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LIBRARY 

OF    THE 

PHILADELPHIA 

MUSEUM 

OF    ART 


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0/      A,       £*?**' ■ 

»~^      <^~<~^^^^    *^-£,    ~/  ^£/^    ^rde^U^M  fry*. 


v  3tvtCi/(  fitrraturr,  Utnnmrnx^ 

Manufactures,  I  and  Politics. 


( ?w  *f?$k* 


.  I''     ^ 


THK 


Bepoattorp 


o* 


ARTS,  LITERATURE,  COMMERCE, 

Manufactures ,  Fashions,  and  Politics, 


For  JANUARY,  1809. 


Stjr  iriwc  .Rumbrr. 


EMBELLISHMENTS. 

1.  Tico  whole-length  Figures  of  London  Fashions  for  the  Month. 
'2.  The  Repository  of  Arts,  101,  Strand. 

3.  Fashionable  Furniture. 

4.  Sporting  Vignettes. 

5.  Allegorical  Wood-cut,  Kith  real  Patterm  of  British  Marruf^, 


CONTENTS. 


PACE 

Introduction  to  the    History   of 

the  Arts 1 

Method  of  computing  the  Begin- 
ning of  the  Year 2 

Art  of  War 3 

Naval  Architecture 4- 

Writing-— Printing 5 

Stereotype 6 

Foulis  and  Tilloch— -Specification  of 

their  Patent 8 

Chemistry .10 

Imitation  of  Pindar  ......    1  4- 

History  of  Fan-hy-cheu     .     .     .     .   15 

Method  of  making  Coflee  in  Ger- 
many {with  a  Wood-cut)       .     .17 
Apparatus  used  for  unrolling  Papyri 

[xsith  u  Wood-cut)      ....  20 


PACF 


Description  of  a  mourning  Ring  of 

William  111.  {with  a  Wood-cut)  22 

Law  Report 

Retrospect  of  Politics  for  1808    .     .  23 

Literary  Intelligence 3d 

Medical  Report || 

Agricultural  Report 51 

Fashions  for  Ladies  and  Gentlemen      5'A 

Repository  of  Arts 5J 

Fashionable  Furniture 54 

British  Sports 50 

Allegorical  Wood-cut,  with  Patterns 

of  British  Manufacture    .     .     .58 

Poetry 5q 

Markets.  Fairs,   Ac 00 

London  Prices,  Markets,   Sec.   &c. 

ib.  01,  6-\  63 
Meteorological  Journal      ;      .     .     .  *4- 


■-   A  *** 


TO  CORRESPONDENTS. 

WE  have  received  two  Letters  inclosing  Specimens  of  Poetry,  and  sliull  be  glad  to 
have  a  personal  communication  with  the  Writer. 

Three  Letters,  under  the  signature  of  A  Well-wisher,  Vn  Ami,  and  A  Man  of 
I  .i>hion,  (ex'idently  written  by  the  same  person)  aje  received.  The  Editor  proposes 
to  adopt  the  policy  of  Frederic  the  Great  with  respect  to  all  Communications  of  this 
nature. 

The  Account  of  Montreal  shall  appear  in  oumext.  The  Communications  of  this 
Writer,  on  the  Natural  History  of  that  part  of  the  world,  will  be  received  with 
pleasure. 

We  have  been  reluctantly  obliged  to  abridge  some  of  the  Papers  for  this  Month 
notwithstanding  we  have  given  Sixteen  Pages  of  Letter-press  more  than  the  prospectus 
announced.  This  has  arisen  in  some  degree  from  the  late  period  of  the  Month  in 
which  they  were  communicated.  Our  Correspondents  will  particularly  oblige  us  by 
.sending,  in  future,  such  Communications  as  are  intended  for  the  following  Month, 
before  the  15th, 

Hints  for  the  Improvement  of  Beauty  are  received,  and  will  appear  in  our  next  ; 
also,  a  Letter  on  the  real  Causes  of  the  Situation  of  the  West  India  Planters,  in  re- 
ply to  some  Observations  in  the  Monthly  Review  for  last  Montis 


TO  THE  PUBLIC. 

WE  propose  to  begin  the  Deaths,   Marriages,  Bankruptcies,  and  some  general 
Tables,  from  the  1st  January,    1809. 


THE 


3&rpo£ttorp 


OF 


ARTS,  LITERATURE,  COMMERCE, 

Manufactures^  Fashions^   and  Politics^ 
For  JANUARY,  1809. 


%fyz  j?ir0t  Jtambrr. 


-The  suffrage  of  the  wise, 


The  praise  that's  worth  ambition,  is  attained 
By  sense  alone,  aud  dignity  of  luind. 


Armstrong. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  USEFUL  AND 

POLITE  ARTS. 


At  the  commencement  of  a  new 
year*,  it  seems  natural  to  pause,  and 
look  back  upon  the  period  which 
has  just  been  completed,  to  review 
the  more  important  events,  to  exa- 
mine their  causes  and  consequences, 
and  to  form  some  kind  of  estimate 
of  their  relation  to  ourselves  indivi- 

*  The  computation  of  the  beginning 
of  the  year  has  been  varied  at  different 
periods  of  our  history,  and  was  never  le- 
gally settled  for  civil  affairs  till  the  par- 
liamentary alteration  of  our  calendar. 
From  Bede's  time  down  to  the  Norman 
conquest,  the  constant  practice  was,  to 
compute  the  year  from  Christmas-day. 
After  the  conquest,  Gervaise,  a  monk  of 
Canterbury,   mentions  several   different 

No.  I.    Vol.  I. 


dually,  or  as  the}-  tend  more  gene- 
rally to  affect  the  aggregate  of  hu- 
man happiness.  Feelings  of  a  si. 
milar  nature  lead  us,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  a  new  work,  which 
embraces  so  w  ide  a  circle,  to  trace 
the  map  of  literature,  to  examine 
the  progress  of  discovery  in  the  arts 


ways  of  computation  during  the  twelfth 
and  thirteenth  centuries;  some  from  the 
Annunciation,  the  Nativity,  the  Circum- 
cision, and  others  from  the  Passion  of  our 
Lord:  but  he  chu>es  to  fix  the  commence- 
ment of  the  vear  to  Christmas-dav  ;  "  be- 
cause," says  he,  "  we  compute  the  age  of 
men  from  their  birth."  Matthew  Piris 
and  others  prove  this  uncertaintv  for 
manv  vears  afterwards.  T.  VYalsinsrham, 
B 


8 


INTRODUCTION    TO    THE 


and  sciences,  to  follow  Ihoir  respec- 
tive boundaries,  to  ascertain  their 

extent,  and  finally,  to  form  some 
opinion  of  their  value,  as  they  affect 
our  morals  and  our  manners.  It  is 
universally  admitted,  that  to  culti- 
vate a  taste  tor  the  arts,  and  an  ac- 
quaintance with  the  sciences,  is  a 
pleasure  of  the  most  refined  nature  : 

but  todo  this  without  regard  toits  in- 
fluenee  upon  the  passions  and  affec- 
tions, is  to  '•  tear  a  tree  for  its  blos- 
Boms,  which  is  capable  of  \  ielding 

the  richest  and  most  valuable  fruit." 
The  cultivation  of  this  taste  may  and 
ouirht  to  be  subservient  to  higher 
and  more  important  purposes  :  it 
should  dignify  and  exalt  our  affec- 
tions, and  elevate  them  to  the  admi- 
ration and  love  of  that  Being  an  ho 
i>  the  author  of  every  thing  that  is 

one  of  the  most  accurate  of  the  monkish 
writers,  begins  the  year  sometimes  from 
tin  Circumcision,  and  at  others  from 
Christmas.  There  is  reason  to  believe, 
that  the  custom  of  computing  from  the 
Annunciation  began  about  the  year 
1+50. 

Thomas  Chandler,  who  was  chancellor 
of  Oxon  from  1  t58  to  lMi'2,  in  his  short 
account  of  William  of  \\  ickhani,  printed 
by  Warton  (Aug.  Sacra,  h.  355.)  begins 
this  year  with  the  Annunciation.  Bishop 
m,  who  wrote  at  the  beginning  of 
the  seventeenth  century,  computes  from 
the  first  day  of  January  ;  but  then  he 
wrote  for  the  use  of  foreigners,  who  had 
no  other  way  of  computation. 

At  I;.  Reformation  the  commencement 
of  the  year  was  fixed  to  the  feast  of  the 
Annunciation,  by  adding  the  following 
rubric  to  the  table  of  movable  feasts  for 
forty  year-,   viz. 

"  Note,  That  thesupputationoftheyear 

of  our  Lord  in  the  church  of  England  be- 

tk  the  25th  of  March,  the  same  day 

supposed  to  be  the  fir  at  day  upon  which  the 

World  was  created,    and    the   day  when 


fair,  sublime,  and  good  in  nature. 
Indeed  scepticism  and  irreligionare 
hardly  compatible  with  that  sensi- 
bility of  heart  which  results  from  an 
intimate  knowledge  of,  and  a  lively 
relish  for,  the  w  isdom,  harmony,  and 
[  order  subsisting  in  the  world  around 
us.  In  the  discussion  of  subjects 
which  occupy  so  much  of  our  at- 
tention, and  exercise  so  large  a  por- 
tion of  our  ingenuity,  it  is  natural 
to  begin  with  the  most  curious  as 
well  as  interesting.      Indeed 

u  The  proper  study  of  mankind,  is  mm   " 

he  is  the  center  round  which  the 
arts  and  sciences  may  be  said  to  re- 
volve, for  whose  comfort  they  were 
bestowed,  and  by  whom  they  are  to 
be  enjoyed.  The  mind,  accustomed 
to  a  beginning  of  things,  feels  an 
anxiety  to  trace  him  in  the  rude  and 


Christ  was  conceived  in  the  womb  of  the 
virgin  Mary."  It  stood  thus  down  to  the 
Savoy  conference,  soon  after  the  Resto- 
ration, when  it  was  thought  proper  tore- 
tain  the  order  and  drop  the  reason ;  in 
this  shape  it  was  continued  until  the  alte- 
ration of  the  calendar. 

In  civil  affairs,  the  vcar  of  the  kind's 
reign  seems  to  have  been  the  general 
date  even  in  common  deeds,  till  after  the 
Restoration. 

During  Cromwell's  usurpation  the^r«r 
of  our  Lord  was  introduced,  because 
tbey  did  not  choose  to  date  by  the  years 
of  the  king's  reign;  and  this  was  after- 
wards continued  for  convenience. 

The  Scotch  had  from  time  immemo- 
rial observed  the  25th  day  of  March  as 
the  first  day  of  the  year,  till  November 
27,  1599,  when  the  following  entry  was 
made  in  the  books  of  the  Privy  Council : 
"  On  Monday,  proclamation  was  made 
by  the  king's  warrand,  ordaining  the  first 
of  January  in  tyme  coming  to  be  the  be- 
ginning of  the  new  year ;"  which  they 
have  constantly  followed  ever  since. 


I   q   I  I    I,     ^Ml     1'OMTK     A  UTS. 


earliest  stages  of  society ,  when  the 
first  dawning  of  the  arts  gleamed 
upon  the  universe.  Writers,  not- 
withstanding they  agree  almost  ^c- 

uerallv  in  opinion,  that  man  II  a 
social  being,  have,  in  their  specula- 
tions,   described  a  slate  of  nature, 

which  certainly  never  had  any  ex- 
istence but  in  their  own  imagina- 
tions; and  they  appear  fo  have  (alien 
inlo  (his  universal  error,  from  a  w  ish 
to  exhibit  the  advantages  of  society 

in  ■  stronger  point  of  view,  by  con- 
trasting them  with  a  fancied  state 
of  u  ildnesSj  as  painters  give  effect 
to  light  by  opposing  large  mnnnrn  of 
shadej  or  as  (lie  beauty  of  melody 

is  more  sensibly  felt  w  hen  succeed- 
ing to  the  imperfect  harmony  which 
results  from  the  proper  management 
of  discords.  These  philosophers 
seem  as  generally  to  have  omitted  the 
acknowledgment)  that  such  a  state 
of  nature  in  which  they  arc  pleased 
to  consider  man  in  the  abstract, 
never  had,  or  could  have  had,  any 
actual  or  physical  existence. 

It  is  obvious  that  some  of  the 
more  useful  arts  must,  from  neces- 
sity, have  been  coeval  with  the  first 
of  the  human  race.  The  means  of 
procuring  food,  raiment,  and  shel- 
ter, even  in  their  utmost  simplicity, 
imply  a  certain  extent  of  knowledge 
in  the  arts  ;  some  of  them  arc  so  ob- 
vious and  necessary,  and  at  the 
same  time  their  antiquity  is  so  re- 
mole,  that  even  tradition  does  not 
furnish  us  with  the  names  of  their 
inventors.  At  a  period  when  the 
occupations  of  mankind  were  li- 
mited to  the  attainment  of  what  was 
necessary  to  existence,  there  was 
neither  time  nor  occasion  tor  the  cul- 
tivation of  l host-  arts  which  were  to 
promote  the  conveniences,  or  mini- 
ster to  the  luxuries  of  life.  But  ve- 
ry soon  the  shepherd  state  afforded 


not  only  the  time,  but  was  falcu- 
lated  to  excite  a   desire  for    the  'i   «  - 

ful  arts :  and  the  gradual  improve* 
nienis  oi  agriculture  furnished  the 

means  of  lupplying  food    lor  lliosir 

who,  relieved  from  the  necessity  of 

bodily  labour,  weie  employed  in 
the    useful    arts,    ;ind    afterwards   in 

cultivating  Mich  as  contributed  t.» 
the  enjoyments  «n  amusements  <>i 
mankind  :  accordingly,  we  find  tin- 
arts  first  made  their  appearance  in 

the  East,  under  a  genial  >ky  and  in 

a  fertile  soil.     The  bow  and  arrow, 

those  necessary  appendages  of  the 

first  hunters,  are  attributed  to  &  \  - 
thus,  the  son  of  Jupiter  ;  and  spin- 
ning, the  most  useful  perhaps  (.tall 
the  arts,  has  usually  been  ascribed 
to  some  illustrious  inventor  ;  by  the 
Egyptians  to  Isis,  by  the  Greeks  to 
Minerva,  by  the  Peruvians  to  .Mama 
Ella,  wife  to  their  first  lovereign 
Mango  Capac,  and  by  the  Chinese 
to  the  wife  of  their  emperor  Yao. 
The  first  attempts  at  architecture 
were  necessarily  rude  and  simple, 
and  the  hut  of  the  savage  was  rival- 
led iu  neatness  and  accommodation 
by  the  commodious  habitations  of 
the  more  sagacious  brutes.  To  a 
state  of  society  naturally  succeed- 
ed the  appropriation  of  property, 
which  as  naturally  led,  first  to  indi- 
vidual trespasses,  and  afterwards  to 
the  mutual  encroachments  of  dif- 
ferent tribes  upon  one  another.  The 
means  of  attack  and  defence  appear 
to  have  been  among  the  first  assaj  s 
of  human  invention,  and  the  mise- 
rable art  of  w  All 
has,  perhaps,  in  succeeding  a_ 
called  forth  the  powers  of  the  human 
mind  in  a  greater  degree  than  any  of 
the  aris  of  peace.  Totheclub  and  the 
dan  succeeded  the  bow  and  arrow. 
The  employment  of  iron  was  a  later 
discovery  :  even  at  thesiegaofTi 


INTRODUCTIO.V    TO    THE 


brass  was  more  generally  used. 
Menestheus,  who  commanded  fifty 
Athenian  vessels  upon  (hat  occasion, 
is  said  to  be  the  first  who  marshalled 
an  army.  Tin- earliest  fortifications 
were  trees  interlaced  with  boughs; 
to  which  succeeded  the  wall,  with 
holes  left  for  missile  weapons.  The 
battering- rum  was  opposed  to  the 
wall  by  Pericles,  the  Athenian, 
and  brought  to  perfection  at  the 
siege  of  Gades  by  the  Carthagini- 
ans. To  oppose  this  invention, 
parapets  were  introduced,  which 
were  counteracted  by  covers  pushed 
close  to  the  wall,  to  secure  in  its  turn 
the  assailants.  This  again  was  ren- 
dered ineffectual  by  deep  and  broad 
ditches,  vshich  creating  the  necessity 
for,  led  to  the  invention  of  machines 
to  throw  weapons  from  a  distance, 
to  employ  the  defenders  of  a  forti- 
fied place  so  as  to  afford  an  opportu- 
nity of  filling  up  the  ditches  :  the 
use  of  these  engines  led  also  to  other 
modes  of  fortification,  which  ena- 
bled one  part  to  flank  another,  and 
to  the  construction  of  round,  after- 
wards improved  to  square  towers, 
erected  upon  the  salient  angles  of 
the  walls.  But  the  invention  of 
cannon  created  a  great  revolution  in 
military  architecture.  They  were 
first  made  of  iron  bars,  united  by 
rings  of  copper;  and  their  size  was 
afterwards  reduced  by  the  employr 
ment  of  iron  instead  of  stone  for  the 
balls  :  these  destructive  engines 
were  at  length  completed  by  mak- 
ing them  of  cast  metal.  To  resist 
their  force,  ingenuity  was  employed 
in  the  construction  of  bastions, 
horn- works,  crown- works,  balf- 
innuns,  &c.  ;  but  the  arts  of  attack 
having  at  least  kept  pace  with  those 
of  defence,  have  rendered  these 
boasted  inventions  of  little  use. 
In  modem  times,  the  experiment 


has  been  tried,  of  associating  with 
military  tactics  the  science  of  poli- 
tics, and  the  moral  nature  of  man 
has  been  successfully  employed  to 
convert  the  members  of  the  same 
society  into  instruments  of  mutual 
destruction.  Indeed,  the  vicissi- 
tudes of  public  opinion,  or  the  pub- 
lic spirit  arising  out  of  public  opi- 
nion, have  had  more  effect  in  the  re- 
volutions at  a  late  period,  than  even 
the  collisions  of  armies  ;  and  the 
lightening  which  blasts,  has  not 
been  more  powerful  in  effect,  or 
more  rapid  in  communication,  than 
the  solar  rays  which  sustain  the 
universe. 

NAVAL    ARCHITECTURE. 

Naval  architecture  (a  subject  upon 
which  no  Englishman  can  be  un- 
interested) has  had  its  gradual 
progress  to  a  state  of  improvement. 
The  first  vessels  were  constructed 
with  beams,  joined  together,  and 
covered  with  planks.  To  these  suc- 
ceeded trees  hollowed  out  by  fire 
and  manual  labour,  called  mo- 
noxyles ;  and  the  Greeks  formed 
other  vessels,  which  were  made  of 
planks  fastened  together  so  as  to 
imitate  them.  A  prow  for  the  head, 
and  a  movable  helm  for  the  tail, 
with  oars  for  the  tins,  which  was 
the  next  improvement,  seem  to 
have  been  suggested  by  the  idea  of 
imitating  a  fish.  Sails  were  after- 
wards added  ;  an  invention  of  so  re- 
mote antiquity,  that  the  author  is 
unknown.  Before  the  middle  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  English  ships  of 
war  were  built  without  port-holes, 
and  had  only  a  few  guns  placed 
upon  deck  :  even  in  the  sixteenth 
century,  a  voyage  to  the  East  In- 
dies on  this  side  the  Granges,  allow- 
ing the  time  necessarily  spent  in  the 
country  lor  unlading  and  relading, 
was  three  years ;  but  such  is  the  im- 


USEFUL    AND    POMTf.     ARTS. 


I 


provement  of  navigation,  accompa- 
nied by  the  advance!  made  in  ma- 
rine astronomy,  the  knowledge  of 

fides,  winds,   and  currents,  and    in 

geography,  that  at  present  it  is  no 
more  than  a  voyage   of  eighteen 

months.    Ffom  Bombay  and  Madias 

(o  Falmouth,  voyages  have  been 
frequently  performed  in  less  than 
four  months.  These  circumstances, 
connected  with  the  arts  of  writing 
and  printing,  facilitate  the  inter- 
course of  men  and  minds,  and  ac- 
count in  a  great  degree  tor  (lie  ac- 
celerated progress  of  knowledge  at 
(he  present,  beyond  all  former  pe- 
riods. These  arts  enable  the  learn- 
ed of  all  countries  (o  supply  mutual 
deficiences,  to  correct  mutual  er- 
rors, and,  on  subjects  of  common 
investigation,  to  enlarge  the  know- 
ledge of  facts,  which,  since  the  days 
of  Bacon  and  Galileo,  have  convert- 
ed the  learned  world  from  visionary 
theorists  into  rational  enquirers. 
As  these  two  important  arts  (writ- 
ing and  printing)  are  (he  means  by 
which  we  are  principally  acquaint- 
ed with  all  human  knowledge,  we 
shall  say  a  little  respecting  them. 

WRITING. 

To  write,  or,  in  other  words,  to 
express  the  thoughts  to  the  eye,  was 
early  attempted  in  Egypt,  by  means 
of  hieroglyphics:  these  were  figures 
of  animals,  parts  of  the  human  body, 
and  even  mechanical  instruments  ; 
as  the  former  were  made  choice  of 
on  account  of  the  peculiar  proper- 
ties  or  quality  of  the  animals,  so  they 
are  said  to  have  represented  similar 
qualities  in  the  gods,  heroes,  or 
others  to  whom  they  were  applied. 
These  images  being  placed  in  their 
temples,  gave  rise  to  a  strange  sort 
of  worship  ascribed  to  these  peo- 
ple ;  and  that  homage  and  venera- 
tion which  had  fust  been  paid  to 
the  heroes  themselves,  was  insensibly 


transferred,  without  any  great  vio- 
lation of  propriety  perhaps,  to  (he 

animals  by  irhich  they  were  repre- 
sented.     The  meaning!   of  some  of 

these    hieroglyphics  are  preserved. 

The  Supreme  Deity  was  represented 

by  a  serpent   frith  (he  head  of  a 

hawk  :  (he  hawk  Wastbc  hierogly- 
phic oi  Osiris ;  (lie  river-horse,  of 
Typhon;  the  dog,  of  Mercury  ;  (he 
Cat,  of  (he    moon,   &C.      But    these 

were  not  confined  i<>  Egypt :  figures, 

composed  of  fathers,  were  em- 
ployed (o  express  ideas  in  Pen  ;  and 
Montezuma  received  intelligence  oi 

ihe  invasion  of  his  kingdom  by  the 
Spaniards,  in  this  way.  In  Peru, 
arithmetic  was  composed  only  of 
different  coloured  knots.  The  next 
step  in  the  progress  of  writinir,  ap- 
pears to  be  the  expression  of  a  word 
by  a  single  mark  or  letter,  which 
is  the  Chinese  method  of  writing. 
They  have  upwards  of  sixty  thou- 
sand of  these  marks,  w  hich  they  em- 
ploy in  matters  of  science.  Instead 
of  using  marks  to  represent  words, 
which  are  infinite,  we  employ  let- 
ters to  represent  articulate  sounds, 
which  compose  words.  Their  infe- 
rior and  wretched  mode  of  writing, 
readily  accounts  for  the  state  of  li- 
terature among  the  Chinese,  and 
their  relative  superiority  in  respect 
to  (he  ar(s,  which  being  imitative, 
may  be  acquired  by  practice  or  oral 
instruction.  The  art  of  w  riting  seems 
to  have  been  known  in  Greece  w  hen 
Homer  composed  (he  Iliad  and 
Odyssey  ;  and  cyphers,  invented 
in  Hindostan,  were  brought  into 
France  from  Arabia  about  Lhe  ei  d 
of  the  tenth  century. 

r  R  I  X  T  1  \  G  . 

The  mode  of  iniprei  arcs 

upon  silk  and  cotton,  which  (accord- 
ing to  the  accounts  given  u^  by  the 
Jesuits)  had  been  practised  by  the 

Chinese  many  centuries  before  print- 


IVTRODTTTIOV     TO    TIIF! 


mi? 2T  was  known  in  Europe,  seems  (o 

have  been  the  first  step  towards  the 

hstroduetion  <>t'  1 1 1  is.  art  to  the  know- 
ledge of  mankind.  The  invention 
of  ends,  which  took  place  towards 
the  latter  end  of  the  fourteenth  cen- 
tury, was  an  intermediate  st«^j>  be- 
tween block  and  letter-press  print- 
ing. They  were  originally  painted, 
bat,  about  the  year  MOO,  a  mode 
was  discovered  of  printing  them  from 

blocks.  The  books  of  images  suc- 
ceeded :  they  are  likewise  printed 
from  blocks,  and  the  text  is  placed 
below,  or  on  each  side  of  the  print. 
Mr.  Iff.  Lambinet  mentions  seven 
ofthese:  1.  Figures  Tijpiecc  Veteris 
aique  Antittfpk a  \<>xi  Testament i. 
There  is  one  copy  of  this  work  in 
the  Bodleian  Library,  and  another 
at  Chiist's  College,  Cambridge. — 
2.  Jlistoria  S.  Joannis  Evangi- 
listce,  ejus  que  Vis  tones  Apoealypti- 
CO-.  o.  llistoria  sen  Providentia 
Virginis  Man'w,  ex  Cantico  Can- 
ticorum.  4.  Ars  Moriendi.  h.Ars 
Memorandi  Sotabilis  per  Figuras 
EvangiHstarum.  6.  Donatus,  seu 
Grammatiea  brecis  in  Usum  Sc/to- 
iorum  eonseripta.  7.  Speculum 
Hum ante  Sahutionis . 

The  bards  are  said  to  have  carved 
their  poems  upon  bars  of  wood,  ar- 
ranged like  a  gridiron.  All  these, 
which  appear  to  be  so  many  degrees 
of  stereotype  printing,  naturally 
prepared  the  way  for  letter-press; 
but  the  origin  and  history  of  this 
invention  is  involved  in  so  much 
obscurity,  that  with  respect  to  its  in- 
troduction, particularly  tothis  king- 
dom, aotbing  satisfactory  either  has 
or  can  be  said.  The  honour  of  hav- 
ing given  birth  to  it  is  claimed  bv 
the  eities  of  JIaerlem,  Strasbourg, 
and  Mentz ;  hut  the  evidence  pre- 
ponderates in  favour  of  Strasbourg, 
where  Guttemburg  certainly  first 


used  movable  types.  It  secmsequal- 
ly  clear,  that  lie  afterwards  carried 
on  the  business  of  printing  at  Mentz, 
where  he  was  born.  The  nanus  of 
the  oilier  competitors  for  the  honour 
of  this  invention  were,  John  Faust 
of  Mentz,  John  Mental  of  Stras- 
bourg, and  L.  J.  Kosterof  Haer- 
Iem.  When  Meniz  was  taken,  in 
the  year  1462,  by  Adolphus,  Count 
of  Nassau,  Faust  and  his  workmen 
dispersed,  and  the  art  of  printing 
became  in  consequence  spread  over 
the  Continent,  In  Rome  it  was  prac- 
tised in  the  year  1367  :  and  in  1 168 
it  is  said  to  have  been  introduced 
to  this  country  by  Thomas  Hour- 
cliier,  archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
He  sent  persons  to  the  Continent,  to 
make  themselves  masters  of  the  art, 
who  induced  workmen  to  come  over 
and  practise  it  in  England.  Accord- 
ingly a  press  is  said  to  have  been 
soon  after  established  at  Oxford, 
thence  removed  to  St.  A  (ban's,  and 
ultimately  to  Westminster  Abbey. 
Great  doubts,  however,  have  been 
expressed,  as  to  the  authenticity  of 
these  circumstances  ;  but  the  fact 
still  remains,  that  about  this  period, 
and  particularly  at  the  beginning  of 
the  sixteenth  century,  the  Ger- 
mans, the  Italians,  and  the  Dutch, 
who  had  continued  to  engrave  on 
wood  and  copper,  now  printed  with 
movable  types,  and  the  art  spread 
itself  over  a  considerable  part  of 
Europe  with  astonishing  rapidity  : 
nor  should  this  circumstance  be 
a  subject  of  surprise,  when  we  con- 
sider what  an  alteration  this  art  al- 
most immediately  produced  upon 
the  mind,  by  rendering  that  know- 
ledge accessible  to  all  ranks,  which 
formerly  was  a  luxury  of  which  the 
rich  and  thcgrcatonly;:ould  partake. 
But  we  are  more  surprised,  that,  in 
the  nineteenth-century,  thers  should 


USEI'L'I.    AM>    roMTr      \l 


be  found  among  ih<-  enlightened  le- 
gislators of  this  country,  advocates 
for  confining  the  meant  <>f  know* 
ledge  and  improvement  ;  men  who 
an-  ib  little  acquainted  with  the 
theory  of  the  human  mind,  a-  to  op- 
pose (lit-  diffusion  of  letters  among 
the  lower  orders  <»i  society,  lest  it 

should  eventually  render  them  dis- 
satisfied iindera  government  which 
is  the  noblest  monument  <>l  buman 
wisdom, and  which  the  accumulated 
experience  of  ages  has  contributed 
to  rear.  What  are  we  to  think  ot 
men  who  contend  that  we  arc  little 
indebted  to  the  art  of  printing,  lie- 
cause  it  is  produ<  live  of  SO  many  li- 
terary abortions,  anil  multiplies  thi' 
means  of  propagating  false  science, 

which  is  worse  than  ignorance  itself? 
From  what  has  been  said,  it  fol- 
lows, that  we  consider  stereotype, 
or  those  kinds  of  it  usually  known 
by  the  description  of  block  or  plate 
printing,  to  have  been  anterior  to 
letter-press,  or  printing  with  mov- 
able l  v  pes  ;  but  the  great  modern 
improvements  which  have  been 
made  in  stereotype,  almost  entitle 
it  to  be  considered  as  a  new  branch 
of  the  art.  The  French  claim  the 
merit  ot'  the  invention  ;  and  A.  C. 
Camus,  in  a  memoir  read  at  the  Na- 
tional Institute,  assures  us,  upon  the 
authority  of  Lottin,  that  stereotype 
was  used  by  Yallayre,  a  printer,  at 
Paris,  in  the  seventeenth  century. 
The  Dutch  certainly  printed  with 
solid  types  more  than  a  hundred 
years  ago  :  but  we  doubt  very  much 
whether  any  specimen  can  be  pro- 
duced equal  to  Fermin  Didot's  ste- 
reotype. The  Dutch  types  were 
the  invention  of  J.  Vander  Mev, 
father  of  the  well-known  painter. 
\\  m.  Ged  began  to  prosecute  the 
art  in  17^25,  and  in  1730  obtained  a 
privilege   from   the    university    of 


Cambridge,  to  pi  int  biblei  and  p 
er-books  ;  but  he  was  unable  to  pro- 
ceed] in  consequence  ot  a  combinav 
Hon  betwft  n  the  <  ompo  iton  and 
pressmen.  It  appears,  however, 
from  his  memoirs,  that,  in  1736,  he 
stereotj  pi  J  Salla  i.  a ith  tl 

ance  of  hi    son,    w  ho    ••  vt    up  the 

forms  in  \\it-  night-time."  ^lr. 
Tilloi  h,  the  ingenious  editor  ot 
the    Philosophical    \Iagaxinet   has 

not  only  ■  copy  of  this  work, 
but  also  one  of  the  plates,  as  well 
as  others  of  Mr.  dVs  manufac- 
ture. Mr.  TiUoch  stales  that,  about 
fifty  years  afterward-,  he  made  a  si- 
milar   discovery,     without     having 

any  knowledge  of  Ged's  inventions 
In  1784,  letters  patent*  weregraat- 


*  The  Biographical  Memoirs  of  YYm. 
Ged  were  published  in  1781  :  the  lira 
part  dictated  by  Ged;  the  second  pari  by 
his  daughter  ;  and  the  third  n  i  .i  oopy  •>/ 
proposals  that  hud  been  published  l>y  Mr. 
Ged's  soil,  in  1751,  for  reviving  ms  fa- 
ther's art  ;  and  to  the  whole  was  added 
.Mi.  M<  re's  narrative  on  block-printing. 

In  tht:  Philosophical  Magazine,  No.  39, 
Mr.  Tilloch  says 

"  In  the  mean  time,  we  learnt  that  our 
art,  or  one  extremely  similar,  had  been 
practised  many  years  before  by  lie 
Ged." 

Again.  "  At  the  tim«  of  the  discovery, 
I  flattered  myself  that  we  were  original 
and  with  these  sanguine  hopes,  which  are 
natural  to  a  young  man,  indulged  the 
hopes  of  reaping  some  fame  at  least  from 
the  discovery;  nay,  I  was  e\<n  weak 
enough  to  feel  vexed  when  I  afteni  .rds 
found  that  we  had  been  anticipated  by  a 
Mr.  Ged,  of  Edinburgh,  who  had  printed 
books  from  letter-press  plates  about  fifty 
years  before.  The  knowledge  tf  this 
fact  lessened  the  value  of  the  di-c.  * 
so  much  in  my  estimation,  that  I  felt  but 
little  anxiety  to  be  known  as  the  I 
inventor. 

"  Though  we  had  reason  to  fear,  from 


tVTIlODUCTlON    TO    TI1F, 


ed  to  Mr.  Foulis  and  Mr.  Tillocli, 
which  expired  in  1798.  Several 
works  were  stereotyped  by  these 
gentlemen  ;  bwt  Mr.  T.  havingset- 

Ued  in  London,  the  concern  was 
dropped  ;  and  Lord  Stanhope  (upon 
the  recommendation  of  the  late  Mr. 
Elmsley,    the  bookseller),    entered 


what  we  found  (Jed  had  met  "  tin,  that  our 
etlbrts  would  experience  a  similar  oppo- 
sition from  prejudice  and  ignorance,  «t 
persevered  in  our  object  for  a  considerable 
lime,  and  at  last  resolved  to  take  out  let- 
ters patent  for  England  and  Scotland,  to 
secure  to  ourselves,  for  the  usual  term,  the 
benefit  of  our  invention  :  for  the  discovery 
was  still  as  much  our  own  as  if  nothing 
timilar  had  been  practised  before;  Ged's 
knowledge  of  the  art  having  died  with  his 
s< »,  whose  proposals  for  reviving  it,  pub- 
lished in  1751,  not  having  been  followed 
with  success,  he  went  to  Jamaica,  where 
he  died.     The  patents  were  accordingly 
obtained,  nay,'  they  are  even  expired  ; 
and  yet  we  hear  people  who  only  began 
their  stereotype  labours  yesterday,  taking 
to  thenivehes  the  merit  of  being  ihe  first 
inventors."     Again  Mr.  T.  says  (speak- 
ing of  Didot's  claim  to  the^merit  of  this 
invention),  "The  facts  I  have  stated  shew 
with  how  little  justice  this  claim  is  made. 
It  is  true,  he  may  have  discovered,  for 
himself,  the  secret  of  the  art  ;  but  it  is 
hardly  credible  thut  he  could  be  ignorant 
of  Ged's  progress,    and  of  our's,    espe- 
cially as  it  is  well  known,  that  when  pa- 
tents are  obtained,  a  specification  of  the 
progress  is  obliged  to  be  put  upon  record, 
of  w  hich  any  one  may  obtain  an  office 
copy  at  a  small  expence." 

There  is  at  least  great  inaccuracy  (to 
sav  nothing  more)  in  this  sta'ement.  It 
appears  Messrs.  Tilloch  and  Foulis  were 
not  ignorant  of  Ged's  pi  ogress  in  1781, 
nor  of  the  difficulties  which  he  had  en- 
countered in  prosecuting  his  invention; 
but  the  knowledge  qf  HIS  ap.t  having  died 
uith  his  son,  they  determine  to  take  out 
letters  patent  to  secure  the  benefit  of  their 


into  a  treaty  with  Mr.  Foulis,  and 
ultimately  purchased  from  that  gen* 

(Ionian  whatever  information  it  was 
in  his  power  to  communicate  re- 
specting the  stereotype  art.  It  was 
his  lordship's  intention,  in  making 
the  purchase,  to  communicate  this 
valuable  art  to  the  public,  without 

oivn  (our J  invention  :  in  order  to  obtain 
which,  they  must,  first,  distinctly  state  the 
invention  itself,  of  which  they  swear 
themselves  to  have  been  the  first  and  ori- 
ginal inventors.  Secondly,  specification 
of  the  process  is  obliged  to  be  put  upon 
record.  The  invention  itself  is  stated  in 
the  patent  in  the  following  words  : 

"  Now  know  ye,  that,  in  compliance 
"  with  the  said  proviso,  we,  the  said  An- 
"  drew  Foulis  and  Alexander  Tilloch,  do 
"  hereby  declare,  that  our  said  invention 
"  of  a  method  of  making  plates  for  the 
"  purpose  of  printing  by  or  with  such 
"  plates,  instead  of  the  movable  types 
"  commonly  used,  which  is  performed  by 
"  making  a  plate  or  plates  for  the  page 
"  or  pages  of  any  book  or  other  publica- 
"  tion,  and  in  printing  of  suth  book  or 
"  other  publication  at  the  press,  the  plates 
"  of  the  pages  to  be  arranged  in  their 
"  proper  order,  and  the  number  of  copies 
"  wanted  thrown  oil)  instead  of  throwing 
"  the  impression  wanted  from  movable 
"  types,  locked  together  in  the  common 
"  method." 

If  this  description  amounts  to  any  thing 
intelligible,  it  is  a  claim  of  the  invention 
of  making  plates  for  printing,  instead  of 
printing  with  movable  types.  The  pa- 
tentees then  describe  the  process  as  fol- 
lows : 

"  And  such  plates  are  made  either  by 
"  forming  moulds  or  matrices  for  the  page 
"  or  pages  of  the  books  or  other  publica- 
"  tions,  to  be  printed  by  or  with  plates, 
"  and  filling  such  moulds  or  matrices  with 
"  metal,  or  with  clay,  or  with  a  7inxture 
I  "  of  clay  and  earth  ;  or  by  stamping  or 
!  "  striking  with  these  moulds  or  matrices 
"  the  metal,  clay,  earth,  or  mixture  of 


L    AND    1'OLITL    A  UTS. 


9 


remuneration  ;    l"ii    liis    lordship 

found    il  so  defective   in   manj   es- 

seniial  parts,  thai  lie  considered  if 
unworthy  and  unfit  to  be  communi- 
cated in  that  slate,  as  a  process  to 
be  advantageously  emploj  <d. 

In  consequence  of  this  disappoint- 
rnent,  his  lordship  has  employed  no 

"clay  and  earth.  In  witness  whereof, 
"  &C.   fcc. 

"  And.  FoULU, 
"  Ai.i  m.  TlLlOCH. 
"'Dated  8th  June,   178  t." 

If  we  cannot  impute  a  very  imperfect 
degree  of  knowledge  to  these  gentlemen, 
w ■«•  must  confess  there  appears  to  be  an 
inexplicable  obscurity  in  this  specifica- 
tion, which  merely  states  that  moulds  an 
to  be  formed  (of  what?  gypsum,  &cr 
nosuchthingmentioned),  andsuch  moulds 
are  to  be  filled  with  metal,  or  with  clay, 
or  with  a  mixture  of  clay  and  earth. 
There  is  nothing  stated  of  the  previous 
operation  of  composing  the  page,  in  the 
usual  way,  with  movable  types  ;  and 
what  can  be  intended  by  filling  the 
moulds  with  clay,  or  a  mixture  of  clay 
and  earth,  we  cannot  divine.  But  if  this 
mode  should  not  succeed,  the  alternative- 
is  presented,  of  stamping  or  striking  with 
these  moulds,  or  matrices,  the  metal,  clay, 
earth,  or  mixture  of  clay  and  earth.  We 
do  not  wonder  that  our  ingenious  neigh- 
bours treat  this  invention  with  so  little 
ceremony.  Indeed,  we  think  the  conclu- 
sion drawn  by  Mr.  Tilloch,  "that  it  is 
hardly  credible  Didot  could  be  ignorant 
of  Ged's  progress  and  ours,"  is  bv  no 
means  logical :  if  Didot  had  procured  this 
specification  from  the  Petty  Bag-office, 
could  he  possibly  have  discovered  any 
similarity  between  the  process  thus  spe- 
cified, and  the  process  invented  by  Ged, 
or  practised  by  himself  and  others  in 
France  ?  and  docs  not  Mr.  Tilloch  him- 
self tell  us,  "  That  several  small  volumes 
were  actually  printed  by  himself  and  Mr. 
Foulis,  and  the  editions  were  sold  to  the 

No.  I.   Vol.  I. 


trifling  degree  of  labour  add 
pence  in  prosecuting  the  discovery 

of  ;i  new   prOO  IS,  D}   R  hi'  h   the  for- 

mei  disadvantages  attendant  upon 
stereotype  are  completely  obviat- 
ed. This  process  has  been  adopted 
by  the  two  universities,  who  con- 
trade,  without  any  intimation  of  their  bc- 
ing  printed  out  of  the  common  u 

I  here  is  a  o  n<  ealment  in  thi  -•  ti  ins- 
actions  for  the  avowed  pur| 
ing  the  effects  of  any  jealousy  the  trade 
might  feel  at  this  "  ■  try  ,•'* 

and  we  do  not  blame  the  artifice:  but 
it  it  was  calculated  to  impose  upon  bro- 
ther printers  at   home,  how  much 

likely  was  Didot  to  be  unacquainted  with 
the  progress  of  Messrs.  Foulis  and  Til- 
loch, and  what  becomesofMr.  Tilloch's 
"  hardly  credible"  conclusion  ? 

In  the  memoir  of  A.  C.  Camus  to  the 
National  Institute,  published  in  Memoircs 
de  Litterature,  he  has  enumerated  several 
persons  who  have  practised  this  beautiful 
art,  beginning  with  Yalleyre.  In  17  10,  an 
almanack  was  stereotyped  by  J.  Michel 
Funckter  at  Frfort,  a  place  since  rendered 
so  famous  by  a  meeting  of  the  emperors 
of  France  and  Russia.      In  177S,   books 
were  stereotyped  at  Frankfort.    In  1786, 
Hoffman,  a  native  of  Alsace,   published 
in  France,   and  likewise  Abbe  Rochon. 
In   1791,  Jos.  Carez  published  two  vo- 
lumes of  one  thousand  pages  each,  large 
octavo,    and   beautifully   executed.       In 
1793,  Pingeron  practised  this  art.      In 
1798,  Louis  Etienne  Herhan,  Fermi n  Di- 
dot, and  Nicolas  Mari  Gatteaux,  all  ob- 
tained patents  for  it.    Afterwards,  Pierre 
Didot,   brother  to  Ferrain,  published  his 
prospectus.     In  the  same  year,  a  small 
quarto  was  printed  by  Bouvier  in  mono- 
type :  these  plates  were  made  bv  a  dif- 
ferent process  from  the  -tereot\  pes.  and 
cast  in  copper;  it  is  a  beautiful  specimen 
of  printing.     Since  that  period,   several 
other  wxuks  have   been   stereotyped    ia 
France. 


10 


iSTnODTTTlOV    TO    THE 


traded   with    Mr.    Wilson   for  the  I 
monopoly  of  the  unproved  stereo- 
type, al  the  sum  of  je?4000  each. 
The  term  ol  this  contract  (being  only 
for  two  or  three  years)  is  expired  ; 
and   we  arc  given  to  understand 
that,  at  no  distant  period,  liis  lord- 
ship proposes  to  communicate  this 
discovery  to  the  public  :   the  stere- 
otype art  having  now  attained  that 
state  of  perfection  which  authorizes 
his  lordship  to  indulge  the  flatter- 
ing senti  nent,  that,  in  presenting  it 
to  the  public,   he  shall  deserve  the 
grateful    acknowledgments   of  his 
country  and  of  mankind.   It  should 
be  observed,   that  his  lordship  has 
permitted  Mr.  Wilson  to  avail  him- 
self of  any  benefit  to  be  derived  from 
the  prosecution  of  this  art,  and  also 
from  his  engagements  with  the  uni- 
versities,   in  order   to   remunerate 
Mr.  \V.  for  the  ex  pence  and  trouble 
of  establishing  the  manufacture  of 
plates  in  London  ;  but  his  lordship, 
With  that  generosity  which  forms  a 
prominent  feature  of  his  noble  mind, 
lias  invariably  declined  the  oppor- 
tunities of  reimbursing  any  part  of 
the  large  sum  (exceeding  five  thou- 
sand pounds)  which  he  has  expend- 
ed in  the  prosecution  of  experiments 
to  bring  the  art  of  stereotype  print- 
ing to  its  present   improved  state. 
Jiut  it  may  be  truly  said,  that 

CHEMISTRY 

l-  indebted  more  than  any  other 
science  to  modern  discoveries.  Its 
importance  and  utility  appear  suf- 
ficiently obvious  to  these  who  have 
al  all  considered  the  extent  of  this 
department  of  knowledge;  but  for 
the  sake  of  those  of  our  readers  who 
are  yet  unacquainted  with  it,  we 
shall  take  a  short  view  of  the  objects 
which  it  embraces,  and  the  advan- 
l  s  that  may  be  derived  from  the 
study  of  it,  whether  in  explaining 


many  of  the    striking  phenomena 
of  nature,  or  improving  the  arts  of 
civilized  life  :   for,    in  the  midst  of 
the  infinite  variety  of  objects  from 
which  man  must  derive  the  means 
of  his  comfort,  his  luxuries,  and  (it 
might  be  added)  his  very  existence, 
this  science  affords  him  the  most  im- 
portant aid.  Whether  his  researches 
be    carried    into    the    mineral    or 
animal    kingdoms,    the  study  and 
cultivation  of  chemical  science  be- 
come essentially   requisite  for   the 
successful  progress  of  his  investiga- 
tions.   Of  the  knowledge  which  we 
possess  of  the  vegetable  kingdom, 
chemistry    furnishes  a  very   large 
share  ;  it  is  this  science  which  ac- 
counts for  the  phenomena  of  vege- 
tation, germination,  the  growth,  the 
ripening,  and  the  death  of  plants. 
The  nature  of  the  different  manures 
necessary  for  the  various  kinds  of 
vegetables,  the  influence  of  light, 
the  different  temperatures,  the  na- 
ture and  quality  of  moisture,   the 
preservation  of  seeds,    roots,    and 
plants,   are  all  founded  upon  che- 
!  mica!  principles. 

In  considering  the  application 
of  chemistry  to  the  improvement 
of  the  useful  arts,  a  wide  field  of 
contemplation  opens  to  our  view. 
So  extensive  indeed  are  its  influ- 
ence and  importance,  that,  inmost 
of  the  arts,  the  processes  that  arc 
employed,  depend  on  chemical 
principles.  Barely  to  mention  some 
of  these  arts,  will  afford  ample  il- 
lustration of  its  extensive  utility  : 
for  the  art  of  extracting  metals 
from  their  ores,  of  purifying  and 
alloying  them  with  each  other,  and 
of  forming  instruments  and  uten- 
sils, whether  for  useful  or  orna- 
mental purposes,  almost  all  the  pro- 
cesses  are  purely  chemical.  The  es- 
sential improvements  which  modern 


isr.i  ri.    \  n  i)   poT.rrn  *bts. 


n 


chemistry  has  introduced  in  (lie  ails 
of  turning,  brewing,  distilling, 
bleaching,  dying,  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  glass  and  porcelain,  &c. 
slicw  its  importance  and  utility  in 

the  ails  of  civilized  life. 

Prom  the  extensive  application  of 
chemical  science,   those  who  have 

nol  considered   the  objects  which  il 

embraces,  will  be  enabled  to  judge 
of  the  importance  or  this  branch  of| 

knowledge  to  every  individual. 

But,  however  much  one  may  be 
interested  in  observing* and  admiring 
the  beneficial  influence  of  this  si  i- 

ence  on  the  arts  and  manufactures, 
if  we  extend  our  views,  and  consi- 
der chemistry  as  a  science  or  subject 
of  philosophical  investigation,  it  will 
command  a  greater  share  of  our  ad- 
miration and  study  ;  ibr,  perhaps, 
there  is  no  branch  of  knowledge  bet- 
ter calculated  to  promote  and  encou- 
rage thai  generous  and  ardent  love 
ot'  truth,  which  confers  dignity  and 
superiority  on  those  who  success- 
fully pursue  it ;  and  it  is  surely  no 
small  recommendation  to  the  study 
of  this  science,  that  while  we  store 
the  mind  with  interesting  truths,  we 
add  something  to  the  stock  of  hu- 
man knowledge,  which  is  perhaps 
immediately  applicable  to  the  most 
important  purposes  of  life.  It  is  ; 
ihns  that  the  value  of  any  science 
may  fairly  be  estimated  ;  namely, 
in  proportion  as  it  interests  our  1111-  ' 
derstanding,  as  it  enlarges  our  re- 
sources, augments  our  industry,  our 

7  3  */   J 

commerce,  and  our  power. 

With  regard  to  the  history   of 

chemistry,  it  is  not  necessary  here 

.  .  .   i 

to  trace  the  principles  of  this  sci- 
ence to  remote  periods  of  antiquity.  ' 
Man  indeed  could  not  exist  long 
without  some  knowledge  of  chemi- 
cal processes  ;  and  as  he  improved 
in  civilization,  this  knowledge  must 


also  have  improved  or  become  ex* 

(ended. 

Tubalcain,  who  is  mentioned  in 
the  Sacred  Scriptures  asaworkei  in 

metal,  and  w  bo  is  supposed  Id  ' 

given  rise  lo  the  fabulous  stoi 
V  ulcan  in  ancient   mytholog  j .    i-. 

considered  by  BOmC  BJ  the  first      '     - 

niisi  whose  name  has  been  transmit- 
ted to  the  present  time;  and  altho1 
the  working  of  metals,  the  kindling 
of  /ires,   the  baking  of  bread] 
burning  of  clay  into  pottery,  the 

processes  of  (he  violate,  and  many 
other  operations  which  owe  their 
invention  to  the  immediate  wants  of 
mankind,  and  which  are  absolutely 

chemical,    must   have   been    coeval 

with  the  earliest  slate  of  society  ;  yd 
the  mere  knowledge  and  practice  of 

these  arts  do  not  deserve  to  be 
nifiedwith  the  name  of  a  science. 

A  carpenter  may  erect  a  piece  of 
machinery  arranged  and  constructed 
exactly  similar  to  what  he  has  Men, 
without  the  knowledge  <>f  a  single 
principle  of  architecture;  but  the 
man  of  science,  who  can  neither 
handle  the  axe  nor  the  chisel, 
observes,  accounts,  and  estimates 
the  power  and  operation  of  the  mov- 
ing parts,  and  ascertains  precisely 
the  effects  of  the  whole  machine  : 
and  is  it  not  more  plausible  to  sup- 
pose that  a  science,  so  much  de- 
pending on  the  civilization  of  man, 
and  the  experience  of  a_r.  ».  could 
not  have  been  cultivated  as  a  sci- 
ence in  such  a  remote  period  ?  Nor 
will  it  afford  us  much  instruction  to 
enquire  whether  Mom's,  who  i-  said 
lo  have  been  skilled  in  all  the  wis- 
dom of  the  Egyptians,  and  who 
burnt  the  golden  calf:  w  aether  Cle- 
opatra, w  ho  is  said  to  have  dissolved 
a  pearl;  or  whether  Noah,  who 
made  wine  from  his  grapes,  under- 
stood chemistry  or  not  :  but  as  it 
C  8 


K' 


INTnoTH'CTIOV    TO    THE 


would  be  unpardonable  were  wenot  II 
(o  notice  the  outlines  of  the  history 
ofthe  b  :iencc,  we  shall  shortly  trace  j| 
the  a?ras  of  the  progressive  disco- 
veries which  led  to  the  establishment 
of  chemical  philosophy. 

The  Israelites  acquired  all  (he  in- 
formation which  may  be  called  che- 
mical, in  Egypt.  It  was  (here  that 
Mioses  learnt  the  properties  of  me- 
tals, the  art  of  extracting  oils,  the 
preparation  of  balsams  and  per- 
fumes, the  dying  of  linen,  the  mak- 
ing of  wine,  the  art  of  gilding,  the 
fabrication  of  pottery,  &c. 

The  Phoenicians  arc  spoken  of 
as  being  acquainted  with  the  mak- 
ing of  glass,  with  which  they  traded. 
They  invented  the  art  of  tinging 
garments  with  a  purple-coloured 
matter,  said  to  be  produced  by  a 
species  of  shellfish.  They  were  also 
skilled  in  the  working  of  metals  ; 
they  made  artificial  gems,  perfumes, 
and  odoriferous  balsams  ;  the}-  in- 
vented the  art  of  preserving  the  fruits 
of  vegetables  and  plants.  They  first 
distinguished  the  metals  by  the 
names  ofthe  planets,  which  they  re- 
tained lor  many  centuries. 

Among  the  Chinese  (if  we  may 
believe  their  historians)  many  che- 
mical ar/s  were  known  from  time 
immemorial.  The}-  were  acquainted 
with  nitre,  borax,  alum,  gunpow- 
der, verdigrease,  sulphur,  and  co- 
louring matters  :  nor  Mere  the  arts 
of  dying  linen  and  silk,  paper-mak- 
ing, manufacturing  of  porcelain, 
unknown.  They  were  also  skilled 
in  the  art  of  alloying  metals,  and  in 
the  working  of  ivory  and  horn. 

The  Carthaginians,  who  were  a 
colony  of  the  Phoenicians,  learnt 
their  arts. 

Fewer  traces  of  chemistry  are 
found  among  the  Greeks,  although 
they   derived   their    knowledge  of 


many  of  the  arts  from  the  Phoeni- 
cians. The  ancient  philosophers 
of  (Greece,  as  Pythagoras,  Thales, 
and  Plato,  were  more  devoted  to  the 
cultivation  of  mathematical  and 
astronomical  knowledge,  than  the 
physical  sciences.  It  is  natural  to 
suppose  that  the  obvious  difference 
or  change  of  bodies  that  surround 
us,  could  not  remain  unnoticed  by 
a  people  of  so  philosophical  a  turn 
of  mind  as  the  Greeks  ;  hence,  both 
Aristotle  and  Empcdocles  taughtthe 
doctrine  of  the  four  supposed  ele- 
ments, air,  /ire,  earth,  and  water. 

The  Corinthian  brass  has  been 
much  celebrated.  Tyches  knew  the 
art  of  tanning  leather ;  Plato  de- 
scribes the  process  of  filtration  ; 
Hippocrates  was  acquainted  with 
the  (so  called)  process  of  calcina- 
tion ;  Galen  speaks  of  distillation  ; 
Democritus,  of  Abdcra,  examined 
the  juices  of  plants  ;  Aristotle  and 
Theophrastus  treated  of  stones  and 
metals. 

The  wars  in  which  the  Romans 
were  almost  constantly  engaged,  and 
the  spirit  ofenterpriscwhich  prompt- 
ed them  to  military  affairs,  gave 
them  neither  time  nor  taste  to  culti- 
vate and  improve  the  arts  of  peace. 
After  having  conquered  and  subju- 
gated almost  the  whole  of  the  civi- 
lized Avorld,  they  then  arduously 
applied  themselves  to  the  arts  of 
their  early  masters,  the  Greeks. 
They  understood  the  art  of  making 
excellent  wines  and  spirits  ;  they 
knew  the  application  of  manures ; 
they  prepared  incombustible  cloth, 
for  wrapping  up  the  dead  bodies 
which  were  destined  to  be  bumf,  in 
order  to  preserve  their  ashes  distinct 
from  (hose  ofthe  funeral  pile;  they 
were  acquainted  with  almostallthe 
metals,  and  the  modes  of  coining 
them  :  (hey  were  skilled  in  the  cu- 


i     i  PtTL   and  por.rn:    Mn    . 


i; 


Unary  art ;  theif  cooks  prepared  de- 
licious sauces  for  their  tables :  ;m<l 
the  remains  of  their  aquedut  is,  and 
other  works  of  architecture,  evince 
the  incomparable  perfection  of  their 
cements. 

But  all  (lie  ails,  the  sciences,  and 

literature  of  the  Romans  and  (.neks. 
were  destined  to  sink  into  oblivion. 
Hosts  of  barbarian  conquerors  de- 
scended upon  them  from  the  North  ; 
the  energies  of  civilization  wither- 
ed at  their  touch,  and  their  works 
were  destroyed  before  them. 

The  arts  and  sciences,  driven  as 
il  were  from  Europe,  obtained  an 
asylum  with  the  Arabians.  The  at- 
tachment of  this  nation  to  magic, 
and  their  inclination  to  the  mar- 
vellous, soon  increased  the  myste- 
ries in  which  the  arts  were  then  al- 
ready involved  ;  and  hence  alclu- 
my9  or  the  art  of  transmuting  base 
metals  into  gold;  took  its  rise. 

To  us  it  may  appear  somewhat 
singular,  that  chemistry,  now  of  such 
universal  importance  to  mankind, 
should  be  indebted,  in  some  measure, 
tor  its  origin  as  an  art,  and  for  some 
parts  of  its  progress,  to  one  of  the 
less  noble  or  generous  of  the  human 
passions;  yet,  in  its  early  dawn,  it 
Was  cultivated  by  men  who  were 
instigated  by  avarice  to  prosecute 
and  study  it.  It  was,  certainly,  na- 
tural enough  for  men  who  observed 
the  remarkable  changes  produced 
by  chemical  action,  to  be  struck 
with  their  effects  ;  and  overlooking 
the  variations  ami  differences  in  the 
result  of  their  operations,  which 
were  the  consequences  of  partial  or 
inaccurate  observation,  to  flatter 
themselves  that  their  power  over 
the  substances  on  which  they  ope-  | 
rated,  was  only  limited  by  their 
wishes. 


Ii  was  one  of  the  principl 
the  alchemist  -.  that  all  metals  arc 
composed  of  i  he  same  ingredii 

or  thai  ill--  substanci  ■>  w  hi'li  entef 
into  (lie  composition  of  gold,  are 

found    in  all  metalf,  but  mixed  v.  ilh 
many   impurities,    from    which,   by 

certain  pun  esses,  they  mi:' ht b< 
parated:  and  as  they  never  seem  to 

have  thought  of  <  in  i<  liintr  them- 
selves by  their  great  discoi  i  i 
they  were  loo  generous  to  monopo- 
lize the  wealth  ol  the  world  ;  h 
they  offered  their  gervu  es  t<>  o'lirrs, 
and  liberail}  propesed  to  communi- 
cate the  fruit  of  their  lubours  for  a 
moderate  reward. 

As  this  delusive  dream  of  the 
imagination  held  out  a  bait  to  ava- 
rice, it  soon  acquired  a  train  of  fol- 
lowers. The  research  was  pui 
with  an  ardour  which  nodisappoint- 
ment  could  damp,  and  the  mania 
spread  from  one  country  to  another. 

The  ambitious  man  to  procure; 
riches  that  he  might  increase  his 
power,  and  the  opulent  man  to  add 
to  his  wealth,  employed  and  encou- 
raged the  alchemists  in  the  prosecu- 
tion of  their  extravagant  scln 
These  flattering  hopes,  it  will  be 
supposed,  were  never  realized  ;  the 
rich  prospect  tied  before  them,  and 
the  golden  prize,  which  they  often 
supposed  wa»just  within  their  reach, 
eluded  their  eager  grasp.  The 
magnitude  of  the  plan,  however, 
fired  the  imagination,  and  produced 
something  like  conviction  in  U 
minds  of  the  possibility,  and  even 
certaint}-,  of  obts^ning  the  object  of 
their  wishes  and  all  their  labour?. 
With unabating ardour,  with  unex- 
ampled assiduity,  they  pursued  their 
researches,  persuading  therns* 
and  their  employers,  that  they  were 
ou  the  point  of  being  soon  in  pes  1 1 


H 


IMITATION    OF    riXDAIt. 


•ion  of  unlimited  wealth.  But  the 
alchemists  beholding  man  by  anti- 
cipation possessed  of  immense  richest 
saw  that  son  ething  more  was  requi- 
site, that  he  might  be  secured  in  the 
uninterrupted  enjoyment  of  (hem. 
Experience  fatally  taught  them,  that 
the  feeble  frame  of  man  was  subject 
to  (he  languor  of  disease  ;  that  gold 
could  neither  allay  the  (hirst  of  fe- 
ver, assuage  the  agonies  of  pain,  or 
purchase  for  its  possessor  the  bless- 
ings of  health. 

Thus  another  most  desirable  object 
Was  held  up  t<>  view,  and  deluded 
the  visionary  enthusiasm  of  their 
minds  with  the  false  hope  of  attain- 
ing it.  This  was  the  universal  medi- 
cine which  was  to  cure  all  diseases, 
and  not  only  to  cure,  but  absolutely 
to  prevent  their  occurrence. 

Thus  fortunate  in  the  enjoyment 
of  vast  riches,  thus  blest  with  un- 
broken health,  the  desires  of  man 
were  yet  unsatisfied.  Another  seem- 
ing evil  still  remained,  which  was 
naturally  to  be  dreaded  as  the  de- 
stroyer of  this  fancied  scene  of  en- 
joyment and  felicity.  The  melan- 
choly reflection,  that  it  was  limited 
by  the  short  space  of  human  life,rous- 
<il  the  alchemists  again  into  exer- 
tion, and  produced  new  efforts  of  in- 
genuity in  their  labours;  and  in  ima- 
gination they   had  discovered   the 


means  of  prolonging  life  at  pleasure. 
But  the  age  of  visionary  philosophers 

did  not   cease  with  the  alchemists. 
In  the  last  decade  of  the  eighteenth 

century,  the  progress  of  discovery, 
particularly  in  chemistry  and  mine- 
ralogy, had  become  so  great,  and 
the  reign  of  art  over  nature  so  exten- 
sive, that  some  of  the  same  philoso- 
phers who  set  up  for  political  re- 
formers, believed  not  only  the  period 
was  approaching,  when  men  were 
to  be  governed  by  the  purity  of  their 
own  minds,  and  the  moderation  of 
their  own  desires,  without  any  ex- 
ternal coercion,  but  when  the  life 
of  man  might  be  prolonged  ad  infi- 
nitum, and  philosophers,  if  they 
choose  it,  become  immortal. 

In  Egypt,  alchemy  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  government.  The 
exact  period  of  the  origin  of  this 
study  is  unknown,  nor  can  it  now 
be  ascertained  what  progress  it  had 
made,  or  to  what  extent  it  was  cul- 
tivated among  the  ancients.  Diocle- 
sian,  apprehensive  that  the  dreams 
of  the  alchemists  might  be  realized, 
ordered  their  books  to  be  burnt,  and 
prohibited  all  chemical  operations, 
that  he  might  subdue  them  with  more 
facility.  After  this  period,  the  al- 
chemists were  strongly  opposed  by 
several  able  and  learned  men. 
(To  be  continued.) 


TO  THE  EDITOR  OF  THE 

Sin, 

lv  Pindar's  celebrated  de- 
scription of  the  eagle,  which  must 
be  familiar  to  your  classical  readers, 
after  lie  has  described  the  flagging 
Bftng',  he  adds, 

by  which  I  understand,  "  he  gently 
raised  his   buck,"    conveying  the 


REPOSITORY  OF  ARTS,  &c 
idea  of  breathing  softly.  In  Mr. 
West's  translation  we  have  the  ruf- 
fled plumes  ;  and  Mr.  Gray,  in  his 
imitation,  has  followed  Mr.  West  in 
preference  to  the  original.  Perhaps 
some  of  your  readers  may  be  able 
to  account  for  this.  By  inserting 
this  in  your  Repository,  you  will 
oblige  Ckito. 


THE  STORY  OF  FAN-HY-CHE1  . 


Translated  l>v  a  Gentleman  in  China,  and  pn  anted  to  the  Editor  I  .   I .  C 
Esq.  who  accompanied  Lord  Macartney  in  his  emb  n. 

DntiM.  the  reign  of  Kien-yen,  II  chung-ye  Mid  In   I'mi-hy-r in  g,    f 
and  in  the  87th  year  of  the  current     have  been  taught  thai  no  rirtnow 


cycle,  f'iii-i/f//  raised  the  standard 
of  rebellion  at  Kicn-chcu;  and  in 
consequence  of  a  dreadful  (amine 
w Inch  then  afflicted  the  country , 
above  an  hundred  thousand  were 
persuaded  to  listen  to  his  voice  and 
tiff  lit  under  liis  banner. 


woman  can  set  re  two  luubands  : 
since  we  arc  united  by  lawful 
monies,  I  shall  ever  owe  to  you  the 
duties  of  conjugal  obedience  and 
fection.  Your,  « itj  is  now  almost 
defenceless,  ■  rictorious  enemy  will 
soon   overcome  all  resistance  | 


In  the  course  of  the    following    you  are  the  son  of  a  distinguished 


leader  in  the  rebellion,  youi 
seems  inevitable  :    suffer  i 
now  to  end  my  life  w  ith  Ibis 
that  J  may  not  live  to  witness  my 
busb  ind's  death. 

i'(ui-h:/-(  In  h.  interrupting  her, 
said,  It  i>  not  from  inclination  that 
I  am  now  unhappily  a  rebel.  Tho' 
you  were  unjustly  forced  away  from 
him  on  the  journey,  unhappily  fell  your  noble  parents,  do  not  now,  by 
into  their  hands.  ,  seeking  to  put  an  end  to  your  < 

At  this  time,  the  leader,  Fan-jin/,  lence,  aggravate  my  crime  and  iny 
had  a  son,  named  Fan-/u/-c/uit,  a  misfortunes.  The  imperial  army 
yOBDg  man  of  good  abilities,  and     now  in  the  field  against  us,   is  from 


spring,  it  happened  that  the  Man- 
darine  Leit'Chung-ye  was  appointed 
from  Quan-scc  to  the  office  of  col- 
lector of  the  customs  at  Fio-cluu, 
and  he  was  obliged  to  pass  Kiot- 
chctt  in  his  road  thither.  A  party 
of  the  rebels  intercepted  his  reti- 
nue, and  his  daughter,  a  young  lady 
about  seventeen,  who  accompanied 


about  twenty-five  years  of  age.  He 
never  had  been  married,  but  on  see- 
ing the  fair  captive,  who  was  deli- 
cately beautiful,  he  was  smitten  with 
her  charms  ;  and  learning  that  her 
family  was  noble,  he  chose  a  fortn- 
jiate  day,  and  having  received  the 
consent  and  approbation  of  hi>  fa- 
mily, she  soon  became,  by  all  the 
rites  and  ceremonies  of  espousal.  hi> 
lawful  wife. 

In  the  winter  of  the  same  year, 
the  emperor  sent  one  of  his  own 
sons,  the  Prince  JIan-kitiu-ianj/, 
with  a  great  army,  to  put  an  end  to 
the  rebellion. 

On  hearing  this  intelligence,  the 
daughter  of  the  Mandarine  Leu- 


the  North  :  the  soldiers  arc  your 
countrymen:  you  will  underhand 
their  language;  you  may  perhaps 
even  meet  with  your  family  and 
friends  :  live  therefore  for  then, 
i  and  be  comforted. 

Be  assured,  she  rejoined,  that 
your  wife  will  never  submit,  during 
life,  to  the  embraces  of  another  hus- 
band: 1  tear,  however,  the  brutal 
violence  of  the  soldiers,  and  have 
resolved  to  die  rather  than  to  be  dis- 
honoured. 

Thi>  proof,  v-iid  Fan-hy-cheu, of 

VOUI  faithful  attachment  tome,  shall 

not  prove  unrequited,  and  i   here 

|  solemnly  penalise  you  never  to  take 

J  another  partner  to  my  bed. 


16 


STORY    OP    PAN-HV-CHBU. 


It  happened  indeed  thai  the  im- 
perial general  hail  long  known  the 
Mandarine  Lpu-chung-yc,  and  hav- 
ing halted  with  his  army  at  Foo- 
cheu,  he  offered  him  a  command 
near  his  own  person  :  and  soon  after 
they  proceeded  together  against  the 
head-quarters  of  the  rebels,  atKien- 
chcu.  After  a  siege  of  ten  days,  the 
town  was  taken  bj  assault:  Fen-hy- 
c/ki/  disappeared  in  the  general  con- 
fusion;  but  his  wife,  the  daughter 
of  Lewchung-ye,  terrified  at  the  ap- 
proach of  the  soldiers,  attempted  to 
destroy  herself  in  an  interior  apart- 
ment. Among  the  foremost  was  her 
own  father,  and  he  fortunately  ar- 
rived time  enough  to  prevent  the 
melancholy  catastrophe.  With  care 
and  attention,  she  was  gradually  re- 
stored to  life,  and  the  meeting  of 
the  father  and  daughter  was  alter- 
nately a  scene  of  joy  and  grief. 

Alter  the  capture  of  Kien-cheu, 
the  rebellion  was  easily  exlinguish- 
ed,andtranqnillity  restored  through- 
out the  province. 

The  Mandarine  Lcu-chung-ye 
thought  it  a  good  time  to  propose 
a  second  marriage  to  his  daughter; 
but  no  entreaties  could  prevail  on  : 
her  to  comply i  What,  said  he  an- 
jrril  \ ,  do  you  still  regret  that  rebel: 
from  whom  we  have  delivered  you  ?  | 
Alas!  she  answered,  although  yon 
call  him  a  rebel,  he  was  nevertheless 
a  man  of  integrity  and  virtue.  Af- 
ter I  had  the  misfortune  of  being 
separated  from  yon,  1  fell  into  his 
hands:  in  the  midst  of  rebels  he 
was  distinguished  by  act  ions  of  cha- 
rily and  benevolence.  Under  the 
protection  of  Heaven,  he  may  pos- 
sibly be  still  alive.  Let  me  beseech 
yon,  my  father,  to  excuse  mc  from 
entering  into  a  second  marriage, and 
snifer  me,  as  a  dutiful  daughter,  to 
parents  at  home. 


l.tu-shif  continued  with  her  pa* 
reins  in  this  manner  several  years. 

In  the  29th  of  the  cycle,  Leu* 
chung'Ve  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  commander  in  chief  at  Fong- 
t  licit  ;  and  soon  after,  an  officer  of 
rank,  named  Kiity  arrived  from 
Qucmg-cheou  with  dispatches  from 
that  government.  Leu-chung-yc 
provided  an  handsome  entertain- 
ment for  his  guest  ;  and  after  hi« 
departure,  his  daughter  accosted 
him,  to  enquire  who  was  the  stranger 
that  had  lately  arrived  ? 

It  is  an  officer,  said  he,  with  dis- 
patches from  Quang-cheou. — But 
his  voice  and  footsteps,  added  she, 
remind  me  strongly  of  the  son  of 
Fan-juyt  the  rebel  of  Kicn-cluu. — 
Do  not  deceive  yourself,  said  her 
father  smiling;  this  olliccr's  name  is 
Kin.  What  connection  can  there 
possibly  exist  between  him  and  the 
rebel  of  Kicn-chcu  ? — Jjcu-shy  had 
nothing  to  reply  to  this,  and  retired 
in  silence. 

Haifa  year  had  elapsed  when  the 
officer  Kiu  again  arrived  at  Fung' 
cIku  upon  public  business.  Ltu~ 
chung'Ve  entertained  him  in  the 
same  manner  as  before.  Leu-shy 
hearing-  of  his  return,  placed  herself 
near  a  crevice,  through  which  she 
had  a  view  of  what  was  passing  in 
the  outer  apartments,  and  the  mo- 
ment she  saw  the  stranger,  was  con- 
vinced that  he  could  be  no  other 
than  Fan-hy*cheu,  her  former  hus- 
band. This  she  communicated  toher 
father,  who  accordingly,  after  the 
stramrer  had  dined  and  drank  wine 
with  him,  entreated  that,  he  would 
confide  to  him  his  real  history. 

Theollicer  Kiu  blushed, andsaid, 

'  I  have  to  confess  that  my  real  name 

1  is  Foil,  and  that  my  father,  Fan-jity, 

was  a  noted  leader  of  the  revoltcrs, 

'  and  that  I  was  one  myself  amon^ 


Mr.Tiron  of  making   COFFEE    in    BERMA 


17 


them.  The  rebeli  were,  however, 
completely  defeated  by  the  impe- 
rial army;  our  city  submitted  to 
the  yellow  banner.  I  made  my 
rsca|)e,anil  knowing  that  in y  Life  w.i I 
forfeited  on  account  of  my  revolted 
Family,  I  changed  mj  name  to  thai 

6f  KtUj  in  onler   to   eltnle   pursuit. 

Soon  after  I  enlisted  in  the  imperial 
army  a(  Yo»chung»heuitti  and  we 
were  ordered  to  take  the  field  against 
the  rebels  of  the  South.  We  had 
many  engagements,  and  I  fought  in 
Che  foremost  ranks,  and  endeavour- 
ed to  distinguish  myself  against  the 
enemy.  My  exertions  attracted  the 
attention  of  our  general,  and  alter 
the  province  was  reduced  to  tran- 
quillity, and  the  army  disbanded,  he 
determined  to  reward  my  services 
by  nominating  me  second  in  com- 
mand at  Ilo-clnu ,  from  thence  I 
rose  to  the  first  command,  which  I 
afterwards  quitted  for  the  situation 
I  now  hold  under  the  governor  of 
Qttang-cheou. 

May  I  further  ask,  said  the  Man- 
darine Leu-chung-ye,  the"  name  of 
your  lady,  and  whether  you  have 
not  entered  into  a  second  marriage  ? 

Alas !  answered  he  weeping,  I 
once  was  married  to  a  mandarine's 
daughter,  who  fell  into  our  hands 
-when  I  lived  in  the  rebel  camp ;  but 
the  same  year  that  our  forces  were 
routed,  and  our  city  taken  by  as- 
sault, we  were  unhappily  separated  : 
but,  in  the  hope  of  living  to  meet 


n,  we  mutually  rowed  to  remain 

h  lie  and  faithful  to  '•  •'  li  otli,  r. 

I   since  accidentally  found 
aged  mother  at  Sin-cheu9tothei 
of  whom  /  have  constantly  de 
my  attention,  instead  of  turning  my 

thoughts  to  man  LagC,  and — lieie  his 

words  were  interrupted  by  Id   I 
I.,  t-ckung»yi  shed  tears  ofjoy 

and  gratitude  at  this  providential 
discovery, and  hurrying  to  the  inner 
apartment,  he  bad  the  happiness  of 
bringing  together  the  husband  and 
wife,  who  had  been  bo  long  sepa- 
rated. After  some  days.it  was  a 
sary  that  Fan-hy-chi  u  should  re- 
turn to  his  station  at  Qtumg-cheOU  : 
hut  he  returned  to  his  father-in-law 
as  soon  as  the  period  of  h  is  appoint- 
ment had  expired  ;  and  the  govern- 
ment of  I  a  u-e/u/Jig-j/L  terminating 
about  the  same  time,  they  both  fix- 
ed their  residence  at  ^'i/i-c/ieu, 
where  Leu-chung-ye  obtained  the 
office  of  judge,  and  Jan-hy-cheii 
that  of  the  collector  of  the  customs. 

THE    MORAL. 

Fan-hy-cheu  was  not  justified  in 
revolting,  or  Leu-shy  for  following 
him  ;  but  their  offence  was  palliated 
by  the  natural  love  of  life,  and  the 
almost  inevitable  necessity  of  the 
case.  View  ing their  mutual  attach- 
ment and  fidelity  after  separation, 
Heaven  had  compassion  upon  them, 
and  brought  them  together  again  in 
the  extraordinary  manner  which  has 
been  related. 


METHOD  OF  MAKING  COFFEE  IN  GERMANY 


ITS    MEDICAL    PROPEKTIES. 


It  is  well  known  to  our  reader-. 
that  a  few  months  since. tin1  situation 
of  the  planters,  in  consequence  of 
the  low  price  of  West    India  pro- 

No.  I.  Vol.  I. 


'duce,  excited  a  considerable  shr*re 
of  public  attention  both  in  ami  out 
of  parliament ;  and  however  th 

1  lision  of  different  interests  ruav  have 

'     i) 


IS 


Minion   01    making  corirr.    in   glrmanv 


prevented  a  perfect  agreement  as  to 
the  mode  of  doing  it,  yet  all  parties 
seemed  to  unite  in  opinion,  that  the 
planters  were  entitled  to  as  much 
relief  as  could  be  extended  to  them, 
without  doing  injustice  to  inter*  i 
of  equal,  if  not  of  more  importance. 
Without  adverting  to  the  assertion 
industriously  propagated  at  the  pe- 
riod to  which  we  allude,  that  a  sa- 
crifice hml  been  made  of  the  landed 
interest,  by  permitting  the  distillery 
of  Sugar,  we  shall  at  present  merely 
advert  to  that  portion  of  relief  which 
the  reduction  of  the  duties  upon 
coffee  was  intended  to  afford  them. 
This  reduction  has  naturally  led  to 
a  verygreat  increase  in  the  consump- 
tion of  that  article  ;  and  we  are  in- 
clined to  think,  that  if  the  mode  of 
preparing  it  were  rendered  more 
simple  for  the  lower  classes,  it  would 
tend  to  lessen  the  enormous  impor- 
tation of  thirty  million  pounds  of 
tea,  for  the  purchase  of  the  greater 
part  of  which  specie  is  now  sent  out 
of  the  kinodom .  We  feel  much 
obliged  by  the  following  letter. 


To  the  Editor  of  the  Repository,  dfc. 
Sin, 

All  travellers  who  have  vi- 
sited the  different  parts  of  the  Con- 
tinent agree,  that  the  Germans  pre- 
pare coffee  in  the  best  manner,  but 
lew  have  troubled  themseh  <s  to  en- 
quire how  they  prepare  it.  The 
writer  of  this  (a  native  of  that  coun- 
try) has,  ever  since  her  residence 
in  England,  continued  to  drink  cof- 
fee as  good  as  she  used  to  do  in 
Germany,  by  following  the  simple 
method  practised  by  her  country- 
women. Having  been  requested  by 
several  of  her  English  friends  to 
communicate  the  German  mode  of 
preparing  colli.-,   she  requests  the 


editor  of  the  7krpnsitor?/ofArf9,Sfe. 
to  insert  the  following  information 
upon  this  subject. 

The  first,  and  in  fact  the  chief 
object  1  .  to  procure  the  best  coffee, 
and  to  roast  it  at  home  in  small 
quantities  at  a  time.  This  opera- 
tion is  best  performed  in  a  roaster 
of  the  annexed  construction  (Fig. 
!.),  it  being  easily  turned,  opened, 
and  shut  :  whatever  size  the  roaster 
may  be,  it  never  should  be  more 
than  half  filled,  otherwise  the  cof- 
fee, which  swells  in  the  roasting, 
cannot  be  properly  turned  and 
shook,  in  which  case  a  considerable 
part  of  it  will  remain  raw,  whilst 
the  remainder  will  be  burnt.  The 
roaster  should  be  enveloped  in  the 
tire,  which  should  be  as  lively  as 
possible  :  if  the  coal  does  not  burn 
very  brisk,  chips  of  wood  should 
now  and  then  be  thrown  into  it. 
The  time  necessary  for  roasting  it 
cannot  accurately  be  stated,  as  much 
depends  upon  the  fire,  and  the  quan- 
tity, and  even  the  quality  of  the 
coffee.  The  roaster  should  be  turn- 
ed slowly  at  the  beginning,  and 
quicker  as  the  operation  proceeds, 
taking  it  often  from  the  fire  and 
shaking  it :  when  some  of  the  beans 
begin  to  crackle, the  roaster  must  be 
opened,  to  examine  if  the  coffee  has 
acquired  a  light  cliesnut  colour;  if 
not,  a  few  more  turns  over  the  fire 
will  be  necessary.  When  it  has  ac- 
quired f  h  is  colour  it  should  be  thrown 
out  into  a  clean  coarse  napkin,  and 
shook  in  it  till  the  coffee  is  almost 
cold  ;  after  this,  if  may  be  kept  in 
clean  glass  bottles,  or  in  seasoned 
canisters  well  closed.  The  sweat- 
ing of  coffee  after  the  roasting  ought 
to  be  prevented,  as  it  gets  damp, 
which  renders  it  tough,  and  the 
grinding  a  few  days  after  more  dif- 


MI  i  I!  «il)    OF    MAKIVi,    COFPEE    f  *•    C 


19 


ficull  ;  over-roasting  ii  Bhould  be 
carefully  avoided.  The  common 
t in  poi  for  boiling  it  should  not  be 
used  lor  any  thing  else  l>uf  coffee, 
and  should  be  targe  enough  to  con- 
tain about  double  (lie  quantity  that 
is  wanted,  in  order  (o  prevent  if  boil- 
ing over.  One  ounce  and  a  half  of 
coffee  is  sufficient  foi  a  pint  of  water; 

if  it  proves  tOO Strong,  i(  may  easily 

lie  weakened  to  every  body's  taste 
by  pouring  boiling  water  into  their 

cups.  To  clarify  il  I  lie  sooner,  a 
small  quantity  of  isinglass,  or  a  fe^i 
hartshorn  shavings,  may  be  boiled 
aviiIi  the  coffee.  At  first  the  coffee 
■will  rise  to  the  top  of  the  pot  ;  it 
should  then  betaken  off  the  fire,  and 
this  should  be  repeated  till  the  cof- 
fee falls  to  the  bottom,  and  a  huge 
clear  bubble  forms  at  the  top:  when 
this  takes  place,  it  is  sufficiently  boil- 
ed) and  will  settle  very  soon,  parti- 
cularly alter  it  is  poured  into  the 
coffee-pot,  in  which  it  is  to  be  served. 
To  this  last  ma\  be  iitted  a  strainer 
of  tin,  or  a  small  sack  of  fine  bolt- 
ing cloth  sewed  to  a  tin  circle  (Fig. 
2.)  ;  all  other  stuffs,  such  as  linen, 
cotton,  flannel,  &c.  make  bad  filters 
for  coffee.  Molasses  and  brown 
sugar  give  to  good  coffee  a  very  bad 
taste,  and  refined  sugar  should  al- 
ways be  preferred.  The  cream  or 
milk  that  is  to  be  taken  with  coffee 
should  invariably  be  scalded.  Those 
who  have  not  been  accustomed  to 
prepare  it  in  this  way,  can  scarcely 


Fia.  f. 


be    aid    to   have  drank  Lr<>"d  Coffee. 

/  am  yoiu  humble  servant,      I).  T. 


It  was  ob  ei  ved 
by  Dr.  Percival,  in  In  Pi  /  ///- 
col,  l/<  dical9  and  Expi  t  inn  ni< 
toys,  that  coffee  n as  used  as  a  beve- 
rage u iiii  peculi  u  propriety  by  the 
Turks  and  Arabians,  because  it  ope- 
rates as  an  antidote  to  the  narcotic 

e||.  <  |  of  opium,  to  the  Use  ol'u  Inch 
these  nations  are  particularly  ad- 
dicted, lie  likewise  states,  that 
having  understood  from  sir  John 
Pringle,  that  an  ounce  of  the  best. 
coffee,  ground  soon  alter  it  is  roasted, 
and  made  into  one  cup.  and  taken 
without  milk  or  BUgar,  was  the 
abater  of  I  he  paroxysm  of  the  peri- 
odic asthma,  he  had  recommended 
it  with  considerable  success,  din  1 1- 
ing  this  quantity  to  be  repeated  at 
the  distance  of  about  half  an  hour. 
It  is  observed,  that  Sir  John  Floyer, 
after  the  publication  of  his  book 
upon  asthma,  had  contrived,  during 
the  latter  pari  of  his  life,  to  relieve 
himself  from,  or  at  least  to  live  with 
tolerable  comfort  under  that  disor- 
der, by  the  use  of  coffee. 

A  severe  head-ache  is  soon  relieved 
by  taking  about  eighteen  drops  of 
laudanum,  ami  drinking  immedi- 
ate!)' afterwards  three  strong  cups 
of  coffee.  In  about  half  an  hour 
the  pain  will  abate,  without  induc- 
ing drowsiness  or  even  an  inclina- 
tion to  sleep. 


D2 


i?0 


«j  fat 


DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  APPARATUS  USED  AT  PORTICI  FOR 
UNROLLING  THE  HERCULANEAN  PAPYRI. 


WITH     A    WOOD-CUT, 


The  discovery  of  a  considera- 
ble number  of  ancient  manuscripts 
among  the  ruins  of  Herculaneum, 
;it  the  foot  of  Mount  Vesuvius,  was 
hailed  at  the  time  by  every  lover  of 
antiquity  throughout  Europe,  as  an 
event  which  promised  lo  add  to  our 
classic  literature  many  an  author 
whose  works  might  hitherto  have 
been  unknown, or,  if  known,  lament- 
ed as  lost  ;  or  at  least  to  afford  the 
means  of  supplying  the  chasms  with 
which  a  barbarous  age  had  handed 
(<>  us  some  of  the  most  invaluable 
remains  of  the  learning  of  Rome  and  | 
(j'reec  e.  Unfortunately,  these  fond  ; 
hopes  have  to  this  day  remained; 
disappointed.  The  progress  made 
in  unrolling  them, although  perhaps 
co.;  mensurate  with  the  difficulty  of 


the  task,  has  hitherto  been  insignifi- 
cant ;  and  the  emigration  of  the 
court  of  Naples  to  Sicily,  with,  as 
I  am  credibly  informed,  the  most 
perfect  part  of  the  papyri,  is  not 
calculated  to  encourage  any  very 
sanguine  expectations. 

As,  however,  a  few  of  the  best 
preserved  rolls  are  at  this  moment 
in  England,  and  in  the  possession  of 
an  august  personage,  whose  love  for 
literature  will  not  suffer  such  a  trea- 
sure long  to  lay  dormant,  I  con- 
ceive it  may  be  acceptable  <o  the 
classic  scholar,  to  know  the  method 
which  has  been  adopted  at  Portici 
for  unfolding  (heir  contents.  That 
process  certainly  is  of  the  most  te- 
dious nature,  but,  as  vet,  no  other 
has  been   successfully   attempted  ; 


APPAKATliK    roil    UNROLLING    THE    UERC1  LAN1   IM    PAPYRI.      21 


and  when  it  is  considered,  thai  any 
new  mode  can  only  be  fried  on  an 
original  and  perhaps  inestimable 
manuscript,  and  that  such  ;t  (rial 
may  possibly  cause  the  irrecoverable 
destruction  of  thevery  treasure  we 
arc  in  search  of,  we  shall  naturally 
be  induced  to  use  die  utmost  delibe- 
ration before  we  venture  <>n  an  in- 
novation attended  with  such  mani- 
fest danger.  A  precipitate  experi- 
ment with  steam  upon  one  of  Un- 
rolls now  in  England  has  at  once 
annihilated  its  substance,  by  de- 
stroying in  the  space  of  two  minutes 
the  little  cohesion  of  texture  which 
it  had  possessed  befpre. 

Previously  to  my  entering  upon 
the  detail  of  the  machinery  used  for 
unrolling  the  manuscripts,  it  maybe 
necessary  to  premise,  that,  from  the 
effects  of  volcanic  heat,  they  un- 
reduced to  a  perfect  coal,  liable  to 
be  crumbled  into  a  black  dust  by  a 
very  i'eeble  pressure  of  the  fingers, 
such  as  might  be  the  state  of  a  tight 
roll  of  paper  alter  being  exposed  to 
the  action  of  an  heated  oven,  with- 
out being  absolutely  ignited  :  with 
this  favourable  difference,  however, 
that,  instead  of  paper,  they  had  been 
written  on  papyrus,  a  substance 
much  stronger  and  glutinous  than  I 
our  present  writing-paper.  They  ] 
had,  like  all  books  of  that  age,  been  | 
rolled  up  with  the  writing  inwards, 
divided  into  rectangular  spaces, 
much  in  the  manner  of  the  pages  of  : 
modern  books. 

As  the  different  lamina  of  which  ; 
the  roll  is  composed,  would  break 
oil*  with  the  slightest  touch,  a  fresh 
back  is  successively  formed  by  the 
application  of  gold-beaters'  skin  af- 
filed with  gum-water.  But  such 
is  the  damaged  state  of  the  material. 
that  without  using    very    minute 


patches  of  gold-beaters'  skin  (gene- 
rally not  exceeding  the  sizeof  a  com* 
mod  pea),  an  upper  stratum  would 
iifii  n  be  glued  to  one  or  more  undei 

oiio,     through    the    little    holes    or 

breaks  which  sometimes  penetrate 

Several  Of  the  lamina.  Bat  in  oid.r 
to    render  myself  as    intelligibl 

possible,  I   beg  leave  to   refer  the 

reader    to    the    annexed    drawing, 

with  its  accompany  ing  scale. 

A  JJ  C  0  is  a  wooden  frame  whi<  h 

may  be  placed   on  a  common  ta- 
ble. 
//Two  brass  rods,  supporting 
t  e  Two  brass  rests  in  (he  shajie  o{ 

half-moons.      On  these  rests 
MM  The  manuscript  is  placed,  with 
g g9  some   raw  cotton,   to  guard  it 
from   being  injured  by   the  con- 
tact of  the  metal. 
//  //  //  is  so  much  of  the  manuscript 
roll  as  has  already  been  furnished 
with  a   fresh  back  of  patches  of 
gold-beaters'  skin. 
.\s  soon  as  a  sufficient  extent  of 
back  is  thus  secured, 
///,  silk  strings,  arc  fastened  to  the 
ends  by  means  of  dissolved  gum 
Arabic.     These  strings    are  sus- 
pended from 
ikikik,  a  row  of  pegs  (like  those  ofa 

^  iolin)  going  through 
o  o,  an  opening  in   the    top  of  the 
frame. 

In   proportion    as   the    laborious 
operation  of  forming  a  new   back 
proceeds,  the   work  is  gently  and 
progressively  wound  up  by  turning 
the  pegs,  until  one  entire   pagi 
thus  unfolded,  which  i-«  forthwith 
separated  from  the  roll  and   spr< 
on  a  (lai  board  or  frame.  A  draughts- 
man, unacquainted  with   (he   lan- 
guage of  the  manuscript,  ma!, 
faithful  fac-simile  of  it,   with  all  its 
chasms,  blemishes, or  irregularit 


KING    WILLIAM  8    ft  1  \  < ,  . 


The  taking  of  this  ropy  is  no  less  a 
work  of  extreme  patience  and  nicety. 
as  it  is  only  by  a  particular  reflec- 
tion of  light,  that  tin-  characters, 
whose  black  colour  differs  very  little 
from  (hat  ofthe  carbonized  papyrus, 
can  be  distinguished.  The  lac-si- 
mile is  next  handed  lo  an  antiqua- 
rian, who  separates  the  words  a  ml 
sentences,  supplies  any  hiatus,  and 
otherwise  endeavours  to  restore  the 
sense  of  the  original.  Bj  a  like  pro- 
cess the  succeeding  pages  are  unroll- 
ed ami  deciphered,  if  I  may  be  al- 
lowed to  use  the  expression,  until 
the  work  is  completed.  The  whole 
is  afterwards  published,  both  in  let- 
ter-press and  correct  engravings  of 
each  page,  at  the  expence  of  the 
government. 

In  this  tedious  andcostly  manner, 
one  work  (a  treatise  of  Philode- 
muson  the  power  of  music)  has  been 
recovered  and  published.  Unfor- 
tunately, it  was  both  the  first  and 
last  with  which  the  lovers  of  ancient 
literature  have  been  gratified  ;  and 
the  contents  of  even  this  were  far 
from  compensating  for  either  the 
r rouble  or  expence  bestowed  upon 
it.  Some  years  ago,  the  hopes  of  the 


learnrd  were  revived  by  the  mission 
of  a  literary  gentleman  from  Eng- 
land to  Naples,  for  the  express  pur- 
pose of  superintending  the  establish- 
ment ofPortici,  which,  by  permis- 
sion of  the  court  of  Naples,  he  actu- 
ally conducted  for  a  considerable 
time  previous  to  the  invasion  ofthe 
French.  Hut  hitherto  none  of  the 
fruits  of  his  labour  have  met  the 
public  eye,  although  the  expecta- 
tions ofthe  classic  scholar  were  from 
time  to  time  kept  alive  by  notices  of 
that  gentleman's  progress,  inserted 
in  some  of  our  periodical  journals. 

I  cannot  close  this  article  without 
expressing  a  hope,  that  the  manu- 
scripts now  in  England  will  ere  long 
meet  investigation,  confident  as  I 
am,  that  the  ingenuity  of  our  Eng- 
lish artists  will  be  able  to  suggest 
a  more  expeditious  process  for  un- 
rolling them,  than  the  one  above  de- 
tailed ;  and  that,  if  the  task  were  at- 
tended with  success  in  this  country, 
the  court  of  Palermo  might  be  pre- 
vailed upon  to  furnish  a  succession 
of  new  materials  to  enrich  our  stores 
of  classic  literature. 

PALiEOriULUS. 


TO  THE  EDITOR  OF  THE  REPOSITORY,  &c. 


I  *r.M)  you  a  drawing  of  a  ring, 

supposed  to  be  one  that  belonged  to 
William  111.  and  which  is  noticed 
in  Ra pin's  J/isfony  of  England. 
A  fter  giving  an  account  ofthe  king's 
ill  ;uh,  the  historian  thus  continues  : 
"  A.8  BOOH  a,  the  breath  was  out  of 
his  body,  the  Lords  Lexington  and 
Scarborough,  who  were  then  in  wait- 
ing, ordered  Koujat  to  take  oil' from 
the  king's  left  arm  a  black  ribbon. 


which  tied  next  to  his  skin  a  gold 
ring,  with  some  hair  of  the  late 
queen  Mary,  which  shewed  the  ten- 
der regard  he  had  for  her  memory." 
This  ring  is  of  pure  gold, its  breadth 
is  |  inch,  and  its  length  is  $  inch. 
Instead  of  a  chrystal,  it  is  covered 
with  what  is  called  a  picture  dia- 
mond, beautifully  cut.  This  draw- 
in  «•  is  enlarged  in  the  wood-cut,  for 
the  sake  of  shewing  the  device,  of 


f.  \u    nr.ro rts. 


which  the  lighl  parts  are  I  very  ac- 
curate representation:  t h< » >•■  parts 
which  are  shaded,  represent  the  hail 
of  queen  Mary,  which  forms  a  dark 
ground  lor  the  workmanship  :  the 
black  ribbon,  by  which  if  is  fastened 
to  the  king's  arm,  passes  through 
two  small  loops  ;ii  the  back  of  the 
ring,  the  gold  of  which  is  almost 
worn  through  :  the  workmanship  is 

very  good,   not  It)  say  elegant,    lor 

the  period  in   which  i(  was  done. 

It  lias  been  many  years  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  ancestors  of  Thomas 
Street,  Esq.  ofHampstead,  to  whom 


it  has  descended,  and  who  i 

ii  | in  it  \  satisfactorily  thro* his  fami- 
ly i  onnections  ttptoRoujat,  who 
•  ant-surgeon  io  William  III. 


3Uto  Reports. 


L'bi  ingcuio  non  rrat  locu<,  cone  testimonium  pronienii--i'  ront.ntii- 


It  will  be  unnecessary  to  say  much 
upon  the  utility  of  reporting  im- 
portant judicial  decisions,  or  the  ne- 
cessity of  strict  accuracy  in  the  his- 
tory of  judicial  proceedings.  The 
courts  of  justice  which  administer 
law  in  particular  cases,  are  bound 
to  state  the  principles  and  construc- 
tion upon  which  those  decisions  may 
be  founded,  which  are  to  govern 
analogous  cases  in  future.  The  al- 
most infinite  modifications  of  which 
property  is  susceptible,  and  the 
multiplied  combinations  which  arise 
out  of  these  in  a  commercial  coun- 
try, are  beyond  the  reach  of  positive 
laws,  because  they  are  beyond  the 
powers  of  human  foresight.  The 
wisdom  of  our  constitution  has  there- 
fore very  properly  left  to  the  expe- 
rience of  our  judges,  the  task,  of  de- 
ducing from  its  general  propositions  , 
such  corollaries  as  come  w  ithiu  the 
range  of  its  intent  and  meaning  : 
these  deductions,  in  time,  become 
part  of  the  law  itself.      Notwith- 


standing its  importance,  the  care  of 
collecting  these  decisions,  and  the 
principles  by  which  they  were 
veined,  has  been  rather  accidental 
than  established.  The  record-  of 
the  courts  are  indisputable  evidence 
of  the  judgments,  and  at  a  remote 
period  the  reasons  of  the  judgment 
were  set  forth  in  the  record,  but 
this  practice  has  been  long  discon- 
tinued. According  to  modern  li- 
the most  important  points  of  law  are 
brought  before  the  courts  in  tin- 
shape  of  motions  for  new  trials,  or 
cases  reserved.  In  these*  rhich 

form  so  considerable  a    part  of  the 
law  of  England,  we  depend  entirely 
upon  the  fidelity  and  accuracj 
reporters,  as  well  for  the  acta 
the  arguments  and  reasoning  of  the 
counsel  and  the  court. 

The  Year  Books  are  the  earliest 
reports  we  have,  altho'   the  names 
of  the  reporters  themselves,  01 
precise  nature  of  their  office,  cannot 
now  be  a-  I.  This  office  has 


u 


Law   nF.ponr*. 


not  been  exercised  since  tlie  early  ; 
part  of  Henrj  the  Eighth's  reign, 
but  the  industry  of  voluntary  re- 
porters has  in  some  measure  supplied 
the  deficiency  .  Some  of  the  ablest 
judges  of  the  sixteenth  century  set 
the  example,  and  by  committing  the 
more  important  cases  and  decisions 
to  writing,  at  the  same  time  digni- 
fied themselves,  instructed  posteri- 
ty, ami  improved  the  science^  These 
gnat  luminaries  have  been  followed 
by  other  reporters  of  unequal  merit. 
The  office  of  reporter  was  again  re- 
new ed,  at  the  instance  of  the  Lord 
Chancellor  Bacon,  in  the  reign  <>i 
.lames  I.  but  does  not  seem  to  have 
been  productive  of  any  material  ad- 
vantage, and  was  soon  discontinued. 
In  the  early  part  oi'  the  reign  of 
Charles  II.  an  act  passed  toprohibit 
the  printing  of  law  books  without  a 
licence  of  the  chancellor,  the  two 
chief  justices,  and  the  chief  baron, 
which  was  renewed  from  time  to 
time,  but  finally  expired  in  the  reign 
of  King  William.  The  custom  of 
fixing  the  imprimatur  was  continued 
for  many  years  after  the  necessity 
fbrit  had  ceased,  and  till  the  judges 
came  to  a  resolution  not  to  grant 
them  any  longer.  Of  late  years  it 
has  been  customary  for  the  propri- 
etors even  of  diurnal  publications, 
to  employ  short-hand  writers,  for 
the  purpose  of  presenting  the  pub- 
lic with  reports  of  cases  of  consider- 
able importance  or  interest  ;  and  it 
has  grown  so  much  into  practice, 
that  they  arc  constantly  expected. 
I  ^  whatever  is  said  in  public, 
and  regards  the  public,  becomes  the 
right  of  the  public  to  repeat  and  re- 
port :  anil  whether  it  be  the  argu- 
ment of  counsel,  or  the  decision  of 
the  judge,  it  is  public  property. 
Words  have  w  ings,  and  they  are  no 


r  uttered  in  public  situations, 
than  they  are  irrevocably  passed  to 

all  mankind,  who  are  interested  in 
them,  and  can  no  longer  be  confined 
to  place,  to  age,  or  to  country.  Wc 
know  that  the  O' reeks  in  general, 
and  the  Athenians  in  particular,  de- 
lighted in  the  vehicles  ofdiurnal  in- 
formation ;  and  the  Romans,  ac- 
cording to  Tacitus,  were  not  less 
partial  to  them  :  Diurua  populi 
Rotnani  per  provinciasj  per  ever- 
citus,  curatius  aguntur9  qttatn9  ut 
tin//  noscatur  quid  Thrasca  fectrit* 
— Tac  Ann.    lib.  XI  i. 

If,  in  spite  of  our  extreme  desire 
to  be  accurate,  we  should  fail  in  any 
part  of'  our  reports,  it  is  some  conso- 
lation, that  even  such  reports  may 
have  their  use,  in  as  much  as  it  was 
the  opinion  of  a  very  great  lawyer, 
that,  for  the  purpose  of  furnishing 
an  argument,  one  bad  report  was 
worth  an  hundred  good  ones.  We 
shall  easily  obtain  credit  for  the 
truth  of  the  declaration,  that  our 
ambition  has  an  higher  object,  tho' 
an  humble  one,  and  wc  shall  have 
attained  our  utmost  aim  if  wc  can 
merit  the  praise  of  useful  accuracy. 


Before  Sir  A.  Macdonald  and  a  special 

Jury. 

THE  KINp  V.    ROHIIRT  MAURIS. 

18th  September,  IS07,  an  extent 
issued  against  the  defendant,  at  the 
suit  of  J.  S.   for  .£l0,0l->2. 

Same  day,  inquisition  taken  and 
debt  found. 

Sheriffs  return,  cepi  corpus,  and 
had  seized  lands,  &C. 

Plea,  Michaelmas  Term,  1S07. 
— The  said  defendant,  by  his  attor- 
ney, claimed  the  property  of  the 
several  goods,  &c.  mentioned  in  the 
inquisition  to  the  said  writ  of  extent 


LAW     II  M'o  ||  Ti. 


fto  belong  to  him  ;  and  he  prayed 
oyer  of  the  laid  writ  and  inquisition, 
which  being  by  him  heard  and  un- 
derstood, complained  that  he  had 
been  greatly  vexed  and  molested  un- 
der colour  of  the  premises  ;    be<  ause 

Protesting  that  the  said  writ  jnd 
inquisition  were  respectively  insuf- 
ficient in  law,  where  unto  he  had  ao 
occasion,  nor  was  he  hound  by  the 
law  of  the  land,  to  answer  :  never- 
theless, 

/•'or  Pit  (i  as  to  the  writ  and  inqui- 
sition, he  saith,  that  before  and  at 
the  time  of  issuing  the  same,  the  said 
J.  S.  was  a  person  carrying  on  trade 
and  commerce  in  copartnership,  to 
wit,  in  copartnership  with  one  T.  1'. 

Protesting,  that  nothing  wai 
due  from  him,  he  further  says,  that 
if  any  thing  reus  due  from  him  to 
the  said  J.  S.  the  same  was  due  to 
J.  S.  and  his  copartner,  and  not  to 
J.  S.  alone;  but  the  said  J.  S.  un- 
justly and  to  oppress  the  said  de- 
fendant, did  wrongfully  cause  the 
extent  to  issue  against  him  ;  under 
colour  that  a  large  sum  was  due  to 
J.  S.  alone,  did  wrongfully  cause 
the  said  writ  to  issue,  and  the  lands, 
Sec.  of  the  said  defendant  to  be  seiz- 
ed, and  the  defendant  to  be  taken 
and  detained  in  prison  ;  without  this, 
that  the  said  defendant,  on  the  day 
of  issuing  the  said  writ,  was  justly 
indebted  unto  the  said  J.  8.  in 
10,022/.  or  any  part  thereof,  in  man- 
ner and  form  in  the  said  inquisition 
supposed  ;  all  which  he  was  ready 
to  verify :  wherefore  he  prayed  judg- 
ment, and  that  the  hand  of  our  lord 
the  king  should  be  removed  from 
the  possession  of  the  said  goods,  &c. 
of  the  defendant. 

Replication,  29th  Jan.  1806. 
— And  as  to  the  pleas  of  the  said  de- 
fendant pleaded  in  bar. Sir  V.Gibbs. 

No.  I.  Vol.  I. 


his  majesty's  attorney-general,  on 

behalf  of  his  in  i  jest  y, 

8ayt|  that  by  reason  of  anything 

in  the  defendant's  plea  alleged,  the 
hand  of  our  lord  the  kingshould  not 
be  removed  from  the  land-.  eYc.  of 
the  defendant,  and  that  the  defend- 
ant  ought  not    to   be  restored  to  the 

possession  thereof;  becaa 
Pro  rsiTiNG  thai  the  plea  of  the 

defendant,  and  the  matters  therein 
contained,  were  wholly  insufficient 
in  law  to  remo\e  the  hand  of  our 
lord   the   king  from  the  said   lands, 

&c. ;  yet,  for  replication  as  to  the 

plea  of  the  defendant  as  to  the  said 
writ  and  inquisition, 

Saith,  that  the  said  defendant 
was,  on  the  day  of  issuing  the  same, 
and    making  the    seizure   aforesaid, 

indebted  to  the  said  J.  S.  in  the  said 

sum  of  10,022/.  and  he  prayed  it 

might  be  enquired  ofby  the  conn  rj  . 

JoiNDca,  3d  Feb.  1806.— And 

the  said  defendant,  as  to  the  said 
plea  of  the  said  attorney-general, 
pleaded  in  reply  to  the  plea  of  the 
defendant  by  him  pleaded  in  bar, 
and  whereof  the  s;iid  attorney-gene* 
ral  prayed  might  be  enquired  ofby 
the  country,  Sec.  saith, 

That  the  said  defendant  doth  the 
like. 

From  the  evidence  produced,  the 
court  was  of  opinion,  that  the  fact 
of  the  debt  being  due  to  .'.  Bk  was 
clearly  established  :  upon  which  the 
counsel  for  the  defendant  called  u  poa 
the  crown  to  prove  the  quantum  of 
1  he  debt:  but  it  was  contended,  that 
it  was  not  incumbent  upon  the  crown 
in  this  case  to  do  so  :   here 

1.  The  quantum  of  debt  was  ad- 
mitted by  the  protestation. 

2.  The  inducement  to  the  tra- 
verse, asserting  a  partnership,  and 
stating;  the  debt,  if  due  at  all.  sraa 

E 


26 


LAW    REPORTS. 


duo  to  the  firm  of  S.  and  Co.  anil  I 
not  to  S.  alone,  narrowed  the  tra- 
verse] and  confined  it  to  the  single  j 
question,  to   whom  the  defendant 
as  as  indebted  ? 

In  answer  to  these  object  ions,  the 
defendant's  counsel  said, 

1.  That  protesting  nothing  <•:</* 
due,  was  a  strange  way  of  admitting 
i lie  whoh  was  due. 

'J.  That  it  is  not  averred  in  the 
traverse,  that  the  debt  was  due  to  S. 
alone,  and  that  the  words,  "  or  any 
part  thereof," in  the  traverse,  which 
alone  was  to  be  looked  to,  were 
wholly  inconsistent  with  the  sup- 
posed admission. 

".  That  the  issue,  if  double, should 
have  been  demurred  to:  no  objec- 
tion of  duplicity  can  be  taken  now ; 
it  must  be  tried  as  it  is. — To  this  it 
was  replied, 

1 .  That  this  teas  the  constant  form 
of  a  protestation,  to  keep  the  issue 
to  a  single  point  :  it  must  be  consi- 
dered as  an  admission  in  the  cause; 
though, inorder  to  prevent  the  party 
from  being  concluded  afterwards,  it 
necessarily  takes  the  form  of  a  denial 
of  the  fact. 

2.  That  the  traverse,  or  rather 
the  issue,  is  not  to  be  taken  alone, 
but  as  it  is  narrowed  and  pointed  by 

inducement. 
The  defendant  had  it  in  his  power 
to  deny  either  the  qaantum  of  the 
debt,  or  that  he  owed  any  thing  to 
the  person  named  in  the  inquisition, 
but  that  lie  could  not  do  both.  lie 
had  here  chosen  to  do  the  fatter,  and 
;  r  that  purpose  admitted  the  quan- 
tum by  his  protestation  ;  and  had 
further  stated  such  fact  in  the  in- 
ducement, as  restrained  the  gene- 
rality of  the  word*,  used  in  tlietra- 

B3  and  confined  them  to  a  single 
point,  namely,  "  the  person  to  whom 


the  money  was  dnC,"  as  much  as  if 
the  word  "alone"  had  been  in  the 
traverse. 

That  no  argument  was  to  be  drawn 
from  the  Avoids,  iior  any  part  there- 
of," which  had  been  artfully  intro- 
duced ;  but  their  effect  had  been 
foreseen,  (hat  the//  :ccrc  dropped  in 
tlu  replication,  and  therefore  formed 
no  part  of  the  issue. 

That  the  issue,  and  not  the  tra- 
verse, was  the  matter  to  be  tried. 

The  common  form  of  replication 
was,  "  indebted  modo  et  forma;"  but 
here  the  precise  sum  is  mentioned, 
because  it  had  been  admitted  in  the 
pleadings  ;  and  for  the  same  reason 
the  words,  "•  or  any  part  thereof," 
had  been  left  out. 

3  .  That  it  is  begging  the  question 
to  say,  "  that  the  traverse  was  de- 
murrable." If  restricted  (as  con- 
tended for  on  the  part  of  the  crown), 
it  is  good  ;  but  at  all  events  the  re- 
plication confines  it. 

The  court  determined,  that  it  was 
not  incumbent  on  the  crown  in  this 
case  to  prove  the  quantum  of  the 
debt. 

For  the  crown  the  Solicitor- 
General,  Uampier,  &  Daunct. 

For  the  defendant,  HoLROYDand 

A  BBOT. 


Before  Lord  Ellenborough  and  a  special 
Jury. 

THE  WET  DOCKS. 

Chesnaut  v.  Bayncs,  Knt. 
This  was  an  action  against  the 
\\  el  Dock  Company,  charging  them 
with  having  taken  into  their  docks 
2~5  puncheons  of  brandy  belonging 
to  the  plaintiff,  and  with  having 
kept  it  so  negligently  that  the  plain- 
tiffsustained  a  loss  of  509  gallons, 
there  being  that  deficiency  in  the 
quantity  detween  the  period  when 


i.  \w  nr.ponT?. 


17 


the  brandies    were  ganged  l>v  the 
<  ccise  gangers  and  the  deliver)  froin 

tin-  docks.    The  plaintiff  insisted 
that  thii deficiency  was  occasioned 
by  pillage,  ami  that  the  Dot :h  (  loin- 
pany  being  bound  to  keep  all  mer- 
chandise secure  and  sale,  were  liable 
to  nake  reparation  for  the  loss.  — 
The   Dock  Company,  in  their  de- 
fence, endeavoured  to  Bhew  that  the 
deficiency  arose  from  natural  causes: 
first,  that  the  brandies  were  landed 
on  their  quays  in  hot  weather,  and 
consequently    liable     to    evaporate 
from    the  rays  of  the   sun;    and 
condly,    thai  the  puncheons  being 
made  of  soft  Hamburgh  timber,  open 
and  full  of  veins,  the  liquor  had  ex- 
uded through  the  pores  and  a  great 
loss    was    sustained    by    Leakage. 
This  last  point  was  replied  to  by 
stating,  that  it'  the  puncheons  were 
in  the  condition  stated,   it  was  the 
duly  of  the  Dock  Company  to  have 
given  notice  of  the  fact  to  the  plain- 
till',  and  to  have  seen  that  they  were 
properly  coopered.     The  plaintiff, 
however,    Avas    convinced  that  the 
imperfect  state   of  the    puncheons 
was  an  after-thought ;  and  it  would 
be  monstrous,  it  was  said,  if  it  were 
otherwise,  as  the  Dock    Company 
had  charged  the  plaintiff  between 
2  and  300/.  for  warehousing,  coop- 
ering, and  keeping  safe  the  brandies 
in  question.     Another  proof  of  its 
being  an  after-thought  was,  that  the 
deficiency  in  some  of  the  puncheons 
was  10,  l"2,  and  13  gallons,  and  in 
others  only  one  :   however,  as  there 
might  be  some  loss  by  leakage,  the 
plaintiff  was   inclined  to    make  an 
allowance  of  one  gallon  in   every 
puucheon.  and  take  a  verdict  for 


the  remaining  lost.     Thii 

sidered  to  be  ■  fair  proposal  bv  hi-c 

lordship,  who  said,   be  wished  the 

Wet  Dock  ( Sompanies  to  understand 

that  they  were  bound  to  give  d 
to  the  merchants  of  the  imp* 
state  of  their  pum  '  id  pack- 

ages; to  cooper  and  preserve  them, 
if  necessary;  and,  in  inert,  to  give 
ev(  r\  requisite  car.-  and  atto 
the   merchandise  in  their  cost 

should    require.      The    jury    found 

for  the  plaintiff  for  a  deficiency  of 
illons,  and  thedutj  ,  amount- 
ing: to  220/. 


\  motion  was  made  in  ih<i  Court 
of  Chancery,  Dublin,  for  an  attach- 
ment against  an  attorney,  for  pub- 
lishing in  the  newspapers  the-  pro- 
ceedings of  that  court  in  reversing 
the  decree  of  another,  as  it  casi  re- 
flections on  some  of  the  pa: 
and  introduced  matter  which  was 
hurtful  to  their  feelings. 

His  lordship  said,  he  was  proud 
to  find  the  proceedings  of  courts 
published,  and  he  wished  to  see  a 
great  deal  more  of  thorn,  as  they 
answered  most  salutary  purposes. 
It  shewed  the  people  how  to  guide 
themselves  when  similar  cases  would 
occur:  and,  if  judges  acted  urong, 
the  proceedings  ought  to  be  pub- 
lished, lie,  for  his  part,  wished 
every  decree  he  bad,or  would  make, 
was  in  every  newspaper  in  the  Id 
dom  :  if  the  press  were  I 
God  knows  where  il  would  end. 

Such    language    does  honour  t  » 
the  head  and  the  heart  of  the  n 
and  learned  lord. 
.Motion 
E2 


'> 


GENERAL  RETROSPECT  OF  POLITICS,  FOR  THE  YEAB  1808. 


Is  the  present  eventful  period  of 
the  history  of  tlir  world,  there  has 
been  scarcely  any  \<;ir  more  pro- 
ductive of  important  occurrences, 
than  the  year  which  has  just,  elaps- 
ed.      Nothing    could     have    been 
more  gloomy  than   the  prospects  of 
the  Continent  ami  of  Great  Britain 
at  the  dote  of  the  year   1807.       \s 
Austria  had  shewn  herself  too  weak 
ever  to  attempt  a  diversion,    while 
the  common  enemy   was  breaking 
down  the   power   of   Prussia,    and 
bumbling   Russia,  it  was  impossi- 
ble for  those  who  wished  most  ar- 
dently for  the  deliverance  of  Europe 
to  conceive  by  what  power,  or  com- 
bination of  powers,  it  could  here- 
after be  effected.    Prussia  appeared 
not  only  to  have  been  conquered, 
but  even  (as  Mr.  Burke  once  s-nd 
df  France) to  be  blotted  out  from  the 
list  of  nations  and  from  the  map  of 
Europe.     Her  great  military  power 
was  not   only   taken  away  from  the 
strength  of  Europe,  but  the  greater 
part  of  her    celebrated    army    was 
incorporated    with    the   armies   of 
those  vassal  states,  which  the  com- 
mon   enemy    had    created    for    the 
purpose  of  forwarding  his  views  to 
universal  empire.       The    pride  of 
Russia  has  been   completely   hum- 
bled   at    the    battle    of    Friedland, 
and   by    the   disgraceful   treaty    of 
Tilsit.      The    Emperor    Alexander 
convinced  the  world,  that  no  hopes 
were  to  be  formed  from  any  thing 
offirmness or  vigour,  which  had  hi- 
therto been    supposed  to  belong  to 
his  private  character.     Before  his 
territories  had  been  invaded,  or  the 
energies  of  his  country  tried,  he  ac- 
cepted such  a  peace  as  a  sovereign 
who  possessed  any  portion   of  the 


spirit  of  Peter  the  Great  would  not 
have  signed  if  the  French  army  had 

been   before   Petersburgh.      By  this 
treaty  he  agreed  to  give  up  Molda- 
via and  Wallachia,  which   he  had 
conquered  from  the  Turks  :   he  also 
agreed  to  give  up  the  mouths  of  tin- 
Cattaro,  the  Russian  forts  in  Dal- 
matia,    and   the   island  of   Corfu; 
by    this    means    surrendering    the 
claims  and  views  which  Russia  had 
so  long  entertained  for  the  dismem- 
berment of  Turkey,  to  the  French 
Emperor,  who  had  professed  to  take 
that  country  under  his  high    pro- 
tection.   If  it  was  degrading  to  the 
sovereign  of  forty  millions  of  peo- 
ple to  purchase  security  from  at- 
tack  by  such  great  sacrifices,    the 
Emperor  Alexander  was  still  more 
degraded  by  what  he  was  obliged 
to  take  from  his  conqueror,  than  in 
what  he  gave  up.      He  accepted  of 
a  part  of  the  dominions  of  his  ally 
the  King  of  Prussia;  a  part   which 
was  too  small  to  give  any  sensible 
increasctothestrength  of  Russia,  but 
sufficiently  large  to  shew  the  world 
that  he  was  no  more  restrained  by 
any  feelings  of  honour  or  of  princi- 
ple,   than  the    French    Emperor. 
Having  consented  to  share  in   thr 
spoils  of  his  ally,  he  was  admitted 
into  Bonaparte's  legion  of  honour, 
and  consented  to  receive,  as  French 
ambassador,  Caulincourt,  the  mur- 
derer of  the    Duke   D'Enghien,  a 
worthy  representative  of  his  mas- 
ter.     When  it  is  recollected,  that 
the  murder  of  the  Duke  D'Enghien 
w;is    the   circumstance    which   first 
induced  the   Emperor  of  Russia  to 
take  up  arms  against   France,  it  is 
hardly  possible  to  conceive  a  great- 
er personal  humiliation  than  to  be 


RETROIFECT    OF    POLITIC  -. 


89 


obliged  to   receive  in    the  honoina- 

B 

hie  character  of  ambassador,  (lie 

man  who  was  llie  principal  instru- 
ment in  that  scene.     It  would  bare 

been  a  less  humiliation  to  have  hern 
Obliged  publicly,  anil  in  the  face  of 
Europe,  to  beg  pardon  ol  Bona- 
parte  lor  having  expressed  Lrri<t  at 
the  death  of  that  unfortunate  prince, 
than  to  be  obliged  to  hold  daily 
conferences  with  one  of  his  murder- 

an.  It  was  nc( -css.-irv,  however, 
for  the  policy  of  Bonaparte,  that 
Alexander  should  always  feel  his 

inferiority;    that  his    mind  should  ; 
be  fully   impressed    with    the  idea, 
that  it   was  only  by   following    the; 
system  which    France  should    die-  j 
tale,  that    he   could   entertain    any 
hopes  of  gratifying  his  own  private  ; 
ambition.      While  he  continued  lo 
act   as   an    obedient   vassal,   Bona-  ; 
parte  allowed  him  to  pursue   some 
of  his  favourite  schemes  of  ambition. 
Although  France  had   stipulated 
at  the  treaty  of  Tilsit,   that    Molda- 
via and  Wallachia   should   be   re- 
stored  lo  the    Porte,    she  allowed 
the  Russian  armies  still    to  occupy 
them,  and  pointed   out   a    new  ob- 
ject   of   ambition   to  Alexander   in 
the  conquest    of  Sweden.      In  con- 
sideration   of    tho*e     advantages, 
Alexander  was  obliged  to  enter  com- 
pletely into  that  system  of  vassal- 
which   is  called  by  Bonaparte. 
the  system  of  the  Continent;  to  cut 
off  all    commercial   relations    with 
Great    Britain,    and   afterwards  to 
declare  war  formally   against    this 
country.     The  Russian  declaration 
of  war  is  one  of  the  feeblest   state 
papers   that   we    have    ever    seen. 
The  attack    of    Copenhagen,    and 
the  not  assisting  her  allies  in   the 
war,  were  the  principal  grounds  of 
reproach  against  this  country.     His  \ 


majesty's  answer  to  this  declaration 
completely  refuted  the  frivolous 
accusations  which  formed  the  sub- 
stance of  it,  referred  to  the  -.i.if <• 
papers  published  at  the  time,  which 

justified     the      expedition    on 

ground   of  aecessitj  ,  self-defi 
and  treated  the  Russian  de<  lara- 
tioa  as  merely  dictated  by   France. 
It  concluded  by  declaring,  that  his 

majesty  had  BO  hostility  to  Re 
and  that  as  BOOfl  as  that  power 
should  emancipate  herself  from  her 
dependaBce  on  France,  the  old  re- 
lations of  peace  and  friendship  be- 
tween the  two  countries  might  be 
immediately  restored. 

ka  to  the  attack  of  ( kroeohagen,tl 
has  been  completely  justified  upon 
the  principle  of  absolute  necessity, 
in  as  much  as  not  only    the  known 
character  of  Bonaparte,  but  positive 
information  from  Portugal,  left  our 
ministers  no  room  to  doubt,  hut  that 
it  was  the  full  intent  ion  of  the  Frem  h 
ruler    to   unite   nil  the    fleets  of  tin- 
continental  powers  in  an  attack  upon 
these   islands.      The   opposition   in 
parliament  condemned  the  measure 
violently,  on  the  ground  of  its  being 
inconsistent  with  that   morality   for 
which  the  British  nation  had  always 
been  so  justly  distinguished.  It 
retorted    upon   them   by   minister-, 
that  (when  in  power)  they  did  not 
seem  to  be  guided  by  that  new  mo- 
rality, w  hen  they  attacked  Constan- 
tinople, ami  endeavoured  to  carry 
oft'the  Turkish  fleet,  nor  when  I 
seised   Alexandria,    nor  yet  when 
they  gave  instructions  to  Lord  St. 
Vincent  with  respect   to  the  Portu- 
guese    fleet.      These  recriminations 
were   not  otherwise  important  than 
as  tending  to  shew,  that  tl 
meats  employed    by  opposition   in 
the  course  of  debate,  were  nut  the 


30 


Rrrnnspi:fT   op   roi.nics. 


principles  which  had  governed  them 
when    in   power.      The  only  doubt 
thai  now  exists  of  the  measure  being 
perfectly  justifiable,  is,    with   re- 
spect to  the  extend  and  degree  of 
danger  to  this  country  from  allow- 
ing the  Danish  fleet  to  he  armed  and 
equipped  ;  for  if  the  capture  or  de- 
struction of  that    Heel  Mas  essential 
to  the  security  of  this  country,  all 
the  world    must  acknowledge  the 
measure  to  be  justified  by  the  neces- 
sity in  v.  hich  it  originated  :  self-de- 
fence, which  is  the  first  law  of  na- 
ture, is  also  the    first  principle  of 
morality,  and  there  is  no  maxim  in 
politics  more   universally    assented 
to,  than  that  "  salus  popvli  supremo. 
lev  est."     As  to  the  other  reproach 
which  was  thrown  out    against  this 
country  by  Russia,  and   in  the  jus- 
tice of  which  all    Europe   agreed, 
that  we  were   the  first  to   stimulate 
others  to  war,  and  the  last  to  expose 
ourselves  to  the  dangers  of  it,  this 
reproach   appeared    but   too  well 
sounded,     ft  was  certainly  impossi- 
ble for  England  to  send   armies  to 
the  defence  of  the  Continent  equal 
to  those  which    France  could  pour 
forth  for  its  suhjugation  ;  but  it  by 
no  means  followed,  that  because  we 
could  not   he  principals  in  a  conti- 
nental    war,    we    should   therefore 
give  no  military  assistance  to  those 
who  were  fightingthe  battles  of  Eu- 
rope; nor  docs  it  seem  to  be  a  neces- 
sary consequence,  that  because  we 
unable  to  do  every  things  that 
therefore  we  should  do  nothing.  It 
was    utterly    inconceivable    to    the 
people  of  the  Continent,  that  this 
united  kingdom,  with  its  population 
of  sixteen  millions,  with  an  immense 
army  upon  paper,  and  having  abun- 
dant  means  to  equip  and   ships   to 
convey  her  armies,  should  yet  s-  e 


nation  after  nation  overthrown  with- 
out   making  the  slightest  effort  to 
si\e  them.   Bonaparte  took  advan- 
tage  of  this  feeling  upon  the  Con- 
tinent, to  calumniate  the  British  na- 
tion, to  describe  them  as  worthless 
and  dangerous  allies,  and   to  make 
all  other  nations  at  least    indifferent 
about  the  fate  of  this  country.     On 
the  1 7th  of  December,  1 807,  he  pub- 
lished his  celebrated  decree  at  Mi- 
lan, declaring  the  British  islands  in 
a  state  of  blockade,  and  denationa- 
lizing the  ships  of  any  neutral  power 
which  submitted   to  be  searched  at 
sea  by  British  ships  of  war.  At  this 
time  there  was  not  a  spot  ofthcCon- 
t  inent  of  Europe  open  to  British  com- 
merce except  Sweden  ;  and  the  Unit- 
ed States  of  America  had,    by  their 
1  non-importation  and  embargo  laws, 
entered  into  the  viewsof  Bonaparte. 
This  country  was  threatened  not  on- 
ly with  the    loss  of  its   commerce, 
with  famine  in  the  case  of  a  bad  har- 
vest, but  with  the  physical  force  of 
all  Europe,  combined  and  directed 
by  the  genius   and  energy  of  the 
ruler  of  France. 

Such  was  the  situation  of  the 
country  at  the  conclusion  of  the  year 
1807.  On  the  first  day  of  the 
year  1808,  theAusf  rian  ambassador, 
Count  Sfahremburgh,  presented  a 
note  to  Mr.  Canning,  the  secretary 
for  foreign  affairs,  stating  that  he 
was  authorized  (but  not  mentioning 
whether  by  his  own  master  or  Bona- 
parte), to  propose  that  this  country 
should  sendplenipotentiaries  toParis 
to  treat  for  peace.  Thcanswerofour 
government  was,  that  we  were  also 
disposed  for  peace,  but  that  before 
plenipotentiaries  were  appointed,  it 
wasneccssary  to  know  on  what  terms 
France  was  willing  to  treat.  A  few 
days    after   receiving  this  answer. 


IlETnoSPr.CT    01    POLITIC!. 


Count  Stahremburgh  applied  foi  bis 
passport  and  left  the  country.  In 
both  the  overture  of  Count  Stahrem- 
Ijur^Ii  and  the  offer  ofRusiia  tome* 
diate  after  the  treaty  of  Tilsit  (in 
which  a  month  was  the  time  speci- 
fied for  England  to  express  her  as- 
sent),  Bonaparte  seemed  (<»  adopt  a 
tone  more  resembling  a  summons  to 
the  garrison  ofa  besieged  city,  than 
n  proposal  of  sincere  peace  i<>  a  great 
and  equal  power,     [f ministers  had 

discovered  an  eagerness  to  welcome 

proposals  offered  in  such  a  tone, 
they  would  have  compromised  the 
honour  and  security  of  the  country  ; 
for  every   Briton  must  feel,    thai 

there  could   be  neither    honour  nor 
security   in  any   treaty    which    im- 
plied a   superiority    in  our  enemy. 
He  had  some  grounds  for  assuming 
a  tone  of  superiority  over  those  con- 
tinental nations   which  he  had  con- 
quered, but  certainly  not  towards 
this  country,  over  which  no  triumph 
had  been  obtained.     The  conduct 
of  ministers  on  these  occasions  was 
arraigned  in  parliament  by  some  of 
their  opponents, whoseeraed  to  think 
peace  upon  any  terms  desirable, and 
who  appeared  to  be  so  dazzled  with 
the  genius  of  Bonaparte,    and    the 
splendour  of  his  successes,  as  to  con- 
sider him  invincible.    The    present 
ministers, however,  in  this  mosta- 
larming  crisis,  did   not  despair  of 
the  fortunes  of  their  country,  and 
the  result  has  already  justified  their 
hopes.   There  can  be  no  doubt  that 
the  prospects  of  this  country  and 
of  Europe  are  brighter  than  they 
were  at  the  close  of  the  year  1807, 
or  than   they    won  hi    have   been   it 
England   had  condescended  to  ac- 
cept   what     Bonaparte    had    been 
pleased  to  dictate  under  the  name 
of  peace. 


The  principal  events  which  marl 
the  history  of  they  eai  1808,  are  the 
attempts  made  by  the  Emperor  of 
Russia  t  under  the  dictation  •/ Bona- 
parte) to  subjugate  S\sf<\<-u, 
attempts  of  Bonaparte  i"  make  him- 
self absolute  master  of  Spain,  Use 
expulsion  ofthe  French  troops  from 
Portugal,  the  incorporation  of  the 
Papal  territories  and  Tuscany  with 
the  French  empire,  the  arraanx 
in  lustria,  and  the  revolutions  in 
Turkey.  The  general  result  oi  the  t 
operations  has  been,  th;tt  Russia  in  ■ 
whole  year  has  not  been  able  lot  on- 
(pier  Sweden,  or  advance  beyond 
the  province  of  Finland  ;  while,  on 
the  other  hand,  she  has  lost  a  fled 
at  Lisbon,  and  has  been  defeated  in  a 
naval  action  in  the  Baltic.  The 
French    Emperor,    who   governed 

Spain  completely  by    his  iniiin 

bas  put  every  thing  to  hazard  inorder 
to  obtain  the  appearance  only  «•:  .> 
more  complete  and  absolute  domi- 
nion over  that  country :  in  this  at- 
tempt he    has    experience  I    . 
losses,  and  whatever  may  be  tl 
rial  issue   of  it,  it    appears   als 
certain,  that  Spanish  Aroei 

probably  the  Spanish  navy,  will  be 
w  ithdrawn  from  his  influence;  while 
Spain  will,  for  many  years,  arbeth  r 
victorious  or  beaten,  employ  a  e 
siderable  portion  of  his  armies.    ( 
the  side  of  Austria  and  TurL 
rope  appears  to  h;:\  e  gain*  : 
derably  in  strength  during  the  year. 
Austria  has  at  lengthy  learned  iu 
school  ofadversitj  ,  that  regularar- 
mies  are  not  sufficientto  save  a  coun- 
try from  such  an  enemy  as  Bonn- 
parte.  The  Emperoi  of  Austria  has 
appealed  to  the  spirit  ofhis  people, 
and  they  have  answered  his  utn 
wishes. By  the  immense  levies  « !;ii  h 
have  been  made, ".nu  tiic 


at 


RETKOSPECT    OF    POLITICS. 


of  their  national  militia,  thedefensive 
force  ofAastria  has  been  nearly  don- 
bled  in  the  course  of  the  present 
year.  The  Turkish  empire,  which 
appeared  sunk  to  the  lowest  degree 
of  weakness,  has  gained  consider- 
ably in  strength  bj  ils  last  revolu- 
tion :  and  by  the  energy  and  talents 
displayed  by  its  grand  vi/ier,  ftfus- 
tapba  Bairactar,  it  is  no  longer  that 
feeble  country  over  which  a  French 
army  might  march  without  opposi- 
tion to  the  conquest  of  Persia  and 
India.  Turkey,  like  Austria,  now 
presents  to  view  a  great  nation  pre- 
p Rling  itself  for  an  important  crisis. 
The  prejudices  of  ages  have  yield- 
ed to  the  necessity  of  the  times,  and 
Eastern  Europe  may  yet  present  a 
formidable  barrier  against  the  uni- 
versal empire  to  which  Bonaparte 
aspires.  To  these  events  we  must  also 
add,tbeexperiment  which  (lie  Unit- 
ed States  of  America  have  made,  of 
starring  Europe  into  compliance 
with  their  terms,  by  the  operation 
of  their  embargo  act  :  an  experi- 
ment which, however,  has  complete- 
ly failed  ;  for,  besides  that  they 
have  been  the  principal,  if  not  the 
only  sufferers,  they  have  taught  our 
West  India  planters  to  appreciate 
their  own  resources,  and  have  lent 
a  fostering  hand  to  the  more  extend - 
ultivation  of  our  own  Trans- 
atlantic dominions.  From  these  con- 
siderations it  will  appear,  that  the 
prospects  of  the  world  are  some- 
what  brighter  now  than  they  were 
at  the  close  of  the  year  1S07. 

