stelleri, (Pall.)
King Duck, os ee ef «-Somateria spectabilis, (Linn.) Steph.
Surf Scoter, .. .. .. ..Oidemia perspicillata, (Linn.) Steph.
Red-breasted Merganser,.. ..Mergus Serrator, Linn.
Hooded Merganser, .. ..Mergus cucullatus, Linn.
Red-necked Grebe, .. .. ..Podiceps grisegena, (Bodd.) Lath.
Sclavonian Grebe, .. . .-Podiceps cornutus, (Gmel.) Lath.
GreatAuk, 4.9 36, 50, 5 ..Alca impennis, Linn.
Manx Shearwater, .. .. ..Pufinus Anglorum, Ray.
Cinereous Shearwater, . .«.Puffinus cinereus, Gmel.
Wilson’s Petrel,.. .. . .-Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl.
Fork-tailed Petrel, .. - .«-Thalassidroma Leachii, (Temm.)
Bulwer’s Petrel,.. .. .. ..Zhalassidroma Bulweri, (J. & S.) Gould.
Buffon’s Skua, .. .. . .Stercorarius cephus, (Briinn.)
Common Skua,.. . ..Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn.
Glaucous Gull,.. .. . «Larus glaucus, Briin.
Iceland Gull, .. .. . Larus leucopterus, Faber.
Little Gull,.. .. .. . .. Larus minutus, Pall.
Sabine’s Gull, .. .. ..Aema Sabini, Leach.
Ivory Gull,.. .. -«.Pagophila eburnea, (Gmel.) Kaup.
Caspian Tern, .. .. Sterna caspia, Pall.
Gull-billed Tern, -. «Sterna anglica, Mont.
Sandwich Tern,.. -. ..Sterna cantiaca, Gmel. ,
Roseate Tern, - «. «Sterna paradisea, Briin.
White- winged Black Tern, . Hydrochelidon nigra, (Linn.)
Black Noddy, .. .. .. ..Amnédus stolidus, (Linn.) Catesby.
8 © © © © ©
8 e
8
The Accounts for the Year have been audited, and
the General Financial Statement to March 31st, 1867,
is appended to this report.
The Museum, now containing a valuable and well-
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and
Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not
extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is
highly creditable to the Town and County of Warwick,
and deserves a much greater amount of support than it
has of late years received. An excellent foundation has
been laid, but much might be effected if adequate means
were placed at the disposal of the Council.
Owing to the losses, by death, of several subscribers
during the past year, and the small number of additional
members, the funds of the Society are in a less
satisfactory condition than could be desired. A reference
to the list of subscribers will show that only a few of the
rich and influential residents in the County belong to the
Society. If the members would solicit annual subscrip-
tions from their friends and neighbours, it is probable
that a considerable addition would be made to the funds
of the Society.
The Council have much pleasure in stating that the
upper room has now been enlarged and otherwise improved,
giving thereby increased accommodation for specimens, so
much needed, and will enable them to make many
additional and important alterations which the crowded
state of the rooms rendered essential.
a
After the business was finished at the Annual Meeting,
the following papers were read :—
By Dr. O’Callaghan, LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A., on the
«‘Recent discovery of Human Remains in the Priory
Grounds, Warwick.
My attention was called to a paragraph in the Times newspaper,
of the 25th of August last, announcing that a discovery of human
bones had been lately made by some labourers when at work in a’
garden near the Priory at Warwick. I lost no time in visiting the
locality where this discovery was said to have been made. The Priory
and grounds adjoining have lately been purchased by Mr. Thos. Lloyd,
of the well-known banking house of that name in Birmingham. The
house is a good specimen of an English mansion of the time of Queen
Elizabeth, but it has few traces left of its monastic or ecclesiastical
character. It is now undergoing the process of restoration, or rather
of re-edification, and in good taste. In laying out the grounds before
the south front of the house, for an ornamental garden, it was found
necessary to break up the old grass lawn into flower beds. In digging
into the soil, to form these beds, the workmen came upon the remains
of several human bodies, which lay at a depth of about two feet
from the surface. However, as it was supposed that this place had
been the old burial ground of the Proiry, the remains were carefully
replaced, and covered over with fhe soil. On coming over from
Leamington te make inquiry for myself about this curious discovery,
I found the gardener, who had the direction of the work, a very
intelligent man, anxious to give me every assistance. Mrs. Lloyd, in
the absence of her husband, kindly placed this man, with several
labourers, at my disposal. We proceeded at once to break up that
part of the ground in which the skeletons were left undisturbed. In
a short time we came upon the osseous remains of several human
bodies, but in a very decomposed and crumbling condition. , They did
not appear to me to have been originally disposed in any regular order,
for, although their direction in general was east and west, there were
10
remarkable exceptions, even in the small portion of ground which we
broke up: In one case a skeleton lay at right angles with the others,
and in another curious instance the body appeared to have been
doubled up upon itself. The only skulls which we were enabled to
remove in tolerable condition, and from which any ethnological
indications could be deduced, were of strikingly opposite conformation.
One nearly perfect, but wanting the lower jaw, is of enormous
capacity, and decidedly Brachycephalic. The other, not quite so
perfect, is an admirable specimen of the Dolichocephalic cranium, of
extreme scaphoidal form. I think it would be very difficult to find
two more characteristic specimens of these opposite types: But the
peculiarity of these interments, with which [ was forcibly struck, was
that the bodies had all been deposited in fine washed sand, evidently
brought from a distance. There were no superincumbent stones, nor
stones of any kind to form a grave: not a trace of wooden coffin, or of
anything of wood or metal.’ The bodies were apparently placed in
shallow trenches, in which the originally thin soil, on the rock, had
‘been supplemented with this river send. The soil, of course, would
subsequently deepen from the accumulation of ages. Or the whole
burial surface may have been the base of a Jargetumulus. This mode
of burial was certainly unlike any Christian sepulture; and which,
indeed, could not have been required ia a locality so near to the old
churchyard, which has been made use of, for that purpose, during
historic times. The site of this curious burial place is an elevated
plateau, which overlooks the surrounding country, and which no
doubt had been secured as a commanding military position, in ancient
British, Roman, or Saxon times. Tacitus tells us that Publius
Ostorius, Lieutenant to the Roman Emperor Claudius, raised several
forts on the banks of the river Avon, and Severn. Indeed, it is not
probable that such a strong military position would have been overlooked
during the roman occupation of thisisland; therefore in all likelihood
this place had been at one time a fortified camp, enclosed by earth-
works, which have been long since removed by cultivation. Stukely
says that on removing an ancient tumulus at the Roman station of
High Cross (Venones), on the borders of Warwickshire, many human
skeletons were found lying flat on the ground under the base of the
mound. But the most striking resemblance to this burial ground was
discovered a few years ago not far from the same station at Clayster,
11
or Claybrook. I have been informed by Mr. J. T. Burgess, editor of |
the Leamington Courier, who has been for some years. industriously
engaged in exploring the local antiquities of this neighbourhood, that
in a railway cutting at that place, the workmen passed through an
ancient burial ground in which the remains of the bodies were found
like those at Warwick, laid in graves filled with fine sand. There ig
no doubt that Clayster had been a Roman station, not only from its
name and history, but likewise from the number of Roman relics found
there. I should have said before, that similar relics of Roman occupa-
tion had been found in a railway cutting not far from this Priory
garden. Several of these relics are deposited in the Warwick Museum.
There is abundant, evidence that sand had been used in this manner in
Roman sepulture in many places in England, and that it was brought
from considerable distances for that purpose. Mr. George Moore, of
Bath, one of the most distinguished of our provincial geologists, tells
Mr. Burgess, in a letter lately received from him, that he has found
fine sand in Roman stone coffins, near Bath, and that from its com-
position, he has no doubt that it must have been brought from the
Mendip Hills. My belief, therefore, is that this was a pre-Christian
burial ground, most probably Roman. I have been strengthened in
this opinion, since my attention was directed to an old Sandstone
quarry close by, in which the rock had been cut vertically about
thirty feet deep. In the exposed face of this escarpment several
curious excavations may be seen, In some of these I found still
remaining pieces of burnt bones mixed with ashes and charcoal;
supporting the idea that the remains of human bodies had been
deposited in these recesses after cremation. Could this place have
been the ancient Roman “ Presidium” said to have been at Warwick?
‘It is undoubtedly the highest and the most commanding position in
the town, or neighbourhood, and the most eligible for a military camp.
My sole object in making this communication to the society is simply
to have a public and local record made of this interesting antiquarian
discovery.
*,* Since this paper of Dr. O’Callaghan’s was read, a further exploration of the
excavations in the quarry have been made, under the superintendance of Mr. Lloyd
and the Author, and a large quantity of burnt bones, mixed with charred wood and
ashes, were found. But the most interesting discoveries made on this occasion, were
the fragments of large earthen vases, which no doubt have been sepulchral.
12
Mr. M. H. Bloxam, of Rugby, then read an interesting
paper on ‘‘Warwickshire in August, 1642, before the
raising of the Royal Standard at Nottingham.”
It may not be difficult to trace the causes which gradually led to the
great civil war’ of the seventeenth century, but the actual commence-
ment of the war, that is, the first contest between the King’s forces
and those of the Parliament, in which blood was shed, is left in some
obscurity. In the spring of 1642 the King was in Yorkshire. On the
23rd of April, attended by a guard only and some of the gentry of that
county, he was denied admission into Hull, then fortified, and con-
taining a magazine of arms and ammunition, and held by a garrison
for the Parliament. The King and the Parliament now prepared for
the inevitable contest; there was no standing army, but on each side
money was raised by voluntary contributions of money and plate, with
which soldiers were levied and paid. The troops on the side of the
Parliament consisted chiefly of the trained bands of London and the
musters from different counties, mostly from the towns. The King
had on his side a majority of the country gentry, who armed their
tenants and mounted them as far as circumstances would allow. The
old feudal system was to a certain extent still existing. It was hardly
till the end of July that either side was able to take the field. In the
month of August actual warfare had commenced. On the 12th of that
month the King issued a proclamation, and shortly after, being in-
formed the Parliamentary forces were on the route from London and
the south to garrison Coventry, he determined, if possible, to prevent
the hostile occupation of that City. | Warwickshire lying in the centre
of the kingdom seemed destined to be the trysting ground in which
the first blow was to be struck, for it is difficult to find earlier incidents
involving bloodshed than those which took place in this county.
There is in the British Museum a collection known as ‘‘ the King’s
Pamphlets,” haying been collected or purchased by George the Third.
This collection contains an innumerable number of publications, news
letters, &c., estimated at notless than 30,000, all relating to this
period, many of them printed in a small quarto form, and written by
parties who were present at the occurrences, and at the time they
happened. From one of these scarce publications it appears that one
138
of the earliest military movements, attended with bloodshed, took
place from Rugby, early in the month of August, 1642, by a troop of
horse under the command of Captain John Smith, a native of Skilts,
in this county. This Captain Smith, atthe battle of Edgehill, greatly
distinguished himself, by rescuing the Royal standard as it was being
carried off the field by a party of the Parliamentary soldiers; for this
he was knighted. In 1644 he died at Oxford, and was buried with
military honours in the Cathedral. His life was published in a small
quarto volume, printed at Oxford in 1644, entitled “ Briltanice
Virtutis Imago; or the effigies of true fortitude, expressed to the life
in the famous actions of that incomparable knight, Major General
Smith, who is here represented.” From that work the following is an
extract:—“ By this time the cockatrice of this rebellion was grown to
some maturity; and amongst all who sought to lop the growing
monster, our noble Captain Smith gave one of the /irst blows, the
particulars whereof as they are related authentically by the Herald
(who extorted the relation from his own mouth) I will here insert.
In the beginning of August, 1642, he marched with the Lord John
Steward’s troop into Warwickshire, there to meet the noble Earl of
Northampton, who was there in arms for his Majesty. Captain
Bortue’s troop marched with him, and at Rugby, on the edge of the
aforesaid county, he quartered the 8th of that month, where he under.
stood, that at Kilsby in Northamptonshire, about two miles distant»
the inhabitants had put themselves in arms against his Majesty's
proclamation. He therefore conceiving it fit to disarm them, did
that night set a strong guard in Rugby, of about thirty horse, to the
end he might draw out of the town at any hour with the least noise or
notice. Before break of day he marched out, the morning being very
wet, and before it was light coming to Kilsby town-side drew up his
horse in a body. As soon as it was clear day he entered the town,
where presently he found the people gathering together, some with
muskets or other guns, others with pitch -forks, and clubs; he asked
‘What they meant,’ and told them he had no purpose to do them harm,
entreating them to deliver up their arms for his Majesty’s service.
The unruly people no whit hearkened to his courteous desires, but
furiously assaulted his troops (which could not be drawn up in a body,
in regard of the straitness of the passage), they wounded two or three
14
of his men and some horses, yet made he shift to disarm some of them.
And then advances to the constable’s house, where he finds more
company, but commanding his men not to discharge a pistol upon
pain of death, hoping yet by fair means to qualifiy them. Immediately
divers shots are made from the windows at him. Whereupon he
commanded his men to give fire, and so presently despatched three or
four of them, which the others perceiving ran away, all except an old
man, that with his pitch-fork ran at Captain Smith, and twice struck
the tines against his breast, who by reason of his arms under a light
coat, received no hurt; yet could not this old man by any intreaty be
pursuaded to forbeare, till a pistol quieted him. Here he took forty
muskets, and the same day marched towards the valiant Earl of
Northampton, whom he met with Brooke’s ordnance about three
miles from Warwick, and attended him thither.” There is no entry
in the parish register of Kilsby about this time, there being a void, as
in most registers, but I have conversed with old people in Kilsby,
and the number of persons slain in this encounter, is, by tradition,
said to have been fourteen. In the letters of Nehemiah Wharton, a
subaltern officer in the Earl of Essex’s army in the early part of the
Civil Wars, and who was quartered at Rugby on the 19th of September,
1642, he informs us, ‘“ This town (Rugby) also was lately disarmed by
the Cavaliers on the Sabbath day, the inhabitants being at church.”
An exploit, though it be not mentioned in his life, I attribute to
Captain John Smith. In the latter part of August, 1642, the King
came out of Leicestershire into Warwickshire, with a body of horse
computed at about 1,500. I fancy he crossed the Avon near Rugby,
and, taking Kings Newnham on his way, the seat of Lord Dunsmore,
afterwards created Earl of Chichester, he proceeded by way of Wolston,
on to Coventry. The King in his way over Dunsmore Heath is said,
by tradition, to have halted and dined under an oak tree near the Foss
yoad in the parish of Wolston. I well remember the tree, thus
traditionally noticed; it was rapidly falling into decay, although
preserved as long as possible; and some thirty years ago a wintry
storm felled it to the ground. In the year 1825, I walked over to
Wolston, in company with a late and revered friend, Mr. Edward
Pretty, sometime drawing master to Rugby School, and as a draftsman
inferior to few. He then took a sketch of this tree which I still retain.
’
15
The tree stood on high ground, and at no great distance, near the
river, stood an ancient mansion, still existing, formerly belonging to
the Wigston family, and where, in the reign of Elizabeth, some of the
Martin Marprelate tracts were surreptitiously printed. From hence
the King proceeded on his march to Coventry. In a letter, entitled
“ News from the City of Norwich,” dated August the 26th, it is stated
—‘In this great and general distraction of several counties, there is
most certain note given by credible information that there are great
store of troops on Dunsmore Heath, who do violently take away arms
by night, and thereby strike a great terror into the inhabitants, it
being also for certain reported that the King intends to be there on the
24th of this month.” In the middle of Warwickshire at this time
stood the fair and famous city of Coventry, the favourite occasional
abode of kings, more especially of Henry the Sixth. I take the
description of this city as it was given by one, only eight years before
the time I am treating of, viz., 1634:—‘“ This city as it is sweetly
situated on a hill, so it is beautify’d with many fayre streets and
buildings, and for defence thereof it is compassed with a strong wall
nigh three miles about, with a whole jury of gates, and many offensive
and defensive towers, graye’d and much beautify’d with a fair, lofty,
6-square crosse, though not altogether soe richly guilded as that
onparrall’d one in Cheapside, yet with as curious and neat work, and
carvings cut in stone, as that of lead. A fayre large Hall there is,
over against their fayre Church, with a stately ascending entrance,
the upper end adorned with rich hangings and all about with fayre
pictures, one more especially of a noble Lady, whose memory they
haye cause not to forget, for that she purchas’d and redeem’d their
long infring’d liberties, and freedoms, and obtain’d remission of heavy
tributes imposed upon them, by undertaking a hard and unseemly
taske.” The walls of this famous defensive city, commenced in the
latter half of the 14th century, were not finished till the 15th. The
murage tax was a grievous charge on the inhabitants, and toll was
taken, as in the present day at many cities and towns on the Continent,
on all eatables and drinkables which entered the city. Thence arose _
the legend, borrowed from an earlier legend told of a different place,
but I must forbear to treat of the old legends of Warwickshire lest, to
use an aphorism found in the proverbs of Florio, “I get a flap with a
fox tail.” Coventry was the medieval walled city, like those, though
16
of a greater extent, we meet with on the banks of the Rhine, or in
this country, like Conway, though without its castle, or like the
inner town of Caernarvon, but without its castle. Purely medieval,
the system of Vauban was never here brought in to strengthen the
original enceint or wall, as at Oxford, at Gloucester, and at Bristol.
Coventry was at this time no garisoned city. In a news letter from
Coventry, dated August the 20th, 164%, we have the following infor-
mation :—“ The King is this day come to Stanley to Sir Thomas Lee
and hath beleagued Coventry. The citizens went all out and preferred
to render it to his Majesty, so he would be pleased only to come attended
with his ordinary guard, but the Cavaliers would not suffer the people
to speak of it, unless they all might come in with his Majesty. The
King’s army consists not of above 1,500, and most of them is horse,
which the county would not yield unto, so they hung out the bloody
flag and stood upon their guard. The King’s army have beaten down
the gate, but there are 2,000 able fighting men within the walls, which
are resolved to stand it out to the last man, not doubting before that
time to be relieved by the Parliament.” In a news letter, entitled
“ Wxceeding Joyful News from Coventry.” printed October the 19th,
1642, we learn under the date of August the 20th, 1642, the following
news :—* Upon Monday last there was information given to the House
of Commons, by letters from Warwickshire, that his Majesty came to
Coventry upon Saturday last, with a great number of cavaliers; his
whole army consisted of about 6,000 horse, which the citizens of
Coventry perceiving, they shut up the gates of the city, and stood
upon their guard; whereupon his Majesty retired to a knight’s house
about three miles from Coyeutry, and the cayaliers made the poor
countrymen’s houses their inns, and then and there they made their
own welcomes, taking what they pleased. His Majesty hath also
caused warrants to be sent to the Sheriff and others, officers of the
county, to aid and assist him at his coming thither, but very few
obliged him therein. He hath likewise caused the county to be
summoned to appear before him on Monday next, when it is thought
he intends to set up his standard, and that he is resolved to march
with his forces against Warwick Castle, before which the Earl of
Northampton lies with some forces, but hath little hope of gaining
the same.” The knight’s house thus alluded to, and to which the
17
King retired on his repulse before Coventry, had been an ancient
Cistercian Abbey, one of the three great Cistercian abbeys founded in
Warwickshire in the middle of the twelfth century. On the suppression
it had been converted into a mansion house. It had suffered little,
save in the demolition of the greater portion of the church, the south
aisle of the nave and south transept alone having been preserved:
These, with the other conventual buildings, were ranged round an
inner court. At a little distance to the northwest of the Abbey, a
usual position in monastic arrangement, stood the gatehouse, a
_ picturesque and venerable structure of the fourteenth century, flanked
with offices which in former times had probably been occupied as the
Hospitiwm, where guests were received and hospitality dispensed, and
where the poor were also relieved. Passing through this gateway the
entrance to the Abbey would be on the west side, under the dormitory,
or common sleeping apartment of the monks. This would afford
accommodation to no few of the guard who attended the King. On the
south side of the court stood a spacious apartment, the ancient
refectory or dining hall, built by one of the abbots who died in the
middle of the thirteenth century, and of whom it is quaintly recorded
by his biographer, a subsequent abbot, that though he was in truth
a worldy wiseman, gui quidem sagax erat in secularibus, this was
reported to be the only good work he did during his abbacy. Sub quo
tum constructum est novum refectorium. Sed cum multis esset odiosus.
Dicebatur quod illud solum fecit bonwm, videlicet quod refectoriwm
edificavit. So it is stated in the valuable and most interesting Liege,
Book of the fourteenth century, still preserved in this ancient pile-
The north side of the court was bounded by the south isle of the
church. The east side by the south transept of the church, the
chapter house, and the abbot’s lodgings, or apartments placed over
a vaulted substructure. It was to these apartments, then probably
the chief in the mansion, that the King was in all likelihood con-
ducted for the night, mortified with his repulse before Coventry, felt
the more for its not having been regularly garrisoned. This repulse
was not forgotten, and twenty years later was avenged in the demoli-
tion, by royal mandate, of the once goodly walls of Coventry, so as to
render it no longer tenable as a defensive city. But to return to this
interesting mansion.
18
On the north and east the ancient arrangement still exists, with
alterations effected in the 16th or early part of the 17th century, the
ancient refectory and dormitory forming the south and west sides, were
probably demolished in the last century, when the principle portion of
the present mansion was erected on their sites. Although Charles is
the first monarch who is recorded to have been here, it is more than
probable that some earlier monarchs paid a transient visit here—John,
Henry the Third, his son Edward, and Edward the Second, whilst
with the Court staying at the Castle or Priory of Kenilworth, only two
miles distant from hence. That during the night the King was here
the guards were watchful, and patrols sent out to different parts, both
to prevent surprise and to obtain intelligence, more especially from the
quarter where the Parliamentary troops were expected to march would
appear evident from what follows. In “Certain special and remarkable
passages, from both Houses of Parliament, since Monday, the 22nd
of August, till Friday, the 26th, 1642,” the following statement occurs:
— ‘The Houses (of Parliament) also received letters informing them
of the true state of things at Coventry. That his Majesty continued
his siege and battered against the town from Saturday till Monday last.
That the cavaliers, with their pieces of ordnance, having battered
down one of the gates, the townsmen, to prevent their entrance, stopped
up the passage with harrows, carts, and pieces of timber, and with
great courage forced the cavyaliers (notwithstanding their ordnance)
upon every attempt towards the gate soon to retreat, and that with
some loss. That the Lord Brooke, the Lord Grey, son to the Earl of
Stamford, with their troops of horse, Master Hollis and Master
Hampden’s regiments of foot, and the other forces formerly related of,
according as was appointed, came to Southam, within ten miles of
Coventry, on Monday night last, and intended to billet themselves
there; but that upon intelligence of a false alarm that the enemy were
within a mile or two, they marched into the fields, where they lay all
night without meat or drink, and the next morning espied the enemy,
who had removed their siege before Coventry upon information of
their coming, and placed themselves in a battle some two miles from
Southam for a pitched battle; whereupon the Lord Brooke and
company drew up their forces to the top of the hill, put their men in
® posture, placed their ordnance, and let fly at them, there being a
very hot skirmish on both sides for about an hour long, his Majesty
19
continuing with his forees in the field all the whole of the first and
second onset, but then perceiving his forces were likely to have the
foil, left them, and with some lords in company went to Nottingham,
where he remains for the present. The Lord Grey behaved himself
most valiantly in this encounter, and deserves much honour for his
undaunted courage; he with the other forces plied the cavaliers with
very thick and hot charges, their young soldiers being so full of
courage and eagerness to the battle, that the cavaliers having lost
great numbers of their men (without any loss of the other side) that
for haste they left their ordnance behind them, which the Lord Brooke,
the Lord Grey, and other forces seized upon, and also took their chief
agent, Captain Legge, prisoner. The King’s forces are now got
to Leicester, bemoaning their sad success, which doth much
dishearten them from any further attempt. The Lord Brooke
and other forces are now marched toward Werwick Castle, to
serve that place, and intend to have a bout with the Earl of
Northampton if he can be met withall.”. There are two other
accounts of this skirmish, which took place on the 23rd of August,
two days before the King set up his standard at Nottingham. On the
24th the Lord Brooke and Colonel Hampden, with all their force of
horse and foot and their train of artillery, entered Coventry. One of
the accounts of this skirmish states that some nine of the King’s
troops were taken prisoners and forty of them slain. In a letter from
Nehemiah Wharton, an officer in the Parliamentary forces present at
this engagement, dated Coventry, August 26, the number of slain of
the King’s forces is stated to be fifty. In another account the number
is estimated at sixty. Of Lord Brooke’s forces some twelve are said
to have been wounded by the firing of some powder, and one shot
another in the back; but these accounts are all from one party, that
of the Parliamentarians. The account Lord Clarendon gives of this
conflict is very different, and can hardly be considered as correct,
though he admits the retirement of the King’s forces—for after
mentioning the King’s repulse before Coventry, he goes on to say :—
“The King could not remedy the affront, but went that night to
Stoneley, the house then of Sir Thomas Lee, where he was well
received ; and the next day his body of horse, having a clear view upon
an open campania, for five or six miles together, of the [enemy's]
small body of foot, which consisted not of above twelve hundred men,
20
with one troop of horse, which marched with them over that plain
retired before them, without giving them one charge ; which was imputed
to the lashty [ill conduct] of Wilmot [Commissary General], who
commanded, and had a colder courage than many who were under
him, and who were of opinion that they might easily have defeated
that body of foot, which would have been a very seasonable victory ;
would have put Coventry unquestionably into the King’s hands, and
sent him with a good omen to the setting up of his standard. Whereas
that unhappy retreat, which looked like a defeat, and the rebellious
behaviour of Coventry, made his Majesty’s return to Nottingham very
melancholy; and he returned thither the very day the standard was
appointed to be set up.” The precise spot where this skirmish took
place—(I can meet with no tradition of it in the neighbourhood) —is
unknown. I presume it to have taken place in the valley of the Itchen,
between Honingham and Long Itchington, perhaps near Snowford
bridge. It is a point we may reasonably hope to have cleared up
hereafter by the discovery of a broken pike, halbert, or spur, a bullet
or two, or cannon ball, and the words of the poet are not inapplicable :—
** Scilicet et tempus veniet, cum finibus illis
Agricola, incurvo terram molitus aratro,
Exesa inveniet scabra rubigine pila”
“Then after length of time, the labouring swains,
Who turns the turfs of these unhappy plains,
Shall rusty piles from the plough’d furrows take.”
The route taken by the King on his way to Nottingham was, I have
reason to think, through Birdingbury and Draycott, to a spot on the
road between Coventry and Dunchurch, where stands a house known
as the Blue Boar. There is a green lane near this house up which the
King—I heard the tradition more than forty years ago—is said to have
come. He is also traditionally said to have called and taken refresh-
ment at Causton Hall, which would be in his way to Rugby, through
which he passed on his road to Leicester. I heard this tradition some
years ago from an old man, then 98 years of age, who when a boy had
lived at Causton Hall. This skirmish at Long Itchington, considered
of such importance by Lord Clarendon, was the last scene in the first
act of the great tragedy of these troublous times, the result of which
no one could venture to predict. I may perhaps have another opportu-
nity of showing the division of parties in this county at this time, and
the events which subsequently occurred—events of deep and enduring
interest in the constitutional history of our country.
—- *
21
The Rev. P. B. Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., then gave a short
viva voce account of the Drift in a part of Warwickshire,
with special reference to the evidence of glacial action which
“34 affords. A section of the Cliff at Buddleigh Salterton,
Devonshire, was described in detail, and the various lower
Silurian fossils which it contains.
Mr. Tomes gave a few interesting details respecting the
“Megaceros”—*‘Fossil deer of Ireland,” which is now placed
in the Geological room.
Votes of thanks having been passed to those gentlemen
who had read papers, and the President of the Society
(Mr. J. Cove Jones), the meeting separated,
By the kind permission of the Warwickshire Natural History
Society, THE WARWICKSHIRE Naturaists’ AND ARCHEOLOGISTS’
Fietp Cvs held their Annual Winter Meeting in the Museum,
on February 6th, 1867. The President delivered his address
chiefly devoted to Archwology, in which he especially dwelt
upon the recent discoveries of Flint Implements in the post
Tertiary period, and the Lake Dwellings. The Rev. P. B.
Brodie read the following paper, on “the drift in part of
Warwickshire, and on the evidence of glacial action which: it
affords.” The low level drift and its fossils was first described,
and a detailed account given of the older glacial drift at
Hatton, Rowington, Edstone, and Temple Balsall, and strong
evidence adduced in favour of its glacial origin.’ One of the
chief points of interest was the occurrence of certain quartzose
pebbles of lower Silurian age, containing fossils of the
quartzites of May, Gahard, &c, in Normandy, which are
also found in the New Red Sandstone, at Buddleigh Salterton
in Devonshire, and both were supposed to have had a
similar origin.
22
J. 8. Whittem, Esq., then read a paper on the supposed
glacial drift in the neighbourhood of Coventry, in which the
prevalent character of the quartzose pebbles were pointed out
and the fossils which occur in the other drifted materials in
the district.
A. Startin, Esq., next read a paper on some special deposits
of drift at Exhall, near Coventry, and on the drift generally
in that neighbourhood. It was shown that the drift consisted
of a variety of rocks, some of which contained fossils, both
of local and distant formations, many of which were referred
to the glacial epoch. The Rev. P. B. Brodie read a second
paper on the fossiliferous beds of the New Red Sandstone (the
upper and lower Keuper) in Warwickshire. The general
character, range, and extent of this formation was described,
‘and a further extension shown at Edstone, not previously
recorded, a detailed account was given of thie various fossils,
with a list of all those hitherto discovered in Warwickshire
and elsewhere, and the footsteps which so abundantly
characterize the deposit, were largely dwelt upon, and
referred to, at least, three genera of Labyrinthodont animals,
The first summer meeting was held at Nuneaton, on the 16th
of May; the second at Bredon Hill, in Warwickshire, on the
10th of August; and the third meeting, the Archzological
day, at Alcester, on September 7th, 1866. A full account of
these is given in the proceedings of the Club for 1866.
23
Sodditions to the Wuseunr and Piorary.
GEOLOGY.
DONATIONS.
A collection of Minerals and recent Corals. Presented by J. Elkington,
Esq.
Roman Samian Pottery.
Skeletons from Milcote.
Photographs of the gravel pit and burying ground at Milcote.
Presented by R. F. Tomes, Esq.
Paludina n. s. Wealden, Kent. Presented by Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Large mass of Fossil wood, considerable part of a tree, Lower Lias,
Insect bed, Grafton. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Ogygia Corndensis, Llandeilo flags, Llandrindrod, Wales. Presented
by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Skeleton of the “Cervus Megaceros,” Irish Elk, from Lough Gur,
near Limerick. Presented by R. Greaves, Esq.
} Presented by R. F. Tomes, Esq.
Two boxes of Insects.
Fine Scull of Porpoise. Presented by Dr. Goodchild.
Fossil wood and two Fossil Bones.
Trochus Guadryanus, Lower .Lias, Campden,
Gloucestershire.
Pecten Pradonaus (Spanish species, new to Britain),
Lower Lias, Lima Beds, Harbury.
Avicula Sinemuriensis, Lower Lias, Frethern,
| Gloucestershire. Presented
4 Turbo elegans, Lower Lias, (Cardina Bed,) Down } by the Rev.
2 Hatherley, near Gloucester. P. B. Brodie.
Waldheimia perforata, Lower Lias, (Hippopodium
: : bed,) Fenny Compton.
Calymene duplicata, Builth, Wales, Llandeilo Flags.
Perma quadrata Mytilus, sp. (?), Portland Oolite, |
Brill. J
Cidaris Smithii, Coral Rag, Shotover, Oxon. Presented by J. Parker,
_ Esq.
Pygaster umbrella, Presented by J. Parker, Esq.
Permian conglomerate, Exhall. Presented by A. Startin, Esq.
24
Cycloptychius carbonarins, Coal Measures, Staffordshire. Presented
‘ by the Rey. P. B. Brodie,
Cornbrash Fossils, Northamptonshire. Presented by A. Startin, Esq.
Adiantites Hibernicus, Carboniferous or Devonian (?), Kiltorcan,
Ireland. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
BOTANY.
DONATIONS.
Ferns from Australia, including leaves of the Mardoo plant, so valuable
in saving life in the bush. Presented by Mr. E. Reading.
LIBRARY.
DONATIONS.
Account of the Irish Elk. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
On the Structure of the Palechinus; by W. H. Baily, Esq., F.G.S.
and L.S.
Description of a new Plesiosaurus, from Whitby, in the Dublin Museum;
by Dr. Carte and W. H. Baily, Esq.
Comparison of the Rocks of South-West of Ireland, North Devon,
and Rhenish Prussia; by S. B. Jukes, Esq.
Journal of the Geological Society of Dublin, vol. 10, part 2, in which
there is a paper on the “ Indentations on Bones of the Megaceros” ;
by S. B. Jukes, Esq.
Presented by W. H. Baily, Esq., F.G.S. and L.S., Dublin.
Transactions of the Botanical Society, vol. 8, part 3.
Proceedings of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archeologists’ Field
Club. Presented by the Field Club.
“ Fragmenta Sepulchralia;” an unpublished Work by W. H. Bloxam,
Esq.
PURCHASES.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. No. 100 to 112.
Camden Society. No. 92, 93.
Geological Magazine. No. 22 to 34.
Popular Science Review. part 21 to 24.
Paleontographical Society's Publications :—
Vol. 18.—Oolitic Echinodermata. vol. II, part II. Liassic Ophiuroidea.
Trilobites. part III. Cambrian and Silurian.
Belemnitide. part II. Liassic Belemnites.
Pleistocene Mammalia. part I. Introduction; Felis Spelea.
25
Vol. 19.Crag Foraminifera. part I, No.1.
Supplement to the Fossil Corals. part I. Tertiary.
Fossil Merostomata. part I. Pterygotus.
Fossil Brachiopoda. part VII, No.1. Silurian.
Vol. 20.—Supplement to the Fossil Corals. part IV, No. 1. Liassie.
Trilobites. part IV. Silurian.
Fossil Brachiopoda. part VII. No. II. Silurian.
Belemnitide. part III. Liassic Belemnites.
Ray Society Publications :—
‘ Nitzsch’s Pterylography. Edited by Phillip Lutley Sclater,
M.A., Pa.D., F-R.S.
MISCELLANEOUS.
DONATIONS.
Eleven Antique Vasés, &c., said to be from Alexandria. Presented by
J. Wimbridge, Esq. f
Cloth from the South Pacific Islands. Presented by Mr. R. G.
Reading.
Cloak of a New Zealand Chief. Presented by K. Greenway, Esq.
Sea Weeds, from Port Philip, Australia. Presented by Mr. W.
Reading. .
LIBRARY.
Any Member wishing to take a Book from the Library, is particularly
requested to see that an entry is made in the book kept for that purpose,
which is on the Library table. The date must also be entered when
the book is returned.
Before Members are allowed to take books out of the Library, a
deposit of 10s. is required.
Some of the Books cannot be taken away from the Library.
The following Books are missing from the Library, and are supposed
to have been taken by some Member, when the Members of the British
Association visited the Museum, August, 1865, and not entered in
Library Book.
* Wheler’s Stratford on Avon.”
“ Life of the Earl of Leicester.”
Derham, S. “ Hydrologia Philosophia,—an account of the
A Ilmington Waters, in Warwickshire. 8yo. Oxford, 1685.
The Curators will be glad to have them returned.
26
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a7
Orlucers of the Society,
1867-68.
PATRON.
Tue Ricut Honovraste THE Hart oF WARWICK.
PRESIDENT.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
Tue RicHt Honovuras.e THE Earn or AYLESFORD.
Cuartes Hours Bracesrincs, Esa.
Wauter Henry Bracesrivce, Ese.
Tue Ricat Honovraste Lorp Dormer.
Tue Ricut Honovraste THE Hart oF CAMPERDOWN.
Cuartes Fetuerston-Dinxe, Eso.
Epwarp Greaves, Esa.
Ricnarp Greaves, Hsa.
Tas Rieu Honovraste Lorp Lercn, F.Z.8.
Grorcz Luoyvp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S.
Sir Cuartes Morpaunt Barr., M.P.
Sm Grorce Ricuarp Pures, Barr.
Mark Paries, Esa.
Evetyn Pamir Sareiey, Esa. F.S.A.
Jonn Sraunton, Esa.
Tas Ricut Honovraste Lorp WinitovcHpy DE Broke.
Henry Curistorxer Wist, Esg., M.P.
HONORARY SECRETARIES.
Tar Rev. Perer Betuincer Brovis, M.A., F.G.S.
Joun Witi1am Kimsuaw, F.G.S.
28
HONORARY CURATORS.
Geology and Mineralogy.
The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.GS. Lous WILLIAM KIRSHAW, FG:S.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq, M.D., FGS. R. F. TOMES, Esq., F.ZS.
WILLIAM VAUGHAN RUSSELL, Esq, F.G.S.
Hotany.
FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq., F.BS E.
Zoology.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq, MD-.F.GS. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES. Esq., F.ZS.
The RLV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A.
Archwologp.
MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esq. | JOHN FETHERSTON, Jun , Esq ,F S.A,
W. B. DICKINSON, Esq, M.R.C S. GEORGE T. ROBINSON, Esq.,F.G.H.S.
P. O. CALLAGHAN, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A.
Library.
CHARLES DURNFORD GREENWAY, Esq.
TREASURER.
EDWARD GREAVES, Esq.
AUDITOR.
KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esq.
COUNCIL.
The PATRON JAMES DUGDALE, Esq.
The PKESIDENT MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN H. FREER.
The VICE-PRESIDENTS RICHARD GREAVES, Esq.
The HONORARY SECRETARIES W. H. PARSEY, Esq, M.D.
The HONORARY CURATORS The REV. EDMUND ROY, MA.
The TREASURER JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS, Esq.
The AUDITOR THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Esa.
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. THOMAS THOMSON, Esq., M.D.
The REV. J. T. CARTWRIGHT. JOHN TIBBITS, Esq., M.D.
THOMAS COTTON, Esq-
29
List of Htembers,
1867.
nnnrnemnnanrn
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Tur Rev. Apam Szvewicr, B.D., F.R.S., F.LS., F.GS.,
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the sila y of
Cambridge, dc.
Rozgert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.SS.L. & E., F.R.C.P.E..
E.L.S., F.G.S., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy
and Zoology at the University College, London, ée., Grafton
Place, Euston Square, London.
Joun Pururs, Bsq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.8., Professor of
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University cf
Ozford, dc., Oxford.
Lizurenant-Cotonen Witttam Henry Syxkus, MP.,
5 FRS. F.LS. F.G.8. &. 47, Albion Street, Hyde
Park, London.
Samvurt Bircu, Ese., LL.D., F.S.A., Keeper of Oriental
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of the
Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin,
Gottingen, Herculaneum, dc.. dc.
Apert Way, Esq, M.A., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the ‘* Comité des
Arts et Monuments,” Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey.
Gxrorcz Lioyp, Esq, M.D, F.G.S., Birmingham Heath,
30
MEMBERS.
THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS.
The Right Honourable Earl of Aylesford, Packington Hall,
Vice-President.
W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington.
Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick.
William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington.
Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator.
Charles Holte Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice-
President.
The Rey. William Bree, Allesley, near Coventry.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sher-
bourne, Vice-President.
The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.8., Rowing-
ton, Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator.
John Coulson Bull, Esq., Warwick.
Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke
and Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron.
William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrooke Grange, near
Rugby.
The Rev. Theodore John Cartwright, Preston Bagot,
Member of Council.
P. O. Callaghan, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.8.A,,
Leamington, Member of Council.
A. Cameron Campbell, Esq., Monzie, Scotland, and
Leamington.
Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick.
The Rey. Thomas Cochrane, M.A., the Leycester Hospital,
Warwick.
Sa ol
31
Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick.
Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth,
Member of Council.
Thomas B. Dale, Esq., Warwick.
William Binley Dickinson, Esq., M.R.C.S., M.N.S., No. 5,
Lansdowne Circus, Leamington, Hon. Curator.
The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord
Dormer, Grove Park, Vice-President.
The Right Honourable the Harl of Camperdown, Vice-
President.
James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Member of Council.
John Fetherston, Jun., Hsq., F.8.A., Packwood House,
Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator.
Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq., Maxstoke Castle, near
Coleshill, Vice-President.
James B. Hlkington, Esq., Packwood House, Birmingham.
Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Kenilworth, Member
~ of Council.
Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill.
John Goodhall, Esq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick.
*Edward Greaves, Esq., Avonside, Barford, Vice-President
and Treasurer.
Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House, Warwick, Vice-
President.
Miss Greenway, Warwick.
Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council. -
Charles Durnford Greenway, Esq., Hon. Curator.
The Rey. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road,
Leamington.
Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury,
London, W.C.
32
The Rev. 8. C. Hamerton, Northgate, Warwick.
Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick.
Richard Child Heath, Esq., Warwick.
William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon.
Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M.R.C.8., Leamington.
The Rev. Thomas Jackson, Hatton.
The Rey. John Jameson, M.A., High Street, ieee
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.8.A., M.N.S., Loxley House,
President.
A. Keene, Esq., Eastnor House, Leamington.
F. EH. Kitchener, Esq., Rugby. .
Miss Kimberly, Warwick.
John William Kirshaw, F.G.8., Warwick, Hon. Secretary
and Hon. Curator. “
Thomas Lloyd, Esq., the Priory, Warwick,
The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh,
F.Z.8., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President.
The Rev. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy.
Mr. Samuel Mallory, Warwick.
John Moore, Esq., Warwick.
Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., M.P., Walton, Vice-President.
George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick.
Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick.
The Rey. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton.
William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton, Member of
Council.
Arthur Wellesley Peel, Esq., MP., Sandy, Bedfordshire.
The Rey. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New
Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C.
Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President.
33
Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-President.
George William John Repton, Esq., M.P.
The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., No. 8, Beauchamp Terrace
East, Leamington.
George Thomas Robinson, Esq., F.G.H.S., Leamington,
Hon. Curator.
Josiah Yeomans Robins, Hsq., Myton, Member of Council,
The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth, Member of
Council.
William Vaughan Russell, Hsq., F.C.8., Leamington,
Hon. Curator.
Thomas Seddon Scholes, Hsq., No. 16, Dale Street,
Leamington, Member of Council. :
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F.S.A., Hatington Park,
near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President.
William Smith Esq., Warwick.
John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council.
Henry Summerfield, Esq., Warwick.
Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace,
Leamington, Vice-President.
Sir Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland,
Faringdon, Vice-President.
John Tibbitts, Esq., M.D., Warwick, Member of Council.
Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.8., Welford, near Strat-
ford-on-Avon, Hon. Curator.
The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator.
Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.§.H., Oakfield,
Leamington, Hon. Curator.
William Walker, Esq., Warwick.
James Robert West, Hsq., Alscot Park, near Stratford-
upon-Ayon. '
34
*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bed-
worth. ;
The Right Honourable Henry Verney, Lord Willoughby
de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President.
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek
Wootton, Vice-President.
J. Wimbridge, Esq., Warwick.
Sir Trevor Wheler, Bart., Leamington.
Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby.
The Rey. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash.
1836—1 853
1853—1868
1836—1837
1837— 1838
1838—1839
1839—1840
1840—1841
1841—1842
1842 —1843
1843—1844
1844—1845
1845—1846
1846—1847
1847—1848
1848—1849
1849—1850
1850—1851
1851—1852
1852—1853
1853—1854
1854—1855
1855—1856
1856—1857
1857—1858
I858—I859
1859—1860
1860—I861
1861—1862
1862—1863
1863—1864
1864—I865
1865—I866
1866—1967
Ie67—I868
35
Hist of Patrons and Presidents,
From 1836 to 1868.
PATRONS.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY RICHARD GREVILLE
EARL BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK, K.T., LL.D.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, EARL
BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK.
PRESIDENTS.
CHANDOS LEIGH, ESQ., FHS.
SIR JOHN MORDAUNT, BART., M.P.
SIR JOHN EARDLEY EARDLEY WILMOT, BART., M.P., F.R.S.
WILLIAM HOLBECHE, ESQ., F.G.S.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, LORD
BROOKE.
CHARLES HOLTE BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ.
WILLIAM STAUNTON, ESQ.
SIR FRANCIS LAWLEY, BART., F.H.S., F.Z.S.
SIR GRAY SKIPWITH, BART.
SIR JOHN ROBERT CAVE BROWNE CAVE, BART.
THE MOST HONOURABLE SPENCER JOSHUA ALWYNE
COMPTON, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON, D.C.Li, PRESIDENT
R.S., F.SA., Hon. M.B.I.A., F.G.S.
EVELYN JOHN SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.P.
THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH.
SIR THEOPHILUS BIDDULPH, BART.
CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ.
MARK PHILIPS, ESQ.
HENRY CHRISTOPHER WISE, ESQ.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
WALTER HENRY BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ.
CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH, LORD
LEIGH, F.Z.S.
EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ:
THE REV. VAUGHAN THOMAS, B.D.
SIR GEORGE RICHARD PHILIPS, BART.
EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P.
EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ.
RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ.
JAMES COVE JONES, ESQ., F.S.A., M.N.S.
JAMES COVE JONES, ESQ, F.S.A,, M.N-S.
86
The Meetings of the Council are held on the First
Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January,
and the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Easter week.
The Musrvum is open daily to the Members and their
Friends from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Eleven
o’clock to Four between the First of November and the
last day of February.
Non-Subseribers are admitted on payment of an
admission fee of sixpence each.
The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on
Mondays and Tuesdays.
The Annual Subscriptions for 1867 are due on the 24th
day of May; and the Council request that the Subscribers
will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at the Bank
of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, Warwick ;
or to Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of
Subscriptions, Leicester Street. Leamington.
PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK.
7 3 . z :
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-
Fr. AS.
‘ . . y--2 «=
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Se... id
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WARWICKSHIRE
NATURAL HISTORY
AND
: Piscine tCr a
|| Sreveological Soaciely,
‘| THIRTY-SE0OND ANNUAL REPORT,
APRIL, 1868.
Coad eons
AL. Beer ;
WARWIOE:
eee 4 Ie : 3 hecina 2.
ve ) PERRY, PRINTER, NEW STREET & OLD SQUARE,
WARWICKSHIRE
NATURAL HISTORY
AND
ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
ESTABLISHED MAY 24rn, 1836.
THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS,
READ AT THE
ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 17th, 1868.
Te Council, in presenting their annual report to the
members, congratulate them on the continued Prosperity
of the Society.
Numerous and valuable additions have been made to
the Museum and Library, by donation and purchase,
during the past year.
The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arranging
a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and some
of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small but
judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon
make the entire Geological collection most valuable and
instructive, and one of the best out of London. At present
the collections of Natural History and Geology form a
good educational medium for all classes, and it is of the
utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency.
2
A fine example of the ‘‘Megaceros’—‘‘Fossil deer of
Ireland,” from Lough Gur, near Limerick, has been
presented to the Society, by Richard Greaves, Esq., and
is now placed in the Geological room of the Museum.
Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a
collection properly, and for the same reason it is much
less profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes
of general instruction.
Though some of the desiderata have been filled up,
there are several formations which are still very defective,
amongst which may be enumerated the following :—
The Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes,
Sconce, Headon hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham.
London Clay fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and
Lower Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower
Silurian will be very acceptable. The aid of the members
is particularly requested in procuring fossils from the
County, especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian,
as it should be the chief aim of all local Museums to have
as fine a suite as possible from the strata which occur in
the immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out.
BRITISH MAMMALIA.
Although no addition has been made to the British
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the
collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assis-
tance in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which
3
migrate, and which therefore in some species can only be
obtained as stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and
though some are rarer than others, all may be obtained
with tolerable certainty, by those residing in such parts
of the Country as they are known to inhabit. With the
exception of the marine species, such as the Whales and
Porpoises, there are none which might not take their place
in our collection of British fere. We have already some
of the largest of the land animals, as the Red Deer and
Roebuck, both presented by Edward Greaves, Esq. A
mounted specimen of the Fallow Deer, and of the two
kinds of Martin, 7.e., the yellow breasted, and the white
breasted Martin, would go far towards the completion of
the collection of the terrestrial Mammalia of Great Britain.
We earnestly hope that some friends to this Institution
will kindly furnish one or other of these desiderata. Of
the smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and Bats, a few
kinds are wanting, but these the Curators believe that
they shall before long be able to supply.
ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
When the repairs of the Museum were brought to a close,
the room containing the collection underwent a thorough
cleaning, and the specimens were taken out, examined,
carefully cleaned, and returned to the cases. The windows
of the rooms, the approaches to which were awkwardly
blocked up with cases, were relieved of their obstructions,
the specimens which were in these cases, being transported
to their proper places in the series to which they
respectively belonged.
But the most important change which has been made in
this department, is the separation of the British from the
4
Exotic species. In nearly all the extensive Natural
History Museums in Kuropegthe native species are now
fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately been.
the case in our National Museum, and whereas the
observer*had before this change to seek laboriously through
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated
specimens which had formed the collection of some
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel
Montague,—he may now see them all placed side by side
in the gallery devoted to British Zoology. And with them
he may also see ranged the gems from the collection of the
late Mr. Yarrell. The advantage of such an arrangement
is obvious.
It has been observed, with great truth, ‘that you can-
not vie with the larger Museums in a general collection, but
you may excel them if you confine yourselves to a purely
local collection.” Fully agreeing with this opinion, the
Hon. Curators, while enlarging the collection of British
Birds, purpose to do so, as much as possible, by means of
specimens obtained in Warwickshire, or the contiguous
Counties. They offer these remarks in the hope that the
friends of the Institution will assist them in carrying out
their views, by the donation of some of the species forming
the following list of desiderata :—
Order 1. Accipitress, Linn.
Egyptian Vulture, .. .. ..Neophron Percnopterus, (Linn.)
Griffon Vulture, -. «. «-Gyps fulvus, (Gmel.)
Rough-legged Buzzard, .. ..Archibuteo Lagopus, (Briin.)
Spot‘ed Eagle,.. .. .. .-.Aquila nevia, (Gmel.) Mey.
Jer-falcon, -» «» .-Faleo Gyrfalco, Linn,
Red-footed Falcon, -. «. «+Tinnunculus vespertinus. (Linn.)
Swallow-tailed Kite,.. .. ..Nauclerus furcatus, (Linn.) Vigors.
Goshawk, -. -- .«. .-Astur palumbarius, (Linn.) Bechst.
Montagu’s Harrier, .. .. «Circus cinerascens, (Mount.)
'
5
Hawk Owl,.. .. . .. Surnia ulula, (Linn.) Bonap.
Snowy Owl, (British : specimen, |Nyctea nivea, (Thunb.)
Little Owl, #5 5 -Athene noctua, (Retz.)
Great-eared Owl, [female sae ‘Budo maximus, Sibb.
Tengmalm’s Owl, on .- Nyetale Tengmalmi, (Gmel.) Strickl.
Order 2, Pasgeres, Cuv.
Alpine Swift, .. .. 2. 4. Cypselus Melba, Linn.
Roller, fs - Coracias garrula, Linn.
Bee-eater,[ 3 ritish specimen]. . Merops Apiaster, (Linn.)
Dartford Warbler, .. . .. Sylvia undata, (Bodd.)
Garden Warbler, (female, } . Sylvia hortensis, (Penn.)
Vire-crested Regulus, ... «Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm.
Plain-crowned Kinglet, .......Requlus proregulus, (Pall.)
Black Redstart, [ Brit.specimen ] Ruticilla tithys, (Scop.)
Blue-throated Warbler, .. . ..Cyanecula suecica, Linn.
Alpine Accentor, .. .. ..Accentor alpinus, Gmel. Bechst.
Crested Tit, .. °.. «. ..Parus cristatus, Linn.
White Wagtail,.. .. ... ..Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.]
Grey-headed Wagtail, .. . Motacilla flava, Linn.
Rock Pipit, -s «+ «2». Anthus spinoletta, (Linn)
Richard's Pipit,.. .. ... ..Amnthus Richardi, (Vieill.)
White’s Thrush, .. ... ..Zwdus varius, Uorsf,
Rock Thrush, .. .. ... «.Zurdus saxatilis, Linn.
Golden Oriole, ... .. .. .«.Oriolus Galbula, Linn.
Gold-vented Thrush, .. ..Pycnonotus aurigaster, (Vieill.)
Great Ash-coloured Shrike [fem]Lanius Excubitor, Linn.
Woodchat Shrike, .. .. ..Emneoctonus refus, (Briss.)
Nuteracker, . +... «.Nucifraga caryocatactes, (Linn.) Briss.
Rose-coloured Ouzel[ Brit. spec} Pastor roseus, (Linn.) Temm.
Red-winged Starling, .. ..Agelaius pheniceus, (Linn.) Vieill.
Mountain Linnet, .. .. . ». Fringilla flavirostris, Linn,
Cirl Bunting, .. ..+.. ~.Emberiza Cirlus, Linn.
Ortolan Bunting, .. .. ..Emberiza hortulana, Linn.
Lapland Bunting, . - ..Pleetrophanes lapponicus, (Linn.) Selb.
Short-toed Lark, . -- Alauda brachydactyla, Temm.
Crested Lark, .. . . .-Alauda cristata, Linn.
Shore Lark, .. .. .. ..Otocoris alpestris, (Linn.)
Parrot Cross-Bill, .. .. ..Lowxia pityopsittacus, Bechst.
White-winged Cross-bill,.. ..Loxia leucoptera, Gmel.
Order 8. Scaasores, III.
American Cuckoo, .. .. ..Coccyzus americanus (Linn.)
Great spotted Cuckoo, .. ..Oxylophus glandarius, (Linn.)
Order 4, Columba, Lath.
Rock Dove,.. .. .. «+ ++Columba Livia, Briss.
Passenger Pigeon, .. .. ..Hctopistes migratorius, (Linn.) so
Order 5.
Barbary Partridge, .. --
Andalusian Hemipode, ..
Virginian Colin, ..
Order 6.
Great Buzzard,.. .. ++
Little Buzzard,.. .. --
Order 7,
Great Plover,
Cream-coloured Courser,..
Kentish Plover, .
Crane,.. Be
Great White Heron,..
Egret, [British specimen, ]
Squacco Heron,.. .. +>
Buff-backed Heron,.. .--
American Bittern,
Spoon-bill,.. .. --
White Stork, ..
Black Stork,
Spotted Redshank,
Wood Sandpiper,
Avocet, ae LL aaeenene
Black-winged Stilt, ..
Buff-breasted Sandpiper,. .
Broad-billed Sandpiper, -.
Schintz’s Sandpiper,
Pectoral Sandpiper,..
Brown Snipe,
Sabine’s Suipe,.. .. --
Red-necked Phalarope, .-
Ballion’s Crake, iy:
Little Crake,
oe oe
Order 8.
Spur-winged Goose,.. ++
Common Wild Goose,
White-fronted Goose, 4
Pink-footed Goose, .. --
‘Bernicle Goose,.. «- =.
Red-breasted Goose, re
Polish Swan, .. «+ ==
Whistling Swan,
Bewick’s Swan,.. .- -
American Swan, .- ae
Ruddy Shieldrake, .. :
American Wigeon, .-. --
Bimaculated Duck, .. .-
6
Galline, Linn.
..Caccabis petrosa, (Lath.)
.. Turnix gibraltaricus, (Gmel.) Gould.
..Ortyz virginianus, (Linn.) Gray.
Struthiones, Lath.
..Otis trada, Linn.
.. Otis tetrax, Linn.
Gralle, Linn.
.. Edicnemus crepitans, Temm.
..Cursorius gallicus, (Gmel.)
.- Charadrius cantianus, Lath.
..Grus cinerea, Bechst.
.. Ardea alba, Gmel.
.. Ardea Garzetta, Linn.
. Ardea comata, Pall.
.. Ardea coromanda, Bodd.
..Botaurus lentiginosus, Mont.
..Platalea leucorodia, Linn.
..Ciconia alba, Briss.
..Ciconia nigra, Bechst.
.. Totanus stagnalis, Bechst.
..Totanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm.
/Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linu.
. Himantosus candidus, Bonn.
.. Tringa refescens, Vieill.
.. Tringa platyrhyncha, Temin.
.. Tringa Schinzii, Brehm.
.. Tringa pectoralis, Say.
..Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach.
..Gallinago Sabini, (Vigors )
.. Phalaropus hyperboreus. (Linn.) Cuvier.
.. Ortygometra pygmea, (Naum.)
..Ortygometra minuta, (\all.)
Anseres, Linn.
..Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph.
.. Anser ferus, Gesn.
.. Anser erythropus, (Linn.) Elem.
..Anser brachyrhynchus, Baill.
..Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) Steph.
..Bernicla ruficollis, (Pall.) Steph.
. Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrell.
.. Cygnus ferus, Ray.
.. Cygnus minor, Pall.
.. Cygnus americanus, Sharpless.
..Casarka rutila, (Pall.)
..Mareca americana, (Gmel.) Steph.
.- Querquedula bimaculata, (Penn.)
Gadwall, ..
Red-crested Whistling Duck, 3
Scaup Pochard,.. ..
Ferruginous Duck,
Harlequin Garrot,
Long-tailed Hareld, .
Steller’s Western Duck, ..
King Duck, aS
Surf Scoter,
Red-breasted Merganser,..
Hooded Merganser,..
Red-necked Grebe, ..
Sclavonian Grebe,
Great Auk,..
Manx Shearwater,
Cinereous Shearwater,
Wilson’s Petrel,.. 2
Fork-tailed Petrel, ..
Bulwer’s Petrel,
Buffon’s Squa, ..
Common Squa, ..
Glaucous Gull, ..
Teeland Gull,
Little Gull,
Sabine’s Gull,
Ivory Gull,
Caspian ‘Tern, te
Gulled Billed Fem Ss
Sandwith Tern,.
Roseate Tern, ..
White-winged Black Tern,
Black Noddy, ; 3
7
-. Chaulelasmus strepera, (Linn.)
.Branta rufina, (Pall.) Boie.
.-Fuligula Marila, (Linn.) Steph.
..Nyroca leucophthalma, (Bechst.) Flem.
.-Clangula histrionica, (Linn.) Steph.
.-Harelda glacialis, (Linn.) Leach.
.-Eniconetta Stelleri, (Pall.)
.. Somateria spectabilis, (Linn.) Steph.
.-Oidemia perspicillata, (Linn.) Steph.
..Mergus Serrator, Linn.
..Mergus cucullatus, Linn.
. -Prodiceps grisegena, (Bodd.) Lath.
--Podiceps Cornutus, (Gmel.) ae
..-Alca impennis, Linn.
. -Puffinus Anglorum, Ray.
..Puffinus cinereus, Gmel.
.. Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl.
.. Thalassidroma Leachii, (Temm.)
.. Thalassidroma Bulweri, (J. & S.) Gould.
..Stercorarius cephus, (Briin.)
.. Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn.
.. Larus glaucus, Briin.
.. Larus leucopterus, Faber.
.. Larus minutus, Pall.
..Xema Sabini, Leach.
..-Pagophila eburnea, (Gmel.) Kaup.
.. Sterna caspia, Pall.
.. Sterna anglica, Mont.
.. Sterna cantica, Gmel.
. Sterna paradisea, Briin.
..Hydrocheidon nigra, (Linn.)
..Andus stolidus, (Linn.) Catesby.
The Accounts for the Year have been audited, and
the General Financial Statement to March 31st, 1868,
is appended to this report.
The Museum, now containing a valuable and well-
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and
- Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not
extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is
highly creditable to the Town and County of Warwick,
and deserves a much greater amount of support than it
has of late years received. An excellent foundation has
been laid, but much might be effected if adequate means
were placed at the disposal of the Council.
8
A Catalogue of the Books in the Library has been made,
to the 81st of December, 1867, and a copy will be sent to
each Member. .
The Council will be glad to receive presents of any works
of Local interest, for the Library.
J. O. Hatuiwett, Esq., F.R.S., has presented to the
Library, copies of two of his valuable and interesting works
—<‘The Calender of the Local Record of Stratford-upon-
Avon’; and “ The History of New Place, Stratford-upon-
Avon.” .
Any Member wishing to take a Book from the Library,
is particularly requested to see that an entry is made in
the book kept for that purpose, which is on the Library
table. The date must also be entered when the book is
returned.
Before Members are allowed to take Books out of the
Library, a deposit of ten shillings is required. Some of
the Books cannot be taken away from the Library.
Owing to the losses, by death, of several subscribers
during the past year, and the small number of additional
members, the funds of the Society are in a less
satisfactory condition than could be desired. A reference
to the list of subscribers will show that only a few of the
rich and influential residents in the County belong to the
Society. Ifthe Members would solicit annual subscrip-
tions from their friends and neighbours, it is probable
that a considerable addition would be made to the funds
of the Society.
The Council have much pleasure in stating that the
upper room has now been enlarged and otherwise
improved, giving thereby increased accommodation for
9
specimens, so much needed, and will enable them to make
many additions and important alterations which the
crowded state of the rooms rendered essential.
After the business of the Annual Meeting was finished,
Dr. O’Cattacnan, D.C.L., F.8.A. (who occupied the
chair), on being called upon, gave an interesting
verbal account of the recent discovery of two human
skeletons in the Park of Warwick Castle. It appears that
this curious find was made by some labouring men, while
employed in making a tiled drain, in that part of the park
beyond the brook. The fact was kindly communicated to
Dr. O'Callaghan by the Earl of Warwick, by whose per-
mission the remains were subsequently exhumed for the
Doctor’s inspection. He informed the meeting that in
company with Mr. Durnford Greenway, he carefully
examined the parts of the skeletons which could be put
together after their first disturbance, and subsequent
interment. He was quite satisfied that the skeletons
were both of male adults. This he ascertained from the
bones of the pelvis, and the full growth of the wisdom
teeth. He also inferred that they were of extreme antiquity,
and probably pre-historic, from the fact of their being
buried in a doubled-up position, from the smallness of the
‘bones, the shape of what remained of the cranium, and
from the unworn projections of the grinding tezth. The
latter fact, according to Petigrew, being the most certain
indication of a savage people. The spot where these
remains were found is about 160 yards from the bridge,
over the brook, and about 15 yards from the walk, and on
the side river of it. Dr. O'Callaghan in the next place re-
called the attention of the members to his account of the dis-
‘covery of a Roman cemetery in the grounds adjoining the
10
Priory House at Warwick ; and which he had the honor of
reading to them at the previous annual meeting. The
Doctor reminded his audience that his friend Mr. Bloxam
on that occasion, refused to believe that this could have
been a Roman burial place, as there was no _ historical
evidence of local Roman occupation. However, in a few
weeks after, Mr. Bloxam made a careful examination
of the relics lately found in association with these ancient
graves, and was perfectly satisfied as to their Roman
character. This conviction he communicated to Dr.
O'Callaghan in a private letter, and the Doctor thought
he ought to mention the circumstance to the meeting, as
so much importance was justly attached to Mr. Bloxam’s
opinion on any subject of antiquarian investigation.
The Rey. P. B. Bropm, M.A., F.G.S., gave a short
viva voce account, (of which the following is an abstract,)
of the recent discoveries of Mr. Moore, in the Lower Lias,
in Somersetshire and South Wales, and of the occurrence
of a new Reptile in the Lower Keuper at Warwick.
He said—Having very lately, in this room, read a paper
on the Lias, before the Warwickshire Naturalists’ Field
Club, though the subject is by no means exhausted, I do
not propose to occupy much time now in describing the
history of this deposit, but the more recent discoveries of
my friend, Mr. C. Moore, of Bath, in the lower Lias in
Somersetshire and South Wales present so many striking
and unlooked for facts that they are of special interest to all
Geologists, especially those who. have studied the Lias
more in detail. The beds of the lower Lias in the districts
above referred to present some peculiarities of lithological
structure not found elsewhere, especially where they come
in contact with the Mountain limestone, to which in many
11
cases certain strata bear a remarkable affinity, and it is
‘in this more altered and abnormal condition of the Lias
that an almost new and very interesting not only marine
but terrestrial and freshwater fauna has been obtained,
the former of which is closely allied to certain deposits of
similar age, and resting immediately on older rocks in
France. Most of ihe more remarkable fossils have been
detected in fissures in the carboniferous limestone of the
Mendips and elsewhere, in one case ata depth of 260 feet,
and the material filling up these cracks has been by its
geological contents proved to be of Liassic age, a result
hitherto unsuspected. In this he has discovered teeth of
Mammalia (Microlestes), bones of a large land reptile
(Scelidosauras), three genera of land shells belonging to
new species, a seed vessel of chara (a freshwater plant),
and two freshwater shells (Valvata and Planorbis), for the
first time in the Lias. This is the earliest evidence
afforded of any terrestrial pulmoniferous mollusks between
the Tertiary formation and the coal, in which my friend
Dr. Dawson, Principal of the College at Montreal, detected
a small Pupa, and another new land shell (Zonites) in
the carboniferous series of Nova Scotia. In addition to
these there are a large assemblage of marine shells, chiefly
small univalves, some few of which belong to new species,
and others had been only previously noticed in con-
temporaneous deposits on the continent, chiefly in France.
Of corals, too, a very large number are recorded, a com-
paratively small suite having been previously known in the
Lias. In this important paper the author questions the
value of zones of zoological life, in which I entirely concur,
and observes that ‘‘ however convenient it may be to refer
eertain forms to marked horizons, such as those known
12
as ‘‘Ammonite zones,” yet that with increasing knowlelye
of the range of specific forms such limits are purely
arbitrary and may mislead,” a point for which I contended
in my paper on the Lias, read at the Winter Meeting of
the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archeologists’ Field
Club, in February last. Mr. Day in an able paper on the
Lias at Lyme, read at the British Association in Birming-
ham, 1866, maintains the same views and brings forward
the strongest arguments to corroborate them. The portion
of this paper which more distinctly relates to the physical
and economical Geology of the district under review is
equally important, but it will be unnecessary to say more
here than to state that the author conclusively shews that
the barrier of the Mendip chain of hills has to a great
extent modified the physical features of the whole line of
country from Frome, through a great part of South Wales,
and shut out the secondary deposits from the coal basin,
within which unconformability very generally prevails ;
the mountain limestone having been for a long period
within the influence of the Liassic seas, and that from
the latter have been derived most of the lead, iron, and
calamine with which the mineral veins are charged. We
might, perhaps, expect to find land and freshwater shells
associated with insects in that portion of the lower Lias
in which the annulosa most abound, but hitherto they
have not been met with, though probably in some favoured
spot, not yet searched, they will one day be discovered.
Freshwater mollusks abound in some deposits, such as
the Wealden, Purbecks, and Tertiaries, but terrestrial
air-breathing shells are usually rare, being most numerous
in the Bembridge (Kocene) limestone, in the Isle of Wight,
and certain foreign Tertiary deposits about the same age.
13
Where the conditions are equally favourable, as in the in
stances above mentioned, for the preservation of a
terrestrial or freshwater fauna, many such remains will no
doubt be detected. Thus wherever we have a preponde-
rance of insects and land plants, we may not unreasonably
expect to meet with land shells in greater or less abundance.
I wish, in conclusion, to mention to this meeting the
discovery of a new reptile in the New Red Sandstone (the
lower Keuper), at Coten End, Warwick. Our Museum
possesses two portions of jaws, and they are so rare that
only six British specimens are known: two in my possession,
two in the Warwick Museum, and the other two belonging
to my friend, Mr. G. Lloyd, and were procured, like the
rest, many years ago by my old friend Dr. Lloyd, and both
of us were under the impression that they were either
distinct from the more common Labyrinthodont remains,
or at any rate would form a new species. After a careful
study, Professor Huxley has come to the conclusion that
they are quite distinct, and he has given them the name of
Hyperodapedon, and just at the present time they are of
special interest and value, since their occurrence in the
New Red Sandstone of this county, helps to determine the
age of certain disputed sandstones at Elgin in Scotland,
which contain remains of the same reptile, and which had
been supposed to belong to the Old Red Sandstone, but
must now be placed higher up in the Trias. They also
fix the Geological horizon of certain Indian and African
rocks, which yield the Hyperodapedon still more fre-
quently. The British fossils consist of portions of jaws
with teeth, which are remarkable for possessing a double
row of teeth, in parallel rows, close together, and the
other anotomical peculiarities will be pointed out by
14
Professor Huzley in his forthcoming Paper, at the Geolo-
gical Society. The importance of this new fossil is greatly
enhanced by the fact that there might be a possibility of
finding coal under the now New Red Sandstone of the
Scotch district round Elgin. Some of you are aware, no
doubt, that the New Red Sandstone in America contains
numerous well-preserved and remarkable footsteps, which
have been long supposed to have been made by birds of
various kinds as they waded over the mud of that ancient
Triassic sea, and were consequently the oldest traces of
this class known. It is true that some Paleontologists
have assigned some of them to reptiles, and quite recently
Professor Huxley has come to the conclusion that they
belong rather to those singular flying reptiles the Ptero-
dactyle, and that a curious mark (the hollow groove which
runs along some of the slabs between the footprints),
and which had long puzzled Naturalists, was made
by the tail as the creature crawled or walked on its
hind legs on the surface of the sand on the sea shore.
But it does not, of course, follow that all of these
impressions were made by these or other reptiles, and
some, therefore, may still have belonged to birds. Accord-
ing to Owen and Huxley, no similar footprints have been
hitherto recognized in the New Red Sandstone of this
country, although in places impressions which have been
assigned to various genera of Salamander-like reptiles
abound, but Professor Huxley thinks they may not have
belonged to Labyrinthodont animals at all.
The Winter Meeting of rue WarwicksHire Narurauists’
anpd ArcHmoLocists’ Firetp Civus was held in the Museum,
Warwick, (by the kind permission of the Council of the
Warwickshire Natural History Society), on Feb. 28th, 1867.
‘A
15
In the absence of the President, the Rev. P. B. Brodie,
Vice-President, occupied the chair. The Chairman, after
a few introductory remarks, read the President’s address,
which was entirely devoted to Archeology, relating chiefly
to the Swiss Lake Dwellings. A paper on ‘ Modern
Science and the Bible,” was then read by the Rev. P. B.
Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., (Vice-President.)
The Vice-President having made a few brief remarks,
next called upon Mr. Parker, who gave a viva voce account
of the water supply of ancient Rome, which was illustrated
by drawings and photographs.
W. H. Corrtenp, Hsq., (Fellow of Pembroke College,
Oxford), F.G.S., then read a paper on “the volcanic
hills forming the chain of the Puys, near Clermont,
Auvergne, central France.” :
This was followed by a short paper on a question of
Natural History, by the Rey. W. Johnson.
The first summer meeting of the season was held at
Rugby, on May the 22nd, which was very well attended.
The school museum was first visited, which contains a
well-arranged and creditable loeal collection of fossils and
other things of great service in the Natural History
lectures, which now (and very properly) form part of the
eurriculum of the school.
The party then went to Mr. Bloxam’s, the well-known
Antiquary, where a small, but interesting and valuable
-collection of antiquities was exhibited. ‘The various Lias
quarries in the neighbourhood were next visited, in the
following order, the ‘lima beds’ at New Bilton, thence to
Holbrook, where the club were hospitably entertained at
luncheon by Mr. Caldecott.
16
Passing the once famous Lawford quarries, long since
closed, a short examination was given to some comparatively
recent fluviatile drift on the banks of the river, in which
many bones of deer, bison, water-rat, &c., have been
found, with anodous and other river shells and a few flint
implements, of which the Rugby school museum has a
large and interesting collection.
After leaving Holbrook, a careful search was made
in the white lias at Newnham, where a few of the usual
characteristic fossils were obtained, the last quarry visited
at Newbold exhibited a good section of the ‘lima beds,”
similar to that at New Bilton. A new species of Discina
(D. Holdeni), attached to an ammonite (in groups) and
monotis were discovered by Mr. Clemenshaw, at this pit.
. A clay pit near the town, higher in the series, yielded
numerous specimens of Ammonites Sauzianus, and other
fossils.
On June 24th, 1867, the club held their summer field
meeting, extending as usual over several days, at Welshpool
and North Shropshire. Arriving at Welshpool, at three
o’clock, a small party under the guidance of the Rector,
visited Powis Castle, from which a fine view is obtained
of the Briedden and other hills, and afterwards spent the
rest of the afternoon in the celebrated Trilobite dingle,
where sections of the Bala (or Caradoc) beds are exposed
and abound in remains of Trinucleus, a very fine entire
specimen of which was obtained, and a few Ampyx.
On Tuesday morning, an early start was made to Chir-
bury, driving through a beautiful country to the picturesque
Marrington Dingle, thence to Cornden hill, from the summit
of which a splendid view is obtained on all sides, over-
looking the whole range of the Longmynd on the south
17
east, the mining district of Shelve on the south, and the
most distant Welsh mountains, including Cader Idris, on
the north west. After a careful search, no fossils were
found either in Marrington Dingle or the Cornden, until
the more fossiliferous Llandeilo flags were reached at
Rorrington and Mincop, but many interesting sections of
lower Silurian strata were exposed, in conjunction with
volcanic rocks, so common in this district. At Rorrington
and Mincop, Ogygia Selwini, Lingula, and other
characteristic fossils were found. After a long walk of
sixteen miles, the party reached Worthen, their head
quarters, about 7.30.
On Wednesday they were joined by the Revd. J. La
Touche, and walked to Shelve, vid Brownlow, by Shelve
Church to Ritton Castle and the Stiper stones. A few
fossils were obtained in the black lower Llandeilo shales
at Ritton, including an entire ‘ Illenus perovalis.’ The
stiper stones consist of sandstone of lowest Silurian age,
much altered by heat by adjacent igneous action, and
contain rare but occasional traces of animal life of the
earliest period. The igneous or ‘trap rocks’ of the Corn-
den hill throw off lower Silurian strata of the Llandeilo
formation, which throughout the whole of this district are
‘more or less effected by and brought into contact with
igneous rocks. Shelve is also celebrated as a mining
district, many lead veins occurring in the Llandeilo
formation. The whole of this country is of special interest,
because it represents, on a smaller scale, the grander
development of the same rocks throughout a large portion
of Wales.
- The homeward journey was made by the Gravel’s Mine,
-across the pretty Hope Valley to Worthen. On Thursday,
18
the members visited Mincop again, through Bitton Dingle,
to Meadowtown, where the upper Llandeilo flags are
charged with innumerable ‘ Ogygia Buchii” in their young
stage. On Friday, two of the party left for a tour in Wales.
The Revs. P. B. Brodie and J. La Touche visited the
lower Llandeilo flags at Mytton dingle, a picturesque
mountain gorge on a small scale, where a few fossils were
found, amongst them a nearly perfect ‘Calymene parvifrons’
a local and somewhat rare lower Silurian Trilobite. This
terminated a most agreeable and instructive excursion.
The third and last meeting of the season was held at
Banbury, on the 9th of September, being the Archxological
day. The party first visited Warrington Church, built
in the fourteenth century. The door at the west end is a
good decorated work, with a window over it of same style.
The upper windows are of later date, and belong to the
perpendicular style. The roof is of original plain timber
work. Some encaustic tiles, and an iron door-handle of
much interest, are preserved. There was no time to visit
the ancient Manor-house. Thence the members proceeded
to Edge hill, where Mr. Fetherston, the Archeological
Secretary, gave a description of the battle. Proceeding
along the ridge of Edge hill, the members visited Compton ~
Winyates, tke well-known seat of the Marquess of
Northampton.
The family of Compton have been certainly resident in
Warwickshire, since the reign of King John, or perhaps
earlier than that period. Perhaps no family recorded in
English history were more conspicuous for their valour
and for the part they took in political affairs, than the
Comptons, in the sixteenth or seventeenth centuries. Sir
William Compton, who built the greater part, was highly
;
i
19
in favour with Henry VIII, and by him was made
Chancellor of Ireland, and enriched by many emoluments.
Indeed, Henry VIII is said to have paid him a visit at
Compton. The house forms a quadrangle, and is built of
brick, with stone facings and garnishments.. Perhaps the
best example of a moulded brick-work chimney is to be
found when entering upon the leads near the ancient
Roman Catholic Chapel, in the roof. In the Chapel is to
be found a very rare, and we might say unique specimen
of a wooden altar, still marked with five crosses. It
is not of oak, but of elm. In the hall is preserved an
ancient leather drinking-bottle, and in the drawing-room a
chimney piece, the centre panel is of excellent carved
Elizabethan work, brought from Canonbury, in the parish
of Islington, formerly the seat of Sir John Spencer. The
house was besieged by the Parliamentarians in the civil
wars, and there is a tradition that eight officers were
killed in one room, at the extremity of the eastern end of
the quadrangle. Spencer, Harl of Northampton, whose
horse stumbled at the skirmish of Hopton Heath, in some
rabbit burrows, was butchered upon the spot by the
Parliamentarians. The Church of Compton Winyates
contains little of interest. The only mutilated remains of
the monuments of the Compton family, consist of a
helmet, scabbard, gauntlets, swords, spurs, &c., still
hanging upon the north wall of the Church. Brailes
Church was next visited. It is chiefly remarkable for the
ornamental parapet of stone which surrounds it, and also
for the mutilated remains of the monuments of the later
end of the fourteenth century, on the south side of the
Churchyard. The interior contains nothing of antiquarian
interest, if we except the curious chest still preserved in
20
the vestry, and which we believe has been engraved. The
interior is only remarkable for its disfigurement by the
exceedingly high pews, and for its high pulpit, placed
without the chancel arch, immediately in front of the
altar. After leaving Brailes, the party proceeded to
Swaclifte, and proceeded to the Church, which is dedicated
to St. Peter and St. Paul. The fine structure is partly of
the fourteenth century, and other portions of an earlier
date, and is restored with great taste. In the Church
some monuments of the sixteenth century, to the Wykeham
family, of the same extraction as the celebrated William
of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester.
21
Anditions to the Museum and Library.
GEOLOGY.
DONATIONS.
‘An Ammonite, probably Cretacious. Presented by Mrs. Turner, Lans-
downe-place, Leamington.
Clausila Dalmatina, Dalmatia.
Lapicide (Helix) Scabriwscula, Dalmatia.
Ogygia Buchii (Young), Llandeilo flags, Salop.
Trinucleus Concentricus (head), Caradoc Sandstone,
Welshpool.
Ogygia Selwini, Llandeilo flags, Salop.
Lingula attenuata, Llandeilo flags, Salop.
Calymene parvifrons, Llandeilo flags, Salop.
Monotis papyria, Lima Bed, Lower Lias, !Rugby,
Thatis minor, Lower Greensand, Atherfield, Isle of Presented
Wight. by the Rev.
Rostellaris glabra, Atherford, Isle of Wight. P. B. Brodie.
Parastrea stricta, ditto, ditto.
Two other Corals, ditto, ditto.
Potamides carbonarius, Wealden, Brixton
Cypris tuberculosa. } Isle of Wight.
Unio Valdensis, Wealdon Brook, Isle of Wight.
Potaosnmya gregarin, Headon, Isle of Wight.
Univales, Hempstead, Isle of Wight.
Melania ecarinata, Isle of Wight.
Cyprides, Isle of Wight.
Two specimens of White Lias, from Loxley, with Markings upon
them (?). Presented by J. Cove Jones, Esq.
Slab of ‘Guinea bed,’ with Hemipedina Tomesii, from Lower Lias,
Binton. Presented by R. F. Tomes, Esq.
Waldheimia quadrata.
Ditto Davisoni, (n.s.)
Plicatula Carteroniana, Lower Green Sand, Upware,
Cambridgeshire.
Footprints of Labyrinthodon, the Upper Keuper,
Shrewley.
Presented
by the Rev.
P: B: Brodie.
22
Tropidaster pectinatus, Middle Lias, Chipping Campden, Gloucester-
shire. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
A very fine Coral, from Wenlock Limestone, Upper Silurian,
Woolhope, Herefordshire.
Presented by the Rev. F. Merewether, Rector of Woolhope, through
the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
One of the Pentatomidez, Insect beds, Brown’s Wood, Moreton Bagot,
Lower Lias.
Septastrea Fromenteli, Lima Beds, Harbury.
Montlivaltia Victoria (Duncan), Middle Lias, Cherrington, Worcester-
shire.
Parts of a Side Spine (Icthyodorulite), Upper Keuper, Shrewley.
Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Fossils and Minerals from Nova Scotia. Presented by the Rev. J. Torre.
Fossils and Minerals (various). Presented by Miss Pask, of Leamington,
through Dr. O'Callaghan.
LIBRARY.
DONATIONS.
The Life of Dr. Warneford, Founder of the Leamington Hospital,
Oxford, 1855.
The Night March of King Charles the First from Oxford, 3rd June,
1645. By the Rev. V. Thomas, B.D.
Presented by the Rev. Edmund Roy.
The Calender of the Stratford Records.—The History of New Place,
Stratford-upon-Avon. Presented by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S.
Account of Coins found at Holwell, Leicestershire, communicated to
the Numismatic Society, London. :
Presented by the Author, the Rev. Asheton Pownall, M.A., F.G.S.
Report of Zetland Anthropological Expedition. By Ralph Tate, F.G.S.
F.A.S.Z.
Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Antiquitates rutupina, Autore Joanne Botteby S.T.P. Oxon, 1745.
Presented by J. C. Jones, Esq. ,
Proceedings of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archzologists’ Field
Club. Presented by the Field Club.
a . -
23
Report of the Rugby School Natural History Society, 1867. Presented
by F. H. Kitchener, Esq.
Catalogue of the Shakesperian Museum, Stratford-upon-Avon.
Presented by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S.
MISCELLANEOUS.
DONATIONS.
Skulls and Roman Pottery, from the Grounds immediately joining the
Priory House. Presented by T. Lloyd, Esq.
Hat and Dress from South America. Presented by Mrs. Turner, of
Leamington.
Recent Shells, 7 univalve and 1 bivalvé. Presented by C. H. Brace-
bridge, Esq.
Series of Land (chiefly), some freshwater and marine Shells from the
West Indies. Presented by the Rev. P. B. Brodie.
LIBRARY.
PURCHASES.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 20, third series.
Vol 1, fourth series.
Camden Society Publications :—
No. 94. Dingley’s History from Marble: Part 1.
No. 25. Levins’ Manipulus Mabulorum.
Geological Magazine. No. 85 to 46.
Paleontographical Society's Publications :—
Vol. 21.—Plants of the Carboniferous strata. _ Part 1.
Supplement to the Fossil Corals. Part IV, No. 2. Liassic.
Cretaceous Echinodermata. Vol.I. Part 2.
Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone. Part 1.
Pleisocene Mammalia. Part II.
Popular Science Review. Part 25 to 28.
Ray Society's Publications :—
A Monograph on the Structure and Development of the
Shoulder Girdle and Sternum in the Vertibrata. By
W. Kitchener Parker, F.R.S., F.Z.S.
A Monograph of the British Spongiada Bowerbank. Vol. II.
Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown. Vol.-II.
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25
OFELCERS.OF THE.SOCLETY,
1868-69.
PATRON.
Tue Ricut Honovraste THE Hart of Warwick.
PRESIDENT.
James Ducpatz, Esa.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
Tur Ricut Honovraste tHE Eart or AYLESFORD.
Cuartes Houte Bracesrivce, Esa.
Water Henry Bracesrivce, Esa.
Tae Ricgut Honourasne Lorp Dormer.
Tue Ricut Honovraste toe Hart or Camperpown.
Epwarp Greaves, Esa.
Ricuarp Greaves, Esa.
James Cove Jones, Esq, F.S.A., M.N.S.
Tue Ricut Honovraste Lorp Lercn, F.Z.S.
Grorce Luoyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S,
Sir Cartes Morpavunt, Bart., M.P.
Sir Gzorce Ricnarp Parmuiprs, Barr.
Marx Pumps, Hsa,
Kvetyn Pamir Surruey, Hsa., F.S.A.
; Joun Staunton, Esa.
Tur Ricut Honovraste Lorp Wiitovessy pe Broxs,
Henry CuristorHer Wise, Esa., M.P.
HONORARY SECRETARIES.
Tue Rev. Peter Betuweer Bropim, M.A., F.G.S.
Joun Wittiam Kirsuaw, F.G.§.
26
HONORARY OURATORS.
Geologn and Mineralogy.
The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S. | JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S.
GEORGE LLOYD, Ese., M.D., F.G.S R. F. TOMES, Esq., F.Z.S.
WILLIAM VAUGHAN RUSSELL, Esq., F.G.S,
Hotany.
FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq, F.B.S,E.
Zoology.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M_D., F.G-S. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esgq., F.Z,S-
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, BA.
Archwologn.
MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esa | JOHN FETHERSTON,
W. B. DICKINSON, Esq , M.R.C.S.
P, O'CALLAGHAN, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.As
Tun., Esq.,F.8.A.
Pibrary.
CHARLES DURNFORD GREENWAY, Esq.
TREASURER.
EDWARD GREAVES, Esq.
AUDITOR.
KELYNGE-GREENWAY, Ese
COUNCIL.
The PATRON THOMAS COTTON, Esa.
The PRESIDENT MAJOR GENERAL JOHN H. FREER’
The VICE-PRESIDENTS The REV. PHILIP S. HARRIS.
The HONORARY SECRETARIES THOMAS LLOYD, Esa.
The HONORARY CURATORS W. H. PARSEY, Esq.,; M.D.
The TREASURER JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS, Ese.
The AUDITOR THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Esq
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Eso. THOMAS THOMSON, Esq., M.D.
The REV. WILLIAM BREE. JOHN TIBBITS, Ese., M.D.
eee ee ee
27
LIST OF MEMBERS,
1868.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Tre Rev. Apam Scpewicx, B.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and
- Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of
Cambridge, dc.
Rosert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.SS.L. & E., F.R.C.P.E.
F.L.S8., F.G.8., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy
and Zoology at the University College, igs. dc., Grafton
Place, Huston Square, London.
Joun Pumps, Esa., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.8., Professor of
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University
of Oxford, éc., Oxford.
Lizvutenant-CononeL Winiim Henry Sykes, M. P.,
F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.8., &., 47, Albion Street, Hyde
Park, London.
Samuet Biroz, Esq., LL.D., F.8.A., Keeper of Oriental
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of the
Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin,
Gottingen, Herculaneum, dc., dc.
Apert Way, Esg., M.A., F.8.A., Hon. See. of the British
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the ‘* Comité des
Arts et Monuments, Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey.
Grorce Luoyp, Esa., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham Heath.
28
MEMBERS.
THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS.
The Right Honourable Harl of Aylesford, Packington Hall,
Vice-President.
Jf W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington.
Mr. Henry Baly, M.P.S., Warwick.
Richard Barnett, Esq., Coten End, Warwick.
William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington:
Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq.. Rugby, Hon. Curator.
*Charles Holte Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice-
President.
The Rev. William Bree, Allesley, near Coventry, Membe
of Council.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sher-
bourne, Vice-President.
The Rey. Peter Bellinger Brodie,“ M.A., F.G.S., Rowing-
ton, Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator.
-” John Coulson Bull, Esq., Leamington.
- Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke
and Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron.
William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrooke Grange, near
Rugby.
P. O'Callaghan, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A., Leaming-
ton, Member of Council.
“ A. Cameron Campbell, Esq., Monzie, Scotland, and
Leamington.
Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick.
Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick.
29
Thomas Cotton, Esq.. Park-field House, Kenilworth,
Member of Council.
Thomas B. Dale,” Esq.,*; Warwick
~Y William Binley Dickinson, Esq., M.B.C.S., M.N.S., Novs,
Lansdowne Circus, Leamington, Hon. Curator.
The Right Honourable* Joseph} Thaddeus Dormer, Lord
Dormer, Grove Park, Vice-President.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Camperdown, Vice-
President.
James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, President.
John Fetherston, Jun., Esq., F.S.A., Packwood House,
Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator.
Charles Fetherston-Dilke, Esq., Maxstoke Castle, near
Coleshill.
James B. Elkington, Esq., Packwood House, Birmingham.
Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Kenilworth, Member
of Council.
Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill.
“ John Goodhall, Ksq., Emscote Lodge, Warwick.
*Hdward Greaves, Esq., Avonside, Barford, Vice-President
and Treasurer. «
Richard Greaves, Hsq., Cliff House, Warwick, Vice-
President.
Miss Greenway, Warwick.
Kelynge |Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Charles Durnford Greenway, Esq., Hon. Curator.
‘4 The Rev. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road,
} Leamington.
; Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury,
7 London, W.C.
Sir Robert N. C. Hamilton, Bart., K.C.B. Avon-Clif,
; Stratford-on-Ayon. :
—
30
The Rev. Philip 8. Harris, Leycester Hospital, Warwick
Member of Council.
The Rev. 8. C. Hamerton, Northgate, Warwick.
Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick.
Richard Child Heath, Esq., Warwick.
William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon.
/ Frederick Osmond Hyde, Esq., M.R.C.S., Leamington.
The Rey. Thomas Jackson, Hatton.
The Rev. John Jameson, M.A., High Street, Warwick.
James Cove Jones, Hsq., F.8.A., M.N.S., Loxley House,.
Vice-President.
A. Keene, Esq., Eastnor House, Leamington.
F. HE. Kitchener, Esq., Rugby, F.L.S.
Miss Kimberly, Warwick.
John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary
and Hon. Curator.
Thomas Lloyd, Esq., the Priory, Warwick, Member of
Council.
The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh,
F.Z.S., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President.
The Rey. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy.
Mr. James Mallory, Warwick.
John Moore, Esq,, Warwick.
Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart., Walton, Vice-President.
George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick.
Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick.
The Rey. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton.
William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton, Member of
Council. ;
Arthur Wellesley Peel, M.P., Sandy, Bedfordshire.
The Rev. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New
Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C.
31
Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President.
Mark Philips, Hsq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-
President.
The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., Beauchamp Terrace Hast,
Leamington.
Josiah Yeomans Robins, Esq., Myton, Member of Council. \
The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth.
William Vaughan Russell, Esq., F.C.8., Leamington,
Hon. Curator. :
Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street,
Leamington, Member of Council. X.
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F'.S.A., Hatington Park,
near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President.
William Smith, Esq., Warwick.
John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council.
Henry Summerfield, Hsq., Warwick.
Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terraee.
Leamington, Vice-President.
Sir Robert George Throckmorton, Bart., Buckland,
Faringdon, Vice-President.
John Tibbits, Esq., M.D., Warwick, Member of Council.
Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Welford. near Strat-
ford-on-Avon, Hon. Curator.
The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator.
Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.S,E., Oakfield,
Leamington, Hon. Curator.
‘ William Walker, Esq., Warwick.
James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford-
upon-Avon.
«George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bed-
worth.
52
The Right Honourable Henry Verney, Lord Willoughby-
de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President.
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek
Wootton, Vice-President.
J. Wimbridge, Esq., Warwick.
J Sir Trevor Wheler, Bart., Leamington.
Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby.
The Rey. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash.
1836—1853
1853—1869
1836—1837
1837—1838
1838—1839
1839—1840
1840—1841
1841—1842
1842—1°43
1843—1844
1844—1845
1$45—1846
1846—1847
1847—1848
1848—1849
1849—1850
1850—1851
185I—I852
1852—1853
1853—I854
1854—1855
1855—I856
1856—I857
1857—1858
1858—I859
1859—I860
1860—I86I
186I—1862
1862—1863
1863—I1864
1864—I865
1865—I866
1866—I867
1867—1868
1868—I£69
33
Mist of Patrons and residents,
From 1836 to 1869.
PARIS AAP AR RADAR,
PATRONS.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY RICHARD GREVILLE
EARL BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK, K.T., LL.D.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, EARL
BROOKE AND EARL OF WARWICK.
PRESIDENTS.
CHANDOS LEIGH, ESQ., F.H-S.
SIR JOHN MORDAUNT, BART., M.P.
SIR JOHN EARDLEY EARDLEY WILMOT, BART., M.P., F.R.S.
WILLIAM HOLBECHE, ESQ., F.G.S.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE GEORGE GUY GREVILLE, LORD
BROOKE.
CHARLES HOLTE BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ.
WILLIAM STAUNTON, ESQ.
SIR FRANCIS LAWLEY, BART., F.HS,, F.Z.S.
SIR GRAY SKIPWITH, BART.
SIR JOHN ROBERT CAVE BROWNE CAVE, BART.
THE MOST HONOURABLE SPENCER JOSHUA ALWYNE
COMPTON, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON, D.C.L., Prestpent
‘R.S., F.S.A., Hon. M.RI.A., F.G.S.
EVELYN JOHN SHIRLEY, ESQ., MP.
THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH.
SIR THEOPHILUS BIDDULPH, BART.
CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ.
MARK PHILIPS, ESQ.
HENRY CHRISTOPHER WISE, ESQ.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ. .-
WALTER HENRY BRACEBRIDGE, ESQ.
CHANDOS WREN HOSKYNS, ESQ. :
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM HENRY LEIGH, LORD
LEIGH, F.Z.S.
EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ.
THE REV. VAUGHAN THOMAS, B D.
SIR GEORGE RICHARD PHILIPS, BART.
EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P.
EDWARD GREAVES, ESQ., M.P.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
JOHN STAUNTON, ESQ.
RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ.
RICHARD GREAVES, ESQ.
JAMES COVE JONES, ESQ., F.S A., M.N.S.
JAMES COVE JONES, ESQ., F.S,A., M.N.S.
JAMES DUGDALE, ESQ.
34
The Meetings of the Council are held on the First
Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January,
and the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Easter week.
The Musrum is open daily to the Members and their
Friends from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Eleven
o’clock to Four between the First of November and the
last day of February.
Non-Subscribers are admitted on payment of an
admission fee of sixpence each.
The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on
Mondays and Tuesdays.
The Annual Subscriptions for 1868 are due on the 24th
day of May; and the Council request that the Subscribers
will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at the Bank
of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, Warwick ;
or to Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of
Subscriptions, Leicester Street, Leamington.
PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK.
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WARWICKSHIRE
NATURAL HISTORY
AN
ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
ESTABLISHED MAY 24rx, 1836.
THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS,
READ AT THE
ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 28rd, 1869.
In presenting the annual report, the Council congratulate
the Members on the continued prosperity of the Society.
Some valuable additions have been made to the Museum
and Library, by donation and purchase, during the past
year.
The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arrang-
ing a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and
some of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small
but judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon
make the entire Geological collection most valuable and
instructive, and one of the best out of London. At present
the collections of Natural History and Geology form a
good educational medium for all classes, and it is of the
utmost importance to maintain and increase its efficiency.
The fine example of the “ Megacerous ”—“ Fossil deer of
Treland,” from Lough Gur, near Limerick, which was
presented to the Society by Richard Greaves, Esq., is now
placed in the Geological room of the Museum.
2
Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a
collection properly, and for the same reason it is much
less profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes of
general instruction.
Though some of the desiderata have been filled up,
there are several formations which are still very defective,
amongst which may be enumerated the following :—The
Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce,
Headon hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. London
Clay Fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and Lower
Greensand, Great QOolite, Devonian and Lower Silurian
will be very acceptable. The aid of the members is particu-
larly requested in procuring fossils from the County,
especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian, as it
should be the chicf aim of all Jocal Museums to have as fine
a suite as possible from the strata which occur in the
immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out.
ARCHAOLOGY.
The Roman Coffin, found in the excavation for the rail-
way near Alcester, which was purchased for the Society,
has been set up at the entrance-door of the Museum.
BRITISH MAMMALIA.
Although no addition has been made to the British
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the
collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assistance
in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which migrate,
end which therefore in some species can only be obtained as
stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and though some,
3
are rarer than others, all may be obtained with tolerable
certainty, by those residing in such parts of the country as
they are known to inhabit. With the exception of the
marine species, such as the Whales and Porpoises, there
are none which might not take their place in our collection
of British fere. We have already some of the largest of the
land animals, as the Red Deer and Roebuck, both presented
by Edward Greaves, Esq. A mounted specimen of the
Fallow Deer, and of the two kinds of Martin, i.e. the
yellow breasted and tbe white breasted Martin, would go
far towards the completion of the terrestrial Mammalia of
Great Britain. We earnestly hope that some friends to
this Institution will kindly furnish one or other of these
desiderata. Of the smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and
Bats, a few kinds are wanting, but these the Curators
believe they shall before long be able to supply.
ENTOMOLOGY.
The Rev. W. Bree and Mr. J. S. Baty have kindly con-
sented to commence a Collection of British Insects. A
Cabinet of thirty drawers has been purchased. The present
cabinet is calculated to contain the Aculeate Hymenoptera,
the whole order of Coleoptera, and the early tribes of
Lepidoptera; when the arrangement of these groups is
completed it is hoped that the funds of the Society will be
sufficient to purchase a second cabinet, to contain the
remaining orders of British Insects, and the Council have
already received the following donations :—
A small collection of Lepidoptera from the Rev. 8. C.
Hamerton, as well as from the Rev. W. Bree.
Several hundred Aculeate Hymenoptera and Coleoptera
from Mr. F. Smith.
A few rare Coleoptera from Mr. Waterhouse.
Several hundred Hymenoptera and Coleoptera from
Mr. J. 8. Baly.
4
They have also received promises of Insects from Mr,
Newman, editor of the Zoologist, Mr. Janson, and several
other leading London Entomologists.
The majority of scientific Entomologists residing in or
near London, have confined their researches principally to
the Metropolitan district or to the Southern counties of
England; consequently the Midland counties present an
almost unworked field, which must contain very many
interesting novelties.
Warwickshire from its high state of cultivation has but
few waste spots, on which Insects usually abound, but’ its
varied soil and numerous woods will doubtless yield great
results to the efforts of a zealous collector. Those of our
members living in the country are earnestly solicited to
preserve and forward to our Curators any specimens that
may fallin their way. Lepidoptera may be captured in
pill-boxes and killed by means of a few drops of Chloroform.
Coleoptera and other orders should be put into a bottle in
which has been previously placed a small quantity of bruised
laurel leaves, the prussic acid contained in the leaves not
only very quickly killing the Insects but also preserving
them fresh, and in a state for setting for a considerable
length of time,
ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
When the repairs of the Museum were brought toa close,
the room containing the collection underwent a thorough
cleaning, and the specimens were taken out, examined,
carefully cleaned, and returned to the cases. The windows
of the rooms, the approaches to which were awkwardly
blocked up with cases, were relieved of their obstructions,
the specimens which were in these cases being transported
to their proper places in the series to which they respectively
belonged. But the most important change which has been
made in this department, is the separation of the British
5
from the Exotic species. In nearly all the extensive Natural
History Museums in Europe the native species are now
fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately been
the case in our National Museum, and whereas the
observer had before this change to seek laboriously through
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated
specimens which had formed the collection of some
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel
Montague,—he may now see them all placed side by side
in the gallery devoted to British Zoology. And with them
he may also see ranged the gems from the collection of the
late Mr. Yarrell. The advantage of such an arrangement
is obvious.
It has been observed, with great truth, “that you cannot
vie with the larger Museums in a general collection, but
you may excel thei if you confine yourselves to a purely
local collection.” Fully agreeing with this opinion, the
Hon. Curators, while enlarging the collection of British
Birds, purpose to do so, as much as possible, by means of
specimens obtained in Warwickshire, or the contigious
Counties. They offer these remarks in the hope that the
friends of the Institution will assist them in carrying out
their views, by donation of some of the species forming
the following list of desiderata :—
Order 1. Accipitress, Linn.
. Neophron Percnopterus, (Linn.)
Egyptian Vulture, .. ..
.Gyps fulvus, (Gmel.)
Griffon Vulture, a
Rough-legged Buzzard, --Archibuteo Lagopus, (Briin.)
Spotted Eagle,.. .. .. ..Aquila nevia, (Gmel.) Mey
Jer-falcon, - «- «+ «Kaleo Gyrfalco, Linn.
Red- footed Galcon «see 6. Linnunculus vespertinus, (Linn.)
Swallow-tailed Kite,.. ... ..Nauclerus furcatus, (Linn.) Vigors,
Goshark, .. .- ++ ++ ».dstur palumbarius, (Linn,) Bechst,
Montagu’s Harrier, ++ ++ «Circus cinerascens, (Mont.)
Hawk Owl,. Be -Surnia ulula, (Linn.) Bonap.
Snowy Owl, (British specimen, ] Nyctea nivea, (Thunb.)
Little Owl,. se 3 . Athene noctua, (Retz. )
Great-eared Owl, (female, } ». Bubo maximus, Sibb.
Tengmaim’s Owl, .. .. «.Nyctale) Tengmalmi, (Gmel.) Strick).
Order 2.
Alpine Swift, .. --
Roller, eens ane
Bee-eater, [British specimen}.
Dartford Warbler, -
Garden Warbler, [female, |
Fire-crested Regulus,
Plain-crowned Kinglet,
Black Redstart, [ Brit. specimen] Ruticilla tithys,
.. Cyanecula suecica,
..Accentor alpinus, Gmel. Bechst.
..Parus cristatus, Linn.
.Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.]
.Motacilla flava, Linn.
..Anthus spinoletta, (Linn.)
.. Anthus Richardi, (Vieill.)
.. Turdus varius, Horsf.
.. Turdus sazatilis, Linn.
.Oriolus Galbula, Linn.
. Pycnonotus aurigaster, (Vieill.)
Blue-throated Warbler,
Alpine Accentor, .-
Crested Tit, ... «. «+
White Wagtail,.. 47
Grey-headed Wagtail, .
Rock Pipit,.. .. ..
Richard’s Pipit,.. .-
White’s Thrush, sion) ‘ets
Rock Thrush, .. «.. «-
Golden Oriole, .. «.- «+ =
Gold-vented Thrush,
.
.
.
oe .
oe
o-
oe
6
Passeres, Ouv.
Cypselus Melba, Linn.
Coracias garrula, Linn,
Merops Apiaster, (Linn.)
Sylvia undata, (Bodd.)
Sylvia hortensis, (Penn.)
Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm.
Regulus proregulus, ( Pall.)
(Scop.)
Linn.
Great Ash-colouredShrike[fem]Lanius Excubitor, Linn.
Woodchat Shrike,
Nutcracker, s ix
Rose-coloured Ouzel[Brit.spec]Pastor roseus,
.Agelaius phaeniceus,
..Fringilla flavirostris, Linn.
.Emberiza Cirlus, Linn.
..Emberiza hortulana, Linn.
.Plectrophanes lapponicus, (Linn.) Selb.
.Alauda brachydactyla, Temm.
.Alauda cristata, Linn,
..Otocoris alpestris, (Linn.)
Red-winged Starling, .. -
Mountain Linnet, .. ..
Carl PB ADEN sf ieeh en eis w tienk =
Ortolan Bunting .. .«-.
Lapland Bunting .. .. -
Short-toed Lark, .. .. .-
Crested Lark,..3 “5 si J
Shore Lark,
Parrot Cross-bill, iy ei 4
.Loaia leucoptera, Gmel.
White-winged Cross-bill,.. .«
Order 3.
American Cuckoo, ..
Great spotted Cuckoo,
Order 4.
Rock Dove, eas
Passenger Pigeon,
Order 5.
Barbary Partridge, ..
Andalusian Hemipode,
Virginian Colin,
Order 6,
Great Buzzard,.. .--
Little Buzzard,.. .. . ak
..Enneoctonus refus, (Briss.)
Nucifraga caryocatactes, (Linn.) Briss.
(Linn.) Temm.
(Linn.) Vieill.
Lozia pityopsittacus, Bechst.
Scansores, Ill.
. .Coccyzus americanus, (Linn.)
.. Oxylophus glandarius, (Linn.)
Columba, Lath.
.. Columba Livia, Briss.
..Ectopistes migratorius, (Linn.) Swains.
Galline, Linn.
..Caccabis petrosa, (Lath.)
.. Turnix gibraltaricus, (Gmel.) Gould.