The  war  which  the  Emperor  of 
Russia  commenced  against  Sweden 
in  (he  beginning  of  1808,  was  not 
preceded  by  any  provocation  or 
cause  of  complaint  on  the  part  of 
the  Kiii',r  of  Sweden.  The  Empe- 
rpi  Alexander  (under  the  dictation 


of  Bonaparte)  invited  him  to  join  in 
a  confederacy  against  England  :  he 
refused  to  do  so,  and  the  emperor 
unmediatelypublished  a  declaration 
ofwar  against  him,  on  the  ground, 
that  ,k  (he  relations  between  Russia 
ami  Sweden  must  be  no  longer  un- 
certain." The  court  of  Denmark 
also  about  the  same  time  published 
a  declaration  ofwar  against  Sweden, 
containing  the sameexpression. This 
phrase  was  evidently  of  French  ori- 
gin, and  meant  that  Sweden  must 
resign  its  own  independence,  and 
act  in  the  same  manner  that  Bona- 
parte prescribed  to  his  other  vassals. 
The  King  of  Sweden  answered  the 
Russian  manifesto  with  great  firm- 
ness, and  stated  that  he  had  resisted 
an  offer  made  to  him  in  the  last  year 
by  Bonaparte,  of  recovering  all  the 
provinces  which  Charles  XII.  had 
lost  to  Russia,  if  he  would  join 
the  continental  confederacy  against 
England.  Formidable  preparations 
of  war  were  made  both  by  Russia  and 
Denmark.  A  very  considerable  Rus- 
sian army  entered  Swedish  Finland 
in  the  month  of  February,  and 
threatened  nothing  less  than  to 
inarch  to  Stockholm  in  the  course  of 
the  campaign  ;  a  combined  French 
and  Danish  army  threatened  to  cross 
the  Sound,  and  invade  Sweden  in 
that  epiarter  :  fortunately,  however, 
for  the  King  of  Sweden,  the  capture 
of  the  Danish  licet  in  the  preceding 
year  rendered  this  measure  imprac- 
ticable. He,  on  his  side,  made  vi- 
gorous preparations  for  carrying  on 
the  Avar  against  both  Russia  and 
Denmark  :  he  sent  a  considerable 
army  into  Finland,  and  another 
force  to  invade  Norway.  On  the 
side  of  Norway,  the  Swedish  troops 
had  at  the  commencement  of  the 
campaign  considerable  advantages, 


ri;tro'-im  (  i   OF    for. i  nr  -. 


33 


1  i  ;il'i(  wards  obliged  to  re- 

turn lo  tbeii  old  positions.  ( m  the 
side  id  Finland,  f  he  Swedish  armies 
have  foil-!. i  with  considerable  spi- 
:mk1  have  often  defeated  the 
I'd  lianarmics;  but  they  were  never 
able  to  repair  the  losses  thai  bad 
lined  in  the  first  irruption 
oftbeRu  sinn  army,  which  advanc- 
ing nnexpci  tedly,  and  with  an  im- 
mense  superiority  of  force,  occupi- 
ed the  whole  of  Southern  Finland, 
and  captured  the  strong  town  of 
Sweaburgh,  in  the  first  two  months 
of  the  wsii  The  Swedish  troops 
have,  however, shewn  the  most  dis- 
tinguished bravery,  and  the  Rus- 
sians appear  unequal  to  the  execu- 
tion of  their  threat  ot  marching  to 
Stockholm.  When  it  was  known 
in  England,  that  the  Emperor  of 
Russia  had  thus  unexpectedly  de- 
clared war  against  our  ally,  and  thai 
Sweden  Mas  threatened  on  all  sides 
by  enemies,  no  time  was  lost  by  the 
present  ministers  to  send  a  consider- 
able force  to  his  assistance.  Alex- 
ander had  chosen  the  season  of  u  in- 
ter for  his  attack,  both  because  the 
morasses  of  Finland  are  then  frozen 
over  and  present  no  obstacles  to  the 
march  of  an  army,  and  because  at 
that  season  of  the  year  no  British 
auxiliary  force  could  enter  the  Hal- 
tie.  The  fortress  of  Sweaburgh  for 
the  same  reasons  \\a.>  unable  to  oiler 
any  effectual  resistance,  and  the 
grand  Swedish  flotilla,  which  was 
locked  up  in  the  harbour  by  frost, 
fell  into  the  hands  ;■!  the  Russians. 
No  sooner,  however,  was  the  Baltic 
open  to  a  British  fleet,  than  it  was 
entered,  not  only  by  a  considerable 
naval  force,  but  an  expedition  con- 
sisting of  near  1500  men,  under 
Ike  command  of  Sir  John  Moore, 
arrived  at  Gotfenburgh.  This  force 
No.  1.   Vol.  1. 


for,   bul  (he  dan- 
it.     At  the  time  of  tl  l 
•  difference  of  opinion  aro  e  be- 
n  the  King  <>. 

.nt    the 

empfc  ps  '•    all  thai 

iv  publicly  known  oft! 
that  the  King  of  Sweden,  i  tmslder- 
ring  his  frontiers  safe  on  the  sic1 
Norway,  and  not  fearing  an  mv  i     n 
from  Copenhagen,   wbhed  to  em- 
ploy the  British  troops  in  lial  and, 
upon  expeditions  which  appeared 
to  Sir  John  Moore  to  be  very  im- 
prudent.   The  King  of  Sweden 
irritated    at    the    opposition  10  bis 
.  and  the  British  army  return- 
ed.    It    has    never    been    publicly 
stated    what  were  the   proj 

petitions  of  which  Sir  John  V 
disapproved,    but    it  was  et  idenf, 

that  upon  (he  arrival  of  the  British 

force  at  Gotteuborgh,  Su 
not  on  that  side  exposed  to  so  much 
danger  as  was  apprel  !  '•  I 
that  the  continuance  of  a  British 
force  in  that  neighbourhood  would 
be  unnecessary.  The  return  of  the 
British  expeditiondid  not,  however, 
alter  the  disposition  of  the  King  of 
Sweden,  who  continued  the  war  with 
great  firmness,  and  accepted  with 
thankfulness  the  naval  assistance 
which  this  country  afforded  him. 

The  ver.t,  however,  which 

marks  the  history  of  the  year  I 
and  which  (it  Providence  so  wills 
it)   may  form  a  new  ara  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  world,   i-.  the  rising  of 

Spanish  nation  against  Bona- 
parte. Although  the  French  tr 
have  a  second  time  entered  Madrid, 
the  final  issue  of  that  stniirirle  has 
not  been  yd  determined :  and  if 
the  jnst  cause  of  9p  tin  should  ulti- 
mately p;  ndenceof 

F 


HETROSPECT    OF    POLITICS. 


the    other  nations  of  Europe  may 
yet  be  secured,  ami  ultimately  be 
freed  from  the  apprehension  of  fall* 
Ins;  under  the  degrading  yoke  of  an 
upstart    military  adventurer,    an  h<> 
boldly  and  without  disguise  avows 
his  intention  of  reducing  all  nations  to 
an  obedience  to  his  will.   The  prin- 
cipal events  of  the  Spanish  revolu- 
tion  arc  so  fresh  in  the  recollection  < 
of  our   readers,  that   it  will  be   un- 
necessary   to  repeat   them,    and  it 
would  much  exceed  our  limits  to 
dwell   upon  the  events  A\hich  have 
recently  taken  place  in  that  country. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  there 
has  tor  many  years  existed  among 
the    grandee*    of  Spain    an  ardent 
feeling  for  the  honour  of  their  coun-  ' 
try,   and  a  deep-rooted  indignation  ' 
against   that  upstart  favourite,  the 
Prince  of  the  Peace,  whose  base  po- 
lity had  reduced  Spain  so  low  as  to 
be    considered  by  Bonaparte  as  a 
part  of  his  federative  empire.     The 
inarching  of  French  armies  through 
Spain  under  pretence  of  occupying 
Portugal,  and  afterwards  the  trea- 
cherousoccupationof  Barcelona  and 
Pampeluna  by  the  French,  opened 
the  eyes  of  the  Spanish  nation. — 
The  tumult  at  .Aranjuez  made  the 
old  king  think  it  prudent  to  abdicate 
lii>  crown,  ami  his  son  was  welcomed 
to  the  throne  and   proclaimed  with 
the    greatest    enthusiasm    all   over 
Spain.       The  treachery  by  which 
Bonaparte  persuaded  the  royal   fa- 
mily of  Spain  to  meet  him  at  Bay- 
onne,  their  forced  abdication,  and 
subsequent    imprisonment,   the  en- 
trance of  the  French  into  Madrid, 
and  the  massacre  of  the  2d  of  M  >v. 
are  e\  ents  tush  in  the  recollection  of 

c\ery  body.     The  consequence  has 
been,  the  simultaneous  rising  of  all 

the  provinces  of  Spain,  the  capture 


:  of  Dupont,  the  defeat  of  Monrry, 
the  noble  defence  of  Saragossa,  and 
the  struggle  which  Spain  is  now 
maintaining  against  the  whole  pow- 
er of  Bonaparte. 

The  great  success  which  the  Spa- 
niards had  in  the  beginning  of  the 
J  war,  and  the  defeats  and  losses  w  hicb 
1  the  French  armies  sustained  in 
Spain,  raised  the  public  feeling  in 
this  country  to  the  highest  enthusi- 
asm, and  to  a  confident  hope  that 
the  time  had  at  length  arrived,  that 
would  witness  the  overthrow  of  the 
gigantic  power  of  Bonaparte.  Ho 
was  considered  as  already  conquer- 
ed, and  our  politicians  argued,  with 
considerable  shew  of  reason,  that  if 
the  Spanish  people  were  able  to  do 
so  much  unorganized,  undisciplin- 
ed, and  unarmed,  they  would  be 
infinitely  stronger  after  they  had 
had  six  months  time  to  be  armed, 


equipped,  and  organized.  They 
also  thought,  that  Bonaparte  had 
been  quite  intoxicated  with  his  for- 
mer successes,  and  that  he  had  com- 
muted a  capital  error  in  endeavour- 
ing to  conquer  by  force  a  country 
which  he  before  ruled  completely 
by  his  influence.  Whether  this 
last  opinion  be  well  or  ill  founded, 
must  be  determined  by  the  result; 
but  there  is  no  doubt,  that  having 
taken  the  resolution  absolutely  to 
Conquer  Spain,  he  took  his  measures 
with  great  craft  and  ability.  Under 
the  shew  ofmarchingthrough  Spain 
(o  Portugal,  he  took  care  to  seize 
the  strong  fortresses  of  Barcelona 
and  Pampeluna.  By  fraud  and 
treachery  he  got  (he  whole  royal  fa- 
mily of  Spain  in  his  hands,  and 
prevailed  on  them  to  abdicate  their 
rights  to  the  throne.  He  also  got 
a  number  of  the  first  personages  in 
I  Spain  to  a^ree  to  the  constitution 


RFTnosPLC  r  oj    i-f.i.i  iim. 


m 


which  was  settled  at  Bayonne,  and 
which  was  certainly  better  than  the 
wretched  form  of  government  before 
subsisting  in  Spain.  He  offered  (his 
constitution   with    his   brother  ,lo- 


withthe  Spanish  nation  werenoto- 
rioui  to  nil    En  rope  j  and  that  he 

should  not  depart  from  them.      He 

■poke  with  great  indignation  ol  the 
indecorum  ol  calling  the  a  bole  Spa- 


seph  for  their  kin«-,  ami  threatened     nisli  nation  insurgents, and expi 


them  with  subjugation  in  the  event 
of  tin  ii  refusal.  The  army  \\ fii<  li 
lie  had  in  Spain  was  either  not  suf- 
ficiently numerous,  ->r  sufficiently 
well  directed,  to  crash  a  general 
rising  of  the  Spanish  nation,  but 
ha  was  conscious  of  the  great  re- 
serves which  he  could  bring  up. 

Austria  was  in  the  mean  time  mak- 
ing the   most    formidable  prepara- 
tions.    Thi'  destruction   of  the  Pa- 
pal power,  the  seizing  the  persons 
ol    the  royal  family   of  Spain,   and 
the  avowed  intention  of  conquering 
that  country,  made  Austria  clearly 
tea  the  danger  a  Inch  awaited  her  if 
she    continued    any   longer    inert. 
Bonaparte  perceived    how  formida- 
ble a  diversion  the  Emperor  of  Aus- 
tria   was    capable   of  making,  and 
what  a  chance  there  was  of  the  rest 
of  Europe  following  the  example  of    W  bether  his  armies  are  sufficiently 
Spain  :    he  therefore    left    the  Iron-     numerous   to  occupy    all  Spaii  . 
tiers  of  Spain,  and   went  to    Erfort     whether  the  Spanish  nation  has  sul- 
in  Saxony,  to  meet  the  Emperor  of    ficient  spirit  ami  resources  to  >■■ 
Russia.       In    these  conferences    he     his  armies   a  second  time,  remains 
established     his     ascendency    over     yd  to  be  decided. 
Alexander,  and  all  Europe  were  in-  .       The  grand  question  now  with  re- 
formed  that  the  two   emperors  act-     sped  to  British  politics  is  this:  Has 
ed  in  the  most  perfect  concert.  Their     the  country  done  its  duty  ?   or  ! 
imperial  majesties,  however,  chose  ;  ministers  done  their  duty  in  gi 
to  act  the  farce  of  offering  peace  to    adequate  support  to  the  cause  of 
England ;  but  the  terras  of  it  were  to  I  Spain?  There  is  no  doubt  but  tint 
be,  that  the  Spanish    nation  (whom  '■   we  have  been  liberal  in  granting  all 

manner  of  supplies,  of  money,  amis. 


ed  surprise  at  finding   tin-  I.'n  i 

of    Russia    so    blindly     led    by    the 

French  Emperor,  as  to  sanction  the 
most   monstrous  asurpation   \        i 

'  had  ever  been  known  in  the  history 
|  of  the  world.        Sucfa  a  deelar  rtion 

certainly  did  great  credit  to  the 
feelings  of  the  government,  ami 
might  be  productive  of  great  benefit 

to  the  cause  of  Spain,  if  that  < 
is  not  already  too  far  gone,  li 
parte  advanced    rapidly   from    Er- 

fortto  the  frontiers   of  Spain,  and 

took  the  command  of  the  great  ar- 
my which  had  been  march  in; 
that  country  while  he  was  holding 
conferences  with  the  Empen  r  of 
Russia.  His  campaign  has  hitherto 
been  brilliant  :  In-  has  defeated  the 
armies  of  IJlake  and  Castanos, 
entered    Madrid     as   a    conqueror. 


they  were  pleased  to  designate  as 
insurgents)  should  be  abandoned. 
His  majesty's  ministers,  however, 
^ery  properly  rejected  such  an  over- 
ture: ami  a  declaration  has  been 
issued,  stating  that  the  engagements 
which  Lis  majesty   had  contracted 


and  ammunition:  Spain  has 
knowledged  this  service  with  the 
sincerest  gratitude.  As  to  our  ar- 
mies, the  Spaniards  did  not  in  the 
instance  wish  for  their  co-ope- 
ration.  The  junta  politely 

F  8 


C6 


T.i  rr.nAnv    INTELLIGENT!  B. 


refused  the  offered  co-operation  of 
General  Spencer's  corpq  with  tbatof 
Castanos  in  the  attack  of  Duponl  ; 
and  the  junta  of  Gallicia,  even  after 
the  unfortunate  battle  of  Rio  Seco, 
did  noi  wish  Sir  Arthur  Wellesley 
to  co-operate  u  ith  their  arm v  under 
Blake.    Neither  the  great  Northern 
nor  the  great  Southern  arniyof  Spain 
wished  our  direct  co-operation,  and 
each  of  them  pointed  out,  thai  the 
most  effectual  service  we  could  ren- 
tier Spain,  was  to  expel  the  French 
from    Portugal.      This  service    has 
been  rendered,  but  not  in  a  manner 
i       ttisfy  the  first   expectations  of 
the  nation.     A    public  inquiry  has 
been   instituted    into  the  causes    of 
theconvention  by  which  the  French 
were  allowed  to  evacuate  Portugal 
with  their  arms  and  baggage;  and 
as  far  as  public  opinion  can  judge, 
on  the  evidence  which  has  been  laid 
before  the  Court  of  Inquiry,  its  re- 
sult must  be,  that  Sir  Arthur  Wel- 
le-ley  would  have  made  the  victory 
of  \  emiera  most  glorious  and  deci- 
sive, if  he  had  not  been  restrained 
by  Sir  Harry  Burrard  ;  and  that  by 
the   favourable    opportunity    bein<T 
lost,  the  situation  of  the  French  was 


so  much   improved,    that,  in  the 

opinion  of  all  the  other  lieutenant- 
generals, as  well  as  Sir  Hew  Dalrym- 
plc,  they  were  entitled  to  the  favour- 
able terms   of  the  eon\  enlion.      .As 

far  as  the  question  relates  to  minis- 
ters, it  is  now  reduced  to  this  :  who 
was  it  that  recommended  Sir  Harry 
Burrard  to  be  emploj  ed,  and  there- 
by superseded  Sir  Arthur W  ellesley 
in  the  command  of  our  army  in  Por- 
tugal r  Whether  there  has  been  m.y 
unnecessary  delay  in  marching  the 
British   army   from   Portugal   into 
Spain, does  not  as  yet  appear.  The 
feeling  of  this  nation  for  the   cause 
of  Spain  is  so  general  and  so  strong, 
that   we   may  venture    to  say,  the 
point  upon  which  \hc  merits  of  any 
administration  could  be   now  con- 
sidered to  turn,  is,  whether    they 
had  doneenough  for  Spain  ?  or  whe- 
ther it  was  not  possible  for  them  to 
have  done  something  more  than  (hoy 
have  done  ?  On  these  questions,  the 
opinions  of  the   ablest   men    in  the 
nation  will  be  pronounced  in  the  ap- 
proaching parliament,  and   in  our 
next  publication  we  shall  be  able  to 
enter   more   fully  into  the  consider- 
ation of  them. 


LITERARY  INTELLIGENCE. 


Tire  Medical  and  Chirurgical  So- 
ciety of  London  will  shortly  publish 
the  first  volume  of  their  Records. 
It  -will  contain  some  very  valuable 
contributions  from  practitioners  of 
lirst-rale  eminence  in  the  metro- 
| 

Mr.  C'eorGT  Montagu's  supple- 
ment to  \\i*JIiston/  of  British  She  /is 
I-.  nearly  r>  ■  Ij  for  publication. 

Th  I  .  R.  Wares  will  shortly 
put  to  pre^s  a  Dictionary  of  the 
Middle  Language-  of  England,  or  , 


the  Ageof  S/iaksprarc,  on  (he  plan 
of  Johnson's  Dictionary. 

Dr.  ('.  Burnej  has  nearly  com- 
pleted, at  the  Cambridge  press,  his 
very  learned  work  on  the  Chorusses 
of  JEsehylus,  and  it  will  soon  be 
published. 

Mr.  Beloe's  third  volume  of 
i  l/ucdo/e s  of  Litt  nil I' 1 1  and  scarce 
Books  will  appear  in  the  course  of 
this  month. 

The  author  of  the  Military  Men- 
tor is   preparing   for  publication 


I.i  i  i;i:  \  ;:  .  i.k.i  m  i.. 


three   volumes    of    Essay i  on  tin 

Jil   of   liar,   and  On    Modem     Wi- 
lli an/  Tact. 

Mr.    John    Murdoch    of    !!  irt« 

street,  has  nearly  i  01  ipleted  a  work 

which   he    intends    to    publish    by 

rip t ion,  i<>  be  entitled  the  hit  - 

tionarj/  of  Distim 

consist  of  three  alphabets,  contain- 
ing, 1.  Words  the  same  in  sound, 
hut  of  different  spelling  and 
oification,  including  such  as  have 
any  similarity  of  sound.  2.  Words 
that  vary  in  pronunciation  ami 
meaning,  ;i>  accentuated  or  <  oni 
cd.  S.  The  changes  in  sound  and 
sense  produced  by  the  addition  of 
the  letter  e. 

The  Board  of  Agriculture  pro- 
ceed in  their  design  of  completing 
the  County  Reports.  Berkshire; 
Leicestershire,  Oxfordshire,  and 
Derbyshire,  are  in  the  press,  and 
expected  to  appear  shortly  . 


We  allow  a  greater  proportion  of 
room  to  our  examination  of  the  two 
following  articles,  because  we  think, 
their    merits    are     not     sufficiently 
known  or  appreciated. 
Commercial  Arithmetic,   or  a 
method  for  teaching  that  science 
with  facility,    and  of  enabling 
learners   to    instruct    them  selves 
without  atnasti  r.  By  Christopher 
jDubost,   1   vol.    I'Jmo.  pp.  228. 
St.  6d. 
The  Elemei  imercc,  or  a 

treatise  o  i  diffi  rent  ctt  \  ula  ions. 
operation?  of  exchange,  arbitra- 
tion* of  ( Xi  k  an  i  .  'atioms  in 
exi  indbanking  operations, 
exchange  circulations,  operation* 
of  i  d  bullion,  pars  of  ex- 
change  and  coins,  practical  s 
culatiom  in  merchandise,  de- 
scription of  monies,  weights,  and 


mea   ■      }i 

andmea  f  logarithms, 

I   of  <  'ini- 
one. 
author,    2    vols.    8vo.    \>\). 
!/.        . 

>ng  the  /"•  a   publication 
h  hicfa  the    <  i.-iM  c  i.i  nui 
has  bad  to  bo  •  ears 

the  aboi «'   two  works  h<  ar  a 
prominent  rank.    To  those  stu 
w  ho  valuemathematical  kne 
as  much  on  account  of  the  prai 
use  oj  its  i  -  for  the  habit  of 

demonstrative  deduction  which  the 
\  oung  mind  imbi] 
step  by  step,  the  chain  of  unerring 

evidence  on   which  its  the. inn. 

progressively    founded — Mr.    I)u- 
bost's  Commercial  Arithmetic  will 
prove  a  most  useful  and  Interesting 
production.     The  author  apjp 
very  justly,    to    differ    in  opinion 
from  the  g«  Q(  rality  of  our  w  i 
on  elementary  arithmetics,  wh 
judge   from  their  works,    conceive 
that  to  he  tin- easiest  D  idl- 

ing mathematics]  which  (dispensing 
with  all   reasoning)  drily  and  me- 
chanically dictates  rule  after  rule, 
and  depends   on  the   credulity  or 
confidence  of  the  pupil  for  taking 
upon    trust    a    volume    of  nhstract 
precepts  without  any  evidence  of 
their  truth  :   or   which   (advancing 
one  step  farther)  ventures  to  add  in 
abstruse  algebraical  notes    _ 
ly  overlooked  by  the  learner,)  the 
proofs  of  the  rules  given  in  the  I 
methods    which    reduce   the    moat 
elevated,  and  indeed  the  only  cer- 
tain branch  of  human   knowk 
to  a  mere  mechanical  oper  it  in,  ai.d 
cannot  he  too  soon  or   too  -;i 
ly   discouraged,    beennac  they  are 
founded  on  error  :   for  experi 
s  shewn,  that  the  pupil  will  more 


38 


MTr.R  AK  V    1  INTELLIGENCE. 


readily  understand,  and  more  firmly 
retain,  thai  of  which  the  truth  hai 
been  brought  home  to  his  under- 
standing, than  a  chaos  of  rules. 
which  lie  has  been  made  to  learn  by 
rote,  however  carefully  and  neatly 
he  may  hare  recorded  the  whole 
man  in  his  cyphering-book. 

We  do  not  apologize  to  our  read- 
en  tor  this  apparent  aberration. 
It  is  the  pedantic  manner  of  teach- 
ing arithmetic  of  many  ofour'nrj- 
xate  seminaries  (for  most  of  our 
eminent  public  schools  consider  any 
thing  but  Latin  and  Greek,  and 
mathematics  in  particular,  either 
below  their  dignity  or  beyond  their 
province)  :  it  is,  we  are  convinced, 
this  pedantry  of  system  that  creates 
the  disgust  in  our  youth  for  nu- 
merical science,  and  launches  them 
into  the  counting-houses  or  public 
offices  so  totally  ignorant  of  a 
branch  of  knowledge,  the  want  of 
•which  they  feel  at  every  step  in 
their  career,  without  then  having 
either  the  application  or  the  time 
for  supplying  that  chasm  in  their 
edncation. 

Mr.  Dubost's  Commercial  Arith- 
metic sets  out  from  the  first  elements 
of  the  science,  and  gradually  leads 
the  learner  from  one  problem  to 
another,  through  every  rule  neces- 
sary for  the  purposes  of  a  commer- 
cial life.  J  lis  method,  although 
singularly  concise,  is  perspicuous  ; 
and  his  demonstrations  will  be 
found  intelligible  to  the  most  com- 
mon capacity,  being  unincumbered 
by  algebraical  notations.  Thi 
manner  in  which  he  introduces  the 
doctrine  of  decimals  at  the  very 
outset  of  (he  work,  by  combining  it 
at  once  with  our  numeral  system. 
i-  novel  and  ingenious;  the  rule 
given  for  division  of  decimals    (a 


stumbling-block  in  many  arith- 
metical treatises)  is  both  simple  and 

well    explained.      The    chapter  on 

fractions  is  divested  of  it ^  usually 

mysterious  and  dry  complexion, 
and  the  rules  tor  their  multiplication 
and  division  are  well  defined  and 
demonstrated.     The   ride  of  three 

is,   as    it    ought    to    be,    built    upon 

geometrical   proportion  ;  and  from 

the  same  doctrine  Mr.  I),  has  de- 
duced one  of  the  most  important, 
though   least   understood,  rules  in 

commercial  arithmetic,  the  rule  of 

equation )  or.  as  it  is  g  nerally  term- 
ed by  Mich  of  our  English  arithme- 
ticians as  have  noticed  this  species 
of  calculation  at  all,  conjoined  pro- 
portion, upon  which,  as  he  justly 
observes,  the  principal  calculations 
on  business  are  founded. 

The  few  pages  devoted  to  tin? 
article  of  exchanges  are  sufficient 
to  give  correct  ideas  of  a  subject 
which,  in  most  elementary  treatises 
we  know  of,  is  little  more  than  a 
confused  compilation  of  antiquated 
and  erroneous  statements,  copied 
from  preceding  works  equally  loose 
and  incorrect  in  that  respect.  A 
short  chapter  comprehending  the 
first  rudiments  of  algebra  closes  the 
work.       Here    the    lew     analytical 

questions  appear  tous  so  judiciously 

chosen,  and  their  solut  ion  developed 
in  so  clear  and  systematic  a  manner, 
as  10  persuade  us  that  this  little  ap- 
pendix will  tend,  not  only  to  remove 
the  tenor  with  which  young  begin- 
ners in  mathematics  are  accustom- 
ed to  view  that  science,  but  even 
I.,  stimulate  their  ardour  lor  the 
attainment  of  ulterior  perfection 
therein. 

Such  are  the  leading  features  of 
this  valuable  little  treatise.  It  is 
but  justice  due  to  its  author,  whom 


T. itt. riAnr    i\Tt  i.r.ir.r. \i  r . 


I 


xvc  have  not  the  pleasure  of  know-  bost  :  he  not  only  tppetn  f<>  have 
ing,  to  give  our  rooit  cordial  appro-  diligently  consulted  many  <>f  » Ji-- 
bation  i<>  his  efforts,  and  strongly    above    writers,    but    r.i  o  to  haw 


/"  recommend  liisCommei  cialAi  ith- 
tnetic  ax  a  standard  work  both  for 
our  seminaries  and  for  private  or 

self  instruction,  convinced  as  wi- 
nn',  that  it  will  not  fail  to  extend 
and  diffuse  mathematical  knowledge 

■ 

among  the  rising  generation. 

Mr.  Dubost's  Elements  of  Com* 
merce  maj  be  looked  upon  as  the 
sequel  to  Ins  ( ommerciaL  irithmetic. 
lis  principal  contents  will  !>e  found 
enumerated  in  the  title-page.  That 
a  work  of  this  description,  involving 
<hc  whole  theory  of  commerce, 
should  so  long  have  remained  a 
desideratum  ina  country  where  trade 

has     been    carried   to    (he    greatest 

extent  and  highest  degree  of  per- 
fectibility, has,  iii  some  measure, 
the  appearance  of  a  paradox  ;  but 
it  ought  to   be  remembered,    that 

the  best  treatises  on  subjects  of  any 
particular  science  have  rarely  ema- 
nated from  the  country  where  that 
science  has  been  most  successfully 
cultivated.  The  publications  both 
old  and  modern,  exclusively  treat- 
ing of  exchange,  monies,  weights, 
and  measures,  which,  from  time  to 
time,  have  been  published  in  this 
country,  do  not  contradict  our  as- 
sertion. The  greater  number  ofi 
them  term  with  errors  of  incorrect- 
ness or  ignorance,  nay,  frequently 
■with  downright  nonsense,  copied 
from  the  nonsense  of  preceding 
publications.  Their  authors  have 
preferred  such  a  mode  of  writing  to 
the    trouble   of  searching  into  the 


obtain*  d  much  original  information 
from  personal  ei  pei iem  e  and  ob- 
servation,  embracing  the  mi 
changes  in  different  cotmti  i 

It  is  not  v.  iihin  our  limits  to  pre- 
sent our  readers  n ith  s  regular  ab- 
stract of  the  contents  of  a  work  so 

elaborate  and  comprehensive  as  fhe 

present  tn  atise  ;  we  therefore  shall 
content  ourselves   with    tracing   a 

short  ski  teh  of  the  author's  plan.    It 
sets  out  with  an  exposition  of  the  dif- 
ferent calcu  la  I  ions  or.  urring  in  mcr- 
cantile  transactions,  as  Tare,  Tret, 
Commission,     Insurance-,     Interest, 
Discount,  &c.  exemplified  by  ap- 
posite practical   questions.      This 
chapter,  as  well  asevery  subsequent 
one,  is  preceded  by  an  appropriate 
and  in  many  instances  philosophical 
introduction, setting  forth  the  nature 
and  primary  principles  of  the  par- 
ticular subject  under  consideration. 
Mr.   J),  next  proceeds  to  the  sub- 
ject of  exchange,  which  he  prefaces 
by  a  full   illustration  of  the  neces- 
sary arithmetical  rules,  and  parti- 
cularly of  the  Rule  of  Equa 
universally  adopted  throughout  his 

work.     After  elucidating  theopera- 

tions  of  exchange  for  every  com- 
mercial place  of  note  throughout 
the  world,  in  upwards  of  200  pages, 

he  enters  on  the  important  doctrine 
of   arbitrations  of  exchanges,  and 

illustrates,  by  copious  and  well  se- 
lected examples,  the  mode  of  de- 
ducing a  proportionate  rate  of  ex- 
change between  two  places,    from 


classic  works  of  a  Knee,  UerhareU,  '  the  known  quotations  of  the  courses 
NeUkcnbrecher^  P<utct<w,I!ircard.  '  of  one  or  more  intermediate  cities  : 
Grrenudeaif,  and  others  on  the  same  and  in  the  next  chapter,  on  banking 
subject.  A  reproach  of  this  na-  ;  operations.  Mr.  I).  points  out  the 
rare    does    not  attach  to  Mr.  Du-  '|  rules  for  computing  the  profit  or  losti 


40 


T,  I  T  I.  !t  \  !l  V     INTELLIG1 


on  projected  ipeculations  in  mat- 
ters of  exchange  by  meani  of  arbi- 
trations. 
The  first  volume  concludes  w  ith  ;i 

>  icw  of  /.,/'.;,.  <  <  illation*, 
which  ;ir''  t  lassed  under  two  h 

u  1.  Operations  by  which  the 
posg  smi;>,  of  limited  capital  ai 
abled  to  undertake  and  sustain  con- 
cerns of  thr  greater  magnitude,  or 
by  \\  bich  a  compel,  acy  to  future  re- 
sponsibility is  made  subservienl  to 
immediate  or  ultimate  advantage. 

c<  8.  ( Operations  to  which  govern- 
ment and  publicestablishmentshave 

occasional  recourse,  either  to  fulfil 
subsidiary  treaties,  or  to  procure  the 
importation  of  bullion  and  specie. 
or  to  effect  a  rise  or  fall  in  ex- 
changes." 

As  an  instance  ol'a  speculation  of 
the  latter  kind,  Mr.  I),  gives  a  very 
interesting  account  of  an  operation 
by  which  Spain  was  enabled  to  dis- 
charge hei  subsidy  to  the  French 
government  in  the  year  180 J,  at  a 
time  when  the  resources  of  that  pe- 
ninsula had,  by  epidemical  disease, 
famine,  a  parabzed  commerce,  and 
tin-  non-arrival  of  the  expected  gal- 
leons from  America,  been  reduced 
to  the  lowest  ebb  of  insolvency,  and 
when  the  modern  Attila,  unmoved 
by  such  accumulated  distress,  stern- 
ly insisted  on  the  immediate?  pay- 
ment of  his  tribute.  En  this  dilem- 
ma French  ingenuity,  which  has 
perfected  the  art  of  rapine  and  plun- 
der into  a  system,  was  not  deficient 
in  expedients.  An  exchange  cir- 
dilation,  in  which  Loudon  itself! 
acted  a  prominent  part,  was  i'orth- 

with  set  on  toot  between  the  princi- 
pal  commercial  cities  in   Europe, 

w  ho-e  wealthy  merchants  supported 
the  operation  with  their  capital  and 

credit.     Bills  were  drawn  from  one 


place  on  a  second,  from  a  second  on 
;i  third,  and  so  on.  For  these  bills 
France  obtained  present  cash,  while 
the  period  consumed  by  their  circu- 
lation enabled  Spain  to  await  the 
arrival  of  bullion  from  her  colonies. 

and  thereby  to  appropriate  in  time 
sufficient  funds  for  the  discbarge  of 
the  debt  afloat  ;  an  object  which 
appears  to  have  been  attained  in  the 
end  with  even  considerable  advan- 
tage to  Spain. 

[n  the  second  volume  Mr.  I).  pro« 
reeds  to  the  operations  of  specie  and 
bullion.  The  examples  given  under 
this  head,  embracing  not  only  the 
principal  gold  and  silver  coins  of 
every  country,  but  also  the  mode  of 
estimating  those  metals  in  bars,  are 
copious  and  (dear.  His  definition 
and  illustration  ofParofExck4mgei 
an  expression  so  frequently  used  and 
so  little  understood  by  many  nun- 
chants  themselves,  are  at  once  no- 
vel, correct,  and  intelligible  to  any 
reader  of  common  sense.  A  sepa- 
rate chapter  on  practical  specula- 
tions in  merchandize  is  next  intro- 
duced, and  immediately  followed 
by  the  important  subject  of  monies, 
weights,  and  measures,  alphabeti- 
cally arranged  according  to  the 
names  of  the  countries  and  places 
which  have  any  pretensions  to  mer- 
cantile notice.  The  republican  in- 
novations in  the  monies,  coins, 
weights,  and  measures  of  France, 
are  here  fully  explained  under  their 
proper  heads  ;  anil  other  modern 
changes  relating  to  this  subject,  are 
duly  noticed  in  their  respective 
places.  Eleven  voluminous  tables 
are  added,  exhibiting  at  one  view 
the  coin  parativeproport  ions  between 
the  monies  of  exchange,  coins,  mea- 
sures, and  weights  of  foreign  coun- 
tries, and  those  of  England.     And 


MTERAK  Y    IN  I  I:  I   i 


41 


this  volume,  fin  ill;, ,  Concllldci  Willi 

.1  i.i  ief  expoi  ition  of  the  doctrine  ol 
logai  itbmti,ai  lain  ithmical 
especially  adapt*  .1  to  this  treatise. 
Sik  li  an  appendix  u u  necessary  i<> 
the  plan  of  the  author,  since,  wher- 
ry i-i  his  calculations  throughout  the 
work  could  be  abi idged  bj  the  um 
of  logai iiliii'.s,  he  has  availed  him* 
seli  of  their  assistance;  not,  how- 
ever, without  explaining  the  na- 
ture of  (heir  application  in  every 
i  i  fully  u  to  enable  the  student 
to  adopt  them  in  any  other  corre- 
sponding calculation. 

Su<  li  are  the  outlines  of  a  per* 
formance  which  reflects  the  highest 
degree  of  credit  on  its  author*  We 
feel  pleasure  in  taking  upon  our-  ! 
selves  the  responsibility  of  an  un- 
qualified recommendation,  and  sin- 
cerely hope  Mi.  Dubosl's  labours 
Will  be  rewarded  by  the  introduc- 
tion of  his  Elements  of  Commerce 
into  every  counting- house  of  respec- 
tability in  this  country. 


There  arc  but  few  of  the  musical 
productions  of  the  !  isl  year  that  can 
supportanypretensions  beyond  those 
of  humble  mediocrity*  That  the 
English  nation  can  be  pleased,  or 
even  amused,  \\  Ufa  the  wretched  ope* 
ratical  oli^s  which  have  been  pre* 
.'  1  during  this  pei  i< 
proof  (if  others  ft  ere  wanting),  that 
our  taste  for  music  is  on  the  decline. 
That  we  have  exchanged  melody 
for  counterpoint,  and  difficulties  of 
laboured  execution  for  substantial 
harmony^  has  long  been  observed 
and  regretted  ;  but  since  the  revi- 
val of  a  uste  for  music  in  this 
country,  we  have  seldom  had  the 
opportunity  of  noticing  composi- 
tions so  destitute  even  of  novelty. 
It  will  afford  us  much  higher  satis* 

No.  I.    Vol.  I- 


■    ommend  the  efFu 

Of  t  e  tC  arid  s(  i.n<  e.   I  li.iri  f.i  n 

go  the  di  udgi 

ductiom  i'\ olting  .   pi m<  i- 

p]  ■  1. 1  bothi     W  e  shall  onlj  d 

a   t-  w. 

The  music  ofth< 
bj  Braham  and  |{.  eve,  is  inferior  to 
their  former  productions.  The  only 
pieces  entitled  t<»  praise  are.  '•  - 

sad  is   my  heart,"    Mrah  uu\  ft 

i*  Slow  broke  the  morn,"  and  ■ 

this  cold  Unity  rock."  The  qu.tr- 
i.'ii  at  the  end  of  the  lirst  act  is  alio 
well  managed i 

The  Jew  of  Mogadore.     The 
music  of  this  opera  is  in  the  woi  t 
sty le  of compilation  by  Kelly.  With 
the  exception   of  Bfahara 
"  Relics  of  my  faithful  crew,"  . . 
is  nothing  worth  notii 

The  L.rilc.     Mr.  Matzinghi 
serves  considerable  praise   for  the 
Know  ledgeofinstrumentalcffect  that 
he  has  displayed   in    \\\c  overture 
to  this  melo-dramatic 
slow  movement  is  particularly  good. 
We   are    sorry    we   cannot    be 
equal  commendation  on  the  I 
part.      Tiie    two    Bongs   by    Mr-. 
Dickons  are  the  only  good  ones  in 
the  piece,  and  these  suffer  much  by 
the  affected  manner  in  wl 
sings    them.     Th 
would  produce  m< 
were  to  determine  not  to  suffer  her 
naturally  good  taste  to  be  viti 
by  the  present  mire  for  exutx 
Ornaments  and  un mean ingflourisbes* 
We   think  the  too 

J   instruments  in 
oe,  produces 
a  monotonous  - 

■don  are  not   at    all 
adapted  to  the  ofhispow     I 

to  advar.t  i 

Venoni.  Kc.  n  f 

G 


49 


L1TCUARV    INTELLI6EK<   E. 


line  opening  to  the  overture  of  this  I 
piece  :  the  transition  to  the  key  of 
D  flat  is  masterlj  .  and  prepares  the 
hearer  for  something  superior  to  the 
usual,  trifling,  contemptible  style  of 
modern  overtures;  but  it  ends  in 
disappointment,  as  the  allegro  move- 
ment i-  a  mere  collection  of  com- 
mon-place, vulgar  passages.  The 
alee  sung  by  Mr.  Smith,  Masters 
Durousset  and  Iluckel,  is  pretty, 
but  the  melody  too  closely  resem- 
bles the  air  of  "The  Beggar  Girl," 
and  some  part  of  "  All's  well." 
M  ster  Durousset  possesses  an  <'x- 
cellent  voice,  particularly  in  his 
lower  tones  ;  he  has  also  a  very  line 
shake  :  but  his  ear  appears  to  us 
very  defective,  as  he  is  sometimes 
nearly  half  a  note  too  sharp.  Mr. 
Smith  has  a  fine  voice,  but  his  style 
is  neither  chaste  or  polished. 


The  Rev.  Dr.  Vincent  is  prepar- 
ing to  publish  the  Greek  Text  of 
Arrian's  Indicaaod  the  Periplus  ; 

with    a  translation,   to  accompany 
omroents  on  those  works. 
The  Rev.  Dr.  Rees,  editor  of  the 
New  Cyclopedia,  has  in  the  press 

two  volumes  of  Sermons,  on  practi- 
cal and  interesting  subjects,  which 

■will  be  published  early  in  the  Spring. 

Mr.  C.  Sylvester,  of  Derby,  has 
in  the  press  an  Elementary  Treatise 
on  Chemistry,  the  plan  of  which  is 
said  to  be  in  many  respects  original. 

The  Rev.  John  Robinson,  oi 
Ravenstondale,  is  engaged  on  a  ili- 
blicul.  Tin  ologicalj  and  Ecclesiasti- 
cal Dictionary  ;  a  work  of  consider- 
able interest,  being  intended  to  com- 
prise whatever  is  known  concerning 
the  antiquities  of  the  Hebrews,  and 
\o  form  a  body  of  .scripture  history, 
geography,  chronology,  divinity, 
end  ecclesiastical  opinions. 


The  Rev.  W.  1-.  Howies  will 
shortly  publish  a  third  volume  of 
Poi  ms. 

Mr.  Francis  Lathora  is  engaged 

on    a  fiction,  entitled  th<     Romance 
of  the  //( brides. 

Mr.  Polwhele  is  employed  in  col- 
lecting the  correspondence  and  pa- 
pers of  his  late  friend  and  neigh- 
bour, Mr.  Whitaker,  with  a  view 
to  the  publication  of  his  Memoirs 
in  a  quarto  volume. 

Mr.  Bigland's  Fit  w  of  the  World' 
is  in  a  state  of  great  forwardness  at 
press,  and  Will  extend  to  five  octavo 
volumes. 

Mr.  Donovan  is  preparing  for 
publication  a  Continuation  of  his 
History  of  British  Birds. 

Mr.  Oulton  lias  in  the  press  a 
Collection  of  Poems,  chiefly  comic, 
containing  burlesque  translations  of 
Ovid  and  Horace,  dramatic  and 
miscellaneous  pieces. — Also,  Lit- 
ters from  a  Father  to  a  Daughter 
on  Female  Education,  with  appro- 
priate directions  for  instructing 
young  ladii  s. 

Mr.  Taunton,  surgeon  to  the  City 
and  I'insbury  Dispensaries,  will 
shortly  publish  a  small  work  on 
Pathology,  illustrated  by  engrav- 
ings. 

Mr.  Thomas  Green,  of  Liver- 
pool, a  youth  of  17,  has  in  the  press 
a  volume  of  Poems,  which  will  ap- 
pear early  in  tins  month. 

The  Musis'  Bozcer,  a  selection 
of  the  most  favourite  poetical  pieces, 
in  four  small  volumes,  is  on  the  eve 
of  publication. 

Mr.  Molineux,  of  Macclesfield, 
has  in  the  press,  in  post  quarto,  the 
Shorthand  Instructor,  or  Stenogra* 
phical  Copy-book ;  designed  as  a 
companion  to  his  Introduction  to 
Mr.  Uyrou's  Shorthand. 


l.t  mka  n  Y    INTELLIOI 


I 


A    new   edition,   very    much    im- 

provedandcorrected,ofLangborne's 
Plutarch^    by   the    Rev.    Francii 
Wrangbani,  will  appear  this  month. 
A  new  edition  of  Mr.  Thornton'a 
Present  State  of  Turkey,  with  very 
considerable  additions  and  altera- 
tions, including  a  map  of  the  Turk- 
ish empire  and  a  plan  of  Constanti- 
nople,   is   expected  to  appear   (hi* 
month. 

The  Rev.  J.  Gordon's  History  of 
Ireland  lias  been  translated  into 
French,  and  published  a(  Paris  in 
three  octavo  volumes. 

'/'//(•  History  of  Chili,  natural, 
civil,  and  political,  translated  from 
the  Italian  of  Abbe*  Molina,  u  ith 
notes  from  the  Spanish  and  In  nch 
versions,    is    in   the    press    ;;t    \ew- 

^  ork,  in  two  octavo  volumes.    This 
work  will  be  reprinted  in  London. 


The  second  pari  of  the  Philoso- 
phical Transact  ions  contains, 

xii.  Observations  of  a  comet, 
made  with  a  view  to  investigate  its 
magnitude    and    the    nature    of    its 


;m  i  e  from  theif  being  formed  in 
different  parts  of  the  urinary  | 

sages,    and    on    (he  e||.  ,  f^    f  i i  i f    ;,|.- 

produced  on  them  by  the  internal 
H  e  dI  solvent  medicines,  from  Mr. 
W  illiara  Brande  to  Edward  Home) 
Esq.  F.  U.S.... P.  923. 

\ \  i.  Some  observations  on 
Brande'a  paper  on  catcall,  by  Eve- 
rard  Home,  Esq.  c.  if.  s....p.  fA  j. 

\  \  n.  On  the  changes  predc     I 
in  atmospheric  air  and  o  is  by 

respiration,  by  William  All. ,..  | 
F.  R.S.  and  W.  If.  Pepys,  ] 
F.  U.S. ...p.  049. 

KVIII.   Description  of  an  appara- 
tus for  the  analysis  of  the  compound 
inflammable  gases  by  slow  combus- 
tion, with  experiments  on  the 
from  coal,  explaining  its  apj  I 
tion,    by    William    II    mry,    M .  I). 
vice-president  of  the  Lit.  and  Phil. 
Society,  and  physician  to  the  infirm- 
arv  at    Manchester,   communh 
by  Humphry    Davy,    V.  \. 
R.  S....p.282. 

xix.  An  account  of  some  pecu- 
liarities in  the  anatomical  structure 
of  the  womb,   with  observations  on 


illumination  :    to  which  is  added  an 

account  ofa  new  irregularity  lately     the  female  organs  of  generation,  by 

perceived  in  the  apparent  figure  of     Everard  Home,    Esq.  F.  \{.^ p. 

the  planet  Saturn,  by  William  Her-     JO-i. 

xx.   On  the  origin  and   office 
the  alburnum   of  trees,   in  a 
from  T.  A.  Knight,   Esq.  F.  R.  S. 

to  Sir   . Joseph    Banks,    Bait.  K.   1J. 

P.R.S....p.  SIS. 
xxi.    Eclipses  of  the  satellite  - 
xiv.   A  letter  on  the   alterations     Jupiter,  observed   by  John  Gol  '- 
that  have  taken  place  in  the  struc-    ingham,  Esq.   I".  R.S.  and  un     r 
ture  of  rocks  on  the  surface  of  the     his  superintendence  at   Hadra 
basaltic  country  in  the   counties  of 
Derry    and   Antrim,    addressed    to 
Humphry  Davy,  Esq.  Sec.  R.  S.  by     es    on    the   decomposition   of  t!i  * 
William  Richardson,  D.I).  p.  Ibl .  >  earths,  with  observations  on  the  me* 
xv.  A  letter  on  the   differences     tals    obtained    from    the    alkaline 
in  the  structure  o(  calculi,  which  '  earths,  and  on  the  amalgam  procur- 

G  2 


schel,  LL.  I).  F.R.S....p.  li.">. 

xm.     Hydraulic    investigations 

subservient  to  an  intended  Croonian 
Lecture  on  the  motion  of  the  blood, 
by  Thomas  Voung,  M.  I).  For.  Si  c. 
R.S. ...p.  164. 


the  Fast  Indies.... p.  . 

xxii.  Electro-chemical  research- 


M 


LITERARY    IVTELLIG EN'CE, 


eel    from   ammonia,   by  Humphry 
|  R.S.  M.B.I.A. 

.p. 


account  of  thelnnrer  and  lesser  spe- 
ciesof  horseshoe  bats,  proving  them 
lo  be  distinct,  together  with   n  de- 


Presents  received  by  the  Royal     script  ion  of  vespertilio  barbastellus^ 
Society   from   November  1807,  to    taken  in  the  south  of  Devonshire,  by 


Jui  .  ...p.  371. 

Index  —  p.  X 


The  ninth  volume  of  the  Transac 
tions  of  the  Linnean Society  is  pub- 
lished,  and   the   following  are  the 
contents: — 1.  The  genus  apion  of 
Herbst'a  Natursystem  considered, 
its  character  laid  down,  and  many  or 
the  species  described,   by  the  Rev. 
William  Kirby,  F.  L.  S.     2.  De- 
scription of  several  marine  animals 
found  on  the  south  coast  of  Devon- 
shire,  by  George   Montagu,  Esq. 
F.  L.  S. — 3.  An  account  of  the  In- 
dian badger,  the  ursus  Indicus  oi 
Shaw's    Zoology,   by  Lieut. -Colo- 
nel Thomas Hardwick,  F.L.S. — 4. 
A    botanical   sketch    of  the    genus 
eonchium9bj  James  Edward  Smith, 
M.  D.  F.  R.  S.  P.  L.  S ,—  .3,  An  in- 
quiry into  the  genus  of  the  tree  call- 
ed  by    Pona   Abiicea    cretica,    by 
James  Edward  Smith,  M.D.  F.R.S. 
P.  L.  S. — 6.    An  inquiry  into   tin- 
real  cfaucus  <:'■  n  of  Linnaeus, 
by  James    Edward   Smith,   M.D. 
F.  R.  S.   P.  L.  S.— 7.    Descriptions 
of  eight    new  British   lichens,   by 
Dawson  Turner,  Esq.  F.R.S.  A,  S. 
and  L.  S. — S.  An  illustration  of  the 
species  of  /j/cii/m,  which  grow  wild 
at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  by  Sir 
Charles  Peter  Thunberg,  Knight  of 
the  Order  of  VVasa,    professor  of 
botany  at   Qpsal,  F.  M.  L.S. — 9. 
Some  observations  on  an  insect  that 
destroys  the  wheat,  supposed  to  be 
the  wire-worm,   by  Thou. as    Wat- 
ford, Esq.F.  A.  S.  and  L.S.   with 
an  additional  note  by  Thomas  Mar- 
sham,   Esq.   Treas.   L.  S. — 10.  An 


George    Montagu,     Esq.    F.  R.  S. 
— 11.  Descriptions  of  two  new  spe- 
cies of  didelphis,  from  Van  Diemen's 
Land,  by  G.  P.  Harris,  Esq.  com- 
municated by  the   Right  ii<>r.  Sir 
Joseph    Banks,    Bart.   K.  B.   Pits. 
R.  S.    11.  M.  L.  S.— 12.   Descrip- 
tion of  a  species  of  dimorpha,  by 
Edward  Rudge,   Ksq.  F.  R.  S.  and 
L.  S. — 13.  Some  interest  inn  addi- 
tions to  the  natural  history  of  fh 
cyaneus&ndpygarguSfiagether  with 
remarks  on  some  other  British  birds, 
by  George  Montagu,  Esq.  I  .  R.  S. 
— 14.  An  account  of  some  n    i 
cies  of  piper,  with  a  few  cursory 
observations  on  the  genus,  by  Mr. 
.John  Vaughan Thompson,  commu- 
nicated by  the  Right    Hon.  Lord 
Sea  forth,   F.  R.  S.    and  L.  S. — 15, 
An    inquiry  into    the    structure   of 
seeds,  and  especially  into  the  true 
nature  of  that   part  called  by  (tart- 
ner  the  vitellus,   by  .Junes  Edward 
Smith,  M.D.  F.  R.S.  P.  L.S.— l(j. 
Observations   on    nauciea  garnbir. 
the  plant  producing  the  drug  called 
gutla  gambeer,  with  characters  of 
twoothcr  species,  by  William  Hun- 
ter,   Esq.   secretary  to  the   Asiatic 
Society,  communicated  by  the  presi- 
dent.— 17.  Observations  respecting 
m  \  eral  British  species  of  hit  i  actum, 
bv  James    Edward   Smith,    M.  D. 
F.  R.S.  P.  r,.S.— is.  Specified*, 
racters  of  the  decandrous  papilio- 
naceous plants  of  New  Holland,  by 
James  Edward  Smith,  M.D.  F.R.S. 
P.  L.S. — 19.  On  Hie  variegation  of 
plants,  in  a  letter  to  Richard  Antho- 
ny Salisbury,  Esq.  F.R.S.  and  L.S. 
by  Thomas  Andrew  Knight,  Esq. 


r.nr.n  mm-   i  s  tit  mc  i 


15 


F.  R.S.  and  L.  S. — iJ().  Characters  II  ation  of  the  author's  former  ] 


of  lloi)l.(  /'it,  a  new  genu  ill' mosses, 
with  descriptions  often  species,  by 
James  Edward  Smith,  M.D.  F.R.8. 
1*.  I  i.S. — l2l .  Descript  ionofwo/or/<  <i, 
;i  new  '•' •'  i  s  of  col<  opterous 
from  New  Holland,  by  Th 
Marsha  n,  Esq.  Tr.  L.S.— 22.8ome 
remarl  -  on  the  plants  now  referred 
I  •  p/rora,  with  characters  of  the 
genus  Edwardita,  by  ft.  A.  ' 
bury,  Esq.— 28.  Characters  of  pfa* 
tj/lobium,  bossicea,  and  of  a  nev 
nus  named  poireta,  l>\  James  Ed- 
ward Smith,  M.  I>.  F.  R.S.  P.L.S. 
— l2\.  Musci  nepali  nscs,  or  desci  ip- 
tions  of  several  new  mosses  from 
Nepal, bj  \V.  Jackson  Hooker,  Esq. 
F.  L.  S.—  2.").  Extracts  from  the 
minute-book  of  the  Linnean  Society 
of  London — catalogue  of  the  library 
of  the  Linnean  Society — list  of  do- 
nors to  the  library  of  I  lie  Limn  m 
Society. 


"ii  the  inn!  ion  of  lluids  in  . 

flexible  tubes.    Dr.  N  .  too 

;  of  (lie  nature  of  fev<:r,  and 

on   (In     blood.        Ilea! 

f mortification,  w hich  the Gfer- 
mans  call  a  "  cold  burning." 

A    pap  r  by  Mr.  Childers   was 
nad,  containing  some  observations 
ii  the  m. 
:  means  of  constructing  very 
powerful  galvanic  batteries. 


nOYAL  BOCIETV. 
This  society  assembled  after  the 
summer  vacation  on  Thursday,  Nov. 
10,1808,  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Joseph 
Banks,  president,  in  the  chair.  The 
secretary  read  a  summary  ofM.  de 
Luc's  paper  on  the  action  of  elec- 
tricity and  galvanism,  or  the  elec- 
troscopical  agency  of  electric  and 
galvanic  matter.  In  thispaper  M. 
de  Luc  proved,  that  the  galvanic 
and  electric  fluid  are  essentially  (he 
same:  he  also  stated,  thai  ii  passes 
through  bodies  without  producing 
any  chemical  changes,  unless  the 
bodies  were  previouslyprepared  and 
the  electricity  highly  concentrated. 
November  17 — 24.  The  Croon ian 
lecture  on  the  muscles  of  the  heart 
and  the  motion  of  the  blood,  by  Dr. 
Young  (Foreign  Sec.  R.  S.)  was 
read.     This  lecture  was  a  continu- 


WERNBaiAM      NATURAL     11 1^  Forty 
i    I  1 .  1  Y  . 

\'  the  me  ting  of  the  Wernerian 

\  ilural   History  Society,   1st  \\\>*. 
Dr.  .limes  Ogilby  of  Dublin, 
\  a  very  interesting  account   of  the 
mineralogy  of  East  Lothian,  which 
appeared   to  have  been  drawn  up 

from  a  series  of  <>!>  r\  ati 
with  great  skill,  and  was  illustrated 
bya  suite  of  350  specimens  laid  u  a 
the  table.  It  is  only  by  investiga- 
tions like  those  of  Dr.  Ogilby,  that 
we  obtain  any  certainty  respecting 
the  mineral  treasures  i  f  a  country  ; 
and  such  alone  can  afford  us  data 
for  a  legitimate  theory  of  the  forma- 
tion of  the  globe. 

At  the  same  meeting  a  communi- 
cation from  Colonel  Montagu  was 
read,  describing  a  new  species  of 
fasciola,  ofa  red  colour,  and  about 
an  inch  long,  which  sometimes 
lodges  in  the  trachea  of  chickens, 
and  which  the  colonel  found  to  be 
the  occasion  of  the  distemper  called 
the  gap\  .  so  fatal  to  these  useful 
tenants  of  the  poultry-yard.  The 
knowledge  of  the  true  cause  of  this 
malady  will,  it  is  hoped,  soon  be 
followed  by  the  discovery  i  fa  spe- 
cific cure  ;  in  the  mean  time,  a  v<  ry 
pic,  popular  remedy  is  employ- 
ivonshire:  the  meal  of  the 


46 


r.iTEn  vnv   intelligence. 


chicks  (barley  or  oatmeal)  is  mere  I  j 
mixed  up  w iili  urine,  in  place  of 
water  :  and  this  prescription  is  very 
generally  attended   with   the   best 
effects. 

Ai  the  meeting  of  this  society  on 
the  1-th  of  November,  the  Rev. 
Andrew  Jameson,  minister  of  St. 
Ifungo,  Dumfriesshire,  read  obser- 
vations on  meteorological  tables, 
with  a  description  of  a  new  ane- 
mometer. The  anemometer  which 
he  described,  Mill,  by  a  very  sim- 
ple and  ingenious  arrangement  of 
parts,  enable  the  most  common  ob- 
server to  ascertain  the  velocity  of 
the  wind  with   perfect  accuracy. 

At  the  Mine  meeting,  the   Rev. 
John  Fleming,  F.    R.  S.    Ed.   mi- 
nister    of  Bressay    in     Shetland, 
communicated  an    interesting    ac-  ! 
count  of  the  geoguosfic  relations  of  II 
the    rocks    in    the   islands    of  Inst 
and  Papa  Stour.     As   Mr.  Fleming 
announced    his  intention   of  again 
examining  the  whole  of  the   Shet- 
land   Islanls.  aad    of  constructing 
i  a  logical    maps  of    them,    in 
which    the   rocks     should    be    laid1 
down   according    to    their   relative 
antiquity    and   extent,    much    va-  | 
Inable    information    may    be    ex- 
pected. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  society  on 
the  19th  of  November,  Mr.  Mack- 
enzie, jun.  of  Applccross,  read  a 
short  account  of  the  coal-formation 
in  the  vicinity  of  Durham. 

At  the  same  meeting,  Dr.  Ogilby 
of  Dublin,  read  the  continuation  ol 
his  mineralogical  description  ofl 
i  f  Lothian,  describing  the  differ- 
ent veins  which  he  observed  in  that 
tract  of  country. 

At  this  meeting,  also,    Mr.    I\ 

V   ill  read  an  account  of  a  great  se;i 
. '.  lately  cast  ashore  in  Orkney. 


This  curious  animal  it  appears,  was 
stranded  in  Rothesholm  bay,  in  the 
island  of  Stronsa  :  the  body  was  un- 
luckily   knocked    to    pieces    by     a 

tempest,  but  the  fragments  have 
been  collected   by  Mr.   Laing,  and 

are  to  be  transmitted  to  the  museum 
at  Edinburgh.  Mr.  Neill  conclud- 
ed with  remarking,  (hat  no  doubt, 
could  be  entertained,  that  this  was 
the  kind  ofanimal  described  by  Ra« 

inns,  Egede,  and  Pontoppidan,  but 

which  scientific  and  systematic  na- 
turalists have  hitherto  rejected  a* 
spurious  ami  ideal. 


DUBLIN    SOCIETY. 

A  letter,  dated  Manchester,  and 
signed  John  Bradbury,  was  laid 
before  the  society  at  their  late  meet- 
ing, stating,  that  the  proprietors  of 
the  Liverpool  botanic  garden  had 
resolved  on  forming  an  establish- 
ment at  .New  Orleans,  America, 
with  a  view  to  collect  the  plants  of 
Kentucky  and  Louisiana,  and  to 
transmit  to  England  living  dupli- 
cates of  the  plants  which  should  lie 
so  collected  and  multiplied  on  such 
establishment  :  and  desiring  to  be 
informed  if  the  Dublin  Society 
would,  in  consideration  of  green 
specimens  of  the  same,  contribute 
to  the  expence,  their  quota  not  to 
exceed  lot)/,  per  annum. 

The  secretary  laid  before  the  so- 
ciety a  list  of  several  valuable 
West  Indian  plants,  presented  to 
the  society  by  Captain  Burgh. 


LECTUB  BS. 

Royal  Institution. — The  follow- 
in"-  arrangement  is  made  for  t  he  lee- 
lure;,  of  the  ensuing  season;  they 
commenced  on  Saturday  the  liili 
of  December,  with  an  introductory 
lecture  by  Mr.  Davy. 


i.n  i.it  \  it  v    i  ■,  i  i  r .i.ic  ;  ••(  i  . 


47 


Experimental  chemistry  andelec- 
tro-cbemical  science,  by  Humphry 
Davy,  Esq.  Bee.  R.  8. 

Botany,  by  James  Eld  ward  Smith, 
M.I).  F.R.8.  P.L.8. 

Astronomy ,  l>\  John  Pond,  I.  '). 
F.R.S. 

Grecian  history  and  historians, 
by  the  Rev.  W illiam  <  'rowe,  pub- 
lic orator  at  the  university  of  Ox- 
ford. 

Perspective,  l>\  Mr.  John  Geo. 
Wood. 

Music,  by  Mr.  Samuel  Wesley. 


We  cannot  close  this  article  of 
Literary  Intelligence,  without  giv- 
ing a  brief  retrospect  of  the  perio* 
d'uul  publications  which  relate  lo 
natural  history  that  have  lately  ap- 


ing :  not  to  mention  the  nod  of 
cotemporary  minor  pablicatioi  i 
this  departmenf  of  tciem  <•,  w  bu  h 
are  unworthy  of  support,  hi  / 
lai  I,  the  promote!  •  of  natural  bis* 
tory  a]  j)  ar  lo  ifdcut  01  leu 

numerous,  if  we  ma}  judge  from  the 
number  of  publications  thataredarly 
commenced,  and,  after  linger  in 
a  short  time,  discontinued  for  want 
of  encouragement  \  witness  Bawer*i 
incomparable    work,    the    "   /.  • 
Plants"    in  the    three   publi 
numbers  of  which  the  most  remark* 
able  heaths  are  depicted  in  s 
of  i  ccellence  eclip  ing  all  stmil  tr 
works  that  have  preceded  in  thii 
or  in  any  other  country.      Pel ' 
the  price  of  this  work  was  deemed 
too  high  ;  and  indeed  half-a-goiaea 
a  plate  may  be  a  consideration  la 


peared  in  this  country.  .Natural 
history  is  a  plant,  which,  even  in  a  many.  But  Roxburgh's  u  Plants 
soil  the  most  congenial  to  its  growth,  oft  oromandel,"  a  work  than  w  hick 
refuses  to  thrive,  if  unassisted  by  (atleastas  totheuncoiouredco] 
the  fostering  hand  of  power  and  nothing  has  ever  been  sold  at  a 
wealth:  there  is  no  country  more  cheaper  rate,  is  likewise  discontinue 
favourably  situated  tor  its  cultiva- 
tion than  ours  ;  none  that  can  boast 
of  greater  resources,  and  of  men 
better  qualified  for  promoting  it — 
but  still  England  doe-  not  appear  to 
be  the  soil  in  which  it  exhibits  its 
most  luxuriant  growth. 

On  taking  a  view  of  the  nume- 
rous, splendid,  and  costly  periodical 

publications   in   this    science,   with 


cd.  Dr.  Smith's  "  Exotic  Botany'* 

jj'.it   to  give  a  list  of  all  the 

monthly  and  other  periodical  publi* 
cations  on  natural  history  that  have 
met   with   an   untimely   fate  within 
the  last   ten   year>.  would   o< 
more  space  than  we  are  willii 
devote  to  such  a  melancholy 
ject  :    suffice   it  there:  -  iy   a 


word  or  two  of  the  li 
which  the  presses  of  a  neighbouring  II      Dr.  Shaw  continues  to  make  in 
nation  (our  rivals  both  in  arms  and     acquainted   with    many  int 


science)  are  incessantly  teeming —  , 
Vaillant'sOift  auxdCAfrique^h  ude- 
bert's  Singes,  Oiseaux  Dorej,Ven- 
tenat's  Jardin  de  Malmaison,  Jar- 
din  (lc  (  els,  Redoi te's  Liliat  \ .  &  c. 
Ave-  cannot  conceal  our  astonish- 
ment at  seeing  soch  a  multiplicity  of 
the    most  sumptuous   works  go  on 


subjects  of  natural  history  in  ins 
"•  Naturalist's  Miscellany,"  a  work 
particularly  interesting,  on  account 
of  the  great  variety  of  objects  it 
comprehends,  the  materials  of  n  hicli 
are  partly  original  and  partly  taken 
from  works  not  accessible  u>  the 
I  generalitv  ^i  the  students  in 


at  the  same  time  without  inter fer- 1  logy.    The  figures  are  by  the  able 


48 


R  \  il  V     I.N  ill  LIG1 


hand  of   Mr.  Nodder.      I'he   text  i  nous  botany    appears  io  possess  n 

greater  numb  r  of  votaries  in  this 


npanying  Ihem,  i(  must  be  oc- 
knowledged,  Lsmuchtothepurj 
but  the  author  appears  at  present  to 
be  more  brief  and  laconic   inhisdc* 
script  ions  than  he  originally  propos* 
ed.     Both  Mr.  Sowcrby  and   Mr. 
Donovan   continue    their   laudable 
ex<  rtions  to  render  tin  ir 
men  familiar  with  indigenous  natu- 
ral productions  ;  the  former  in  his 
"  British  Miscellany  t"  the  latter  in 
his  "  Birds  and  Insects  of  Great 
Britain"     The  figures  they 
are  of  various  and  unequal  merit. 

Botany  has  of  late  offered  a  ri<  her 
harvest  than  the  other  branches  of 
natural  science.  Not  half  a  cen- 
tury ago,  when  the  knowledge  of  ofthis  kind  we  possess  2  the  figures, 
the  vegetable  world  was  thought  to  ,  by  Mr.  Edwards,  though  small,  arc 
possess  no  charms  beyond  those  dc-  I  uncommonly  characteristic  ;  and  Dr. 


than  in  an\  other  country,  and  pub' 
lications  relating  to  it  are  for  the 
most  part  favourably  received.  Hut 
none,  we  suppo  e,  n  er  met  \\  ith 
greater  success  than  '*  /.  'ish  Jlo- 
ta»y,"  the  result  of  the  joint  labours 
of  Dr.  Smith  and  Dr.  Sowerbv  :  and 
deservedly  too,  for  we  know  of  no 
work  on  the  Continent  that  can  be 
compared  with  it:  when  completed, 
this  work  will  be  indispensable  to 
the  student  of  indigenous  botany. 
Curtis's  li  Botanical  Magazine,'* 
continued,  ever  since  the  death  of 
the  original  author,  by  Dr.  Johrt 
Sims,    is  the  best  conducted  work 


rived  from  converting  herbs  into 
nauseous  medicines,  this  lovely  sci- 
ence was  almost  exclusively  culti- 
vated by  the  physician  and  druggist ; 
ami  "what  is  it  good  for?"  was  the 
first  question  suggested  by  the  sight 


Sims's  text,  though  often  very  con- 
cise, is  amusing  and  instructive. 
Mr.  Gawler,  a  gentleman  who  has 

1  made  the  liliaceous  plants  his  par- 
ticular study, likew  rse furnishes  ma- 
terials for  this  work,  which  appears 


of  a  new  or   unknown    plant.      But     to  have  a  greater  sale  than  any  other 


when  a  less  selfish  philosophy  taught 

us  that  vegetables,  as  well  as  other 
objects,  are  capable  of  creating  in- 
terest, and  of  affording  rational  plea- 
sure, by  the  beauty  of  their  form 
alone,  and  by  the  various  relations 
in  which   we  see  them  ;   and  when 


publication  of  this  kind,  either  in 
this  country  or  abroad.  A  compa- 
ratively new  periodical  work  is  Mr. 
Hooker's  "  Paradisus  tjondinen* 
sis,"  written  by  .Mr.  Salisbui  .  I 
profound  botanist,  though  too  much 
addicted  to  paradoxes.    Mr.  Hook* 


thus  the  idea  of  physic  merged  in  er's  figures  are  elegant,  and  upon 
one  far  more  pleasing,  botany  gra-  I  the  whole,  botanical!;,  correct.  \\  e 
dually  became  the  general  and  fa-  [wish  this  publication  may  not  be 
vourite  pursuit  of  the  cultivated  part  discontinued.  Mr.  Andrews's"  Ho* 
of    society,    and    proved    a  ^\m\\  ''  tanist  Repository"  is  taken  upagaiu, 


equally  well  adapted  io  the  turn  of 
mind  of  the  gra  v<  -t  philosopher,  and 
to  the  task  of  the  gayest  among  the 
fair,  provided  her  heart  be  still  open 
to  those  softer  emotions  which  the 


and  continues  to  make  the  lovi 
exotic  botany  acquainted  with  many 
curious    productions    of    our    hot- 
houses and  gardens.    Mr.  Andrews's 
sty  le  of  painting  is  peculiar  to  him- 


contemplation  of  blooming  nature:  self:  the  "  Heaths11  and  "  Roses 
seldom  fails  to  produce.     Indige* '  of  this  artist  are  well  known  to  ama« 


. 


tears.  We  must  not  forg  ■(  a 
work  relating  («>  indigenoui  bol  mj  , 
Mr.  Dawson  Turner*!  elaborate  and 
elegant  publication,  "  The  Briti  h 
Fiici,'*  Whoever  is  acquainted  with 
the  difficulties  attending  the  exami- 
nation and  slml y  of  the  <  i  J  |  ' 
mouf  marine  plants,  the  most  intri- 
cate of  all  the  vegetable  tribes,  will 
readily  join  us  in  our  wishes,  that 
such  a  meritorious  undertaking  may 
be  crowned  w iili  all  the  succet i  it 
deserves.     Mr.  Dilwyr's  *4  British 


- 

lined. 

In  iiii.-i' rs  e  have  to  n  i 

a  pei  iodical  publii  at  ion  <>t  th< 
defatigable   Mr.  Soweity  .    entitli  d 

••  British    1/  /,"  in  w  I 

,  (!<  ;i\ui!i       '  ill     their 

n.it iii  ii  colours,  the  i  si  ioui  m 

rals     willi     which     llns     island    a- 

bounds.    The  idea  is  nen . 

in  this  country,  and  exe<  nted  w Ufa 

;is  much  iu<  1 1  -  as  can  be 

ably  expected  from  so  difficult 

undertaking. 


MEDICAL 

FoR  the  hist  twelve  month-,  Lon- 
don has  no!  been  visited  by  any  epi- 
demic disease,  or  universally  pre- 
vailing complaint.  Typhus  fever, 
at  one  time  so  much  and  BO  justly 
dreaded,  is  now  scarcely  known  ; 
nol  because  a  fever-house  has  been 
established  to  receive  cases  of  this 

nature,   ami    thus   secure    ihe   poor 

from  exposure  to  the   contagion  : 

however  laudable  and  excellent  (his 
institution  may  be,  we  know  that 
very  few  patients  are  admitted  with- 
in its  walls,  because  there  are  very 
few  affected  with  the  complaint. 
Wc  must  rather  attribute  the 
came  of  this  happy  truce  from  the  | 
attack  of  contagious  fever,  to  the 
plentiful  and  comparatively  cheap 
supply  of  food  :  whilst  the  wages  of 
labour  are  high,  the  industrious  poor 
are  able  to  obtain  every  net 
ry,  and  many  of  the  comforts  <^t  the 
allluent.  This  induces  a  desire  to 
improve  their  condition,  they  have 
a  greater  respect  for  thema 
they  take  more  pains  to  keep  their 
habitations  clean  ;  and  where  tem- 
perance, cleanliness,  and  plenty  are 
combined.  Ave  need  not  fear  the  pre- 
\  ••  7.  Vol.  I. 


REPORT. 

valence  ofcontagion.    Itwonldnot 

be  difficult  to  lay  down  certain  rules 
by   which    typhus    fevers  might   I  E 

engendered.  In  corroboration  of  the 
opinion  that  scarcity essenti  illj  | 
motes  fevers  of  this  description, 

may  remark,   (hat    some  years 
when  pro  and   particularly 

bread,    were  extremely   scarce    and 
dear  in    London,    and  (he  pnblic 
mind  was  desponding,  tj  ; 
were  both  frequent  and  fatal. 

Scarlet  fev<  i  les(  former- 

ly we  might  have  added,    and    the 
small-pox,)  are  seldom  al  sent.     In 
the  spring  of   last   year,    mi 
spread  throughout  the   metropolis 
and  its  environs  ;   i"ir.  though  it  ne- 
ver occur  ime  indi- 
vidual,   yet     (  children    constantly 
coming  into  the  world)  the  in 
tion   is  readily  continued,  ami  pro- 
bably there  is  also  a  cert;.! 
atmosphere  conducive  to  its  pi 
Ration.     In  this  climate,  when 
disposition  to   pull  :inns 
is  strong,  the  accession  «  i 
must   always   be   i 
eye   of  jealousy,  and   it ^  progress 
watched  with  unremitt. 
H 


mi. oic  \r.  report. 


Tho  child r  »n  go  through 

the  complaint  \\\\l\  safety,  and 
scarcely  art-  subject  to  one  unplea- 
sant r  .it  not  unfrequently 
happens,  that  from  some  peculiari- 
ty of  constitution,  want  of  care  and 
proper  management,  they  are  lost, 
or  become  the  victims  of  a  lingering 
complaint,  from  which  they  nevei 
perfectly  recover.  It  is  not  too 
much  ti>  say,  that  three  fourths  of 
those  who  die  in  measles  might  be 
saved  by  proper  treatment  in  the 
fust  instance;  and  where  this  is  not 
(  mployed  sufficiently  early,  some 
of  the  worst  consequences  may  still 
be  prevented.  If  this  complaint 
sometimes  baffles  the  skill  and 
judgment  of  the  most  practised  and 
experienced  physicians,  what  must 
be  the  result  of  feeble,  inert  prac- 
tice, or  mistaken  opinion  ? 

From  the  beginning  of  the  year 
till  late  in  the  spring,  the  wind  blew 
almost  constantly  from  E.  &  N.E. : 
We  have  uniformly  observed,  that 
■when  the  easterly  winds  have  pre- 
vailed for  a  length  of  time  with  lit- 
tle variation,  nervous  people  and 
those  subject  to  lowness  of  spirits 
;irr  considerably  affected;  and  about 
this  time  many  such  deplorable  cases 
claimed  our  attention.  The  long 
continuance  of  cold  is  in  itself  de- 
pressing, and  when  combined  with 
a  cloudy  foggy  atmosphere,  materi- 
ally assists  any  moral  cause  in  pro- 
ducing li[  3  ochondriasis  and  melan- 
choly. These  again  are  often  dis- 
persed by  the  cheering  influence  of 
i  fine  spring  day,  or  the  grateful 
warmth  ofa  summer's  gun.  The  state 
of  the  weather  not  (infrequently  ar- 

-  the  arm  ofthe  intended  stiieide, 

or  impels  the  fatal  stroke:  hopeless 

indeed     is     that   stale   which   r<  sisls 

e  the  consolation  of  friendship, 


the  balm  o(  the  physician, and  the 
joys  of  Ihi   opt  Iling  summer. 

Catarrh,  or  what  is  vulgarly  term- 
ed a  cold  in  the  head,  was  also  fre- 

qut  nt  in  the  beginning  ofthe  year, 
•  he  summer  and  autumn  pro- 
ceeded, gavt  w  13  tosynochus,  bili- 
ous and  bowel  complaints:  none  of 
,  however,  presented  any  un- 
usual appearances. 

The  following  is  an  enumeration 
of  the  diseases  which  the  writer  of 
this  article  has  attended  from  the 
20th  of  November  to  the  20th  of 
December,  1808: 

Acute  diseases. — Scarlet  fever,  6. 

Scarlet  fever  and  sore-throat,  8. 

..j. Inflammatory  sore-throat,  3 

Intermittent  fever,  2.... Typhus  fe- 
ver, 1.... Catarrhal  fever,  10.... Pu- 
erperal fever,  2 — Acute  rheuma- 
tism,   6 Pleurisy,   1 ...  IVripncu- 

mony,  3.... Measles,  4....IIoo])in«-- 
COUgh,  5 Small-pox,  3 — Peri- 
toneal inflammation,  2 — (.'out,  2... 
Acute  diseases  of  infants,  6. 

Chronic  diseases.  —  Pulmonary 
consumption,  3.. .Cough  and  dys- 
pnoea,   IS.... Marasmus,  2....Pleu- 

rodyne,  I Lumbagoand  sciatica, 

3 Chronic  rheumatism,   S — As- 

'  ih'.ii::.  (>....  Palsy,  2....  Dolor  fa(  iei, 
3....  Cephalalgia,  4....  Gastrodynk^ 

7 Enterodynia,    3 —  Dyspepsia. 

3 Diarrhoea,  5.. ..Bilious  vomit- 

;....I>\n<  ntery,  4.. ..Dropsy, 
.*)....  I  i  oemorrboids,  2. ...  I !  ccmate- 
i  ..  2 Epilepsy,  1  —  Cutane- 
ous diseases,  5... Menorrhagia,  3... 
Amenorrhosa,  4....Leucorrhosa,  2. 

Of  the  acute  diseases  it  appears, 
from  the  above  list,  that  scarlet  fe- 
ver and  sore-throat  were  the  most 
\  prominent  ;  they  were  the  most  frc- 
I  quent  in  November,  and  arc  now 
on  the  decline,  no  new  case  having 
occurred  within  the  last  week.     la 


A<;  K  n  i  i.  i  i   HAL    id  ['mi  I  . 


M 


inn  or  three  instance*  the  throat  was 
ulcerated)  and  the  fever  assu 
malignant  form:  they  all,  however, 
recovered)  though  some  of  (hem 
were  in  (lie  moat  unfavourable  cir- 
cumstances. Fifty  \  eai  ago  Ihia 
disease  wai  much  more  fetal  than  if 

has  been  of  late  limes  :  so  mild  in- 
deed is  iis  present  type,  that  some 
practitioners  recover  their  patients 
without  using  bail,  or  wine,  adopt* 


ing  the  evacuating   antiphlogistic 
plan)  w liieh  formei l\  rial. 

I    idess  in  r;ises  of  immiiH  rit 

all  extremes  are  to 

••  medio  tutittitnut  ibis:1' in  thei 

case,    one    Mian     would    pi 

bottle  of    wine  and    other  stimuli 
d  uU  :   w  hilst   an 

awa\  a  pound  oi  blood,  and  admi- 
nister drastic  pui 
i'  '.'( al tool  .     ,.i  it. 


AtiliH  I  LTURAL  REPORT. 


A.v  agricultural  report  at  this 
season,  can  neither  embrace  a  great 
variety  of  objei  ts,  or  those  of  much 

interest  ;   and   we    are    not  di   posed 

to  supply  the  appetite  of  our  read- 
ers with  novelty  at  the  expence  of 
accuracy.      The    information    we 

ha\  e  collected  from  our  correspond- 
ents, enables   us  to  state,   that  the 

wheat  crop  does  not    rise  to  the  6  til 

so  well  as  it  generally  does ;  but 
although  it  is  not  so  defective  in 
produce  as  was  at  first  suppo  d. 
the  price  of  that  article  has  increas- 
ed about  six  shillings  per  quarter, 
during  the  month  of  December. 
Oats  have  continued  much  the  same, 
but  the  ten  samples  are  light. 
There  lias  been  little  variation  in 
the  price  of  barley.  Beans  and 
peas  have  been  a  defective  crop. 
and  will  probably  bring  still  greater 
pro  es  when  the  demand  for  seed 
begins.  The  young  wheats 
very  promising,  and  the  ground  is 
Well  covered;  a  considerable  breadth 
has  been  sown  this  year,  and  the 
season  has  been  generally  so  favour- 
able, that  little  laud  has  been  left 
lor  spring  wheat  :  upon  early  dry 
soils  this  plant  is  too  luxuriant. 
Rye,  cabbages,  cole,  ami  winter 
green   crops  in  general,   are  very 


good,  e>  cept  turnips,  whu  h  ai 
i  I,  from  different  qu  n 

ru  rallj  Ji      lent,  and  likelj  to 
disappoint   those  «  bo  depend  i 
this  article  for  the  spring  ;  in 
should    the    an  inter    pi 
sheep  food  will  ci  rtainly  b<  scarce. 
The  operations   usually  carried  on 
at  this  season  of  th  re  repre- 

sented asprocec  ding  n  ith  g 
notwithstanding    the  high    price    of 
agricultural     !  the 

present  rent  of  land,  as  well  as  the 
price  of  its  produce,  conti  ibul 
urge  the  farmer  to  the  best  • 
tion  of  his  knowledge  and  abili 
Whatever  is  worth  doing  ;:'  :■ ! 
worth  doing  well,  and  the  app 
ance  of  a  form  will  very 

cover  whether  the  work  is  done  slo- 
venly or  effectually.  .\t  the  Late 
fairs,  cows  and  calves  ene- 

rally  sold  well  :    for    lean  «.  alt  b 

store  sheepthe  sales  have  been  dull  ; 
fresh   horses  sell  well.     There 
great  disproportion  in  the 
small  pork  and  bacon  hogs;         lat- 
ter   must    necessarily   continue 
fetch  great  prices,  it  the  farmer  is 
to   be  reimbursed  the  expence  of 
feeding  them  at  the  present  prices 
ofgrain.   It  must  likewise  be  rem 
bered,  that  a  want  of  the  usual  gi 
11  2 


r.vMiioNs  ron  LADin  and  gentlemen, 


supplies  at  this  Beas  >n  of  the  year 
and  the  spring,  from  the  distilleries, 
will  sensibly  am  cl  the  market  fortius 
article,  and  may  probably  encou- 
i         the   farmer  to    consume    li  is 

ted  barley  at  home.  Pol 
although  a  deficient  crop,  prove 
\civ  ■;;  d  :  butthedemand  lor  this 
as  well  as  other  articles  of  grain  and 
provision  for  the  supply  of  our  own 
tro  >p>   and    those   of  our  allies    in 


Spain,  will  probably  exhaust  our 
markets  at  an  early  season;  and  it  is 
verv  probable  tliis  country  alone 
can  be  depended  upon  for  that  pur- 
pose, a  supply  from  the  Mediter- 
ranean being  uncertain,  the  ports 

of  the  Baltic  shut  against  us,  and 
the  prospect  of  a  removal  of  the 
American  embargo  distant  and 
problematical. 


FASHIONS  FOB  LADIES  AND  GENTLEMAN. 


PLATE    1.  —  WALKING    I)IM~>. 
A  Polish   bonnet,  and   mantle  of 
gold-coloured  velvet,   with  an  invi- 
sible   hood    trimmed    with    ermine: 

an  antique  collar  fastened   with   a 

goW  ornament  in  front,  in  form  of 
a  shell.  Morning  dress,  white 
muslin  Brussels  spot,  with  a  worked 
stomacher,  and  trimmed  down  the 
front  and  at  the  bottom;  worked  long 
hanging  sleeves,  twisted  and  fasten- 
ed at  the  wristband  with  a  small 
I  ornament,  of  the  same  form  as 
(hat  which  fastens  the  mantle  and 
cincture  of  the  dress;  sandals  ofgold- 
COloured  cloth,  laced  with  brown 
cords  and  tassels ;   York  tan  gloves. 

EVENING  I  l  I.I-  DBE  3 
A  white  satin  Spanish  hat,  with  a 
diamond  loop  and  Spanish  plume  ; 
diamond  ear-rings  and  necklace:  the 
hair  full,  in  ringlets;  a  white  satin 
dress, fuil-trimmed  with  blue  vel\  <  t, 
with  a  lace  medic  is  round  the  back 
and  shoulders;  an  antique  stomacher 
ornamented  with  diamonds  mounted 
in  gold;  white  satin  shoes  with 
gold  bows  ;   white  gloves  and  fan. 

•  \  i;it.\  I,   OBIE  i:\  ATIONS. 

Nacaratt  royal  purple  and  gold 
are  the  most  prevailing  colours  for 
pelisses  and  mantles, which  are  made 

various  material-,  cloth,  velvet, 


brocade,  sarsenet,  and  satin,  accord- 
ing to  the  fancy  of  the  wearer. 
Head  ornaments — Spanish  hats,  and 

caps  decorated  with  feathers,  flow- 
ers, pearls,  or  diamonds,  according 
as  I  he  occasion  requires.  Morning 
dress,  cloth,  sarsenet,  Brussels  spot- 
ted muslin, trimmed  with  embroide- 
ry .  Evening  dress,  satin,  velvet,  bro- 
cade, sarsenet,  with  gold  or  silver 
ornaments,  and  trimmings. 

It  is  almost  unnecessary  to  add, 
that  the  design  and  description  of 
the  ladies'  fashions  in  this  month, 
are  under  the  direction  of  Madame 
Lanchester,  whose  taste  in  the  de- 
partment of  ladies' dress  and  female 
ornaments,  is  so  well  known  as  to 
render  any  eulogium  unnecessary. 

FASHIONS    FOB    GENTLEMEN. 

The  prevailing  colours  are  dark 
brown  and  bottle  green.  The  eoat 
for  evening  dress  is  cut  rather  long 
in  the  waist,  and  short  in  the  skirts, 
double  breasted,  with  pointed  lap- 
pels,  corresponding  in  length  to  the 
hip  button  ;  (he  lappels  are  padded 
to  fall  back  with  the  collar,  which 
is  made  pretty  high  and  stitched 
narrow,  the  collar  to  fall  back  about 
an  inch  and  half:  deep  pockets  un- 
der the  cross  flaps  ;  the  cutis  round. 


Ju 


*•»,.»»' 


"     i 


REPOSITORY    OP    A  II T*. 


Thetnorningdre  i  is  made  in  near- 
ly the  same  manner,  only  the  pock- 
ets  are    iii    lli<'   plaitl  of  the   skirl, 

and  the  cuffs  arc  either  round  «>r 
with  a  Rap  and  three  butt( 

The  buttons  are  either  gill  basket] 
or  moulds  covered  w  ith  cloth. 

\\  aistcoatsare  made  single  breast- 
ed, frith  a  small   flap  about    t\\<> 


inches  Iowa  than  the  coal  lappet. 
Breeches  are  not   made   m  Ii igh  by 

two  or  three  inches   as    they    were, 

and  the  knee-band  extendi  almott 
in  (he  calf  of  the  leg,  withfoui  but- 
tons ai  the  knee  j  they  .'in-  made 
\  1 1  \  tight  :  and  pantaloon 
pretty  generally  ornamented  nptbe 
sides  w iid  brade. 


Plati  2.— REPOSITORY  OF  ART8. 


Tins  plate  is  a  representation  of 
Mr.  Aru  br  m  \  \  n's  Shop,  No.  101 . 
Strand,  and  is  (lie  commencement  of 
a  scries  of  plates  intended  to  exhibit 
the  principal  shops  of  this  great  me- 
tropolis, in  (lie  same  manner  as  the 

Microcosm    of    LiOfldon    represents 

the  interior  of  the  public  buildings. 
Ii  will  afford  the  opportunity  of  en- 
tering into  a  partial  detail  of  the 
different  manufactures  that  are  ex- 
posed in  them  lor  sale;  and  we  (hit- 
ter ourselves  will  form  an  useful,  as 
well  as  interesting,  part  of  our  work. 
This  shop  stands  upon  part  of  the 
court-yard  in  front  of  which  was 
Beaufort-House,  formerly  a  town 
residence  of  (he  noble  family  w  ' 
name  it  bore,  and  was  one  of  the 
great  number  of  mansions  which,  at 
no  very  distant  period,  lined  the  ! 
bank  of  the  Thames  from  Temple- 
bar  to  the  city  of  Westminster. 
The  noble  and  lofty  apartments  of 
the  bouse,  which  commences  at  the 
back  put  of  the  shop,  and  a  line 
oak  stairease  of  considerable  dimen- 
sions, hear  a  testimony  of  its  former 
magnificence.  After  it  had  ceased 
to  he  the  residence  of  the  Beaufort 
family,  it  was  converted  into  the 
Fountain  Tavern,  a  bouse  of  great 
celebrity  in  former  days,  and  was 
remarkable  from  the  circumstance 
of  Lord  Lovat  stopping  there  to 


lake  n  iVeshmi ni   (,n   his    way  from 
Westminster-Hall  to  ilicTower,and 

Writing  with  his  diamond    ririir  the 

following  couplet  upon  a  pane  of 

jdass  in  (he  great  loom  ■ 

oli '  tkreoghwbmtwtoi  -  -<  •  act  of  Iii *»o  un, 
\i.  u  ieked  tobc'greai,anil  being  jieat  un<!o  >> •' 
SlMOfl    I'mm. 

This  room,  which  is  63  feet  in 
length,  .'JO  in  width,  and  t!l  in 
height,  was  formerly  occupied  by 
Mr.  Shipley,  brother  to  the  bishop 
of  that  name;  he  kept  a  moM  n- 
spectable  drawing  academy  here.- 
among  his  pupils  were,  Mr.  W« 
Parr,  who  died  at  Rome,  C. 
i,  Esq.  and  the  celebrated  EL 
Cosway,  Esq.  R.A.:  the  latter  had  in 
bis  possession  the  pane  of  _ 
fore- mentioned.  A  curious,  hut 
well-authenticated  anecdote  i- 1 
ted  of  Henry  Parr's  wile  (II.  Pan 
succeeded  Shipley  in  this  acade- 
.  \.)  who  had  been  confined  to  the 
bouse  upwards  of  nine  years  bj  ■ 
paralytic  affection,  which  daring 
that  period  entirely  deprived  her  of 
speech.  One  day,  in  the  absence  of 
her  husband,  the  servant-maid  ab- 
ruptly entering  her  apartment,  told 
her  that  the  adjoining  house 
on  lire,  which  had  such  an  effect 
upon  her  system,  that  her  powers  of 
Mice  returned  instantaneously, 
and  she  continued  to  enjoy  them 


[0NABL1      i  '     :      I 


i  <o  the  day  of  her  death, which 
diil  not  happen  foi  soma  yean  after- 
wards. 
This  room  is  famous  on  another 
mi,  ha\  ing  been  the  icene  of 
Mr.  Thelwall's  early  political  lec- 
Inre8.  When  the  interposition  of 
government  put  a  slop  to  this  ex- 
hibition,  Mr.  A.  purchased  the 
Keasej  and  it  became  once  more 
the  peaceful  academy  of  drawing, 
upon  a  very  extended  Bcale,  em- 
ploying three  masters  in  the  sepa- 
rate branches  of  (his  art,  our  for 
figures,  a  second  for  landscape,  and 
a  third  tor  architecture.  Hut  the 
increase  of  Mr.  Ackermann's  busi- 
ness as  a  publisher,  printseller,  and 
manufacturer  of  fancy  articles,  ren- 
dered the  convenience  of  this  room 
a>  a  warehouse  a  more  desirable  ob- 
ject than  the  profit  to  he  derived 
from  it  as  an  academy.  For  eight 
or  ten  years  previous  to  entering  so 
largely  in  the  fancy  business,  Mr. 
A.  had  been  employed  in  furnish- 
ing the  principal  coachniakers  with 
designs  and  models  for  new  and  im- 
proved carriages.  Among  manj 
instances  of  his  taste  and  abilities  in 
this  line,  the  stale  coach  built  for 
the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  in 
1790,  which  cost  oear  7000/.  and 
one  for  the  Lord  Mayor  of  Dublin 
in  the  following  year,  were  design- 
ed and  modelled  by  him.  It  has  been 
I,  that  Philip  Godsal,  Esq.  who 
lias  the  model  of  the  Lord  Lieute- 
nant's coach,  has  actually  refused 
one    hundred  guineas  for  it,  and  it 


is  more  than  probable,  he  would 
Dot  sell  it  for  t \\ ice  iliat  sum. 

During  the  period  when  the 
l'r<  ncli  emigrants  were  so  numerous 
in  tbis  country,  Mr.  A.  iras  among 
the  fit  '•  ik  '  "ui  :i    liberal  and 

:  i  mploying  them,  and 
he  had  seldom  le^s  than  fiftv  noble*, 

priests,  and  ladies  of  distinction, 
at  work  upon  screens,  card-racks, 
flower-stands,  and  other  ornamental 

fancy-works  of  a  similar  nature. 
Since  the  decree  permitting  the  re- 
turn of  the  emigrants  to  France, 
this  manufacture  has  been  continu- 
ed by  native  artists,  who  execute 
the  work  in  a  very  superior  sty  le  : 
but  it  is  impossible  in  this  place  to 
notice  the  great  variety  of  artn  les 
which  it  embraces.  The  public 
are  referred  to  a  catalogue  of  near 
100  pages,  which  conveys  every 
information  that  can  be  necessary, 
and  will  be  our  apology  for  omit- 
ting any  further  observations;  we 
shall  therefore  onlj  add,  that  since 
Mr.  A.  has  given  up  the  academy, 
he  has  substituted  a  port-folio  of 
prints  and  drawings  for  the  use  of 
pupils  and  dilitanti,  upon  the  plan 
of  a  circulating  library  of  books, 
the  terms  of  which  areas  follow  : 

rly  subscription  .   1- Guineas, 
Half-yearly  ditto  .  .  J  ditto. 
Quarterly  ditto     .  .  .  l  ditto. 
The  money  paid  at  the  time  of  sub- 
scribing.    The  subscribers  are  allowed 
to  take  the   value  of  their   subscription 
money  in  prints  or  drawings,  and  may 
change  them  as  often  as  they  please. 


FASHIONABLE  FURNITURE. 


PLATE  3. CHAISE   I.ONGUE. 

Tnc  design  of  the  chaise  longyt 
is  Grecian,  and  should  be  executed 


as  to  its  frame- work  wholly  in  mat 
and  burnished  gold,  when  chaste* 
ness  of  execution  is  desired  j  the  or- 


('/h/t..'    ' 


1 1  ■  i  1 1  I  ' '  ■  '  ■  ^ 


Window 


I  AMMONAKT-f.     I  IT  II  NIT  I    II  I   . 


\rJ 


naments  maj  be  fiuit  bed  in  bronze 
metal,  when  a  sirailai  (•  le  bai  been 
tdopted  in  theother  furniture  of  the 
apartment.  The  covering  here 
■hewn  ii  wppo  ed  (<»  be  of  azure 
blue  velvet,  (In:  ornament!  being 
worked  op  in  gold  colour  and 
bronze.  Each  end  baa  a  ( Irecian 
mantle,  to  correspond  with  the  co- 
vering, fringed  w ith  h  gold-<  oloui 
silk  fringe.  One  side  of  this  design 
being  geometrical,  a  scale  is  added, 
from  which  evcrj  dimension  may 
be  obtained,  observing  thai  28  inch. 
is  its  intended  width. 

\\  i  \  dow-scat. 
This  design  would  have  ;i  very 
good  effect  executed  in  bronze,  with 
(he  rosettes,  fillets,  ami  other  orna- 
mentfl  ofthe  frame,  in  mat  gold.  It 
might  be  covered  '.villi  green  velvet, 
with  stripes  of  rose  colour.  Thede- 
sign  of  this  window-scat  was  fur- 
nished by  Messrs.  Morgan  and 
Saunders,  Catherine-street,  Strand. 
GF.M'.UAL  OBSEU1  ITIONS. 

Fashion  is  ever  creating  change 
and  variety  in  furniture.  We  ob- 
serve with  pleasure  a  more  tasteful 
arrangement  daily  taking  place; 
the  gaudy  colours  of  the  chintz  and 
calico  furniture  have  given  place  to 
a  more  chaste  style,  in  which  two 
colours  only  are  employed  to  pro- 
duce  the  appearance  of  damask. 
The  same  style  is  adopting  in  ear- 
pets,  giving  apartmeuts  an  uniform 
and  pleasing  appearance.  Bronze 
»till  prevails  as  ;i  ground-work  for 
chairs,  sofas,  cabinets,  &C  and  will 
always  be  classic  when  delicately 
and  sparing  assisted  with  gold  or- 
naments. A  great  deal  o{  black 
has  been  used  in  chairs,  &c.  but  the 
appearance  is  harsh,  and  the  (  on- 
trast  too  violent  to  be  approved  by 
genuine  and  correct  taste;  itscheap- 


I  hi  alone  make  its  ate  tole- 
rable. Manchester  coloured  vel- 
vets, used  for  furniture  and  curtaintf 
produce  a  rich  <  fleet.  Poles  fu  lily 
decorated  form  the  best  and  most  i  >- 

shionable  siipp<  >i  f « -  ■  1   foi   dr  l|  erieSj 

and  in  all  probability  will  contiatM 
throughout  the  present  \  ear.  ( Kin  i 
improveroenti  a  ill  be  noticed  in  om 
succeeding  numb'  i  . 

In  fitting  up  dining-rooms  it  has 

been  d,    that  a  new  system 

is  about  to  be  adopted,  in  which  the 

architecture  and  the  furniture  aft- 
rendered  subservient  to  domestic 
comfort,  as  well  ;•  I  arrange- 

ment. In  the  Morning  Post,  a  few 
days  since,  is  noticed  a  design  now 
executing  for  the  eating-room  of  a 
noble  duke  :  it  comprehends  I  spsu  t 
of  sixty  (cvt  in  length,  from  which 
twenty  feet  arc  taken  by  a  colonnade 

often  feet  at  each  i".u\.  Ten  feet 
forms  the  breast   of  the   chim: 

the  remaining  spaces  on  each  side 

become  recesses,  three  feet  ami  a 
half  deep,  in  which  are  placed  ar- 
chitectural pedestals,  supporting 
imitative  granite  columns.  These 
pedestals  are  so  contrived  as  to  con- 
tain every  necessary  requisite,  usu- 
ally placed  in  what  are  called  saiCO* 
phagUS  cellarets,  with  other  conve- 
niences, rendering  the  ingress  anil 
egress  of  domestics  less  troubles 
than  iscustomory.  The  remaining 
spaces  are  appropriated  to  the  side- 
boards :  they  are  suppi  eight 

beautiful  and  strictly  (  lassi     v  • 
female    Caryatides,   under  a  frieze 
embellished  by  a  Greek  ornament  of 

(he  present  taste,  executed  in  1  I 
metal.  The  vacuum  under: 
each  side-board  is  *. . . i  ret  :>•>:  b; 
piscine  of  elegant  sarcophag 
adapted  to  the  purpose  of  heating 
plates,  &C.    by   contrivances  from 


9 


BRl  riSM    MiltTJ. 


the  flue  of  clip  chimney.  Tin*  w  hole 
of  these  embellishm  >nts  are  intended 
to  be  executed  in  t  !i«*  most  beautiful 
■ahoganj . relieved  by  ormolu  inlay 
of  ornaments  and  lines.  Over  each 
sideboard  will  be  placed  glasses  ol 


frames  of  bronze  and  gold ;  in  the 
ses  and  center  of  each  glass 
are  to  be  suspended  cut-glass  Gre- 
cian lamps  of  an  unique  design  and 
execution.  The  carpet  for  (ho  room 
is  making  at  Axminster,  front  a  de- 


the   most    superb    dimensions,    in    sign  given  by  the  architect. 


Plate  I.— BRITISH  SPORTS. 
The  forest    laws,   which  arc  the  [  rupted,  from   their  native   forests; 
foundation  of  our  game  laws,  may  |  and  after  a  struggle  of  two  centuries, 

easily  be  (raced   to  a  Saxon  Of    Da-      the  Britons  were  driven  (o  the  WCSt- 

nish  origin.     The  creation  of  the     em  extremities,  and  this  island,  in 


New  Forest  by  the  first  of  the  Nor- 
man kings,  shews  (he  indefinite  an- 
tiquity of  other  forests  belonging  to  : 

the  crown.     The  very  names  of  the  : 
inferior  courts  are  Saxon  :  whoever 
will  attentively  consider  the  institu- 


possession  of  the  conquerors,  be- 
came  truly  German  ;  for  in  (heir  new 
situation  they  receded  no  farther 
from  their  institutions  than  was 
merely  necessary  for  their  establish- 
ment.     It  would  dcroirate  from  the 


(ions  of  our  Saxon  ancestors,  will  ij  glory  of  the  Saxon   institutions,  if 
discover  in  them  not  only  a  perfect     these  laws  could  be  considered  as  a 


regard  <<>  equality  of  rights,  con- 
nected with  an  anxious  attention  to 
order  and  good  government  in  a 
wild  and  uncultivated  country,  but 
(hat  the  influence  of  these  institutions 
continues  to  pervade  the  whole  sys- 
tem of  our  constitution.  We  un- 
gratefully deny  to  our  German  pro- 
genitors the  acknowledgment,  that 
to  their  plain  good  sense,  their  love  I 
of  liberty,  of  order,  and  of  justice, 
weowe  almost  all  the  bleesings  of  the 
government  we  enjoy;  whilst  a  fo- 
reigner (  Montesquieu  det Esprit  des 
Loir)  accurately  tracing  our  hap-  : 
pinesa  to  its  real  source,  justly  ej  - 
claims,  "  Cc  beau  tystlme  a  iti 
"  trouxc  dans  ies  hot*.  "  The 
struggles  successively  made  in  this 
country  have  been  to  preserve  and  i 
restore,  rather  than  to  improve  our  j 
constitution.     To  this  country  the 


system  of  slavery;  indeed,  an  im- 
partial and  unprejudiced  inquiry 
into  their  history  and  origin,  will 
induce  us  to  believe,  that  a(  the  ear- 
ly period  when  their  foundation  was 
laid,  the  forest  laws  were  part  of  a 
political  system  for  the  internal  be- 
nefit and  security  of  the  country  at 
large,  mixed  indeed  with  the  indul- 
gence of  royal  pleasures,  but  in 
which  the  public  peace  and  the 
preservation  of  the  growth  of  tim- 
ber, were  considerations  of  no  less 
importance.  Canute,  to  whose  mild- 
ness of  government  the  submission 
of  (he  Saxons  is  attributed, establish- 
ed regulations  similar  to  those  of  his 
own  country  :  what  they  were  can- 
not be  accurately  oi  perfectly  given 
now,  but  they  are  stated  to  have 
I) -•<  ii  framed  with  the  advice  of  his 
ureal  men,  for  the  ends  of  peace  and 


•ns  brought  the  institutions  of     justice;  but  it  appears,  that  for  kill- 
their  forefathers,  pure  and  uncor-     ing  a  stag,  a  gentleman  lost  his  rank, 


BB1T18H    •  POB  PI. 


n.  yeoman  his  liberty,  end  ■  slave  II 
I, is  life.    The  severity  oftheselaws 
was  considerably  abated  in  practice 
by  his  successors,  and  under   Ed- 
ward the  Confessor  they  were  almost 
entirely    neglected  :    it    was    this 
which  mad.-  the  revival   of  them, 
under  William  the  Conqueror,  to 
ln.  fe]|  as  a  greater  hardship,  which 
certainly  was  not    lessened  by   his 
adding  to  their  penalties — the  1"  s 
of  an  eye  as  a  punishment   for  kill- 
injrastag.  The  reservation  bfcon- 
fcroul  in  the  crown  over  the  officers 
ofthe  forest,  is  the briginof  the  office 
of  chief  justice  in  eyre  of  the  pre- 
senl  day.     Both  the  Williams  were 
fond  ofthe  chase,  which   led  them 
to  oppress  their  subjects  mosl  inor- 
dinately.    Henry  commenced   his 
reign  by  promising  relief,  w  hich  be 
never  granted  ;  on  the  contrary,  it  is 
evident,  from  the  charter  of  his  suc- 
cessor, that  his  extending  the  abuses 
of  the  forest  laws  occasioned  great 
discontent.     During  the  reign   of 
Henry  [I.  amilder  system  prevailed;  || 
and  in  Richard  l.'s  time  the  severe 
punishments  enacted  by  the  fori   I 
laws,  were  usually   redeemed  by  a 
fine.    John  had  stretched  the  fores! 
law  to  the  utmost,  and  was  compel- 
led to  submit  to  an  explicit  declara- 
tion of  the  rights  of  the  crown  in 
this  as  well  as  in  other  respects  ;  for 
that  purpose  a  commission  issued  to 
ascertain  boundaries,  &c.     Thei  - 
gulations  then  made  were  repeated 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  and  con- 
firmed bv  Edward  I.    The  Ordina- 
te Foresta  made  in  the  34th  of  this 
reign,    contained  many    ben, 
No.  1.  Vol.  1. 


regulations.    Thi 

m  the  i  .!  of  Edward  III.  from  the 

latter  of   Which,  i<  ;'P!' 

very  distant  time  i  the  law  had  ; 
\  ill.  il  for  persons  charged  witi 
fences  ofthe  forest  a  particnlai 

incilv,  similar  to  thfl  Wlit  ot  H 

( lorpus,  sodes  !i  1 1  dly  com  i 

,  at  bulwadi  of  our  liberties  ; 
.,  itatute  wai  likewise  made  in  this 
reign,  for  keeping  the  pel 
lions  of  Edward  I .     In   the 
of  Richard   I.  tb< 

forest  appear  to  R  Mpt.d  to 

influence  the  juries,  an  ofl'em 
which  n  remedy  was  pvot  id.  d  in  the 
Tih  vear  ofhis  reign  :   here   the  re- 
gulations  of  the   forest   appear  to 
have  n  nained  for  Bcveral  year*. 
(  To  be  continued.) 


COTJ  ItsiNf;. 

All  the  meetings  in  the  south  dif- 
fer from  the  Malton  meeting,  in  run- 
ning fol  the  prize  cup.  In  the 
south,  each  member  subscribes  to  it, 
and,  if  pn  irts  a  dog,  which 

are  drawn  by  hits  to  run  against 
each  other,  two  and  two.  The  next 
day  the  winners  ofthe  preceding 
day  run  against  each  other,  till  all 
the  dogs  are  runoff;  and  lastly, 
the  two  winner^  of  the  whole  start 
for  the  cup.  An  interest  is  thus 
kept  alive  through  the  whole  meet* 

Ing,      The  best  dot:  is  fairly    I 
lamed,  and  not  more  than  :i  1 
of  dogs  are  started  at    once,  which 
renders  the  course  a   proper  trial  : 
this  cannot  be  the  case  when  five  or 
sin  greyhounds  are  running 
after  one  unfortunate  hare. 
I 


58 


ALLEGORICAL  WOOD-CCT,  WITH  PATTERNS  OF  BRITISH 

MANUFACTURE. 


Pattehns  afford  the  manufac- 
turer an  opportunity  of  circulating 
a  new  article  more  extensively  in 
one  day,  than  can  be  done  by  Bend- 
ing a  dozen  rulers  with  it  through 
tin  country.  It  will  likewise  afford 
persons  at  a  distance  from  the  me- 
tropolis the  means  of  examining  and 
estimating  the  merit  of  the  fabric, 
and  of  being  made  acquainted  with 
the  tradesman  from  whom  it  may  be 
purchased. 

Among  the  fashionable  articles 
for  gentlemen's  wear,  we  have  given 
one  of  plush,  manufactured  from 
mohair,  some  of  which  are  made  in 
imitation  of  fur,others  rival  an  article 
of  the  same  nature  made  with  silk. 

The  present  cold  weather  has  in- 
duced our  young  men  of  fashion  to 
introduce  this  article  pretty  general- 
ly. The  appearance  is  genteel  and 
comfortable.  The  utility  of  this  fa-*t 
brie  for  ve>l>  is  sanctioned  by  sport- 
ing gentlemen,  who  have  the  lower 
part  of  the  vest  for  six  or  seven 
inches  lined  with  the  same.  After 
a  hard  chase,  the  loins  do  not  ex- 
perience that  chill  and  cold  which 
is  often  fell  in  the  ride  homo,  owing 
to  the  gentle  irritation  and  warmth 
of  the  plush,  Avhich  absorbs  the 
perspiration. 

At  Coventry,  the  silk  and  ribbon 
manufactures  are  very  much  decli- 
ned, but  the  introduction  of  this  ar- 


ticle, (at  present  mail"  only  by 
Messrs.  Harris's)  if  ii  !  comes  ge- 
nre il,  bids  fair  to  employ  the  pool 
of  that  place  during  tin-  winter  sea- 
son. The  pattern  No.  1,  is  one 
among  a  great  variety  of  colours  of 
thisarticle  which  we  have  observed 
in  the  shops  of  Mr.  Smith,  Prince's- 
Street,  Soho ;  Messrs,  Maunds* 
Cornhill  ;  and  at  the  principal  men* 
mercers.  It  is  sold  considerably 
under  the  silk  plush,  and  looks  as 
well. 

No,  2  i..  the  gold-coloured  velvet 
described  in  the  mantle  of  themOrn* 
ing  dress,  plate  J,  and  may  be  had 
of  1).  and  P.Cooper,   Pall-Mail. 

No.  3  is  a  pattern  of  brocade  or 
tissue,  very  much  worn  for  per 
lisses,  from  Robarts,  Plowman,  and 
Snuggs,  Chandos-Street,  Covent- 
Garden. 

No.  4  is  an  entire  new  flowered 
satin,  for  evening  dresses,  furnished 
by  Harris,  Moody,  and  Co.  Pall- 
Mall. 

The  three  last  patterns  are  the 
manufacture  of  Spitalfields.  The 
introduction  of  silks  among  our  la- 
dies of  fashion,  has  revived  the  al- 
most declining  employment  of  the 
silk-weavers,  and  if  it  has  the  effect 
of  excluding  the  fine  fabrics  of  In- 
dian manufacture,  to  the  increase  of 
our  artizans  at  home,  we  shall  feel 
very  happy  in  the  exchange. 


%\yt  l\rpositorj> 

Of  Arts,  Literature,  Commerce,  Manufactures,  Fashions,  and  Politics. 

Manufacturers,  Factors,  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in  Fancy  Goods  that 
come  within  the  scope  of  this  Plan,  are  requested  to  send  Patterns  of  such  new 
Articles  as  they  come  out,  and  if  the  requisites  of  Novelty,  Fashion,  and 
Elegance  are  united,  the  quantity  necessary  for  this  Magazine  will  be  ordere 

R.  Ackermann,  101,  Strand,  London. 


59 

$oetrp. 

TO  THE  mi  8E8. 

Mv  lirsi  fair  hope,  and  now  my  last  retiett 

From  empty  pride  and  insolent  deceit. 

On,-.-  more,  ye  Muses,  at  yoorholy  shrine, 

Life's  bus\  scenes  I  willingly  resig 

Prom  jarring  politics,  and  Faithless  man, 

From  fools  thai  execute,  and  knaves  thai  plan; 

From  men  that  use  you  for  their  private  ends. 

And  those,  once  answer'd,  are  no  more  row  friends; 

With  whom  e'en  gratitude  is  found  a  sin, 

All  pomp  without,  and  littleness  within  ! 

Whose  ruling  passion  is,  in  selfish  views, 

To  change  their  Friendships  as  they  change  their  shoes  j 

Set  ev'ry  feeling  of  the  heart  at  strife, 

And  dry  up  all  the  charities  of  life ; 

From  all  these  strange  artificers  of  words, 

That  rule  a  senate  which  no  truth  a  (lords, 

Merc  coruscations,  d  uszliag,  as  thev  pass, 

Some  titled  idiot,  or  some  pension'd  ass  I 

From  men,  whose  riches  are  their  sole  support, 

Whose  vast  ambition  is  to  shine  at  court  ; 

To  shew  their  weakness  in  embroidered  arms. 

The  secret  laughter  of  the  thing  that  charms: 

From  dames  of'fashion  who  are  vastly  kind, 

And  Lull  our  senses  to  Beduce  our  mind  : 

From  things  like  these,  ye  Muses,  I  retire, 

To  act  as  Keason  and  a>  you  inspire  ; 

To  move,  unshaken  in  the  midst  of  strife, 

Prepat'd  for  death,  and  not  too  fond  of  life! 

In  actions  honest,  and  in  thought  sincere, 

The  voice  of  nature  and  of  God  to  hear  ! 

With  you  to  meditate  that  awful  home, 

Whose  entrance  opens  on  a  world  to  come. 


*  *  * 


THE  LOVERS'  QUARREL 

ON  THE  SHORTEST  DAY  IN  THE  YEAR- 

From  Major  James's  Poems. 

Wf.  qunrrclled  on  the  shortest  day  ; 

The  consequence  was  this  : 
Throughout  the  longest  night  we  lay 

In  scenes  of  mutual  bliss. 
Oh  !  may  it  thus  for  ever  prove 

Willi  hearts  that  own  no  jjuile ; 
An  instant  be  the  frown  oi  love, 

A  century  the  smile  ! 
12 


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METEOROLOGICAL   JOURNAL, 

Ktpih.y  /?.  /;/\as.  Mathematical  Instrument-Maker,  Strand,  London. 


THERMOMETER. 

Wl.. 

III  I  i; 

Is,     g 

i.  \K<  YtA  E 

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— 

•  During  the  night  f  Heavy  rain  in  the  night.  1  Stars  brilliaal  at  <>  1'.  M.     Snow 

at  9.     High  wind  all  night  §  Snow  at  5  P.M.     Btara  brilliaul  in  (he  evening.     At  19, 

appearance  of  change. 


PRICES 

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Tiil 


Beposttorj) 


OP 


ARTS,  LITERATURE.  COMMER4 

Manufactures,  Fashions^  and  Politu  , 


lor  ITJiKUARY,  ]su<>. 


Cfje  ©eroiiD  /mnibrr. 


EMBELLISHMENTS. 


whok-lcngfk  Figures  of  London  Fashions,  for  the  M 
7.  Wi-  i  Baoj        v      '        |  ,  Square. 

i,    I.  .■!'■•    .  i  frs,  by  Hoxoitt. 

''.  Pateni   Landau.    — *        _  

10.  Allbcoricaj,  Woon-CUT,  with  real  Fatten*  of  British  Mamufacl   rf.««r  > 

( VNTENTS. 


P  m;f 

Chsxist&y  continued <. . 

The  line  Arts 

Answer  to  Crito 7_ 

History  ot"  CofiEec 74 

Case  of  the  West  India  Planters     .  70 

Letters  from  Italy 7  7 

A  Description  of  Montreal   ...  81 
Lord  Stanhope  on  Candles    .    . 
Improvement  of  Beauty  ... 

Learned  Spaniel yi 

Chinese  Imperial  Edict    .... 

British  Spurts 95 

Law  Report 97 

Wedgwood's  Rooms 10j 

Retrospect  of  Politics 107 

Literary  Notices  and  Intelligence    .113 


fAGt 

Medical  Publications 114. 

Review  "t  Music 117 

Medical  Report 119 

The  Homed  Heifer i_i 

dtural  Report ]'j'2 

Fashions ,     .     . 

Pateni  Landau 

Pattern! ib. 

Ode  to  the  New  Year 124 

To  a  B  md  Myrtle  .     .     . 

Marriages  and  Deaths      ... 
Bankrupts  and  Dividends  ... 

Markets 

Prices  of  Stocks 

Meteorological  Table 

Price  of  Shares 


TO  CORRESPONDENT  - 

THE  Communications  of  some  of  our  most  valued  Corrsrpondents,  have  been 
unavoidably  postponed  till  the  ensuing  Month,  because  we  were  unwilling  to  abridge 
what  we  had  not  room  to  print. 

We  have  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  The  Man  of  Fashion  and  The  Seducer. 
The  limits  we  have  prescribed  to  the  Poetical  Department,  oblige  us  to  delay  some 
very  elegant  Trifles,  of  which  we  take  this  opportunity  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  ; 
they  shall  appear  in  our  future  Numbers. 


3&epo£ttorj> 


or 


ARTS,  LITERATURE*  COMMKU' 
Manufactures^  Fashions,  and  1}<>/Ifi>  , 


Tor  FEBRUARY,  1900. 


£T'if  fefccnlj  /iunilur. 


-Tlic  ruffrare  of  tin'  mae. 


The  praise  (hat's  worth  rabitioo,  is  attainM 
I!)  g<  ,,...  alone,  ami  dignity  of  iuin.1. 


A  KM    TROSC. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  USEFUL  AND 

POLITE  AKTS. 

(Continued  from  poge  11J 
Hor.r.R   R\cov  was  excommuni- i'  the  times,    are     mystical    and 
cated  kf  ,m>  l*°P'N  an^  imprisoned  .  score, 

t .  ■  i    pears,    for   supposed    dealings         In  the  yrar  lc?."3,  lived  / 
with  the  devil.     He  was  celebrated     Lulty,  bprn  at  Barcelona,  He  wrote 
foe  many  ingenious  inventions  and     on  strong  waters  and  metals  i    his 
discoveries  in  chemistry  and  me-  y  last  will,  one  of  the  most  cclebi 
chanics ;  among  others,  are  mention-1  of  his  writings,  is  remarkable  for 
edthc  cq^mtraokscura^  tilt  telescope^    obscurity. 
and  gunpowder.      His  works  dis-         About  1840,   Kved  Art 

Villa  Soxu,    a  native    of  Lai 
doc  in  Fiance,     In  1 
Imd  a  clear  account  of  the  mineral 
acids,  and  he  hai  united  to  his  I 
mical  skill  a  considerable  >harc  of 
knowledge  in  medicine:  his  writ 
ue.  however,  obscured    y  aU  the 
bombast  of  alchemical  folly. 

He  was  born  in  tl>e  county  of  Somer-   |       About   the  end  of  the  lourtt  • 
set,  in  the  year  121*,  and  died  in  1294.     )  century,  Basil 

No.  II.  Vol.  I.  K 


play  astonishing  sagacity  and  ex- 
actness, and,  considering  the  age 
in  -which  he  lived*,  are  composed 
with  no  small  degree  of  elegance  a> 

well  as  conciseness;  some  of  them, 
however,  bearing  the  characters  o\ 


66 


IN  I  noniTTION     TO    THE 


Benedictine  monk,  arduously  ap-  for,  after  an  almost  uninterrupted 
pUcd  himself  to  chemistry  and  me-  course  of  extravagancies,  haying 
dicii  lie  discovered  many  of    wandered  a  great  part  of  his  life 


the  brst  antimonial  medicines  \  and 
it  must  be  confessed,  that  id  his  ccle- 
brated  treatise  on  antimony,  we  find 
a  variety  of  preparations  which 
hare  been  since  announced  to  the 
world  as  '-.tw  discoveries. 

In  t'  c  beginning  of  the  sixteenth 


from  place  to  place,  bis  premature 
death,  which  happened  1541,  ex- 
posed his  vanity    and    blasted    all 

their  hopes:  he  died  at  an  inn  in 
Saltzbourg,  in  the  iSth  year  of  his 
age.  This  man  closed  the  list  of 
the  distinguished    alchemists,  and 


eentitry,  arose  Paracelsus,  one  of  hit  leath  completed  the  disgrace  of 
the  most  extraortiiriarj  men  that  the  universal  medicine.  The  cha- 
rver  exi-tcd.  lie  asoornin  1493,  ||  racter  of  Paracelsus  is  universally 
near  Zurich  in  Switzerland:  of  a  |]  known:  he  stole  many  opinions  and 
bold  and  enterprising  spirit,  be  to- II  even  facts  from  others;  his  arm- 
tally  despised  the  common  rules  of  gance  was  insupportable,  his  inflat- 
conduct  by  which  men  are  usually  i  ed  pretensions  ridiculous,  and  his 
guided  in  civilized  society.  This  whofo  life  a  continued  tissue  of 
impetuoas roan, who,  in  ostentation,  absurdity,  extravagance,  and  vice: 
mystery,  and  palpable  falshood,  at  the  same  time  it  must  be  acknow- 
■  ded  all  preceding  alchemists,    [edged, that  his  talents  were  great, 


Wis  supposed  to  have  an  evil  spirit 

routined     in    the    pommel    of    his 


and  his  labours  not  entirely  useless; 
by  carrying  his  speculations  con- 


sword.     After  having  raised  his  re-     cerning  the  philosopher's  stone  to 


putatimi  to  a  great   height,  lie  Wis 
appointed     by  the    magistrates  of 

I,  tn  give  a  course  (.»•'  lectures 
in  that  city,  and  thus  he  became  the 
first  public  professor  of  chemistry 
in  El&opc:  but  iiis  ri  si!es>  spirit  did 
not  permit  him  to  remain  long  in 
this  situation,     lie  soon  quarrelled 


the  utmost  verge  of  folly,  he  <  onlri- 
buted  more  than  any  other  to  the 
disgrace  and  banishment  of  alche- 
mical pretensions. 

It  would  surpass  the  limits  of  our 
present  enquiry,  to  pursue  the  de- 
tail of  chemical  science  at  this  pe- 
riod to  any  considerable  length.    A 


with  the  magistrates  from  whom  lie  !  great  number  of  medical  practitio- 
liad  received  his  appointment,  and  ner  ,  in  the  course  of  the  sixteenth 
I<  fi  the  cii  v.     Despising  the   most  jj  century,   adopted    and    propagated 


salutary  principles  of  the  art  of 
healing,  after  having,  by  the  liberal 
BSe  of  opium  and  mercury,  been 
successful  in  the  treatment  of  sere- 1 
ral  serious  maladies,  he  assumed 
(lie  merit  of  having  discovered  the- 
universal  medicine,  and  deceived 
his  followers  with  the  hope  of  b<  - 
mg  immortal.     Hut  while  he  made 


the  principles  of  Paracelsus.  Among 

the  most  distinguished  of  these,  was 
I'lin  ffelmotit,  a  man  of  consider- 
able genius,  who  was  born  I.j77. 
Jt    may   be    readily    conjectured, 

that  owing  to  the  great  variety  of 
experiments  which  were  performed 
by  the  alchemists,  many  valuable 
discoveries  must   have  been  rriade. 


Mich  flattering  promrses,  his   own     The  alchemists  actually  collected  a 

fate  was  a  sad  proof  of  theprtsump-  |  rich  store  of  facts,  and  if  they  did 
fuous  absurdity  of  his  pretentious  ;  ti  not  succeed   in  drawing  gold  from 


i  SF.rt'L    \  m>   imii.i  n.   ar.v 


C7 


tli«  I r  furnaces,  thej  produced  thotc 
material!  upon  w  bi<  h  th<  ti  ue  'I"  - 
trine  of  ihis  science  was  afu  , 
erected  .  for  as  yel  il  did  nol  ex- 
ist. M  uy  of  the  follower!  oi  Para- 
celsui  \.  [\y  devoted  to  the 

study  of  chemistry  ;  bul  tiie  al»- 
siLnl,  ridiculous,  and  unprincipled 
conduct  of  their  master,  tended  ma- 
terially to  bring  the  views  and  spe- 
culatiomi  of  the  alchemists  into  <!<•- 
served  ami  general  disrepute. 

At  the  end  <>f  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury, chemistry  began  to  assume  a 
scientific  form.  The  scattered  nets 
which  the  alchemists  bad  discoi  ar- 
id, were  collected,  arranged,  and 
reduced  to  principles,  so  thai  the 
knowledge  of  them  might  be  im- 
plied to  useful  purposes.  The 
ta.sk  was  accomplished  by  Becker. 
This  man  collected  all  the  discove- 
ries which  were  noticed  before  him, 
ami  pointed  out  many  important  I 
objects  to  which  the  researches  of 
chemists  o'.iiclit  to  be  directed.  Il 
was  tin*  lust  dawn  of  chemical 
science,'  and  the  publii  siion  ol*  Ins 
Pkysica  Sublcrranea,  in  the  year 
1()()'),  Conns  a  very  important  sera 
in   the  history  of  chemical  phil 

Al  this  period  chemistry  escaped 
for  e\w  from  the  toils  of  alcl* 
and    the"  rudiments   of  the  sc 
Which    we   find    it    at   present    were 
developed.      Becher  distinguished 
himself  so  highly  by  his  chemical 
knowledge,   tliat    the  names  of  all 
tor iner  theorists  seem  to  be  forgotten  : 
after  having  laid  the  foundatio  i 
the  famous   system  of  phlogiston, 
he  died  in  the  year  l(  ! 

The  tacts  which  had  been  accu- 
mulated by  the  Labours  of  the  alche- 
mists,  and  to  which  Becher  had 
given  a  systematic  form,  were  scon 


He  i  method  d  I  ■ 

his  pupil  Stahl.     Indeed,  tins  mau 
siiapliiir.l  and   in  proved   tht  dot  - 

H  iih-s  of  his  ma  i>  r  so  mm  h,  that  he 
made     it    almost    wholly    Ins    own; 

.in  I  hence  it  baa  bo  n  known  ■ 
Mm  -■  bj  the  ii  une  oi  the  ! 

'/'/iron/. 

Hi-  was  tin-   fir-f  w  ho  ha 

potion  of  chemical  union,  ind  ■_ 
i  taiij  instajM  ei  of  complu 
micaJ   pr>'  i  luteiy    scien- 

tific,    .'lis  wri  ive  made  him 

Lmmofftal,    and   place   him  among 
the  /ii  t  chara  ten  of  th 
which  he  lived.     Nis  th 
universally  ijec  i  i  ed  I  •.   <  ben 
and  mn tinner!  to  flourish  for  more 

than  half  a  century.    He  die  I  I 
Since    this     p  i  iod, 

been  cuitivated  with  still 
success.  Men  of  emine  ap« 

p  -an-d  every  a  here,  and  d 

■  ii  multiplied,  a  bit  h  hay  <  led  to 
important  events. 

Towards  the  middle  of  the  eigh« 
teentfa  century  became 

general,  and  even  I  isbii  as  ile,  par- 
ticularly in  France  and  G 
The   nam.  i  of  Beaume,     " 
Afargraafj  Schcde,   Berwtrar,  &e. 
will  long  remain,  distinguished  in 
the  annals  of  chemical 

The    spirit    of    < lirj 

■ 
irs    to    have    ran 

of  the     i 
learned  men  b 
ime  Ihe 

,\as    r 

discoveries  were  daily  mu 

v  pi  lit   •.  .   the 

study  burst  forth,  and  was  diff 

tar  an  I  end  oi'  the 

-    which    are    of   so 

much  importance  in  the  econo»v 

nature,   were  d    c 
K  9 


TNTHontc  rios    10  tnr. 


yeai  1771,  Dr.  Priestley,  who  had 
rmploj  ed  in  chemical  pursuits, 
detected  various  at  rial  fluids  total- 
ly tin  known  before*  Dr.  ttlack 
I  raced  tile  laws  of  latent  hear,  and 
discovered  (he  carbonic  acid.  The 
seiem  e  of  electricity  was  a>  it  were 
created, and  thunder  was  drawn  from 
the  clouds;  in  short,  the  properties  ol 
the  atmosphere  were  examined  with 
accuntcv  and  ascertaiuad. 


many  of  tlie  new  facts  proved 
hostile  to  the  acknowledged  doc- 
trines of  the  science;  and  lite  con- 
clusions to  which  they  led,  wereof 
such  a.  nature  as  to  puzzle  and  con- 
tradict the  most  important  chemi- 
cal laws:  there  was,  therefore, 
neithei  system  nor  connection  be- 
tween the  chemical  Tacts,  the  mul- 
tiplicity of  which  actually  over- 
whelmed iis  theory  ■      A    man  of  an 


[n  the  year  1781,  Mi*  Cavendish    extraordinary   mind  was  wanting, 

proved    that  water    is   not  a  simple  Who     might     profit     by    this    stale 
element,    but   is  composed   of  the    of  uncertainty   and  indecision,    to 


bases  of  two  gases. 


i   arrest    the  vacillations   of  this    sci- 


All  these  new  discoveries  embar-  ence.  A  revolution  was  prepared 
>d  the  votaries  of  the  doctrine  of  in  every  quarter,  but  no  one  had 
Stahl,  and  the  conclusions  to  which  yet  felt  bold  enough  to  regulate 
they  led,  were  of  such  a  nature  as  its  motion:  it  was  therefore  requi- 
to  contradict  many  of  ihe  acknow-  site  to  proceed  one  step  further, 
lodged  laws  of  the  science.  A  [that  the  imperfect  system  ofchemis- 
crowd  of  new  and  extraordinary  J  try  then  prevailing  might  be  cx- 
chemical  tacts  succeeded  each  o-  ploded  for  ever.  This  was  effected 
therwitb  astonishing  rapidity;  aca-    by  the  genius  of  a  foreign  chemist. 


demical    memoirs   and    periodical 

publications    were     scarcely    suffi- 
cient to   publish  all  the  new  disco- 


j  whose  name  was  Lavoisier/  a 
man  endued  with  ihe  most  profound 
talents  for  science:  enabled  by  meat  ■ 


veries  that  were   made.     The  che-  of   his   own    princely  fortune,  and 

mical  laws  of  nature  were  submit-  the   liberal    bounty  of  the   French 

ted  to  the  test    of  Weight,   measure,  government,  he  instituted  a  series  of 

and  vision*  The  totality  of  the  ex-  ingenious  experiments,  tin-  results 

periments   of  different   kinds,   and  of  which  proved  to  demonstration, 

instituted    for    various     purposes,  '  that  the  theory  of  phlogiston  was 

laid    before    the    public    by  indivi-  founded  in  error.    His  experiments 

duals  at    that   time,    forms  B  mass  were   repeated  by    all  the   philoso- 

ef  immense   extent,   and  presents  pliers  of  Europe;    his  reusouings 

one  of  the  most   prominent  features  and  inferences  were  attacked  by  the 

of  the  age:  the  science  of  chemis-  defenders  of  the  phlogistic  theory  : 

try  engaged  general  attention ;  and  a  kind  of  chemical  war  was   thus 

yet,  whilst  it  became  enriched  with  kindled  in   tin*  republic  of  letters, 

such   great  and  important  facts,   its  which    was   carried  on    with   great 

theory    proceeded   but    slowly.      Jt  violence  and  animosity;   and  pos- 

even  appeared  to  acquire  a  retro-  }  terity  will  view  with  regret,  men  u.' 

grade  motion,  or  to  lose  ground,  undoubted  genius  at  times  divesf- 

aud     become    embarrassed   among  I  ing   themselves    of  the  armour   of 

these  immense  acquisitions,      livery  truth  and  candour,  and  endeavour* 
list  hud  his  own  theory  ;  lor  ;  ing  to  stub  their  advene  icllow-la- 


i     i  i  r  i.    a  \  ii   »oi!  i  r.   a  mn.  '  9 

no^rcTs  with  weapons  dipped  in  the  (1  position   <-i   tli  ince*   which 

poison  <>i   calumny  Mini    fnlshood.     arc  represented.     It  is  to  ihis  im- 
J{ii   in  another  point  «>i*  view  the     provement  in  ik  Is 
canted  bun  ba  n  pi  Kl  ■■  I  ii  t  pi  ef-    m  to   istribe  the  facility  and  pre- 
fects,  l>v    which   science  li.is  been    cfaion  with  which  the  knowl 
materially  benefited;    if  has  ooca-    chemistry   can    be  comma 
sionedastill  greater  accumulation    and  which  has  undoubtedly  contri- 
of  facts,   a  rigid    examination    of   buted  greatly  to  its  general  diffusion 
tli  "Dries  mihI  opinions,  an  I  has  given     and  cultivation  :  ami  il  there  be  any 
that   tone  and  \  igour  (<>  the  culti- 
vators of  chemistry,   which   have 
ultimately  elii  ited  the  most  lublime 
and  uulooked-fof  truths. 