.. Ortyx virginianus, (Linn.) Gray.
Struthiones, Lath.
.. Otis trada, Linn.
Otis tetrax, Linn.
F
Order 7. Gralle, Linn.
Great Plover, .. <. - «.G@dicnemus crepitans, Temm,
Cream-coloured Courser,. . «.Cursorius gallicus, (Gmel.) ,
Kentish Plover,.. .. .. «sCharadrius Cantianus, Lath:
Crane.. be .. «+Grus cinerea, Bechst.
Great White Fibroniet « «. «Ardea alba, Gmel.
Egret, [British feta ] .- Ardea Garzetta, Linn.
Squacco Heron,. 2 » «-Ardea Comata, Pall.
Buff-backed Heron, «. «. «Ardea Coromanda, Bodd.
American Bittern, .. .. ..Botaurus lentiginosus, Mont,
Spoon-bill,.. .. .. .. ..Platalea leucorodia, Linn.
White Stork, .. .. .. ..Ciconia alba, Briss.
Black Stork, .. .. .. ..Ciconia nigra, Bechst..
Spotted Redshank, .. .. ..Totanus stagnalis, Bechst.
Wood Sandpiper, -.. .. ..Totanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm,
Avocet, as -. .. «.Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn.
Black-winged Stilt, -» «. ..Himantosus Candidus, Bonn.
Buff-breasted Sandpiper,.. ..Tringa refescens, Vieill.
Broad-billed Sandpiper, .. ..Tringa platyrhyncha, Temm,
Schintz's Sandpiper, .. ..Tringa Schinztii, Brehm.
Pectoral Sandpiper,.. .. ..Tringa pectoralis. Say.
Brown Snipe, .. .. .- .-Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach.
Sabine’s Snipe,.. .. .. ..Gallinago Sabini, Vigors.
Red-necked Phalarope, .. ..Phalaropus hyperboreus, (Linn.) Cuvier.
Ballion’s Crake, +s ++ «-Ortygometra pygmea, Naum.
Little Crake, .. .. .. ..Ortygometra minuta, Pall.
Order 8. Anseres, Linn,
Spur-winged Gonse,.. .. ..Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph.
Common Wild Goose, .. .«..Anser ferus. Gesn.
White-fronted Goose, .. .-Anser erytlropus, (Linn.) Flem.
Pink footed Goose, ... .. -.Anser brachyrhynchus, Baill.
Bernicle Goose,.. .. .. ..Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.) Steph.
Red-breasted Goose,.. .. ..Bernicla ruficollis (Pall.) Steph.
Polish Swan, .. .. .. ..Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrell,
Whistling Swan, ++ «+ «Cygnus ferus, Ray.
Bewick’s Swan,.. .. .. ..Cygnus minor, Pall,
American Swan, + .. «Cygnus americanus, Sharpeless.
Ruddy Shieldrake, .. .. ..Casarka rutila, Pall.
American Wigeon, .. .. ..Mareca americana, (Gmel.) Steph.
Bimaculated Duck, -. «-Querquedula bimaculata, Penn,
Gadwall, .. i -Chaulelasmus strepera, Linn.
' Red-crested Whistling Duck,. .Branta rufina, (Pall.) Boie.
Scaup Pochard,.. .. .. ..Fuligula Marila, (Linn.) Steph.
Ferruginous Dheke ee Nyroca leucophthalma, (Bechst.) Flem.
Harlequin Garrot, .. .. ..Clangula histrionica, (Linn.) Steph.
Long-tailed Hareld,.. .. ..Harelda glacialis, (Linn.) Leach.
Steller’s Western Duck .. ..Eniconetta Stelleri, Pall.
King Duck, .. .. .. ..Somateria spectabilis, | Linn.) Steph.
Surf Scoter, cis -. ..Otdemia perspicillata, (Linn.) Steph.
Red-breasted Merganser,.. ..Mergus Serrator, Linn.
Hooded Merganser,.. .. ..Mergus cucullatus, Linn.
Red-necked Grebe, .. .. -Prodiceps grisegena, (Bodd.) Lath.
Selevonian Grebe, .. sa
Great Auk,.. .1 a1
Manx Shearwater,
Cinereous Shearwater,
Wilson’s Petrel..
Fork-tailed Petrel,
Bulwer's Petrel,
Buffon’s Squa,
Common qua, ..
Glaucous Gull, ..
Iceland Gull,
Little Gull,
Sabine’s Gull,
Ivory Gull,.
Caspian Tern, ae
Gulled Lilled Tern,
Sandwith Tern,.
Roseate Tern, ..
White-winged Black ‘Tern,
Black Noddy,
8
.: Podiceps Cornutus, (Ginel.) Lath.
.- Alea impennis, Linn.
.. Pufinus Anglorum, Ray.
.-Pufinus cinereus, Gmel.
..Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl.
.- Thalassidroma Leachii, Vemm.
.. Thalassidroma Bulweri, (J.&S.) Gould.
. .Stercorarius cephus, Briin.
. Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn.
.. Larus glaucus, Briin,
.- Larus leucopterus, Faber.
.. Larus minutus, Pall.
..Xema Sabini, Leach.
..Pagophila eburnea, (Gmel.) Kaup.
.. Sterna caspia, Pall.
.. Sterna anglica, Mont.
.. Sterna cantica, Gmel.
.. Sterna paradisea, Briin.
..Hydrocheidon nigra, Linn.
.. Andus stolidus, (Linn.) Catesby.
BOTANY.
The Herbarium, collected by the late Mr. Perry, being
for sale, the Council deemed it desirable that it should be
purchased for the Museum, particularly as it contained many
rare specimens of the District, which are not now to be met
with. As the annual income of the Society is only sufficient
to meet current expenses, it can only be purchased by sub-
scription, and it is expected this will be done in the current
year.
LIBRARY.
An opportunity occurred to purchase a very good copy
of the second Edition of Dugdale’s Antiquities of Warwickshire,
by Dr. Thomas, of which the Council availed themselves,
considering that it was very desirable to have it in the
Library for reference.
A Catalogue of Books in the Library has been made, to
the 3lst December, 1867, and a copy was sent to each
Member.
The Council will be glad to receive presents of any works
of Local interest, for the Library.
Any Member wishing to take a Book from the Library,
9
is particularly requested to see that an entry is made in the
book kept for that purpose, which is on the Library table.
The date must also be entered when the book is returned.
Before Members are allowed to take Books out of the
Library, a deposit of ten shillings is required. Some of
the Books cannot be taken away from the Library.
The Accounts for the year have been audited, and the
General Financial Statement, to March 31st, 1869, is
appended to this report.
The Museum, now containing a valuable and well-
arranged collection of Natural History, Ceology, and
Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not
extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is highly
creditable to the Town and County of Warwick, and
deserves a much greater amount of support than it has of
late years received. An excellent foundation has been laid,
but much might be effected if adequate meaus were placed at
the disposal of the Council. Owing to the losses, by death,
of several subscribers during the past year, and the small
number of additional members, the funds of the Society
are in a less satisfactory condition than could be desired.
A reference to the list of subscribers wiil show that only
afew of the rich and influential residents in the County
belong to the Society. If the members would solicit
annual subscriptions from their friends and neighbours,
-it is probable that a considerable addition would be made
to the funds of the Society.
At the Annual Meeting, after the business of the Society
was finished, and the Officers for the ensuing year appointed,
Mr. Marruew Hoxsecue Broxam, read the following Paper,
on “Warwickshire in the Civil Wars of the Seventeenth
Century, (second notice.)
10
On the 25th of August, 1642, two days after the skirmish
at LonglItchington, the particulars of which were detailed in
my former notice, the King set up his standard at Nottingham.
On the 28th of that month Prince Rupert, with a body of
horse from Leicester, made an attack on Caldicott Hall, a
stone mansion, strongly built, and not far from Nuneaton.
We have on a monument in Caldicott church, a detailed
account of the occurrence. The inscription runs thus:—
“‘Here lieth the body of George Abbott, late of Caldecott, in
Warwickshire, Esquire, whose eminent parts, virtues, and
graces, drawn forth to life in his exemplary walking with
(rod, his tenderness to all the members of Christ, who fre-
quently fled to his charity in their wants, and counsel in
cases of conscience. His exact observation of the Sabbath,
which he vindicated by his pen, and on which, August 28th,
1642, God honoured him in the memorable and unparalleled
defence of this adjoining house, with eight men (besides his
mother and her maids) against the furious and fierce assault
of Prince Rupert and Maurice, with 18 troops of horse and
dragoneers. His perspicuous paraphrases of the books of Job
and Psalms, his judicious tracts of public affairs then emergent,
his known integrity in public employments, rendered him
one in a thousand for singular piety, wisdom, learning,
cuainty, courage, and fidelity to his country, which he served
in two Parliaments, the former and the present, whereof
he died a member February 2nd. 1648, in the 44th year of
his age. This monument was erected to his memory by his
dear mother and execut:x, Johan Purefoy, the wife of
Colonel William Purefoy, his beloved father-in-law, the 28th
day of August, Anno Domini, 1649.” Colonel Purefoy was
one of the chief of the Parliamentarian party in this county.
No one would draw the inference from this inscription, that
Caldecott hall was taken, which was however the fact. In
Vicar’s Maynalia Dei Anglicani, or England’s Parliamentary
(Chronicle, a somewhat ssarce work, which has been com-
mented upon as ‘‘a curious medley of facts and furious party
veo,’ a more detailed account of this attack is given,
which is as follows :—‘About the middle of September, 1642,
the Parliament was informed of the great outrages and inso-
lences of the Cavaliers arraymen, in Warwickshire, Worces-
tersh re, Gloucestershire, and Cheshire. But one passage
anong the rest, being very remarkable and worthy of particular
remembrance, may not be here omitted, which fell out in
Warwickshire, and was this. The Cavaliers having notice,
and thereupon informing Prince Rupert of a worthy gentle-
11
man’s house and habitation, by name Mr. William Purfrey,
of Caldecot, in Warwickshire, a worthy member of the
House of Commons, and a gentleman of a fair estate, who
lived in a very strong and a well built house of stone,
upon which intelligence given to this Prince of Plunderers,
he with about five hundred of his forces, upon a Sunday
morning, a little before prayer-time (a fit day and time of
day for such profane theives and robbers to act their
wicked designs of thefts and rapines), came to Caldecot
aforesaid, and beset this gentleman’s house, with an intent
plunder and pillage it, himselfe being absent from home,
and there being within onely the mistresse of the house,
one or two daughters, one Mr. George Abbott (her son-in-law,
a very resolute and stout young gentleman), three serving-
men, and three maid servants. The Prince being come to
the house, sends unto them to open the gates, and to deliver
up the house unto him; the gentleman and all within with
him being very courageous and cheerful, and having good
store of muskets, powder, and shot, in the house, refused so
to doe, but stood upon their guard, resolving, by God’s
assistance, to fight it out rather than to yield themselves to
the perfideous cruelty of him and his accursed cavaliers, and
thereupon the young gentleman tooke forth a dozen muskets
and taught the women how to charge the muskets whiles he
and the other men discharged them. Prince Rupert, thus
affronted, gives command to his cavaliers to set upon the
house, and to break open the outmost gates to come into the
yard or court ; but as his captains and souldiers entered in,
the said Mr. Abbott and his men shot so quick and thick at
them, and shewed themselves (by God’s assistance) such
notable marksmen, that at the very first onset they slew one
Captain Mayford, and Captain Shute, and after that one
Captain Steward, and ere they had done, about 15 more of
their souldiers, whereof some were other officers in armes—
the men within still shooting at them without intermission,
and the women, who had aptly learn’t their art, did their
work and acted their parts most nimbly and cheerefully ;
and when their bullets began to fail, they fell to melting all
their household pewter, and having bullet moulds in the
house, speedely made more, and notably supplied that want
faster than they could be spent, and thus the businesse was
so plyed, and with such dexterity by them in all their
appointed ways, God wonderfully enabling them, that Prince
Rupert was very sorely put to it, and having seene so many
of his men slaine, and seeing he could not so easily enter the
12
house as he and his company expected, he fired the barnes,
stables, and outhouses, which caused a mighty smoke, and
began to smother them much in the house, and to hinder
their fight from acting as they did before, and now also their
store of powder was wellnigh all spent ; hereupon, therefore,
Mistris Purfrey herselfe, the mistris of the house, opened her
doores, and issuing forth, fell upon her knees, and craved
quarter for herselfe and her family onely ; whereupon it
pleased the Lord to molifie the Princes heart towards her,
who asked her what she would desire of him? She answered,
her own life and the lyves of those that ware within with
her, certifying him who and what number they were, and
that onely her son-in-law, Mr. Abbott, and his three servants
were ail the men or male kinde in the house, which did what
was done; which when Prince Rupert heard, and understood
for certain of the paucity of their number, and considered
their brave valour and resolution, he admired and wondered
at it, raised the gentlewoman from her knees, saluted her
kindly (the greatest act of humanity, if not the onely, that
ever I yet could heare he expressed to any honest English),
and granted her request fully and freely, notwithstanding
the slaughter of so many of his men, and some commanders
as aforesaid, went into the house to see Mr. Abbott and the
rest who had so bravely behaved themselves, whom when he
saw, and that ’twas so indeed, he was much taken with their
most notable valour, saved their lives, and house from plun-
dering, saying to Mr. Abbott that he was worthie to bea
chief commander in an armie, and proferred him such a place
in his army if he would go with him, but he modestly refused
it. However, here the said Prince fairly performed his
promise, and would not suffer a pennyworth of his goods in
the house to be taken from them, and so departed.” Such
is the account given by Vicar’s of that “ Prince of plun-
derers,” as he describes him, Prince Rupert. There were, as
we shall see, other plunderers in the Parliamentary forces.
The “ Iter Carolinum,” a diary by one of the Royal attendants
as brief as the more ancient Jters of King John and Edward
the Second, exhibits the movements of the King and his
forces during the early part of the civil wars. It appears
from this that the head quarters and rendezvous of the Royal
forces were first at Nottingham, to which place the King
went on the 16th of August, 1642. On the 18th of that
month he went from thence to Leicester, and on the 19th to
Stoneley Abbey, Sir Thomas Lee’s, where, if we may credit
the diarist, he stayed three nights. He returned to Notting-
13
ham on the 23rd, after the skirmish at Long Itchington.
Then took place the formal raising of the Royal Standard.
Having collected there what forces he could, he commenced
his march westward, on the 13th of September he went: to
Derby, there he stayed three nights; on the 16th to
Uttoxter, on the 17th to Stafford, there he stayed two nights;
on the 19th he went to Wellington, and on the 20th to
Shrewsbury, here he remained with his forces, increased by
the gentry who espoused his cause, for three weeks, during
which period he went to Chester, where he appears to have
stayed four days. A more complete account of the move-
ments of the Parliamentary forces is given in some letters,
preserved in the State paper office, written by one Nicholas
Wharton, who appears to have been a sergeant in some foot
regiment, to his then late master, Mr. George Willingham, a
merchant at the Golden Anchor, in St. Swithin’s Lane. The
date of the first of these letters is the 16th of August, 1642,
of the last, Octoher the 7th, 1642. What became of the
writer after the inditing of that letter is unknown. These
letters are somewhat lengthy. I shall therefore give little
more than excerpts relating to occurrences in this county.
In a letter dated Coventry; August 26th, 1642, he says :—
“Monday morning (August 19) we marched into Warwick-
shere with about three thousand foote and four hundred
horse, until we came to Southam. This is a very malignant
towne, both minister and people. We pillaged the minister,
and took from him a drum and severall armes. This night
our soildiers, wearied out, quartered themselves about the
town for foode and lodginge, but before we could eate or
drinke an alarm cryed ‘ Arme, arme, for the enemy is com-
menge, and in halfe an hower all our soildiers, though
dispersed, were cannybals in armes, ready to encounter the
enemy. Our horse were quartered about the country, but
the enemy came not. We barrecaded the towne, and at
every passage placed our ordinance, and watched it all night,
our soildiers contented to lye upon hard stones. In the
morninge early our enemise, consistinge of about eight
hundred horse, and three hundred foote, with ordinance, led
by the Earle of Northampton, the Lord of Carnarvan, and
the Lord Compton, and Captain Legge, and other, intended
to set upon us before wee could gather our companies together,
but being ready all night, early in the morning wee went to
meet them with a few troopes of horse and six field peeces,
and being on fier to get at them we marched thorow the
corne and got the hill of them, whereupon they played upon
“4 14
us with their ordinances, but they came short. Our gunner
took their own bullet, and sent it to them againe, and killed
a horse andaman. After wee gave them eight shot more,
whereupon all their foote companie fled, and offered their
armes in the towns adjacent for twelve pence a peece. Their
troopes whelinge about, took up their dead bodies and fled :
the number of men slaine, as themselves reported, was fifty
besides horse. Severall dead corps wee found in corne fields,
and amongst them a trumpeter, whose trumpet our horsemen
sounded into Coventry. We took severall prisoners, and
amongst them Captain Legge and Captain Clark. From
thence wee marched valiently after them toward Coventry,
and at Dunsmore Heath they threatened to give us battaile,
but we got the hill of them, ordered our men, but they all
fled, and we immediately marched into Coventry, where the
countrey met us in armes and welcomed us, and gave us good
quarter both for horse and foote.” Ina letter dated Coventry,
August the 30th, 1642, he says:—‘* My last was unto you
from Coventry, August the 26th, which place is still our
quarter; a City environed with a wall co-equal, if not
exceedinge, that of London for breadth and height; the
compass of it is neare three miles, all of free stone. It hath
four stronge gates, stronge battlements, stored with towers,
bulwarks, and other necessaries. This city hath magnificent
churches and stately street ; within it ther are also several
and pleasant sweete springes of water, built of free stone,
very large, sufficient to supply many thousand men. The
City gates are guarded day and night with four hundred
armed men, and no man entereth in or out but upon open
examination. It is also very sweetly situate. Thursday,
August 26th, our soildiers pillaged a malignant fellowes
house in this City, and the Lord Brooke immediately pro-
claimed that whosoever should for the future offend in that
kind should have martiall law. Fryday several of our
soildiers, both horse and foote, sallyed out of the City unto
the Lord Dunsmore’s parke”—(this was at King’s Newnham,
nine miles from Coventry, eastward)—‘‘and brought from
thence great store of venison, which is as good as ever I
tasted, and ever since they make it their dayly practise, so
that venison is almost as common with us as beef with you.
This day our horsemen sallyed out, as their daily custom is,
and brought in with them two cavaleeres and with them an
old base Priest the parson of Sowe, near us, and led him
rediculously abont the city unto the chief Commanders.
Sunday morne the Lord of Essex, his Chaplain Mr. Kemme,
—
15
the cooper’s sonne, preached unto us, and this was the first
sermon we heard since we came from Alisbury; but before
he had ended his first prayer Newes was brought into the
Church unto our commanders that Nuneaton, some six miles
from us, was fired by the enemy, and forthwith our Generall
and several captaines issued forth, but I and many others
stayed until sermon was ended, after which we were com-
manded to march forth with all speed, namely my captain
with Captain Beacon and Captain Francis of our regiment,
and of other regiments, in all to the number of one thousand
foote, and one troope of horse, but before we came at them
they all ran away, not having done much harm, whereupon
we returned to Coventry again.” This news seems to advert
to the attack by Prince Rupert on Caldecott Hall, which
mansion was but a short distance from Nuneaton, on the
25th of August. Nicholas Wharton’s next letter is dated
Northampton, September the 8rd, 1642. In this letter he
says: “Wensday (that was the 3lst of August) wee kept
the fast and heard two sermons, but before the third was
ended we had an alarm to march presently. By ten of the
clock we got our regiments together and kept our rendevow
in the City until midnight, and about two in the morning
marched out of this City towards Northampton. This City
hath four steeples, three churches, two parishes, and not long
since but one priest; but now the world is well amended
with them. This day our souldiers brought with them
three asses which they had taken out of the Lord Duns-
more’s Park, which they loaded with their knapsacks and
dignified them with the name of the Lord Dunsmore.
This day being Thursday (September the first) we marched
over Dunsmore Heath, near twelve miles without any sus-
tenance, until we came to Barby, in Northamptonshire,
where the country, according to their ability, reiieved as
many of us as they could. Our soldiers pillaged the
parson of this town, and brought him away prisoner with
his surplice and other relics.” He then described his
further march and the pillage of ‘‘malignants,” as the
Royalists were termed. In a letter from Worcester, dated
September 26th, he says: ‘‘ This even we had tidings that
Killingworth Castle in Warwickshire, six miles from
Coventry, was taken with store of ammunition and
money, and some prisoners, their number uncertain; the
rest fled, and the country pursued them, and wanted but
the assistance of Coventry to have destroyed them all.”
This incident is alluded to by Anthony Wood in the life
16
of Sir Wiliam Dugdale, as follows, a somewhat different
version from that given by Wharton :—‘ During the
King’s stay at Stonely, the citty of Coventrie continuing
thus rebellious, Warwick Castle also being manned by
L¢ Rrooke, as hath been observed his Mati¢ upon his
return to Notingham placed two companies of foot and
one of Dragoons in his castle of Kenilworth (the strongest
fort in all the Midland parts) lying in the midway betwixt
Coventry and Warwick. But w'"in a few days after having
intelligence that the power of the rebells in that countie
did dailie increase, and fearing that those souldiers thus
put into Kenilworth Castle might be distressed by a siege,
he sent two troopes of Horse and one of Dragoons to
fetch off those men with their armes and ammunition.
And because he knew the said Mr. Dugdale to be well
acquainted with the roades and wayes in that county,
appointed him to accompany Sir Richard Willys who
commanded that party, as his guide, purporting to bring
them off as privately as might be. To which end they
marching from Mount Sorrell in Leicestershire on Sunday
morning, they came about ten of the clock at night to Kenil-
worth, and though they made such haste in getting carriages
for their ammunition, as that they marcht out of that
castle by seven of the clock the next morning: Neverthe-
less by intelligence given to the rebells in Coventrie, such
numbers of those with Horse and Foot pursued them, as
that they were constrayn’d to make a stop in Cudworth
Field (two miles northward of Coleshill) to encounter
them, when they chardged these rebells (though five to
one in number) so stoutly that they put them to the rout
and tooke some of them prisoners, whom they brought
that night to Tamworth, and the next morning to Tutbury
Castle; the sayd Mr. Dugdale hasting immediately to
Notingham to acquaint the King therew*.” Northampton
was the rendezvous of the Parliamentary army under the
Earl of Essex, and Wharton goes on to say in the same
letter, written by him from Worcester—‘‘ Wednesday,
Sept. 14th, our forces, both foote and horse, marched into
the field, and the Lord General viewed us both front, rear,
and flank. This evening, contrary to expectations, our
regiment marched five miles north-east unto Stratton
(Spratton), where we, and as many as could, billited in
the town; the rest quartered thro the country.” As the
King had set out from Nottingham on his march to
Shrewsbury, the Earl of Essex determined to march on a
17
parallel line from Northampton to Worcester. Some
account of this is recorded by Wharton. ‘‘ Munday
morning (19th September), our regiment began to march
towards Warwickshire, and passed through Wes Haddon
Creeke and Hill Morton, where we had a supply of drink,
which upon a march is very rare and extraordinary wel-
come, and at the end of ten miles we came to Rugby, in
Warwickshire, where we had good quarter. At this town
Mr. Norton (Nalton) formerly preached. This town also
was lately disarmed by the Cavaliers on the Sabbath day,
the inhabitants being at church. Tuesday morning (20th
September), our regiment marched two miles unto Duns-
more Heath, where the Lord General and his regiment
met us, as also the Lord of Stanford, Colonel Cholmley,
and Colonel Hampden, with many troops of horse and
eighteen field pieces, where we kept our rendezvous until
even.” [It is not difficult to fix on the spot where this
rendezvous was held; it was, I think, where the road
from Rugby to Dunchurch joins the turnpike road from
Northampton to Dunchurch, near to Bilton Grange, and,
as the mile post shows, just two miles from Rugby.] The
writer then continues : ‘‘ When we had tidings that all the
malignants in Worcestershire, with the Cavaliers, were
got into Worcester, and fortified themselves, whereupon
we marched six miles unto Baggington, within two miles
of Coventry. This night the rest of our regiments quar-
tered about the country. Wednesday morning we marched
towards Warwick, leaving Killingworth Castle upon the
right, and after we had marched six miles our forces met
again and quartered before: Warwick until forty pieces of
ordnance, with other carriages, had passed by, in which
time I viewed the antiquities on this side Warwick at Sir
Guy’s cave, his chapel, and his picture in it (meaning uo
doubt that gigantic sculptured representation of the 14th
century of an armed warrior or knight which still, though
- in a mutilated condition, is there to be seen), his stables
all hewn out-of the main rock, as also his garden, and
two springing wells whereat he drank as is reported.
From hence our regiment marched through Warwick in
such haste that I could not view the town, but had only a
sight of the Castle, which is very strong, built upon a
mighty rock, whereof there are store in this country.
This night we marched two miles further, unto Burford
(Barford), where our quarter was as constantly since his
excellency’s coming. It is very poor, for many of our
18
soldiers can get neither beds, bread, nor water.” On
Thursday they marched ten miles, to Assincantlo (Aston
Cantlow), ‘‘ where,” says he, ‘“‘we could get no quarter,
neither bread nor drink, by reason of the Lord Compton’s
late being there.” On Saturday, the 24th of September,
they marched into Worcester. I must now proceed with
the ‘Iter Carolinum.”. The King having, whilst at Shrews-
bury and Chester, increased his forces considerably, though
many of them were ill- armed, commenced his march
towards London. Leaving Shrewsbury on the 12th of
October, 1642, he proceeded to Bridgenorth ; from whence,
on the 15th of that month, he went to Wolverhampton ;
thence, on the 17th, to Bremichem (Birmingham), to the
mansion of Sir Thomas Holt, Aston Hall; on the 18th
he went to Packington, the house of Sir Robert Fisher ;
on the 19th to Killingworth (Kenilworth.) Whether the
castle was then garrisoned by the forces of the Parliament
or abandoned by them, whether for the night he took up
his abode in the castle or elsewhere, the writer of this Iter
does not inform us. Lord Clarendon, however, states
that it was ‘‘a house of the kings and a very noble seat ;”
so I conceive it must have been the castle—no longer the
Sebastapol of the Midland Counties, as in the reign of
Henry III., but a more palatial and less defensive resi-
dence. He was now with his army between the two hostile
garrisons of Coventry and Warwick Castle. On the 21st
of October he proceeded with his army to Southam, pro-
bably crossing the Avon at Chesford Bridge. At Southam
he issued a Proclamation, which I have before me. On
the 22nd of Oct. he proceeded to Edgcott, Prince Rupert
taking up his quarters the same night at Wormleighton,
at a fine mansion belonging to the Spencer family, now in
ruins. There is an anecdote related by Dr. Thomas, in
the continuation of the Antiquities of Warwickshire, by
Sir Wm. Dugdale, which I shall do well here to mention.
He speaks of Mr. Richard Shuckburgh, of an ancient
family in Warwickshire, the possessor of the Shuckburgh
estates in this county in the time of the Civil Wars, as in
no way inferior to his ancestors, and then goes on to say,
‘As Charles I. marched to Edgcot, near Banbury, on the
29nd October, 1642, he saw him hunting in the field, not
far from Shuckburgh, with a very good pack of hounds,
vpon which, it is reported, that he fetched a deep sigh and
asked who that gentleman was that hunted so merrily
that morning, when he was going to fight for his crown
19
and liberty; and being told that it was this Richard
Shuckburgh, he was ordered to be called to him, and was
by him very graciously received, upon which he went
immediately home, armed all his tenants, and the next
day attended him on the field, where he was knighted,
and was present at the Battle of Kdgehill. After the taking
of Banbury Castle, and his Majesty’s retreat from those
parts, he went to his own seat and fortified himself on the
top of Shuckburg Hill, where, being attacked by some of
the Parliamentary forces, he defended himself till he fell
with most of his tenants about him, but being taken up
and life perceived in him, he was carried away prisoner
to Kenilworth Castle, where he lay a considerable time,
and was forced to purchase his liberty at a dear rate.”
There is in the Church of Upper Shuckburgh, a monu-
mental bust of this Warwickshire worthy and staunch
Royalist, representing him, not unlike the portraits of
Charles I., with a moustache and piked beard, according
to the fashion which prevailed. Next to the monumental
bust of the greatest of the Warwickshire worthies, whose
birthday is this day held in commemoration, this bust of
Sir Richard Shuckburgh, in the Church of Upper Shuck-
burgh, is of all the monumental busts in the Warwickshire
Churches, and they are not few, the most interesting. On
the eve of the memorable 28rd of Oct., 1642, the main
body of the King’s army lay encamped on the southern
side of the Cherwell, between Edgcot and Cropredy.
Prince Rupert, who commanded the rear, had his quarters
at Wormleighton. The King had left Shrewsbury on the
12th of October. The Earl of Essex, who commanded
the Parliamentary army. marched on the 14th of October
from Worcester, with his forces, to meet those of the
King. On the eve of the 23rd of Oct. the Earl of Essex,
with the main body of his forces, reached Kineton, in the
vale at the foot of the Edgehills. Prince Rupert had
stationed picquets on the Burton Dassett Hills, and by
these the fires. of the Parliament’s picquets were seen in
the vale near Kineton. Prince Rupert immediately sent to
inform the King, whose army was thereupon ordered to
rendezvous on Edgehill. This was about three on the
morning of Sunday, the 23rd of October. The main
body of the King’s army crossed the Cherwell at Cropredy
Bridge, taking the road through Mollington and Warming-
ton to Edgehill. Some of Prince Rupert’s horse from
Tarmington reached Bdgehill before eight o'clock in tha,
20
morning, and their appearance on the brow gave the first
intelligence to Essex of the proximity of the King’s army.
The latter was nominally commanded by the Earl of
Lindsey ; his counsel was that of a prudent commander,
but Prince Rupert refused to receive orders except from
the King. Thé army descended the hill; Prince Rupert
commanding the cavalry of the right wing. There are
several accounts of this battle, written within a day or
two after it took place; one of these is the official account
sent to the Parliament, and by it ordered to be printed
and published, which it was on the 28th of Oct., five days
after the battle. This account thus published I have
before me. I am not going to enter into all the details
of this battle, of which both sides claimed the victory.
At the onset the cavalry of the King’s right wing, com-
manded by Prince Rupert, routed the left wing of the
Parliamentarian army and pursued them to Kineton,
where the baggage was left, which they began to plunder,
thereby losing much valuable time, for the King’s centre
was defeated by the Parliamentary centre, the Karl of
Lindsey mortally wounded, the King’s Standard bearer
killed, and the Royal Standard taken (though this was
afterwards recovered by Captain Smith), and much con-
fusion seems to have prevailed in both armies. The battle
did not commence till three’ o’clock in the afternoon, and
in a few hours darkness put an end to the contest, without
any decided success by either army. Both armies kept
the field during the night, and the next morning faced
each other, but without renewing the fight. The number
of slain was variously computed from 1,000 to 5,000; it
was probably below the former number. The immediate
result, however, was in favour of the Royal cause, for
Essex, contrary to the advice of Hampden, Hollis, and
Brook, withdrew his forces to Warwick, whilst the King
marched to Banbury, then an important garrison of the
Parliamentarians, which surrendered to him without a
blow. In this battle, William Earl of Denbigh was on
the side of the King, whilst his son (the Lord Fielding,
afterwards Basil Earl of Denbigh) commanded forces in
the right wing of the Earl of Essex’s army. In the
official account, to which I have alluded, sent up by the
Parliamentarians to the House of Commons, their army is
stated to have consisted of 11 regiments of Foot, 42 troops
of Horse, and about 700 Dragoons—in all, about 10,000
men. In this account they say, ‘‘ The Harl of Linsey, his
ga aE alae
21
son (the Lord Willoughby), and some other persons of
note, are prisoners. Sir Edmund Varney, who carried the
King’s Standard, was slain by a gentleman of the Lord
General's troop of Horse, and the Standard taken, which
was afterwards by the Lord Generall himself delivered
unto his Secretary (Mr. Chambers) with an intention to
send it back the next day unto His Majesty; but the
Secretary, after he had carried it long in his hand, suffered
it to be taken away by some of our troopers, and as yet
we cannot learn where it is. By this time it grew so late
and dark, and to say the truth, our ammunition at this
present time was all spent, that we contented ourselves to
make good the field, and gave them liberty to retire up
the hill in the night.” It is to be observed that the 23rd
October old style, would answer to the 4th of November,
and that between four and five in the afternoon, darkness
would prevail. I do not think this battle could have
lasted much more than two hours. As to numbers, as far
as I have been able to collect, the forces. of both armies
were about equal. Ina short view of the late troubles in
England, by Sir William Dugdale, the following account
is given, in which the truth of the Parliamentarian account
is contested :—‘*‘ So that on Sunday, the xxiijrd of October,
being in view of the King’s forces, they put their army in
order near Kineton, in Warwickshire, and bid his Majesty
battel, by a signal thereof given with their great ordinance,
wherewith they made five shot at his army, before any fire
was given on the other part. But then began a sharp
encounter which continued near three hours, wherein
God so preserved his Majesty, that instead of being utterly
destroyed by these violent rebels, who reckoned all their
own; their invincible army (as they esteem’d it) was so
bruis’d and shattered, that, instead of further pursuing
the King, it retreated eight miles backwards, where the
soldiers secured themselves many days by the advantage
of the river Avon, under the protection of the town and
castle of Warwick. To the end thereof that -their (the
rebels) party might not be disheartened, they always took
care not only to suppress any bad tidings, but to puff up
the people with strange imaginations of victories and con-
quests, by producing forged letters, counterfeit messengers,
and the like, as was manifest by their committment (25
Oct.) of sundry persons to prison, which came from Kineton
Battel, and reported the very truth of the King’s success
there, viz., Captain Wilson, Lieutenant Witney, and Mr.
22
Banks, who were all sent to the Gatehouse to receive
punishment. As also (29 Oct.) one Mr. John Wentworth,
of Lincolns Inn, and (1 Noy.) Sir William Fielding Knight,
giving (25 Oct.) twenty pounds to one man by order of the
House, who came and reported that most that were killed
in the battel were of the King’s side; and that the Earl
of Essex commanded him to tell his friends that he with
his own hands carried away the King’s standard. But to
undeceive the world as to the number on both sides slain
(which were then confidently given out to be five thousan¢,)
most certain it is, that, upon strict enquiry from the
adjacent inhabitants who buried the bodies and took par-
ticular notice of the distinct number put into each grave,
it appears that there were not one thousand complete there
interred. As the remaining part of the Parliament army
after this battel finding not themselves in a condition to
encounter the King again without new recruits, and there-
fore made a fair retreat no less than eight miles backwards
(as hath been observed), so did some of them before the
fight standing doubtful of the success, forbear to adventure
themselves therein ; amongst which the after famous Oliver
Cromwell was one (if some of the most eminent persons
of his own party who were in the fight bely him not), who
being Captain of a troop of horse in the General’s Regi-
ment, came not into the field, but got up into a steeple
within view of the battel, and there discerning by a
prospective glass the two wings of their horse to be utterly
routed, made such haste to be gone that, instead of
descending the stairs by which he came up, he swing’d
down by a bell rope, and ran away with his troop.” I
need hardly say that this story of Oliver Cromwell may
be considered as altogether apocryphal. The church
steeple is said to be that of Burton Dassett church. The
re-taking of the Royal Standard by Captain John Smith,
a native of Skilts, in this county, and of one of whose
former exploits I gave an account in my last paper, is
particularised at length in that scarce work, on the life of
this worthy, I adverted to before. From this I give an
excerpt. At Keinton Captain Smith’s troop at that time
being in the Lord Grandison’s Regiment, was drawn up
in the left wing of the King’s army. After several charges
there were no more left than himself and one Chickly, a
groom of the Duke of Richmond, the rest of his troop
following the pillage of the routed rebels. ‘As these
two,” so says the historian, ‘were passing on towar’~ ov™
28
army, this mirror of chivalry espied six men (three cuiras-
siers and three arquebusiers) on horseback, guarding a
seventh on foot, who was carrying off the field a colour
rolled wp, which he conceived to be one of the ordinary
colours of his Majesty’s Life Guards, and therefore, seeing
them so strong, intended to avoid them; whilst he was
thus considering, a boy on horseback calls to him, saying,
‘Captain Smith, Captain Smith, they are carrying away
the Standard!’ He would not suddenly believe the boy,
till by great asseverations he had assured him it was the
Standard ; who forthwith said, ‘They shall have me with
it if they carry it away,’ and desiring Chickley if he saw
him much engaged, in with his rapier at the footman that
carried the banner (who was then secretary to Essex, the
rebels’ general), saying, ‘Traitor! deliver up the Standard,’
and wounded him in the breast. Whilst he was bent for-
ward to follow his thrust, one of those cuirassiers with a
yole-axe wounded him in the neck through the collar of
lis donblet, and the rest gave fire at him with their pistols,
but without any further hurt than blowing of some powder
into his face. No sooner was he recovered upright but he
ynade a thrust at the cuirassier that wounded him, and
run lim throngh the belly, whereupon he presently fell, at
which sight all the rest ran away. Then he caused a foot
soldier that was near at hand to reach him up the banner,
which he brought away, with the horse of that cuirassier.
Immediately comes up a great body of his Majesty’s horse,
which were rallied together, with whom he staid, delivering
the Standard to Master Robert Hatton, a gentleman of
-8ir Robert Willyes’s troop, to carry forthwith to his
Majesty. The next morning, King Charles sent for him
to the top of Edgehill, where his Majesty knighted him
for his singular valor.”’ He subsequently, with a small
party of horse, brought off three brass pieces of cannon
that stood about the left wing of the rebels’ army in the
battle. This worthy knight banneret, on the 29th of
March, 1644, was mortally wounded in an engagement at
Bramdean, near Aylesford, in Hampshire, and died the
following day at Andover, and on the first of April his
body was interred with military honours in the south-east
corner of the chapel on the south side of the choir in
Oxford Cathedral. There is one singular occurrence con-
nected with this battle, which ought to be noticed. On
the extreme north-western point of the Burton Dassett
ills, which project into the vale of Kineton, was and still
24
is an ancient Beacon Tower, a structure of the 15th
century, and now perhaps unique of its kind. It is of
stone, circular in its form, 62 feet in girth at the base, and
15 feet in height to the top of the parapet, rising from
within which is a conical roof formed entirely of stone.
Now the Parliament had given orders for firing the nearest
beacon whenever the Earl of Essex might overtake the
King. The smoke by day and the light by night was to
be the signal which the country people on the heights up
to London were by proclamation directed to repeat. On
Sunday night, after the battle had ceased, a party of the
Parliamentarian troops ascended the Beacon hill at Burton
Dassett and fired the beacon, and a tradition is preserved
that some shepherds on a part of the high ridge over
Ivinghoe, on the borders of Buckinghamshire and Hert-
fordshire, forty miles in a direct line from Edgehill, saw
a twinkling light to the north-westward, and upon ¢om-
munication with their minister, one of the Presbyterian
party and in the phrase of the times denominated ‘‘a godly
and well affected person,”’ fired the beacon there also, which
was seen at Harrow-on-the-Hill, and thence the intelli-
gence was at once carried to London. Another anecdote
or two respecting the battle will bring my paper to a
conclusion. The battle commenced on a Sunday after-
noon, when the villagers of Tysoe and Oxhill were in
church. At one of these villages the clerk, on hearing
the report of the first cannon, exclaimed, with an expletive
which I need not repeat, ‘‘ They’re at it!’’ and rushed out
of the church, followed by the congregation. At the other
village a tailor ran off towards the field of battle to see,
as he said, the fun. He was evidently unacquainted with
or had forgotten that sage maxim, turned into Hudibrastic.
verse by one Butler, a Justices’ clerk—
“They who in quarrels interpose,
Will ofttimes get a bloody nose.”
and so it was in this case, the poor tailor returned home
mortally wounded, having received a sword cut from
one of the Parliamentary troopers in a vital part of his
body. An officer in the Royal army was seen ascending
the hill on a white horse, which rendered him a conspicu-
ous object at a distance. A gunner in the Parliamentarian
army aimed his field-piece at him, fired it, and the ball
struck the officer in the thigh and mortally wounded him,
and he was buried in the churchyard at Radway. Twenty- —
25
eight years after this event a monument was erected to his
memory, of. which the following account. is given by Dr.
Thomas, in his edition of “ The Antiquities of Warwick-
shire... &.,”’ published in 1730:—‘On the ground, in
the churchyard there lies the statue of a man booted, and
spurred, and in his armour, leaning his head on. his
right hand, over which, upon four pillars, there was set
a large. marble tombstone, which is now removed: into
the Chancell, and hath this inscription. upon. it :—‘ Here
lyeth ez =pecting ye second comeing of our Blessed Lord
and Saviour, Henry Kingsmill, Esq.,. second son to Sir
Henry Kingsmill, of Sidmonton, in the County of South-
ampton, Knt.; who serving as a Captain of Foot under
his . Mate, Charles the First of blessed memory, was at
the Battell of Edge Hill, in ye year of our Lord 1642,
as he was manfully fighting in behalfe of his King and
country, unhappily slain by a Cannon bullet. In Memory
of whom, his mother, the Lady Bridget Kingsmill, did
in the forty-sixth yeare of her widowhood, in the year
of our Lord 1670, erect this monument.” I have fought a
good fight, I have finished my course, henceforth is
laid up for me a crown of righteousness.’ No portion
of this monument is now existing in the Churchyard at
Radway, but in the Church is, or was a few years ago,
preserved the interesting reclining but mutilated effigy,
for the helmet,legs, feet, and left hand are gone, exhibiting
the Royalist as attired in trunk hose, a buff coat, a scarf
crossing from the right shoulder to the left thigh, and
a loose falling cravat about the neck. The latter shews
the change in fashion between 1642 and 1670, and the
sculptor has taken his notion of military costume from
that existing at the time this monument was erected
rather than that of the time when the cannon bullet
proved fatal. I need hardly add that this effigy, though
mutilated, and of a comparatively late period, is, in
my opinion, one of the most interestizg in this. county.
As such, I have had it drawn and engraved by a competent
artist. I have endeavoured to take a chronological view
of affairs, and there is still enough matter, subsequent
to this battle, relative to the civil wars in this county
to form a subsequent paper. The so-called battle of
Birmingham, the attacks on Compton House and Aston
_ Hall, the fortification and arming of the Castles of Warwick
and Tamworth and the principal mansion houses, in this
county, the movement of troops, the names of those of
26
the nobility and gentry of this county who, on the one
side or the other, took a conspicuous part in these
troublous times, of those who as Royalists had to com-
pound for their estates, and of the flight of Charles the
Second in disguise through this county after the fight at
Worcester in 1651. Then of the restoration, the reaction,
the demolition of the walls of Coventry, and the St.
Bartholomew’s Act of 1662, which latter, though stigma-
tised by some as harsh and savouring of intolerance, hasbeen
by others considered as an act of retributive justice on
that party which had plundered, insulted, ejected from
their livings many of the clergy of the Church of England,
and had proscribed the Book of Common Prayer.
The Annual Winter Meeting of the WARWICKSHIRE
Naturauist’s and ArcHxotocist’s Fietp Cius was held
at the Museum, Warwick, on the 20th of February, 1868.
The President read the report of the year 1867, and
regretted his inability to prepare a special paper for the Club,
but gave a short viva voce Archzological address, in which
he especially alluded to the exploration of Palestine, now in
progress.
The Rev. P. B. Bropin, M.A., F.G.S., (Vice-President and
Hon. Sec.) then read an interesting paper, entitled “a sketch
of the Lias generally in England, and of the “Insect and
Saurian beds,” especially in the lower division in the counties
of Warwick, Worcester, and Gloucester, with a particular
account of the fossils which characterize them.
Mr. W. G. Frerton read a paper on “ Buried Coventry.”
Dr. CorFieLD afterwards gave a short viva voce account of
the Extinct Volcanoes of the Eifel.
An animated discussion took place on some of the above
papers, in which Messrs. Bloxam, Brodie, Parker, * and
Wyles took part.
A paper was also read by the Prestpent (for the Rev. W.
Johnson), on “The advantages of literary and scientific
inquiries, local museums, and local observations, and on the
aids which might be found for them.”
27
Mr. Parker referred to the loss which science had sustained
in the death of Dr. Daubeny, Professor of Botany at Oxford ;
and made some remarks on the river Moselle.
Mr. Bronte alluded to the discovery of a new reptile, the
Hyperodapedon,* in the lower Keuper at Coten End, *W: ar-
wick, two portions of jaws, with teeth, being in the Warwick
Museum, and two (one’of which shows a considerable portion
of the cranium) in Mr. Brodie’s collection. The others be-
long to Dr. Lloyd. They are of special interest, because they
determine the age of the long-disputed Elgin sandstone in
Scotland, which, having been supposed to belong to the Old
Red Sandstone, must now be placed higher up. in the New
Red. These were determined by Professor Huxley, who has
also obtained a fine series of remains of the same animal from
Africa, India, and Scotland, and have been described by him
in the last number of the J ournal of the Geological Society.
The Club held their first summer meeting on Tuesday,
May 26th, 1868, at Coventry. The object of the visit was
to inspect the many and interesting medizval remains for
which this city is so famous. .The ancient Manor House of
Cheylesmore, where Edward the Black Prince occasionally
resided; the great Park hollow, scene of the martyrdoms
under the Marian and previous persecutions; the city wall;
St. Mary’s hall; and the spot where the Cathedral once
stood were successively visited.
Mr. W. OpELL gave an account of the discovery of the
remains of the west end, and the result of the excavations
made at different times in the neighbourhood.
An interesting address on the History and Antiquities of
the City was afterwards “delivered by Mr. Parker, in which
the most notable features were the account of the founding of
the Priory by Lady Godiva, and a critical examination of
the legendary story of her ride through the city, which he
* They belong to one species, ‘Hyperodapedon Gordoni,’ Huxley,
28
showed, from good authority, to be fabulous; the erection of
St. Michael’s, and the walls of the city. ene
The.summer meeting was held at Oxford, on June 24th,
1868.
The Club was greatly indebted to Mr. Parker and Professor
Phillips for their kind hospitality and the service they ren-
dered in guiding them to the most interesting localities,
and explaining the various sections en route. This made
their visit to Oxford particularly agreeable and instructive,
and one long to be remembered in the annals of the Club.
The last meeting was held at Harbury, on August 28th,
1868. The members carefully examined the fine and instruc-
tive Lias section on the line of railway, the details ot which
were pointed out by the Rev. P. B. Brodie, and asa full
account has already been given by him in a former number
of the proceedings, no further details need be added here. It
affords an instructive ascending section from the red marl
(N. R. 8.) to the Lima beds, the white lias intervening,
which the members traced up and obtained several of the
characteristic fossils, the local Pecten Pradoanus being the
most remarkable, a shell hitherto only noticed in the Lias in
Spain.
29
Additions to the Museum andy Library,
GEOLOGY... a
DONATIONS.
Tlenus perovalis, Lower Llandeilo flags, Rilton,
Castle, Shropshire.
Piece of Red Chalk, Hunstanton. sigs by
Sarcinula Phillipsii, Mountain Lime, Corwen, Wales. Pp. fe Feoiiie:
Cyathophyllum paracida, ditto, ditto.
Group of Ogygia Buchii, Llandeilo flags, Llandeilo.
Conglomerate of Gravel, (Mother Stones), from Henley-in-Arden,
Presented by G. R. Dartnell, Esq.
Spines of Cidaris, “Guinea” Bed, from Stretton-on-Dunsmore.
Presented by R. F. Tomes, Esq. ;
Ammonites Rotiformis, from Stockton. Presented by J.-W. Kirshaw,
Esq. ,
LIBRARY.
DONATIONS.
Copy of Speed’s Map of Warwickshire, 1610. Presented by J. W.
Kirshaw, Esq. ac
Catalogue of the Collection of Works of Art and Vertu, formed by the
late Mr. Charles Redfern, of Warwick. Presented by the Executors
of the late Mr. Redfern. —
MISCELLANEODS.
DONATIONS. | .
Male and Female “Sarcoramphus Conder.” Presented by Dr.O’Callaghan
LL.D.
Skull of the “Bor Longipues,” and the “'Lusscrofa,”. from the Drift,
near Alcester. Presented by R..F. Tomes, Esq.
Green Lizard, from South of Europe. Presented by Dr. O’ Callaghan,
LL.D.
30
Two Parakeets from Australia: Ios Swainsoni, Eos, Peunanti.
Presented by a Lady, from Mr. Aspa, through the hands of Dr-
O'Callaghan, LL.D.
Casts (1) Babylonian Cylinder, c. 2050 B.C:
(2) Pheenectian Inscription (original in British Museum).
Presented by C. D. Greenway, Esq.
Roman Sepulchral Urn, found at Snitterfield. Presented by Mr.
Callaway.
Stag Horn, from Drift at Chadbury. Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq.
Eight Horses’ Teeth, found in digging the foundation of a new House
at Welcombe, near Stratford-on-Avon. Presented by Mr. Callaway.
LIBRARY. e
PURCHASES.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 2and3. 4th series.
Camden Society’s Publications :—
No. 96. Sir Kenelm Digby's Voyage, 1628.
No. 97. Dingley’s History from Marble. Part II.
No. 98. Relations between England and Germany, 1619—20.
Manningham’s Diary.
Dugdale’s Antiquities of Warwickshire, in 2 vols., 1780. Revised by
William Thomas, D.D,
Lyell’s Principles of Geology. Vol. 1 and 2.
Murchison’s Siluria, fourth edition.
Geological Magazine, 47 to 58.
Palzontographical Society’s Publications .—
Vol, 22.—Supplement to the Fossil Corals. Part II, No. 1. Cretaceous.
Fossil Merostomata. Part II. Pterygotus.
Fossil Brachiopoda. Part VII, No. 3. Silurian.
Belemnitid = Part IV. Liassic and Oolitic Belemnites.
Reptilia of the Kimmeridge Clay. No. III.
Pleistocene Mammalia. Part IIT.
Popular Science Review. Part 29 to 32.
Ray Soeiety’s. Publications :—.
The Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown, Esq,
D.C.L., F.R.S., &c. Vol. ITI... Atlas of Plates.
Vegetable Teratology. _Mr..T.\ Masters.
8 &L PSTF : & 8. Shr
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G GT FOTF 00T vteeeesess gunosoy Arpaqry
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32
OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY,
1869-70.
PATRON.
Tae Ricut Honovrast:; THE Hart or Warwick.
PRESIDENT.
Epwarp Greaves, Ese., M.P.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
Tue Ricot HonovrasLe THE Hart or AYLESFORD.
Cuartes Houte Bracesrivez, Esa.
Water Henry Bracesrinvce, Esa.
Tae Ricut Honovraste Lorp Dormer.
James DuGpates, Esa.
Tue Ricgut HonovraBLe THE Hart or CAMPERDOWN.
Ricuarp Greaves, Esa.
James Cove Jones, Eso., F.8.A., M.N.S.
Tre Ricut Honovnaste Lorp Lerten, F.Z.8.
Grorcz Luoyp, Ese., M.D., F.G.S.
Sir Georce Ricuarp Pars, Barr.
Marx Pumps, Esa.
Evetyn Pamir Surrey, Esq., F.S.A.
Joun Sraunton, Esa.
Tre Ricut Honovraste Lorp Witiovessy DE Broke.
Henry CuristopHerR Wisk, Esq., M.P.
HONORARY SECRETARIES.
Tue Rev. Perer Bextuincer Bropm, M.A., F.G.S.
Joun Wittiam Kirsuaw, F.G.S.
33
HONORARY CURATORS:
Geology und Mineralogy.
The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S. | JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esgq., M.D., F.G.S R. F. TOMES, Esq., F.Z.S.
WILLIAM VAUGHAN RUSSELL, Ese., F.G.S,
otany.
FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esg., F.B.8,E.
Zoology.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esqa., M.D., F.G.S. _ | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esq., F.Z.S»
The REV, HENRY J. TORRE, B.A.