'J'he  principles  of  Fiavoisicr 
have  triumphed,  and  arc  now  taught 
in  all  the  chemical  schools  of  Eu- 
rope; his  opponents  have  become 
Jiis  disciples;  and,  in  fact,  a  sin- 
gle man  erected  the  present  sys- 
tem.     A    revolution   so  great  and 


ground  forhopeas  to  its  future  pro- 

from  distinguished  tal 
ardi  nt  teal,  and  unceasing  indus- 
try, those  «  ho  are  now  engaged  in 
ihestn.lv  of  this  science,  give  mil 
promise  of  a  rich  harvest.  The 
late  <li^<  o  Mi.  Davj  as  t.> 

the  raetalleiation  of  the  earth  and 
alcalies,  and  which  is  undoubtedly 
(lie  most  important  discovery  made 
in  modern  chemistry,  give  reason 
fortunate    for  the   progress  of  the    to  believe,    that   this  science  will 


human  mind,  demands  the  res 


soon  acquire  a  still  more  dignified 


and  admiration  of  the  present,  and  and     more     honourable     situation. 

wiil  surely  obtain  tha(  of    future  Chemistry,  in  its  present  state,   is 

ages.     Lavoisier  deserved  an  altar  do  longer  confined  to  the  labors- 

in  the  temple  of  science;  but  the  lory  of  the  arts;    it   has  i 

French    revolution    shortened   the  |  its  investigations  to  the  sublimes! 

bright  career  of  this  philosopher:  heights  ol    physical  enqutr 

.Lavoisier  perished,  in  the  reign  of  pursues  a  path  formerly  regar 

the  monster  Robespierre,  under  the  as   at  best    mysterious,  it'  not 

axe  of    the  guillotine.     The  his- II  penetrable.  From  the  atrr/W  we pro- 

tori  ins  of   ihis  science   will  COnse*  eeed  to 
crate  his  name  to  posterity.  me  n\c  aaTt. 

Such  has  been  the  rise  and  pro-        A love  of  the  ornamental  and  igii- 

grcss  of   chemistry.     'The  barba-  tattve  arts   is  so  interwoven    with 

rous,  unmeaning,  and  arbitrary  Ian-  the  moral  existence  of  man,   that 

guage  of  the  old  chemists,  which  scarcely  any  part  of  the  World  but 

rendered    the    science    extremely  is  more  or  less  cheered  by  their 

difficult  to   be  acquired   or    under-  uial  influence,  and  scarcely  a  | 

stood,  has  given,  way  to  a  more  sci-  of  history  but    is  enlightened   by 

entitic   phrasiology.     The  French  their  rays.  It  is  art  ia  every  con n- 

chemists  have  furnished  a  rational  try  which  s,  ennobles, 

nomenclature    of    the    science,    so  sustains  intellects 

constructed   that   every  word  and  aiit  which  speaks  of  man  i 

every  combination  has  an  appro-  ages,  and  proudly  proclaim 

priate    meaning,    and     is    intend-  here  he  has  existed;  i;  is  hen 

rd  to  express  the  nature  and  cam-  benevolent  affections  have  been  aid- 


ro 


1  \  1  UOOl  CTTON     TO    TUP 


tivated  :     and    pleasure    has    gone 
hand  in  band  with  philosophy." 

Pron  pted  by  an  amiable  sentiment 
of  gratitude  toward*  the  pasl  bene- 
factors of  the  human  race,  we  in- 
dulge with  pleasing  anxiety  in  such 
enquiries:  at  U  ad  to  dwrolope  the 
sources  of  the  advantages  that  wc 
enjoy;  and  m  we  hope  to  live  our- 
selves in  the  me  natty  of  the  good, 
we  willingly  grant  the  sublunary 
immortality  that  mortals  tan  be- 
stow to  the  discoverers  ami  bivea- 

tors  of  those  arts  and   sciences,     to 

which  we  are  indebted  for  the  com- 

fortsand  the  innocent  luxuriesoflife. 
Which   then   (we  may   laudably 

enquire)  was  the  Srst-bom  of  the 

imitative  arts?  and  what  country 
had  the  honour  of  giving  birl 
these  chaste  and  charming  sisters? 
Diil  they  trayel  from  i  ia  to 
pi  ?  or.  vice  versa,  from  Esrypd 
to  the  peninsula  ofHindostan?  or 
from  the  plains  of  Shinaar  to  both  ? 
These  an-  quostions  upon  which 
much  learned  ingenuity  lias  been 
expended;  not  fruitlessly,  sob*  many 
,1  discoveries  and  much  plea- 
sure has  attended  the  research  ;  hut, 
perhaps,  too  generally  by  mere  men 
of  letters,  and  without  sufficient 
advertence  to  the  works  of  genius 
and  of  persevering  industry,  which 
those  distant  au;  ■  and  countries 
have  transmitted  to  modern  obser- 
vation. If  critical  historians  have 
not  looked  too  much  at  the  records 
of  antiquity,  they  may  possibly 
have  looked  too  little  at  the  means 
of  recording;  and  hence  battles  and 
m:;~sacres  may  have  stained  some 
pages  on  which  science  and  art 
might  have  shed  a  fairer  renown, 
and  a  lustre  more  worthy  of  perpe- 
tuity, if  not  more  brilliant. 

In   prosecuting    the    enquiries 


h.r  e  sketched  out,  fre- 
quent reference  will  be  had  to  such 
of  the  existing  remains  of  the  arts 
oi  antiquity  ;h  may  now  be  ac- 
cessible to  our  view;  but  much  will 
still  be  involved  in  obscurity,  for 
much  is  unfortunately  lost  of  (he 
early  arts,  which  the  historians  of 
Rome  and  of  the  middle  ages  might 
have  examined;  and  much  more 
will  be  dimly  seen  by  the  glimmer- 
ings i^i'  failles  and  tualogy  |  yet 
some  interesting  truths  will  doubt- 
less arise  to  view,  with  which  the 
less  learned  part  of  our  readers  ma j 
be  pleased  to  be  mad'*  acquainted. 
Indigenous  to  every  soil,  the  imi- 
tative arts  have  expanded  with  su- 
perior vigour  in  the  more  genial 
i  limates,  »i;'i  the  expanding  facul* 
ties  of  man.  We  are  not  to  suppose 
that  the  several  modes  of  art  migrat- 
ed, like  man  himself  (according  to 
the  Mosaic  accounts),  from  coun- 
try to  country.  The  imperishable 
nature  of  the  substances  on  which 
some  of  them  were  anciently  exer- 
cised, concurs  with  the  testimony  of 
history,  the  discordant  pretensions 
of  the  ureal  nations  of  antiquity,  and 
the  observations  of  modem  disco- 
verers, to  persuade  us  that  more  na- 
tions than  one  may  justly  claim  the 
honour  of  having  invented  the  arts 

oi  Mo  J)  il,  1. 1  S(,  ,KNf,  RA\  i\<; .-(  I  1.1'- 
rtTBEj  and  PAINTING.  The  first 
of  these,  as  we  shall  shew,  was 
practised  in  Assyria  many  centu- 
ries    before     it    una    umenled    in 

GrREECl  ;  and  perhaps  A--VH1A, 
Hinoostax„  and  Egypt,  may 
with  equal  Justin  assert  their  claims 
to  the  spontaneous  production  of 
engraving  and  scw/ptwre;  and  i  hi  n  * 
may  contend  with  them  all  for  the 
palm  of  early  painting. 
The  human,  mind,  under  similar 


C  M  IT.     %ND     i      I  i  i  i     A  nTs. 


J 


circumstances,   will  be  impelled  to 
similar    pursuit*!       II    in    the    new 
world  (whose  parts  are  remote  from 
en  ii  otoei ,  separated   b\  *dan 
mis    seas,    ;irn!    without    means  of 
intercourse    with    each   other,    01 
■with    the  continents   of  Europe  of 
A  tin  '.  '  ■'!   criland  engraved  <  amx  - 
and  >\;u  implci  te  i    •  were  found  at 
ih'    Friendly  au<    Society   islands, 
picture-writing    at     Mexico,    :i n<l 
sculptured  idols  both  at  Ne*  Z 
laud   ami    the   Sandwich    Islands, 
there  is   little   r<  ason  to  < ?« »i i f >i    the 
double  invention   of  plastic    art    in 
the  work!  <it"  antiquity  ;    and   the 
poetical  and  interesting  story  \\  hie!, 
Pliny  nnd    Athcnagoras    agree    ia 
telling  of  the  Corinthian  m  iid,  the 
daughter  of  Dibutades,  may  b 
lieved,  even  though  if  Bhould  ap- 
;  esurfkun  history  and  indisputable 
facts,  that  modelling  andengnr 
ami   perhaps   sculpture  in  rel 
were  practised  in  the  more  eastern 
countries  forages  before,  and  white 
the  Greeks  were  yet- in  a  state  of 
barbarism. 

Even  the  scriptural  accounts  of 
imitative  art,  though  of  very  re- 
note  antiquity,  do  not  carry  us' back 
to  the  origin  of  cither  modelling, 
engraving,  sculpture,  embroidery, 
or  pointing.  That  the  latter  art  is 
of'  subsequent  invention  to  the  for- 
mer, appears  highly  probable  both 
from  the  testimony  nnd  the  silence 
of  Moses  and  of  Homer.  Thede- 
oaiogue,  which  forbad  the  Hebrews 
io  worship  craven  images,  says 
nothing  of  the  far  more  fascinating 
art  (to  the  senses  of  the  multitude) 
Of  painting — so   much    more   likely 

had  it  existed,  to  have  seduc  ".I 
them^from  the  worship  of  the  tine. 
but  unseen  Con!  ;  and  in  the  term 
idolatry,  so  often  repeated  in  holy 


writ,    as  v,    II    •  !i   of 

i,    we  trace    tli 
though  not  i be  irrvrntin   o(  Lhs  *  h  r 
of  the  Mom  i  '.i!<  .  fron 

Isili  chapter  of  G 
fhat  signets  (of  en;  n  >  d  -  •  .l-i 

•  ommon,  s    '  i  be  worn  by 

i     -  they 

info  flic 

I  i.nl    of  Egypt  :  ..a* 

we  learn   froi  >   f1"  i   of 

the  von"  bo  I  :    raoh  loos 

.ill'his  hand,  and  put  it  on 
the  hand  ui  Joseph.** 

When  Labnn  pursues,  and  over- 
hikes  Jacob,  he  reproach  folly 
U\  him,  "  Wherefore  |  i  gtc* 

len  away  my  <  ■  hr\ 

i  the  imagrs  and  put  them 
in  the  cam<  Ps  furnrtn 

FVom  Inis  \  »ssage  it  appears,  that 
the  worship  of  the  feraphfm,  lareiy 
or  household 
. 
practice  of  modelling,  may  be  trac- 
ed up  to  an  ;"i.i  which  preceded 
the  birth  of  Mbs 
( ledrerrus  further  assei  I 
ham  burn;  the  idols  of  Terafj  hi: 
and  that  Serog,  0  e  pro. 
for  of  Abraham,  ni    .  rh  in  de- 

scent from  Slu'in  r  h  ), 

as  well  as   I  <  rah,  was  a  modeller  of 
imag* 

It  is  therefore  probable  that 
same  plastic  material  of  which  the 
Babylonian   bricks 
and  With   which. 
Pentateuch,  B;d 
invited  the  hand,   and   called    | 
the  ingenuity  of  ihe  modeller: 
if  \\i  -  atety  relj  au- 

thority  of  Ceen*entnt   for  the   * 

rtie  Assyrian   ai  f  A- 

braham   were  fabricators  of  idols, 
we  might  listen  <  -  surprise 

to  the  occasional  backsliding*  and 


ANSWER    TO    C'tTTO. 


apdstaey  of  <?ir  Jews,  and  that 
pronenees  to  idolise  the  godfl  of 
(heir  Chaldean  progenitors,  which 
called  forth  the  repeated   censun 


and  severe  prohibition  of  their  legis. 
lator,  ami  which  is  snbsequeiuiy  la- 
mented by  their  prophets. 
(  To  be  continued.) 


TO  THE  EDITOR  OF  Till;  REPOSITORY,  fro. 

Sia,— The  information  requested  !      So  far  from  describing  the  eagle 

bjCmxro,    in   \  our   las!   number,  with  ruffled  plumes,  or  with  ariv  cir- 

.:n-  expression  in  the  first  Py-  cumatance  truly  pictnresqte,  Pindar 

tbian  ode  of  Pindar,  translated  In  has,  on  the  contrary,  avoided  every 

Vv  ,k,<  and  imitated  by  Mr.  Idea  that  might  disturb  the  repose 

I      .-.  waa  given  some  years  since  and  majestic  beauty  of  hit  ima  »•<■--. 

try    Mr.    Price,    in    his   Essay   on  :yi„  ,UTt*  tihpt,   is  so  opposite  to 

the  Picturesque;    but    previous  to  raffled,  that  it  seems  to  signify  that 

availing!                   •  observations,  perfect   smoothness  and    sleekness 

I  shall  notice  that  the  vemes  allml-  given  by  moisture,  that  oily  sup* 

cd  to  by  your  correspondent,  are  plcness  so  different  from  anything 

in  decade  ii.  of  the  first   Pythian  crisped  or  rumpled;  as  uy(df  ia*.». 

Ode  by  Mr.  West,  am!  in  the  Pro-  express  the  smooth,  suppling,  Uu- 


Poesy  by  Mr.  Grey,  from 
which  it  "will  appear  that  the  "  ruf- 


drying  quality  of  oil. 

The  learned   Christ  ianus  Da  mm, 


tied  plumes"  belong  to  Mr.  f.'rey,  I  in    bis   Lexicon,  interprets   kmkakt 

and  are  an  imitation  of  Mr.  West's  |]  typ,   yaT<m  aim^u,  dormiens  incurva- 
w  ruffling  leathers. "  |'  turn  (vel  potius  la  re)  tcrgits  Bttol- 

Mr.  Gilpin  having  quoted  Pin-  |j  lit  ;  and  the  action  is  that  of  a  gen- 
de»  i  iption   of  the  eagle  as 
equally   poetical  and    picturesque, 
Mr.  Price   observes,   that  Mr.    G. 
has  put  the  ruffled  plumage  in  Ha 


fie*,  as  the  circumstance  which 
nest  strongly  marks  that  character; 
and  that  Mr.  West  and  Mr.  Grey 
have  used  the  same  expression,  al- 
though there  is  not  the  least  trace 
of  it  in  the  original:  and  he  thinks 
that  Mr.  West  and  Mr.  Grey  might 
probably  have  been  impressed  with 
the  same  idea  as  Mr.  Gilpin,  that 
the  imagery  in  this  paasage  was 
highlj  picturesque,  but  might  have 
felt  that  smooth  feathers  could  not 

id  with  that  character:  and 
therefore  perhaps  (as  Sir  Joshua 

inhls   observes    on   Algatotti's 

ill-founded  eulogium  of  a  picture 

of  Titian}*,  "  they  (hose  to   find  in 

l     v  li.it     they     thought     they 

I  to  ha\e  found." 


tie  heaving,  from  respiration,  dur- 
ing a  quiet  repose,  [q  another 
place  Daium  interprets  ly^m;,  mol- 
lities ;  all  equally  opposite  ro  ruffed. 
Indeed  we  might  almost  suppose 
that  Pindar,  having  intended  4o 
represent  an  image  both  sublime 
and  beautiful,  had  avoided  every 
thing  that  might  disturb  its  still 
and  solemn  grandeur;  for  he  has 
thrown  as  it  were  into  shade,  the 
most  marked  and  picturesque  fea- 
ture  of  thai    noble   bird  ;    fuAjwikrii 

a'nri  01  ts<J9:Xa»  asyxvAw  xj«ti,  (ihitya-^oiv  Lou 

**.x^T{ov,  y.ccTix^'-m  ',  a  feature  which 
Homer,  in  a  simile  full  of  action 
and  picturesque  imagery,  has  placed 

in  its  fullest  light  : 

0»  o  uo~t*  ettyvmct  yctfj-^utv^K;,  ayy,i}.c~ 
I J  T   ■     p"  il>r,}.r'ij.<ya.?.x  >.KxKr^Ti  /xa^enTai, 


7:* 


TO  THE  EDITOR  OF  THE  REPOSITORY,  A 

Observing  in  your  first  ii  u  in  -  tcr  than  a  loaf  of  bread  or  a  piece 

ber  an  account  of  the  method  of  meat. 

making  coffee   in   Germany,    and  The  use  of  coffee  appears  01 

sensible  thai  the  use  of  it  in  tin's  nally  to  have  been  introduced   by 

epuntrv  lias  surprisingly  increased  the  prior  of  an  Arabian  monastery, 

since  the  reduction  of  duty  took  v.  ho  being  informed  of  its  cfl 

place,  I  .un  induced  to  send  you  on    the    goats   thai    browned    the 

some  account  of  the  history  of  that  young  trees,  gave  an  infusion  of 

article;  from  which  it  will  appear,  the  berries  to  his  monks,  in  order  to 

that  in  the  course  of  less  than  four  prevent  an   inclination   fot   steep, 

centuries  a  berry  lias  made  its  way  which  interfered  with  their  noctur« 

almost  through  the  whole  civilised  nal  devotions.    The  author  of  aa 

world,   which   was   before    known  Arabian  manuscript  now  in  the  Bi* 

only  as  an  article  of  luxury,   or  biiotkeque  National*,  ascribes  the 

food  to  a  few  savage  tribes  on  the  introduction  of  this  beverage  into 

borders  of  Abyssinia.     The  Greeks  Arabia  to   Megaleddin,    mufti   of 
and  the  Romans  were  entirely  un- 1|  Aden,  about  the  middle  of  the  fif- 


acquainted  with  coffee.  It  is  not 
mentioned  in  anj  of  the  European 
Writers  who  were  engaged  iu  the 
crusades,  from  which  (although  it 
is  said  to  have  been  found  both  in 


[  teenth  century.  From  A  din,  this 
new  luxury  rapidly  extended  it- 
self to  Mecca,  Medina,  and  Grand 
Cairo,  and  was  received  with  equal 
avidity    even    at    Constantinople; 


a  wild  and  cultivated  state  in  Syria    but  here  it  had  to  encounter  political 

iVom  time  immemorial)  it  is  evident  as  well  as  religious  obstacles,  and 
that  it  could  not  have  been  used  coffee-houses  were  prohibited  :  but 
during  the  twelfth  or  thirteenth  the  enthusiasm  of  religion  gave way 
centuries,  either  in  medicine  or  do-  j  to  the  seductive  influence  of  sensi- 
niestie  economy.  That  the  quali-  ,  live  enjoyment:  and  if  political 
tics  of  it  were  known  in  Africa,  is    sagacity  had  not  discovered  the  pos- 

conteiuled  for  by  the  Abbe  Kaynal     sibilitj  of  coffee-houses    becoming 

and  Bruce;  the  latter  of  whom  tells  the   nurseries  of  sedition  and  the 
us,  thai  the  Gallse,  a  wandering  na-  rendezvous  of  the  disaffected,  they 
lion   ol   Africa,   being  obliged   to  would  not   have  been  again   sup- 
traverse  immense  deserts  in  their  pressed   from   motives  of  religions 
incursions  on  Abyssinia,  carry   no  consideration. 
provision  but  coffee  roasted  till  it        The\  wereat  length  suffered  to  ei-. 
can  be  pulverized,  and  then  mixed  ^  1st  rather  ealousy  than 
with   butter   to   a  consistency  that  1  encouragement, not  withstanding  the 
-will  sutler  it  tobe  rolled  up  in  balls.  '  great  revenue  whi<  h  they  yield 
one    of  which,  about   the  size  <A   a  Making  coffee  for  the  public-  is  now 
billiard-ball,  is  said  to  be  sufficient  >  considered  of  so  much  importance, 
to  keep  them  in  health  and  spirits  that  it  is  under  the  inspection  of  seven 
during  a  whole  day's  fatigue,  bet-  principal  officers,  who  have  each  oi 
No.  If   Vol  1.                                 L 


XATURAL    HISTORY    OF    COFrnn. 


them  about  thirty  subordinates  em- 
ployed  under  them,  in  preparing 
this  favourite  beverage;  and  it  is 
laid,  that  a  refusal  to  supply  a  wife 
with  coffee,  is  among  the  legal 
grounds  for  obtaining  a  divprce. 
The  first  mention  of  coffee  in  the 
west  of  Europe  is  bjf  Kauw'ff,  in 
157  I.  The  tree  was  accurately  de- 
scribed in  1591,  by  Prosper  Alpi- 
nus.  Its  u^o  as  a  beverage  is  no- 
ticed bv  two  relish  travellers, 
fiiddulpfa  i»  l§63,  and  William 
Finch  in  1607.  In  IblJ,  PetiodeUa 
Valle  writes  from  Constantinople, 
that  he  should  bring  some  coffee, 
which  he  believed  was  a  thing  un- 
lcnown  in  this  comitri/.  In  France 
it  was  Hist  introduced  at  Marseilles 
in  1644.  In  1660,  several  bales 
were  imported  from  Egypt,  and  in 
1671  a  coffee-house  was  opened  at 
Marseilles,  ft  was  fust  brought  to 
Paris  in  1657,  by  that  celebrated 
traveller  Thcvenot,  but  was  very 
little  known.  lu  1669,  it  was  more 
generally   introduced    by  Soliman 

.  ambassador  from  Sultan  Ma- 
homet IV".  and  in  1672  a  co 
house  was  opened  by  an  Armenian 
named  Pascal,  who  afterwards  re- 
moved to  London.  But  the  mm' 
of  coffee  as  a  beverage  had  !:<  i  n 
known  in   England  from  the  year 

',  when  a  Turkish  merchant, 
named  Daniel  Edwards,  brought 
home  with  him  a  Greek  servant, 
named  Pasqua,  who  understood  Ihe 
method  of  roasting  and  preparing 
it.  This  man  n  is  the  first  who  pub- 
licly sold  coffee;   and  kept  a  house 

for  thai  purpose  in  George-yard, 

Lombard-street,  The  first  mention 
of  coffee  in  our  statute  books  occurs 
in  IbGO  (lit!.  Charles  II.  c.  21), 
and  a  duty  of  Id.  per  gallon  was 
levied  upon  the  maker.     In  1663, 


it  was  enacted,  that  all  coffee-houses 
should  be  licensed  at  the  quarter 
sessions  for  the  county.  In  1675, 
(hey  were  shut  up  by  proclamation 
for  a  shor'  period,  as  seminaries  of 
sedition.  Since  this  period,  they 
are  frequ<  ntly  mentioned  in  our  sta- 
tute books,  but  merely  with  a  view 
to  the  regulation  of  the  duties  upon 
the  article  of  coffee.  In  France  and 
(  fesmany,  coffee  is  usually  made 
stronger  than  in  England:  a  lively 
French  writer  has  observed,  that 
the  English  care  little  about  the 
quality,  if  they  <*et  but  enough 
of  it.  Dr.  FothergiU  was  of  opi- 
nion, that  if  the  poor  and  middling 
classes  could  procure  it  reasonable, 
and  be  sufficiently  supplied,  it 
would  be  much  more  nourishing  and 
beneficial  than  the  wretched  beve- 
rage of  ordinary  tea,  in  which  they 
now  indulge.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  thesis,  entitled  Potus  Caffieasy 
delivered  by  a  Swedish  student  at 
Upsal,  and  published  \\\\\\cAmc- 
mtates  Academicce,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Linnaeus  himself,  is  a  sar- 
castic, en  ten  a  in  in  g  invective  against 
the  introduction   of  this  novel  lux- 

j  ury  :   he  gives   a   ludicrous    list   of 

|  the  expensive  utensils  required  for 
its  use  in  (he  fashionable  style,  which 

,  the  vanity  of  his  country-women 
would  not  suffer  them  to  forego; 
and  enumerates,  with  triumphant 
satisfaction,  the  long  train  of  bodily 
(ii  orders  which  it  was  likely  to  ge- 
nerate. Hut  if  we  are  to  credit  Dn 
Tour,  if  banishes  languor  and  anx- 
iety, gives  those  who  drink  if  a 
pleasing  sensation  of  their  own  well- 

!  being,  ami  diffuses  through  the 
whole  frame  a  vivifying  delightful 
warmth.  It  is  also,  according  to 
(his  writer,  highly  favourable  to 
the  social  virtue^  promotes  cheer- 


CAST    OF    THE    Wl .«  I     INDIA    PIANTI   "c. 


75 


ful  conversation,  sharpens  (In-  ca- 
pacity for  wit,  smooths  the  wrink- 
led brow,  and  is  tometimes  able  to 
ro/ir.  •'  enemies  into  friends.  As  ii 
produces  or  aggravates  hysterical 
and  bypocondriacal  affections,  Tis- 
toi  cautions  literary  and  sedentary 
people  against  its  use:  buttothotc 
who  are  inclined  to  trim  the  mid- 
night lamp,  if  cannot  but  prove  ac- 
ceptable ;    but   Mm  V  \     'lid   do  well 

to  use  it  rather  .is  an  occasional  re- 
freshment, than  as  a  constant  be- 
verage.     Dr.    FothergiO    thought 

w  1st    i  \  i>i  \    (oiTii:    ivrnii  i  in. 
17f)3    cwt()o,M7  J7!)<>,     c«l  ;i,;n  17' 

1794,  130,341  I;    17,  li".  ,474 

1793,         199,370  1798,  in.  1801,  1 


the   I  r<ni  li    pr  ti  in  '■    of  drinking 
coffee    immediately   after    dinner, 
imieii  better  than  our  plan  ol  | 
porting  ii  to  1  later  bow :  thai,  ^<- 

any  lit'',    it    DTtlfi   prove  a  de  irable 

substitute  for  the  bottle,  which,  in 
England  and  the  northern  pai  I 
Europe,  detains  (he  gentlemen  at 
the  dinner-table  so  long  after  the 

clotfi  is  withdrawn,  to  the  injury  af 

their  fortunes,  and  too  often  to  the 

still  greater  injury  of  their  health 
and  happiness. 


1802,    cwt 
lb 'J  J, 


WERT    INDIA    AM)    POBEIGN    PLANTATION. 

1805,  cwt.jo9,9ia  ibid,  cwt 815,710  li"7,  Mrt.4 10,943 


TO  THE  EDITOR  OF  THE  REPOSITORY  OF  ARTS,   fee. 

for  October  w  ere  calculated  to  make 


Tnr.  distresses  of  the  West  India  i 
colonies   have  been   so  fully    sub- 
stantiated and  proved,  that  it  may 
be  assumed   as  a  fact,    respecting 
which  there  can  be  no  difference  of 


on  the  public  mind. 

In  th"  account  of  M  A  short  Ap- 
peal  to  the  Landed  Interest  of  this 
Country?*  after  quoting  an  o 
opinion.  The  causes  which  have  vation  from  thepamphlet,"  that  the 
produced  this  situation  of  things,  West  India  interest  hare  a  right 
and  the  remedies  which  have  been  to  relief  from  government,  **  the 
adopted  for  the  relief  of  the  West  writer  of  the  lleview  boh!.. 
India  planters,  are  subjects  which     "that  the  embarrassments  of  that 


have   occasioned  considerable    dis- 
cussions both  in  and  out  of  doors  : 


both/,  however,  it  has  Oca  most 
\  clearly  shewn,  have  arisen  front 
but  1  cannot  help  remarking,  that  in  shortsighted  and  erroneous 
defiance  of  fact,  and  almost  in  con-  lotions;**  and  then  asks,  "on  what 
tempt  of  conviction,  there  are  per-  principle  is  a  government  to  relieve 
sons  who,  with  an  obstinacy  more  pi  rsons  ;.'...,  fall  into  difficul 
wilful  than  error,  impute  these  dis-     /  fu 


tresses  to  cver\  cause  but  that  v. 
reason  and  common  sense  point 
as  the  (rue  one.     The  letter  wl 


After  a  very  weak,  illogical,  an  '  ir- 
rant  illustration   of  this  argu- 

nce   to   the  losses 


1    had  written  with   a   view    to    its  v.  Inch    a    merchant    o\    the  utmost 

insertion    m    the    first   number   o\  ability  and   W.  ment 

your  Repository,  was  intended  to  &tinpr** 

remove  the  impressions  which  some  f  which  he  ha                no 

observations  in  the  Monthly  Review  .                  .  ^ver 


re 


CAT   or   Tnc    WEST    I\m.\    PLAXTEE8, 


•fain  asis,  "can  (he  trader,  whom  '  the  distresses  which  the  West  India 


ruin  threatens  in  consequence  of  his 
own  speculations,  prefer  the  petition 

h«  re  MAiir  rnn  him?  and  have 
bodies  of  men  any  right  in  this  re- 
spect which  the  individuals  have 
not  ?  " 

Siilldealing  out  interrogatories,  he 


planters  have  felt,  and  stdl  continue 
to  feel,  and  I  may  at  another  oppor- 
tunity send  you  some  remarks  upon 
that  subject  ;  !  shall  at  present  only 
trespass  upon  your  patience  a  little 
longer,  by  opposing  the  arguments 
of  the  monthly  reviewer  in  Deccni- 


asks, "  if  the  West  India  d  bales  ,  ber,  to  the  arguments  (if  they  can  be 
has  speculated  wildly,  why  is  the  \  called  arguments)  of  the  monthly 
economy  of  the  husbandman  to  In  reviewer  in  October. 
disturbed  suddenly,  and  at  an  urn-  \  [n  reviewing  An  Inquiry  into  the 
seasonable  moment,  his  arm  to  In  Policy  and  Justice. of  the  Prohfti* 
paralyzed,  and  his  profits  diminish-'    tion  of  the   Use  of  Grain  in  the 


"  '"Had  it  been  simply  pro. 
posed,"  he  adds,  '"to  leave  the 
distilh  r-    to  make  use  of  grain  or 


Distilleries,  by  A.  Hell,  Esq.  advo- 
cate, the  reviewer  observes,  Wv  That 
the  natural  effect  of  excess  in  curing 


sugar  at  their  own  discretion,  this!  itself,  although  the  proposition  is  in- 
would  have  been  to  restore  the  au-  !  controvertible,  it  has  so  happened, 


thority  of  an  important  principle 
which  reason  and  experience  join 
in  establishing;  to  such  an  enact- 
ment no  objection  could  hate  been 
modi  ! " 

If  these  observations  convey  any 
distinct  idea,  it  is  simply  this  :  That 
want  of  skill  and  foresight  have  be- 
trayed the  West  India  planters  and 
"dealers"  into  "erroneous"  and 
\U"  "  speculations,"  and  that 
they  have  no  right  to  ask,  or  govern- 
ment to  grant  them,  relief'. 

That  men  who  have  not  the 
means  of  information  should  fall 
into   common  errors  upon  this  04 


that  the  addition  to  our  imports  by 
the  capture  of  the  Danish  islands 
has  prevented  any  perception  of 
its  operation.  It.  is  but  justice, 
however,  to  the  West  India  body 
to  state,  that  the  advocates  for  the 
discouraging  plan  of  decreasing  the 
produce,  have  looked  only  to  one 
side  of  the  question.  They  have  fel( 
the  excess  of  our  import, and  ascribed 
that  excess  to  the  planter,  without 
considering  that,  were  the  planter 
left  at  Liberty,  the  excess  would  not 
exist.  1 1  is  not  the  magnitude  of 
our  crops    which  gluts   our   sugar 


market,  it  is  the  law,  which  enacts, 

Ml,  is  not  al  all  to  be  wonder-  !  that  the  whole  of  these  crops  shall 
cd  at  :  but  that  men,  not  only  pos-  be  sent  to  that  market.  Not  only 
sessing  all  the  means  of  information,  must  the  crops  of  the  old  British 
but  professing  to  direct  the  judg-  j  colonies  be  sent  to  the  mother  coun- 
ment  of  others,  should  restate  these  ;  try,  but  all  our  conquests  are  sub- 
calumnies,  which  have  been  BUD-jjject  to  the  same  regulation.  No 
Manually  disproved  before  the  J  allowance  is  made  for  the  increased 
House  of  Commons,  and  which  they  jj  quantity,  nor  any  deduction  for  the 


do  not  themselves  credit,  is  (to  say 

the  least)  indecorous  and  improper. 
It  was  my  intention  to  have  en-  I 


difficulty  of  export  during- a  state  of 
war. 

"Under such  a  system   as   this, 


lered  fully  into  the  real  causes  of    the  remedy  which  is  proposed. 


TIM  1. 113    FROM     ITALY. 


77 


progressive  re  [action,  cannot  ope- 
I  no  sooner  hfl  1  a  dimi- 

mitioii  to  a  given  extent  1  iken  |»I  ta 
hv  the  abandonment  of  t i • « -  leu  fcf- 
tile  estates,  than  the  void  thui  pnin- 
fully  created  is  filled  upbj  tho  in- 
troduction of  ingan  from  a  new 
conquest. 


(fir  Slli!lir  market   1 

its  real  cause  —tin-  compul 

pdrt but  fa  Mil  dive  <ii  - 

lion  <>i  11 
In  page  40  >  the  H 
Mr.  Hell,"  with  falling  into  I 

the  distress's 
of  the  Rugar* planter!  to  tln-ir 


"  Such  Ikjs  been  the  unjust  open-  ,  ipeculatiom  ,   without  considering, 
tion  of  oar  colonial  system  of  late    thatspcculationwouldbe  more  hurt- 


years,  that,  while  with  one  hand 
we  have  been  compelling  the  plant- 


1  Jul  in  this  than  in  other  bi  1 
trade,  were  the  pi  inters  at  liberty  to 
en  toredace  the  amount  of  (heir,  sell  their  sugar  us  they  thought  fit.'-' 
produce,  we  have  been  depriving!      [ahull  not  lake  up^  more  of  yonj: 


them  with  the  otherof  the  benefit  of 
that  redaction.'1     Again, 

"  li"  by  such  conquests  we  alter 
the  situation  of  our  colonics,  it  is 
incumbent  on  us,  in  justice  and  in 
policy,  to  alter  our  system  towards 
these  colonies. 

Wain  the  reviewer  says,  li  They 
(the  West  India  body )  have  been 
praying  relief  when  they  ought  to 
have  been  demanding  justice :  an 
idea  lias  consequently  been  diffused, 
that  they  are  the  sole  authors  of 
their  own  distress,  and  the  glut  of 


paper  than  merely  to  express  mv 
surprise,  thai  sentiments  so  entirely 
inconsistent  with  each  (»ther,  should 
find  a  place  in  the  same  public  ition. 
You  cannot  doubt  my  acquiescence 
,  with  a  considerable  part  of  what  is 
advanced  in  these  latter  esti 
but  pray  assist  me.  if  yon  can,  to 
reconcile  principles  and  tssertiouf 
so  totally  and  diametrically  opp  It 
!i  other. 

OcCIDEMALIS. 

Jan.  '20,   1S09. 


^Vr.  have  great  pleasure  in  presenting  to  our  readers  a  series  of  lett.  :     1 
Italy,  to  ■  friend  in  London,   during  the  year  1802.     W 
den  have  been  able  to  explore  the  scenes  to  which  they  relate,  since  tie 
our  traveller's  return.     These  letters  claim  the  merit  of  having  been  •'•  die 

places  which  they  describe,  or  to  which  they  refer,  a  m<  rit  at  least un< 
the  present  age  of  "  manufacturing  tours."  But  their  pretensions  to  pul 
are  of  a  higher  nature,  and  if  the  editor  is  not  biassed  in  h  :i  by  the  indis- 

creet partiality  of  friendship,  he  ventures  to  assure  his  that  lhe\ 

be  found  to  contain  the  enlightened  observations  and  scientific  details  1  I 
judgment  and  refined  taste,  exercised  upon  the  most  ig  objects  to  b< 

with  amid  the  varied  scenes  of  classic  ground. 

LETTER  I. 


Naples,  April — ,  IS02. 

Deab  T. 

My  last  was  dated  at  Mes- 


beautiful  bay  of  Naple  hip 

has  almost  removed  my  strong  aver- 
sion to  mat  itime  conveyances;  th- 


jiiki,  from  whence  I  Bailed  a  week     weather  was  delightful,   the  wind 

ago  in  the — ;    and  in  less  than  |  fair,   the  accommodations 

three  days  we  cast  anchor  in  the  |  comfortable,   and  the  attention  and 


T  T.  ITERS    moM    1TAT.T. 


hospitality  of  our   worthy   captain 
kind  In  the  extranet 

We  passed  during  the  night  thro' 
the  Faro  of  Messina,  and  the  oner 
formidable  Straits  of  Scylla  and 
C harvbdis,  with  all  the  uncenceru 
■Bid  sang  froid  of  true  I>ritish  sail- 
ors. Mv  classic  fears  had  prompt- 
ed me  to  read  to  the  captain  the 
speech  of  Helenus  to  ^Eneas  in  the 


the  raging  element;   and  T  think  i(. 
rery  probable,  that  by  theas  means 

the kingdoms  of  Naples  and  Sicily 
arc  in  some  decree  preserved  from 
lestrui  tion.  Thai  they  are  net  en- 
tirely sufficient  for  this  salutary 
purpose,  we  have  reason  to  con- 
t  hide  from  the  calamitous  earth- 
quakes to  whicb  Messina  and  Oa- 
I a  1  > i  i a  have  at   various  prriods  been 


third   !  :ok  of    Virgil,    which    he  II  exposed.     On  the  other  hand,  it  is 


treated  with  sovereign  contempt, 
declaring  the  venerable  seer  to  be 
no  better  than   an  old  woman,   and 

the  whole  story  a  d d  h g, 

The  event,  certainly,  was  by  ne 
means  calculated  to  raise  the  Maro- 
nian  nautics  in  my  estimation,  and 
in  some  measure  justified  the  cup- 
tain's  blunt  and  severe  sentence. 

Jiut  my  fears  were  .soon  after- 
wards more  sensibly  affected  by  a 
strong  sulphureous  vapour,  which 
pervaded  every  part  of  the  vessel, 
and  induced  me  to  believe  it  was  on 
fire:  1  instantly  hurried  from  my 
cot,  but  on  enquiry,  learned,  to  in y 
great  relief,  that  the  smell  which 
had  alarmed  me  proceeded  from 
Mount  Stromboli,  a  burning  vol- 
cano, then  about  six  miles  distant. 
1  did  not  regret  the  interruption  of 
my  sleep,  and  all  my  fears  were 
suspended  in  contemplating  the 
truly   sublime  spectacle    from   the 


but  fair  to  acknowledge,  that  these 
convulsions  of  nature  have  some- 
times 1  n  attended  with  beneficial 
consequences ;  since  the  Lipari 
Islands  evidently,  and  probably  a!- 
so  the  Straits  ol  Messina,  owe  their 
.  uce  to  volcanic  revolutions 
anterior  to  the  records  of  history. 

On  the  — th,  early  in  the  morn- 
ing, A\e  sailed  through  the  straits 
between  the  island  of  Capri  a&dthe 
territory  of  Sorrento.  The  former, 
once  the  theatre  of  the  beastly  re- 
vels of  the  crafty  tyrant  Tiberius, 
is  now  inhabited  by  a  few  humble 
monks  and  poor  fishermen :  seme 
of  its  ancient  and  ///venerable  ruins 
were  distinctly  visible  from  our 
ship,  and  their  sequestered  site  in- 
d:i(  ed  a  recollection  of  the  nefari- 
ous and  brutish  scenes  transacted 
w  ithtn  their  walls,  so  faithfully  and 
con  amove  depicted  by  Suetonius: 
with  these,  however,  I  took  (are 
not   to  acquaint  our   good  captain, 


quarter-deck,   which  the  Bamcsex 
hibited:   this  you  will  easily  credit  •  Ie4  I  should  experience  a  similar 
when  I   inform  you,  that  even  at  so  \  rebuff  to  the  one  J  received  between 
great  a  distance  the  objects  onboard    Scyllaand  Cbarybdis. 
were  so  illumined  as  to  cause  a  very         The  disgusting  train  of  ideas  eli- 
perceptible   shadow.       It    is    more     cited   by   the  view    of  Capri,  was 
than  probable,  that  the  whole  space 
between    Mounts  .T'.tnn  and    Vesu- 
vius forms  connected  receptacles  of 
materials  for  subterraneous  fire,  and 
that  those  mountains  ami  Stromboli 
serve  as  occasional    vomitories   of 


soon  wiped  away  by  a  contrast  of 

scene,  infinitely  more  pleasing.  On 
leaving  the  strait,  we  at  once  en- 
tered the  bay  of  Naples,  and  be- 
held the  city  with  its  beautiful 
mole,  castles,  and  churches;  Misc- 


LKifEiit   I  rom    i  r At.r . 


79 


num,  BajflS,  I'o/zuoli,  and  Mount 
Pesilipe  on  the  l*  it ;  vesuviu 
Portici  on  the  i  i,rh< ;  St.  Fhnoand 
Capo  di  Monte  in  the  rear  i  a  pro- 
spect celebrated  by  i  \  <  i  >  traveller 
for  its  grandeur  and  sublimity,  yet 
far  exceeding  an}  description  I  bad 
read  of  it  i  in  m \  estimation)  i'  i> 
indeed  beyond  the  power  of  lan- 
guage to  describe.     A  panorama  of 

Naples  would  be  a  ho-di  treat    lo  our 

London  loungers,  I'M  I  the  materials 
tor  its  execution  might  be  procured 

at    :i   trifling  expence  f. some 

of  the  skilful  scene-painters  in  this 
place. 

Having  coma  from  Messina,  the 
quarantine   formalities  were  brief. 

.As  soon  as  I  once  more  fell  myself  on 
terra  /ir/mi,  ray  enquiries  were  tor  ;i 
French  inn,  in  conformity  to  the  ad- 
vice 1  received  at  Messina  from  a 
British  merchant,  who  having  seve- 
ral times  travelled  over  Italy,  ob- 
served, that  to  travellers  who  were 
not  rich,  the  inns  kept  by  French- 
men proved  a  desirable  medium  be- 
tween the  expensive  cleanliness  of 
English  hotels  abroad,  and  the  cheap 
tilth  of  native  accommodations.  The 
house  of  Madame  Gasse,  on  Mount 
Olivete,  being  recommended  to  me, 
I  enquired  tor  a  porter  to  carry  my 
small  portmanteau,  pistols,  &c.  In 
an  instant  tour  (more  than  half- 
naked)  Lazzaroni  grasped  the  tour 
separate  parcels  ot*  my  baggage, 
and  were  ready  to  start  with  me  to 
the  city.  I  remonstrated  in  vain 
that  the  whole  was  hut  a  moderate 
load  tor  a  lad  of  fifteen  :  a  simulta- 
neous and  unintelligible  [argon  of 
the  four  savages  v\as  all  the  answer 
I  received,  and  to  which  I  had  no 
alternative  but  that  of  submission, 
fully  expecting  to  see  my  property 
travel  in  as   many  diiicrent  diiec- 


'  lions.     In  thii  mi  picion,  bon 

I  \\:i*  fortUTl  il<  I  v  mistaken  ■  bag  lad 

baggage  arrived  sale  with  theirown* 
er.ii  Madame Gasee't.  Thewwatd 
of  their  labour  was  the  next  point, 
to  be  adjusted,  and  there,  »s  th« 
\  id-  ir  phrase  is,  I  was  a  mat*  h  fi  r 
them.    To  the  one  that  carried  the 

portmanteau,    as    chief  of  tin 

pedition,  I  banded  thtee  nrlins 
(about  r><1.),  with  111  ■  liberty  of  re- 
compensing his associatei according 
I  to  their  respective  merits.  This 
suggestion  he  obeyed  moat  literally, 

for  he  set  oil' in  an  instant  with  all 
',  the  money  in  hi-,  pocket,  leaving  the 
other  three  on  my  hands,  clamor- 
ously insisii:,^  upon  immediafepav  - 
meni.  Seeing  no  other  way  to  ml 
myself  of  their  importunities,  1  a- 
droitly  shitted  the  scene  ot  action 
:  to  the  passage,  slipt  into  my  room 
again,  and  bolted  the  door.  Their 
cries  were  now  converted  into  a 
complete  war-whoop,  which  brought 
up  some  persons  belonging  to  the 
house,  who,  on  my  explaining  to 
them  from  within  the  matter  at  is- 
sue, fairly  turned  the  whole  of  their 
Lazzaroniships  out  of  doors. 

A  rencontre  like   this,  you  may 
well  suppose,  dear  '1'.   was  not  cal- 
culated to  bias  my  first  impressi 
in  favour ofa  people,  with  whom  f 
intended  to  make  some  stay.     The 
succeeding  adventure,  however,  al- 
though another — but  gentler — spe- 
cies of  imposition,  most  seaso  tably 
corrected  the  irritated  state  of  my 
I  feelings.     A  Franciscan  friar,  with 
i  a  charming  nosegay  and  a  b 
'  containing  three  oranges,   m 
'  stepped  in  :   H  The   prior  and  bro- 
thers of  our  congregation  hav 
voured  me  with  the  grateful  ta 
j  offering  to  you,  illustrious  Srr,  our 
j  congratulations  on  your  safe  arrival 


! 


LEI  ri:m  rnoM   11  \t.v  . 


in  this  capital,  with  our  best  wishes  (I  ing  to  be  permitted  now  and  then 
and  prayers  foi  your  speedy  reoo-  '  to  enquire  after  my  health,  respect- 


very.  We  entreat  your  accept- 
ance of  (his  produce  of  our  garden, 
uch  beneath  the  m  rits  of  tfom 
exalted  person,  as  the  only  token  of 
sincerity  which  the  poverty  of  St. 
Francis  enables  us  10  present  to 
\ou."  This  address,  you' will  al- 
low, contained  no  indifferent  spe- 
cimen of  monastic  rhetoric;   it  was 


fully  withdrew. 

This  was  not  the  only  visit  I  re* 
oeived  of  the  same  kind,  although 
the  only  one  that  had  to  boast  of 
any  other  return  than  my  best 
thanks. 

Having  sent  for  a  lacquah  dr 
place*)  a  being  with  a  cocked  hat, 
silk    stockings,     and    silver   shoe- 


eloquent,  kind,  and,  above  all.  flat-  buckles  (which,  if  flattened,  might 
iering.  But  for  the  "  speedy  re-  have  served  as  frames  to  a  moderate* 
coyery,"  I  should  have  felt  highly  sired  cabinet  picture),— soon  made 
pleased.  What!  do way  very  looks  U  his  appearance.     His  daily  w 


betray  inward  disease  to  one  who 
never  saw  me  before  ?  With  civi- 
lity and,  I  dare  say,  with  a  trem- 
bling accent,  I  requested  an  expla- 
nation on  this  delicate  point,.  u  If 
I  have  erred,  sir,  it  was  from  hav- 
ing espied  that  vial  before  1  Looked 
at  voui  countenance/'    Neither  St. 


I  being  settled  at  five  carinas,  I  in- 
quired his  name,  to  which  he  re- 
plied with  gnat  gravity,  "  1  am 
called  Don  Giuseppe   Filiberti,  or 

(  briefly  Don  (  .  or,  if  your 

excellency  pleases,  Giuseppe  vrilh~ 

out    ceremorrj ."     I    preferred  the 

ceremonious  appellation,  and 


Francis  nor  your  humble  servant  indeed,  for  his  pride,  should  have 
were  the  losers  by  this  eclaircisse*  abbreviated  Don  Giuseppe Filibcrti 
incut.  !  into  simple  doe,  if  the  Neapolitan 

Substituting  a  dollar  for  the  half-     idiom  would  have   sanctioned  such 
crown  which  I  had  already  destined     a  degradation.      Von  must  know, 


to  give  to  this  adroit,  but  good-na- 


every  body  here  is  a  Don.     This 


tnred  monk,  and  kindly  thanking  epithet  is  one  of  the  many  remains 
him  for  all  the  pretty  things  he  had  0f  the  language  and  manners  of  the 
said,  1  observed  to  him,  that  he  j  Spaniards,  who  for  a  considerable 
appeared  10  be  perfectly  correct,  time,  and  not  very  long  since,  were 
although  he  had  drawn  a  false  con- I  in   possession   of  the   kingdom   of 


elusion,— that  illness  had  brought 


Naples.       Nor   is    Don   alone  sulli- 


me  to  Naples;  but  that,  whatever  cient,  when  they  mean  to  be  very 
rny  countenance  might  indicate,  the  Vly\\  ((1  yOU  .  (hey  will  address  you 
contents  of  the  vial  in  the  window  Signor  Don  Tommaso,  give  yon 
wesf  rather  intended  to  re-establish  eccelenza,  illusirissimo,  and  other 
the  looks  of  my  boot-lops  than  those  inflated  titles,  which  they  are  at  DO 
of  my  fate.  The  \  enerable  father  |()v,  |1()U  |()  vary,  as  the  ca>e,  or 
paid  a  neat  compliment  to  English  rather  their  ideas  of  courtesy,  may 
ingenuity,  bowed  affectionately  for  require. 
the  small  donation,  assured  me  that  |      Although  in  the  month  of  April, 

the  mineral  waters  with  which  the 

environs  of  the  city  abound,   would         «  A  mnn-*eront  hired  by  the  flay  to 
in  effect  my  cure,  and,  request-;  direct  strangers  through  the  town. 


I.l   I  .  i  ii  1    PROM     i 


We  bare  had  a  transient  shower  of 
•-non  since  m\  ai  rival;  j  on  ihdnld 
have  seen  the  poor  Neapolitans 
hurrying  through  the  streets*,  muf- 
fled up  to  their  chins  in  cloaks  and 
it-coats.  I  verily  believe  an 
eruption  of  their  neighbour  Vesu- 
vius could  not  have  affected  them 
more  sensibly.  Indeed,  my  ideas  of 
an  Italian  spring  have  more  than 
once  required  modificationi  The 
sun  ( when  unobstructed )  is  already , 
without  doubt,  much  warmer  than 

in  England,  but  since  my  arrival 
this  h:is  seldom   been    the  ease:    we 

have  had  an  almost  constant  succes- 
sion of  showers  and  bleak  winds.  I 
have  often   longed  lor  an  English 

fireside,  bid  am  under  the  neces- 
sity of  contenting  myself  with  a 
charcoal  fire,  brought  into  the 
apartment  in  a  large  brass  pan  made 
tor  the  purpose.  This  mode  of 
warming  the  rooms,  although  per- 
fectly conformable  to  the  customs 

of   antiquity,    very   soon  occasions 

the  bead-ach  to  persons  who  are 
not  accustomed  to  it :  between  this 
however,  and  the  alternative  of  sit- 
ting in  a.  cold  damp  room  with  a 
atone  or  .stucco  floor,  you  areobHg-  : 
ed  io  elect.  Trav<  Hers,  neverthe- 
less,  have  extolled  the  charms  of  an 
Italian  spring ;  to  which  I  can  only 
say,  that  I  perceive  very  little  dif- 
fi  rence  between  the  vernal  appear- 
ance  of  Campania   Felice  and  the,; 


couutj  of  Mid  I  ition 

: .  .-ii  this  time  v<    •■  little  1  rth  i 
\  am  ed  in  the  formei .  and,  n ith  the 
pt  ion  of  the  oral  and 

i  be  rest  of  'he  e\  i  i 
dure  in    both  is   much   il 

Poplars   are  but    just  bud. I 

the  fruit  Lrei  push  out. 

their  bloatoms.     Hyacinths,  ..dips, 

and  violets,    are    the  only  flov.         I 
ha\  e  yel  seen  in  llie  open  air.     ' 

inn!  cotntne  <  Ik  i  >> 
J  [ere,  you  will  say,     a  l 

tie,  and  not  a  word  ab  iut  CUriosil 

antiquities,  opei  '-,  and  other  in- 
teresting particular! ,  of  which  Na- 
ples furnishes  sudfa  inexhaustible 
store.  Pazienttti  my  dear  fellow-  ! 
if,  according  to  the  p  •  i.  I  wei 
have   led  you  at  on< 

retj*'  you  would  not  have  had  i 
this  letter,  and  for   a   very  BUDS 
tial   reason — that  of  ;d!  those   tine 
things   I   have   as   v-t    not    h  id   a 
glimpse.     1   am  preparing  in   my 
fifth-story  apartment  (an  elevation 

•fly  fashi 
every t  hie.     - 

to  e  con   amove  :    and,   what  ! 
ter,   during  these  prolegomen 
time  is  Lost  :    f<>r  tl  I    r   is  fill 

from  encouraging  either  antiqu 
or  pleasurable  excursions.     In  my 
next  1  shall  probably  have  it  in 
power  to  gratify,  in 
ardour. 
1  an:,  dear  T.   0 


•\   DESCRIPTION  OF  MO?  Tl 


ffTREAL,  the  second 
British  America,   is  situated  on  an 
island    oC  the  same  aame,   in    the 

i    of    the    River     St. 
rence,  in  latitude  45.  :;S.  north 
longitude  7 J.  west  from  Greenwich, 
II.   Vol.  L 


ales  (by  : 

the  • 

ing  villages', 

M 


?• 


»Pt£ftTFTTO:     '  "  smtAt, 


I  for 

A  mount.: in  of  sidetable 

bo;h  and  town  med, 

ter.     It  i 


of  the  rarliesf  *rffTc- 
rrients  of  the  French  in  Ninth  Ame- 
rica. It.  may  claim  an  antiquity 
prior  to  i  on  (he  continent 

north  of  Hie  <  Mexi<  o,  Qu<  - 

bec  <>  ' .     The  place  \sa-* 


•rent  from  the  south-  d  with  n  work  of 

:   but  tint  being 


:  prcci 
iirhtain,  which  <  \- 

'fiil>its  urrequ  :rks  of  a 

v  belted  with 
of  B  great  \ariety 

mit  being  crowned  with  lofty  pines, 
whilst  the  base  is  ' 

:r!ried  with  neat  farm- 
houses and  gent!-  eats.     As 


insufficient  to  defend  it  from  tlir  in- 
cursions of  the  warlike  Fndian  confe- 
deracy, called  the  Five  Nations,  by 
whom  it  w :is  more  than  onoe  de- 
stroyed, I  [  ]  V.  ordered  it  to 
be  fortified  with  a  stone  waH,  de- 
dl.v  redoubts  and  abroad  dry 
ditch.  These  work*,  since  the 
town  came  into  the  possession  of  the 

English,  have  been  Buffered  to  <;o  fo- 


il stands  ••  proudly  eminent, "over-  |  decay.    They  are  at   present  in  a 

looking    an    illimitable    extent    of  :  state  of  dilapidation,  yet  still  they 


waters  and  level  country,  it  presents 
a  noble  object  of  view,  on  wha 
side    the    approach    is   made.      A 
branch  of  the  St.   Lawrence,   three 
mil<  -  ilh,  washes  the  south- 

east  foot    of    this    mountain,    on 


circumscribe  bounds  to  I  he  city,  and 
prevent  the  extension  of  buildings, 
except  in  the  suburbs, which  bran*  1; 
out  from  the  three  gates. 

Montreal  has  been  a  great  sufferer 
by  /ires  ;   the  last,  in  llie  year  I 


the  margin  of  which   the  city    of  jj  laid  the  principal  part  of  the 
Montreal  is  built.  j,t  ruins,  and  destroyed  several  pub- 

Montreal   ,  at   first  called  Ville-  I  lie  edifices,  amongWhich  was  the 

Jesuit's  College.      Like   most  other 

places  which  have  suffered  in   li\e 

manner,  it  has  derived  benefit  from 

the  calami  not  in  so  great  a 

degree    •  be  ekpected  :  for. 

on  repairing  the  damage,  the  streets, 

originally  laid  down  on  too  narrow 

a  scale,   tunc    not    been    improved 

with  regard  to  their  breadth. 

The  town,  from  the  commence- 

Quebec  suburbs  fo  iJc 

new  -  ;,s  about  one 

and  a  cj i  i  g  the  banks 

of  the  St.  Lawrence,     Its  breadth, 

beaTs  no  proportion  to  if* 

h,    being    composed  of  only 

three  paralh  !  rtn    :  -  ■        h  arein- 

t  rsectcd  af  right  .  y  several 


mannavi 

>m  StMaloes  inApril 

I.331-,  and  though  the  country  had  been 

prei  -  i  by  the  Spaniards, 

'■  r  was  the  first  who  sailed  up  the 

■ .  v.  Inch  hi  i  ntered  on  the 

..  being  the 

nt  after  whom  he  nam*  .1 

He  penetrated  as  tar  ai  Mon- 

r In*  mountain*, 

Ihey  i ii!i  retain. 

i       .   .  ai  in 

after, 

althou  i-  hot  known  : 

r,  bad  :.. 

'inrr.  1.  mila- 

.  r,     Bv 


Rll'TlO.N    OF    MOX1  RE  W.. 


other  short  Greets  nscendj  ncnitothepl  intof 


tin-  river,     h  h  i 
squares:  one  lorn]  ket-placc; 

the  other,  called  Hie  Place  cFsli 
contains  the  |>i incipal  llomnn  (  'a- 
tholic  church  :  besides  which  there 
are  two  others  ;  also  three  convents 
and  ;i  leminary,  nil  belong  ing  to  the 
uch  inhabitants  of  that  commu- 
nion. The  seminary  or  colle 
;i  i.  ii  hi  {•:<  ction,  buill  out  <  f  the 
fundsofthe  Jesuit's  College,  which 
i i ; i <  1  been  bin  ni  dow  ri  Lu  the  last  fire, 
This  cch  brated  order  became  very 
lately    <  \!iiHi  in  <  anada.      It   l.i'i 

which    devolved    to    the    <  i 


I  lie  b  uar- 

I  'i  ■  I'i    bj  tc  i  m       I 
Anab  rtin  r-ii  i  » 

ii  •!■  tares,     'i 
tcstanl   <  ■ 

ice   alternately  ^ith   the    ■ 
sentci    in  the  former,  u 
church  is  finished.     U 
cs!  ornament  oft]  i 

edifice  Cot  the  < 
well  situated,  in  i 
of  architecture)  extr<  mcl  \ 
dious,  containing  a  well  r< 
and  n  en  publii 

!    be    considered    ai 
build  in  r  in  i  ry. 

.All  the  priv  tte  b 


but  a  great  portion  has  been  libe 

rally  consigned  by  government   to    (real,   i-vcn  the  iilu  ... 

the  uses  for  which  it  was  inteiulcd.     exception  of  Sir  J 


The   building  tonus  a  large  plain 
quadrangle  of  four  stories;  it  con- 
tain a  chapel,    hall,  and  library, 
m  itli  suitable  offices,  and  . 
dations  itudcnl    ;    but  the 

site  is  \  erv  indifferent. 

The  general  hospital,  called  the 
Grey  Nunnery,  is  <>.'i  an  extensive 
scale  :  it  receives  the  sick  ami  indi- 
gent, not  only  of  the  city,  but  of  all 


\\  Inch  is  a  spacious,  m    I 
are  buill  in  the  old  Fren 
frith  thick  stone  wall  • 
ng  roofs  covered  with 

•incut  9  indows,  with 
dow-shutters  cased  ^ \  i  t  ! *  Bheet  iron, 
These  peculiai  pre- 

servatives against  lire,  • 
a   heavy  and  sombre  ap] 
which  by  no  an  b  the 


the  surrounding  country.     The  sick  I  chara<  tnts. 

are  tended  with  the  utmost  care  and  I      There  is  a  well  executed  mamo* 

'.iiily  by  the  nuns :   who,   altho'     leum    ami    pillar     raised    on 
they  have  taken  the  veil,  maybe    mountain  of  Montreal,  to 

idcred  as  lay  sisters,  for  they    awry  of  Mr.  Jff'Tavisb,  wi 
are  employed  in  offices  and  works     be  seen  from  the  i 
of  the  most  active  benevolence,  and  ide  a  large  fortni 

by  no  means  confined  to  the  walls  of    north- wtst  traffic,  with  fte  fairest 
their  pon\  ents. 

There  are  also  a  few  respectabji  -     of  the  prosjperhj  an  leufi 

looking,  ii'noi  handsome,  buildings     of  the  pi 


erected  by  the  English.  The  new 
Episcopal  church,  owing  to  a  failure 
of  the  kinds  and  subscriptions,   a 


The  inhabitants  of  this  city  were 
araoi 


siill  unfinished  :    it  is  [fed    in  one 

a  fine  trout  of  hewn  ston 

ler,  but  can  scarce: 


Si 


DESCRIPTION    OF    MONTREAL, 


tion  of  Nelson,  h  consists  of  an 
Ionic  pillar,  of  th.-  beig  b1  of  72  fed. 
support  in  a  pedestrian  statue  of  the 
hero,  8  fret  high.  Its  base  is  em- 
bellish  i  with  alto-relievo  r< 
sentations  ofthe  battles  of  the  Nile, 
Copenhagen,  and   I  ir,  occu- 

.:  three  ^:' les,  H  ith  an  inscrip- 
tion on  the  fourth.  The  monument 
vh  finished,  but  not  set  up,  in  1806, 
asthe  place  wai  a  subject  ofdis] 
li  ;-  supposed,  however,  that  it  will 
be  en  cted  in  a  new  square,  laid  out 
on  the  site  of  the  Jesuit's  College, 


ami  began  to  be  built  in   the  yeaf 
above-mentioned. 
The  hotels  deserve  to  be  mention* 

ed,    asthe)   are    noted    all  over  the 

continent  for  their  excellent  fare 
ami  superior  accommodation.  There 
are  many  other  impro\  Booing 

on  and  projected,  which  will  soon 
render  Montreal  one  ^(  the  hand* 
sonnst,  ;\s  it  i->  rdread\  one  of  the 
niost  agreeable,  -pine.,  in  America. 

\  d  estimate  ofthe  population,  &c, 
of  tin's  city,  may  be  made  from  the 
following  table,    extracted  from  I  <•■ 

parish  registers  for  the  year  Im)4: 


Districts. 
R.  Catholic  parish  church,  ^c. 

Protestant  church 

Dissenters  church 

General  hospital 

Totals 


Marri 

H.i| 
niali  . 

tlMIIS. 

Bu 

rials. 

Totals. 

female,  male 

Bap. 

Cm 

M 

270 

239  179 

158 

37 

'27 

28 

29 

55 

90 

II 

16 

II 

70 

27 

— 

9 

8 

M 

18 

17 

Ml 

.M!7 

304 

Wb 

66 1 

The  great   superiority  of  births  I 
over  I  may  be  accounted  for 

fjrom  the  salubrity  of  the  air,  the 
abundance  and  goodness  of  provir 
,  and  the  custom  of  marrying 
early  in  life.  The  proportion  of 
male  births  over  female,  is  also  re- 
markable, and,  perhaps,  may  he  a- 
scribed  to  the  same  causes.  The 
number  of  inhabited  houses  in  the 

city  and  suburbs  the  same  ;, ear,  was 

found  to  be  2132. 

The  annual  deaths  in  London, 
where  the  christenings  and  burials 
of  late  years  h  \  ••    on  an  avej 

nearly  balanced  each  other,  is  cal- 
culated atqnc  in  thirty-Hire.- ;  but 
0  very  healthy  a  place  as  Mon- 
-  ill--  proportion  can  scarce! \  be 
less  Mem  one  in  forty.  If  stated  at 
cue  in  thirty-six,  it  will  give  a  po- 1 


Births  more  than  deaths — 220. 
pulation  of  15,516  souls,  which  is 
allowing  more  than  seven  per$< 
each  house  ;  but  this  appears  I 

real  an  average,  at  least  with 
I  to  the  English  inhabitants 
It  may  be  reconciled,  however,  by 
taking  into  the  calculation  the  nou- 
residents  ;  namely,  the  troops  in 
barracks,  a  considerable  number  of 
whom  get  married  and  have  fam 
the  ere  ,\:-  of  ships,  &C.  in  the  river, 

and  travellers sojourningfroniUpper 
and  Lower  Canada,  and  ihe  United 
States.  All  these  certainly  contri- 
bute to  swell  the  parish  registers; 

The  climate  of  Montreal  fag  reck- 
oned to  be  milder  than  those  places 
in  America  situated  under  the  same 
p  n  alhlof  latitude, but  more  easterly. 
The  summer  is  six  weeks  longei 
than  at  Quebec :  namely,  a  fortnight 


rtipTlOD    "i     M     '«Tit  RAL. 


m 


in  thl  "",l'    '"   ,l|('  I 

fell  of  the  year  ;  rt< 
monreter,  in  win*  ill  k<>  low 

ae  frost, 

as    in   the   foi   i<  r.  I'li'.'>  re 

anon    four,    or    I  '  ;i    ,r'" 

month   oi  h  ird     ;  I 

is  netei  ■   '''  P1 

pi  «,■  ^  inter   u 

in.       i  the 

and 

roads  resound  with  Ihejin 

rioh  •   '    ,,,r 

now,     On  the 

t  band,  the  beat   is  wmet 
excei    -  ■-    in   Bummer,    the    ther- 
momi  h  r,  in  the  months  of  July  and 
ri  ;ing  above  90.  even 
.  i„  the  shade.  At  this 
■  n,  the  thunder-storms  are  Bre- 
nt and  (i  raendous :   the  light, 
s  the  glittering 
turrets  and  >f  the    public 

buil  ■   already  ob- 

served,  aT    nil   <  wit*1  {i,!- 

The  ■  of  weather  arc  not 

proi  '"  are 

mostly  acute,  tjje  offspring  of  im- 
Icncc  and  intemperance.     J-pi- 
deniics  air  scan  m,  whilst 

great  longevity  is  by  no  mums  un- 
common :  vel  it  is  remarkable,  that 
the  siirns  of  premature  age,  such  as 
oavly  grey  hairs  ami  the  loss  of 
teeth j  arc  almost  universal. 

Horticulture  is  well  understood 
at  Montreal;  the  town  is  sur- 
rounded wiih  gardens,  whose  pro- 
ductions arrive  at  great  perfection, 
Five  or  six  sorts  of  apph  ^  m  parti- 
cular, arc  esteemed  equal,  if  not  su- 
perior to  those  of  ah)  oilier  . 
try. 

The  excellence  and  comparative 
cheapness  of  the  markets  can  scarce- 
ly he  over-rated  :  they  are  abun- 
dantly   supplied    with     butphcr*. 


■     !.  !■   h.  I 
I 

,.   d   1"    ■  iil< 
I. .11.  p 

■ 
' 

I,      .  '   ■   : 

were  pel  it  i-  on  the  land- 

lurrounded  I 
iiuint ! imc  ground 
town, 

sudden  attack.  The  strong  uum. 
try  between  Lake  Champlain  aid 
the  right  bank  of  the  St.  L 
must  1m-  liiit  conquered,  and  a  <h»- 
tilla  constructed  on  the  river  of  the 
lakes,  which  a  I 

Montreal 

be  taken. 

But  it  is  in  a  commercial  point 
ot'\  iew  that  Montreal  must  be  con- 
sidered as  highly  Lmpottant.  It 
lies  at  the  • 

tion   of  the   ii: »   r    -.    i 
There  arc   ra]  ti» 

town,over  which  m 

i    an    can  be  navi    ited ; 
ships  of  no  less  lb  bur* 

then  lie   a!  mg  the  whari 

large  vessels,  I rer,  I  '.     " 

balf their  -  whi<  i  are  after- 

wards completed  at  Quebec.   '1 
is   qo  other  river. 

world,  th 

- 

bottchure.     T 

is  pi:..  he  juncture  of  two  im- 

mense St.  1 

the  forrin  i 

from    its 

south.  n  a  north-east  CO 

to  the  ocean,  connei 
chain,    five    inland  I 

'the  other,  with 
[y  inferior,  runs 
A  union,  through 


M 


i.onD  sTAMiorr  on  ni: 


1  for  the  i:i-c  -irri         With  all  (!  it  {$■ 

iplor*  J.  Both  receive  the  .:  turpri:  .  „0( 


tributary  >i  many  fine  ri\crs, 

ed,  and  not  a 

i  than  the  Thames  :   what 
re,  w hat  i:cw 
of  commerce,   a> h:»t  abundant 
•;mri   of  an   i 
population,  may  not  these  bou 
disclose,  cv< 
ration !   For  their  pi 
and  future  productions,  Montreal  is 
5nd  must  be  the  prim 
well  for  distribu  ihem  the 

manufactures  and  commodities  of 
f  the  world.  Ii  is,  more- 
over, connected  with  the  northern 
states  of  the  Union  by  Lake  Cham- 
■  and  the  River  Sore] ;  and  with 
the  west  parts  of  New- York   and 


ic  before  uow,  o(  Bou- 

nce than  we  find  it.     Th< 

son  aeons  !;>  be,  thai  the  inhabitants 
'ry  other  specula* 

lion  to  ii 

,  led  d  to  corap<  tencj ,   by  an 

road.    The  French 
leed;  never  posscss<  ti  any 
commercial   enterprise,  but   jived 
;  and  happy  on  the  pro- 
of the  soil. 
Allium.  .    Montreal 

ran  only  I  •  se- 

cond rank  of  Americi  .  yet 

the  period  is  appi  when  it 

will    acquire    an     importance,     to 
which,  from  its  local  situation,  and 
natural  advantages,   it  is  so  deser* 
Pensylvania,  and  the  nes  ol     vedly  entitled,  and  it willinall pro- 

the  Ohio  and   Western  Territory,  Inability  become  the  chief  emporium 
*by  the  riven  and  lakes  of  Canada,     of  the  north-nest  c 
which   form   their  northern   limits, 

by  which  only  they  can  find  a  11.  Wt 

:-it  tor  their  productions. 


TO  THE  EDITOR  OF  1 

Jli Tin  i  V    ti<  i  I,    'an.  12,  18(19.       '■» 
'n-> 

1  s  answer  10  your  enquiry  re- 
■  ".\  simple,  hut  useful  me- 
'  of  procuring  a  more  economi- 
st light,  I  can  give  you,  in  a  very 
'^  tin  fullest  information, 
b  will  enable   any  chandler  to 
it.     The  increasing  price 
is  certain]}    a  subject 
"hi.  ea  consideration  ;  and 

if  the  war  should  continue,  the  evil 

I  <>me  serious,  BUS  SO  much   of 

the  tallow  consumed  in  this  country 

>m  abroad.  Of  all  the  spe- 

■   ■  carcity,  that  which  would 

production   of  artificial 

the  1 


111:  REPOSITORY,  &c. 
distressing  to  the  community.     P,y 
the  plan  which  I   have  conceived, 
and  executed,  iJnrt'  candles  of  any 

given  length  and  thickness,  last  as 
long  as  four  of  the  same  si/.einauu- 
factured  in  the  common  way.     The 

light,  which  is  as  strong  (if  the  can- 
dle be  not  snuffed  too  close.)  is  tar 
more  st<  ady,  and  the  flame  is  of  a 
better  colour.  The  candle,  whe- 
ther il  be  of  wax,  spermaceti,  or 
tallow,  does  not  require  to  be  snuffed 

so    often,   it   [lares  much    less,    il     vj, 

considerably  better  for  writing, 
reading,  working,  and  drawing, 
and  it  runs  Less  when  carried  about 
the  house.  These  are  obvious  ad- 
vantages ;  and  I  do  not  know  of  any 


T.ORD    MANHOI'E 


disadvantage  t"  bt  bem, 

itlthotij  li  I  h  ive  died  this  lmpr< 
method  for  several  montli 

The  three  principle  hh  h 

flic  new  candles  nre  lo  b<   n  i  le,  are 
the  following :   First,  the  new  wick 
1ms  onlv  three  quarters  «»t  the  i 
number  of  cotton   lhr<  ad      ii   the 
candle  be  of   was   or  spermaceti ; 
ami   «'iil_>    two  thirds   <>l    the   a 
number,  if  the  candle  bcof  (allow. 
Secondly,    flic    wick   must,    in  all 
cases,  be  perfectlj  free  from  damp, 
h  essential  circi  •  si  mcc  i  i  fre-  : 
fjucnilv  not  attended  to.  And,  third- 
ly .  with  respect  to  the  manufacture  | 


of  u:i\-.  uidle i,   th  •  it  be 

i  I 
in  null.  d  \.  r.  till  the 

conn 

wickj 

full  of  froth. 

[f  1 
nil,  we  should  no  ' 
get  of  running   short  of  f  If 
material ;  but,  at  all  events,  th 
dividuals  who  adopt  i1  ive 

■ 

1  am,  Sir, 

Voui  rrf, 


The  following  tabic  will  ei    bh  ai 

I'm  n  Lonl  Stanhope's  plan, 

racni  u  i  bv  hi?  lordship.     It  shews  tlie  result  ol 

tain  •'*  ol  burning  ( Iran 

.A  taper  lamp,   wi   i  i    ;hl  threads  of  cotton,  will  coi  n  '.of 

spermaceti  <>il :  at  *i\  shillh 

is  I  *.7  1  rarthin 
*        co  shillin(  farthings. 

Jit  shillings,  it.  is  i  $.'280  farthii 
\.  T>.  This  gi v(  ight  as  the  candl< 

lamp  seldom  warn  .....  and  ca  .  ht. 

I  taper,  chamber,  or  watch  lamp,  with  foui  ordin  i 

wick,  consumes  1.664  oz.  of  spermaceti  oil  in  one  hour:  thi  oil  at 

per  gallon,  the  i  xpence  of  burning  twelve  b 
At  eight  shilling  I  irthings, 

At  nine  shillings,  it  is  9,0'J  '-  farthings. 

Lxpi  rmine  the  real  and  comparative  expen<  •■  of  burning  car,.': 

-. 


The   >  xp 

r  ofcau- 

Wi  .glit  of  oin 

The  tiipi    on* 

1 

tweWe  lion:  i 

dits  in  one 

■•He. 

candle  lasted 

on    • 

1 

pe 

will 

also  ibcwa  the  pro- 
per  do 

Dr. 

Hr 

>!iu. 

Hi.  Min. 

Farthiogi 

ilUlit!l>  •ill 

A  small  «  icl; . 

is  J 

0      14 

3 

13 

id 

J«    W  IvU. 

19 

0       J3* 

B 

40 

5'.' 

0        1  5«r 

j 

40 

4i       •: 

I .' 

1 

3 

17 

4t       C4 

1 

1,-v 

1            W 

o 

3d 

: 

1 

4 

9 

ii 

s 

0 

4 

15 

ol           0 

H 

1    1J 

S 

19 

30      15 

Moul 

Mould  . 

Each. 

, 

I      ■  1 

7 

so 

39 

4 

4       0 

9 

3 

3d     . 

VTithwax'd  wick 

3 

5      . 

17 

30 

5J 

l 

Tlie  tim.3  <;ach  candle  lasted,  wa»  token  from  an  averafj  -  •    -  - 


i\ii»no\  ement  or  I 


Tur  idea  which  mankind  has 
formed  of  beauty,  baa  varied  bo 
much,  thai  ao  precise  standard  seems 
to  be  acknowledged,  by  which  its 
pretensions  can  be  truly  appreciat- 
ed. Painters  and  Bculptors  have 
resortu  d  to  an  ideal  standar  I  i 
their  own  minds,  which  they  form 
according  to  the  degree  ol 
ami  p  rception  with  which  they 
arc  indivklnally  endowed.  The 
nnlearne  acknow  [edge  its  :  Bucnce 
as  they  are  impelled,  either  bv  sen- 
timent, or  those  natural  feelings 
■which  ar  >  antecedent  '.»  the  arts, 
and  independent  of  -  Bat 

in  whatever  it  has  been  supposed 
to  exist,  howevrr  varied  its  form 
or  appearance,  the  desire  to  im- 
prove it  bas  been  universal,  ami 
this  desire  is  shewn  no  less  in  the 
fantastic  ornann  ts  with  which  the 
earlj  Britons  used  to  paint  their 
bodies,  than  in  the  delicate  tint 
•which   suffuse  the    livclj    i 

f  their  more  accomplished 
ndants.  The  works  <>!'  Shaw, 
Gabriel  Sionita,  and  Marvieux, 
aboui  1  .•.  it  h  curious  accounts  ol 
the  manner  in  which  painting  has 
been  empl  d  by  diffi  rent  nations 
with  a  v  lllty, 

:  Illiancy,  <>r  to  re- 
pair the  outrages  which  it   hi 

1  natural  enemy- 

Cleopatra,  n-  ho  captivated 
Pompey,    Caesar,     and   Antoninc, 
employed  all  the  treasures  of  art  in 
ting  her  natural  charms.     The 

Greek,  ;is  well  as  the  K<>!i>:iii  Indies, 

indebted   to  the  more  luxuri- 

for  their  knowledge  ol 

this  accomplishment ;  and  it  would 

appear  that  tlicy  had  made  con- 


siderable in  the  art,  I 

two  paints  (t!ie  whip  and  red)  w  hicfa 
we  derive  from  them,  fl  ?nce  t rir* 
poets  have  attributed  the  whi;. 
ol"  the  Europeans  to  some  paint 
i  from  Juno  by  one  of  the 
-!  in  liters  of  that  goddess,  and 
presented  by  her  to  the  daughter  of 
lie-  wealth  and  bi\- 
iii  \  »f  R  i  e  incn  ased,  gallantry 
introducing  iku    refinements,   e\- 

•i1  |     liligent  researches 

to  promote  the  art  of  improving 
b  u'\  ;  which,  as  if  became  more 
general,  acquired  sweater  perfec- 
tion. The  Greek  and  Roman  la- 
di(  -  made  us-  1,1'  a  white  metallic 
preparation,  which  was  nothing 
than  ceruse,  or  white  lead. 
which  still  maintains  its  situation  at 
toilet,  although  pernicious  in 
the  highest  degree  to  health,  and 
producing  effects  contrary  to  the 
purpose  for  which  it  is  employed; 
and  (he  exchange  was  not  much 
better  when  they  substituted  in  ii. 
place  a  species  of  argentine  talc. 
For  red,  they  used  a  sort  of  ver- 
milion called  purpurjssMS,  a  beau- 
tiful cohmr  approaching  to  purple, 
and  whose  composition  and  appear- 
ance resembles   carnation   red,   or 

■   pink.     It   was  made  with 

of  white  talc,  pulve- 
rized, ami  coloured  with  a  strong 
tincture,  taken  when  hot  from  the 
scum  of  a  fish  (called  purpurat  or 
man  >  I  foui  d  ;.m  I ;"-  Mediterranean 
Sea.  This  liquor  is  supposed  to 
be  the  same  as  that  used  by  the  an- 
for  dyi  ig  I  beii  celebrated 
purple.  We  will  not  attempt  to  de- 
cide whether  the  paints  employed 
at  prcbcut  arc  more  or  less  pcrni* 


IMT-Knvi  v  I,-,  r    OP    iii.M'TV, 


rious ;  we  sliall   content   i  '  to   !>■  I  who  b 

with  oowrving,  that  ill'-  perfection  been  accustomed  lo  pAint,  and  i 

of  lln'  art   con  ists  in   using   them  nol  therefore  entirely  rclinq 

with    it   discreet  moderation.     The  use  of  it,   will  find,  upon  trial,  I 

iijic  of  white  lead  in  any  shape,    01  this  i  neitbei 

indeed  oil  of  talc,  is  not  only  dan-  •  injure  the  health  nor  the  skin, 

ig   to    the  health,    1»<i(   so    for  thai    il    iiiiilai«*K  the  natural 

from   [)itmt\  ing,    they    spoil  and  more  perfectly  than  an j oil 

wrinkle  tike  skin.     Vermilion  too,  position  to  whi  tentionoftht 

which   commonly    enters  into    the  British  I    ri   at] 


composition  of  modern  cosmetics, 
\> ill  ultimately  turn  the  com.pl  'X- 


In  order  to  make  this  orti 
i  omplete^  we  insert  some  exl 


ion  of  an  unnatural  yellow.     A  fim     fi    a  a  report   made  to  the  K 
and  beautiful  red  is  frequently  made  I  Academj  al  Paris,  by  M     •     L 

};\  c  ih - i ;  1  i 1 1  ;_r : i  species  of  tal<  ,  called 
of    />'  'iancon.      When    re* 


roisier  and  Jussicu.      It  may  ap- 
singular,   that   a  preparation 


duced  <o  an  impalpable  pon  lerf  it     used    by    ladies    to    colour    ; 
is  mixed  with  carmine,  in  proper- '  cheeks,  considered   merely  as  an 
tion  to  the  tone  of  colour  intended  •  article  of  <1  r«  -  on,  or  ci. 

to  be  produced;  but  talc,  or  any  H  lishment,  and  belonging  excln 
mineral  or  metallic  substance,  is  to    Iv  to  the  fair  sex,  should  haw: 


i\  oided,  as  highly  d  i 
ami  ultimately  prejudicial. 

Cine  carmine,  properly  pulveriz- 
ed and  prepared  for  the  purpo  e,  is 


traded  the  attention  of  i li  •  \\ 

A<  ademy  of  Scieui  i  i  in  l'aris  j  yet 

ill  is  l  »arn  aderiug 

universally  used,  and 


beyond  all  Question  the  i  -     that  ladies  of  the  highest  rank  < 

position  that  tan  be  employed  with     not  \\  til  dispense  with  it,  did  not 
safety  and  effect.    It  gives  the  most  ler  it  beneath  their  dignttj  Uj 


natural  tu^:'  to  the  complexion, 
and  imparts  a  brilliancy  to  th.  eyes, 
without  detracting  from  r h.  oi 
of  the  .skin.  In  order  to  use  it  eco- 
nomically^ procure  some  of  the 
li::rst  pomatum  (without scent,)  in 
vthioh  there  is  a    small  proportion 


.iu<     all    the   sp  thai 

could  I-     M-  Co|in  pre- 

sented  a  preparation,    which    the 
academy   did  not   hesitate  to   ap- 
pro!   .     Sio  e  which,  aootlu  i 
fumer,  M.  Pupont,  offered  to  the 
i  prepared  solely 


of  white  of  this  pomatum  ( from  which    ; 

take  abouttl  .   and    demy    considered    not    at  all    in* 

Batten  it  upon  a  piece  of  white     inferior  to  the  preparation  of  M. 
paper;  then  take,  on  a  pointed  pen- I  Colin.     This  ras  prepared 

knife,   or  the  end  of  a  tooth-pick.;  in  the  presence  of  Messrs.  Layo 
about    the  quantity   or   sia     oi  ...  Ju  sieUj  the  i  -  ap- 

pin's  head  oi'  the  carmine,  mix  it  .  pointed  In  tin'  academy  ;  ami. 
sreutly  with  your  finger,  c:ml  when  •  cording  to  then   a|  Lhe  aci- 

baye  produced  the  desired  tint,  li  demj    determine^,    that    M.    I 
mb  it  in  a  little  compressed  cotton,     pout   i  M. 

pass  n  over  tl  till   the  CO-     Colin,    to    claim   its    appr 

lour  is  entirely  spread,  and  it  ceases     It  being  observed,  that  all  the  IV 


No.  II.  Vol.L 


.N 


00 


IMPBOVEMF.VT    OF    nr.ATTV. 


risian   perfumers     extracted    their 
■wage  from  the  vegetable  kingdom, 

and  that  they  would  all  apply  to 
the  academy  fin  certificate*.  i(  w*i 
thought  proper  not  to  pronounce 
upon  M.  Dnpont's  rouge  till  all 
the  other  sorts  of  rouge  sold  in  Pa- 
ris.we.rclikewiseevamined  i  \], 
Lavoisier  and  .hissieu,  jun.  were 
therefore  appointed  to  make  the 
necessary  experiments,  to  ascertain 
the  constituent  parts  of  them  all. 
From  their  report  it  appears,  that 
the  art  of  preparing-  red  paint  from 
the   vegetable  kingdom,    is    not    a 


the  colour  is  extracted.  It  is  thil 
precipitate  which  ii  mixed  with 
very  fine  pulverized  talc,  and  made 
with  lemon-juice  into  a  paste,  with 
which  small  pots  are  filled  for  sale. 
Though  this  sort  ofroage  is  very 
common  in  commerce,  yet  flit  re  is 
another,  less  fine  and  brilliant,  but 
cheaper:  this  is  generally  sold  in 
small  parcels.  This  rouge  is  made 
of  carmine,  which  i>  extracted,  a^- 
is  well  known,  front  cochineal  : 
here  also  the  colouring  matter  is 
mixed  with  the  talc  ;nid  some 
lemon-juice,  and  afterwards  dried. 


newdiscovery,  but  had  been  known  i  There  is  no  (U>ubt  but  that  the  hiffh 


long  ago  to  the  ancients.     Theo   , 
phrast  mentions  a  root,  from  which 
■  red  colour  was  extracted,  to  rouge  : 
the  cheeks.     Pliny  also  notices  a  ' 
certain  root  (the  produce  of  Syria), 
thai  was  used  for  the  same  purpose, 
and  also  for  staining  wool.     Those 
roots  were  probably  similar  to  our 
Ider  and    alcanna  (ligistrum), 
When    the    Italians,    during    the 
reign    of    Catharine    de    Medicis, 
brought    the    use    of    rouge     into 
France,    they    at    the   same    time 
taught  the  mode  ol'  preparing  it  : 
this  -was   similar   to   what   is   now 


price  of  the  colouring  matter  ex 
traded  from  the  wild  sail'ron  and 
the  carmine,  has  induced  some 
people  to  substitute  cinnabar  (ver- 
milion:) and  there  exist  some  old 
recipes,  in  which  cinnabar,  either 
wholly  or  in  part,  is  recommended  • 
but  rouge  of  this  sort  may  produce 
ver\  serious  consequences,  ;md  its 
use  cannot  be  too  carefully  avoided. 

•  It  will  not  be  amiss  if  we  indicate 

;  the  means  how  to  discover  if  rouge 

•  contains  any  mineral  substance. 
The  colouring  matter  extracted 

i  from  the.  wild  saffron,  possesses,  like 
practised.  Well-dried  wild  saf- '  almost  all  vegetable  colours,  the 
fron  is  put  into  a  linen  bag.  and  laid  property  of  being  soluble  in  spirit 
in  a  running  stream  of  soft  water.  '',  of  wine:  if  {therefore  spirit  of  wine 
or  in  standing  water,  often  changed  |s>  poured  twice  or  three  times  oyer 
a  person  with  wooden  shoes  treads     rouge  of  this  description,  the  colour 

-.ill  be  dissolved,  and  the  talc  will 
remain  white.  This  single  experi- 
ment will  ascertain  whether  the 
rouge   i',  extracted   from   vegetables 


the  bag,  till  the  water  passes  thro' 

it  quite  clear,  and  not  the  least  ves- 

Kge  of  a  yellow  tinge  is  perceived  ; 

after  this,  a  sixteenth  or  twentieth 

part  of  sola,  or  potash,   is  added,    only,    ppchineaj  and  carmine  ate 

and  soft,  pure,  cold  water  is  poured     not  acted  ppon  by  spirit  of  wine, 
...      ......  i.         ii    .  i  •       i. „♦    <i...*   iii. 


upon  it,  which  will  obtain  a  yellow- 


and    this    shews    at    once    that    the 
rouge  is  not  of  the  vegetable  king- 


s  ex- 


ist] liquor:    the   colouring    matter  rouge  is  not  of  the  vegetable 

being     precipitated     with    lemon- 1  dom.       lint   cochineal  and  it 

juice,    produces  a  red    sediment  :  'racf  arc  soluble  in  alealine  liquors  ; 

..i    •  .•  a       1        j:ii         ii  if  ilinnifnrad    Tf>r\r   \ucnL    LiillllwifV     l\{ 


this  operation  is  repeated,  till  all 


:  if  therefore  a  very  weak  solution  of 


A    LEARNED    q-AMH. 


91 


is  mi Kfd  with  the  rouge,  and 
the  talc  becomes  discoloured,  the 
colouring  matter  was  extracted  from 
the  anim  lorn.      If  the  <  o- 

louring  matter  is  neither  soluble  in 
spirit  of  v<  ine  nor  in  ;i  diluted  al- 
cali,  then  ii  maj  be  nspected  to  be 
a  mineral  colour,  eithci  cinnabar  or 
red  precipitate  of  mercury,  >\ 
However,  Messrs.  Lavoisier  and 


Jussien  ucre  iini  satisfied  with  these 
experiments;  and  tone  fully  con- 

\  meed,  dial   tWeWe  dill'-P- 

rouge  which  thej  examined,  di 
contain  any  mineral  particle,  they 
employed  cal<  [nation,  acid  .. 
lc  alkali ;  but  it  does  not 
pear  that  they  ootaM  ascertain  the 
presence  of  mineral  substance  many 

of  them. 


ACCOUNTS!     I    LEARNED  SPANIEL. 

A  i,r:Ait\i:n  spaniel,  which  main-       Toprovetfc  t  the  epithet  learned 
tinned  philosophical  theses  in  Eng-    given  to  this  animal,  was  not  aha 
lish,   FVench,  and   Latin, 'was  ex- 
hibited some yeaTs  ago  at  York.   It 
may  readily  be  conceived  that  the 
animal   did    not    speak    these    Ian- 


r  misapplied,  we  shall  re! 
Kind  of  conversation  which 
place  between  the  spaniel  and   two 

or  three   learned   persons  in   com- 


guages :  but  he  seemed,  at  least,  to    pany. 

Understand   them  ;    sine.-,   if  asked  |       A    sailor  first   asked    M°w   man\ 


any  questibn  in  them,  he  always  re- 
plied by  Bigns,  either  shaking  his 
head  to  express  yes  or  no;  or  paw- 
ing with  his  foot  to  indicate  num- 
bers or  letters,  which  when  joined 
together  formed  the  required  answer. 
Three  circumstances  occurred  to 
excite  the  astonishment  of  the  spec- 
tators, who  were  attracted  in  great 
numbers  by  the  celebrity  of  this 
animal.  1.  tie  continued  to  give 
pertinent  ami  proper  answers,  even 
when  his  master  retired  from  the  ex- 
hibition-room, or  desired  all  those 
to  retire  who  were  suspected  of 
making  signs  to  the  dog  to  indicate 
the  answer.  2.  lie  returned  an-! 
BWers  equally  proper  when  blind-  ! 
folded,  to  prevent  him  from  obscrv- 
Ing  any  signs.  3.  lie  generally 
advanced  the  most  singular  para- 
doxes: at  first  no  person  in  com- 
pany  agreed  with  him  in  opinion. 


arches  there  were  in  "Westminster 
bridge.  The  spaniel  replied  bv 
drawing  his  foot  over  the  nun 
fifteen.  He  was  theq,  asked  how 
many  arches  then'  were  in  the  Pon- 
tus  Euxinus.  Here  tin:  deg  paused, 
as  if  he  had  conceived  himself  in- 
sulted  by  such  a  question,  and  ts  it 
desirous  of  applying  the  proverb, 
"  a  foolish  question  deserves  no  an- 
swer.'' Being  commanded,  how- 
ever, by  his  master,  to  satisfy  the 
person  who  had  interrogated  him, he 
replied,  that  the  Pontus  Euxinus 
had  no  arches,  and  he  expr 
this  very  clearly  by  placing  his  foot 
on  a  cypher.  The  sailor  then  said, 
that  the  preceding  year  he  had 
made  a  very  happy  Voyage  in 
weeks  from  the  Pontus  Euxinus  to 
London  btidge.  The  spaniel  find- 
ing nothing  very  wonderful  in  such 
a  voyage,  placed   his   foot  on  dit- 


yctf   alter  a    variety  of  objections,   ,  ferent  letters  forming  a  very  laconic 
answers,  and  replies,  he  was  always     answer,  which  signified,  when  ex> 


allowed  in  the  k-ik\  to  be  riirht. 


plained  by  his  master,  that  some  aa« 


32 


*     1.1  8P  l.MI'L 


dorehndmadea  voyagtof  000  there              I   hours.?"  "  In  what 
»«■  in  half  a  day.    "Thai  is  climate?"  said  thesailor, much  sur- 
irapoasibif,"  s;liti   thesailorj  "no  prised,  and  beginning  to  perceive 
air-balloon  has  ever  yel  been  able  the  truth  of  his  reply.     'Mu- 
se such  a  apace  in  so  short  a  aiel    mentioned    the    frigid    eone. 
time."  '•  I  do  nol  say,*' returned  "  In  that  ion<            I  bit   master, 
the  spaniel,  bythe  help  of  his  in-  "the  days  indeed  are  ofdiffe 
(erpreter,  "  that  an  air-balloon  was  lengths,  from  24  hoursfo  6  months. 
cd  for  that  purpose:   [speak  ffCaptain  Cook,"  added  he,"when 
°'   ■     j          by  sea."     The  sailor  he  sailed  beyond  the  polar  circle, 
then  said,  "  That  by  sea  it  was  still  had  followed  a  parallel  where  the 
more  impossible;    because,   as  the  day  was  only  a    month   long,   he 


I       st   sailing  vessel  went  ;<f   tw 
af  uo   more  than  about    five 

tea  an  hour,  it  could  never 
make  a  voyage  of  600  leagues  in 
half  a  day-" 


might,  in  half  a  day  consisting  of 

360  hours,  have  traversed  the  space 
of  GOO  leaguei 

The  sailor  being  desirous  to  sur- 
prise the  spaniel  and  Iris  master  in 


The  annual  persisted  In  main-  his  turn,  asked  them  if  they  knew 
laininghis  assertion,  and  the  sail-  a  place  where  the  sun  and  moon 
or  was  going  to  lav  a  considerable    might  rise  at  the  same  hour,  and 

bet,  when  Uw  spaniel  and  Ids  mas-    even  at  the  same  instant,  when  tl 
<<  r  added,  that  they  liad  performed     two    luminaries   are  in   opposition, 
igcia  a  country  where  thej     that  is  to  say,  at  full  moon?     The 
nulled  fire  with  ice.     "  If  you  arc     animal  and  Ids  master  replied,  that 

it  was  the  pole  ;  adding,  that  in  the 
,  same  place  the  sun  was  always    in 
the  meridian,    because  every  point. 
1  of  the  horizon  was  south  to  the  in- 
habitants, if  any  at  the  pql(  . 

A  lawyer,  who  was  present,  dis- 
puted a  long  time  against  the  spa- 
niel, because  the  latter  pretended 
that  a  man  w  ho  died  at  noon,  might 


rous  of  shewing    your   erudi 
tion,"  replied  the  baUor,  "  do  not, 

I  beg  of  you,  utter  so  many  absur- 
dities." 

The  master  of  the  spaniel  then  ad- 
ring  the  animal,  said,  "  Tell  us. 
my  friend,  is  it  nol  true  that  a  tire 
be  kindled  with  a  piece  of  ice, 

II  it  be  cut  into  the  form  of  a  lens. 


-  to 'collect  the  sun's  rays  into  II  sometimes  be   the  heir  of  another 
U  focus,   and  to    project  them  on  H  ,   who  died  the  same  day  at  half  an 


smallheap  of  gunpowder."  The 
animal,  which  was  blind-folded, 
nodded  with  his  h.m],  to  saj 


hour  after  twelve.  Though  vari- 
ous laws  were  quoted  from  the  Di- 
rest and  the  Justinian  Code,  which 


',s  *f- hi    :    d  fully  comprehended    declare1  that  the  heir  must  survive 


proposed  to  him. 
The  dog  on  this  point  is  right, 


( the  testator ;  _\  et  the  spaniel  proved, 
that    the   assertion    was    perfectly 


..'or;  kl  but  it  does  not  agreeable  to  these  laws,  because  the 

r               '    journeyof  600  leagues  person  who  died  at  half  after  twelve 

can  I-   |               d  in  half  a   day."  died  before  'he  other  :  this  wouh 

not,      replied  the  dog,   by  the  case  if  the  first  died  at  London, 

in  of  hism;:ster,  "  if  it  be  and  the  other  at  Vienna, 

in   a  count,!,)-  wherein  half  a  c^>  ;      A  third  person  proposed  the  fbl- 


cm  vf>)-   i  mi": ii mi,   run  r. 


low log  problem :    lt  A  country-wo«  witbont  killil 

man  lci\  in  j  pone  lo  mai ; 

ber  chickens,  met  with  ft  cookf  who    and   half  a  chicken  n  third 

bought  the  half  of  what  she  uok,  still  w  •  1 1 1  <  »i  1 1  killing  .my. 

ami  the  half  of  one  more,  without  kill  p  country-woman 

my  of  them;  she   (hen  sold  to  I  all  her  chickens:  how  many  had 


^  second  cook  i he  half  of  tli" 
maiaing,  and  half  a  chicken  more, 


/ 


CHINESE  IMPE 

Ir  i>  well  known  thai  the  Romans  I 
seldom  employed  generals  who  had  ' 
been  once  unfortunate,  and  the  Car- 1| 
lhaginians    usually  punished  them 
without  enquiring  whether  the  mis-  , 
fortunes  which   happened  to  them 
norance,  misconduct, 
or   cc  I  udoubtcdly,    the 

|ni!i!ic  opinion  has  completely  set- 
tled the  decree  of  i  stimation  in 
which  some  of  Our  generals  con*fl 
cerned  in  a  recent  i  vent  oughl  to  be 
held ;  but  we  think  thai  "  thosi 
whom  it  belongs1'  maj  receive  a  le  - 
son  of  no  slight  importance  from 
the  conduct  of  the  Chinese  govern- 
ment, upon  an  occasion  which 
might  almost  justify  our  saying —  : 
'•  Midato nomine  de  te  fabula  nar- 
ratur."  We  shall  therefore  make 
no  apology  for  laying  before  oui 
readers  an  extract  from  the  Pckin 
gazette,  5th  and  6th  of  the  khmoon, 
or  2Sth  and  29th  of  April,  1300. 

imim:  ui  a  L  EDICT. 

\\  hercas  in  the  preceding  year, 
.  n  hen  at  court,  and  in 
our  presence,  very  earnestly  re- 
ed that  a  i  -  w  u  d  ■  '■  hi  be  ' 
given  him  to  fight  against  the  re- 
bels, as  (having  formerly  been  em- 
pi  >yed  in  the  province  ofSe-chuen) 
he  possessed  much  local  knowledge 
and  experience  in  that  part  oi'  the 
country,  and  boasted  very  much  ol' 


RIAL  EDK  T. 

Iiis  capacity  oingand 

duing  the  rebellion. 

Though  we  placi  .1  little  c 
dence   in  (hi 
ranees,  yet  as  we  were  at  thai  time 

in  want  of  an  officer  pro; 

I  to  til!  ill'-  vacant  i 
of  Sc-t  httetij  we  granted  to  bin  the 
temporary  possession  of  thai  office. 
\i  first  he  discharged  the  duti 
his  office  with  some  Bhow  of  abili- 
ty :  and  latterly,  if  he  had  found 
himself  really    incompetent   to  the 
task  of  carrying  on  the  rear,    he 
<u/g/it  to   have  given  up  the  com- 
mand of  the  army  lo  the 
(/,  -l,  -ft  <i:-]ui-o,  or  h  ;i  us 

timely  notice  to  a]  itbcr 

officer  to  that  sci  \  ice.    ( >u 
trary,  after  intimation  had  been  re- 
1  of  the  passage  of  the  rebels 
.  the  boundaries  of  the  pro- 
vinci  -  of  s<  -churn  and  A 
remained  eiidii  d  i\s  with  the  a 

in  inaction  at  the  city  of  T 
in  which  interval  the  rebel*  cr 

Kia-lin-kiang,  and  com- 
mined  considerable  dan 

•;t  to 
proceed  against  them  under  the 
command  of  an  inferior  oftccrj  and 

.  but 
remained  with  the  rest  of  the 
at  Taches).    This 

i  by 


N 


tHivisi  iMPrniAL  rnrrr, 


the  remaining  force>,  was  unsuc- 
cessful, and  (he  oflicei  if  its  beftd 
unfortunately  cut  oil  by  the  enemy. 
After  these  effects  of  his  negligence 
and  t inutf/tf/y  all  thai  remained  in 
power  wai  t  i  I.  :  rid  .nul  secure 
mi  hanks  Of  At  7V  ./■•'.  Thr  re- 
bels having  effected a  passage  across 
the  Kio-lin-kiangi  had  laid  the  way 
open  for  their  march  to  the  capita] 
of  tli«"  province,  and  which  thej 
Blight  at  that  time  have  easily 
reached,  had  they  not  fortunately 

been  diverted  from  that  object  by 
the  Approaching  Mfth-day  of  one 
oftlieir  leaders  which  they  resolved 
to  celebrate  with  great  festivity. 

It  was  also  a  fortunate  circum- 
sfance  at  this  juncture,  that  We  had  is- 
sued orders  to  the  general  Te-lin-ta// 
to  pass  over  -with  his  army  from 
Sheasyto  Sc-chutn,  <o  assist  in  the 
defence   of  the   latter    province. — ' 


ther  examination  of  his  conduct: 
£ivin«^  him  notice,  however,  fhat 
on  the  activity  and  diligence  with 
which  he  should  defend  the  banks 
ol  the  Tintgho,  his  life  and  fortune 
must  ultimately  depend. 

Notwithstanding  all  these  cir- 
Cum  stances,  we  now  receive  ac- 
counts of  the  rebels  having  reached 
the  city  of  T<u/-pin;  and  posses  •  d 
themselves  of  the  district  of  V.fMg- 
chii'trnij,  in  consequence  of  their 
having  effected  tin*  passage  of  the 
river  Tit  ugh  o9  above-mentioned. 

From  this  grievous  intelligence 
we  were  somewhat  relieved  by  sa- 
tisfactory accounts  from  the  gene- 
ral Te-lin-tay,  who,  having  niixht 
and  day  exerted  his  utmost  endea- 
vours in  our  service,  had,  since  his 
entry  into  the  province,  taken  aboi  e 
1300  prisoners,  put  an  equal  num- 
ber  to    the    sword,    and    liberated 


Te-tm-tay  lost  no  time  in  obeying    above  20,000  of  the  country  people 

our  commands,  and  a  succession  off  from  the  oppression  of  the  rebels. 


victories,  as  well  as  the  capture  of 
two  of  the  most  considerable  rebel 
leaders,    Tsay-litt-nucu  and    ty- 
piny    were  the  consequence  of  his 
entry  into  the  province  of  Se-chuen. 
The  former  neglect  and  misconduct, 
of  Quay-lung  was  very  unpardoti* 
abley  but  might  in  some  mCasuri 
been  retrieved  by  an  able  d<- 
r  Tungho  ;  for  the 
\  must  inevitably  have  surrefr 
dcrcd,  had  theit  progress  been  op- 
posed from  that  quarter  while  they 
driven  Join  cud  by  the  arm  a 
o/Te-lin-tay  on  the  other. 

Coil  I  '  g  also  the  services  for- 
merly rendered  by  Quay-lung,  We 
did  not  entirely  disgrace  him  on 
this  occasion,  but  merely  changed 
his  rank  from  the  first  to  the  third 
decree,  and  left  him  in  possess!,  m  of 
his  oflice,  and  spared  him  any  fur- 


Four  considerable  stations  of  the 
rebels  surrendered  to  his  army  :  so 
that  avc  may  now  look  forward  with 
confidence  to  a  speedy  restoration 
of  peace  in  that  province.  Hut 
since  that,  Qi(ay-lurig9hy  his  un- 
paralleled remissness  and  neglect, 
suffered  the  rebels  in  the  fust  place 
to  gain  a  passage  across  the  Kian- 
I'm- Kiting,  and  afterward  across 
the  Tungho,  whereby  the  damage 
and  injury  which  arose  to  the  peo- 
ple, was  like  poison  infused  in 
their  tea  ;  and  to  leave  if  unpunisht  d 
or  unrevenged,  would  be  a  manifest 
violation  of  public  justice* 

We  direct,  that    Quay 'lung  he, 
'  td  of  all  dignities  and  employ- 
Is  whatsoever;  that  Le-pao  sha\\ 
be    substituted     as  the    temporary 
viceroy  of  Se-ehuen,  and  who  shall 
examine  into  the  offence  of  Quay- 


BRITISH    IPORTl. 


95 


'•,  and  give  us  notice  t€  the  re-    rropofii  of  ><.-///"^,  i  three 

ami  (he said  Qnayilung shall,  '    of   'h||r   r<^])(' 

meanwhile,  be  uti  aAned  in  ■  digniti  al#. 

the  priMOQ  of  (  'hing"tU"fOQi  the  w- 


I'i.ATf.    I.— BRITISH    SIMM!; 

( f  'mil in K<il  from  / 

i  b  the  Tudor*  many  Bovcre    give  effect  to  the  statutes  of  Ed wanj 

i.  :uul  1M\\  ud  ill.   re>])ectijiy  the 
bounds  of  the  fore 

lit. m  this  perfod  we  cannot  trace 


statu!  '  'inch  (I,  among  oth<  r  , 

punting  in  the  in.  is  by  ni^hl 
v.iili  painted  vigors,  was  made  fe- 
lony by  the  1st  of  I l-ni  \  VII,;  and 
Under  Henry  VIII.  it  was  made  fe- 
lony to  c'nter  a  forest  witij  intent  to 
stcil  deer.      This  was  repealed  by 


■in j  attempt  to  employ  this  branch 
of  the  roj  tl  prej  i 

.  The  preservati  m  of 
.  --I  and  timber  In-  not  00I7  been 


bis  successor  Maryj  and  Elizabeth     little  attended  tn,  but  the  country 


shewed  no  disposition  to  tyrannize 

throuirh  the  means  of  forest  law. 


has  actually  suffered  from  a  want  of 
proper  attention  to  12m  The 


All  the  tyrannies  of  the  Norman    eyres   have   been   totally  ■■';■■ 


rind  Angevin  princes  were  put  in 
practice  by  Charles  I.  and  were  en- 
forced by  the  strength  of  thai  arhU 
trary jurisdiction  which  theTudors 
had  drawn  from  their  submissive 
parliaments.  It  is  true,  they  had 
not  en.  for,  ed  the  forest  law  by  means 
of  this  great  engine;  because  Henry 
VII.  had  not,  perhaps,  consid 
it  as  an  efficient  mode  of  extorting 
money,  nnd  Henry  VIII.  had  no 
passion  which  it  could  stimulate  or 
gratify.  But  the  eyres  made  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  I.  shew  in  what 
manner  the  powers  of  our  law  may 


nued,  and  the  punishment  <  .  cleer- 
ing  and  wood-sti  pro- 

vided  for  by  the  ordinary  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  country, 

The  forest  law,  consisting  of  the 
an  act  modified  by  ihe 
Norman  and  early  Angei  in  princes, 
and  finally  by  Edward  I.  Edward 
III.  and  Richard  II.  i-  collected 
in  Manwood's  elaborate  Treatise. 
There  is  likewise  a  short  account  of 

:  the  forest  law  in  Blackstone's  ( 
mentariesj  vol.  3.  c.  6.  upon  which 
his  late  editor  has  made  some  very 

I  ingenious  remarks,  which  we  shall 


be  oppressively  executed,  not  with  notice  in  the  progress  of  our  lab 
a  view  to  punish  crimes,    but  to  liuiii  be  readily  observed  that  pro- 
raise  money  independent  ofparlia-  ceedings   in  the  forest  court-  have 
merit.    The  patience   of  the   coun-  fallen    into    disuse,    because    they 


try  was  at  length  exhausted,  and 
Charles  I.  was  obliged  to  call  the 
memorable     assembly,     which     at 


were  found  to  be  in  themselves 
less  and  ineffectual — k'a  rod  more 
mocked  than  feared."  y  were 


length  usurped  all  the  powers  of    easily  evaded,    like  a 
government,   and  put  the  king  to    too  mutilated  to  catch  their  game. 
death.     This  parliament  passed  a         In  the  Saxon  times  (i  W. 

law,    the  object  bf  which  was  to'  Blackstonc)  though  no' nan  was  ah 


P6 


nnmsn  <.rnRT.i. 


lowed   fa    Mil  or  ch&se   the  kind's 
dirr.   yet  he  might  Mart  any  g  aim-. 

pursue,  and  kill  it  upon  his  own 
te.  But  the  rigour  of  these  new 
constitutions  vested  the  sole  pro- 
perty of  all  the  game  in  I 
jn  the  king  alone ;  and  no  roan  was 
entitled  to  disturb  any  fowl  oi  the 
air,  or  any  beast  ofthe  field,  of  such 
kinds  as  were  specially  reserved  for 
the  royal  amusement  of  the  sove- 
reign, without  express  licence  from 
(he  king,  by  a  grant  of  a  cha 
free  warren;  and  thbse  franchises 
were  granted  as  much  with  a  view 
to  preserve  the  breed  of  animals,  as 
to  indulge  the  subject.  From  a  si- 
milar principle  to  which,  though 
the  laws  arc  now  mitigated,  and, 
by  degrees,  grown  entirely  obso- 
lete :  yet  from  this  root  has  sprung 
a  bastard  slip,  known  by  the  name 
of  game  law9  now  arrived  to,  and 
wantoning  in  its  highest  vigour, both 
founded  upon  the  same  unreasonable 
notions  ot  permanent  property  in 
wild  creatures,  and  both  produc- 
tive of  the  same  tyranny  to  ihe  com- 
mons :  but  with  this  difference, thai 
the  forest  laws  established  only  one 
mighty  hunter  throughout  the  land: 
tiie  game  laws  have  raised  a  little 
rod  in  '  very  manor  :  and  in  one 
respect  the  ancient  Liu  wasmuchless 
unreasonable  than  the  modern,  for 
the  king's  grantee  of  a  chase  or  Wrv 
warren  might  kill  game  in  every 
part  of  his  franchise  ;  but  now. 
(hough  a  freeholder  of  less  than 
100/.  a  year  is  forbidden  to  kill  ;i 

partridge  upon   his   own  estate,   yet 

nobody  elsi   ( noj  even  the  lord  of 
(he  manor,  unless  he  hath  m  grant 

of  free   warrm.)  can  do   it  without 
committing  a  trespass,  and  subje<  t- 

an  action.  —  1.  Black. 


It  will  not  here  be  improper  to 
say  something  as  to  the  propertv 
which    ma)    be   had    ill    beasts   and 

,  animals. 

Animals  have  in  law  one  general 
division:  I.  Tame  animals.  2, 
Wild  animals.- — 1 .  Tame  animals. 
— These  are  horvs,  oxen,  sheep, 
&  C.  \  .  .  :  and  they  are 
considered  in  evcrj  point  of  View 
as  part  of  a  man's  personal  proper- 

j  iy^  and  an  action  of  trespass  may  be 

,  brought  for  injuries  donv  them.    >co 

domestic  fowls,    as  hens,  chickens. 

I  e  icocks,  turkeys,  and  the  like,  arc 

sideted    as     personal    property. 

\—RoL  A  by.  5.  is.  II.  s. 

And  so  are  dogs  ;  and  a  man 
may  justify  an  assault  in  defence  of 
his  do<r,  Rast.  Ent.  611. — And  by 
Uiestat  10 Geo.  111.  c  is.  s.  1.  2. 
if  a  person  shall  Meal  any  dog  what- 
soever, or  sell,  buy,  receive,  har- 

|  hour,  detain,  or  keep  any  suclu  he. 
shall  he  subject  to  certain  pecuhiai  y 
penalties. 

£.    Wild    animal^. — These    nr^ 

■  deer,  hares,  foxes,  &C  &C.  ;  all 
sorts  of  wild  birds:  and  in  these,  by 

'  reason   of  their   fero<  ittes. 

and   aptness     to    fly    the     immedi- 
ate dominion  o(  man.    no  property 

can  be  hadatcommor)  law:  unless, 

;  I .  a\  here  they  are  taken  and  killed  ; 
or,    2.    where   they    are    taken    and 

I  tamed  :  and  then  whilst  they  are 
po  '  ssed  by  him,  they  arc  bis  ab- 
solute properly:  but  as-  soon  as 
they  escape,  and  whilst  they  enjoy 

,'   their  natural  liberty,    the  property 

ceases.     And,  'J.   where  they  are 

inclosed  :    for   by    the    indosufe    a 

•  property  is  trained  in  them,  so  that 

.  ilicy  can  be  no  more  taken  and  car- 

,   ried  away  than  any  oilier  profits  of 

the  land  :  and  he  both  an  independ- 

II  cnt  right  in  every  animal:  but  in  this 


law   iinr-orm. 


or 


case,  also,  flic  property  Is  gone  when 
tfcereeoape.  7  Co.  lb-.  9  Li ..  287. 
March  49.— And  with  respect  !<» 
the  jt/rrsnil  of  ti/iiinti/w,  ;it  common 

law.  these  observations  are  i<»  be 
taadci    I .  That  it'  n  man  pni  nei 

deer,    hares,    or   conies,   out    of  his 

land,  or  the  lands  of  another,  into 
mine,  and  there  takes  them,  they 

ire  the  hunter's,  and  not  mine;  be- 
cause I  never  had  any  original  pro- 
perty by  inclosing  them.    2  Bac. 

Ahr.  613. — Hut  it  is  said,  if  a  man 

Met  his  hawk  at  a  pheasant  in  his 

own  ground,  and  the  hawk  pur •  ues 

the  pheasant  into  another's  warren, 
the  owner  of  the  hawk  cannH  jus- 
tify entering  the  warren,  and  taking 
the  pheasant.  —  Id. 

k2.  If  I  man  hunts  conies  in  my 
ground,  and  kills  them  there,  I  may 
seize  them,  because  they  are  indeed 


m\    prop  i'\   by   til)    i'i'  1"'  nre;   but 

If  lie  hunts  them  out  of  my  ground; 
they  an-  in  the  condition  of  natal  il 
liberty.— Id. 

But  where  a  man  hunt*  c<> 
out  of  a  warren,  ot  deet  out  ot  ■ 
pari- ,  and  the  nrai  i  n  n  oi   parked 

puisnes  them,  Ik  may  retake  thciS  ; 
for    the    p  II '.    and    warren    ne  le    al 

establishments,  erected  fin  the  pur- 
pose of  keeping  game  within  their 
respective  boundaries,  so  that  the 

property  is   hot   altered   by  driving 

them  out  of  the  tin  losures,  ablest  it 

be  also  out  of  the  pursuit  of  the 
officers. — Id. 

4.  Abo  the  common  law  wnfrant? 
the  hunting  Of  ravenous  beasts  of 
prey  on  another's  ground,  Mich  as 
foxes,  wolves,  badgers,  &c.  but 
Will  not    justify    the   digging  for 

thrin. — Id. 


3La\u  l\tpoit£. 


L'bi  ingenio  non  crat  locus,  cure  testimonium  promciuisse  coutcntua. 

Court  of  King  s  Bench,  Dec.  '2iih. 

BOYBEI.Ii  V.    DHl  M.MO.ND. 

Tins  cause,    of  the  utmost  im- 1  This    case    was    opened  by    bil 

portance  to  the  arts  and  artists,  and  !  majesty's   Attorney-General,    in   a. 

to  the  liberal  patrons  of  both  in  this  speech     deservedly     admired     for 

country,    came  on  to   be  heard   at  strength   and   perspicuity  of  ariru- 

(iuildhall,    before    Lord    Kllenbo-  incut.     The  action  was  brought  by 
rough   and  a  special  jury  of  me-r- !j  Josiah    Boydell,   Ksq.    the  worthy 

chants.     The  consequences  which  I  representative  and.  partner  of  the 

may   result   from    it,    whether  the  late  Alderman  Boydell,  against  the 

plaintiff  ultimately  succeeds  upon  defendant,  John  Urummond,  Esq. 

the  merits,  or  be  defeated  by  tech-  banker  at  Charing-' 'ross,  to  recover 

frical  objections,  without  the  merits  the    value    of  a    number  of  prints 

being  fairly  tried,  are  of  sufficient  which  he  had  refused  to  take  agree* 

magnitude  to    make    any    apology  ably  to  his  contract  for  that  purpose, 


unnecessary  for  our  giving  a  full 
and,  we  hope,  impartial  and  accu- 
rate view  of  what  passed  on  this  in- 
teresting occasion. 
No.  II.    Vol.  I. 


as  a  subscriber  to  the  ShakspevTS 
Gallery.  The  Attorney -General 
observed,  that  nothing  perhaps  had 

contributed  to  rai^e  tu<r  countrv  in 
O 


OS 


law   RFronT«. 


which  Kr  live  to  the  degree  of  emi- 
nence v  <■  enjoy,  more  than  the  li- 
beral encouragement  which  had 
been  given  by  persona  in  the  most 
elevated  stations  in  society,  to  men 
engaged  in  the  various  branches  of 
trade,  manufacture,  or  in  the  culti- 
vation of  the  arts  and  sciences, 
whose  genius,  industry,  or  skill 
marked  tlu-ni  out  as  lit  objects  of 
patronage  and  attention.  The  gentle- 
men  of  the* jury  knew  by  experience 
that  great  and  extensive  transactions 
could  seldom  be  carried  on  without 
the  assistance  of  others  ;  and  they 
knew  likeu  ise.  that  the  skill  and  ta- 
lents of  men  eminent  in  their  re- 
spective professions,  could  be  ob- 
tained only  by  liberal  encourage- 
ment and  ample  remuneration. — 
The  effect  which  this  obvious  sys- 
tem produced  upon  genius  and  in- 
dustry, was  evinced  by  the  thriv- 
ing state  ol  the  arts  and  sciences, 
the  trade,  eommercc,  and  manu- 
factures dt'  the  country— in  short, 
every  thing  which  surrounded  us  in 
ill  is  mighty  capital,  afforded  abund- 
ant proofs  of  it.  The  jury,  he 
hoped,  would  pardon  him  these 
preliminar)  observations,  which  na- 
turally arose  out  of  the  case  he  was 
about  to  lay  before  (hem.  Jt  was 
unnecessary  for  him  to  state,  be- 
cause every  one  knew,  how  bene- 
ficial a  patron  the  late  Alderman 
Bbydell  had  been  to  the  professors 
of  the  fine  arts,  particularly  paint- 
ing and  engraving.  Previous  to 
the  Shakspcare  Gallery,  historical 
painting,  whence  the  art  of  engrav- 
ing arose,  was  at  a  very  low  ebb  in 
this  country  ;  and  whatever  prists 
of  this  description  were  wanted,  we 
were  under  the  necessity  of  import- 
ing t'lom  aboad  :  but  so  much  hail 
the  liberal  encouragement    of  the 


late  alderman  and  his  partner  al- 
tered   the    nature    of  this    business, 

thai  during  the  existence  of  trade 

and  of  communication  with  the  con- 
tinent, this  country  exported  con- 
siderably to  our  ncighbouts.  By 
this  means  oilier  nations  were  made 
to  contribute  to  the  wealth  and  en? 
couragement  of  our  artists,  and  ul- 
timately to  the  improvement  of  the 
arts  themselves  in  this  country. 

The  late  alderman  had  always 
maintained,  that  there  was  not, 
wanting  genius  in  this  country  to 
produce  either  line,  historical  paint- 
ings, or  good  artists  who  might  do 
theiu  justice  in  the  engraving :  he 
thought  ingenuity  only  wanted  en- 
couragement, to  bring  it  into  action; 
and,  by  extending  that,  encourage- 
ment with  a  munificent  and  dis- 
creet Liberality,  he  accomplished, 
in  a  great  degree,  his  object.  The 
alderman,  he  said,  was  one  of  those 
valuable  men  to  whom  society  owes 
the  most,  because  they  enrich  them- 
selves by  enriching  others,  and  their 
labours  arc  at  once  a  profit  and  an  ho- 
nour to  the  country  that  gave  them 
birth.  It  occurred  to  Alderman  Boy- 
dell,  that,  nothing  could  further  the 
plan  he  had  in  view,  or  so  effectu- 
ally answer  the  purpose,  as  that  of 
illustrating  by  prints  the  enchant? 
ing  text  of  our  immortal  poet.  Jt 
was  almost  needless  to  add,  that 
this  was  Shakspcare.  For  this  pur- 
pose, he  entered  upon  a  plan  with 
.Mr.  George  Nicol,  the  king's  book- 
seller, to  produce  a  splendid  edition 
of  the  plays  of  our  poet  ;  (he  letter- 
press to  be  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  Nicol,  and  prints  illustrative  of 
the  various  texts  from  that  work, 
were  to  be  produced  under  the  su- 
perintendence of  Mr.  Alderman 
Uoydell,  and  the  undertaking  was 


T.MV    REPORTS. 


00 


Agreed  upon  ;  but  a',  if  required  al- 
most ;m  immnnse  capital,  m*  well  as 
prodigious  labour,  it  could  only  be 
undertaken  by  subscription,  it  being 


lie  were  admitted  ;it  Is.  e^ch  pcr- 
son. — The  defendant  »i  for  two  of 
the  plates,  and  paid  I  be  u  inal  •  am 
nl  two  guineas ;  the  fii 


necessary  to  raise  •1(),()()()/.   in  the    waj    «:  inscription,  hni  ng  b  en 


first  instance.  A  prospectus  was 
therefore  published,  and  a  sub- 
scription opened  in  the  year  1786, 
by  which  they  proposed  to  bring 

out  this  splendid  work  in  numbers, 
and  in  which  the  subscribers  were 
to  have  seventy-' wo  plates  of  en- 
graving!  illustrative  of  the  most  in- 
teresting scenes  in  flic  Plays  of 
Shakspeare  ;  the  subscribers  to  have 
their  plates  precisely  in  the  order  in 

which  they  filtered  tie  ir  names  on 
the  list  of  subscribers,  so  that  pri- 
ority   of    subscription    should   se- 
cure priority  of  impressions.    This 
ride  Was  observed  rigidly.     There  i 
were  to  he  150  copies  first    taken 
Off  by  way  of  proofs,  and  the  rest 
came  in  their  order.     The  proofs 
were  all  subscribed   for  within  six 
weeks    after  the   subscription  was 
opened,     our   illustrious    monarch 
himself  setting  the  example  to  his 
subjects  for  the  improvement  of  taste  I 
and  encouragement  of  the  arts.      In 
the    progress   of    the    work,    Mr. 
Drummond,    the    bunker,    became 
one  of  the  subscribers,  and  stood  at  j 
No.    110J.       The    plates    were    all  j 
laid    by    for   him   exactly    On     the  ' 
1103d  number.     The  only  notice; 
which  the  subscribers  had  of  the  j 


paid  at  the  time  of  entering  the 
same :  but  Mr.  Drummond  took  re. 
more  of  the  numbers,  but  th<  y  were 
all  laid  by  for  him  in  the  ordei  iq 
which  they  were  pulled  off:  they 
Were  not  indeed  s"iit  to  Mr.  Dnim- 
mond,  for  it  was  not  the  pi 
send  any  of  (hem  :  lor  the  subscribers 

either  came  themselves,  or  sent  for 

them — those  who  lived  at  the  east 
end  of  the  town  came  to  the  shop 
in  Cheapside ;  those  at  the  west  end, 
at  Pail-Mall.  The  subscribers  had 
an  opportunity  of  seeing  the  sp<  i- 
mens  of  the  work,  so  thai  there  was 
no  reason  to  complain  on  that  score. 
What   the   defence    \rm,    he   could 

not   well  guess (      He  maintained, 

that  the  works  were  (taken  gene- 
rally) perfectly  equal  to  the  pro- 
spectus— some  of  them  were  super- 
latively excellent :  but  if  it  were  to 
be  said  that  others  were  not  so.  he 
admitted  it,  for  he  lost  nothing  by 
that  admission  ;  no  objection  could 
be  successfully  made  to  it  on  that 
account,  because  thai  would  be  to 
object  to  the  nature  nf  things'. 
While  human  genius  remained  un- 
equal, human  labours  WOukl  hue 
their  different  degrees  of  excellence 
and  he  maintained,  that  if  these  en 


plates  eoming  out,  was  by  means  of  Igravings   were    (upon  an   average 


advertisement  in  the  public  news-  ' 
papers,  and  they  sent  for  them  a*--  | 
cotdingly.  The  Shakspeare- Gallery 
Was   opened    in    Pall-Mall  on    the 
first  of  May  1789,  with  thirty-four  ; 
of  the  paintings,  and  in  March  17(*0, 
there  were  iiftv-six     of  them  :    to 
which  gallery  every  subscriber  had 
d  ticket  of  admission,  aud  the  pub- ! 


taken  of  them  all)  a  lair  execution 
ot  the  contract,  there  could  be  no 
doubt  ot  the  plaintiff's  ritrht  to  re- 
cover by  this  action,  whieh  w:.s 
for  the    value   ot   the    remainder  o( 

pktea;     That  tach   of  them 
had  not  been  tendered  to  (he  defend- 
ant was  true,  but  that  I  is  bei 
the  plaintiff  did  not  wish  to  be 

0  2 


100 


LAW    REPORTS. 


gioufj  because  he  Bright,  if  ha  hail 
chosen,     have    brought    his   action 

upon  each.  And  here  he  nasi  ob- 
serve upon  the  hardship  to  which 
the  plaintiff  would  be  exposed)  it 
this  action  could  be  resitted   with 

success.  Then  were  I.jOO  subs  vib- 
crs  for  these  works,  700  only  01 
whom  hid  taken  all  their  numbers, 
and  if  the  remaining  (>(>)  were  i  .  r,  - 
fn-  taking  theirs,  tin-  loss  to  the 
plaintiff  would  be  prodigioas  (for 
upwards  of  loi-.ooo/.  had  been  Mink 

in  this  undertaking)  ;  besides  the 
dre:i  1  fill  blow  which  the  arts  would 
nscoive  bv  the  discouragement  of 
such  a  splendid  work  as  this  ;  an 
e\il  which  he  would  not  anticipate 
f»v  supposing  that  the  jury  would  not 
find  a  verdict  for  the  plaintiff,  altho1 
the  defendant  had  thought  tit  to 
plead  the  statute  of  Limitations. 

Mr.  ('lay  and  Mr.  Harrison,  who 
had  been  many  years  clerks  to  the 
late  Mr.  Alderman  Boydell,  cor- 
roborated most  of  the  tacts  stated  by 
the  Attorney-General,  and  particu- 
larly that  the  plates  were  kept  in 
succession  for  the  subscribers  ac- 
cording to  the  order  in  which  they 
stood  in  the  subscription-book,  and 
that  1904  were  struck  oil'  before  they 
were  sold  to  non-subscribers  :  that 
to  the  subscribers  each  plate  would 
only  be  at  the  rate  of  1.3s.  (id.  where- 
as they  had  been  sold  to  non-sub- 
scribers  at  a  guinea  and  a  guinea 
and  a  half  ear  h.  They  gave  an 
account  of  the  difference  between 
f!".e  two  modes  of  engraving;  that 
of  the  line,  which  is  the  superior, 
and  that  of  the  dotting  and  chalk 
»sf ylc,  which  is  the  inferior  style — 
tha  line  taking  twice  the  time,  was 
attended  with  twice  the  ex  pence. 
That  out  o!  J7,  there  were  2J  of  the 


chalk  style  in  these  plates.  But 
estimating  the  future  by  the  past,  it 
would  take  between  40  and  :A)  years 
to  complete  the  work,  if  all  done  in 
the  line  style,  §5C.  That  two  of  the 
|  dec  had  heen  taken  away  for  the 
u  Irndanf,  but  he  hail  not  sent  for 
the  rest. 

Mr.  Parke  and  the  other  gentle- 
men  who  were  counsel  for  Mr. 
Drummond,  displayed  great  abili- 
liesand  acuteness  in  taking  every 
technical  objection  to  the  plaintiff's 
claim,  which  the  law  furnished 
them  with. 

When  the  prospectus  which  con- 
tained the  contract  between  Mr. 
Boydell  and  the  public,  was  pre- 
sented on  the  part  of  the  plaintiff  to 
be  read,  Mr.  llolroyd  contended, 
that  it  could  not  be  read — 1st,  Be- 
cause it  was  not  stamped ;  and, 
2d ly,  Because  it  was  within  one  of 
the  clauses  of  the  statute  of  Frauds. 

Mr.  Attorney-General  answered 
this  objection,  and  the  cause  was 
permitted  to  go  on,  his  lordship 
saving  the  point. 

There  was  a  difficulty  on  the  part 
of  the  plaintiff  to  shew  that  the  de- 
fendant was  a  subscriber,  and  that 
he  had  notice  when  the  different 
numbers  of  the  work  were  ready  for 
delivery.  This  notice,  when  the 
subscribers  were  sonumerous,  where 
many  of  their  habitations  were  un- 
known  and  often  changed,  could 
only  be  given  by  public  advertise- 
ment, and  a  number  of  different 
newspapers  were  produced  in  which 
these  advertisements  had  been  in- 
serted, lint  they  could  not  make 
out  that  any  of  these  papers  had 
come  into  the  hands  of  the  defend- 
ant ;  but  they  shewed,  that  when  the 
two  first  numbers  were  ready  he  had 


LAW    JIF.P0IU9. 


101 


seat  for  them  only  from  that  notice, 
and  therefore  it  might  be  presumed 
he  was  acquainted  ;is  to  all  f  I  *  <  -  rest 
when  (hey  were  ready  for  d<  liverv . 
His  lordship  said,  ho  was  afraid  to 
admit    newspapers    as   general  evi-  \ 

denoe.     In  the  ease  of  carrier!  who 

refilled  to  be  responsible  above  ;>/. 
there  was  notice  pu(  up  lo  thai  el- 
feet  in  large  biters  in  (lie  oliiee. 
which  ("very  man  that  had  goods  to  j 
carry,  and  who  brought  them  tliere. 
must  see.  At  last,  a  letter  was  read 
from  the  defendant  himself,  stating 
the  reason  why  he  did  not  continue 
to  take  the  prints. 

In  one  stage  of  the  cause  then- 
was  a  doubt  entertained  by  the  coun- 
sel for  the  defendant,  as  to  what  was 
his  age  at  the  time  he  became  a  sub- 
scriber. That  point  was  dropped, 
on  Mr.  Parke  stating  that  they  did 
Dot  mean  to  plead  his  nonage. 

Two  of  the  prists  were  then  ex- 
hibited in  court,  and  most  beautiful 
they  were — the  one  in  the  dot  ling 
and  chalk  style,  which  was  the 
scene  in  "  Much  Ado  About  Xo- 
thingy"  betw  ecu  Ursula  and  her  com- 
panion talking  about  Benedict,  and 
Beatrice  listening  in  the  bower;  the 
other,  The  Smothering  of the  Babes 
zchi/c  asleep  in  the  Toiccr,  in  ! 
"  Richard  the  Third"  in  the  line  \ 
style,  engraved  by  Legat. 