Gntomology,
REV. W. BREE. | J. 8. BALY, Esq, F.L.S.
Archivologn.
MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esa | JOHN FETHERSTON, Jun., Esq ,F.S A,
P. O'CALLAGHAN, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A-
Pibrary.
CHARLES DURNFORD GREENWAY, Esa.
AWD): EO R:
KELYNGE GREENWAY, Ese.
COUNCIL.
The PATRON THOMAS COTTON. Esq.
The PRESIDENT MAJOR GENERAL JOHN H. FREER.
The VICE-PRESIDENTS The REV. PHILIP S. HARRIS.
The HONORARY SECRETARIES THOMAS LLOYD, Esq,
The HONORARY CURATORS W.H. PARSEY, Esq., M.D.
The TREASURER JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS. Esq.
The AUDITOR THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES. Esq.
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. THOMAS THOMSON, Esge., M.D.
The REV. WILLIAM BREE, JOHN TIBBITS, Esq., MD.
34
LIST OF MEMBERS,
1869.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Tue Rey. Apam Sepewror, B.D., F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.S.,
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of
Cambridge, dc.
Rossert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.SS. L. & E., F.R.C.P.E.
F.L.S., F.G.8., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy
and Zoology at the University College, London, éc.,
Grafton Place, Huston Square, London.
Joun Pumps, Esg., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.8., Professor of
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University of
Oxford, déc., Oxford:
Ligutrenant - Coronet Wituiam Henry Syxus, M. P.,
F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.S., &., 47, Albion Street, Hyde
Park, London.
Samurt Brrou, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Keeper of Oriental
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of the
Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin,
Gottingen, Herculaneum, dc., &c.
Ausert Way, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British
Archaeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the *‘ Comité des
Arts et Monuments, Wonham near Reigate, Surrey.
Grorer Luoyvp, Esa., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham Heath.
Wituram Bintey Droxinson, Eso., M.N.S., Leamington,
35
MEMBERS.
THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS.
The Right Honourable Earl of Aylesford, Packington
Hall, Vice-President.
W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington.
Henry Baly, Esq., M.P.8.; Warwick.
J. 8. Baly, Esq., F.L.8., Warwick.
Richard Barnett, Hsq., Coten End, Warwick.
William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington.
Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator.
*Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice-
President.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sher-
bourne, Vice-President.
The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Rowington,
Hon. Secretary and Hon. Curator.
_ John Coulson Bull, Esq., Leamington.
Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick. °
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Harl Brooke
and Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron.
William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Charles Marriott Caldecott, Hsq., Holbrooke Grange, near
Rugby.
P. O'Callaghan, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.8.A., Leamington,
Member of Council.
Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick.
Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick.
Thomas Cotton, Hsq., Park-field House, Kenilworth,
Member of Council.
Thomas Bellamy Dale, Esq., Warwick.
The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord
Dormer, Grove Park, Vice-President.
36
‘The Right Honourable the Earl of Camperdown, Vice-
President.
James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Vice-President.
John Fetherston, Junr., Esq., F.S.A., Packwood House,
Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator.
Major-General John Harbidge Freer, Kenilworth, Member
of Council.
Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill.
*Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P., Avonside, Barford, Vice-
President and Treasurer.
Richard Greaves, Esq., Cliff House, Warwick, Vice-
President.
Miss Greenway, Warwick.
Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Charles Durnford Greenway, Esq., Hon. Curator.
The Rey. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road,
Leamington.
Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury,
London, W.C.
Sir Robert N.C. Hamilton, Bart., K.C.B., Avon Cliff,
Stratford-upon-Avon.
The Rev. Philip 8. Harris, Leicester Hospital, Warwick,
Member of Council.
The Rey. 8. C. Hamerton, Northgate, Warwick.
Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick.
Richard Child Heath, Esq., Warwick.
William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon.
Richard Hosken, Esq., Leamington.
The Rev. Thomas Jackson, Hatton.
James Cove Jones, Hsq., F.S.A., M.N.§., Loxley House,
Vice-President.
A. Keene, Esq., Eastnor House, Leamington.
F. E. Kitchener, Esq., Rugby, F.L.S.
Miss Kimberly,} Warwick.
37
John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary
and Hon. Curator.
Thomas Lloyd, Esq., the Priory, Warwick, Member of
Council.
The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord Leigh,
F.Z.S., Stoneleigh Abbey, Vice-President.
The Rev. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy.
Mr. James Mallory, Werwick.
John Moore, Esq., Warwick.
George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick.
Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick.
The Rey. Chalres Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton.
William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton, Member of
Council.
Arthur Wellesley Peel, Esq., M.P., Sandy, Bedfordshire.
The Rev. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New
Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C.
Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President.
Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-
President.
The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., Beauchamp Terrace Kast,
Leamington.
Josiah Yeomans Robins, Esq., Myton, Member of Council.
The Rey. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth.
William Vaughan Russell, Hsq., F.C.S., Leamington,
Hon. Curator.
Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., No. 16, Dale Street,
Leamington, Member of Council.
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F.S.A., Eatington Park,
near Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President.
William Smith, Esq., Warwick
John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council.
Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 8, Clarence Terrace,
Leamington, Vice-President.
38
John Tibbits, Esq., M.D., Warwick, Member of Council.
Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Welford, near Strat-
ford-on-Avon, Hon. Curator.
The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator.
Frederick Townsend, Eisq., M.A., F.B.S.H., Oakfield,
Leamington, Hon. Curator.
William Walker, Esq., Warwick.
James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford-
upon-Avon.
*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bed-
worth.
The Right Honourable Henry Verney, Lord Willoughby-
de Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President.
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek
Wootton, Vice-President.
J. Wimbridge, Esq., Warwick.
Sir Trevor Wheler, Bart., Leamington.
Edward Wood, Esq.. Newbold Hall, Rugby.
The Rey. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash.
389
Vist of Patrons and Presidents.
1836—1853
1853—1870
1836—1837
1837—1838
1838—1839
1839—1840
184£0—1841
1841—1842
1842—1843
1843—1844
1844—1845
1845—1846
1846—1847
1847—1848
1848—1849
1849—1850
1850—1851
1851—1852
1852—1853
1853—1854
1854—1855
1855—1856
1856—1857
1857—1858
1858—1859
1859—1860
1860—1861
1861—1862
1862—1863
1863—1864
1864—1865
1865—1866
1866—1867
1867—1868
1868—1869
1869—1870
From 1836 to 1870.
PATRONS.
The Right Honourable Henry Richard Greville, Earl
Brooke and Earl of Warwick, K.T., LL.D.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl
Brooke and Earl of Warwick.
PRESIDENTS.
Chandos Leigh, Esq., F.ELS.
Sir John Mordaunt, Bart., M.P.
Sir John Eardley Eardley Wilmot, Bart., M.P., F.R.S.
William Holbeche, Esq., F.G.3.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Lord
Brooke.
Charles Holte Bracebridge, Esq.
William Staunton, Esq.
Sir Francis Lawley, Bart., F.H.S., F.Z.S.
Sir Gray Skipwith, Bart.
Sir John Robert Cave Browne Cave, Bart.
The Most Honourable Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton,
Marquess of Northampton, D.C.L., Preswent R.S.,
F.S.A., Hon. M.R.1.A., F.G.S.
Evelyn John Shirley, Hsq., M.P.
The Honourable William Henry Leigh.
Sir Theophilus Biddulph, Bart.
Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq.
Mark Philips, Esq.
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq.
John Staunton, Esq.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq.
Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq.
The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord
Leigh, F.Z.S.
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq.
The Rey. Vaughan Thomas, B.D.
Sir George Richard Philips, Bart.
Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P.
Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P.
John Staunton, Esq.
John Staunton, Esq.
Richard Greaves, Esq.
Richard Greaves, Esq.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S.
James Dugdale, Esq.
James Dugdale, Esq.
40
The Meetings of the Council are held on the First
Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January,
and the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Easter week.
The Musevm is open daily to the Members and their
Friends from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Eleven
o’clock to Four between the First of November and the
last day of February.
Non-Subscribers are admitted on payment of an
admission fee of sixpence each.
The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on
Mondays and Tuesdays.
The Annual Subscriptions for 1869 are due on the 24th
day of May; and the Council request that the Subscribers
will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at the Bank
of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, Warwick;
or to Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of
Subscriptions, Leicester Street, Leamington.
PERRY, PRINTER, NEW STREET, WARWICE.
hi rae
boise Joye
‘a.
WARWICKSHIRE
-||NATURAL HISTORY
AND
“|| Breheological Society.
—_»—___.
WARWICKSHIRE
NATURAL HISTORY
ARCHROLOGICAL SOCIETY,
ESTABLISHED MAY 24rn, 1836.
THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS,
READ AT THE
ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 22nd, 1870.
In presenting the annual a, Council congratu-
Jate the Members on ‘the continued prosperity of the
Society.
Some valuable additions have been made to the Museum
and Library, by donation and purchase, during the past
year. ‘
The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arrang-
ing a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and
some of the new cases are already nearly filled, anda
small but judicious annual outlay in specimens and
cabinets, when required, with the aid also of friendly
donations, will soon make the entire Geological collection
most valuable and instructive, and one of the best out of
London. At present the collections of Natural History
and Geology form a good educational medium for all
classes, and it is of the utmost importance to maintain
and increase its efficiency. »
2
The fine example of the ‘“‘ Megacerous ’—‘‘ Fossil deer
of Ireland,’’ from Lough Gur, near Limerick, which was
presented to the Society by the late Richard Greaves,
Esq., is now placed in the Geological room of the Museum.
Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a
collection properly, and for the same reason it is much
less profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes
of general instruction.
Though some of the desiderata have been filled up,
there are several formations which are still very defective,
amongst which may be enumerated the following :—The
Focene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce,
Headon hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. London
Clay Fossils from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and Lower
Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower Silurian
will be very acceptable. The aid of the members is particu-
larly requested in procuring fossils from the County,
especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian, as it
should be the chief aim of all local Museums to have as fine
a suite as possible from the strata which occur in the
immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out.
ARCHAOLOGY.
The Roman Coffin, found in the excavation for the rail-
way near Alcester, which was purchased for the Society,
has been set up at the entramce-door of the Museum.
BRITISH MAMMALIA.
Although no addition has been made to the British
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the
3
collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assistance
in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which migrate,
and which therefore in some species can only be obtained
as stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and though some,
are rarer than others, all may be obtained with tolerable
certainty, by those residing in such parts of the country as
they are known to inhabit. With the exception of the
marine species, such as the Whales and Porpoises, there
are none which might not take their place in our collection
of British fere. We have already some of the largest of the
land animals, as the Red Deer and Roebuck, both presented
by Edward Greaves, Esq. A mounted specimen of the
Fallow Deer, and of the two kinds of Martin, i.e. the
yellow breasted and the white breasted Martin, would go
far towards the completion of the terrestrial Mammalia of
Great Britain. We earnestly hope that some friends to
this Institution will kindly furnish one or other of these
desiderata. Of the smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and
Bats, a few kinds are wanting, but these the Curators
believe they shall before long be able to supply.
ENTOMOLOGY.
The Entomological collection is in the course of arrange-
ment in the New Cabinet, the Aculeate Hymenoptera,
occupying nine drawers, are already arranged, and it is
proposed shortly to commence on the Coleoptera.
The majority of scientific Hntomologists residing in or
near London, have confined their researches principally to
the Metropolitan district or to the Southern counties of
England ; consequently the Midland counties present an
almost unworked field, which must contain very many
interesting novelties.
Warwickshire from its high state of cultivation has but
few waste spots, on which Insects usually abound, but its
£
varied soil and numerous woods will doubtless yield great
results to the efforts of a zealous collector. Those of our
members living in the country are earnestly solicited to
preserve and forward to our Curators any specimens that
may fall in their way. Lepidoptera may be captured im
pill-boxes and Killed by means of a few drops of Chloroform.
Coleoptera and other orders should be put into a bottle in
which has been previously placed a small quantity of
bruised laurel leaves, the prussic acid contained in the
leaves not only very quickly killing the Insects but also
preserving them fresh, and in a state for setting for a
considerable length of time.
ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
When the repairs of the Museum were brought to a close,
the room containing the collection underwent a thorough
cleaning, and the specimens were taken out, examined,
carefully cleaned, and returned to the cases. The windows
of the rooms, the approaches to which were awkwardly
blocked up with cases, were relieved of their obstructions,
the specimens which were in these cases being transported
to their proper places in the series to which they respectively
belonged. But the most important change which has been
made in this department, is the separation of the British
from the Exotic species. Im nearly all the extensive
Natural History Museums in Europe the native species
are now fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately
been the case in our National Museum, and whereas the
observer had before this change to seek laboriously through
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated
specimens which had formed the collection of some
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel
Montague,—he may now see them all placed side by side
in the gallery devoted. to British Zoology. And. with them
5)
he may also see ranged: the gems from the collection of the
late Mr. Yarrell. The advantage of such an arrangement
is obvious.
Tt has been observed, with great truth, ‘that you cannot
vie with the larger Museums in a general collection, but
you may excel them if you confine yourselves to a purely
local collection.” Fully agreeing with this opinion, the
Hon. Curators, while enlarging the collection of British
Birds, purpose to do so, as much as possible, by means: of
specimens obtained in Warwickshire, or the contigious
Counties. They offer these remarks in the hope that the
friends of the Institution will assist them in carrying out
their views, by donation of some of the species forming
the following list of desiderata :—
Order 1, Accipitress, Linn.
Egyptian Vulture .. .. .. Neophron Percnopterus (Linn.)
Griffon Vulture .. «. Gyps fulvus (Gmel.)
Rough-legged Buzzard . -. Archibuteo Lagopus (Briin.)
Spotted Eagle.. .. «+. «+ Aquila nevia (Gmel.) Mey
Jer-falcon’. we » «se «+ Falco Gyrfalco, Linn.
Red-footed Falcon . we ee =e ~Linnunculus vespertinus (Linn.)
Swallow-tailed Kite... .. .. Nauclerus fercatus (Linn.) Vigors.
Goshawk .. .. «. «.- «. Astur palumbarius (Linn.) Bechst.
Montagu’s Harrier.. .. .. Circus cinérascens (Mont.)
Hawk Owl -. Surnia ulula (Linn.) Bonap,
Snowy Owl [British specimen] Nyctea nivea (Thunb.)
Little Owl.. .. .. Athene noctua (Retz.)
Great-eared Owl [female] .. Bubo maximus, Sibb.
Tengmalm’s Owl .. .. «. Nyctale Tengmalmi (Gmel.) Strickl.
Order 2. Passeres, Ouv.
Alpine Swift .. .. «. «. Cypselus’ Melba, Linn.
Roller. +» Goracias garrula, Linn.
Bee-eater [British specimen]. . Merops Apiaster (Linn:);
Dartford Warbler .. «. «. Sylvia undata (Bodd.)
Garden Warbler [female] .. Sylvia hortensis (Penn,)
Fire-crested Regulus «. «« Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm,
Plain-crowned Kinglet .. «. Regulus proregulus (Pall.)
Black Redstart [Brit. pend Ruticilla tithys (Scop.)
Blue-throated Warbler .. Cyanecula, suecica, Linn.
Alpine Accentor .. «+ «. Accentor alpinus, Gmel. Bechst,
Crested Tit .. .. «« «. Parus cristatus, Linn.
White Wagtail.. .. -. .. Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.]
Grey-headed Wagtail, .. Motacilla fiqva, Linn,
dock Wipitys ssl bgea
Richard’s Pipit.. .. ..
White’s Thrush .. ..
Rock Thrush .. ..
Golden Oriole . 2
Golden-vented Thrush
Gt. Ash-coloured Shrike Ag
Woodchat Shrike .. ..
Nutcracker ..
Rose-colored Ouzel[ Brit. spec. j
Red-winged Starling
Mountain Linnet °
Cirl Bunting riGebrat
Ortolan Bunting .. ..
Lapland Bunting .. .
Short-toed Lark .. ..
Crested Lark .. .. ..
Shore Lark Be
Parrot Cross-bill ..
White-winged Cross- bill. .
.
Order 8.
- Coccyzus americanus (Linn.)
American Cuckoo ..
Great spotted Cuckoo
Rock Dove .. .. ..
Passenger Pigeon .. ..
Order 5,
Barbary Partridge .. ..
Andalusian Hemipode ..
Virginian Colin .. ..
Order 6,
Great Buzzard... .. «-
Little Buzzard... .. ..
Order 7.
. Gdicnemus crepitans, Temm.
. Cursorius gallicus (Gmel.)
. Charadrius Cantianus, Lath.
- Grus cinerea, Bechst.
. Ardea alba, Gmel.
Great Plover ..
Cream-coloured Courser..
Kentish Plover.. .. «.
Crane - en? tea
Great White Heron af
Egret [British specimen]
Squacco Heron ares ae
Buffed-backed Heron ..
American Bittern .. ..
Spoon-bill.. .. .. «
White Stork .. .. .«.
Black Stork .. .. ..
6
. Anthus spinoletia (Linn.)
“ Anthus Richardi (Vieill.)
. Turdus varius, Horsf.
ee
eo.
. Turdus saxatilis, Linn.
Oriolus Galbula, Linn.
Pycnonotus aurigaster (Vieill.)
Lanius Exicubitor, Linn,
. Enneoctonus refus (Briss.)
. Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linn.) Briss.
Pastor roseus (Linn.) Temm.
. Agelaius pheniceus (Linn.) Vieill.
. Fringilla flavirostris, Linn,
Emberiza Cirlus, Linn.
Emberiza hortulana, Linn.
. Plectrophanes lapponicus (Linn.) Selb,
.. Alauda brachydactyla, Temm.
. Alauda cristata, Linn.
. Octocoris alpestris (Linn.)
.. Loxia pityopsittacus, Bechst.
. Lowia leucoptera, Gmel.
Scansores, Ill,
‘ - Oxylophus glandarius (Linn.)
Order 4,
Columb, Lath. :
- Columba Livia, Briss.
. Ectopistes migratorius (Linn.) Swains.
oe
Galline, Linn.
Caccabis petrosa (Lath.)
Turnix gibraltaricus (Gmel.) Gould.
Ortyx virginianus (Linn.) Gray.
Struthiones, Lath.
Otis trada, Linn:
Otis tetrax, Linn.
Gralle, Linn.
Ardea Gazetta, Linn.
. Ardea Comata, Pall.
. Ardea Coromanda, Bodd.
. Batayrus lentiginosus, Mont.
. Platalea leucorodia, Linn.
. Ciconia alba, Briss:
. Ciconia nigra, Bechst.
Dh ee, Oe
©
Spotted Redshank .. ..
Wood Sandpiper
Avocet .. .- o-
Black-winged Stilt .. ..
Buff-breasted Sandpiper...
Broad-billed Sandpiper ..
Schintz’s Sandpiper ..
Pectoral Sandpiper.. ..
Brown Snipe .. .. «.
Sabine’s Snipe.. .. ..
Red-necked Phalarop
Ballion’s Crake .. ..
Little Crake .. ..
Order 8.
Spur-winged Goose.. ..
Common Wild Goose ..
White-fronted Goose ..
Pink-footed Goose .. ..
Bernicle Goose ve
Red-breasted Goose.. ..
Polish Swan .. .. «.
Whistling Swan .. ..
Bewick’s Swan... .. «.
American Swan... ..
Ruddy Shieldrake .. ..
American Wigeon .. ..
Bimaculated Duck ..
Gadwall
Red-crested Whistling Duck.
Scaup Pochard ELL Sete
Ferruginous Duck .. ..
Harlequin Garrot .. ...
Long-tailed Hareld... ...
Steller’s Western Duck ...
King Duck... we we
Surf Scoter ... .. os
Red-breasted Merganser
Hooded Merganser...
Red-necked Grebe ws. os
Sclavonian Grebe ... ...
Great Auk... ... see ove
Manx Shearwater.... ...
Cinereous Shearwater ...
Wilson’s Petrel .. «.
Forked-tailed Petrel ...
Bulwer’s Petrel .. «.
Buffon’s Squa ... se ave
Common Squares oe oe
Glaucous Gull... ... os
Teeland Gull ... ... os
Little Gull Rcepeete pitece
Sabine’s Gull ... ease
TvoryGull... 1... we ase
7
. Totanus stagnalis, Bechst.
. Totanus Glareola (Linn.) Temm.
. Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn.
. Himantosus Candidus, Bonn.
. Tringa refescens, Vieill.
. Tringa platyrhyncha, Temm,
. Tringa Schinzii, Brehm.
. Tringa pectoralis, Say.
Macroramphus griseus (Gmel.) Leach.
Gallinago Sabini, Vigors.
. Phalarophus hyperboreus (Linn.) Cuvier.
. Ortygometra pygme, Naum.
Ortygometra minuta, Pall.
Anseres, Linn.
. Plectopterus gambensis (Linn.) Steph.
Anser ferus, Gesn.
. Anser erythropus (Linn.) Flem.
- Anser Brachyrhynchus, Baill.
- Bernicla leucopsis (Bechst.)
-- Bernicla ruficollis (Pall.) Steph.
- Cygnus immutadilis, Yarrell.
Cygnus ferus, Ray.
Cygnus minor, Pall.
Cygnus americanus, Sharpeless.
Casarka rutila, Pall.
- Mareca americana (Gmel.) Steph.
- Querquedula bimaculata, Penn.
Chaulelasmus strepera, Linn.
Branta rufina (Pall.) Boie.
Fuligula Marila (Linn.) Steph.
- Nyroca leucophthalma (Bechst.) Flem.
- Glangula histrionica (Linn.) Steph.
-- Harelda glacialis (Linn.) Leach.
-- Einiconetta Stelleri, Pall.
Somateria spectabilis (Linn.) Steph.
- Oidemia perspicillata (Linn.) Steph.
- Mergus Serrator, Linn.
Mergus cucullatus, Linn.
- Prodiceps grisegena (Bodd.) Lath.
Prodiceps Cornutus (Gmel.) Lath.
- Alca impennis, Linn.
- Pufinus Anglorum, Ray.
- Pufinus cinereus, Gmel.
- Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl.
«- Thalassidroma Leachii, Temm.
. Thalassidroma Bulweri (J. & 8.) Gould,
. Stercorarius cephus, Brin.
. Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn,
- Laurus glaucus, Briin.
- Laurus leucopterus, Faber.
.
.
Laurus minutus, Pall.
- Xema Sabini, Leach.
Pagophila eburnea (Gmel.) Kaup.
8
Caspian Tern ... «2 «+ «6 Sterna caspia, Pall.
Gulled Lilled Tern... ... ... Sterna anglica, Mont.
Sandwith Tern see eee wee Sterna cantica, Gml.
Roseate Tern ... . Sterna paradisea, Briin.
White-winged Biack "Tors ase ~ Hydrocheidon nigra, Linn.
Black Noddy .. .. «: .. Anéus stolidus (Linn.) Catesby.
BOTANY.
The Council report, with much pleasure, that sufficient
money has been raised to purchase the valuable Herbariwm
collected by the late Mr. Perry, and the thanks of the
Society are due to those friends who have presented it
to the Museum. Through the exertions of the Rev. C. F.
Thorneville, lately resident for a short time in Warwick,
the Collection has been carefully examined, a report drawn
up on the condition of the specimens, and a list made out
of the desiderata. The Council have now under con-
sideration the best mode of arranging the Herbarium, and
of rendering its contents available for the use of such
Botanical students as may wish to consult it.
LIBRARY.
An opportunity occurred to purchase a very good copy
ofthe second Edition of Dugdale’s Antiquities of Warwickshire,
by Dr. Thomas, of which the Council availed themselves,
considering that it was very desirable to have it in the
Library for reference.
A Catalogue of Books in the Library has been made, to
the 31st December, 1867, and a copy was sent to each
Member. :
The Council will be glad to receive presents of any works
of Local interest, for the Library.
Any member wishing to take a Book from the Library,
is particularly requested to see that an entry is made in the
book kept for that purpose, which is on the Library table.
The date must also be entered when the book is returned.
9
Before Members are allowed to take Books out of the
Library, a deposit of ten shillings is required. Some of
the Books cannot be taken away from the Library.
The Accounts for the year have been audited, and the
General Financial Statement, to March 31st, 1870, is
appended to this report.
The Museum, now containing a valuable and well-
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and
Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not
extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is highly
creditable to the Town and County of Warwick, and
deserves a much greater amount of support than it has of
late years received. An excellent foundation has been
iaid, but much might be effected if adequate means were
placed at the disposal of the Council. Owing to the losses,
by death, of several subscribers during the past year, and
the smal] number of additional members, the funds of the
Society are in a less satisfactory condition than could be
desired. A reference to the list of subscribers will show
that only a few of the rich and influential residents in the
County belong to the Society. If the members would
solicit annual subscriptions from their friends and neigh-
bours, it is probable that a considerable addition would
be made to the funds of the Society.
10
At the Annual Meeting, after the business of the
Society was finished, and the Officers for the ensuing
year appointed, the following Paper ‘“‘On the Geology
of Warwickshire’? was read by the Rev. P. B. Bropiz,
M.A., F.G.8. :—
The Geology of the county of Warwick, though in
many respects less interesting than that of other counties,
still presents many points which are well deserving atten-
tion. In order to make it understood by general readers,
it will be desirable to consider the strata which occur in
regular (descending) order from the highest to the lowest.
A very considerable portion of this area is covered by
drift,** often local but wide spread, which belongs to the
low level and glacial drifts. The former are to be found
along the valley of the Avon, and consist of the usual
finer sands and gravels with mammalian remains. At
Warwick and Leamington this gravel contains many
liassic fossils and pieces of Permian wood, and when
the Jephson gardens were being made at the latter town,
several fine remains of elephant, rhinoceros, and other
mammalia were obtained, associated with some land and
freshwater shells. Similar mammalian remains were
found at Lawford, near Rugby, especially a fine jaw of
‘rhinoceros tichorhinus,’ now in the Warwick Museum.
There are many other places in the county where drift of
Nore.—This Paper is, as near as possible, the substance of a lecture delivered at the
Annual Meeting of the Warwickshire Natural History and Archzological Society, on
April 22nd, 1870. The Author gave the audience the choice of an extempore address
or the reading of the Paper, and the majority being in favour of the former, that
course was accordingly adopted. The lecture was illustrated by maps, sections, and
diagrams.
* At the Ford in the Parish of Rowington, there is a bed of fine red and lighter
coloured sand, averaging about thirteen feet thick, capped by a thin irregular layer of
pebbles, occupying a small area above the brook. It contains no fossils of any kind,
and may, perhaps be the equivalent of the deposit (d) referred to by Mr. Lloyd
(Proceedings of the Geological Society, No. 102, January, 1870, p. 207), as occurring
at Rugby, Leamington, and Warwick, but here there is no trace of the Boulder Clay,
though I believe the latter is present near the Asylum at Hatton.
id. *
this age occurs with similar fossils.* -Of older date than
the above, belonging probably to the glacial period, when
extreme cold prevailed over Europe generally, is a very
extensive deposit of drift, occupying a wide area over the
county, and notably N. and N.W. as far as Birmingham,
and west of Warwick. Rounded pebbles and boulders of
various sizes and diverse mineral composition, are scattered
in more or less abundance over the whole of this tract.
There are boulders of sandstone, quartz pebbles, chalk
and flints, oolites, some lias, carboniferous limestone,
pebbles of lower Silurian age, containing some remarkable
fossils identical with those which occur in similar pebbles
in the New Red Sandstone at Buddleigh Salterton in
Devonshire.+ Their presence in the Warwickshire drift
may be accounted for in this way: Probably, up to the
glacial epoch the upper New Red Marls existed in many
places in situ and were for the most part denuded by the
various oscillations and great changes of level which then
took place ; and the lower Silurian pebbles contained in it,
* I am informed by Mr. Rainbow that in a gravel pit in the parish of Tachbrook
many bones, some of them of large size, and an elephant’s tooth have been occa-
sionally found, though none of them have been preserved. The larger bones no doubt
belonged to some of the now extinct (in this country) mammalia of the period, the
tooth was in so friable a condition that it fell to pieces on exposure to the air. It is
well to note all the places in this district where such fossils occur in the drift, because
hitherto only a few have been recorded. Some specimens which he kindly sent to me
were too imperfect to be determined, except a single plate of an elephant’s tooth.
+ It should be noted here, that most of the fossils in the Buddleigh pebbles have
been determined by Mr, Davidson to belong to the Devonian, and very few to be of
older date; but the few which I have discovered in the Warwickshire drift are of
lower Silurian species, identical with the Devonshire ones A lingula, which is of a
peculiar form, which I lately found at Rowington in a quartzose pebble, he considerd
to be quite new and distinct from any he had seen from Buddleigh. In the west of
England the source of the lower Silurian pebbles seems to have been nearer, some, as
Mr. Etheridge points out, being derived from north Devon; but it is possible that
during the deposition of the Trias in Warwickshire, the same Silurian rocks may have
had a partial extension in this direction, otherwise it is difficult to account for their
origin and presence in the New Red Sandstone of this district. The fossils are very
scarce, but quartzite and sandstone siliceou’s pebbles are abundant and widely dis-
tributed. Any how, it is not easy to account for the occurrence of what appear to be
really older Silurian fossils in the drift here identical with the few species of that
“age recognised at Buddleigh Salterton,
12
were again rolled and scattered about over a more or less
limited area, and intermingled with the other materials
brought from a distance by the agency of ice. These
pebbles of course must have been deposited in the New Red
Sandstone, in the first instance at a much more ancient
period, during the formation of the upper red marls, now
almost entirely swept away, coeval with the equivalent
Triassic bed in Devonshire ; and the inference would seem
to be that this great lower Silurian formation, which is
now so largely developed in Normandy, and which has
left only a remnant in Cornwall, formerly occupied a much
larger area in the south-west, and may also have had
extensive ramifications towards the north-east. This is
only another of the numerous examples of the almost
total destruction of a once extensive formation, one of
the broken links in the chain of geological evidence, which
we often look for in vain, but which when found is of
much interest and importance. In this drift are many old
metamorphic rocks, probably derived from the north, and
is therefore usually called northern drift, but although the
fragments of the fossiliferous rocks are few, most of
them seem to have travelled from all points of the
compass, for it is reasonable to suppose that icebergs
were often borne in different directions by adverse currents.
The boulders are of all shapes, angular and rounded, the
edges being often scratched and striated, as if they had
undergone attrition by ice. It is rather remarkable that
this glacial drift, in the more central portions of the
county, contains comparatively few traces of the local
Keuper Sandstone; for, as a general rule, most drifts of
whatever age, contain a large admixture of the formation
which prevails in the neighbourhood, as at Shipston, for
example, on the southern borders of Warwickshire, where
the Lias is predominant in the drift, and near Coventry
18
where Carboniferous rocks largely prevail. The history
of the drifts generally, of whatever age, here and elsewhere
is one of considerable difficulty, and a great deal more
has yet to be done by geologists before they will be satis-
factorily explained or clearly understood. Proceeding
downwards in the geological scale, we have in this county
none of the great systems, Tertiary, Cretaceous, or Oolitic,
until we come to the Lias, which although placed by some
geologists in the lowest Oolitic or Jurassic group should
rather, perhaps, hold a position as a separate system by itself.
Whether any of the three systems above-mentioned, or a
portion of them, ever occurred here overlying the Lias and
Trias can of course never be decided, though I think there
is evidence of a more northerly extension of the chalk,
and perhaps some of the Oolites may once have covered
these older groups. The Lias* occupies a large area in
the south, east, and west, and consists for the most part
of the middle and lower divisions, the upper Lias being
chiefly represented by a thin bed of clay, with some
characteristic fossils on the hill above Fenny Compton
and a few other places, and there is evidence to show that
it formerly capped} the range of the Edge Hills adjacent,
occupying its proper position above the marlstone, or
middle Lias, of which they are mainly composed. From
this point a good descending section may be obtained from
the marlstone, through the underlying clays and marly-
the county, the middle Lias forming the hills projecting in spurs to the north-west,
and the lower division extending in the same direction, at a lower level, up to the
southern edge of the Trias, The more central and northern parts are occupied by the
New Red Sandstone (marls and sandstone, the former predominating), and this forms
by far the larger portion of it, a smaller area on the north-east being filled up by the
Permian and Carboniferous rocks.
+ Many years ago I detected some fragments of the ‘‘fish bed,” well known in the
lower portion of the upper Lias in Gloucestershire, at Edge Hill; so that it may be
fairly inferred that the upper Lias, to a greater or less extent, once capped the marl-
stone there, and has since been denuded, leaving only the harder included limestone
(fish bed), portions of which are scattered about in the fields below the hill,
14
bands, to the lima beds, or zone of Ammonites Bucklandi
to the white Lias more immediately resting upon the Red
Marls (New Red Sandstone), within the course of a few
miles from Fenny Compton to Harbury. The marlstone
is largely quarried on the Avon Dasset hills, and forms a
good building stone, being a hard marly stone, more or
less indurated, of a green or yellow brown colour, some-
times ferruginous. The marlstone forms a range of hills,
of moderate height, on the eastern border of the county,
of which Edge Hill is the highest and is a prominent
feature, striking thence southwards towards Oxfordshire.
The plain below, to the west, is occupied by the lower
Lias. For the most part this formation spreads over
the portions of the county on the north-east, east,
south-east, south, and south-west of Warwick. East of
that town the white Lias is the prevailing sub-division.
The insect beds occur mostly to the south, south-west,
and west. In this county the marlstone contains very
few fossils, and those chiefly brachiopodous shells belong-
ing to the genus terebratula, which has a very wide
geological range, and still lives in the Australian seas.
The stone, therefore, is more easily worked and is better
adapted for economical purposes. In most cases elsewhere
the marlstone is very fossiliferous, and abounds in marine
shells, which are usually well preserved. The sandy
beds immediately below are rarely exposed, but crop
out in a lane near Bitham House, where as usual
they contain many fossils. The inferior clays and marls
are not visible except in some brick pits near Fenny
Compton, and along the line of railway. They are very
full of fossils, and at one horizon abound in a species of
small coral (montlivaltia), gryphites, leda, hippopodium,
belemnites, pectens, ammonites, many small anivalves, and
numerous other marine shells. The middle Lias and sub-
15
jacent zones can best be studied in this neighbonrhood ;
the lower Lias (the lima beds) at Messrs. Greaves and
Bull’s quarries at Stockton and Harbury, and a remark-
ably fine section is exposed in the railway cutting near
Harbury Station. This portion of the series is also
largely quarried at Rugby, and in other places south
and south-east of Stratford. Taking the Harbury
section as the type which fairly represents the rest, we
have the following succession, viz., six beds of white rubbly
limestone, divided by clay ; two feet of black shales, lime-
stone with rhynchonella variabilis; one foot of dark shale;
two feet of blue limestone, full of fucoids; ten beds of
limestone, divided by shale ; three feet of shale; three feet
of thickest bed of hard blue shale; two feet of irregular
masses of limestone, embedded in shale four feet ; five beds
of limestone, divided by shale, resting probably on shales
which are concealed by debris. The fossils are not very
numerous, but the following marine shells occur :—
Gryphea incurva, Ammonites augulatus, Nautilus, Perna,
Lima gigantea, and L. Hermanni, Pecten, Pradoanus (a
Spanish Liassic species new to Britain), Pectens, Cardium,
Amphiedesma, Rhynchonella variabilis, which occurs in
a band towards the top, and a zone of fucoids. One coral
Septastrea Fromenteli and one fish only have been detected,
and very few remains of Saurians, chiefly bones and teeth
of Plesiosaurus rugosus and Ichthyosaurus. Ammonites
Bucklandi, and Couybeari which characterize this zone in
Gloucestershire, Somerset (Bath and Bristol), and: else-
where, do not occur here, at least they have not yet been
recognised. They have, however, been discovered’ at
Rugby with other shells, which do not occur at Harbury,
and one or two species of Saurians. The thickness of the
Lias in Gloucestershire is probably not much less than
1,000 feet, but in Warwickshire, where the upper Lias is
S
16
so feebly represented, the entire thickness, which has not
yet been accurately ascertained, is much less. The Lima
gigantea is a very characteristic and wide-spread species,
and marks this division of the lower Lias everywhere
throughout its course through the British Isles. The
important series of strata which succeed these are not
seen at Harbury, but are well exposed, and largely quarried
at Messrs. Greaves and Bull’s quarries at Wilmcote, and
at other places west of Stratford, as at Binton, Grafton,
and Bidford, and at the remarkable outlier of Brown’s
Wood, near Henley-in-Arden, and at another (Copt Heath)
near Knowle,* neither of which are now worked, these two
last are of special interest, because they shew the lowest
beds of Lias in connection with and passing into the
Rhetics resting immediately upon the New Red Marl, or
highest part of the New Red Sandstone rarely seen in
conjunction in this county. The general character of
these lower Lias beds will be best understood by the fol-
lowing section at Wilmcote, which, down to No. 30, fairly
represent the rest :—
%* At Brown’s and Stooper’s Wood, near Wootton-Wawen, the Rhetic series con-
tain many characteristic fossils in certain calcareous bands, e. g., Pecten valonensis,
Cardium Rheticum Pleurophorus elongatus, Avicula contorta, and others, and if
worked would no doubt yield many more species. At Copt Heath there is a stratum
of yellow, micaceous sandstone, full of Pullastra arenicola, which, though as usuaj
in the form of casts, are sharp and well defined. I also lately detected pieces of stone
which, though without any traces of bones or teeth, evidently belong to the true
‘bone bed.’ Traces of the ‘bone bed’ are stated by Mr. Lucy to occur in the Gravel
Pit at Snitterfield, which proves its former existence in situ in this county, as it was
probably brought from no great distance by the same agency which conveyed the other
Liassic fossils rocognised in the drift there.
~ eae
IN DESCENDING ORDER. FT.
1.—Yellow clay :
2.—Light coloured limestone
3.—Dark laminated shales .
4.—Light coloured limestone
5.—Dark finely laminated
shales
6.—Grey limestone ..
7.—Dark shale, like No. Bi
8.—Grey limestone .. an
9.—Dark shale re
10.—Grey limestone .. 56
11.—Dark shale “tc
12.—Grey limestone ..
13.—Dark laminated clay
14.—Grey limestone ..
15.—Clay, like No. 18
16.—Grey limestone ..
17.—Clay, like No. 13
18.—Grey limestone ..
19.—Clay, like No. 13
20.—Fregmentary shelly bed
21.—Dark, tenacious clay ..
22,—Dark blue limestone and
clay
23.—Clay, like No. 13
24.—Dark grey limestone
el Hard crystalline lime-
ar stone .
Dark, slaty shale
i Hard, shelly limestone} 3 1
30.
and green clay
CFO SCORCOSCOCOCOOCOCOFMOROCrFOrF OCFOCw
0
_
=~]
|
4
oes
fm OO NwWOwmwaoxrawonoaopfporORa wmaoed
wh
6
—
BOTTOM OF THE LIAS.
31.—Green Marl ; a5
32.—Black shale oe aroagl!
33.—Laminated micaceous
shale ata ie
34,—Shale
35.—Ditto }
86.—Dark shale
37.—Dark shale
88.—Laminated clay with
septaria
39.—Clay with shells and
40, black clay }
41.—Pyritic Stone, shelly
0
2
1
2
2
1
ere
43, | Clays oS. eae ees od)
Total.. 48 10 dip. 2} to N.E.
8 Estheria bed.
6
o ao eo
Oo
|
r
|
|
Lower
Lias.
Rhetic
Beds.
18
No. 80 terminates the Lias, the strata below, from
31 to 48, belong to the group termed Rhetic, which is
now separated from the former, of which more will be
said presently. The latter were ascertained to occupy
their true position by means of a shaft sunk for that
purpose. The higher ground round Wilmcote and Binton
is capped by the Lima beds, so that if an entire section
was exposed we should have a tolerably complete repre-
sentation of the more calceoreous' portions of the lower
Lias down to the Red Marl. The district is more-or less
affected by small and often local faults, so that certain
beds in one contiguous quarry are absent in another.
The limestones are of much economical value, being
largely employed for flooring, paving, grave-stones, and
walls, and making hydraulic cement, to which purpose the
Lima series at Harbury are also used by the same pro-
prietors. They make good paving-stones, many of the
slabs raised being of large size, but they do not weather
well when used for grave-stones. Some of them might
be profitably used (like some of the Purbeck limestones)
for lithographic purposes ; with this view I sent up some
specimens to the Exhibition in 1851. With the exception
of remains of insects, and fragments of plants, the fossils
are entirely marine, the species of Ammonites, A, planorbis,
and A Johnsoni, being abundant and characteristic, and
a few other shells occur both in the shales and lime-
stones. Crustacea belonging to the genera Astacus and
Eryon, the latter of great size, are not unfrequently
met with in the insect beds. The most common
fish are the small Pholidophorus Stricklandi and
Tetragonolepis, a very fine and entire specimen of
which is now in the Warwick Museum. The large
Enaliosauorians are well represented by some fine speci-
mens of Ichthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus, the P, megace-
19
phalus in the Warwick Museum being nearly entire,
measuring 14ft. 4in. in length. The remains of plants,
though small and fragmentary, are of considerable interest,
because together with the insects, they afford the only
evidence of the inhabitants of the land. Ferns and
conifere are the predominating forms, but not very
numerous. Large branching masses of drift-wood are
sometimes met with. With respect to the insects, which
are of special interest, twenty-four families and genera
had been determined when my work on “ Fossil Insects ”’
was published more than twenty years ago, since which
time many important additions have been made. The
Coleoptera and Neuroptera are most numerous. Small
beetles are not unfrequently found entire, single elytra
are however most prevalent. Among these may be noted
the families Buprestide, Elaterids, Carabide, and many
others.
There are remains of Orthoptera, Homoptera, Libel-
lulide, and some Diptera. Many of the Neuroptera were
evidently of gigantic proportions, but most of the Insecta
were of small size and, like the associated plants, indicate
a temperate climate, and are more nearly allied to forms
which now inhabit North America. There are few extinct
or unknown genera among them so different to the marine
fauna associated with them. As the coleoptera were
herbivorous, omnivorous, and predaceous, the land must
have contained plants suitable to their food, and insecti-
vorous animals to devour them in their turn. Although
the Saurians and Mollusks indicate a warm climate, there
is no proof of any ultra tropical heat, and it may there-
fore be presumed that they inhabited the higher regions
of a tropical country, such as the Himalayas, and were
carried by streams into the ocean at greater or less dis-
tances from land. With the scanty record which the
20
Lias affords of terrestrial life, the Insecta are of consider-
able importance and interest. Although with the associated
plants, they are only subordinate to the marine fauna in
number and variety of species, they are the only evidence
we have at present of the denizens of the land, and are of
great value to the Palcentologist. Their remains are
confined to the limestones and notably to the lowest,
where they are most abundant. These Insect beds are
succeeded by certain hard, fine grained limestones which
from their ordinary white colour have been termed ‘ white
Lias,’ and they occupy a considerable area east, south,
and south-east, of Warwick, being occasionally quarried
at Whitnash, Harbury, Stockton, Itchington, Newbold
near Rugby, Loxley, and other places. Their true position
is undoubtedly below the Insect limestones, though these
latter seem to be wanting at Harbury, Newbold and other
places above mentioned. Some geologists consider them
to belong to the ‘ Rhetic series,’ others to be passage beds
between the Lias and the latter, while others still class
them with the Lias. As they contain some fossils which
are purely Liassic, and others which are entirely Rhetic,
it seems most probable that they are intermediate between
the two, and should future investigations lead to the
preponderance of Liassic forms over Rhetic, they would
have to be definitly classed with the former, or with the
latter if the reverse. They are often close-grained and
hard limestones, and make a useful building material and
a good lime. Their colour is mostly white, with a yellow
tinge, and occasionally pink and grey. They contain near
Rugby a great abundance of iron, and present a singularly
eroded and uneven surface. I am unable to state the
exact thickness of the white Lias, but it is not very great.
It is a purely local deposit confined for the most part to
this county and Somersetshire. As yet, no Saurians or
21
Ammonites aré known in it, and the shells which are
exclusively marine, are not numerous nor well preserved,
being usually in the form of casts.* There are a consider-
able number of small corals, too imperfect to be specifically
determined, which belong to the genus Montlivaltia. Until
quite lately the Lias terminated with the Red Marls of the
New Red Sandstone, but now all the strata intervening
between the white Lias, and the latter will come within
the ‘ Rhetic series’ of the Trias. In Warwickshire they
are rarely exposed, and then much reduced in bulk. They
may be seen to a limited extent below the white Lias in
the railway cutting at Harbury, where a band of yellowish
sandstone contains the small bivalved crustzcean Estheria
minuta; and also, at the small outlier of Brown’s wood,
and at Stooper’s wood, near Wootton Wawen, where this
sandstone occurs with inferior shelly limestones and sandy
bands, containing the usual Rheetic fossils, e. g., Cardium
Rheticum, Avicula contorta, Pleurophorus, elongatus,
Pecten Valonensis, and Pullastra arenicola. Below these
are black shales, which in Gloucestershire and Som-
ersetshire, contain a pyritious stone full of rolled bones
and teeth of Saurians and fishes, termed from this
fact the bone bed. My lamented friend, Hugh Strickland,
discovered this bed near Binton, and I have observed the
black shales and yellow sandstone, their furthest northern
limit in this county, though without the bone bed, contain-—
ing the Pullastra arenicola, a shell which marks the zone
overlying the Upper Red Marl at Knowle. The largest
outlier about a mile-and-a-half long by half-a-mile broad,
may be observed at Copt Heath, near this village, where
shales containing Ammonites planorbis, and associated
limestones belonging to the lower Lias were formerly
* Ostrea intusstriata and one or two species of Avicula (Monotis) occur in the
white Lias, though not confined to it.
22
worked. The insect beds probably occur here in their
true position, though from the absence of any section
I have not been able to identify them in situ. This
is an isolated patch of Lias, about 15 miles from the
main mass lying in a hollow of the Red Marl, but it may
be reasonably inferred that it was formerly connected with
it, in which case the Lias must have had a wider extension
to the north-west. At Wilmcote the Rhetics were only
detected by means of a shaft as we have already shewn.
They were formerly quarried south of Wootton Wawen,
where a good series of Rhetic fossils might be obtained
if the quarries were now worked. The extent and entire
thickness of the Rhetics, which cannot be accurately
ascertained in this district, is much less in this county
than in Gloucestershire, Somersetshire, and South Wales,
where they attain a much greater importance and develop-
ment. By far the larger portion of the county is occupied
by the New Red Sandstone,* the upper Red Marls being
traceable mostly north-west of Warwick towards Bir-
mingham —-the underlying upper Keuper Sandstone}
between Knowle and Hatton and occupying a considerable
though irregular area to the west, and the underlying
Red Marls and the lower Keuper Sandstone, the former
* I think that the clearest and simplest division of the New Red Sandstone or
. Trias would be as follows :—
(1) Upper New Red Marls, which immediately succeed the Rhetic beds seen on the
canal bank at Copt Heath, on the high road between Preston and Henley, where the
upper sandstones have been cut through and are capped by the upper Red Marls on
the rising ground to the south; a similar section is also exposed near Greenhill Green,
south of Brown’s Wood, where the superior Red Marls are of considerable thickness,
and at Wainlode and Westbury Cliffs in Gloucestershire.
(2) Upper Keuper Sandstones—Shrewley, Rowington, Knowle, Lapworth, Claverdon,
Tanworth, Wolverton, Preston, Henley, &c.
(3) Lower Red Marls, which directly underlie the Upper Keuper Sandstone, well
exposed at Rowington, and between that village and Warwick.
(4) Lower Keuper Sandstones or Waterstones, which succeed the Lower Red Marls
—Warwick, Cubbington, and towards Coventry, &c.
+ I discovered an extensive mass of upper Keuper Sandstone near Edstone, which
is not recorded in the Geological Survey Map of the district.
23
between Hatton and Warwick, and the latter at Coten
End near this town, and at Cubbington on the north-
east and Leamington on the east. The upper Red Marls
are of considerable thickness (600 feet), and occupy
some of the high table land between Knowle and Bir-
mingham. The upper Keuper (not exceeding 25 feet)
which succeeds is a variable, more or less, hard grey
sandstone, divided by green and light-coloured mavrls,
well represented by the following section on the side of the
canal at Shrewley, four miles north-west of Warwick :*—
1.—Green Marl.. .. .- «- » ee «+ Off. 8or4in.
2,—Beds of grey and light-coloured fine-grained Sand-
stone, divided by marl, with Estheria (Posidonia) minuta
and ripple or current marks. In the middle occurs a
coarse gritty sandstone, with white specks, made up of
small pieces of quartz, and mica, which contains bones,
teeth, and spines of Lophodus, a species of shark.. .. lft. 9in.
3.—Green Marl... «20 «2 oe se) ee ee he ee Oft. din.
4.—More fine-grained Sandstone, more or less ripple- "
marked, with footsteps of Labyrinthodon Ra ee Want Cale 3in,
5.—Green Marl, like No.3... oe ee ee ee Oft. Qin.
6.—Hard, workable sandstone (bottom bed), the only
good building stone of the locality, with imperfect casts
of Estheria .. .. 2. ee es oe ee oe 3ft. 6in.
7.—Thin beds of sandstone, divided by green marls,
with remains of plants (Voltzia, Calamites, coniferous
fruits, and fucoids). This is best seen at Rowington .. 10ft. Oin.
8.—Red Marl. Bedshorizontal... .. -. ++ +- 8to 10ft. Oin
The upper Keuper sandstone is by no means uniformly
spread over the area occupied by the Trias, but owing to
very extensive denudation occurs at irregular intervals,
a wider mass being seen at Preston Bagot and east of
Henley-in-Arden. Patches of it also occur south of
Knowle, west of Withall, and south-east of Brown’s
ee see ee a ee ei ee ee SS eae
* In Murchison and Strickland’s sections they give 30 to 40 feet of upper Red Marl,
Sandstone (upper Keuper) 20 feet, and lower Red Marl exposed I0 feet, but this sec«
tion was taken more than thirty years ago, and I suspect was made from some old
quarries now closed, which were formerly worked on Shrewley Common, and therefore
differs somewhat from the one given above, which does not show any upper Red Marl
in situ above the sandstones, but the Sandstones and associated. Marls are about the
same relative thickness, In some places, as in the railway cutting near Henley, thin
beds cf Gypsum occur in the Red Marls.
24
Wood. The low hills in the neighbourhood of Rowing-
ton are capped by it, the lower ground being composed
of the lower. Red Marl. No doubt at one time it was
more widely diffused, from Chessett Wood on the north,
to Cherry Pool south of Preston; and from west to east
north of Tanworth to the east of Rowington. There the
denudations are well marked by lines of dessication and
undulations which vary the otherwise monotonous scenery
of the neighbourhood, and towards Claverdon and Bear-
ley the country is picturesque, and commands some fine
views over the plains of Red Marls and lower Lias to the
more distant oolitic range of the Cotswolds. As a general
rule this formation is barren of any organic remains,
those which have been met with being found in the sand-
stone and green marls, none having been noticed in the
red marls, the superabundance of red peroxide of iron
being generally supposed to be inimical to the.existence of
animal life. No marine shells (with two doubtful excep-
tions) eccur in it, and only two entire fish, one of
which was discovered at Shrewley and the other at
Rowington, but abundant remains of sharks (bed No.
2 of section) which consist of dorsal spines, small
grinding palatal teeth of two distinct genera, and
shagreen or skin of some Cestraciont. No doubt there
were other fish* in the Triassic sea on which these
sharks preyed, which may some day be discovered. But
the most remarkable fossils which distinguish both the
* A fourth and entire fish must be added to the list of New Red Sandstone fishes,
a very remarkable one having been discovered some years ago in the lower Keuper
Sandstone at Bromsgrove, in Worcestershire, and now deposited in Jermyn Street
Museum of Practical Geology. In many ways it presents some unusual characters,
and the family to which it belongs is very doubtful. The tail is homocercal, differing
so far from all other fish yet found below the Lias. Sir P. Egerton has named it
« Dipteronotus cyphus,’ and it is described by him and figured in the Journal of the
Geological Society, Vol. 10, p. 369. I have lately been informed, on good authority,
that another larger and apparently distinct fish was obtained form the same locality
many years ago, and I hope to be able to learn more about it, and perhaps to get it
described and figured if it is still preserved. -
25
upper and lower Keuper are the Labyrinthodont reptiles,
of singular uncouth form and structure, most nearly
allied to the recent aquatic salamanders. In the upper
Keuper the only evidence afforded of their existence are
the impressions of their footsteps, as they crawled over
the mud of the Triassic sea, and probably belong to the
genera Labyrinthodon, Rhynchosaurus, and Cheirotherium.
These footprints indicate Batrachiaus of small size, with
the exception of the larger ones of the last-named animal, .
very imperfect remains of plants are found both in the
upper and lower Keuper, the only evidence we have of the
existence of land at this period in England; unless, as
Professor Huxley now thinks, some of these Labyrintho-
dants were Dinosaurians, and, if so, terrestrial. It is
supposed that the sea in which the New Red Sandstone
was deposited formed a vast inland lake, like the Caspian
or Dead Sea, still, the absence of shells and the scarcity
of fish, and, indeed, of fossils generally, is not so easily
accounted for. My friend, Professor full, and other lead-
ing geologists incline to the opinion that the New Red
Sandstone was for the most part deposited in an inland
sea like the Dead Sea, and the great Salt Lake of America,
which would account for the prevalence and abundance of
salt, and the absence of marine shells and other organisms.
But though this may hold good as far as regards the Red
Marls, and account for the absence of any fossils in them,
yet it must be remembered that the upper and lower
Keuper Sandstone, the former of which is intercalated
in the Marls, contain fish and reptiles, some of the latter
terrestrial as well as amphibious, besides plants, so that
a change in the condition must have taken place during
the deposition of these sandstones, and in them we may
look for and, if more frequently quarried, should probably
find a much larger evidence of the animals and plants
26
(as we have in Germany) of the Triassic epoch. This
formation is of great economic importance from the
quantities of salt and gypsum which are obtained from
it. In England it attains a thickness of 4,500 feet,
though not reaching that amount probably in Warwick-
shire.* The lower Keuper is of limited extent, and, like
the upper, consists of beds of soft and hard, more or less
micaceous sandstone, rather different in lithological struc-
ture, and it is thus by its inferior position readily dis-
tinguished from the upper sandstone, and some parts
form a good building stone. The town of Warwick is
built upon it, and sections may be seen at Coten End,
Guy’s Cliff, Myton, and Cubbington, north of Leamington,
and towards Leek Wootton. Part of Leamington stands
upon it, and it is exposed in an old quarry at the North-
Western Railway Station. It may also be traced north-
wards from that town to near Nuneaton, bounded on the
east by the Red Marl and on the west by the Permian.
It then follows the latter formation northwards from
Berkeswell to Maxstoke along a line of fault, and reap-
pears north of Birmingham and near Sutton Coldfield.
At Marston Jabet the lower Keuper sandstone may be
seen resting unconformably on the inclined shales of the
coal measures. On the east side of Warwick it is ter-
minated by a north and south fault. The lower Keuper
is chiefly remarkable for the interesting and valuable
fossils which have been obtained from it, though at rare
intervals, during the last thirty years, a fine and unique
collection, the most perfect in the kingdom, being in the
Warwick Museum. ‘They consist of remains, various
bones, jaws and teeth of species of Labyrinthodon, a
* About 800 feet is the estimate given for the Trias in Warwickshire, and 3,000 or
upwards in Shropshire and Cheshire, where it reaches its maximum vertical thick-
ness according to my friend, Professor Hull,
Se
27
tooth of Cladeiodon, jaws and bones of Hyperodapedon,
lately described by Professor Huxley, and the former-
named long since by Professor Owen. In his Paper on
this genus in the Journal of the Geological Society (No. 98)
Professor Huxley states that the nearest living represen-
tative of the Hyperodapedon is the amphibious reptile
Sphenodon of New Zealand ; and although in England
the New Red Sandstone has a comparatively limited
fauna, and that chiefly Reptilian, this formation in
other countries has yielded remains of all the five classes
of vertebrate animals, viz., Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia,
Amphibia, and Pisces, besides an abundant and interest-
ing flora. Further researches in the British Isles may
therefore bring to light a larger and more varied series of
animal and vegetable life, both marine lacustrine and
terrestrial.
Professor Huxley has also decided that there are two
kinds of Dinosaurian teeth in the lower Keuper in this
district, one allied to Megalosaurus and the other to
Thecodontosaurus, a reptile found in the Permian con-
glomerate near Bristol. Some vertebree sent to him by
my friend, Mr. Kirshaw, and which belong to our Museum,
are also supposed by the Professor to be of Dinosaurian
character (Journal of the Geological Society, No. 101, Feb.,
1870. He also thinks that the vertebra of Labyrinthodon
pachygnathus are Dinosaurian, and those ascribed to Laby-
rinthodon leptognatus belonged to some other reptile. The
ilium of the latter he believes to be intermediate between
a Teleosaurian and that of a Lizard. I have omitted
any notice of the Bunter Sandstone which underlies the
lower Keuper, because in this county it is very thin,
though a patch is recorded by Mr. Howell east of Poles-
worth and north of Birmingham, the last just beyond the
limits of the county. Nowhere in England are any fossils
28
as yet known in it, though many occur on the Continent.
The Permian rocks occupy a considerable tract to the
north from Ashow to Baddesley Endsor, and repose on
the coal measures. Their thickness has been estimated
at nearly 2,000 feet. They are composed for the most
part of alternating beds of white, purple, and red sand-
stone and marls; these sandstones sometimes form hard
conglomerates, irregularly spread ; but another one, more
continuous, occurs about the middle and is mainly com-
posed of carboniferous limestone pebbles. Fossils are
very rare in this formation in Warwickshire, but two
remarkable ones were found in it at Kenilworth and
Coventry, viz., the skull and teeth of Dasyceps Buck-
landi, and large jaw with -teeth, both belonging to the
Labyrinthodonts, and may be seen in the Museum at
Warwick. Fragments of Lepidodendon and Calamites,
and the casts of a Strophalosia were obtained from a
now closed quarry at Exhall, between Coventry and
Bedworth. The Warwick Museum also contains impres-
sions of several species of large plants which have been
referred to the genera Caulerpites and Breea from Meriden,
and silicfied coniferous trees have been met with near
Allesley, from which the fragments of wood found in
the drift at Warwick, Rowington, and elsewhere, were
probably derived. An excellent section of the sandstones
is exposed in the large quarry at Kenilworth and Meriden,
where they are extensively used for building.
The succeeding carboniferous rocks, which include the
Warwickshire coal field, form on this account the most
important and valuable formation in the county. The
area, however, occupied by them is comparatively small,
being a somewhat narrow tract bounded by the Permian
on the west and the New Red Sandstone on the east,
which extends northwards, not far from Coventry, to
29
Shuttington, widening between Baddesley Endsor and
that place. The coal measures are affected by numerous
faults, and by intrusive igneous rocks of greenstone,*
which latter appear chiefly between Atherstone and Bed-
worth. At Hartshill the latter have long been quarried
for the roads. Near Nuneaton a large mass of greenstone
may be seen, succeeded by highly inclined quartz rock
(millstone grit) and true coal measures, having four bands
of intrusive greenstone intercalated amongst them. The
coal series are made up of alternating beds of shale,
hardened clays, sandstone, ironstone, and coal, with a
band of limestone in the upper part. Their total thick-
ness is given as 38,000 feet, the best workable seams
occurring about the middle. The coal generally is not
of the very best quality; and as the coalfield is com-
paratively small and much has been already worked out,
it will probably be exhausted before very many years
have elapsed. Like the other coalfields, the fossils consist
for the most part of the fragmentary remains of plants
which helped to form the coal itself, among which Lepido-
dendon, Sigillaria, and the roots ealled Stigmaria, Cala-
mites, and numerous fronds of ferns chiefly Pecopteris,
Neuropteris, Odontopteris, and other genera, are the most
characteristic. ‘They are generally broken and imperfect,
for it is very rare to find the fronds of the numerous ferns
in any case attached to the stem, and the other plants are
usually in a similar state. They are chiefly present in
the shales and ironstones. At many of the pits numerous
small estuarine shells, such as Mytilus, Myalina, and
Anthracosia occur, and more rarely a small Limuloid
Crustacean, and bones, scales,*and teeth of fish, many
* The plutonic rocks which prevail in this coal field differ considerably, according
to Mr, Allport, from those which affect the carboniferous district of South Stafford-
shire ; and I agree with him that they all probably belong to the carboniferous period
which was generally one of great igneous activity.
30
of them sauroid and therefore predaceous. The most
remarkable paleontological feature is the abundance of
vegetable growth, a great part of which is now converted
into coal. The gigantic Sigillaria, Lepidodendon, Cala-
mites, and tree ferns indicate a moist and tropical climate,
which in most cases grew near the spot, and in others
were drifted into the estuaries and lakes of the period,
and, as in the former case, associated with esturian shells.
The fossils in the Warwickshire carboniferous series have
not been diligently searched for, if they were, we should
probably obtain here, as elsewhere, a larger and more
abundant flora and fauna, which recent researches have
brought to light in connection with the life of this epoch
in other places, and have yielded some very remarkable
and interesting results.
The millstone grit, so termed from its use for millstones,
is a hard, altered, siliceous quartz rock, traversed more or
less by intrusive greenstone, and is the lowest part of
the carboniferous formation in this county. It is promi-
nently exposed in a high ridge between Nuneaton and
Atherstone, only for a few miles in extent. No fossils are
known in it here, and where found are chiefly coal plants
and a few shells, in the form of casts.
In conclusion it is desirable briefly to give a sketch,
partly a recapitulation, of the history of the five Geologi-
cal periods described in this Paper. The most recent of
these are the drifts of fine gravel, sand, and boulders,
which are irregularly spread over many parts of the
county. In the earliest of these we have evidence of
the existence of many extinct mammalia, such as the
elephant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, tiger, bear, hyena,
cave lion, gigantic deer, extinct horse, and many others.
In the next no such remains have been met with, but
it is remarkable as one of excessive cold, in which ice
31
and icebergs played a conspicuous part, when large boul-
ders of rocks of all ages were carried by ice and water
from all parts and scattered far and wide over the surface.
This state of unusual cold was abnormal, for up to the
glacial epoch the general climatal conditions were those
of considerable heat, if not absolutely tropical, which
more or less prevailed during the deposition of the great
formations which constitute the widely-extended ages of
the Tertiary, Secondary and Paleozoic divisions of Geo-
logical time, long anterior to the existence of man.
Passing over the numerous and widespread formations
not represented in this county, we come to that of the
Lias. The varying alternating masses of limestone, clay,
and shale were deposited in seas of variable depth, at
greater or less distance from land, in which, as might be
expected, marine fossils of many extinct genera, Saurians,
fish, shells, and some corals predominate. The Enalio-
saurians were of large size, predaceous, and aquatic.
Among the shells the most remarkable were the great
cephalopodous Mollusks, Ammonites, Belemnites, and
Sepia, which swarmed in the Liassic sea, and like the
Saurians, acted as the scavengers of the ocean. In some
portions of this formation the land appears to have been
remote, but in others much nearer, for we have many
genera of terrestrial plants, and in the lower division a
large number and variety of insects, whence it may be
fairly inferred that other forms of life inhabited the land,
mammalia and other classes, which have yet to be dis-
covered by some future fortunate paleontologist.
The Rhetic period which succeded, to whatever age it
may be assigned, is rich.in marine remains, presenting
many local and peculiar forms of conchifera and mollusca,
many of which occur in this county, and more no doubt
would be obtained if the strata were sufficiently exposed,
which they unfortunaly are not.
52
The New Red Sandstone period represents a widely
different condition in this country, and is throughout an
enormous vertical thickness, barren for the most part of
animal or vegetable life; the most notable facts are the
absence of shells and the presence of many singular
reptiles, represented by many species of an extinct form
of acquatic Salamander, to which the name of Labyrin-
thodon has been given, from the peculiar labyrinth struc-
ture of the teeth, and which has left more frequent traces
of its existence in the form of footprints than in any
other way; the portions of the skeleton which are pre-
served being mostly confined to the lower Keuper. Of
the four fish known in this formation, the most abundant
belonged to a species of shark, one a carboniferous genus
(Palzoniscus), and one undescribed, both of which were
discovered in the upper Keuper at Rowington and Shrewley,
near this town. The fourth is the Dipteronotus already
referred to (p. 13). These are the only entire fish which
have ever been detected in the Trias, and therefore are of
special interest. The plants are too fragmentary to say
much about, but show the presence of land, though very
remote, and the determination by Professor Huxley of
the occurrence of certain Dinosauria during this epoch,
proves the existence of gigantic terrestrial reptiles not
previously suspected, the remains of which have been
found in the sandstone on which this town is built. On
the whole, the Warwick (lower Keuper) sandstone has
yielded some of the most remarkable and valuable Laby-
rinthodont remains yet discovered, and your Museum here
contains the finest collection in Great Britain. Consider-
ing the small amount of quarrying in this neighbourhood,
a good many fossils have been detected, and if more
extensively worked I believe the upper and lower Keuper
would afford a much larger and perhaps more varied
oer
33
number. The affinities of the fossils of this and the
preceding system are more in conformity with those of
the Oolitic, but have some forms which are peculiar. A
rather shallow sea or salt lake, whether inland or other-
wise, largely charged with saline matter and red peroxides
and an arid climate, are characteristic conditions of the
Triassic system generally.
The Permian rocks in this county have given us little
evidence of the life of the period, though remarkable as
affording the head and jaws of a Labyrinthodont reptile,
in the Museum, besides some shells and plants, which are
in a very imperfect condition. In the north of England
it is rich in mollusks, corals, and fish; therefore it would
seem that the conditions in this area were not favourable
to the existence of a marine fauna, and we must look
elsewhere for it. This system is very closely allied to
the Carboniferous with which many of the fossils agree
generically.
The absence of the marine mountain limestone in this
county, and the unfossiliferous condition of the millstone
grit leave the overlying coal measures as the only portion
of the great carboniferous system to afford any insight
into its geological history. Here, as elsewhere, abundance
of peculiar plants, mostly succulent, and all endogenous,
prove the vast amount of vegetable life which then pre-
vailed, with abundance of carbon and a moist tropical
heat, such as we find in some portions of the globe at the
present day. For the most part these plants grew on or
near the spot, in swampy tracts favourable to their
growth; but in some cases they may perhaps have been
carried down by streams into the sea, marine and estuarine
shells, numerous fishes, some reptiles, and crustacea being
in many places associated with them. On the whole, the
conditions were apparently more favourable to the growth
34
of vegetable matter than at any other time either before
or since; and to this we owe the conversion of woody
matter, under heat and pressure and favouring chemical
conditions, into coal, one of the most valuable and impor-
tant products we possess. Though no insects have been
found in the Warwickshire coal field, they may nevertheless
occur, and as they are known in many other coal deposits,
we may draw the same inferences from them as we have
done in the case of the Lias, and look forward some day
to the discovery of other and higher forms of animal life.
The Warwickshire Naturalist’s and Archeologist’s Field
Club held their Annual Winter Meeting at the Museum,
Warwick, by permission of the Council of this Society,
on February 25th, 1870. The following Papers were
read :—‘*On ‘Practical Geology,’ by the Rev. P. B.
Brodie, Vice-President, M.A., F.G.S.; and on ‘Swiss
Lake Dwellings,’ by Dr. Corfield, M.D., F.G.S.”
The first summer meeting was held at Dumbleton, near
Evesham, on May 21st; the second at Leicester, for
Barrow-on-Soar, Charnwood Forest, and the Leicester-
shire Coal Field, on the 22nd of June, being the usual
summer excursion for three or four days.
Owing to the small attendance, the meeting which
should have been held at Bromsgrove Lickey, in August,
was unanimously postponed until next year.
85
Anditions to the Museum and Pibrary.
GEOLOGY.
DONATIONS.
Specimen of Precious Opal, from Hungary in the Matrix. Presented
by Dr. O'Callaghan.
Specimen of Precious Opal, from Mexico in the Matrix. Presented
by Dr. O'Callaghan.
LIBRARY.
DONATIONS.
Proceedings of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archeologists’ Field
Club for 1869. Presented by the Society.
Practical Geology, by Rev. P. B. Broprz. Presented by the Author.
Archeological Journal. No. 90 to 102 inclusive. Presented by W.
E. Buck.
LIBRARY.
PURCHASES.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 4 and 5. 4th series.
Camden Society’s Publications :—
No. 99. Diary of John Manningham, of the Middle Temple, 1602—
; 1608.
No. 100. Notes of the Treaty carried on at Ripon, between King
Charles I. and the Covenanters of Scotland, 1640.
No. 101, Narrative of the Spanish Marriage Treaty, edited and
translated, by S. R. Goopwin.
No. 102, Churchwardens Account of the town of Ludlow in Shrop-
shire, from 1540 to the end of the reign of Queen
Elizabeth.
Geological Magazine, 57 to 70.
Paleontographical Society's Publications :—
Vol: 23.--Supplement to the Fossil Corals. Part II, No. 2. Cretaceous.
Cretaceous Echinadermata. Vol. 1. Part III.
Belemnitide. Part V. Oxford Clay, &c., Belemnites.
Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone. Part I. concluded.
Reptilia of the Liassic Formation. Part II. Crag Cetacea,
No. 1.
Popular Science Review. Part 33 to 36.
GENERAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT,
FROM 3lsr MARCH, 1869, TO 81st MARCH, 1870.
See
Hncome.
1869. fF 3. Nd.
31st Mar.—To Balance of last account .. .. 4918 3
1870.
31st Mar.—Amount received during the
year for Subscriptions .. (Mingicy e()
ArrearS.. «+ «+ + #8 4 4 0
7512 0
Received for admission to Museum .. 5 9 6
Received from Mr. Hosken for Library
deposit fe eee a open 40; LOMO
To Balance. :. c.fea.. «- 8420. 4 £131 0 9
Of which £1. is deposited on
Library Account.. .. :- 110 0
(Mr. Garner, 10s.; Mr. Kitch-
ener, 10s.; Mr. Hosken, 10s.)
Balance .. £4010 4
Expenditure.
81st March, 1870. £. 3s. d,
[TNSUTATICR. Sei oor fee Wh teie keen” ae) Eoin fore 20 0
Attendant’s Salary .- «+ «+ «+ e+ « 20 0 0
Coal and Firing... .- ++ es s+ 2 «8 8 5 5
Printing (including Reports) and Stationery.- 13 11 0
Fittings and Repairs... .. ++ s+ es ¢: (iis eS)
Preserving and repairing Objects .. ++ + 0 8 0
Books, Binding, &c... .» «+ «+ ++ + 8 4 6
Cabinet for Entomological Specimens .. -- 1610 0
Cabinet for Collection of Eggs.. ++ ++ ++ 3.0 0
Subscriptions to Societies... -. ++ ++ +: 3 2 0
Postage, Circulars, &c. .- ++ ++ ++ * 117 6
Carriage of Parcels .. +. ++ s+ ss ¢ 0 6 4
Incidental Expenses, Cleaning, &c. «- -- 516 6
Poorsehateie Mane seme. ein -wphtiole: pele) em 110 0
Collector's Commission .. -+ ++ ++ + 316 6
£89 9 5
By Balance,. «+ ++ + 42 0 4
£131 9 9
——
The Council, aided by several members of the Society, have subscribed £31. 1s. Od. to pay for the valuable Herbarium collected by the
late Mr, Perry, which has been presented to the Society, and is in the Museum.
37
OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.
1870—71.
PATRON.
Tae Ricut HonovrasLte THE Hart or Warwick.
PEESIDENT.
Epwarp Greaves, Hsg., M.P.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
Tae Ricut HonovrasLe THE Hart or AYLESFORD.
Cuartes Houte Bracesriner, Hse.
Water Henry Bracesrince, Esa.
Tae Rigut Honovrastz Lorp Dormer.
James Duepate, Esa.
Tse Ricut Honovrasne THE Hart or CAMPERDOWN.
James Cove Jones, Hsa., F.S.A., M.N.S.
Tse Ricut Honovraste Lorp Leen, F.Z.S.
Grorce Luoyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S.
Sm Georce Ricwarp Parties, Barr.
Marx Puuinirs, Esa. ; 5
Evetyn Pump Sarury, Ese, F.S.A.
Joun Staunton, Hse.
Tae RicHt Honovuraste Lorp Winttovessy pe Broxs.
Henrzy CugistorpHer Wisr, Hsa., M.P.
HONORARY SECRETARIES.
Toe Rev. Permk Bewiincer Bzoprz, M.A., F.G.S8.
JoHN Winu1am Kuirsuaw, F.G.S.
38
HONORARY CURATORS.
Geologn und Mineralogy.
The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S.- | JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq., M.D., F.G.S. | R. F. TOMES, Esq, F.Z.S.
WILLIAM VAUGHAN RUSSELL, Esq., F.G,S.
Hotany,
FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq., F.B.S.E. | F, E. KITCHENER, Esq., F.L.S.
Zoology.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq:, M.D,, F.G.S. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esq,, F.Z.S.
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A.
Entomologn.
THE REV. W. BREE. I J. 8S. BALY, Esq., F.L.S.
Archwology.
MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esq. | JOHN FETHERSTON, Jun., Esq., F.S.A.
P. O'CALLAGHAN, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A.
AUD EP 0,5,
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COUNCIL.
The PATRON THOMAS COTTON, Esq,
The PRESIDENT MAJOR GENERAL JOHN H. FREER
The VICE-PRESIDENTS THE REY. PHILIP S. HARRIS
The HONORARY SECRETARIES THOMAS LLOYD, Esq.
The HONORARY CURATORS W. H. PARSEY, Esa., M.D,
The TREASURER JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS, Esq,
The AUDITOR THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Ese,
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. THOMAS THOMSON, Ese,, M.D.
The REV. WILLIAM BREE JOHN TIBBITS, Esq,, M.D.
—e
89
LIST OF MEMBERS,
1870.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Tae Rev. Apam Sxpewics, B.D., F.B.S., F.L.8., F.G.8.,
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of
Cambridge, éc.
Rosert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.B.SS. L. & E., F.R.C.P.E.
F.L.S., F.G.S., F.Z.8., Professor of Comparative Anatomy
and Zoology at the University College, London, de.,
Grafton Place, Euston Square, London.
Joun Pamrs, Eso., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.8., Professor of
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University of
Oxford, éc., Oxford.
Lrevrenant-Cononen Witt1am Henry Sykes, M.P.,
F.B.S., F.L.S., F.G.8., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde
Park, London.
Samven Broun, Esq, LL.D., F.S.A., Keeper of Oriental
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of the
Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin,
Gottingen, Herculaneum, éc., &c.
Azpert Way, Ese., LL.D., F.8.A., Hon. Sec. of the British
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the ‘* Comité des
Arts et Monuments, Wonham near Reigate, Surrey.
Grorce Luovp, Esq., M.D., F.G.8., Birmingham Heath.
40
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THOSE MARKED THUS “ ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS:
The Right Honourable Earl of Aylesford, Packington
Hall, Vice-President.
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J. 8. Baly, Esq., F.L.S., Warwick, Member of Council.
Richard Barnett, Esq., Coten End, Warwick.
William Betts, Esq., No, 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington.
Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator.
*Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice-
President.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sher-
bourne, Vice-President.
Rey. William Bree, Allesley, near Coventry, Member of
Council.
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Hon. Secretary and Curator.
John Coulson Bull, Esq., Leamington.
Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl Brooke
and Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle, Patron.
William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
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Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick.
Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick.
John M. Cooke, Esq., Warwick.
Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth,
Member of Council.
41
Thomas Bellamy Dale, Esq., Warwick.
The Right Honourable Joseph Thaddeus Dormer, Lord
Dormer, Grove Park, Vice-President.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Campendowa; Vice-
President.
James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Vice-President.
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42
John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary
and Hon. Curator.
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Leamington, Vice-President.
43
John Tibbits, Esq., M.D., Warwick, Member of Council.
Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.8., Welford, near Strat-
ford-on-Avon, Hon. Curator.
The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator.
Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.8.E., Oakfield,
Leamington, Hon. Curator.
William Walker, Esq., Warwick.
James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford-
upon-Avon.
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worth.
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de-Broke, Compton Verney, Vice-President.
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Wootton, Vice-President.
J. Wimbridge, Esq. Warwick.
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44
Hist of Patrons and Presidents,
1836—1853
1853—1871
1836—1837
1837—1838
1838—1839
1839—1840
1840—1841
1841—1842
1842—1843
1843—1844
1844—1845
1845—1846
1846—1847
1847—1848
1848—1849
1849—1850
1850—1851
1851—1852
1852—1853
1853—1854
1854—1855
1855—1856
1856—1857
1857—1858
1858—1859
1859—1860
1860—1861
1861—1862
1862—1863
1863—1864
1864—1865
1865—1866
1866—1867
1867—1568
1868—1869
1869—1870
1870—1871
From 1836 1o 1871.
PATRONS.
The Right Honourable Henry Richard Greville, Earl
Brooke and Earl of Warwick, K.T., LL.D.
The Right Honourable George Guy evi Earl
Brooke and Earl of Warwick.
PRESIDENTS.
Chandos Leigh, Esq., F.H.S.
Sir John Mordaunt, Bart., M.P.
Sir John Eardley Eardley Wilmot, Bart., M.P., F.R.S.
William Holbeche, Esq., F.G.S.
The Hight Honourable George Guy Greville, Lord
Brooke.
Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq.
William Staunton, Esq.
Sir Francis Lawley, Bart., F.H.S., F.Z.S.
Sir Gray Skipwith, Bart.
The Most Honourable Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton,
Sir John Robert Cave Browne Cave, Bart.
Marquess of Northampton, D.C.L., Presmpenr R.S.,
F.3.A., Hon. M.R.I.A., F.G.S.
Evelyn John Shirley, Esq., M.P.
The Honourable William Henry Leigh.
Sir Theophilus Biddulph, Bart.
Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq.
Mark Philips, Esq.
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq.
John Staunton, Esq.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq.
Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq.
The Right Honourable William Henry Leigh, Lord
Leigh, F.Z.S.
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq.
The Rev. Vaughan Thomas, B.D.
Sir George Richard Philips, Bart.
Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P.
Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P.
John Staunton, Esq.
John Staunton, Esq.
Richard Greaves, Esq.
Richard Greaves, Esq.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.:
James Dugdale, Esq.
James Dugdale, Esq.
Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P.
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45
The Meetings of the Council are held on the First
Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January,
and the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Kaster week.
The Museum is open daily to the Members and their
Friends, from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Eleven
o’clock to Four between the First of November and the
last day of February.
' Non-Subscribers are admitted on payment of an
admission fee of sixpence each.
The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on
Mondays and Tuesdays.
The Annual Subscriptions for 1870 are due on the 24th
day of May; and the Council request that the Subscribers
will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at the Bank
of Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, Warwick ;
or to Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of
Subscriptions, Leicester Street, Leamington.
30
95 MAY +286
PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK.
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NATURAL HISTORY
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WARWICKSHIRE
NATURAL HISTORY
AND
ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
ESTABLISHED MAY 24th, 18386.
THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS,
READ AT THE
ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 14, 1871.
In presenting the annual report, the Council congratu-
late the Members on the continued prosperity of the
Society.
Some valuable additions have been made to the Museum
and Library, by donation and purchase, during the past
year.
The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arrang-
ing a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and
some of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a
small but judicious annual outlay in specimens and
cabinets, when required, with the aid also of friendly
donations, will soon make the entire Geological collection
most*valuable and instructive, and one of the best out of
London. At present the collections of Natural History
and Geology form a good educational medium for all
classes, and it is of the utmost importance to maintain
and increase its efficiency.
2
The fine example of the ‘ Megacerus ”—“ Fossil deer
of Ireland,” from Lough Gur, near Limerick, which was
presented to the Society by the late Richard Greaves,
Esq., is now placed in the Geological room of the Museum.
Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a
collection properly, and for the same reason it is much
less profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes
of general instruction.
Though some of the desiderata have been filled up,
there are several formations which are still very defective,
amongst which may be enumerated the followimg :-—-The
Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce,
Headon Hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. London
Clay Fossils, from Sheppey and Bognor; Upper and Lower
Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower Silurian
will be very acceptable. The aid of the members is particu-
larly requested in procuring fossils from the County,
especially those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian, as it
should be the chief aim of all local Museums to have as fine
a suite as possible from the strata which oceur in the
immediate neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire
Natural History Society has endeavoured to carry out.
ARCHZOLOGY.
The Roman Coffin, found in the excavation for the rail-
way near Alcester, which was purchased for the Society,
has been set up at the entrance-door of the Museum.
BRITISH MAMMALIA.
Although no addition has been made to the British
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the
3
collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assistance
in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which migrate,
and which therefore in some species can only be obtained
as stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and though some,
are rarer than others, all may be obtained with tolerable
certainty, by those residing in such parts of the country as
they are known to inhabit. With the exception of the
marine species, such as the Whales and Porpoises, there
are none which might not take their place in our collection
of British fer. We have already some of the largest of the
land animals, as the Red Deer and Roebuck, both presented
by Edward Greaves, Esq. A mounted specimen of the
Fallow Deer, and of the two kinds of Martin, ie. the
yellow breasted and the white breasted Martin, would go
far towards the completion of the terrestrial Mammalia of
Great Britian. We earnestly hope that some friends to
this Institution will kindly furnish one or other of these
desiderata. Of the smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and
Bats, a few kinds are wanting, but these the Curators
believe they shall before long be able to supply.
ENTOMOLOGY.
The Entomological collection is in the course of arrange-
ment in the New Cabinet, the Aculeate Hymenoptera,
occupying nine drawers, are already arranged, and the
arrangement of the Coleoptera is commenced.
The majority of scientific Entomologists residing in or
near London, have confined their researches principally to
the Metropolitan district, or to the Southern counties of
England ; consequently the Midland counties present an
almost unworked field, which must contain very many
interesting novelties.
Warwickshire from its high state of cultivation has but
few waste spots, on which Insects usually abound, but its
4
varied soil and numerous woods will doubtless yield great
results to the efforts of a zealous collector. Those of our
members living in the country are earnestly solicited to
preserve and forward to our Curators any specimens that
may fall in their way. Lepidoptera may be captured in
pill-boxes and killed by means of a few drops of Chloroform.
Coleoptera and other orders should be put into a bottle in
which has been previously placed a small quantity of
bruised laurel leaves, the prussic acid contained in the
leaves not only very quickly killing the Insects, but also
preserving them fresh, and in a state for setting for a
considerable length of time.
ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
When the repairs of the Museum were brought to a close,
the room containing the collection underwent a thorough
cleaning, and the specimens were taken out, examined,
carefully cleaned, and returned to the cases. The windows
of the rooms, the approaches to which were awkwardly
blocked up with cases, were relieved of their obstructions,
the specimens which were in these cases being transported
to their proper places in the series to which they respectively
belonged. But the most important change which has been
made in this department, is the separation of the British
from the Exotic species. In nearly all the extensive
Natural History Museums in Europe the native species
are now fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately
been the case in our National Museum, and whereas the
observer had before this change to seek laboriously through
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated
specimens which had formed the collectiop of some
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel
Montague,—he may now sce them all placed side by side
in the gallery devoted to British Zoology. And with them
5
he may also see ranged the gems from the collection of the
late Mr. Yarrell. The advantage of such an arrangement
is obvious.
It has been observed, with great truth, “ that you cannot
vie with the larger Museums in a general collection, but
you may excel them if you confine yourselves to a purely
local collection.” Fully agreeing with this opinion, the
Hon. Curators, while enlarging the collection of British
Birds, purpose to do so, as much as possible, by means of
specimens obtained in Warwickshire, or the contiguous
Counties. They offer these remarks in the hope that the
friends of the Institution will assist them in carrying out
their views, by donation of some of the species forming
the following list of desiderata :—
Order 1. Accipitress, Linn.
Egyptian Vulture... ... Neophron Percnopterus (Linn.)
Griffon Vulture... ... ... Gyps fulvus (Gmel.)
Rough-legged Buzzard ... Archibuteo Lagopus (Briin.)
Spotted Hagle ... ... ... Aquila nevia (Gmel.) Mey
Jer-falcon ... ... .. Haleo Gyrfaleo, Linn.
Red-footed Falcon ... ... Zinnunculus vespertinus (Linn.)
Swallow-tailed Kite ... ... Nauelerus fercatus (Linn.) Vigors.
Goshawk ... ... ... ... Astur palumbarius (Linn.) Bechst.
Montagu’s Harrier ... ... Circus cinerascens (Mont.)
Hawk Owl ... Surnia ulula (Linn.) Bonap.
Snowy Owl [ Brit. Specimen] Nyctea nivea (Thunb.)
Little Owl ... . Athene noctua (Retz.)
Great-eared Owl [female]. . Bubo maximus, Sibb.
Tengmalm’s Owl... . Nyctale Tengmalmi (Gmel.) Strick.
Order 2, Passeres, Cuv.
Alpine Swiff ... ... ... Cypselus Melba, Linn.
Roller ... ..._ Coracias garrula, Linn.
Bee-eater [British apeciien |Merops Apiaster (Linn.)
Dartford Warbler... ... Sylvia undata (Bodd.)
Garden Warbler [female] . . Sylvia hortensis (Penn.)
Fire-crested Regulus... ... Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm.
Plain-crowned Kinglet . Regulus proregulus (Pall.)
Black Redstart [Brit. speci. .] Ruticilla tithys (Scop.)
Blue-throated Warbler ... Cyanecula suecica, Linn.
Alpine Accentor... ... ... Accentor alpinus, ‘Gmel. Bechst.
Crested Tit... ... .... ... Parus cristatus, Linn.
White Wagtail ... ... ... Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.]
Grey-headed Wagtail... ... Motacilla flava, Linn.
6
Rock Pipit ... see ove Anthus spinoletta (Linn.)
Richard’s Pipit ... ... ... Anthus Richardi (Vieill.)
White’s Thrush... ... ... Turdus varius, Horsf.
Rock Thrush... «. «. Turdus saxatilis, Linn.
Golden Oriole ... Oriolus Galbula, Linn.
Golden-vented Thrush _.... Pyenonotus awrigaster (Vieill.)
Gt. Ash-color’d Shrike [fem.] Lanius Exicubitor, Linn.
Woodchat Shrike ... ... Enneoctonus refus (Briss.)
Nutcracker... ... «+ ++. Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linn.) Briss.
Rose-color’d Ouzel[ Brit. spec. | Pastor roseus (Linn.) Temm.
Red-winged Starling... ... Agelaius pheniceus (Linn.) Vieill.
Mountain Linnet ... ... Fringilla flavirostris, Linn.
Cirl Bunting vee ae Emberiza Cirlus, Linn.
Ortolan Bunting... ... «- Emberiza hortulana, Linn.
Lapland Bunting ... ... Plectrophanes lapponicus (Linn.) Selb.
Short-toed Lark... ... ... Alauda brachydactyla, Temm.
Crested Lark ... ... «.. Alauda cristata, Linn.
Shore Lark ... ... «+ ++. Octocoris alpestris (Linn.)
Parrot Cross-bill... ... ... Lowia pityopsittacus, Bechst.
White-winged Cross-bill ... Lowxia leucoptera, Gmel.
Order 3. Scansores, Ill.
American Cuckoo... ... Coceyzus americanus (Linn.)
Great spotted Cuckoo ... Oxylophus glandarius (Linn.)
Order 4. Columb, Lath.
Rock Dove ... 0 ws we «+ Columba Livia, Briss.
Passenger Pigeon. ws Ectopistes migratorius (Linn.) Swains.
Order 5. Galline, Linn.
Barbary Partridge ... «.. Caccabis petrosa (Lath.)
Andalusian Hemipode ... Turnix gibraltaricus (Gmel.) Gould.
Virginian Colin... «.. « Ortyx virginianus (Linn.) Gray.
Order 6. Struthiones, Lath.
Great Buzzard ... ... «. Otis trada, Linn.
Little Buzzard ... ... «.. Otis tetrax, Linn.
Order 7. Gralle, Linn.
Great Plover... . Cidicnemus crepitans, Temm.
Cream-coloured Courser ... Cursorius gallicus (Gmel.)
Kentish Plover ... ... + Charadrius Cantianus, Lath.
Grane: ... dead aoa Ome crete, Bechst.
Great White Heron ..._ ... Ardea alba, Gmel.
Egret [British specimen] ... Ardea Gazetta, Linn.
Squacco Heron ... «+ Ardea Comata, Pall.
Buffed-backed Heron... ... Ardea Coromanda, Bodd.
American Bittern... ... Batawrus lentiginosus, Mont.
Spoon-bill ... 0 1. see ve Platalea leucorodia, Linn.
White Stork a. wae Ciconia alba, Briss.
Black Stork... ... «ws. «+ Ciconia nigra, Bechst.
tilt
7
Spotted Redshank .., ... Totanus stagnalis, Bechst.
Wood Sandpiper... Lotanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm.
Avocet... ... ss «ws « Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn.
Black-winged Stilt ... ... Himantosus Candidus, Bonn.
Buff-breasted Sandpiper ... Tringa refescens, Vieill:
Broad-billed Sandpiper... Zringa platyrhyncha, Temm.
Schintz’s Sandpiper ... .... Tringa Schinzii, Brehm.
Pectoral Sandpiper ... ... Dringa Pectoralis, Say.
Brown Snipe... ... ... Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach.
Sabine’s Snipe ... ... ... Gallinago Sabini, Vigors.
Red-necked Phalarope ... Phalarophus hyperboreus (Linn.) Cuvier.
Ballion’s Crake ... ... ... Ortygometra pygme, Naum.
Little Crake... ... ... ... Ortygometra minuta, Pall.
Order 8. Anseres, Linn.
Spur-winged Goose ... ... Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph.
Common Wild Goose... ... Anser ferus, Gesn.
White-fronted Goose... ... Anser Erythropus, (Linn.) Flem.
Pink-footed Goose ... ... Anser Brachyrhynchus, Baill.
Bernicle Goose ... ... ... Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.)
Red-breasted Goose .... ... Bernicla ruficollis (Pall.) Steph.
Polish Swan ve use ave Cygnus immutadilis, Yarrell.
Whistling Swan... ... ... Cygnus ferus, Ray.
Bewick’s Swan ... ... ... Cygnus minor, Pall.
American Swan ... ... ... Cygnus americanus, Sharpeless.
Ruddy Shieldrake ... ... Casarka rutila, Pall.
American Wigeon ..._ ... Mareca americana (Gmel.) Steph.
Bimaculated Duck ... ... Querquedula bimaculata, Penn.
Gadwall ... ... Chaulelasmus strepera, Linn.
Red-crested Whistling Duck Branta rufina (Pall.) Boie.
Scaup Pochard . Fuligula Marila (Linn.) Steph.
Ferruginous Duck ..._ ... Nyroca leucophthalma (Bechst.) Flem.
Harlequin Garrot ... ... Clangula histrionica (Linn.) Steph.
Long-tailed Hareld ... ... Harelda glacialis (Linn.) Leach.
Steller’s Western Duck ... Eniconetta Stelleri, Pall.
King Duck... ... ... ... Somateria spectabilis (Linn.) Steph.
Surf Scoter... ... ... ... Oidemia perspicillata (Linn.) Steph.
Red-breasted Merganser ... Mergus Serrator, Linn.
Hooded Merganser ... ... Mergus cucullatus, Linn.
Red-necked Grebe ... ... Prodiceps grisegena (Bodd.) Lath.
Sclavonian Grebe ..._ ... Prodiceps Cornutus (Gmel.) Lath.
Great Auk ... ... ... ... Alea impennis, Linn.
Manx Shearwater... ... Puffinus Anglorum, Ray.
Cinereous Shearwater... ... Puffinus cinereus, Gmel.
Wilson’s Petrel ... ... ... Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl.
Forked-tailed Petrel ... ... Thalassidroma Leachii, Temm.
Bulwer’s Petrel .... ... ... Thalassidroma Bulweri (J. &8.) Gould.
Buffon’sSqua ... ... ... Stercorarius cephus, Briin.
Common Squa ... ... ... Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn.
Glaucous Gull... ... ... Laurus glaucus, Brin.
Iceland Gull vee wee eee Laurus leucopterus, Faber.
Little Gull ... ... ... ... Laurus minutus, Pall.
Sabine’s Gull ... ..: ... Xema Sabini, Leach.
8
Ivory Gull... ... 0... .... Pagophila eburnea (Gmel.) Kaup.
Caspian Tern... ..._ .... Sterna caspia, Pall.
Gulled Lilled Tern... ... Sterna anglica, Mont.
Sandwith Tern ... .... ... Sterna cantica, Gml.
Roseate Tern. . Sterna paradisea, Brin.
White-winged Black Tern.. . Hydrocheidon nigra, Linn.
Black Noddy ... ... ... Anédus stolidus (Linn.) Catesby.
BOTANY.
The Council report, with much pleasure, that sufficient
money has been raised to purchase the valuable Herbarium
collected by the late Mr. Perry, and the thanks of the
Society are due to those friends who have presented it
to the Museum. Through the exertions of the Rev. C. F.
Thorneville, lately resident for a short time in Warwick,
the Collection has been carefully examined, a report drawn
up on the condition of the specimens, and a list made out
of the desiderata. The Council have now under con-
sideration the best mode of arranging the Herbarium, and
of rendering its contents available for the use of such
Botanical students as may wish to consult it.
LIBRARY.
An opportunity occured to purchase a very good copy of the
second Edition of Dugdales Antiquities of Warwickshire,
by ‘Dr. Thomas, of which the Council availed themselves,
considering that it was very desirable to have it in the
Library for reference.
A Catalogue of Books in the Library has been made, to
the 81st December, 1867, and a copy was sent to each
Member.
The Council will be glad to receive presents of any works
of Local interest, for the Library.
Any member wishing to take a Book from the Library,
is particularly requested to see that an entry is made in the
book kept for that purpose, which is on the Library table.
The date must also be entered when the book is returned,
9
Before Members are allowed to take Books out of the
Library, a deposit of ten shillings is required. Some of
the Books cannot be taken away from the Library.
The Accounts for the year have been audited, and the .
General Financial Statement, to March 31st, 1871, is
appended to this report.
The Museum, now containing a valuable and well-
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and
Antiquitics, as well as a Library, which, though not
extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is highly
creditable to the Town and County of Warwick, and
deserves a much greater amount of support than it has of
late years received. An excellent foundation has been
laid, but much might be effected if adequate means were
placed at the disposal of the Council. Owing to the losses
by death, of several subscribers during the past year, and
the small number of additional members, the funds of the
Society are in a less satisfactory condition than could be
desired. A reference to the list of subscribers will show
that only a few of the rich and influential residents in the
County belong to the Society. If the members would
solicit annual subscriptions from their friends and neigh-
bours, it is probable that a considerable addition would
be made to the funds of the Society.
During the past winter, the Museum has been thrown
open on a certain number of evenings in the week, so as to
make its valuable contents available to the working classes
_and others, who, from their time being fully occupied, are
unable to visit it during the daytime.
Three Lectures have also been delivered at eight o’clock
in the evening, in the months of December, January, and
February: they were listened to with great interest and
attention by crowded audiences, composed principally of
artizans, and their families.
10
The First (on birds) was given on the opening night, by
Mr. R. F. Tomes, F.Z.S.
The Second (on coal) was delivered by the Rey. P. B.
Brodie, F.G.S.
On the Third evening an elaborate paper was read by
P. O’Callaghan, LL.D., on Piers Gaveston, a subject deeply
interesting to the inhabitants of Warwick, and its neigh-
bourhood.
Elementary Classes have also been partially formed on
Mechanics and Botany. They are now suspended for the
summer months, but the Council intend to resume them in
the autumn, on a somewhat different plan, and fully hope
that they will be appreciated by those persons for whose
benefit they have been formed.
The expenses of laying the gas, &c., have been defrayed
by voluntary subscriptions, the Council are however anxious
to get further contributions, in order to obtain the necessary
apparatus and diagrams for the classes, and also (should the
funds be sufficiently large) to procure the occasional services
of eminent lecturers on various scientific subjects.
11
The following Paper was read at the Winter Meeting,
(March, 1871,) of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ Field Club,
and at the request of the Council of the Warwickshire
Natural History and Archeological Society, who were dis-
appointed of a Paper promised them by Mr. Bloxam, is
published here instead :—
The Nature, Origin, and Geological History of Amber,
with an Account of the Fossils which it contains, by the
Rev. P. B. Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Vice-President of
the W.N.F.C.
The history and origin of Amber is a very interesting one
and one which has only lately been clearly elucidated in an
able paper, by Professor Zaddach,* of Kénigsberg; and from
it many of the facts in this paper have been obtained. It
struck me that a brief account of it might prove instructive
and usefulto the members of our Field Club, even to those who
are not specially interested in Geological problems. Amber
is usually a bright yellow substance, and like the beautiful
Diamond and black coal, is more or less a pure Carbon;
and as we proceed in its investigation will be shown to be a
resinous gum, originally in a liquid state, and derived from
pines or other coniferous trees. It possesses a slight odour,
certain electrical properties, and is capable of combustion; it
inclosesinsects, leaves and other extraneous matter, and occurs
in beds of clay and lignite, chiefly in Prussia, belonging to the
Tertiary formation called Eocene, one of the earliest deposits
of this age, and in another of still later date. Some Amber
is so dark that it is called black Amber, and has in its
appearance and composition, a close analogy to solid Bitumen,
which latter is a dark mineral oil, smelling like tar. All
*Quarterly Journal of Science, April, 1868.
+ The Diamond is the purest crystalline form of Carbon, and Charcoal, which is
wood from which the yolatile matters haye been driven off by heat, is its purest
amorphous state.
12
this clearly indicates its vegetable origin. Itis valuable for
certain economical purposes, such as vases, necklaces, and
mouth pieces for pipes, and a very large trade is carried on
in its collection and manufacture for these purposes.
It is a product of foreign countries, and is found chiefly
on the shores of the Baltic, in Pomerania, Spain, on the shores
of Sicily andthe Adriatic, Russia, Africa, Brazil, and pieces are
sometimes washed up on our eastern coasts { but were probably
derived from a distance perhaps by currents from the Baltic.
Although the communication between the Baltic Sea and
the German Ocean is broken by the land of Denmark, and
only exists through the island of Zealand, and others, which
lie between Denmark and Sweden, it is quite possible, and
by no means improbable, that currents may have conveyed
pieces of Amber, from the coasts of the Baltic, through the
Cattegat into the North Sea, and thence they would occas-
onally, though rarely, be picked up on our eastern coasts.
They may perhaps have been brought thence during the post
Tertiary period, when thenow land of Denmark was depressed
beneath the ocean, and hence the North Sea and the Baltic
would form one uninterrupted expanse of water. There is
no reason to suppose that any Tertiary deposit, exactly
equivalent to the Amber-bearing earth, exists in situ, at the
bottom of the North Sea, otherwise Amber would be found
in abundance on British shores washed by it.
Mr. Hope says that Amber has been found in the gravel pits
near London, derived probably from some of the Tertiary
strata of our Island, I have detected small pieces of resin in
} I lately had the pleasure of inspecting a fine collection of Amber, belonging to
Lady Murray, at Leamington, collected by the late Mr. Fairholme on the
coast at Ramsgate ; where it is washed up after storms, but probably derived
from the Baltic. One large clouded piece was valued at £500. Most of the bits
contained a variety of beautifully preserved Insects, among which were many
entire Diptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and one Lepidoptera. There
were some plants, including a Dicotyledonous leaf and stems, and a small shell,
apparently a fresh-water Mollusk, with a portionof the animal protruding
from the interior,
13
the clays of the Wealden in the Isle of Wight, and some have
been met with in the London clay at Highgate. Perbaps
one of the richest deposits of Amber, and for which it has
been long celebrated, is a province of Prussia called Samland,
bounded on the west and north by the Baltic.. In a portion
of this district fine sections are exposed of the Tertiary for-
mation varying from 80 to 125 feet in thickness. It consists
of two different deposits, the lowest being composed of thick
beds of Glauconitic § sand 65 feet thick, overlaid by the brown
coal formation from 60 to 100 feet thick. This Glauconitic
sand in the north and west coast, differs from that on the south,
In the former, the upper part about 60 feet consists of
light green sand made up of large quartz grains, and bright
green granules of Glauconite, elsewhere the lower portion of
this green sand is cemented by hydrated oxide of iron into
a coarse sandstone, which contains numerous fossils. Below
this is a deposit of finer quartz grains, and more Glauconite
and much clay and mica; associated with the above, in des-
cending order is a wet sandy stratum called quicksand,
(because it contains a large quantity of water), 8 feet thick,
succeeded by a blue earth, or Amber-earth, 3 to 4 feet thick,
fine grained and argillaceous. In this the Amber is found
abundantly, but irregularly distributed, occupying a narrow
zone, the pieces are of various sizes, usually small ; those
weighing half a pound being seldom found, and more rarely
larger ones of greater weight. The surfaces are worn and
rounded and bear little resemblance to their original form as
the liquid resin of a tree, formed between the bark and the
wood, or between the yearly rings of growth of the stem.
Fine impressions of the parts of the plants which produced
these Amber nodules can be distinguished on their surface.
Evidently then they were for a time subject to the action of
§ When Mar! contains a large admixture of green-sand, it forms what is called
firestone or Glauconite,
14
water before they were embedded in their clayey matrix.
Pieces of fossil wood are also associated with the Amber, when
any Amber isattached to the wood itself it is often so completely
penetrated by it, that it has the appearance of Amber filaments.
The following fossil shells occur in the Amber earth, at the
bottom of the quicksand, and in the overlying ferruginous
(Glauconite) sandstone, viz:—a species of Ostrea, Cardium
Pectunculus, Natica, Spatangus, Scutella, and Echinus, and
a crab, and abundant remains of Escharaand Cellepora. These
fossils determine the age of this Tertiary formation to be the
Eocene, or oldest period. The Amber itself it is evident, was
derivate and washed down probably by floods from the land
on which the Amber trees grew, into the sea and there de-
posited with the marine remains which are now associated with
it, although it seems probable that the land was not very far
from the shore where it was abundant. Above and below the
Amber earth only a few isolated pieces of Amber occur. In
the southern deposit the Amber earth is thicker, 20 feet at
least, and composed of two different layers, but here only the
upper ‘Amber earth’ and the ‘green sand’ agree with the
northern formation. The former is also further distinguished
from the latter, by containing no other fossils except sharks’
teeth which occur in the ‘ Amber bed, ’and by more abundant
pieces of Amber in the overlying strata. Professor Zaddach
also has proved that the Tertiary Glauconite was derived
from the green sand of the older Cretaceous formation, the
younger beds of which constitute a part of the Danish island
of Bornholm. He also shows that the trees which yielded
the Amber must have grown upon the Greensand beds of
the Cretaceous period, flourishing luxuriantly on the marshy
coast which then surrounded the great continent of Northern
Europe. Probably the temperature was then much higher
than it is now, and this even at that epoch extended to the
15
now frost bound Arctic regions, a fact which has been proved
by the remarkable plant remains of temperate climes which
have been recently discovered there. The Amber flora of the
Baltic area under review, contains northern forms associated
with plants of more temperate zones, and with others even
which live in much more southern ones. Thus Camphor trees
(Cinnamomum) occur with willows, birches, beech, and
numerous oaks; a species of Thuya, very similiar to the
American Thuya, occidentalis is the most abundant tree
amongst the Conifors, next in abundance Widdringtonia, a
great variety of Pines and Firs, including the Amber pine,*
thousands of these it is supposed by the professor might
already have perished, and while the wood decayed, the resin
with which the stem and branches wereloaded might have been
accumulated in large quantities, in bogs and lakes, in the soilof
the forest. Ifthe coast at that time was gradually sinking, the
sea would cover the land, in due course carry away the Amber
and masses of vegetable detritus into the ocean, where it was
deposited amidst the marine animals which inhabited it. But
in higher districts the Amber pines would still flourish, and so
Amber still continued to be washed into the sea and deposited
in the later formed Green Sand, and still later overlying forma-
tion of the ‘ Brown coal.’ In the Prussian district, now under
consideration, this newer Tertiary formation consists of (1) clay
(2) sand, and (3) brown coal, + No. 2 only contains Amber,
not so abundantly as in the Amber earth, not in regular layers,
but usually harder and therefore more valuable than the
richer deposit below. The Brown Coal flora differs from the
eS iT i 2 2 OR Sa a
* Tt is stated by Berendt, that the wood, blossoms, fruit, and needle leaves of the
Conifera have been detected in Amber, the latter very rarely, yet never
corresponding with any existing trees, and although the leaves differ greatly from
all known species, a microscopical examination of the wood, places it beyond all
doubt that the Amber tree was a Pinus. The Pinus Balsamea approaches nearest
to it in appearance, but the tree no longer exists.