Here    Mr.  Parke,   Mr.  Ilolroyd,  j 
and  Mr.  Dampier,   took  a  number 
of  objections  on  behalf  of  the   de- 
fendant :  —  First,    that   this    pro-  I 
spectus  was  void,  for  want  of  being 
stamped  ;     which     Lord     Lllenho- 
rough  felt  inclined  to  over-rule,  be-  j 
cause  it   related  to  trade  and  com-  i 
merce,   for  which  agreements  were 
exempted    from   the  duty.       JNe.vt  , 
they   objected,    because,    upon  the 
.Hatute  of  Frauds,   the  engagement  J 


to  pay  on  behalf  of  the  defendant 
should  be  iii  wriling,  beCMIM  the 
thing  lo  be  perloimed  l>v  illr  plain- 
till  was  more  than  one  year  in  do 

This  his  lordship  was  inclined  lo 

over-rnle,  beeau-e  il  talher  went  to 

the  commencement  of  the  thin?, 
which  was  within  the'year,  than  to 

the  COB!  bision  Of  Lfc  Hut  as  to  the 
Statute  of  Limitations,  his  lonbhip 
did  not  see  how  the  plaintiff  could 
get  over  it  ;   for   nothing    had    been 

done  on  behalf  of  the  defendant 

since  the  year  1790.  The  sta- 
tute of  Limitation!  was  sometimes 
said  to  be  an  ungracious  plea.  He 
had  nothing  to  do  with  the  un- 
graciousness of  it;  he  must  dispone 
of  it  according  to  law  :  and  so  rigid 
was  it,  that  il  had  been  pleaded  by 
a  defendant  to  an  action  of  criminal 
conversation;  who  admitted  he  had 
committed  the  adultery,  but  plead- 
ed that  he  had  not  done  it  within 
six  years;  and  he  succeeded  in  his 
plea. 

The  Attorney-General  said,  thai 

the  defendant  had  lately  said  that 
he  was  not  bound  to  take  the  re- 
mainder of  these  prints,  because 
they  were  not  agreeable  to  the  pro- 
spectus; and  this  was  proved  by 
the  clerk  of  Messrs.  Crowther.  Li- 
vie,and  Garth,  the  plaintill  "s  atlor- 
nies.     lint 

Lord  Eilenborough  held,  that 
this  did  not  take  the  case  out  of  the 
statuteof  Limitations:  but  he>hould 
save  the  point,  if  the  Attorney  -d'e- 
neral  could  make  any  thing  of  it 
be  tore  the  court,  as  well  as  the 
others  for  the  defendant. — M  And 
(said  his  lordship  to  the  Attorney- 
(ieneral)  I  wish  you  may  succeed  ; 
for  I  have  every  wish  for  the  en- 
couragement of  the  artsand  science** 
although  unfortunately  ignorant  of 


!!")_• 


wrnr; wood's   ro.*»m?. 


mnnv.     Mo  not  pretend  to  be  ajiof    the    statute    of    Limitations." 
competent  fthi  meritsofthe     Plaintiff nonsuit 

prints  which  have  been  exhibited,         V  B.    We  understand  that  tin? 
but  they  appear  to  me  tn  be  most    cause  is  to  be  tried    gain  next  term, 
ntiful.     Hut   I  am  compelled  to    with  additional  evidence.     To  this 
:>i  the  plaintiff  upon  the  plea  |  wc  shall  particularly  attend* 


Pr.^r.  7.— WEDGWOOD'S  ROOMS, 
ubjed  of  this    plate   is  a     wards  of  industry.    The  most  strife- 


Tr 

representation  of  the  principal  room 
of  a  suite  forming  the  magazine 
which  belonged  to  (iic  late  Mr.  ./<<- 
$iah  Wcdg&ood)  and  is  now  the 
property  of  his  successor  iii  the  ma- 
nufactory. This  establishment  has 
existed  nearly  50  years ;  ami,  dur- 
ing that  long  period,  the  public  at- 
tention lias  been  kept  alive  by  the 
extraordinary  discoveries  ami  im- 
provements, both  in  art  and  taste, 
which  the  fertile  genius  of  rts  pro- 
prietor was  constantly  introducing. 

The  potteries  are  so  truly  British 
manufactures,  are  of  so  much  im- 
portance to  commerce,  ami  add  a 
lustre  even  to  the  arts  of  the  coun- 
try, that  we  feel  inclined  tO£,ive  a 
brief  sketch  of  their  history  from 
the  earliest  time  to  which  they  can 
he  traced,  down  to  the  period  when 
they  began  to  assume  a  respectable 
rank  among  the  manufactures)  and 
to  excite  ti:i  attention  of  commercial 
and  scientific  men 

If,  in  the  progress  of  our  publica- 
tion, we    shall   be  able   in  a  similar  \ 
manner  to  shew  the  origin  and  gra-  ' 
of  othei  manufactures 


ing  a-  well  as  general  features  of 
such  histories,  will  be  the  important 
effects  which  have  resulted  from 
very  inconsiderable  beginnings,  im! 
the  gradual  devclopement  of  hu- 
man talent,  proceeding  from  the 
attainment  of  one  object,  to  another 
still   higher  and  more  extensively 

Useful. 

We  have   no   knowledge  of  the 

existence  of  potteries  in  England 
before  the  time  of  the  Horn  tins. 
In  many  parts  of  the  kingdom, 
fragments  and  vessels  of  Rinnan 
pottery  have  been  found,  but  most 
of  these  have  been  the  utensils  of 
their  armies,  and  were  not  made 
upon  the  spot.  However,  at  some 
of  their  stations  they  certainly  had 
potteries,  and  the  appropriate  curi- 
osity of  the  late  Mr.  Wedgwood 
on  this  subject,  led  him  to  the  dis- 
covery of  one  at  Chesterton,  neai 
Newcastle-under-Line,  and  in  the 
neighbourhood  likewise  of  the  pre- 
sent potteries.  Jt  was  formerly  a 
Roman  station,  and  the  site  of  flu- 
old  castle.  .About  thirty  years  ago, 
he  caused  a  spot    in  this  village  to 


alle  to  perfection,   we    be  opened  to  a  considerable  depth, 

rive  that  our Jiabours  will  con-  and  there  found  the  same  appear- 
tribute  to  the  amusement,  as  well  as  Lancet  as  will  be  exhibited  in  our 
the  instruction  of  our  readers,  and  do  i  present  potteries  a  thousand  years 
an  acceptable  s<  rvi<  e  tothe  COinrau-  heme,  if  they  should  be  uncovered  ; 
nityathvrge, by  stimulating  the  ex-  the  foundations  and  other  remains 
ertions  of  ingenuity,  and  adding  the  ofovens  rynd  workshops,  tnd  large 
..Me    to  tiic  oiher  re-  |  massci  ol  pitchers  accumulated  by 


r.ncw  o(»i» 


the  effects  of  the  fire  on  Vessels  in  led  with  painting  in   rnnmcl, 


baking.  No  district  could  be  more 
favourable  to  pottcrj  before  that  art 
attained  sufficient  mei  i(  i"  become 
an  object  of  distant  commerce,  tV.r 
it  abounds  with  a  variety  of  colour- 


ii  ,  to  pa      them  d  third 
Lh rough  the  Urc     <  )ne  <>f  '!:•  in 
(Innis  of  iliis  glass  being 
lead,  f  1m-  workman;  v.  ii  »  e  hand 
!.mil\  immci  :n  :  inthi  mixture. 


ed  clays  and  of  coal.     Chesterton,     i^  subject   i<»  paralisi  .   unless  due 

pre*  •mi ion  be  i  then.     To  prei ml 
ii,  the  manufacturers  bay*  -<i   I .  *  r  -  - 

v<  ars  assign*  tl  to  such  men  a  \        f 


which  i<  onlv  two  miles  distant 
from  Burslem,  has  not  nou  onj  p->i- 
terics,  the  latter  having  (m    i  \  eral 


centuries    been    known    to  in-   (In-    Employment  about  their  ovcus, 
principal  seat  of  them,  furnish  them   with  a  dress  toweai 

Tor  mukyig   pottery,  or  earthen     at  Hie  glazing  tab,  ami    throw  otr 
ware,   (In'  claj  is   beaten  in  water,     when  they  leave   it,  and  a   \* 

by  which  the  fine  parts  are  suspend*  '  cistern,  soap,  and  towels  near  them, 


4-d  in  the  fluid,  \.  hile  the  coarser 
sink  t«»  the  bottom  of  the  vessel. 
The  thick  liquid  is  further  purified 
by   passing  ii    through    hair    and 


that  ilny  may  be  more  certain, 
when  employed  in  glaring,  t<>  wash 
their  hands  before  they  go to  their 
meals.     If  is  feared,  however,  that 


lawn  sieves  of  different  degrees  of  i  an  unhappy  opinion  of  theelficacy 

fineness;  and  is  afterwards  mixed  of  spirituous  liquors  does  more  mi>- 

with  another  liquor  of  about   the  chief  to  this  class  of  workmen  than 

same  density,  consisting  of  ground  any  other  circumstance,   for  attri- 

fiintst     This  was  the   composition  buting  to  the  effect  of  lead  whatever 

of  theivhite  stone  ware  about  forty  slight  disorder  occurs,  they  have 

years  ago,  the  staple  manufacture  recourse  in  the  first  instance  to  them, 

of  tin*  potteries  of  this  kingdom  :  as  specifics  in  such  cases;  and  thus 

and  it  is  also  that  of  liner  earthen  ;  acquire  the  habit  of  an  immoderate 

wares  at  present  in  use,  though  in  \  use  of  what  probably  affords  thena 

different  proportions,  and  av itli  va-  J  a  temporary  relief,  hut  does  not  fail 

rions  improvements  introduced  by  to  produce  a  permanent  and  d 

the  ingenuity  of  succeeding  menu-  tive  disease.      This  is  we   heli 


facturers.      This   mixture  is   then 
dried  in  a  kiln,  and  after  being  beat* 


the  sole  opprobrium  which  att  i 
to  the  potter's  art ;  j  et  even  (his  may 


en  to  a  proper  consistence,  becomes    be  greatly  diminished,    it  not  en- 
fit  for  being  formed  hy  the  work-  ,  tirely  removed,  by  the  precautions 


men  into  dishes,  plates,  howls,  &c. 
The  line  white  and  cream-colour- 
ed earthen  wares  now  mode  in  Eng- 


above-roentioned :    h  is   it 

is  desirable  to  preclude  the  11 
lead  altogether,  the  Society  for  the 


land, are  fired  twice;  the  first  time    Promotion  of  the  Arts  lias  offered 
to  give  them  the  requisite  hardness,     ;1  premium  for  a  substitute  for  this 
and   in  that  state    they    are   called     gla*e,    or  for  a   mode    of  u>i;i_ 
biscuit;  they  are  then  dipped  in  a     which  would  not  subject  the  1 
vitreous  composition,    and   being  •  to  these  dangers. 
subjected  to  a  second  burning,    ac-  I      The  white  and   the*  brov 
quire  a  coating  of  true  glass,  thence     wares  are  passed  only  once  tlir 
called  a  glaze.     If  they  are  imish-     the  tire;    for,  at  a  i  of 


104 


wrncwooD  s  noov*. 


the  heat)  fhey  are  made  to  undergo 
A  partial  vitrification  of  the  surface, 

by  the  funics  of  muriate  of  soda, 
this  salt  being  thrown  into  tin-  oven, 
anil  the  ])irr<-s  of  ware  so  disposed 
lis  to  receive  the  fumes  of  it  oncve- 
\\  |  .tit  ol  their  Mil  faces.  Thisme- 
thod  of  glaring  earthen  ware  with 
salt,  wat  iaAtsdnocd  into  England 
by  two  brothen  from  Holland,  of 
the  Dame  of  Elcrs,  about  the  year 
J70U:  they  settled  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  Staffordshire  potte- 
ries ;  and  it  is  remarkable,  that  the 
alarm  occasioned  by  the  fumes 
(which  spread  over  the  country) 
obliged  them  to  leave  it.  The  son 
of  one  of  these  artists  was  afterwards 
an  active  magistrate  of  the  county 
of  Oxford,  and  his  son  is  at  prevent 
a  very  respectable  English  barrister. 
A  similar  manufactory  was,  how- 
ever, soon  after  established  at  Shel- 
ton,  in  the  potteries,  by  one  of  their 
Workmen  named  Astbury,  who  pos- 
sessed himself  of  their  secret  ;  and 
as  it  became  of  great  utility,  it  was 
readily  tolerated  by  the  inhabitants; 
and  at  length,  on  the  common  day 
of  glazing  (Saturday),  the  thick 
offensive  fumes  from  fifty  or  sixty 
manufactories,  filled  the  valleys, 
and  covered  the  hills  of  a  district 
of  country  extending  many  miles. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  potteries 
have  been  established  for  many 
centuries  in  this  part  of  Stafford- 
shire, which  abounds  with  coal  at 
some  depth  indeed  below  the  sur- 
face :  strong  indications  have  been 
found  of  asiteof  Roman  potteries; 
but,  down  to  the  epoch  I  have  been 
speaking  of,  the  productions,  and 
the  condition  of  the  potters,  were  in 
much  the  same  rude  state  as  when 
Plott  made  his  survey  of  the  coun- 
ty. Messrs..  idlers  had  also  the  merit 


of  introducing  into  this  country  a 
red  onglatad  porcelain,  which  they 
made  from  a  clay  found  in  the  es- 
tate they  had  settled  upon  in  Staf- 
fordshire, called  Broadwall  ;  but  it 
was  only  the  brown  stone  ware,  of 
tlw  same  kind  as  that  now  made  by 
the  Lambeth  potters,  in  the  compo- 
sition of  which  no  Hint  is  used, 
which  they  glazed  in  the  manner 
above  described  :  the  white  stone 
ware,  and  the  use  of  ground  flints 
in  pottery,  are  discoveries  of  later 
jean,  and  owe  their  origin  to  the 
following  curious  incident  :  About 
the  year  1720,  a  potter  (believed  to 
be  the  Astbury  above-mentioned) 
travelling  to  London  on  horseback, 
had  occasion  at  Dunstable  to  seek 
a  remedy  for  a  disorder  in  his 
horse's  eyes,  and  the  hostler  of  the 
inn,  by  burning  a  flint-stone,  reduc- 
ed it  to  a  fine  powder,  which  he  blew 
into  them.  It  sufficiently  appears 
from  history,  literary,  natural,  and 
civil,  and  this  anecdote  among  a 
thousand  others  confirms  the  truth 
of  the  observation,  that  the  useful 
arts,  and  almost  all  the  hints  that 
have  chiefly  contributed  to  the 
promotion  of  science,  have  been 
furnished  more  from  accident  than 
design;  not  so  much  from  the  natu- 
ral vigour  and  celestial  fire  of  the 
soul,  as  from  particular  facts  ob- 
truded by  chance  at  different  times 
on  different  persons. 

The  potter  observing  the  beau- 
tiful white  colour  of  the  flint  after 
calcination,  instantly  conceived  the 
uses  to  which  it  might  be  applied 
in  his  manufacture  ;  and  then  intro- 
ducing into  use  the  white  pipe  clays 
found  on  the  north  side  of  Devon- 
shire, instead  of  the  irony  clays  of 
his  own  country,  he  readily  produc- 
ed a  white  stone  ware.   At  iirst  the 


w  rr. 


10c 


flints  were  reduced  to  powdei  l>v 
manual  labour,  fo  the  great  injury 
<>i'  the  1 1  » mI  ;   but  the 

immortal  Brindley.  in  theearly  part 
of  bis    I'l-  .   <  led   the    rnilln 


of  London,  f 

p 

propel    fof    ■  -  t'ii'-    1:1    iip  • 
\v;r   no    in  dl     fep  in  fh 

he  found  <ini  the  i  I      titing 


that  ;irc  at   present  used  I 


ing  them  In  a  moist  state, 
tew  of  the  present  day  liave  dis- 
i ■■•(!,  that  the  pipe  clays  of  the 
south  side  of  the  county  of  Devon, 
are  superior  to  those  of  the  north 
side,  which  are  consequently  aban- 
doned ;  and  they  are  now  supplied 
from  the  south,  and  from  the  Isle  of 
Porbcck  in  Dorsetshire. 

The  late  Mi.  \S  edgwood  was  ;i 
native  of  Burslem,  where  his  fore- 
fathers for  several  generations  had 
been  (letters,  fn  the  stage  of  the 
manufactory  we  have  described, 
and  about  the  year  I7.">0,  lie  had 
completed  an  apprenticeship  with 

his  rider  brother,  who  w  as  a  potter 

in  Burslem,  and  distinguished  him- 
self by  man}  ingenious  deviations 

from  the  usual  practice  of  the  pot 


ferent   colour  I  i  form   n 

aded  with  that  of  the  surface. 
When   lie  at  i  the 

i  iea  to  making  \ 
of  greater  hulk,  he  contrived  I 
the  colouring combin  it  inns  upon  the 
-in  face  only,  with  nearly 
lei  t.     Tims  was  product  d  a 
variety  of  coloured  earthi 

and  these  have  been  since  i. 

and  may  be  so  ad  infinitum,  by  ra- 
rying  the  proportions  of  the  sub- 
stances,  used.  These  were  soon  fol- 
lowed by  new  patterns  of  t<"i  equi- 
pages, modelled  and  coloured  i  i 
resemble  owe-opp/er,  //.•■  Ions,  ap- 
ples, caufi/toz  ertj  St.  Sr.  all  of 
which  in  their  day  We  recollect  to 


flpTS  in    (hove  days,    and  by  several     have  seen  the  shops   abound  with, 


striking  marks  of  youthful  genius. 
We  profess  not  to  be  the  biogra- 


and  immense  numbers  were  sent  to 
the  Continent,   but  now  they  are  no 


phers  of  this  eminent  man,    nor  are     longer  known.      To  these  sue 


>\e    possessed   o\'    materials  which 

would  enable  us    fo  be   SO  :    but    as 


ed  an  invention,  which  has  eventu- 
ally been  of  the  greatest  advantage 


almost  every  species  of  earthen  ware  to  the  commerce  of  the  countrv. 
now  produced  in  this  country,  In    the  year   17b3,    Mr.    W 

bis  original  invention,  and  has  only  wood   produced  a    new  species  of 

received  embellishments  from  sue-  earthen  ware  for  the  table,  covered 

ceeding    manufacturers,     together  with  a  rich  and  brilliant  glaze,  bear* 

with  some  alterations  to  suit   it  to  mg  sudden  alternations  of  heat  add 

the  varied  fashions  of  the  day.  bo  it  cold,   manufactured  with  ease  and 

is  hardly  possible  but  the  history  of  expedition,  and  consequent] ycheap. 

himself  must    in    some   degree   go  To     this      new    manufacture    the 

hand  in  hand  with  the  history  of  his  queen  was  pleased  to  give  her  name 

art.  and  patronage,  commanding  it  to 

Among  his  first  works,  were  the  be  called  {)  .and  honour- 

imitations   of  precious  stones,   and  ing  the  inventor  by  appointing  hi:n 

in  this   branch   he  carried  on  a  »  on-  her  majesty's    potter.      The   intro- 

siderablc  trade  with  the  travellers  duction  of  this  cream-coloured  arti- 

Xo.  II.    Vol.  I.  P 


l(Xj 


\v  UK.  W  Ooh   «     Ho.    MS. 


<  '   ,  verj  soon  put  a  stop  to  the  im-  ;  of  antiquity  to  \\  Inch  ho  could  «rtin 

ition   of    French    and    Dutch  access  at  home.     Others  he  sent  to 

lien  ware;  and  since  that  period  Home,  to  make  copies  and  cists  of 

*cr\  considerable  quantities  of  the  the  most  celebrated  medallions  ami 


new  ware  have  been  exported  to 
those  verj  countries,  and  to  every 
part  of  the  world.  To  Mr.  Wedg- 
wood weare  likewise  indebted  foi 
i he  iu\<  ution  of  the  following  kinds 
of  earthen  ware  and  porcelain,  viz. 

I.  A  terra  potta  ;  resembling  por- 
phyry, granite,  Egyptian  pebbles, 
;tnd  other  beautiful  stones  of  the  si- 
licious  or  chrystalline  order. 

9.  Bosaltes;  a  fine  blaek  porce- 
lain bisque,  of  nearly  the  same  pro- 
perties \\  iili  the  natural  stone  ;  it  re- 
ceives a  high  polish,  serves  as  a 
touch -stone    lor  metals,   strikes  fire 


entablatures,  which  he  afterwards 
e\.  ■<  oted     in     this     material,     ami 

;  chiefly  by  artists  whom  he  had 
reared  under  his  own  eve,  the  chil- 

(  dren  of  his  workmen  selected  by  him 
(br  the  marks  <>r  geuius  they  dis- 
played. Had  not  his  health  de- 
clined a  G'ood  deal  for  a  lew  of  the 
last  years  of  his  lite,  owing  to  the 
labours  of  youth  in  the  progress  of 

;  his  manufactory,  he  had  intended 
to  prosecute  this  branch  to  all  (he 
excellence  of  which  it  is  suscep- 
tible. 

1 1  is  much  admired  copy   of  the 


With  steel,   resists  all  the  acids,  and      Barberini,    or   Portland  iv/.vr,   was 


bears  w  ithont  injury  a  stronger  fire 
than  the  bosaltes  itself. 

.'■»'.  \  white  porcelain  bisque,  of 
a  smooth  wax-like  surface,  of  tin* 
same  properties  with  the  preceding, 
except  in  what  depends  upon 
colour. 

•1.   Jasper;      a     white     porcelain 

bisque,  of  exquisite  beauty  and  de- 
licacy .  possessing  (he  general  pro- 
perties of  the  basaltcs,  together  with 
that  of  receiving  colours  through  its 
whole  sub  •  in  a  manner  w  Inch 

no  other  body,  ancient  or  modern, 
lu:s  been  known  to  do  :  this  renders 
ii  peculiarly  lii  for  cameos,  por- 
traits, and  all  subjects  in  bass-relief, 
as  the  ground  may  be  coloured 
throughout,  without  paintorenamel, 


his  chef  (f<r/'\rc  in  (his  way. 

A  new  a  ra  in  pottery,  and  indeed 
in  (In*  arts  of  the  country,  was 
formed  by  (he  publication  of  Sir 
William  Hamilton's  book  of  Etrus- 
can Vases.  This  might  have  lain 
in  (iie  libraries  and  cabinets  of  (he 
<  urious,  and  not  have  produced  any 
general  effect,  without  the  aid  of  * 
man  of  genius  in  (he  situation  of 
Mr.  Wedgwood.  He  was  ;it  once 
charmed  with  the  beautiful  simpli- 
city of  the  forms,  and  placed  him- 
self for  days  at  the  bench  with  his 
workmen,  till  he  had  succeeded  in 
making  correct  copies  of  them. 
By  these  models,  he  revised  and  re- 
novated the  forms  of  his  manufac- 
tory ;   and  being  introduced  to  uni- 


whilsl   the  raised  figures  are  of  a     versa!    notice,  they   soon   engaged 


pure  white.  This  beautiful  material 

enabled  him  to  lay  the  foundation 
of  a  school  for  modelling  in  basso- 
relievo,  which  our  arlisN  had  before 
rfaid  very  little  attention  (o.  This 
was  a  favourite  object   with    him, 

liplo}  ed  the  best   artists    oi 

thai  i  copying  the  works 


the  attention  of  artists  in  other  ways, 
and  brought  about,  a  revolution 
very  favourable  to  the  taste  of  the 
.  for  before  this  time,  scarcely 
;in\  forms  were  to  be  seen  among 
our  works  of  ail,  but  the  old,  heavy, 
disgusting  French  forms. 

The  ail  of  pottery  in  litis  king- 


I!  I  Tlt.'^ITf    I      o  I      i'.    I  I  I  If  « 


107 


idem  is  no  less  indebted  to  ihis  in  •<■- 
nious  in  in   lor  various  Mi  icovcries, 

,mi. I    ihe  taste  which    In"  displaced, 

than  lor  (he  arrangement  and  me- 
chnnical  contrivances  which  be  in- 
troduced, in  which  the  manul  ic- 
turers  were  almost  entirely  defici- 
ent before  lie  began  liis  career.  One 
of  liis  p rc;ii(  i  improvenu  uls  in  litis 
way,  was,  the  application  of  the  »•//- 
gine  lot  he  to  the  purposes  of  pottery, 
about  the  year  1767.  This  has 
given  (he  meansof  such  extensive  I3 
varied  embellishments,  as  may  well 
entitle  it  i<>  be  considered  :i  new  ana. 
'I'lic  principal  improvements  which 
have  been  made  in  pottery  by  other 
manufacturers  within  the  last  twen- 
ty years,  have  been  in  the  blue 
printed  ware,  in  imitation  of  the 
blue  and  white  oriental  porcelain. 
This  has  been  carried  10  a  degree  of 
excellence  by  sonic  of  them,  sur- 
passing what  we  have  ever  received 
from  CAittOy  in  respect  to  the  art  of 
design  and  beauty  of  colouring,  and 
has  nearly,  it  not  altogether,  stop- 
ped the  importation  of  this  kind  of 
porcelain.  Even  to  this,  we  recol- 
lect, the  ingenuity  of  Mr.  Wedg- 
wood pointed  out  the  way:  for  he 
Mas  the  first  among  the  potters  who 
practised  tin'  art  of  displaying   this 


tine  blue  colo  M   Ml  lei  /'•  of 

a  while  ware  he  had 
made  immense  quant iii<  n  ol   i»   in 
table  1,  h  I'h   a  moni  led  or 

1  •   s< ill    ii, 

though  noi  in  1  liat  mi  w  liich 

ii  enjoj  >il  on  ii>  first   introdw 
( Hher  manufacture 
his  impri»\  eiiienl.   I>\  calling 
aid  oft  he  d<  lignernnd  -  1  and 

have  gr<  ai  met  it,  by  giving  tot  limt 
country  n  new  soun  e  of  ben<  . 
commerce.    Some  beautiful  s] 
mens  of  this  ware  are  exhibited  in 
these  rooms,  produced  bj  th 
proprietors.     This,   however, 
not  preclude  us  from  expressin 
sentiment  with  which  we  hai ••  all 
along  intended  to  conclude  ihis  ar- 
ticle, that   in  walking  throog-h 
rooms  of  Mr.  Wedgwood,  wei 
surprised  that  such  mult  it 
tich  a    could  Ik-   the  productio 
one  manufactory.   Our  surprise  was 
perhaps  in;  some  degree 

by     the    information    we    1 

that    this    concern    alone    i 

more  than  live  hundred  p  • 
,  this  rather  increased  than  dtminish- 

ed  die  respect  and  admiration v 
I  for  the  powers  of  that  mind  in  w 

all  these  important  discoveries 

irinated. 


retrospj'k  r 

I\  our  last  number  we  presented 
a  general  retrospect  of  the  principal 
events  which  marked  the  history  of 
the  year  1 808,  We  are  sorry  to 
stale,  that  the  present  year  has  com- 
menced under  circumstances  the 
most  inauspicious.  The  informa- 
tion which  we  have  received  in  the 
course  of  the  last  month,  gives  us 
no  reason  to  expect  that  the  present 
arduous  contest  vail  toon  be  tcinii- 


OF  POLITICS. 

I  nated.     The  sanguine  hopes  wl 
during  the year  1808,  tilled  and  in- 
spired   every  generous   breast,   are 

,  now    considerably    depress  d.     :>-id 
those  bright   prospects  which  Spas- 
nidi    loyalty   and    patriotism 
opened  to  the  world,   are  much  o!v- 
scured.     An  awful  cloud,    fraught 
with   all    the   elements   of  inl- 
and ruin,  hangs  over  that  country, 
to  which  the  hopes  01   ail 
P  2 


JOS 


Tsrr.r?  or  rouncs. 


were  lately  directed;  and  Napoleon 

Bonaparte,  like  the  nonius  of  evil, 

or  the  destroying  angel,  ••  1 1*.  1  s  in 

whirlwind,    and    directs    the 

storm.  "  Tin1  armies  of  Spain  have 
been  Rcattered  before  hhn,  ami  the 
British  army  lias  retreated  without 
waiting  6k  the  contest.  Although 
the  hopes  ami  feelings  of  the  I 
I  till    fondly  cling    to 

f  portion  of  the  Spanish  penin- 
sula which   li  i.   not    \<  t   submitted 
to  flip  tyrant,  those  hopes  arc  much 
nine  than  they  lately  were, 

those  feelings  are  sickened  in 
tiie  eontem  plat  ion  of  the  great  cala- 
mities which  have  recently  befallen 
the  Spanish  nation,  whose  cause 
was,  and  still  is,  so  justly  dear  to 

v  British  bosom. 
When  in  our  last  number  ivc 
mentioned  the  arrival  of  Bonaparte 
at  .Madrid,  we  were  not  aware  of 
t!ie  extent  of  the  calamity  which 
Spain  had  suffered,  but  still  relied 
on  the  wisdom  am!  patriotism  of 
her  generals,  and  the  spirit  and 
unanimity  of  the  people;  we  still 
hoped  that  the  Spaniards  would  op- 
pose  a  determined  resistance  to  the 
enemy,  and  that  our  brave  army 
would  be  able  to  second  their  gene- 
rous efforts,  and  gain  immortal  ho- 
nour for  themselves  and  their  coun- 
try. We  little  expected  to  hear  the 
charges  of  treason  or  cross  incapa- 
city applied  (and  perhaps  justly  ap- 
plied) to  8 u oh  nanifs  as  Mnrla  and 

After;  and  still  less  did  v, 
p^rt  to  hear  the  inhabitants  of  the 
noith  of  Spain  reproached  by  Ge- 
neral Rom  an  n  for apathy  and  bid  if- 
f  T<ncc  to  the  public  cause.  We 
did  entertain  the  hope,  which  every 

Lishman  indulged  in,  that  our 
prand  army  in  Spain  should  mea- 
sure its  strength  with  the  enemy  in 


equal  combat;  and  we  certainly  did 
feel  confident,  that  the  valour  and 
prowess  of  our  troops  would  have 
borne  them  nobly  through  the  con- 
test. We  flattered  ourselves  with 
the  hope  of  recording  our  own 
triumphs  and  those  of  our  allies. 
The  scene,  alas  !  is  changed,  ami 
tin  faithful  historian  of  the  calami- 
tous times  in  which  we  li\<\  id 
obliged  to  direct  his  principal  atten- 
tion to  the  operations  of  the  great 
actor  and  prime  cause  of  all  the  po- 
litical evils  which  the  theatre  of 
Spam  and  of  Europe  now  exhibits. 
Bonaparte  had  well  digested  his 
plans  before  he  entered  Spain.     He 

perceived  that  the  Spaniards  had 
lost  a  considerable  portion  of  time, 
and  that  their  preparations  for  de- 
fence were  insufficient  and  incom- 
plete. There  was  no  connection 
between  Blake's  army,  which  bare- 
ly exceeded  '20,000  fighting  men, 
and  the  central  army  commanded 
by  Qastanos.  As  to  the  army  of 
l.stremadura  (which,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  British,  was  to  have 
formed  the  army  of  reserve,)  it  was 
contemptible,  and  the  British  troops 
which  were  to  have  supported  it, 
were  near  a  month's  march  behind 
them.  Under  these  circumstances, 
Bonaparte  found  it  an  easy  task  to 
conquer  and  disperse  the  armies  of 
Spain  separately.  Blake's  army 
was  the  only  one  which  gave  him 
any  serious  resistance,  and  which 
appears  to  have  fully  discharged 
i(s  duty  to  (he  country.  The  army 
of  Estreraadura  were  most  shame- 
fully beaten  out  of  Burgos,  with 
great  loss,  and  were  afterwards  beat- 
en out  of  what  had  been  considered 

1  an  impregnable  position,  the  pass 

ofSomo-Sierra.  The  central  army, 
also;  experienced  a  complete  defeat, 


RETROSPECT    OF    POLITIC*. 


109 


the  c?nse  of  which  is  distim  ll\  al- 
ii i!)nii(l  l>\  iikiii v  persons  in  Spain, 
to   i Ik-  incapacity  "i   '<•  u  few  rj   of 

(icrici.il  (  aslanos.  ( ii'iiri  il  <  )\\ci!l, 
who   commanded    the    lell    pjrjypg    <>' 
;>  mi   !i  ;  1 1 1 1 1  v   ;it  Tud|  I  i- 

in  liis  official  .ir,  mill  of  thai  pari  <>f 
Hie  battle  thai  he  was  rng  iged   in, 

.(  would  h  a\e  b«*n  a  ronijil  I.- 
\irfory  if  lie  had  bei  n  ->i  |«|»  u  U  \  hv 
the  (enter.       Whether   f Jit*    ch 

against  Castanos  are  well  founded 

or  not,  still  the  evil  has  Lapp 

the  armies  ofSpaiu  have  been  beat* 

en  ;uid  dispersed,  half  of  that  coun- 
try already  conquered,  and  we  fear, 
the  British  army  is  rather  in  a  si- 
tuation to  consult  iK  own  safety. 
than  ono  in  which  it  can  retrieve  it. 
The  system  which  Bonaparte  has 
frithciip  pursued  in  Spain,  is  ;i 
mixture  of  farce  and  conciliation. 
Helms  entered  Spain,  not  for  the 
purpose  ot"  revenging  any  injury  or 
affront,  bul  for  the  avowed  purpose 
of  conquering  the  country,  pla<  ing 
ihe  Spanish  crown  on  his  own  head, 
or  that  of  his  brother,  and  retaining 
the  conquests  that  he  expects  to 
make.  It  would,  therefore,  be  bad 
policy  iu  hiin  to  add  to  the  hated 
which  the  Spaniards  feel  against 
him,  his  family,  and  Jus  nation] 
on  the  contrary,  he  offers  general 
pardons,  except  to  about  ten  or 
twelve  of  the  principal  men  in 
Spain,  whom  lie  denounces  as  trai- 
tors to  France  and  Spain,  and  de- 
crees that  their  properly  shall  be 
confiscated,  and  themselves  shot  as 
soon  as  taken.  Among-  the  pro- 
scribed are,  the  Dukes  de  L'lrdan* 
tado  and  Medina  Cceli,  Don  Pe- 
dro Cevallos,  and  the  Bishop  of  St. 
Andero.  The  capitulation  of  Ma- 
drid appears  to  be  a  shameful  trans- 
pjction,    and    to   rix   the    charge  of 


■  n  upon  M * . r J  i .   rid  other*    by 

w  bom    if    was    iii  i".(  i  it.d.        Tin  y 

agreed  thai  th  |  the 

inhabitants  should  be  disarmed;  and 

i bej  bad  tin  w  to  --tip 

for  Hi'  .  that  1 1,  |  re- 

tain their  places  md  appointmc 

iii.   therefore,   by    BO   means  sur- 
y,  thai  the    popuhlOB  of 

drid  should  coaeei  e  they  h  id 
sold  to  slavery  -by  the  treachery   sf 

Morla  and  1 1  |  rib.       When 

the  new.;  was   fiflst  d  of  the 

surrender    of   Midi  id,     I  hose    who 
were  meet     tag  uin    in  the  6    mist 

cau-e.    <  (Nil  Sld<  J    that    thl 

siou  of  the  capital  did  not  ad\ 
the  eneraj  in  obtaining  )■  i 

of  the  country.      The  juntos,  | 
<\er.  in   Spain,  .seemed  to   a  '    I 

the  matter   in    a  d  liferent    poi 
view,  and  took  every  possible 
caution  to   prevent  the  news  of  its 
surrender  from  spreading,  and   to 
report  that   Madrid  was  making-  an 
obstinate  defence. 

In  consequence  of  this  report, 
Sir  John  Moore,  who  had  remained 
ibraconsider  dilef  ime  at  S dnmanca, 
and  who  bad  given  orders  to  sir 
David  Baird  to  retreat,  revoked 
thoscotders,  and  n  mpt 

■  movement!  as  a  diver-ion.  II  av- 
ing  effected  a  junction  with  Sir  Da- 
vid Baird  and  Lord  P  .  id- 
ranced  wuh  one  of  the  lao 
derable  British  armies  thatnver  w.<» 
tbled  on  the  Continent,  to  the 
attack  of  a  French  sarat  of  about 
!S,000  men,  onasasandad  by  Mar* 
slial  Souii.  who  arera  pasted  at 
Soldannah.  On  nil  march  be  *  n 
joined  by  a  strong  detachment  from 
Komana's  army,  and  his  entire 
force  could  not  be  much  less  than 
40. IKK)  men.  On  his  arrival,  upon 
the  23d  oi  December,  almost  with- 


110 


RF.TIH    -  rol.lTK  «. 


in  sight  of  the  enenrj  he  came  to  at-  Whetherthe  British  airoy  collective** 

tack,  he  iiifucil  information, thai  ly,  or  i In*  British  nation  altogether, 

Marshal  Soult  had  received  n  con-  can,  by  any  possible  exertion,  save 

siderablc  reinforcement  from  Polen-  the  world   from  thai  ruin  and  de- 

oia,  and  that  Bonaparte,  at  the  head  gradation  with   which   it    is   now 

of  hie  Whole  army,  had  lefl  Madrid  threatened.       Wo   cannot    pretend, 

to  cut  oil*  his  retreat.      Upon    this  at  present,  to  pronounce  any  opinion 

information,  Sir' John  Mooreresolv"  respecting  the  propriety  of  (lie  re« 

a\    upon    an    immediate    retreat,  treat  of  the  British  army,  as  very 

Whcthefthis  information  was  wor-  little  information  on  the  subject  had 

thy  of  credence,   or  whether  it  was  been    received    at  the  time   that  the 

possible  for  Bonaparte  to  have  cat  materials  of  which  this  work  is  com  - 

oil  his  retreat,  if  he  had  waited  to  posed,  were,   necessarily,   sent    to 

attack  Soldi,  cannot  be  ascertained  I  press.    We  have,  only  heard,  that 

from   the   information   now    before  government     hare    sent,    and    are 

the  pnblic,  as  extracts  onl\  of  Sir  sending  more  troops  to  Spain,  and 

John  Moore's  official  letter  have  been  that  it  is  1>\  no  means  certain  that 

printed.    It  appears,  however,  cer-  Sir JohnMoore intends tore-embark. 

tain,  (as  far  as  we  can  rely    upon  We  ardently  wish  there  may  be  no 

thcYrcnch  bulletins)  that  Bonaparte  necessity  for  such  a   measure,  that 

knew  nothingof  this  movement  of  the  British  army  may  still  be  able 

Sir  John  Moore  On  the    19th,  and  to  perform  the  task  i'oi  which  it  was 

that    he  had  not    then   detached  a  originalh  sent  out,  and   noblv  an- 

I  .  • 

man  from  his  grand  army  at  Madrid,  swer  tlie  high  expectations:  which 

ft  is  evident,  therefore,  that  either!  Europe,  has  formed  from  its  irelN 
the  French  bulletin  of  the  If'tli  is  known  valour  and  discipline,  it 
totally  untrue,  or  else  that  this  in-  will  give  us  tin- most  sincere  plea- 
formation  which  determined  the  sure  to  be  able,  in  our  succeeding 
sudden  retreat  of  the  British  army,!  number,   to  record  some  bright   a- 


wns  merely  a  false  alarm,  in  the 
march,  as  well  as  in  the  retreat, 
many  corps  of  the    British    cavalry 

were   engaged    with  the    enemy's 

horse,  and  were  always  successful. 
The  superiority  of  the  British  ca- 

-\alry  to   that   of  the   French,    has 


enlevements,  which  may  rcllect  ho- 
nour upon  this  country,  and  allow 
us  to  entertain  more  sanguine  hopes 
of  the  ulterior  success  of  the  Spa- 
nish cause. 

Jn  our  last  number  we  stated,  that 
the  Convention  of  (.'intra  wad  then 


been    completely    ascertained,    and      under  examination  before  the  Hoard 

this  circumstance  would  have  been,    of    Inquiry    at    Chelsea.      That 

in  any  other  period  of  our  history,     board    has    since    presented    its   re- 


,'i  great  Bubject  of  national  triumph: 
the  times  are,  however,   now   Kong 

pas?    as  lien    nations    fought    merely 

for  honour.     They  are  now  fighting 

for  their  existence  :  and  t  he  question 
is  not  so  much,  whether  the  British 


port,  in  which  the  members  were 
unanimous  in  recommending  that 
no  court-martial  should  l>e  resorted 
to,  and  in  bearing  testimony  to  the 
-(ill  ami  firmness  of  all  the  Ihne 
generals*    Three  ol  them,  however. 


troops  are,  or  are  not,  superior  to     Lords    Moira    and    Pembroke,    and 
the    French    at  equal  numbers,    as  ■  General    Nichols,    disapproved    of 


r  i  i  rtospr.f  i   of  poi.rTica* 


III 


the  COn^  ention  ;  but  all  ol  lliein.  <  \- 

cept  l.onl  Moira,  approved  of  the 
armistice  which  preceded  it.  Thii 
report  has,  however,  in  m>  d< 
changed  Ihe  opinion  which  the 
public  had  previously  formed.  The} 
still  continue  to  think,  thai  the  result 
of  the  campaign  in  Portugal  bad 
disappointed  the  |ns(  and  reasonable 
expectations  of  the  country.  Thej 
stillremaiu  impressed  with  the  idea, 
that  blame  attaches  somewhere. 
They  cannot  understand  bow  Ihe 
v  une  measure  <>/'  pi  (Use  and  the 
same  terms  can  be  applied  t. 
Arthur  VVclleslcy  and  to  Sir  II. 
Burrard.  If  the  board  thought  that 
Sir  Arthur  YYellesley  was  right  in 
wishing  to  follow  up  the  victory 
of  Vera  icra  to  the  utmost,  and  march- 
ing to  Torres- Vedaos,  ii  is  difficult) 
indeed  very  difficult,  to  conceive 
thai  Sir  Harry  Burrard  was  entitled 
to  the  praise  of  firmness  for  n-sisi- 
tng  that  plan  ;  inasmuch  as  firmness 
in  error,  and  in  opposing  what  is 
right,  has  not  been  hitherto  consi- 
dered  a  praiseworthy  quality :  but, 
on  the  other  hand,  if  the  board  con- 
ctived  that  Sir  Arthur  was  wrong, 
and  that  Sir  II.  Burrard  was  right, 
U  would  have  been  more  satisfacto- 
ry to  the  public,  if  they  had  expi 
•d  that  opinion  unequivocally  and 
distinctly.  All  the  members  (with 
the  exception  of  Lord  Moira)  ap- 
proved of  the  armistice  concluded 
on  the  33d,  conceiving,  thatas  the 
French  bad  retired  to  a  strong  de- 
fensive position,  it  was  prudent  to 
sign  an  armistice,  that  would  give 
time  to  Sir  John  Moore's  division  to 
land  and  form  a  junction  with  the 
army.  Lord  Pembroke  and  Gene- 
ral Nichols  coincided  in  this  opi- 
nion, but  disapproved  of  the  final 
convention  as  unnecessary.     Lord 


Moira  dm  stated  with  great  ability 

his  reasons  for  disapprot  ing  both  of 
ii,.-  .11  m*i  <  <•  and  Ihe  convention* 
As  to  ill'1  armistii  >■.  bis   "'';■  ction 

:  bat  i'  was  not  t<»  be  consid 
mi  relj  as  a  suspension  of  arm-,  bat 
as  an  ai  ranj  •  ment  a  hich  formed  the 

of  the  convention.  lie  con* 
ceived  the  convention  altogether. 
iiiiik  < .  ary,  as  the  retreat  of  Ju> 
not's  army  nv .» -  compleu  \y  cut  oil". 

Siip|n  army  had  crossed  lh« 

-.  tin  v  would  b  ive  found  the 
pro\  ince  of  Ah  ntt  ja  in  coropl  t<; 
insurrection  against  tlicii  <  onquer- 

ors,  and  a  retreat  til 
was  impracticable  after  the  surren- 
der »i  Dupont  in  Andalnsia,  which 
set  the  Spanish  army  of  Andalusia 
at  full  liberty  to  oppose  the  retreat 
of  Juuot  in  that  direction. 

If  the  wisdom  of  a  measure  is  to 
be  estimated  from  its  result,  the 
Convention  of  ('intra  must  appeal 
fully  a  *  objectionable  i  I  did 

when  the  country  was  first  afflii  I 
w  ith  the  new-,  of  its  h  iving 
signed.  The  principal  argument 
in  favour  of  it  vt as,  that  it  would 
liberate  the  British  army  in  Portu- 
gal, and  enable  it  to  come  to  lllC 
nice  of  the  Sp  miaids  b  (fore 
Junot's  army  could  come  >  l  >  tin* 
We  find,  !.  .  in  point 

of  tact,   that  on  the  very  fir-t  at- 
tempt  made  by  the  British  ar: 
effect  a  diversion  in  favour  of  S, 

lung  Mai  » 

found  his  army  supported  bj 
identical  army  commanded  I  v 
oeral  Junot :    it  tb 
appear  that  any  thing  material  in 
p.'iut  <>\   time  was  gained  on 
part  of    i  ish.      Tin  re   has; 

hardly   ever  been  a  subje   I 

chgeneralinf  . 
out  this  country*  n-:  the  C 


112 


vrTunrrre  r  or  roLTTit*. 


of  Cintr*.  Sir  Arthur  Wetteftlev 
V  i  well  known  to  the  public  from 
his  splendid  achievements  in  India, 
and  hi  high  connections  with  the 
state.  Sir  Hew  Dalrympfe  and  Sir 
Ff .  Dorrard  were  comparativery  un- 
.n.  The  high  opinion  which 
the  country  formed  of  the  military 
talents  of  Sir  Arthur  AWllesley 
Were  confirmed  by  the  account  of 
his  victory  at  Vemiera,  and  •when 
they  found  no  better  fruit  from  that 
glorious  victory  than  the  Conven- 
tion of  Cintra,  they  naturally  felt 
the  keenest  disappointment,  and 
w<  r«  divided  in  their  opinions  BB  to 
the  party  on  whom  the  blame  ought 
to  fall.  Those  -who  most  admired 
tlie  talents  of  Sir  Arthur  WeWesley 
were  at  lirsf  disposed  to  throw  the 
whole  blame  upon  Sir  Hew  Dal- 
rymple,  who  (not  being  much 
known)  was  represented  ;i»  a  super- 
annuated general,  who  threw  away 
the  fruits  of  Sir  Arthur's  victory. 
Sir  Hew,  however,  appeared  in  a 
vrrv  different  light beforethe  Hoard 
of  Inquiry,  lie  is  a  man  of  very 
soldier-like  appearance,  and  in  his 
manner  a  perfect  gentleman.  He 
displayed  considerable  abilities  in 
his  answ<  -II  as  in  the  ques- 

tions he  put;  and  as  he  had  not 
landed  till  theS9d,  when  the  French 
had  taken  such  a  defensive  position 
as  made  an  armistice  advisable  in 
tlie  opinion  of  Sir  Arthur  \\  ellesley 
himself,  Sir  Hew  Dalrymple  was 
evidently  responsible  merely  for  tlie 
terms  of  the  convention.  The 
most  violent  attacks  were  directed 
igailist  Sir  Arthur  Wcllesley  in  the 
public  prints,  but  they  were  prin- 
cipally founded  on  the  mistaken 
opinion,  that  the  armistice  was  al- 
together negotiated  by  him,  and 
that  Sir  Hew  Dalrymple  merely  fol- 


lowed the  track  which  he  had  laid 
down.  This  mistake  arose  from  an 
equivocal  expression  in  the  dispatch 

of  Sir  Hew,  when  he  stated  the  ar- 
mistice to  have  been  w  negotiated 
and  signed  by  Sir  Arthur  Welles- 
ley.*1  Sir  Hew,  however,  in  his 
evidence,  declared  that  he  had  not 
iiit(  nded  to  attribute  the  negociating 
to  Sir  Arthur,  but  merely  the  sign- 
ing. Sir  Arthur  Wcllesley  display- 
»d.  during  the  examination  before 
the  board,  very  superior  military 
talents  and  knowledge  of  the  sub- 
ject under  discussion,  insomuch  that 
it  is  now  a  very  universal  subject  of 
regret,  that  he  was  superseded  by 
others,  and  not  allowed  to  carry  his 
own  plans  into  execution.  Tin- 
characters  of  the  different  generals 
have  been  appreciated  by  the  opi- 
nion of  the  country,  and  We  do  not 
find  it  necessary  to  say  any  thing 
more  on  that  subject.  As  to  the 
conduct  of  government  in  this  bu- 
siness, it  is  not  objected  to  them 
even  by  their  opponents,  that  they 
were  indifferent  to  the  fate  of  the  ex- 
pedition,or  that  they  spared  anyVv- 
ertion  which  could  have  been  made 
to  reinforce  the  army,  or  that  they 
neglected  any  means  which  might 
have  contributed  towards  its  success. 
The  accounts  lately  received  from 
Atnerica,  have  been  very  different 
from  what  might  reasonably  have 
been  expected.  "When  the  com- 
merce oi'  America  had  been  nearly 
ruined  by  tlie  embargo  acts,  from 
the  operations  of  which  Mr.  Jef- 
ferson vainly  thought  that,  he  could 
starve  this  country  into  compliance 
with:  his  demands,  it  was  reason- 
able to  expect  the  American  legis- 
lature, listening  to  the  wishes  of 
their  merchants,  would  have  repeal- 
ed those  acts  which  injured  America 


UTFRAriY    iroTHB!    A  n  !>    I  N  i  I  I .' 


III 


more  than  any  other  country  i  on  the 

«-(Mili, ii  v,    llicy     h       <      n    Ol  ved,    nol 

only  to  continui  those  acts,  but  en- 
tirely to  stop  the  iu  tor  course  between 
their  own  country  and  the  belli  ■•  - 
mil  powers  of  Europe,  li  does  not 
appear  likely  that  their  non-inter- 
con isc act  will  be  of  mote  avail  than 
their  embargo  acts.  The  Amcric  m 
government  recommends  (ho. (  mea- 
sures as  the  only  alternative  between 
absolute  war  with  England  and 
.Trance,  ami  submission  to  their 
decrees.  The  event  of  the  elec- 
tions proves,  that  the  American  go- 
vernineiit  is  more  popular  in  that 
country  than  was  supposed,  as  their 
candidate,  Mr.  Maddigon  (who 
will  certainlj  follow  the  steps  of 
,K d'erson)  has  had  a  great  majority 
in  almost  all  (he  states,  for  his  elec- 
tion <o  t  lie  presidem  :y.  The  .state 
or'  tyfcseachussets  i.s  the  only  one 
which  appears  dec u led  I  \  hostile  to 
the  meaMires  of  I  li ; ■  i  r  government. 
Among  tlie   documents   which  were 

laid  before  the  legislature  by  the  go- 
vernment, (here  is  an  answer,  by  Mr. 
Secretary  Canning,  to  the  proposi- 
tion of  Mr.  Pinkney,  on  the  part 

ot'  America,  to  do  away  the  embar- 
go with  respect  tons,  it  this  coun- 
try would  rescind  its  orders  in  couii- 
cij   as    iar   as    respected    America. 


This  proposition  w  \y  1 

.  the  UriiMi  govern 

.d  were  n  I 

to  limerit  i.  bat  for  the  pu 

retaliating  in  iora< 

for  llw  iuj 

upon    tj  try,    by 

•tion  of  I  ting 

and  that, 
liis    ii  ouid    not 

give  up  his  j'!-t  right  of  retali 

on  hi  j  in  consideration  oi 

the  repeal  0/  an  embargo  act, 

measu/C  of  internal  regulation, 
with  which  lie  had  nothing  to  do, 

and   of  which    he    h  id  never    « 

plained.  Mr.  Canning's  letter  is 
undoubtedly  a  very  masterly  and 
spirited  state  paper,  and  places  the 
matters  in  issue  between  (/'real  Uri- 
tain  and  America  upon  t  boscgronnds 
which  we  believe  will  be  Very  gene- 
rally approwd  ol*  in  this  country. 
This,  as  well  as  (lie  many  important 
events  ol'  the  last  si\  mouths,  will 
soon  be  the  subject  of  parliamentary 
discussion,    and    the    nation    looks 

forward  with  no  common  degree  <  I 
anxiety  to  the  opinions  which  will 
bedelivered  by  their  representatives, 
upon  .subjects  rendered  more  inte- 
resting by  the  momentou  ■ 
which  they  are  agitated. 


LITERARY  NOTICES  AND  INTELLIGENCE. 


Tor  Rev.  Tdward   Davies,  au- 
thor of  Celtic  Researches*    ! 
work  in  continuation  of  the  subject. 

in  the  press,  and  will  short !y  ap- 
pear. 

Dr.  Kidd's  Outlines  of  Wi/nra- 
/<>!>i/,  in  two  octavo  volumes,  will 
be  published  in  the  course  of  a 
fortnight. 

No.  II.  Vol.1. 


Mr.  I  lay  ley's   Life  of  Romnet/, 
in   a  quarto  volume,    illustrated  by 
engravings,  ■  nearly  ready  for  pab- 
,  beat  ion. 

Mr.  Johnes1   translation  of 

Chronicles  of  ftfonxi 

... 
:  continuation  of  i  roi--  oi.i- 

ties,  will  appear  in  Mae  conn 

next  s  pring,  in  four  quarto  volunies- 


m 


LITERARV    NOTICES    AND    INTELUGtXI  E. 


Mr.    Thomas    Mortimer,     vice- 
eonsul  at  ( h  t<  ,.il  forty   \ 
js  preparing  a  new  Dictionary  of 
Trade,   Comnierce,  and  AI ami fac- 
tini  ?. 

Dr.  Hnles'  firs!  volume  of  a 
Analysis  of  Chronology  is  expect- 
ed to  appeal  this  month.     Jt  \\ili 
make  three  quarto  volumes. 

Dr.  Nott's  edition  of  the  P 
of  Henry  //  .  Earl  of  Surry, 

will  shortly  be  published. 

Mr.  Todd's  new  edition  of  Mil' 
ton  wlllappearin  a  few  weeks;  and 
he  has  sent  to  press,  Observations 
on  Goxcer  and  Chaucer. 


of  arms,  and  dismay  waves  heir 
banner  over  prostrate  millions,  i(  is 
ing  to  find  a  class  of  men  de- 
voting themselves  to  alleviate  tin* 
sufferings  of  humanity,  and  exert- 
ing thi  IT  talents  to  devise  new  modes 

verting  the  ravages  of  disease, 
or  tempering   tlie    inevitable    ap- 

■•■.■  of  d  :ath.  From  every  ac- 
count which  \\c  have  been  able  to 
procure,  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  tins  country  has  attained  a  higher 
degree  of  perfection  than  in  any 
other.  This  chiefly  consists  in  the 
strici  attention  which  is  now  given 
to  the  appearances  of  disease   as 


Mr.  James  Elme's  is  engaged  on    they  actually  occur;  in  accounting 

ft  Dictionary  of  the  Fine  Arts,   to    for  them  upon  rational  principles  ; 

include  accounts  of  the  arts  in  theo-    0r  when  unable  to  explain  them  by 

ry  and  practice,    and   of  their  pro-     any  known  laws  of  the  animal  eco- 

rs  in  all  ages.  noray,    in  a   candid   acknowledg- 

!■  ment  of  incap  icity,  which  necessa- 

Tn  considering  the  present  state  rily  induces  a  more  minute  investt- 
of  medicine  in  Great  Britain,  the  gat  ion.  The  philosophy  of  the 
philanthropist  will  be  gratified  by  immortal  Verulam  is  admirably 
observing  the  distinguished  and  ho-  'adapted  to  medical  enquiries,  and 
nourable  characters  of  its  various  the  induction  from  tacts  (the  only 
professors,  most  pf  whom  aim  ra-  legitimate  mode  of  forming  a  sys- 
therat  securing  a  fair  reputation,  tcra>  has  done  more  for  medicine  in 
by  unremitting  diligence,  and  un-  the  space  of  one  century,  than  all 
wearied  efforts  to  improve  the  sci-  the  hypothetical  notions  and  frige- 
rnce.  than  by  meanly  practising  on  •  „j,,„s  Sj)(.(  illations  of  all  the  would- 
tl.e  ignorance  and  prejudices  of  be-philosophers  that  ever  existed, 
mankind.    Quacks  indeed  there  are,     h  is  not  ih.u  physicians  in  Tie  pre- 


c  w  ho  are  dr.  med 

I  educate  <i,  and  legal I3  au- 

;        z  d  to  pra<  tisc  ;    but  these  are 

known  to  the    |  Ion,   if  not  to 

the   world,    ;,in\    though   they  may 

tten  on  the  follies  of 
tin-  multitude,  they  can  never  ob- 
tain  the  <   '• « in  of  tin  table 

portion  of  theil  brethren,   nor  meet 

the  approving  smiles  of  an  honest 
|  endent  man. 
Whilst  i  ..  the  din 


sent  age  are  more  Learned,  or  pos» 
greater  talents  than  those  of 
former  times  :  but  they  have  a  bet- 
ter way  of  applying  them:  instead 
of  torturing  their  invention  with  the 
formation  of  new  hypotheses,  they 
are  content  to  collect  and  arrange 
facts.      Besides  all  this,  the  facility 

of  acquiring  anatomical  knowledge 
is  now  greater,  and  morbid  anato- 
my is  more  investigated  :  physio- 
logy is  pursued  with  increasing  ar« 


LITER  A  HI     NOTICES    AND    I  '■  i  i.;  I  U   I 


115 


dour,  and  lias  highly  rewarded  its 
culth ators  l>\  \  ii  iou  .  impoi  tanl 
discovei ics  ;  w hilst  the  <! aily  \  >>•- 
gressive  advance  of  chemistry, 
throws  new  Ii'  lii  upon  li\  ing  as 
will  ;iS  inanimate  matten  ;  all 
spiring  to  divest  theory  t»i  erroneous 
principli  i,  and  teuding  to  simplify 
practice! 


pretender  to  medicine,  blindl)  fol- 
low ing  thin  master  in  practice, 
out    hi*,    discrimination    oj    j 

lllClll    ? 

Since  the  !•'    i  on  <»J  l)i . 

I lamiliuii,  demon  (rating the  ut 
<ii  purg .up,  pjj,  tin   <  lasa  <•!  mcdii 
lias  been  more  cx1  employ  - 

cm  I,  and  with  decided  a<i 


The  last  year  has  not  been  pro-     mam  complaints,  especially  I 


ductive  of  any  great  or  marked 
changes  in  medical  opinion,  nor,  in 
Us  present  maturity,  could  much 
deviation  be  rationally  expected. 

\\ e    lliinlv    if    our  duly,    however, 

to  notice  the  increasing  practice  of 
using  mercurial  preparations.  If 
might  seem  fruitless  to  insist  on  the 
necessity  of  exercising  extreme 
caution  in  the  administration  of  a 
medicine  with  such  powers  as 
<ur\  is  known  to  possess;  ycl  the 
most  ignorant  apothecary,  who 
ought  merely  to  prepare  the  reme- 
dy, will  give  i(   freely  in  the  mos* 


the  stomach  and  bo  ... '  t  which  re- 
sisted  stimulating  remedi 
been  effectually  relies  ed  by  tho  s 
of  an    aperient  nature;  and  • 

of  f>^-« »|>lc-  have  been 
from  the  \<t\  pus  of  death,  I 
well-timed    exhibition  of  a  purga- 
tive; though  their  friends  objected, 
because  they  contended^  that  no  i 
rishinent  had  been  taken  into  ill 
tent.    Ii  is  a  very  fatal  source  of  error 
to  imagine,  thatrbeeause  little  nutri- 
ment  is  taken,    there  is  therefore 
no  necessity  for  evacuents  ;  by  emp- 
tying the  intestinal  canal,   we  i 


trifling  indisposition  ;  anil   fhephy-  at  once   remove   the   cause  of  t 
sician  is  actually  called  into  check  and  various  other  severe  compl 
the  excess  of  salivation,   or  rescue  apparently  unconnected   with   the 
the  unfortunate  sufferer  from  some  state  of  the  bowels,      Very   many 
of  the  more  fatal   consequences  ol  .  which  in  the  hands  of  some. 
mercurial  action  ;  from  locked  jaw,  men  would  be  dosed  with  calo 
from  rheumatism,  from  palsy,  from  will  yield  to  the  simplest  purgatives; 
consumption.     Who  would  put  a  and  many  sucking  babes  we  are  < 
loaded  musket  into  the  hands  of  an  fident  might  thus  be  saved  from  de- 
idiot?    Why  are  unskilful  men  suf-  ,  struction. 


lered   to  play  with   a   medicine  e- 
qually  dangerous  in  such   hands  : 


We  have  already  extended  this 
article  so  much,  that  \>c  can  give  but 


A  physician,  of  eminence  in  this  me-     very  brief  noti  teofthi  | 

tropolis  ma j  have  performed  Avon-     cipal  medical  works  i 

ders  with  mercury  :  if,  however,  hi      from  the  press  during  the  ii>i  year, 
connect   almost  every  disease    with     indeed  few  ofthem  require  any  com* 
morbid  action  of  the  liver,   we  arc    meats;  they  arc  sufficiently  d 
not  to  be  surprised,  that,  with  all  his  f  to  sink  without  our  t  ■.  From 

acuteness,  he  is  sometimes  mistaken,    their  sarily  lil    ral  cducal 

and  his  patient   suffer:  what  then     most   men  who   till  the  higher  de- 
must  be  the  consequence  of  ever}     parlmehts  of  medicine,  a<  pure 

Q  -1 


116 


I.I  i  rv  ARV   NOttcM 


art  of  composition  ;  and  though  firw 
of  them  write  well,  nfanj  are  can- 
didates  tor   tame,    and   numb< 

become  authors,  as  miiih'  84- 
snme  tie  office  ofh  cturerS,  thai  they 
may  advertise  themselves  in  the 
newspapers  without  incurring  the 
odium  of  quacking.  Many  of  the 
modern  books  on  medicine  are  there- 
fore mere  compilations;  those  who 
are  the  most  capable  of  writing  ori- 
;  I,  nsefdl,  and  practical  works, 
havi  mIIv  the  [east  time  and 

opportunity.  — Another  shameful 
abuse  is,  that  of  advertising  the  se- 
cond, third,  and  even  fifth  edition 
df  books,  of  which  not  a  single  im- 
pression has  been  disposed  of;  if  this 
practice  continue,  it  will  become 
necessary  to  point  Out  the  particular 
works  to  which  we  allude. 

The  subject  which  has  been  most 
discussed,  and  has  called  forth  a  va- 
riety df  publications,  chiefly  from 
the  pens  of  Dr.  Bancroft,  Mr.  Kcnto, 
and  Dr.  Robert  Jackson,  istfre  fifth 
report  tit  the  commissioners  of  mili- 
tary enquiry,  upon  the  abuses  which 
were  obliged  to  exist  in  the  medical 
department  of  the  army.  As  this, 
however,  implicates  the  characters 
of  some  gentlemen  of  high  reputa- 
tion, and  involves  Some  interesting 
topics  of  medical  enquiry,  v\c  must 
defer  our  remarks  upon  it  to  a 
future  opportunity,  when  our  limits 
may  permit  us  to  present  onr  read- 
ers  with  some  important  information 
on  the  subject. 

Dr.  Beddoes*   "  dont  la  fertile 


*  Since  thi5  article  wa;;  written,  medi- 

■  h;is  bcr-n  deprived  of  one  of 

.  unenU,  by  the  death  oi' 

Dr.  1  •  : .-.. 


AND    INTTT-T  ICrNCE. 

'  ptttme  prut  ions  Irs  mois  sttfH  pd/ie 
etffanier  mi  tofamc!"  has  address- 
ed a  letter  to  Sir  Joseph  Hanks,  on 
.iits   ;md  removal  of  the  pre- 
vailing discontents-,  imperfections, 

and  abuses  in  medicine.  This  also 
We  prriposeto  notice  more  particu- 
larly in  a  future  number. 

\\  e  are  happy  to  announce,  thai 
vaccine  inoculation  flourishes,  and 
jjfnins  strength  with  time.  The  af- 
tacks  Upon  it  in  the  f>  w  work* which 
lately  appeared,  are.  feeble  in- 
deed; and  evidently  are  the  faint 
efforts  df  an  expiring  enemy.  No 
publication  worth  naming,  has 
proceeded  from  the  anti-vaecinists 
during  the  last  year:  they  have 
long  substituted  violence,  abuse, 
and  invective  for  argument;  and  if 
the  advocates  for  vaccination  would 
allow  it  to  make  its  own  way,  its 
opposers  would  sink  into  their  Ori- 
ginal obscurity.  A  good  cause 
w  ill  sometimes  suffer  from  the  in- 
capacity <>r  the  intemperance  of  its 
defenders.  J(  is  also  stratifying' to 
us  to  be  able  to  Mate,  that  the  Small- 
pox Hospital  no  longer  continues  to 
diffuse  its  pestilence  through  every 
street  and  alley  in  London  \  the 
gOod  effects  of  which  will  presently 
be  ascertained  from  the  bills  of  mor- 
tality. Small-pox  inoculation  is 
now  confined  within  the  walls  of  the 

hospital;  till  v<  ly  latel\  a  stream  of 
infection  was  circulated  by  the  out- 
patients, through  every  pari  of  the 
'metropolis.  \\  c  are  informed,  how- 
ever, that  some  worthy  members  of 
th<  community,  affecting  a  simple 
sort  of  philanthropy,  deprecate  this; 
"  because,"  say  they,  "  the  poor 
will  no  longer  be  eased  of  the  bur- 
tin  n  of  their  surplus  children  !  one 
third  of  which  WCTC  formerly  swept 


T.ITF.RAIIY    HOflOtl    AND    INTELLi 


117 


oflT  l.v    Hi"    small-pox:     and     they 
must  now  come  to  the  parish!" 


Tin:    Ut .  m  Tim  •!     Pi  »'  r  "-:    " 

Stlrrlion     «/'     f<m,imtr      9o*gt, 

ift .  from  the  afferent  >'• 

I* it, cell,  />//  John  Clarke,    Maw. 

DoC.     ('(linhritl: 

ThentasricalworW  are  principally 
Indebted  to  Mr.  Bart  le  man,  the  ce- 

Icbraied   VOCE]    perionnci ',    for   the 

revival  of  a  tafte  for  the  exquisite 

compositions    of     Henry     Pureed. 

These  unrLvaUedpMdaclioni(froiB 

a     scarcity     of     copies,    and    from 

the  (liiluultv  of  performing  them) 

had  bet  n   seldom    b<  ard,    and  still 

more  rarely   heard  to  advantage, 
when  Mr.  Bartleman,  by  his  jost 

conception  and  masterly  execution, 
i tod  them  from  the  obscurity 
towards  Which  they  were  Gist  D  - 
tiring,  and  established  their  merit 
in  the  estimation  of  the  public,  Oh 
disputable  Btronfet  thanevex.  The 
few  copies  that  exist,  are  lull  of 
inaccuracies  in  the  music,  and  are 
likewise  incumbered  with  several 
songs,  the  words  of  which  were  un- 
lit to  meet  the  eye  of  delicacy:  a 
new  edition,  therefore,  or  Father  s 
selection  of  the  more  beautiful  com- 
positions, emitting  the  objection- 
able pieces,  was  epiite  a  desidera- 
tum among  musical  amateurs.  This 
teak  has  been  undertaken  by  Dr. 
Clarke,  and  it  has  been  performed 
in  a  manner  highly  creditable  to  his 


(when  IheM  an  nnj  in  the  original 

i  are  careful!;,   pi  Ifl 

one  «>c  i  no  In  Dr.  (  !h 

has  ventured  lo  iltei  lb  '    B  efPof* 
(•ell,  and  to  1 1  different 

fa*,  and 

nkony  Of    his    own.       Hut   tli.se   al- 

terations  are  in  reality   <-i   i  i 
trh  ial  nature,  otherwise  they  n 
!iav<    met  "ur  most  decided  disnp' 
probation;  h>i  isonnof  thenambtf 
of  tboes  who  think,  that  (in 

.)  tanker  PnrceU,  into  motThraa, 
We  wish  Dr.  Clarke,  bartend  of  mm 
ticing  these  deviations  from  the  ori- 
ginal text  in  his  pi  had 
pointed  them  out  in  :i  note  at  the 
bottom  of  the  page  where  they  uj- 

cur. 

Attbcbeirinnincrofthe  re.  dative, 

page  16,  there  is  the  chord  of  t lie 
j  in  the  accompaniment,   instead  of 

the  '  •-  it  cannot  be  the  chord   oi 

the  I    as  the  resolution  takes  place 
in  the  b:i     . 

\\  .  ne  surprised  th  il  Dr.  C.  has 
omitted  the  beautiful  movement, 
"  So   ready  and  quick  h  a  spirit  of 

air  V'    at  tl)C  l'Iul  <)l    lur  <1,ir,» 
•    tfmrk,    mm  Darufcorf  "—41    is 
always    performed  at    the     K  i 
Concert  of  Ancient  M  i  hew 

wis  style  of  composition  Is  better 
understood  and  pesfbrsned  wan  af 
any  other  in  the  kingdom,  llyomit- 
ting  it.  the  duel  is  unfinished,  and 
its  termination  is  both  abrupt  and 
anaatiafiu  :l1  ■ 

not  long,    the  WOl  ■    *od  the 

anisic   equally  delightful   with    Ihc 
of  the  dnets, 


taste  and  judgment. 

In  order  to  facilitate  the  perform- 
ance tO  thoe  accompnuiisis  who  are 
not  competent  toplay  from  a  figured     ceive  any  reason  for  rappresswg  II. 
bass,  or  score,    a  separate  part  for         We   are   all  ■    W*   M 

the  piano-forte  is  added,  in  which , 

the.  harmonies    are    written  at    full 

length,  and  the  principal  features  ;      *  Vide  "Orpheus  Britamiiau, 

of  the  instrumental  accompaniments    cond  edition,  page  119,  be 


Us 


I  :      ID  \;:  V    VH  [I  ■    I\  I  FT.! 


should  not    have  included  among 

••  The  He  /<•/,,  \  of  Parccll?  the 
bass   song,    «  Return,  . 

."  —  'i  his    song    de- 
es to  be  better  known  :  i(  j,;iS 
infinitely  more  merit  than  the  air 
Dr.  ('.  baa  inserted  from  the  Birth- 
fhty  Ode, 

Ureal  praise  is  due  to  the  person 

mIo  k\  ised    the  plates  s  they  arc 

omraonly  correct.     One  slight 

error  only  lias  fallen  ninlcr  out  ob- 

serration 3  it  is  the  third  bar«i 

•  \\ii«  re  there  is  a  .sharp  wanting 
««)  flu-  (,  in  the  vocal  pari. 

The  best  pieces  in  this  fine  collec- 
tion, are  the  following: — The  whole 
ofthe  free!  scene  from  King  Arthur, 
but    particularly     tin-    bass    solo, 

*\   What  pair,-  art  thou  ,8"  Also  the 

songs,   •■  /../  die  dreadful  en- 
girtes"-*"   ),    twice  ten  hundred 
deities?— «  Thy  genius,  to/"  the 
cantata,  "  ^Voan  silent    shades/' 
the  twoduets,"  /A///-,  w//  /;,/,-/>/- 
»'*— "   W  ere  I  to  cfioose,"   and 
songs,  '•  I  attempt  from  love's 
ness,"  —  «  F*Ve»<   w/e,"    and 
••  Come  unto  these  yellow  sands" 
The  former  pieces  are  principal- 
inarkable  for  their  hold  origi- 
K,  their  scientific,  yei  natural 
modulation;  the  taller  for  (heii  un- 
affected expression,   their   sin. pie. 
yei  elegant  melodies;  and  the  whole 
of  them  for  the  wonderful  adapta- 
tion of  the  music  (o  the  words.     Jt 
is  this  last  characteristic  that  con- 
Btitutes  the  principal  charm  of  Pur- 
cell's  compositions 5  ii  is  (his  which 
placet  him  so  for  above  the  epbe- ' 
mrral  composers  of  the  presestditr, 
whose  trifling,  unmeaning  melod'n  s 


[are  cquallj  adapted  to  one  set  of 

,  word-,  ,is  to-aoothei ' . 
I  pon  the  whole, 
the  admirers  of  Pureed  upon  1  he 
acquisition  of  thi  1  purified  edition 
of  their  favourite  author.  The  de- 
fects we  have  pointed  out  iikiv  Iv 
easily  rectified  in  tin-  second  edi- 
tion; and  we  sincerely  wish   Or. 

Clarke  may  meet  the  encourage- 
ment he  so  well  deserves,  tor  the 
care,   assiduity,    and  skill    he    has 

If  manifested  in  the  completion  of  so 
arduous  an  undertaking. 
••  M  \  .1  \i  \    m  1  a  :"a  favourite   Ita- 
lian Air,   with  twelve  variations 
for  the  piano-forte,  by  T.  Latonr, 

PlAtflSTEfo  I  I.  J  1. 11.  I  he  Prince 

of  Wales. 

We  have  heard  that,  Mr.  Latonr 
is  a  brilliant,  shewy  performer  on 
the  piano-  forte,  but  he  has  very 
slender  pretensions  to  the  name  of 

composer.  We  should  have  been 
surprised  :it  meeting  with  tiie  foU 
I  lowing  passage  (which  occurs  ve- 
peatedly  in  the  fifth  variation)}  even 
in  the  first  production  of  an  amateur, 
much  less  in  the  work  of  a  professor 
who  styles  himself  pianiste  to  N. 
11.  H.  the  Prince  of  Wales. 


fi=3 


J 


# 


1 


Vide  Orjt.  second  edition,  pa 
ii. 


*  It  is  ,\  fact,  that  a  great  part  of  the 
music  of  "The  Travellers"  was  written 
by  Mr.  Com,  and  afterwards  given  to 
Mr.  Cherry  to  adapt  to  such  words  us 
would  correspond  to  the  accent  and  rythm 
of  the  different  mm  todies. 

When  operas  arc  thus  manufactured, 
what  can  the  public  expect,  but  fersea 
without  poetry,  and  music  without  mean- 
ing ? 


i.i  i  p.b  \  u ,    mm  n  i ■■•  a  mj  i\t?  Lticei 


Mr.  Latout  •  rnn,  un< ommonl) 
fluid  of  this  original  method  <>i  i.  - 
solving  the  discord  <>f  the  seventh, 
Ii>r  ili<-  same  Ki/nl  of  harmonious 
succession  is  repeated  in  1  ff  tenth 
variation.  We  recommend  u  \fon* 
siti/r  l.t  Pianiste"  to  peruse  i)r. 
Calicott's  little  Musical  Grammar) 
or  t«i  submit  liis  prbductiom  (<>  the 
correction  of  some  friend  w  ho  un- 
derstands tlic  first  rules  of  composi- 
tion! 
The  favourite  Dunn-  in  Tbki  li, 

arranged  an    a    Rondo  for  the 

pianO'fortc'm 

From  this  unassuming  first  essay, 
we  attgurvcry  favourably  of  the  fu- 
ture  productions  of  Mr.  Stokes. 
We  think,  however,  there  is  ra- 
ther i')<)  much  harpeggio,  and  the 
first  episode  is  too  long.  We  think, 
also,  there  is  a  want  of  variety  in 
the  harmonies,  where  the  mottivo  is 
repeated.  The  last  bars  are  uncom- 
monly pood,  and  discover  evident 
marks  of  a  classic  taste.  Upon  the 
whole,  if  is  a  very  pleasing  arrange- 
ment of  a  popular  little  dance  ;  and 
we  entertain  no  doubt,  that  Mr. 
Stokes' future  productions  will  prove 
worthy  the  pupil  of  so  great  a  mas- 
ter, as  the  celebrated  Mr.  Samuel 
Wesley. 


Lord  Viscount  Valencia  is  pre- 
paring his  Travels  for  the  press. 
They  will  be  accompanied  by  en- 
gravings by  Landscer,  Warren. 
Siorer,  Angus,  ami  Greig,  consist- 


flj  61   views  i"  Ub 

\,.,l,i:,.     and     Hindi.   Ian.     frOI  I 

*  01  iglnal  drnwin      ot   I 
dr.  Salt. 
VVc  are  ,;"  more 

|  of  the  Laridst  i 
land,  from  ii. 

of  Castle-Comb*  .       Ire   the 
libhei  .  "ii    i!  i 
Scrope  himself,  lo   be  bis  n<  I  I  n 

r  the  non-app<  •  <    !       ' 

!  s(  apes  from   Mr.  \\  .  I 
of  (he  Lay  oftht  In  t   Winsttel  9 
The  \l<-\ .  \\  .  Daniel,  author  oi 

,   Rural  Sports,  is  proi 

|  understand,  with  his  J/ is  ton/ < 
Horse,  to  I-'  embellished  with  en- 
gravings, and  dedicated  to 

,  al  Highness  the  Prince  6f  Wal 
Mi.  Cardon   is  also  proccedii  \ 
with  Ids  usual  profession  d  su< 
iu  his  engnu  in  :  of  the  BatUi 
Maidai  afterde  Loutherboufgyi\sst 
veteran  in  battU  r. 

The  Renew*  rs  of  Art  have  com- 
pleted their  first  annual  volume  of 
lour  quarterly  number*.  —  What- 
ever may  be  the  degree  of  sei 
which,  in  some  instances,  ha*  I 
imputed  id  these  strictures]  we  i 
not  but   applaud   the    spirit   of  in- 
dependence    and     impartiality     tU 
which  they  are  written*      If  similar 
feelings  were  more  genej&l  at 

reviewers  we  think  the  republic  of 

letters,  as. well  as  the  arts,  would 
experience  a  slow  :un\  gradu  d,  per- 
haps,  but  ultimately   a    I 
result. 


MEDICAL  REPORT. 

An  account  of  the  diseases  which        Acute  dist  .. 


have  occurred  in  the  reporter's  ov>\\ 
practice,  from  the  20th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1808,  to  the  40th  of  January. 
1S09. 


-Pleurisy 


Peripneumonj  ,  &.  .Acute  rb 

tism,    <> Catarrhal 

fuflammatory  sore-throat,  i  ■ .. 
laiinaangcuosa.u*. . ..Sj  -*•••• 


120 


MtDICAT,    RtrORf. 


Intermittent   fever,    2 Remittent 

fever,  1....  Small-pox,  1  —  Erysi- 
pelas, 1 — Hepatitis,  1 — Hydro- 
cephalus, 1.... Acute  diseases  of  in- 
fants, 8. 

diseases.-— Cough    and 

46 Pulmonary     eoil- 

i  —  Tabes   and  maras- 
Pleurodyne,     'J....Hce- 


Chronic 
djspnoca, 
sumption, 
mus,     2... 


Diarrhoea, 
pepsia,  4.. 


moptoe,  3 — H(f  Kiicmrsis,  i.,.. 
Lumbago  and  sciatica,  8 Chro- 
nic rheumatism,  9 Cephalalgia, 

4.... Asthenia,  6 Taundice,  2 — 

G'ast  rodynia,3 E«tcrodynia,2 — 

4....Dysure,  2 — Dys- 
.. Dysentery,  4 Chro- 
nic opthalmia,  3 Hypochondria- 
sis, S. .. .  Menorrhagia,  2. . . .  Amenor- 
rhcea  ,3. . .  C1  lorosis,2. . . .  Dysmenor- 
rhea, 3 — Dropsy,  2. 

This  is  the  season  when  we  arc  to 
expect  pulmonic  complaints  to  a- 
bound.  The  inhabitants  of  this  is- 
land are  part  icularly  subject  to  them ; 
they  generally  prevail  from  the  end 
of  November  to  the  beginning  of 
May  ;  and  after  resisting  the  utmost 
efforts  of  medical  aid,  about  that 
period  cease,  not  from  the  benefi- 
cial effects  of  medicines,  but  because 
the  agent  which  excited  them  no 
longer  acts.  When  we  consider 
the  admirable  structure  and  delicate 
organization  of  the  lungs;  the  ex- 
quisite fineness  and  sensibility  of  the 
air-cells  upon  which  such  an  infinite 
number  of  minute  vessels  ramify ; 
the  astonishing  changes  which  the 
blood  undergoes  in  them,  and  their 
vast  importance  to  the  system ;  whilst 
they  are  particularly  exposed  to 
every  vicissitude  of  temperature — 
we  must  rather  admire  that  so  many 
people  escape,  than  that  so  many 
are  affected  with  complaints  in  these 
organs.     It  is  not  a  cough  alone,  or 


cold,"  which  occasions  pulmonary 
consumption,  a  disease  which  an- 
nually carries  off  thousands  of  the  ■ 
finest  of  our  youth.     People  oon- 
tinueto  cough,  almost  to  suffoc  jtion, 
from  childhood  to  old  age:  who  ha* 
not  witnessed  the  convulsive  efforts 
of  tlie  asthmatic,  or  the  struggles  of 
old  men  with  their  winter  compa- 
nion? yet  these  attain  a  comfortable 
series  of  years,  quitting  their  obsti- 
nate coughswhen  the.summer  months 
approach,    as    regularly    as    they 
i  cast  off  their  great-coats.     Nothing 
!  is  more  absurd  and  erroneous  than 
;  the  supposition  that  cough  is  the 
|  cause  of  consumption;  it  is  indeed 
}  one  of  its  mostdistressing  symptoms,  . 
:  but  the  philosophical  enquirer  docs 
;  not  mistake  a  symptom  of  a  disease 
|  for  its  cause :  for  this  we  must  search 
|  deeper  into  the  arcana  of  nature, 
and  probably  we  may  find  it  in  a 
peculiar  state  of  constitution.  What 
this  state  is,  how  it  is  generated,  and 
what  may  be  the  likeliest  means  of 
counteracting  it,  I  shall  possibly  of- 
fer some  opinions  upon  in  the  course 
of  these  reports :  it  is  sufficient  at 
present  to  declare  my  conviction, 
that  the  alarm  sounded  through  the 
I  country  by  certain  individuals,  is 
carried  to  a  ridiculous  extent,   is 
calculated  to  excite  dismay  in  per- 
sons of  delicate  feelings,  and  actu- 
ally to  produce  the  complaint  which 
its  propagators  affect  to  be  so  anx- 
ious to  remove. 

The  case  of  small-pox  inserted  in 
the  list,  terminated  fatally  on  tlie 
J2th  day  of  eruption.  It  occurred 
in  a  stout  young  man  of  middle  age, 
and  was  of  the  confluent  sort,  from 
which  very  few  adults  who  arc 
seized  with  it  escape.  It  affords 
another  melancholy  instance  of  the 


what  is  vulgarly  termed  M  catching  jj  prejudice  and  folly  of  men,  in  re- 


the  HOFiM  i)   in  irrrt. 


\H\ 


\  ig  the  introduction  oft  ipeciei 
of  Inoculation  which  must  and  will 
eventually  extirpate  thai  icourge  of 
the  human  rate,   the  small-pox. 

Hut  there  is  ;i  conspiracy   of  a    few 

interested  Individual!  against  the 

good  sense  and  rcspe<  tiiblc  portion 
of  I  lie  profession  :  they  are  obvious- 
ly  men    of  little   professional   emi- 

ncnce,and  their  obscuritywas  friend- 
ly U)  them  ;   the  instant  they  lefl  ils 

protecting  shade,  their  views  jrere 
manifested.     They  are  known  and 

properly  appreciated  in  the  medical 
World  ;  but,  unfortunately  for  the 
cause  of  humanity,  many  good  and 
amiable  individuals  have  been  mis- 
led by  their  false  statements  and 
sophistical  arguments,  and  have  ac- 
tually, under  the  belief  that  they 
were  conferring  a  benefit  upon  their 
neighbours,  introduced  the  small- 
pox   contagion    into  cottages   and 


bamlets,  where  it  was  before  un- 
known.  I  allude  to  the  table 

ladies  and  country  <  lergymen,  w  bo 
imagine  they  are  beneficially  em- 
ployed when  they  are  info  ' 

poor  neighbours  v>  Ufa  the  foulest  and 
most  fatal  plague  winch  is  permit- 
U  d  t<»  afflict  suffering  mentals.     I 

beseech  .such  |     ll,  y  awhile 

their  work  of  dealli,  .ind  to  reflect 
apOO    what    they    are    about  :    they 

perhaps  do  not   immediate^  de- 

StTOy  the  helpless  wretches  i/i  whom 
they  emit   the  ]>oison,    but  the  , 
answerable  fur  the  deaths  of  all  who 

tall  the  victims  of  the  contagion  iu 

the  adjacent  country,  and  it  is  im- 
possible to    calculate  its  extreme 

subtlety,  and  the  facility  with  which 
it  is  conveyed,  by  the  ait  and  by 
people's  (lothes,  to  u  very  great 
distance. 


THE  HORNED  HEIFER. 

Tins  extraordinary  animal  was  •  nowthe  property  of  Mr.  Matron,   of 

bred  by  a  Mr.  Sharp,   near  Melton-     Compton-.trret,   Cleikenv.rll  -.   it  is 
Mowbray,    Leicestershire,    and  i>  j  about  three  yean  old,   ao:J  L>  per- 
Xo.ll.  Vol.!.  R 


I 

122 


FASHION'S    FOR    LADIES    AND    ^ENTLEMEff. 


feetly  healthy,  and  in  good  condi- 
tion. It  has  boon  viewed  by  mam 
gentlemen,  members  of  the  Hoyal 
Society,  and  who  appear  to  consi- 
der it  as  a  great  natural  curiosity  : 
from  the  head  to  the  shoulders  and 
the  neck,  it  is  covered  with  innu- 
merable horns,  from  the  size  of  a 
large  pin,  to  the  length  of  eight 
inches  ;  and  the  horns  are  as  per- 
fect as  those  projecting  from  its 
head:  the  dewlap,  which  hangs 
down  very  low,  has  also  a  great 
number  of  small  projections,  resem- 
bling those  of  a  hedge-hog.  The 
body  has  a  small  quantity,  as  well 
as  the  legs  and  tail;  the  eyelids, 
nostrils,  and  ears,  have  several  pro- 
jecting horns  ;  the  two  former  are 


nearly  covered  with  them.  On  t]i<* 
rump  there  was  a  complete  excre- 
scence, resembling  a  fowl's  claw  in- 
verted (as  in  the  annexed  wood-cut }, 
but  is  at  present  nearly  rubbed  on; 
the  roots  or  these  horny  substances 
are  only  skin-deep,  and  the  animal 
docs  not  seem  affected  by  their  being 
handled  ;  they  e;  me  oiit  in  various 
parts  of  the  body  and  limbs,  first 
With  a  scrophulous  protuberance, 
which  by  degrees  becomes  a  hard 
horny  substance,  and  produces  at 
first  an  irritation,  wlucfi  causes  the 
beast  to  rub  them  till  they  bleed  ; 
but  in  every  other  respect,  except 
as  to  those  wonderful  excrescences, 
the  beast  is  well  shaped,  and  enjoys 
a  good  appetite  and  health. 


AGRICULTURAL  REPORT. 


The  operations  of  husbandry  for 
the  last  month,  have  been  so  much 
confined  to -the  barn,  the  feeding- 
sheds,  and  straw-yard,  that  the' de- 
tail would  neither  afford  instruction 
t»r  entertainment ;  we  shall  not  there- 


fore fill  our  paper,  nor  occupy  the 
attention  of  our  readers,  with  ima- 
ginary accounts  or  fanciful  specula- 
tions. When  the  season  of  activi- 
ty and  interest  in  this  department 
returns,  w  e shall  be  found  at  our  post . 


Plates  5  and 6.— FASHIONS  FOR  LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN. 


HALF    DRESS*. 

An  Egyptian  head-dress  of  silver 
and  pearls,  one  point  falling  on  the 
left  shoulder,  finished  with  a  tassel; 
the  hair  in  loose  ringlets  ;  pearl 
<»ar-rings,  bracelets,  and  necklace; 
a  train  dress  of  brocaded  sarsenet, 
rfrimmed  with  silver  and  vandyked  ; 
lace  round  the  neck  in  form  of  a 
tucker,  long  sleeves  of  Mecklin  or 
Erusscls  lace  ;  white  gloves  and 
fan  ;  shoes  the  same  as  the  dress,  of 
brocaded  silk,  with  silver  bows. 
dancing  dress. 

The  head  ornamented  with  ban- 


deans  of  frosted  gold  ;  gold  neck- 
lace, ear-rings,  and  armlets  ;  whiter 
satin  opera  dress,  trimmed  all  round 
with  gold,  tied  in  front  with  a  gold 
cord  and  tassel ;  white  satin  shoes, 
trimmed  with  gold,  and  gold  button 
in  front  ;  white  gloves,  and  fair 
edged  with  gold. 

n  r,  N  E  r  a  L  observations. 
The  prevailing  colours  for  man- 
tles and  pelisses  are  gold,  orange, 
and  Bishop's  blue  ;  for  ball  and  full 
dress,  satins,  tissues,  brocaded  silks, 
and  velvets  are  generally  worn, 
trimmed  wilk  gold  and  silver;-— 


P 

1 


• 


TA  I  I. NT     t.AVBAt*,    &C. 


)    > 


Henry  VIII.  bats,  trinmed  or  em-    i!.<-  prevailing  colour,  dark,  | 
btoMered  with  beads,  gold,  iflver,    pi.  ,  <>i  Bistaop*!  blue. 


or  chenille,  arc  becoming  and  fa- 
shionable ;  fcathen  of  rariom  <  <>- 
lours  (it  correspond  arc  likewise 
much  worn.  For  morning  dresses, 
bomba/eens  are  coming  intoliuhion: 


In  gcntlcmcn'i  drew  there  i .  little 

\  ii  Ultiail  since  our  IftfJ  number. 

Madame  Lam  battel  <  Bt.  Jean 
street  >  baa  furnished  the  desigi 
die  fashions  w  ii!i  her  u>u  U  i.'.ie. 


Pl.ATF.  f).  —  PATE 
The  plate  is  a  representation  of 


a  landau  built  by  Messrs.  Birch 
and  Son,  Great  Queen-street,  ivin- 
roln\-Inn-lields.  Mr.  ('.  L.  Birch 
has  obtained  a  patent  for  iinprme- 
roenfs  in  the  construction  of  flu- 
roofs  and  upper  quarters,  not  only 
of  landaus,  but  of  all  other  carriages 
which  arc  made  to  fall  down.  By 
these  improvements  the  objections 
against  landaus  upon  the  old  plan, 
either  as  town)  pleasure,  or  travel- 
frag  carriages,  are  entirely  removed. 
The  head  or  roof,  and  upper  parts, 
by  the  new  invention,  have  an  even 
smooth  surface,  like  a  well  built 
town  coach,  shew  no  outward  joints 
on  the  top  of  the  windows,  or  locks 
on  the  roof;  yet  are  so  completely 


secured  as  to  prevent  any  possibility 
of  being  opened  from  the  outside  i  it 
removes  (he  inoonveniencea  ari 

from  the  leather  contractiiiLr,  or 
drawing  the  fore-lights  out  <>f  theit 
perpendicular  position,  it   causing 

the  shutters  and  :_  o  act  pro- 

perly, and  renders  it  impossible  for 
water  to  penetrate  the  leather  Off  to 
lie  on  the  roof.  A  <ari  i;iir«-  con- 
structed upon  these  principles  will 
admit  two  imperials  upon  the  top, 
without  at  all  interfering  w  if  h  open- 
ing it,  and  the  spring  curtains  re- 
main, which  in  landaus  constructed 
upon  the  old  plan  it  was  necessary 
to  remove,  before  there  was  a  possi- 
bility of  their  being  opened. 


ALLEGORICAL  AYOOD-CLT,  WITH  PATTERNS  OF  BRITISH 

MANUFACTURE. 

Among  the  very  elegant  dresses  |'  and  gossamers,  which  are  so  much 
worn  at  court  on  her  majesty's  birth-  j  admired  tor  evening  dresses. 
day,  rich  figured  satins  were  the)  No.  9  is  the  pattern  of  agold- 
most  prevalent.  The  pattern  No.  I  coloured  figured  satin,  which  was 
was  worn  by  the  Duchess  of  Chan-  worn  at courton bar  majesty's  birth- 
dos  upon  that  occasion:  it  has  a  d.iv  by  the  Countess  Rotbsay,  bv 
very  beautiful  appearance  in  full  the  Viscountess  Sudley,  ami  many 
dress.  This  was  supplied  bp  Messrs.  other  ladies  of  distinction:  this  co- 
Hobarts,  Plowman,  and  Snuggs,  lour  was  among  the  most  prevalent. 
No.  I,  Chandos-street  j  who  are  also  It  was  furnished  by  Messrs.  I),  and 
preparing  (for  the  next  month)  an  P.  Cooper,  Pall-Mall. 
extensive  assortment  of  the  most  No.  3  is  a  pattern  of  Bishop*s- 
elegant  patterns  in  figured  gauzes     blue  bonibeneen:   this  article,  in  a 


J^j,  TOETRY. 

variety  of  shades,  principally  dark, 
is  become  fashionable  for  morning 
drVsses.  K  unites  economy  with 
elegance,  and,  together  with  Irish 
poplins,  bids  fair  to  maintain  its 
ground  in  the  higher  circles  during 
the  winter.  It  was  furnished  by 
Messrs.  Archer  and  Houghton, 
Henrietta-street,  Co  vent-garden. 


No.  4  is  a  pattern  of  silk-striped 
shawl,  a  fashionable  article  for  gen- 
tlemen's waistcoats.  It  is  manufac- 
tured in  Yorkshire,  Wiltshire,  and 
Spitalfields,  but  the  two  latter  pro- 
duce  a  better  manufactured  article : 
it  is  made  with  silk  and  wool.  It 
was  furnished  by  Messrs.  James, 
Thomas,  and  Joseph  Kesteven. 


ODE  FOR  THE  NEW  YEAR,    1809. 
By  H.  J.  Pye,  Esq.    P.  L. 


FetL-ORB'n  in  equinoctial  skies, 
When  the  pale  moon  malignant  rides, 
And  bids  the  howling  tempest  rise, 
And  swells  the  ocean's  briny  tides, 
Dreadful  against  the  sounding  shore 
The  winds  and  waves  tumultuous  roar, 
The  torrent-braving  mound  in  vain 
The  stormy  inroad  would  restrain, 
The  surges  with  resistless  sway 
Force,  o'er  the  labour'd  mole  their  way, 
Scorn  every  weak  resource  of  human  toil, 
Overwhelm  the  peopled  town,  and  waste 

the  cultur'd  soil. 
But  when,  by  native  fences  barr'd 
From  billowy  rage,  the  happier  land, 
And  rocky  chit's  for  ever  stand 
To  the  wide-water'd  coast  a  guard, 
Such  as  on  Vecta's  southern  steep 
took  down  defiance  on  the  raging  deep, 
Such  as  on  Dover's  "breezy  down 
On  Gallia's  hostile  border.-,  frown, 
Tho'  billows  urging  billows  roar, 
And  idly  beat  against  the  shore, 
While  from  the  heights  sublime,  the  swain 
Mocks  the  vain  efforts  of  the  foaming 

main, 
Till  nature  bids  the  deluged  surge  subside, 
Hoeh'd  is  the  tempest's  voice,  and  reflu- 
ent rolls  the  tide. 
So  o'er  Europa's  ravaged  plain 
We  saw  the  torrent  wild  of  war 
Resistless  spread  its  iron  reign, 
And  scatter  ruin  wide  and  iar  ; 


The  embattled  wall,  the  warlike  band,    . 
Vainly  the  Tyrant's  course  withstand  ; 
Before  the  impious  sons  of  Gaul 
The  legions  fly,  the  bulwarks  fall : 
Yet  Britain's  floating  castles  sweep 
Invasion  from  her  subject  deep  ; 
Yet  by  her  rocks  secure  from  harm, 
Securer  by  her  patriot  arm, 
Iberia  turns  the  battle's  tide, 
Resists  the  injurious  Tyrant's  pride, 
While,  freely  floating  in  the  ambient  sky* 
j  Sacred  to  Freedom's  cause,  their  mingled 
ensigns  fly. 


TO  A  ROSE-TREE  AND  A  MYRTLE, 

Sent  to  a  Lady. 

Go,  little  blooming,  fragrant  rose, 
Go  to  my  love  and  take  thy  place; 

Unfold  thy  leaves,  thy  sweets  disclose, 
And  be  an  emblem  of  her  face. 

And  thou,  my  myrtle,  ever  green, 
Go  with  the  rose,  and  there  impart, 

By  thy  unchanging,  humble  mien, 
An  emblem  of  thy  master's  heart. 

'  Then  if,  Eliza,  we  should  twine 
The  myrtle  and  the  rose  together, 

;  Would  not  the  myrtle's  leaves  combine 
To  guard  the  rose  from  stormy  wea^ 

1  ther  ? 


Cfte  Beposttorj? 


Of  Arts,  Literature,  Commerce,  Mamtfacturee,  Fashions,  and  Pontic*, 

Manufacturers,  Factors,  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in  Fancy  Goods,  that  come 
within  the  scope  of  tin-  Plan,  are  requested  to  send  Patterns  of  such  new  Articles, 
as  they  come  out;  and  if  the  requisites  of  Novelty,  Fashion,  and  Elegance,  are 
united",  the  quantity  necessary  for  this  Magazine  will  be  ordered. 

R.  Acktrmann,  101,  Strand,  London.   I 


I 


MAI  i)  DEATHS, 

,    the  Alphabetical  0>  <Ui    ft      • 


\  ,  mil)   nun         Mi  '  •     I'        n.li, 

i  Mi     I       i       Krttilby,  of  Hutton      Mi 
James  Pry  or,  to  M.  .    l-.lizabrth  tiutti  ridge     - 
\i  i  land,  esq.  to 

Mis   Mar)  <>ui n 

/» ,  i      w  ( ..  ■  i    ,  '    ry,  in  the  6vtd  y<    r  ot 
Gi  it  Temj 

Hi<  I,  ii-l  New  m  m  H  ''II.. 

!<•  |      l)i    Sin  ^  in  i.l. 

I  he 
I'..  .     I    I.    ......  i      . 

ksiuiu-.  -  i'i ■■  rrf.j  Al  Re  iding,  Ihi 
::.  i  [rein  J,  A.  M  to  Mn  1  areil  Al 
i        '  man,  l\  T  '■■  M      I     ^  til 

Ml     V,  .11     V.  \;.l!    \\    in  I 
At   l.lfllo  r':iriili"il.,u.    n 

'.i   \-.    i    Hariney,   Mr.  John  .Smith,    a 
•II      -      .     i'v  •  iiclti, 

Mm  1 81. 

Jin  HIRE — 1; .  •  i 

■ 
Mr  John  J<  I 

Poole.     Mr. .'  Tyk  .  It  • 

/;.?</.]  At  v'liai  ■  Rei   J.  l*.  J 

1.1.   D. — .Mi.  Win  Thorpe,  of  lylesbury. 

CAMBRIDGE  ih  mi-  -  ;/,.  •  < ,'      Hi 
Malth<  v  g,  in  M 

J)i(.d.\  Lately)   * 
-Mr  :    Bun      -  M  !••    1)k  unv, 

aey.l  7-i      .-i'      i    Prince,  late  ol   Bakd) 
Mrs.  Clay,  af  Si  Jeha's, 

Mr   i 

Cm       i  Hr.  M.  BarWir,  to 

M  i^s  s,  Hammond. 

I  |  John  BnTseloe,  of!  '  ;  - 

Mi     Btindli  \ ,  mi    Dutton,    in   h 

rlrs,  Hall,  of  llu  How- 

ell,  of  Bunbuiy ,  aged  lot. 

CORNWALL.-  Married.]  "Mr  vYnV  l'n«n- 
mg,  of  Peary  n,  to  Miss  s.  \\  Nickel — VTm 
I',  ler,  -  Frances  ThoRtaa,  of  (Jlii- 

>.  it. mi  — H  ieherd  Kuckall,  i  vj.  to  .Miss  Brum- 
veil 

I  Trei  issejn,    Mr.  M  alter    BIHot, 
ajfuln;..-   A i  St,  Mawes,  Mr.  Cory. 

Ct  Bai  it  vm)  —  Warnerf]  John  Pensonby, 
esq  to  Miss  Eliza  Browue,  of  TaUentire. — 
Captain  Joseph  Scott,  to  Mi>s  [sabella  Kirk- 
biiili. — Wm.  Priestley,  esq.  to  (Kija Peley, of 
Carlisle. 

]   At   Ha'l  Thwsitca,    Mis    Derrick, 
i — Mr.  Jacob  Fletcher,  aged  77 — Mi-. 
Ann  Wilkinson,  late  Of  -The  Re* 

John  Tethana,  of  Tatham,  aged  99 — At  Car- 
lisle. Jaha  Soottowe,  .  -.J 

l;i 'kuyshirf.  — Married-]  At  St.  Werbergli, 

J.  M.  11.  Pisrot,  M.  D.  to  .Miss  Luciads  Boyeo. 

'i.  John    Wilkinson,    to   Mirs    Bncabcth 

Frith,  of  the  Woodteate. — John  Webb,  esq.    of 

BartOCl  Park,  to  .Miss  F   Bkuton. 

Died]  Mr.  Thomas  Sererne,  of  Pub; 
Repton,  Mrs  1  enisa  Sleath;  sr.mc  plac 
Rcr.  \Vm.  Boultber  Sleath,  D  D.  aged 
iMr  Goedall,  of  NormantOB. 

Dfvon-'hirl'.-  Ma tried.]  At  Barnstaple, 
Mr.  W.  Alfred,  ta 

abaca.— Joha  Wiln&nts,  tsq    Co  Misa  Sophia 
jiiiH-lia  Coic,  of  the  Fark. 


Plyasoutb,    1     .1 

A 1  Bai  1    t  ipd  .Mi    w  in    Jul. 

w 

•..It,  i.f  M 

.    Littl       ....         '  ..•  1 

))i. u    1  1  -turn  u. 

•  II,  «if  Plymouth,  to  Mi  1  Phillips. 

I  I..   1:  •  1 

*bei  1 • 

1     1  1  -    ■  \i  Get  al   Be  Idew,    Ike 

I.      I  l  '  I  'i    I',   ill.  ,i,   In    '»li  ■ 

<  in  III  in  -  ■  .  ii.ui  •  .  ii.r  I'i  met  de 

■  be  1 

1 
:  I 

oi  Mai  low,  to  Miss  Eli* 
/ulietli  Chs  so    to 

Miss  Harris,  •  '  I  1  t  !  I 

b      —The  I    1    1    Hells  i     M    I    late  of 
;  1  .  ag 

1  I : 

■    • 
El 

(■in 

P.  J.   Pi  . 
DM  I  At<  II)-- 

.  • 
If  ami*  mi 

iC  1 

l'lt  yi'uil  Bom  ty.-  John 

D       !  At  TichfieJd,  J. 
Fanlkner. — James  Taylor, «   ij.ofl 
Southampton.— Al  S  mtham   I 

-  helley. — Lieetenaol  C.  B.  h 
At!'..!  tsmouth,    Lieut  nut  (.Hi.  uel  ArchbefaL 
— At  Whitcfanrch,  same 

place,  W     \!ir.i 

II.Vr.TI  ORP-I1IRK. Mo" 

ilbelmina  1 
T.  Check,  to  Miss  Marj  Stuarl    -Captj    1   H. 
M  Samson,  I  Cftt 

M  Miss  c  1m  at,  of  (fatesrd. 

H  tit  rron;)- in; 
I'oMiin  mc!.-- 

At  Bircher,   M.s    V  ard,  so 
horttl,  tkeftcr. J   Jones — James  , 

esm 

III   \Tt\  (.nOX-lt'KK  — /<  < 

,     of  the     ro.  al    nar\ .-    At     « 
mi)  \N  illiam 

Kl\T. } 

II,  1 

Nailer,  esq    to  M 

R    ■  — 

1  ' 

Alien  G 

son. — Al 

- 
L  1    1  1    .  j 


126 


MARRIAGES    AXD    DEATH.1;. 


Miss  Lydia  Gill,  both  of  Manchester.— At 
Gretna  Green,  Mr.  Baynes,  to  Miss  Parker,  of 
Whittingham  Hall,  in  (his  county — Mr.  J. 
Wright^  of  Manchester,  to  Miss  F.  Wright,  of 
■ftmworm. 

Died.}  Captain  George  Gellard,  Liverpool.— 
I  ieutenant-Oolonel  Hutchinson. — Dr.  Corne- 
lius Chertham,  of  Preston. 

LEICESTERSHIRE. — Married.]  Mr.  Ralph 
Oldacres,  of  Arnsby,  to  Misi  Ward.  —  Mr. 
Carter,  to  Miss  Marttoa  Smith,  of  Harborough. 
—  Mr.  W.  Wright,  to  Miss  Bm well. 

Died.]  At  Melton-Mowbray,  aged  gi,  Mrs. 
Reeve. — At  Loughborough,  Robert  Stevens, 
gent,  aged  p,o. — Mr.  Carrick,  of  Leicester. 

Lincolnshire —  Married. j  The  Rev.  Mr. 
Jowitt,  to  Miss  Wilcox. 

J)iea.]  At  Clifi'e  Lodge,  Mr.  Royston,  aged 
78. — At  Cley,  aged  H;,  T.  Jones,  esq. — Aged 
63,  Mr.  Gibson,  of  Oakham. — Mrs.  Ann  Bur- 
ditt,  aged  80. 

Middles?  x. —  M*rried,~\  The  Rev.  Wra. 
Harrison,  to  Miss  Hunt. — It.  T.  Favquhar,  esq. 
to  Miss  Maria  Saniour. —  The  Rev.  Henry 
Hunter,  of  Hammersmith,  to  Miss  Graham. 

Died.}  In  London,  the  Most  Noble  the  Mar- 
quis of  Sligo,  aged  63. — In  Grosvenor-place, 
the  Hon.  Henry  Peiry. — Captain  .John  Bon- 
chier,  of  Greenwich. — The  Hon.  Mm.  Corn- 
wallis. — At  CainberwcU  Grove,  aged  88,  P. 
Pope,  esq. — Josiah  Barnard,  esq.  banker. 

Norfolk. —  Married.']  The  Rev.  T.  Watson, 
to  Miss  Lucy  Elwin. — William  Larke,  esq.  to 
Mrs.  Worship. —  The  Rev.  P.  L.  Parfit,  of 
Wells,  to  Miss  E.  Griffith.— M.  C.  Horsley, 
esq.  of  King's  Lynn,  to  Miss  Isabel  Milton. 

Died.]  John  Montague  Poare,  esq.  of  West 
Brandenham  Hall. — At  Taesborongh,  Sorners 
Clarke,  esq. — At  Norwich,  Mrs.  Ann  Gordon. 
— Mrs.  Warner,  aged  101. 

Northamptonshire. — Married.]  At  Clip- 
Ston,  Mr.  T.  Rollard,  to  Miss  Gorman. — The 
Rev.  E.  C.  Wright,  to  Miss  White. 

Died.]  Mr.  Ibbs  Wm.  Hodges,  at  Old,  aged 
81. — In  her  87th  year,  Mrs.  Eliz.  Bliss. — T. 
Towers,  esq.  of  Bilton  Hall. 

Nottinghamshire.  —  Married.]  Charles 
Arinand  Dashwood.  esq.  of  Stanford  Hall,  to 
Miss  Anna  Maria  Shipley. 

Dicd.\  J.  Swaim,  esq.  of  Hoandsgate,  Not- 
titigham. 

Oxfordshire,  —  Married.]  John  Henry 
Ti Ison,  esq.  of  Watlington  Park,  to  Mrs.  S. 
Langtord. 

I.]  Mr.R  Slatter,  one  of  the  proprietors 
of  the  Oxford  Herald. 

Shropshire.' — Married.]  Thomas  Jay,  esq. 
to  Miss  Ellen  Elizabeth  Smith,  of  Bridge- 
Berth. — James  Roden,  esq.  to  Miss  Hughes 
— Charles  Bage,  esq,  to  Miss  Ann  Hauling. 

Died.]  William  Wilson,  esq.  of  Gonsal  Cot- 
tage.— Mr.  Thomas  Price,  of  Dorrington. — At 
Whittington,  Mrs.  Tryphena,  in  her  04th  year. 
— Mr.  Coburn,  near  loo  years  of  age. — Thus. 
Smith,  cnq.  at  Trippington  House. 
Somersetshire. — Married.]  In  June  last, 

at  Bombay,  Andrew  Moore  Daw,  fsq.  son  of 
Hill  Dawe,  esq.  of  Ditcheat,  in  this  county,  to 
Miss  Hare,  bfBath.— TheRev.M.  Mapletoft, 
to  Miss  F.ste. 

1  At  Bath,  Lord  Gardner,  in  his  60th 
year.— General  Edward  Smith. — Aged  08,  the 


Rev.  John  Duncan. — At  Bath,  the  Rev.  Sarol, 
Abraham,   A.M.— The  Rev.  Mat.  Mapletoft, 
B.  I> 
Staffordshire.  —  Married.]   Mr.  Owen 

Owen,  ofCovely,  to  Mrs  Amelia  Meredith. — 
The  Rev.  T.  Theodosios,  ofGamall,  to  Miss 
Catherine  Fletcher. 

D/ed.]  Mrs  Fenton,  late  of  Newcastle-unih  r- 
Lin«>. — Mi'.  Robert  Gibson. — At  West  Brom* 
wich,  Mrs.  Kenrick. — Thomas  Smith,  esq.  of 
Tihbington  House. 

SUFFOLK. —  Married.]  Sir  T.Gage,  of  Hen- 
grave  Hal!,  to  Lady  Mary- Ann  Brown. — Mr.. 
Wm,  Partridge,   of  Lavenham,    to   Miss    L. 
Cutmington,  of  Springfield. 

Died.]  AtWetherden,  aged  73,  the  Rev.  R. 
Shepherd,  D.D. — Aged  51,  the  Rev.  J.  Stcg- 
aall,  rector  of  Hessett. — The  Rev.  John  Brand, 
M.A.of  Wickam-Skeith.— The  Rev.  H.  Daw- 
son, of  Great  Waddiiigfiold. — At  Critingfh  ItL 
Dr.  Rodbard,  aged 85— Aged 59, T.  Nash,  esq. 

StJRRY. — Married.]  John  Carr,  esq.  to  Miss 
John  Ann  Farmer,  of  Dippen  Hall. — Win. 
Seudaihare,  esq.  to  Miss  Davies,  ofMortlake. 

Died.]  At  Michain,  at  the  advanced  age  of 
104,  Mr.  Thomas  Clee. — At  Dorking,  Thos. 
Boweu,  esq.  post  captain  in  the  royal  navy. 

Sussex. — Married.]  Captain  Prescott,  to 
Miss  Faulkiner.— Mr.Pew  tress,  to  M.ssWilms- 
hurst,  of  Lewes. 

Died.]  At  Alfriston,  Mrs.  Virgoe,  in  her 
70th  year. — Mrs.  Bethune,  of  Rowfant. — Mrs 
Ann  Beck,  at  Piddinghoe,  in  her  96th  year. 

Warwickshire. — Married.]  T.  Corlrin, 
esq.  of  Eraore,  to  Miss  Taylour.  —  Mr.  C. 
Thompson,  of  Birmingham,  to  Miss  M.  Mur- 
cott. — Ml*.  John  Underwood,  to  Miss  M.  Ca- 
meron. 

Died.]  Thomas  Malik,  eeq.  of  Coleshill.— 
At  Birmingham,  aged  96,  Mr.  W.  Airport. — . 
Mr.  J.  Ireland,  author  of  several  works. 

Wiltshire. —  Married.]  Mr.  Rich.  Marsh, 
to  Miss  Ann  Daran. 

Died-]  Thomas  Saunders,  esq.  of  Poole. — 
James  Seager,  esq.  aged  71  years. — J.  Baird, 
esq.  aged 86. — At  West  Grimstead,  Mrs.  Row- 
den,  aged  (36. 

Worcestershire. — Married!]  G  Wigley 
Perrott,  esq.  of  Craypombe  House,  to  .Miss 
Yates,  of  Liverpool. — Mr.  Edward  Smith,  to 
Miss  Cowell,  ofStourpoit. — Lieut.  Pilcher,  t<} 
Miss  L.  W.  Ehiugton,  of  Low  Hill. 

Died.]  Mr.  Woodyat,  of  Ledbury,  iij  his 
75th  year.— Lately,  the  Rev.  Mr.  willctjs. 

Yorkshire. — Married!]  The  Rev.  Mr.  In- 
man,  of  York,  to  Miss  Imnan,  ofBedale, — J. 
Lambert,  esq.  of  Hull,  to  Miss  Au»  Hvldcu. 
— .Captain  Madrah,  to  Miss  Sarah  Turpin. 

Died.]  At  Wakefield,  David  Parkhill,  aged 
70. — At  York,  Win.  Burgh,  esq.    L.  C.  I). 

Miscellaneous — Mawed-]  At  Maghera, 
in  Ireland,  J.  M'lllmyili,  aged  97,  to  the  Wi- 
dow M'Inespey,  aged  ag. 

Died.]  In  Portugal,  E.  Moore,  esq.  brigade. 
major. — At  Malta,  Thomas  Dales  Mallison, 
esq. — At  Bombay,  Lieut.  Thomas  Dickenson. 
At  Belfast,  the  Rev.  W  m.  Bristow, — In  Ire. 
land,  General  Orlands  Manly. — Lately,  at  Fort 
William,  Calcutta,  Captain  Pi  1<t  Henry. — In 
France,  the  Hon,  Dame  Isabella  Style,  widow 
of  Sir  Charks  Style,  bait,  in  K«nt 


l'J7 


ALP1IABETH  \I.  LlSt]  OF  bXjNKROPT<  fl      \M>  DIVIDEND 

'Uhvkslock, 


BANKR1  M«  ii. 

77,.-  Rflt)  ■  ■  'arm  them. 

Amuimiv  i  Stockport,  Cheshire,  drapei 
'I:  Ufi.fi  -,i  ,  (  'Iimiiii  i  \  i 

Blown  i'  N    W  «  ithnry  upon  Trim,  Glo 
tershfre,  timber  mi  I'cbaul      i  l  u  Id  aud 
good,  •  i<M  ird's  mo 

|:. li low  \v.  Stockport,  Cheshire,  timber  met 

I I  •  inple 

BircballJ,  Liverpool,  butcher  (Blacketock, 
>i   Miiiiniis,  DoCfors  commons 

Buddeu  H.  Little  Chapel  street,  Westmnv 
■ter,  carpenter     (LatkoW,  Wardrobe  place 

Bertou  •"'  S  Liverpool,  incrchanl  (<  >■■>}>•  t 
and  Lowe,  Soul  n'amptou  buil 

Browne  Elizabeth,  Liverpool,  tea  dealer 

Davis  Samuel  aud  Peter  Davis,  Drayton  in 
Uulis,  Shropshire,  bankers 

DuwsOti  J  Tottington,  I  ancashire,  innkeep- 
er    (WiglAwovth,*  Gray's  inn  iqu 

Douglas  T.  Loughborough,  Leicestershire, 
merchant  (Bleordale,  Alexander,  and  Elolme, 
Njw  inn 

Davis  liistcr,  Warminster, Wiltshire,  i 

liiy  Simeon,  Oxford,  wine  merchant 

FrostT.  Leadeuliall  street,  stationer  Evitl 
aud  Nixon,  Hayddh  square 

FriserT.  Will  shut,  Itfary-le-bone,  coach 
sprint  manufacturer    i^l'ii:  to,  <  bat'lea  street, 

<  a>  eirdish  square 

Gfatier  I'.  Lei  bridge,  publicau  (Tcbhutt 
ami  SImttleworth,  Gray*s  inn  square 

Jefrerys  11.  Meleomb  H.  ..I-,  Dorsetshire, 
Hnendraper    (Sy  tidal  I,  Aldertgate  street 

Johnson  John,  (.  lil'ion,  Gh>. teenier,  coaeh 
maker 

Jacob  Michael,  Beirut  street;  Commercial 
mad,  dealer 

Jenkins  Edmund,  Bath,  victualler 

Kinder  S.  Manchester,  clothier  (Jackson 
andJudd,  Stamford,  Lincolnshire 

LochwoodG.  rluduersfield,  Vorkshire,  wool- 
len draper  (T.  Taylor,  Exchange  street,  Man- 
Chester 

Marriott  Janta,  Burnley,  Lancashire,  cot- 
ton spinaei    (P.  Hurd,  King's  Beach  walk, 

Temple 

PooreJ,  .Mill  lane,  Southwark,  lighterman 
(Lee,  Three  crown  court,  Southwark 

Pi  traoa  T.  South  Shields,  Durham,  ship- 
wright    (Bell  and  Broderick,  Bow-lam 

Pickwood  G.     Cloak    lane,     wine     BKtchant 

(Godmond,  New  Bridge  street,  Blackfriars 

Rogers  S  Cbeopstow,  Monmouth,  stationer 
(Swain,  Stevens,  and  Maples,  Old  Jewry 

trick  S.     Idle,    Yorkshire,    clothier  — 
s,   II  alien  garden 

Smith  J.  Nottingham,  inercci  (Baxters,  and 
Martin,   t  ninivai's  inn 

Stone  T.  \\iltuTi,  Herefordshire,  corn  factor 
(James,  Gray's  inn 

Sampsons  and  Chipchase,  Bread  street,  silk 
lne.eri-.     (Carpenter  and  B.iiU,   Basiiighall  st 

Tamlinson  W.  Toxteetb  Park,  Lancashire, 
merchant  (Shepherd  and  Adlmgtuu,  Bed- 
ion!  row 

tanner  T.  Barnstable,  T\> on,  money  scri- 
vener (Bremridge,  common  pleas  office,  Inner 
Temple 

Talbot  Cbjistopher,  Edgwarc  road,   tailor 


Wooll  .1    I  i\  1 1  pool,  in'  1 1  haal 

si    Mildred  ■ « ,  Poultry 

....   R    It    v. 
,    Southamptiou   buil  ■ 

DP  !  :   . 

At)A  I      I,     -^ 

Belts  B     UaamghoJf  street,    factor,    r'eb   it 

1 

I  >  I.    tl>—  B 

drapl  i,     .Ian     :it  —  n i    B      U 

i      Bartli  ii  <     <   mho  i 

load,      itOOV       m  i  Hill,       1  •  I)  J  ». 

•   Mitigate,  Sen  rtirh,  an  ii  b  mt,  : 
— BridgcrJ     M 

i      Bulgin  v>     Bi  i  ■•  i,   printi  a.     March  17 
Banks K    Elltbem,   Kent,  virtgTallcr,   1.1,7— 

<  "«  pert h wait e    W     Dan    ,,..,    rn  uiu 
Cowperthwaitc  W     QtiO  rsh  rocer, 
Jan    ;      <  nvi  pet  thwaite,    Old 

cer  and  tea  d<  aler,  P<  b   in  — 1 

ningtow,  Stafford,  brewers,     | 

W.   N.  Tabernacle  fcuare,   Finsbhry,  di 

Man  h  1 — Dai  u  ->  ("^  St.  Jobi 

ter,  February  25  -FanneisT   (ami 

<  bants,     Jan.    .    —  PiU 

<  h.  si,  .  <       \||„ 
nalestr   Hanover  square,  upholsterer,  F< 

— Hope  IV.  Manchester,  grocer,  Feb 
Hurry,  V  Liverpool,  merchant^  Jan. 
Hope  W.  Brampt 

finer,    l.!>    >      Horner,   Framwsllgate,   Dur- 
ham, tanner,  Jan.  in. — Hartb  s,  Ivi  ndal,  .' 
moicland,  shoe  maker,    I  i-h   10. — Harvey    It 

Tnkt  nhonse    yard,    hint 

High  street,  Shon  dit<  !i. 
earthenware,  Jan,  24. — Jullhw  J.   Blacl 
.street,  linen  draper,   ;'•  '.>   18— Ives  <      I 
hall,    Norfolk,  brewer,    Feb     18; — Kidd  h. 
Berwick  upon  Tweed,  linen  di  iper,    I    ' 
Krinnan  '1'.  Gray's  inn  square,  money  scri- 
vener,  Feb.  4. —  Loat  K 
gernnd  brazier,  Feb  25—  I  •    I  •■•  H   ">     < 
sh  1 1 1,   Leicester  squait , 
Lawson  T.  LsJicaster,  ■.  m — l.or*». 

mood  .1.    Ih  1  ston,  V 
Matthews  \V  .  Maiden b 
and  builder,  Jan  .  :il  —  A, 
cer,   Feb.  4 — Morgan  L.   Noble  stt 
houseman,  1  "eh.  )tt  —  MiddletonT     ; 
cotton  maiiutactnrer,   March  9 — M 
dleworth;  Vorkshire,  dyer,  Jan    : 

Fenchurch  street,  merchant,  

\oi  nand  L.   Kent  10. iJ,  sX,:. 
Jan.  .!!  —  Pate  J.     Burj    St     Edmunds,    ■ 
scrivi  ner,  Feb   1  :  mi  » 

chureh  yard,  Southwark,  ho^  factor,  Feb  7 — 
Popplewoll  J    Kingston  upon  Ilnl.  a-aete- 

PrestonJ,  Barton  union  Hi. 
colnshire,  tanner,  Feb.  9  —  I'm 
block  maker,   1".  b.  13.— =1 
Surry,  dealer  in  eosna,  Feb.  4;-  H    H. 

Halifax,  merchant,  Feb.   1 — Smith    l     ^l 
Chester,  cotton   mat 

I  .        l"i>;isl:  i:n,     , 
Feb.  4 — StaCey  <i    Cb>apsid*,   vard 
Feb.    14  —  Whittle  id    1      Ma^chest 
wsdner,    Jan.    23' — -Wright    \-  le-la- 

Zbnch,    diaper,    Jan.  31  —  White 
buildings,   t_it\    road,   merchant    .March  7 — 
WUsou  J     Oxford,  leal  I.. 


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ISO 
METEOROLOGICAL   JOURNAL, 

Kept  h</  72.  Banks,  Mathematical  Instrument-Maker,  Strand,  Londo/t* 


1808 

DEC, 
D»5  of 

BAROME- 
TER. 

g   \  M. 

Tl 

lERMOMETER. 

WEATHER. 

1  \  M 

iP.M. 

est. 

est 

Day. 

rXight. 

_H 

28 

38 

as 

26 

Snow 

Snow 

-7 

32 

a 

27 

Dilto 

FHto 

2  I 

»9*7 

28 

28 

33 

26 

C'louily 

Cloudy 

2  5 

29.56 

29 

30 

:)0 

24 

Ditto 

Ditto 

26 

x;y-49 

26 

31 

32 

30 

Ditto 

Ditto 

B7 

eg  4.1 

32 

33 

84 

30 

]{ai-i 

Ditto 

38 

34 

37 

39 

35 

Ditto 

Rain 

eg 

29.50 

36 

39 

40 

37 

Ditto 

Ditto 

:)o 

-'■I    lM 

38 

39 

43 

33 

Cloudy 

Ditto 

8] 

29.59 

34 

3a 

40 

35 

Rain 

Ditto 

I8«g 

JAN. 

1 

29.60 

36 

37 

40 

35 

Rain 

Rain 

2 

2917 

37 

30 

39 

30 

Ditio 

Dittot 

3 

2933 

31 

30 

32 

28 

Snow 

Ditto 

A 

09.63 

30 

32 

33 

32 

Rain 

Ditto 

5 

29-67 

37 

43 

44 

42 

Ditto 

Fair} 

6 

29  50 

42 

42 

44 

38 

Cloudy 

Ditto 

7 

4" 

39 

41 

BG 

Rain 

Ditto 

B 

oS.32 

40 

40 

42 

;i6 

Ditto 

Rain 

9 

29-37 

40 

40 

44 

34 

Ditto 

Faii- 

10 

gg.30 

38 

39 

43 

s6 

Ditto 

Cloudy 

I  1 

29-38 

3* 

38 

40 

33 

Fair 

Ditto 

12 

2949 

35 

32 

36 

31 

Ditto 

Ditto 

13 

2g  6g 

33 

34 

38 

28 

Rain 

Ditto 

14 

39 :  s 

30 

32 

36 

28 

Cloudy 

Ditto 

15 

29-75 

30- 

28 

30 

26 

Snow 

Ditto 

16 

30.    3 

28 

27 

30 

27 

Cloudy 

Ditto 

17 

30.   6 

38 

37 

-  28 

2] 

Ditto 

Fair 

18 

29.88 

63 

23 

27 

SO 

Fail- 

Ditto 

10 

2973 

24 

29 

30* 

29 

Snow 

Snow 

•9.4b 

28 

3<> 

32 

35 

Fog 

Ditto 

21 

29*46 

32 

33 

33 

29 

Cloudy 

Ditto} 

32 

29.12 

82 

31 

33 

21 

Snow 

Ditto 

*  4.1  1  P.'M.  appearance  cf  char. 
minutes  curiously  covered  with  ice, 
1  Snov  at  10  F.  M.     Ueav\  .-now 
<;  Heavy 


gc.     Rain  freezing  as 
succeeded  by  rain  ami 

all  night.  %  ^ 

snow  all  night. 


it  fell.     The  thermometers  in  a 
snow  all  the  night. 
he  constellation  Orion  brilliant. 
Very  black  in  the  north. 


few 


P  R I  C  E  S 

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Stock  Broker  and  General  Agent,  No.-U,  CornhilL 


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THE 


lleposttorp 


or 


ARTS,  LITERATURE,  COMMERCE, 

Manufactures^  Fashions,  mid  Politics^ 

For  MARCH.    1800 


*~\)t  Etjiro  /dumber. 


EMBELLISHMENTS. 

FACE 

1.  Two  Sir  ii.::  ,   by  Hov.ut         .... 

J.  PrBOPNEUMATic  Apparatus  (a  Wood-cut) 

3.  FfC-SlMlLB  of  a  Latin  I'okm  iku.m  Bbbci  l\neim 

4.  Pbttsfl  Walking Dhbss \hi 

■     (  >rnt\  D;:i  sS iH'i 

<>.  Habdinc,  Howell,  &  Co.'s  Magazine,  Pail-Mall 181 

7.  Fashionable  Fuenitubb M< 

*    Alleookicai.  Wuod-ci  r.  xtritk  Potter** 

CONTENTS 


I'AGF 

HisTonY  of  Architecture     .     :     .  131 

Architecture  of  India      ....  132 

Architecture  of  Egypt    ....  13+ 

Chinese  Imperial  Edict  .     .     .     .  ISO 

Account  of  the  learned  Spaniel     .  138 

Inquiry  on  the  Origin  of  drinking 

Healths ib. 

Account  of  the  Merino  Sheep  .     .  13'.' 

Anecdotes  of  European  Manners 

anl  Custom-.        14-5 

Second  Letter  from  Italy      ...  14-3 

British   Sports — The   Pointer   and 

Setter 15  5 

F.arl  Stanhope's  Composition  fur 

healing  Wounds  in  Trees  .  157 

On  the  Waste  of  Agricultural  Pro- 
duce       159 

Instrument  for  procuring  Fire  in- 

stantaneouly        160 

Account  of  a  new  Pedometer    .     .  lo3 
Projected  Emigration  of  the  Spa- 
nish Patriots l'j." 

History,    Manufactures,   and  Pro- 
perties of  Sugar 107 


'j  Comparison  of  the  r.i-,t!:<ms  of  the 

present  and  past  Times 
I  Retrospect  of  Politics      .     .     .     . 

Medical  Report 

!!  Agricultural  Report 

Fao-Simile  of  a  Line  of  a  Latin 
Poem  found  at  Herculaneum 

Literary  Intelligence       .     .     .     . 
i  Review  of  New  Publications 

Review  of  New  Music 

Theatrical  Observations  .     . 

Fasatooi  for  Ladies     .     .     . 

CJentiemen 

Harding,  Howell,  and  Co.'s  Grand 
Fashionable  Magazine 

Fashionable  Furniture 

Descriptions  of  Patterns  of  British 
Manufacture        .     . 

Poetry 

Marriages  and  Deaths 

Bankrupts  and  Dividends 
i   I/ondon  Markets    . 

Priced  of  Sti  da 

Meteorological  Table 

Prices  of  Companies 


170 
17  J 
178 

178 

180 
J  S  I 

1-  | 

185 

188 

- 

- 


TO  CORRESPONDENT. 

He  earnestly  solicit  communications  {post  naid\  f 
gene^l,  as  veil  as  authors,   respecting' J ™> /™m  Pr°S*'*>rs  of  the  Arts  ,„ 
cedent  advantages  vhich  musta^rtfo  to  h  f rim  I    ^  ""*  ***  fc  h(md'     ™" 
mU  be  given  to  the* productions  *£^£^J£j>  er'™ive  *"«*  ^ 

be  mentioned,  ue  conceive,  to  induce  the,    If  0/<^  Repository,  needs  only  to 

'halt  alWllys  meet  wkk  the  Jt^^Z^        V  ""*  ""*  formation,  did 

«  *****    His  proposed  Imtnu^atiL LS/^T^  burgeons 

«*i2S&7^a±irJC  **•  *«*  *-  ten  i. 

D.  O/a  two  later,  m ree,;~.j      7  ' s'ad  ,0  hear ^<""  '»'»<• 

possible  be  coJptolKM  '  —  *  rf*"«<  "**"«  *■  *•  shall  as  far  as 

•fag;  ?ri£;«L£E»£«w  *  «**  ,vw 

i-SSSS"  ",£  ""*  * ""  **»  °" Gas  «*-  *'"  *i»  „«,  ^  rt, 

n.  r  w«rt„  /,.„„  fc*^  ,,,.„  s/M„  wmr  fc  ^^  ^ 

I%e  Remarks  of  an  Admirer  on    rnwe,     i       ,      - 


THE 


a&eposttorp 


OP 


ARTS,  LITERATURE,  COMMERCE, 

Manufactures,  Fashions,   and  Politics, 
For  MARC  1 1,    1S09. 


SEfjc  Ojiro  j^umbrr. 


-The  laflrigC  of  tlir  wise, 


Tlir  praise  that's  worth  ambition,    is  attainM 
By  sense  alone,  and  dignity  of  nnml. 


ARMCTIIOXG. 


HISTORY  OF  TFIi:  USEFUL  AND  POLITE  ARTS. 

(  Continued  from  page  1*2.) 

Proceeding  with  our  general  |  to  inspire  them  WfUl  elevated  sen- 
view  of  the  history  of  the  fine  arts,  ;  timents,  architecture  was  made  the 
ire  shall  commence  with  that  which  means  of  diffusing  respect  for  the 
has  Undoubtedly  to  boast  of  the  !  customs  and  regulations  of  tlie  state, 
highest  antiquity.  love  of  glory,  enthusiasm  for  patri- 

Akchitf.ctuhf,,  considered  as  Otic  virtue,  and  a  relish  for  the 
a  tine  art,  was,  among  various  pow-  purer  pleasures  of  existence, 
erful  nations  of  the  ancient  world.  Among  all  the  nationsof  the  earth 
as  also  at  the  foundation  of  the  IV-  which  have  attained  a  certaiu  de- 
ruvian  empire,  the  medium  which  ^ree  of  civili/ati<m  and  greatness, 
wise  legislators  employed  to  form  the  cultivation  of  architecture  was 
several  tribes  into  a  well-regulated  '  indispensably  necessary  :  it  was  the 
state,  to  giye  this  associated  nation  •  medium  by  which  the  state  distin- 
a  visible  point  of  union,  and  to  se-  guished,  in  a  manner  worthy  of  it- 
cure  to  religion  and  the  laws  per-  j  self,  the  public  buildings,  and  the 
inanent  respect  and  obedience.  ,  objects  and  purposes  for  which  they 

In  the  republics  of  Greece,  where  were  designed.  The  works  ofarchi- 
the  legislature  was  more  particularly  lecture  are,  therefore,  monuments, 
desirous  to  civilize  the  citizens,  and     in  which  every  nation  and  every 

Xo.  III.   Vol.  I.  S 


J  52 


HISTORY  OF  TIIF.  tfSEFU'L  AND  POLTTH  ART*. 


age  displays  to  postcril y,  not  only 
its  power  and  its  wealth,  but  I  ike- 
wise  its  genius,  its  understand iog, 
and,  above  all,  its  ideas  of  gran- 
deur and  beauty. 