+ My friend Sir C. Lyell considers the ‘ Brown Coal’ of the Rhine, to belong to
the newer Pliocene period, and probably all the Brown Coal elsewhere is of the
same age, and if so, much newer than the Glauconite, which contains the earliest
traces of Amber,
16
older Amber flora, probably owing as the professor thinks, to
a change which had already taken place in the climate of
Northern Europe. Many of the plants which occur in it are
not found living in the region now, though very similar to
the existing flora. The most numerous are Poplars, Alders,
Ash, and several varieties of Conifera. With these were
associated Gardenia, with fruit like a pea, a fig, Banksia, &c.
As the Brown Coal extends over other parts of Germany,
and elsewhere, and sometimes yields Amber, it will be
understood that this product is not by any means confined
to the Baltic area referred to in this paper, nor to the earlier
Tertiaries. It has been discovered in Russia, in the Province
of Grodno, and Italy, probably in Tertiary deposits of the
same age also in Africa, Brazil, and South America, but
whereabouts I am unable to state positively, but probably
derived from some one of the Tertiary formations. It has
been met with in Sweden, on the coast of the North Sea,
and may yet be discovered in many other localities, when
the stock is exhausted in the richer Baltic provinces, and the
demands of trade compel the dealers to search for it else-
where. Vast quantities are washed up on the shore near
Memel, also in the Baltic, in the extreme North-East, and
are thought to have been derived from certain Tertiary
deposits containing Amber, in the large adjacent region of
Russia and Poland, where Brown Coal containing Amber
has been discovered overlying true Chalk. Stores of Amber
still lie hidden in the interior of the country, and on the Baltic
coast, though much still is no doubt buried under the sea,
the Amber bearing stratum often lying too deep to be
attainable.
Besides the plants which are occasionaly found in Amber,
the most interesting and remarkable fossils, are the insects,
t Murchison's Quarterly Journal Geological Society, No. 97, Vol. 25, pt. 1, page 3.
17
which from their usually beautiful and perfect state of pre-
servation, are more interesting to the Entomoligist than the
more imperfect remains of this class contained in many other
and older formations, and are therefore more easily deter-
mined. As the flora of the inferior ‘ Amber earth,’ belonging
to the Glauconite series, differs from that of the superior and
newer Brown Coal, it is possible that many of the Insects
would also differ, while those in the African Amber would
present still greater diversity, and a more tropical character.
As a general rule, all the Tertiary insects have a more decided
European character, closely approximating to recent forms,
than the Carboniferous, Liassic, and Oolitic ones, and several
genera and species are still found living, though many are
extinct. From the lucid clearness and beautiful transpar-
ency of Amber, and its soft yellow colouring, the insect
remains can be most easily examined. It would seem that
they must have been caught suddenly by the liquid resin as
it oozed out of the pines, and thus were entombed alive,
which will account for their wonderful state of preservation.
Many of them no doubt were caught while on the trees, and
even the cunning spider, while watching for his prey, was
like the biter bit, enveloped also. Others may have been
embedded at the base of the trees, where the Amberous
exudation was unusually profuse. Crustacea are also recorded
in Amber, by Berendt, and certain of the class Myriapoda
to which the common Centipede, Scolopendra, and Iulus
belong, creatures which would abound amongst the decaying
wood, and in the hollows of the trees in the ancient Tertiary
forests of the period. When quickly enveloped, the insects
and other organic remains are well preserved, retaining their
natural colours and their more delicate parts. ‘Those which
died, and were long exposed to the air, are more or less
injured, and are surrounded with a white, mouldy covering,
18
which obscures them, and dis-colours the Amber. This is
especially the case in some of the Prussian Amber, but has
not been noticed in the Pomeranian, which is always bright
and clear. Dr. Burmeister states, that with respect to the
families, genera, and species of insects found in Amber, they
present a conformity in the majority of instances, with
existing forms and even an identity of species. No new forms
have been observed, and existing genera are readily recog-
nised, nor do they belong to our latitudes, though many forms
perfectly agree in this respect. This may especially be
affirmed of the smaller flies and gnats, but particularly in the
cockroaches, many beetles, and the majority of the Hymenop-
tera, the resemblance to exotic forms is still greater. Many
different species occur as in the present day, but only those
families are preserved in this fossil resin which are found in
woods or on trees, and scarcely ever water beetles. In the
order Coleoptera, among the Carabidz is a small Dromius,
and Germar has described another, which he calls Lebina
resinata. Of the Elateride is a genus very similar to Elater
cylindricus, and many smaller species. |Deperditores, two
species resembling Anobium, Atractocerus, and a Cantharis.
Heteromera, a small Opatrum allied to sabulosum. Also
a Mordella) The leg of a Capricorn beetle. The
Chrysomelide are more numerous, viz: a small, purple
shining Haltica, several Crioceris, and a few Gallerucide.
The Bostrychode are very numerous, viz:—a species of
Platypus, several Bostrychi and Opatra. The Curculionide
too, are tolerably abundant, particularly species of the genera
Phyllobius, Polydrusus, Thylacites, and some forms allied to
exotic groups. The Hymenoptera are very abundant, and
amongst them several Ichneumonide, a Sphex of the genus
Pepsis, resembling the American, and particularly the African
species. There is also a small Bee, which appears to belong
19
to the South American genus, Trigona. The ants are most
numerous in this order, particularly true Formice and
Myrmice, closely resembling European ones. One pecu-
liar form of antisanewone. Lepidopteraare great rarieties,
though a large Sphinx and several caterpillars are mentioned
by Berendt. The Diptera are extremely abundant, as Tabani,
Bombylii, Anthrax, Leptis, Empes; species of the genera
Musca, Anthomya, Scatophaga, Bibios, Tipula, and Limno-
bia, also an abundance of gnats.
Next to these the Neuroptera are the most frequent, among
which are the larva of a Myrmeleon, a small Hemerobius, a
Semblis and its larva, the more remarkable, as they all live
in water, and innumerable Phryganez. The genus Ephemera
also occurs. Among the Libellulide, the Termites are most
numerous, and two species of Psoci. In the order Orthoptera,
there are many Blattide, some of which are American forms,
and another had a greater resemblance to the Blatta
Germanica, common in the woods in Germany. Some
Achetz, large grasshoppers, and a small locust. In the
order Hemiptera are many Cicada, some Cimicide, and
even a Nepa is recorded. All the above specimens are pre-
served in Amber in the academical collections at Berlin and
Griefswald, and a few are recorded by Germar and
Berendt.*
In the British Museum, the following Amber Insects are
recorded by Mr. T. Smith, of the Entomological Depart-
ment.
A dipterous Insect belonging to the European genus,
Leptis and Echinomyia.
A species of the blind travelling ants (Formicide) of Africa,
being either Annomma rubella, or closely allied species, and
* Burmeister’s Manual of Entomology, page 575.
t Quarterly Journal of Science, April 1868,
20
another belonging to the African or South American genus,
Polyrhachis.
A Dipterous Insect belonging to a new genus of Muscide,
allied to the European genus Tachinus.
A clicking beetle belonging to the European genus Cardi-
ophorus, a Heteromerous Beetle allied to the genus Statira.
A species of the tropical family of Eumolpide. <A
species of Termes (white ants). A Spider belonging to the
family Attide.
At my request, Mr. Baly has kindly examined the Insects
in the small collection of Amber in the Warwick Museum,
and he gives the following list. Coleoptera: several speci-
mens belonging to the genera Scolytus, Bostichus, and Platy-
pus or allied forms.
Hymenoptera. Specimens of Formica, Myrmica, and a
small genus of Apide, a social Bee, allied to, if uot belong-
ing to the genus Apis.
Neuroptera. Many specimens of Raphidia, and also larve
and neuters of Termes.
Lepidoptera. A single specimen belonging to the family
Geometride.
Orthoptera. Several specimens of Blatta and Gryllus.
Diptera. Specimens of the genus Musca and others.
Arachnida. Several specimens, very imperfect.
He thinks the species are extinct, but all of European
forms.
My friend Professor Westwood informs me that in the
Taylor Museum at Oxford, are several Insects in Amber,
from Catania in Sicily, no doubt from some of the Tertiary
deposits there, but of what exact age, I can obtain no accu-
rate account ; nor are they referred to by Sir C. Lyell, who
only mentions a remarkable and comparitively recent marine
formation, with species of shells now living in the Mediter-
ranean. Mr. Westwood states that the Insects are very
21
interesting and different to those of the Baltic. I regret I
cannot add anything further about them. He also observes
that the Insects (Neuroptera and Hemiptera, &c.,) Crustacea
and Arachnida, figured and described by Berendt,
(‘ Organische Reste in Bernstein,’) are many of them very
like indeed to the Insects of the present time. They are
marvellously like recent ones, many being of the same genera,
and very few indeed out of the way forms, not more than I
should expect to see in a collection from the East coast of
Africa, or South America. On the other hand, the late Rev. F.
W. Hope, in a paper read before the Entomological Society
(of which he was President) in 1834, states it to be his opinion
that the Amber Insects are altogether extra European, many
of them belonging to tropical and temperate climes, while
some approach South American and Indian forms. He knew
of no existing species to which they were analogous, and are
therefore probably extinct. This opinion he had arrived at
by examination of a variety of specimens in the collections of
Germany and England, and he adds that several well known
Entomologists and Naturalists agreed with him. The sub-
stances therefore, enclosed in Amber, whether animal or
vegetable, agree with no existing species, the plants producing
it being extinct, and is therefore Geologically of remote
antiquity. There is, it will be seen, a considerable difference
in opinion as to the Insects in Amber, between two eminent
Entomologists which I merely state, leaving the Doctors to
disagree, which may, or may not be beneficial to the
constitution, but it is right this divergence should be noticed,
Mr. Hope mentions the tail of a Lizard enclosed in Amber
in the British Museum, and Lizards are found in Sicilian
Amber ; and at St. Gard in France, this substance is met
with in a bed of fossil wood, mixed with numerous shells
Anopullaria, (a marine shell), Paludina, (a freshwater shell)
22
and Helix, (a land shell.) This no doubt, belongs to the
Brown Coal.
A Scorpion is figured in Prussian Amber, by Schweigger,
a genus properly a native of warm climates, certainly never
occurring so far North as Dantzig. A new genus of spiders
described by the same writer, approaches in its characters a
southern, and probably an American type. Formica
Surinamensis, or at least one like it, has already been recog-
nised in Amber, and some Insects of the following genera
viz:—Gyrinus, Saperda; Hispa and Lamprosoma evince a
South American relationship, while the Blattide, and some of
the Hymenoptera resemble closely oriental species. The pres-
ence of Phryganea, Ephemera, Panorpa, and Leptura, and -
many other genera, indicate a northern climate. Perhaps, like
some of the Lias Insects, the latter were (as I have suggested)
brought down by streams from the higher regions of a
mountainous country adjacent. At all events, we may
conclude that the climate and temperature of Europe have
undergone considerable change, which other organisms tend to
prove, since the Tertiary period. The above examples of
tropical Insects testify that the Amber producing tree did
not vegetate under such a climate as that which Prussia,
especially the Baltic area, now enjoys. As one might
expect, the majority of the Amber Insects are Xylophagous.
Foreign writers on this subject, state that upwards of 200
species of Coleoptera are already known. Mr. Hope has
recognised and described 83 genera, and various others
uncharacterized, several of which belong to temperate
climates, and many which are probably tropical. The
major part of the insects, he adds, exhibit a close resemblance
to existing species, though as he before remarks, not
identical with them, and therefore extinct, and can be satis-
factorily classed under published genera. He gives a
23
copious list of the families, genera, and species to which
they may be referred, both in Amber and Anemé, among
which are many new species, and some new genera. The
latter gum is quoted chiefly from India. As this is a
comparatively modern substance, the new genera and
species, though previously unknown to Entomologists, might
very well be so, since numerous living forms in that vast
continent must be yet undiscovered, and there is no reason
to suppose that the new ones in Anemé are not still living
on the spot where it is formed.
The fossil Insects found abundantly in the freshwater
calcareous marl at Aix, in Provence, are many of them still
living in the vicinity, though probably of Eocene age, or
later. With reference to them, Mr. Curtis remarks that
‘they are all of European forms, and are referable to
existing genera, and there is nothing in the character of the
insects to warrant the supposition of a higher temperature
than that of the south of France.’*
It is necessary to be cautious about many of the fossils
stated to occur in Amber, because it appears from what
Professor Westwood tells me that much has been written
and many species described as Amber insects and plants,
which in fact were found in gum anemé, a modern deposit
going on at the present day. It exudes from the stem of a
North American tree, the ‘Rhus Copalina,’ so closely
resembling Amber, that only a practised eye could detect the
difference ; and of course the fossils embedded in it would be-
long to living genera and species. It is much to be regretted
* At page 100 of my work on ‘Fossil Insects,’ I have pointed out that the Purbeck
Insects are many of them allied to European forms, while the Lias are more nearly
related to those which now inhabit North America, and both bear an absolute
analogy to existing forms, which considering their age is remarkable, and so far
indeed the Insects even of more remote Geological epochs, and really of very
great antiquity, differ from the contemporary forms of animal life associated with
them, which are for the most part new and extinct. But though the Purbeck and
Lias Insects are thus allied to living European and North American forms, many
are new and cannot like the later Tertiary Insects, be absolutely identified with
species still in existence.
24
that the true Amber has in any way been mixed up with
this more recent gum, but there can be no doubt about the
age of the Amber-earth, from the Baltic referred to in this
paper. There are other kinds of resinous gum, viz : —gum
copal used in making varnish, and a gum which is derived
from modern fir trees, and all of recent vegetable origin, but
all may be distinguished chemically from one another,
Anemé is very transparent, copal differs from it by a faint
opalescence, and a pale greenish yellow tinge. True Amber
is derived from an extinct coniferous tree, perhaps from two
distinct trees, though probably a Pinus, like the living Pinus
Balsamea, and only existing in the earlier and later Tertiary
epochs. It does not soften when heated like the other gums.
This paper is by no means exhaustive. The literature
on this subject is very extensive, and I hope on a future
occasion to have access to some of the works, chiefly foreign
but well-known, and to make any additions which may tend
to increase our knowledge on this interesting question, and
to make this article more generally useful and complete.
The Annual Winter Meeting of the Warwickshire
Naturalists’ and Archzologists’ Field Club, was held in the
Museum Warwick, by kind permission of the Council of the
Warwickshire Natural History and Archeological Society,
on Monday, February 28th, 1871. The following papers
were read :—Fortified Coventry, a sketch of the past and
present condition of the defences, illustrated by plans and
drawings, by W. G. Tretton Esq. On the Oolitic Drift gravel
of Lutterworth, Kilworth, &c., by R. T. Musgrave, Esq. On
Trees by the Rev. W. Johnson. There was a large attendance
of members and several Ladies also were present.
25
The following is an abstract of the proceedings of the
W.N. & A. Field Club during the past year.
The First Summer Meeting of the Club was held at
Bromsgrove Lickey, on Tuesday, May 24th, 1871. Under the
guidance of Mr. Hemming, the party first inspected an old
Manor House near Barnt Green, thence to some old quarries
of Wenlock limestone, with a few fossils, to Colmar’s end
examining some interesting and instructive sections of altered
Llandovery sandstone en route. This sandstone forms the
main mass of these hills, and is for the most part converted
into Quartz Rock, indicating a line of eruption, and finally
graduates into an ordinary grit with characteristic fossils, a
few of which were obtained, here and there the Permian
pebble beds were traced in situ, dipping beneath the new
red sandstone. On the other side of Bromsgrove, several
quarries of lower Keuper sandstone were visited, one of
which affords a very fine section, amd contains numerous
imperfect remains of plants, chiefly impressions of a finely
striated stem, these occur forthe most part in the bottom
rock of fine micaceous sandstone of a grey and red colour,
thickly bedded. The deepest quarry is worked to a depth of
fifty feet at least. Many of the sandstones make an ex-
cellent building stone, and harden by exposure. The quarry
where the remarkable fish Dipteronotus was found, was
carefully searched, but no traces of bones or scales could be
discovered. The Lickey is the most eastern extension of
the Llandovery sandstone ; but a considerable portion of
these hills is composed of Permian Breccia. Some rare
plants occur there, such as Viola rubra, and the grass of
Parnassus, but were not noticed on this occasion.
The next Meeting being an excursion of three or four
days, took place at Woolhope, in Herefordshire, on Tuesday,
26
June 21st, under the able guidance of the Rev. F. Merewether,
Rector of Woolhope. The party had along walk to examine
an interesting and previously unknown mass of drift, near
Fownhope, visiting numerous quarries of Wenlock limestone,
shale and lower Ludlow rock, near Mordiford, returning
by Littlehope, to examine the Woolhope or lower Wenlock
limestone, largely quarried there. Very few fossils were
obtained. The following days were devoted to the ex-
amination of the Llandovery sandstone, at Haugh Wood and
the Wenlock quarries, and old red sandstone towards Sollers-
hope, the large and well-known quarries at Dormington,
and lastly the passage beds at Perton, where the Rev. P. B.
Brodie discovered a new and entire species of Eurypterus,
which has been described by Mr. Woodward and named
by him E. Brodiei. These junction beds between the old
red sandstone and the Silurians are of much interest, and
were shown by Mr. Brodie to have a much wider extension
round the Woolhope area than had been previously sus-
pected ; and are fully described by him in a paper lately
read at the Geological Society. Two exposures of
Llandovery sandstone, not generally known, were poitted out
by Mr. Merewether, N.W., and $. of Woolhope.
It was much to be regretted that the attendance of Mem-
bers was so limited, as there are few neighbourhoods which
can compete with this for the varied beauty of the scenery
and the interesting and instructive Geology.
The next Meeting was held at Alcester, on July 20th,
1870, and was entirely devoted to Archeology.
The last Meeting of the season was held at Lutterworth,
in Leicestershire, on Tuesday, August 16th, 1870. The
party consisting of about ten members, went first to New-
bold-on-Avon, to examine the few sections of Lower Lias
27
exposed there. The rest of the day was devoted to the
inspection of numerous and interesting gravel-pits at
Brocklehurst, Pailton, Monk’s Kirby, &e., consisting of
variable masses of Drift both above and below the Boulder
Clay, in some places fine and sandy, and at other,
made up of coarser materials, with much irregular bedding
containing boulders of rocks of all ages, mostly from the
north, with large square blocks of Lias, full of fossils,
boulders of syenite, probably from Charnwood Forest, trap,
chalk, flints, oolite, and many other formations. No marine
or fresh-water shells have been discovered in any of this
Drift, which for the most part covers the whole of this
district, and entirely conceals the Lias beneath which only
can be seen on the Midland Railway at Coal-pit Lane. An
exceedingly fine church lately restored at Monk’s Kirby was
visited, and Lutterworth Church also restored, but not so
striking as the former, though of special interest, because
the great Reformer Wycliffe was formerly Rector of the
parish.
28
Additions to the Museum and Library.
GEOLOGY.
DONATIONS.
Pullastra (Cloacina) arenicola. Canal, Copt Heath, Knowle. Presented
by Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Cerithiam Brodiei (Tate) Middle Lias, Aston Magna. Presented
by Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Series of Fossils, from the Lower Cambrian and Silurian beds of St.
Davids, Pembroke, &c., &e. Presented by H. Hicks, Esq., St. David's
and J. W. Kirshaw, Esq.
MISCELLANEOUS.
DONATIONS.
A Cabinet of Casts of Seals, principally Warwickshire, collected by
the late C. Durnford Greenway, Esq. Presented by the Miss
Greenways.
A Pix, probably of the 14th century. Presented by the Miss
Greenways.
LIBRARY.
DONATIONS.
Proceedings of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archeologists’ Field
lub for 1870. Presented by that Society.
LIBRARY.
PURCHASES.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol.6and 7. 4th series.
Camden Society’s Publications:—
No. 103. Debates in the House of Lords, 1621.
No. 104. The Camden Miscellany. Vol. 6.
Geological Magazine, 70 to 81.
Palzontographical Society’s Publications :—
Vol. 24.--Carboniferous Flora. Part II.
Cretaceous Echinadermata. Vol.1, Part IV.
Fossil Brachiopoda Silurian. Part VII. No. 4.
Eocene Mollusca. Part IV. No. 3. Bivalve.
Mesozoei Mammalia.
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30
OEFLC ER S« OF “THE, 80 CIETY.
1870—71.
annaeen tan cet ttng et teeta geet tan gnetan set ang ete, ott hag ate. ae tmen et tee at
PATRON.
Tue Ricgut HonorsABLeE THE EARL OF WARWICK.
PRESIDENT.
Epwarp Greaves, Esq, M.P.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
Tue Rigat Honoraste THE Eart or AYLESFORD.
Cuartes Horte Bracesriper, Esa.
Watter Henry Bracesrivas, Esq.
Tue Rieut Honoraste Lorp Dormer.
JAMES Ducpate, Esa.
Tue Ricut HonorasLe THE Eart or CAMPERDOWN.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S.
Tue Rigor Honorasce Lorp Lerten, F.Z.S.
Grorce Lioyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S.
Smr Gerorce RicHarp Parties, Barr.
Marx Puiuips, Esa.
Evetyn Puitie Sairiey, Esq., F.S.A.
JoHn Sraunton Esq.
Tur Riaut Honoraste Lorp WILLOUGHBY DE BROKE.
Henry CuristoPpHeR Wiser, Esq., M.P.
HONORARY SECRETARIES.
Toe Rev. Peter Betiincer Bropiz, M.A., F.G.S.
JoHN WitiiaAm KirsHaw, F.G.S.
ol
HONORARY CURATORS.
Geology and Alineralogy.
The REV. P.B. BRODIE, M.A., F.GS. JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G:S.
GEORGE LLOYD, Ese., M.D., F.G.S. R. F. TOMES, Ese., F.Z.S.
Dotany.
FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Esq., F.B.S.E. | F. E. KITCHENER, Esq., F.L.S.
aoology.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq, M.D., F.G.S. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esq., F.Z.S.
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A.
Entomology.
THE REV. W. BREE. | J. S. BALY, Esq., F.L.S., MLE.S.
Archeology.
MATTHEW HOLBECHEBLOXAM, Esa. | JOHNFETHERSTON, Jon., Esq., F.S.A.
P, O’CALLAGHAN, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A,
AUDITOR.
KELYNGE GREENWAY, Esq.
COUNCIL.
The PATRON THOMAS COTTON Esq.
The PRESIDENT MAJOR GENERAL JOHN H. FREER
The VICE-PRESIDENTS THE REY. PHILIP 8S. HARRIS
The HONORARY SECRETARIES THOMAS LLOYD, Esa,
The HONORARY CURATORS W. H. PARSEY, Esq., M.D.
The TREASURER JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS, Esq.
The AUDITOR THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Ese.
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. THOMAS THOMSON, Esq. M.D.
The REV. WILLIAM BREE JOHN TIBBITS, Esq., M.D.
32
LIST OF MEMBERS,
1871.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
?
Tue Rev. Apam Sepewick, B.D., F.RS., F.LS., F.G.S.
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of
Cambridge, gc.
Rogert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.SS. L. & E., F.R.C.P.E,
F.L.S., F.G.S , F.Z.S., Professor of Comparative Anatomy
and Zoology at the University College, London, §e.,
Grafton Place, Euston Square, London.
Joun Putties, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., Professor of
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University of
Oxford, sc, Oxford.
LizvTENANT-CoLoneL WirrttAm Henry Sykes, M.P.
F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde
Park, London.
SamvuE. Bircu, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Keeper of Oriental
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of the
Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin,
Gottingen, Herculaneum, &c., §¢.
Apert Way, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the “ Comité des
Arts et Monuments, Wouham, near Reigate, Surrey.
GrorGeE Lioyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham Heath.
33
MEMBERS.
THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS.
wee
The Right Honourable Earl of Aylesford, Packington
Hall, Vice-President.
W. A. Adams, Esq., Newbold Beeches, Leamington.
Henry Baly, Esq., M.P.S., Warwick.
J. §. Baly, Esq., F.L.S., M.E.S., Warwick, Member of
Council.
Richard Barnett, Esq., Coten End, Warwick.
William Betts, Esq., No. 4, Clarendon Place, Leamington.
Matthew Holbeche, Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator.
*Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice-
President.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq., Moreville House, Sher-
bourne, Vice-President.
Rev. William Bree, Allesley, near Coventry, Member of
Council.
The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., Rowington,
Hon. Secretary and Curator.
John Coulson Bull, Esq., Leamington.
Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick.
The Right Honourable the Ear! of Warwick, Warwick
Castle, Patron.
William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrooke Grange, near
Rugby.
P. O’Callaghan, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A., Leamington,
Member of Council.
Henry Chance, Esq., Sherbourne, Warwick.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Clarendon, the Grove,
Watford.
Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick.
54
Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick.
John M. Cooke, Esq., Warwick.
Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth,
Member of Council.
Thomas Bellamy Dale, Esq., Warwick.
The Right Honourable Lord Dormer, Grove Park, Vice-
President.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Camperdown, Vice-
President.
James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Vice-President.
John Fetherston, Junr., Esq., F.S.A., Packwood House,
Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator.
Major General John Harbidge Freer, Kenilworth, Member
of Council.
Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill.
*Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P., Avonside, Barford, Vice-
President and Treasurer.
Mrs. Greaves, The Cliffe, Warwick.
Miss Greenway, Warwick.
Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
The Rev. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road,
Leamington.
The Rev. H. Hayman. D.D., Rugby.
Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury,
London, W.C.
Sir Robert N. C. Hamilton, Bart., K.C.B., Avon Cliff,
Stratford-on-Avon.
The Rev. Philip S. Harris, Leicester Hospital, Warwick,
Member of Council.
Mellor Hetherington, Esq., Edston Hall.
Thomas Heath, Esq., Warwick.
Richard Child Heath, Esq., Warwick.
William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon.
35
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S., Loxley House,
Vice-Fresident.
F. E. Kitchener, Esq., Rugby, F.L.S. -
Miss Kimberly, Warwick.
John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary
and Hon. Curator.
Thomas Lloyd, Esq., the Priory, Warwick, Member of
Council.
The Right Honourable Lord Leigh, F.Z.S., Stoneleigh
Abbey, Vice-President.
The Rev. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy.
Philip Wykeham Martin, Esq., M.P., Leeds Castle, Kent.
Mr. James Mallory, Warwick.
John Moore, Esq., Warwick.
George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick.
Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick.
T. N. G. Newton, Esq., Barrels, Henley-in-Arden.
The Rev. Charles Palmer, M.A., Lighthorne, near Kineton.
' William Henry Parsey, Esq. M.D., Hatton, Member of
Council.
Arthur Wellesly Peel, Esq., M:P., Sandy, Bedfordshire.
The Rev. John Louis Petit, M.A., F.S.A., No. 9, New
Square, Lincoln’s Inn, London, W.C.
Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President.
Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-
President.
The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., Beauchamp Terrace East,
Leamington.
Josiah Yeomans Robins, Esq., Myton, Member of Council.
The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth.
Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., Irlam Lodge, Warwick Place,
Leamington, Member of Council.
36
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F.S.A., Eatington Park, near
Stratford upon-Avon, Vice-President.
William Smith, Esq., Warwick.
John Staunton Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council.
Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace,
Leamington, Vice-President.
John Tibbits, Esq., M.D., Warwick, Member of Council.
Robert Fisher Tomes, Pa F.Z.S., Welford, near Strat-
ford-on-Avon, Hon Curator.
The Rey. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon. Curator.
Frederick Townsend, Esq, M.A., F.B.S.E., Oakfield,
Leamington, Hon. Curator.
James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford-
upon-Avon.
*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bedworth,
George Williams, Esq., Haseley.
The Right Honourable Lord Willoughby-de-Broke,
Compton Verney, Vice-President.
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek
Wootton, Vice-President.
J. Wimbridge, Esq., Warwick.
Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby.
The Rev. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash.
1836—1853
1853—1871
1836—1837
1837—1838
1838—1839
1839—1840
1840—1841
1841—1842
1842—1843
1843—1844
1844—1845
1845—1846
1846—1847
1847—1818
1848—1849
1849—1850
1850—1851
1851—1852
1852—1853
1853—1854
1854—1855
1855—1856
1856—1857
1857—1858
1858—1859
1859—1860
1860—1861
1861—1862
1862—1863
1863—1864
1864—1865
1865—1866
1866—1867
1867—1868
1868—1869
1869—1870
1870—1871
1871—1872
37
List of Patrons and Presidents,
From 1836 tro 1872.
PATRONS.
The Right Honourable Henry Richard Greville, Earl
Brooke and Earl of Warwick, K.T., LL.D.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl
Brooke and Earl of Warwick.
PRESIDENTS.
Chandos Leigh, Esq., F.H.S.
Sir John Mordaunt, Bart., M.P.
Sir John Eardley Eardley Wilmot, Bart., M.P., F.R.S.
William Holbeche, Esq., F.G.S.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Lord
Brooke.
Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq.
William Staunton, Esq.
Sir Francis Lawley, Bart., F.H.S., F.Z.S.
Sir Gray Skipworth, Bart.
The Most Honourable Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton.
Sir John Robert Cave Browne Cave, Bart.,
Marquess of Northampton, D.C.L., PREesmpentT RB.S.,
F.S.A., Hoy. M.R.1.A., F.G-S8.
Evelyn J ohn Shirley, Esq. ., M.P.
The Honourable William Henry Leigh.
Sir Theophilus Biddulph, Bart.
Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq.
Mark Philips Esq.,
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq.
John Staunton, Fsq.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq.
Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq.
The Right Honourable Lord Leigh, F.Z.S.
Eyelyn Philip Shirley, Esq.
The Rev. Vaughan Thomas, B.D.
Sir George Richard Philips, Bart.
Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P.
Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P.
John Staunton, Esq.
John Staunton, Esq.
Richard Greaves, Esq.
Richard Greaves, Esq.
James Cove Jones, Hsq., F.S.A., M.N.S.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.8.A., M.N.S.
James Dugdale, Esq.
James Dugdale, Esq.
Edward Greaves Esq., M.P.
Edward Greaves Hsq., M.P.
38
The Meetings of the Council are held on the First
Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January, and
the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Easter week.
The Museum is open daily to the Members and their
Friends, from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Eleven
o'clock to Four between the First of November and the
last day of February.
Non-Subscribers are admitted on payment of an
admission fee of sixpence each.
The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on
Mondays and Tuesdays.
The Annual Subscriptions for 1871 are due on the 24th
day of May, and the Council request that the Subscribers
will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at the Bank of
Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, Warwick ; or to
Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of Subscrip-
tions, Leicester Street, Leamington. ,
PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK,
WARWICKSHIRE
» NATURAL HISTORY
SES OE
tae eyo
ry > Y
(
WARWICKSHIRE
NATURAL HISTORY
ARCHAOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
ESTABLISHED MAY 24th, 1836.
THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE COUNCIL TO THE SUBSCRIBERS,
READ AT THE
ANNIVERSARY MEETING, APRIL 5, 1872.
In presenting the annual report, the Council congratu-
late the Members on the continued prosperity of the
Society.
Some valuable additions have been made to the Museum
and Library, by donation and purchase, during the past
year.
The Geological Curators have been gradually re-arrang-
ing a portion of the collection of Organic Remains, and
some of the new cases are already nearly filled, and a small
but judicious annual outlay in specimens and cabinets, when
required, with the aid also of friendly donations, will soon
make the entire Geological collection most valuable and
instructive, and one of the best out of London. At present
the collections of Natural History and Geology form a good
educational medium for all classes, and it is of the utmost
importance to maintain and increase its efficiency.
2
The fine example of the ‘‘ Megacerus”—‘“ Fossil deer of
Treland,” from Lough Gur, near Limerick, which was pre-
sented to the Society by the late Richard Greaves, Esq., is
now placed in the Geological room of the Museum.
A remarkably fine head, not quite perfect, of a gigantic
Ichthyosaurus, from the upper Lias of Whitby, and two
Casts of the skulls of a large-sized Labyrinthodon, from
the Keuper of Germany, have been presented to the Society.
Owing to the increase of accommodation upstairs, it is
now hoped that some new cabinets will be added to the
Geological room, in which the increasing collection can be
placed, and which will render the whole less crowded than
it is at present. It is impossible to arrange such a collec-
tion properly, and for the same reason it is much less
profitable than it otherwise would be for all purposes of
general instruction.
Though some of the desiderata have been filled up, there
are several formations which are still very defective,
amongst which may be enumerated the following:—The
Eocene Tertiaries, especially those of Ryde, Cowes, Sconce,
Headon Hill, Hordwell, Barton, and Bracklesham. London
Clay Fossils, from Sheppey and Bognor, Upper and Lower
Greensand, Great Oolite, Devonian and Lower Silurian will
be very acceptable. The aid of the members is particularly
requested in procuring fossils from the County, especially
those of the Lias, Keuper, and Permian, as it should be the
chief aim of all local Museums to have as fine a suite as
possible from the strata which occur in the immediate
neighbourhood, and this the Warwickshire Natural History
Society has endeavoured to carry out.
ARCHAOLOGY.
The Roman Coffin, found in the excavation for the
3
railway near Alcester, which was purchased for the Society,
has been set up at the entrance-door of the Museum.
BRITISH MAMMALIA.
Although no addition has been made to the British
Mammals since last year, we devote this paragraph to the
collection, hoping that we may thereby meet with assistance
in its completion. Unlike British Birds, which migrate,
and which therefore in some species can only be obtained as
stragglers, the Mammals are resident, and though some are
rarer than others, all may be obtained with tolerable
certainty, by those residing in such parts of the country as
they are known to inhabit. With the exception of the
marine species, such as the Whales and Porpoises, there
are none which might not take their place in our collection
of British fer. We have already some of the largest of the
land animals, as the Red Deer and Roebuck, both presented
by Edward Greaves, Esq. A mounted specimen of the
Fallow Deer, and of the two kinds of Martin, te. the
yellow breasted and the white breasted Martin, would go
far towards the completion of the terrestrial Mammalia of
Great Britain. We earnestly hope that some friends to
this Institution will kindly furnish one or other of these
desiderata. Of the smaller kinds, such as the Shrews and
Bats, a few kinds are wanting, but these the Curators
believe they shall before long be able to supply.
ENTOMOLOGY.
The Entomological collection is in the course of arrange-
ment in the New Cabinet, the Aculeate Hymenoptera,
occupying nine drawers, are already arranged, and the
arrangement of the Coleoptera is commenced.
The majority of scientific Entomologists residing in or
near London, have confined their researches principally to
4
the Metropolitan district, or to the Southern counties of
England ; consequently the Midland counties present an
almost unworked field, which must contain very many
interesting novelties.
Warwickshire from its high state of cultivation has but
few waste spots, on which Insects usually abound, but its
varied soil and numerous woods will doubtless yield great
results to the efforts of a zealous collector. Those of our
members living in the country are earnestly solicited to
preserve and forward to our Curators any specimens that
may fall in their way. Lepidoptera may be captured in
pill-boxes, and killed by means of a few drops of Chloroform,
Coleoptera and other orders should be put into a bottle in
which has been previously placed a small quantity of
bruised laurel leaves, the prussic acid contained in the
leaves not only very quickly killing the Insects, but also
preserving them fresh, and in a state for setting for a
considerable length of time.
ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION.
When the repairs of the Museum were brought to a close,
the room containing the collection underwent a thorough
cleaning, and the specimens were taken out, examined,
carefully cleaned, and returned to the cases. The windows
of the rooms, the approaches to which were awkwardly
blocked up with cases, were relieved of their obstructions,
the specimens which were in these cases being transported
to their proper places in the series to which they respectively
belonged. But the most important change which has been
made in this department, is the separation of the British
from the Exotic species. In nearly all the extensive
Natural History Museums in Europe the native species
are now fostered as a distinct collection. Such has lately
5
been the case in our National Museum, and whereas the
observer had before this change to seek laboriously through
thousands of birds, from every clime, for the isolated
specimens which had formed the collection of some
celebrated Naturalist,—as for instance that of Colonel
Montague,—he may now see them all placed side by side
in the gallery devoted to British Zoology. And with them
he may also see ranged the gems from the collection of the
late Mr. Yarrell, The advantage of such an arrangement
is obvious.
It has been observed, with great truth, “that you cannot
vie with the larger Museums in a general collection, but
you may eacel them if you confine yourselves to a purely
local collection.” Fully agreeing with this opinion, the
Hon. Curators, while enlarging the collection of British
Birds, purpose to do so, as much as possible, by means of
specimens obtained in Warwickshire, or the contiguous
Counties. They offer these remarks in the hope that the
friends of the Institution will assist them in carrying out
their views, by donation of some of the species forming the
following list of desiderata:—
Order 1. Accipitress, Linn.
Egyptian Vulture ... ... Neophron Percnopterus (Linn.)
Griffon Vulture ee Gyps fulous (Gmel)
Rough-legged Buzzard ... Archibuteo Lagopus (Briin.)
Spotted Eagle ... ... ... Aquila nevia (Gmel.) Mey
Jer-falcon ... ... ... «.. Faleo Gyrfalco, Linn.
Red-footed Falcon ... ... Tinnunculus vespertinus (Linn.)
Swallow-tailed Kite... ... Wauclerus fereatus (Linn.) Vigors.
Goshawk ... ... ... ... Astur palwmbarius (Linn.) Bechst.
Montagu’s Harrier ... ... Circus cinerascens (Mont.)
Hawk Owl es a. Surnia ulula (Linn.) Bonap.
SnowyOwl[Brit.Specimen.] Nyctea nivea (Thunb.)
Little Owl... ... ... _... Athene noctua (Retz.)
Great-earedOwl[female]... Bubo maximus, Sibb.
Tengmalm’s Owl... ... Nyetale Tengmalmi (Gmel.) Strickl.
6
Order 2. Passeres, Cuv.
Alpine Swift ... ... ... Cypselus Melba, Linn.
Roller ay ... Coracias garrula, Linn.
Bee-eater [ Brit. Specimen. ] Merops Apiaster (Linn.)
Dartford Warbler... Sylvia undata (Bodd.)
Garden Warbler [female]... Sylvia hortensis (Penn.)
Fire-crested Regulus ... Regulus ignicapillus, Brehm.
Plain-crowned Kinglet ... Regulus proregulus (Pall.)
BlackRedstart{ Brit.specim. | Ruticilla tithys (Scop )
Blue-throated Warbler ... Cyanecula suecica, Linn.
Alpine Accentor ... ... Accentor alpinus, Gmel. Bechst.
Crested Tit vee ee eee Porus cristatus, Linn.
White Wagtail... ... ... Motacilla alba, Linn. [vera.]
Grey-headed Wagtail ... Motacilla flava, Linn.
Rock Pipit... ... ... .... Anthus spinoletta (Linn.)
Richard’s Pipit... ... ... Anthus Richardi (Vieill.)
White’s Thrush... ... ... Turdus varius, Horsf
Rock Thrush... ... ... Zurdus saxatilis, Linn.
Golden Oriole ...... .... Oriolus Galbula, Linn.
Golden-vented Thrush... Pyenonotus aurigaster, (Vieill.)
Gt. Ash-color’d Shrike pee Evxicubitor, Linn.
Woodchat Shrike ... ... Hnneoctonus refus (Briss.)
Nutcracker S Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linn.) Briss.
Rose-color’ dOuzel[Britspec. |Pastor roseus (Linn.) Temm.
Red-winged Starling ... Agelaius pheniceus (Linn.) Vieill.
Mountain Linnet ... ... Fringilla flavirostris, Linn.
Cirl Bunting... ... ... Hmberiza Cirlus, Linn.
Ortolan Bunting... ... Emberiza hortulana, Linn.
Lapland Bunting ... ... Plectrophanes lapponicus (Linn.) Selb.
Short-toed Lark ... ... Alauda brachydactyla, Temm.
Crested Lark ... ... ... Alauda cristata, Linn.
Shore Lark... ... ... ... Octocoris alpestris (Linn.)
Parrot Cross-bill ... ... Lowia pityopsittacus, Bechst.
White-winged Cross- pill ... Lowia leucoptera, Gmel.
pider 3. Scansores, Ill.
American Cuckoo ... ... Coceyzus americanus (Linn.)
Great spotted Cuckoo ... Oxylophus glandarius (Linn.
Order 4. Columbee, Lath.
Rock Dove... ... ... ... Columba Livia, Briss.
Passenger Pigeon ... ... Ectopistes migratorius (Linn.) Swains.
Order 5. Galline, Linn.
Barbary Partridge ... ... Caccabis petrosa (Lath.)
Andalusian Hemipode ... Turnix gibraltaricus (Gmel.) Gould.
Virginian Colin... ... ... Ortyx virginianus (Linn.) Gray.
Order 6. Struthiones, Lath.
Great Buzzard... ... ... Otis trada, Linn.
Little Buzzard ...
Great Plover ... ...
Cream-coloured Courser ...
Kentish Plover...
Uranie Sao cet, aks
Great White Heron ...
Squacco Heron... ...
Buffed-backed Heron
Spoon-bill ...
White Stork
Black Stork...
Spotted Redshank
Wood Sandpiper
ALVOCE EE Pte, Os
Black-winged Stilt
Schintz’s Sandpiper ...
Pectoral Sandpiper ...
Brown Snipe
Sabine’s Snipe... ...
Red-necked Phalarope
Ballion’s Crake...
Little Crake
Order
i
. Otis tetrax, Linn.
7. Gralle, Linn.
(idicnemus ecrepitans, Temm.
Cursorius gallicus (Gmel.)
. Charadrius Cantianus, Lath.
... Grus cinerea, Bechst.
.. Ardea alba, Gmel.
Egret [British specimen].
Ardea Gazetta, Linn.
. Ardea Comata, Pall.
.. Ardea Coromanda, Bodd.
.. Platalea leucorodia, Linn.
... Ciconia alba, Briss.
... Ciconia nigra, Bechst.
. Totanus Stagnalis, Bechst.
. Totanus Glareola, (Linn.) Temm.
.. Recurvirostra Avocetta, Linn.
. Himantosus Candidus, Bonn.
Buff-breasted Sandpiper ...
Broad-billed Sandpiper ...
Tringa refescens, Vieill.
Tringa platyrhyncha, Temm.
. Tringa Schinzii, Brehm.
. Tringa Pectoralis, Say.
_, Macroramphus griseus, (Gmel.) Leach.
... Gallinago Sabini, Vigors.
... Phalarophus hyperboreus (Linn.) Cuvier.
. Ortygometra pygme, Nawn.
. Ortygometra minuta, Pall.
Order 8. Anseres, Linn.
Spur-winged Goose ...
Common Wild Goose
White-fronted Goose
Pink-footed Goose
Bernicle Goose ... 4
Red-breasted Goose ...
Polish Swan . i
Whistling Swan
Bewick’s Swan ...
American Swan.
Ruddy Shieldrake
American Wigeon
Bimaculated Duck ...
Gadwall
... Plectopterus gambensis, (Linn.) Steph.
.. Anser ferus, Gesn.
, Anser Erythropus, (Linn.) Flem.
... Anser Brachyrhynchus, Baill.
... Bernicla leucopsis, (Bechst.)
... Bernicla ruficollis (Pall.) Steph.
... Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrell.
.. Cygnus ferus, Ray.
... Cygnus minor, Pall.
... Cygnus americanus, Sharpless.
... Casarka rutila, Pall.
... Mareca americana (Gmel.) Steph.
... Querquedula bimaculata, Penn.
Chaulelasmus strepera, Linn.
Red-crested Whistling Duck Branta rufina (Pall.) Boie.
Scaup Pochard ...
Ferruginous Duck
Harlequin Garrot
Long-tailed Hareld ...
King Duck
Surf Scoter
Fuligula Marila (Linn.) Steph.
.. Nyroca leucophthalma (Bechst.) Flem.
... Clangula histrionica (Linn.) Steph.
. Harelda glacialis (Linn.) Leach.
Steller’s Western Duck ...
: . Somateria spectabilis (Linn.) Steph.
. Oidemia perspicillata (Linn.) Steph.
Eniconetta Stelleri, Pall.
Red-breasted Merganser ...
... Prodiceps grisegena (Bodd.) Lath.
. Prodiceps Cornuius (Gmel.) Lath.
. Alea impennis, Linn.
.. Puffinus Anglorum, Ray.
. Puffinus cinereus, Gmel.
. Thalassidroma oceanica, Kuhl.
.. Thalassidroma Leachii, Temm.
.. Thalassidroma Bulweri (J. & 8.) Gould.
.. Stercorarius cephus, Brin.
... Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linn.
. Laurus glaucus, Brin.
.. Laurus leucopterus, Faber.
... Laurus minutus, Pall,
.. Xema Sabini, Leach.
.. Pagophila eburnea (Gmel.) Kaup.
... Sterna caspia, Pall.
. Sterna anglica, Mont.
. Sterna cantica, Gul.
Red-necked Grebe
Sclavonian Grebe
Great Auk...
Manx Shearwater
Cinereous Shearwater
Wilson’s Petrel... ...
Forked-tailed Petrel...
Bulwer’s Petrel...
Buffon’s Squa
Common Squa ...
Glaucous Gull ...
Iceland Gull
Little Gull...
Sabine’s Gull
Ivory Gull...
Caspian Tern... ...
Gulled Lilled Tern ...
Sandwith Tern ...
8
Mergus Serrator, Linn,
Roseate Tern... ... ... Sterna paradisea, Brin.
White-winged BlackTern... Hydrocheidon nigra, Linn.
Black Noddy . Anous stolidus (Linn.) Catesby.
BOTANY.
The Council report, with much pleasure, that sufficient
money has been raised to purchase the valuable Herbarium
collected by the late Mr. Perry, and the thanks of the
Society are due to those friends who have presented it
to the Museum. Through the exertions of the Rev. C. F.
Thorneville, lately resident for a short time in Warwick,
the Collection has been carefully examined, a report drawn
up on the condition of the specimens, and a list made out
of the desiderata.
tion the best mode of arranging the Herbarium, and of
The Council have now under considera-
rendering its contents available for the use of such Botani-
cal students as may wish to consult it.
LIBRARY.
An opportunity occured to purchase a very good copy of
the second edition of Dugdale’s Antiquities of Warwickshire,
by Dr. Thomas, of which the Council availed themselves,
considering that it was very desirable to have it in the
Library for reference.
9
A Catalogue of Books in the Library has been made, to
the 3lst December, 1867, and a copy was sent to each
Member.
The Council will be glad to receive presents of any works
of Local interest, for the Library.
Any member wishing to take a Book from the Library,
is particularly requested to see that an entry is made in the
book kept for that purpose, which is on the Library table.
The date must also be entered when the book is returned.
Before Members are allowed to take Books out of the
Library, a deposit of ten shillings is required. Some of
the Books cannot be taken away from the Library.
The Accounts for the year have been audited, and the
General Financial Statement, to March 31st, 1872, is
appended to this report.
The Museum, now containing a valuable and well-
arranged collection of Natural History, Geology, and
Antiquities, as well as a Library, which, though not
extensive, contains many works of cost and value, is highly
creditable to the Town and County of Warwick, and
deserves a much greater amount of support than it has of
late years received. An excellent foundation has been
laid, but much might be effected if adequate means were
placed at the disposal of the Council. Owing to the losses
by death, of several subscribers during the past year, and
the small number of additional members, the funds of the
Society are in a less satisfactory condition than could be
desired. A reference to the list of subscribers will show
that only a few of the rich and influential residents in the
County belong to the Society. If the members would
solicit annual subscriptions from their friends and neigh-
bours, it is probable that a considerable addition would be
made to the tunds of the Society.
10
During the last winter season, the Museum has been
lighted up, and opened on each Wednesday Evening, and
Four Evening Lectures have been given, which were well
attended.
The First Lecture in November, 1871, was given by
Captain R. D. Knight, on the Use of the Microscope.
The Second in December, 1871, by Mr. J. T. Burgess, on
Warwick Castle, in the time of the Kingmaker.
The Third in January, 1872, by the Rev. J. Reynolds
Young, M.A., on Natural History, for beginners and
amateurs.
The Fourth in February, 1872, by Mr. Robert Fisher
Tomes, on Mammalia.
An account of the monies received and expended in the
Lighting and Lectures, &c., is given with this report, and it is
hoped that the interest may be maintained, and the Museum
made more useful in the Winter evenings.
11
At the Annual Meeting of the Society which was held at
the Museum, Warwick, on Friday, April 5th, 1872,
M. H. Bloxam, Esq., F.S.A., read the concluding paper on
“ Warwickshire, during the Civil Wars of the Seventeenth
Century.”
I concluded my last notice of the Civil Wars in War-
wickshire, with an account of that great, though undecisive
battle fought under the Edge Hills, near Kineton. I shall
now proceed to supplement that account by the relation
of an Officer in the Parliamentary Army, who, though not
actually in the battle, was with other forces coming up
from the west to join the army of the Earl of Essex. It
was in the year 1827, now 45 years ago, that I transcribed
this account from the collection of Pamphlets in the British
Museum, relating to the Civil Wars of the seventeenth
century. This account is entitled,—
“A full and true Relation of the great Battle fought
between the King’s army and his Excellency the Earle of
Essex, upon the 23 of October last past (being the same
day twelve moneth that the Rebellion broke out in
Ireland), sent in a letter from Captain Edward Kightley,
now in the Army, to his friend Mr. Charles Latham, in
Lombard Street, London. Wherein may bee clearely
seene what reason the Cavaliers have to give thankes for
the victory which they had over the Parliament’s Forces.”
“London: Printed, November the 4, 1642.”
‘“* Loving Cousin,—I shall make so near as I can, a true,
though long relation of the battell fought betweene the
King’s Army and our Army, under the conduct and com-
mand of my Lord Generall.
“On Saturday, October 22, our Forces were quartered
very late, and did lie remote one from the other, and my
12
Lord General did quarter in a small villiage, where the
battel was fought, in the field called Great Kings field,
taking the name from a Battell there fought by King John
as they say. On Sunday, the 23 of October, about one of
clocke in the afternoone, the battell did begin, and it con-
tinued untill it was very darke; the field was very great
and large, and the King’s forces came down a great and
long hill, hee had the advantage of the ground and wind,
and they did give a brave charge, and did fight very
valiently ; there were 15 Regiments of Foot and 60
Regiments of Horse. Our Horse were under 40 Regiments,
and our Foot 11 Regiments. My Lord Generall did give
the first?charge, presented them with two pieces of Ordnance,
which killed many of their men; and then the enemy did
shoot one to us, which fell twenty yards short, in plowed land,
and did no harme; our Souldiers did many of them run
away, to wit, blew Coats and grey Coats, being two
Regiments, and there did runne away 600 horse. I was
quartered five miles from that place, and heard not any
thing of it untill one of the clocke in the afternoone. I
hasted thither with Serjeant-Major Duglis’s troope ard
overtooke one other troope, and when I was entering into
the field I think 200 horse came by me with all the
speed they could, out from the Battell, saying that
the King had the Victory, and that every man cried for
God and King Charles. I entreated, prayed, and per-
suaded them to draw up in a body with our troopes,
for we saw them fighting, and the field was not lost, but
no persuasions would serve, and then I turning to our
three troopes, two of them were runne away, and of my
troope I had not six and thirtie men left, but they were
likewise runne away. I stayed with those men I had,
13
being in a little field, and there was a way through, and
divers of the enemy did runne that way, both horse and
foote. I tooke away about tenne or twelve horse, swords,
and armour. I could have killed 40 of the enemy, I let
them pass, disarming them, and giving the spoil to my
Troopers. The armies were both in a confusion, and I
could not fall to them without an apparent losse of myself
and those few which were with me. The powder which
the enemy had was blowne up in the field, the enemy ran
away as well as our men. God did give the victory to us,
there are but three men of note slain of ours, namely my
Lord Saint John, Colonell Essex, and one other Captaine,
whose name I have forgot; Captain Fleming is either
slaine or taken prisoner, and his Cornet, he had not one
officer which was a souldier, his waggon and money is lost,
and divers of the Captaine’s money are lost to great value,
our Foote and Dragoneers were the greatest pillagers; wee
had the King’s Standard one houre and a halfe, and after
lost it againe; wee did lose not above three hundred men,
the enemy killed the waggoners, women, and little boyes
of twelve years of age, wee took seventeene colours and
five pieces of Ordnance. I believe there were not less
than three thousand of the enemy slaine, for they lay in
their own ground twenty and thirty of heapes together,
the King did lose Lords, and a very great many of
gentlemen, but the certain number of the slaine cannot
be knowne. Wee did take my Lord of Lindsey, General
of the foote being shot in the thigh, who dyed the
Tuesday morning following, and his body is sent away to
be buryed, the Lord Willoughby his son was taken,
Lunsford, Vavasour, and others, being prisoners in
Warwick Castle; on Munday, there did run from the
14
King’s army 3,000 foote in 40, 50, and 60, in companies ;
wee kept the field all Sunday night, and all Munday, and
then marched to our quarters, and on Munday the enemy
would have given us another charge, but they could not
get the foote to fight, notwithstanding they did beat them
like dogs, this last Relation of the enemy I received from
one who was a prisoner and got away.
“Banbury is taken by the King, there was 1000 Foote in
it, the Captaines did run away, and the souldiers did
deliver the Towne up without discharged one musket. It
was God’s wenderfull work that we had the victory. We
expect to march after the King. The day after the
Battell, all our forces, horse and foote, were marched up,
and other forces from remote parts to the number of 5,0C0
horse and foote, more than were at the Battell. Now at
my writing, my Lord Generall is at Warwick, upon our
next marching we doe expect another Battell. Wee here
think that the King cannot strengthen himself, for the
souldiers do still run daily from him, and I believe if we
come to fight, a great part of them will never come up to
charge. The King’s Guard were Gentlemen of good
quality, and I have heard it that there were not above 40
of them which returned out of the field. This is all I shall
trouble you with, what is more, you will receive it from a
better hand than mine. Let us pray one for another, God
I hope will open the King’s eyes and send peace to our
Kingdome. I pray remember my love to all my friends,
if I could write to them all I would, but for such newes I
write to you impart it to them; my Lieutenant and I
drink to you all daily, and my runawayes I stop their pay,
some of them for two dayes, some three dayes, and some
four dayes, which days they were gone from mee, and give
15
their pay to the rest of the souldiers, two of my souldiers
are runne away with their horse and arms. I rest, and
commit you to God. Your loving Cousin.
Edward Kightley.”
" Ihave, amongst the few tracts that I possess relating to
the Civil Wars in Warwickshire, one entitled, ‘‘ A true and
exact Relation of a Battell fought upon Monday last, be-
tweene His Majesties forces and the Earle of Essex, with
the overthrow given to the Cavaliers.”
“ Also a notable politick device of the Earle of Essex,
who in private left his armie to view the armie of Prince
Rupert and to see their works. London: Printed for John
Hanson, Novemb. 4, 1642.”
This is a complete catchpenny production. It contains
no information whatever, and the “ politick device” of the
Earl of Essex was purely imaginary.
In “A Letter sent from a worthy Divine to the Right
Honourable the Lord Mayor of the City of London. Being
a true Relation of the Battell fought between his Majesties
forces and his Excellencie the Earle of Essex,” from War-
wick Castle, the 24 of October, 1642, at two o’clock in the
morning.
“Sir.—Yesterday being the Lords day, his Excellency
intending to march from Keinton, a little villiage in
Warwickshire, towards Banbury to relieve it, unexpectedly
an alarm came about eight o’clock in the morning, that
the Enemy was advancing within two or three miles
which accordingly proved so, and it pleased God to make
myselfe the first Instrument of giving a certaine discovery
of it, by the helpe of a prospective Glasse from the top of
an hill; when the two armies were drawn into a Battalia,
about two of the clock in the afternoone a very sore and
16
fierce battell began, which continued about foure houres
in mine owne sight and hearing, much bloud was shed and
a gallant spirit expressed by our Infantry even to such a
degree of valiantness, as may crowne every common
Souldier with the honour of a Commander. But the left
wing of our Horse being charged by the Kings right wing,
was suddenly put to flight, so that the right wing in which
your Son was placed did the best service for the Chevalry
or Cavalry ; where your Son is (or any of the rest of my
Lords Guard) I know not, I hope they are safe, because
upon diligent inquiry I yet hear no hurt of any of them.
However if you have consecrated a sonne to so noble a
Service, I doubt not but you will endeavour to bear it
cheerfully, if you should hear that he is either slaine or
wounded. Wee have lost none of our Commanders (as we
can yet understand) except Colonell Charles Essex, and
Sir James Ramsey who is either killed or taken: we have
taken Prisoners from the King’s side, the Lord of Linsey
Generall of the Field, with his son Colonell Vavasor, who
was Commander of the Kings Guard and Standard, which
likewise we have taken: As also Colonell Lunsford, who are
now both at Warwicke Castle, we did beat the enemy out of
the Field, and gained foure peeces of Ordnance. This morn-
ning it is expected that three or foure fresh Regiments on
our side, as namely Colonel Hampdens, Colonel Granthams;
Colonel Barckhams, and the Lord Rochfords Regiments to
joyne with the rest. The residue of our army to fall on
the remainder of the Kings Forces, hoping for as glourious
success as before; Colonell Vavasor assures us that the
King himselfe for some time was in the Army, we heare
no certainty yet concerning Prince Rupert, some say he is
slaine. A few of our waggons were burned and plundered
OO
17
by the Enemy, who wheeled about into our Reere, but
our musqueteers played bravely upon them in the meane-
time, and recovered our waggons againe, and sixe peeces
of Ordnance which we had lost; our Enemy had the winde
more with them, but we had more of the hill, we had but
twelve Regiments in the Field, about fifty Troops of
Horse, (I think,\ at the most, and some two Regiments of
Dragoneers. His Excellencie maintained the fight most
gallantly. And our noble Lords as the Lord Wharton,
Willowby of Parham, Brooke, Roberts, &c. did as bravely,
All this hath God enabled our Army to performe, though
from wednesday till this moment of my writing, the
Common Souldiers have not come into a bed, but have
lodged in the open field in the wet and cold nights, and
most of them scarce eat or drank any thing for 24 houres
together, nay, I may say for 48, except fresh water when
they could get it. Mr. Ash was marvellously preserved
from the cruelty of foure Cavaliers which set upon him,
one of them cut off his hat and raised his haire with his
sword, but never touched his skin. God hath brought
most of our ministers this night to Warwicke, Mr. Ash
amongst the rest; and Mr. Marshall whose danger was no
lesse. For my owne part after I had discharged my duty
as farre as I was enabled, by passing from Regiment to
Regiment, and Troop to Troop to encourage them, at the
latter end of the fight, not knowing what the issue of
things might be, in the darksome evening while it was yet
light I rid to Warwicke among hundreds of drawne
swords, and yet was saved from the least touche of a
blood-thirsty hand. The Cavaliers some of them pursuing
our Horsemen, which as I said before, forsooke their
ground in the left wing of the army and fled to Warwicke.
If you shall think it convenient to Print this
18
Relation, perhaps it may be usefull, if done speedily, you
need not doubt of the truth of any part of it.”
It does not appear by whom the above Relation was writ-
ten except by a minister in the Parliamentarian Army.
Subjoined are the following observations,—
‘“‘ And besides the victory here at Keinton Field by Edge-
hill on the Parliament side, done by his Excellencie, there
were slaine of eminent men on the King’s side, the Earl of
Lindsey who was wounded and taken prisoner, and brought
40 Warwicke Castle, but soon dyed of his wounds: The
Lord D’Aubigney (commonly called Dawbeny) brother to
the Duke of Richmond and Lenox; Sir Edward Varney
Knight, Marshall to his Majesty, and a little before at
Nottingham made his Standard Bearer; of which three
persons the letter doth not make mention: However, after
their victory at Keinton Field, his Excellencie, as a Victor
retreated and retired himself with his considerable army into
Warwicke, and there he had the strongly scituated Towne
and Castle for his better safety, during his abode there;
where he was with the acclamations of all good people there
triumphantly received and entertained.”
Of all the great engagements during the Civil Wars, not
excepting the decisive fight at Naseby, the battle of Edge-
hill, or of Keinton, as it was indifferently called, seems to
have excited the greatest interest. More accounts of it
appear to have been published than of any other warlike
occurrence. Both armies claimed the victory, but, as the
result proved, the advantage was on the side of the King: for
while the Earl of Essex withdrew his forces to Warwick,
the King pursued his own route, and the following day or a
few days after, the town and castle at Banbury, with a
garrison variously computed at from 600 to 1,000 strong,
surrendered to him without a show of opposition.
19
With respect to the number slain in this engagement, not
a very sanguinary one, it has been variously estimated at
from 5,000 to 500. It is probable that the latter number
more nearly approaches the mark. The battle commenced
at two o’clock in the afternoon on the 23rd of October, old
style, answering to our 8rd of November. At five in the
evening darkness would set in; both armies were then in
confusion. Many, on both sides, both horse and foot, ran
away, thus verifying the old distich:—
‘He who in battle runs away,
May live to fight another day;
But he who is in battle slain,
Will never live to fight again.”
The artillery, or ordance, were pieces of small calibre, and
mounted on carriages of two wheels only. One of these
is still preserved at Broughton Castle, Oxfordshire. The
infantry consisted of musketeers, armed with matchlocks,
supported on rests, shrouded within a square of pikemen.
One, if not more, of these rests are in the valuable collection
of the Earl of Warwick, at Warwick Castle.
Some of the cavalry wore cuirasses, consisting of a breast-
plate and back and a head-piece; others wore buff coats, their
offensive weapons being swords and pistols. Birmingham,
even at that period, was famous for its manufactories of
swords.
In a scarce work, entitled ‘“‘True Information of the
Beginning and Cause of our Troubles, &c.,” printed at Lon-
don in the year 1648, there appears an engraving represent-
ing the battle of Edgehill, the earliest pictorial representation
of that battle. In this representation the cannon appear
mounted on carriages with two wheels only. The following
statement appears at the head of this pictorial device :—“At
Edgehill 16 peeces of cannon shot against 80 of E: of Essex
Liffeguard, and not one man hurte, & those 80 brake in upon
20
1600 of the Kings, 4 of ye Parlia: Reg: ran away and 16
troops of Horse. So wee wayre 6000 and they 18000, yet
we took ye standerd and cleffe Sr Ed Varney standard bear-
er in the head & slew the Lord Lindsey Generall of the
field.” In another engraving in this work soldiers are
represented with firelocks on forked rests.
Confining myself to the county of Warwick, I will give
a few of the principal names of those who espoused the
one side or the other. On the side of the Parliament the
principal leaders in this county were the Lord Brook, the
Lord Fielding (afterwards the second Earl of Denbigh,)
Sir Edward Peto, of Chesterton, Colonel William Purefoy,
of Caldecott Hall, Mr. Abbot, of Caldecott, and many of
the Presbyterian ministers, who by their preaching exer-
cised great sway, especially amongst the inhabitants of the
several towns.
Amongst those who espoused the cause of the king were
the Lord Northampton, the first Earl of Denbigh, the Earl
of Chichester, Lord Craven, Sir Charles Adderley, Sir Simon
Clark, Sir Clement Fisher, Sir Henry Gibbs, Sir Thomas
Holt, Sir Thomas Leigh, Sir John Repington, Sir Richard
Shuckburgh, Sir Hercules Underhill, and many of the
country gentlemen who had subsequently to compound for
their estates, and of whom I have a list.
The king’s forces were mostly recruited from the
tenantry of the lords and gentry who espoused his cause.
Those of the Parliament from the inhabitants of towns.
Coventry, Warwick, Birmingham, Stratford, Alcester,
Henley, Coleshill, and Rugby. The country was mostly
uninclosed. Spread over it were ancient British fortresses
or fortified oppida, Roman camps, one medieval walled
city, Coventry; three castles, Warwick, Kenilworth, and
21
Tamworth. Manor houses embattled and crenellated by
virtue of licenses from the Crown, which licenses ‘extended
“ from the middle of the thirteenth century A.D. 1256 to
A.D. 1483. Amongst these was the Manor house of Astley,
often but erroneously called Astley Castle, the license
granted to fortify which bears date the 50th of Henry III.,
~ A.D., 1266. This was garrisoned during the civil war.
Maxtoke, fortified by a license to crenelate, granted the
19th Edward III., also garrisoned during the civil wars,
and erroneously called a castle. Other mansion houses, for
which licenses to fortify had been granted and were now
destroyed or dilapidated, were those at Beaudesert, Fillong-
ley, Caledon, and Langley, the latter in the parish of
Sutton Coldfield. There had been also other ancient
castles at Fillongley, Newbold-on-Avon, Brandon, and
Fulbroke, the sites of which may be clearly discerned,
although the buildings have long since been demolished,
and had been at this period. Then there were numerous
manor houses, amongst the principal of which I may
enumerate Compton Wyniate, the residence of the Earl of
Northampton, which was garrisoned, and underwent more
than one attack during the civil wars. Aston Hall, near
Birmingham, which was likewise garrisoned and attacked;
Coughton House, near Alcester, the same; Milcote House
and Wormleighton, both burnt down; Shuckburgh Hall,
garrisoned and attacked, and of those of which I find no
record of transactions I may enumerate that very curious
fifteenth century house at Stoneythorpe, near Southam,
the residence of Mr. Chamberlain, one of our county
magistrates, the history of which mansion is a desideratum.
It must, I think, have been occupied during the civil wars,
though perhaps only temporarily; New Hall, near Sutton
Coldfield; Charlecote House, Baddesley Clinton, Pooley
22
Hall, King’s Newnham, the residence of the Earl of
Chichester; and Causton Hall, the residence of Mr.
Boughton. Lastly, there were numerous moated areas,
varying in extent from half an acre to two acres, some-
times surrounding a mansion, but of which moated areas
in general we have no historic account. They are, how-
ever, so different from the ancient British and Roman
earthworks that I cannot but assign the period of their
formation for defensive purposes only against sudden
aggression, and plunder, to the intestine wars, troubles, and
commotions in the reigns of Stephen, of John, and of
Henry II.
I may have digressed too much in my account of the
state of parties and of the country, as far as this county is
concerned. When Kenilworth Castle, the Kings house at
Kenilworth, as it was called, was abandoned early in the
wars by the King, on account of the insufficiency of the
garrison, it was occupied by the Parliamentarian troops,
and I find no further account of any transactions before it.
What had been in the 13th century a stronghold kept so
firmly by the adherents of Simon de Montfort, the great
Earl of Leicester, who bafiled all attempts of the Crown to
take it by storm—for at last the garrison reduced by famine
surrendered on terms—was now as a palatial residence
indefensible, and rendered this the more, though in what
year I know not, by the demolishion of one of the walls, of
immense thickness, of that part of the Castle called Cxsar’s
tower, which was in fact the whole of the original castle
built by Henry de Clinton, in the reign of Henry II. It
was at this period, I imagine, that the curious suit of Horse
armour now exhibited at the Porters lodge at the entrance
to Warwick Castle, a suit of the 15th century, was removed
23
to Warwick Castle. It was shown at Kenilworth Castle in
the early part of the 17th century, as the horse armour of
the legendary Guy of Warwick:—
“The Lord Brook having seised the Kings ammunition
at Northampton, marched from thence to Warwick, and so
to Stratford-upon-Avon, where he beat out of the town the
forces of Colonel Crocker and Wagstaff, and coming to
Lichfield, the Earl of Chesterfield and his forces left the
town and betook themselves to the close. But in the fight,
one of his men shooting at the window of the Lord Brook’s
chamber, where his lordship was, the bullet pierced his eye,
and my Lord instantly died.” Such is the brief account
given by Whitelock in his memorials of English affairs
during the reign of Charles the I. This transaction—full
particulars I do not give, inasmuch as it took not place in
this county—happened on St. Chad’s day, March 2nd, 1843.
In the late calamitous fire at Warwick Castle, the Buff
doublet, worn by Lord Brook when he was slain, was, most
unfortunately, destroyed.
About the middle of the same month, March, Lord
Brook’s great rival in this county, the Earl of Northampton,
was slain at Hopton Heath, in the county of Stafford.
In April, 1643, Prince Rupert entered Birmingham by
force. In the envounter which then took place, William
the first Earl of Denbigh, who fought on the side of the
King, was mortally wounded, and died on the following
Saturday. The heat of the contest was at a place called
Camp hill, and particulars relative to it are preserved in
three scarce tracts, which were reprinted at Birmingham
in 1815.
A short account of this engagement is given in the
“‘ Mercurius Belgicus,” a Royalist publication, as follows :—
*“ Anno Domini 1643, April the third, Prince Rupert
24
entered and possessed that seditious town of Birmingham,
wherein was 300 foot and two troops of horse, who being
gallantly charged by the Welshmen, in less than half an
hour forsook their breast works and returned to their
barricadoes within the town, where they found such
slender defence that they took to their heels, and that so
fast that though they were pursued as soon as the Prince
had possessed the town, yet few of their horse were over-
taken, only about 80 of the rebels were killed, and as many
prisoners taken, together with about 150 muskets, and
between 400 and 500 swords, and three Colours. In this
service the noble Earl of Denbigh received a wound,
whereof he afterwards died.”
A very one-sided account of this conflict appears in a
searce tract entitled, “A true Relation of Prince Ruperts
barbarous Cruelty against the Towne of Brumingham; to
which place on Monday Apr. 3. 1643, he marcht with 2000
horse and foot 4 Drakes and 2 Sakers; where after two
houres fight (being twice beaten off by the Townsmen in all
but 140 musketeers) he entered, put divers to the sword,
and burnt about 80 houses to ashes, suffering no man to
carry away his goods, or quench the fire, and making no
difference between friend or foe; yet by Gods providence
the greatest losse fell on the malignants of the Town. And
of the Cavaliers were slaine divers chiefe Commanders, and
men of great quality amongst whom was the Earl of Denbigh,
the Lord John Stuart: and as themselves report the Lord
Digby.—London Printed for John Wright in the Old-baily
April 12. 1642.
“Sir, Though I can write you but the same lamentation
which I’believe you have already heard; yet I cannot be
silent to acquaint you of the truth as neere as I can: If
-
25
Coventrey had sent us what helpe it might, I believe the
Enemy dost not have assaulted us, but in regard they had
been in danger of cutting off by the way, in case they had
been sent I must excuse them, though it be to our owne
suffering; We with the Captaines were sensible that if the
Cavaliers came we were not likely to withstand them, they
being neere 1500, and we not above 150 musketiers, with a
Troope of Horse of Captaine Greaves, which did no good,
but in their flight as hereafter you will heare; but in re-
gard the generall desire of the Towne, especially of those
that bore Armes, would have them stand it out, and not
march away with their armes, as we might in time, and
that both they, and the malignants would have reviled, and
curst the Captaines and Majestrates of the Towne if they
had left them, made the Captaines and better sort content
to stay and trie the issue, rather than be so perpetually
reproacht: And though the same fall hard on our side in
loosing the Towne and some Armes, and about 80 houses
burnt to ashes, with all that therein was, and some
fifteene men and two women lost their lives yet their
game was nothing at all, yea they count it great losse, and
curse the time that ever they medled with us, for I believe
they lost as many ordinary men as we, besides three men
of great quality, which they much lament, whereof two of
them were Lords, as we have great cause to think, the one
the Earl of Denby, thats sure, the other Lord we some-
thing doubt of his name, but we heare by divers of the
Cavaliers it is Digby, sure we are he is wounded; and it
is sure that some of their Collonels say it was a man of
great ranke, and more considerable than Denby; the
other a chiefe Commander: Denby pursued Captaine
Greaves Troupe some two miles out of Towne, being at
26
their heeles, before our Troope departed, among whom I
went away, and Captaine Greaves observing his time
betwixt the woods, faced about, and charged the pursuers
most valiantly, at they themselves confesse, and drove
them back againe: in which charge Denby was slaine
immediately, and the rest fled, and so we escaped with
safety, only Captain Greaves received one shot in the
face, and a cut in the arm, but not mortall; in the pursuit
of the Troope God made away for all our souldiers saving
some two or three, to escape most with their armes,
which they threw and hid away in pits and ditches as
they could, whereof the most, I think, the Cavaleers
found not, and not one Captaine or Officer was hurt or
taken prisoner, nor any considerable man, but most poore
fellows and malignants because they could meet with no
better, and all are released saving two of the best, though
of no great quality. Some redeemed themselves for 2d.
12d and 18d apiece and some one or two for 20s. Prince
Rupert being enragd that he should take never a prisoner
of so great a company, and of those not to raise £20,
when he himself had undergon so great a losse; and of
those that were slaine of our side were most poore malig-
nants, some three young men of ordinary quality that
bare armes, and John Carter, and that in their flight ; for
but one was slaine and one lightly shot in the ftesh; in
the entrance for pillage they spared none, friend or foe,
they lighted of, yet for the most part those that did most
against them escaped best; the same I may say of the
fire, though they intended to burn the Towne utterly, as
may be known by their laying lighted match with powder,
and other combustible matter, at the other end, which
fired in divers places, and divers was found out and pre-
vented, so that we may truly say that the flames, sword,
27
pilledgers, but especially the prison, made a difference
betwixt those that feared God, and those that feare him
not. But this is remarkeable in their vileness that all these
houses saving two were fired in their cold blood, at their
departure, wherein they endeavoured to fire all, and in
the flames they would not suffer the people to carry out
their goods, or to quench it, triumphantly with reproaches
rejoyced that the wind stood right to consume the Towne,
at which presently the Lord caused the wind to turn
which was a token of his notice of their insultation. For
pillage, I heare of but little I lost, having obscured the
things I had of any value; and for fire, God did mar-
vellously prevent, both to me and many others, whereat
the malignants are so enraged that they have since pulled
down my mill, and pretend that Prince Rupert so com-
manded, and threaten to pull down my house and divers
others, which I think they dare not, lest they build it up
againe, the county having sent them admonition of their
insolvency. .
“Your loving Friend, R. P.
“Coventry, April 8, 1643.”
Another letter, published with the former, states as
follows :—
““Sir,—Being by my promise ingaged unto you, I am
now to make relation of a most barbarous massacre of our
townsmen of Bermingham, and of the inraged cruelty of
Prince Rupert and his inhumane cavaliers: Sir, thus it
was, about three of the clock one munday in the after-
noone, he had with neere two thousand horse and foote,
four “Drakes, and two Sakers, set against the Towne,
playing with his ordnance and endeavouring to force
his way, with foot and horse; were twice beaten
28
off with our musqueteers, at the entrance of Derrington,
at which many of their men fell. the townesmen held
them in play above an houre we had not above one hun-
dred and fortie musquets, and having many entrances into
the towne, they were many too few. Coventry men had
withdrawne their forces three daies before, all but Captaine
Castledownes Dragoneers, a troope of horse of Master
Perkes, commanded by Captaine Greaves, being in the towne,
not fit for that service, made escape when the adversaries
began to incompasse the towne and force the waies over the
meadows, and fired the towne in two places, and so by in-
compassing them that did defend the outworke caused them
to draw inward to other workes, there in Digboth, which
work they defended to the adversaries losse; but being the
enemy brake in at the Millone they were forced to leave that
worke also, and so put to shift for themselves with break- |
ing through houses, over garden waies, escaped, over
hedges and boggy meadows, and hiding their armes, saved
most of them. The enemy killed none as I here in fight,
unlesse some three or foure, Mr. Carter and Samuel
Elsmore being of them, some with their armes defended
themselves stoutly till death, they pursued the rest in field
and lanes, cutting and most barbarously mangling naked
men to the number of fifteene men, one women, another
being shot, and many hurt; many men sore wounded,
and Mr Tillman, the surgeon standing in his dore to enter-
taine them, was most cruelly shot, having his leg and
thigh bones broken. They pillaged the towne generally,
there own friends sped worst, and one Tuesday morning
set fire to divers places in the towne, and have burt neare
a hundred dwellings, the Welch-end, Dale-end, and Moore-
street End, Humphrey Rans, the Bell, and divers other
29
houses thereabout. Many other fires they kindled, but they
did not burne. They left kindled matches with gunpowder
also in other places, intending nothing less than utterly to
destroy the towne, but by God’s providence they whose hurt
they chiefly intended, by God’s hand is much prevented.
: . Your father’s house stands, but hath
- oem Mr Roberts’, Mr Porter’s, and mine be safe,
but are threatened to be pulled downe, and they pretend
Prince Rupert’s warrant, but, however, its their envy that
God’s overruling providence hath turned the mischief so
much on the heads of those that might with their timely
helpe have prevented this mischief. I am much grieved at
the losse of your brother and many other friends, three
being my honest worke men, whose lives I would I had
redeemed with mine estate. The cavaliers have lost thirty
men at least, of whom there be three or foure chief men,
earles and lords, I believe you have heard them named the
Earle of Denby, the Lord John Stewart, some say the Lord
Digby. Thirty are said to be buried, and many carried
away wounded. This did so much enrage them that they
appeared more like devills then men, lamenting more their
losse, than boasting of their gaine, which was much in
goods and in money, its thought above two thousand pound,
thirteene hundred being taken from Mr. Peake. Mr.
Jennens lost much, the which men if they had parted with
little before our fortification had been such as they could
not have entred, which went on well for some time. So
wishing you to have comfort in our God, who is able to
turn the rage of men to His praise, and sweeten this bitter
cup by some other comfort, I conclude and rest, yours to
command,
R.G.
30
I could wish I might heare how the city stands affected
with our losse, for a little reliefe from them might much
comfort many poore people which have lost all, and are left
well nie naked and harbourlesse; it would much encourage
all to stand out in the cause, that are but indifferent, a helpe
to ease the better party of the burthen of the which will be
otherwise too great for us. I would move some friends if
you think fit I have allready put on the worke of contri-
bution in this city.”
It does not appear to whom either of the foregoing letters
were written. They contain the accounts of the defeated
party in this contest, in which the Royal party are called
malignants, but ‘‘ Audi alteram partem,” and this appears
in,—
“A Letter written from Walshall, by a worthy Gentle-
man, to his Friend in Oxford, concerning Burmingham.’ :
Printed in the yeare MDCXLIII.”
“‘ Sir,—Hearing of the approach of Prince Rupert, his
Highnesse, and comming according to my duty to attend
him, In my way I heard of the miserable destruction of
Burmingham by fire, which I must confesse tooke the
deepest apprehension with me of any one accident since the
beginning of these unhappy distractions, as presenting to
my view a Picture of the present estate of Germany, and
as by a Prospective shewing me (not very farre off,) the
Scene translated from thence hither. This sad thought
drew me to a narrow enquiry of the causes of the burning
of the Towne, and whether it was done by authority or no.
And I found that the Inhabitants of the towne were they
who first stirred up those of Coventry to resist the King,
and that about 300 from thence went into Coventry to
defend it against the King’s forces; that from thence they
31
sent 15,000 swords for the Earle of Essex, his forces, and
the ayd of that party, and not only refused to supply the
King’s Forces with swords for their money, but imprisoned
divers who bought swords, upon suspicion that they intended
to supply the King’s forces with them. That afterwards,
when His Majesty marched that way with his Army, out of
His Princely goodness, and in hope that his Grace and
favour would prevayle with them to turne good subjects, he
gave express orders that they should not be plundered, and
because some were plundered, (though but a few, and very
little taken from them,) there was exemplary Justice done
by the hanging of two Officers, and they had a special pro-
tection granted to them. Yet so little use did they make of
the King’s clemency, that the King’s Army was no sooner
removed from thence, but they stayed all the Carriages
which did not move the same day with the King’s Army,
amongst which was some of the King’s Plate, and divers
goods of great value, and therein they were so hearty and
zealous that at their owne charges they carried them to
Warwick Castle, before the King was out of that shire.
' And they have still continued upon all occasions violently
to oppose the King, and to ayd those who have taken up
armes against him. Insomuch that they made fortification
about the Town, and sent out parties to plunder the King’s
friends. And when his Highnesse, upon Monday last, sent
one to them to take up his quarter at Burmingham, who
assured them that if they would quietly receive his High-
nesse and his forces, they should suffer no injury; but
otherwise, they must expect to be forced to it; they refused
to give him Entrance, and prepared themselves with all
their strength to resist him; and when his forces drew neare
they set up their Colours, and sallyed out of their workes,
32
and gave fire upon them, and with opprobrious speeches
reviled them, calling them Cursed doggs, devilish Cavaliers,
Popish Traytors, and this was done not by a few of them
but by almost all of them with great shouts and clamours.
This could not but incense the souldiers, and the Prince to
make his passage into the Towne was forced to give order
for firing a house or two; but they retiring and flying, upon
his entrance into the Towne he immediately gave order for
quenching of the Fire, which was done accordingly, and no
more hurt was done on Munday. But yesterday his
Highnesse being to march from thence, and fearing what
those great Provocations might worke with the souldiers, he
gave express Command that no souldier should attempt to
fire the Towne. And after his departure thence some
souldiers (as yet unknown) having fired the Towne in
diverse places, he immediately sent to the inhabitants of the
Town to let them know it was not done by his command,
and therefore wished them to quench it, but the wind being
high and the fire encreased, it could not be so soon
extinguished as was to be desired.
“‘ One thing more [ heard of at this taking of Burming-
ham, which made some impression with me which was the
death of a minister killed presently after the entry of the
souldiers into the Towne. But it is alleadged that he told
the soldier who killed him, that the King was a pergured
and Papisticall King, and that he had rather dye than live
under such a King and that he did and would fight
against him. , ,
** Walshall, Apr. 5. 1643. 4
Hutton, the well-known historian of Birmingham, tells
us that the Parliament Forces had formed their Camp in
that well chosen angle which divides the Stratford and
33
Warwick Roads, upon Camp Hill. It is laid down in the
Map of Birmingham, of 1863, and was on the site of, or
near, where Trinity Church, Bordesley, now stands. The
number of inhabitants in Birmingham at this period, were
about 5000. Hutton computes the population at the
Restoration, in 1660, to amount to 5,472. In 1700, the
population was 15,000; and in 1730, between 23,000 and
24,000. It would appear that in 1643, there was a con-
siderable manufactory of Swords at Birmingham, with
which the Parliamentarian Forces were supplied.
The King’s forces, in this engagement, sustained a great
loss in William, first Earl of Denbigh, who fell mortally
wounded, and died a few days afterwards, as a warm
adherent of the Royal cause his loss was felt the more,
inasmuch as his Title, and possesions in this county
descended to his son, Basil Fielding, second Earl of
Denbigh, who, espousing the cause of the Parliament,
held a high military command in the Midland Counties
of which he was subsequently dispossessed, by “the self-
denying Ordinance.” He afterwards seems to have dis-
trusted the so called “ Commonwealth of England,” as a
more absolute Government than a Monarchy, and gave in
his adhesion to the Restoration. He died in 1675.
In June, 1643, Tamworth Castle, which had been garri-
soned for the King, surrendered to the forces of the
Parliament. Some 45 years ago, the late Sir Samuel Rush
Meyrick, of Goodrich Court, Herefordshire, shewed me, at
his then residence, in Sloane Square, a Buff Doublet, which,
he informed me, had come from Tamworth Castle. He also
stated that such coats were very scarce. This Doublet may
be seen in the Meyrick Collection of Armour at the South
Kensington Museum. I have, in my own small collection,
34
two Buff Doublets, which, I have reason to believe, came
out of Tamworth Castle, and a third found on the field of
Naseby.
On Monday, the 10th of July, 1643, the Queen Henrietta
Maria, went from Walsall to Kings Norton; from there, on
Tuesday, the 11th, to Stratford-upon-Avon, where Prince
Rupert met her, New Place, where 27 years before,
Shakespeare died, having been assigned as her residence.
On Thursday, the 13th, she went from Stratford to Wroxton,
meeting the King at the foot of Edge hill, in Kineton Field,
about four o’clock in the afternoon. On Friday, the 14th,
she went to Oxford. On the Meeting at the foot of Edge
hill, two copies of verses were written, preserved in manu-
script amongst the private papers of Sir William Dugdale,
and printed at Birmingham, with an introduction by the
late Mr. Hamper, a distinguished Warwickshire Antiquary.
On the occasion, a silver medal was struck, now in the
Staunton Collection at Longbridge; long considered to be
unique. The obverse represents the King and Queen, seated
in chairs, trampling down the hydra of rebellion. Round
the verge IVNCTI CERTIVS PYTHONEM. On the reverse,
XIII. IVL.
CAROL. ET. H.
M. B. F. ET. H.
eT
IN. VALLI. KEINTON.
AVSPICAT OCCVRRENI
ET.
FVGATO IN OCCIDENT.
REBELLIVM.
VICT. ET. PAR OMEN
OXON
MDCXLIII.
30
In November, 1643, Coughton House, near Alcester, was
entered by some of the Parliamentarian forces from
Warwick. In the January following, they quitted it, on
hearing the King’s forces were approaching, having set fire
to it in three places.
On the 18th of December, 1643, Aston Hall, near
Birmingham, the seat of Sir Thomas Holt, was at his
request, garrisoned by Colonel Leveson with 40 Musketeers.
On the 26th of that month, it was assaulted by 1,200 of the
Parliamentarian troops, who took it on the 28th, having
killed 12 of the garrison and taken the rest prisoners, with
the loss however of 60 of their own men.
On the 3rd of March, 1644, a party of troops from
Warwick, beat up a party of the King’s forces at Adderbury,
in Oxfordshire, and took 14 prisoners; but on being pursued
by Sir William Compton, from Banbury, with about 100
horse, he overtook the Parliamentarian troops, some of whom
fled into Chadshunt Church, near Kineton, where twelve
were slain and two taken prisoners.
On the 7th of June, 1644, the Parliamentary forces,
consisting of 400 foot and 300 horse, faced Compton House,
drove the park, and killed all the deer, and defaced all the
monuments in the church; oa the 9th of June, Compton
House was taken.
Another account states “that Major Bridges, with his
forces from Warwickshire and Coventry, having lain before
Compton House on Friday and Saturday last, on Sunday
morning (June 9th) took it, and in it the Earl of Nor-
thampton’s brother, Captain Clarke, Captain Bradwell, with
about 12 officers more and 120 commen soldiers, 80 good
horses, with all their arms and ammunition, and sent them
to Warwick.”
36
Vicars, in ‘“ England’s Parliamentary Chronicle,” states
“that Colonel Purefoy came to this attack on Compton
with his own Warwick forces and some strength added trom
Coventry; and that besides 120 prisoners, he took £5,000
in money, 60 horses, 400 sheep, near 160 head of cattle,
and eighteeen loads of other plunder, besides five or six
earthen pots of money, which were afterwards discovered
in the fishpond.”
Compton Wyniate lies on the southern border of the
county of Warwick, under the Edgehiils, and was the seat
of the Earl of Northampton. It still exists, a specimen of
a fine castellated brick mansion, moated round, with a court
in the centre, erected in the reign of Henry VII. It is
most curiously placed in a hollow and so completely hidden
from view, that a force might appear before it suddenly.
Though not a stronghold, as the castles of Warwickshire, a
competent garrison was kept in it; but it was in a great
measure insulated, and commanded no high road, though
placed between the roads from Banbury to Warwick, and
from Banbury to Shipston. In the mansion are two chapels;
one on the ground floor, for the rites of the Church of
England; and another in the roof, for performance of the
rites of the Church of Rome, there being many recusants
in that neighbourhood. Near to the latter chapel was a
priest’s hole, or hiding place; but the most curious feature
is that the altar was the window-sill, and of wood, with the
five crosses cut upon it. This is the only original wooden
altar, destined for the rites of the Church of Rome, I
have met with in this country.
I imagine this mansion surrendered from not being
sufficiently provisioned, as there is no notice of any contest.
It would have been a more severe blow to the Royalist party
37
if they had not retained the castle of Banbury, which the
opposing party never succeeded in taking, although
they often so endeavoured. The church, situate a short
distance north of the mansion, seems to have incurred
the vengeance of the Parliamentary leaders, when they
destroyed the monuments it contained, as the present struc-
ture appears to have been built soon after the Restoration,
A.D. 1662. The mutilated sepulchral effigies it contains
have been well cared for, being arranged on raised slabs.
They are a monument of the barbarous warfare, worthy of
the Paris Commune, against the effigies of departed worthies
here, as elsewhere, carried on by the forces of the
Parliament.
A few years ago this mansion was in a state of partial
dilapidation; it has since been properly restored with judg-
ment and taste. It still remains a seat of the Compton
family, of the present Marquis of Northampton. I shall
have occasion to refer to it again.
In the possession of the Earl of Denbigh, of Newnham
Padox, are two volumes of valuable manuscript letters,
relating to the Civil Wars, mostly addressed to Basil, second
Earl of Denbigh, when commander of the Parliamentary
forces for the Midland Associated Counties. I am indebted
to the late Earl of Denbigh for a leisurely perusal of these
yolumes, with permission to make extracts. Few of these
letters, however, relate to incidents which took place in
Warwickshire.
One of them contains particulars relating to a contest in
and near Alcester, of which I have not yet met with any
other account. It is as follows:—
“My Lord,—Since your departure from Warwickshire
maior Freeser myselfe and some of your Lordships Captins
38
with the assistance of Mr. Boughton procured somme money
as was sufficient to pay each of your comon troopers 20s. a
man which beinge despatched your Lordships souldiers were
animated to advance accordinge your order for worcester-
shire on the 24 of this instant [the letter is dated from
Alcester, 27th July, 1644] we quartered in Aulcester
where we appointed a stronge watch that night hearinge
the enemy was nere at hand the next morninge we sent out
a small party which took 3 scouts and having examined
them apart we understoode a boddy of the Enemy’s horse
were advancinge towards us so we presently drue forth all
our horse our forelorne hope instantly met with theres were
they had a little encounter with the losse of 1 man on our
side our boddy cuminge up in the interim putt them to flight
and myselfe and some others being well horst persued them
at least 9 miles in which persute we tooke many prissoners
many forsakeinge there horses crept into hedges this persute
being ended we returned to our boddy of horse intendinge to
have martched quietly for Euesham but one the tope of a
hill not fare distant 4 troopes of horse belonginge to Sr
Gilbert Garrat were drawn up in order so immediately we
advanced towards them and putt them to flight and following
the pursute as formerly we took many men and horse the
rest escapinge with much difficultie through dangerous
waters in these pursutes we tooke in all Mr. Doner, Mr.
Sheldon, Commissary for the provision Mr. Thornberry 3)
Corprols 2 Trumpiters 60 comon Troopers and a 120 horse
at the least which belonged to Sr Gilbert Garrat Sr William
Russell and Colonel Knotsford with the County troope
allthough there losse had bin great yett there cowardise is
worse running thrurrow so many of their one contribution
towads there Commanders were very nimble and I persuade
39
myselfe they looked not backe till they came into Worcester
where they and the residue of there forces are taking breth
and that infortions are our persute being ended we returned
to Eusham and quatred there that night and having certain
intelligence that Colonell Luson is come to Dudly with 5
troopes and other forces from the north cuminge into these
parts we thought it not convenient at that tyme to have any
longer residence in Euesham but advanced to Aulcester were
at present we are borocatting the townes ends.
“‘Colonell Foxe haveinge sent us some foote but slenderly
provided with armes so there I intend to furnish them
with what I have and will raise more foote to advance our
intended designe in the interim we intend to advaince what
money we may to give further satisfaction to your Lord-
ships souldiers but the difficulties will be much, for unlesse
your Lordship can procure some armes and money to supply
the present necessity there is no hopes of our continuance
in this place by reason many forces will be united against
us and there was no assistance to be expected from
Warwick Major Bridges haveinge already denied your
Lordships order I hope you will be pleased to take into
serious condition the mutinus condition of these souldiers
for want of money for if some speedy course be not taken
both for money and armes to furnish our souldiers with we
shall not continue in this place and then there is no possi-
bility to advance a penny neither shall we be able to keepe
the regiment of horse together, thus much I thought good
to advise yr Lordship of being the true condition of our
present affares so for the present we desist subscribeinge
ourselves yr humble servants
Thos G Archer
F Craven
40
Aulcester 27th July
1644
To the right Honourable
Basill Earle of Denbigh
this
In London
Indorsed from Colonell Archer
¢ Major Bleasoe.”
In the same manuscript collection of the Earl of Denbigh
appears:—
A true relacion of the Earle of Denbigh his proceedings
after he he had received his Comission from both Houses of
Parliamt. to comand as Generall all the forces raised or to
be raised in the Countyes of Warwick Worcester Stafford
and Salop wth. the Cittyes and Countyes ot Coventry and
Lichfield and parts adjacent in the year 1644,
This relation is in the handwriting of Henry Firebrace,
his lordship’s steward, and the following is an extract:—
“From thence his Lop. marcht to Coventry where havinge
remained three dayes and being much griefed at the discon-
tent of his horse for want of hay sent them into the County
of Worcester to quarter on the Enemy (beinge loth to charge
the County of Warwick wth. them) and then his Lop. tooke
his journey towards London to solicite the Parl: for a
recruite, and for pay for his horse and foote where the more
weighty affaires of the Kingdome deteyned his Lop. longer
than he expected. His Lops. Regimt. of horse being marcht
towards Worcestershire accordinge to his Lops. comaund
they had inteligence that Capt was beseiged in
the Church of Alcester on the edge of Worcester hither
they marcht and releived him.”
I should imagine this incident preceded the former one I
have described respecting Alcester.
4]
On the 6th of December, 1644, Milcote House,. near
Stratford-upon-Avon, was burnt by the Parliamentarian
troops from Warwick Castle, to prevent the king’s forces
from making it a garrison.
A few years ago a number of skeletons were discovered
near Milcote, laid regularly and not promiscuously. I do
not think these were the remains of soldiers slain during the
civil wars, but rather of the victims of that dire plague
which raged in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564, the year
memorable for the birth of Shakespeare.
On the night of Wednesday, January 29th, 1644, an
attempt was made by a party of Royalist troops from Ban-
bury (stated in one account to be a regiment of horse and
eight score foot, in another as being 300 horse and foot) to
recover possession of Compton House. They succeeded in
obtaining possession of the outer Court, about which the
stables and outbuildings lay, but were ultimately repulsed.
A narrative of this transaction appears in a copy of Sergeant
Major Purefoy’s letter (ye brave Governor of Compton
House, in Warwickshire), to his Colonel, Col. Purefoy.
“Sir.—This night, about 2 of ye clock, about a 1000 or
1200 horse and foot of ye enemies fell upon me at Compton,
stormed my outworks, gained my stables, & cut down my
great drawbridge, possessed themselves of all my troop of
horses & took about 30 of my foot souldiers in their beds
who lay over ye stables, & all this was dune almost before a
man could think what to do. We received this fierce alarm,
as we had good cause & presently made good ye new sconce
before ye stone bridge, & beat them out of ye great court,
there being about 200 men entered & ready to storm ye
sconce. But we gave them so hot a sally, that we forced
them to retreat back to ye stables, barns, & brewhouse,
42
where from ye windows they played very hot upon us. I
then commanded Lieutenant Purefoy & my Quarter Master,
having no other officers of quality at home, the rest being
abroad with about 300 of my best troopers, to sally upon
ye enemy with a party of some 40 & so attempt the regaining
of the Brewhouse & ye rooms above, which instantly they
did with ye most gallant resolution and courage. Sergeant
Bird was one that came not short in bravery of any. This
party I saw fought thus with ye enemy & came to push of
pike, nay, to the swords point & laid about them so bravely
that they forced ye enemy to fly from chamber to chamber.
Whereupon I presently sent out my younger brother ye
Ensign with 3 corporals of horse & about 40 more men to
relieve ye first party; & I assure you Sir ye boy fought well
and led on his men most bravely and relieved his Brother,
by which means all the upper rooms were regained. And
now ye enemy kept only ye stables & ye barns which they
held stoutly, but my resolute soldiers did so thunder their
horse & reserves & foot that stood within pistol shot, that
Sir William and Sir Charles Compton, who were then
present, began to give ground, which my souldiers easily
perceiving, some leapt out at ye windows & so into the
outworks, by which means I recovered my outworks again,
& made a sally port by which ye enemy endeavoured to
retreat at; but finding they were frustrated of their hopes,
& that my musketeers did play so hot upon ye great draw-
bridge that they could not be relieved : & withal we having
beaten ye enemy out of their work, which we stormed when
you took ye sconce, [had time thereby to fully recover ye great
drawbridge, and instantly got new ropes and new locks, and
drew it up again in spite of them all, Now by this means all
those whose names are herewith enclosed to you, are all
43
in Cobs pound, having no means in the world to retreat.
Whereupon they fought desperately for ye space of 3 hours,
& ye valiant Comptons percieving their extreme loss,
attempted three several times ‘to storm and regain my out-
works but all ye three times were beaten off with as much
resolution and gallantry of my souldiers as could be expressed
by men. Ye enemy within set fire to all ye hay, straw, &
all ye combustible stuff to smother my men out of ye upper
rooms, which did indeed much annoy them; and ye enemy
without threw at least an hundred hand grenades on ye
houses, so as they set them on fire in 3 several places;
whereupon Sir Charles & Sir William, thinking all their
owa, sent a trumpetter to parly, but I commanded that none
should parley, nor would I permit ye trumpetter to
speak at all unto me; & fain he would have said some-
thing to my souldiers, but I commanded him upon
his life to be gone & not to return any more upon his peril,
& we continued to fight still; and ye aforesaid fire did so
encrease, that I thought it fit to offer quarter to those that
were in ye stable, for their lives only: but they would not
hear me. Upon which I drew all my men together, & fell
violently upon them, in which assault were slain & taken
prisoners all those whose names are in the ensuing list.
This did so dishearten ye Comptons & all their forces that
they presently drew off all their foot & only faced me with
their horse, & sent another trumpetter to parley; but I
commanded to give fire upon him, that he returned with
no other answer but what a musket could speak. And
thus by Gods providence & mercy we were clearly rid of
them. Sir, this is as true & short a narrative as I can
conveniently give you. I am as we all are
“‘ your obliged servants & kinsmen
“George & William Purefoy.
44
“Compton Jan 30 1644.
‘““We recovered all our men again that ye enemy had
taken.”
“A list of ye officers & souldiers slain & taken prisoners,
Captains 3 Lieutenants 2 one Ensign one Quarter Master
one Coruet 5 Corporals 3 Sergeants Troopers & Foot
souldiers about 50; besides 6 cartloads of wounded men
carried off & near upon 40 common souldiers left dead
behind them in and about ye garrison. Of mine own men
both horse & foot only one man was desperately wounded
& another was slightly hurt, but no one I say was slain.
A rare & even wonderfull providence indeed. We took of
ye enemies horse & foot arms & 150 muskets 40 pistols
& about 20 hand grenades,”
In “ Perfect Passages” of Feb. 3 1645 is a letter from
Major Bridges :—
“Sir, the enemy taking the advantage of an halfe moone
fallen down at Compton house, one of our Garrisons in
this County of Warwick whereof Serjeant Major Purefoy
is Governour: hereupon Sir William or Sir Thomas
Compton commanded a party from Banbury to fall upon
this Garrison, to which purpose he marched against it
with 300 horse and 160 foot, and presently fell to storming
the said works, took the outworks, possest themselves of
the stables, tooke the horse which were nigh upon 100 and
set the stables on fire in three severall places, by which
means some of them were slain, the said houses falling
upon them. By this time Serjeant Major Purefoy (the
Governour of the place) had drawn up his forces together,
and with valiant courage sallied out of the house and fell
upon them, in short time recovered all the horse except
10 or 12 killed and took almost 80 wounded many and put
the rest to flight pursuing them victoriously.
45
A list of the particulars of this Victory.
“ Lievtenant Chamberlain 1 Lievtenant more
1 Cornet 58 other Officers and Souldiers
12 other Officers and Troupers 80 Armes
Some killed with the fire Their Horse rescued
Lievtenant Clerke The enemy routed
Lievtenant Hervey Many wounded.”
In the “ Mercurius Civicus” it is stated that the garrison
kiHed nearly eighty of the enemy, and on sallying out took
about sixty of them; that among the prisoners there were
two captains and three lieutenants, Lieutenants Chamber-
laine, son to Chamberlaine the Lawyer, Lieutenant Clarke,
and Lieutenant Hervey; and that the enemy carried away
eight cartloads of dead and wounded men into Banbury.
The “ Mercurius Aulicus,” a Royalist periodical, gives the
following account of this transaction :—
Saturday, Feb. 1st.—The Rebells tell us they have taken
above 100 officers and souldiers from the garrison of Banbury;
indeed, on Tuesday last, his Majesty’s forces from Banbury
went within the outworks of Compton House and took 44
horse out of the stables, most of which the rebells regained,
with a few Banbury men, surprized in their quarters coming
home from Compton; but for those officers whom the
Rebells mention in print, they having taken a Banbury
Quarter Master with his rolle, were thereby enabled to take
so many names prisoners, the men themselves being safe in
Banbury.”
That the Royal party were severely defeated in this attack
there can be no doubt, but the account as to their numbers,
given by Sergeant Major Purefoy, and that he had only two
men wounded in a contest which he acknowledged lasted for
several hours must be taken as most exaggerated.
46
In a MS. letter-book of Sir Samuel Luke, it is stated that
on the “5th of March, Banbury troopes brought into
Banbury 72 sackes of Gloster clothes, wth. 60 odd troopers
wth. their horses and armes, belonging to Gloster, wch. were
a convoy to them.”
The “ Perfect Diurnal” states, by letters from Warwick
received on the 13th March, ‘that the Earle of Northamp-
ton’s regiment of horse from Banburie the last weeke
surprized about 30 horse laden most of them with cloath,
comming from Gloucester to Warwick with a convoy of
about fourscore; some of the convoy were, about twenty,
taken; the rest fled.”
The ‘“Mercurius Aulicus” states that “the Earl of
Northampton’s brother, Sir Charles Compton, went with
a regiment of horse from Banbury on Tuesday, the 4th
March, to gather contributions from Warwickshire, where
he lay at Ilmington. That on the morning of Thursday
he fell in at Halford with 120 of the Rebels’ horse coming
to convoy near 80 packhorses laden with much of the
Gloucester Rebels wealth going to Warwick, six or seven
of which packs got over the narrow bridge at Halford, but
72 were seized by the Royalists, and were found to con-
tain broad cloth of 20s. a yard, in which were concealed
money, plate, fine linen, and rich apparel. In charging
this convoy Sir Charles’ forces killed 12 of the Rebels, and
took near 70 of them prisoners, including one lieutenant
and one cornet with his colours, and almost six score
horses.”
Some of the above accounts of transactions in South
Warwickshire I transcribed with my own hand 45 years
ago from the Kings Collection of Pamphlets, relating to
the Civil Wars, in the Library of the British Museum ; for
47
others I am indebted to that excellent work, “ Beasley’s
History of Banbury,” which contains a mass of information
relating to the Civil Wars of the incidents which took
place in the country round about Banbury.