The   invention   and  iTi /fusion   of 
the  Gfothic  style  of  architecture  at  I 
the  time  of  the  Crusades,  mark  the  ! 


and  invariable  object  of  architec- 
ture ;  its  connection  with  the  way 
of  thinking  of  various  nations;  its 
origin,  progress,  and  decline  among 
the  ancients,  cannot  therefore  prove 
destitute  of  interest. 
I .  Origin  of 'Architecture  in  India. 
The  first  idea  of  combining  an 


epoch  at  which  ihc  modern  Euro-  '  a-sthetie  object  witli   architecture, 


pean  nations  began  to  turn  their  at- 
tention to  the  arts,  and  to  aspire  to 
a  higher  degree  of  civilization,  ft 
was  the  first  expression  of  that  re-  ' 
lish  for  the  arts  which  was  just  then  | 
excited,  and  the  stock  from  which 
a  great  part  of  the  mechanical,  and 
the  spirit  of  the  imitative  arts,  have 
sprung  up  among  them. 

By  the  discovery  and  the  attcn- 
five  examination  of  the  remains  of 
Grecian  architecture,  the  modern 
European  nations  first  acquired  rto-  j 
tions  of  the  sublimer  beauties  of  de-  i 
sign  and  decoration  ;  it  was  only  by 
these  that  their  skill  and  taste  at-  ! 
tained  so- striking  a  superiority  over  i 
those  of  the  more  civilised  Asiatic  { 
nations  ;   and  since  that  period,  the  ! 
excellence  of  the  different  nations  ' 
of  Europe  in  the  productions  of  ar-  j 
chitceture,  has  invariably  been  pro-  > 
portionate  to  their  knowledge  of  the  j 
principles  of  (Grecian  art,  and  the 
degree  of  skill  with  which  they  have 
applied  them. 

The  history  of  architecture  is, 
therefore,  an  important  portion  of 
the  history  of  human  knowledge. 
It  is  a  subject  that  justly  deserves 
the  attention  of  the  philosophic 
statesman  ;  who  discovers  in  the 
arts,  not  only  the  means  of  increas- 
ing the  power  and  the  opulence  of 
the  state,  but  also  of  instilling  into 
mankind  nobler  sentiments,  and  in- 
spiring a  relish  for  higher  pleasures. 
A  concise  account  of  tUe  history 


could  not  have  originated  in  the 
earh  ages  of  the  world,  in  which 
we  find  traces  of  it,  except  in  a  na- 
tion abundantly  supplied  with  the 
gifts  of  nature,  and  endowed  wkii 
a  fertile  imagination.  None  but  a 
fruitful  country,  blessed  with  ma- 
nifold natural  productions,  could, 
in  the  infancy  of  the  world,  have 
afforded  materials  and  leisure  for 
the  construction  of  edifices,  which 
in  those  days  were  phenomena  truly 
extraordinary  io  mankind  ;  and 
none  but  a  race  endued  with  genius 
could  have  invented  the  elements  of 
an  art  which  had  no  original  in 
nature. 

The  peninsula  of  India   on  tin's 
side  of  the  Ganges,  was  probably 
the  cradle  of  architecture,  consi- 
dered as  an  art.     In  that  country, 
where  the  developement  of  the  hu- 
man mind,  favoured  by  the  physi- 
cal advantages  of  soil  and  climate. 
and   the   extraordinary    talents    of 
individuals,  commenced  at  a  very 
early  period,  we  find  not  only  every 
I  thing   that  could    awaken,   earlier 
!  than  elsewhere,  the  idea  of  operat- 
j  ing,  by  means  of  superb  edifices, 
|  on  the  feelings  of  men  ;  but  archi- 
!  tectural  monuments  are  still  in  ex* 
;  isterice  there,    which  at  the  same 
time  bear  the  stamp  of  the  highest 
i  antiquity,  and  exhibit  all  the  signs 
j  of  primeval  skill  and  invention. 

The  notion  of  a  superior  power 
;  inculcated  by  the  laws*  was,  front 


insmitv  or  u/i    rsEFUI/ AND  POLITE  'iin, 


133 


the  remotest  antiquity,  lite  means 
by  which  benevolent  sages  succeed- 
ed in  reducing  savage  hordes  undci 
the  yoke  of  social  union  and  ch  il 
laws.  To  give  this  lotion  a  visible 
medium  and  permanent  influence, 
il  was  natural  and  necessarj   (bat 


in  rcjievo.  The  iaterioi  of  the  tem- 
ple i .  :i  quadrangle,  with  thirty-  i \ 
osluri  il  n i\   ii i  § 1 1 _r « -d  in 

rows.  ( )n  either  side,  in  ihe  interior 
of  (In'  temple|  is  i  porti<  o,  timilar 
to  the  principal  entrance,  le  iding 
(o  distinct  apartments ;    the  ba<  k 


t)u-  place  w  Inure  (he  laws  emanated  ground  of  the  temple  iUcll  i>  adorn* 
should,  bj  if-  exterior  majesty,  cd  with  a  colossal  representation  of 
produce  an   impression    upon   the    the  chief  deity  of  the  Indians  and 


minds  of  uncultivated  men.     Prior 
ii)  the  invention  of  the  arts,  nothing 

could  be  heller  adapted  lo  this  end 

than  forests  and  caverns.    In  India, 
where  the  mechanical  arts,  encou* 


oilier  tlgUrCS  Ul  relievo.     The     i 

between  the  columns  i*  invariably 
equal  t « »  their  height.    The  lower 

pari  of  them  Consists,   as  in  (lie  mo- 
dern Indian  temples,  of  a   polished 


raged  by  the  patient  industry  of  its  II  quadrangular  pedestal,  as  high  as 

inhabitants,   wire  likely  (<>  make  a      a  man  ;     hul    the    upper    is    round, 

very  rapid  progress,  caverns  were  fl  very  short,  and  growing  rapidly 
soon  imitated  by*art,  and  thus  trans-  |  smaller  to  the  top,  where  thej  ler- 
formed  into  subterraneous  temples,    minate  in  a  large  cushion,  nearly 

resembling,    in  form,    the   turbans 


ihe  roofs  pf  which  were  supported 
by  several  rows  of  hewn  columns. 
A  temple  of  this  Kind,  united  with 
the  awful  gloom  of  a  natural  cavern, 
die  appearance  of  a  hold  and  gveal 
undertaking,  and  when  the  interior 
was  lighted   up,   il  Mould  afford  a 


still  commonly  worn  hy  the  Hin- 
doos. A!>o\eJlie  columns  is  a  kind 
of  architrave,  composed  of  three 
small  h  a\  es  and  a  modilh.n. 

The  skilful  arrangement,  and  the 
curious  ornaments  of  this  structure, 


spectacle  which  could   not   tail  to  hul  more  particularly   the   grand 

operate  with  equal  force  upon  the  works  with  which  its  walls  are  em- 
senses  and  imagination  of  a  savage  hdli  died,  forbid  us,  uolwklkstand- 
jieople,  by  ils  variety,   its  rarity,  ing  h.s  high  antiquity,  to  consider 


and  its  solemnity 

Some  of  these  .subterraneous  tern? 


it  as  one  of  the  most  ancient  mo- 
numents   of  Indian    architecture  : 


plcsstill  exist,  and  have  excited  the    but  it  is  impossible  not  to  perceive 
curiosity  of  modern  travellers :  Mi"-    in  it  the  spirit  of  primitive,   and 

buhr,  in  particular,  has  described  a  jj  even  of  invented  art.     In  like  man- 
remarkable  monument  of  tiiis  kind,     ner  we   observe,    in  its  embellish- 
in  the  little  island  of  Elephanta,  near     ments,   that  which  in\ariabl\   dis- 
Bombay.     This  temple  is  situated  [tinguishes  the  first attempts>oici 
on  the  declivity  of  a  mountain,  and     people   in   the   art   of  decora1  i 
the  entrance  into  it  is  formed  by  a    namely,   ornaments  which  are  not 


portico  of  tour  columns,  which,  like 
all  Ihe  others,  are  hewn  out  uf  the 


imitations  of  any  objects  in  nature, 
but  merely  represent  regular  ideal 


rock.  The  deptii  of  the  portico  is  figures 
equal  to  the  height  of  the  columns.  \  arious  descriptions  of  snbtcrrn- 
nnd  the  sides  are  decorated  with  neous  Indian  temples  may  be  found 
scenes  irom  the  Indian  mythology]  j|  in  the  seventh  volume  a£tkcArchttm 


134 


HISTORY  OF  THE  USEFUL  AND  POLITE  ARTS. 


ologia,  or  Miscellaneous  Tracts  re- 
lating to  Antiquity,  No.  32,  34, 
35  ;  and  also  in  the  Comparative 
View  of  the  Ancient  Monuments  of 
India  (4to.  178G).  The  authors  of 
those  performances,  indeed,  assume 
that  the  monuments  of  Indian  ar- 
chitecture are  of  far  more  recent 
date  than  those  of  Egyptian  and 
Grecian  art,  and  that  India  was  un- 
acquainted with  the  arts  till  after 
the  expedition  of  Alexander.  But, 
on  the  one  hand,  the  ancient  his- 
tory of  India  is  not,  by  far,  suffi- 
ciently elucidated  to  enable  us  to 
determine,  with  any  certainty,  the 
epochs  of  its  monuments ;  and  on 
the  other,  the  character  of  these  pro- 
ductions is  so  different  from  that  of 
Grecian  art,  it  is  so  perfectly  ori- 
ginal, that  we  have  no  hesitation  to 
ascribe  the  invention  of  this  species 
of  architecture  exclusively  to  the 
Indians. 

II.  On  the  Introduction  of  Archi- 
tecture into  Egypt,  and  its  Pro- 
gress in  that  Country. 
Respecting  the  introduction  of 
architecture  from  India  into  Egypt 
and  Hither  Asia,  history  has  indeed 
preserved  but  few  particulars  ;  but 
the  numerous  traces  of  the  com- 
merce of  those  regions  in  the  pro- 
ductions of  India,  and  the  popular 
traditions  relative  to  the  expedi- 
tions of  ancient  Egyptian  and  Asi- 
atic heroes  to  that  country,  render 
it  extremely  probable,  that  it  was 
Iviiown  to  the  inhabitants  of  the 
shores  of  the  Nile  and  Euphrates 
long  before  the  time  when  the  arts 
flourished  among  thein,  and  that 
it  was  considered  as  the  source  of 
the  riches  of  the  arts  and  sciences. 
The  power,  wealth,  and  popu- 
lation of  Egypt  depended  on  agri- 
culture :    it  was  not  till  after  the 


longconflict  by  which  Upper  Egypt 
was  rescued  from  the  encroachments 
of  the  Nile,  and  its  industry  and  fer- 
tility were  secured,  till  the  comple- 
tion of  the  works  of  the  lake  Moeris 
and  the  great  canals,  that  Egypt  was 
distinguished  by  that  grandeur  and 
boldness  of  style  in  architecture,  for 
which  she  makes  such  a  figure  in 
the  history  of  the  art. 

The  peculiar  nature  of  this  coun- 
try obliged  its  inhabitants  to  quit 
their  mountains  and  dispersed  dwel- 
lings at  an  earlier  period  than  those 
of  India,  and  to  collect  in  towns, 
in  the  plain  on  the  banks  of  the 
Nile.  This  gave  occasion  to  vari- 
ous changes  in  the  primitive  system 
of  architecture,  and  to  some  remark- 
able improvements  in  the  art. 

The  art  of  hewing  stones  must 
have  become  known  on  the  first 
cultivation  of  the  soil  in  Upper 
Egypt ?  because  that  country  is  co- 
vered with  mountains  of  granite, 
which  in  some  places  advance  to 
the  very  banks  of  the  Nile.  No 
sooner,  then,  was  Lower  Egypt  in- 
habited, and  the  conveyance  of 
stone  facilitated  by  the  construction 
of  canals,  than  the  natives  conceiv- 
ed the  idea  of  building  their  temples 
and  other  public  edifices  of  that 
material,  and  that  with  a  splendour 
corresponding  with  its  superiority 
over  Upper  Egypt  in  the  arts  and 
in  opulence.  In  the  architecture 
of  these  structures,  the  model  of 
the  Indian  temples  was  so  far  re- 
tained, that  the  body  of  the  edifice 
resembled,  like  them,  a  cavern  of 
stone,  the  roof  of  which  was  sup- 
ported by  columns  :  but  as  this  roof 
was  composed  of  a  variety  of  pieces, 
it  was  necessary  to  augment  the 
number  of  the  columns,  and  to 
place  them  nearer  to  each  other, 


HISTORY   Of  Till.   USEFUL    ANfl    POLITE    ARTS 


1  15 


thill  in  the  Indian  temples.  In  or- 
der, howeyer,  to  leave  as  much 
■pace  as  possible  between  (hem,  the 
pedestal  was  rounded  off  to  the 
ground,  excepting  a  low  plinth  a< 
the  base. 

From  Ibe  great  population  of  the 
Egj  ptian  cities,  ami  (In*  disposition 

Of  llu-   nation    to   superstition    and 

religious  pomp,  the  number,  di- 
mensions, and  magnificence  <>f  tin1 
temples  in  die  cities,  were  increased 
loan  almost  Incredible  degree  •  For 
the  convenience  of  the  people,  large 

court*    were   erected    before    them, 

■which  were  Burrounded  ami  inter- 
sected bv  colonnades,  and  separated 

from  each  oilier  by  magnificent 
gateways  ami  avenues. 

As  various  uses  were  made  of 
columns  in  the  Egyptian  temples, 
so  also  their  disposition  and  figure 
were  improved  in  various  ways. 
The  omission  of  the  pedestal,  and 
the  rounding  oil'  of  the  capital  to 
the  base,  gave  the  columns  a  more 
elegant  form,  and  better  propor- 
tions ;  the  architrave,  which  in  the 
Indian  temples  is  extremely  low, 
was  made  higher  iu  these,  because 
the  roof,  covering  the  interior  of 
the  temple  and  the  porticos,  rested 
upon  them.  The  front  of  the  pieces 
composing  the  roof,  which  appear- 
ed externally,  formed  a  new  part  of 
the  structure,  on  which  the  signs 
of  the  zodiac  were  commonly  paint- 
ed or  hewn;  on  which  account,  this 
part  iu  the  sequel  was  denominated 

zop/torus.  The  Egyptians  likewi.se 
made  improvements  in  the  capital; 
and  by  gradually  enlarging  it.  from 


improved  the  architectural  etnbcl« 
lishments.     The}    invented   many 

new    ideal    figures,    and    Inst    intio- 

duced  decorations  from  tin-  \ 
table  and  animal  kingdoms  ;    but 

most    of  the   ornament  ,  especially 
those  of  the  I  ist  mentioned  < 
generally  had  some  aUegorh  al  al- 
lusion  to   the    structure   in    which 
(hey  were  emplo\  ed. 

As  the  power  and  the  (  i vibVit ion 
of  the    Egyptians   advanced,    their 

architecture  was  uot  confined  to 
their  temples,  but  was  extended  tt> 
other  public  edifices  and  monu- 
ments ;  and  as  this  nation  was  so- 
licitous in  transmit  its  history  ami 
memorable  discoveries  in  the  sci- 
ences to  posterity,  the  Egyptians 
invented,  tor  this  purpose,  v arioui 
modes  of  building,  But  what  this 
nation  sought  more  particularly  to 
eternize  by  indestructible  monu- 
ments, was  its  important  discover*  ■ 
in  astronomy;  and  for  this  reason, 
the  Egyptians  not  only  adorned 
many  of  their  edifices  with  symbo- 
lical figures  of  the  constellations! 
but,  in  all  probability,  they  intend- 
ed to  exhibit  the  whole  system  sf 
the  zodiac,  and  the  course  of  the 
sun,  in  the  const  ruction  of  the  La- 
byrinth ;  an  edifice  whose  solidity 
has  already  withstood  the  ravages 
of  three  thousand  years. 

But  this  very  disposition  to  perpe- 
tuate their  memory  by  durable  mo- 
numents, was,  in  the  sequel,  the  oc- 
casion that  monarchs,  whose  genius 
was  not  fit  for  the  discovery  of  great 
truths,  and  whose  minds  were  not 
capable  of  impelling  them  to  under* 


its  commencement  at  the  extremity  ,  takings  of  public  Utility*  nevertheless 
of  the  column,  to  its  end  below   the     sought  to  eternise  themselves  by  ar« 


arehitrave,    gave    it    a   handsomer 
form,  and  an  appearance  of  greater 


chitectural  monuments,  in  whichthe 

philosopher    certainly  admires  the 


strength.    In  like  manner  they  also    greatness  of  human  powers,  but  la 


136 


CHINESE    IMPERIAL    EDICT. 


ments  their  misapplication,  and  the 
misery  which  the  vanity  of  a  single; 
despot  diffused,  on  this  occasion, 
over^a  numerous  class  of  man-kind. 
Magnificence  and  solicitude  for 
everlasting  duration,  originating  in 
the  influence  of  the  sciences,  and 
supported  by  extensive  mechanical 
knowledge  and  experience  in  the 
practice  of  the  art,  were  the  cha- 
racter of  Egyptian  architecture  :  the 
object  of  the  inventors  and  promo- 
ters of  it,  was  evidently  to  leave 
behind  them  durable  monuments  -of 


great  power  and  skill  ;  and  this  ob- 
ject they  have  attained.  But  in 
none  of  their  works  do  we  discover 
traces,  either  of  a  pleasing  fancy, 
or  of  indulgence  and  respect  for  the 
softer  emotions  of  humanity.  The 
intelligence  of  the  Egyptian  artists 
is  displayed  in  their  works,  merely 
in  the  mechanical  parts  of  the  art  ; 
in  their  skill  to  raise  prodigious 
weights  with  facility,  and  to  fashion 
their  materials  with  accuracy  and 
invincible  perseverance. 

(To  be  continued.) 


CHINESE  IMPERIAL  EDICT. 

Xn  our  last  number  we  presented  our  readers  with  an  edict  of  the  Emperor  of  China, 
extracted  from  the  Pekin  Gazette.  As  we  understand  that  this  curious  article  has 
excited  considerable  interest  in  this  quarter  of  the  globe,  we  shall  introduce 
another  of  the  same  stamp,  and  derived  from  the  same  source,  which,  we  have  no 
doubt,  will  aflbrd  equal  gratification. . 


We  have  respectfully  examined 
the  records  of  our  imperial  ancestor 
tCamhiy  in  which  is  contained  the 
following  edict  addressed  to  the  tri- 
bunal of  arms : 

li  When  this  empire  was  first  es- 
tablished on  its  present  foundations, 
martial  laws  and  military  discipline 
were  observed  with  rigour  and  pre- 
cision. The  enemies  of  the  state 
were  attacked  with  unanimity  and 
driven  from  their  fortresses.  The  ope- 
rations of  each  campaign,  together 
with  the  merits  and  demerits  oft  he  re- 
spective commanders,  were  faithful- 
ly and  exactly  reported,  without 
■any  disgraccfulevasions,  or  credit  to 
themselves  unworthily  assumed.  But 
t»1  present,  when  an  army  is  sent  on 
any  military  service,  every  report 
that  is  made  of  their  operations  con- 
tains an  account  of  a  victory,  of  re- 
bels dispersed  at  the  first  encounter, 
driven  from  their  stations,  killed  and 


the  amount  of  some  thousands,  or  in 
short,  that  the  rebels  slain  were  in- 
numerable. 

"  These  and  similiar  reports  are 
made  to  us  by  the  commanders,  in 
the  hopes  of  extending  the  fame  of 
their  own  achievments,  and  procur- 
ing presents  and  promotion.  We 
thcrefirre  hereby  issue  our  strict  in- 
junctions to  all  general  ofiicers,  vice- 
roys, governors,  and  colonels,  to  re- 
port to  us  with  sincerity  and  a  scru- 
pulous attention  to  truth  and  preclu- 
sion, the  accounts  of  their  future 
military  ope  rat  ions;  and  we  further 
declare,  that  should  this  corrupt 
custom  above  described,  or  claims  of 
undeserved  credit,  recur  in  their  fu- 
ture reports,  the  utmost  rigour  of 
military  law  shall  be  exerted  in  pu- 
nishing the  offence.** 

In  consequence  of  the  desire  of 
our  imperial  ancestor  Cam/ii,  to  re- 
store the  vigour  and  promptitude 


wounded  to  a  great  amount,    or  to  ij  of  military  discipline,  we   indeed 


CHIXEIE    11  ii. i'  I  I  i.    EDICT. 


w 


find,  lince  the  establishment  ofoui 
empire,  (Ik-  moil  respectable  in- 
stances of  \  alour,  sincerity  ,  and  di- 
ligence among  cur  Tartar  officers. 
Hv  these  the  three  foreign  tribes 
were  subdued,  and  the  pacification 
of  the  seven  pun  inc<  i  accomplish- 
ed (alluding  probably  to  the  sub- 
iucation  of  Chinn  l»v  the. Tartars). 
Tit  Uajf,   ;«'»<'  (hang    lung,   ;ui<l 


arc  left  so  far  behind  by  the  offcen 
who  established  on r empire;  and  with 
reaped  to  the  faith Ic  ae  is  "I  t h >- i f 
representation  .  ind  i 
ricsand  capturi  <,  mi  n  !>•  witfia  riew 
<>!'  acquiring  credit  and  re*  irds, 
the  difference  is  still  more  remark- 
able. \\  e  have  frequently  issued 
our  order  and  admonitions,  that  ric- 
fiuics  or  defeats  ihould  be  resorted 


ether  generals  manifested  an  unsbak-  ,  to  us  with  equal  /itl«-l  i  r_>  ;  notwith- 
fn  fidelity  and  determined  valour,  II  standing  which  this  corrupt  cuatosn 
which,  when  accompanied  by acti-    still  prevails,  and  it   only  remaiM 
vityaad  diligence,  can  scarcely  fail  \  lor  us  to  oppose  the  en  il  by  str<» 
to  accomplish  the  designs  it  under-     prohibitions  and  severer  penaltii 


takes.  Military  operations  were  at 
that  time  fait  1 1  lull  y  rcpoi  ted.  a  ml  all 
attempts  at  extenuation  or  amplifi- 
cation strictly  prohibited. 

At  present  the  Pe  I  in  Kian  arc 


1m  future  therefore  a  strict  enqui- 
ry will  be  made  into  the  military 
operations  of  c.icli  department,  and 

if  the  most  trifling  circumstance  in 
their  reports  is  found  i«>  be  la! 


merely  ;i  turbulent  portion  of  our  |  misrepresented,  if  they  follow  the 
own  people,  the  facility  of  restoring  \  steps  of  their  predecessors,  tlu-ir  of- 
order  among  whom,  compared  with  \  femes  will  be  referred  to  theexami- 


Ihe  difficult  v  of  SUbduing  the  three 
foreign  tribes,  are  as  wide  asunder 
us  heaven  and  earth. 

Had  we  at  the  head  of  our  troops 
generals  equal  to  Tu  Hay  and 
Chang    Yungy   the  present  contest 


nation  oftherrfbnnal  of  arms,  whoae 
sentence  pronounced  against  tbesu 
w  ill  be  presented  for  <>ur  approba- 
tion. .And  though  there  may  be  of- 
fences which  the  tribunal  is  not 
competent  to  investigate,  yet  as  the 


Would  not   long  remain  undecided,     events  of  a   campaign  cannot  easily 


Five  years  are  now  elapsed  siiicc 
our  troops  have  been  employed  on 
this  service,  and  they  have  not  yet 
been  able  to  accomplish  the  object 
of  their  enterprise. 


be  concealed  from  the  eyes  and 

of  individuals,  the  generals  may  rest 

assured,  that  we  shall  proceed  with 

equal  rigOUK  against  them   wlh-u  we 

become  acquainted  with  their  mis- 


Were  the  present  leaders  of  our  i!  conduct  by  private  hands. 


armies  scut  against  the  three  foreign 
tribes,  how  would  they  be  able  to 
complete  the  conquest  by  a  given 
day  ?  They  indeed  make  a  great 
shew  and  ostentation  of  their  strength 
and  activity,    in  all  of  which  they: 


These  general  orders  are  more 
particularly  addressed  to  the  gene- 
ral officers  commanding  our  ai 
in  Shen  ry,  Kg*  too,  ami  lloo 
Quango  as  well  as  to  the  riceroys 
■  'ud  toojj  uens  of  the  said  piovj; 


138 


ACCOUNT  OF  A  LEARNED  SPANIEL. 
(Continued  from  page  93.) 


The  spaniel  replied,  that  she  had 
seven  :  that  the  first  purchaser  took 


he  moved  round  the  circle  as  soon 
as  any  question  was  proposed  ;  and 


four;  that  is  to  say,  three  and  a  half    that  levers,  concealed  under  the  car- 


plus  one  half,  without  killing  any  : 
that  the  second  had  taken  two  ;  that 
is  to  say,  one  and  a  htdfplus  a  half : 
and  in  the  last  place,  that  the  third 
had  taken  one;  that  is  to  say,  one- 
half  plus  a  half.  It  now  remains 
for  us  to  explain  how  the  animal, 
without  any  visible  sign  being  made 
to  him,  could  return  answers  to  the 
questions  proposed  to  him.  The 
reader  must  know,  that  the  letters 
and  figures  were  placed  on  so  many 
pieces  of  card,  arranged  in  a  circu- 
lar manner  round  the  animal;  that  [j 


pet  on  which  he  walked,  and  which 
were  made  to  move  under  his  feet 
by  means  of  ropes,  indicated  to  him 
the  exact  moment  when  he  ought  to 
stop,  to  place  his  foot  on  the  nearest 
card.  He  was  so  well  habituated  to 
hit  the  card  next  to  him  when  he 
felt  the  levers  move,  and  to  give  an 
affirmative  or  negative  answer  by 
the  motion  of  his  head,  according 
as  his  master  or  any  confederate  al- 
tered the  tone  of  his  voice,  that  he 
never  once  erred. 


TO  THE  EDITOR  OF  THE  REPOSITORY,  &c. 


Sin, 

I  have  frequently  revolved  in 
Bay  mind  the  custom  of  drinking 
healths,  and  endeavoured  to  trace 
its  origin.  To  judge  of  the  causes 
of  its  first  institution,  we  should 
consider  the  dispositions  of  the  in- 
stitutors  of  this  fashion  ;  but  as  these 
seem  to  be  hidden  in  the  labyrinth 
of  antiquity,  we  are  reduced,  in  our 
enquiry,  to  the  consideration  of  its 
present  use,  or,  rather,  abuse.  It 
is  certain  that  the  ancient  Romans 
introduced  this  custom  in  their  fes- 
tivals; and  that,  in  honour  of  Au- 
gustus, the  senate  ordered  his  health 
to  be  drunk  at  all  great  repasts  :  but 
a  ridiculous  fashion,  though  sane- 


does  not  alter  its  nature,  or  render 
it  more  rational. 

Some  modern  writers  arc  of  opi- 
nion, that  it  was  introduced  into 
England  by  the  Danes,  on  their  first 
invasion  here,  as  a  pledge  of  their 
sincerity  ;  but  it  is  assuredly  of 
more  remote  origin. 

Ii\  through  the  medium  of  your 
instructive  and  entertaining  Jiepo- 
silory  of  ArlS)  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents can  throw  any  further 
light  on  this  subject,  it  would  oblige 
many  of  your  readers  by  communi- 
cating them  ;  and  in  particular, 
Sir, 

Your's,  &c 
King-street,  P.  L. 


tioned  by  ancient  Roman  examples,  |]  January  1CW/,  1S09. 


I    ,M 


ACCOl  NT  OF  THE  MERINO  SHEEP,   AND  OF  THEIR 
TREATMENT  in  SPAIN. 

Tin:   following  observation!   <">  '      Thewo 

flu-  management  of  Merino    beep,  signifies  ■  pro* 

the  breeding  of  which  has,  within  vincc,  and  likewise  him 

those  few   pears,  occupied  the  at-  thei  ire  of  the  p 

tent  ion  of  the  must   distinguished  general.     The  Merino 

agriculturists  in  the  British  empire,  ways  a  person  ot  rank,  and  appoint* 

were  originally  written  in  Spanish,  ed  by  the  kin    i  th<   Duke  of  ! 

by  an  English  gentleman  many  years  tado  ii  the  prei  nt  Merino  rru 

resident  in  Spain,  for  bisownpri-  The  mayon   bavi 

rate  use.    Having  recently  returned  diction  over  the  il 


to  his  native  country,  he  translated 
them,  in  compliance  with  the  wishes 
of  some  of  his  friends,  and  they  .in- 
here presented  i<>  the  public  in  his 
own  language.  The  value  of  such 
a  communication,  derived  from  so 
authentic  a  source,  will  be  duly  ap- 
preciated by  every  practical  farmer. 
There  are  two  soils  of  sheep  in 

Spain  :    some  have  COarse  wool,  and 

are  never  removed  out  of  the  pro- 
vince to  which  they  belong  ;  the 
others,  after  spending  the  summer 
in  the  northern  mountains,   descend 

in  winter  to  the  milder  regions  of 
Estremadura  and  Andalusia,  and 
arc  distributed  into  districts  therein. 
These  arc  the  Merino  sheep,  of 
which  there  arc  computed  to  !>.■ 
about  tour  or  five  millions,  as  stated 
underneath  : 

Tin  Dukt  of  [nfantado's  flocks  con- 
tain tbout 40,000 

Tlir  Countess  del  C  anion  de  .Mouse 
Negretti 

Tlie  Paular  Coin  cut 

The  l'.MMiiial  Com.  nl 10,000 

Tin- (  ouvt  lit  of  Gnndalope  ...  30,000 

The  Marqui>  '.'<  1  ales 

The  Duke  of  B.  jar 30,000 

Ton  (lock*,  containing  aboul  20^DOO 
each,  belonging  to  Bundrj  persoua  200,000 

All   the  other  thu'ks  in   the   kingdOBB 

taken  eolkemcly,  uhout  .         3£00,«*Q 


dura,   which    is  called   the     1/'   ta  ; 

and  there  the  !>. i 1 1 ^  i^  the  Me 
mayor.     Each  (lock  generally  i 
of  10,000 sheep,  \\  iili  a  ra   . 
or  head  shepherd,  who  must  be  an 
active  man,  well  versed  in  the  na- 
turc  of  pasture,  as  well  as  in  the  dis- 
eases incident  to  his  flock.      I  mh-r 
this  person  there  are  50  inferior  shep- 
herds, w  ilh  60  dogs  -,    five  of  each  to 
u  tribe.     The  principal  shepherd 
receives  about  767.   English  money 
tor   his   annual   wages,     and    has   ■ 
fresh  horse  everj  year:   the  inferior 
ser\  ants  are  paidsmallannualw 
|  with  an  allowance  of  two  pounds  <«t 
good  bread  per  day  for  each  dog. 

The.  places  where  these  sheep  1 1 

be  seen  in  the  great  st  numbers,  arc 
in   the  Montana  and   in  the  Molina 
de  Arrogan,  in  the  summer:   and  in 
the  province  o\  Estremadura  in  the 
winter.      The  Molina  is  to  tin- 
am!  the  Montana  to  the  north  oi 
tremadura,  the  moat  elevated  p  irt  of 
Spain.    Estremadura  abounds  with 
aromatic  plains,  but  the  Montana 
is  entirely  without  them.     The 
care  of  the   shepherd  in  coming  to 
the  spot  where  the  Bheeparc  to  i\ 
the  summer,    is  to  give  the  ew 
much  salt  as  they  will  cat  :   for  this 
i  purpose  they  are  provided  a 


No.  111.   Vol  I. 


140 


accoi  NT  or  THE  Mr.niNO  siiF.rr. 


quintals  of  salt  (a  Spanish  quintal 
contains    110  pounds  weight  Spa- 
nish, 104  Spanish  pounds  are  equal 
to  i!l2  English)  for  every  thousand 
sheep,  which  is  all  consumed  in  less 
than  five  months  ;   but  they  do  not 
eat  any  sail  whilst  on  their  journey, 
or  during  the  winter.    The  method 
of  eivins  the  salt  to  them  is  as  fol- 
lows  :  the  shepherd  places  fifty  or 
sixty  flat  stones,    about  five  steps 
distant  from  each  other  ;   he  strews 
some  salt  on  each  stone,  then  leads 
his  flock  slowly  by  them,  and  every 
sheep  cats  at  pleasure  :  this  practice 
i>   frequently   repeated,    observing 
not  to  let  them  \'v^\:  on  those  day-,, 
on  any  spot  where  there  is  lime- 
stone.    When  they  hare  eaten  up 
all  the  salt,  then   they   are  led   to 
some    argillaceous    spots,     where, 
from  the  craving  they  haveacquired 
by  eating  the  salt,  they  devour  every 
thinsrthev  meet  with,  and  return  to 
the  salt  with  redoubled  ardour.     At 
the  end  of  July,  each  shepherd  dis- 
tributes the  lambs  amongst  the  ewes, 
five    or    six    rams    being    sufficient 
for  one  hundred  ewes:  these  rams 
arc  taken  from  the  flocks  and  kepi 
apart,  and  after  a   proper  time  are 
ui^ain  separated  from  the  ewes.   The 
jams  give  a  greater  quantity  of  wool, 
though  not  so  fine  as  the  ewes  ;  for 
the  fleeces  of  the   rams  will  weigh 
25    pounds,    and    it    requires    five 
fleeces  of  the  ewes  to  produce  the 
same.     The  disproportion  of  their 
a«-e  is  known  by  their  teeth  ;  those 
vf  the  rams  not  falling  before  their 
eighth  year,  whilst  the  ewes,  from 
delicacy  of  frame,  or  other  causes, 
lose   their  teeth    after    five    years. 
About  the  middle  of  September  they 
are  marked,  which  is  done  by  rub- 
bing their   loins  with  ochre  (these 
earths  are  of  various  colours,  such 


as  red,  yellow,  blue,  green,  and 
black).  Jt  is  said  that  the  earth 
incorporates  with  the  grease  of  the 
wool,  and  forms  a  kind  of  varnish, 
which  protects  the  sheep  from  the 
inclemency  of  the  weather  :  others 
pretend  that  the  pressure  of  the 
ochre  keeps  the  wool  short,  and  pre- 
vents its  being  of  an  ordinary  qua- 
lily  :  others  again  imagine  that  the 
ochre  acts  as  an  absorbent,  and  sucks 
up  the  excess  of  transpiration,  which 
would  render  the  wool  ordinary  and 
short. 

Towards  the  end  of  September 
these    Merino    flocks    begin    their 
march   to  a  warmer  climate  ;    the 
whole  of  their  route  has  been  regu- 
lated   by   laws   and   customs   from 
time  immemorial  :  they  have  a  free 
passage  through  pastures  and  com- 
mons belonging  to  villages  ;  but  as 
they  must  go  over  such  cultivated 
lands  as  lie  in  their  way,  the  inha- 
bitants  are  obliged   to  leave  them 
an     opening    ninety     paces    wide,. 
through  which    these   flocks   must 
pass  rapidly,  going  sometimes  six 
or  seven  Leagues  a  day,  in  order  to 
reach  open  and  less    inconvenient 
places,  where   they  may  find  good 
pasture,  and  enjoy  some  repose.    In 
such  open   places   they  seldom  ex* 
j  ceetl  two  leagues  a  day,  following 
;  the  shepherd,  and  grazing  as  they 
!  go   along.      Their   whole  journey, 
\  from  the   Montana  to   the  interior 
;  parts  of  Estremadura,  may  be  about 
155  leagues,  which  they  perform  in 
about   forty    days,    being  equal  to 
eleven  or  twelve  English  miles  per 
day. 

The  first  care  of  the  shepherd  is 
to  lead  them  to  the  same  pasture  in 
which  they  have  lived  the  winter 
before,  and  in  which  the  greatest 
part  of  them  were  brought  forth  : 


A(  (  Ot    N   I    01      MM      M  i    'M  NO    Mil   I    P 


141 


tins  is  no  difficult  task     foi  if  thcj 

were    ik»(     (o    Conduct    ihem.      Ifn\ 

would  disco\ (»i  the  b rounds  exai  l  • 
\y,  by  the  sensibility  of  their  olfac- 
tory organs,  to  be  different  from 
the  contiguous  plai  >■  ;  or,  were  the 
shepherds  so  inclined,  t  in  v    would 

find  it  in)  easy  mailer  to  make  lli<  111 

£o  farther. 

Tin'  next  but  ine  is  to  order  and 
regulate  the  folds,  which  are  made 
by  fixing  stakes,  fastened  with  ropes 
one  to  the  other,  i<>  prevent  their 
escape  ami  being  devoured  by  the 
wolves,  for  which  also  the  dogs  are 
stationed  without  ^  guards.  The 
shepherds  build  themselves  huts 
willi  stakes  and  boughs  ;  for  the 
raising  of  which  huts,  as  well  as  to 
supply  them  with  fuel,  thej  are  al- 
lowed to  lop  <>r  cut  offa  branch  from 
every  tree  that  grows  convenient  to 
them:  this  law  in  their  favour,  is 
the  real  cause  of  so  inau\  trees  being 
rotten  and  hollow  in  the  places  fre- 
quented by  these  Hocks  of  sheep. 

A  little  before  the  ewes  arrive 
at  their  winter  quarters,  is  the  time 
of  their  yeaning  or  bringing  forth 
jheir  young,  when  the  shepherd 
must    be    particularly     careful    of 

them.  The  barren  ewes  are  sepa- 
rated from  breeders,  ami  placed  in 
a  less  advantageous  spot,  reserving 
(he  best  pasture  for  the  most  fruit- 
ful, removing  them  in  proportion  to 
their  forwardness ;  the  last  lambs  are 
put  into  the  richest  pasture,  that 
they  may  improve  the  sooner,  and 
acquire  sufficieul  strength  to  per* 
form  their  journey  along  with  the 
early  lambs. 

In  March,  th.-  shepherds  have 
four  different  operations  to  perform 
with  the  lambs  that  were  yeaned  in 
the  winter  :  the  lirst  is.  to  cut  off 
their  tails,  live  fingers  breadth  be- 


ll low  the  romp,  for  <  leanlii 
id  i  .  to  mai  k  them  on  th 
w  illi  d  hot  iron  i   .the  third   is,    to 
saw  off  the  tip   "i  tbeii 
del  thai  thej  ma  \  not  hurt  on< 
thci  in  ili-ir  frolii  -  :  fourthly ,  and 
j  fi  nail j  ,  i  Irate  iw  b  lain 

I  are  doomed  foi  bell-wi  then  to  walk 
at  the  head  of  the  tribe  \  w  h i<  fi  op.  - 
ration  is  not  executed  bv   in<  i  ion, 
but  mirelv   by  squeezing  the 
linn  until  the  spei matic  rcsa  ;1*  are 

I  w  istcd   and  de(  a\  ed. 

In  April,  the  time  comes  for  lln  :r 
return  to  the  Montana,  which  the 

flock  expresses  wild  ,, 

and  shewn  by  various  movement  I 
restlessness  j  for  which  reasons  the 

shepherds  must  be  scry  watchful, 
lest  they  make  their  escape,    whole 

Hocks  ha\  ing  sometimes  strayed  two 
or  three  leagues  whilst  the  shepherd 
was  asleep  ;  and  mi  these  occasions 
they  generally  lake  the  straightest 
road  back  to  the  place  from  whence 
they  came. 

On  the  1st  of  May  thej  begin  to. 
shear,  unless  the  weather  is   unfa- 
vourable  ;    for  the    fleeces    being 
usually  piled  one  above  the  other, 
would  ferment  in  case  of  dam] 
and   rot  ;    to   a\  oid    which    in 
the  sheep  are  kept  in  covered  pi  i 
in  order  to  shear  them  the  more 
veniently  :    for  this   purpose  they 
have  buildings  that  will  hold  vJ".      I 
sheep  at  one  and  the  same  time  ; 
w hicb  is  the  more  n  "cessarj .  as  the 
ewes  ares,.   \ery  delicate,  that   if, 
immediately   after    shearing,    they 
were  exposed  to  the   chilling   air  of 

the  night,  the\  would  mast  c  Ttainly 

perish. 

One  hundred  and  fifty  men  are 
employed  to  shear  Khmi  sheep  :  <  i 
man  is  computed  to  shear  eight  per 
da  v  :    but    it'   ram-,   on  I J     five  :    not 

*  T2 


I 


J-*2  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  MERINO  SHEEP. 

merely  on  account  of  their  bulk,  and 


the  greater  quantity  of  wool  on  them, 
but  from  their  extreme  fickleness 
of  temper  and  the  great  difficulty 
to  keep  them  quiet  ;  the  ram  being 
so  exasperated,  that  he  is  ready  to 
strangle  himself  when  he  finds  that 
he  is  tied  fast.  To  prevent  his  hurt- 
ing himself,  they  endeavour,  by  fair 
means  and  caresses,  to  keep  hint  in 
temper;  and  with  much  soothing, 
and  having  ewes  placed  near  him  so 
that  he  can  plainly  see  them,  they 
at  last  engage  him  to  stand  quiet, 
and  voluntarily  suffer  them  to  pro- 
ceed and  shear  him.  On  the  shear- 
ing day,  the  ewes  are  shut  up  in  a 
large  court,  and  from  thence  con- 
ducted into  a  sudatory,  which  is  a 
narrow  place  constructed  for  the 
purpose,  where  they  are  kept  as 
close  as  possible,  to  make  them  per- 
spire freely,  in  order  to  soften  their 
wool  and  make  it  yield  with  more 
case  to  the  shears.  This  manajre- 
ment  is  peculiarly  useful  with  re- 
spect to  the  ram,  whose  wool  is 
more  stubborn  and  more  difficult  to 
be  cut.  The  fleece  is  divided  into 
three  sorts  and  qualities  : 

The  back  and  belly  produce  su- 
perfine wool. 

The  neck  and  sides  produce  fine 
wool. 

Thebreasts,  shoulders,  and  thighs, 
produce  the  coarse  wool. 

The  sheep  are  then  brought  info 
another  place  and  marked  ;  those 
sheep  which  are  without  teeth  being 
destined  for  the  slaughter-house, 
and  the  healthy  sheep  are  led  out 
to  feed  and  graze,  if  the  weather 
permit  ;  if  not,  they  are  kept  within 
doors  until  they  are  gradually  ac- 
customed to  the  open  a-ir.  When 
they  are  permitted  to  graze  quietly, 
without  being  hurried  or  disturbed, 


(hey  select  and  prefer  the  finest 
grass,  never  touching  the  aromatic 
plants,  although  fhey  may  find 
them  in  great  plenty;  and  in  case 
the  wild  thyme  is  entangled  with 
the  grass,  they  separate  if  with  great 
dexterity,  moving  on  eagerly  to 
such  spots  as  they  find  to  be  without 
it.  When  the  shepherd  thinks  there 
is  a  likelihood  of  rain,  he  makes 
proper  signals  to  the  dogs  to  collect 
the  flock  and  lead  them  to  a  place 
of  shelter  ;  on  these  occasions  the 
sheep  (not  having  time  given  them 
fo  chuse  their  pasture)  pick  up 
every  herb  indiscriminately  :  were 
they,  in  feeding,  to  give  a  prefe- 
rence to  aromatic  plants,  it  would 
be  a  great  misfortune  to  the  owners 
of  beehives,  as  they  would  destroy 
the  food  of  the  bees,  and  occasion 
a  decrease  and  disappointment  in 
the  honey  and  in  the  crops.  The 
sheep  are  never  suffered  to  move 
out  of  their  folds  until  the  beams 
of  the  sun  have  exhaled  and  eva- 
porated the  night-dews  ;  nor  do 
the  shepherds  suffer  them  to  drink 
out  of  brooks,  or  out  of  standing 
waters,  wherein  hail  has  fallen,  ex- 
perience having  taught  them,  that 
on  such  occasions  they  are  in  dan- 
ger of  losing  them  all.  The  wool 
of  Andalusia  is  coarse,  because  the 
sheep  never  change  their  place,  as 
is  practised  by  the  Merino  flocks, 
whose  wool  would  likewise  dege- 
nerate if  they  were  always  kept  on 
the  same  spot ;  and  the  wool  of  An- 
dalusia would  improve  in  quality, 
were  their  sheep  accustomed  to  emi- 
grate as  the  Merino  sheep  do. 

Between  CO  and  70,000  bags  of 
washed  wool  are  exported  annually 
out  of  Spain. 

A  bag  generally  weighs  eight  Spa- 
nish anobas,  of  25  Spanish  pounds 


r.irnorr.AN   ma  wins   ami  h     roMS. 


W) 


enrh  arrobft,    which    are   equal    to 
vl  1  English  pounds. 

I  pwards  of  90,000  bags  of  Spa- 


uljr-rr  the  belt  RrooUefl  f  lofhs  made 

iii  Spoiii  are  all  irnmuractuned. 
The  crown  "i  Spain  an- 


nish  wool  are  sent  annually  to  Lon-  nually,    by  -ill    f 1 1 < -  duties,    whrm 

don  and  to  Bristol,  which  are  worth  added  together,  paid  on  wool  <\- 

:)')!  to  BO/,  each  bag  i  so  thai  Bng-  ported,  upwards  "t  sixty  mill] 

land   purchases  and   mannfactnrei  rentes  de  ;<//"//,  nhjch  are  equal  to 

into  goods,  about  one-half  the  quan-  000,000/.  iterling  (Engli  hmoi 
tity  of  this  produce  of  Spanish  wool,        -   rtemeut   of  Spaaiafa   nool   inl- 
and her  imports  in  general  arc  of    ported  into  London  and  into  lu      i 
thebest  and  of  the  finest  quality.      II  during  the  years  1804,  1806,  IS 

This  wool,  when  warehoused  in  isoT.  averaging  the  fear  from  S 

England,   is  worth   from  .'is.    per  tember  to  September  In  each   rc- 

pound  to  6V.  9<l.  per  pound,  ready  spectiveyear: 
money  ;   and  from  \bl.   to  551.  per  Imported  fete  Dagt. 

Jj;l(r<  London — fiom  Sep.  ISO* tfl 

The  wool  ofPaular,  which  is  the 
largest  fl<-<'<  es,  though  not  the 


,  Dristol  — fiom   —     1804  to    —     j 



1  Total  number  of  bags  imported  in  one 


year 


London — from  Sep.  lb  ►!  )'>,H\7 

Liiitol  — fioiu  —     i*u5  to    —    ) 


in  quality,  is  reserved  tor  tin-  royal 
manufactures  which  belong  to  the 

King  of  Spain. 

The  common  dresses,  as  well  as 

the  shooting  dresses  of  the  royal  fa-         year 

mily  of  Spain,  and  the  dresses   of;! 

.,      .  |        ,  ,  ..     .  London — fi<  :     -  0  luSt-p.  b07, 

their   attendants,    are  made  ot  the     .,  .     ,  '        _ 

1  Brutol  — trom  —     looo  to  —    ] 

cloth  of  Segovia,  which  is  an  an-  

Cient  populous    City  ill   Old  Castile,  i   Total  number  of  bags  imported  ,n  one 

r    r  J  year 3J.917 


HISTORICAL  FACTS  RELATH  E  TO  EI  ROPEAN  MANNERS 

AND  CUSTOMS. 


The  history  of  European  manners 
and  customs  is  so  rich  in  anecdote, 
and  so  fertile  in  contrasts  and  conse- 
quences, that  we  have  no  occasion 
to  visit  the  nations  of  Asia,  Africa, 
and  America,  and  to  examine  their 
customs,  in  order  to  find  abundant 
subjects  tor  entertainment  and  also 
for  rr^TJfWv.  In  ihe  mean  time. 
till  some  person,  who  is  conscious 
that  he  possesses  powers edequate  to 


ers  with  a  few  detached  fragments, 

which    seem     likely    to    prove    in- 
teresting. 

In  the  remotest  ages,  our  at 
tors   lived    upon    acorns    and    wild 

fruits.  Bread  was  an  invention  o( 
the  Greeks,  and  from  them  the  Ro- 
mans 1<-  irned  the  use  of  it.  Hand- 
mills  were  long  the  only  machines 
for  grinding  e<>rn  with  which  the 
Europeans  were  acquainted,  till, 
the  Herculean  task  of  writing  their  amongothei  inventionsandimprove- 
bistorv  from  their  earliest  origin,  ments  which  they  learned  ot  tin-  S  - 
shall  arise,  we  will  present  our  read-     nicens.  they  brought  back  on  their 


X 


Hi 


r.ritorr.AN   manners  and  customs. 


return  from  f lie  first  crusade,  the 
nrt  of  constructing  windmills.  For 
many  centuries  a  round  slice  of 
bread  >upplied  tlie  place  of  a  plate 
at  entertainments;  in  France  it  was 
called  pain  tram hoi r,  w  hence  origi- 
nates our  English  word  trencher. 
After  meals,  these  bread-plates  were 
distributed  among  the  poor.  As  ear- 
ly as  the  time  of  Pliny  the  natural- 
ist, the  Gauls  made  use  of  yeast  to 
raise  their  bread  ;  but  in  the  seven- 
teenth century,  the  medical  faculty 
condemned  this  practice  as  poison- 
ous, and  an  open  war  between  the 
physicians  and  the  bilkers  ensued. 
On  this  subject  opinions  are  still  di- 
vided. The  most  inveterate  adver- 
sary of  bread  in  modern  times  was 
Linguef,  but  among  its  defenders 
we  find  Tissot. 

Brocoli  was  not  only  held  in  high 
estimation,  but  even  worshipped  by 
the  Egyptians.  The  Romans  in- 
troduced it  into  Europe.  The  peach 
was  sent  us  by  Persia  ;  transplanted 
into  our  climate,  it  is  considered  a 
delicacy,  but  in  its  native  country  it 
is  reckoned  a  poison,  on  account  of 
its  coldness.  The  plumb  was  im- 
ported by  the  crusaders  from  Syria. 
In  several  parts  of  Europe,  a  kind  of 
plumb  is  still  denominated  Heine 
Claude,  after  the  queen  of  Francis  I. 
of  France,  as  another  species  goes 
by  the  name  of  Monsieur,  because 
the  brother  of  Louis  XIV.  was  ex- 
tremely fond  of  it. 

Salt  pork  was  formerly  a  dainty 
for  the  rich.  Rabbets,  a  fashionable 
dish,  multiplied  in  Spayi  to  such 
a  degree,  that,  according  to  report, 
they  so  undermined  the  walls  and 
houses  of  Tarragona  that  a  great 
part  of  them  fell  down.  » 

The  Gauls  were  accustomed  to 
rbi\c  large  flocks  of  geese  across  the 


|  Alps,  by  short  stages,  to  Rome.  In- 
stead of  these  we  meet  in  modern 
times  in  France  with  numerous  flocks 
of  turkies,  with  which  their  owners 
travel  from  province  to  province. 

At  the  time  of  the  Troubadours, 
whales  and  dolphins  were  caught  in 
the  Mediterranean  sea,  and  their 
flesh  was  used  for  food. 

Oysters  were  considered  a  delica- 
cy by  the  Romans,  and  Ausonius 
even  sung  their  praises  ;  but  after 
the  time  of  that  poet,  they  all  at 
once  lost  their  character,  and  conti- 
nued unnoticed  till  the  seventeenth 
century,  when  they  again  came  in 
vogue. 

The  permission  to  eat  eggs  in 
Lent,  was  obtained  of  the  Catholic 
clergy  with  greater  difficulty  than 
the  permission  to  use  milk,  butter, 
and  cheese.  From  this  rigid  ab- 
stinence from  eggs  originated  the 
practice  of  consecrating  on  Maun- 
dy-Thursday a  great  numberofeggs, 
which  people  distributed  after  Eas- 
ter among  their  friends.  Fifty  years 
ago  it  was  customary  at  Versailles, 
to  pile  up  in  the  king's  cabinet  on 
Easter  Sunday  after  the  grand  mass, 
lofty  pyramids  of  such  eggs  paint- 
ed and  gilt,  which  his  majesty  pre- 
sented to  his  courtiers. 

Whoever  would  wish  to  possess 
a  list  of  the  different  kinds  of  French 
cheese,  may  find  it  in  a  place  where 
he  would  not  expect  to  meet  with  it, 
namely,  in  a  note  to  the  French 
translation  of  Martial's  Epigrams, 
The  translator,  the  celebrated  Abbe 
Marolles,  has  introduced  it  on  occa- 
sion of  a  single  verse  in  which  his 
author  alludes  to  that  subject.  Par- 
mesan first  appeared  in  France  dur- 
ing the  reign  of  Charles  VIII.;  that 
prince,  in  passing  through  Placenza, 
on  his  expedition  against  Naples, 


II   ROPE  IN    MAffNCI        LMO   < 


U 


WAS   prCB6n<Ctl   0)    ill"  mi  i:'  ish;il(  s  i*| 

the  city  u  nli  i  the  prodigious 

size  of  w  hich  astonished  him.  He 
sent  them  .is  curiosities  («>  the  Queen 
mid  the  Duke  <>f  Bourbon  i  tbej 
tasted  iIh  in,  thought  them  excellent, 
ami  iIk  i?  reputation  was  established. 

Among  their  sallads,  our  forefa- 
thers reckoned  a  dish  of  the  feet, 
livo  >,   heads,  &c.  of  birds,  boiled 
and  prepared  with  parsley,  rini 
pepper,  and  cinnamon. 

The  word  fori,  derived  from  the 
French  fotfrce,  originally  signified 
a  common  round  loaf;  but  was  af- 
terwards applied  lo  t  he  liner  sorts  of 
pastrj. 

Among  ili»-  cold  pasties,  those  in 
the  highest  repute  are  the  ham-pas- 
ties of  Versailles ;  the  duck-pasties 
of  Amiens  (the  crust  of  which,  I 
ever,  is  not  verj  good);  tin*  lark  - 
pasties  of  Pithiviers;  the  goose-li- 
ver pasties  of  Toulouse  and  Stras- 
burg;  the  pullet-pasties  of  Ant- 
werp; the  tunny-pasties  of  Pro- 
vence :  the  salmon-pasties  of  Ah 
In  the  medical  faculty  at  Paris,  it 
prat  formerly  customary  tor  the  li- 
centiate, on  receiving  his  doctor's 
degree,  to  give  the  doctors  and  pro- 
fessors, after  the  last  thesis,  a  break- 
fust,  the  principal  part  ofwhich  con- 
sisted of  pasties  made  of  minced  beef 
and  raisins.  The  celebrated  Chan- 
cellor de  l'Hopital  prohibited  the 
crying  of  these  little  pasties  in  the 
Streets  of  Paris,  where  incredible 
numbers  of  them  were  consumed  as 
a  luxury  ;  the  faculty  followed  the 
example,  and  a  sum  of  money  was 
given  instead  of  the  breakfast.  The 
thesis,  however,  retained  the  former 
name,  and  continued  till  the  revo- 
lution to  be  denominatedpaffil/oria. 

The  use  of  the  cakes  called  puffs 
is  of  sacred  origin,  being    derived 


1 1  run  those  de  i  ined  foi 

crament.     In  they 

were  presented,   on  certain  d 

•In-  \.;ir,  tO  ll'  .        :    whene  r 

the)  I   (he  name  "i  << 

The  laity  likewise  determined  f<» 
have  them,  a  ted  tl        > 

debt  ii  \  :    nsjj  .   in  some  • 
they  even  became  a  tax,  w  hicfa  the 
lord  demanded  of  liis  rassafa  ;  . 
instance,    in  France,    where   it    tu 
termed  droit  (Toublirtgi  t.      In  P 
these  pulls  w.i  |   <   died  plat- 

tbr  ii'  ,    ami    were  carried 

about  th"  streets  for  s  de  by  women. 
lu  the  seventeenth  century  they 
sold  at  night  in  the  same  metropolis 

by  men,  who  bad   upon  the  lid  <>t 

their  ba>kels  a  kind  tit  a  di  d-plate, 

with  a  movable  index,  which  beinrr 
turned  round  by  au\  person,  pointed 
when  ii  stood  still  to  the  mini' 
pulls  which  he  had  gained.  This 
became  by  degrees  a  verj  common 
game  ;  people  laid  considerable 
gers  with  each  other  respecting  the 

number  of  pull's  which  they  should 
win,  and  were  continually  calling 
the  puff-sellers  with  (heir  baskets  t  » 
decide  them.  \\\\\  Cartouche's  irnnir 
having  murdi  i  men, 

and  disguised  themselves  in  their 
clothes  in  oreler  lo  commit  depreda- 
tions, the  police  prohibited  th 
of  these  puna  at  night,  under  se 
penalties;  and    from  tint  time  th.' 
number  of  the  dealers  in  them 
dually  diminished. 

In  countries   fertile   in  wine,  that 
liquor  was  formerly    put 
into    casks,    but    also    . 
carefully  construe  :in  , 

from   which  I 

-  filled  the  canter 
that  they  carried  with  the; 
ed  t  immel  of  I  le. 

Bonbons  were  i: 


116 


EUROPEAN    MANNERS    AND    CUSTOMS. 


France  an  alloAvcd  medium  of  brib- 
ing judges  and  people  of  rank,  of 
whom  a  favour  was  solicited.  This 
practice  was  carried  so  far,  that 
Louis  IX.  by  a  decree,  forbade 
judges  to  take  more  than  ten  sous 
worth  of  bonbons  in  a  week  ;  and 
Philip  the  Fair  limited  the  quanti- 
ty to  as  much  as  they  could  use  in 
their  housekeeping  in  a  day.  Soon 
afterwards  these  sweetmeats  Avere 
converted  into  money,  and  a  M.  dc 
Tournony  instead  of  ten  boxes  of 
bonbons,  paid  ten  gold   francs. 

As  early  as  the  twelfth  and  thir- 
teenth centuries,  good  manners  re- 
quired that  guests  should  be  seated 
in  pairs  of  different  sexes,  and  that 
a  dish  should  be  brought  for  each 
pair.  At  home  the  whole  family 
made  use  of  one  single  bowl  or  gob- 
let ;  and  St.  Berland  was  disinhe- 
rited by  her  father,  because,  upon 
the  pretext  that  he  had  the  leprosy, 
she  wiped  his  bowl  before  she  drank 
out  of  it. 

Among  the  Romans,  the  drinking 
of  healths  at  table  was  a  religious 
custom.  It  formerly  prevailed  very 
generally  in  Europe  ;  but  the  prac- 
tice of  drinking  to  the  health  of  the 
company  has  for  some  years  been 
relinquished  on  the  Continent.  About 
thirty  years  ago,  when  it  was  still 
common  in  Germany,  people  drank 
not  only  to  the  persons  present,  but 
likewise  to  all  their  worthy  families, 
their  uncles,  aunts,  cousins,  &c.  and 
even  to  their  deceased  relatives,  so 
that  a  stranger  was  almost  obliged 
to  make  himself  pre  viously  acquaint- 
ed with  the  whole  genealogy  of 
those  with  whom  he. was  to  dine. 
In  the  works  of  Pasquier  we  find  an 
afFecting  anecdote  of  the  unfortunate 
Mary,  Queenof  Scots,  who  perished 
upon  the  scaffold.      The  evening 


before  her  death,  she  drank,  after 
supper,  to  all  her  attendants,  and 
commanded  them  to  pledge  her  in 
return.  They  obeyed  and  drank  to 
the  health  of  their  mistress,  at  the 
same  time  weeping  bitterly,  so  that 
their  tears  trickled  into  the  wine. 

The  nations  of  antiquity  thought 
it  necessary  to  introduce  dramatic 
and  other  exhibitions  by  way  of 
diversion,  during  repasts.  The 
Romans  and  Greeks  amused  their 
guests  with  pantomimes,  and  often 
with  the  bloody  combats  of  gladia- 
tors and  wrestlers.  The  Christian 
princes  of  the  early  ages  were  like- 
wise fond  of  pantomimic  dances  at 
table ;  in  the  interludes  the  minstrels 
and  troubadours,  with  their  harps 
and  songs, acted  a  conspicuous  part. 
In  the  refectories  of  the  monks,  or  at 
!  the  fables  of  pious  prelates,  edify- 
ing books  or  learned  works  were 
read :  singing  was  likewise  com- 
mon ;  and  the  first  organ  that  France 
possessed,  was  intended  for  the  ta- 
ble music  of  Charlemagne.  But  the 
most  remarkable  of  the  amusements 
with  which  the  guests  of  the  great 
were  entertained  and  surprised, 
were  the  different  kinds  of  specta- 
cles to  which  the  French  gave  the; 
name  of  cnlremels  :  these  consisted 
either  of  the  combats  of  knights,  the 
mechanical  tricks  of  automata,  or 
of  theatrical  or  pantomimical  repre- 
sentations of  celebrated  events  and 
achievements.  At  an  entertainment 
given  to  the  ladies  by  Charles  VI. 
of  France,  two  knights,  Rnjnaud 
de  Jloj/c  and  Jlcssire  Boucicaut 
rode,  during  the  repast,  round  the 
hall,  and  broke  a  lance  with  each 
other.  Having  finished  their  com- 
bat, they  were  followed  by  several 
other  knights,  who  did  the  same. 
At  a  banquet  given  by  Charles  V. 


EUROPEAN     MANNER*     AND   CUi  rOMS. 


\\1 


in  [978,  I  lie  departure  of  Godfrey 
dc  Bevi/lon  fot  th<-  Holj  Land,  and 
the  lacing  <>i  Jerusalem)  were  n  - 
presented  during  the  entertainment. 
.\i  die  feast  giveri  bj  ChorloB  V  I. 
on  the  ari Lyal  "I  liif  consort,  I 
of  Bavaria,  the  Biege  ofTroj  m 
hibited.  A  prodigious  fortress  was 
seen,  with  four  towers  <»n  iIk'  -  desj 
and  a  fifth  in  the  middle.  The  coats 
oferaas  and  shields  affixed  to  the 
Avi»  1 K  shewed  that  tins  fortress  was 
the  tif.v  «»i  Troj  ,  and  ili.it  the  tower 
in  tin-  eentet  «;i>  the  cil  idol  of  Ili- 
nm.  Nfci  tai  from  if  was  •  rcoived 
n  spacious  tent)  die  anna  pf  which 
denoted  the  Greek  besiegers,  Be- 
side this  tent  was  a  ship  capable  of 

containingat  least  one  hundred  war- 
riors. Both  the  fortress,  the  ieni, 
and  the  sli i p  were  moved  by  a  heels, 
bud  the  springs  and  the  persons  who 
directed  them,  were  concealed.  A 
violent  conflict  took  place  between 

the  (I'reeiaii  heroes  in  the  tent  and 
.ship,  and  Hie  Trojans  ill  the  fortress  : 
hut  it  was  not  tfsatlg  duration  :  for 
the  crowd  and  the  heat  occasioned 
by  it  were  so  irreat,  that  several  per- 
sons were  suffocated,  and  still  more 
crushed  and  otherwise  hurt. 

The  Burgundian court  manifested 
a  decided  preference  for  the  exhi- 
bitions of  automata  and  the  repre- 
sentations of  'animals.  At  the  enter* 
tainment  given  on  occasion  of  the 
nuptials  of  Charles  the  Hold ,  with 
tfee  Eaglidi  Princess  Margaret, 
three  < >i tret n't s  made  their  appear*' 

ante.  A  irreat  unicorn  first  eaten  d, 
>\  ;th  a  leopard  on  his  hack.  In  one 
paw  the  leopard  held  the  amis  of 
England,  and  in  the  other  a  daisy 
(  mBrgmriie  I,  in  allusion  tothename 
of  flic  princess.  Having  paraded 
round  all  the  tables,  the  unicorn  at 
length  stood  still  opposite  to  lite 
Ac.  111.  Vol  1. 


duke,  and  a  maitrt  ii'/i<'>t<f,  lakinq 

the  dais>  from  tin-  Imp  ml,  pn  ■  ■;.'- 
ed   i!   with     i    <omplniM'!i!ary  spcedl 

to  thai   pi  in<  <•.     The  uni 
followed  bj  .i  huge  gilded  \\*>< 
whose  back   i < ». !« ■  the   I 
oft  he  Princes*  oi  Burgnndj  ,rvpera* 
K  dressed   as  a   shepl  ^  1 1  h. 

tin.-  arm-  of  Burgund}  .    < '"  •»' 
trance  into  ih<-  hall,  m  e  lion  op      ' 

and  shut    his   month,  a-  though  he 

had  been  alive  This  representative 
of  brute  majesty  did  more  than  the 
living  original  could  have  done; 
he  sung  a  complimentary  air  to  the 
ducal  bride.  The  Uan  wen  su<  i 

ed  In  a  dromedary,  with  a  rider  in 
tin-  divss  and  armour  of  a  Sarac  n. 
Afl  In-  roae  round  the  hall,  tin-  Sara- 
cen took  out  of  a  basket  all  sort.-,  of 
foreign  birds,  which  he  distribui  <1 
about  him,  and  e\  en  thnw  upon  the 
table.  At  supper,  on  die  third  day 
of  these  nuptial  festii  ities,  appeared 
five  u;l,tiin'l<.  four  Mild  boars 
blew  trumpets;  and  lour  goats  ev- 
ented a  concert  on  as  many  difi'ereut, 
instrument^.  lour  wolves  exhibit- 
ed a  specimen  of  tboir  skill  on  the 
flute  :  and  lour  Bates  rang  a  rondeau 
which  ma\  be  found  in  Olivier  dt 
In  Marchc.  Lastly,  four  monkies 
played  a  mischievous  trick  to  a 
i  tacksman  w  ho  was  asleep,  and  then 
shewed  theit  agility  in  dancing. 

All    these     d/lrcm/ls,    however, 
were  eclipsed  by  those  exhibited,  at 
the   entertainment  of  the    first 
i>n  which  the  liasiard  i^{  Burgundy 
opened    his   tournament    as    knight 
of  tin-  golden  tree.  Or  this  eccas 
two  prodigious  giants  first  entered, 
superbly    habited     and    accoutred. 
They   were   followed    by  a   whale, 
which,  as  Qtizier  dc  In  Marc/ 
sores  us,  was  the  largest  ru-r  exli> 
bijlcd  by  way  of  rftfranWfr.     This 
U 


H8 


LETTERS    FROM    ITALY. 


sta-monsleruas  sixty  feet  in  length, 
and  so  high,  that  two  knights  riding  \ 
one  on  cither  side  upon  the  tallest 
horses,  could  not  have  seen  each 
other.  The  eyes  of  the  whale  were 
formed  by  two  of  the  largest  look- 
ing-glasses that  could  be  procured. 
He  moved  his  fins,  his  tail,  and  the 
rest  of  his  body  as  if  he  had  been 
alive.  After  he  had  made  the  cir- 
cuit of  the  hall,  the  whale  opened 
his  enormous  jaws,  and  disgorged 
two  Syrens  and  twelve  Tritons.  The 
Syrens  began  to  sing,  but  were  soon 
interrupted  by  the  sound  of  a  drum 
which  was    heard    in    the  whale's 


belly.  When  it  had  ceased  the  Tri* 
tons  struck  up  a  dance  with  the  Sy- 
ren*,. The  Tritons  soon  became 
jealous  of  each  other,  and  commenc- 
ed a  furious  eambat,  which  was  ter- 
minated by  the  two  giants,  who 
drove  back  the  Tritons  and  Syrens 
into  the  belly  of  the  whale.  "  It  was 
certainly  a  most  beautiful  erttte* 
w?(V,"  observes  the  historian,  "  for 
there  were  more  than  forty  persons 
concealed  in  the  body  of  this  marine 
monster.0 

Entremets  fell  into  disuse  about 
the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
(To  be  continued.) 


LETTERS  FROM  ITALY. 

LETTER    It. 


Naples,  April — ,   isoa.      f 

Do  not    envy  my   lot,  dear  T. 
when  I  tell  you,  that  an  hour  ago  I 
visited   the  antique  mausoleum  of, 
the  divine  Maro.     I  had  purposely  ' 
denied  myself  this  exquisite  plea- 
sure until  the  season  should  be  more 
advanced,    and  the  weather  more  1 
improved.     When  we  wait   on   a  i 
great  man,  we  are  desirous  to  ap-  j 
pear  in  our  best  attire;  ought  not 
then  nature  to  be  clad  in  her  most 
brilliant  garb,  for  me  to  approach 
the  tomb  of  her  poet  ?    A  heavenly 
morning  had  cheered  my  spirits  in- 
to the  most  pleasing  harmony,  wben 
I    resolved,    without    waiting    for 
breakfast,   to  enter  on  this  clastic 
pilgrimage. —  "  Your  Excellency 
is  early  this  morning,"  exclaimed 
Signor  Don  Giuseppe  on  entering 
the  room ;  aud  when  I  acquainted 
him  with  the  cause,  he-  added,  in 
perfect   astonishment :   "  You  will 
miss  your  breakfast,  Sir,  by  the  time 
.you  get  there  ;  and  what  is  more, 
you  will  never  ikd  it  unless  I  go 


with  you." — Giving  him  to  under* 
stand,  that  this  was  my  business,  I 
left,  him  muttering  some  observa- 
tions on  the  singular  whims  dei  Sig- 
nori  Ingles?,  and  hastened  down 
the  Infrescata  and  the  street  of  To- 
ledo towards  the  sea-beach.  On 
the  way,  I  called  at  my  physician's, 
whom  I  found  very  busy  in  the 
preparation  of  his  breakfast.  u  You 
are  just  in  time  to  taste  a  dish  of 
coffee,  such  as  you  will  probably  not 
meet  with  any  where  else  in  this 
city."  Notwithstanding  the  inter- 
dict which  this  guardian  of  my  con- 
stitution had,  on  his  first  visit,  pro- 
nounced against  that  favourite  be- 
verage of  mine,  such  was  the  aro- 
matic odour  attending  the  process, 
and  the  keenness  of  my  desire,  that 
I  felt  little  hesitation  in  infringing 
the  Law,  on  the  temptation  of  the  le- 
gislator. This  observation,  how- 
ever, I  kept  to  myself  till  I  had 
made  an  excellent  breakfast  on  the 
forbidden  fruit  -r  and  then  even  Dr. 
— saved  his  credit  by  assur* 


I.Li  l  l  lis    FROM  ITALV. 


119 


in^  mr,  thai  it  was  (In-  deleterious  ret  the  spot  were  fruitless;  I 

ingied  'iili  which  coffee   wis  compelled  to  call  one  of  them  to  mv 

universally  adulterated  at  the  houses  assistance.    He  immediately  led  nag 

in  iliis  city,  thai  had  induced  bin  up  b  pretty  iteep  <  met  nay,  lamed 

to  prohibit  it -.  use  to  me,   but  thai  into  a  private  garden,   and  bi   aa 

coffee  us  hit  could  never  hart  easyanddelightfulpath,  ushered  me 


institution.   How  ing  to  iliis  ex- 

ition,   I  once  more  ict  out  on 

my  journey,  and  walked  along  the 


into  the  awful  precini  t. 

"  Voui  ex4  eUesM  y  must  ana 
exclaimed  the  oflcaoiit  guide,  after. 


beautiful  shore  of  Chiaia  towards  mj  baring  cleared  lm  vociferating  or- 

destination,  till,  from  my  map,  I  con*  gam  for  action,     k*  I   know  ererf 

eluded  that  I  was  within  fifty  yards  of    thing." "  Then  I  am  silent  " 

the  spot.  Four  or  five  Ciceroni  in  rain  Indeed  tin-  beauty  of  this  solemn 

offered  their  serrices ;  I  was  deter-  retreat,  the  lovely  shade  of  the  over- 


mined  to  see  with  m\  owneyesalone. 


arching  trees,  tin-  soothing  stillness 


Whether  this  < -lass  of  men  derive    scarcely  interrupted  by  the  rustling 

their  generic  appellation  from  the  of  the  leaves  gently  fanned  bv  vernal 
eloquent  manner  will)  which  they  zephyrs,  or  disturbed  by  thr  plain- 
explain  the  antiquarian  curiosities,  I  tive  strains  of  the  poet  of  birds — 
or  from  the  innumerable  villas  need  no  commentator.  Ifethought 
which  their  fanciful  ignorance  I  heard  the  shade  of  the  bard  whis- 
nscribes  to  the  Roman  orator,  lam  [perhis"  Procwl90 !  proculcstr.prc 
at  a  loss  to  decide.  That  Cicero's  /am*/"  and,  obeying  the  warning, 
philosophy  was  not  of  so  austere  a  I  dismissed  the  guide  with  hi»  I 


Kind  as  io  induce  him  to  renounce 


Here   J   bow  to   tradition.     This 


the  sweets  of  this  world  and  the  im-  surely  was  a  favourite  retreat  of  the 

prorement  of  his  fortune,  we  learn  poet,  and  as  such  selected   by  liis 

from  his  own  confession  in  his  Of.  patron  .\  agastni  or  his  friend  Pollio, 

JiceSf    and    his    vanity    may    have  Io  contain  his  mortal  leiuains.   As  to 

prompted  him  to  endeavour  to  dis-  those  of  his  genius,  the  thtti  known 

guises  mean  descent  under  external  world  could  not  suilicc  ;  thev  are  read 

.splendour :   but  BO  great  is  the  mini-  with  equal  admiration  on  the  banks 

her  of  ruins  which  bear  the  name  of  of  the  Delaware,  Wolga,  and  (iau- 

Tulliaa  villas,  that,  were  we  to  con-  ges,  although  their  author  had  not, 

fide  m  such  tradition,  we  might  not  like  Ovid  in   hist/oai  opus  i 

only  justly   accuse    him    of  clown-  the  vanity  of  insuring  their  eternity . 

right  extravagance,  but  perhaps  be  Jt  is  not  the  situation  alone  of  this 

inclined  to  think  that  a  qussstOiahip  elegant  little  mausoleum  which  pro- 

in  Sicily,   and  a  proconsulate  in  Ci-  claims  it  to  be  Virgil's  ;  nature  her- 

licia,  were  two  very  goedtkmgs.  self  has,  by  a  miraculous  effort, 

\\  hat  a  shocking  tailing,  this  un-  ;  serted  its  authenticity  :   the  ruinous 

conquerable  loquacity  !  —  Sure  of  walls  are  girt  and  strengthened  with 

your  pardon,   I  return  to  Virgil.  ivy  and  myrtle,  and  the  top  of  the 

The   I'ic    ronian  gentlemen   were  fabric    is    crowned    with    vigorous 

highly    offended    at    my    declining  branches  of  laurel,    new   shoots   of 

their  aid,   but    they    triumphed   at  which  have  tor  centuries  replaced 

last.     All  mv  endeavours  to  disco-  the  sacriLetjLous.robben.es  oi  profa  ,e 

I  8 


150 


LETT  E  If  S    FROM    ITALY. 


hands.  And  yet,  with  such  inter- 
nal evidence  before  them,  the  learn- 
ed, who  question  every  thing  but 
their  own  knowledge,  hare  dared 
to  utter  doubts  !  One  of  the  Nea- 
politan literati,  I  am  told,  has  va- 
liantly combated  the  received  tra- 
dition ;  probably  envying  a  hea- 
then the  laurel,  which  oh  the  tomb 
of  his  saint  (St.  JanuariusJ,  he 
would  have  addicd  with  superstiti- 
ous devotion. 

The  natural  beauties  of  this  de- 
lightful spot  far  exceed  the  presnii 
appearance  of  the  building  itself, 
although,  to  judge  from  what  re- 
mains, its  design  proclaims  the 
chaste  style  of  architecture  preva- 
lent in  the  Augustan  age.  It  is  a 
square  little  temple,  not  much  larg- 
er than  one  of  our  turnpike-lodges  ; 
the  outside  has  suffered  t>o  much 
from  the  ravages  of  time,  as  barely 
to  indicate  its  former  figure.  The 
interior  is  rather  in  abetter  condi- 
tion. Round  its  four  walls,  are  sunk 
various  niches,  evidently  destined  to 
contain  cinerary  urns;  audit  is  said, 
that  in  the  middle  of  this  columba- 
rium, the  ashes  of  Virgil  himself 
were  deposited  in  a  marble  vase,  with 
the  following  inscription  written  by 
himself: 

*<  Mantua  me  genuit  5  Calabri  rajuiere  ;  tenet 

nunc 
V  Parthenope  :   crcini   pascua,  rnia,  duces."     | 

I  should  be  inclined  to  doubt  the 
authenticity  of  these  lines,  were  it 
not,  that  possibly  the  poet  may  have  1 
sacrificed  the  usual  harmony  of  his  j 
numbers  to  the  desire  of  compress- 
ing in  one   distich  a  most   laconic  ' 
notice  of  the  places  of  his  birth,  | 
death,  and  interment,  as  well  as  of 
his  principal  works.      After  all   it 
is  an   Odd  corn  position,  if  it  is  his 
own;  for  what  can  be  more  super- 


fluous than  to  record  the  place  yott 
are  buried  in,  on  your  very  tomb- 
stone ?  But  I  can  easily  fancy  that 
a  man  is  not  in  the  best  of  humours 
when  he  is  composing  his  own  epi- 
taph, notwithstanding  the  absolute 
c  1  t.iinfy  he  must  be  under,  that,  in 
(his  instance  he  is  writing  for  pos- 
terity alone. 

Naples  was  the  favourite  resi- 
dence of  our  poet.  Augustus  had 
granted  him  some  respectable  post 
there,  exempted  from  the  toils  of  offi- 
cial lalvour —  "  otium  cum  digni« 
tatc."  Who  knows  but  what  it 
might  have  been  some  prebend/ 
deanery,  or  living  connected  with 
the  temples  of  Jupiter  or  Scrapis 
at  Pozzuoli,  although  the  writers  of 
his  life  have  not  thought  proper  to 
descend  to  such  particulars  :  a  sine- 
cure it  certainly  was,  and  there  we 
have  at  once  classic  authority  in 
favour  of  sinecure  places,  for  lite- 
rary characters  at  least ;  and  to  those 
exclusively  they  ought  to  be  grant- 
ed :  don't  you  think  so,  T.  ?  This 
is  a  serious  subject,  which, on  my  re- 
turn to  England,  shall  be  brought 
before  the  public  in  an  express  pub- 
lication, wherein  I  shall  prove,  that 
the  productions  of  the  greatest  ge- 
niuses, such  as  Horace,  Virgil,  Aris- 
I  totle,  Newton,  Swift,  and  hundreds 
I  of  others,  ancient  as  well  as  modern, 
owe  their  existence  to  sinecure 
places. 

But  to  return  to  Naples: — what 
other  country  could  so  well  furnish 
our  poet  with  the  subject  of  his 
Georgics,  as  Campania,  now  even 
called  la  Terra  di  Laxoro  (the  land 
of  culture,  not  labour,  as  some  haver 
mischievously  translated  it)  ?  1  have 
seenseveralofthe  masserie,  or  farms, 
in  the  neighbourhood,  and  been  sur- 
prised at  the  high  state  of  cultiva- 


1  I   !  i  i  i:  -    PROM     I  l  I  T.V. 


151 


lion  they  arc  in,  Biid  ;ii  ill'-  industry 
with  which  everj  inch  of  this  supei  - 
l;iti\cl>  fertile  sod  ii  brought  '"  m  - 

count. 

,\ot  onl\  Iho  ( i«M»riri<  v  are  inch  bl- 
ed for  their  instructive  merit  i<»  the 
industrious  example*  ■>('  Campari  i  i 
the  ASnetd  also  owes  some  <><  its 
most  beautiful  passages  to  the  ismlf- 
nuiic  knowledge  which  V  irgil  must 

hu\e  had  S>f  the  Mil  round  in  ir  COUH- 
iry.      In  (lie  sixth  book  (Ins  ui.isi.i- 

piece  in  my  judgment)  the  whole 

of  the  horribly  sublime  seenerv  .  I  h<* 

eavetn  of  the  Sibyl,  lake  Avernusj 

Acheron,  &C.  is  borrowed  from  the 

environs  of  Gunuo  and    Poznuoli,  I 

the  volcanic   regions  of  which  are. 

with  characteristic  propriety  and 
infinite  skill,  marked  out  by  the 
poet  as  the  glomy  purlieus  to  the 
entrance  into  the  internal  kingdom. 

lint  I  am  again,  dear  T.  running 
on  at  a  wUd  rale.  I  am,  you  ma\ 
well  see,  mounted  on  my  hobby,  j 
sssd  a  \\ild  hobbj  it  is,  prancing  i" 
the  Left  and  right,  seldom  disposed 
to  follow  a  straight  forward  course: 
too  much  of  the  Shandy  breed)  unlit 
lor  sober  travelling. 

An  overanxious  desire  to  impress  , 
vou  with  a  correct  idea  of  this  clas- 
sic jewel,  and  of  the  train  offoelings 
which  rushed  upon  my  fancy  at  the 
time,  has  made  me  prolix.  I  shall 
atone  for  the  Ian  It  by  a  more  steady  , 
narrative  of  antecedent  occurrence-.. 

The  day  alter  my  arrival,  I  look- 
ed out  lor  a  good  physician  :  Cv- 
iil!o,  the  Hippocrates  o\  Italy,  the 
pride  of  his  country,  was  no  more. 
His  unhappy  late  must  ever  remain 
an  indelible  stain  in  the  revolution- 
ary annals  of  this  country  ;  it  will 
form  a  set-olf  on  the  credit  side  of 
the  account  o\  blood  against  the 
Jacobin  butchers  of  Paris.    The  <rc- 


nius  of  Dm  id  (the  p  i  intesj 
sufficient    san<  tuai  \    lo      ive   him 
from  a   Well-dcsei  \  ed   puntshtn 

but   in  ( '\  i iflo'i  sentence,  the  b  •- 

lance  of  justice  h«d  om  se.de  oniy 
io  wt  ,■■  li  his  errors,  a  hen  hi,  tran* 

BCCndent     talents    OUght    snrelv      l.» 

have  been  thiouii  into  the  ottser. 

1'iit     let    ns  draw    a    \eil    OVCI    the 
ii  lion  ;    postcrit  v  OAC  d  i\    a  ill 

remove  it*— The  skill  of  Dr.  ***  in 
chronic  diseases,  was  highly  recom- 
mended to  mc  :  he  conceii  i  d  fre- 
quent exert  ise  on  horseback,    ■ 

purer  air  than  that  which  prevails 
at  Mad.  Gasse's,  to  be  essential  to 

my  reooverj  ;  and  pronounced  the 
mineral    waters,     which    had     been 

my  chief  inducement  for  coming  to 

Naples,  unlit  to  be  drunk  fal  fcWO 
or  three  months.  However  disajH 
pOinted  at  this  information,  and    IttV 

pleased  with  the  idea  of  quitting  my 

inn,  where  I  was  comfortably  ac- 
commodated with  a  good  lodging 
and  table  tor  litth-  more  thin  live 
shillings  a  day,    I    obeyed   every 

oik-  of  his  decrees  |    hired    a    Imrse 

by  the  week,  and  mowed  to  the 
summit  of  the  Jnfrescata.  a  hill  of 
the  suburbs,  which  derives  ii>  np- 
pellation    from  the  salubrity  of  the 

atmosphere. 

in  my  rambles  after  DOW  quar- 
ters, tedious  any  where,  but  morr 
so  here,  where  no  bills  in  the  win- 
dows guide  \our  enquiries,  I  was 
shewn  to  the  houv.  <>r.  as  they 
called  it.  palace  o\  a  private  gen- 
tleman. To  yon,  as  a  geometrician, 
it  will  not  be*  matter  of  surprise  to 
find  every  house  with  a  trr<  at  gate, 
Styled  palace,  in  a  cit\  where,  as 
I  have  already  informed  yon",  our 
humble  Sir  is  translated  into  Ec- 
cciii  nza  ■•  for 

As  Sil  to  tm.llcnza,  j»  House  t>  Palace. 

Elclid. 


152 


Lr.TTr.ns  from  italy. 


Indeed  Euclid  was  perfectly  at 
home  in  this  palace,  as  you  shall 
sec  presently.  The  private  gentle* 
wan  received  me  with  Neapolitan 
politeness  (e'est  tout  dit),  regretted 
infinitely  that  his  apartments  were 
still  in  the  occupancy  of  a  Signore 
j\foseovita  ;  but  assured  me,  that 
such  was  his  partiality  to  the  Bri- 
tish nation,  and  his  knozc  ledge  of 
their  generosity  and  noble  manner 
of  acting,  that  he  should  contrive 
to  put  me  in  possession  of  the  apart- 
ments in  a  week  or  ten  days,  the 
time  necessary  to  give  warning  to 
the  Russian  gentleman.  This  most 
generous  offcrbeing  civilly  declined 
on  my  side,  he  added  that,  at  all 
events,  in  less  than  three  weeks, 
the  gentleman  would  set  off  for 
Rome,  when  I  might  without  scru- 
ple become  his  inmate.  During  this 
conversation,  a  lady,  of  about  17  or 
18,  was  occupied  at  another  table 
in  executing  an  academical  draw* 
ing.  On  admiring  her  proficiency, 
Donna  Nicolctta  was  introduced  as 
the  daughter  of  the  owner  of  the 
house.  It  was  a  copy  of  the  Farne- 
sinn  Hercules,  the  original  of  which 
I  have  since  seen  in  the  Regit 
Studii ;  and  the  young  artist  had 
faithfully  copied  rude  .antiquity  in 
all  its  parts,  owing  probably  to  her 
having  taken  the  design  previously 
to  the  visit  which  a  person  of  au- 
thority lately  paid  to  the  gallery  of 
antiques  now  deposited  in  that  mu- 
seum ;  on  which  occasion,  I.  have 
been  told,  an  immediate  and  co- 
pious supply  of  braacn  foliage,  of 
various  dimensions,  was  ordered  to 
be  attached,  without  regard  to  rank 
or  distinction,  whether  dii  majo- 
rum  or  minorum  gentium ^  to  all 
the  inhabitants  of  Olympus,   that 


were  found  too  fashionable  in  their 
attire  :  even  poor  Kul lip i/ get  was 
forced  to  submit  to  the  dire  com- 
mands of  decorum  ;  although,  in 
her  case,  the  admiration  of  the  be- 
holder would  most  probably  be  at- 
tracted in  an  antipodean  direction. 

"  Here,"  you  will  exclaim,  "  is 
the  hobby  again  capering  from 
Donna  Nicoletta  to  Venus  Kallipy- 
ga  !  What  a  salt  urn  mortale  !"  Do 
not,  dear  T.  wrong  your  valetudi- 
narian friend  by  suspecting  too  phy- 
sical an  association  of  ideas. 

"  The  trifles  on  which  you  are 
good  enough  to  lavish  your  praise," 

observed  Sig. ,  "  arc  the  fruits 

of  my  daughter's  leisure  hours  : 
she  shall  shew  you  something  more 
worthy  of  your  attention."  A  Latin 
translation  of  the  first  canto  of  the 
Oierusalemma  JJbcrata^  and  an 
Italian  one  of  two  or  three  books  of 
Euclid,  enriched  with  Nicolettian 
notes,  were  now  produced  as  the 
work  of  the  philosophical  damsel. 
Unfortunately,  a  rooted  prejudice 
against  very  learned  females  not 
only  rendered  me  totally  insensible 
to  the  merits  of  her  lucubrations, 
but  even  gave  in  my  opinion  to  the 
very  features  of  her  countenance, 
which  before  had  appeared  attrac- 
tive, an.  air  of  pedantry,  that  ex- 
erted its  repellent  power  with  such 
accumulated  force,  that  I  began  to 
look  for  an  opportunity  of  extricat- 
ing myself  from  a  society  which  I 
had  not  grace  enough  to  appreciate. 

What,  in  the  name  of  good- 
ness, thought,  I  when  I  found  my- 
self without  the  walls  of  this  place, 
will  a  man  do  with  such  a  wife  ! 
if  ever  mortal  has  courage  or  sim- 
plicity enough  to  covet  the  posses- 
sion of  a  woman,  who  will  be  do 


1  :.T  I  Lrit    PRO  m    1T4LY. 


13.5 


monstrating  the  binomial  theorem 

when  sin-  OUghl    (o    be    cooking    a 

comfortable  dish  of  maccafooi  foi 
Ins  dinner,  <>r  couril  dactyls  im  lead 
of  plaiting  the  radii  of  bia  ihirt- 
frills  into  prismatic  parallels.  A 
limplcton  he  mutt  be  forsooth  !  ind 
indeed  none  bul  »u<  l>  a  one  will  she 
elect,  if  we  trust  the  Livian  para- 
dox, according  to  which,  the  most 
diametrically  opposite  qualifica- 
tions, moral  or  physical,  arc  soon- 
est united  in  wedlock. 

When    you    read    this    tetter    to 

MUs ,  yon  had  better  skip  the 

above  ;    tell  her  it   contains  private 

matter;  or,  ifyou  are  under  an  ab- 
solute necessity  to  read  it,  1  depend 
en  your  friendship  lor  such  an  ex- 
planation of  my  sentiments  as  will 
convince  her,  that  I  intend  by  no 
means  io  exclude  the  lovely  part- 
ners of  our  fortunes  from  the  bene- 
fits of  an  enlightened  education  : 
'tis  a  professedly  literary  career, 
an  initiation  in  the  more  abstruse 
sciences,  which  1  conceive  utterly 
incompatible  with  (he  fulfilment  of 
the  important  duties  they  owe  to 
society. 

The  abode  of  this  female  sa^e 
being  at  no  very  great  distance  from 
the  castle  of  St.  Elmo,  and  more 
than  half  way  up  the  mountain  on 
which  it  is  situated,  I  desired  Don 
Giuseppe  to  lead  the  way.  "  In- 
deed the  ascent  is  too  steep  for  von, 
Sir  :  you  will  be  exhausted,  and 
your  curiosity  ill  repaid.  What 
will  you  see  there  ?  the  sea,  sonic 
ships,  the  town,  a  few  pieces  of  brass 
cannon,  all  of  which  you  have  seen 
before  :  besides,  I  doubt  whether 
the  sentry  will  admit  you."  When 
all  these  objections  were  over-ruled, 
I  learned  the  true  cause  ol  poor 
Joe's  demur  :   he  had  eJteu  nothing 


ttnee  bis  scanty  brcali  I 

.    under    . 
would  nave   prov<  d   rcry   ineffec- 
tual i  I  therefore  di  ipensed  w  ith  his 
guidance,  ami  r<  u  bed  Lbs  fortress 
i  l>\  m>  on ii  enqui i 

The  auri  sacra  fames t  which  ere 
iiou  has  opened  the  gates  of  many 
an  impregnable  stronghold  ;  or.  m 
plain  English,  three  c  u  tins  deli- 
cately introduced  into  Mm-  palm  of 
the  corporal,  procured  me  free 
cess  to  the  interim  j  irhere,  however, 

I  juct  with  nothing  Which  could  in- 
terest my  curiosity  :   my  attention 

was  totally  absorbed  by  the  view  of 
one  of  the  most  delightful  prospects 
I  had  ever  beheld.  All  Naples  lay 
extended,  like  a  map,  at  my  feet  ; 
the  splendid  mansion  of  the  Carthu- 
sian monks  of  St.  Martin,  with  the 
beautiful  gardens  belonging  to  it, 
directly  under  the  walls  of  the  cas- 
tle; the  port  crowded  with  masts  • 
at  a  distance,  in  the  bay,  two  Bri- 
tish frigates  riding  at  anchor, 
disdaining  to  seek,  greater  security 
from  a  more  sheltered  recess ;  the 
marine  skirts  of  the  town  lined  with 
the  mole  and  lighthouse  ;  the  Castel 
Nuovo,  Castel  d'Uovo,  Puao&lco-' 
ne,  and  the  public  gardens  ofCbt- 
aia  :  in  the  rear,  old  Vesuvius.  d»  - 
(ached  from  its  parent,  the  mountain 
o(  Somma,  or  rather  ri^>iii_r  out  of 
its  bosom.  But  the  scene  bathes  all 
description  ;  anil  to  save  myself  a 
more  minute  detail,  I  enclose  ;» 
hasty  sketch,  which  I  base  since 
pencilled  from  the  same  point  of 
view. 

I  have  been  told  a  curious  circum- 
stance which  occurred  when  recent- 
ly a  detachment  of  our  troops,  in 
conjunction  with  the  Neapolitans, 
besieged  the  French  in  this  castle. 
The    British   had   do   sooner   built 


151 


I.T.TTF.RS    FROM     ITAT.V 


their  huts  at  .')  convenient  distance 
from  tlic  fortress,  than  many  of  the 
men  were  suddenly  seized  with  vio- 
lent vomiting's,  others  with  head- 
ache and  languor,  which  rendered 
them  unfit  for  duty.  At  first  it 
was  suspected  that  the  French  had 
poisoned  the  wells  ;  but  when  it 
was  found  that  other  corps,  which 
had  used  the  same  water,  were  in 
perfect  health,  it  was  feared  that  the 
plague,  or  some  other  epidemic 
disease,  had  infected  the  camp  : 
the  more  so,  as  medicine,  although 
administered  immediately, produced 
no  abatement  in  the  symptoms.  A 
sensible  and  skilful  st  a  ft-  surgeon, 
however,  was  fortunate  enough  to 
discover  the  true  cause  of  the  evil : 
the  encampment  being  in  the  vici- 
nity of  a  hemp  field,  the  men  had 
formed  their  huts  with  the  stalks 
and  leaves  of  that  plant,  the  effluvia 
of  which  had  exerted  their  intoxi- 
cating and  stuporilic  qualities  to  the 
alarming  degree  above  described. 
As  soon  therefore  as  the  cause  was 
removed,  the  evil  ceased,  without 
any  further  serious  consequence. 

f  could  have  feasted  my  eyes  for 
hours  on  the  sublime  scene  before 
me.  had  not  grosser  organs  reminded 
me  of  the  humiliating  truth,  that 
man  is  not  all  mind.  My  stomach 
began  to  be  in  the  same  predicament 
as  that  of  Don  Giuseppe,  an  hour 
ago  :  hunger  hurried  me  down  to 
the  city,  where  I  had  nearly  re- 
pented of  the  indulgence  1  had 
granted  him.  I  totally  lost  my  way, 
and  became  bewildered  in  a  maze  of 
small  narrow  lanes,  the  poor  inha- 
bitants of  which  answered  my  re- 
peated enquiries  with  a  good-na- 
tured, but  to  me  unintelligible, 
Neapolitan  patois.  Fortunately,  I 
met  at  last  a  Neapolitan  officer,  who 


con/cl  speak  Italian,  and  who  was 
kind  enough  to  conduct,  me  to  my 
inn,  where,  for  the  first  time  these 
four  months,  1  dined  with  real  ap- 
petite on  the  cold  relics  of  the  table 
(Flint  p. 

Before  I  close  this  long  letter,  I 
must  give  you  a  short  description 
of  a  curious  theatrical  representa- 
tion, at  which  I  was  present  some 
days  ago.  The  title  of  Said  induced 
me  to  expect  a  sacred  oratorio  ;  in- 
stead of  which,  I  found  the  whole 
of  fhc  biblical  narrative  dramatized 
info  a  complete  opera,  not  even 
omitting  the  incantations  of  the 
Avitch  of  Endor.  The  Neapolitans 
are  more  unreasonable  than  the  an- 
cient Romans ;  they  would  have 
carnem  el  circenses  even  in  Lent- 
time :  the  former,  I  understand,  they 
have  been  indulged  with  by  a  spe- 
cial, but  by  no  means  gratuitous, 
dispensation  from  the  Holy  See  ; 
and  their  eagerness  for  the  latter 
has  been  gratified  by  the  sacred 
kind  of  opera  just  mentioned,  in 
Avhich  Signora  P.  made  her  first 
dtbt'd  as  a  singer,  in  the  character 
of  David,  and,  lam  told,  attracted 
the  particular  notice  of  a  British 
officer  of  rank.  She  is  not  yet  a 
great  singer,  but  bids  fair  to  be 
one ;  her  intonation  is  full  and  sweet, 
and  her  compass  great  :  science, 
and  an  action  more  degagee,  and 
adapted  to  the  stage,  is  all  she 
wants;  and  which,  at  her  age,  she 
has  time  to  acquire,  for  she  docs 
not  appear  to  be  more  than  sixteen. 
Add  to  this,  a  lovely  face  and  figure, 
much  resembling  our  Miss  D.'s,  and 
you  will  not  fax  me  with  unreason- 
able partiality.  Mombelli,  the  first 
tenor,  acted  King  Saul  admirably  : 
although  he  is  tfun  certain  age,  his 
voice  penetrated  every  part  of  the 


N 


nnm-n    SPORTS; 


i  > 


house ;  but  it  is  in  the  recitativos 

lie  is  most  noble  and  impress!  \  e  : 
Ins    figure,    step,    ;iiid   in  ■lion,     lie- 

quentlv  put  mc  in  mind  of  Kemble. 
The  music,  Gugliclmi's  as  I  am 
fold,  has  great  merit  :  and  n  bai p- 
:tir,  iii  particular,  <»•  David's  (not 

B   |>    ilm  )    in    a    minor  lt<  \  .    (TBI  e\- 

trcmcly  affecting.  I  pon  the  whole, 
justice  wis  noi  done  to  the  compo- 
ier  by  the  orchestra,  which  was  sen- 
sibly inferior  to  our's  at  < li *•  King's 
Theatre. 


\  in  r  one  of  the  I  m  jest   V 
which  Ii'  wj  pen, 

I  frnsi  J  in;i\  take  leai ••  oi  \ on  with 

some  i\r<:  I  III  :     lll<-   mop1  so, 

as  the  pleasure  I  derive  from  writ- 
ing i<»  \<»n  has  made  me  U 
the  directions  of  the  pbytu  ian,  who 
riousty  cautioned  me 
against  sedentary  occupation.  M  i 
health,  however,  improves  j  at  lea  I 
m\  spirits  are  better,  as  3  on  saaj 
bave  perceived  yourself,  from  the 
preceding  rhapsodies  of 

\    Oill  ' 


BRITISH  SPORTS. 

( Continued  from  pagi  97.  ) 

Having  briefly  adverted  to  the    which  are  never  known  to  tire,  and 
laws  respecting  animals,  both  wild 


and  lame,   we  shall  now    proceed  to 

describe  thediffereni  kinds  of  dogs 
employed  in  the  spoils  of  the  field, 
commencing  with 

PL  1  li    S — THE  POINTER. 

The   accurate   representation  of 


have  frequentlj  speed  enough  to 
catch  a  half-grow  n  leveret,  it  it  hap- 
pens to  start  np  before  them. 

It  is  not  above  thirty  or  fortj 
veers  since   the  breed  of  pointers 

,  were  ncarU   while,  or  mostl)   varie- 
gated with  liver-coloured  spots,  1  \- 


the  pointer  which  accompanies  our    cept  the  celebrated  stock  of  the  Duke 
last  number,  renders  it  unnecessary  to    of  Kingston,  whose  blacks  were  con- 


enlarge  on  the  peculiarities  of  shape 
or  colour  of  this  species  of  dogs. 


sidered  superior  to  any  in  the  king- 
dom, and  sold  for  very  large  sums 


It  is  supposed,  and  a  variety  of  CUT-     after  his  death.      Hut  such  has  been 


cumstances  tend  to  confirm  the  con- 
jecture, that  this  breed  was  for- 
merly unknown  in  Britain  :  that  it 
was  tirst  introduced  into  this  COUII- 
11  \  from  Spain,  not  much  more  than 
two  centuries  since;  and  that  the 
heavy  awkward  appearance  of  the 
Spanish  pointer  has  been  corrected 
by  judicious  crosses.  These  are  so 
numerous  that  pointers  are  now  to 
be  seen  oi  all  sizes,  colours,  and  qua- 
lifications ;    from  the  slow,   short- 


the  constantly  increasing  attach- 
ment to  the  sports  of  the  field,  that 
they  have  since  been  bred  of  every 
description,  from  a  pure  white,  and 
a  flea-bitten  blue,  or  grey,  toa  com- 
plete liver-colour,  or  perfect  black. 
After  all  the  experiments  that  I 
been  made  by  the  best  judure-,  and 
the  most  zealous  amateurs,  in  n  spe<  r 
to  size,  it  seem-  a;  Length  1  • 
cided  opinion  with  the  majority, 
that  when  bred   for  ev<    . 


muzzled,  heavy-shouldered  remains  j;  game,  and  diversity  of  countrj  .  it  is 
of  the  perfect  Spanish- pointer,  in-    advisable   to  avoid    extremes; 
capable  of  a  second  day's  work,  to  II  over-grown,   Fat,    and  heavy 

the  in-and-in  cross  with  a  fox-hound,  !  verv  soon  grow  weary,  in   the  hjt 


No.  111.   Vet.  J. 


X 


IJL) 


BRITISH    SPORTS. 


and  early  part  of  the  season  »  and 
the  smaller  sort  are  attended  with  in- 
convenience is  bunting  high  tur- 
nips, heath,  ling,  ami  broom  fields. 

Pointers,  however  well  they  may 
have  been  bred,  arc  never  consider- 
ed complete,  unless  they  arc  per- 
fectly staunch  to  bird,  dog,  and  gun, 
which  implies,  first,  standing  singly 
to  a  bird,  or  covey ;  secondly,  back- 
ing, or  pointing  instantly  likewise, 
the  moment  one  dog  perceives  ano- 
ther stand  ;  and  lastly,  not  stirring 
from  his  own  point  at  the  rising  of 
any  bird,  or  the  firing  of  any  gun 
in  tiie  field,  provided  the  game  at 
which  he  made  his  original  point  is 
neither  sprung  nor  started. 

The  natural  disposition  of  the 
pointer,  from  its  pliability  and  mild- 
ness, is  admirably  adapted  to  acquire 
these  degrees  of  perfection  ;  for,  in- 
dependent of  the  attracting  sym- 
metry of  his  form,  his  unceasing 
attention  and  unwearied  attachment, 
he  possesses  all  those  inexplicable 
qualities  which  arc  calculated  to 
command  the  confidence  of  man. 

The  art  of  breaking  pointers  was 
formerly  considered  so  difficult,  that 
it  was  relinquished  to  a  particular 
class  of  persons;,  who  called  them- 
selves dog-breakers:  but  the  sim- 
plicity of  the  method  is  now  gene- 
rally understood  by  sportsmen,  who 
know  that  a  tolerably  well-bred 
pointer  puppy  may  have  the  ground- 
work of  all  his  future  perfections 
laid  in  the  parlour,  or  kitchen,  be- 
fore he  once  makes  his  appearance 
in  the  field.  The  instinct  of  this 
breed  i-  frequently  seen  to  display 
itself  in  subjects  not  more  than 
three  or  four  months  old;  and  in 
still  and  uninterrupted  situations, 
puppies  may  be  observed  most  ear- 
nestly standing  at  thickens,  pigeons, 


and  even  sparrows  upon  the  ground 
by  sight,  before  the  olfactory  pow- 
ers  can  be  supposed  to  have  attained 
maturity  to  prompt  a  point  by  scent. 
The  education  of  a  pointer  may 
commenceabout  the  sixth  or  seventh 
month,  but  he  should  not  be  brought 
regularly  info  the  field  till  full  a 
year  old.  Pointers,  though  ade- 
quate to  various  kinds  of  sport,  arc 
principally  employed  in  partridge, 
grouse,  and  snipe-shooting,  in  which 
their  merits  are  more  strikingly  con- 
spicuous, and  can  be  more  pleasing- 
ly enjoyed  than  in  pheasant  or  cock- 
shooting,  where  the  spirit  of  the 
pursuit  is  lost  in  the  obscurity  of 
the  remote  and  wooded  situation. 


PLATE    13. THE    SETTER. 

The  dog  passing  under  this  de- 
nomination is  a  species  of  pointer, 
originally  produced  by  a  mixture 
between  the  Spanish  pointer  and 
the  larger  breed  of  the  English 
spaniel,  which,  by  careful  cultiva- 
tion, has  attained  a  considerable 
degree  of  estimation  and  celebrity, 
as  well  for  its  figure  as  its  qualifica- 
tions. In  regard  to  figure,  the  set- 
ter is  equally  beautiful  and  attract- 
ing with  any  variety  of  the  canine 
species.  It  possesses  an  elegant 
symmetry  of  shape,  a  pleasing  va- 
riegation of  colour,  a  diffidence,  hu- 
mility, and  solicitation  of  notice, 
far  beyond  the  power  of  the  pen  to 
express,  or  of  the  pencil  to  de- 
lineate. 

The  sporting  department  of  the 
setter  in  the  field,  precisely  corre- 
sponds with  the  pursuits  and  pro- 
pensities of  the  pointer,  but  with 
this  single  variation  :  that,  admit- 
ting their  olfactory  organs  to  be 
equally  exquisite,  and  that  the  one 
can  d  isco  vcr,  and  us  ex  peditiously  re.- 


COMPOSITION  koh  in  IL1JT0  v,r,\;s[>-   i 


1    7 


teive  the  particle  <>t    cent  ■•  the 

oilier,    il   it  m  I'M  llr<-  one  lo 

effect  u|)(ni  h;<  l.  _s,  v.liai  the  other 
does  l>\  prostration  <»u  the  ground. 
This  different  e  ii  neither  iron  "..r 
l<  ill. 111  the  purr  effect  <>l  -|i"i ting 
education  ;  for  ns  in  shooting  with 
the  pointer,  the  game  is  always  ex- 
pected (<»  rise,  so  in  the  use  of  a  set- 
ting-dog  .iinl  net,  the  game  is  in- 
quired to  lie.  It  must  be  obvious 
to  all,  how  much  the  properties  of 
animali  depend  on  their  education, 
ami  in  confirmation  of  this,  ire  mai 
observe,  that  ii  is  well  known,  that 
the  gamekeeper  of  .i  gentleman  neai 
Odiham,  in  Hampshire,  actually 
taught  a  full-grown  pig  to  hunt 
the  stubhlcs,  quarter  hi>  ground, 
and  point  tin-  birds  in  so  high  a  • 
style,  as  to  obtain  considerable  emo- 
lument by  repeated  displays  of  his 
ingenuity,  patience,  and  perseve- 
raner. 

Although  sett inff-d off s  are  in  are- 
neral  used  merely  for  the  purpose 
of  taking  partridges  with  the  draw- 
net,    they  are  brought  into   occa- 


sional it-.-  i  itfa  the    r'?",    n  ' 

equally   ad  iptcd  to    <  b  I 

spoi '.    except    in   turnip* . 

n  Ik  at,  *  tandii 

<ir  othei  cot    • 

drop  and  point  m 

I \  oli  rr\ i  I.   Thcj  rn  ■ 

into  the  field  about  thi     i 

the  pointer,  and   broken  in  bj  the 

same  means. 

To  ilns  account  "<■  shall  subjoin 
the  lines  in  n  hn  h  Somen  d<-  n 
curatelj  dew  ribes  the  nae  end  qsnv 
lifications  of  the  setter: — 

U  In  n  antnma  mill  ■  all  l"  ••  ■ 

Anil   | * :i 1 1 1 1 ->  larli  ili.-j   ■  inout 

Ian  s, 

My  aettei  ranges  in  the  new-shorn  fi 
His  nose  in  .  from  iul£<-  lo  1 1 

Panting  Im  l.ouinN,  lus  <|n:ii  ti  id  pi  ou  lid  «livi«Jo* 
In  ci|u:il  intii\;iU,    iiui   i  :u<  l>  s  .  I.  ai  i  s 

One  inch  nntry'd.    At  Ii  dated  jalcs 

His  nostrils  wide  inhale  }  qaick  JO]  <  laU  » 

His  beating  hurt,  which,  nw'dh]  discipline 

s.  mi..   In   .!.in  ,  not  own,   but  cautions  ■ 
Lot  cowering  st<  p  by  -t»|>,   at  last  attains 

His  proper  distance  ;  then  be  stoj 
And  points  «itli  his  instrnctiTi  none  npon 
The  trembling  pn  >    On  wings  of  wiadnpboraM 
The  Boating  net  unfold*  .1  tin  ? j  tin  ■  mwpa, 
And  ilic  poor  Scattering  enptiea  use  m  rain, 


COMPOSITION  FOR  HEALING  WOUNDS  IX  TREES. 

Wi.  have  gn  .it  satisfaction  in  submitting  n>  <>ur  readi  ra  ili<-  fallowing  communis    I 
from  Earl  Stanhope,  a  nobleman  whose  studies  have  invariably   been  din 
towards  the  advancement  <>t  those  branches  of  useful  science,  which  tend  . 
particularly  to  promote  the  welfare  of  mankind  in  g< 

TO  THE  EDITOR  OF  THE  REPOStTO 

BemerVstreet,  Fefa  .  toss  of  large   branches,  occasioned 

Sin,  l,v   wind,    or  otherwise,    1-   much 

The  subject  mentioned  in  your  greater  than  people  in  general 

letter  to  me  of  yesterday 's  date,  re-  aware  of.     Everj   attentive  person 

lativc  to  the  healing  of  wounded  may  easily  perceive  the  local  injury 

tiers,  is  certainly  very  interesting;  which  takes  place  at  and  near  the 

I   vwll  therefore  (agreeably  to  your  wound  where  the  tree  becomes  e\  i- 

wish)  inform  yon  of  my  success,  dently  rotten;  but  there  is,  in  ad- 

and  in  what  manner  I  have  obtain-  dition  thereto,  a  general  injury  to 

ed  it.  '  the  tree,  which  i-  produced  in  the 

The  injury  which  is  done  to  tim-  following  manner.     W  hi 

ber  trees,  and  other  trees,  from  the  ,  in  at  the  wounded  part,  it  finds 

X  8 


158 


COMPOSITION  FOR  healing  wounds  in  trees#* 


way  downwards,  between  the  solid 
wood  and  the  bark,  through  the 
capillary  intervals  where  the  s;ip 
rises.  As  the  wet,  so  introduced, 
cannot  get  out,  it  frequently  tends 
to  eaase  the  bark  to  decay  at  the 
bottom  of  the  tree,  just  above,  or 
at  ihe  top  of  the  ground.  The  ca- 
pillary attraction,  which  causes  the 
Bap  to  rise,  grows  gradually  weak- 
er ;  the  tree  gets  sickly  ;  the  tips  of 
its  upper  boughs  become  rotten; 
and  that  fresh  injury  lets  in  more 
wet,  which  hastens  the  general 
decay :  so  that  timber  trees  of  the 
first  size  sometimes  become  hollow, 
or  otherwise  unsound,  though  the 
-whole  injury  originated,  perhaps, 
from  the  loss  of  a  single  large  branch. 
To  remedy  these  evils,  I  have 
applied  to  the  wounds  a  composi- 
tion that  I  discovered  many  years 
ago,  and  which,  when  properly 
used,  has  succeeded  even  beyond 
my  expectation  ;  for  not  only  the 
bark  grows  over  the  wounds,  gra- 
dually pushing  oil'  the  composition, 
but  even  the  vhile  zcood,  as  it  is 
commonly  called,  grows  under  the 
new  bark,  so  as  to  produce  a  radical 
and  a  complete  local  cure.  Whe- 
ther the  local  cure  thus  accom- 
plished, will,  or  will  not,  stop  the 
gencraU\ccn\\  which  proceeds  from 
the  united  causes  1  have  alluded  to, 
will  depend  upon  the  degree  of 
general  injury  that  the  tree  had 
received  previously  to  the  com- 
position having  been  applied,  and 
likewise  on  the  number  of  small 
branches,  or  boughs,  broken  off; 
inasmuch  as  a  tree  can  receive,  in 
the  manner  I  have  described,  the 
same  degree  of  general  injury  from 
several  broken  boughs,  as  it  may 
from  the  loss  of  one  branch  of  the 
largest  dimensions.    Wounds  of  an 


uncommon  size  in  the  bark  of  the 
trunk  of  the  tree  itself,  have  been 
completely  healed  by  the  same 
means.  I  have  tried  this  plan  on 
a  great  number  of  different  sorts  of 
trees,  and  I  have  alwa}-s  succeeded, 
if  the  composition  was  properly  ap- 
plied, and  in  due  time  :  one  appli- 
cation of  the  composition  will  fre- 
quently be  quite  sufficient,  but  some 
trees  require  it  to  be  applied  more 
than  once.  The  elm,  when  very 
vigorous,  is,  generally  speaking, 
of  the  latter  description,  on  account 
of  the  great  quantity  of  sap  which 
weeps  from  its  wounds,  especially 
when  the  wounds  are  of  a  consider- 
able size. 

Oak,  beech,  chesnut,  walnut, 
ash,  elm,  cedar,  fir,  asp,  lime,  sy- 
camore, and  birch  trees,  are,  by 
an  act  of  parliament  of  the  6th  year 
of  his  present  majesty,  deemed  and 
taken  to  be  timber  trees  ;  and  by 
an  act  of  the  13th  of  the  king,  pop- 
lar, alder,  larch,  maple,  and  horn- 
beam, are  also  deemed  and  taken 
to  be  timber  trees.  The  trial  has 
been  made  on  the  greater  number  of 
these  seventeen  sorts,  as  well  as  on 
yew,  hcrse-chesnut,  and  apple-trees, 
on  various  fruit  and  other  trees, 
laurels,  and  shrubs. 

K  it  be  wished  to  saw  the  limb 
off,  either  close  to  the  body  of  the 
tree,  or  near  to  it,  great  care  should 
be  taken  that  the  separated  limb,  in 
falling,  does  not  tear  off  the  bark 
from  the  tree  itself.  This  may  be 
accomplished  by  first  separating 
from  the  tree  the  greater  part  of 
the  limb,  and  then  taking  off  the 
remaining  stump,  and  also  by  saw- 
ing the  bark  of  the  limb  completely 
all  around  before  the  wood  itself  is 
divided.  If  the  limb  be  a  very  large 
one,  a  rope  properly  tied  to  it  may 


ON    'iiir.    w  IS1  E   OF    40  mi  i  i  M  it  \  '•    P»ODU<  i  . 


I  & 


he  advani  i  " sou  ly  ust  d,  to  prevent 
iis  injui  in "  the  tree  at  the  moment 
of  its  being  separated  from  if. 

After  ill.-  broken  limb  baa  ; 
aawed  off,  the  a  hole  of  the  tan  -<  ut 
must  be  rerj  carefully  pared  awaj  ■ 
by  meam  of  a  spoke-  ha  1 1 1 ,  i  hisel, 
0i  other  \< ' \  iharp  tool  j  and  the 
rough  e  Iges  of  the  bark  must,  in 
partieulai  -  be  made  quite  imooth  i 
i in-  doing  of  this  properly  is  of 
great  consequence. 

When  the  raa  -cut  is  complen  Ij 
pared  off,  the  composition  hereafter 
mentioned  must  be  laid  on,  not, 
about  the  thickness  of  balf-a-i  rown, 
over  (he  wounded  place,  and  ova 
the  edges  of  the  surrounding  bark  : 
it  should  be  spread  with  a  hot 
trowel*  The  most  convenient  tool 
ibr  this  purpose,  is  a  trowel  aome- 


uli.it    similar   in    form  to  i!  I 

bj  p 

(sim  Ii  as  of  1  .jii.ni.  1   0 
inch),  in  ord  1   to  retain  the  I 
the  longei  ■ 

The  hi  aiin  -■  ition  is  to 

made  ai  follows  i  I  aki  ,  ot  dry 
I x mi nt It  (I  chalk,  thret  met  area  ; 
ami  of  comm  'ii  *  egctable  tar,  one 
ire :  mil  them  thoroughly, 
and  boil  them,  a  ith  1  low  heat,  nil 
the  composition  becora 
bu  tencj   of  •  •    "  '" ' 

preaen  ed  for  u*  ,  in  this 
;ui\  lengtb  "i  timet     It  <  Ii  <y>^  can* 

cnicntly  !«•  got,  di 
.In  ;.  v,lti<  h  has  passed  through  a 
fine  sieve,  may  be  substituted. 
I  am,  Si  a, 
Your  obedient  servant, 
- 


TO  THE  EDITOR  01    THE  REPOSITORY,  &  - 

g|H  of  all  the  various  op.-r  itions  bcl 

Observing,  on  the 'cover  of  ing  to  agriculture.     A.s  I   have  not 

your  Magazine,  your  liberal  oiler  pent  much  time  i;«  the  study,  you 

of  gold  and  silver  medals  for  the  must  not  expect  any  florid  periods 

best  essays  on  different  subjects  re-  or  elegance  of  style  :  my  only  am* 

lating  to  the   arts,   manufactures,  \  bition  is,  to  communicate  my  ideas 

and  commerce  of  this  country,    I  in  a  plain  intelligible  way, 

•was  happy  to  see,  among  them,  one  impress  my  subject  oa  the  minds  ot 

for  the  best  essay  on  agriculture;  those  readers  who  may  haves 

on  which  subject    I    shall  take    the     for  forming.    If  any  ot  tin  m -I.         1 


liberty  of  offering  you  B  tew  re- 
marks, queries,  and  observations, 
not  as  a  candidate  tor  your  medal. 
but  as  an  occasional  correspondent, 
as  1  very  much  approve  of  the  new 
and  very  useful  plan  of  your  Repo- 
sitory. 

If  the  following  lines  should  be 
found  worthy  of  your  notice,  I  may 
in  future  be  induced  to  renew  the 


receive  one  useful  hint  from  my  ob- 
sei  \  ations,  I  shall  be  bighlj  com- 
pensated in  doing  say   duty  ^s  a 

member  oi'  that  comratmitj  .  which 

must  ever   be   inter*  stod  in   all  that 

concerns  the  improvement  oi 

culture. 

The  ameliorations  that  haw 
dually  taken  plai  e  m  all  the  BO 
of  cultivating  the   various  soils  of 


subject  ;  not  as  a  closet  fanner,  but  tju.  British  Isles,  within  the  la>i  half 
as  one  who  has  for  ma:i\  years  re-  century,  have  been  almost  innumc- 
peatedly  gone  through  all  the  toils     rablc.    The  increase  oi  produce  has 


160 


OX    INSTRUMENTS    FOR    P ItOCl'KIXCT 


hitherto  more  particularly  engaged  |j 
the  pen  of  the  theorist,  as  well  as  the 
practical  exertions  of  tbe  fanner; 
but  the  preservation  of  that  aceu- 

undated  produce,  from  the  time  of 
ils  maturity  to  the  period  of  i(s  con- 
sumption, has  nof  yet  sufficiently 
engaged  either  the  pen  of  the  for- 
mer, or  the  practice  of  the  latter. 

Whether  it  be  that  the  appear- 
ance of  great  produce,  when  seen 
in  the  bulk,  and,  consequently, 
more  conspicuous  to  tlie  eye,  fasci- 
nates men's  minds,  and  induces 
them  to  pay  more  attention  to  in- 
crease than  preservation  ;  or  that 
the  various  and  imperceptible  kinds 
of  waste  to  which  agricultural  pro- 
duce is  incident,  after  arriving  at 
maturity,  are  so  gradual,  so  diver- 
sified and  divided,  as  to  appear  but 
trilling  in  the  aggregate,   and  not 


sufficient  to  rouse  their  attention,  I 
shall  not  presume  to  determine. 
Experience,  however,  seems  to  fa- 
vour the  adoption  of  the  latter  hy- 
pothesis. 

If  all  the  waste  to  which  the  pro- 
duce of  a  farm  is  liable,  could  be 
seen  at  once,  its  measure  and  value 
would  surprise  the  farmer,  and  its 
aggregate  astonish  the  agricultural 
world  :  perhaps  it  might  not  be  too 
much  to  assert,  that  it  would  far 
exceed  the  amount  of  our  greatest 
importation  in  any  one  year. 

I  shall  endeavour,  in  a  future 
communication,  to  point  out  the 
different  species  of  waste,  and  sug- 
gest  some  modes  that  may  proba- 
bly  prevent  some  of  the  most  in- 
jurious. 

Ax  Economist* 


TO  THE  EDITOR  OF  THE  REPOSITORY,  &c. 


Sin, 
Among  the  various  articles  that 
are  daily  obtruded  on  the  public  as 
new  inventions,  two  instruments 
have  lately  been  ushered  into  no- 
tice with  much  parade,  professedly 
under  the  protection  of  his  majesty's 
royal  letters  patent,  on  which  I  wish 
to  be  permitted  to  make  a  few  re- 
marks in  your  valuable  Repository. 

The  instruments  to  which  I  allude 
are  announced  for  sale  by  the  pa- 
tentees, under  the  firm  of  the  "  In- 
stantaneous Fire  and  Light  Com- 
pany," who  claim  an  exclusive 
right  to  their  sale  ;  and  presume 
to  tell  the  public,  that  "  these  in- 
struments are  of  the  latest  invention, 
and  pronounced,  by  the  most  emi- 
nent philosophers  and  chemists  of 
the  present  day,  to  be  highly  use- 
ful, and  a  truly  scientific  curiosi- 


ty ;*'  and  farther,  "  that  the  advan- 
tage of  the  machines  consists  in  an 
instantaneous  production  of  fire  and 
light,  without  risk  or  danger,  there 
being  no  combustible  substance  em- 
ployed." Fire  and  light  produced 
without  the  employment  of  any 
combustible  substance  !  Excellent 
chemists  !  1  suppose  we  shall  next 
have  them  taking  out  a  patent  for 
transmuting,  not  brass,  but  zcood, 
into  gold. 

The  first  of  these  wonderful  in- 
struments, 1  have  no  hesitation  in 
saying,  is  nothing  more  than  Vol- 
ta's  lamp  disguised  in  a  wooden 
box  ;  an  instrument  as  old  as  the 
writer  of  these  remarks,  and  in- 
vented by  the  celebrated  philoso- 
pher from  whom  it  takes  its  name: 
many,  indeed,  call  it  the  philoso- 
phical plaything  ;    perhaps  not  a 


VI  m:     INS   LIGHT   I!     TXS1A     ■ 


IG1 


\ ery  innppropi iatc  terra.  Tliis  in- 
itrumen(  i.^  better  known  on  (In- 
continent thnn  in  this  country,  tho' 
numbers  huvc  been  made  3  eai 
even  here.  If-uny  gentleman  doubts 
this,  I  can  easilj  satisfy  him  of  the 
factj  if  he  will  call  at  my  hou  ■• 
where  Volta's  lamp,  01  instantane- 
ous light-machine,  maj  be  seen  ; 
lis  construction  fully  cxpluincd,  and 
the  most  indubitable  proof  given  of 
its  having  been  many  years 
made  by  an  artist,  whose  name  was 
ranked  with  those  of  eminence  in 
fi is  day,  and  whose  scientific  papers 
merited  ;i  place  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  Royal  Society:  the  artist  I 
mean,  is  Mr.  Nairne.  The  instru- 
ment thus  constructed,  is  rally  as 

pood    as   the   patent   one,    and   the 

principle  is  the  same. 

To  the  natural  philosopher  it  is 
unnecessary  to  sty  any  thing  on  the 
merits  of  this  machine  ;  but  io  those 
gentlemen  who  have  had  no  oppor- 
tunity of  devoting  their  time  to  sci- 
ence, a  few  remarks,  by  way  of 
caution,   may  not    be  improper. — 


inflammal  emploj  ••'!,'' 

I    would  (ake  the  liberty    i<» 
whether    thej     lia  1     been 

known  to  explode  in  a  terrible  man- 
ner :  and  w  bet  her  lij  di  i><: 
aai  one  of  the  must  inflammable, 
and  one  "I  the  mo  1  dangerous  of 
inflammable 

tliis  ^-.is  in  ili«-  machine  that  is  tired 
liv  the  electi  1  .  w lien  it 

b  •  procured.    I  -  ij  w  ben  it  can  be 

procured  j     for   (hi-   e!,  elrir  d    pb<  - 

noroenon  is  extremely  capriciou 
fact  but   too  w<  II    known  to  all 
turcrs  on  natural  philosophy,  when 
ilny  have  attempts  d  I 
rimental  proofs  ol  Ttion  -. 

Enough  bai  ing  been  said  to  shew 
tliatt!:is  instrument  is  neither  new 
imr  certain  in  its  effects,  J  shall 
proceed  to  make  si. me  remarks oa 
another  instrument  included  in  1!"* 
same  patent,  and  called  w  \n  In- 
stantaneous Fire-cane."  Prom  the 
words  of  tli'-  patent,  it  will  be  sen 
that  this,  as  well  as  the  other,  was 
communicated  by  a  foreigner  (<• 
Mr.  Lorentz,  the  person  who  * 


They  may  be  assured,  then,  that  no  j  out  the  patent  for  the  supposed  in- 


absolute  dependence  can  be  placed 
on  the  machines  producing  tire  "by 
turning  B  key,"  since  the  excita- 
tion, or  electricity,  of  the  electro- 

phorus,  is  very  often  destroyed  in 
n  few  hours  by  the  humidity  of  the 
atmosphere,  or  other  meteorological 

causes ;  so  that  a  person  having 
occasion  for  instantaneous  light  in 
a  moment  of  peril,  may  be  as  often 
disappointed  as  assisted,  and  thus 
be  plunged  into  inextricable  dis- 
tress by  his  credulity. 

And  when  the  patentees  have  the 
boldness  to  assert,    lt  that  there  is 


ventions. 

Now   it    has   been  v. ell   known   1  » 

men  ofsciencc  for  \<;irs.  that  con- 
densation of  air  raises  its  tempera- 
ture, and  that  ihis  may  be  carried 
so  far  as  to  ignite  combustible  sub- 
stances ;   an  experiment   which  has 
been  frequently  exhibited  to  public 
auditories,  as  an  Instrument  appli- 
cable to  this  purpose  I 
in    common   sale.      The    anni  \    I 
figure  represents  that  which  I  have 
usually  made  and  sold  ;   and  1 
•rive  a  brief  description  of  its 
struction.  with  the  mo 


no  danger  in  the  machine,  nor  any    for  the  production  ol  I 


J62       ON  INSTRUMENTS  FOR  rnOCUIUN'C   FIRE  AND  LIGHT,   &C. 


Dcscriptio?i  of  the  I*ijropncumalk 
Apparatus. 

The  cylinder  a,  fig.  1,  is  about 
nine  inches  long,  and  half  an  inch 
in  diameter  :  it  terminates  in  a 
screw  at  b,  on  which  screws  the 
magazine  c,  intended  to  hold  match- 
es, a  bougie,  and  some  fungus.  A 
steel  rod,  a,  is  attached  to  a  solid 
piston,  or  plunger,  not  shewn  in 
the  tigure,  it  being  within  the  tube. 
This  rod  has  a  milled  head,  b  ;  and 
at  g  there  is  a  small  hole  in  the 
tube  to  admit  the  air,  when  the  pis- 
ton is  drawn  up  to  the  top,  where 
a  piece  unscrews,  for  the  purpose 
of  applying  oil  or  grease  to  the 
piston.  I  have  found  lard  to  an- 
swer the  end  best. 

Method  of  using  it. 

Take  from  the  magazine  a  small 
piece  of  fungus,  and  place  it  in  the 
chamber  at  b  :  screw  the  piece  c 
tight  on  n,  and  draw  the  piston  up 
Ivy  the  end  &,  till  it  stops  at  a.  Hold 
the  instrument  with  both  hands  in 
the  manner  represented  in  fig.  2 ; 
place  the  end  b  on  a  table,  or  against 
any  firm  body,  cither  in  a  perpen- 
dicular, horizontal,  or  vertical  di- 
rection, and  force  the  piston  down 
to  b  with  as  much  rapidity  as  pos- 
sible.    This  rapid  compression  of 


(he  air  will  cause  the  fungus  to  take 
fire.  Instantly  after  the  stroke  of 
the  piston,  unscrew  the  magazine 
C,  when  the  air  will  rush  in,  and 
keep  up  the  combustion  till  the  fun- 
gus is  consumed.  Observe,  in  light- 
ing a  match,  the  fungus  must  be 
lifted  up  a  little  from  the  chamber, 
so  as  to  allow  the  match  to  be  in- 
troduced beneath  it,  otherwise  it 
will  not  kindle. 

Here  it  may  be  remarked,  the  in- 
strument thus  constructed,  has  a 
decided  advantage  over  the  fire- 
cane,  where  the  fungus  is  inserted 
at  such  a  depth  as  not  easily  to  be 
got  at :  it  is  only  about  half  the 
price,  and  it  is  very  portable,  so 
that  a  gentleman  may  easily  carry 
it  in  his  pocket,  without  the  in- 
cumbrance of  a  stick,  that  has  more 
resemblance  to  the  club  of  Hercules, 
than  to  a  fashionable  or  ordinary 
walking  stick. 

I  am,  Sin, 
Your  obedient  humble  servant, 
R.  Bancks. 
No.  441,  Strand. 

N.  B.  Common  tinder  might  be 
used  instead  of  the  fungus  ;  and 
various  other  bodies  may  be  ignited 
by  this  apparatus. 


163 


ACCOl  M  OF  A  SEM    I 
TO  THE 

Sin, 

A    QOOD   pedometer,   that  ma> 

l)c  depended  upon  foi  accuracy  ol 
performance,  %%  ill  not  inconveni- 
ence the  wearer,  and  is  pot  liable 
in  be  |>ni  Out  of  ordci .  appears  to 
be  ■  desideratum  to  various  de- 
scriptions of  persons,  cither  as  i 
matter  of  curiosity  «>r  of  real  uti- 
lity. 

Many  0  sportsman,  after  lia\  Wig 
been  out  tor  hours  in  pursuit  of 
game,  would  be  highly  gratified  in 
Know  i n i: ,  with  accuracy  ,  llOW  mncli 

ground  In-  had  actually  traversed. 
To  the  scientific  traveller  it  would 

often  he  an  advantage,  to  know  the 
distance  from  one  place  to  another, 
fa  here  he  cannot  take  an  actual  mea- 
surement -for  w  ant  of  l  ii-.ie  or  proper 

Instruments,  and    has  no  resource 

but  a  random  gUCSS,  or  (lie  time  he 
lias  spent  on  the  road  :  which  nuist 
rieCessafily  be  liable  to  much  un- 
certainty, from  difference  of  ground 
and  occasional  delays. 

Of  the  pleasantness  and  salubrity 
of  the  exercise  of  walking,  there 
can  be  no  question  ;  and  to  all  who 
are  fond  of  it,  a  good  pedometer  is 
ai  least  an  agreeable  companion  : 
but  to  the  valetudinarian  il  :-  more  : 
it  is  ;i;i  important  monitor.  Though 
this  kind  o(  exercise  is  extremely 
salutary  in  nervous  affections  in 
particular,  and  to  convalescents  ii 
requires  regulation,  it  must  not  In' 
any  means  exceed  due  limits:  these 

limits,  it  may  he  said,  con  always 
be  ascertained  by  the  feelings  of  the 
patient,  who  may  desist  from  walk- 
ing the  moment  he  begins  to  he  sen- 
sible of  fatigue  :  but  this  is  not  true, 
-as  I,  a  valetudinarian  myself,  have 
often  found  by  experience.  The 
No.  111.   Vol.  L 


NVBNTED  PEDOMETER. 
EDITOR 

mo  i  elig  ibh-  plo<  <•  for  taking  tht 
exen  i  e  of  walking,  at  \>  a  I  in  a 
medicinal  iriew,  is  in  the  fields :  but 
here  the  exhilarating  effects  of  the 
air  and  situation  entice  the  pedes' 

i  Irian  on,    lill  hi     le'nrii   boll  / 

much  for  his  strength ;  and,  as  no 

Coach    is   at    hand,    he   is   more  4  \- 

hausted  by  mtigue  than  i 

[by  exercise.      Agftrntt  tbil  C  icijni- 

stauce,  the  effects  oi  which  I  have 

felt  severely  more  than  on<v     ,  i 

pedometer    would    be   perhaps    the 

most  effectual  guard. 

I  have  been  led.    Sir.   to  these  re- 
lh  clions,  by  the  in.8pC4  tton  of  a  pe- 

I dometer  invented  by  Mr.  Gout,  for 

;  which  that  gentleman  has  a  patent, 

and  which  has  lately  fallen  in  my 

way.    As  he  Ii  is  an  exclusive  right 

to  it.  a   minute  description  of  its 

mechanism  WOUld    be   sup'  |  ■ 

,  but  it  appears  to  me  to  be  construct- 
ed on  as  simple  and  a  ;.rin- 
ciples  as  such  an  instrument  will 

admit.  It  is  about  the  size  of  a 
large  pocket  watch,  or  rather  more 
than  twO  inches  in  diameter  only, 
worn  like  it  in  Q  fob  :  and  „>  lh«  re 
is  no  chain  to  affix  it  to  any  part, 
and  a  common  watch  i  led  in 

the  sai  .  .'  ers   ike    pur- 

pose  of  a  watch,  and  is  not  ih< 
additional  incumbrance,     lis  i 

of  action  is  by  a    lever,  of  no 

length,  which  is  affixed  to  tht 
of  the  pendant,  am!  moves  with  the 
great  every  time  a  step  is 

taken  with  the  foot  on  that  side  on 
which  ii   is  worn:  a  circle  on  the 
dial-plate  notes   ev<  ry  step  .  i 
is  ten  :  another  do  steps 

as  far  as  a  hundred  ;  and  a  third 
Dotes  every  hundl  -  as  far  as 

I  ten  thousand.     The  wheel-work  9 


164 


PROJECTED    SPANISH    EMIGRATION'. 


very  simple,  and  so  contrived,  that 
the  hands  may  be  set  to  °  with  as 
little  trouble  as  a  watch  is  set  to  any 
'given  hour ;  so  that,  when  you  have 
reached  the  end  of  your  walk,  or 
arc  in  any  part  of  it,  you  can  tell  at 
once  the  number  of  paces  you  have 
gone,  "without  the  trouble  of  sub- 
tracting 

An  objection  has  been  made  to 
pedometers,  which  militates  equally 
against  every  contrivance  of  the 
sort,  however  perfect  in  its  con- 
struction. This  it  is  proper  to  no- 
tice, as  it  has  had  great  weight  with 
many  to  decline  their  use,  though 
in  fact  it  is  of  trifling  import.  Jt 
has  been  said,  a  pedometer  must 
be  of  no  utility,  because  different 
people  walk  at  very  different  rates. 
They  do  so;  but  the  intention  of 
the  instrument  is  to  measure  dis- 
stanccs,  not  directly,  but  indirectly, 
by  the  number  of  steps  taken.  Thus, 
one  person  may  make  a  thousand 
and  fifty  paces  in  the  distance  of  a 


mile,  at  his  common  rate  o£  walk- 
ing: another  may  make  twelve  hun- 
dred,   and  a  third  may  not   make 
above  a  thousand.    This  each  must 
ascertain  for  himself;  which,  when 
once  done,  he  will  easily  compute 
the  distance  walked,  as  the  instru- 
ment registers  with   accuracy  the 
number  of  paces   taken.      It    ha? 
been  further  said,  that  no  man  walks 
!  at  all  times  alike:   this  is  in  some 
1  respects  true,  particularly  when  a 
j  man  is  in   company   with   others  ; 
;  but  I  believe  it  will  be  found  to  be 
i  the  fact,    that  a  man,  from  mere 
,  habit,  will  walk  pretty  nearly    at 
an  average  rale,  especially  for  any 
distance;  and  any  one  who  wishes 
to  measure  ground  with  some  nicety 
by  the  instrument,  a  little  practice 
will  enable  to  do  so  with  far  greater 
accuracy   than  most  people  would 
suppose. 

I  am,  Sir, 
Your  very  obedient  servant, 
Teciinophilos. 


TO  THE  EDITOR  OF  THE  REPOSITORY,   &c. 


Sir, 

The  interest  which  the  British 
nation  in  general  has  taken  in  the 
contest  so  nobly  maintained  by  the 
Spaniards  against  the  infamous  ag- 
gressions of  Bonaparte,  will  natu- 
rally make  it  solicitous  respecting 
the  final  result ;  and  however  car- 
nest  its  wishes  may  be  for  their  suc-i 
cess,  yet  recent  events  catmotbul; 
impress  upon  the  minds  of  those 
who  reflect,  the  fears  that  he  may 
in  the  end  triumph  over  all  the  ob- 
stacles which  a  brave  and  loyal 
people  can  throw  in  his  way. 

It  may  then  become  an  enquiry; 
of  the  greatest  moment,  iu  what 


way  to  dispose  of  those  who,  rather 
than  reside  under  the  sway  of  an 
usurper,  chusc  to  quit  their  coun- 
try, and  doubtless  there  will  be 
many  of  this  description.  To  con- 
vey them  to  South  America,  may, 
from  t ho  length  of  the  voyage  and 
other  circumstances,  be  impracti- 
cable ;  but  it  perhaps  may  be  pas- 
sible to  point  out  countries  which, 
af  the  same  time  that  they  might 
afford  them  an  asylum,  avouUI  pro- 
cure Britain  allies  and  advantages  of 
i lie  greatest  importance  to  her  fu- 
ture interests. 

It  is  evident  that  new  settlers  will 
require  new  habitations,  food,  and 


Min.ii      :ii)      :\M^li    /.MlGTlATlox, 


I  .  > 


^lolhin'f  and  they  must  eithci  take 

With  them  a  siiHi'  k-im  \  of  (lie  Ittii 
last,  or  depend  upon  im  pt  »i  (ut  i«>ns 
tor  the  in  sii])|il\  . 

To  do  this,  J.ol  only  requires 
time,  hul  is  attended  Willi  .111  im- 
mense ex  peace,    if  t  n*-  number  (<> 

he    pros  kled    for    is    great  :    .tncJ    in 

this  instance,  of  a  people  quitting 
their  country,  the  number  cannot 
he  asonrtakicd-i  ol  themselves^  the} 

(  im  not    he   supposed    to     have    the 

means,  .ind  must  therefore  depend 
upon  their  friends.  Ji  becomes, 
then,   ;i   consideration    of  no  little 

moment  wheiefo  place  ihcm,  so  B8 
to  oh\ iate  these  difficulties.  The 
situation,  climate,  and  produce  of 
the  Delia  and  the  Crimea,  seem  pe- 
culiarly adapted  to  receive  tiiein. 
The  Delta    produces,    with   little  or 

no  cultivation,  grata  and  units  of 
all  kinds  necessary  for  the  suste- 
nance of  man  ;  and  a  small  portion 
of  labour  cultivates  a  large  tract  of 
ground. 

Habitations,  where  little  or  no 
rain  falls,  are  easily  erected,  and 
clothing  is  not  the  greatest  Of  hu- 
man wanis-  The  Spaniards,  habi- 
luated  to  a  warm  climate,  would  i 
not  find  themselves  incommoded  by 
a  heat  that  scarcely  exceeds  that  of 
the  northern  provinces  of  their  own 
kingdom  more  than  two  or  three 
degrees,  except  at  the  period  oftbe 

scirocco,  and  then  for  only  a  feu 
hours.     Indolence,  to  which,  as  in 

common  with  all  the  natives  of  hot 
climates,  they  are  more  or  loss  in- 
clined, would  here  still  meet  with 
its  usual  indulgence.      Pood  could 


afford  pasture  for  their  favourite 
sheep,  and  probably  increase  the 
pioduee  of  llj.it  vahiabh-  animal. 
\s  a  place  ol  residence,  therefore, 
for  the  Spaniard*;,  j,,  ||w.  eVOJBt  of 
their     abandoning     t!i 

Egypt  appease  to  hold  out  in  '■ 

ineuts    not    possessed  by   any   oilier, 
«\<  cp(  the  Crimea,    the    pnad 
ancient  (.reece.      The    prod*  lions 

of  this  country  and  iK  climate  aft 
also  Millar  to  those  <»i  Spain  :  he- 
sides  which,   it  eii|o\  1  manj   other 

advantages  all  conducive  to  the 
comforts  of  its  inhabitants.     ( lonsj- 

dered  in  a  political  point  of  view, 
they  both  possess  advantages  tint 
cannot  lie  01  i'i  loo\ej.  e\  m  b\  l  he 
most  superficial  o!)>,T\<r.  Egypt, 
colonized  by  the  fi  ic;i.!>  of  ( ,ieat 
Britain,  would  form  an  impenetra- 
ble   barrier  to   tin-  hi, -in  h   in    their 

toMgwprojcctod  invasion  of  our  EafC 

Indian  territories  j  and  would,  at 
t!ie  same  time,  afford  an  opining 
for  the  di-  poSBJ  of  a  great  quantity 
of  our  manufactures:  in  e.\<  haSkje 
for  which  they  would  give  us  s.if- 
(lovver,  imtron,  rice,  dates,  cotton, 
coffee,  drugs,  Mc 

The  occupation  of  Egypt  would 
naturally  be  followed  by  that  of  the 
islands  of  Cyprus,  Crete,  Who 

SVR*  all  productive,  nlabltOUS,  and 

easily  defensible  :  offering  not  only 
the  productions  of  warmer  climali  -. 
but  also  inexhaustible  forests  of 
valuable  timber. 

The   Crimea,  and    the  coasts   of 
the  Klack  Sea,   present  also,    1 
pendenUy  of  their  pa  \  due, 

Bourc  is  ■<(  comnn  1 


l>e  readily  obtained)   the  produc-     consideration  to  Great  Britain,  as  a 


tions  of  their  native  clime  all  flou- 
rish here  with,  perhaps,    incn 
luxuriance  :   and  the  rich  and  pro- 
ductive plains  of  the  Delta  would 


point  from  which  hci  mauufai 

with  ease 
all  Persia,  Georgia,  I 

which  would  return  rawailk,  dru^*, 
Y  2 


166 


PnOJrCTHD    PPAXISH    EMIGRATION-. 


At.  ;  and,  above  all,  as  affording  ! 
the  best  ship  timber  perhaps  in  the 
•world,    with   the  easiest    means  of' 
obtaining  it,  together  with  all  the 
other  requisites  for  forming  a  navy,  j 
To  this  may   be  added,  the  finest 
corn  in  the  -world,  and  in  the  great-  ' 
est  abundance.   In  the  event,  there-  j 
fore,  of  these  two  countries  being  j 
occupied  by  the  Spaniards,  Great 
Britain  might  find  it  her  interest  to 
declare  Malta  a  free  port,  and  make 
it  a  general  dcp6t  for  her  manufac- 
tures.    The  productions  of  Egypt, 
the  Levant,  Crimea,  and  the  Black 
Sea,  would  then  be  brought  thither 
to  barter  and  form  a  mart  of  the 
greatest  consequence :    she  would 
also,  from  the  facility  of  procuring 
the  requisites  of  forming  a  navy, 
find  it  her  interest  to  establish,  in 
that  island,    dock -yards   for   the 
building  of  ships  of  war,  the  cost  of 
which  would  probably  not  exceed 
one  half  of  the  present  expence. 

Another  consideration  of  import- 
ance is,  that  the  adoption  of  this 
measure  would  prevent  France  from 
procuring  the  necessary  supplies 
for  her  dock-yards  at  Toulon,  ex- 
cept at  an  enormous  expence,  and 
at  a  very  great  distance.  J  would 
also  propose  that  corn  should  be 
stored  in  Malta,  where  it  would 
keep  good  for  any  number  of  years, 
and  prove  of  particular  utility  to 
Britain  in  a  time  of  scarcity.  The 
local  advantages  of  the  Crimea  arc 
many  :  it  possesses  one  of  the  most 
productive  gold  mines  of  the  old 
•  world,  called  Tehedia  Dagua,  and 
v,  hich  v>as  worked  by  the  Genoese 
rvhrii  they  were  masters  of  the  coun- 
try'. Ks  fields  produce  spontane- 
ously, asparagus,  grapes,  melons, 
walnuts,  and  filberts  of  remarkable 
?L/,e.    Seasons  gradually  succeeding 


each  other,  unite  with  the  e:tee"V 
lence  of  the  soil  to  favour  the  most 
luxuriant  vegetation.  The  soil  con- 
sists of  a  black  virgin  mould,  mixed 
with  sand,  and  the  heat  of  the  sun 
brings  to  perfection  all  sorts  of 
grain  with  very  little  cultivation. 

The  Crimea  seems  to  be  the  na- 
tive country  of  quails,  which,  to- 
wards the  end  of  August,  collect, 
and  making  choice  of  one  of  those 
serene  days  when  the  northerly 
wind,  blowing  at  sunset,  promises 
a  fine  night,  begin  their  flight, 
and  complete  their  passage  by  day- 
break to  the  northern  shores  of  the 
Black  Sea.  They  thence  proceed  into 
a  warmer  elimate ;  and,  in  their  pro- 
gress, afford  food  for  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  countries  through  which 
they  pass,  who  take  them  in  nets  in 
large  quantities. 

Caini,  a  large  and  sale  harbour, 
is  situated   in    the    most   northern 
part  of  the  Crimea,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Black  Sea  with  the  Sea  of 
Asoph.     This  port,  besides  its  ex- 
tent and  security,  is  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood   of  vast   forests,    which 
Would   furnish   excellent  ship  tim- 
ber.    Many  other  safe  and  commo- 
dious harbours  arc  situated  upon 
its  shores,  and  the  general  face  of 
the    country,    except   towards   tlie 
isthmus,  is  beautiful  and  produc- 
tive.    Jn  the   event,  therefore,   of 
Bonaparte  obtaining  complete  pos- 
session of  Spain,  I  think  the  ad- 
vantages that  would  arise  to  Great 
Britain  from  having  these  two  coun- 
tries, or  one  of  them,  occupied  by 
her  friends,    is  so  apparent  as  t* 
render  it  a  matter  of  serious  consi- 
deration whether  preparations  for 
that  event  should  not  be  immedi- 
ately   made    by   our    ministers.-"* 
Egypt  would,    without  dillicnlty, 


puiTo&r,  m  .\  m  i  At  1 1  ki  ,  am.  rftoriBTiM  ui   ivqaa.      167 


receive  the  emigrant*,  if,  In  the 
fust  instance,  protected  by  ■  Mri- 
ti.h  force  ;  iind  flit-  Cl  imij.  if  pre- 
ferred,   would    mOit    probably    r.  n  - 

sjei  t lie  Turks  our  real  aud  firm 


friend*,   inaamiM  li  ai  the 
Lion  ui  it  in  ili.it  v> . i v  would  plant 
.i  barrier   between   then    and   Hie 
Russians,  to  whom  n  now  beloi 


HISTORY,  MANUFACTURE,  AND  PROPERTIES  OF  SUGAR, 


II  \  \  i  so  in  our  preceding  num- 
bers introduced  some  communica- 
tions relative  to  the  bistorj  and  mode 
of  prepai  ing  coffee,  om  readers  « ill 
not  think  u  few  particulars  respect- 
ing its  usual  concomitant,  *HeTarj  '"" 
appropriate. 

The  ancients  were  incontestiblj 
acquainted  w  itli  die  sugar-cane,  ami 
the  sweet  juice  which  it  yields  j  for 
Strabo  observes,  that  in  India,  the 
cane  produces  honey  without  bees. 
Plihy  informs  us  thill  Arabia  \  iclds 
sugar,  but  of  inferior  qualit j  to  that 
ef  India.  Lu can  also  mentions  it 
as  a  juice,  and  says, 

Biirant  tenerA  dulcet  abarandiBC  stucos. 

\  ar.ro likewise  tells  usrthata  juice 
resembling  honey  is  expressed  from 
the  roots  of  the  Indian  eane.  The 
fust  writer,  however,  who  makes 
mention  of  sugar,  is  Dioscorides, 
who  describes  it  as  concrete  honey., 
prepared  from  certain  canes  in  In- 
dia, ami  breaks  to  pieces  between 
the  teeth  like  s;dt.  We  may  there- 
ton-  safely  conclude,  that  this  tirst 
sugar  was  nothing  but  the  juice 
Which  had  eviuled  from  the  canes, 
anil  W&fi  drieil  by  the  sun  to  the 
consistence  of  a  gum.  Neverthe- 
less, no  much  is  certain  that  the  ex- 
traction ot'  sugar  from  the  cane  in 
the  manner  in  which  it  is  now  prac- 
tised, is  a  modern  invention,  and 
was  w  holly  unknown  to  the  ancients, 
its  Saumai&e  has  demonstrated. 

There  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  I 


sugar-ram-  ru  introduced  into  I     - 

rope  during  the  crusadi  - .-  exp 
tions  which,  however  romantic  in 
their  plan,  and  unsuccessful  in  the  it 
execution,  were  productive  of  many 
advantages  to  the  nations  ol  Europe. 

Albertns  Aqucnjis,  a  monkish  wri- 
ter, observes,  that  ihe  Christian  M,l- 

diers  in  the  Hob,  Land  frequently 
derived  refreshment  and  support 
during  a  scarcity  of  provisions,  by 
sucking  the  canes.  This  plant  flou- 
rished also  in  the  Aforea,  and  in  the 
islands  of  Rhodes  and   Malta, 

which  ii  was  transported  to  Sicily 
and  Spain.  Jn  Sicily,  where  the 
sugar-cane  still  flourishes  on  th* 
sides  ot  Mount  Hfybla,  it  appears  to 
have   been  cultivated  previous   to 

:    for  LafitaU,    the  Jesuit.   . 
wrote  a  hi.story  of  the  , 
the  Portuguese,  meuti      • 
made  iu  that  year  to  the  mon   s:,  l  Y 
of  St.  Benedict,    by    William   If. 
king  of  Sicily,  of  a  ra  i  iud- 

ing  sugar-canes,   with  all   . 
and  appurtenan 

Though  the   dal  I  inven- 

tion cannot  now  be  ascertained,  yet 
we  know,  that  for  many  centuri 
little  sugar  was  made,  thai  it  cannot 
be  considered  Lcle  ot  com- 

merce, till  the  Spani  u  Por- 

luguese  made  themselves  masters  of 
this  art,  and  transplanted  it  to  Ma- 
deira and  the  YVestlndi  s.  Madeira 
received  its  aameirom  its  impenetra- 
ble lort>ts.      These  oein^  burned  by 


168      ni«Tonr.  -viAxrrArTrTiF,  and  rnoprcnTtr:*:  or  srr.An. 


accident,  the  Portuguese  planted 
the  island  with  vinos  and  sugar- 
cancs,  which  they  brought  from 
Malvasia  and  Sicily. 

Among  the  articles  which  Colum- 
bus carried  out  to  the  colonies  of 
the  New  Worldwas  the  sugar-cane : 
nevertheless,  we  are  told  that  it  was 
first  conveyed  to  Hispaniola  from 
the  Canary  Islands,  by  Agtiiltdif,  a 
Spaniard,  in  150G.  Some  assert,  that 
it  grew  in  America  long  before  it 
was  employed  for  making  sugar. 
Thus  it  was  found  in  abundance,  in  | 
1555,  nearBahiaini!rasil;  and  even 
of  late  years,  the  Portuguese  have 
been  supplied  with  canes  by  the  sa- 
Tages  of  that  country,  to  stock  new 
plantations. 

About  the  year  15S0,  the  culti- 
vation of  the  sugar-cane  was  gene- 
ral in  the  West  Indies,  and  the  use 
of  su<rar  i^rew  very  common  all  over 
Europe.  Previously  to  that  period, 
it  was  much  used  in  Germany  and 
Sweden .  The  art  of  refining  it  was 
taught  the  English  chiefly  by  Ger- 
mans; and  indeed,  even  at  the  pre- 
sent day,  almost  all  the  men  em- 
ployed in  sugar-houses  in  London, 
and  called  sugar-bakers,  belong  to 
that  nation. 

As  early  as  the  reign  of  Edward 
IV.  who  died  in  I  IS.'J.  sweet- meats, 
in  the  language  of  that  day  call  sut- 
telties,  were  served  up  by  way  of 
dessert  at  the  cnthronizat ion  of  the 
Archbishop  George  Neville.  They 
not  only  represented  dolphins  and 
other  animals,  but  whole  hosts  of 
saints,  prophets,  patriarchs,  and  an- 
gels appeared  on  the  table  in  honour 
of  the  day,  as  sutt cities  of  sugar. 
That  article,  however,  was  still  too 
rare  and  too  costly  to  be  generally 
employed  for  culinary  purposes. 
It  was  only  used  at  table,  for  sprink- 


ling certain  dishes,  and  sweetening 
wine.  N>  late  as  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury it  was  classed  among  the  spi- 
ces. The  Turks  at  an  early  period 
used  an  amazing  quantity  of  sugar 
with  their  sherbet  ;  and  though 
they  might  not  at  that  time  have  re- 
ceived the  whole  of  it  from  the 
West  Indies,  they  could  with  great- 
er facility  procure  it  from  the  East, 
from  Bengal,  the  native  country  of 
the  sugar-cane. 

Various  substances  have  at  differ- 
ent periods,  and  in  different  coun- 
tries, been  employed  for  the  same 
pii  rposes  as  sugar. — The  sweet  plea- 
sant juice  which  distils  from  a  spe- 
cies of  cocoa-tree  when  the  blossoms 
are  cut  oft',  is  baked  by  means  of  hot 
stones,  till  it  assumes  the  consist- 
ence of  honey  ;  and  at  length,  by 
repeating  this  process,  it  is  converted 
into  a  kind  of  sugar.  The  saguer 
palm  yields  black  sugar,  and  the 
jagara  red.  The  juice  of  the  grape, 
boiled  to  the  thickness  of  honey,  is 
called  by  the  Turks  pelmrs,  and  by 
thePktsfansidUschap.  Both  kinds  are 
very  commonly  used  in  the  East; 
but  the  latter  is  a  mixture  of  the  sy- 
rup of  grapes  with  cream  or  butter. 
Of  this  grape-syrup,  which  is  the 
honey  that  we  are  told  Jacob's  sons 
took  with  them  to  Mgypf ,  many  ca- 
mel loads  are  still  carried  annually 
from  Palestine  to  that  country,  in 
Mexico  and  New  .Spain,  a  juice  is 
obtained  from  the  American  aloe, 
by  cutting  or  breaking  oll'ibe  leaves 
near  the  root,  from  which  honey, 
and  by  a  further  process,  sugar,  may 
also  be  manufactured.  In  Arabia, 
the  natives  make  from  all  the  species 
of  (kites,  what  they  term  dibs  or 
date-h«ney,  which  is  eaten  with 
bread.  In  Canada,  a  similar  syrup 
is  extracted  Irani  the  maple,     fnci} 


MA  M    I    U    I  I  I    It  i  N    *     '  I6d 

smris  are  made  intlietrunk-ofthet  I  into  <    bjdi  ide,  I   i <!  <») 

cam  -     h'hI    ail  i.it'» 

v.  Iiii<  .  01  refined  and  doubli 

ilif- 

f.-n  i.l  v.:ty  |  ni  :  tic  pr<  p  i  •'  «  o£ 
\ari<n    ;n  f  n  lei  Ol    food,  it  ma y  not 

he  inn             ibjoin  1 1'  v.  weed  n  - 

ipecting  the  properties  which  thai 
beat-informed   phj  ticiaa  -   lia  1 1 

!  to  ii  :  though  ontbia  , 

II    M  on  loo    n  1  < i   .  .    tiio 

•  i < -.i i .  •  i  discordance >>i  opinion  pn> 

Sn^ar   promotes  digestioo,       I 
clears  (he  stomach  and  Lnteatineaotf 
i afters  and  other  crudities. 
!:  expels  worms,  ami  by  preventing 
I  he  secretion  ol  parth  lea  from 

the  blood,  it  checks  a  disp  tsition  (<> 
oorpumnoe.  h  acts  as  a  geal  I  as* 
fie,  and  cleanses  wounds  irheo  it  is 
finely  pulverized  and  sprinkled  np- 


the  juice  which  de.<  diem 

is  received  m  vr*  i*l»  placed  fol  lli« 
I > 1 1 1  puse,  :ii.'|  boiled  Ui  ih<-  <  onaist- 

riiee   of   BJ  I  Up.       I'iumi    ill'     •  v  rup, 

sugar  w  made  in  such  abundance  in 
North  America,  tfint  consideiabk 
quantities  of  ii  are  ei  ported  i<>  I hi- 

ropc.  \n  \  ei-vlable,  however,  dial 
W6  >.ihi\\   of,    lias  \el  hecii  found    U) 

yield  Basrai  bo  neuely  resembling 
dial  of  the  <  ane  in  overj  respect,  as 
Hie  beet-root.  Tins  Ii  is  been  demon- 
strated  by  the  experiments  of 
Achard,  a  celebrated  German  che- 
misi :  but  we  are  of  opinion  that  the 
heavy  expence attending  the  process 
of  manufacturing  sugar  from  Flint 
substance,  will  prevent  it  from  ever 
being  of  general  utility. 

The  method   of  making  bu 
from  the  sugar-cane,    is  as  follows: 


The  juice  is  expressed  by  means  ol      on  them  J    and  in  the  same  -tale,    if 


rollers,,  in  mills  constructed  lor  the 

purpose,  and  received  into  a  leaden 
bed,    whence  i(    is  conveyed    into  a 

vessel  called  tin"  receivi  r.  .\s  the 
juice  has  a  strong  disposition  !->  fer- 
nieulation,  if  must  be  boiled  within 
twenty-four  hours.  This cuperat ion 
is  performed  in  coppers,  out  of 
which  the  liquor  is  removed  into 
shallow  wooden  vest  died  cool- 

<  re.  As  the  liquor  cools,  the  sugar 
grains,  thai  is,  collects  into  an  ir- 
regular mass  of  imperfect  cjrysl  rls, 
separating  itself  from  the  molasses 
or  treacle.  The  contents  of  the  cool- 
er are  then  put  into  hogsheads,  the 
bottoms  of  which  are  pierced  with 
ci^ht  or  ton  holes,  to  allow  the  mo- 
lasses to  drain  oil'  into  a  cistern  be- 
neath. The  sugar  after  ih.'s  opera- 
tion becomes  pretty  fair,  and  is  call- 
ed muscovado,  or  raw  sugar.  By 
means  of  repeated  solution,  boiling, 


blown  into  the  eye,  it  removes 
specks  and  film  from  that  organ. 
Bui  by  far  the  most  important  pro- 
d  by  SUgar,  is  the  an- 
tiseptic quality,  which  is  particular- 
ly manifested  in  the  pi  D  of 

animal  and  \  ces, 

and  Which  mus!  render  it  extremely 
serviceable  in  correcting  the  tenden- 
cy to  putrefaction,  inherent  in  the 
juices  of  the  human  bod  v. 

Previously  to  the  measures  recent- 
ly adopted  by  the  pres  ;nt  ruler  of 
Prance  for  the  purpose  of  destroy- 
ing the  commerce  of  Britain,  this 
country  supplied  the  g  p-irt 

of  continental  Europe  with  si 
The  prohibition  of  the  introduction 
ofBritish  commodities  into  the  porta 
of  every  country  under  French  con- 
troul,  or  influence,  occasioned  our 
markets  io  be  o ver-stocked  with  co- 
lonial  produce,  to  the  no  small  em- 


skimmingi  &c.  this  is,  iii^t  convert-  fl  barrassment  of  the   proprietors  of 


170     FASHIONS    OF    THE    PBBBBXl    AND    PAST    TIMKfl    COMPARE*. 


West  India  estates.  At  the  same 
time,  there  was  every  reason  to  ap- 
prehend, that  Ave  should  be  cut  oil 
from  those  supplies  of  corn,  which, 
of  late  years,  Great  Britain  has  re- 
ceived from  foreign  countries,  to  the 
amount  of  one  eighth  of  her  annual  f 
consumption.  The  legislature  hav- 
ing taken  these  circumstances  into 
consideration,  wisely  resolved  to  af- 
ford some  relief  to  the  West  India 
planters,  by  authorizing  the  use  of 
sugar  and  molasses  in  the  breweries 
and  distilleries,  and  prohibiting  that 


of  corn  in  the  latter.  This  substi- 
tution has  consequently  permitted 
large  quantities  of  grain  before  con- 
sumed in  those  establishments  to  be 
applied  to  other  purposes,  and 
obviated  the  necessity  of  importing 
to  an  equal  amount  ;  while,  on  the 
other  hand,  it  has  produced  a  con- 
siderable rise  in  sugars,  and  thus  in 
this  respect  also,  accomplished  the 
end  for  which  it  was  designed. 

Subjoined  is  a  statement  of  sugar 
in  the  warehouses  on  the  1st  of 
February,  1809: 


17,776  hlids.  11,596  trs.  1,830  bis.  and  9,585  chests  of  sugar. 


FASHIONS  OF  THE  PRESENT  AND  PAST  TIMES  COMPARED, 


TO  THE  EDITOR. 


Sin, 

Permit  an  amateur  of  the  fine 
arts,  to  offer  his  tribute  of  admira- 
tion at  the  superior  taste  and  sci- 
ence with  which  that  department  of 
the  Repository  devoted  to  the  ex- 
isting costume,  is  executed. 

It  is  in  the  contemplation  of  ideal 
beauty,  that  our  taste  improves  and 
refines ;  and  although  we  cannot 
form  a  conception  of  the  perfection 
of  the  mtde,  beyond  what  the  cold 
contours  of  the  sculptured  Apollos 
and  Venuses  convey  to  us  (for  with 
these  the  most  perfect  living  human 
form  cannot  stand  the  test  of  compa- 
rison) ;  yet  a  beautiful  female  figure, 
set  off  in  an  elegant  dress,  which 
conceals  blemishes,  and  displays 
only  attractions,  by  giving  a  full 
scope  to  the  busy  power  of  the  ima- 
gination, leaves  us  nothing  more 
beautiful  to  admire  or  wish  for. 

The  present  revolution  in  female 


dress,  is  not  of  long  date  ;  it  is  de* 
rived  immediately  from  our  hostile 
neighbours,  who,  having  laid  all 
Europe  under  contribution  (with  the 
exception  of  the  British  Isles),  made 
a  judicious  selection,  and  a  truly 
scientific  arrangement  of  all  the  pre- 
cious relics  of  antiquity,  and  then 
threw  open  the  superb  collection  for 
the  inspection  of  the  public.  A 
people  less  acute  and  sensible  than 
the  French,  could  not  fail  of  improv- 
ing their  taste  by  the  frequent  ex- 
amination of  such  treasures  ;  but 
our  lively  neighbours  fancied  that 
they  could  improve  even  on  perfec- 
tion. The  exposure  of  a  fine  arm 
in  some  of  the  draped  statues,  led 
them  to  suppose  that  the  Grecian 
belles  always  exposed  their  arms 
and  shoulders,  which  was  by  no 
means  the  case.  A  Grecian  lady 
sometimes  suffered  her  right  arm  to 
escape  from  its  cincture,  uhich  wM 


FASHION';    OF   Tin     i!  i     fl  COMPAfiEB.      l~l 


formed  of  tlic  i  leere,  oi  rather  fold 
of  i  lie  tunic,  and  confined  ju  tbeio* 
the  shouldei  bj  the  fibula  or  clasp  ; 
but  this  wiis  done  occasionally,  and 
in  private  only j  as  when  playin 

till-    l\IC 

By  rbtlotrirfg  the  Btyle  of  dress, 
nud  the  arrangement  <>f  drapery  In 
these  fine  remains  of  antiquity,  the 
present  taste  lias  happily  emanci- 
pated the  ladies  from  all  the  ridicu- 
lous lumber  of  the  late  fashions; 
from  systems  and  powder,  whale- 
bone and  cork,  flounces  and  furbe- 
lows, and  pockets  and  pincushions  ; 

and  our  British   fair,  reverting  to 

(heir  unlive  good  sense,    begin  also 

to  perceive,  that  it  is  quite  natural 
to  cover  bosoms,  shoulders,  and  el- 
bows, in  cold  weather. 

It  is  surprising,  during  the  frenzy 
of  revolutionising,  that  the  French, 
with  the  Brutuses  and  Catos  con- 
stantly before  them,  made  no  efforts 
to  effect  a  similar  revolution  in  the 
male  costume.  The  dress  ofthemen, 
among  the  ancients,  when  the  pal' 
Itirm,  or  Grecian  cloak,  and  the  I 
or  Roman  robe,  were  put  oil",  differ- 
ed in  nothing  from  that  of  the  wo- 
men, except  that  the  tunics  or  inner 
garments  were  shorter.  How  ridi- 
culous would  a  Paris,  an  Alcibiades, 
or  a  Cicero  in  the  act  of  pleading, 
appear,  even  in  idea,  braced  and 
bandaged  up  to  the  ears  in  buck- 
ram and  buckskin?  Indeed,  our 
Gothic  apparel  is  so  absurd,  unbe- 
coming, and  inconvenient,  imped- 
ing the  circulation  and  con 
the  joints  by  ligatures  and  com- 
presses, that  our  painters  and  sculp- 
tors do  not  dare  to  represent  a  mo- 
dem hero  in  his  modern  clothe 
if  the  former  do  so,  they  generally 
strip  him  to  his  shirt,  or  conceal  his 
awkward  skirts  in  a  robe.     The  fat 

Ac.  111.  Vol  J. 


ovel, 

which  rcpo    -  in  \\    itin .,      i 
be) ,  has  bc<  n  transmitted  by   I' 
to  the  1 1  licule "i  all  p 
his   tull  -  bottomed   p  i  bo  e 

"  Eternal  buck.li  i  ir»v<  in  P  u  • 

I  have  been  led  into  thi  ' 
lion,  by  having  met,  En  an  old  and 
scarce  book,  an  account  of  the  . 
of  our  ancestors,  during  the  gloomy 
period  of  the  commonwealth.  I  sub- 
join the  extract  ;  by  which  it  ap- 
pears, thai  the  fashions  were  then  to 
the  full  as  capricious,  and  infii  . 

more  ridiculous,  than  they  aie  at 
present. 

*•  Men  (exclaims  my  authoi 
become  absolute  ap  a !  ( >ne  • 
in  a  narrow-brimmed  hat,  and  a  long 
waist,  his   bi 
boots    with    boo;  - 
great  gingling  spurs  ;  their  feci  us 
long  as  their  legs,  or  at 
again  as  their  foot  natural!   . 
ihe  years  1645  and  1646.     In  1648 
and  1019,  a  broad-brimmed  hat, and 
no  other  mu>'  eches 

must  be  hum-,  even  down  to  our  an- 
cles; bio's   wiih   tops  trailing  on 
the  ground,   little  spurs   tint  musf 
not   gingle  in  the  least.     In    : 
and    !().")! ,     we    twin!  horf 

breeches  again.  In  1652,  and  the 
at  year,  r65S,  we  think  it  ridi- 
culous to  wear  boots,  butaltogether 
shoes  <\u{\  stockings,  turning  down 
with  a  top,  as  the  French  lakies  have 

US(  d  to  i^o  tin  se  many  \  e  ir^.      One 

while  we   have   two  long   curling 

locks  on  b  tli   e   '■  -  :  heads  : 

anon  all  the  whole  side  must  be 
of  a  length,  and  short  behinde. 
Thus  verify ir  rb:  — 

That  ice   1  • 

••  ft  were  vain  in  me  thus  to  recite 


jir.rRospncT  or  politics. 


the  several  alterations  and  imita- 
tions in  the  garbs  of  women,  since 
every  day  produceth  a  new  toy  ; 
wherefore  I  shall  only  name  sonic 
of  tin  ir  darling  trifles,  viz.  their 
embroidered,  curled,  and  powder- 
ed hair;  their  washings,  paintings, 
Maters,  and  pomatees  to  their  laces ; 
and  when  they  have  done  all,  their 
several  sorts  of  patches,  half-moons, 
stars,  round,  trianglcd,  quadran- 
gled, pointed,  little, great,  long, and 
short:  vainly  and  foolishly  hereby 
imagining  to  make  themselves  hand- 
somer than  Ci'od  has  created  them, 
or  is  willing  they  should  be  ;  and 
choosing  rather  to  please  them- 
selves than  him.  Nay,  though  i' 
be  to  the  displeasing  of  him,  they 
must  and  will  do  it :  what  care  they? 
their  face  is  their  god,  they  look  no 
further,  they  believe  no  other,  they 
care  for  no  more  !" 

Fifty   years   after,   fashions   be- 
came more  gaudy  and  cumbersome, 


but  not  more  cleanly  ;  as  appears 
from  Swift's  "  Description  of  a 
Lady's  Dressing-room.'1''  The  uni- 
versal applause  w  hich  this  poem  re- 
ceived, is  of  itself  a  proof,  however 
just  and  lively  the  satire,  of  the 
coarseness  of  the  prevailing  taste  ; 
like  some  of  the  satires  of  Juvenal, 
it  was  written  with  the  best  inten- 
tions, and  no  doubt  contributed  to 
effect  a  reform.  Uut  to  the  credit 
of  the  present  day,  the  remedy 
would  now  be  too  disgusting  to  be 
endured. 

The  deterioration  of  the  species  of 
which  Horace  complains,  might  be 
made  applicable  to  ourselves  by  a 
morose  moralist ;  but  the  reverse  is 
perhaps  true  of  our  manners  and 
taste : 

/Ltas  paicntum,  pejor  avis,  tulit 
>'os  nequiores. — 

Hor.  c.  vi.  1.  3 

1  am,  &c. 


RETROSPECT  OF  POLITICS. 


In  our  last  number,  the  retro- 
spect of  politics  went  no  further  than 
the  time  when  it  was  known  in  Eng- 
land, that  the  British  army  under 
Sir  John  Moore  had  commenced  its 
retreat.  We  are  sure  that  all  our 
readers  can  easily  recal  to  their  re- 
collection the  pleasing  hopes  which 
they  indulged,  when  they  heard  of 
the  movement  of  Sir  John  Moore 
against  Marshal  Soult,  and  of  the 
junction. formed  between  the  armies 
of  Sir  John  Moore,  Sir  David  Baird, 
and  General  Romana.  Relying 
much  upon  the  military  talents  of 
these  generals,  on  the  number  and 
bravery  of  the  united  army  under 
their  command,  and  on  the  just  and 


glorious  cause  which  was  then  at  is- 
sue, we  felt,  in  common  with  all 
our  countrymen,  a  strong  wish  and 
confident  expectation  that  this  army 
of  Marshal  Soult  would  have  been 
attacked  and  defeated,  and  that  the 
British  army  would  have  thus  made 
a  powerful  diversion  in  aid  of  the 
cause  of  Spain,  and  of  the  civilized 
world.  Our  hopes  were,  however, 
disappointed  ;  and  in  our  la^t  num- 
ber we  stated  with  sincere  affliction, 
that  the  British  army,  which,  after  a 
long  march,  had  come  so  close  to  the 
enemy  against  whom  they  advanc- 
ed ,  that  their  out  posts  w  ere  absolute- 
ly touching  those  of  Soult's  army, 
thought    it  prudent   to   commence 


n  t.t  n  "  •  i- 1  'i   01    i    ii  ric«. 


fhrir  retreat,  in  consequence  of  In- 
formation reccivi  d  b\  ' 
mana,  thai  Bonaparte  had  set  out 


independence  of  their  <  The 

Briti  .ii  - 

covernnj  of  th 


from   Madrid,  at   the  head  of  ii  i  ->    ofSpain  through  which  their  march 


u  hole  army,  fof  I  In-  purpose  of  cut- 
ting <>ir  the  retro  if  <>f  'Ii'*  Bi 
This  Afflicting  news  was  firs!  com- 
municated to  the  <  ounl  i .  by  the  in- 
sertion in  (Ik-  London  Gazette  of 
an  abstract  ^\  Sir  .Film  Moon's  of. 
ficial  dispatches,  s<;iiiiur  tin-  retreat 
of  i  lie  British  ;ii  i ii  v  to  hnvebeen  de- 
termined on  in  consequence  of  that 
information.  Ii  has  been  since  ex- 
plained in  parliament,  thai  the  rea- 
gon  why  the  dispatches  of  Sir  John 
Moore  were  not  published  fnllv, 
was,  that  he  was  no  extremely  hur- 
ried at  the  time  In*  w rote  them,  as 
to  he  conscious  that  they  were  not 
fit  to  meet  tin*  public  eye,  and  that 
he  therefore  let!  it  to  his  majesty's 
ministers  to  publish  what  parti  of 
them  they  should  think  proper.  He 
sent  an  intelligent  and  gallant  of- 
ficer, General  Stewart,  to  give  the 
government  every  possible  informa- 
tion as  to  the  actual  state  of  afiairs 
in    Spain.       .\t    the   same    time    he 


pi  in  tin- 1 .»-.•  n  oi  <  lornnna. 
Ii    ia    therefore    con     l«*retl    pi 

ble,    and  it  ||  believ  e  I.   (hat  tin-  dis- 

patchei  of  Sir  John  Mooi 
a  fair  account  of  the  actu  il  situa- 
tion of  things,  mentioned  the  apathy 
and  indifiereni  ••  to  tin-  public  i 
which  prevailed    in   the   north   of 
Spain.     These  things,  though  very 
proper  for  government  to  be  inform- 
ed of,  urn-  not,  how*  •. erj  prop  -i  I  » 
be  published  to  a  II  the  world  through 
tlx-  medium  ofthc  London  ( iai 
This  country  is  still  bound  by   all 

the  ties  of  honour,  and  by  «\  <  i  I 
sacred  obligation  ot  treaty,  to  sup- 
port the  cause  of  Spaifl  as  long  as 
it  can  lie  supported  :    and,   hou 

ministers  might  regret  the  want  of 
leal  in  the  northern  parts  of  Spain, 
it  would  not  have  become  them  to 
have  published  reproaches  against 

their  allies  in  the  official  paper,  of 
this  country.  Great  all  nerc 

also  due  to  the  Spanish  nation  tor 


thought,  that  the  public  would  also  ,  not  completely  answering  llie  high 
Very  naturally  expect  ilia!  the  ims-  expectations  which  had  been  Jorm- 
senger  would  bringwith  him  official  ed  of  them  from  their  glorious  tit  - 
dispatches,  to  inform  the  nation  of  lories  at  Bayten,  Saragosaa,  and  \  a- 
the situation  of  thcii  army  in  Spain  :  lencia.  Although  the  higher  orders 
he  therefore  wrote  a  long  detailed    ot'  die  Spanish  nation  carried  their 


account,  confiding  it  to  the  discre- 
tion of  ministers  to  publish  what 
the}  should  think  proper. 


notions  of  honour  even  to  a  roman- 
tic excess,  yd  the  great  muss  of  the 
people  were  much  debased  in  moral 


It  is-strongi)  believed,  that  minis-  character  by  the  effects  of  poverty 

ters  had  another  ami  a  better  reason  and  ignorance.      They  were  united, 

for  not  publishing  the  whole  of  Sir  not  so  much  by  the  love  ot  national 

John    Moore's  dispatches.      It  had  independence,  as  by  a  hatred  to  the 

been  gHierally  supposed  in  this  coun.  '  French,  and  an  obedience  to  their 

try,  that  all  the  provinces  of  Spain  priests.      The  juntas  ncverappeared 

were  actuated  by  one  enthusiastic  to  have  confidence  enough   in  the 

spirit  in  the  defence   of  the  king  people  so  taast  In  an  actual  levy  ( i 


>vhom  they  bad  chosen,  and  of  the  I  Mots*  for  the  defence  oi  the  country, 

Z8 


174 


ItETROSPECT    OF    POLITICS. 


nor  did  the  people  of  Spain  feel  a 
greater   desire  (hen  they  shew  in 

other  countries,  for  joining  the  rcgu- 
I;ir    armies   as    soldiers   by    trade. 
This  w;is  manifested  on  many  occa- 
sions.   The  army  of  Gallicia,  whieh 
was  beaten  early  in  July  at  Bio  Sc- 
co,  did  not  appear  to  have  gained 
any  additional  Strength  in  the  next 
three    months,    and  (."-asianos    (ex- 
cept for  the  junction  with  Palaibx) 
Was  hardly  stronger  at  Tudeln,  than 
lie  was  at  Baylen.     The  (iallician 
and    Andalusian    armies    took    the 
field  at  first  with  a  considerable  pro- 
portion  of  regular  troops    among 
them,  but  the  recruiting  went  on 
slowly.      Although  the  proclama- 
tions of  the  different  provincial  jun- 
tas and  other  state  papers,  breath- 
ed the  most  pure  and  enlightened 
patriotism,   yet  we  fear  that  those 
exalted  sentiments  were   not  gene- 
rally felt  throughout  that  country. 
We  have  sufficient  proof,   that  the 
leading  men  of  Spain  were  men  of 
great  abilities  ;   and  yet  it  appears 
that  a  considerable  time  was  lost, 
and  that  no   sufficient  preparation 
had    been    made   for    the    defence 
of  the  country.      We  fear  that  the 
cause  has  not  been  the  want  of  abi- 
lities in  the  leaders,  but  that  the  apa- 
thy which  General  Romana  and  the 
British  army  found  in  the  northern 
provinces,  too  generally  per  vailed 
that  country.     We  shall  be  happy 
indeed  if  the  future  events  of  the 
■war  should  aWow  us  to  change  our 
opinion  in  this  respect. 

In  our  last,  we  expressed  some 
doubts  of  the  necessity  of  the  Bri- 
tish army  commencing  their  retreat 
so  early  as  they  did.  It  was  not 
that  we  ever  supposed  that  the  Bri- 
tish army,  even  with  the  addition 
of  Boinaua's  force,  could  contend 


with  any  chance  of  success  against 
Bonaparte's  grand  army  ;  but  that 
we  imagined  that  if  the  army  of 
Sottlt  (now   called    Duke   of  Dal- 
matia)  was  attacked  and  defeated, 
the  retreat  of  the  British  army  af- 
terwards would  have  been  more  ho- 
nourable and  secure.     We  thought 
it   impossible,  that  any  very  consi- 
derable body  of  infantry  could  have 
arrived  from  Madrid  in  time  to  in- 
tercept the  retreat ;  and  we  still  be- 
lieve, that  almost  the  whole  of  the 
great  loss  which  the  British  army 
sustained,  was  owing  to  this  very  ar- 
my of  the  Duke  of  Dabnatia,  who 
became  our  pursuers  as  soon  as  they 
found  the  British  army  in  full  re- 
treat.  The  enemy  had  indeed  push- 
ed forward  some  of  his  cavalry  from 
this  main  army,  but  it  does  not  ap- 
pear that  any  considerable  body  of 
infantry  from  Madrid  had  arrived, 
or  could  have  arrived,  near  enough 
to  endanger  the  retreat  of  the  Bri- 
tish army,  supposing  they  had  at- 
tacked Soult's    before    the   retreat 
commenced.  This  opinion  is,  how- 
ever, only  formed  from  the  few  do- 
cuments which  are  now  before  the 
public.     We  are  very  loth  to  give 
credit  to  the  accounts  of  the  enemy, 
and  they  cannot  be  received  with- 
out making  an  allowance  for  exag- 
geration ;  but  as  to  what  relates  to 
the  mere  disposition  of  their  armies 
in  a  country  which  they  occupy, 
their  official  statements  must  be  the 
most    authentic    documents.       By 
those  statements  at   appears,   that 
when  Bonaparte  left  Madrid  for  the 
north  of  Spain,   he  not  only  left  an 
adequate  force  to  garrison  the  capi- 
tal, but  he  also  left,  under  the  com- 
mand of  the  Duke  of  Belluno,  a 
force  not  only  sufficient  to  prevent 
the  advance  of  the  Spanish  army 


POM  l  I"  >. 


irt 


from  Cueru  .1 1«>  Madrid,  but  even  to 
attack  a  i  on  iderable  bodj  ol  (hero, 
upon  the  IStli,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  < !uen<  a,  and  tbove 
Il;, ()()(>  prisoners.  No  othor  force 
is  meotioned  as  marchin  fro  n  Ma- 
drid against  Ihe  I  !ng  i  b,  i  \<  i  pi  the 
Duke  of  Elcbiagcn's  (Nej  *)  and 
the  im|)cri;il  guards.  The  French 
bulletins  say,  that  ii  was  to  the 
Duke  of  Dalmatia  that  i!i<  I 
emperor  confided  (lit  pnis.iil  of  the 
English,  or,  ;is  they  tci m  it,  the  ho- 
nourable   mission    of   driving  the 

English  into  the    sea.      \\  <•  -iron./. 

Iv  suspect  that  the  reason  why  this 
honourable  mission  was  confided 
solely  to  the  Duke  of  Dalmatia,  \\a>. 
that  there  was  no  other  bodj  of 
French  infantry  within  at  least  three 
days1  march.  At  Astorga,  Bona- 
parte afterwards  reviewed  the  divi- 
sions of  Laborde&nd  Loisont  which, 
as  the  bulletin  states,  are  to  form 
the  army  of  Portugal.  This  agrees 
perfectly  with  our  last  account,  foi 
those  were  the  very  divisions  which 
before  formed  Junot's  army,  al- 
though we  do  not  now  hear  that.fu- 
not  himself  is  with  them.  Jt  is  pos- 
sible that  that  genera]  may  have 
fallen  into  disgrace  with  his  impe- 
rial master. 

The  British  army  suffered  most 
extremely  on  the  retreat.  In  their 
forced  marches,  they  had  to  con- 
tend with  the  inclemency  of  the 
sea->>n,  the  badness  of  the  roads, 
and  the  want  oi'  provisions,  as  well 
as  against  an  enemy  that  pursued 
them  most  closely.  It  is  said,  that 
for  many  days  together  the  British 
troops  had  been  without  any  other 
food  than  turnips,  which  they  had 
not  even  the  means  of  dressing. 
This  want  of  proper  \ooi\,  combined 
with  the  fatigue  of  the  luarcb,  and 


the  hardship  of  Ij  inn  out  in 

Ik  Ids  in    the   depl  Ii    ol   v,  :n 

duced  a  groat 

and  '!"■  -"  •         I 

not  follon    '  i,   it  -  t 

treat,  w<  re  Id  •<  v  of  the 

enemy. 

that  the  S]    i     h  p  rj 

i  considerable  i  of  them  \  but 

although  out   ■    •  t  with  nv 

I  lint  i      -ally 

reception  in  Spnin>  yet  we  hope    i  1 

believe    that    tin-    I     '  rf  ion    of    the 

enemy  is  i  c  dnmny.     'I  be  i>  itish 

army  commenced  its  retreat 

order,  and  its  cavalry  gained,    as 

we  mentioned  before,   some  mat       1 

advantages  over  the  enemj 

as  Villa  Franca  Ike  retire!  conti* 

nued  in  good  order,  and  the  army 
suffered  little.   It  was  on  ii  ! 

march  from  Villa  Franca  to  Logo 
(a  distance  of  about  sixty  English 
miles)  that  t:  .  limr  became 

excessive,  and  threatened  the  ab- 
solute dispersion  of  the  army.  I  "n- 
der  Chose  circttnastasM  J  >hn 

Moore  found   it  necessary  to  halt 
tlu- army  at   Lege,    when-  he  look* 
position,   and  remained  a  feu 
in  mce  of  the  enemy,    who  did  not 

feel  themselves  strong  enough  to 

veuturcabatile.  On  th<  ;  the 

Sth  the  army  again  commenced  its 
retreat  to  ("oruuna,  and  upon  this 
march  also  the  straggling  was  ex- 
cessive :  the  stragglers,  of  course, 
fell    into   the    hands  of  th 

who  boast  of  having 

ners,   besides  the  number  of 
those  who  died  from  fatigue  or  by 

the  sword.  On  our  pa:!,  wc  Ij  ivr 
no  means  of  stating  wlmf  was  our 
actual  loss  in  the  expedition  until 
the  returns  are  r<  _-:ilarlv  before  par- 
liament. The  i»i  itish  troops  at 
;li reached  Corunna,  where  they 


176 


RKTllOSPI-.C'r    OF    POLITICS. 


were  obliged  to  wait for  several  days  ||  has  erected  public  monuments  to 
before-  thetransports  had  come  from  i  their  memory  ;  their  names  arc  al- 
Vigotoreccive  them.  On  the  morn-'  ways  mentioned  with  veneration, 
mg  of  the    16th   of  January,   the     and  their  career  is  held  out  as  an 


•jreatrst  part  of  the  army  and  the 
artillery  were  embarked,  and  it  was 
not  until  that  day  that  the  French 
conceived  themselves  in  sufficient 
force  to  attack   the  British.      Our 


example  to  soldiers.  Sir  John 
Moore  had  certainly  arrived  to  the 
highest  military  reputation  which 
any  British  general  of  the  present 
time  enjoyed.      We  hope  we  shall 


rearguard,    consisting  of   ton    or  II  not  be  thought  to  be  speaking  at  all 


twelve  thousand  men,  were  posted 
above  a  mile  from  the  town  of  Co 
runna.     The  Duke  of  Dalmatia  at- 
tacked them  furiously  with  a  force 
considerably   superior  in  number  : 
the  British  troops  maintained  their 
high  reputation,  and  not  only  re- 
pulsed  the  enemy,    but   advanced 
above  half  a  league  in   pursuit  of 
them.      The  French  attempted   no 
farther  interruption  to  the  embarka- 
tion, which  was  completely  effected 
during-  the  night  of  the   I6th  and 
the  morning  of  the   17th.     In  this 
battle,   which   completely  secured 
the  retreat  of  the   remains  of  our 
army,  the  country  suffered  a  severe 
loss  by  the  death  of  Sir  John  Moore, 
who  was  killed  by  a  cannon  ball, 
which  struck  him  early  in  the  ac- 
tion, and  tore  off  his  left  arm.    Sir 
David  Baird,  the  second  in  com- 
mand, also  lost  an  arm  upon  this 
occasion. 

It  has  been  the  fate  of  many  of 
the  mosf  illustrious  warriors  which 
this  country  has  produced,  to  die 
in  the  field  of  battle  and  in  the  arms 
of  victory.  It  was  thus  that  Wolfe, 
Abercrombie,  Nelson,  and  Sir  John 
Moore,  have  fallen.  There  has 
been  this  singular  coincidence  in 
the  manner  of  their  deaths,  that 
every  one  of  them  lived  long  enough 
after  their  mortal  wound,  to  hear 
that  the  English  had  gained  the 
victory.      Their  grateful  country 


invidiously  to  the  military  talents  of 
other  gallant  officers,  if  we  say  that 
|  there  was  no  general  who  enjoyed  a 
higher,   or  perhaps  an  equal,  de- 
gree of  the  confidence  of  his  coun- 
I  try.    In  the  loss  of  Sir  John  Moore, 
j  the  country  has  lost  the  man  who 
was    deemed    its    best    general  — 
\V  hpn  we  consider,  however,   the 
generals  that   we  have   still    left  ; 
when  we  recollect  the  conduct  of 
Sir  Arthur  Wellesley,  or  General 
Ferguson,    the  heroes  of  Vimeira, 
we  are  confident  that  the  country 
will    never   want   brave    or  skilful 
officers  to  command  its  armies  ;  and 
the  only  fear  we  entertain  is,  that 
too  rigid  an  adherence  to  military 
etiquette  and  seniority  may   keep 
out  of  command  those  officers  in 
whom  the  country  has  most  confi- 
dence.     In    this  manner  we  have 
seen,    during  the    last   administra- 
tion,  the  gallant   Sir  John  Stuart, 
the  hero  of  Maida,  superseded  by 
General  Fox  ;  and,  lately,  we  have 
seen  Sir  Arthur  Wellesley  super- 
seded immediately  after  a  victory 
that  ought  to  have  produced  the 
most    important    advantages.       It 
would  not  be  very  difficult  to  point 
out  modes  by  which  the  country 
might  have  the  services  of  its  best 
generals,    without    wounding    the 
pride    of  senior   officers  :    this    is 
done,  in  fact,  in  every  army  upon 
the  Continent ;    and  Lord  Nckon 


>]    poLn 


would  never  have  added  so  much 
renown  to  our  naval  history,  ii 
every  admiral  who  was  older  than 
In-  conceived  that  h<-  had  a  bet- 
ter i iulit  to  command,  If  Sii  A  I 
t (in r  Wellcslcy  was  superseded  in 
Portugul,  it  waa  from  tins  point  oi 
military  ttiquetle  alone;  for  there 
is  no  officer  that  <ii|<>\  s  nit i if  highly 
the  confidence  of  (lie  government, 

as  well   as   of  the  country  :    but    it 

hat  been  the  custom,  thai  an  army 
<>!  i  given  Dumber  ihould  have  so 
many  lieutenant-generals  in  it ;  and 

sir  \iilnir's  name  is  so  low  on  the 
list  of  lieutenant-generals,  that  go- 
vernment would  not  know  bow  t<> 
give  him  the  command  without  vio- 
lating the  custom  of  the  army.  It 
was  in  this  manner  that  Mr.  \\  mil- 
ium justified  the  appointment  ol 
General  Whitelopke  in  theexpedi- 
tion  to  Buenos  Ayres  :  he  said  if 
was  the  custom  to  give  the  com- 
maud  of  an  expedition  of  that  mag- 
nitude to  a  lieutenant-general  :  and 
that,  looking  over  tin*  list  ol  lieu- 
tenant-generals who  wore  unem- 
ployed, lie  dill  not  see  any  name 
particularly  distinguished  above  the 
rest.  We  apprehend,  that  the  cus- 
tom is  one  of  those  u  more  honour- 
ed in  the  breach  than  in  the  obser- 
vance ;"  and  we  hope  that  no  cus- 
tom will  ever  be  set  up  in  future  to 
deprive  our  brave  army  of  those 
leaders  who  are  the  tiltest  to  com- 
mand them. 

The  victory  at  Corunna,  and  the 
safe  embarkation  of  the  greater  part 
pf  the  British  army,  were  dearly 
bought.  In  addition  to  the  loss  of  Sir 
J.  Moore,  the  second  in  command. 
Sir  D.  Baird,  was  se\  ercly  wounded, 
and  lost  an  arm.  It  would  be  an 
injustice  to  that  distinguished  officer 
not  to  say  that  the  country  felt  this 


wound,   and    l<  i 

ol    his    <■!  r\  i<  - 

In-  was  the  general  who<  on 

at  ile*  itornifl 

at  the  capture  of  the  (  ape  ol  t 

nope,  and  enjoys  the  repul  ition  of 

one  of  the  I*  if  jew  rali  u 

tish  s« ■  r v i .  >■.       \       •     iter  muni 
men  also  perished  in  this  rapid  re- 
in- il  than  we  <  Ould    I 

to  lose  in  the  ra  >-t  di 
\\  bile  these  »<  cne 

in   the  north 

tiou  under  ( Jen  ral  Sherbn 

listing  of  about  four  or  five  thoo- 

sand  men,   and  destined  (l 

posed)  for  the  south  of  Spain,  was 
dispersed  by  the  storms,  which  wo 

mayexpi'i  tat  this  season  of  the ;. 

Here   thru    we    may    pause,    and 
consider  a  Little  the  causes  of  the 
total  failure  of  the  expedition 
to   the   relief  of  Spain.      Il   is  now 
most  unquestionable  that  t.'ie  public 
spirit  in  Spain  was  by  no  mea 
general  as  it  had  been  supposed  in 
this  country.     From  Jul)   to  No- 
vember,  the  Spaniards  could  not 
bring  an  army  into  the  field  able  to 
drive  out  i^'  Biscay  and  Nayari 
thirty    or  forty   thousand 
men  who  occupied    that  provi 
and  as  soon   as  this  small  Fi 
army  was  reinforced  in  the  h- 
ningof  November,  and  Bonap 
had  assumed  the  command,  all  the 
Spanish  armies  were  disp 
fore  it,  and  never  were  able  to  rally. 
[f  Madrid  had  been  as  well  defend- 
ed as  Saragossa,    it    might    I 
stopped    Bonaparte's  an 
considerable  time ;  for  it 
appear    that    the    cooq 
greater  part  of  i  al- 

I  s,.  much  by  an  ovo  » I 
ing  superiority  of  nu  u  by 

a  judicious  disposition oi  U 


J78 


MEDICAL    REPORT. 


nrmics,  ami  their  attacking  the  Spa- 
nish armies  separately.  Marshal 
Ney's  division,  which  was  the  one 
principally  engaged  at  the  defeat 
of  Blake,  was  afterwards  brought 
Against  Casta nos  at  Tudela  ;  and, 
at  a  later  period,  this  was  (he  divi- 
sion which  was  sent  from  Madrid 
Bgainst  the  English.  This  division, 
together  with  the  imperial  guards, 
appeared  -the  whole  disposable  force 
which  Bonaparte  then  had  to -march 


against  them.  The  actual  number 
Of  Bonaparte's  arm}-  in  Spain  can- 
not easily  be  ascertained  :  no  more 
reliance  is  to  be  placed  upon  there- 
ports  of  the  Spaniards  than  upon  his 
own ;  the  former  would  magnify  it, 
in  order  to  account  for  his  successes, 
and  he  would  exaggerate  it,  with  a 
view  to  strike  the  world  with  dis- 
may, and  to  be  considered  irresist- 
ible and  invincible. 


MEDICAL  REPORT. 


An  account  of  the  diseases  which 
have  occurred  in  the  reporter's  own 
practice,  from  the  20lh  of  January 
to  the  15th  of  February,   1S09. 

Acute  diseases. — Pleurisy,  1  — 
Catarrhal  fever,  S.... Acute  rheu- 
matism, G.... Continued  fever,  4 

Puerperal  fever,  1 Remittent  fe- 
ver, l...!Eresypelas,  1  —  Gout,  2 
.... Hooding  cough  2 — Acute  dis- 
eases of  infants,  9. 

Chronic  diseases. — Cough  and 
dyspnoea,  36... .Spitting  of  blood, 

2.... Pulmonary  consumption,  3 

Pleurodyne,     2 Asthenia,    6 

Chronic  rheumatism,  5 — Cepha- 
lalgia, 7. ..Scirrhous  liver,  I...E11- 

terodvnia,  3 Gastrodynia,   5.... 

Dropsy, 4. . . .  Jaundice,3. . .  .Dysure, 
2...Eneuiysis,  1.... Dysentery,  2... 

Dyspepsia,  4 —  H  cemorrhoids,2 

Hypochondriasis,  1  ....Scrophula, 
2 — Cutaneous  diseases,  7. ...Chlo- 
rosis, 2 Amenorrhoea,  4. 

To  avoid  delay  in  the  publication, 
these  reports  in  future  will  be  con- 
tinued from  the  loih  of  one  month 
to  the  15th  of  the  succeeding  one. 
Since  my  last  account,  the  weather, 
though  extremely  moist,  has  been 
unusually  mild  for  the  season,  and 
to  this  may  partly  be  attributed  the 
present  favourable  state  of  health 


in  the  metropolis.  The  number  of 
inflammatory  complaints  have  di- 
minished ;  their  violence  has  been 
mitigated  ;  and,  as  far  as  my  obser- 
vation has  extended,  pulmonary 
affections  of  every  kind  have  as- 
sumed a  milder  character,  and  have 
been  more  easily  relieved,  than  is 
usual  in  seasons  of  greater  severity. 
Not  one  of  the  acute  diseases  in  the 
preceding  list,  presented  any  ap- 
pearance worthy  of  being  recorded, 
or  occasioned  much  anxiety  re- 
specting their  termination  :  the 
prognosis  was  favourable,  and  the 
event  corresponded  with  it,  for  the  j 
are  all  convalescent  or  recovering. 
The  case  of  hypochondriasis  will 
probably  terminate  in  insanity  :  so 
complete  is  the  mental  hallucina- 
tion, that  no  argument  has  yet  con- 
vinced the  patient  that  her  bones 
are  not  piercing  through  the  skin  j 
and  sometimes  she  is  tortured  with 
the  horrid  sensation  of  falling  to 
pieces.  Whatever  cause  has  ge- 
nerated this  monster  of  the  imagi- 
nation, the  effect  is  truly  serious. 
A  young  woman  in  the  prime  of 
life,  with  a  fine  form  and  prepos- 
sessing appearance,  has  lost  the  rosy 
hue  of  health  ;  her  countenance  no 
longer  beams  with  joy  j  her  eyes 


AC. UK  II.  II    HAL    11!  po  ltT. 


m 


no  longer  sparkle  with  Iflfc  1 1  i l" ■  1 1 c - < •  : 

lur  wontc  I  animation  baa  fori 
1 1 ( •  i  ;  all  that  combined  (<>  fascinate 
>ne,  ind  nothing  remaini  l>m 
the  Bodi  icprcssion  of  woe,  the  fixed 
I  oi  despair,  [n  these  cases  ii 
is  ;i  nice  point  to  determine  whether 
the  complaint  Ins  been  induced  by 
physical  or  by  moral  agent  ;  f<>i 
where  the  malad)  originate!  in  the 
mind,  it  is  in  vain  to  administer 
dni^s;  whilst  the  physician,  who 


\<i  Mint  with  the  m : i f m r f ■  of  hu- 
man passions,  who  ba  I  the 
con  equeni  rs  of  disapp*  inted  hope 
upon  ;i  delicate   li  ime,  "i  w  ho  Ii  is 
attended  to  the  \  i<  ii  iitudea  <»t  for- 
tune  and  changes  "i  <  in  nmsl  u 
in  the  <  beckered  s<  enc  oi  life,  may 
often  administer  to  i  mind  • 
.ind  afford  consolation  and  healing 
balm,  where  before,    til  was 
forties!  and  desponding. 


AGRICl  LTUB 

The  Inclemency  of  the  weather 
for  the   la«.t   month,   has   impeded 

those    early    operations   in    (hr   field 

that  would  have  taken  place  if  the 

■eason  had  suited.      The  violent  and 

continued  succession  of  snow  and 

rains,  has  inundated  the  country  in 
some  places,  to  a  decree  never  re- 
membered by  the    oldest    man.      In 

the  Isle  of  Ely,  in  Cambridgeshire, 

it   is  estimated,    that   the  inundation 

has  extended  more  than  fifteen  miles 
in   length,  and   that  above  150,000 

lien's  of  land  are  completely  under 
Water';  the  distress  ;uid  injury  to 
the  inhabitants  is  almost  beyond 
calculation,  and  the  calamity  would 
have  extended  much  farther,  but  for 
the  exertions  made  in  stopping  the 
breaches  with  bags  filled  with  sand. 

The  arable  lauds  are   become   so 
saturated  with  wafer,  as  to  be  total-  'I 
lv  unlit    to   receive   the   seed,    until 
the  return  of  dry  weather. 

Nearly  all  the  turnip*  are  de- 
stroyed, except  the  Swedes,  whose 
hardy  nature  enables  them  to  bear 
a  redundancy  of  wet  and  cold. 
They  will  be  a  valuable  resource  to 
those  farmers  who  are  the  fortunate 
possessors  of  them. 

The  wheat,  tares,  and  vouns:  clo-  'i 

No*  III.  Vol.  I. 


\\,  REPORT. 

vers  look  much  better  than  could 
be  expected,  after  such  severe  wea- 
ther; a  lew  dry  davs  arc  only  want- 
ed to  cause  them  to  rally. 

We    have    lately    seen    proposals 

for  the  establishment  of  a  company 

for  the  purpose  of  insuring  the  lives 
of  cattle.  Many  gentlemen  of  rank 
and  consequence  usher  the  pj 

sals  to  the  public,  under  the  sanc- 
tion of  their  names;  we  therefore 
cannot  doubt  that  the  plan  has  lie.  ■ 
well  considered  and  digested. 

We  regret  that  the  outlines  only 
are  published,  because  an  entire  de- 
velopeinent  of  the  plan,  must  neces- 
sarily be  connected  with  many  cir- 
cumstances highly  important  to  the 
agriculturist  and  breeder  of  cattle. 
We  can,  however,  anticipate  many 
beneficial  effects  from  such  an  es- 
tablishment. It  is  obvious  that  an 
additional  security  to  the  owner  of 
livestock,  mu*t  tend  to  the  encou- 
ragement of  the  breeding  of  cattle. 
But  a  greater  ajdhrant  ige  lathe  pub- 
lic, will,  in  our  opinion,  be  derived 
from  the  diffusion  oi  a^n,  ullural 
information,  which  must  necessarily 
take  place  when  the  various  coun- 
ties of  Great  IJritain  are  interested  ia 
a  company  of  this  nature. 
A  a  * 


5 


180 

FACSIMILE  OF  A  LTNE  OF  A  LATIN  POEM  FOUND  AT 

HERCULANEUM. 

We  have  the  satisfaction  to  pre- 
sent our  readers  with  a  fac-simile 
018  line  of  a  Latin  poem,  found 
unongsl  the  papyri,  and  unrolled 
under  the  direction  of  a  learned 
gentleman  now  at  Palermo,  under 
the  patronage  of  an  illustrious  per- 
sonage. For  its  authenticity  we 
pledge  our  credit  with  the  public, 
which  we  think  cannot  be  doubted, 
when  we  subjoin  to  this  great  lite- 
rary curiosity  the  comment  of  the 
learned  gentleman  himself. 

"  It  is  part  of  an  epic  poem  in 
Litin.  There  are  only  nine  verses 
in  a  page  :  in  the  verses  a  few  let- 
ters are  wanting  :  each  verse  is  writ- 
ten at  its  full  length  ;  and  as  it  is 
hexameter,  and  in  a  large  charac- 
ter, forms  an  extensive  line,  espe- 
cially as  there  is  a  full-stop  after 
each  word  :  the  manuscript  itself  is 
very  imperfect,  and  furnishes  the 
latter  part  only  of  the  respective 
pages.  From  this  circumstance, 
and  from  the  number  of  lost  verses 
which  appear  necessary  to  supply 
the  sense  between  the  last  verse  of 
one  page  and  the  beginning  of  a  se- 
cond, I  conjecture  that  two-thirds 
of  a  page  are  wanting  :  these,  per- 
haps, may  be  found  afterwards  ; 
and  indeed  it  may  not  seem  unrea- 
sonable to  expect  such  an  instance 
of  good  fortune,  after  having  dis- 
covered, in  a  similar  case,  the  two 
parts  of  Polystratus,  as  I  mentioned 
in  a  former  letter.  The  verses  are 
about  seventy  :  that  of  which  the 
fac-simile  is  given  is  the  last.  This 
verse  proves  that  the  poem  is  not 
ended  here.  The  cross  under  the 
first  word  seems  to  denote  the  num- 
ber of  the  book.  The  name  of  the 
writer  may  be  in  that  part  of  the 


x 

-*> 

fa- 
's 


i 

> 

2 


MTPllARV     NOTICFS    AM)    !  N  Tf 1AAC.  H  SC  t . 


181 


inoirripl  which  is  wanting,  and. 
ns  is  usual  in  the  othei ,,  ii  tome 
little  distance  from  the  last  p.ijr*-. 
The  subject  oflhe  poem  is  Augustus 

ill  Egypt.      The  verses   express  the 

Mule  of  Egypt,  ofCresar,  of  Mex- 
andria,  which  is  represented  to  be 
besieged  :  if  mentions  also  the 
queen,  and  speaks  of  the  battle  nc  tr 
Aotimn  ;ts  ■  past  <-\  eat.  The  style 
of  Hie  poetry  is  excellent :  the  merit 
of  the  composition,  and  the  nature 
of  Hie  subject,  persuades  me  that 
the  poem  may  with  great  probabi- 
lity be  attributed  to  Varius  as  its  au- 
thor. I  need  not  here  repeal  nil 
those  passages  of  ancient  writers. 
which  may  be  seen  altogether  in 
Lilius  Gi  raid  us,  on  this  poet  :  he 

celebrated,  it  is  well  known,  the 
deeds  of  Augustus.   This  fact,  added 

to  the  lines  of  1 1  m  ice,  -  fin  our  ible 
to  my  hypothesis.  I  most  also  add, 
that  ■  gentleman,  extremely  well 
versed  in  literature  and  the  fine  arts, 

the  Chevalier  Scratti,  one  of  the 
Neapolitan  secretaries  of  state,  ap-  ; 


proves    in\'     id'-t.        The    authentic 

alphabet  of  the  and  '■  itfa  i  h.i- 
racter  and  orthography,  whli  h  is 
acquired  from  tins  saenu  ( ript,  lea- 
ders, in  the  opinion  oferei  ■ 

man,   e\<  |ui  lT( -l>    Of  oth'-r  Intei 
ing  considerations  ;  rend  rrs,  J 
this  discovery  invaloal 

"  This  is  (he  object  which  tfc 

tbillon  ti 
<i  mil  iei   to   hud.      What   a       I 
Montfaucon  and  « < « i  r  Chisholra  I 

I'm-    Mich    a    tt«  II  - 

fore  the  appe  irana   of  this  poem, 
existed,  on  tl  I  iuIh 

,  1  of  Latin  autography,  not  ■ 
single  criterion  of  classical  anti- 
quity, nor,  therefore,  of  indisputa- 
ble authority.  Thfb  treasure  alone 
more  than  compensates  the  inuni- 
lieenceof  the  .  iu:.\  r  PBIlfl  I  who  is 
the  patron  of  mis  illustrious  under* 
taking,  and  makes  his  royal  name 
dear  and  venerable  to  all  those  who 

can  justly  value  ancient  Learning, 

or  appreciate  the  loss  which  this 
treasure  has  amply  retrieved." 


LITERARY  NOTICES 

Mn.  Tayt.or,  the  Platonist,  an- 
nounces that  he  has  made  some  very 
important  discoveries  in  that  branch 
of  mathematics  which  relates  to  in- 
finitesimals and  infinite  series.  One 
of  these  discoveries  consists  in  the 
ability  to  ascertain  the  last  term  of 
a  great  variety  of  infinite  series, 
whether  sueh  series  are  Composed 
of  whole  numbers  or  fractions,  lie 
likewise  asserts  that,  in  consequence 
of  these  discoveries,  he  can  demon- 
strate that  all  (he  leading  proposi- 
tions in  Dr.  WalKs's  Arithmetic  of 
Infinites  are  false;  that  (he  Doc* 
trine  of  Fluxions  is  founded  on  fdsc 
principles  ;    ami,  as   well   a*    lUe 


AND  INTELLIGENCE. 
Arithmetic  bf  In/lnit '•••>-.  i«  a  most 
remarkable  instance  of  the  possibi- 
lity of  deducing  true  conclusions 
from  erroneous  principles.  Mr. 
Taylor  is  composing  a  treatise  on 
(his  subject,  which  will  be  pub- 
lished in  the  course  of  next  year. 

The  Rev.   Ro!>ert  Bland,   author 
of  the  Popvl*      I  and 

ElghOf  and  Sir  Everardj  has  in  tlte 
press 8  poetical  romance,  in  ten  can- 
to-, entitled  Tkt  Four  Sieves  of 
Cylhcra. 

Mr.    C.  Macartney  is  preparing 
for  publication.  A  Set  of  . 
ascertaining  the  situation  and 

.  \\o\.c  iu  the  Living  body,  at"  the  priu- 


183 


LITERARY    NOTICES    AND    INTELLIGENCE. 


eipal  blood-vessels,  nerves,  &c. 
concerned  in  surgical  operations ; 
to  be  illustrated  with  plates. 

Mr.  J.  Roland,  fencing-master 
at  the  royal  military  academy  at 
Woolwich,  intends  to  publish,  by 
subscription,  A  Treatise  on  the  Art 
of  Fencings  theoretically  and  expe- 
rimentally explained  upon  princi- 
ples entirely  new. 

The  Rev.  J.  Girdlestone  is  about 
to  publish,  by  subscription,  all  the 
Odes  of  Pindar ,  translated  into 
English  verse,  with  notes,  expla- 
natory and  critical. 

It  is  expected  that,  in  a  few  days, 
a  volume,  entitled  Memoirs  of  Bri* 
fish  Quadrupeds,  by  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Bingley,  will  be  ready  for  publica- 
tion. This  work,  which  claims  the 
merit  of  being  original,  and  not 
merely  a  compilation  from  the  writ- 
ings of  other  naturalists,  will  be 
illustrated  with  seventy  engravings 
from  original  drawings,  chiefly  by 
Ilowitt.  The  anecdotes  of  the  ha- 
bits, instinct,  and  sagacity,  arc 
kept,  quite  distinct  from  the  de- 
scriptions :  the  latter  are  thrown 
into  the  fOrm  of  a  synopsis,  and  in- 
serted with  the  synonyms  at  the  end 
of  the  volume,  which  it  is  intended 
to  follow  iip  with  two  volumes  of 
Memoirs  of  British  Whales,  illus- 
trated also  with  a  great  number  of 
figures  ;  and  afterwards  by  others 
of  the  birds,  amphibious  insects, 
&c.  till  an  entire  system  of  British 
Zoology,  occupying  about  seven 
volumes,  is  completed. 

Mr.  8.  Ware  will  soon  publish 
the  first  part  of  a  Treatise  of  Arches, 
Bridges,  Domes,  Abutment  and 
Embankment  Walls.  The  author 
professes  to  shew  a  simple  method 
of  describing,  geometrically,  the 
eatenaria,  and  to  deduce  his  theory 


principally  from  that  line.  Sections 
of  Trinity  Church,  Ely  ;  King's 
College  Chapel,  Cambridge;  Salis- 
bury Cathedral,  and  Westminster 
.Abbey,  will  be  given  in  corrobora- 
tion of  the  principles  advanced  in 
the  work. 

Mr.  Smith,  of  Dublin,  has  nearly 
finished  his  History  of  the  Ger- 
manic Empire,  in  two  octavo  vo- 
lumes, which  will  speedily  be  pub- 
lished. 

Mr.  Jerningham  will  shortly  pub- 
lish a  work,  entitled  The  Alexan- 
drian School,  being  a  narrative  of 
the  character  and  writings  of  the 
first  Christian  professors  in  that 
city,  with  observations  on  the  in- 
fluence which  they  still  maintain 
over  tin;  established  church. 

Mr.  Edgeworth's  work  on  Pro- 
fessional Education,  which  will  soon 
form  a  quarto  volume,  is  far  ad- 
vanced at  the  press,  and  may  soon 
be  expected. 

A  small  volume,  embellished  with 
engravings,  entitled  The  Stranger's 
Guide  through  Boston  audits  En- 
virons, will  soon  be  published  by 
Mr.  P.  Thompson,  of  that  town. 

Mr.  Southey  has  in  preparation, 
a  romance  in  rhyme,  founded  on 
the  mythology  of  the  Hindoos,  to 
be  entitled  The  Curse  of  Kehama. 
A  Life  of  the  late  Dr.  Beddoes 
has  been  undertaken,  with  the  ap- 
probation of  his  family  and  friends, 
by  Dr.  Stock,  of  Bristol. 

The  long-expected  Reports  of 
the  Preventive  Medical  Institution 
at  Bristol  have  been  left  by  Dr. 
Beddoes  in  some  degree  of  forward- 
ness :  they  will  be  completed  and 
'  published  as  speedily  as  possible 
t  by  Mr.  Konig  and  Dr.  Stock. 

Mr.  William  Richards  has  issued 
)  proposals  for  publishing,  by  sub- 


LITER  A  Al     JfOTl 


scription,  a  History  of  l.i/>m.   ■ 
til,  cct\i  -svisi  i<  ,:l.  commercial,  bio- 
grnntiictil,  political,  and  militai  j  . 
from  iK  foundation,  about  t\u-  lir-t 
:ll--i'   pf  the  <  Christian  .111.    to  the 

n(   Hum  . 

The   Rev.  Dr.    Vincent  is   pre- 
paring  <<>r  the   pre  is,    tfu     ' 
'/'.    t of Arrian's Indicaandthi  /*>- 
riplus,  wuli  i  translation,  to  accom- 
pany his  comments  on  those  works. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Beloe  is  proceed- 
ing with  the  fourth  and  fifth  vo- 
lumes of  Anecdotes  of  Literature 
mud  scarce  Books.  At  the  end  of 
the  fifth  will  l><  given  a  general  in- 
dex to  the  work. 

A  new,  much-improved,  and  en- 
larged edition  of  Dr.  Mayor's  /<-//- 
ages  and  Travels,  in  twenty-eight 
volumes,  royal  eighteen*,  is  in  the 

press.  Tlu'  plates  will  he  copied 
from    the    prints    published    in    the 

original  works,  ami  the  maps  will 

he  numerous,  and  on  a  huge  stale. 
The  text  of  the  principal  works,  aa 
(lie  v.>\  kges  of  Anson,  Byron,  W'al- 
lis,  Carteret,  Cook,  and  Macart- 
ney, will  he  printed,  without  va- 
riation, from  the  original  editions ; 
and  many  valuable  works  which 
have  appeared  within  the  present 
century,  will  he  included. 


C  a  r.r.no  n  i  a  N  Skktch  bs  ;  or,  a  Tour 
through    Scotland  in    1807  ;     to 
which  is  prefixed  an  explanatory 
Address  upon  a  recent  Trial.    By 
Sir  John  Carr. — Uo.      Published 
by  Matthew  and  Leigh,  Strand. 
The  character  of  Sir  John  Carr  as 
a  writer  is  so  well  known  to  the  pub- 
lic from  the  various  specimens  of  his 
Ulents  which  he  has  submitted  to  its 
judgment,  thai  it  would  he  a  waste 
of  time  and  space,   were  we  here  to 
attempt  a.  delineation  of  it.     We 


shall 

if  the  ( 'aledonim  , 

nothing  p  ulicularly  new, 

or   profound,    still  the  reput 

whi.  h  Sir  John  im\  I 

by  his  pre(  eding  perform 

not  lib  \\  to  Miller   \>y    the    pi 

publication. 

\\  ithoul  adi  erting  to  the  ]>t 
ed  observations  on  a  recent  iri  d.  \*<: 
Una  with  pleasure  to  the  more  in- 
teresting Subject  of  Sir  John'-.  I 
(Ionian    Sketches.  —  I  .in.; 

London,  our  tourist  makej  the  I"!- 
lowing  just  remark  upon  the  bappj 

state  of  our  country,    and  the  pro- 
gress o|  |  he  common  enemy — <■  - 

ed  in  an  island  favoured  by  heaven, 
and  fortified  by  nature  against  the 

political  storms  that  ra_re  around  u«, 

we  view  their  angry  pi  -  the 

astronomer,  in  the   calmBessof  the 

night,  contemplates  tlicerraticM-ou  rsc 
of  the   flaming  meteor,   in 
Solemn  meditation."      He  (!<  •. 
the  objects  that  mo 

tention  at  Cambridge,  and  thence 
on  his  road   through    \orthumber-' 
land  into  Scotland,  which  he  enter- 
ed by  Jedburgh.  The  most 
ing  objects  in  the   i  .nn  capi- 

tal, its   recent   improvements,   ami 
the  surrounding  scenery,  ably 

delineated  :  and  the  description- are 
enlivened  w  ith  so  many  a 

that  the  reader  is  led  on  wiUlOV 
ing  fatigued.  —  From    Edinburgh 

|  Sir    John    proceeded    f>    Stirling1, 
Kinross,  and  Perth  (of  which, 
the   adjoining  country,    there    i*  a 
charming  description  )alon:rtl 
era  coast  to  Aberdeen,  to  Peterl 

,  and  thence  to  Port  George  and 
verness, — Hire  the  work  becomes 
more  particularly  interesting.     The 
sublimity  of  Highland  soenerj  . 

.  the   cliaraoter    and   hubi'?    of    the 


m 


LITERARY    NOTICES    AND    INTELLIGENCE. 


Highlander  are  fully  entered  into. 
Several  pages  are  devoted  to  the 
plan  and  progress  of  that  peat  na- 
tional undertaking,  the  Caledonian 
/•anal,  which  Sir  John  describes  as 
a  work  of  Roman  magnificence. 

Our  author  embarked  from  Oban 
and  visited  thellebridean  islands  of 
Mull,  Ulva,  and  Staffa,  with  the 
account  of  which  we  have  been 
much  gratified  :  he  afterwards  pro- 
ceeded to  the  lochs  Ketterine,  Lain, 
Tay,  to  Dunkeld,  and  thence  to 
Glasgow* 

Every  well-wisher  to  his  country 
will  be  gratitied  with  the  proofs  of 
the  increasing  prosperity  of  the 
northern  division  of  our  island,  ex- 
hibited in  the  spirited  improvements 
going  forward,  not  only  in  the  ca- 
pital, but  in  various  parts  of  the 
country.  We  were  also  much  pleas* 
ed  with  the  temperate  observations 
of  our  traveller  on  the  errors  into 
which  Dr.  Johnson  seems  to  have 
been  led  in  his  Tour  to  the  Hebrides, 
when  he  suffered  spleen  to  get  the 
better  of  the  sound  judgment  and 
strong  sense  with  which  nature  had 
endowed  him. 

The  volume  contains  twelve  en- 
gravings in  aquatinta,  from  draw- 
ings by  the  author. — All  those  who 
are  fond  of  what  is  denominated 
tight  reading,  will,  we  doubt  not, 
derive  considerable  entertainment 
from  the  Caledonian  Sketches,  and 
fo  such  as  are  urged  by  pleasure  or 
curiosity  to  extend  their  summer  ex- 
cursions beyond  the  Tweed,  it  may 
be  recommended  as  an  agreeable 
companion. 


MUSICAL    REVIEW. 

Three  Sonatas  for  the  Piano-forte, 
in  which  are  introduced  six  fa- 
vourite Irish  Airs,  with  Accom- 


paniments for  the  German  Flute 
and  Violoncello  ;  composed  and 
dedicated  to  Mr.  E.  Bunting. 
By  J.  Woclfl.  Op.  48.  London, 
printed  and  sold  by  Preston,  97, 
Strand. 

We  regret  that  oar  limits  will  not 
allow  us  to  enter  into  an  analysis  of 
t  lie  merits  of  (lie  above  threcsonatas, 
which  will  be  found  extremely  bril- 
liant,  and   written  with  the  usual 
taste  and  judgment  of  their  cele- 
brated author,  without  being  diffi- 
cult as  to  execution.      We  were 
much   pleased  with  the  manner  in 
which  the  Irish  airs  are  introduced, 
the  simple  but  beautiful  melody  of 
which    has   lost  nothing  by  being 
transplanted  into  a  foreign  soil  ;   a 
commendation  which  we  have  not  at 
all  times  had  it  in  our  power  to  be- 
stow upon  some  other  foreign  com- 
posers, under  whose  hands  the  ori- 
ginality of  national  song  has  been 
sacrificed  by  too  studied  and  artifi- 
cial  accompaniments.      The  flute 
part,  in  which  the  character  of  the 
instrument   is  happily    preserved^ 
may  be  executed  by   a  moderate 
performer  :  and  the  whole  of  thi3 
work  is  well  calculated  fo  afford  an 
evening's  treat  to  a  musical  family. 

J.    WoeljVs  Cuckoo    Concerto  for 
the  Piano-forte,  zcith  the  Accom- 
paniments of  a  full  Band.  Print.- 
and  sold  by  Goulding.    Op.  49. 
Mr.  Woelfl's   Piano-forte   Con- 
certos are  deservedly  ranked  among 
the  first  compositions  of  the  present 
day  for  that  instrument,   both   in 
point  of  musical  science  and  origi- 
nality ;  and  the  present  work  cer- 
tainly does  not  detract  in  either  re- 
spect from  the  author's  fame  :  on 
the  contrary,  if  we  were  inclined 
to  form  a  comparison,  we  should 


Wa: 


OPERA        DR 

'.Aj^Yart*  j/A)  ML .>'«W UMBOS. 


IHI.ATRr..  —  FASHIONS    POll    LADIES,    8cc. 


185 


avow  our  partiality  to  the  Cuckoo 
ConctrfOy  in  preference  to  most  <>i 
Mr.  W*'t  anterior  vrorks,  as  parti- 
cularly abounding  in  marks  of  the 

aQthor*i  harmonic  genius  :  nor  is 
ili»-  pittenl  woik  s<»  difficult  of  ex« 
ecuiion  m  other  concertos  of  ( !•«• 
sumo  author,  the  Culm,  Military 
Coma  i iay  6cc.  since  the  most  intri- 
cate passages  arc  written  in  a  two- 
fold maimer,   so  as   to  bring  (lit  in 


within  tin-   n  n  !i    of  a  moderately 
skilled  pcrloriini . 


A  setof  Violin  Quartett  composed 

by  Mr.   \Vo<  III,  will  ap|.  si  in  a  fefV 

days,  m  Layenu's,  in  Bond-street, 
dedicated  to  Hii  Royal  Higl 
the  Pi incc  of  Wales,     '.i'ln  y  Invc 

Im-cii  plaj  ed    >i  some  priv.it.-  pal 
and  report  speak*  highly   of  their 
merit. 


THEATRE. 


Bishop's  music  (o  the  forthcom- 
ing opera  at  Drury-lane  Theatre, 
has  been  frequently  rehearsed.  It 
possesses  considerable  Variety  ;  the 
overture  is  elegant  and  sprightly;  the 
chorusscs  are  sublimely  grand  and 
impressive  ;  and  the  rest  of  the  mu- 
sic, which  consists  of  Stage,  duets, 
trios,  quartets,  quintets,  Sec.  is  a 
combination  of  excellence  which  we 
anticipate  will  furnish  a  delicious 
musical  banquet  for  (he  cognoscenti. 

Much  of  the  effect  which  is  to  be 
produced  will  depend  uponthe  wind- 
instruments  ;  and  we  are  sorry  to 
state,  that  the  managers  have,  per- 
haps from  a  principle  of  economy, 
refused  to  engage  those  performers 
on  whose  exertions  the  interest  of 
Mr.  Bishop's  production  so  essen- 
tially depends.  We  must,  however, 
confess,  that  we  are  not  without 
anxiety  for  the  success  of  this  mu- 
sic. The  public  seem  to  hare  an 
Utter  distaste  for  whatever  assumes 


the  form  of  scientific  elegance  :  and 
to  relish  nothing  but  aoieeapd  bustle, 

to  which  they  havr  been  so  Ion 
customed,  as  substitutes  for  har- 
mony. Indeed  we  have  often  been 
surprised,  that  in  addition  to  the 
melodious  notcj  of  drums,  triangles, 
cymbals,  &c.  w  hare  net  been  in- 
dulged also  with  the  introduction 
into  the  bands  of  the  theatres,  of  the 
sweet  symphonies  of  the  bagpipe  or 
watchman's  rattle,  or  of  that  deli- 
cious vocal  performer  w  ho  is  record- 
ed by  the  poet  Cow  per,  on  a  certain 
memorable  occasion,  to  have*'  sung 
most  loud  and  clear." 

A  revolution  can  only  be  effected 
by  degrees,  and  it  w  ill  probably  be 
a  considerable  time  before  the  pre- 
sent vitiated  taste  of  theatrical  au- 
diences, will  be  supplanted  by  that 
judicious  discrimination,  which  cha- 
racterized them  iu  the  time  of  Lin* 
ley  and  Storace. 


FASHIONS  FOR  LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN. 


PLATE   10. LADIES'  WALKING 

DRESS. 

A  Polish  cap,  and  pelisse  of  silver 
grey  cloth,  trimmed  with  gold  or 
silver,  buttoned  down  the  front  with 


small  round  buttons,  a  high  collar, 
with  a  lace  rufT;  boots  of  same  co- 
lour as  the  pelis>e,  and  both  embroi- 
dered with  gold  or  siUer.  York  tan 
gloves. 


18b 


FA9HION9    FOR    LADtES    AND    GENTLEMEN. 


This  dr.^ss  was  transmitted  to  a 
lady  of  high  rank  from  Warsaw, 
and  would  alone  evince  the  taste 
and  elegance  of  the  ladies  of  (hat 
country,  were  they  not  already 
sullicienlly  known 

PLATE  11. — OPERA  Dlinss. 
Henry  the  Eighth  hat  of  purple 
velvet  trimmed  with  pearls,  a  dress 
of  the  same  colour,  with  a  white  sa- 
tin front  trimmed  with  pearls,  and 
fastened  down  the  front  with  large 
white  round  pearls;  a  while  satin 
Spanish  mantle  (rimmed  with  swan- 
down  ;  white  shoes  and  gloves, 
pearl  ear-rings  and  necklaces,  white 
and  silver  fans, 

G  EN  ERAL    OBSEBV  AT  IONS . 

The  prevailing  colours  th  is  month, 
are  rose,  green,  and  purple  of  vari- 
ous materials,  silk,  satins,  and  plain 
velvets,  ornamented  with  gold  and 
silver,  pearls,  or  embroidery.  Satin 
caps  and  hats,  with  short  white  fea- 
thers are  generally  worn.  Small 
morning  or  walking  hats,  trimmed 
with  silk  frivolity,  are  an  entire  new 
and  very  elegant  article.  Mantles 
and  pelisses  of  various  forms  are 
still  much  worn  for  morning  dresses. 
White  is  again  become  the  favourite 
colour,  and  great  variety  is  display- 
ed in  the  materials  and  form.  Flow- 
ers are  now  beginning  to  appear 
again  in  morning  and  evening  caps. 
The  most  fashionable  style  of  wear- 
ing the  hair  is  in  ringlets d  la  Ninons 
the  shoes  are  embroidered  in  gold 
or  silver  for  dress,  and  for  undress 
in  sdk,  chenille,  or  ribbon. 

We  have  the  pleasure  to  inform 
our  fair  readers,  that  the  fashions 
for  the  present  month  have  been 
again  furnished  by  Madame  Lan- 
chester,   whose  taste  and  elegance 


stand  so  high  in  the  estimation  of 
(he  fashionable  world. 

FASHIONS    FOR    GENTLEMEN. 

Evening  Dress. 
The  reigning  colours  for  this 
month  are  claret  and  eorbcau,  with 
plain,  flat,  silk  buttons;  the  coat 
rather  long  in  the  waist,  and  short 
in  the  skirts,  double-breasted,  with 
lappels,  high  collar,  (Jii'n  padding, 
and  to  fallback  full  three  inches ; 
the  pockets  under  the  cross-tlaps, 
cuffs  five  inches  and  a  half  long, 
with  three  buttons  a(  top, 

Wais(coa(  s  arc  made  of  \vh  i(e  mar* 
seilles  and  fancy  silks,  single-breast- 
ed, with  narrow  ilaps,  rather  long. 
Breeches  of  drab  silk  hose,  not  made 
very  high:  the  knee-band  low,  with 
four  or  live  buttons  at  the  knee. 
They  are  made  rather  tight. 

Morning  Dress. 

The  coats  worn  for  morning  dress 
are  generally  of  dark  colours  and 
sage  mixed,  single-breasted,  with 
short  regimental  skirts,  no  ilaps, 
pockets  in  (he  plaits  of  the  skirts, 
high  collars,  stitched  narrow,  and  to 
fall  back  about  three  inches.  Out- 
tons  either  gilt,  or  silver  basket,  or 
moulds  covered  with  cloth. 

\Yaistcoats  double-breasted,  made 
of  silk  striped  Valentia, 

In  consequence  of  the  excessive 
advance  in  the  price  of  superfine 
cloths  and  kerseymeres,  the  leaders 
of  the  haut  ton  have  resolved  to 
revive  the  fashion  of  wearing  lea- 
ther breeches  and  boots,  which  some 
years  since  so  particularly  distin- 
guished English  gentlemen  from 
mechanics  and  servants. 

The  preceding  observations  were 
communicated  to  us  by  Messrs.  Au- 
stey  and  Saxe,  South  Molton-street. 


. 


PhAt 1 12.— HARDING,  HOWELL,  &Co.  (GRAND  FASH1 
ABLE  MAGAZINE,  No.80,  PALL-MALL. 


These  premises,  togethcrwith  the 
two  adjoining  houses,  formed,  up- 
wards of  I  century  ago,  the 
dence  of  the  Duke  of  Schomh  i 
Dutch  general,  who,  at  1 1» r-  revolu- 
tion which  placed  the  crown  on  the 
head  of  William  the  Third,  accom- 
panied that  monarch  t<>  England, 
and  fell  l>\  tbefireof  his  own  troops 
at  the  battle  of  the  Boyne. 

The  house  is  our  hundred  and 
fifty  fvrt  ill  length  from  front  to 
hack,  and  of  proportionate  width. 
It  is  fitted  n j)  with  great  taste,  and 
is  divided  by  glazed  partitions  into 
four  departments,  for  the  various 
branches  of  the  extensive  business 
which  is  there  carried  on. 

Immediately  at  the  entrance  is 
the  first  department,  which  is  ex- 
clusively appropriated  to  the  sale 
of  furs  and  fans.  The  second  con- 
tains articles  of  haberdashery  of 
every  description,  silks,  muslins, 
lace,  gloves,  &c.  In  the  third  shop, 
on  the  right,  you  meet  with  a  rich 
assortment  of  jewellery,  ornamental 
articles  in  or  moitln,  French  clocks, 
&C,  ;  and  on  the  left,  with  all  the 
different  kinds  of  perfumery  neces- 
sary for  the  toilette.  The  fourth  is 
set  apart  for  millinery  and  dr.- 
so  that  there  is  no  article  of  female 
attire  or  decoration,  but  what  may 
be  here  procured  in  the  first  style  of 
elegance  and  fashion. 


Tin 

five  yean  since,  by  Me  n  .   I ] 
and  Scribe,  and  hat  I"  en  condui 
tin  the  last  twelt  «•  j  ears  by  the  pit  - 
sent  proprietors,  who  have  spared 
neither  trouble  nor  eXpenCC  to  en- 
sure theestablishmenl  a  superi 

user  every  other  in   Europe,  and  to 

render    it  perfectly    unique    in  its 
kind. 

Forty  persons  are  regularly  em- 
ployed on  the  premises  in  making 
up  the  various  articles  offered  for 
sale,  and  in  attendance  00  the  dif- 
ferent departments  :  while  the  num. 
bcr  of  artisans  engaged  in  supply* 
Ing  the  concern  with  novelties,  al- 
most exceeds  belief.  Their  i 
tions  arc  rewarded  by  a  successful 
introduction  of  all  articles  of  merit 
among  the  first  circles,  by  which 
they  receive  a  certain  stamp  of  fa- 
shion, and  a  consequent  wide  and  ge- 
neral circulation  through  the  coun- 
try, to  the  great  advantage  of  the 
manufacturer. 

There  is. scarcely  a  manufacturing 
town  in  the  kingdom  but  what  it  is 
laid  under  contribution  by  this  es- 
tablishment, the  attention  of  whose 
spirited  proprietors  is  not  confined 
to  native  productions,  but  extends 
to  every  article  of  foreign  manufac- 
ture which  ihere  is  any  possibility 
I  of  obtaining. 


No. 1/7.  Vol.  I. 


V.   E 


m 


FASHIONABLE  FURNITURE. 


PLATE  14. — LADIES'  SECRETAIRE. 

This  elegant  appendage  to  the 
drawing-room  or  boudoir,  should  be 
made  of  rosewood,  rich  and  varied 
in  its  grain.  The  female  figures 
supporting  the  secretaire,  and  the 
lyres  on  the  upper  part,  may  be 
carved  in  wood,  and  finished  in 
burnish  and  matt  gold,  to  imitate 
or  moulu.  The  ornaments  on  the 
drawers  may  be  of  metal,  water  gilt. 
The  bottom  part,  has  a  mirror  on 
the  back,  placed  on  a  shelf,  carv- 
ed in  the  front,  and  ornamented  with 
or  moulu  mouldings,  supported  on 
vase  feci.  The  front  of  the  secre- 
taire drawer  is  decorated  with  or 
moulu  handles,  formed  as  wreaths 
of  foliage;  a  star  in  the  center, 
concealing  the  key-hole  of  the  lock. 

PARLOUR    C1IAIUS. 

This  pattern,  of  Grecian  form, 
is  supposed  to  be  of  mahogany  ;  the 
ornaments  and  the  frame  are  made 
out  in  an  inlay  of  ebony.  The  con- 
tinned  line  from  the  top  of  the  back, 
to  the  gilt  ornaments  on  the  front 
feet,  should  be  panneUed  out  be- 
twixt two  beads.  The  ornament  in 
center  of  the  back  may  in  part  be 
carved,  and  the  rest  in  ebony.  The 
seat  and  back  of  the  chair  are  stuff- 
ed and  covered  with  red  morocco 
leather,  on  which  are  printed  Gre- 
cian ornaments  in  black. 

GENERAL    OBSERVATIONS. 

A  considerable  alteration  has  ta-  j 
ken  place  in  the  style  of  fittino-  Up  i 
apartments  within  these  few  months.  ! 
Instead  of  a  gaudy  display  in  co-  \ 
louring,  a  more  pleasing  and  chaste  ! 
effect  is  produced  in  the  union  of 
two  tints.     This  has  been  happily 


managed  in  calicoes,  producing  an 
appearance  eqnal  to  silk,  particular- 
ly in  the  richer  and  more  brilliant 
colours.  "We  have  witnessed  this 
effect  in  a  full  crimson  damask  pat- 
tern, lined  with  a  bine  embossed  ca- 
lico, the  manufacture  of  Messrs. 
Dudding  and  Nelson.  A  similar 
taste  has  been  followed  with  some 
success  in  paper-hanging^  exhibit- 
ing a  rich  appearance,  when  finish- 
ed with  gold,  or  black  and  gold 
mouldings.  Carpets,  especially  for 
principal  apartments,  have  partial- 
ly fallen  into  the  same  good  taste. 
This  mode  of  furnishing,  produc- 
ing in  the  predominant  features  a 
composed  and  uniform  effect,  aids 
greatly  the  meubles  of  grand  rooms, 
especially  where  gilding  isintroduc- 
ed.  Should  silk  become  objectionable 
from  its  expence,  we  strongly  re- 
commend the  use  of  these  new  pat- 
terns. They  need  only  be  seen  to 
become  approved,  and  are  particu- 
larly calculated  for  candle-light  ef- 
fect. 

DINING    PARLOUR. 

In  this  apartment  morone  conti- 
nues still  in  use,  and  the  more  so 
where  economy  is  requisite  ;  which 
article  also  has  experienced  an  im- 
provement by  being  embossed  in  a 
variety  of  patterns.  This  process, 
however,  renders  it  less  appropriate 
for  drapery,  uidess  there  should  be 
sufficient  extent  to  form  it  with 
boldness.  The  coverings  for  floors 
are  of  crimson  drugget,  milled  to 
a  proper  substance,  and  pannelled 
with  a  border  of  black  furniture 
cloth;  producing  a  warm  and  rich 
appearance.     The    same   arrange- 


LAD1KS         .Ik  IK  RTAIB  B 


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» 


Cf)e  ^Repository 


Of  Arts,  Literature,  Commerce,  Manufactures,  Fashion,  and  Politics. 

Manufacturers,  Factors,  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in  Fancy  Goods  that  come 
within  the  scope  of  this  Plan,  are  requested  to  send  Patterns  of  such  new 
Articles  as  they  come  out,  and  if  the  requisites  of  Novelty,  Fashion,  and 
Elegance  are  united,  the  quantity  necessary  for  this  Magazine 
■will  be  ordered.  li.  Ackermann,  101,  Strand,  London. 


No. 


REPOSITORY  OF  ART S.  SCIENCE, &c. 


ALLEGORIC  HL    W< 


ivienl  is  to  be  seen    in   (lie   di;i 
rooms  of  man v  of  Hie  haul  f<u/,    in 

various  colours.    Chandeliers  of  <  il 

i:  lass,  on  a  metal  framework,  with 
Ornaments  of  '■/   moulu  and   DTODZe, 

arc  generall y  used  for  illuminating 
rooms,  affording  a  brilliant  and  dif- 
fused light  from  the  center  of  the 
ceiling. 


J'or  (lie   preecd 
we  acknowlcfl 

io    Mr.    (,.   Smith,    wli    '■   i 


taste  in  iln's   Inn-  is  <•.  Lncrd  ii 
splendid  work  on  furnitun 
coration. 


ALLEGORICAL  WOOD.C)  T,  Willi  PATTERN  HIITISII 

M  INUFACTl  RE. 


Tar.  four  patterns  of  British  ma- 
nufactures lor  ladies'  attire  for  flu's 
month,  have  been  furnished  by 
Messrs.  Harding,  Howell,  ami  Co. 
of  Pall-Mall,  of  whose  extensive 
establishment   we  have  introduced 


genuity,  and  industry  of  the  manu- 
facturer,  Mr.  Smith,  i  i  b. 

No.  2.      This  is  a  new  and  rich 
article,   called   Queen's   silk",    much 

worn  for  dresses  and   pelisses;    it 

may  be  had  of  all  colours,  and  pro- 


a  representation  and  description  in  If  duces  a  very  good  effecf.  It  is 
a  preceding  part  of  this  number.  't  the  manufacture  of  the  Spital fields 
No.  1.  Anglo-Merino  doth.  This  weavers;  and  WC  have  graft  satis* 
article,  five  quarters  and  seven  quar-  faction  In  observing,  that  our  1;  i 
ten  wide,  nearly  as  fiifc  as  muslin  of  fashion  vie  with  each  other  in 
in  iis  texture,  and  highly  elegant  affording  encouragement  to  tl 
in   its  appearance  for  full  dress  or  | industrious. and  ingenious  artis 


evening  wear,  is  manufact  ured  from 
the  fleeces  of  the  Merino  ilock  of 
1 1  is  Majesty,  to  whom  the  nation  is 
not  only  under  the  greatest  obliga- 
tion  for  the  original  introduction  of 
these  useful  animals,  but  whose 
unwearied  and  patriotic  efforts  for 
their  increase  anddiffusion,  are  like- 
ly to  be  productive  of  the  most  be- 
neficial results.  IIL-  illustrious  ex- 
ample hasbecn  successfully  followed 
by  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  Lord  So- 
merville,  Dr.  Parry,  Messrs.  Coke. 
Toilet,  and  many  other  public-spi-  of  the  shawls  made  in  that  country, 
jrited  agriculturists.  on  the  principle  of  which  if  is  ma* 

This  new  and  curious  article,  nufectu red.  Our  pattern,  yellow  and 
Which  may  be  had  of  various  co-  |j  purple,  is  extremely  lashionable 
lours,  is  the  closest  imitation  of  the  ;  tor  mantles  and  pelisses  :  it  is,  J 
leal  India  shawl  fabrique  ever  pro-  '  evcrj  marJe  of  many  other  colours. 
d need  in  this  country,  and  reflects  \  These  three  silks' arc,  as  usual, 
the  highest  credit  on  the  skill,  in- 1  half  vard  wide. 

^  It 


who  for  some  years  past  have  been 
very  much  neglected. 

No.  3.    A  new  satin  twilled 
This  beautiful  article,  verj 
for  dresses  and  pelisses,  displa 
variety  of  shades  according  tu  the 
reflections  of  the  light,  and  p  >-- 
considerable  advantage,  in  respect 
durability,  over  common  silk.      It 
is  manufactured  ol'  a  great   variety 
of  colours. 

Xo.  1.    The  Persian  double  silk 
derives  its  name  from  its  imitation 


190 


3Poetrjn 


ADDRESS 

To  Alexander  Dun  das  C.  an  Infant 

apparently  near  Dissolution. 

Go,  lovely  babe,  in  meekness  rob'd, 
Go,  ere  thy  feelings  have  been  prob'd 
By  falsehood's  stings,  or  keen  regret, 
Go  from  a  world  with  ills  beset; 
Go  from  the  pure  maternal  breast, 
To  which  thou  art  so  fondly  prest; 
Go  from  thy  father's  dear  embrace, 
Go  to  thy  better  biding-placc; 
Go  from  this  restless  speck  below, 
This  scene  of  perfidy  and  woe  ! 
Go  from  this  sin- fraught,  mad'ning  earth, 
And  burst  into  immortal  birth  ; 
Go  wash'd  in  thy  Redeemer's  blood, 
Go  and  partake  with  him  the  good, 
Which,  ere  this  globe's  foundation,  he 
Prepar'd  in  heaven,  sweet  boy,  for  thee. 

Such  counsel  reason  strives  to  give — 
But,  oh  !  thy  sire  would  have  thee  live ! 
If  there  be  in  Lavater's  rules 
More  than  the  baseless  dreams  of  schools, 
The  grand  formation  of  thy  head 
Would  have  thy  steps  to  glory  sped  ; 
Thy  tow'ring  front,  thy  marking  eye, 
Express  a  mind,  a  courage  high, 
Supreme  in  council  or  command, 
A  blessing  to  thy  native  land. 
Thou  might'st  have  liv'd  like  Pitt  to  rule, 
Like  him  disinterested,  cool, 
Decisive,  firm,  serenely  great, 
Stay  and  preserver  of  the  state; 
Or  else,  like  Rosslyn,  dealt  our  laws, 
And  justly  judg'd  the  righteous  cause, 
All  eloquent,  like  him,  have  mov'd 
Thy  hearers'  souls,  and  truth  approv'd  ; 
Or,  like  thy  other  namesake*,  shone, 
Th'  unshaken  bulwark  of  the  throne, 
Devoting  with  a  patriot's  zeal, 
Time,  talent,  to  the  public  weal, 
Diftuiing  good  on  all  around, 
The  friend  of  worth  wherever  found. 

♦  Lord  ST, 


Or  had  dread  war  thy  service  claim'd, 
Thou  might'st    in  tight   have  foremost 

flarn'd, 
Perhaps  some  act  sublimely  bold, 
Had  down  the  tide  of  ages  roll'd 
'Mongst  Britain's  bravest  sons  thy  name, 
Emblazon 'd  by  the  hand  of  fame, 
Thou   might'st  like  them  have  France 

defied — 
Like  Wolfe,  like  Abercrombie,  died  ! 
Like  Nelson,  or  like  Moore,  their  grate- 
ful country's  pride. 
Delusive  visions  ! — but  last  night 
These  fancies  fill'd  me  with  delight ! 
Now — sad  reverse  ! — convulsive  paini 
Rack  thee,  and  writhe  thy  tortur'd  veins; 
Thy  life  and  death  are  in  the  scale, 
And  who  can  say  which  will  prevail  ? 
God,  God  alone  ! — Here  let  me  rest — . 
Whatever  lie  ordains  is  best. 


THE  HEAVY  HEART. 

Go,  lie  thee  down,  old  man,  and  die  ! 

For  fate  prepares  th'  unerring  dart : 
Come  then,  thou  last  expiring  sigh, 

And  prove  the  warning  of  my  heart ! 

My  heart  is  such  a  changeling  grown, 
It  weighs  so  heavy  in  my  breast, 

I  scarce  can  think  it  is  my  own — 
Some  other  is  my  bosom's  guest. 

But  whose  it  is  I  do  not  know : 
Mary,  I'm  sure  it  is  not  thine  ; 

For  not  one  joy  does  it  bestow, 
To  no  one  good  does  it  incline. 

No,  'tis  not  thine — I  would  it  were, 
For  then  I  never  should  complain ; 

Then  I  should  all  those  virtues  share, 
Which  in  thy  gentle  bosom  reign. 

Then  I  the  tender  thought  should  know, 
The  wish  from  sordid  int'rest  free, 

The  sigh  that  heaves  for  others'  woe, 
And  friendship's  faithful  sympathy. 


POI  THY. 


101 


MCI  MN  mine,  hut  fef  away 

Prom  in\  poor  boion  they  are  A 
la  tins  cold  beaxl  they  will  not  stay  ;  — 

Tins  heart  can  never  DC  my  own. 

It  doc  •  not  throb  n  ith  anxious  f! 
Not  has  it  itrengtb  to  beavc  ■  moan; 

It  d i  iu>t  till  tbc  eye  with  toon  i 

It  surely  cannot  be  m)  ownj 

M\  hearl  was  evw  itoul  and  bold, 

Whatever  demon  croet'd  my  way; 
Hut  now,  alas!  'tis  i<  :y  cold, 

Nor  t  lu  i  ir  imu  hit  throughout  the  day. 

Not  a  gay  thought  finds  entrance  there  ; 

Noi  .1  warm  feeling  malcei  it  glow  ; 
Nor  is  it  vet  o'erwhelm'd  with  care — 

But  in  m  v  breaet  it  sinks  so  low, — 

So  low — it  makes  my  life-blood  creep 
in  chilling  current  through  my  veins; 

Till  night  cornea  on,  und  friendly  sleep 
Throws  its  dark  mantle  o'er  iny  pains. 

But  when  I  wake  from  busy  rest 

(For  dreams  unceasing  round  mc  fly), 
1  hear  the  echo  of  my  breast — 

"  Lie  down,  old  man.  lie  down  and  die!" 

Could  I  that  kind  command  ohev, 
It  would  my  drooping  spirits  cheer; 

How  should  1  haste  to  tlee  away, 
For  I  am  sick  of  being  here  ! 

Thou  sad.  desponding,  dreary  gUOSt, 
Leave  me  with  all  thy  gloomy  train  ! 

Oh  !  quit  the  mansion  of  my  breast — 
Let  my  own  heart  come  back  again. 

But  if,  malignant,  thou  wilt  stay, 

Oh!  may  thy  currents  freeze  and  dry  ! 

O  Time,  arrest  them  on  their  way — 
"  Let  the  old  man  lie  down,  and  die  !" 


To  the  Memory  of  Sir  J.  Moore,  K.  B. 

While  Fr«ncc her plund'iing  Myrmidons 
disgorg'd, 
And  deluged  Europe  with  her  blood- 
stain'd  hordes  ; 
Britain, to  b  urst  t  he  chains  a  tyrant  forged, 
To  guard  the  rights  of  Spain — her  aid 
a'dords. 


Hei  Patriot  King,  t"  cheer  the  tanddie- 
'd, 
Sent  his  brave  w.n  riot  ito  It"  i 
To  save  a  prince  by  ty  rami  '  1, — 

To  giM-  them  victory,- 
Mooai  • 

Led  by  their  gallant  chief,  the  troops  aoV 

\  nice, 

Till  unsu  tain'd  by  those  th<  y  fought  t« 
save ; 

Alike  the  friend  of  Spain  and  SCO!  I 

I  ran*  ••, 
The  gallant  Mooai  ri  I  i  bis 

re. 

Poremost  tolcad  hisdanger  (coming  I 
The  budding  (oared  o'er  bis  temples 

w  ;i\  c ; 
(When  the  bold  chieftain,  on  the 
nish  strand, 
'Mid^t  victory  fell !)  those  laurels  deck 
his  grave. 

The  marbled  column  and  the  sculptur'd 
bust 
May  give  to  infamy  a  dcatl. 
But  nobler  trophies  shade  the  hero' 

And  nobler  feelings  consecrate  bis  fame. 

Tis  not  the  title  royalty  impart-., 

'Tis  not  the  monument  a  Senate  rears; 
But  'tis  those  "  sacred  shrines,"  the  peo- 
ple's hearts, 
Whose  grateful  incense  it  a  nation's 
tears. 

As  when  the  forest's  pride  fierce  light- 
ning rends, 
Struck  by  the  sacred  fire  of  Heaven  it 
lies ; 
Yet  from  its  root  a  kindred  oak  ascends. 
With  native  grandeur  tow'ring  to  the 
skies. 

Thus  shall  "  his  spirit,"  hov'ring  o'er  our 
shores, 
Inspire  compatriot  youths  like  him  to 
bleed; 
While   future   ages   boast   their   vct'ran 
Moo 
And  future  Moor.Es  to  future  Moores 
succeed. 

S.  B.  Fr. 


192 


MARRIAGES  AND  DEATHS, 
Arranged  in  the  Alphabetical  Order  of  the  Counties. 


BFDroRDStURE. —  Died.}  Miss  M.  Odell, 
of  Bedford.—  Mr.  Mawbv,  of  Bedford.— The 
Rev.  J.  Dcvy,  D  I). 

Berkshire. —  Married.']  George  Keylock 
Rasden,  B.  A.to  Miss  \.  Townsend.— M.  B. 
H   Beach,  esq.  to  Miss  C.  •'.  Mount. 

Died.]  At  West  Hanney,  Miss  E.A.Godfrey. 

BUCK  IN  OH  IMBHIRE. — Married.]  AtAylcs- 
Lui  v,  T,  Tindul,  esq.  to  Mis*  Anne  Chaplin. 

Died.]  The  Rev.  P.  Stanhope  Smelt,  M  A. 
of  Aston  Abbotts—  At  Aylesbury,  Mr;  T.Beit: 

—  \t  Walton,  the  Right  lion.  Lady  Augusta 
Bennett. 

C  a  m  im  i  dg  esh  i  n  r —  Married]  T.Lindscll, 
esq.  of  St.  Ives,  to  Mis;  Margaret  Hurt. 

Died.]  Mr.  Win  Dayly,  of  Cambridge,  aged 
76. — At  St.  Ives,  Mr.  Robert  A  mas. 

Cheshire. —  Married.']  3.  Price,  esq.  of 
Mona  Lodge,  to  Miss  Lloyd. — Mr.  Joseph 
Howell,  to  Miss  E.  Billington.— Mr.  J.Okell, 
of  Stutton,  to  Mis»  Stanley. 

Died.]  W.  Maekey,  esq.  of  Hamlbridge, 
■ged  70. — Mr.  H.Gregory,  oftheWoodhouses. 

—  Thomas  Cash,  of  Morlcy. — Aged 83,  Mr.  T. 
Spcnce,  of  Chester. — Aged  tf:j,  Mr.  T.  Nailor. 

Cornwall. —  Married.]  Captain  Hamilton, 
of  Falmouth,  to  Miss  j\  Duckworth. 

Died.]  The  Rev.  C.  Powlett,  aged  8 1,  rector 
rf  St.  Martin's,  near  Looe.  —  At  Bodmin,  the 
Rev.  John  Lake,  M.  A.— At  Falmouth,  Mr.  B. 
Incledon,  aged  <J2. — At  Redruth,  Serjeant  T. 
Broad. — At  St.  Tudy,  Lieut.  Barnsley. 

Cumberland. —  Married.]  The  Rev.  J. 
Waller,  to  Bliss  Wade,  of  Appleby. — Thos. 
Parker,  esq  to  Mis  s  Spcdding,  of  Whitehaven. 
—Mr.  J.Beattie,  to  Miss  M.  Holuihead. 

Died.]  At  Coatham  Hall,  Garth,  Mr.  Thos. 
Poilhouse. —  At  Penrith,  Mrs.  J.  Relph, 
aged  81. 

DEVONSHIRE.  —  Married.]  At  Woodbury, 
Captain  A.  R.  Hughes,  to  Miss  Jane  Huckell 
Lee. 

Died.]  At  Bishops-Lidyeard,  Miss  S.  Yea. — 
The  Rev.  W  Kitson,  aged  o«,  of  Exeter.— At 
Barnstaple,  H.  Grihlcs,  esq. — S.  Stevens,  esq. 
of  Beerferris, — At  Saltash,  R.  Hickes,  esq. 
aged  90. — At  Plymouth,  Major  A.  A.  Camp- 
bell of  the  42d  Royal  Highlanders; — Lieut. 
Parkins,  of  the  1st  West  York  militia. 

Essex  — Married.]  W.  Nolan,  esq.  to  Miss 
M.C.Brimwin,  of  Bradwell  Hall.— C.  Bon- 
ner, esq.  to  Miss  A.  Colthrop. 

Died.]  At  Belchamp  Hall,  the  Right  Hon. 
the  Countess  of  JJundonald. — The  Rev.  Wm. 
Henry  Reynell,  vicar  of  Honehureh. — At 
Great  Ilrord,  E.  Goudhart,  esq. — Wm.  Cole- 
man, esq.  ofMaldon,  aged  81. 

GEO L' (  est krs ii  1  ee. —  War/ -ied.] Sir  Edward 
Synge,  Bart.  1o  Miss  Welch,  of  Gloucester. 

Died.]  At  Nailsworth,  in  consequence  of  a 
fall  on  the  ice,  .Mrs.  Hay,  relict  of  Haniel 
Hay,  esq. 

HAMPSHIRE. —  Married.]  J.  Moore,  esq. 
Of  Newport,   to  Miss  Isles. 

Died.]  At  Tangier  Park,  Thomas  Limbrey 
Sclater  Matthew,  esq. —•Lieutenant-General 
fciMxvt,  formerly  commander  in  chief  of  the 


East  India  Company's  forces  in  Bengal.— H. 
Harmood,  esq.  justice  of  the  peace  for  this 
county. 

Hertfordshire — Died.]  Wm.  Milward, 
of  Hoddesdon,  in  his  soth  year. — At  Tring, 
Mr.  G.CIaydon. 

Hi  reiordshire.  —  Died.]  At  Hereford, 
James  Woodhouse,  esq. 

hr.\T. — Married.]  At  Maidstone,  W.  Scu- 
damore,  esq.  to  Miss  Uavies,  of  Mortlake, 
Sum— H  Willmott,  esq.  to  MissG.  H.  Gre- 
gory.— At  Littlebourne,  Mr.  Franklin,  aged 
88,  to  Miss  .Mary  Dewcl,  aged  17. 

Died.]  J.  Anderson,  esq.  surgeon  R.  M. 
Woolwich. — At  Barton,  Allen  Grebell,  esq  — 
At  Beckeubnm,  G.  W.  Hickes,  esq. — At  Ey- 
thorn,  the  Rev.  Philip  Papillon,  rector  of  that 
parish  and  vicar  of  Tunbridge. —  At  Troy- 
Tcwn,  the  lady  of  Captain  Alexander  Ander- 
son, of  the  Royal  Marines. 

Lancashire; — Died.]  Mr.  W.  Dansoa,  of 
Sunderland,  aged  70. — The  Rev.  Mr.  Baldwin, 
justice  of  the  peace  for  this  county.— Mrs. 
Vanbriigb,  aged  83. — The  Rev.  J.  Griffith, 
M.  A. — At  llulme,  Mrs.  Leaiherbarrow,  aged 
J06  years — At  Liverpool,  Mrs  Stanley. 

Leicestershire. — 2Wed.]AtSeagrave,  the 
Rev.  R.  A.  Ingram. — At  Stapleford,  Miss 
Waddiugton,  aged  aa. 

Lincolnshire.  —  Died.]  At  Broughton, 
Mrs.  Radcliffe.— At  Uccby,  Mrs.  Field. 

M  inui.E.  i:x  — Married.]  Captain  Pulteney 
Malcolm,  R.N  to  Miss  Elphinstone.  —  A, 
Hawkes,  esq.  to  Miss  Barradaile. — Captain  J. 
G.  Peters,  to  Miss  Read. — Captain  P.  Parker, 
to  Miss  M.  Dallas. — George  Wills,  esq.  to 
Miss  Sophia  GrifKn. — B.  T.  Claxton,  eso.  to 
Miss  L.  A.  Anderson.— The  Rev.  H.  H.  Bar- 
ber, of  the  Bristol  Museum,  to  Miss  Smith. 

J)ied.]  In  Old  Burlington-street,  aged  70, 
his  Excellency  Count  Rruhl,  many  years  mi- 
nister of  the  Elector  of  Saxony  to  his  Britan- 
nic Majesty,  knight  of  the  order  of  the  W  bite 
Eagle. — At  his  house  in  Whitehall,  aged  80, 
James  Duff,  Earl  of  Fife,  Viscount  Macduff, 
Baron  Biaco,  of  Kilbry.de,  in  Ireland — John 
Seaiy,  esq.  aged  7'i. — John  Francis  Moore, 
esq. — In  Argyle- street,  Lady  Lumin. — Lieut  - 
Colonel  Botiiwell. — Wm.  Montague,  esq.  of 
the  Grave,  Camber  well. — Mrs.  E.  Hervey. — 
Dr.  John  Hunter,  F.R.S — Miss  Langhain. — 
L.  D  Campbell,  esq. — The  infant  daughter  of 
Lord  Milton. 

Norfolk. — Married]  At  Feltwell,  the  Rev. 
Wm.  Newcome,  to  Miss  Catherine  Clongb. — 
M.  C.  Horslcy,  esq.  to  Miss  Isabel  Philps. 

Died]  At  Lynn,  Captain  Baxter. — Arthur 
Brantbayt,  esq    of  Stiffkey. 

North  a  m  ptq  s  s  h  1  re — Married.]  At  Carl- 
ton, Brio-General  Montresor,  to  the  Right 
Hon.  Lady  Sondes. 

Nottinghamshire. — Married.]  The  Rev. 
J.  Robinson,  to  Miss  Maria  Stanser,  of  Bul- 
welL — At  Nottingham,  the  Rev.  J.  Grundy, 
to  Miss  Ann  Hanooek. 

Oxfordshire. — At  Headington,  the  Rtv 
Win.  Perry,  to  Miss  Harriet  Finch. 


I  Mi    DIV1D1 


; 


SiiHoviiiui         \Jani(        <  bs 
esq.  of  afhn  ■•   Xi        •    Hardlno,  — 

•1  !„•  Hi  x   (.   V\    Sim  «,  i"    i       8.  <    Hirl 

SO  .11   II     I    I  ■  II  I  It  I  '/'■  ■■'  '  ,   1 1" 

Rev.  1  ttart,  i"   Hlsi  Ann  5|i 

At  (  lift)  •  .  in  .1.   Liu  lol,  Hi«   H.\.  '<   U 
lb) 
/>„*.■        i    i       ,i,,,i,    il,.     II. .n.    Sir  Jacob 
Wolff,   Burl     -At  lt.<t li,    H     II   Jeffn  | •.  .   q 

Rn     li    <  Sii   .1  .r  —  \t 

irougb  Hou  r,  Wi   ton,  uu  I!  ith 

liiov.n 

si  \  i  i  uu  i>  in  1. 1  i.' on  i  '  T.  Ilianuill, 
<  M  .i  ,.i  i.i.  infield,  to  Mill  S  Robins 

si  i  !  oi  i,  /)...;  \i  Beech  ,  'I..  R<  \  Dr 
Temple. — Al   Linstead,    Mr.   R.    1><  no; 

HCUTCt'l)   ii I lou.  .1  liiiilM'lf  tin    n.  >  <  5 

I  he  .In  .1  «<n ill  I3,00of 

Si  nuv      /'.  d  i    \i    Broad  Green,  A   Cal 

il.l.  n;li,  .  i.|        VI  Uu  liiimu.l,  III.    Visa 
dr  <  'ambit. 
Ki      .  >     -Afarried.]  The  Ren   Mi    Baldwyn, 

\    Rig  ■-,  ol  I    iitboui  in   <  a 
J>ml  |  At  VToedbidiiig,  Sn  Francis  Vincent, 
M  i      Pi  j  i  hi,  i<(  \\  akebural  pi 

.\l    \  i  uu. I.  I,   .Mi  s    Sh  inli.nun. 

\\  mi»  n  nsHini  -  Died  |  J.  Barnard,  esq 

bauki  i ,  "I'  •  oi  nliill. 

\\  1 1  i  >hiiil  —  Harried.]  \t  Heytesbury, 
tin-  Hon   w  m   Eliot,  to  Mi-s  \.  Court 

/»«./.]  Mrs  Baken iiii-,  oi  I'l'uiinii  House, 
in  ;n  Marlborough. 

Won.  i'ii  mhike  —  •  kfi  n  i  d  1  The  Rot. 
Mi    Mm  (in,  to  Mist  Dm  kwoith. 


^  mi  Kintal 

1 1  i!    i.   i  I,    .    .|      i  \t 

A  si. in,  John  <  n.  1 1  ltd,  • 
..i 
1 1  \t  foi  k,   Hi  ! 

aldt-rm 
nilif ■■  ..I  lord  inoyoi  mi,...  mil  . 

Sl  I.II.IMI  \JoT\    r:  ill 

\\ .  ni». n  th  Si. ii  .. 

Sk.   ii. 

Uu,/  I  ,\i  Monti         i 

limy,  ..;•  'I  •    I 

\  s i >  -  -  I '  -•         Air 

< .i.  \,  to  M  , 

iii.  Ri  \   v\    Bm 

nf  ill.-  Bishop  ol  K  ill  ii;i 

D  U     -I.  ■■        •    ,    ^  .il.  rl.nl,    th     II. .n. 

Mi.    DM 

At  Stonyl 
I .  B,  B 

ii  (Hi. uu  I    lloiij man   —1  lie 
I  in    <  !ool<  ■ 
jade  ii m< Ji  i  1 .01  'I  I'agi  t. — In 

•  <  ...i '.  dI>ui     .,   \ i  ilmr 
Branthwuit,  esq      On  board   the    IVlurj 
port,  on  ln<   pa  l  » 

<    III.    S\  III*    -,      l.t       I  .  .  HIM    III.      1 

lOdor  10  ill'    king 

of  an  nit  i  ■  iting  occoant  ><i  tbat  count i 

Corunnn,  of  ■  t 

fatigue,  Captain  F.J,  Uarly,  ..  i.ght 

dl  BgOOUS 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  BANKRUPTCY    !  AND  DIVIDE! 

liAMvlU  PTCISS 


■  tlieti    s  Namei  urt  6ctloe  -i  Parent httei. 

Ai.i.kn  Daniel,  Newgate  street,  ihoemaker  I 
'I.,  in-  and  Roche,  Church  yard,  Corent  caul.  a. 

Allen  William,  t'h.-uulu*  street,  shoemaker 
(Pitches  and  Sampson,  Swithin's  lane 

Aspland  William,  Kensington,  cheesemon- 
km  Popkin,  Dean  street,  Soho,  and  Knight, 
Ki  naingtou 

Atkinson  James,  Clevely  Mill,  Lancashire, 
miller  and  com  dea  r,  Lancaster,  and 

(  aimi  ami  Ilninu-ll,  Aldersg  itc  stret  t 

Baumer  George,  Cambridge  Heath,  Mid- 
dlesex, stockbroker  (AspitiaJI,  Quality  court, 
Chancer^  lone 

Brntlej  Peter,  College  Hill,  Thames  street, 
stone  manna  (Locket,  Wilson  street,  Fmsburv 
square 

Billing  John,  Raveuthorp,  Northampton, 
voolcomber  (Baucott,  Long  Buekby,  North- 
ampton 

Bnardman  Thomas,    the    younger,    late   of 
Manchester,  but  now  a  prisoner  in  Lancaster 
castle, liquor  merchant  (loulkes and<  > 
Manchester,  aud  FouUtea  and  Longdill,  Gru>'» 
inn 

Brown  John,  Little  East  Cheap,  choetcanon- 
%<"t    (Gn  u:oi  \ .  (  i.  -ii.  ui's  mn 

Brown  William,  Wormwuod street,  l.oudon 
wall,  victuallii     (Taylor,  <  raven  street 

Browne  Joseph,  Liverpool,  merchant  Grif 
fifth  and  Hiude,  Liverpool,  ami  \\iudie,  John 
street,  Bcdj'oid  iu\v>  Louden. 


Carter  John,  Bishops  ,  inrichaut 

Palmer,   '1  ■  ,  Cop- 

tliulj  court,   1  broKmoi  U 

»  uttrll  Henry, Duke  street^  Worship  ffjiiBrr, 
silk  manufacturer    Coote,Auntin  Priara 

Cbeldren  Gio.g..  Duv  r, naddter  iBarura, 
Clifford's  inn,  and  Sliipdwn,    I 

t'ho\ri-  \\  illiaiu,  (hihi  r'a  I.  oton,  U'arwick- 
shire,  innkeeper  ami  molt  la  Tebbutt  and 
Shuttles  in  ih,  (ji  ..v's  in n  ><jua.  • .  sasd  t  ioppcr, 
Marlu  t  Bosmoi  th,  l.< .. 