A letter from Northampton, dated the 31st March, 1645,
says :—
“Yesterday being the Lords day Lieut. General
Cromwell being at this town of Northampton, with a good
body of horse and foot, by the advice of his Council of War
marched from thence to Rugby in Warwickshire where they
intend to quarter that night about 16 miles march and
after their muster to march towards Coventry, about eight or
ten miles farther, and there to stay for the present, to attend
the motions of the enemy for the securing those parts.”
A few days before the Battle of Naseby, on the King’s
march from Daventry northwards, a party of his Life
Guards were quartered at Willoughby, about five miles
from Daventry.
The decisive Battle of Naseby was fought on the 14th
of June, 1645. After this we have few notices of occur-
ances in Warwickshire, except of the Scotch Army. On
the 4th of July, 1645, the Scots army came to Tamworth,
on the 5th to Birmingham, on the 7th to Alcester. On the
9th of September the Scots had headquarters at Charlecote,
on the 10th that army marched through Warwick to Stone-
ley, and the next day to Nuneaton.
Respecting the other movements about this time of the
Scottish army, I must refer you to Clarendon’s History of
the Great Rebellion.
On the 7th of January, 1646, Wormleighton House, on
the eastern borders of this county, one of the seats of the
Compton family, was purposely burnt by the Royalist
48
forces from Banbury, to prevent its being garrisoned by
the Parliamentarian forces. I believe the ruins of this fine
mansion are still existing.
On the 16th of January, 1646, Astley House, commonly
known by the name of Astley Castle was surprised by
my Lord of Loughborough’s forces; the Governor a
shoemaker, and the rest in the house taken prisoners and
carried away, with most of the arms and ammunition.
This is the last incident of a warlike nature I have as
yet met with relating to this county.
The distress occasioned by these unhappy wars may be
in some degree estimated from a Petition addressed to the
Earl of Denbigh, preserved amongst the manuscript
volumes I have already alluded. This Petition, to which
no date is affixed, but which was probably presented in
1644-1645, is as follows :—
“To the Right noble. & truly noble Bazill Earle of Denbigh
Lord Lieut generall of the counties of warrick, Stafford,
Worc: and Salop the humble Petition of ye Inhabitants
of Lillington
“‘Sheweth That whereas your good Lordship out of
your especiall care & opon onavoydable necessity have
issued out your warrants for the raysing of a company of
horse for ye safe guard of ye County whereby wee are
enjoyned to send in to your Lordship two horses howso-
ever wee are wonderfully willing to satisfy your Lo:
expectation yet such is our present weake state not onely
by former losses sustained and taxes imposed but also &
most cheifly by the late heavy burthen of 4 troupes con-
sisting of aboue 220 psons opon free quarter who besides
the eating of our pvision in our houses and barnes, &
spending our seed pvided for ye grounds have much
49
impoverished us by spoyling some of our horse, & ex-
changing others, that we are utterly onable to’comply with
your Lo: as otherwise we could heartily desire, our late
losses amounting to 200li. & opwards more than the yearly
pfitts of our Lo opon extreme racke we all of us being
poore tennants & most of us deeply engaged by reason of
our great debts The pmises considered in all humility we
prsume to become humble peticioners to your good Lo:
desiring what favor your honr can afford us & wee shall
never cease to pray to the Almighty for the pspy of your
Lo: & noble family
Will Hardinge William X Robinson Constable
Henry Buckerfield Burnaby H Avery his mke
John Nicholes Francis X Eborne
Tho X Nicholes Senr
Thomas Boresly
John Arnole.”
The above, it may be stated, was from a village the
inhabitants of which were favourable to the cause of the
Parliament and against the King.
In the “Gangrena,” a popular work of the day
written by Thomas Edwards, a Presbyterian minister,
and published in 1646, the confusion and religious
anarchy which at this time prevailed is pourtrayed in a
manner almost incredible. The doctrines and discipline
of the Church of England were proscribed, the book of
Common Prayer forbidden to be used, no religious service
was allowed at the grave on the burial of the dead, but all
secular pomp was permitted. A single extract from the
“Gangrena” will now suffice: —“ A letter out of Warwick-
shire dated the 2nd of November 1645 relates that two
souldiers did preach at Rugby on the 25th of October, and
50
there said that no Minister was a true one except he was
rebaptized, and that our ordinances were false ordinances,
and the printers have cozened us in printing the scriptures,
and more tenents they held which now I cannot write; and
on the 26th day of October they baptised sixe women in a
Mill-dam about eleven of the clock in the day, which was
strange to us in these parts.”
In 1648 the King was beheaded, his adversaries deeming
his great crime to consist of his adherence to Episcopacy
and to the Church of England.
In 1651, on Monday, the 25th of August, the Lord-
General Cromwell, with his army from the North, was at
Coventry. They marched from thence to Warwick, from
thence to Stratford, and so on to Evesham, on their way
to Worcester.
In September, 1651, after his defeat at Worcester,
Charles the Second passed in disguise through Warwickshire,
and was very near being taken prisoner at Wootton Wawen
by a troop of horse of Cromwell’s forces. A timely warning
was, however, given. The King turned out of the main
road at a place called Bearley Cross, down an old lane,
which may still be pointed out. He succeeded in crossing
the river Avon at Stratford, and lodged that night in the
disguise of a servant, at Long Marston, at the house of
Mr. Tombs.
In 1655 was published “A catalogue of the Lords, Knights,
and Gentlemen that have compounded for their estates.
London: Printed for Thomas Dring, at the signe of the
“George,” in Fleet-street, near Clifford’s Inn, 1655.”
This contains a list of perhaps the greater part of the
Royalist Nobility and Gentry in the different counties in
England, with the several sums at which each was assessed.
51
The names are arranged alphabetically.
Those of the County of Warwick are as under:—
£
Adderley Sir Charles Ham War. ... ... ... .. «.. 0407
Broth Edw. of Edrington War. Gent 2... 0059
Brown: Hen.. of Tiso. Warwick)... 0... ),.6. ees) ese) oe 3
Clark Sir Sym of Broom Warw. Pete 800
Court John of Ulnhall War. Yeom.... ... ...0 1... 64
Ciark Matth. Oxhill Warwick ... 20. 20.0. cee vee 15
Dugdale Will. Shewstock War. ee eee le Pies
Fisher Sir Clem. Packington War. Bar. ... ... ... ... 840
with 30 1. p an setled
Fisher Fran. of Parkington War. Gent. ... ... ... ... 422
Fisher Tho. of Parkington War. Gent. ... ... ... ... 559
Gwillin Peter of Southam Gent. ... 2. 2. 0. 0. ©6118
Grosvenour Fulke Morhall War. Esq. ... ... ... ... 356
Grosvenour Gowen Sutton Cofield .. 1... 1. 1. ou, 81
Glover Robert Mancetter War. Gent. ... 75
Gibbs Sir Hen. and Thomas his son of Huntington
Warwick... ; 517
Halford William of Halford War.Gent.... ... ... ... 98
Harbech Thomas Colleshall Warw. ... Romtiecs 24
Holt Sir Thomas of Aston Com. Warw. Baron... ... 4401
Lucy Spencer Charlcot Warwick Gent. ... Pst last ODed
Leigh Sir Tho. Sen. of Stone Leigh Com. “War. » Knight 4895
Mather John Mancetter Warwick Gent.... .. 43
Northampton Earl James ... 2... 0.0. ue ee ee 1571
with 270 1 per annum settled
Parker Edmund Hartshil Warwickshire... ... ... ... 239
Philpot John Lighthorn Warwickshire Bie ys... 78
Palmer Giles of Compton Warwickshire Gent. ... ... 1236
Rogers Matthew of Claverdon Warwickshire... ... ... 20
Repington Sir John of Annington Warwick Kt. ... ... 408
with 60 1 per annum setled
Raleigh George of Farnbrough Warwick Esq. ... ... 289
with fifty pounds per annum setled
Underhill Sis Hercules and William his oo of Idli-
cott Warwick Knight... .. * orwelileiy/
Warner George of Wolston ‘Warwick Esq screech S| 60)
36 1 per annum setled for his life
id
mooonwnoodo (=){=)
JT Owwoo
oo
® SOBSDSO BODOKROCOSD COOMNSD BODDOMOOF
oF
After the King’s restoration, and in the year 1662, the
walls of Coventry were thrown down, probably by virtue of
a Royal mandate issued for that purpose. Several of the
Nobility and Gentry of the County, including the Earl of
Northampton, Mr. Humphrey Boughton, Mr. Boughton of
Cawston, and his brother, caused this to be done. There
52
were twelve gates and thirty-two towers, exclusive of the
towers belonging to the gates. The circuit of the walls was
three miles.
But to conclude, the memory of some of those who took a
part in, and passed away amidst these troublous times, still
lingers over their last resting places, as I have shewn in
Sepulchral Memorials at Caldecott and Radway. To these
I have to add another simple and impressive one, the mem-
orial of a Royalist, Daniel Blacford, who died a.p., 1681,
and was buried at Oxhill, in this County, to whose epitaph,
on a flat stone in Oxhill Church, is subjoined as follows:—
“ When I was young I ventured life and blood,
Both for my King, and for my countries good ;
In elder years my aim was chief to be,
Soldier to Him, who shed His blood for me! ”
53
The Rev. P. B. Brodie also read the following Paper
on Phosphatic and Bone bed deposits in British Strata,
their economical uses, and fossil contents.
Within the last thirty or forty years, considerable atten-
tion has been directed to certain nodular masses, or stony
concretions found in the Crag, a later Tertiary deposit in
Norfolk and Suffolk, in the first place, and more recently in
the Green Sand in Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire. As
improvements in Agriculture, and a more scientific knowledge
of farming have advanced, and the necessity for the use of
phosphate manures has become more prevalent, the demand
for this substance has largely increased.
Many years ago, in 1848, the late eminent Botanist, Pro-
fessor Henslow, drew public attention to the probable value
of certain phosphatic nodules abounding in the Crag, in
Norfolk and Suffolk, and from that time to this they have
been extensively used for making phosphates, and are largely
exported to foreign countries. With one exception these
were all obtained from the Red Crag, which overlies the
Coralline, or Bryozoan Crag, but Mr. Prestwich mentions
that exception as an extraordinary and most interesting
stratum, forming a basement bed, containing some large and
remarkable derivative boulders, of porphyry and other rocks,
Oolites and London clay fossils, all more or less rolled, and
he suggests the drifting of ice as the agent by which some of
these older rocks were conveyed and deposited in the Crag.
This basement bed, (about 1} foot thick,) rests immediately
upon the London clay, and contains the phosphatic nodules
similar in appearance to those in the Red Crag, with Mam-
malian and Cetacean remains and foreign boulders. Amongst
the former are the teeth of Mastodon, Rhinoceros, Deer, and
Cetaceans; vertebra: and ear bones of a Whale, four skulls of
54
Belemnoziphius, teeth of Sharks and Crustacea, derived from
the London Clay as in the Red Crag. At one spot in the
Red Clay, 10 feet thick, the phosphate nodules are inter-
mingled with a few shells, and under this is a seam of these
concretions, with shelly Red Crag below, Mr. Prestwich con-
siders all these so-called Coprolites to have been originally
derived from the Coralline Crag. Numerous remains of Mam-
malia and Cetacea, more or less mineralized and worn, and
most of which are probably extraneous, are associated with
these nodules.
Passing downwards in the order of Geological succession,
and at a still later period of working, certain brown and
black nodules of irregular shape and various sizes, which had
long been known to occur in the upper Green Sand, at Cam-
bridge, but had not formerly been supposed to be either so
extensive or valuable for economical purposes, have been
largely worked and extensively applied to these uses, and a
very large quantity have been made into a valuable bone
manure. The pits round Cambridge have now been dug for
many years, and many of them are entirely worked out and
new ones are opened there, elsewhere, and in Bedfordshire,
though of older geological date. In the former county the bed is
comparatively thin, but abounds in these phosphatic concre-
tions, it has, however, a tolerably wide range, but being
nowhere very thick, it.will not be very long before it is entirely
exhausted. Thin as the stratum is, however, at Cambridge
it abounds in fossils of the Cretaceous period, and the diggings
have led to the discovery of many rare and important forms of
life, especially Pterodactyles, Saurians, Amphibia, of which a
fine collection may be seen in the Woodwardian Museum, in
that University. For most of the earlier and more recent
acquisitions it is mainly indebted to my valued old friend and
former Geological tutor, the venerable Professor Sedgwick.
05
The Green Sand here consists of fine marl, highly charged
with green chloritic grains, angular boulders, and hard,
dark-coloured nodules of phosphatic matter, often covered
with Plicatulee, Serpule, &c. The fossils are true upper
Green Sand species, and appear for the most part to have
lived and died on the spot ; all the shells are filled with the
game substance as the nodules, which are often of a black
colour, but sometimes brown, and contain shells and fish
remains.
At Potton and Sandy, in Bedfordshire, in an earlier
formation, (the lower Green Sand) there is a curious con-
glomerate, about a foot thick, overlaid and underlaid by
variously coloured sands, the lower portion of which con-
tains layers of oxide of iron, twelve feet thick. In this
conglomerate the nodules of Phosphatic matter occur. This
conglomerate consists of a ferruginous sand, more or less
indurated, rolled pebbles, hardened clay, and light-brown
phosphatic nodules, which often contain fragments of shells.
At Sandy this iron-sand forms a hard stone, mainly com-
posed of small pebbles of quartz, sandstone, and mica, with
numerous phosphatic concretions, which are here very
irregularly distributed, and are occasionally altogether
absent. Most of the fossils associated with them are
derivative, and very much water-worn and eroded. The
shells were probably washed out of the Kimmeridge
and Oxford clays, the fish remains, teeth, and ichthyodoru-
lites, from the upper and middle Oolites. A few shells which
are not rolled belong to the lower Green Sand, and lived and
died where they are found.
In the neighbourhood of Ely, pits have been opened, one
to the depth of nearly six feet, and another from eight to
nine feet; the former contains three layers of phosphatic
56
deposits, averaging each about a foot in thickness. The beds
are less ferruginous, and contain more lime than those in
Bedfordshire. They afford many fossils, some of which are
derivative, and others lived in the sea in which these
deposits were formed. Mr. Walker, of Cambridge, who
first drew attention to these sections, in some valuable
Papers published in the Annals of Natural History, 1866
and 1867, believes them to be of the same age as the con-
glomerate bed, near Potton and the Farringdon Sands, and
therefore belong not to the upper but lower Green Sand.
In the Green Sand at Farnham, in Surrey, nodules chiefly
composed of calcic phosphate, are found in abundance, and
have been extensively employed for economical purposes.
Similar concretions are also present in the Gault, a stratum
of blue clay, which intervenes between the upper and lower
Green Sand. The chalk marl where it immediately overlies
the upper Green Sand also contains them. True coprolites
occur in the chalk, but are too widely diffused to be of any
commercial value. In the Lias, large coprolites of Saurians
are met with, especially at Lyme, and these might possibly
be collected and made available as a manure. These may,
perhaps, be sought for when the Crag and Green Sand
phosphate beds are exhausted, as they must be in time. At
present it is these two formations which yield the greatest
part of our Geological Phosphates. It is perhaps well to
note that the Phosphate Beds in the Crag and Lower Green
Sand present these points of identity, that they are probably
extraneous, derived from other and older formations, and
that a large proportion of the fossils are the same and much
water-worn. We now come to the interesting question from
what source these concretions derived their phosphatic
matter. Although Calcium phosphate is known as a simple
57
element in rocks, * it is I believe generally only present in
very small quantities. It occurs native for example as a
white, amorphous mineral, known under the name of
Phosphorite. It also enters largely into the composition of
the bones of animals. Probably, therefore, a large proportion
of these concretions, both in the Crag and Green Sand, were
obtained chiefly from the decomposition of animal remains,
and partly perhaps from the destruction of rocks containing
Phosphorite, and in some instances from vegetable matter.
Indeed, Mr. Seely is of opinion that the Cambridge nodules
were derived entirely from Zestera and other marine plants,
although I think this is a very questionable source, to the full
extent here suggested. Mr. Walker states that the concre-
tions in Bedfordshire contain a much larger per centage of
Alumina than those in the Green Sand in Cambridgeshire.
This he thinks indicates that they had been formed of clay,
soaked in decomposing animal and vegetable matter, since
the alumina could not be derived from either animal or
vegetable sources.
The following is an analysis of some of the best average
samples of phosphatic nodules from Bedfordshire, made by
Dr. Voelcker. f
Water of Combination ae Bette icon SOT
Phosphoric Acid { to Re eo. sas Locka.
Tames ="... os ae 32.73. ... 26.69.
Magnesia, Alumina, and Flourine,
(by difference.) ... ww» 6.64. 1... 4.51.
Carbonic Acid § ... aoe DeOGs Sent eae
* In a Paper, by Dr. Voelcker, read at the British Association, in 1865, he des-
cribes certain limestones and black shales in the Llandirlo series, (Lower Silurian,)
in North Wales, which are rich in phosphate of lime; in one case the proportion
amounted to 643 percent. The mine he states contains many millions of tons of
valuable phosphatic minerals.
t+ See my Paper on the Green Sand, at Sandy. Geological Magazine, egies re)
{ Equal to Tribassic Phosphate of Lime, (Bone Earth) 48.51. be
§ Equal to Carbonate of Lime oat aaa wwe 6,95. ore “e os
e
58
Oxide of Iron... bee a0 PF OC tera. Ge
Silicious Matter ... vies 2IK9Bis wc HLG:29e
100.00 100.00
The brown rounded pebbles in the Crag contain a large
proportion of calcic phosphate, mixed with calcic carbonate
and flouride, according to Dr. Miller. By these analysis, a
comparison may be drawn between the chemical composition
of the chief depositories of these nodules which are most
valuable for agricultural purposes. They are carefully sort-
ed, washed and ground in a mill, and then treated with an
acid and they become a bi-phosphate, and in due course are
rendered fit for the market. Some persons have an antipathy
to bone manures, under the idea that they are apt to be used by
fraudulent millers and bakers, to mix with the flour. But
as the former article is expensive and usually more costly
than the latter, they need not have much fear on this
account. Perhaps they are not aware that the Pyramids
are rifled of their contents by cunning Arabs; and Egyptian
Mummies are imported into this country, and the dust large-
ly employed, especially in Norfolk and Suffolk as a bone
manure; so that indirectly some of us may be deriving our
bread food from trucculent Egyptian Pharaohs, and dark-eyed
beauties of Thebes and Memphis. I cannot say what they
might have thought of the matter if they had known that
in future ages their dust would have been employed to
improve the soil of a little far distant and then unknown
island, which has since helped to people and civilize a large
portion of the known world.
I now come to the consideration of the peculiar strata
called ‘bone beds,’ which though not of any commercial
59
value,* are of special interest to the Palontologist, and their
history and origin is by no means easy to explain. The
term is applied to certain strata which are almost entirely
composed of the remains of fish and saurians, more or less
rolled and fragmentary. They are known to occur in
several different formations, and always at the close of one
great epoch and the commencement of another, and usually
form the basement or lowest, é.e. earliest formed stratum in
each succeeding group.
In descending Geological order, the following have been
recorded.
1.—‘ Bone bed’ at the base of the lower Green Sand, at its
junction with the Wealden.
2.—Bone bed’ at the base of the Inferior Oolite, { at its
junction with the Lias, which I discovered some years
ago in Gloucestershire, and is probably local and of
limited extent. {
3.—‘Bone bed’ at the base of the Lias, at its junction with
the new red marl or upper division of the New Red
Sandstone, (Trias.) As the sandstones, shelly lime-
stones, and clays, associated with this bone bed are now
separated from the Lias, and classed with the Rheetic
by most Geologists, though some consider them to be
more nearly related to the Trias; it will be better to
consider them as a separate and independent group, but
this will not invalidate the fact that the bone bed comes
in between the two great epochs, the Trias and the Lias,
forming as many of those bone beds do, the passage
beds between one formation and the other.
Bred as it is possible that the Rhostic bone bed may be turned to account
in this way.
+ There are hard, dark nodules both in the Inferior Oolite and Lias, which are
more or less highly charged with Phosphoric Acid, These were discovered to be
phosphatic twenty years ago, by Mr. Beesley, of Banbury, and although this refers
more especially to that immediate neighbourhood, there is no doubt that similar
phosphate nodules occur in both these formations elsewhere.
t Geological Journal, No, 1850-51, Vol. 6 & 7, Part 1.
60
But the fact that these strata at the base of the Lias are
now generally classed with the Rheetics, and therefore inter-
mediate between the Lias and the Trias does not weaken
the argument in favour of a change of life at this particular
time. For while in Germany the whole series including the
St. Cassian group below, are of great thickness, and there-
fore, are entitled to be ranked as a separate and independent
formation; their representatives in England do not exceed 100
feet, and might be fairly considered to be more truly passage
beds though of Rheetic age. I am not aware that any ‘bone
bed’ properly so-called, occurs in the district where the
Rheetic and St. Cassian formations are most largely de-
veloped.
Whether these different bone beds indicate as some
Palzontologists suppose, a break or change in the mineral
and zoological conditions prevailing at the time, or whether
they rather shew a continuity in the Geological record, thus
forming connecting links between one great Geological
period and another, we should in either case expect to find
many new forms of animal life mingled with others which
characterize the older underlying formation; while some
would die out, and perhaps remain peculiar and distinctive,
and a few pass upwards into the later deposits which
succeeded in the order of time.
4.—Bone bed’ at the base of the mountain limestone at its
junction with the old red sandstone.
5.—Bone bed’ at the base of the old red sandstone at its
junction with the Ludlow rock.
We have here then no less than five bone beds in five
distinct Geological formations, all occurring at the close of
one period and the commencement of another, which is so
marked and peculiar that it seems almost impossible to doubt
61
that some similar and prevailing change affected the sea
bottom at each particular epoch, and brought about the condi-
tions necessary to form those singular accumulations of animal
remains, which are appropriately termed ‘bone beds.’ With
the exception of the Rheetic bone bed, all the rest are simply
an aggregation of broken and disconnected fragments of
fish, * chiefly Cestracionts, (sharks,) usually forming a very
thin stratum, seldom exceeding a few inches in thickness,
and probably of limited extent. These fish remains are
usually associated with the marine shells of the period,
though not in any great profusion. The Rheetic bone bed
differs from these in the mixture of rolled and broken frag-
ments of Saurians, with fish remains, and abundant copro-
lites of both, and also in its greater extent and thickness.
For this reason this is the only one which might perhaps be
useful as a manure, as it contains abundance of calcium
phosphate, the others consisting for the most part of remains
of fish, which, however interesting to the Icthyologist, would
be unavailable for this purpose. Unfortunately the Lias
bone bed is highly charged with pyrites, (sulphide of iron)
which sometimes permeates the bones, and gives it an in-
creased hardness and metallic lustre; although there are
some layers where it is very soft and crumbly, and occasion-
ally numerous bones, teeth, &c., are scattered in sandstones
and limestones without pyrites, where they might be turned
to some account; with this view I sent some specimens to
the Great Exhibition, in 1851. Now it is well-known that
sulphuric acid is obtained from the pyrites in the London
clay, possibly this Rheetic pyrites might also be used in the
same way, and if this could be done and the animal remains
picked out and made into a bone manure, the economical
* The Ludlow ‘bone bed’ is an exception, as numerous fragmentary remains of
Crustacea, (Ceratiocaris,) are associated with those of fish.
62
value of the stratum would be two-fold, at all events it is
worth considering. * In many places it could be readily ob-
tained by quarrying, and as it often forms cliffs on the banks
of rivers, as at Wainlode and Westbury, in Gloucestershire,
and Aust Cliff, in Somersetshire, and on the Welsh Coast,
(Pennarth,) which are liable to constant disintegration, the
pieces could be easily collected and turned to good account,
Most of the fish bone beds are of comparatively limited area,
and often entirely local, as the one at the base of the Inferior
Oolite, in the Gloucestershire Cotswolds; the most widely
spread are the ones which belong to the Rheetic and Ludlow
series. The latter is known to occur in its usual position in
Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Shropshire. It rarely ex-
ceeds an inch in thickness, is of a brown colour, very soft,
and resembles ginger bread, and is made up of the commi-
nuted fragments of placoid fish, (chiefly onchus,) coprolites,
and crustaceans. For a long time these fish were supposed
to be the earliest indications of their class, but within the
last few years fish remains have been discovered in the
Lower Ludlow rocks, still lower down in the Silurian, and
therefore proving their existence at a much earlier period.
This is only one of the many instances which prove how
cautious we should be in drawing definite conclusions too
hastily from mere negative evidence. The safest way is
simply to state that as far as present discoveries have gone
no traces of certain animals have been found lower down,
* My friend Mr, Beesley has kindly analysed some specimens of the bone bed
for me, and states that it contains 35 per cent of phosphate of lime, and that the
bone is readily soluble in diluted Hydrochloric acid, whilst the sulphide is entirely
inacted on. The thicker mass at Coombe Hill contains only 20 per cent. He
suggests that the simplest plan of utilismg the Phosphoric acid would be to pour
off the clear liquid, and use it as a liquid manure, adding first, if excess of acidity
is an objection, milk of lime to complete the precipitaton of the Phosphate of lime.
If the quantity was large, it might answer to burn it, producing sulphuric acid
from the gases of its combustion, and then operating upon the residue with either
hydrochloric acid, or sulphuric acid; or even it might be ground and applied at once
to the land, as it would not be insoluble in carbonate water, like the so-called
‘coprolites,’ and the residue of peroxide of iron would not be injurious to the land.
The excess of Pyrites makes it undesirable to grind and apply it at once to the soil
without some previous preparation.
63
but that future investigations made, lead to very unexpected
and unlooked for results. Hasty generalizations in Science
are always to be deprecated and avoided.
The Rheetic ‘bone bed,’ as before stated, is present at the
base of the Lias, and reposes immediately on the Red Marl,
the top of the Trias or new red sandstone. Generally it
forms one thin stratum, of a dark colour, almost black,
charged more or less with pyrites, and is entirely composed
of the rolled and comminuted fragments of fish and Saurians.
In some places there are two or three distinct ‘bone beds,’ *
divided by shale, limestone, or coarse sandstone, and some-
times there is a band of limestone, often arenaceous full of
bones, coprolites, and teeth. Whatever the matrix may be
in different localites, and however variable in thickness, it is
always characterized by the same organic remains. It
probably attains its greatest thickness at Aust Cliff, on the
banks of the Severn, in Somersetshire, where it contains
some large palatal teeth of the remarkable fish Ceratodus.
From Westbury Cliff I obtained a very large vertebra of an
Icthyosaurus, indicating a Saurian of great size. Long be-
fore the strata at the base of the Lias were assigned to the
Rheetic; holding an intermediate position between that
formation and the Trias, my friend Sir Philip Egerton our
great authority on fossil fish, from the peculiar character
of those in this bone bed, referred it to the upper New red
sandstone. Some are peculiar to it, and others belong to
species which prevail in the Muschelkalk, a calcareous, and
* At Watchet there are three separate ‘bone beds,’ the first is a thin conglomerate
of bones and teeth, a little more than two inches thick, underlaid by a sandy marl*
with similar fossils, two feet thick. Still lower is a sandy stratum, bone bed,
with quartz pebbles and limestone nodules, with same fish remains as in bone beds
above, somewhat more than two inches thick. Black shale, and then another bone
bed, with same and additional fossils, two to three inches. Shells peculiar to the
Rheetics occur more or less in all these bone beds, but belong to different genera,
some being common to each. Rolled fragments of large reptilian bones are also
noticed here by Mr, Dawkins, and one hollow bone supposed by him to belong to
a Pterodactyle,
64
highly fossiliferous deposit, between the Keuper and the
Bunter, unknown in this country, but largely developed in
Germany. Among the genera, common to both, are Hybodus,
plicatilis, Saurichthys apicalis, Gyrolepis tenuistriatus, and
Alberti, (the two latter are Sauroid fish,) Acrodus minimus,
and Sargodon Tomicus. Other fish such as Ceratodus, Squa-
loraia and Lepidotus, are also associated with the above ; the
last has a very wide range, and passes upwards through the
Lias and Oolites into the Wealden.
In addition to these facts which gives a special interest to
this singular deposit, it has another and more important one
to the Palzontologist, in the occurrence of the teeth of
Mammalia, which although only indicating a very diminutive
Mammal, is of great importance as shewing their existence
at this period.
Mr. Dawkins discovered a tooth of a Mammal (Hypsi-
prymnopsis Rheetica) allied to the Kangaroo rats,* in strata
of this age at Watchet; another has since been found in
Devonshire, and my friend Mr. C. Moore, has previously
described a small Mammalian (Microlestes) tooth in detritus,
derived from these Rhetic beds at Frome in Somerset-
shire. Previous to these discoveries in England, a small
tooth (Microlestes antiquus) belonging to this class has
been observed at Wurtemberg, in Germany, in a bone bed
of similar date. These are not the earliest indications of
the presence of Mammalia, because a small tooth Dromathe-
rium sylvestre is stated to have been detected in the new
Red Sandstone in America, which is so far the earliest proof
yet known of any animals of this high class, but it would
not be surprising if others were found in still older
formations.
ed Be EE eS ee eS Se
* This interesting tooth was found by Mr. Dawkins, at Watchet, in the grey
marls beneath the ‘bone bed,’ and therefore strictly speaking, is somewhat older,
and are classed by him as lower Rhetic, Proceedings Geological Society, 1864,
65
The Saurians, chiefly Icthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus are
well known genera in the Lias, and I am not aware that
there are any species which are peculiar to the bone breccia
of the Rheetics. The range of this singular stratum is very
considerable, extending over an area of nearly 200 miles,
which in such a thin stratum is rather remarkable. It has
been noticed at Axmouth in Devonshire, at Aust Cliff, and
Watchet, and elsewhere in Somersetshire, Lyme Dorset, at
Pennarth and St. Hiliary in Glamorganshire, in the Mendips
near Wells,t Westbury and Wainlode Cliffs in Gloucester-
shire,} Coombe Hill near Tewkesbury, near Binton in
Warwickshire, Knowle being its furthest northern limit{ in
this county, and it has been observed at Gainsborough, still
further to the north; but has not yet been detected in
Yorkshire. There are other interesting points inland where
it is known, and would no doubt be found at many others if
available sections were afforded.
In 1861, my friend Mr. C. Moore, in an important
paper on the Rheetic beds, in the Journal of the Geological
Society, 1861, pointed out the identity of the series of
rocks which contain the bone beds with certain formations in
the Austrian Alps, upwards of 4000 feet thick, and there
termed Rheetic(Rheetia) but in England reduced to a thickness
of one hundred, and sometimes not more than thirty-five
feet. The shells are for the most part of small size
and peculiar to this series; some of the species described
by him are new, and others are common to the same zone
on the continent. They are usually met with in the strata
associated with the bone bed, and more rarely in connection
with it, Whether these different bone beds are absolutely
+ See my Paper in Journal of the Geological Society.
t Fossil Insects, (Brodie.)
§ See another Paper in Proceedings of Warwickshire Naturalists’ Field Club.
66
continuous or not (as they really seem to be) the similarity
of lithological structure of these ichthyolite breccias tends
to shew the uniformity of conditions over large areas. It is
more difficult to explain the cause of the accumulation
and destruction of so many fish and lizards over a large
extent of sea bottom at the same time. Some Geologists
attribute the sudden destruction of animal life (as it no
doubt was in many cases) to noxious gases emitted by
submarine volcanoes, and it may perhaps have been so in
this instance. The action of strong and variable currents is
attested by the rolled quartz and other pebbles, (often form-
ing conglomerates intermingled with bone) previously men-
tioned, and the comminuted condition of the animal remains,
which must have been present in enormous quantities, and
were evidently deposited in masses at the bottom of the sea,
and cemented together by iron pyrites in thin layers. It has
been already stated that these osseous conglomerates whenever
they have been as yet recognised, always occur at the close
of one formation and the commencement of another, and it is
just then that we have often a marked difference in the fauna
and flora, and in the mineral conditions of the two epochs
and it is evident that the chemical and mechanical change,
whatever it was, must have largely affected the marine fauna,
and may have partly brought about the sudden destruction
of the animals whose remains constitute the ‘bone bed.’
Some years ago, an account was published of a similar
formation having been discovered by dredging at the bottom
of the sea, where extensive accumulations of the remains of
fish were noticed, consisting chiefly of broken bones, teeth,
and scales, spread over a considerable space both in length
and breadth, thus constituting a modern ‘bone bed,’ and
illustrating some of those described in this paper. It is fair
67
to presume that the same causes which produced the one
produced the other. Unfortunately I cannot refer to the
article, otherwise, I might be able to give a further account
of it.
I have dwelt longer upon the history of the Rheetic bone
bed, because of its greater extent and possible application
for economical purposes, for it is the only one which would
be likely to be available in this way. The discoveries of
modern science have laid open so many new sources for the
practical application of the rocks, which form the crust of
the earth that we can scarcely set a limit to their utilization,
and we may look forward to many other and as yet hidden
stores of general advantage to the public. *
* One instance of this among many may be cited. The Kimmeridge Clay on the
Dorset Coast, is now worked for the bituminous shale, which is used for making
candles, and it yields an excellent gas, and is valuable asa manure. When distilled
it produces valuable oils, and the residuum can be made into hydraulic cement.
The Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archzologists’ Field
Club held their Annual Winter Meeting in the Museum,
Warwick, by kind permission of the Council, on the 7th of
March, 1871, when the following papers were read:—First.
On the Domestic and Military Architecture of the Early
Inhabitants of the British Islands, (with illustrations,) by
Dr. O’Callaghan, LL.D., &c. Second,—On the Nature,
Origin, and Geological History of Amber, by the Rev. P. B.
Brodie, M.A., F.G.S , Vice-President, &c.
The First Summer Meeting was held at Moreton-in-the-
Marsh, on May 16, 1871. The Members belonging chiefly
to the Geological Section of the Club ; the day was devoted
to Geology; the drift was examined at Little Wolford, and
68
the Church and an old Manor House visited; and some
interesting quarries of Middle Lias, full of fossils, and the rich
Coral bed in same zone, at Cherrington. It was intended to
have visited Brailes and Compton Wynyates, but there was
no time to carry out this plan which was therefore reserved
for a future occasion.
On the 8rd of July, the Members were invited to
assemble at Leeds Castle, by the kindness of the President,
W. Martin, Esq., M.P. This meeting as might be expected
was largely attended. The Archzologists visited Rochester
Castle and Cathedral, Kitt’s Cotty House, Luton, Knole
Hall, Maidstone, and Canterbury. The Geologists visited the
L. G. Sand quarries at Maidstone, the Wealden at Bethers-
den, the famous Chalk pits at Halling and Burham; and the
Botanists obtained many interesting plants in the district.
The Archeological Meeting specially devoted to Arch-
eology, was held at Tamworth, on the 27th July, 1871.
The following places were visited during the day, the Town
Fortifications, the Castle, Church, Town Hall and Dungeons,
Bole Bridge, Alvecote Priory, Pooley Hall, Shuttington
Church and Camp, Seckington Church and Tumulus.
The last Meeting took place at Kenilworth and Meriden,
the Archxologists inspecting the Castle and Meriden; and
the Geologists the Permian quarries at both places.
69
Additions to the Museum and Library.
GEOLOGY.
DONATIONS.
Fossil Bones, from Gravel pits between Barford and Tachbrooke,
Parish of Barford. Presented by J. S. Baly, Esq., and Mr.
Rainbow, junr.
Large slab of Wealden, with Paludina, from Bethersden, Kent.
Presented by A. Keene, Esq.
Pecten, sp? Hamites. Cyclocyathus Fittoni. Belemnites Listeri,
Cinulea inflata, Nucula pectinata, Notopocorsytes Stokesii, Belem-
nites, Hemiaster Baleyii, Rostellaria costata. Gault, Folkestone,
Kent. Presented by Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Paludina, Wealden, Bethersden, (Kent.) Belemnites mucronatus,
Chalk, (Kent.) Conus, London Clay, (Bracklesham.) Natica,
Venericardia planicosta, London Clay, (Salisbury.) Cyprina Morristi
Thanet Sands, Reculvers, (Kent.) Presented by Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Head of Ichthyosaurus, (very large,) Upper Lias, Whitby. Presented
by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq.
Vertebra, (large) of Cétiosaurus, from Padley’s Quarry, Chipping Norton;
Lima grandis, and Lima proboscidea, from Inferior Oolite, Combe
Hill, Barford, St. John’s, Oxon. Presented by T. Beasley, Esq.,
Banbury.
Fossils from the collection of the late J. Faulkner, Esq., of Dedding-
ton. Presented by his Executors.
Ammonites, Stonefield Slate, Eyeford, Gloucestershire. Presented by
Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Paleoniscus elegans and P. comtus, Marl Salte, Magnesian Limestone,
(Durham.) Presented by Rev. P. B. Brodie.
Ammonites Densinodus, (large,) and group of Gryphytes, from Fenny
Compton. Presented by J. W. Kirshaw, Esq.
Pecten Thiollieri, L. Lias, Fenny Compton. Presented by Rev. P. B.
Brodie.
Ammonites rotiformis, L. Lias, Stockton. Presented by J. W.
Kirshaw, Esq.
MISCELLANEOUS.
DONATIONS.
Trilingual Inscription at Sau, by 8. Birch, LL.D., F.S.A.
Cast of the Head of the Dodo in the Museum at Oxford. Presented
by the Rev. A. Bloxam.
Arctic Tern, shot at Baggington. Presented by J. Wimbridge, Esq.
Hooded Crow. Presented by J. Wimlridge, Esq.
70
Hooded Merganser, Merguscucullatus. Presented by Philips, Esq.
Whitmore Park, Coventry.
Pair of Antique Shoes. Presented by Mr. William Sleath.
LIBRARY.
DONATIONS.
Proceedings of the Warwickshire Naturalists’ and Archeologists’ Field
Club for 1871. Presented by that Society.
“The Barons’ Wars,” by Blauw. Presented by F. Manning, Esq.
The following 8 Works were Presented by Evelyn Philip
Shirley, Hsq., F.S.A.
1. Some account of the Etrin or dominions of Fancy, 4to, London, 1845.
2. Inventory of the effects of Henry Howard, K. C., Earl of North-
hampton. 4to, London, 1870.
3. On the descent and Arms of the House of Compton of Compton
Wyniate. 4to, London, 1870.
4. Some account of English Deer Parks, with notes on the manage-
ment of Deer. 4to, London, 1867.
5. Lower Eatington, its Manor House and Church, privately printed
4to, London, 1869.
6. Lough Fea, 2nd Edition, privately printed, 4to, London, 1870.
7. Original letters of Sir Thomas Pope, K., communicated to the
Philobiblon Sec.
8. A Sermon preached by the Rev. W. B., D.D., at the consecration
of the church of St. Patrick of Ardragh in the Diocese of
Clogher, October 13th, 1868. 4to, London, 1869.
LIBRARY.
PURCHASES.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. 8 and 9, 4th series.
CampEn Soctery’s PUBLICATIONS.
No.1. New series, the Fortescue Papers relating to state affairs.
Letters and Papers of John Shillingford, Mayor of
Exeter, 1447—50.
The Old Cheque Book of the Chapel Royal from
1561 to 1744.
sig Ace. 55 » The Life of Bishop Bedale, and Bishop of
Kilmore, in Ireland.
Geological Magazine, 82 to 93.
Popular Science Review, 39 to 43.
” 2. ” ”
» 3. ” »
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73
OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.
1871—72.
PATRON.
Tur Ricut HonorasLe THE EARL OF WARWICK.
PRESIDENT..
Tue Ricut HonorasLeE Lorp Dormer.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
Tur Ricut HonorasLe THE Eart or AYLESFORD.
Cuartes Hoxite Bracesrinvce, Esa.
James Duapatr, Esa.
Tue Richt HonorasLe THE Eart or CAMPERDOWN.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.NS.
Tue Rigut Honoraste Lorp Leien, F.Z.S.
Georce Luoyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S.
Sir Georce Ricuarp Parties, Bart.
Marx Purties, Esq.
Evetyn Puitie Surreiry, Esq., F.S.A.
JoHN STAUNTON, Esq.
Tue Riecut Honorable Lorp WILLOUGHBY DE BROOKE.
Henry CuristopHer Wise, Esq., M.P.
HONORARY SECRETARIES.
Tae Rey. Perer Beviincer Brovis, M.A., F.G.S.
Joun Witiiam Kirsaaw, F.G.S.
74
HONORARY CURATORS.
Geology und ineralogy.
The REV. P. B. BRODIE, M.A., F.G.S. JOHN WILLIAM KIRSHAW, F.G.S.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq, M.D., F.G.S. R. F, TOMES, Esq, F.Z.S.
Hotany,
FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Ese., F.B.S.E. | F. E. KITCHENER, Esq, F.LS.
Mr. H. PRATT.
Zoology.
GEORGE LLOYD, Esq, MD.,F.GS. | ROBERT FISHER TOMES, Esq, F.ZS.
The REV. HENRY J. TORRE, B.A.
Entomology.
THE REV. W. BREE. | J. S. BALY, Esq, F.L.S., M.E.S.
Archeology.
MATTHEW HOLBECHE BLOXAM, Esq. | JOHN FETHERSTON, Jon., Esq. F.S.A-
P. O';CALLAGHAN, Esq, LL.D, D.C.L., F.S.A.
AUDITOR.
M. H. LAKIN, Esq.
COUNCIL.
The PATRON THOMAS COTTON, Esa.
The PRESIDENT MAJOR GENERAL JOHN H. FREER
The VICE-PRESIDENTS THE REV. PHILIP S. HARRIS
The HONORARY SECRETARIES THOMAS LLOYD, Esa.
The HONORARY CURATORS W. H. PARSEY, Esq., M.D.
The TREASURER JOSIAH YEOMANS ROBINS, Esa.
The AUDITOR THOMAS SEDDON SCHOLES, Esq.
WILLIAM EDWARD BUCK, Esq. THOMAS THOMSON, Ese., M.D.
The REY. WILLIAM BREE JOHN TIBBITS, Ese., M.D.
Rey. JAMES REYNOLDS YOUNG.
75
LIST OF MEMBERS,
1872.
HONORARY MEMBERS.
Tue Rev. Apam Sepewick, B.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,
Canon of Norwich, Vice-Master of Trinity College, and
Woodwardian Professor of Geology in the University of
Cambridge, sc.
Rozert Epmonp Grant, M.D., F.R.SS. L.& E., F.R.C.P.E.
F.L.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S., Professor of Comparative Anatomy
and Zoology at the University College, London, §c.,
Grafton Place, Euston Square, London.
Joun Pumps, Esq., M.A., F.RS., FG.S., Professor of
Geology, and Keeper of the Museum in the University
Oxford, &c., Oxford.
LisuTenant-CoLoneL Witi1am Henry Sykes, M-P.,
F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S., &c., 47, Albion Street, Hyde
Park, London.
Samurt Brrcu, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Keeper of Oriental
Antiquities, British Museum, Corresponding Member of
the Institute of France, and of the Academies of Berlin,
Gottingen, Herculaneum, &c., &c.
Apert Way, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Hon. Sec. of the British
Archeological Institute, Corr. Mem. of the “ Comité des
Arts et Monuments, Wonham, near Reigate, Surrey.
George Lioyp, Esq., M.D., F.G.S., Birmingham Heath.
’
76
MEMBERS.
THOSE MARKED THUS * ARE LIFE SUBSCRIBERS.
The Right Honorable Earl of Aylesford, Packington Hall,
Vice-President.
Mr. James Baly, Warwick.
J. S. Baly, Esq., F.L.S., M.E.S., Warwick, Member of
Council.
Richard Barnett, Esq., Coten End, Warwick.
Matthew Holbeche Bloxam, Esq., Rugby, Hon. Curator.
*Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq., Atherstone Hall, Vice-
President.
Rev. William Bree, Allesley, near Coventry, Member of
Council.
The Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, M.A., F.G S., Rowington,
Hon. Secretary and Geological Curator.
John Coulson Bull, Esq., Leamington.
Mrs. Buffery, Emscote, Warwick.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Warwick, Warwick
Castle, Patron.
William Edward Buck, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
Charles Marriott Caldecott, Esq., Holbrooke Grange, near
Rugby.
P. O'Callaghan, Esq., LL.D., D.C.L., F.S.A., Leamington,
Member of Council.
Henry Chance, Esq., Sherbourne, Warwick.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Clarendon, the Grove,
Watford. ;
Mr. John Hall Clark, Warwick.
Mr. Samuel William Cooke, Warwick.
John M. Cooke, Esq., Warwick.
Thomas Cotton, Esq., Park-field House, Kenilworth,
Member of Council.
77
Thomas Bellamy Dale, Esq., Warwick.
The Right Honourable Lord Dormer, Grove Park,
President.
The Right Honorable the Earl of Camperdown, Vice-
President.
James Dugdale, Esq., Wroxhall Abbey, Vice-President.
John Fetherston, Junr., Esq., F.S.A., Packwood House,
Hockley Heath, Birmingham, Hon. Curator.
Captain Fosbery, the Castle Park, Warwick.
Major General John Harbidge Freer, Kenilworth, Member
of Council.
Thomas Garner, Esq., Wasperton Hill.
*Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P., Avonside, Barford, Vice-
President and Treasurer.
Mrs. Greaves, the Cliffe, Warwick.
Miss Greenway, Warwick.
Kelynge Greenway, Esq., Warwick, Member of Council.
The Rev. William Grice, M.A., Kenilworth Road
Leamington.
The Rev. H. Hayman, D.D., Rugby.
Mrs. Harris, No. 19, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury,
London, W.€.
Sir Robert N. C. Hamilton, Bart., K.C.B., Avon Cliff,
Stratford-on-Avon.
The Rev. Philip S. Harris, Leycester Hospital, Warwick,
Member of Council.
Mellor Hetherington, Esq., Edston Hall.
Richard Child Heath, Esq. Warwick.
William Oakes Hunt, Esq., Stratford-on-Avon.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F.S.A., M.N.S., Loxley House,
Vice-President.
2
Alfred Keene, Esq., Eastnor House, Leamington.
78
F. E. Kitchener, Esq., F.L.S., Rugby.
Miss Kimberley, Warwick.
John William Kirshaw, F.G.S., Warwick, Hon. Secretary
and Hon. Geological Curator.
Michael H. Lakin, Esq., Warwick.
Thomas Lloyd, Esq., the Priory, Warwick, Member of
Council.
The Right Honorable Lord Leigh, F.Z.S., Stoneleigh
Abbey, Vice-President.
The Rev. John Lucy, M.A., Hampton Lucy.
Philip Wykeham Martin, Esq., M.P., Leeds Castle, Kent.
Mr. James Mallory, Warwick.
John Moore, Esq., Warwick.
George H. Nelson, Esq., Warwick.
Philip William Newsam, Esq., Warwick.
T. H. G. Newton, Esq., Barrell’s Park, Henley-in-Arden.
William Henry Parsey, Esq., M.D., Hatton, Member of
Council.
Arthur Wellesley Peel, Esq., M.P., Sandy, Bedfordshire.
Sir George Richard Philips, Bart., Weston Hall, near
Shipston-upon-Stour, Vice-President.
Mark Philips, Esq., Park House, Snitterfield, Vice-
President.
The Hon. and Rev. E. V. R. Powys, Edmonscote House,
Warwick.
Mr. H. Pratt, Market Square, Warwick.
The Rev. James Riddle, M.A., Beauchamp Terrace East,
Leamington.
Josiah Yeomans Robins, Esq.. Myton, Member of Council.
The Rev. Edmund Roy, M.A., Kenilworth.
Thomas Seddon Scholes, Esq., Irlam Lodge, Warwick Place,
Leamington, Member of Council.
79
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., F.S.A., Eatington Park, near
Stratford-upon-Avon, Vice-President.
William Smith, Esq., Warwick.
John Staunton, Esq., Longbridge House, Member of Council.
Thomas Thomson, Esq., M.D., No. 3, Clarence Terrace,
Leamington, Vice-President.
John Tibbits, Esq., M.D., Warwick, Member of Council.
Robert Fisher Tomes, Esq., F.Z.S., Welford, near Strat-
ford-on-Avon, Hon. Curator.
The Rev. Henry John Torre, B.A., Norton, Hon Curator.
Frederick Townsend, Esq., M.A., F.B.S.E., Oakfield,
Leamington, Hon. Curator.
C. F. Trepplin, Esq., Leek Wootton.
James Robert West, Esq., Alscot Park, near Stratford-
upon-Avon.
*George Whieldon, Esq., Springfield House, near Bedworth.
George Williams, Esq., Haseley.
The Right Honourable Lord Willoughby-de-Broke,
Compton Verney, Vice-President.
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq., M.P., Woodcote, Leek
Wooton, Vice-President.
J. Wimbridge, Esq., Warwick.
Edward Wood, Esq., Newbold Hall, Rugby.
The Rev. James Reynolds Young, M.A., Whitnash.
1836—1853
1853—1871
1836—1837
1837—1838
1838—1839
1839—1840
1840—1841
1841—1842
1842—1843
1843—1844
1844—1845
1845—1846
1846—1847
1847—1848
1848—1849
1849—1850
1850—1851
1851—1852
1852—1853
1853—1854
1854—1855
1855—1856
1856—1857
1857—1858
1858—1859
1859 —1860
1860—1861
1861—1862
1862—1863
1863—1864
1864—1865
1865—1866
1866—1867
1867—1868
1868—1869
1869—1870
1870—1871
1871—1872
80
Vist of Putrons aud Presidents.
From 1836 to 1872.
PATRONS.
The Right Honourable Henry Richard Greville, Earl
Brooke and Earl of Warwick, K.T., LL.D.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Earl
Brooke and Earl of Warwick.
PRESIDENTS.
Chandos Leigh, Hsq., F.H.S.
Sir John Mordaunt, Bart., M.P.
Sir John Eardly Hardly Wilmot, Bart.,
William Holbeche, Esq., F.G.S.
The Right Honourable George Guy Greville, Lord
Brooke.
Charles Holt Bracebridge, Esq.
William Staunton, Esq.
Sir Francis Lawiey, Bart., F.H.S., F.Z.8.
Sir Gray Skipworth, Bart.
The Most Honourable Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton.
Sir John Robert Cave Browne Cave, Bart.,
Marquess of Northampton, D.C.L., Presment R.S.,
¥.8.A., Hon. M.R.LA., F.G.S.
Evelyn John Shirley, Esq., M.P.
The Honourable William Henry Leigh.
Sir Theophilus Biddulph, Bart.
Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq.
Mark Philips Esq.
Henry Christopher Wise, Esq.
John Staunton, Esq.
Walter Henry Bracebridge, Esq.
Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq.
The Right Honourable Lord Leigh, F.Z.S.
Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq.
The Rev. Vaughan Thomas, B.D.
Sir George Richard: Philips, Bart.
Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P.
Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P.
John Staunton. Esq.
John Staunton, Esq.
Richard Greaves, Esq.
Richard Greaves, Esq.
James Cove Jones, Esq., F
James Cove Jones, Esq., F
James Dugdale, Esq.
James Dugdale, Esq.
Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P.
Edward Greaves, Esq., M.P.
MP., F.RBS.
'9.A., MNS.
8.4., MNS.
81
The Meetings of the Council are held on the First
Tuesday in the Months of July, October, and January, and
the Annual Meetings on the Friday in Easter week.
The Mustvum is open daily to the Members and their
Friends, from Eleven o’clock to Five between the First of
March and the Thirty-first of October, and from Eleven
o’clock to Four between the First of November and the
last day of February.
Non-Subscribers are admitted on payment of an admission
fee of sixpence each.
The Museum is free to the Inhabitants of Warwick on
Mondays and Tuesdays.
The Annual Subscriptions for 1872 are due on the 24th
day of May, and the Council request that the Subscribers
will cause them to be paid to the Treasurer, at the Bank of
Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Greenways, Warwick; or to
Mr. William Delatour Blackwell, the Collector of Subscrip-
tions, Leicester Street, Leamington.
PERRY, PRINTER, WARWICK,
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