Claj  Ralph,  Hackney,  merchant 
I  ■  .nit,  Budg 

Coanop  Jo-,  j  li.  and  Colem  in  I. 
Ui-d  Lion  sl  lycn 

ton,  l'u  en   I  (.onihill 

l  oj  \\  il  i.au,  H.  \ti>u,  Hertrord,  L  . 
(Townsend,  Sl  ipk  -  isai 

Davenport  Joseph,  and  John  Finney,  A      r 
maahury,  mn r boots     Warraad,4 
Biulgi-  row 

Davenport  Thomas,  Derby,  linen  v. 
(Warraad,  l    .  .    Budge  row 

1  tat     -    i  •.  i  id,     '  en,     ironme 

i,  Gray's  inn  square,  and   M 
Uvett,  Bristol 

re.  King  '.mJ  read,  co*  k 
I 

Dean  Joseph,  IJirmingham,  Wtrwid 
paaner  Kinderley,  Long,  ami  Inee,  ' 
mn,  and  Berwick,  Birssingham 

l)e  Prauo.lobiie,  J.uii  street,  lead  -.ntichant, 
[Pcarce  and  Son,  Swithin's  lane 

Dewor  Andrew 
(Gibbs,  Rv<  .  . 


m 


BANKRUPTCIES    AND    DlVir>E\Dr. 


Eastwood  Jonas  and  John,  Saddlcworth, 
York,  dyers  (Ingham,  Dobcross,  York,  and 
Meredith  and  Rohhins,  New  square,  Lincoln's 
tun 

Fdmonds  Elias,  Monument  yard,  wine  mer- 
chant    (Savcl,  Surry  street,  Strand 

FJe  Stephen,  Cannon  street  road,  St.  George, 
Middlesex,  mason  (Burt,  Gould  square, 
Ciutched  Friars 

Klstob  Henry,  Sunderland,  Durham  (Black- 
teton,  Synioiurs  inn,  London,  and  Thompson, 
Bishopw  f  a>  mou  t  h 

Eustace  William,  Little  Carter  lane,  Doc 
tors'  Commons,  cabinet  maker  (Sweet,  King's 
Bi  nch  walk,  Temple 

Evans  Sarah,  Wolverhampton,  carpenter 
(•Sn.ni  t  and  Thomas,  Staple's  inn 

Fairbridge  William,  Gough  square,  Fleet 
street,  dealer  and  chapman  ^  Brace,  New  Bos- 
well  court 

Fisher  Benjamin,  Dudley,  Worcester,  wine 
and  spirit  merchant  (Kinderloy,  Loug,  and 
lnee,  Gray's  inn,  aud  Smith  and  Arnold,  Bir- 
mingham 

Fox  Richard,  Rugby,  Warwick,  scrivener 
(Kinderley,  Long,  and  luce,  Gray's  inn,  and 
Palmer,  Coieshill,  Warwick 

FrowThoma6,  Mablcthorpe,  Lincoln,  inn- 
holder  (Baldwin,  Lincoln,  and  Spencer, 
Lamb's  Conduit  street,  London 

Ganc  Job,  Trowbridge,  Wilts,  carpenter 
(Tinibrell,  Trowbridge,  and  Debary  and  Der. 
by,  F.mer  Temple,  Loudon 

Gillam  John,  Cambridge,  merchant  (Gee, 
Cambridge,  and  Sundys  and  Horton,  Crane 
court,  Fleet  street 

Glover  William  and  John,  Poultry,  haber- 
dashers (Mason,  St.  Michael's  Church  yard, 
Cornhill 

Gorton  Richard,  Pendleton,  Lancaster,  cot- 
ton sizcr  (Edge,  Manchester,  and  Ellis,  Cur- 
fcitor  street,  London 

Grater  Robert,  Stoke  Damarell,  Devon, 
scrivener  (Santer,  Chancery  lane,  and  Hurley, 
Gaddon,  near  Cullumptou,  Devon 

Greenwell  John,  South  Shields,  Durham, 
butcher  (Bambridge,  South  Shields,  and  Bell 
and  Brodcriek,  Bow  lane,  Cheapside. 

Hand,  Joseph,  Wormwood  street,  London, 
warehouseman  (Marson,  Church  row,  New- 
ir.gton  Butts 

Heckford  William,  London  street,  RatclifTe 
Cioss,  victualler  (Lingard,  Lower  Chapman 
street,  St.  George's  East 

Hetheringtoit  David,  Low  Crosby,  Cumber- 
land, drover  (Birkett,  Bond  court,  Walbrook, 
and  Bond,  Carlisle 

Hickson  Thomas,  Leicester  square,  hoot- 
maker  (Jones  and  Roche,  Covent  Garden 
church  yard 

Hoare  Thomas,  and  William  Allen,  Wal- 
tham  Lane,  Herts,  calico  printers  (Bond,  East 
Imiia  Chambers,  Leadenhall  stiect 

Hoaie  Thomas,  Waltham  Lane,  Herts,  vic- 
tualler (Bond,  East  India  Chambers,  Lea- 
denhall street 

Horsfall  William,  Hampstead  road,  victual- 
ler (Wavue,  Old  Broad  street 

Howe  J.  Waleot,  Somerset,  grocer  (Shep- 
bard  ana  Adlinpton,  Bedford  row,  London, 
and  Shephard,  Bath 

Hunter  James,  Whitehaven,    Cumberland, 


I  mercer  and  draper  (Adamson,  WhiteJlavenj 
and  Cicunell,  Staple's  inn,  London 

Irclan<l  John,  Romford,  Burr  street,  East 
Smithfuld,  and  Lower  Thaines  street,  coal 
factor     (Mayhew,  Symond's  inn 

James  John,  Bristol,  cooper  (Stephens,  Bris- 
tol, and  Sweet,   King's  Bench  w  alk,  Temple 

Jenkins  David,  Llantrissent,  Glamorgan, 
linen  draper  (James,  Gray's  inn  square,  and 
Cook,  Bristol 

Jones  Jane,  Dolyddbyrion,  Carnarvon,  tan- 
ner (Edmunds,  Exchequer  othce  of  pleas, 
Lincoln's  inn,  and  Williams,  Carnarvon 

Jones  William,  Reading,  nurseryman  (Saun- 
ders, Reading,  and  Holmes,  Great  James's 
stmt,  Bedfoidrow 

Knight  Samuel,  Whitecross  street,  cloth- 
factor  aud  woollen  diaper  (Vizard,  Lincoln's 
inn 

Lancaster  Benjamin,  Scarborough,  ship 
owner     (Barber,  Chancery  lane 

Lewis  Thos.  Bedminster,  Somerset,  bacon 
factor  (Frowd  and  Blandford,  Mitre  Court 
buildings,  Temple 

Lloyd  Thomas  Hughes,  Poultry,  London, 
and  Walworth  Common,  Surry,  slate  mer- 
chant    (Rippon,  Bermondscy  str.  Southwark 

Machall  Thomas,  Criggleston,  York,  but- 
cher ( Batty e,  Chancery  lane,  aud  Brooke, 
Wakefield 

Mackenzie  Roderic,  King's  Arms  yard, 
London,  merchant  and  factor  (Blunt  and 
Bowman.  Old  Pay  office.  Broad-street 

Mawson  William,  Kendal,  cotton  spinner, 
(Chambre,  Chapel  street,  Bedford  row,  Ri- 
chardson and  Fall,  Kendal 

Merry  Jonathan  Hatfield,  West  Smithhcld, 
London,  oilman  (Russen,  Crown  Court,  Al- 
dersgate  street 

Miall  Samuel,  Wapping,  brewer  (Cooper 
and  Lowe,  Southampton  buildings,  Chancery 
lane 

Morris  John,  Greenwich,  builder  and  car- 
penter (Aliens,  Clifford's  inn,  and  Parker, 
Greenwich 

Morton  Richard,  Manchester,  drysalter 
(Johnson  and  Bailey,   Manchester 

Murton  Joseph,  Hull,  dealer  and  chapman 
(Cottsworth,  Hull,  and  Exley  aud  Stocker, 
Furnival's  inn,  London 

Parker  William  Rigg,  Hchdon,  York,  cot- 
ton twist  spinner  (Scofield,  Skiptou,  York, 
and  Swale  and  Heel  is,  Great  Ormond  street, 
or  Staple's  inn,  London 

Payler  Thomas,  Greenwich,  merchant 
(Pearson,  Temple 

Phillips  John  Coates,  Bank  house,  Keigh- 
ley,  York,  cotton  spinner  (Hardacre,  Coluc, 
Lancaster,  and  Wriglesworth,  Gray's  inn 

Powell  Henry  John,  Ixbridge,  builder  and 
carpenter     (Mills,  Ely  place 

Proctor  William,  Great  Ealing,  Middlesex, 
dealer  in  hay  and  straw  (Gale  and  Son,  Bed- 
ford street,  Bedford  row 

Richards  George,  Cornhill,  bookseller  (Bol- 
ton, Lane,  and  Lane,  Lawrence  Poultney  Hill 

Riddelstorftcr  George  Augustus,  White- 
chapel,  haberdasher     (Hurd,  Temple 

Row  William,  St.  Peter's  Quay,  Northum- 
berland, ship  builder  (Atkinson,  Chancery 
lane,  and  Bainbridge,  Newcastle  upon  Tyne 

Salter  John,  Beimondsey  New  road,   Surry, 


BANKRUPTCIES'    a.nu   jui  vii>i  n  f.« . 


)'    > 


carpenter     (Heymott,    Barrow*!    buildings, 

Ulael.f.  ISI  a   i  0  "I 

Scott  i  Gray'a  inn  lane,  buildci  (Winck> 
ley,  I. Iim  .  oiu  i,i,  mule 

Scot  I  Thomas,  Manington,  Kmi,   victual- 
Ur  |  Bin  \  ii,  ( 'anti  i  bui  \ ,  sud  Dynt 
inn,  Ii.  it  itrei  i 

Soot  I  I  limn  i  ,  the  elder,  Thomas  Scott,  the 
younger,  und  Dowson  Scott,  Carthorpe,  \  ork, 
grocers  end  merchanti     Riff,  North  Allerton, 

ami    Lodingl mil    11,11,    I  •  nipli 

Sbapson  William,  Sheffield,  inuki  1 1"  i     Pai 
Iter  Mid  Brown,   Sheffield,  and   Blagrave  tod 
Matter,  Symond,i  inn,   London 

Skyring  laobarieh,  Bucklenbury,  carpen- 
i' '       Bond,  I  i.i  India  i  bambi  rs,   I  i  a  lenhall 

Oil     •  I 

Staalej   s. ii. ill,    Derby,  p. i       Warrand, 

Caatle  com i,  Buil^t  row 

Stennei  Thomas,  Briatol,  carpenter  and  join* 
n       Boah  and  Pi  .'ii  sua,  Briatol,  and   I 
dale,  Alexander,  aad  Holme,  .\n>  inn,  Loudon 

Symonda  John,  Ramadon,  Oxford,  borac 
dealer  (Attwood,  Enaham,  Oxford,  end  Ed- 
munda,  Exchequer  office  of  pleas,  Linen   inn 

Taylor  Michael,  John  Latham,  and  Elijah 
Belcher,  Liverpool,  merchant  a  (Reigbley  m- 
Orred,  Liverpool,  and  Cooper  and  Lowe, 
Chaucer]  lane 

I'o'i.kin:.  Saurad  Mather,  Stanton  St  .lobn, 
Oxfordshire,  dealer  and  chapman  (Walah,  Ox- 
ford, and  Townsend,  Staple's  iun,  London 

Tucker  John,  and  Richard  Rothwcll,  Maa- 
cheater,    cotton    manufacturer!      (Redheads,   ' 
Manchester,  ^ud   Mi|ue  and   Pony,  Temple, 

1  ondon 

Wataon  William,  Tothill  atreet,  Westmin- 
ster, linen  draper    (Hurd,  Temple 

Watts  William,  Briatol,  hoeier  (Bin, 
Hatton  Garden,  and  Beaver,  Wallefield 

Webater  Michael,  Witharu,  Vork,  builder 
(Prickett,  Hull,  and  Wntkius  and  Cewnci, 
Li  in  olu's  inn 

Wilkinaoa  John  Henry,  late  of  Bend  court 
Wallbreok,  (actor,  but  now  in  the  Kii.g's 
bench     (Brown,  Pudding  lane 

Wiltia  George,  Bath,  cabinet  maker  Ed- 
uiiiiul.  Chancer]  lane,  and  Miller  and  Micp- 
{'  trd,  Hath 

Wiunard  Janus,  < Irrnskirk,  Lancaater,  brew- 
er (Blackstock,  St.  M  ildved's  court,  Poultry, 
ami  Wright  and  Palmer,  Ormskirk 

Wood  Thotuaa  and  George,  Kirkby,  Mai- 
aeard,  York,  butchera  (Coatee,  Ripon,  ami 
Lodington  &  Hall,  Secondariea  oilier,  Temple 

DIVIDENDS. 

Althaea  W,  Tokeahouae  yard,  London,  bro- 
ki  i,  March  ,~ — Ballantyne  W.  Savage  gardens, 
Tower  hill,  merchant,  Feb   85 — Burton  11  ma- 
to,   Manchester,  dyer,   March  7 — Bcetaon  H. 
G.  Gray's  inn  square,  mone]    scrivener,  Feb.  M 
It— Bird  H.  Briatol,  tea  dealer,  March  M — 
Bishop,   Mulliner,   Robert  and  W  illiain,  Caaa- 
bridge,  woollen  drapers,  Ma]  8 — Bland,  J,  ami 
.1   Satterthwaite,   Fen  court,   Loudon,  broken, 
Feb.  35 — 31and  J    Feu  court,  insurance  hi»- 
ker,  Feb.  ^5 — Bowers  \V.  Cannon  street,  comb 
maker,  March  20 — Bowers  N.  W.   Cannon  st 
comb  maker,   March  go — Bowers  N.  W.  and  1 
W, B.  Cannon  street,  comb  makers,  March 
m — Bowanuit  J.  Water  lane,  brand]  anerchant,  |l 

No.  111.  Vol.  1. 


May  y     <  1; tt.n  J    1 . 1  I,  < 

warehouseman,  March ',  Child  G    I    1 

scrivener,  Feb.  I       I  r  J      I 
Mam  hi  Feb. 

I     I   iv.  ij,....l,    an 

M.   Craves    treat,  M 1,   1         .    M 

(  ollip  J     Great  F 

Man  ho— Croft  M     1 

Maaks,   HunsU  1,  uw  n  hanta,   Feb 

!  [aliraa,  1  mk  and  King  itreet,  1  oadea, 
mi  k  beat,    Feb      •— -Curtis  J.  1 
linen  draper,  Feb  Di      •  P   I 

•jj  —  Davieavl    Holborn,  linen  draper, 

a-  Dai  -  8    Bur]  atreet,  St  Ipril 

Dearie     r.  and  M.  1     '  •  '■■■■  ■' 
Soho,  tan  in  1..  ■  p.  1  ,  Feb   7  -  Di  I 

■  J,    ili.ipir,    1 

Robinson,  w  '""l  itn  1 1,  Londea,  I  I 

1  ..  ,, .  1  _.    1:    pai  igon  plae  ,  Kent 
timber  merchant,  Man  I  B    Sal- 

ford,  Mam  I"  1. 1 ,  1  i.tt.iii  n. 
1 1 — Gill  .'  Browm  bill,  Gli 
Apr.  7—  Goods  in  W.  a  ri  ami 

w  .  atminati  1    bt  idge  road.   I 
Feb.  9— Greenwood  J,  and  W    Grimaldi,  Old 
Bond  stu-it,  auctioned  ,  March 7 — Hait  H. 
Qn  .11  (  oram  itn  1 1,  Bruusu  m  broker, 

l<l'.;  —Hilton  W ,  and  J  J.  Oxford  road, 
ilia|.i  1  -,  l.  ii  is—  llubl.i  raty  J  L.  Lii 
inn,  barrister,  March    11     Hnoej  C.  sad  II 

Newgate  street,    linen  drapers,   Jum    -'7 — Jo»  I 
M.  High  kin  i  t.  Slum  .lili  D,  d  *  and 

earthen  v.  are,  Man  Ii  1  I — Jolinbiui  1..  Btroding 
hart   yd    <  liaili  s    >t       Haltmi    |  ink  ii,    I  alum  t 

makca  Jan  n — Kennioi  J  the  i  Idt  t ,  N irholai 
lam,  broken,  Feb.  jb — King  J.  sad  H  l 
King,  Cereal  garth  u,  silk  saercets,  Feb  1  — 
King  J  Con  at  g  mien,  silk  nn  in  i,  I  <  l>  ta — 
Mylue  G.  Jeffrey 'a  aquare,  anerc  beat,  Feb  i- 
— Nantes  H.  Warnford  eoart,  Thragsaertea 
strut,    merchaat,    1  '<  b.    !•— OfjUrj   H     '■ 

Mylne,  ami  J    Caalmi  i-,  J<t'V<  > 'simian  ,  in.  I 

chants,    Feb.  is — Pan  J    ()     Sullolk    hwe, 

Loiulon,    insurance    broker,     Mai  eh    ]  i 

cock  R.  Turnnilt  at  ClukesjwcU,  carrier,  Fab 
84 — Price G.  Tottenham Ct.  rd  liquersaenht. 
Feb.  .'." — ShepheaidW.   Boswell  comt, 
rener,  Feb.  is — Senna  R.  Mark  lane,  Londea, 
and  Neu  (  roes,  Deptford,  prnvision  saerchant, 
Mai eli  7 — Bpotthrwoode  Robert,  Austin  1 
scrivener,  Feb.   10    Btainhnak  C.  t>ld  Bond 
street, print  seller,  March  ii — Sutton  J 
Cheapakle,  goldasnkh,    Feb    M — Tmnant  J. 

Oxford  atreet,  wine  and  brandy  merchant, 
March  14 — Tbmni.^mi  \\  Dean  street,  Sontb- 
wark,  mi  reliant,  lib  at— Tutlar  G.  Hounds- 
il  tch,  alopseller,  April  It — Vina  T.  ClesneuCa 
inn,  Lasabard  street,  dealer,  1  <  b.  i  — u  anl  J 
Bcisaeadaty,    brewer,   Feb.    ji— ^'.  vl 

GrentCambridgestn  <  t,  Ha«  knej  read,  bsulder, 

.        -\\.  ttoe  J      Tall- Mall,    \ 
l.s— \\  ilki!.>ou  J.R.   Thite  I'ak  la 
down,  cooper,  May  9 — ^  ilson,  J.  and  w     vt 
Martin's  le Grand,  wan  1>^'     14  — 

Winwood  I'..  bbmj  s.  Tbodey,  Poultry,8 
tacton  ami  ghweis,  Apr.  Id — Weed  J.  Mid- 
tiibl,  Sussex,  victualler,  Feb    it— Wright C 
AhJgate,  robacconiat,  Apt  -     WrigleyJ    Pitt 

-t,<    t.     I'  d,    iiat    ■    I 

IMi  •_ : — Zaclserj  11.   1 
sieV  ,  Irish  RMter,  Feb.  is. 

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METEOROLOGICAL    JOURNAL, 

Kept  by  ft.  B.ixks,  Mathematical  Instrument-Maker,  Strand,  London. 


THERMOMETER. 

WE^TUIMJ 

1809 

BAROME- 

 1-  -■    -. 

I 

JAN. 

TER. 

1 

1  t:~i.        »  

Ugli- 

L.OW- 

Day  of 

9  A:M. 

g  A.M 

jP-M 

est. 

est. 

Day. 

Night. 

23 

29.67 

22 

31 

33 

30 

Fair 

Sleet 

24 

29.40 

32 

33 

40 

33* 

Rain 

Rain 

25 

89-43 

d6 

33 

39 

32 

Cloudy 

Ditto 

C6 

29.28 

44 

44 

40 

40 

1  air 

Ditto 

27 

29-51 

48 

48 

40 

46 

Rain 

Close 

28 

2959 

48 

58 

50 

46 

Fair 

Ditto 

29 

2920" 

46 

47 

48 

45 

Rain 

Fine 

30 

29-32 

45 

4b 

48 

43 

Ditto 

Raiuf 

31 

2976 

42 

42 

44 

40 

Fair 

Close 

FEB. 

l 

29-77 

46 

SO 

53 

48 

Fair 

Ditto 

2 

29-52 

48 

49 

51 

47 

Rain 

Rain 

3 

29-91 

50 

45 

52 

42 

Ditto 

FairJ 

A        • 

29.45 

44 

43 

46 

42 

Ditto 

Ditto 

5 

29-38 

43 

43 

46 

42 

J)it!o 

Ditto 

c 

29-42 

44 

46 

48 

36 

Ditto 

Rain§ 

7 

29-89 

38 

35 

40 

31 

Uitfo 

Close 

s 

29.9O 

32 

33 

34 

33 

Cloudy 

Rain|| 

9 

29.39 

42 

48 

50 

41 

Rain 

Ditto 

10 

29.28 

47 

47 

50 

44 

Ditto 

Close 

11 

29.21 

44 

46 

48 

11 

Ditto 

Ditto 

12 

28.83 

-1 1 

48 

■i'J 

40 

Ditto 

Ditto 

)3 

28,81 

44 

46 

4.0 

42 

Ditto 

Ditto 

14 

29.36 

45 

47 

49 

42 

Ditto 

Ditto 

15 

29.70 

46 

46 

51 

41 

Ditto 

^     Rain 

l6 

2().83 

44 

47 

49 

45 

Fair 

Ditto 

17 

29.58 

46 

49 

53 

44 

Ditto 

Close 

1H 

29.80 

48 

4l> 

55 

38 

Rain 

Fair 

If) 

30.46 

42 

40 

48 

44 

Fair 

Closed 

2° 

30.27 

46 

4<> 

50 

34 

Cloudy 

Fair 

*  At  eleven  heavy  snow. 
^  At  eleven  fine,  inclining 


■f  Tremendous  wind, 
to  frost.         ||  And  hail. 
the  moon,  indicati 


J  At  eleven  Orion  and  the  moon  brilliant. 
•Jf  Fine  till  eight.     Halo  circumscribing 

nsr  moisture. 


PR  I 

Of  Fire-OJice,  Mine,  Doe/:,  Can  a 

Institution  Shares,  c\c. 

Albion  Fire  &  Life  Assurance  £60  per  sh  pm. 
Atlas  Fire  and  L:fe     -     «.     -       Par. 

Eagle  ditto Par. 

Globe  ditto £l  13  O  per  rent. 

Hope  ditto  ,  -  -  -  .  18s.  per  !sh.  pra. 
Imperial  ditto  -  -  -  -  £4  per  ct.  pm. 
Rock  Life  Ass.  -  -  -  4s.  to  5s.  persfc.  pm. 
Commercial  Read  Stock  -  -  114  o  percent. 
Fust  India  ditto  -----  1250  percent- 
West  India  ditto        -     -     -     -   170  0  ditto 

London  ditto         118^0  ditto 

Grand  Junction  C:>r.al  Shares      1330  per  sh. 
Grand  Surrey  ditto      -     -     -      jf60  0  ditto 
Kennett  &  Avon  ditto     -  4  Opersh.  pm. 

Thames  &  Medw.  do.  new  sh.   jt'io  0  pm. 


CES 

/,  Water-Works,  Br ewerv^  Sf  Public 
<$r.  for  Februjry  1809. 

Golden-Lane  Brewery  -      -     so  o  per  sh. 
I    Lancaster  Canal     -     -     -     -     170  ditto 
Fast  London  Water- Works      46(1  pirsh.  pm. 
South  London  do-   -  -  -  -    30gs.  to  31gs.  pm. 
West  Middlesex  ditto     -     -     20  0  ditto 
River  Lea  Bonds     -----  £-3  a  75  per  cent. 
Loudon  Institution        -    -     si  o  per  share 

Surrey  ditto 32  0  ditto 

Commercial-Road  Stock     -  114  o  percent. 
Vnuxhall  Bridge  Shares       -     Par. 
Kent  Fire  Office  -    -    -    -     56  Opersh.  pm. 
Hope  Cattle  Insurance    -  -  -  -   Par. 
Drui y-!ane  Theatre   .£"500  renters  sh     £'300 
Covent  Garden  m  w  Theatre   £'500  sub- 
scription share  -----  3ogs  to  37  gs  pm. 

LEWIS,  WOLFE,  and  Co. 
Change  Alley. 


Printed,  fur  R.  AcKxnai-iNN,  by  Uarruson  and Ruittr,  .37 3,  Strand. 


REPOSITORY  OF  JUTS,  LITER  I'TURE,  S'c.  Xc. 


fltrtjcTtisrmrnttf 
For  M  A  U<  II    I,    IMk 

[Th  l>r  confirms*1   W«  "My.] 


Bond   frsaf,  ' 

PIN!     LR1 

'.  Aki>  <  IB  Mi.  i>  it  gnat   pit  Mare  in 
I,  ton    lotincr  to  tbe  Public,  that  tbe  First 

/,!/•         .  i"  ".  ..;,  irtng*  from  1 1  ■•  -  Kiv  >  VIED  (  Dl 
i  i  ok  Pictures,  i      is  read]  I  n  di  livei  > 

■    ct  of  this  Workis  to  give,  inaSelccI 

of      , .  .vi ■  .  r  the  ttw      i  Ictun  -,  correel  rep 

•   r  .        ,ii  in  <  loloure,  of  the  cbai  m 
tii  :^in     i    c  I    nci  -    which    distinguish   tin-   beat 
\  of  Titian,    Carraoci,    Bromoafc,    tht    ttea 

y  ;  .     Ouido,     Dominickina, 

i  Wuritlo,  and  Claude  It  Lorraint. 

■  he  Hngrai  ing«  a ill  all  be  executi  >i  (> o  o  faithful 
Copies  made  l>\  Mr.  W.  H.  Ca>Aio,  and  will  each 
In  i,  inches  in  its  larger  dimensions ;  Mas  to  form 
ao  elegant  Set  of  Cabinet  Pictures. 

The  Work  will  be  divided  iota  Six  Camber*,  dim 
to  lie  published,  if  possible,  every  third  Month  i 
each  Number  will  eontain  two  engravings,  aocean- 
panied  with  ■  concise  History  of  each  Picture,  and 
a  Sketch  of  1 1  ■* -  I *.i i : » t «  r's  Life 

Tlw  list    Najobei  «iil  present  to  the  Public  the 

celebrated  ParrratJ  of  R<  nbrandt,  from  the  <  orsini 

Palace,  and  a  beautiful  handscapi  i>\  I        .    L  Lor- 

.  from  tlir  Collection  <if  the  lata  Doc  de  Choi- 

BJ  ill 

A  more  enlarged  Pros  pectus  is  ready  for  circula- 
tion. 

CIRC!  i   kTING  LIBRARY, 

19b.  ii,   Tavistoci-street,  Covent-Garden, 

Jamfs  CasicuTOa  most  respectfully  informs 
hi>  I  "iic  mis  :i  ml  the  Public,  that  he  continues  in  aug- 
ment his  Circulating  Library,  by  the  daily  addition 
of  valuable  ami  expensive  Hooks  in  every  class  of 
Lit*  rature. 

Subscribers  to  this  Library  ma]  he  assured  of  be- 
ing liberally  supplied  with  the  nu^i  modern  Publi- 
cations, condncirt  to  information,  amusement,  and 
useful  instruction. 

Grateful  tea  discerning  public,  for  the  patronage 
In  has  hitherto  experienced,  J.  Creighton  will  per- 
severe in  the  ntmost  exertioni  to  aserit  a  contiua- 
aaee  of  favours. 

Catalogues  and  cards  of  the  term-  may  he  had  on 

application  at  the  Ulnars 

QJRDO 

Net,   Pur.tr,  and  Twist   Manufactory. 

Tiif  NoMlity  and  Gentry,  are  respectfully  in- 
Ibrmed,  tbe  above  Business  is  removed  from  St. 
Jameses-street,  to  No  34,  Golden-Square  Having 
for  man)  years  exp«  rienced  the  approbetioa  and  pa- 
trouage  of  tbe  Nobility,  T.  (;.  hatters  himself  they 
will  continue  to  honour  him  » ith  th  ii  Comm 

N.  B.  1. a. lies'  own  work  made  ap  in  a  superior 
manner.     A  great  variety  of  Plain   and  Varies 
Purse  Twist,  to  form   Patterns      <  lu  mile,  Gold, 
and  Silver  Tassels  and  Sliders,  ami  every  other  Arti- 
cle iu  the  Netting  Branch. 

Nettasg  meaded  auJ  cleam  J 


Ft  \  I  M  \  1  I  '  i  M   P 

i     HorrMAN,  Statioat  r  i  Duks 

of  Kcut  si '  and,  six  <  •  lied- 

i    d 


i.,,  ,i  .lull,  oppoi  lie  tin  .\ili  IpbJ 


Qiiin 
I.   d 

77,  in   -  -   -    1      D 
/  -14 

Large  t) 
I  thick  I 


,.  |d. 

I'.      0 


Quire 

M.     d 

l    ngiH      i 
i  t    1    fl 

/   i  i 

•  4  do 


Willi  all  Kind*  »f  Paj  -turut 

and  Station'  ■    equally  moderate. 


SP  INISH   DH  i  5S1  5, 

In  ,    an-   on    Sliou   at   M     •   Bl    ' 

i  in-,  No  u,  Blenheim-street.  Bowd  atrccl  The 
Winter  Stock   of   Millinery,     P  «       linals, 

6cc.  will  be  sold  considerably  undei  Primi 

I    -   Thirteen   Yrart 
Tlir.  IRISH  I.l\i  v  <  OMPANY 
Have  opposed   the  injurious  Plan  of  whitening 
■  nh  Muriatic  Ami  ;     ami  foi  tax 
t  Im  y  have  kepi  s  Houai  opi  n  in  London  foi  I 
riusiv.  salt  of  their  Manufacture  and  Bh 
are  ta  be  bad  in  this  I  .   -t  tm  i  I 

house,  No.  4,  Btaomsbury  Square,  near  Jiouthamp- 

l  on   -In  i  1,  U  sding  to  (>  ollxx  :i 

No  Auieli    -ol. I  Imt  Iiu-ii  Liken  —  . 

than  ■    ^n  is. 

One  Piece  at  Wholi  -ul-    Pi  ice,   ami  n- 

eter  made. — Each  Phw  ts  warranted  a-  t"  Fatsrat, 
and  tu  be  bleached  on  th*  G  .  ""i  tla  Moacj  re- 
turned if  a  fault  appears. — Orda  I  *iih 
nnnctualit]  - 

Cash  -ii  mmal  for  Rank  of  !■• '  md  N 

.1.  O'Hrii  n.   Agent  to  the  (  O'ipanw. 
Ko.  4.    Bloomsbury-SqHare,  is   their  only  House  in 
London. 


A    Nl\>     AM>     Ml'llUIIR      I'ltU'ARATION     for 

Cleansing  and  Improving  the  Skia.— -The  Jklmmd 

andRpi  I  -t  fh  a-ant  clesms- 

•  t    of  tie    sk  ii,    |>o--.  -.inc    all    th 
\  i.  im  v    ,.|"  the   mjn 

derives   its    name.       It   readers  tan    Pace,  Neck, 

Anns  il.  beati  hj  fin,  soft,    aad  am 
kf  ever  so  coarse,  hard,  or  red;  and  prevents  their 
being  chapped  in  the  -  the*.     It  has  the 

he  alaaeassj  ^e.  ami  ret  nm 
its  virtaea  for  any  length  of  time,  in  everj  climate, 
which  renins  it  valu.ilili  for  exportation — l'r.  par- 
ed onlv  b]  MaXHBV,  Piri'iHiur  to  their  Koyal 
Highnesses  the  Princem  af  Walea,  l>uke  and 
DuchcsS  of  York,  aad  aosd  whaaesali  aad  retail  at 
bis  warehoo  -.   No.  '.  Portmaa- 

aanare,  at  is.  the  piece,  "-  6<1.  tht  indfshmea,  and 

108.  the    .  o/en.      A  literal  Allo«.ine<    lothelrado, 

Country  Dealers,  and  Meav&amts  hi  expo 

-     -  «."  whicb 

in  a  biH  sigaied  with  his    name,  and  am 
the  puucii'.il  Pertuuuxs  in  towu  »nj  countiy. 


ADVERTISEMENTS    TOR    MARCH,    1809. 


/T  the  PATENT  SOFA  BED  and  CHAIU 
BED  MANUFACTORY,  Nos.  l&and  17,  Catha- 

rinc  Strut,  Strand,  a  new-invented  patent  Side- 

Board  and  Dining  Table Morgan  and 

Sanders  having  at  a  very  considerable  expence 
established  a  large  manufactory,  and  also  built  <  \ 
tcnsiv.-  wan-rooms,  for  tli  •  purpose  of  exhibiting 
for  Bale  a  great  variety  of  Upholstery  and  Cabinet 
Furniture,  for  the  furnishing  of  bouses;  a  great 
part  of  which  art  articles  perfectly  new  in  princi- 
ple, extremely  fashionable,  and  universally  ap- 
proved of. 

It  is  presumed  a  generous  public  will  pardon  the 
liberty  taken  of  advertising  such  desirable  improve- 
ments and  new  inventions,  so  much  needed  in  the 
various  articles  wanted  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  Nobility  and  the  public  in  general;  in  parti- 
cular the  i  itent  Sideboards  and  Dining  Tables, 
combined  in  one  piece  of  furniture ;  the  Imperial 
Dining  Tables  and  the  portable  Chairs;  the  Patent 
Four-Post  and  Tent  Bedsteads,  and  especially  the 
much-admired  Sofa  Beds  and  Chair  Beds  /with 
every  other  species  of  Cabinet  and  Upholstery  Fur- 
niture in  the  first  style  of  modern  elegance  and 
fashion,  and  on  terms  the  most  advantageous  for 
prompt  payment. 

East  and  West  India  articles  manufactured  on 
purpose  for  those  climates,  and  upon  entire  new 
principles;  very  portable. 

Morgan  and  Sanders  have  no  connection  whatever 
with  any  other  Manufactory  in  London. 


NEW  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 

This  day  was  Published, 
Price  os.  sewed,  containing  07  sheets  of  letter-press, 
handsomely  printed   by    Ballantyne    and  Co.  in 
quarto,  on  a  fine  wove-demy  paper,  with   u  new- 
type,  and  numerous  plates  engraved  in  a  superior 
manner  from  original  drawings,  made  exclusively 
for  this  work,  Volume  I.  Part  I.  of 
THE  EDINBURGH  ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
Conducted  by  David  Brewster,  LL.  D. 
Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh,  and  the 
Society  of  the  Antiquaries  of  Scotland;  assisted 
b<i  many  of  the  most  eminent  Literary  and  Scien- 
tific Characters  in  the  United  Kingdom. 
Being  a  New   and  Complete  Dictionary  of 
Arts  and  Sciences;  in  which  every  Article  is  en- 
tirely Original,  and  written   expressly  for  the  pre- 
sent undertaking ;  by  which  means,  it  is  presumed, 
this  work  will  be  rendered  one  of.  the  most  valuable 
productions  that  has  been  submitted  to  the  Public. 
To  attempt  a  recommendation  of  works  of  this 
description  seems  wholly  unnecessary,  the  great  es- 
timation in  which   similar  publications   have  been 
held  by  the  Public  being  an  evident  proof  of  their 
utility.     The  extraordinary  core  ami  acknowledged 
ability  employed  in  the  compilation  of  the  EDIN- 
BURGH Encyclopedia,  it  is  hoped,  will  render 
it  peculiarly  worthy  of  the  public  attention. 

***  The  Work  will  be  published  in  parts  ;  one 
of  which  will  appear  t very  six  weeks,  price  Os. 
but,  for  the  convenience  of  Subscribers,  it  may  also 
be  had  in  half  volumes,  consisting  of  two  parts, 
price  18s.  i  •  beards. 

Printed  for  J.  M.  Richardson,  No.  S3,  Comhill, 
opposite  the  Ftoytsj  Exchange,  London;  Oliphant 
and  Brown,  Edinburgh  ;  and  the  other  Proprietors  1 
sold  also  by  Stcddart  and  Craggs,  Hull;  N.  Mahon, 
Dublin;  S.Archer,  Belfast;  Edwards  and  Savage, 
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K  ingdom. 

t+t  Prospectuses  of  the  Edinburgh  Encyclopae- 
dia may  be  had  gratis,  «F  ail  the  above  Booksellers. 


No.  34,  Rathbone-place,  Or/oid-tlrect.. 

S.  &  J.  FULLER,  manj  years  with  Mr.  En- 
ward  Obme,  New  Bond-street,  respectfully  beg 
leave  to  inform  the  Nobility  and  Gentry  that  they 
have  just  opened  an  elegant  Shop,  at  No.  84,  Rath- 
bone-plaec,  where  they  have  on  Sale  a  most  choice 
collection  of  !  in -Vrccns,  elegant  Poles  for  ditto, 
V  ork  Tables,  Face  Screens,  Card  Racks,  Flower 
Ornament?,  Dessert  ditto,  Hyacinth  Stands,  Ridi* 
cules,  Work  Bag.-,  Baskets,  &c.  .xc.  with  every  de- 
scription of  Fane)  Papers,  Borders,  and  Medallions, 
for  polite  and  useful  amusement, — S.  &  J.  F.  like- 
wise beg  leave  to  0  Fer  for  their  inspection  and  use, 
n  superior  sort  of  Playing  Card,  which  they  manu- 
facture, of  the  finest  texture. — Windows  fitted  up  in 
imitation  of  Stained  Glass,  and  the  most  beautiful 
specimens  of  Transparent  Spring  Blinds  to  be  seen. 


N.  Middleton,  Pocket-Booh  and  Black  Lead 
Pencil  Maker  to  the  King  and  Prince  of  Wales,  at' 
the  original  Manufactory,  No.  IDS,  Strand,  oppo- 
site Newcastle-street,  begs  leave  to  recommend  t» 
the  Public  his  genuine  Black  Lead  Pencils, 
whose  superior  excellence  has  been  for  more  than 
fifty  years  universally  acknowledged;  and  Pencils 
for  drawing  in  colours  (of  a  late  invention).  To  tlis- 
tinguish  bis  Pencils  from  counterfeits,  the  mark, 
which  was  formerly  only  Middleton,  is  now  changed 
to  N.  .Middleton,  and  the  direction,  No.  169,  Strand, 
London,  stamped  en  each  Pencil.  An  extensive  as- 
sortment of  pocket-books  and  thread-cases,  elegant- 
ly mounted  in  gold,  silver,  and  plain;  a  compute 
assortment  of  travelling,  writing,  ami  dressing-cases  ; 
Gentlemen's  packet  commode,  containing  every  ar- 
ticle for  shaving  and  dressing;  portable  writing- 
and  dressing  desks  and  boxes,  in  mahogany,  satin 
wood,  leather,  Js.  c.  Writing  paper,  extra  fine  cut 
large  pens,  fine  Irish  and  Dutch  sealing-wax,  and 
ull  kinds  of  stationery;  portable  and  counting- 
house  letter-copying  machines.  These  machines, 
by  which  writing  may  be  expeditiously  and  clearly 
copied,  are  brought  by  N.  .Middleton  to  the  utmost 
perfection,  and  comprised  in  a  mahogany  case, 
which  forms  a  complete  desk;  some  so  small  as  to 
be  of  the  greatest  convenience  to  those  who  travel  ; 
others  of  a  size  and  form  to  answer  the  purpose  of  a 
complete  secretaire.  A  large  assortment  of  razors,- 
and  all  kinds  of  line  cutlery. 


TO  THE  LADIES. 

Til  F  present  Fashionable  Costume  is  particularly 

calculated  t>>  display  to  advantage  the  exquisite 
fairness  which  is  almost  peculiar  to  the  Ladies  of 
this  country  ;  and  she  who  has  the  fairest  Skin,  way 
Ih'  considered  the  most  t>cautifiil  woman. — It  is 
therefore    no   wonder    THE  SICILIAN    Bloom   ok 

Youth  and  Beauty,  is  an  appendage  to  the 
Toilet  of  every  fashionable  belle;  for  this  impalpa- 
ble Powder,  while  it  communicates  to  the  Skin  the 
most  brilliant  Fairings,  is  so  natural  in  its  appear- 
ance, that  it  cannot  be  detected  by  the  most  scrn- 
tiuous  observer;  at  the  same  time  it  is  as  innocent 
as  milk,  and  so  permanent,  that  it  cannot  be  re- 
moved without  washing — Sold  by  W.  Green,  308, 
Oxford-street,  near  Dean-street;  Harding  and  Co. 
no,  Pall-Ma!l ;  Bay  ley  and  Blew,  Cockspur-  street; 
Bowman,  10_>,  B»cw  Bond-street ;  Bell  and  Co.  J4Q, 
Strand,  near  the  Lyceum  ;  and  by  most  respectable 
Perfumers,  in  packets  at  2s.6d.  each.  Observe, 
none  can  be  genuine,  unless  signed  by  the  Pro- 
prietor's Afeitt,  "  W.  Green,"  in  his  baud-writing. 


Ab\  ERTIIEMENTI    Hill    MARCH,     I  " 


1)n   JAM!     ■    INA1  I  PI  IC  PILLS' 

M  \  ^   I/,   li  id    ;.  ii  11  km  ,  as  ii  it  J,    it  'i'i   llu   I 
•  I   It   I'i  i  .  111,   •  i,  Southampton  -ii  1 1  i,  I  ovi  it-Gai 

<li  n,   London  ,   il ilj  |"i -">ii    who  rvci  |»i 

the     tnalcptit    Pill  ■   foi    ln<      lat<    Di     lAMCS,  from 

till      \'U      I  ,   ,   J,      VI  III   II    III      III  it    ■   iilll|l«  ■•   'I    I  ill    III,      lllllll 

the  Doctoi  i  iiii  i.i  i  P  »ili  iihi.Iv  iiii.in.i,  in 
prt'pan  i  them  from  tin  best  Drugi  I"  <  in  procun 
from  iIh  Druggists,  exactly  in  the  Mine  iiianuri 
bo  prepared  them  foi  Dr,  Jaonci  Tin  I  i  vie. 
Fowdih,   ii  Mil    ths   Packetj  with  liberal  allot 

•nC<    li>    I'i  :u  I  il  nun  i  .    .Hid  \  null  i  i 

MR  HANS  SLOAN E'a  RESTORAT1VJ  kND 
1:1  INIMAT1  NG  PILLS, 
For  those  ill  .in  ilng  Debililici  which  prevent 
01  render  unhappy  the  niarringi  itatt  long  experi 
c  in  ■■  haa  proved  Sit  Hani  Sloan i  RJ  rORA- 
Til  I    and   i;i  anhiai  i\<;   PILLS,  to  be  tha 

aaoat  certain  and  sovereign   I! ly.     A  pamphlet 

limn'  particular  I  j  descriptive  of  theii  virtm 
eontuining  nnch  useful  kuforraalion  foi  (In  Nei 
roua,  Debilitated,  Relaxed,  fee,  kc.  to  be  had 
(I'i  hi  il.)  al  Mi  Perrin'i,  23,  Southampton-street, 
Cum  ni  Garth  n,  Loudon  ;  where  the)  are  iold,  price 
i « ir  (>il  and  •<)3i.  tin  larger  Boxes,  containing;  the 
gjuantitj  of  four  imall  ones.  To  persona  in  the 
country.  Inclosing  payment  anil  postage  to  Mr. 
Perrin,  be  will  iinmediatelj  forward  them, 


^ii£ai7 


ARTIFICIAL  TEETH,  made  from  a  Substance 
with  Enamel,  which  does  not  change  cokmr,  and 
appeari  eonal  to  Nature,  ikilfullj  placed  from  one 
to  :i  whole  let. — Natural  To.  t  > »  placed  from  ;i  tingle 
to  a  complete  Set,  with  Gold  or  Artificial  Gums, 
on  reasonable  terms  Mr.  PRINCE,  Dentist,  at- 
tends  dailj  from  Ten  till  Pour,  al  bia  bouse,  No 
;»,  .iiilin  itreet,  Oxford  street,  where  he  performs 
all  Operations  on  the  Teeth  and  Gums  with  i ..  t 
and  safety — Mi  I'  fixes  the  above  Teeth  no 
enact,  thai  thej  can  be  worn  without  tying. 

THE  TEETH  AND  GUMS. 
Patron  IBKD  and  naed  by  their  Royal  High- 
aesses  the  Dukes  of  Clarence  and  Kent,  nud  Gen- 
tlemen in  the  Navj  and  Army,  who  have  found  the 
good  effects  in  long  Voyages — Thotti  it'-  Omi  n- 
t\i  Dentifrice,  or  Asiatic  Tooth  Powder, 
haa  been  for  twenty  yeara  recommended :  a  single 
1m>\  is  a  sufficient  quantity  to  ascertain  its  efficacj 
and  virtues,  being  acknowledged  by  the  moat  re- 
spectable Medical  authorities;  used  by  raanj  ami 
recommended.  The  Powder  cli  ansi  i  and  beat 1 1  :iii  ■ 
the  Teeth,  Bweeteni  the  breath,  possesses  no  acid 
that  can  corrode  the  enamel,  and  puts  a  beautiful 
polish    on    the  Teeth.     From    it  •  ncy  it 

strengthens  the  Gums,  eradicates  thescun  y,(u  hich 
often  proves  the  destruction  of  a  whole  set  ofteeth  , 
preserves  sound  Teeth  from  decay.— But  wh 
enhanced  it  in  the  estimation  of  those  who  have 
been  in  the  habit  of  using  it  is,  that  it  prevent!  the 
return  of  the  tooth-ache,  with  which  before  they 
had  been  violently  artlieted.  Likewise  a  Tincture, 
which  possesses  the  power  of  easing  the  most  vio- 
lent tooth-ache,  and  is  a  wash  with  the  Powder. 

A  Caution.—  Any  Asiatic  Tooth  Powder,  without 

"  M  Trotter"  on  the  Stamp,  an  counterfeits. — 
Sold,  Wholesale  and  Retail,  at  her  W  an  boose,  No 
3,  Beaufort-buildings,  Strand;  by  Mr  Smyth  Pi  r 
t 'niiier  to  his'Majesty,  Mr.  Rigge.  and  Mr.Gattie, 
New  Ho, ul-street ;  Baviey  and  Blew,  CoCkspor- 
stveet ;  Mr  Hendrie,  Titcbbw nc -street ;  Mr  Da- 
vidsou,  Fleet-street;  and  Rigge,  Cheapahik}, 


/..Hi,.  .         *•!    Il   I'  l   I   I    hi.  •      II  f  I  r 

. 

i.i  iii<   i  i  in  ii.   I  ...    ,    truss,  4u     I  i •  i  <<  i      I  M  i 
tobi  iniiiii  ill  ii.  u    rrniovi     them,  and 
■bin  m>I"  i    nil  i     rcr  than  il 
i  in  i       I  Pit      t  circli      ■  i    i 

Haul.  ,     ind  I  'mi  ii'i  died  in  ml  11-    I 

Il  m  •••III  Mrboleaab  sod  retail  b)  Ii     Perri 
Southampton  - 1  ■  •  •      <.'o 
all  tin    pi  in'  ui'l  Mi  I.' 

n  i  I  I  •  •  I '  i   o  n  k   i  n  I 

|i  ij  mi  ni  and  |  •    tag<   to    Hi    l' 
a  ill  iiniii'  diatel)  foi  w  srd  il  -     Pi  < 

I  ii  i    /        .    ,  I 

•  •I    I'i  i  mi  i  urn   and    I  i  I    <  >!  I  , 

for  moistening  I  be  Hair  when  tin  -  •• :  i .  _; .   wlmli   is 

■i  .i  iniiii  i  ib<  i  to  1 1,    ll.ii.    ■     i"  pi  ■ 
tin  iiin  .  grej  !••  ill  pel  iod  •  j   pi  ana 
and  m.iUi m  tin-  hair  gi  ow  t  h 

ing  "il  |  and  i  •   ton  •    ' 
the   i'  Several  l  that 

v. ■  ii-  bald,  hai e  d<  clan  A,  -i 1 1 .  i 
<  hi  i egulai  l\  for  -  >  .  iiimitlis,   thi 
came  in  :n  l\  i  01 '  i  •  'I  ii  i'Ii  bail  j  proraoti  - 1  y<  '•m»i) 
w  biskers,  and  prevents  them  tnrni 

The  Pro  mnseudi    Ladies  and  ' 

tlemen  who  wl  Ii  to  preaerve  their  bail 
thenseof  different  perfumed  Oils,  ai 
tin  perfume  causes  dryness  to  the  hair,  aml< 
lions  it  ;-i  change  colowr,  and  be  i 

rarly  age.     T In   Russia  Oil    i 
ranted  innocent,  and  ■ 

i  r  of  tin-  liair. 

Thi  high  reputation  thf  Russia  Oil 
for   preserving  and   promoting   tin 
great  demand  for  it,  has  indn< 
■om  t"  advi  1 1  .*-■  articles  foi  t  •  •      milai    •   i 
is  therefore   particular!]  recommended  to  i 
the  label  on  tl     outside  wr  ipp  rol 
signed,  in  Russian  gold  ink,  "  Mcm  bri 
I'riini- :''   any  without   that  lignature 

It   is  particularlj  lerviceablc  to  persons  wt 
m  tincial  hair,  as  it  ;iu  ■  it  a  n 
renders  it  sut'i   ami  beautiful.     It  is  g 
marked  bj  persons  using  artifii 
a  short  time  wearing  it  becomes  dr)  and 
cosily  discovered  that   it  h  artificial:  by  using 
Oil,  it   mi  *  entl  it  from  li>  il 

it   keeps  the  hair  soft,  and  renderi 

natural. 

Ptrlce  7s.   per    bottle,    or  one   I 
four  small,   at  one  guinea,    01 
tii  e  pounds. 

Sold  wholesale  and  retail  by  the  Propriel         * 
Prince,  No  9,  John-sti 
appointment,  by  Mr.  Smith,   I 

Neu    Bond-stro  t .  Hi  ndri< 
fitmers  to  her  Majesty,  Titchborm 
and  Blew,  Perfumers  to  the  Prince  i;.-i 
Wall  s,  and  I  m1.'-  and  Dui  )•■ 
■pur-ati set;  Harding    •  ■■-.  I ;      ■ 
Mall;  Newberry  a  id  S  ss, 
yard;  Dicey  and  Sntto      '        I 

md   Son,   Fie*  t  Mark<  I 
siiU-:  sh.-.u  and   Edwards,  66,  St    i'i     -• 
yard;   Berry,    Johnson,  ( 
Strand  j    I  ■ 

and  Son,   '    ,  Fleet-street;  Rig  I 

Baeou,  ISO,  Oxford  -tr«..  t -.  Wbithi 
Ward,  ,;'v,    Holbom;    Tun,    RoyaJ 
Bull,     Dublin;      Raebum,      Edinburgh 
Salisbury;   Crotwell,    Bath;    and   by  icon   r- 
pal   Pu fai whu  or   Medtciae  Venders 
Ireland,  and  Scotland.— Country  Shoy->  • 
a  liberal  allowance 


ADVERTISEMENTS    TOR  MARCH,    1809. 


CORRECT  LIKENESSES 
T.akf.v  at  Two  Shillings  ami  Sixpence,  and  Fire 
Shillings  each)  in  Mick,  and  Ten  Shillings  and  Six- 
i'i,.<t  in  colours.  The  outline  takeninone  minute  by 
a  Patent  Machine,  the  property  of  G.  Cryeu,  No. 
68,  Coruhili,  and  No.  98,  Fleet-street;  where  the 
most  accurate  Portraits  are  taken  in  Oil  and  Minia- 
ture by  Artists  of  tlie  first  eminence. 

FASHIONABLE  ORNAMENTS  at  his  established 
Gold  and  Silver  Lace  Shop,  No.  30,  Southampton- 
sir*  et,  Covnit  Garden. — GEOR6E  Grifi  KNHOOFE 
respectfully  informs  tho  Ladies,  and  the  Public  in 
general,  he  has  a  very  great  assortment  of  the  most 
Fashionable    Ornaments    for    Ladies'  Head 

Dresses,  with  all  other  kinds  of  G old  and  Silver 
Trimmings  for  Evening  Dresses;  also  very  hand- 
some Gold  Laces,  plain  and  mixed  with  chenille,  for 
cloth  and  velvet  Pelisses,  Mantles,  Shawls,  &e.  with 
Tassels  for  the  same.  The  advcitist  :•  Batters  him- 
self, by  the  very  great  encouragement  he  meets  n  ith 
from  the  first  families  in  London,  no  one  can  sur- 
pass him  in  the  Gold  and  Silver  Artificial  Flowers 
for  elegance,  and  of  the  greatest  variety. 


PATENT  SHAVING  FLUID, 
PATRONIZED  by  the  Royal  Family,  is  strongly 
recommended  for  its  ease  and  convenience,  as  it 
is  calculati  d  to  soften  the  heard,  nourish  the 
skin,  and  render  the  operation  of  Shaving  extremely 
easy,  leaving  the  face  free  from  that  irritation  oc- 
casioned by  the  use  of  ordinary  Soaps.  The  Shaving 
Fluid  is  iu  its  nature  purely  saponacious,  and  a 
few  drops  afford  a  fine  permanent  and  fragrant 
lather.  It  will  preserve  its  quality  any  length  of 
time,  and  in  any  climate,  and  is  strongly  recom- 
mended to  merchants  and  captains,  to  whom  a 
liberal  allowance  will  he  made. 

Manufactured  and  sold  wholesale  by  the  pro- 
prietor, W.  LF.r.,.7,  Oxford-street,  and  J  Burton, 
5,  West-street,  Soho,  price  2s.  6d.  each  Bottle; 
and  sold  'i\  all  the  Perfumers  in  the  united  kingdom. 


TRUE  CHELTENHAM  SALTS. 
The  superior  efficacy  of  these  Salts  is  too  well 
known  to  render  a  laboured  encomium  on  their  vir- 
tues necessary  ;  having  for  many  years  had  the 
sanction  of  the  fust  .Medical  Men  in  tbe  kingdom, 
by  whom  they  are  justly  recommended  to  those  af- 
flicted with  Scurvy,  Scrofula,  or  Bilious  Affections, 
Habitual  Costivcmse,  and  complaints  in  the  Head, 
owing  to  impaired  digestion,  or  want  of  tone  in 
the  stomach;  and.  in  ail  cutaneous  eruptions,  so 
prevalent1  al  the  present  and  approaching  season  of 
1!:.  year.  These  Salts  are  sold  genuine  by  Chap- 
man and  Pearson,  Chemists,  235,  Strand,  Temple- 
Par,  in  bottles  ai  2s.  yd.  each,  or  30s.  per  dozen, 
Duty  included. 

BEAUTIFUL  WOMEN. 

The  greatest,  blemish  to  Beauty  is  superfluous 
Hairs  on  the  Face,  Neck,  and  Arms;  Hubert's 
ROSEATE  Pom  DEB  immediately  removes  them,  is 
on  elegant  article,  perfectly  innocent  and  pleasant 
to  use.  Price  as.  and  7s.  Sold  by  the  proprietor, 
2",  RuEscll-stvcet,  Coven i  Garden;  Overton,  47, 
Bond-street;  Davison,  5Q,  Fleet-street;  Thorne, 
45,  Oxford-street ;  Dunuelt,  3,  Cheapside;  Baxter, 
Ed'Hibm1;  Lancaster;  Portsmouth;  Gould,  Bath; 
Hopkins,  Hull;  Cattle,  York;  Searle,  Leeds; 
\Ybitt  •  .  <  ■' t  :  Trcuman,  Fx  ter;  Prosser, 
Bristol ;  Brodie,  Salisbury;  Swinney,  Birmingham, 
Sheardown,  Doncaster;  Wood,  Shrewsbury;  and 
in  ivt.j  town. — Good  allowance  to  Dealers, 


PATENT  STOVES. 

ALLAN  POLLOCK  bigs  leave  to  inform  the 
noblity,  gentry,  and  pubic  in  general,  that  he  has 
received  Hit  Majdfty's  Royal  Letters  Potent  for  some 
important  improvements  iu  warming  rooms,  and 
has  now  some  Stores,  constructed  with  those  im- 
provrnients,  ready  for  sale;  two  of  which  may  be 
seen  at  No.  13,  Newman-street,  and  one  at  No.  10, 
New  Bond-street,  every  day  from  twelve  o'clock 
till  five. 

The  following  are  a  few  of  the  advantages  which 
his  improved  Stoves  possess  : 

They  produce  a  complete  circulation  of  air  in 
eve  rj  part  of  the  room,  without  those  currents  of 
cold  air  which  always  exist  in  rooms  warmed  in  the 
usual  manner : 

They  produce,  throughout  the  apartment,  nearly 
an  equal  temperature,  which  is  easily  regulated  1 

Part  of  the  front  of  the  Store  being  made  of 
transparent  materials,  renders  the  fin  visible,  al- 
lows both  light  and  heat  to  pass  into  the  room,  and 
preserves  the  cheerful  appearance  of  an  open  fire: 
One  form  of  the  stoves  is  constructed,  so  as  to  be 
nsed  either  as  a  close  or  open  fire-place  at  pleasure. 
The  external  surface  of  these  Stoves  being  pre- 
vented from  becoming  over-heated,  tbey  are  per- 
fectly secure  from  all  danger  of  fire,  and  may  be 
used  with  safety  in  places  where  combustible  mate- 
rials are  1<'  pt  : 

They  have,  in  every  instance,  prevented  smoke  ; 
and  are  also  free  from  dust,  to  which  most  fire- 
places are  subject : 

They  save  a  large  proportion  of  fuel  : 
Thej  can  be  made  in  a  variety  of  elegant  forms, 
and  the  cxpence  of  the  ornaments  may  be  suited  to 
the  wish  of  the  purchaser. 

From  their  diffusing  an  equal  warmth,  and  pro- 
moting a  free  circulation  of  pure  air,  they  will  be 
found  both  useful  and  agreeable  in  every  situation. 


ROYAL  BRITISH  ARCANUM, 
Or  Hair  Wash. 

Patronized  by  several  Illustrious  Branches  of  the 
Royal  Family- 

MACDONALD,  Humbert,  and  Co.  (late  Mao 
donald  and  Saigon!)  beg  leave  to  acquaint  the  No- 
bility, Gentry,  and  Public,  that  in  future  the  Royal 
British  Arcanum  will  be  sold  in  bottles,  with  tin ir 
nanus  cast  on  (lie  sides,  at  3s.  6d.  and  6s. — This 
Hair  Wash,  from  its  truly  appreciated  worth,  has 
found  its  way  to  the  Toilets  of  a  large  circle  of  the 
most  elevated  and  fashionable  Characters  in  the 
kingdom,  and  will  be  found  on  a  single  trial  to  ex- 
ceed in  effect  any  preparation  ever  offered  to  a  dis- 
cerning Public  for  the  Hair,  and  must  ultimately 
supersede  all  Oils,  Spirits,  &c.  or  at  least  limit  their 
use  to  alternate  application  :  it  is  a  well  known  fact, 
that  ardent  spirits  burn  up  the  Hair,  and  oily  and 
unctuous  substances  loosen  the  roots,  which  causes 
a  weakness  in  the  hair  and  makes  it  fall  olV.  The 
Arcanum  will  be  found  wonderfully  efficacious  to 
the  heads  and  hair  of  young  children,  as  well  as 
adults,  by  removing  every  particle  of  dust,  scuif, 
grease,  dander,  &e.  rendering  the  hair  beautifully 
glossy,  and  the  head  wonderfully  refreshed,  being  a 
perfectly  innocent  distillation,  free  from  all  oily, 
unctuous,  and  spirituous  matters,  differing  in  every 
respect  from  all  other  preparations,  and  is  exclu- 
sively the  only  truly  denominated  Hair  Wash  in 
England. 

Sold  by  the  Proprietors,  at  their  Gowland  Lotion 
Warehouse,  53,  Fong  Acre,  and  by  every  respecta- 
ble Perfumer  and  Medicine  Vendur  in  the  United 
Kingdom. 


THE 


Beposttorp 


01 


ARTS,  LITERATURE,  COMMERCE, 

Manufactures,  Fashions,   und  Politics, 

For   APRIL,     1S09. 


hZ\)t  J?ottrtt)  JpiiMfcflr. 


EMBELLISHMENTS. 

I.  M  vr  of  mr.  Cimir  \ 

•_'.  Two  Spaniels,  by  Howiti 

.'>.  l'i  1.1.  Dbbss 

k  Walking  Dbbss 

.">.    Lacrinoton,  Ali.f.n,    &   (n.'s  Tf.mi-lf.  of  Tin.  Mises,  Finsbury-Squarc     2'>1 
<>.  Fashionable  Window-Cwbtains 

7.    AlLBGOBIOAL  WoOD-CWT,   nit/i  Patterns 

COXTENTS. 


PAOl 

History  of  the  Useful  and  Polite  An-  i  I  I 

Introduction  to  some  Observations  on 

the  Arts,  |)\ ■  Juninus     .      .     .      20J- 
Musical  Query,   by  Phikphonus    .     205 

Letters  from  Italy ib. 

Amelia's  Letters 211 

Methodof  bleaching  Straw      .     .     21(3 
Experiment  on  Candies  .     •     .     .     217 
On  the  late  Discoveries   in  Electro- 
chemical Science      ...        218 
On  the  Waste  of  Agricultural 

Produce 220 

Sympathy,  by  Homo     .... 

On  Gas  Light 

Historical  Account  of  the  Crimea, 

liith  a  Map 233 

British  Sports 

Retrospect  of  Polities      ....     .'H 
Medical  Report 245 


rxi.r 

Agricultural  Report 

Literary  Notices  and  Intelligence  -H7 
Review  of  New  Music  .  .  .  .  _'tH 
Fashions  for  Ladies  and  fifnllflBI 

Temple  of  the  Moses,  Finsbury- 
s(|uare 

Miscellaneous  Fragments  and  Am  i  - 

dotes I 

Fashionable  Furniture      ....     254 

Allegorical  Wood-Cut,  with  Patterns 
of  British  Manufacture      .     . 

Poetry     

Marriages  and  Deaths     .... 

Bankrupts  and  Dividends      .     .     . 

London  Markets 

Prices  of  Stocks 

Meteorological  Table      .... 

Prices  of  Companies'  Shares     .     .      ib. 


TO  CORRESPONDENTS. 

Wc  earnestly  solicit  communications  (post  paid)  from  professors  of  the  Arts  in 
general,  as  well  as  authors,  respecting  wtrks  iv/tich  they  /nay  have  in  hand.  The 
evident  advantages  which  must  accrue  to  both  from  the  more  extensive  publicity  that 
will  be  given  to  their  productions  through  the  medium  of  t he  Repository,  needs  only  to 
be  mentioned,  we  conceive,  to  induce  them  to  favour  us  ivith  such  information,  which 
shall  alivays  meet  with  the  most  prompt  attention. 

The  Answer  to  the  Enquiry  on  the  Origin  of  drinking  Healths,  arrived  too  late  for 
the  present  Number. 

The  Letter  from  a  Painter  to  an  eminent  Physician,  could  not  be  admitted  this 
month  for  want  of  room. 

The  projected  Titles  for  New  Musical  Compositions,  arc  received,  and  shall  be  in- 
serted in  our  next. 

We  regret  that,  from  the  press  of  matter,  we  were  under  the  necessity  of  deferring 
the  interesting  letter  of  J.  H.  R.  dated  Halifax. 

The  figure  and  description  of  the  Canadian  Mus  Bursarius,  are  likewise  omitted 
this  month  for  the  same  reason,  but  shall  have  a  place  in  our  next. 

Juninus  ha*  our  best  thanks  for  his  numerous  and  ingenious  communications  on  the 
Arts,  which,  we  assure  him,  we  appreciate  very  highly. 

Hints  respecting  Women's  and  Children's  Clotftts  catching  fire,  are  reserved  for  a 
future  Number. 

The  author  of  Canadian  Incidents  is  informed,  that  we  cannot  pledge  ourselves  for 
the  insertion  of  his  story,  till  he  favours  us  with  the  continuation. 

Orlando's  lines  shall  appear  in  our  next,  and  we  request  his  further  favours. 

The  Unfortunate  Mother  shall  also  find  a  place  in  the  ensuing  Number. 

S.  B.  Vrome's  favours  are  received,  and  shall  be  duly  noticed. 

Angelica's  beautiful  lines  on  the  faded  Pensee  unfortunately  arrived  too  late  for  the 
present  month,  but  shall  be  given  without  fail  in  our  next  publication. 

Homo  is  informed  that  the  Intellectual  Compass  shall  have  an  early  place. 
Mr.  Cramer's  new  work,  Studio  per  il  Piano-forte,  reached  us  too  late  to  have  a 
place  in  the  Musical  Review  for  this  month,  but  shall  be  noticed  in  our  next. 

We  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  J.  Harriott's  poem,  and  of  many  other  valuable 
pieces,  which  shall  all  appear  on  the  1st  May,  either  in  the  Repository,  or  in  Me  Poetical 
Magazine,  the  prospectus  of  which  accompanies  this  Number. 


Till'. 


depository 


OF 


ARTS,  LITERATURE,  COMMERCE, 

Manufactures  j  Fashions,  and  Politics, 

For   APRIL,    1809. 


i-Jir  f:ow.t\)  /itimbrr. 


-Tbc  suffrage  of  tin  mi  ., 


'llic  (ii.usi    tli.il's  uoilli  a  ml  ii  t  i<>  ii,    it  .ill.iiu'd 
lt\  sciiM'  alone,    ami  dignity  of  muni. 


An  u -Tit  una 


HISTORY  OF  THE  USEFUL  AND  POLITE  ARTS. 

(Continued  from  page  136.) 


ARCHITECTURE   of  Tin:    itviiVLO- 
n  i  \  ss  A\n  PERSIANS. 

Taste  and  the  arts  were  known 

in  Egypt  before  they  penetrated  in- 
to the  regions  bordering  on  the  Eu- 
phratesj    where    Babylon  was  the 

source  and  center  of  civilization. 
The  ancient  historians  speak  with 
admiration  of  several  monuments  of 
Babylonian  architeeture  :  Herodo- 
tus, in  particular,  extols,  as  an  eye- 
witness, the  prodigious  si/e  and 
magnificence  of  the  temple  of  Belus. 
According  to  his  account,  it  was 
built  in  the  form  of  a  pyramid  of 
very  <rreai  extent  and  height,  con- 
taining a  lari,re  temple  below,  and  a 
smaller  in  the  upper  part.  This 
form  and  disposition  perfectly  cor- 
respond with  the  style  of  architec- 
ture which  was  introduced  subse- 
No.  IV.   Vol.  1. 


quent  to  the  period  of  subterraneoui 

temples,  for  Indian  pagodas,  and 
which  still  prevails  in  those  coun- 
tries. 

.\s  the  country  round  Babylon, 
toa  great  distance,  has  neither  tim- 
ber, limestone,  nor  quarries  of  any 
kind,  the  Babylonian  edifices  were 
constructed  only  < » r  1  >r i<  k-  cemented 
with  bitumen,  and  therefore  were 
tar  inferior  in  durability  and  skill 
to  those  of  the  I  |gj  |>ti;ui>  ■  (he 
columns  too,  in  the  former,  w .  r  • 
I  nothing  but  the  trunksofpalm-treea. 

lint  it  was   this  vcrv  want   of  large 

stones  for  building  that  occasioned 
the  invention,   by  the  Bain  Ion 
of  the  art  of  turning  arches,  w 

was    unknown    to    the     Egypt) 
The   principal    decorations   of   the 

Babylonian    edifices    were    cist    of 


21  ii 


HISTORY   OF  TI1F.  USEFUL  AND  POLITE   ARTS. 


brass  and  other  metals;  and  accord- 
ing to  the  testimony  of  the  ancients, 
that  nation  was  extremely  skilful  in 
the  art  of  making  those  ornaments, 
is  time  has  destroyed  all  the  mo- 
numents of  Babylonian  art,  we  are 
unable  to  form  any  opinion  of  the 
taste  and  style  of  that  nation  in  ar- 
chitecture, except  from  such  vesti- 
ges as  are  yet  left  in  the  ruins  of 
Persepolis.  Diodorus  Siculus  in- 
forms us,  that  the  palaces  which 
Cambyses  erected  at  Susa  and  Per- 
sepolis, were  constructed  by  Egyp- 
tian workmen,  whom  that  monarch 
carried  with  him  to  Persia.  As, 
however,  the  remains  of  Persepolis 
exhibit  not  the  slightest  resemblance 
to  the  Egyptian  taste  and  style,  as 
it  is,  moreover,  extremely  probable 
that  the  arrangement  and  decoration 
of  the  Egyptian  edifices  were  the 
province  of  the  priests,  it  is  but 
reasonable  to  suppose,  that  the  plan 
of  the  buildings  at  Persepolis,  as 
well  as  the  taste  and  composition 
of  their  decorations,  were  the  inven- 
tion of  the  Babylonians,  though 
Egyptian  workmen  might  have 
been  employed  in  the  construction. 
This  conjecture  is  so  much  the  more 
probable,  since  the  former  were  un- 
acquainted with  the  art  of  hew- 
ing hard  stones  and  raising  great 
Weights  ;  but,  on  the  contrary,  (heir 
skill  in  designing  and  in  the  luxury 
of  decoration,  had,  in  the  opinion 
oft  heir  contemporaries,  attained  the 
very  acme  of  perfection. 

The  ruins  of  Persepolis  display  a  j 
grand  and,  in  the  highest  degree, 
magnificent  plan,  which  consists  of 
several  well  adapted  divisions.  The  j 
columns  in  this  edifice  are  all,  after  j 
the  manner  of  the  Babylonians,  of  I 
extraordinary  height,  and  very) 
richly  ornamented,  and  the  pedes.-  ! 


tal  is  surrounded  with  leaves.  The 
upper  extremity  of  the  shaft  termi- 
nates in  a  kind  of  calyx,  on  which 
rests  an  entablature  of  a  round  form : 
upon  this  lies  a  camel,  whose  back 
probably  supported  the  roof  of  the 
structure. 

A  high  spirit,  the  consciousness 
of  power  and  wealth,  a  love  of  mag- 
nificence, which  manifests  itself  in 
boundless  ex  pence,  a  fertile  fancy, 
and  skilful  execution,  are  as  evi- 
dent in  the  remains  of  Persepolis, 
as  the  character  of  tasteless  pro- 
fusion, and  the  want  of  all  relish  for 
that  art  which,  though  it  strives  to 
enhance  the  value  of  objects  by 
richness,  seeks  at  the  same  time  to 
gratify,  by  its  ornaments,  either  the 
understanding  or  some  noble  sen- 
timent. 

IV.  Of  the  Architecture  of  the 
Phoenicians  and  Israelites. 
The  arts,  sciences,  and  civiliza- 
tion, had  penetrated  to  several  na- 
tions seated  on  the  shores  of  the 
Mediterranean,  long  before  the  pe- 
riod of  the  Persian  conquests.  At 
the  eastern  extremity  of  that  sea, 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Egypt,  in 
a  barren  country,  but  admirably 
situated  for  navigation,  arose  the 
small  commercial  state  of  the  Phoe- 
nicians, whose  citizens  not  only  pro- 
moted the  introduction  of  the  arts 
and  sciences  among  the  contiguous 
nations  of  Asia,  but  likewise  paved 
the  way  to  their  subsequent  flou- 
rishing state  in  Greece  and  Italy. 
That  this  people  had  made  a  great 
progress  in  the  arts,  and  especially 
in  agriculture,  is  sufficiently  at- 
tested by  the  works  of  the  ancients: 
but  of  the  monuments  of  their  ar- 
chitecture, nothing  has  been  trans- 
mitted to  us  but  the  imperfect  dc- 


HiSTo  n  v  or  i  ii  r    i  i\  i  I  r    Atn  POLITI    a  it  i «, 


■cription  given  in  holy  w ril  of  ih<- 
temple  and  Solomon's  palace. 

Solomon's  temple  vrai  i  bold  and 
arduous  undertaking  In  ordei  to 
lay  iis  foundation,  ii  was  necessary 

to  cany  ;i  w.iy   the  summit  of  a  lull, 

and  io  encompass  the  whole  hill 
with  a  wall  3,200  trci  iii  circumfe- 
rence, of  w hich,  after  bo  manj  de- 
vastations, some  ruins  still  remain. 
The  temple  itself  consisted,  after 
(he  manner  "i  the  Egj  ptian  tem- 
ples, of  a  double  edifice,  w  ith  a 
hall  ami  courts  in  front,  the  latter 
of  which  were  surrounded  wiih 
buildings.  All  these  buildings, 
cording  to  the  account  given  in  the 
Bible, were  verj  richlj  ornamented, 
w iih  respect  both  to  (he  materials 
ami  (he  workmanship.  In  (he  tem- 
ple, as  well  as  in  the  palate,  the 
columns  and  coverings  of  the  beams 
wen-  of  i  edar,  and  decorated  with 
ornaments  of  brass  gilt,  among 
winch  the  palm  branch  and  pome- 
granate arc  particularly  mentioned. 

The  Structures  circled  by  Solo- 
mon were  incontestiblj  the  most 
important  works  i^f  Phoenician  and 

EgJ  ptian  art  :  lor  Solomon  main- 
tained a  connection  w  ith  the  latter 
kingdom  also.  They  indisputably 
surpassed  the  Egyptian  edifices  in 
splendour  and  profusion  of  curious 
ornaments,  as  well  as  in  richness  <>i 
invention,  and  were  inferior  to  very 
few  in  magnitude  and  solidity.  In 
them,  too,  was  combined  all  that 
a  love  of  magnificence  and  the  fer- 
tile imagination  of  the  East,  se- 
conded by  the  skill  of  an  ingenious 
people,  and  a  people  expert  in  the 
mechanical  and  line  arts,  are  capa- 
ble of  producing.  lint  the  time 
had  not  yet  arrived  in  which  t he 
art  uas  to  attain  its  high  destina- 
tion, that  oi'  affording  pleasure  to 
the  polished  mind. 


\.      (iiiuiill    (   Inn  ill  hi      ii/      I  In        I     ■ 

i  l,i! i  1 1  in  i    n  J    I  In       I  in  n  at    . 
In    all    tin-    i  .  w  huh    the 

arts  had  hitherto  pent  man 

"in.iinil   beneath   the  iron 

(1(  «pot  ism,    and    I  In'  fat  n!' :       "I    his 
mind    were  bound    in  I  In-   |  bail 
despotism.    The  aul  111  I 

dei  potisin  were  all,  ii  is  m ue,  phi- 
losophers   and    bene  I  ii  l-ii  s    of   I  lie 

hum.M •.  but  m ho,  from  lb 

cull ies,  mental  and  corpoi  d.  <•! 
the  '  >i  ienlal  nations,  had  no  milder 

method  left  to  reduce  Iheir  ancii  i- 

li/.ed  conlenipoiii  n  s  mn!-  r  the  be- 
neln  enl  yoke  of  ci\  il  inst  tlui  ioi.s 
and  laws,   than  by   endeavouring  to 

avail  themselves  of  their  weakness 
and   ignorance   for  that    purp 

Kut  the  \«i  y  laws  of  nature  decreed 
that  all  these  stales  should  fall  short 

of  the  great  object  of  social  union, 
the  ennobling  of  the  human  i 
by  means  of  a  legislation  which  can 
only  subsist  by  delusion,  and  whose 
primary  maxim  it  i^,  to  cramp  the 
intellectual  powers  of  Ihe  people  by 
the  shackles  of  superstition, 
to  paralyze  all  the  energies  oi 
soul,  in  order  to  procure  the  i 
tity  of  the  altar  and  the  splendour  of 
the  throne  that  blind  and  unlimited 
i   spe<  t.    w  ithout   w  hich   the  \ 
fabric*of( Oriental  government  would 

crumble   to    pieces    in    an     instant. 

Such  being  the  general  character 
ot  the  sentiments  of  these  nations, 

i he   arts  among   them   could    i. 
have  any  other  object   than  that    of 
operating  by  an  OStentatiou 
of  power  and  opulence,  on  the  i 
feelings  of  an  ignorant  people, 
oi  exciting  its  astonishment, 
ther   had  genius  and  indui 
more  noble  scope  than  to  obej 
caprice  of  ambition,  vanity,  an 

bauchery. (  To  It  aontuitu 

D  d  2 


202 


INTRODUCTION  TO  SOME  OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE  ARTS. 


Thursday,  Feb.  2,  I809. 

Mr.  EniTon, 

1  peel  an  awe  on  my  mind 
now  (hat  1  take  up  my  pen  for  (lie 
first  time,  (he  chance  being  so  much 
against  untried  individuals  having 
the  requisite^  and  the  knowledge 
for  challenging  success,  in  so  ar- 
duous a  (;isk  as  (hat  1  have  proposed, 
of  communicating  interesting  and 
Correct  intelligence  in  the  various 
arts.  I  fool  like  a  performer  on  the 
stage  just  after  the  music  has  played 
three  times,  the  hell  rung,  and  the 
curtain  drawn  up,  amidst  the  daz- 
zling of  lights,  surrounded  by  an 
awful  silence,  and  before  well  in- 
formed minds  and  enquiring  eyes, 
when  first  appearing  to  personify  a 
principal  character.  If  the  God  of 
nature  has  been  pleased  to  endow 
me  with  a  sufficient  portion  of  ge- 
nius, to  sustain  the  part  of  a  public 
writer  with  credit,  if  that  great  be- 
ing has  given  me  a  heart  to  speak  to 
the  heart,  and  a  soul  desirous  not  (o 
wound  or  give  offence,  I  shall  be 
able  (o  go  on  with  success.  But  (o 
be  eminently  gifted  with  abilities 
and  goodness,  falls  to  the  lot  of  but 
very  few  ;  and,  as  I  observed,  Mr. 
Ed  itor,  the  chance  is  so  much  against 
an  untried  individual,  that  i(  is  al- 
most like  adventuring  for  (he  1000 
tickets  in  (he  present  lo((ery  ;  but 
if  I  should  prove  a  blank,  I  shall 
bear  no  more  ill  will  to  any  one  on 
this  account,  than  is  generally  borne 
to  the  clerk  at  the  office,  who,  from 
his  book  of  numbers,  first  conveys 
doleful  intelligence.  I  will  depart 
to  my  obscurity,  as  I  observed, 
without  any  ill  will ;  and  as  (he  se- 
cre(  (ha(  I  have  attempted  to  write 
is  entirely  in  my  own  mind  (it  is  a 
whim  now  not  (wo  days  old),  my  real 


name,  on  (his  account,  shall  never 
be  known. 

I  will  not  degrade  my  virgin 
pen  (an  appellation  which  I  am 
justified  in  using,  as  it  is  the  first 
time  1  have  tried  it)  with  the  very 
commonplace  compliment  to  my 
country  and  the  presen(  age,  of  their 
being  superior  to  other  countries, 
and  to  o(her  ages,  in  (he  polite  and 
impolite  arts,  because  I  know  it  is 
not  true.  On  the  contrary,  we  are 
inferior  to  many  other  ages,  and  (o 
some  other  countries,  in  almost  every 
art  that  is  practised,  and  in  every 
department  of  almost  every  art.  As 
you  profess,  in  your  plan,  to  give 
intelligence  and  instruction  to  un- 
informed minds,  it  would  much  con- 
(ributeto  that  end,  if  we  were  to  take 
a  view  of  (he  claims  of  former  and 
present  professors  of  general  arts,  by 
which  at  (he  same  time  what  I  have 
advanced  may  be  proved,  and  stu- 
dents informed,  in  a  very  little  time, 
what  names  have  thebes(  pre(ensions 
(o  pre-eminence.  Here  I  would  ob- 
serve, (hat  i(  is  very  far  from  my 
wish  (o  degrade  my  coun(ry,  or  (o 
wound  the  feelings  of  (hose  whose 
situations  in  life  have  made  (hem 
candidates  for  public  favour,  or  of 
o(hcr  individuals.  Were  I  gifted 
with  an  inexhaustible  fund  of  hu- 
mour, I  would  rather  conceal  my  ta- 
len(  entirely,  (han  bring  names  be- 
fore the  public  eye  for  sport  orcon- 
tempt.  I  am  (he  more  inclined  to 
(his  general  review,  because,  as  I 
observed  before,  we  are  so  continu- 
ally  flattered  by  writers  of  (he  pre- 
sent day,  wi(h  our  pre-eminence  in 
almos(  every  ar(.  Perhaps  some 
reason  for  (heir  doing  it  is,  because 
they  are  more  eager  to  praise  than 
to  examine. 


0BSBE1  ITIOKI    OM     THE    aiii  -. 


JOI 


Now  to  beglOi      fit  i  our 

mental  view,  Shakespi  \nr.  -  tliou 
iMieducated  child  of  nature,  what 
an-  our  dramatic  powei  when  com- 
pared with  thy  exertions  2  like  walk- 
ing-sticks to  the  Monument.  <M 
learned  Ben,  w h ;i t  are  we  to  thee  ? 
Which  of  us  can  charm  the  mind, 
or  extract  the  tear,  I  i  K t -  ( )iu;i\ ,  Lee, 
Southern,  Rowe,  Lillo  ?  or  hold  the 
mirror  up  to  nature,  like  Congreve, 
Dryden,  Farquhar,  Wj  cherlj , 
Ramsay,  or  old  ( lollej  I libbei .;  I 
know  I  have  not  mentioned  Beau- 
moot,  Fletcher,  Massinger,  D'Ave- 
nant,  Addison,  Steele,    \  anbrugh, 

and  many  others  w  it  h  w  horn  w  B  i  an- 
no! contend  ;  because  1  mean  to 
J)r  vci  \  general,  and  to  omit  many. 
Ami  to  lite  honour  of  the  fair  sea 
of  former  limes,  we  cannot  Contend 
with  some  dames  whose  cms  have 
been    kmg    shut  ;     Bucfa    are,    Mrs. 

Behn,  Mrs.  Centlivre,  Mrs.  Sheri- 
dan, ami  old  Mrs.  Kitty  Cockburn. 

The  most  potent  competitor  We  have 

against  t  be  former,  seems  to  be  M  rs. 
Sheridan's  son,  Richard  Brinslej 
Sheridan  ;  of  the  latter.  Mi-.  Cow- 
Icy  and  Mis.  inehhald.  On  the 
stage,  what  are  we  to  Betterton, 
Booth,  Wilks,  Garrick,  Harry,  or 

Henderson?  or  in  the  comic  line. 
tO  Quin,   Shuter,    Weston,    Kdwin, 

and  Parsona,  not  forgetting  Tom 
King,  tho'  last,  not  least?     Among 

our   present   theatrical     heroines   in 

tragedy  and  comedy,  it  is  haul  to 
give  a  decision :  perhaps  to  Sarah 
Siddonsand  DollyJordan  the  crowns 
must  be  awarded,  as  queens  in  these 

departments.  The  most  powerful 
rivals  of  tin1  former,  were  Mis.  Bet- 
terton, Mrs.  Bracegirdle,  the  first 
Mrs.  Barry,  Mrs.  Old  field.    Mrs. 

Clive,   Mrs.  Cibber,  and  Miss  Bel- j 
lamy  ;   of  the  latter.  Nell  Gwynae,  t 


Mrs.   Mount!  P      |J    W  I  f- 

fington,  and  Nan  (  Wi  have 

n.ov  no  Milton,  Cowley,  Prior, 
Pope,  Swift,    kddison,   I  hon  | 

Shcii. lour        [    Wfl  tO    v\  r  I  f  • " , 

iH»r  a  ( roldamith     noi  anknown  lad, 

like  voiir  unfortunate  inn 
(  'hallei  Ion,  al  the  ;i/e  <>|  .  ;•- 
\  iii  .,     by    an    uiiliim  ly    deal  I 

early  l<>si.  I  will  not  pass  3 ou,  ill- 
fated  youth,   without    introdt 

Some   lines   that    I  have  some.'.  ' 

seen  : 

"  Hi  hold,  \.    Mil  -<>n 

"  V  pi .  \  t..  m ,uit  ere  n  >"  • 

•'   I  I1.1I  boMW   >'hi  b«fl  HUM,    hiiIi  anguiih 

lorn, 
"   I  I1.1i  iiiiinl  you  <ln  1 ,  li'il,  desert  an<l  forlorn'*' 

N 1  n — Falconer  (>o   feeling  to  the 

tugfl]8Jld  pangs  of  love},  nor  thy  tin- 
timely  death  ! 

In  noVel  writing  we  cannot  eojiial 

Defoe,    Fielding,  or   Richardson: 
u  ho  nowaday  1   brings  to  oui 
quaintance  such  girls  as  darissi 

Marlowe,  Pamela,  or  Sophia  West- 
ern? And  Mis.  Sheridan's  Sidney 
IJiddulph  is  above  our  reach. 

But.  Mr.  Editor,  we  ought  not  to 
he    disheartened,    because   001 
and  country  are  overpowered   by  a 

great  many  ages  ami  countries.  W  e 

have  the  chance  of'  genius  in  com- 
mon with  past  and  future  ages  and 

other  countries Hut  so  it   is — it 

does  not  happen  that  the  most  siir- 
priaing  geniuses  are  at  present  pass- 
ing on  the  Stage  of  lite,  or  that  the 
great  Father  of  us  all  has  placed  the 
greatest  proportion  of  choice  spi- 
rits on  our  foggy  island.  Some  per- 
sons are  so  selfish  and  inconsiderate, 
that  if  they  had  lour  tickets  in  the 
state  lottery.  the\  would  anticipate 
the  possession  of  most  of  the  capital 

prises. 

lint  to  proceeil  to  painting;,  sculp* 
tint,    and    architecture.      In    the 


204 


OBSERVATIONS    ON    THE    ARTS. 


higlicnlepartments  of  painting,  what 
have  we  at  present  in   this  country 
to  compare  to  the  groat  works  of  the 
sublime  Buoitardtti,  the  poetic  Ju- 
lio Romano,  the  graceful  Raphael, 
Corregio,  and  Parrnegiano,  the  ele- 
gant taste  or  the  learning  of  Annibnl 
Carrachi  and  Poussiu?    In  speak- 
ing of  painters,  1  might  mention  the 
glowing  tints  of  Titian,  the  silvery 
tints  of  Gtiido,  the  hi»h-finishin<r 
of  Gerard    Douw,    Vander   Hey- 
(len,  Denner,  John  Van  Iluy.sum, 
and  Vandor  Werf;  the  lightness  of 
Rubens,  the  effects  of  Carravaggio 
and  Rembrandt.     In  portrait,  how 
inferior  are  we  to  Titian,  Giorgi- 
one,  H.  Miers,  Rubens,  Vandyke, 
Velasquez,  More,  Frank  Hall,  Rem- 
brandt, Lely,  Kneller,  or  our  late 
countryman,  Reynolds!     In  land- 
scapes, to  Claude,  and  along  list  of 
the  Dutch  and  Flemish  painters !  In 
comic  painting,  how  very  far  behind 
are  our  living  artists,   when   com- 
pared with  Hogarth  !    The  Caledo- 
nian youth*  bids  fair  to  be  the  next 
in  rank  tohim,  though  their  styles  are 
not  quite  alike.    Some  of  Bunburv's 
efforts,  though  only  sketches,  class 
htm  next,  but  at  a  great  distance. 

In  sculpture,  we  can  produce  no- 
thing equal  to  Le  Sueur,  Cibber 
(father  to  Colley  Cibber),  Gibbons, 
Roubillac,  Schumaker,  Rysbrack, 
or  even  to  Read  and  the  elder  Ba- 
con ;  nor  to  Bernini,  or  many  other 
names  on  the  Continent. 

In  architecture,  what  are  we  to 
Palladio  and  a  long  &c.  &c.  in 
Italy,  France,  and  other  countries; 
or  to  our  own  Inigo  Jones,  Chris- 
topher Wren,  or  even  Vanhrtigh. 


*  Wilkie. 
We  are  sorry  that  we  have  not  been  able 
eccentric  author  of  these  observations, 
his  letters  in  our  possession. 


In  engraving,  can  our  prints  gain 
the  palm  from  Andran,  Edelinck, 
Drevet,  Maroon,  or  even  Balechou 
Beauvarlet,  Le  Bas,  or  Volpato  ? 
Can  our  engravers  cut  the  copper  as 
clean  as  \V  ille,  or  his  pupil  Bervic  ? 
or  for  neatness  and  delicacy,  make 
portraits  like  Fiquet,  or  equal  what 
has  lately  been  engraved  by  Mor- 
ghen  or  Schmid  ? 


I  would  here  take  a  crown  of  lau- 
rel and  bind  it  on  thy  brows,  Ra- 
phael Morghen,  as  the  best  engra- 
ver that  now  practises  the  art.  Bar- 
tolozzi  is  the  most  powerful  con- 
tender with  the  great  master  for 
that  honour  ;  but  he  is  now  very 
old  (this  year  81),  and,  it  is  said, 
is  following  the  fortunes  of  his 
friend,  the  Prince  of  Brazil,  in 
South  America.  As  I  aim  at  bre- 
vity, I  was  going  to  omit  the  names 
of  Woollett,  Ravcnct,  Ryland, 
Strange,  and  the  great  landscape 
engraver,  who  is  no  longer  to  be 
equalled  in  that  department,  Fran- 
cis Vivarez  ;  and  also  Sherwin,  who, 
a  few  years  ago,  died  in  the  prime 
of  life;  who,  for  drawing,  was  al- 
most equal  to  Bartolozzi,  his  master, 
and  for  freedom,  is  one  of  the  best 
engravers  that  ever  existed. 

Mr.  Editor,  I  can't  go  on  for  want 
of  paper;  I  have  not  got  another 
sheet  in  the  house  :  when  I  go  out 
to  itct  some,  I  will  put  this  sketch 
in  your  box.  If  you  approve  of  the 
idea,  as  conveying  instruction  in  the 
arts,  it  may  be  easily  connected 
and  enlarged,  so  as  to  bring  in  a  va- 
riety of  names,  which  being  very 
general  and  short,  may  furnish  a 
paper  interesting  and  beneficial  to 
students.  1  propose  to  sign  what  I 
writc  J  un  in  us. 

to  allow  more  ri  om  for  the  ingenious  and 
as  ive  have  already  upwards  of  twenty  of 


1.1    I    I  I    I!  <     nt'.NJ      I  |    V  i.-.    . 


2    i 


Ml  SICAJ 
TO  'I'll I-  EDITOR  OP 

Sib, 

I'i  ii  m it  me  to  avail  myself  <»i 
(he  respectable  channel  of  your 
Magazine,  <<>  obtain  some  informa- 
tion respecting  an  interi ;il  of  our 
diatonic  scale,  from  any  of  your 
musical  readers,  \\  ho  may  be  com- 
petent and  kind  enough  kto  satisfy 
my  enquiry.  M\  hopes  of  meet- 
ing with  attention  to  my  request, 
nrc  the  greater  from  perceiving 
your  Repository  honoured  with 
contributions  fromaqnartcrto  which 
not  only  the  theory  of  music,  I  > 1 1 1 
almost  every  department  of  human 
knowledge  are  infinitely  indebted. 

M  \  question  is  simply  llii.s  ■ 

What  proof  is  there  for  the  as- 
nrf  ion  in  teverai  theoretical  works 

on  music.  Unit  four  fifths  of  u  >nu- 


,   QUERY. 

mi.  1:1  POS1TOR1 .  Ire. 
tirat  ill  toundthe  third  ma- 

jor of  iln  tamt  ttri  i  openP 

I  am  aware  oi  Tartini'n  <  \  i 
men!  :  l»ni  since,  i»v  i  al<  ulating 
the  third  majoi ,  by  means  of  the 
intervals  of  as  many  filths  from  tin: 
primary  sound,  as  \> ill  lead  to  it, 
the  fraction  ol  :  is  obtained,  whii  Ii 
is  l.ss.  i.\  j  than  j  ;  it  may  be 
questioned  whether  ;i  monochord, 
am!  its  apparatus  i"i  stopping  the 
string,  may  be  of  so  ni<  e  i  construc- 
tion as  t<>  indicate  truly  the  distance 
from  Jt  to  |  ort  )  and  further,  sup- 
posing that  t<>  be  practicable,  whe- 
ther the  ear  can  be  sensible  of  the 
difference. 

Yoni's,  Sec. 

I'jIILOl'HO 

March  8,  1809. 


LETTERS  FliOM   IT.W.V 


LETTER    111 
Ifaplet,  April  — ,  isos. 

Dear  T. 

Tu  is  delightful  city,  w  itli  its 
heavenly  environs,  so  strongly  gains 
every  day  on  my  favour,  that,  not- 
withstanding my  anient  \\  isli  to  re- 
turn toold  England,  and  to  all  that 
is  dearest  to  me,  I  fear  I  shall  never 
be  able  t<)  quit  Naples  without  sin- 
cere regret.  Miss  Parthenope  must 
indeed  have  been  a  lady  of  great 
judgment  and  refined  taste,  to  se- 
lect so  eligible  a  situation  for  set- 
tling her  colony  in,  after  she  had 
eloped  from  the  rigorous  treatment 
of  her  Thessalian  papa  ;  her  choice 
is  even  superior  to  that  of  Madam 
Dido,  another  run-away  princess, 
who    contented    herself    with    the 


parched  sands  of  IJ.uluiv.  How 
different    the    elopements    of   thus* 

heroic    ages    from    the    amorous 

flights  of  our  times  !  The  breach  of 
the  social  compact  would  then  be 
atoned  for,  l>\  the  establishment  of 
rising  colonies;  whereas,  nowa- 
days, the  aggregate  results  of  all 
the  love-trips  upon  record,  from 
the  origin  of  the  functions  of  the 
c\  clopean  priest  to  the  pn  -cut  time, 
would  scarcely  furnish  the  numeri- 
cal complement  of  our  colonial  set- 
tlement. 

1   have  often  wondered   how 
gallant  a  man  as  /Eneas  could  pass 
within  Bight  of  this  place,  without 
giving  even  a  call  ti)  the  fair  Parthe- 
nope;   or  why,  if  he    did    such    a 


20G 


LETTERS    FROM    ITALY". 


thing,  our  friend  Virgil  should  be 
silent  on  the  subject ;  and  I  shrewd- 
ly suspect  the  latter  to  be  the  feet. 
The  pious  hero,  no  doubt,  paid  his 
respects  en  passant  to  that  princess, 
and  perhaps  took  French  leave  of 
her,  as  he  did  of  the  Tyrian  lady  : 
not  at  the  instigation  of  a  Cupid 
ai  masque,  but  because  his  pru- 
dence suggested  him,  that  if  he  lis- 
tened to  the  pressing  invitations  of 
those  lovesick  maids,  and  married 
one  or  the  other,  he  might  indeed 
become  the  husband  of  a  queen,  a 
kind  of  appendix  kept  for  posteri- 
ty 's  sake,  but  not  king  in  his  own 
right;  a  wish  which  had  been  the 
p rim u in  mobile  of  all  his  peregri- 
nations, lie  therefore  declined  all 
connection,  or  at  least  all  matri- 
monial connection,  with  these  pet- 
ticoat governments,  and  steered  fur- 
ther northward,  in  order  to . 

But  no!  let  him  steer  on,  I  know 
you  will  think  1  have  steered  long 
enough  out  of  course  for  the  sake 
of  this  classic  digression,  or  rather 
rhapsody  :  for  to  give  it  the  former 
appellation,  at  the  very  outset  of 
the  epistle,  would  be  as  bad  as  be- 
ginning a  letter  with  a  postscript. 

How  you  will  envy  me,  dear  T. 
when  you  read  the  description  of 
my  head-quarters.  If  it  is  true, 
that  a  Frenchman  once  exclaimed, 
"  Paris  is  the  capital  of  Europe,  and 
the  Palais  lloyul  the  capital  of  Pa- 
ris," I  may  well  say,  Naples  is  the 
loveliest  city  in  Europe,  and  the  ha- 
bitation of  your  humble  servant,  on 
the  top  of  the  Infrescata,  the  loveli- 
est spot  in  all  Naples.  In  front  an 
extensive  garden,  in  the  gayest  ver- 
nal attire,  with  several  stately 
orange  trees  just  ready  to  blossom  ; 
and  backwards,  a  panoramic  view, 
far   surpassing  the  magic  scenery 


of  (Maude's  poetic  pencil.  From 
my  pillow  1  often  behold,  in  the  cool 
of  the  morning,  the  thin  aerial  fume 
issuing  from  the  crater  of  Vesuvius; 
and  the  varied  and  extensive  pro- 
spect from  my  window,  of  the  city, 
the  bay,  villas,  gardens,  and  a 
wide  tract  of  a  fertile  and  well  cul- 
tivated country,  bordered  by  a  dis- 
tant chain  of  mountains,  surpasses 
the  powers  of  description.  Add  to 
these  local  advantages  the  kind  of- 
fices of  one  of  the  most  good-na- 
tured families  upon  earth,  who 
seem  to  make  it  their  particular 
study  to  anticipate  my  wants  and 
wishes,  and  you  will  agree  with  me, 
that  I  have  been  fortunate  in  pro- 
curing all  these  excellencies  at  the 
moderate  price  often  ducats  (about 
two  guineas)  per  month,  the  rent 
which  I  have  agreed  to  pay  them. 

This  family  may  be  called  truly 
patriarchal,  in  as  much  as  it  is  com- 
posed of  four  successive  generations 
under  the  same  roof :  the  great- 
grandfather and  great-grandmother, 
the  grandfather  and  grandmother, 
the  father  and  mother,  and  the 
children  of  the  latter,  the  eldest  of 
whom  is  five  years  old,  and  both 
mother  and  grandmother  in  a  fa- 
mily way.  I  had  almost  forgotten 
the  pretty  Donna  Luisa,  though 
last,  not  least  in  our  estimation ; 
for  she  cooks  my  dinner  and  pre- 
pares her  maccaroni  as  exquisitely 
as  any  you  can  eat  at  Brunet's. 

Don  Michele,  the  grandfather,  is 
the  leader  of  this  numerous  band  ; 
a  man  of  formal  address  and  pom- 
pous civility,  one  of  those  sententi- 
ous characters  that  delight  in  the 
harmony  of  their  own  talk. 

He  daily  renounces  his  siesta,  in 
order  to  keep  me  company  at  din- 
ner, where  it  is  in  vain  to  beg  him 


LETTER  J!    PROM     1TAL1 


|0   join   :    kv   S  !<■'■  ">   U   mi"   <!">  '  "  • 

I  or  into,     t(.(.  10  jn  an   uIk'  ,"    is 

generally  liis  rcplj  i"  any  in\  ita- 
tion  of  thai  kind.  He  is  perfectly 
contented  \\  hen  h«'  set  n  mcenjo)  mj 
dinner,  and  the  Ic  ail  want  of  appe- 
tite causes  him  real  uneasiness.  On 
such  an  occasion,   which  unforlu* 

nalcly    occurs    more    often     than     I 

could  wish,  he  generally  launches 
out  into  a  violent  philippic  against 
pli\ sicians  :  the  burden  of  which 
is.  ••  Believe  me,  good  Sir,  you'll 
nei ei  be  well  (ill  \ on  throw  j oui 
bottles  and  pills  oui  of  the  window. 

I  low   can    1  man  of  3  our  sens,-  and 

understanding  doubl  for  ;i  moment 
thai  it  is  all  a  farce  and  imposi- 
tion?"   To  contradict  him  on  this, 

or  indeed  any  other  subject,  would 
only  elicit  an  endless  train  of  tedi- 
ous argumentation;  whereas  a  ulei 
diet  hem,  )n<i "  and  shrugging 

Up  my  shoulders  |  a  favourite  Italian 

gesticulation)  persuades  his  self- 
complacenc)  ,  that  1  be  superiority  of 
his  reasoning  is  unanswerable,     lie 

then  enters  upon  ihe  news  of  the 
day,  and  there  his  communications 
are  doubly  entertaining  in  a  city 
where  onewretched  newspaper  only 
is  printed  twice  or  thrice  a  week, 
and  that  containing  but  a  tew  in- 
different extracts  from  other  foreign 
journals.  Through  my  friend  Don 
Michele,  therefore,  I  obtain  the 
earliest  notice  of  oratorios  to  be 
performed  in  any  of  the  numerous 
churches,  of  a  nun's  taking  the  veil, 
of  the  plays  or  operas  to  be  repre- 
sented, of  the  arrival  of  any  of  our 
ships  ot'  war,  &c. 

In  this  place,  a  lover  of  harmony 
need  b<>  at  no  expence  to  hear  1  \- 
cellent   music  very  often.     Scarce- 


•  1  leuow  m\  duty,  dear  Sir;   I  bai  • 

yo.  ir.  Vol,  1. 


is  a  da  1  p  1  ,,-s  but  one  church  or 
othei  hai  to  <  elebt  '  I  v:i'> 

saint's  annn  ei  inry,  01  other  im] 

ant    hol\     rite,    w  I"  "•    mUSU     i  I 

estcnti  il  r<  quisite  ;  and  fond  I 
am  of  sacred  mo  ic  In  J 

have  hitherto  missed  feti  opp<  rtu« 

nilies  of  that  kind.     In  almo   I   '  \.ry 
instance  the  perfoiinei  |,    bol  b 
and  in-fi  iiuienlal,    were  ot    the  fil   '- 
rate  abilities,    and  the  compo  ition, 
whether  ancient    or    modem,    truly 

sublime  :    but   frequently  also  the 

pleasure  I  experienced   was  all" 

or  rather  destroyed,  by  sensations  ot 

disgust,  felt  at  the  sight  of  eunuchs 
employed  in  the  ex«  ntion  of  these 
sacred  concerts.  Among  all  the  po- 
tent   engines    which    the  (ail, olio 

church  has  called  in  aid  of  theado- 

rationof  the  Supreme  Being,  music, 
from  its  powerful  and  direct  influ- 
ence on  our  hearts  and  feelings,  and 
the  sublimity  of  its  nature,  deserved- 
ly claims  ihe  first  rank.  Uut,  sure- 
ly, the  shrill  and  unnatural  strains 
of  these  unfortunate  beings,  (in  add 
nothing  to  the  solemn  harmony  of 
divine  song ;  ontliecontr  ry,  their 

employment  debases  that  heavenly 
science,  their  presence  cou'ami 
the  hallowed  temples  of  the  Al- 
mighty, and  their  introduction  into 
a  place  of  worship,  bespeaks  ■  most 
blasphemous  and  preposterous  re- 
finement of  modern  taste.  The  truth 
of  this  observation  was  ful  j 
know  led  ged  bj  th  ;  wofl^iy  pontiff, 
Clement  VIII.  when  he  issued  the 
most  positive  prohibition  of  -1)  in- 
human ami  impious  a  custom  :  but 
such  is  the  ingenuity  of  vie.  ihat 
means   wei  and    are 

still  practised,   to  elude  the  injunc- 
tions of  his  philanthropic  de.  i 
without  iufringii  g  the  lett<  r  of  the 
law.     To  name  them   would  o  dy 


208 


LETTEIIS    FROM    ITALV. 


sully  my  pen,  which  has  already 
dwell  too  long  on  a  subject  displeas- 
ing enough  to  every  friend  of  man- 
kind, without  any  further  addition 
of  colouring. 

Let  us  at  once,  dear  T.  turn  to 
the  verdant  groves,  the  smiling  gar- 
dens, and  the  rocky  recesses  of  the 
lovely  mountain  of  Posilipo,  the 
beauties  of  which  have  so  justly 
been  celebrated  by  many  writers  of 
antiquity.  It  forms  in  a  manner 
a  natural  wall  of  defence  to  the 
whole  of  the  north-western  and 
western  parts  of  the  city,  and  ter- 
minates in  an  abrupt  promontory, 
fronting  the  south.  The  tranquil- 
lity and  pleasantness  of  its  situa- 
tion had  rendered  it  to  the  wealthy 
Romans  a  place  of  resort,  no  less 
fashionable  than  the  barren  and  san- 
dy shores  of  Bajae.  Caesar,  Lucul- 
lus,  Pollio,  Virgil,  Cicero  of  course, 
and  many  other  great  public  cha- 
racters, possessed  here  magnificent 
villas,  of  which  some  scattered  frag- 
ments still  remain.  No  wonder, 
then,  if  Posilipo,  from  its  classic 
celebrity  and  the  beauty  of  its  situ- 
ation and  prospects,  has  become  a 
favourite  haunt  of  mine  ;  so  much 
so,  that  my  horse,  when  left  to  its 
free  agency,  regularly  carries  me 
from  the  lnfrescata,  through  Uome- 
ro3  over  the  charming  path  which 
winds  along  the  broad  spine  of  the 
mountain,  to  the  romantic  village 
near  the  cape.  The  Uomero,  in 
fact,  forms  part  of  Posilipo,  and  on 
its  summit  rises  the  splendid  palace 
of  Prince  Belvedere,  with  its  noble 
gardens.  The  latter  are  particular- 
ly interesting,  on  account  of  the 
i:.;iiy  exotic  and  tropical  plants 
which  here  thrive  in  the  open  air. 
It  is  in  these  gardens  I  saw  a  few 
days  ;igo,  for  the  first  time  in  my 


life,  the  bull-rush  papyrus,  not  in- 
deed in  such  abundance  as  it  once 
grew  on  the  marshy  banks  of  the 
Syracusan  Anapus,  or  on  the  bor- 
ders of  the  lake  Menzaleb  in  Egypt, 
but  sufficient  to  gratify  my  curiosi- 
ty. Some  of  the  stalks  being  near 
decay,  1  begged  and  obtained  one 
of  them  ;    and  the    inclosed   letter 

for  Miss  conveys    to   her 

some  anaplastics  (as  tender  as  they 
would  How),  written  with  a  reed  and 
atr amentum,  in  antique  characters, 
on  papyrus-paper  of  my  own  ma- 
nufacture* Make  her  truly  sensi- 
ble of  the  value  of  this  classic  trea- 
sure ;  tell  her  it  is  a,fac  simile  of  one 
of  Marc  Anthony's  love-letters  to 
the  Egyptian  queen ;  assure  her 
that  the  Royal  Society  would  glad- 
ly have  received  it,  that  the  British 
Museum  would  have  hung  it  up  in 
a  frame  in  the  library  window. 
Small  as  the  specimen  is,  it  has  oc- 
casioned me  infinite  trouble  and 
vexation  to  produce  thus  much.  Jn 
order  to  prepare  it  as  nearly  as  pos- 
sible according  to  the  directions  of 
Pliny,  I  was,  in  the  first  instance, 
under  the  necessity  of  going  down 
to  the  city,  to  consult,  in  the  public 
library  of  one  of  the  convents,  the 
natural  history  of  that  writer.  1  then 
set  to  work,  divided  with  my  ra- 
zor the  pith  of  the  rush  into  small 
slips,  and  having  placed  them  close 
to  each  other,  in  two  layers,  longi- 
tudinally and  transversely,  put  the 
tender  fabric  between  the  yEneid 
and  a  breviary  of  my  landlord's, 
and  for  the  sake  of  stronger  com- 
pression, consigned  the  whole  to  the 

gravitating  power  of  But 

here  my  pen  refuses  its  office!  How 
shall  I  describe  the  agony  I  felt, 
when,  on  my  return  from  a  long 
ride,    1  missed   my   treasure,    and 


f.i  i  i  I  ii>-    FROM    it  \  r.v. 


learned  its  woeful  faff.  !J  ;n  •  !.((«», 
Hie  micces  or  Jo  Hie  infatuated  Don 
Giuseppe,  had  arrived  from  town 

with  mi  v  medicine   jnsi   in  tj to 

saddle  m \  boi  r  r  'i  i In  .  hiiIui lunate 
ride,  and  I  wis  Bcarrcly  out  ui 
inn  lie  and   Doiinn  Lui  - 1  •  e(  about 
cleaning  the  rooms,  making  the  bed. 
&c.    \\  In  llici  if  was  owing  to  thai 
instinct  of  female  regularity  w  liicli 
considers  books  and  pn  pers  i  • 
any  \\  here  but  under  lock  and  key, 
;is  mere  litter ;  or  whether  the  pi- 
ous pair  felt  indignant  at  the  Bight 
of  their  manual  of  daily  devotion 
being  subjected  by  o  heretic  to  the 
action  of  a  Ixil pi>-.i :  or  w bal 
else  may  ha\  e  been  their  motive, 
tlic\  had  separated  and  remo^  ed  i,.\ 
a\  hole  apparatus,  and  consigned  the 
papyrus  literally  to  the  dust. 

Benedetto  had  my  hearty  male- 
dictions for  his  stupidity,  and  I  am 
afraid  poor  Luisa  felt  some  of  the 
effects  of  mj  first  irritation :  forthis 

I  begged  her  pardon,  when  my  pas- 
sion had  given  way  to  sober  re- 
flection, and  I  considered  that  the 
remnant  of  the  stalk,  which  I  had 
intended  to  bring  with  me  to  Eng- 
land, was  sufficient  toproducease- 
cond  specimen.  I  forthwith  made 
another  attempt,  and  succeeded  to 
the  full  extent  of  my  wishes.  lis 
colour,  as  you  will  perceive,  is  of 
a  light  brown  :  but  this,  I  appre- 
hend, is  rather  the  fault  of  the  sub- 
stance itself  than  of  the  manufac- 
ture :  at  le;is(  an  Arabian  manu- 
script on  papyrus,  which  I  have 
aeen  in  the  Regit  Studii,  is  full  as 
dark  in  line;  and.  except  a  greater 
degree  of  smoothness,  probably  aris- 
ing from  a  more  perfect  mode  of 
pressure,  in  no  respect  superior  to 
m.v  preparation. 

But  to  return  to  Posilipo  :  many 


of  i/s  gardens  are  still  in* 

in.  nut     1 1 1 .  i   < » 1 1  r  \    ,     .mil     al 

road  from  the  I  omero,  I  have  n  ith 
pleasure  and  surpi  isc  di  i 
•  "i,  id  rable  extent  ot  ant 
den   walls,    which   evidently 
built  foi  the  amc  purpo  e  Ihe 
answer.     ;\   gara\  >>-..  ill  of     < 
teen  centuriet  standing  sureh  i 
be  deemed  a  con>  im  ing  p 
the  superiority  of  ancient  building  s 
nor  can  there  be  a  mistaki 

the  reticular  junction  of  the 
stones  being  a  sure  criterion  ot 
tiquit) .  This  mode  of  placing  tin- 
stones, not  in  parallel  rows.  |,.\.. 
the  moderns,  but  in  a  diaj 
direction,  with  one  of  the  four  an- 
gles  downwards,    like  the  ace  of 

diamonds,  ha>>  probabi  .  1  the 

durability  of  the  fain 

The  sight  of  a  large  square  of 

while  marble  at   a  trifling  disl 

from  the  main  road  on  this  mountain, 

excited  my  curiosity  some  d.i\  s 

ft  contained  a  modern  Latin  in- 
scription of  great  length,  which  for 
iis  singularity  I  would  send  you,  but 

i    w  ish    to  save   postage.      The   tra- 

veller  is  desired  to  p  mse,  in  order 

to  behold  an  ocular  demonstration 
of  the   cruelty  ami  impiety  of  the 

ancient    pagans,    exhibited    in    I 

fish-ponds  oi  \.  Pollio,  Esq,  wfco, 
says  the  marble,  was  particularly 

fond   of  lampreys  \\-\   vrith  human 
blood ;    and   who,    to  gratify 
inhuman  sort  of  gluttony^  had  t' 
ponds  built  at  an  immei 
and  caused  the  wretched  rictimi 
his  corrupt  palate  to  be  thrown  into 
them.     Accepting  the   pious  invi- 
tation, 1  entered  the   farm  pointed 
at  by  the  inscription,   and  actually 
round  the  farm-house  to  consist  of 
some    modern  masonr\  .         _    ifted 
upon  a  solid  stock  of  ancient  rctt- 
E  e  2 


210 


LETTERS    FUOAf    ITALY. 


ciliated  architecture.     At  the  back 
of  the  building  a  small  door  opened 
into  the  ponds,  which  even  now  ap- 
peared to  be  abundantly  supplied 
•with  water,  rising  to  the  height  of 
about  eight  or  ten    fi'd,  from  tin- 
door  downwards,  and    covered   b\ 
an  arched  vault  nearly  as  high  from 
the  top  of  the  door:   the  sides  were 
lined  with  a  stucco,  as  hard,  if  not 
harder,  than  stone.    The  whole  fa- 
bric was    in    perfect  preservation, 
and  well  worth  the  attention  of  an 
antiquary;  but  my  conductor  was 
unable  lo  add  any  tiling  to  the  in- 
formation given  by  the  inscription, 
■which,   I  confess,   appeared  to  me 
very  problematical.     The  neat  and 
impenetrable    covering    of    stucco 
would  rather  induce  me  to  take  it 
for  a  reservoir,  or  large  cistern  for 
water,  than  a  pond  for  lampreys: 
and  supposing   it  to  have  been  the 
latter,  where  is  the  evidence  of  hu- 
man bodies  having  supplied  their 
food  ?     Supposing  the  Roman  laws 
to   have  been   lax  enough  to  allow 
such   a    diabolical   practice,    what 
stomach  could  relish  such  a  dainty  ? 
On  descending  from  the  mountain 
of  Posilipo  towards  the  city,   by  a 
steep    causeway   of   many    zig-zag 
windings  cut  out  of  the  solid  rock, 
the  ear  is  usually  struck  with  a  loud 
and   hollow    rumbling,    resembling 
the  subterraneous   bombilations   of 
Vesuvius  ;  but  the  temporary  alarm 
of  the  stranger  is  removed  as  soon 
as  he  learns  that  the  noise,  however 
violent,   solely  proceeds    from  the 
rolling  of  carriages  passing  through 
hi  Grotta  di  Pixi'iro  immediately 
under  his  feet.   This  unquestionably 
is  one  of  t  lie  most  stupendous  works 
of  antiquity;  and  the  benefit  which 
the  city  of  Naples  derives  from  it 
to  this  day,  is  inappreciable  ;  inas- 


much as  it  affords,  in  a  straight  line, 
a  level  and  easy  communication 
with  the  country  on  the  other  side 
of  Mount  Posilipo,  to  which  then1 
was  before  no  access  by  land  but 
by  circuitous  and  almost  impracti- 
cably steep  roads  ncross  the  moun- 
tain. To  have  pierced  this  rock  by 
the  chisel  at  its  very  base,  must 
have  been  a  work  of  prodigious  la- 
bour and  time  :  for  although  I  have 
not  yet  been  able  to  ascertain  the 
length  of  the  excavation,  owing  to 
the  constant  pissing  and  repassing 
of  vehicles  of  every  description,  yet, 
upon  a  rough  guess,  its  extent  ap- 
pears to  equal  that  of  the  Mall  in 
St.  James's  Park.  Two  carriages 
may  go  abreast,  and  its  lowest 
height  is  certainly  not  less  than 
twenty  feet;  but  at  the  extremities, 
and  particularly  at  that  facing  Na- 
ples, upwards  of  sixty. 

It  is  by  no  means  certain  w ho  was 
the  author  of  this  great  undertaking, 
or  from  what  period  of  time  its  per- 
foration is  to  be  dated.  The  com- 
mon opinion  is  in  favour  of  Augus- 
tus, who  is  said  to  have  entrusted 
its  execution  to  Coccejus,  an  archi- 
tect of  great  repute  in  that  age  : 
others,  not  without  strong  argu- 
ments on  their  side,  contend  for  a 
much  more  remote  origin,  ascribing 
its  formation  to  the  early  inhabi- 
tants of  the  Greek  Parthenope, 
with  whom,  they  assert,  it  went 
under  the  name  of  the  Ecmcan  ca- 
vern :  and  the  lower  class  of  the 
modern  Neapolitans  believe  it  to  be 
the  work  of  the  devil;  or,  rather, 
the  sorcerer  Virgil,  who,  flying  from 
the  pursuit  of  St.  Januarius,  and 
being  at  a  nonplus  how  to  escape, 
by  a  stroke  of  his  wand  created  this 
passage  for  himself  through  the 
midst  of  the  rock,     To  this,  hpw= 


\Mir,i  \  -   'ii  ?.nn. 


ever,  I  feel  Borne  hesitation  of  sub- 
scribing •  for,  supposing  (he  \\  izard 

possessed    Ol    III''  powers  of  aehie\  - 

in<r  so  rare  a  dectl,  he  snr<  lj  would 
have  had  sense  enough  to  make  the 
rock  close  again  after  biro,  to  pre- 
vent the  saint's  availing  himself  ol 
the  new  thorou  1  hfarc  in  his  pur- 
suit  :    hill    pel  Imps  poor   V  i r ii' i I  Ii  id 

lnsi  his  w  iis  in  the  embarrassment  in 
which  he  may  be  supposed  to  h  tve 
been  on  an  occasion  of  such  immi- 
nent danger. 

Disclaiming,  however,  any  wish 
to  influence  sour  choice  among 
these  various  Ii ,  p  ttheses,  I  ought  to 
mention,  tli  it  the  existence  of  this 
cavern,  at  the  time  of  Seneca,  rests 
on  indubitable  authority.  Speak- 
ing of  a  trip  of  his  from  Bajae  to 
Naples,  this  author  himself  adds, 
that  niter  passing  through  .1  swampy 
road,  which  made  him  fancy  him- 
self once  more  at  sea,  he  arriyed  in 
tli  is  c  ive,  '\  here  he  felt  an  ex< 

sive  heat  :  that  he  never  saw  any 
thing  more  tedious  a  ul  dismal  than 
this  subterraneous  prison,  rendered 
doubly  frightful  by  the  total  ob- 
scurity which  prevailed  in  it,  there 
being  no  opening  of  any  kind  for 
tin-  admission  of  air  or  light  ;  so 
that  he  was  forced  to  grope  his  way 
through     volumes    of  dust,    which 

alone    would    have   darkened   the 


road,  had  evei 
P001  Seneca,   it   1 

I  ;    hut   mm  '  in- 

convenient e  he  1  oin  1  I .' in    of  n     'it. 
lily  have  1 

mirelj .    w oil  an    immense    foi 

ins,    the  third   man  in  I lie  Ko- 
1   empire  might    h 
hdf  a  dozen  torches 
s\,\ y.     At  the  present  day,  ' he 

■    's  not  quite  so  nn<  ible  : 

1   lamp  1  on  I  intlj    bui  nin 

a    chapel,    situated     just     h  llf- 

scrves  for  a  beacon  :  both  entra 

have  at  dill. rent   times  In  en  -really 

enlarged,  and   two  diagonal  aper- 
tures were,  in  Charles  the   I 
time,  cut  through  the  rock,  whu  Ii 
not  only  illumine  the  interior  1 
tiiderably,  '"it  in  some  de  ree  per- 
Ihc  0  ii    •  of  \  entilators. 
The  above,  my  dear  T.,  together 
with  \  irgil's  mausoleu  d>c<l 

in  my  last,  are  some  of  the  most 
interesting  obj<  1  Is  to  be  aet  with  on 
(his  classic  mountain  :  hers 

of  minor  note  I  shall  omit  for  tho 
present,     lest     1    exhaust    your 

tience,  which  I  fear  has  alr<  I  . 
been  put  to  the  test.  If  1  have 
sinned  against  the  virtue  of  brevity! 
your  own  injunctions,  to  be  ini 
in  mj  communications,  will  plead 
die  apology  of 

Youi'-. 


AMEL1  L'S  LETTERS, 

We  have  the  pleasure  to  submit  to  our  female  readers  the  letter  of  Amelia,  1 
came  ton  late  for  our  last  number.     It  is  tin  first  of  a  aeries,  and  the  specimen 
which  it  exhibits  of  the  talents  and  sentiments  of  the  writer,  will  render  an) 
commendation  on  our  part  totally  anm  c«  ssary. 

LETTER    T. 

At  length,  my  dear  and  ever  ho-  II  rived,  when  1  have  for  the  6rs<  H  n$ 
poured  Madam,  the  period  is  ax-  |  quitted  your  maternal  care  :  foi  the 


212 


AMELIA  8   LETTERS. 


first  time  I  find  myself  at  a  distance 
from  you: — the  day  passes,  alas! 
and  I  see  you  not !  The  sensation 
oppresses  me,  and  the  novelty  of 
the  scenes  around  roe,  so  striking 
and  extraordinary  as  they  must  ap- 
pear, though  they  may,  at  times, 
suspend,  do  not  lessen  the  impres- 
sion, that  so  large  a  space  lies  be- 
tween  my  mother,  and  such  a  mo- 
ther, and  me. 

I  am  truly  sensible  of  the  affec- 
tionate and  ever-watchful  care  to 
which  you  have  entrusted  me.  I 
well  know  that  she,  who  is  not  on- 
ly your  sister  by  birth,  but  the  sis- 
ter of  your  heart,  will  fully  supply 
the  presence  of  a  parent  to  your 
Amelia;  that  she  deserves,  in  the 
highest  degree,  the  confidence  you 
place  in  her,  and  the  respectful  re- 
gard I  entertain  for  her,  and  that 
she  will  fulfil  all  you  expect,  in  her 
cave  of  inc.  All  this  you  had  well 
weighed. — It  was  full  time,  you 
thought,  for  me  to  become  more 
intimately  acquainted  with  that 
sphere  of  life,  in  which  it  would  be 
my  allotment  to  move,  and,  prevent- 
ed by  a  long-  and  afflicting  inability 
to  attend  me  thither  yourself,  you 
have  at  length  executed  your  plan 
of  introducing  me,  as  it  is  called, 
to  the  world,  under  such  auspices, 
as  leave  not  the  least  sensation  of 
doubt  or  reluctance  in  your  mind  ; 
and  thus  I  am  become  an  inhabi- 
tant of  a  square  in  London, 

I  may  probably  tell  you  no  new 
thing-;  I  certainly  shall  not  sur- 
prise you,  when  1  mem  ion,  that  no 
small  degree  of  astonishment  has 
I  .  sed  by  relations  as  well  j 
as  acquaintance,  that,  with  my  for- 
tune. :\n<\  in  my  situation  in  life,  I 
should  have  consented  to  beso  long  . 
in  the  retirement  of  the  coun-  ! 


try  :  and  there  have  been  those  (for 
mischievous  spirits,  as  it  appears, 
are  by  no  means  confined  to  the  gay, 
the  busy,  and  crowded  scenes  of 
life),  who  have  endeavoured  to 
make  me  discontented  at  the  com- 
parative seclusion  in  which  I  lived 
with  you,  at  a  time  when  other 
young  women  of  my  age  and  con- 
dition, have  long  been  initiated  into 
the  higher  circles  of  life,  and  en- 
joyed all  the  pleasures  ot  them. 
1  have  been  told,  that  I  might  stay 
in  the  old  family  mansion,  to  nurse 
a  sick  mother,  till  I  should  be  tit 
for  no  other  occupation.  I  was  not, 
you  will  believe  me,  without  an 
answer  for  these  and  similar  sar- 
casms, and  it  was  equally  that  of 
my  understanding  and  my  heart, 
of  an  understanding  cultivated  by 
your  care,  and  an  heart  formed  by 
your  precepts  and  example.  My 
reply,  on  these  mortifying  occa- 
sions, for  they  certainly  did  morti- 
fy me,  was  uniformly  to  the  same 
effect:—"  That  I  felt  it  not  only 
an  essential  duty,  but  an  inexpres- 
sible pleasure,  to  attend  to  the  com- 
forts of  a  parent  who  was  prevented 
by  bodily  infirmity  from  quitting 
her  home ;  that  she  had  long  been 
bereaved  of  the  kindest  husband 
woman  ever  possessed,  as  they  all 
knew,  and  was  left  with  no  other 
child  but  me,  to  whose  education 
she  had  devoted  the  many  years  of 
her  widowhood,  and  that  1  owed 
her  more  than  tongue  could  ex* 
press.  I  never  tailed  to  argue  on 
the  advantages  I  received  by  re- 
maining continually  and  so  long 
with  her,  from  the  superior  instruc- 
tion conveyed  to  me  from  her  en- 
larged and  enlightened  understand-, 
ing,  and  the  improvement  which 
I   must  derive  from  the  continual 


AMII.IA    s     I 


213 


virw  ill  lici  \  ti  tui   •  and  Ihe  i 
siblu  communication  "I  her  exct  I- 
l,n<  r  ;  and  that  if  1  bad  remain*  il 
two  yean  beyond  tbi  hat  ii 

usual,  a<  i  "i  I m-  lo  the  fa  bionable 
etiquette  of  introducing  \ oun/ 
men  into  what  iscalled  life,  I  doubt- 
ed iiui  hut  I  sli.Hilil  derive  propor- 
tionable advantages  from  that  un- 
fashionable circumstance." 

I  would  onlj  reason,  m\  deare 
mother,  as  3  <m  have  taught  me  ; 
hui  where  could  I  have  found  such 
an  instructor,  so  qualified,  from 
experience,  knowledge,  manners, 
and  affe<  tion,  t<>  direct  mv  under- 
standing in  it -^  best  obje<  ts,  to  form 
my  manners  (<>  mj  condition,  and 
to  mould  my  beat  1  (o  the  purpose  s 
of  virtue? — 1  have  been  (old,  that 
I  was  ;t  romantic  girl ; — my  replj 
was, — v>  Change  the  expression,  if 
you  please,  and  call  me  a  romantic 
daughter ;  a  character  w  liich,  il'  ii 

is  so,  I  shall  ne\  er  desire  lo  lose." 
I  did  not  disclose  iliis  uuiuense  at 
tin-  time ;  because  it  made  no  im- 
pression on  me,  there  was  no  occa- 
sion to  mention  it  to  you  :  and  .is  I. 
heaven  Knows,  had  no  cause  of 
complaint,  1  would  not  give  these 
impertinent  discontents  of  oth<  rs, 
tin-  importance  of  being  offered  to 
_\  our  attention. 

There  i^  something  surely  more 
than  ridiculous  in  the  notion,  that 
ai  a  certain  age,  -iris  of  birth,  "t 
fortune,  must  peremptorily  breathe 
tin-  air  and  appear  in  the  circles  of 
fashionable  life;  as  it'  they  were 
to  be  disposed  of.  according  to  tin- 
custom  which  necessity  imposes  on 
the  inferior  classes,  of  putting  out 
the  boys  apprentices,  and  sending 
the  --iris  to  service.  The  days  of 
chivalry  are  certainly  past  and 
-one;   lor    instead   of    basing  our 


>slu» 
left  theii  to 

tend   for  (be  prize  oi  the 

I  hem  eh 
issue   from   il  eii   ca  ii  .    the 

dvea 

.      lo 

11 .-••  nl  our  modern  chc\ . 

..  ill  not  1  1  111 

theii  Ii    is  impotsibl      I 

am  told,  Tor  a  young  woman  to 
quire  an  elegance  of  behaviou  1 
any  thin-- like  a  fashionable  deport- 
ment, without    having    |        .1  one 
winter  at  lent  1   in  the  west  end  of 
London;  and  that  any  our  who  has 
been  absent  from  ii  a 
sons,  must    inn  ssaril  •  e   an 

antiquated  creature,   i  maj  .  nil 

.    (<t'  m\  self,  •   mo- 

ther, without  reserve  to  you,  and  I 
do  not  hesitate  to  assure  you ;  that, 
.it  the  only  party,  not  a  very  large 
one  indeed,  where  i  hi 
making  an  allowance  for 
anion--   si  1 
much  at  m\  ease,  a 
onal  festivities  in  our  •'  1 

at  |/trk  : 

that   ih>  accidental 
your  mansion, 
to   fashion 

disi  "\  er  ..    -i    inj  ! 

sec  or  bear  there,  that  th< 
of  it  hid  been  iis  constant  in! 
taut  during  the  last   I 
and.  of  c  *  .  1  an  ope- 

r:i.  «'  drawing-room  in 

tine  i  id. 

TI  it  I  shall  .  and 

1  will  add.  a  r.n  . 

ment  from  my  \  bit  to 
there  can  be,  I  ho|    . 

ain  that  .    and  f 

you   Mill  not 

mind  will  he  enl 


211 


AMELl  \'s   LETTERS. 


mv  understanding  will  be  strength- 
ened by  what    I   shall  hear  and  see, 

amid   the  busy  hum    of  mankind  ; 
my  imagination  will  be  corrected  by 


has  taken  very  kindly  to  me.  f 
need  not  fell  yon,  who  are  so  well 
versed  in  the  genealogy  of  our  no- 
bility,   the  rank  and  titles  of  her 


a  more  intimate  association  with  the     family  :  she  w;is  bom,  and  has  been 


world  :  and  I  shall  obtain  that  ex- 
perience, nor  can  I  desire  any 
other,  which  will   be  derived  from 


bred  up,  in  Grosvcuor-square,  and 
is  so  devotedly  attached  to  a  town 
life,    as,    in    my   poor  opinion,   to 


discovering  the  practical  truths  of    make   herself  perfectly   ridiculous 


those  theories  which   I  learned  in 
your  chamber  at  home. 

My  aunt,  with  her  quaint  and 
peculiar  humour,  tells  me,  that  J 
am  very  popular  with  the  elderly 
ladies.  Some  of  the  misses,  how- 
ever, while  tiny  acknowledge  thai 
lam  astonishing  well  for  one  who 
has  been  brought  up  in  the  country, 
have  sagaciously  discovered  thai 
1  am,  as  might  be  expected,  some- 
what deficient  in  the  manieres  du 
monde.  l*\  one  tonish  youth  it  has 
been  observed,  that  what  I  say  is 
sensible  enough,  but  (hat  I  deliver 
myself  with  such  precision,    as  if 


when  she  speaks  on  that  subject. 
She  appears  to  have  naturally  a 
good  understanding,  if  she  would 
but  make  a  right  use  of  if,  and  a 
large  portion  of  accomplishments, 
with  a  vivacity  that  is  pleasant 
enough  in  its  way  ;  but  the  least 
interruption  of  her  pleasures  will 
effectually  damp  it.  The  not  being 
invited  to  a  ball  ;  the  disappoint- 
ment of  n  partner  in  a  country 
dance  ;  the  omission  of  an  opera  ; 
a  rainy  Sunday  in  the  spring  ;  in 
short,  the  not  having  engagements 
for  a  fortnight  to  come,  are  treated 
as  real  misfortunes.    Her  happiness 


my  sentiments  were  repeated  from  n  depends  upon  the  state  of  her  card- 


a  book  :  while  another  of  the  same 
class,  who  has  the  character  of  a 
wit,  after  paying  some  compliments 
to  my  general  appearance,  vows  it 
is  a  pity  that  1  should  employ  words 
a  foot  long,  when  those  of  half 
an  inch  would  issue  from  my  pretty 
mouth  with  much  superior  effect. 
My  dearest  mother  little  thought 
what  a  pedant  she  had  made  of  her 
daughter.  I  am,  nevertheless,  con- 
soled by  the  opinion,  that  a  lew 
months  of  town  life  will  correct  all  jl  occasionally  regaled  with  the  de- 


rack  :  and,  according  to  the  contents 
of  that  machine,  she  is  lively  or  lan- 
guishing. She  detests  the  country, 
and  represents  her  father's  fine  place 
in  the  North  as  a  dreary  desert, 
where  she  hears  nothing  but  owls, 
and  sees  nothing  but  stags'  horns  : 
(he  only  prospect,  she  says,  it  pos- 
sesses worth  looking  at,  is  from  a 
high  ground  in  the  park,  which 
gives  a  view  of  the  high-road  to 
London,    and  where  you   may   be 


my  inaccuracies,  and  advance  me 
into   a   charming   creature.       You 
may  depend  upon  being  regularly 
informed  of  the  progressive  state  of  I 
my  improvements. 

I  must  tell  you,  dear  mother,  ra- 
ther as  a  matter  of  fact  than  of 
vanity,  that  Lady  Elizabeth 


ligbtful  sound  of  the  horn  of  a  mail- 
coach.  She  never  wishes  to  hear  the 
warbling  of  a  nightingale  out  of  Ken- 
sington-gardens, and  will  not  allow 
the  Thames  to  possess  a  beautiful 
feature  beyond  Vauxhall.  The  only 
country-seat  she  could  bear  to  in- 
habit is  Wimbledon  Park,  a  very 


AMI. I  I  \    -     I 


fine  place  belonging  to  Lord  Spcn-     '"i  that,  my  deai 


(  ci     ii'ii  indeed  <>n  account  "f  i 
ten!  <»i  ita  be  tuties,  though  i' 

sesses  liolli  ill  ;i   BUDC1  i"i  degH  e.  I  >n  I 

because  if  is  onl)  six  milea  from 
(own.  ••  ()  what  ;i  pla<  <■."  the  ex- 
claims, "'  i"i  a  /'  ><  '  hampili  <  '" 

\\  lien  I   was  d<^<  i  ibilMj  yoUl  I  ■'- 

nerablc  mansion  (<>  liei .  she  b 
lutely  shrieked,  und  desired  me  to 
slop,  for  she  \\ ;is  sine  some  horrid 
ghost,  clanking  his  chains,  would 
conclude  my  historj .  < >n  m\  men- 
tioning that  we  were  one  hundred 
;uhI  si\i\  miles  from  London,  she 
said  ii  was  ten  miles  worse  than  their 
frightful  castle,  by  being  that  Bpace 
more  remote  from  the  only  Bcene  of 
real  pleasure  and  rational  enjoy- 
ment* When  I  represented  the 
state  of  j  ''iif  health,  and  w  Ufa  those 
sensations  which  I  do  not  affect  <•> 

conceal   w  lienev  er    1  advert    to  that 

afflicting  subject,   "  No  wonder," 

she  >aid  :  "  for  what  kind  of  ad- 
vice or  medical  assistance  is  to  be 
expected  from  tin-  bungling  prac- 
titioners who  are   called  doctors  in 

the  country  ;  where,  ii  you  want  a 
saline  draught  iii  the  dog-days,  yon 
are  obliged   to  send  half  a   dozen 

miles  for  il  ?"  Tims  does  she  in- 
dulge herself  when  she  is  in  spirits, 

and  with  on  use  and  application  of 
terms  which  I  do  not  always  com- 
prehend.     I  diil  not  Know  before 


I  in,  is  you.      It  is  love,    I 
\ ou  an-  think 

well  emu 

who     look      al      \ 

brooks,    saunter    through 

and     lead     VCI  ilii    a     lj 

i  ree  ;  but   it  i  >i  not  Ii 

tow  ii  but  to  make  you  look  pal        I 
cure  \  <>n  oi  !  lughing  :  and  a 
youi  sighing  swains,  thej  are  per- 
fectly detestable.     Aftei  all,  what 
should    I  gain   by  matrimonj  .:    I 
hai '•  rank  and  title,  and  ^ti.i I ! 
fortune.      My   fatbi  r.  w  ho  ia 
dear*  ->  creature  alive,  i»  all  indul- 
gence, and  my  mother  I". 

-me  a-    well    a>    her  daUghtei 

that  I  do  not  perceive  how  I  should 
mend  my  situation  at  present  by 
becoming  a  married  woman.  I 
called  the  other  dai  on  my  friend, 

Lady      l> ,     and     found     her 

mining   her  child  l    she   was    1 

a  perfect  quiz,   and  fit  only  I 
represented  a>  a  figure  in  i  senti- 
mental print,  w  ith  matt  rnal  i 
lion  written  under  it.  and  -tin 
in  a  shop  window.'1  Lady  bUizabetfa 

has  made    a  dead    get,    sin 
my   rural    philosophy  ;   and   1  am, 
it  seems,  from  her  tuition,  to  return 
into  the  country  transformed  in;.>  a 

rational  creature,   when  I  am  to  Ix; 

so  enlightened  a>  to  prefer  an  opera 

to  a  rookery,  and   to  persuade  you 


that  the    world   of  fashion   had  al  to  change  provincial  breezes  for  the 
but  so  it  is  :     salubrious  air  of  Portland-p] 

Such  is  the  rodomontade  ol      i 
fashionable  friend  ;  and  as  it  helps 
.  to    enliven    society,    and    at  i 
]  people  about  her,  1  am  fearful  it 
w  ill  l>e  encouraged  into  a  h  i 

and    when    that    period    arri\ 

which  \  ivacity  ia 


gibberish  of  its  own 

and  I  shall  request  my  new   friend 

to  i;-i \ c  me  the  vocabulary  of  it. 

which  1   w  ill   send   you,    to  enl 

your  knowledge  of  languages.     On 

my  hinting  that,  as  she  had  given 
so  much  of  her  heart  to  dear  Lon- 
don, I  was  fearful  she  hail  been  •><> 


cruel  as  not  to  reserve  a  corner  of  it  .,  ful,  ii  will  become  ring 

for  any  one  of  its  inhabitants.  "As    talkativeness  that  no  on 
\       II  .    Vol.  1.  Y  f 


216 


METHOD    OF    BLEACHING    STRAW. 


I  am  iii  no  danger,  you  will  per- 
ceive, of  becoming  a  convert,  either 
(o  her  manners  or  opinions.  Tho' 
her  frolic  gaiety  will  sometimes, 
forcibly  as  it  were,  excite  my  mirth, 
it  leaves  not  a  sentiment  that  my 
mind  retains  for  five  minutes.  I 
consider  her  as  I  do  the  characters 
of  a  modern  comedy,  who  may 
amazeand  make  me  laugh  while  they 
are  on  the  scene,  but  leave  no  im- 
pression io  survive  the  fall  of  the 
curtain. — But  where,  I  may  surely 
nsl<,  and  the  question  will  not  dis- 
please— where,  I  say,  will  this  fol- 
ly terminate?  For  folly  it  is,  and 
all  these  sprightly  graces  are  but 
the  bells  which  gingle  on  the  cap, 
and  render  the  figure  that  wears  it 
more  conspicuous. — How  admira- 
bly does  Pope  describe  these  vota- 
ries of  fashion!  The  description 
would  not,  I  think,  be  exaggerated, 
if  I  were  to  say,  the  victims  of  it : 

See  how  the  world  its  veterans  rewards, 
A  youth  of  frolic,  an  old  age  of  cards  : 
Fair  to  no  purpose,  artful  to  no  end  ; 
Young  w  ithout  lovers,  old  without  a  friend. 

I  am  proud  of  having  extended 
rny  letter  to  such  a  length,  because 
1  well  know  that  it  will  be  gratify- 
ing to  your  heart.  You  shall  know 
how  I  have  proceeded  in  it. — When 
the  day  is  past,  and  1  retire  to  my 
chamber,  I  sit  down  to  my  table, 
and  write  some  portion  of  a  letter, 


before  I  recommend  my  sleeping 
hours  to  the  protection  of  Heaven  : 
and  thus  I  associate  the  duties  I 
jowc  to  my  earthly  parent  and  my 
celestial  Father. 

While  I  continue  in  the  constant 
practice  of  these  duties,  and  never 
will  I  cease  to  practise  them,  there 
can  be  no  apprehensions,  and  I  trust 
you  do  not  entertain  any,  that  the 
contagion  of  the  world  will  affect 
me.  Your  last  words  were,  "Con- 
tinue, my  dearest  child,  to  cherish 
that  affection  which  is  the  native 
inmate  of  your  heart,  and  it  will 
prove  a  talisman  now,  and  at  all 
times,  to  protect  you  from  the  dan- 
gers of  the  world,  where  pleasure 
assumes  so  many  shapes,  disguises 
itself  with  such  flattering  appear- 
ances, and  practises  such  seducing 
arts,  that  innocence  is  too  often 
caught  in  its  snares,  and  virtue  sus- 
pects not  the  charm  by  which  it  is 
betrayed." — You  added,  with  your 
last  embrace,  "  If  ever  you  should 
feel  your  affection  disposed  to  droop, 
delay  not  a  moment  to  hasten  to 
your  native  home,  that  it  may  re- 
vive in  a  parent's  arms." 

I  am  confident,  my  ever  dear  and 
honoured  mother,  that  as  I  left  you, 
so  I  shall  return  to  you, 
The  same  dutiful 

and  affectionate 

Amelia. 


METHOD  OF  BLEACHING  STRAW. 


Sin, 

As  what  relates  to  the  arts  can- 
not find  a  more  appropriate  place 
than  in  your  useful  Repository,  I 
transmit  you  the  following  observa- 
tions. 


TO  THE  EDITOR. 

The  common  mode  of  whitening 
straw,  which  has  been  for  some 
time  the  basis  of  an  elegant  manu- 
facture, is  by  stoving  it  with  sul- 
phur ;  in  other  words,  exposing  it 
|  to  sulphurous  acid  in  the  nascent 


r.xrr. iiimt  nt  nv  <  dvplrr. 


?]? 


pffalr.        I    do    not    know    that    Bet-   I  muriatic  acid,    silnrafi  d  «  ith    pot 


thollet'i  improvement  in  the  ;ui  <>i 
bleaching  hascvei  been  applied  to 

ittftW    in    lliis    < oiinlrv  j     but    I    am 

Informed  thai  Mr.  Fischer,  of  \  i- 
enna,  has  a\ ailed  himself  of  ii  n iili 
<1m*  greatest  success:  his  method  is, 
to  dip  the  straw  in  b  solution  ol 


ash.     Tli  is  ilms  rend 

rei  v  a  bite,  and  ii     Ltd  not  I 
liable  i<»  ^^ «-.*»r  yellow 
time,  thai  iis  flcxibilit  j 
I  am,  Ace. 

c.o   r. 


EXPERIMENT  on  CANDL1 

In  the  following  letter,  onasubjei  I  considerable  importance  in  do* 

mastic  economy,  the  author  alludes  to  ;•  communu  ition  from  Lord  Stanl 
iatrodoced  into  No.  II.  of  our  Repoui  I  "i  the  information  of  <»nr 

correspondent,  we  shall  beg  leave  lo  observe,  th  it  thi  m!y  w.is  tranam 

to  us  b\  hU  lordship,  the  table  having  been  annexed  by  inothei  hand,  and  thai 
Lord  Stanhope  makes  ao  mention  whatever  of  candles  with  waxed  a  - 

TO  THE  EDITOR. 

Seeing  tallow  candles  with  waxeoj 


Purl  sin  i  i,    Is'. 
7H1   I 

Sir, 

M  \  n  s  <>f  your  readers,  no 
doubt,  like  me,  will  feel  themselves 
much  obliged  by  the  letter  on  an 
object  of  such  general  importance, 
;is  the  bes(  means  of  procuring  arti- 
ficial light,  from  the  pen  <»f  ;i  pa- 
triotic nobleman,  (<»  whom  the  pub- 
lic arc  highly  indebted  for  various 
improvements.  1  must  observe, 
however,  I  do  not  perceive  in  it 
any  instruction  thai  A\ill  enable  a 

person    to   make  tallow    or  sperma- 

ceti   candles  on    Lord   Stanhope's 

plan  :    though  1  conceive,  from  the 

last  line  of  Ids  table,  that  the  can- 
dles to  which  he  alludes,  are  those 
v>ith  waxed  wicks.     If  I  be  right 

in  litis,  I  made  trial  of  a  pound 
above  a  Iwel vemontlt  ago,  the  re- 
sult of  which  was  very  different 
from  that  of  his  lordship's  experi- 
ments. Whether  this  was  the  fault 
of  the  principle  itself,  or  of  the  ar- 
ticle I  used  not  being  properly  ma- 
nufactured, 1  cannot  pretend  to  -  >\  : 
but  the  following  is  an  accurate 
statement  of  the  fact : 


w  icks  advertised  to  be  sold  at  No, 
Fleet-street,  whi4  h  were  I 
to  have  the  advantages  of  seldom, 
if  i  \er,  being  subject  to  what  is 
called  a  thief  in  the  candle  :  of  ne- 
ver guttering,  unless  from  bad  snuff- 
ing or  carrying  about ;  and  of  burn- 
ing longer,  and  giving  .1  brighter 
light  than  the  usual  mould  candles  ; 
I  bought  a  pound  of  them,  of  the 

si/e  called  short  sixes  :  tin  |  ■  \ 
burned,  with  a  pound  of  common 
short  six  moulds,  one  of  each  at  <t 
time,   on  a   table    in    my   study,    in 

candlesticks  of  equal  heights,  pay- 
ing great  attention  to  the  snuffing 
both  ;  lighting  both  at  the  same  in- 
stant from  the  same  candle,  and  ex- 
tinguishing both  at  tin'  same  instant 
w  Ufa  an  extinguisher  in  either  hand. 
Farther,  that  the  distance  from  the 
fire,  and  the  difference  of  anj  cur- 
rent of  air,  might  have  no  effi 
the  prejudice  or  ad\  antage  of  cither, 
I  changed  their  places  alternately, 
burning  first  a  waxed  wick  candle 
on  the  right,  and  a  common  candle 
on  the  left,  and  then  the  reverse. 
The  result  was,  that  the  common 

FfS 


SIS 


late  m>rovr.Rir.s  in*  galvanism. 


moulds  burned  rather  longer  than 
the  waxed  wick  candles,  cacli  gain- 
ing a  little  on  its  antagonist :  though 
1  must  observe  that,  on  comparing 
the  shadows  cast  by  both,  the  waxed 
•\\  icks  appeared  to  give  a  somewhat 
stronger  light:  this  should  naturally 
be  the  result  of  a  greater  consump- 
tion of  similar  inflammable  matter. 

A  few  -words  on  the  subject  of 
oil  :  I  have  now  before  me  a  lamp 
with  a  flat  wick,  that  gives  a  light 
about  equal  to  the  average  of  a 
short  mould  six  tallow  candle  :  it 
Mas  scut  me  for  my  examination  by 
a  friend,  who  has  used  it  the  gre  iter 
part  of  the  winter,  and  he  says  that 
it  consumes  a  pint  of  oil  in  forty- 
nine  hours.  The  wick,  which  is 
just  half  an  inch  wide,  costs  two- 
pence a  yard  ;  and  a  quarter  of  a 
yard,  which  is  put  in  at  once, 
serves  for  a  pint  of  oil.    The  lamp 


holds  half  a  gill  :  and  if  it  be  full 
when  lit,  it  Mill  burn  four  hours 
before  it  needs  to  be  replenished 
with  oil :  once  in  two  hours  it  re- 
quires to  have  the  wick  raised  alit- 
\  tie,  and  fresh  trimmed.  The  oil 
he  uses  is  Is.  4d.  a  gallon  :  I  will 
not  say  it  is  perfectly  void  of  smell; 
but  it  is  to  be  observed,  that  the  re- 
finement of  oil  beyond  a  certain  de- 
gree, diminishes  its  capacity  for 
affording  light.  The  expence  of 
the  light  produced  by  this  lamp, 
therefore,  is  at  the  rate  of  seven- 
pence  for  forty-nine  hours,  or  seven 
farthings  for  twelve  hours.  If  oil 
at  six  shillings  a  gallon  were  used, 
the  expence  for  twelve  hours  might 
be  estimated  at  about  9'7  farthings. 
I  am, 

Sir, 
An  admirer  of  your  useful  and 
instructive  Repository. 


OX  THE  LATE  DISCOVERIES  IN  ELECTRO-CHEMICAL 

SCIENCE. 


The  genius  of  Franklin  gave,  in 
the  middle  of  the  last  century,  ar- 
rangement and  form  to  the  scatter- 
ed facts  of  electricity ;  Epinus  had 
adorned  it  with  a  mathematical  the- 
ory, and  Cavendish  had  illustrated 
this  theory  with  all  his  sagacity  and 
profound  analytical  powers,  when 
a  step,  as  unexpected  as  important, 
was  made  in  the  science,  by  the 
discovery  of  those  new  electrical 
and  chemical  facts  which  have  been 
improperly  comprehended  under 
the  name  of  Galvanism. 

Gal vani  discovered,  that  the  mus- 
cles of  frogs  contracted  by  the  ap- 
plication of  metals,  and  conceived 
that  he  had  ascertained  a  new  law 
in  nature;  but  V  olta  soon  shewed 


that  the  effect  was  electrical,  and 
that  Galvani  had  merely  made 
known  a  new  electrometor.  Volta 
is  the  great  early  discoverer  in  this 
path  of  enquiry,  and  we  owe  to  him 
the  most  important  electrical  instru- 
ment ever  constructed,  the  eleetri- 
cul pile,  of  which  he  published  the 
first  account  in  1S00. 

As  soon  as  this  wonderful  appa- 
ratus was  made  known,  the  philoso- 
phers, in  every  part  of  Europe,  em- 
ployed themselves  in  examining  its 
agencies  ;  and  the  consequence  was, 
the  discovery  of  various  new  facts. 
Messrs.  Van  Troostwyck  and  Dei- 
man  had  ascertained  some  years  be- 
fore, that  when  electrical  shocks 
were  passed  through  water,  oxy- 


\.\  I  l     DIBC0VEM1       I       '     .  I  \   \  M«M. 


VIM 


gen  and  hydro  <  were  <■'.  oh  - 

,,l. 

This  procesi  wis  much  more  ea- 
*,i  1  v  pci  formed  bj  i  he  in  -i  rum 
\  nil..,  l>\  Messrs  Nicholson  and 
Carlisle ;  and  these  ingenious  gen- 
tlemen,  and  Mr.  Cruickshank,  as- 
certained that  acid  matter  appeared 
;il  din'  pole,  ;iihI  alkaline  matter  ;it 
(he  oilier.  Soon  after  this,  M  i .  Da- 
\  \  a  i  ertained,  that  the  Lr:'s<>  were 
produced  separate  from  each  other, 
u  the !i\  drogen  al  the  negatii e  pole, 
and  the  oj  j  gen  ;it  the  posith  e 
pol 

Tin'  \.ii ioua  physical  researches 
on  the  pile  gave  a  clear  demonstra- 
tion, that  Voltaic  ele<  tricity  was 
identical  with  common  ele<  U  u  itj  , 
and  that  they  depended  upon  the 
tame  agent.  Various  speculations 
were  formed  upon  the  chemical 
phenomena  presented  bj  the  action 
of  the  pile  upon  water.  Some  phi- 
losophers conceived  that  the  sepa- 
rate production  of  the  two  gases 
militated  against  the  idea  of  the  de- 
composition of  water.  Mr.  I  :uiek- 
shanh  supposed  the  acid  matter 
which  appeared,  to  be  nitrous  acid, 
and  the  alkaline  matter)  ammonia; 
M.  Desormes  conceived  the  acid 
to  he  the  muriatic  acid;  and  M. 
Pacchioniand  Mr.  Charles  Sylves- 
ter asserted]  that  muriatic  acid  and 
fixed  alkali  were  produced  by  the 
operation  of  the  pile  upon  pure 
water. 

It  w;is  the  investigation  of  these 
results  with  respect  to  the  agency 
of  electricity  upon  water,  tluit  led 
to  those  experiments  of  Mr.  Davy, 
which  have  tended  to  produce  so 
great  an  advance  in  physical  know- 
ledge, and  which  form  the  subject 
of  the  present  communication. 

A  sketch  of  discoveries,  which, 


in  the  works  of  the  author,  arc  de- 
tailed in  the 

and  n  iili  the  most  ^im  i  lo  ■  .  il  i<  - 
curacy,  must  nei  c     irilj 
impei  fei  t  ;  but    il 
nei  il  id(  i  «>i  the 

n ho  bai ■•  it  not  in  ilnir  powi  i  ta 
pel  use  the  original  documents  pub- 
lished in  the  Philotophit  at  Trai 
//ri//v,  or  t"  attend  the  eloquent  and 
profound  lectures  deli i  ered  by  the 
professor  at  the  Roj  al  Institution. 

In  per  form  i       expei  iments  upon 
water,  Mr.  I) ivj  found,  that  when 
the  water  was  entirely  free  from 
line  matter,   and  other  impurities, 
neither  acid  nor  alkali  was  gem  i  it- 

ed  in  it  by  electru  li  \  :  I  mi  r  when- 
ever il  contain)  d  ueutr  il  sal) 
was  in  contact  with  matei ials  con- 
taining alkali  and  acid,  the  I 
alwaj  s  si  parated  ;it  the  positive 
pole,  and  the  ;d  kali  ai  the  negative: 
and  in  consequence  of  tliis  princi- 
ple, not  only  soluble  salts 
composable,  but  likewise  insoluble 
compounds,   Buch  .is  glass,  - 

Containing  lime  or  alkali,  heavy 
spar,  and  fluor  spar.  In  pursuing 
this  subject,  he  found  that  sui  h 
wore  the  tendencies  of  alkaline  mat- 
ters to  be  attracted  by  the  negative 
pole, that  the\  even  passed  through 

acid  solutions  towards  it  ;   and  such 

was  the  tendency  ol  acids  toi 

the   positive  pole,   that  tin  \    ;  I 

through  alkaline  solutions. 

lie  found  that  the  same  principle*; 

applied  to  metallic  oxides,  and  thai 
it  is  a  compreheusii  i  met,  thai  acids 
in  general,  oxj  gen,  and  bodies  that 
contain  oxygen  in  excess,  are  at- 
tracted by  the  positive  p<>le  ;  and 
alkalies,    inflammable    Bubstai 

metals,  ami  metallic  oxides  in  ge- 
neral, are  attracted  by  the  negative 
pole. 


220 


ON    THE    WASTE    OF    AGRICU  LTl  R  AL    PRODtJCE. 


In  endeavouring  to  discover  the 
cause  of  these  extraordinary  phe- 
nomena, he  found,  that  acids  arc 
naturally  negative  with  respect  to 
alkalies  ;  that  if  these  bodies  be 
brought  into  contact  and  separated, 
tlic  acid  is  found  negative,  the  al- 
kali positive.  He  likewise  found, 
that  acids  are  negative  with  regard 
to  metals  ;  and  he  asks,  therefore, 
whether  the  attraction  of  the  acid 
to  the  positive  pole,  and  the  alkali, 
oxides,  or  metal  to  the  negative 
pole,  is  not  a  mere  law  of  electrical 
attraction,  the  electrified  surface 
attracting  the  body  which  is  in  the 
opposite  state  ? 

In  examining  the  electricity,  or 
electrical  energy,of  different  bodies 
w  it  li  respect  to  each  other,  he  found, 
that  those  which  enter  into  chemi- 
cal union,  are  in  opposite  states: 
that  if  the  opposite  states  are  exalt- 
ed, they  more  readily  combine ; 
but  that  if  they  are  brought  into 


the  same  state,  they  refuse  to  com- 
bine and  repel  each  other;  and  he 
puts  the  query,  "  whether  chemi- 
cal attraction,  and  electrical  energy 
or  attraction,  may  not  be  identi- 
cal, and  the  same  property  of 
matter?" 

In  the  Bakerian lecture  for  1806, 
and  in  his  popular  courses  of  lec- 
tures 1807,  1808,  and  1809,  he  has 
illustrated  these  principles  by  many 
beautiful  experiments,  and  applied 
them  to  many  phenomena  of  nature  : 
at  the  same  time,  with  that  rational 
caution  which  always  accompanies 
the  truly  philosophical  character, 
he  refrains  from  dogmatizing  on  the 
subject;  and  though  the  splendid 
discoveries  which  have  followed 
the  pursuit  of  the  principle,  might 
have  led  to  some  confidence  in  it, 
yet  his  object  evidently  is,  rather  to 
multiply  facts,  than  to  support  opi- 
nions. 

(To  be  continued.) 


ON  THE  WASTE  OF  AGRICULTURAL  PRODUCE. 
TO  THE  EDITOR. 


Letter  ii. 


Sin, 

As  you  had  the  goodness  to  in- 
sert my  introductory  letter  on  the 
waste  of  agricultural  produce  in 
the  last  number  of  your  valuable 
Repository,  1  shall  endeavour  to 
point  out  some  of  the  species  of 
waste  as  tkey  occur  in  progression, 
beginning  with  the  feeding  or  graz- 
ing of  cattle  on  pastures  of  green 
food,  whether  they  are  turned  out 
to  range  at  liberty  over  the  whole, 
or  confined  to  a  certain  portion.  I 
shall  then  follow  the  animal  into  the 
farm-yard,  and  into  the  stall,  point- 


ing out  the  waste  that  he  makes  of 
his  various  food,  by  drawing  it  un- 
der his  feet  from  the  crib;  from 
which  it  is  imperceptibly  mixed 
with  his  litter,  and  thrown  to  the 
dung-heap.  After  this  I  shall  make 
some  observations  on  the  diffe- 
rent wastes  of  the  farinaceous  pro- 
duce, either  in  the  seed  from  the 
mode  in  which  it  is  put  into  the 
ground,  or  in  the  field  after  it  has 
arrived  at  maturity,  before  it  is  de- 
posited in  the  barn  ;  in  its  separa- 
tion from  the  straw  and  chaff;  and 
lastly,  in  the  granary  and  the  mill. 


OH     i  ii  i     IfASTE    nr    ac;ii  ic  i  1.1  '  HAL    Pno  D 


,,,, 


In  the  first  place,  cattle,  collect* 
big  their  food  in  ;i  "inn  or  dry  Btate, 
do  unavoidably  make  much  wa  te 
\fthcy  are  tui  ncd  i  >  ■  i  <  >  pasture,  the} 
injure  the  gra  s  \\  iili  their  feet,  ;> m< I 
■oil  i(  with  their  dung.  \  V( 
ble  bruited  in  iti  growing  itate, 
either  by  pressure,  or  any  othci 
cause,  ii  rendered  unhealthy,  till 
the  time  that  nature  liaa  forced  off 
the  injured  pari ;  and  ihis  w ill  take 
many  dayi  even  in  the  most  grow- 
ing season,  all  which  time  ii  ii  un- 
fit lor  food. 

Man  a  \  oil  Is  eating  the  bruised  <>r 
injured  parti  of  fruit  <>r  vegetables, 
from  their  disagreeable  taste;  if  is 
therefore  l»ut  reasonable  t<>  infer, 
that  animali  refuse  them  for  the  same 
cause*  That  the  feet  of  animals  in- 
jure the  grass  by  bruising  if  at  the 
time  they  arc  collecting  their  food, 
is  very  obvioua  to  the  eye  of  a  per- 
son passing  through  a  pasture  where 
cattle  have  been  grazing  in  a  frosty 
morning,  the  print  of  their  feet  be- 
ing so  visible  as  to  be  seen  at  a  con- 
siderable distance  for  many  days  .li- 
ter. \\  here  animals  drop  their  dung 
the  grass  is  destroyed  for  many 
months,  nearly  the  whole  of  a  sum- 
mer, w  hich  isa  ureal  waste,  alt  hough 
Dot  \  ery  conspicuous,from  being  dis- 
persed over  the  field;   but  were  all 

those  spots  united,  they  would  exhi- 
bit \o  the  eye  of  the  grazier  a  loss 
Jar  beyond  liis  conception. 

In  the  early  pari  of  summer, 
when  t Ik'  grass  is  very  succulent, 
the  dung,  from  the  lax  state  of  the 
animal,  is  more  spread  over  the 
land,  and  is  sooner  washed  in  by 
the  rains,  than  when  it  is  dropped 
more  in  a  heap  ;  hut  as  there  is  more 
grass  soiled  by  its  being  more  spread, 
the' waste  is  nearly   (he  same. 

It  is  a  query  whether  grass,  the 


pi oducc  "i  i  '  <  ui  and  i  of* 

I  tec  ted  by  mat  en  '"  the  ani- 

mal in  the  stall),  would  not  produce 
as  much  nutriment  ai   three    o  r<-s 
razed  l»\  the  <  attle  i  >i  li- 

berty  about  theii  pastun 
saving  would  by  in  overj  \  the 
labour  ami  attcn  lark  <•,  exrlusii e 
of  the  advantage  "I  the  enlai  I 
dung-heap,  which  may  be  expend- 
ed either  on  tin-  arable  <»i  laov ing 
grounda :  ami  as  all  lands  arc  i-  i- 
tilized  by  being  shaded  in  the  ram- 
mer montha  from  the  sun  ami  atmo- 
spheric   ail  ,     i  Ilia    I  (fed    would    he 

more  fully  produ<  ed,  .1-  but  a  small 

poi  tion  would  he  e\  DO  ed  :il  a  tone, 
and    that    only     for   a  l<-w  day  s,   till 

the  young  shoot   h  is  <  01 .  red  the 
ground. 

The  profit  and  ad  vantage  of  keep* 
ing  more  stock  upon  a  farm,  has  i>,-- 

eoine  so  obvious  to  some  improv- 
ing farmers,  that  they  hai  e  adopted 
the  economical  practice  ol  Boiling 
their  eat  tie  in  the  farm-yard  through- 
out the  summer,  either  from  the 
crib  or  the  manger.  The  latti  1  is 
by  far  the  most  profitable;  if  they 
have  plenty  of  sweet  straw  to  cut 
up  with  their  green  food,  three 
fourths  grass,  clover,  sainfoin,  or 
tares,  with  one  fourth  straw,  cut 
about  an  inch  l<>ni.r,  and  shaken  up 
with  a*  six-pronged  fork,  by  which 
it  becomes  bo  effectually  mixed  as 
to  prevent  the  animal  from  making 
a  separation.  The  dry  and  binding 
quality  of  the  straw  counteracts  the 
relaxing  tendency  "t  the  succulent 
grass,  \r.  I  know  several  farmers 
that  have  most  successfully  ad< 
this  praefiee  lor  the  last  tour  or  five 
.  and  w  ho  are  all  s,»  fully  con- 
vinced of  its  utility,  that  they  con- 
tinue to  pursue  it  to  the  utmost  <  si- 
lent  ol  their  produce,      li\   iht..« 


ON    THE    WASTE    OF    AGRICULTURAL    PRODUCE. 


means  they  find  the  produce  of  two 
acres  go  as  far  as  three  fed  upon 
the  ground  ;  which  enables  them  to 

keep  one  third  more  stock  than  they 

did  before  they  adopted  this  prac- 
tice. 

That  the  food  of  animals  is  much 

injured   in  its   dry  state,  by   their 

standing  and  trampling  upon  it,  is 

obvious  to  every  intelligent  farmer; 

and  that  much  waste  occurs  from 

their  pulling  it  out  of  the  crib  while 

they  arc  feeding,   by  the  motion  of 

the  mouth  in  mastication,  isequally 

evident.     Many  of  those  bents  and 

stems  of  hay,  &c.  that  are  not  taken 

up  parallel  with    the  tongue,  fall 

to  the  ground,    and    the  aptitude 

they  have   to  keep  their  heads  in 

motion    when     they   are    feeding, 

causes  the  hay  to  fall  as  wide  as  the 

range    of  their  mouths,  by  which 

it  is  soon  drawn  under  their  icei,  and 

by  that  means  becomes  tainted  to 

such  a  degree  as  to  be  very  lothsome 

when  again  presented  to  the  mouth. 
This  waste  does  not  amount  to  much 

less  than  one  sixth  of  all  the  food 
that  is  taken  from  the  crib,  either  by 

horses,  neat  cattle,  or  sheep  ;  near- 
ly the  whole  of  which  may  be  sav- 
ed by  reducing  it  so  short  as  to 
prevent  the  animal  taking  up  more 
at  amouthfulthan  is  contained  with- 
in the  lips.  It  would  then  come  in 
contact  with  the  saliva,  whose  ad- 
hesive nature  would  prevent  such 
small  parts  from  falling  to  the  ground 
at  the  time  of  mastication. 

Sheep,  when  fed  with  hay,  select 
all  the  finer  parts,  not  for  their  su- 

Since  we  received  tins  letter  from  our  valuable  correspondent,  we  have  seen  a  pro- 
spectus, issued  by  the  Board  of  Agriculture,  offering  several  premiums  for  sub- 
jects of  rural  economy  connected  with  the  above  communication. 


perior  taste,  but  because  they  are 
easier  masticated,  what  the.  refuse 
containing  as  much  nutriment  as 
what  they  prefer.  This  is  fully 
proved  by  reducing  the  hay  so 
short  as  to  prevent  that  selection, 
by  which  they  consume  the  whole, 
and  thrive  much  better  than  they 
do  on  long  food.  If  we  view  the 
fields  at  the  spring  of  the  year, 
where  they  have  been  fed  with  hay 
through  the  winter,  we  can  then 
form  some  idea  of  the  waste  they 
have  made  of  produce,  the  whole 
of  which  might  have  been  converted 
into  the  best  of  food  by  the  simple 
process  of  cutting. 

The  waste  of  the  larger  animals 
is  not  quite  so  conspicuous,  as  a 
considerable  portion  of  it  is  drawn 
under  them  by  way  of  litter  ;  it  is 
then  thrown  to  the  dung-heap,  and 
becomes  almost  invisible.  Although 
this  waste  may  appear  less  singly, 
it  is  much  greater  in  the  aggregate 
than  that  from  sheep. 

After  I  have  enumerated  the  dif- 
ferent species  of  waste  that  occur 
upon  a  farm,  I  shall  endeavour  to 
give  descriptions  (in  the  same  order 
of  succession)  of  the  newest  and 
most  approved  implements,  machi- 
nery, buildings,  and  other  arrange- 
ments, necessary  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  different  products  of  the 
field;  by  which  I  hope  to  be  of 
some  service  to  the  public,  and  ren- 
der myself  worthy  the  name  of 

An  Economist. 

March  2,  1809. 


M  MIWTIIV. 
TO  'JUL  IJ>ll<  i: 


Sir,  ||  Minerva  bai  i 

Passing  yonr  door  in  the  Strand,    door  to  petition  foi    intl 

an fuJ    '  ■  i     human 

flnv.li.  i,(  (i   ...  <ili  .i  milii  ir?  I-  • 


which  I  regard  os  (hat  of  the  temple 
nl  tin-  fine  arts,  and  obsei  ving  the 
bird  of  M  inei  i  .1  in  (he  attitude  of 
demanding  aliment,  I  put  into  iti 
mouth  a  subject  of  the  most  nutri- 
tious kind  ;  w  hicli,  (hough  not  ap« 
pertaining  to  the  fine  ai  I  -.  foi  ma  t h«* 
first  ;ui(l  most  important  of  all  know- 
ledge, that  of  man  himself,  in  his 
relations  (<»  all  cxislenl  11  iture,  de- 
veloped in  'li«'  element  <>r  first  piiii- 
ciplc  of  the  mora]  woi  Id,  c  died 

PATHY . 

[nthe  phj  >« i < - :  1 1  world.  Newton  has 
discovered  the  first  element  of  the 
laws  of  motion,  and  i's  harmonious 


1        lhal    ti  itl  ing   but  the  hi 
efforts  of  n  i  do  n  1  m  1 
the  pit  ilized  world. 
The  phenomena  of  nature   • 

s<'ii(   to    "in   .\  n.  1 ;.  m  , 

modes  of  a<  lion  i  th< 

ing  a  barmonioti 

called   \;-i<  ii  ,•   and  the  oth<  1   an 

ii  n  j  ular  action,    with   no  a] 

ance  <it'  barmonj  in  ends  ai 

and    is   therci  . Ilt-cl 

( ontingi  a 

Everj   mode  or  substance  in 
istence    belongs  to   some 


course  of  action,  which  he  has  called    that  is.  an  01  lion  in  which 

gravity ;  though   I  iliink  ii  would  I  rules  predomL 
have  been  more  consistent  with  his    but  though  each  belongs  :<»  a 
professions  of  experimental,  and  not    cific  system,  yet  these 


hypothetical,    knowledge,  to  have 
called  if   influence)    which   would 


(ems,  in  their  actions  towar  Is  1  ach 
other,  produce  a  contrary  action, 


not   have  been  liable  to   contrary  called  co               /  ,•  :i-,  when 

hypotheses  of  repulsion,    buoyant  tricity,    that   c  uses   fertility, 
luids,  virtues,  &c.  &c.                   |  stroysthe  harvest  in  a  storm;  the 

The  discoveries  of  Newton  have  earth   thai  establis 
made  us  better  acquainted  with  the  citj  .  the  foundation  ofa  cil   . 
relations  of  our  globe  to  its  fellow  turns  it  by  an  earthquals  •  ;  th«-  air, 
planets  in  the  solar  system,  and  the  that  procures  respirati                 ties 
discoveries  which   I  have  put  into  ^^  i;c*i  mephitic ;  and  in   th 
the  mouth  of  Minerva's  bird  (cry-  world,  all  the  systems  of  1         j  - 
ing  for  food,   though  standing  in  ciety,  which  lead  topi              .  li- 
the  Magazine,    and   daily   stuffed  berty,    and    happiness,    carry    in 
with    all    the  aliment    of  the    fine  themlatent<  tus  -      discord,  which 
art>),    is  to  make  man  acquainted  terminate  in  destructive  conl 
with  the  more  important  relations  and  dissolution  of  system, 
of  his  fellow-creatures,  and  procure  These  two  principles        syi 
that    peace,    happiness,    and    im-  and  contingency,  which  chanu 
provability,    ot   all    sensitive   life,  ize  the  two  disti                 .    fall  the 
the  great  end.  of  his  existence,  and,  pheno                 n  'i!<m    or 
is  I  conceive,  the  real  aliment  which  have  ever  been  pei 

Vb.  //'.    Vol.  I  Gg 


9-2  i 


rfVMPATHV. 


ancients  and  moderns,  and  forms  of 
worship  have  been  instituted  to  pro- 
pitiate the  genius  of  good,  synoni- 
mous  with  system,  to  defend  man- 
kind against  the  genius  of  evil,  sy- 
nonimous  with  contingency. 

I  shall  treat  these  opinions  with 
respectful  silence,  because  they  have 
been  used  in  all  countries  as  the  in* 
dispensible  clues  of  social  order,  to 
conciliate  the  harmony  of  human 
opinion,  till  reason  shall  be  able  to 
discover  and  establish  the  intelli- 
gible and  irresistible  truths  of  na- 
ture, in  the  unity  of  self-interest 
with  universal  good  in  time  and  fu* 
turity. 

My  purpose  in  this  important 
essay  on  sympathy,  is  to  analyze 
U*  powers,  and  prove  experimen- 
tally what  are  its  laws  to  keep  the 
moral  world  in  system,  and  enable 
rule  to  predominate  over  contin- 
gency, or  the  sum  of  happiness  over 
that  of  misery* 

I  w  ill  first  explain  the  nature  of 
sympathy  ;  and  then  illustrate,  on 
the  characters  of  nations  or  indivi- 
duals, its  experimental  laws  of  cause 
and  effect,  to  diminish  contingency 
and  augment  system,  synonimous 
with  good  and  evil  in  the  moral 
world,  when  directed  by  sense  or 
reason,  disciplined  according  to  the 
laws  of  intellectual  power. 

Sympathy  is  the  result  of  a  seri- 
ous and  thoughtful  disposition, 
which  procures  the  highest  state  of 
mental  sensibility  (opposed  to  ani- 
mal irritability,  which  proceeds 
from  the  will,  uninfluenced  by 
thought),  to  feel  the  relations  we 
stand  in  to  the  pains,  pleasures,  and 
powers  of  our  fellow-beings,  which 
enables  individuals  who  possess  it 
to  combine  their  powers  into  a  focus 
or  union  of  multiplied  force,  moral 


and  physical,  which  carries  human 
energy  to  its  acme. 

This  quality  is  possessed,  in  a 
peculiar  and  characteristic  manner, 
by  the  British  people  alone,  as  I 
shall  prove  by  various  instances  of 
national  and  individual  conduct. — 
The  youth  of  both  sexes  are  pre- 
vented, by  an  exquisiteness  of  sen- 
sibility, from  speaking,  singing,  or 
performing  any  act  by  which  they 
are  to  become  objects  of  general 
attention.  Adults  shew  the  same 
sensibility  in  all  public  assemblies  ; 
and  generals,  who  have  been  re- 
markable for  their  courage  and  suc- 
cess in  the  field,  have  found  it  dif- 
ficult to  approach  their  sovereign 
at  his  court  without  an  embarrass- 
ment of  their  sensibility,  betrayed 
by  blushes  and  much  awkward  de- 
portment. 

Their  humanity  to  the  brute  spe- 
cies is  a  most  honourable  and  cha- 
racteristic trait  of  sensibility  ;  and 
many  battles  have  been  fought  in 
the  streets  of  London,  out  of  pure 
sympathy  with  their  fellow-beings, 
the  brutes  ill  treated  by  cruel  coach- 
men and  drivers. 

The  numberless  charitable  insti- 
tutions in  England  both  testify  and 
reward  this  inestimable  quality  of 
sensibility  ;  and  it  is  strikingly  il- 
lustrated in  the  old  horses  pension- 
ers in  many  gentlemen's  parks. 

I  will  now  exemplify  it  even  in 
the  vices  of  the  people,  among 
whom,  when  a  quarrel  ensues,  the 
mob  will  suffer  no  injustice  of 
strength,  but  are  vigilant  to  see 
all  the  rules  of  boxing  punctually 
followed,  without  any  partiality  to 
the  parties,  whatever  may  be  their 
rank  ;  and  though  these  battles  are 
attended  with  much  bloodshed,  and 
sometimes  death,   yet  these  very 


-  r  M  P  \  i  in  . 


peo| 


>le  hold   murder   in  r<>  much 


sympathetic  sensibility,  testified  by 
the  Liberal  rewardi  offered  for  de- 
tection) unknown  in  any  other  conn* 
try.  To  shew  thai  thii  quality  of 
sympathy  is  not  lost,  but  operate! 
with  great  energy,  even  among  the 
most  abandoned  pick-pockets,  i( 
will  be  sufficient  to  observe,  thai  ■ 
gang  of  tea  <>r  twelve  of  these  ruf- 
iani   will    POb  at   noon-day,  in  (lie 

aaott  public  streets,  leveral  indivi* 
duals,  one  after  the  other,  by  the 
combination  of  their  action  in  com* 
radeship  or   sympathetic  union  ol 

lone,  which  no  people  in  the  world 

but  the  English  would  dare  to  at- 
tempt, or  could  possibly  succeed  in. 

In  the  vice  ofboxing,  which  h;i- 
some  appearance  of  apology  in  the 

extreme  sensibility  of  the  people 
when  their  character  or  person  is 
injured,  even  in  this  barbarous  cus- 
tom ■  degree  of  magnanimity  and 
sympathy  is  displayed  in  temper 
and  force  which  is  hardly  credible 
to  foreigners.  The  parties  lay  aside 
all  anger,  and  the  mind  seems  oc- 
cupied wholly  with  the  triumph  ol 
skill;  and  many  have  been  known 
to  i-\i  hum,  "  I  won't  take  the  ad- 
vantage of  your  situation  I"  when, 
i(  they    had   struck  the  blow,   they 

must  have  gained  the  battle,  on  the 

termination  of  which  the  parties 
shake  hands,  and  no  malice  after- 
wards is  ever  known. 

It  is  impossible  to  contemplate  . 
the  printed  figures  of  the  Uiiti^h 
prize-fighters  without  Learning  the 
distinct  natures  of  animal  anil  men- 
tal sensibility  :  the  first  having  the 
reason  controuled  by  the  will,  loses 
all  moral  force  by  the  ferocity  and 


angei  <>i  the  tempei  \  while  mental 
sensibility  or  sympathi .  i  ontrouling 
the  will  aril h  iln  res  on,    riewi  and 


horror,  that  the  assassination  ol  •• 

•ingle    individual    will     throw     the 

whole    city    into    consternation    and      ealculate,  di   pai    LOfiaU'lj   tll( 

and  ends  of  •  t « J  ■  di  e  and   i 
;nid  [i   nre  to  triumph  01 1 
cious  and  irritable  antagonist. 

The   Boon  h  t  lans,    1 1    !     ■•  bite 
b<>\  -,  and    I  .:i';  lish  gan        , 
a  sympathy  unknewn  (<•  sll  tl 
lions  of  the  nroi Id  |  and  i be  i  igo- 
r(tus  charge  ol  the  f '  r  1 1  i - 1 1 
united   by    sympathy   (which    no 
discipline  or  tactics  can  produce) 
into  trusses  or  bundles,  no  \>  >i 
troops ( bowei ra  i up*  i ioi  then  num- 
bers) w  ill  eVCf  be  able  to  r<  I 

throughout  the  present  n  ar,  have 

never  dared  f>r  a  moment  t<>  i 
tend  with,  bnl  always  fled  in  the 
utmost  consternation,  as  the  bat- 
tles it  Landrccj .  Icre,  M  .  I 
meira,  and  Corunna,  can  lestif) . 
Whencvei  the  British  genci  Is  dial! 
have  genius  and  heroism  sufficient 
to  lay  aside  their  parade  manoeuvres 
and  close  w  ith  the  baj  onet,  the  Bi  i- 
tish  army  v\ill  conquer  European 
enemies    with    more   inequality   ^nd 

facility  than  they  do  those  ol  I 
whose  troop.s.  ha\  imr  no  dist  ipline, 
are  liable  to  no  panic,  and  are  ac- 
customed to  manual  conflict;  I 
if  beaten,  to  retreat  with  their 
in  their  hands,  but  never  to  throw 
them  down  or  capitulate  as  Euro- 
pean nations  do. 

I   shall    now  contemplate  the  in- 
fluence of  the  quality  of  sympathy 
(the  universal  principle  of  the  I 
world,  as  hi  >.t  or  fire  is  that  of  the 
physical  world)  in  the  national 
duct   of  the  l>iii  heir 

complex  system  ofmonan  .v  .  ari- 
stocracj  ,  and  democracj  .     i  >  sub- 
stitute a  government  >>f  Is 
caprice  of  personal  will,   i»   pro- 

G     : 


SYMPATHY. 


duced  entirely  by  the  quality  of| 
sympathy  in  tin'  individual  cha- 
racter, which,  exhibiting  and  feel- 
ing the  personal  interest  in  close  re- 
lation with  that  of  the  community, 
enables  them,  with  thoughtful  and 
serious  deliberation,  to  adjust  the 
equilibrium  in  the  contentions  of 
(he  threeestates,  to  prevent  any  dan- 
gerous preponderance  that  might 
destroy  the  system,  -which  must 
inevitably  happen  if  riot  upheld  by 
the  singular j  thoughtful,  moral,  and 
sympathetic  temperament  of  the 
people. 

Their  foreign  Avars  have  been  nil 
conducted  with  the  quality  of  sym- 
pathy, and  the  balance  of  power 
among  the  continental  nations  of 
Europe  was  regarded,  in  a  national 
view,  as  necessary  to  political  self- 
interest,  as  the  relations  which  con- 
nect the  individual  with  the  com- 
munity of  a  whole  people  ;  while 
all  other  nations  have  been  over- 
whelmed in  the  present  revolution- 
ary war,  one  after  the  other,  in  the 
full  evidence  of  experience,  be- 
cause the  quality  of  sympathy  was 
totally  unknown  both  to  nations 
and  individuals. 

The  most  consummate  instance  of 
British  sympathy  is  displayed  in 
their  laws  in  favour  of  their  poor, 
which  carries  civilization  to  its  cli- 
max of  protection.  They  do  not, 
however,  stop  here  ;  but  following 
the  developement  of  sympathy  in 
Pope's  beautiful  allegory  of  the 
Lake  of  Self-love,  their  laws  ex- 
tend perfection  to  their  brute  fel- 
lowrbeings ;  and  in  this  single  act 
of  universal  benevolence,  they  have 
surpassed  all  nations,  and  may  well 
be  called  the  chosen  people  of  na- 
ture. 

Great  and  transcendent  people, 


nature  has  placed  you  on  an  island, 
to  guard  both  your  persons  and 
moral  temperament  from  the  dan- 
gerous intercourse  of  envious  and 
barbarous  nations  ;  to  make  you  the 
protectors  of  the  world,  by  securing 
the  organization  of  social  life  amidst 
the  deluge  of  revolutionary  barba- 
rism, as  the  ark  of  Noah  protected 
animal  life. 

To  effect  this  momentous  object, 
and  to  co-operate  with  the  univer- 
sal energies  of  nature,  to  augment 
system  and  diminish  contingency, 
nothing  is  wanting  but  the  improve- 
ment of  the  human  understand- 
ing, by  advancing  knowledge  into 
thought,  and  science  into  sense. 

1  will  explain  this  important 
statement  by  the  citation  of  a  work 
written  by  an  author  of  great  talent 
and  great  information,  aided  by  the. 
experience  of  travels,  and  criticised 
by  the  Edinburgh  Review,  a  peri- 
odical work,  which  unites  a  great 
deal  of  thought  with  a  great  deal 
of  knowledge,  far  beyond  any  work 
that  has  hitherto  appeared  in  the 
whole  domain  of  science  ;  and  yet 
both  these  works  have  shewn  a  com- 
plete and  total  ignorance,  as  well 
as  violation  of  sense,  which  is  a 
strong  argument  (hat  the  essential 
quality  of  intellect  docs  not  yet  ex- 
ist among  any  people. 

The  Edinburgh  JZexiew,  on  Mr. 
Leekic's  faithful  picture  of  the  go- 
vernment of  Sicily,  concludes  with 
an  observation,  violating  the  laws 
of  sense.  It  says,  that  in  censur- 
ing the  deplorable  despotism  of  that 
country,  other  countries  (meaning, 
no  doubt,  Great  Britain  among  the 
rest)  differ  nothing  in  quality,  but 
only  in  the  degree. 

The    two  distinct  characters   of 
sense  and  science   are   formed  by 


IVMPATIIV. 


disiiiM  lion  and  definition  i   •<  ience    ml  ,  which 

demandi  definite  quality  and  defl-    culatc   thaftmodifu  ition  «>i  |j 


nite  quantit y ;  sense  calculates  only 
distinguishable  quality  and  probt 
ble  degrees  <>f  quantity  :  and  sm  li 
is  the  moral  evidence  <>t  sense,  dis- 
tinguished from  ili«"  positive  *lc- 
monstration  of  Bcience  :  I  novt 1 
truth,  of  more  consequence  to  lm- 
man  interest  than  all  the  boasted 
discoi  cries  hi  science. 

In  this  instance,  the  reviewers. 
tike  all  oilier  authors,  hat  ing  their 
judgment  under  the  influence  of 
science  in  its  gross  and  fixed  rela- 
tions, are  incapacitated  to  estimate 
the  doubtful  characters  of  things, 
and  their  probable  conclusions  of 
more   and    less,    which  constitutes 

the  moral  science,   and  which 

can  alone  lake  cognizance  of:  and 

though  (here  may    be    some   shades 

of  despotism  in  the  constitution  of 
Uriiish  liberty,  yet  the  deg rees  ol 
difference  with  that  of  Sicily,  arc 
so  enormous,  thai  the  most  cun- 
ning logician  that  ever  emerged 
from  the  science  of  the  schools, 
could  not  impose  the  sopli ism  used 
by  the  reviewers  on  the  word  only, 
on  ■  mind  possessed  of  any  share  of 
sense,  or  essential  intellect,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  technical  in- 
tellect  of  science. 

The  reviewers  furnish  a  much 
stronger  instance  of  the  total  ab- 
sence  of  si  nse  in  the  following  ob- 
servation :  they  say  there  are  many 


and  restraint  which  ml 

to  w  ill,  and  .  with  the 

s.(  111 1 1  v  "i   propei  i    . 

medium  of  so<  ial  ortl 

tinguish,  as  much  as  po     bio,  (ho 
character    of   the    tl>  !   its 

doubtful  and    rariabl 
quantity  and  dirl 

\<ry. 

These  solemn  ju 
habituated   to  gross   and 
terms  of  quality  and  quantit  j . 
totally    incapacitated    to    esti 
those  doubtful  and  laborious  ave- 
calculationi  of  the  maximum 
and  minimum  in  nun  d  qualities  and 
quantities,  or  degi  a  I  modi- 

fied by  their  contraries  ;  as,  how 
much   liberty  and   how    mm  h  re- 
straint will  procure  civil  n 
how  much  peace  and  how  much  wai 

will  procure  national  security  ;  how 
much  practical  and  how  much  im- 
provable good  will  form  the  predi- 
cament of  happiness  in  time  pn  sent, 
its  developement  in  futurity,  I 
the  high  characteristic  ofhuman  na- 
ture, perfectability,  w  hi.  h  distin- 
guishes man  from  the  brute 

These  reviewers  or  consummate 
doctors  of  science,  the  m<>st 

evident    defect    ol   si  ase    in   I 
metaphysical  studies.      They 
and  have  often  Baid,   they  ha\ 
distinct   idea   of  matter:    :;..-   is   a 


luxurious  men  who  would  be  dis-    downright  solecism  in  sera 

posed  to  tolerate  a  gentle  servitude,     function  is  to  give  b  distinct,  but 


in  order  to  preserve  their  property.  , 

These  men  oi'  high  and  j 
tensions  to  scientific  criticism,  in 
this  observation  shew  a  total  detect 
of  sense  :  for  they  imply  a  censure 
in  gentle  servitude,  when  ir  is  the 
veal  desideratum  of  sense  in  the  mo- 


no! a  di  finite  idea  of  things,  an  I 
tween  matter   and  it- 
power-.    We  h  ive  as  mud 

is   is  iic ■■.  ssary  for  human  in- 
telligence   to    know,    and    conduct 
things  to  iheir  uses  through  s 
bej  ond  w  hich  km%  i 


SYMPATHY. 


is  of  no  avail,  and  becomes  mere 
lunar  light  of  science,  according  to 
Young,  shining  without  heat,  when 
compared  with  the  fructifying  heat 
or  fire  of  solar  sense. 

There  is  another  individual  whose 
weekly  speculations,  conducted 
with  uncommon  powers  of  techni- 
cal intellect,  are,  however,  totally 
devoid  of  essential  intellect,  or 
sense.  Tie  tells  us  the  constitution 
of  England  is  not  worth  preserving 
while  it  is  accompanied  with  any 
evils  of  pensions,  taxes,  despotism, 
or  corruption  ;  and  that  the  suc- 
cesses of  an  enemy,  whose  object  is 
the  destruction  of  this  country,  and 
extirpation  of  its  inhabitants,  is  not 
worthy  of  the  attention  of  the  peo- 
ple till  they  have  removed  these 
evils.  He  might  as  well  say  to  a 
man  whose  house  is  infested  with 
rats  within,  and  house-breakers 
without,  "  Never  mind  the  assas- 
sins, send  for  the  rat-catcher ;  ne- 
ver mind  your  life,  or  property, 
but  saveyour  cheese!"  Reason,  un- 
der the  guidance  of  sense,  is  no- 
thing but  the  comparison  of  things, 
and  their  relations  in  their  distin- 
guishable qualities,  and  degrees  of 
quality  in  moral  evidence,  not  sci- 
entific definition  and  demonstration; 
und  the  examples  I  have  cited  of  the 
dangerous  and  imbecile  errors  of 
the  strongest  powers  of  technical 
intellects,  produced  by  knowledge 
and  sagacity,  prove  that  the  high 
quality  of  essential  intellect,  or 
sense,  is  totally  unpractised  and  un- 
known among  mankind. 

i  will  attempt  a  description  or 
character  [not  definition]  of  the 
quality  of  sense,  or  essential  intel- 
lect, distinguished  from  the  techni- 
cal intellect  of  science. 

Sense   is  that  exquisite  tact   or 


discernment  produced  by  the  ener- 
gies of  imagination  to  multiply 
ideas  into  the  complete  evidence  of 
a  subject,  judgment  to  discriminate, 
and  reason  to  compare  the  differ- 
ences:  and  its  function  is  moral  evi- 
dence, or  science  ;  to  mark  the  dis- 
tinction of  ideas  and  the  relations 
of  qualities,  and  to  calculate  the 
more  and  less  of  probability  in  their 
quantities  of  cause  and  effect ;  as 
what  quantity  or  quality  of  stature 
or  virtues  makes  a  tall  man,  or  a 
good  man  ;  what  degrees  of  proba- 
bility make  peace  preferable  to  war 
in  any  given  predicament ;  what 
constitutes  a  good  government  ; 
and  what  reasoning  of  relative  and 
comparative  circumstances  forms 
the  index  of  the  golden  rules  of 
Epicurus,  to  suiter  or  enjoy  present 
good  or  evil,  to  avoid  or  procure  a 
greater  in  futurity. 

The  discovery  of  this  high  qua- 
lity of  sense,  as  distinguished  from 
science,  is  the  great  desideratum  of 
all  human  energy,  and  if  united  to 
British  sympathy,  would  save  the 
country,  and  the  whole  civilized 
world,  from  the  menacing  empire 
of  military  barbarism  ;  and  what 
is  of  still  more  importance,  reduce 
the  contingencies  of  the  moral 
world  into  system,  by  giving  per- 
manence to  practical  good,  and  ac- 
commodating it  to  the  slow,  safe, 
and  sure  progress  of  human  perfec- 
tability,  the  vis  xilos  of  the  moral 
world. 

Homo. 

N.  B.  I  recommend  to  every  man 
1  who  may  have  sense  enough  to  un- 
i  derstand  this  essay,  to  give  it  as 
much  publicity  and  circulation  as 
their  property  will  enable  them,  and 
their  important  interest  must  excite 
them  to  cifect. 


Rl 


on  G  \s  LIGHT, 

Or  on  (In  application  of  ili<  Gat  front  Co  »/   to  economical  part 
when  compared  with  thi  Liout  afforded  by  Lampior  Cut. 

i  en  1 1  or. 


1 1  we  distribute  the  catalogue  of  ' 
human  wants  in  the  order  of  the  ne- 
cessity of  each}  food  will  occupj 
the  first  place,  and  nexl  to  this,  the 
articles  of  fuel  and  clothing  ii 
diately  present  themseh  < s.  The  to- 
tal want  of  any  of  th<  >.-,  necessa- 
rily implies  extreme  distress  ;  and  it 
mkIi  i  privation  be  applied,  even  in 
fancy,  to  men  united  into  ch  il  socie- 
ty, everj    notion   of  comfort   and 
civilisation  at  once  disappears  be- 
fore us. 

Inferior  onlj  to  these  in  its  ur- 
gency, is  the  necessity  of  artificial 
light  during  the  absence  of  the  sun. 

To  procure  light  for  the  ordinary 
purposes  of  life,  we  are  acquainted 


■mi.   have   in- 
troduced the  judicious  application 
laceous  or  oil)   n  »l   the 

ible  or  animal  kingdom,  t<» 
pitM  nre  light  in  a  more  <  legant  man* 
ner.  The  former  are  usually  burnt 
in  lamps,  the  latter  <  onstitnte  t In* 

most  essential  part  of  candles.  W  illi- 

out  attempting  t<>  trace  the  history 
of  the  invention  of  the  instruments 

of  illumination,   (ailed    caudles    or 

lamps,  it  is  certain,  that  movable 

lights  were    first    introduced    in  the 

churches,  and  among  the  persecut- 
ed Christians,  in  the  year  lJ7  1  ;   and 

what  is  remarkable;  they  were  soon 
afterwards  forbidden,  as  dangerous. 
With  regard  to  the  lantern^  King 


with    no  other     ready    means    than     Alfred  is  said  to  he   the  inventor  of 


the  process  of  combustion*  We 
might  indeed  exist  without  light, 
but  how  targe  a  portion  of  our  lives 

Would  in  thai  case  be  condemned  to 
■  state1  of  existence  little  superior 
in  efficacy  to  that  of  the  animals 
around  us.  Common  lire's  form 
the  most  rude  means  of  illumination 
that  have  been  applied;  ami  these 
actually  are  used  in  some  places 
for  this  purpose,  in  the  apartments 
of  dwellings,  and  in  some  light- 
houses. Small  pieces  o(  resinous 
wood,  and  the  bituminous  f<>~si'. 
Balled  cannel  coal,  are  now  still 
used  in  some  countries,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  illumination. 

The  numerous  wants  which  a  ei- 


this  instrument.  The  mode  of ear- 
rying  light  from  place  to  place  by 
means  of  this  apparatus,  oc4  tskmed 
great  murmurs  in  the  year  890,  and 
was  deemed  dangerous  and  extrava- 
gant. With  respect  to  tallow  can 
they  were  known  in  the  year  l-,('>  : 
at  least,  at  that  time  they  were  con- 
sidered as  a  great  luxury;  bee 
splinters  of  resinous  wood,  or  fl 

f  tar,  pitch,  and  oil.  were 
ased  in  common  life,  and  lam; 
lv  adorned  the  palaces  of  the  prince. 
A  •  -  ..  mode  of  pro.  uring  light 
from  (he  applic  it 
fluid,  obtained  during  the  distilla- 
tion of  pit  is  lately  much  en- 

a   ot   the  public. 
The  daily  prints,  every  body  ki. 


vilized  state  oi'  existence 

sarily  created  among  men,  aud  which  i  have   present. 

has  given  exercise  to  the  powers  of  '  blish  a  company  for  the  ;ntrod':. 


230 


ON   GAS   Main 


of  a    process  to  obtain  light  from 
coal  at  a  cheap  rate,  so  as  to  secure 
;ni  enormous  profit  to  the  subscri- 
bers from  a  trifling  deposit.     The 
plan  of  this  establishment  professes 
to  increase  the  wealth  of  the  nation 
by  adding  to  the  number  of  its  in- 
ternal resources.     The  views  that  j 
are  held  out  as  objects  of  gain,  con- 
nected  with  the  application  of  light 
from   coal  gas,  by  this  establish- 
ment,   are    so  much   beyond    the  i 
usual  terms  of  speculations  which  j 
men  are  accustomed  to  calculate  in 
the  ordinary  way  of  commerce,  that 
the  proposals   naturally   challenge 
the  consideration  of  the  most  tran- 
quil enquiries"'.     To  this  may  be 
added,  that  the  late  extended  and 
successful    application  of  the    gas 
from  coal   on  a  large  scale,  sufiici- 
cntly  enables  us  to  enquire  into  the 
merits  of  (his  discovery,  and  which 
could  not  be  done  until  lately,  for 
want   of  experience   and  observa- 
tion.    The  experiments  that  have 
been    made   on  this   subject,    and 
have  been  laid  before  the  public 
within  these  six  months,  by  men  of 
eminence   in  the  field  of  chemical 
science,  are  more  than  suflicienl  to 
enable  us  to  calculate  the  quantity 
of  coal  that  is  necessary  for  the  pro- 
duction of  a  given  quantity  of  light, 
when  compared  with  the  light  of 
lamps   or  candles,    as   well  as  the 
necessary   and  most   probable   cx- 
pences  that  must  attend  the  applica- 
tion of  this  mode  of  procuring  light 
for  the  illumination  of  public  build- 
ings, and  other  establishments  where 
a  great  number  of  candles  or  lamps 
are  required. 

In  considering  the  nature  of  the 

*  A  deposit  of  51.  is  stated  to  secure 
to  the  subscriber  5701.  per  annum  !!! 


so-called  gas  light  (of  which  a  dis- 
play has  been  made  for  some  time, 
and   still  is  publicly    exhibited  in 
Pall-Mail),  it  is  not  my  intention  to 
enquire  into  the  legal  rights  of  pri- 
ority as  connected  with  the  disco- 
very of  this  mode  of  obtaining  arti- 
ficial light,  however  much  the  sub- 
ject may  be  connected  with  the  in- 
terest of  others.     As  a  mere  looker- 
on,  or  as  an  amateur  of  the  useful 
arts,  and  cultivator  of  the  physical 
sciences,  I  shall  endeavour  to  sketch 
the  nature  of  the  discovery  of  the 
gas  light,   as  it  appears  before  me  ; 
together  with  other  facts  relating  to 
this  mode  of   obtaining    light  for 
economical  purposes.  It  is  on  these 
grounds  that  1   flatter    myself  the 
subject  is  entitled  to  a  candid  ex- 
amination, and  that  it  may  claim  a 
corner   in  the   Repository,   which 
professes  to  be  open  to  whatever  is 
interesting  and  useful  in  the  arts  and 
manufactures,  and  in   the  common 
atfairs  of  life  :  for  the  time  appears 
to  be  near  at  hand  when   discove- 
ries, whatever  their  nature  may  be, 
will  fairly  claim  the  protection  of 
the  philosopher,  as  well  as  the  en- 
couragement and  candid  examina- 
tion of  a  great  and  enlightened  com- 
mercial nation. 

The  process  of  procuring  light 
from  coal  gas,  it  must  be  confessed, 
isyet  in  its  infancy,  and  indeed  it  has 
until  lately  been  applied  only  as  a 
subject  of  philosophical  amusement. 
It  isdiilicult  to  believe  that  things  can 
exist  separately,  which  we  have  al- 
ways been  accustomed  to  find  unit- 
ed. Coal  fires  are  as  well  known 
to  us  by  the  light,  as  by  the  heat 
which  they  afford ;  and  few  people 
j  not  within  the  walk  of  science,  are 
prepared  to  conceive,  that  these  two 
;  agents,  which  exist  in  the  same  ma- 


ON    (.AS    Lion  I 


I 


4rri.il,  may  possibly  be  separated 
ami  exhibited  in  a  distinct  state.  It 
is  chic/ly  ii|)(in  the  arrangment  for 
doing  tliis.  with  convenience  ami 
cheapness,  that  the  defenders  of  gat 
tight  found  their  speculative  <  hums. 
They  fell  us  that  the  uascons  pro- 
duel  capable  »>f  giving  both  heat 
and  light,  which  is  developed  dur- 
ing the  combustion  of  cool,  as  ii 
usually  takes  place,  is  now  turned 
to  very  little  advantage  ;  that  it  is 
not  only  confined  to  one  place,  as  is 
the  ease  in  oar  grate,  where  a  glow- 
ing heat  is  more  wanted  than  a  bril- 
liant flame,  but  that  it  is  also  ob- 
scured, and  generally  almost  entirely 
rendered  useless  by  a  quanlitv  of 
aqueous  vapou  and  carbonaceous 
matter,  which  ascend  along  with  it, 
and  pollute  the  atmosphere.  That 
much  inflammable  matter  is  thus 
lost,  is  evident  from  tacts  that  dai- 
ly take  place  before  us.  We  often 
see  a  flame  suddenly  burst  forth 
ftom  the  densest  smoke,  and  as  sud- 
denly disappear;  audita  lighted 
body  be  applied  to  the  little  jets 
that  issue  from  the  melted  bitumi- 
nous matter  of  coal,  it  will  catch 
lire  and  burn  with  a  bright  flame: 
and  when  it  is  considered  how  many 
establishments  have  already  been 
formed  lor  public  ami  private  be- 
nefit, which,  on  their  lirst  outset, 
seemed  extremely  difficult  and  ob- 
jectionable, there  is  reason  tosup- 
pose,  that  this  new  mode  of  pro- 
curing light,  whatever  its  merits 
may  be,  will  likewise  meet  with 
many  objections.  The  slowncsj  with 
which  improvements  of  every  kind, 
make  their  waj  into  common  use, 
and  especially  such  discoveries  as 
are  most  calculated  to  be  of  an  ex- 
tended or  general  utility,  is  very 
Vo.  //      Vol.  I. 


remarkable,    and    Col 

contrast  to  the  extreme  avidity  with 

w  Inch  those  unme  initi 

adopted,  \\  hit  Ii  foil  \  and  i  aprii 

continually     en  ling  forth  into  tie 

world  i  inde  i  the  auspices  ot  fashion* 

On  the  flrst  \  ien   ol  (In 
it  appears  \ ei  \  ex  I     rod  ■    ry<  that 

any  prison  should  neglt  I  ■  or  refute 
to  a\  all  hiinsi  It  of  a  propot  ed  in- 
vention, ot  Improvement,  which  is 
c\  idently  <  alculated  to  facilitate  his 
lal>oiir,  or  to  i m  i.  ise  hia  i  om  forts 
and  his  luxuries;  but  when  w<-  I-- 
flect  on  tin-  power  of  habit,  •nu\ 
consider  how  difficult  it  is  for  a  per- 
son even  to  perceive  the  imperfec- 
tion of  former  mode,  to  which 
In-  has  been  accustomed  from  his 
early  youth,  our  surprise  will  be 
very  much  diminished,  or  perhaps 
vanish  altogether!  Before  the  in- 
troduction of  pins  into  common  use, 

ladies  fastened  their  garments  with 
strings  and  skewers;  and  when  this 
small  instrument  was  first  brought 
over  from  Germany,  and  recom- 
mended to  their  consideration,  in  the 
year  156G,  the  whole  sex  consider- 
ed them  as  highly  dangerous,   i  <  - 

cause  many  pricked  and  scratched 
their  iin<rers  in  attempting  to  OSC 
them  at  their  toilet . 

When  engines  to  raise  wafer  from 
wells  were  first  invented,  the  car- 
riers of  this  fluid,  with  their  friends 
and  protectors,  exclaimed  loudly 
against  the  innovation  of  raising 
water  by  machinery.  And  when 
the  first  newspaper  ( The  Public 
Inteiligenci  r)  made  its  app  aranc  •. 
in  the  year  lot) J,  the  critics  of  the 
day  ridiculed  ii.  as  totally  Useless, 
and  as  an  idle  vehicle  ot"  nonsense 
and  slander. 

(  To  be  covtini'cd.) 
II  h 


-Ov 


2.W 


HISTORICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  CRIMEA 

(  W  I  Til     A     MAI'.) 

7'0  THE  EDITOR  OF  Till.  REPOSITORY, 


Sin, 

THE    proposal,     in    your    last 

number,  respecting  the  settlement 
of  (he  Spaniard!  in  the  Crimea,  in 
the event  of  their  emigrating  from 
their  native  country,  naturally  ex- 
cites  the  curiosity  of  your  readers, 
and  renders  them  desirous  of  a  more 
minute  description  of  thai  country, 
than  the  n riser  of  u  was  able  to 
give  in  his  very  interesting  paper. 
Al  I  have  passed  .some  lime  in  the 
Crimea,  and  traversed  the  whole  of 

if,  I  can  vouch  tor  the  authenticity 
of  the  following  particulars,  which, 

if  you  think  them  worthy  insertion 
in  your  valuable  Repository,  are  at 

your  service.  The  Taurida,  or 
Crimea,  lies  between  41.  17.  and 
46.  north  latitude,  according  to 
the  best  Russian  maps  made  since 
the  peninsula  became  a  part  of  that 
empire,  ami  is  about  100  English 
miles  long,  from  Precop,  in  a  right 
line  south,  to  l'orus,  on  the  Eux- 
ine  Sea  ;  and  800  miles  broad,  from 
Dendaia,  on  the  Black  Sea,  on  the 
•west,  to  Tenikal,  a  city  on  the 
Cimmerian  Bosphorus,  or  straits 
which  divide  the  Crimea  from  the 
island  of  Taman.  The  river  Salgir 
di\ides  the  peninsula  into  nearly 
two  equal  parts,  and  .separates  the 
Salene  dressy  plain  on  the  north, 
from  the  line  mountainous  country 
to  the  south  ;    which,   tor  upwards 

of  2,000  years,  was  the  abode  of 
polished  commercial  people,  who, 
till  the  Turks  shut  up  tin-  Thrncian 
Bosphorus,  tilled  its  ports  with  the 
ships  and  merchandize  of  ull  na- 
tions.   It  is  a  fact  no  less  surprising 


than    trija,    that    these    two   disfn,  r 

thus  separated  by  tin-  river  Salgir, 

arc  as  diflerent  in  climate,  soil,  and 

productions,   as  any  two  countrici 

the   most  widely   distant   from    < 
other.      A   Bold    bleak    winter    lie 

quently  prevails  in  this  place,  w  here, 

without  a  tree  or  hillock  to  break 
its    force,    the    N.   E.    wind    sweeps 

with   Irresistible  violence;    whil  t, 

at  the  same  time,  the  weather  on 
the  south  side  is  mild  and  agreeable, 
and  the  vallies  are  covered  with 
(lowers. 

The  northern  part,  from  {he  Sal- 
gir up  to  I'rccop.  is  a  level  uni- 
form plain,  without  a  tree  or  hil- 
lock, and  appears  formerly  to  have 
been  covered  with  the  sea,  which, 
on  retiring,  left  its  hollows  full  of 
salt  water,  now  turned  into  salt 
lakes,  and  which  at  this  time  are 
its  principal  riches  ;  and  it  is  by 
no  means  improbable  that  they  still 
communicate  with  the  sea.  Inde- 
pendent of  the  quantity  of  salt  con- 
tained in  these  lakes,  the  sea  ii  is 
left  so  strong  an  impregnation  of  it 
in  all  the  plain,  that  nothing  but 
plants  which  delight  in  salt  will 
>;row  in  it  :  these  afford  most  ex- 
cellent pasturage  for  horses,  sheep, 
dromedaries,  and  camels.  In  some 
parts,  however,  of  (his  plain,  the 
rains  and  Hoods  have  in  a  irreat  man- 
ner washed  out  the  salt  ;  anil,  if  I 
may  be  allowed  the  expression,  have 
formed  islands  capable  of  cultiva- 
tion :  and  which,  when  the  Tan- 
rida  was  peopled,  gieu  OOfU  and 
other   jrrain  ;    and   indeed,  in  such 


abundance, 
II  li  9 


that,   till  the  wars  be- 


234 


HISTORICAL    ACCOUNT    OF    THE    CRIMEA. 


twecn  the  Turks  and  Russians  do-  '|  themselves  of  the  remainder  of  the 
strayed  its  inhabitants}  it  was  the  ]]  peninsula,  the  complete  possession 

of  which  they  retained  for  many 
ages,  rendering  themselves  famous 
for  their  commerce  and  riches. — 
When  the  other  colonies,  founded 
by  the  Greeks  on  the  Euxine, 
changed  their  masters,  the  Taurida 


granary  of  the  empire.  This  part 
of  the  Crimea  is  as  sultry  in  sum- 
mer as  it  is  bleak  and  cold  in  win- 
ter, occasioned  probably  by  the 
same  cause,  being  so  totally  des- 
titute of  shelter. 

The  souther  ;>art  begins  gra- 
dually to  rise  li  the  Salgir,  into 
a  ridge  of  calcareous  mountains, 
forming  a  broad  screen  for  the  Cri- 
mea, and  running  easterly  10  the 
Cimmerian  Bosphorus.  Between 
these  and  a  high  ridge  of  slaty 
mountains  that  border  the  south- 
ern shore,  lie  some  of  the  most 
beautiful  and  temperate  v allies  to 
be  found  in  any  country  :  and  be- 
yond them,  that  is,  between  the 
slaty  mou  itains  <nd  the  shore,  lie 
another  range  of  rallies  still  wanner, 
enjoj  the  climate  and  fruits  oi 
Asia  Minor. 

Thes  singular  varieties  of  cli- 
mate and  soil  in  so  short  a  distance, 
may  serve  to  teach  geographers, 
who  judge  of  climate  in  their  stu- 
dies merely  from  latitude  and  lon- 
gitude, that  nature  is  sometimes 
acted  upon  by  local  causes. 

In  describing  a  country  so  cele- 
brated in  antiquity,  it  will  perhaps 
be  agreeable  to  your  readers  if  1 
give  a  short  sketch  of  its  former 
possessors,  before  I  say  any  thing 
of  its  present  situation. 

The  first  mention  we  have  of  the 
Taurida  in  ancient  writers,  is  the 
expedition  of,  Orestes,  who,  at  the 
head  of  a  colony  from  the  Greek 
settlement  ofHeraclea,  in  Bythinia, 
first  founded  the  city  of  Cherson. 
These  people  then  extended  them- 
selves along  the  Tauric  coast,  build- 
ing the  cities  of  Theodosia  and  Pan- 
ticapoes,   and  gradually  possessed 


dso   followed   their   fortunes,   and 
submit  led,     124   years    before    the 
Christian  era,  to  Mithridates,  king 
ofPontus;  who,  with  the  rapidity 
of  an    Alexander,    not   only    con- 
quered all  Asia  Minor,   but  drove 
the  Romans  out  of  Greece,  Mace- 
Ion,  Thrace,  &c.  ;  and  having  ta- 
ken prisoners  two  of  tieir  generals, 
Quintus  Appius  and  Maurices  Aqui- 
lius,  punished  the  latter  for  the  ex- 
tortions  and  rapine    he  had  com- 
mitted upon  his  subjects,  by  order- 
ing melted  gold  to  be  poured  down 
his  throat  ;    thus  endeavouring  to 
satiate  him  with  his  favourite  metal. 
Upon  the  death  of  Mithridates,  the 
Romans  reduced  all  his  extensive 
dominions,  and  governed  them,  as 
provinces,  either  by  praetors  or  tri- 
butary princes  ;  among  which  num- 
ber was  the  traitor  Pharnaces  (who 
betrayed  his  father,    Mithridates), 
who  was  left  for  a  time  in  the  go- 
vernment of  the  Taurida,  till,  in 
an  unsuccessful  attempt  to  recover 
the  remainder  of  his  father's  domi- 
nions, he  met  the  just  punishment 
of  his  unnatural  crime  in  the  well- 
known   battle  when  Julius    Caesar 
related  his  victory  to  the  senate  in 
the  celebrated  line,  Veni,  xidi,  xici  ; 
I  came,  saw,  and  conquered.    The 
possession  of  the  Taurida  remained 
with  the  Romans  till  the  decline  of 
that  empire,  when  the  emperor  of 
Constantinople  called  to  his  aid  the 
Venetians,  who,  with  their  nume- 
rous ships,    soon  rode  triumphant 


ii  i-  ion  k  \  r.  or    mi    (  i:  i  \n  \ 


both  in   tin-    BU<  b   Vi  i   and     Set  ■  '! 

y\ /of]'.  The  latter  began,  without 
Ion  of  time,  to  form  settlements  on 
their  shores,  and  •  "  < ioi  lin   Ij    took 

possession  of  Theodosi  i,  &C  ;    till  a 

M-,  ond  .<• .  olution  thn  s  the  com- 
merce  ami  c  ilonies  "t  the  Euj  ine 
into  the  pon  r  ol  theii  rivds,  the 
Genoese,  who  restored  tin-  Greek 
dynasty  to  the  throne  or  < lonstan- 
tinople,  and,  in  <  onsequence,  be- 
come the  favoured  nation.  This 
possession,  however,  was  not  easily 
yielded  by  tin-  Venetians,  who 
fought  s<-\  ri'l  buttles  for  die  em- 
pire of  the  laixine  :  but  ( rcnoa,  ft  • 
toured  by  die  grateful  Michael 
Palaeologus,  remained  triumphant, 
and  Rounded  a  kind  of  empire  in  the 
Taurida,  choosing  die  ancient  city 
ofTheodosiu  tor  is  capital,  uivim;- 
it  the  name  ol'  ('alia,  in  imitation 
of  the  Roman  name  of  Cafura.  I  n- 
der  its  new  name  it  soon  became  a 
more  lourishing  citj  thin  it  had 
ever  been  under  either  the  Greeks 

or  Romans.  The  possession  of  the 
Crimea  remained  with  the  d'enoese 
till  the  year  I  17."),  when  it  was  con- 
quered by  Mahomet  II.  Sultan  of 
the  Turks,  who  transported  all  the 
Genoese  to  Constantinople,  giving 
them  one  of  the  suburbs  to  inhabit. 
Since  that  time,  it  remained  with 
(lie  'Turks,  till  conquered  by  the 
Russians}  who  now  possess  it. 

In   giving  a  description  of  the 
present  state  of  the  Crimea,  [shall 

begin  w/itll  its  ancient  capital,  The- 
odosia,  or  ( 'atfa,  which  is  beauti- 
fully Situated  on  the  brow  of  a  hill, 

forming  a  semicircle  round  the  port. 

and  was  formerly  sin  rounded  by  a 
wall,  fortified  by  turrets,  whose 
ruins  shew  its  former  strength  to 
have  been  great.  The  principal 
entrance  into  the  city  was  from  the 


harbour,    sot  nred   by  thi< 

lowers,   one  within   the   Other.      ( bi 

the    top  of   tin-    lull     i  .    ,i     \  ,  r  v    I 

on  lo  '•<!  ipai  <•,   filled  u  uli  m.i 
in  ent  mm-  :  in  the  w  ill   of  u hi<  h, 
jref   standing,     are   inserted   m 

pieces    of    marble,      with     I.        n-re- 

li  \  ns,   hi\  [ng    I  ,:itm   ins<  ripti 
though    much    mutilate  d    by    the 

'I'm  ks.  w  ho  have  used  iln:r  u( 
endeavours    to    de>tri>\     tin  in,     ;md 

also  to  metamorphose  the  prin< 
church,    situated  in  the  center  of 

the  city,  into  a  mosque,  but  without 
BUCCesS  I  its  w  indows  and  other 
parts  still  shew  that  it  was  01 
n.ill\  dedicated  to  Christian  wor- 
ship. Another  object  woithy  of 
attention  is,  the  remains  of  a  large 
old  fort  on  t!ie  sea-shore,  probably 
the  work  of  the  (ienoese,  now  com- 
pletely in  ruins  :  those  parts  of  the 
walls,  however,  which  are  still 
standing,  arc  covered  with  Latin 
inscriptions  ;  though  so  greatly  de- 
faced, that  they  would  require  th^ 
attentive  inspection  of  an  antiquary 
to  read  them. 

Jt   would  not  be    tight    to  omit 
mentioning    what  appears  to    have 
once  been  one  of  the  most  ma<_rni- 
iicent  buildings  of  the  ancient  cit  v  ; 
and,  from  its  remnins,  was  proba- 
bly a  Roman  bason.  The  inside,  the 
seals,  the  b;isii)s,  fee.    are   entirely 
of  marble  :   great   destruction  has, 
however,  been  made  amongst  them, 
by   their   being   caiied    ofl    by  the 
present    inhabitants,    to   burn    into 
lime,  though  the  mountains   in  the 
peninsula  are  principally  COTOp 
of   limestone  ;     and    no  doubt    this 
mode  of  destruction  has  amnio 
many    valuable    monuments 
former   possessors.       The     pr 
state   of  Cad  holds  out  little  in- 
induccment  to  a  stranger  ;  its  houses 


236 


nmourcAi,  AfcocxT  ot    the  cjumea. 


arc  poor  and  mean,  and  its  inha- 
bitants a  composition  of  all  the  dif- 
ferent nations — I  had  almost  said,  of 
the  earth,  but  most  certainly  of  the 

majority.  Like  all  cities  of  warm 
climates,  it  has  nothing  to  boast 
of  in  point  of  cleanliness  or  conve- 
nience :  it  is,  however,  a  rising 
city,  and  is  so  -well  situated  for 
commerce,  that  it  must  flourish 
under  any  government,  though  the 
present  holds  out  every  possible  in- 
ducement to  tempt  new  settlers,  and 
will,  1  ^oubt  not,  ultimately  suc- 
ceed in  restoring  the  Crimea  to  some 
part  of  its  ancient  importance. 

The  exports  from  Caffa  princi- 
pally consist  of  Tauric  lamb-skins, 
bine,  black,    and  spotted,    Russia 
and  Morocco  leather,    wax,    furs, 
horses,  staves,    &rc.  :    the  imports 
consist  principally  of  gold  and  sil- 
ver stuff,    velvet,    woollen   cloths, 
silk, damask, linen,  muslin,  worked 
and  block  copper,  all  kinds  of  dy- 
ing drugs,  particularly  indigo,  co- 
chineal,   alum,     Brazil,    and   log- 
wood ;  gum  lac,  rice,  coffee,  sugar, 
opium,  sulphur,    mastic,   sarsapa- 
rilla,  paper,  spices,  fir,  &c.  ;    in- 
deed almost  every  thing  that  other 
countries   manufacture.      I   doubt 
not  that  your  readers  will  be  a  lit- 
tle curious  to  know  more  respecting 
one  article  of  their  exports  which  I 
have  enumerated,  viz.  slaves:  these 
arc  the  far-famed  Circassian  beau- 
ties, that,  for  ages  past,  have  regu- 
larly been  brought  to  the  market  of 
Caffa,  and  from  which  the  seraglios 
of  the  Grand  Signiorand  his  viziers 
arc  supplied.     A  commerce  of  this 
nature  is  a  truly  singular  one  ;  but 
what    makes  it  more   particularly 
so  here  is,  that  these  beauties  are 
bought  and  sold  by  their  own  pa- 
rents, and  produce  from  j£100  to 


j£800  sterling  each,  according  to 
their  charms.  The  best  descrip- 
tion of  the  manner  in  which  this 
traffic  is  carried  on,  is  given  in  the 
words  of  a  gentleman,  who,  under 
the  pretence  of  wanting  to  make  a 
purchase  of  some  of  them,  applied 
to  the  merchants  who  had  them  for 
sale. 

M  TheTair  Circassians,  of  whom 
three  were  offered  for  sale,    were 
brought  from   their  own  chamber 
into  mine,    one  after  another,  by 
the  Armenian  merchant  who  had  to 
dispose    of  them.      The  first  was 
very  well  dressed,  and  had  her  face 
covered  with  a  veil  :  she  kissed  my 
hand,  by  order  of  her  master,  and 
then  walked  backward  and  forward 
in  the  room  to  shew  me  her  fine 
shape,  her  small  foot,  and  her  ele- 
gant carriage.     She  next  lifted  up 
her  veil,  and  absolutely  surprised 
me  by    her  extreme  beauty  :    her 
hair  was  fair,  with   fine  large  blue 
eyes  ;    her  nose    a   little   aquiline, 
with   fine  pouting  red   lips.      Her 
features  Avere  regular,  her  complex- 
ion fair  and  delicate,  and  her  checks 
covered  with  a  fine  natural  vermi- 
lion, of  which  she  took  care  to  con- 
vince me  by   rubbing  them  hard 
with  a  cloth  :  her  bosom  and  teeth, 
the  finest  in  the  world,  set  off  the 
other  charms  of  this  beautiful  slave, 
for  whom  the  Armenian  asked  j£S00. 
He  permitted  me  to  feel  her  pulse, 
to  convince  myself  that  she  was  in 
perfect  health.     She  was  then  or- 
dered away,    the  Armenian  assur- 
ing me  that  she  was  a  pure  virgin, 
eighteen  years  of  age.      The  two 
others  he  had  for  sale  were  older 
and  less   handsome  :    for  them   he 
asked  .£600  for  the  two,  and  ap- 
peared much  astonished  that  I  de- 
clined  to  purchase  fcucb  rare  and 


>!!•  I  oil  H   A  1.     A<r«>t\r     (\Y    Till'     'IlIMIA 


precioui   articles."— -The    imlifie- 

rciici'  wiih  which  the  inhabitanti 

of  ('alia  VlCW   this  traffic,    ma  \     W 

some  measure  be  accounted  for  from 
habit,  :iih1  also  (Ik*  knowledge  of 
(he  affluence  and  ease  in  which  Ibej 
arc  deatined  t<>  live  i<»r  the  rest  of 
their  Uvea,  in  ;•  atetc  by  ao  meani 
degrading  in  Mahometan  countries, 
where  their  prophet  hai  permitted 
the  seraglio.  As  ("or  the  objects  oi 
(his  traffic,  they  consider  themseh  ei 
fortunate  indeed,  to  have  escaped 
the  harems  of  the  proud  ami  barba- 


poor  and  miserable  in  the  extreme  -, 

hare  walls,  mo  furniture  ol  any  kind, 

if  we  except  ■  bent  h,  i  mat,  or  Tur- 
key carpet,  and  i  Pen  disht  at 
eommon  earthen  a  ire.  Even  the 
rich  put  up  wiih  very  miserable nc* 
couunodations,  and  live  \<-r\  much 
in  the  oriental  stj  !<•  i  ■  ome  fi  a  . 
however,  endeavour  to  follow  the 
European  modei ,  snd  all  mil 
evidently  abandoning  their  old  i  u>- 

toms,   and    adopting  lli"  -•   "t    their 

new  conquerors. 

The  environs  of  CafFa  possess  na- 


rous  lords  of  their  own  country,  to  !  fnral  beauties  and  romantic  scenes, 
become  the  companions  of  those    which,  to  an  Englishman,  power* 

who    prize  them   as  earthly  nouns,  fully  recal  his  native  country  to  his 

convinced    that   their  success    willi  recollection.      i*ou   here  find  rocks, 

the    houris    of     paradise    depends  ruins,  mountains,  cascades,  woods, 

upon  their  behaviour  to  the  sister"  (lumps,  rills,  rivers,  torrents,  llow- 

hood  on  earth;  w  ho.  in  case  oi  ill  [ering  shrubs,    slopes,  hills,  dales, 
usage,  will  heir  testimony  againsl    sea,  fruit  tree-,    (lowers,  the  i 
(hem.      In    this  trade,    therefore,    beautiful  verdure;  in  short,  every 
there  does  not  appear  to  be  much     beauty  and  ever)    arrangement  ol 
of    violence   towards   its   victims:     nature  on  a  grand  scale,  which  our 
perhaps  quite  the  contrary,  as  nei-  ;,  rich  individuals  have  endeavoured 
thcr  their  education  nor  their  reli-    to  imitate  in  their  pleasure»srrou 
gion  lias  taught  them  to  expect  an  ,  on  a  small  one.     The  fields  exhibit 
exemption  from   what  has  always    even    tint  of  the  carpets  of  Persia 
been  (lie  common  lot  of  their  sex    and  in  a  greater  variety  than  tluir 
in  their  native  country.  Indeed  this    looms  ever  produced,  whether  \\e 


kind  of  traffic  appears  to  ha\e  ex- 
tended formerly  over  the  whole 
earth,  our  own  country  not  except- 
ed :  for  so  late  as  in  the  year  I0J5, 
an  express  law  was  made  in  Eng- 
land to  prevent  parents  selling  their 
own  children,  with  which  thej  used 
to  furnish  the  French  market. 


consider  the  richness  of  the  ground, 
or  the  variety  of  fine  flowers  with 
which  i  lie  hand  of  nature  has  em* 
broidered  it.  Here  may  be  fo 
also,  growing  wild  in  tin 
the  wild  and  uncultivated  vine, 
running  up  the  highest  trees,  : 
bending  down  again,  laden  with  its 


In  (his  city,  every  thing  that  C  ID  ripe  and  delicious  fruit,  forming 

render  a  residence  delightful  to  a  most  enchanting  bowers;  to  wl 

Granger   is   combined  ;    that   is,  so  also  the   flowering   viorna,   or   tra- 

tar  as  depends  upon  the  climate  and  seller's  joy,  not  a  little  contribute.; 


the  productions  of  the  earth  :  but 
as  to  accommodation,  and  what  we 
English  call  "  comforts,"  they  are 


the  caper  tree  also  lends  iis  aid. 
With  these  arc  mixed  the  walnut 
tree,  aud  all  sorts   of  fruit  trees  : 


Utterly  unknown.     The  houses  are  \  the  piclarssia,    the  bladder  senna. 


<23$ 


BRITISH    SPOUTS. 


the  manna  free,  the  shumack,  the 
date,  the  plumb,  the  roek  rose,  ai  c! 
the  scorpion  senna,  which  blow, 
twice  a  year.  Tlie  oriental  straw- 
berry tree  renders  itself  conspicu- 
ous by  its  large  trunk,  red  bark,  and 
green  leaves,  springing  out  and  flou- 
rishing  on  the  most  barren  rocks. 
To  this  list  many  others  might 
with  ease  be  added.  The  woods 
give  the  spectator  more  the  idea  ot 
orchards  and  pleasure-grounds,  ra- 
ther more  neglected  indeed  than 
what  we  usually  call  by  that  name  : 
nor  can  I  but  be  persuaded,  that 
they  were  ori<rinallv  the  orchards 


of  the  ancient  inhabitants,  run  wild 
for   want  of  cultivation,    and  now 

;  flourishing  with  nil  the  vigour  of  un- 
restrained luxuriance.    Here,  where 

i  winter  is  scarcely  felt,  the  flowers 
blow  all  the  year  round,  and  con- 
tribute  to  render  this  peninsula  one 
of  the  most  delightful  spots  perhaps 
in  the  world.  I  shall  now  take  my 
leave  of  Caft'a,  and  proceed  along 
Mie  south-western  coast  towards  Se- 
vastopol, but  must  defer  giving  you 
a  description  of  this  part  of  the 
Crimea  till  my  next  letter. 

J.  H.  M„ 


Plate  18.— BRITISH  SPORTS. 

(Continued  from  page  157. ) 


The  race  of  dogs  known  by  the 
denomination  of  spaniels,  consists 
of  two  varieties,  one  of  which  is 
considerably  larger  than  the  other, 
and  is  called  the  springing  spaniel, 
as  being  applicable  to  every  kind  of 
game  in  any  country  :  the  smaller 
goes  by  the  name  of  the  cocker,  or 
cocking  spaniel,  and  is  more  adapt- 
ed to  covert  or  woodcock  shooting. 

The  true  English-bred  springing 
spaniel  differs  but  little  in  figure 
from  the  setter,  described  in  our 
last  number,  except  in  size,  vary- 
ing only  in  a  small  degree,  if  any, 
from  a  red  to  a  yellow,  or  liver- 
colour  and  white,  which  seems  to 
be  the  invariable  external  standard 
of  this  breed.  They  are  considera- 
bly less  than  the  setter,  delicately 
formed  ;  ears  long,  soft,  and  plia- 
ble ;  coat,  waving  and  silky  ;  eyes 
and  nose  red  or  black ;  the  tail 
somewhat  bushy  and  pendulous, 
and  always  in  motion  when  the  ani- 
mal is  actively  employed. 


From  this  description  the  cocker 
differs,  in  having  a  shorter,  more 
compact  form  ;  a  rounder  head, 
shorter  nose,  long  ears,  and  the  lon- 
ger the  more  admired  ;  limbs  short 
and  strong  ;  the  coat  more  inclined 
to  curl  than  the  springer  ;  colour, 
liver  and  white,  red,  red  and  white, 
black  and  white,  all  liver-colour, 
and  not  unfrequently  black,  with 
tanned  legs  and  muzzles.  From  the 
great  similarity  between  some  of 
these  cockers  and  the  small  water- 
dog,  both  in  figure  and  disposition, 
there  is  little  doubt  that  they  may 
have  been  originally  produced  by 
a  cross  between  the  springing-spa- 
niel  and  the  latter.  Some  of  the 
largest  and  strongest  of  this  descrip- 
tion are  very  common  in  most  parts 
of  Sussex,  and  are  called  Sussex 
spaniels.  The  smallest  spaniels  pass- 
ing under  the  denomination  of 
cockers,  is  the  peculiar  breed  in 
the  possession  of  the  Duke  of  Marl- 
borough and  his  friends,  which  are 


rutin*-!/  fioius. 


hwarinbly  red  and  white,  with  very 
long  ears,    short  nose,   .Hid    black 

Cyi's  :  fin  \  arc  im  l(  1,1 1  ignblc,  and 
arc  held  in  high  estimation. 

TIh*  (wo  different  kinds  of  spa- 
niels which  we  have  described, 
though  they  vary  in  si/.e,  diffei  but 
little  in  their  qualifications,  except 
that  'In-  former  is  inferior  to  the 
lattei  in  rapidity  of  action,  and  docs 

ftot  seem  lo  catch  the  scent  so  sud- 
denly, or  to  enjoy  il  with  the  same 
Enthusiasm  when  found.     Spaniels 

of   both    descriptions   arc    used    as 

finders  in  coursing  with  greyhounds, 
and  are  indefatigable  in  their  exer- 
tions to  find  and  pursue  a  hare,  as 
Ihey  arc  in  pursuit  of  winged  game 

•with  the  gun.     From  the  time  they 

(re  thrown  off  in  a  field,  they  de- 
note  the  pleasure  which  they  feel  in 
being  employed,  by  the  perpetual 

motion  of  the  tail,  termed  feather- 
ing, by  the  increasing  velocity  of 
which  the  experienced  spoilsman 
well  knows  when  he  is  approaching 
his  game.     The  nearer  the  spaniel 

comes  to  the  object,  the  more  ener- 
getic are  his  endeavours  lo  suc- 
ceed ;  tremulous  whimpers,  denot- 
ing doubt,  escape  him  ;  bu(  the 
moment  that  doubt  is  dispelled, 
and  the  game  found,  his  clamours 
signify  the  gratification  he  receives. 
As  noisy  as  is  the  spaniel  in  ex- 
pressing hi>  satisfaction  on  finding, 
or  even  Coming  upon  the  scent,  foot, 

or  haunt  of  game  :  so  persevering 
is  he  also,  till  he  has  brought  it  to 
view. 

Though  spaniels  may  be  occa- 
sionally engaged  in  other  sports, 
they  are  in  general  considered  much 
fitter  for  shooting  in  covert,  than 
for  those  pursuits  in  which  the 
pointer  and  setter  are  more  pro- 
perly engaged.  Pheasant  and  cock- 
Ac  IV.    Vol,  I. 


i  hooting  are,  then  tore,  tin-  <  port 

to  which  the  i paniel  is  more  parti- 
cularly appropriate. 

I'Ih'  crosses  <»i  this  i  <  e  of  dogi 
are  so  infinitely  varied,  that  but 
\<  i.\  fen  <>f  the  pure  and  unmixed 

breed  are  now  lo    b<-   obtained.       Ill 

their  dome  ii«  ><  i  ricefe  they  an-  un- 
matched ;  in  their  attachment,  un- 
changeable ;  in  their  attentions  and 
assiduities,  unwearied  :  and  in  the 
office  of  nocturnal  protei  i<.(>  ,,i  |„.r. 
s  .n  and  property,  their  fidelity  is 
above  corruption,  or  even  suspi- 
cion. Of  their  sagacity,  faithful- 
ness, gratitude,  and  the  wonderful 
extent  of  their  retentive  faculties 
innumerable  instances  might  be  ad- 
duced. 

The   docility   of  the   spaniel    is 
Mich,    that    he    may    be    taught    to 

practise,  with  considerable  dexte- 
rity, a  variety  of  actions,  in  imi- 
lation  of  man  ;  such  as  to  open  a 
door  fastened  by  a  latch,  or  to  ring 
•i  bell  when  desirous  of  admission. 
We  are  informed  by  1'aber,  that  a 
dog  of  this  kind,  belonging  to  one 
Of  the  Medici  family,  always  at- 
tended at  his  master's  table*  took 
the  plates  from  him,  and  brou 
him  others.  The  same  animal  would 
also  hold  (he  stirrup  between  his 
teeth  while  his  master  was  mount- 
in-  his  horse.  Mr.  Daniel,  in  his 
Rural  Sport sy  mentions  his  having 
formerly  possessed  a  spaniel,  which 
tve  to  the  Hfon.  Mr.  GrevUle, 
and  which,  besides  the  common 
tricks  perform,  J  by  dogs  trained  to 
fetch  and  carry,  would  brii^r  the 
bottles  of  wine  from  the  corner  uf 
the  room  to  the  table,  by  the  neck, 
with  such  care  as  never  to  break 
one  ;  and  was,  in  fact,  the  boot*  of 
the  mess-room.  The  dancing  dogs 
which  were  originally  exhibited  al 
Ii 


240 


BRITISH    SPORTS. 


Sadler's  Wells,  and  afterwards  in 

various  pails  of  (he  kingdom,  were 
most  curiously  instructed  ;  for,  after 
storming  a  fort  amidst  the  firing  of 
guns,  and  the  suffocating  smoke  of 
gunpowder,  they  introduced  a  de- 
serter, -who  was  shot  for  the  offence, 
and  carried  oft' as  dead  by  his  com- 
panions  :  another  feigned  extreme 
lameness,  and  shewed  symptoms  of 
extreme  pain  ;  but  alter  a  variety 
of  well-affected  distortions,  lie  gra- 
dually recovered,  and  sported  about 
among  his  companions  with  every 
demonstration  of  joy. 

From  among  the  numerous  in- 
stances recorded  of  the  sagacity 
and  intelligence  of  the  spaniel,  we 
shall  select  the  following  : — In  Oc- 
tober 1800,  a  young  man  going  into 
a  place  of  public  entertainment  al 
Paris,  was  told  that  his  dog  could 
not  be  admitted,  and  was  accord- 
ingly left  with  the  guard  at  the 
door.  The  young  man  had  scarcely 
entered  the  loblnr,  when  his  watch 
was  stolen  :  he  returned  to  the 
guard,  and  begged  that  his  do<z 
might  be  permitted  to  follow  him, 
as  he  should,  through  his  means,  be 
enabled  to  discover  the  thief.  His 
request  was  complied  with  ;  on 
which  he  intimated  to  the  dog  what 
he  had  lost.  The  animal  immedi- 
ately set  out  in  quest  of  the  stray- 
ed article,  and  soon  fastened  on 
the  thief,  whose  guilt,  on  being 
searched,  was  but  too  apparent. 
The  fellow  proved  to  be  an  old  of- 
fender :  six  watches  were  found  in 
his  pockets,  which  being  laid  be- 
fore the  dog,  he  selected  his  mas- 
ter's, took  it  in  his  mouth  by  the 


ribbon,  and  carried  it  in  safety  to 
the  owner. 

In  a  communication  to  the  Royal 
Academy  of  France,  Leibnitz,  the 

celebrated  German  philosopher,  af- 
firms, that  he  had  heard  a  dog  call 
in  an  intelligible  manner  for  tea, 
coffee,  chocolate,  and  other  arti- 
cles. The  French  academicians 
admit,  that  unless  the  circumstance 
had  been  attested  by  a  man  of  such 
high  character  as  Leibnitz,  they 
should  scarcely  have  dared  to  re- 
cord it.  The  dog  was  rather  above 
the  middle  size,  bore  the  appear- 
ance of  a  cross-bred  large  spaniel, 
and  was  the  property  of  a  Saxon 
peasant  ;  whose  son,  a  little  boy, 
imagined  that  he  perceived,  in  the 
voice  of  the  dog,  an  indistinct  re- 
semblance to  certain  words,  and 
therefore  absolutely  undertook  the 
(ask  of  teaching  him  to  speak.  He 
spared  neither  time  nor  pains  with 
his  pupil,  who  was  about  three 
years  old  when  this  course  of  edu- 
cation commenced,  and  who,  at 
length,  made  such  progress  as  to 
be  able  to  articulate  thirty  words. 
It  appeared,  however,  that  the 
scholar  was  something  of  a  truant, 
and  did  not  very  willingly  exert 
his  talents  ;  it  was  necessary  that 
the  words  should  be  repeatedly  pro- 
nounced to  him  during  the  lessons, 
on  which  he  echoed  them  after  his 
preceptor.  Such  is  the  account 
given  by  Leibnitz  of  this  wonder- 
ful dog,  which  was  brought  forth 
near  Zeitz,  in  Saxony.  We  doubt. 
whether  any  parallel  instance  is  to 
be  found  upon  record. 

(To  be  continued.) 


211 


RETROSPECT  OF  POLITK  S. 


The  retreat  of  the  British  armj 
from  S|);iin  was  followed  bythedis- 
astrous  consequences  which  mighl 
ii;iiiir;ill  \  be  expected  from  i(.  The 
people  of  the  (own  <»i  Corunnn  (not* 
withstanding  the  departure  of  our 
troops)  defended  themselves  for  se- 
veral days,  and  <li<l  not  but  render 
without  having  received  an  honour- 
able capitulation.  After  the  sur- 
render of  Corunnn,  there  remained 
in  Gallicia  one  town  of  considerable 
strength  and  importance,  \\lii<  h  was 
capable  of  being  defended  ,but  w  hich 

was  hcl  ra\  ed  and  sold  to  the  menu  . 

Ferrol  was  in  e\  ery  point  of  \  mw 
the  most  important  military  position 

in  Gallicia,  and  might  have  opposed 

a  long  resistance  to  the  utmost  ef- 
forts of  Soult's array,  if  it  had  had 

for   ils  comma. idant    a    PalafoXy    Of 

any  man  n\ill\  attached  to  the  in- 
dependence of  Spain,  ami  deter- 
mined to  do  his  duty  to  his  country. 
Tim   people    there,    as    at    Madrid. 

were  desirous  to  spill  their  blood  in 
(lie  defence  of  their  country,  but 
their  honest  and  generous  feelings 
were  rendered  unavailing  by  the 
treachery  of  their  leaders.      The 

French   account    of  (lie   capture    of 

Ferrol  states,  thai  8000 armed  men 
had  been  collected  in  the  town 
from  the  neighbouring  districts  :  but 

thai  the  ci\  il,  military,  and  naval 
authorities,  not  only  agreed  to  the 
surrender  of  the  town,  but  had  ac- 
tually in\  ited  the  French  army  to 
march  against  if.  Ferrol  was  aeon- 
quest  ot  the  utmost  importance  to 
Trance  in  a  maritime  point  ot'  view  : 
its  dockyards  are  among  the  best  in 
Spain,  and  there  was  a  considerable 
fleel  of  men  ot'  war  in  it?  harbour. 


amounting  to  no  less  than  s<  ' 

of  the  line,  among  n I  i<  h  were  ' wo 

'    of  ]  12  "-nils,  besidei  I 
This  capture  completely   I 
the  loss  of  the  squadron  which  the 
Spaniards  had  taken  fromtheFrench 

in  the  h.n  hour   ol    (  \idi/.       Nothing 

could  more  decided  I  j  prove  the 
i  rea<  hery  w  hich  ga  i  e  I  enrol  up  to 
France,  than  this  squadron  being 
allowed  to  remain  in  the  harbour, 
when  ii  might  have  been  used  as  the 
means  of  conveying  the  <i\il  and 
military  authorities,  the  pi in<  ipal 

inhabitants,  and  all  their  effects,  to 

( ladiz.  It  may  be  answered,  that 
they  were  not  in  a  condition  to  put 

to  sea  :  hut  then  it  must  be  recollect- 
ed, that  there  was  a    British    Beet 

neai .  to  take  care  of  ihem  ai:d  take 
them  in  tow  .      The  principal  men  of 

Ferrol,  however,  chose  to  give  up 
their  town  and  fleet  to  France,  and 
after  this  remarkable  treachery  to 

their  Country  and  to  their  allies,  ue 
must   own  we  cannot    entertain   the 
same  sent  iments  as  we  formerly  did, 
of  the  spirit  that  exists  in  those  ; 
of  Spain  w  hich  are  not   alread  . 
cupied  by  French  troops. 

From  the  conduct  of  the  different 

classes  of  inhabitants  at  Madrid  and 

Ferrol,  very  important  considera- 
tions naturally  arise.  We  see  that 
the  middling  and  lower  orders  were 
unanimous  for  making  an  honourable 
n  sistance,  and defendingtheir  coun- 
try to  the  last  :  but  their  governors, 
Don  Thomas  Morla,  and  those  who 
were  at  the  head  of  the  civil  and  mi- 
litary authorities,  preferred  ■  capi- 
tulation, which  saved  their  proper- 
ty, and  secured,  under  the  new 
vernment,  the  emoluments  attached 
I  i2 


242 


retrospect  of  politics. 


to  (heir  places.  It  has  also  appear- 
ed in  (he  course  of  (he  campaigns 
in  Spain,  that  (he  large  (owns  were 
the  principal  depositories  of  the  na- 
tional strength  and  the  national  spi- 
rit, and  that  whoever  was  master  of 
the  towns  was  soon  master  of  the 
Country.  Many  of  the  towns  in 
Spain,  such  asSaragossa,  Valencia, 
Gerona,  and  Rosas,  were  defended 
with  great  obstinacy,  and  occasion- 
ed a  great  loss  to  the  enemy.  The 
peasantry,  however,  of  the  open 
country,  opposed  no  such  resistance; 
not  only  the  French  armies,  but  the 
smallest  detachments  from  their  ar- 
mies, traversed  the  champaign  coun- 
try (according-  to  a  strong-  expres- 
sion used  in  Parliament),  as  if  they 
had  been  passing-  through  an  unre- 
sisting medium.  The  reason  of  this 
is  not  difficult  (o  discover.  The  fate 
of  battles,  and  the  fortune  of  em- 
pires, do  not  depend  upon  the  phy- 
sical force  which  is  scattered  over 
an  extended  surface,  but  upon  (he 
quantity  of  force  which  can  be 
brought  to  act  upon  certain  given 
points.  It  is  upon  this  principle 
that  Bonaparte  appears  to  gain  all 
his  victories:  he  always  comes  down 
in  full  force  to  that  point  which  he 
selects  as  the  point  of  attack,  while 
his  enemies  have  constantly  divided 
their  armies  in  such  a  manner,  that 
he  has  been  able  todes'roy  them  one 
after  the  other.  At  (he  beginning 
of  November,  Spain  had  numerous 
armies  in  the  field,  and  reckoned 
not  only  her  own  population,  but 
the  armies  of  England  and  Portugal 
as  her  armies  of  reserve;  and  yet 
-withinthe  last  four  months,  the  Spa- 
nish armies  have  disappeared  from 
the  field,  the  greater  part  of  (he 
towns  of  Spain  have  sworn  allegi- 
ance (o  their  new  king,  Joseph,  the 


British  army  has  returned  to  Eng- 
land, and  there  does  not  appear  the 
slightest  chance  for  Spain,  unless  in 
the  events  of  the  approaching  war 
between  France  and  Austria. 

As  soon  as  Bonaparte  was  assured 
(hat  the  British  army  had  left  (he 
peninsula,  the  war  in  Spain  appear- 
ed (o  him  a  secondary  object,  which 
did  not  require  his  presence,  and 
which  might  be  followed  up  by  his 
generals  ;  he  therefore  immediately 
returned  (o  Paris,  and  his  return 
was  considered  as  the  signal  that  he 
meditated  war  against  Austria.  That 
power  had  taken  advantage  of  the 
withdrawing  of  part  of  his  armies 
from  Germany,  to  put  its  forces  in 
the  best  condition,  and  to  organize 
all  its  means  of  defence.  It  was  im- 
possible (hat  any  statesman  in  the 
Austrian  empire  should  not  see,  tha 
the  ruin  of  that  empire  was  abso- 
lutely determined  on,  and  (hat  its 
best  chance  was  to  make  the  best 
possible  preparation  for  defence,  in 
the  only  time  when  such  prepara- 
tion could  have  been  permitted.  It 
is  idle  (o  suppose,  that  (hose  prepa- 
rations on  the  part  of  Austria  were 
the  cause  of  the  war  ;  for  there  can 
be  no  doubt,  that  whether  they 
had  taken  place  or  not,  Austria 
would  have  been  attacked  as  soon 
as  Spain  was  finally  subjugated. 
And  here,  when  we  are  consider- 
ing the  system  which  Bonaparte 
has  uniformly  pursued  on  the  Con- 
tinent, we  cannot  but  express  the 
greatest  surprise,  that  there  should 
be  in  this  country  public  men,  who 
in  other  respects  appear  enlightened, 
but  who  still  endeavour  to  persuade 
i his  country,  that  peace  can  and 
ought  to  be  made  with  Bonaparte. 
There  can  be  no  doubt,  that  as  long 
as  he  would  conceive  that  the  sub- 


RETROSPECT    OF    PO!  ITlCf. 


tl3 


jogation  of  the  world  to  bit  absolute 
power,  would  goon  more  rapidly  bj 
■  peace  n ith  I."  l  ind,  so  long,  but 
noi  ;i  moment  longer,  would  he  be 

inclined    to    keep    thai     pen  e.         In 

peat  e  Ins  navy  and  Ilia  meam  ot  at- 
tacking in  would  increase  mu<  h 
more  rnpidlj   than  they  cm  do  in 

war  ;    and    in  this   state    of  non.inal 

1 1  ice  \nc  should  have  all  tbeburthi  ns 
of  war  without  any  ofits  security,  01 
any  of  its  chances.  What  will  be 
the  ultimate  issue  of  the  great  con- 
test in  n liich  the  woi II  is  now  en- 
gaged, is  only  known  to  thl  I 
mighty  Disposer  of  events;  hut  lliis 
we  know  perfectly,  that,  in  the  opi- 
nion of  all  mankind,  it  has  ever  been 
held  mean,  base,  and  dishonourable 
tor  a  great  nation  to  submit  to  the 
haughty  dictates  of  a  foreign  sove- 
reign, before  the  fortune ot  war  has 

been  tried   to   the  utmost  :    and   that 

even  when  war has  poured  all  its  ca- 
lamities upon  a  people  or  a  town, 
which  bravely  contends  for  its  in- 
dependent e,  tiiii  people  or  that 
tow  ii  is  immortalized  in  thi 
history,  and  m  the  best  feeliii 
all  good  men.  to  the  latest  period  of 

time.  Thousands  of  years  have 
•-lapsed  since  A  umanlia  immortaliz- 
ed itself  in  its  fall.     Its  name  is  still 

pronounced  with  reverence,  and  its 

ruins  are  shewn  by  the  nei^hbourin,r 
peasants  with  pride.     Arragon  has 

now  to  boast  a  second  Xumantia, 
and    the  towers    of    SaragOSSa    will 

i   be  seen  w  ithout  stirring  up 
every  generous  and  manly  feeling. 

The  tall  ot'  SaragOSSa  has  been 
by  far  the  most  important  event 
which  his  incurred  since  the  pub- 
lication of  our  last  number.  It  was 
to  SaragOSSa  that  every  Spaniard 
looked,  as  the  great  bulwark  of  his 
country.     It  owed  its  strength,  not 


to  il  .  forti  it    to  a  immr. 

ions  g  irrison  <>i    r>      ll  II  troi 

io  the  n  itive  coui  igc  of  tin 
<<  u  u  ho  defended  it.  • 
do-  dm  i  linn  and  animating  ipiril 
"i  ( rem  id  P  d  ifox,  who  may  I  e 
consul,  red  11  the  hero  ami  treat  dc- 
fendei  of  the  cause  of  Sp  in.  U  b<  n 
the  insurrection  first  took  pi  u 

ill  it   COUntry,  the  province  (.1     I 

gOfl   was  absolutely  without 

troops  ;    and    yd    the    inhabitants  of 

the  city,  and  the  neighbouring 
s ants,  soon  acquired  sufficient  •! 
pline  to  beat  oil  many  large  armies 
of  the  enemy  tfa  .1  attacked  that  citv. 

\\  hen  we  consider  the  many  <! 
rate   attacks    which    were  made   ly 

General  Lefebvre  with  armiea per- 
petually reinforced,  and  that  tl.  ..- 
attacks  were  always  repulsed  with 
immense  slaughter,  we  cannot  but 
believe  that  Sa  1  has  cost 

French    more  trouble  and  mOfl 
than   all   the    rest    of  Bp  tin.       1 
hopes  of  the  war  appeared  so  much 
io  (enter  in  Palafbx  and  hisdefl 
of    Baragossa,    that    at    present   the 
prospect  ot'  v||( . .  s^  js  1  in f  gloomy  ; 
and  the  objei  I  "t  the  hopes  am! 
cul  iiions  of  this  oountrjr,  are  1: 
much,   whether  it  is  possible  that 
Spain   can    still    recover    from 
blow,  that  she  has  I 
(her   the    licet  at  Cadiz  will   be 
trayet!  and  sold  to  the  enemy  as  that 
at   lii  rol  was. 

The    following    is    the    account 
which  has  been  given  in  the  lr 
;  ip  rs,  from  time  to  tim<  • 
circumstance  s  which  led  to  the  fall 

\\  hen     l>  MM] 

had  entered  Spain,  and  had  beaten 
the  Spanish  armies  out  of  the  field, 
he  preferred  marching  dit 
Madrid,  and  postponing  the  at 
on  Sara" -'.-\i  until  he  > 


244 


Itr.TROSPECT    OF    POLITICS. 


the  capital,  and  until  the  British 
army  was  driven  out  of  Spain:  he 
knew  well  the  obstinate  and  despe- 
rate resistance  which  he  would  meet 
at  Saragossa,  and  therefore  thought 
it  better  to  wait  for  a  short  time, 
until  the  events  of  the  war  should 
convince  the  Arragonese  that  there 
was  no  chance  of  success,  and  that 
resistance  would  befruitless.  When 
the  surrender  of  Madrid  was  an- 
nounced to  Palafox,  and  he  was 
summoned  to  surrender,  he  replied, 
"  that  if  Madrid  had  surrendered, 
it  must  have  been  sold,  but  that  was 
no  reason  for  his  surrendering." — 
The  French  bulletin  slates  (and  in 
this  the  Spanish  accounts  agree) 
that  General  Palafox  had  assem- 
bled 50,000  armed  men  at  Sara- 
gossa :  to  this  force  the  French  op- 
posed about  an  equal  number  of  re- 
gular troops,  an  immense  train  of 
heavy  artillery,  well  managed,  and 
all  the  other  advantages  which  the 
art  of  war  and  the  whole  military 
means  of  a  great  empire,  directed 
against  one  point,  gives  a  regular 
army  well  provided,  over  the  mere 
population  of  a  city  or  a  district, 
be  they  ever  so  valiant.  The  re- 
sistance, however,  was  more  obsti- 
nate and  more  glorious  to  the  brave 
garrison,  than  is  recorded  in  the 
page  of  history  of  any  town  in  si- 
milar circumstances,  since  the  in- 
vention of  gunpowder  and  the  mo- 
dern art  of  war.  On  the  26th  of 
January,  the  numerous  batteries  of 
heavy  artillery  which  had  been 
playing  for  many  days  on  the  walls 
of  Saragossa  (which  were  by  no 
means  strong),  made  several  prac- 
ticable breaches,  and  the  town  was 
entered.  Here,  however,  a  new 
scene  of  warfare  presented  itself : 
t  he  Spaniards  defended  ever?/  liousc. 


The  French  emperor  being  perfectly 
aware,  from  past  experience,  what 
sort  of  a  defence  was  to  he  expect- 
ed, had  collected  a  number  of  mi- 
ners, who,  by  blowing  Up  different 
houses  at  different  times,  allowed 
the  French  troops  to  make  some 
progress,  and  get  possession  of  some 
houses  and  monasteries.  The  Spa- 
niards endeavoured  to  oppose  them 
by  counter-mines  ;  but  in  this  they 
were  unsuccessful,  as  being  novices 
at  that  kind  of  warfare,  and  opposed 
to  the  most  expert  miners  and  en- 
gineers of  the  armies  of  France. 

It  docs  not  appear,  by  fhe  account 
given  in  the  33d  bulletin  of  the 
French  army,  that  they  would  have 
been  able  to  overcome  the  re- 
sistance of  the  inhabitants  of  Sara- 
gossa, if  it  had  not  been  for  the 
expert ness  of  their  miners.  The 
French  calculate  the  loss  of  the  in- 
surgents (as  they  call  them)  in  the 
last  sie»-e,  to  be  20,000,  besides 
13,000  wounded  and  sick  in  the  hos- 
pitals. Upon  this  occasion  they  do 
not  make  the  least  mention  of  their 
own  loss,  which  must  be  supposed 
to  have  been  at  least  as  great,  when 
it  is  considered  that  they  actually 
entered  the  town  of  Saragossa  on 
the  27th  of  January  ;  and  that, 
from  that  day  to  the  2 1st  of  Febru- 
ary, there  was  an  incessant  battle, 
in  which  they  only  gained  ground 
house  by  house,  and  inch  by  inch. 
This  is  the  circumstance  which  leads 
us  to  think,  that,  since  the  fall  of 
\nin<ntlia,  or  at  least  since  the  in- 
vention of  gunpowder  and  the  mo- 
dern modes  of  destruction,  no  city 
ever  made  so  gallant  a  resistance  as 
Saragossa.  If  Madrid  had  been  de- 
fended with  the  same  spirit,  Spain 
would,  in  all  human  probability) 
have  been  saved.     Saragossa  will, 


M  f    l)K    \  I.     It  I    If)  It  I  . 


l<>  the  lat<  i  pel  iod  "I  lime,  be  t  be 
pride  <>f  Spain  ;  and  ihc  bare  men* 
lion  of  its  name  w ill  for  evei  til 
up,  in  the  breast  of  every  h  uc  Spa* 
niard,  the  sentiment  of  genuine  pa* 
(riot  ism. 

Since  our  hisi  number,  a  peace 
has  been  concluded  between  ' 
land  and  Turkej  .  IT  thisei ent  had 
taken  place  before  the  calamities 
which  hare  befallen  Spain,  it  would 
have  given  rise  to  the  most  sanguine 
hopes  for  the  success  of  the  common 
cause.  The  wounds  which  Spain 
has  received  appear  so  deadly,  thai 
we  can  scared}  suppose  that  the 
force  of  Turkey  can  weigh  much 
in  the  scale  against  the  fortunes, 
ni ii v,  and  power  of  Bonaparte. — 
There  was  n  time  when  it  would 
have  caused  universal  pleasure  in 
this  count r j ,  to  hear  that  A 
was  making  serious  preparations  for 
war  w  ith  Fram  e ;  l>ut  now .  instead 


of  hope  <>i  pl<     ure,  I  lie  n ■•  •■ .  ap- 
peal   to  produce  no  othei  el 
i  id'  la  ti  li< ■' .  forcbo  ling,  thai 
stria  i   on  t  lie  bi  ink  ofi  uin,  and  that 
the  ancient  throne  of  the  < 
about  to  di  >nppcar  from  the  earth. 
It  often  I  that  when  t!i 

litii  d  horizon  i-  quite  cloud    . 
unexpe<  t « *  I  events  take  pla<  e,whu  b, 
like  the  sun  bursting  through  (he 

Is,  checi  <»i  anin 
Bpects.   We  he  ir  that  i '  pre- 

paring with  the  small  army  which 
is  lilt  Imt,  to  take  the  pari  of 
\  ustria,  and  (hat  the  attachment  of 
lu;vsi.i  to  I  r  nice  is  much  weaken- 
ed. It  is  -till  possible  (hat  a  union 
might  be  formed  which  would  ^till 
a  balam  .   but  «c 

in  the 
•  will  be  broken  & 
re  any  other  power  can  con 
nice. 


MEDIt 

An  account  of  the  diseases  which 
have  occurred  in  the  reporter*s  own 
practice,  from  the  I5th  of  February 
to  the  l.")th  of  March,  1809. 

/.  uif  disea&t  s.  —  Inflammatory 
sore    throat,    %  —  Catarrhal    fever, 

5 Scarlet   fever  and  sore  throat. 

9 Continued    fever,     u Wute 

rheumatism,    G Puerperal    fever. 

i? Hooping  cough,    3 leute 

diseases  of  infants,  7. 

Chronic  diseases.  —  Cough   and 

Dyspnoea,    40  —  Pulmonary    con- 
sumption, 5  — Scrofula,  2 Pleu- 

rodyne,   2 — Chronic  rheumatism, 

4  — Lumbago  and  sciatica,  3 

Chronic  pains  of  the  stomach  and 


bowels,    9....Diarrhsea, 


.Con- 


stipation, 3. ...Bilious  vomiting,   2 
....Spitting  of  blood,  ?....Dyspep- 


REPORT. 

sia,    J l)i>  ...  Water    in 

ad,  !  —  <  epb  ila  a,  5 I  -  j  >  i  - 

lepsy,    1 Istbenia,    II Rheu- 
matic gout,  I  —  \\  Onus,   1 M.i- 

rasmus,    I — Abortus  and    Menor- 
rhagia, \ — Vmenorrho'  i.  6 I,eu- 

corrh  aneousdu 

Pulmonary  complaints  continue 
to  be  prettj  general.  Rheumatic 
affections,  also,  from  the  severe, 
acute  form  of  tl  to    the 

milder   species,    affecting    only    a 
joint   or  a  muscle,  hai  e  ; 
quent.      The   case   of  water   in  the 
head   occurred    in    an    infant    only 
t  three  weeks  old  :  the  complaint  did 
not  appear  to  originate  from 
accidental  or  adventitious    i 
but  was  probably  thee 
originally  imperfect   organiiat 


248 


AGRIfTLTURAL  RITORT. 


The  favourable  slate  of  the  wea- 
ther, and  the  time  lor  depositing  the 
seed   in   the  earth,    lias  produced 

great  activity  in  all  the  various  sea- 
sonable occupations  of  agriculture. 

The  bean  lands  (from  the  heavy 
rains  in  the  last  month)  do  not  fall 
away  from  the  plough  so  kindly  as 
could  be  wished  ;  but  the  dry  wea- 
ther has  much  improved  the  bar- 
ley lands,  particularly  those  of  the 
summer  fallows.  The  land  after 
turnips  will  be  rather  rough  on  te- 
nacious soils. 

The  wheats  are  much  improved 
by  the  dry  weather  ;  the  early  sown 
look  extremely  well.  Rye  and  tares 
are  very  forward,  and  promise  an 
early  and  luxuriant  crop  for  soiling. 
We  flatter  ourselves  that  our  agri- 
cultural readers  will  derive  some  in- 
teresting information  on  this  sub- 
ject, from  the  second  letter  of  the 
Economist,  on  the  preservation  of 
agricultural  produce,  inserted  in  our 
present  number. 

The  young  clovers,  and  the  re- 
maining  Swedish  turnips,  consider- 


March,  was  well  attended  :  the  ent- 
ile were  in  a  high  state  of  fatness, 
and  did  credit  to  the  candidates. 
His  lordship's  Merino  sheep  sold  at 
high  prices. 

The  implements  and  machines 
were  very  numerous,  and  some  of 
them  highly  interesting,  particu- 
larly a  set  of  machines  invented  by 
Mr.  Lester,  engineer,  of  Padding- 
ton  (ireen,  for  an  entirely  new  mode 
of  separating  corn  and  seeds,  of 
every  description,  from  straw  and 
chaff.  The  completion  of  machi- 
nery for  this  purpose  is  certainly 
one  of  the  most  important  discove- 
ries that  have  yet  been  made  for  the 
benefit  of  mankind.  The  waste  that 
occurs  from  the  various  ineffectual 
modes  of  separation  at  present  used 
in  the  different  corn  countries  in  the 
world,  would  furnish  food  in  abun- 
dance to  all  its  hungry  inhabitants. 

Mr.  Lester  has  spent  more  time 
and  money  in  pursuit  of  this  ob- 
ject, than  perhaps  any  other  indi- 
vidual ;  and  we  are  happy  to  in- 
form our  readers,  that,  from  the  spe- 


imz;  the  severity  of  the  winter,  look  II  cimens  we  saw  exhibited,    he  has 


well.  The  introduction  of  the 
Swedes  is  one  of  the  greatest  im- 
provements of  modern  agriculture  ; 
it  provides  food  so  effectually  for 
that  interval  betwixt  hay  and  grass, 
that  was  so  distressing  in  this  cli- 
mate after  severe  w  inters.  Its  su- 
perior nutritive  quality,  in  com- 
parison of  the  common  turnip,  is 
obvious  to  every  farmer  ;  and  its 
weight  is  equal,  if  the  pure  seed  be 
sown.  A  gentleman  of  Worcester 
has,  this  year,  grown  thirty-two 
tons  per  acre. 

Lord  Sotnerv  die's  Spring  Cattle 
Shew,  held  at  Mr.  Sadler's  reposi- 
tory, Cos  well-street,  on  the  7th  of 


most  fully  accomplished  the  desired 
purpose,  and  will  undoubtedly  re- 
ceive the  reward  due  to  such  per- 
severing and  meritorious  exertion. 

Some  excellent  specimens  of  cloth, 
of  various  descriptions,  made  from 
Merino  wool  grown  in  this  country, 
were  exhibited  by  Mr.  Joyce. 

The  company  retired  to  Free- 
Masons'  Tavern,  where  Lord  So- 
merville  treated  upwards  of  400  of 
the  amateurs  in  agriculture  with  an 
excellent  dinner.  Nothing  could 
excel  the  flavour  of  the  Anglo- 
Merino  mutton,  bred  and  fed  by 
his  lordship. 


LITERARY  NOTH  ES   \\l)  INTELLIGENT  E. 


Mn. .).  M.  I, a.  *  \  b  m  i  rotameoi 

1*01111*  in  (lie  |>r< t  ,  which  will  be 

published  as  early  111  April  §J  DOS- 
Bible.  It  i^  lo  (  onsist  of  tin-  F.mn- 
House,  a  tale  ;  \n  ith  areata  \ .  pas- 
toral,    elegiac,  ami    miscellaneous 

pieces. 

Mr.  Park's  edition  of  Warton'i 
7/ istoi  v  "/  English  Poetry  is  in  a 
lUte  of  ir r i . 1 1  forwardness.  The 
editors  plan   is  not  only  to  rei  ise 

l)dlli    text   and    notes,   and    tree  the 

r  i  •  i  u  ts  from  the  charge  of  inaccu- 
racy to  which  they  have  hitherto 
been  subjected,  hut  also  to  supply 
n  continuation  in  furtherance  of  M  r. 
Walton's  plan.  The  rery  copious 
annotations  on  Walton's  history  by 
the  late  learned  antiquary,  the  Re?. 
George  Ashley,  together  with  va- 
rious IIS.  observations  left  by  thai 
acute  critic.  Mr.  Ritson,  arc  in  the 
hands  of  the  pn  -"lit  editor  ;  and  so 
far  as  the  purpose-  of  correction  and 
illustration  can  be  sci  red,  will  he  ap- 
pended to  the  notes  of  Mr.  Watton. 

The  Rev.  Joseph  Wilkinson  i^ 
■bout  to  publish,  by  subscription, 
Sc/at  \'u  ws  in  Cumberland^  IV<  -t- 
monland,  and  Pari  of  Scotland; 
exhibiting  the  most  picturesque  si- 
tuations in  those  countries,  with 
letter-press  descriptions. 

Mr.    Murlitt,    of    Trinity    Col- 
.  Cambridge,  i^  about  to  pub- 
lish an  Essay  mi  tin   Li  fe  and  CM  a- 
trncter  of  AgtsilamSy  sou  of  Archi- 
damus. 

A  member  of  the  university  of 
Oxford  has  announced  an  intended 
publication,  entitled,  1  .indloj  Mur- 
ray examined,  or  an  Addrt  - 
Classical  French  and  English 
Teachers;  in  which  the  aaniina- 
tical  errors  in    Murray's  grammar 

No.  IV.   Vol.  I. 


are  pointed  out  ;   shewing,   at  the 

same  I  iine,  I  lie  n-  i  ! 

I i -h  irramniar   that    will    had  lo   the 

grammar   of  any   other  laniru 
without  riotating  the  purity  of  the 
English. 
Proposals  have  been   iaraed  by 

Mr.  John    Lloyd,  ol  (efn-1  H     .   M    - 

rionethshire,for  publishing,  by  sub* 
script  ion,  in  t\*o  octavo  volume*, 
The  Records  of  North  H  con- 

s»stiiiLr  of  all  the  state  papers  relat* 
ini:  to  that  part  of  the  principality ; 
the  coirespondence  between  the 
Welch  princes  and  the  English 
court  ;    grants  lo  the  different  bo- 

rough  towns  ;     ancient  letters  plat- 

I  the  alfiirs  of  the  principality, 

or  respecting  some  conspicuous  part 

of  it  :  as  its  Castles,  and  the  arti- 
(  les  of  capitulation  of  CUftleS  in  the 
civil  wan;  grants  of  hind  to  any 
public  bodiesj   usousateiics,   dtc.  ; 

and,  in  short,  every  doeument  that 
can  throw  li^ht  on  the  history  of 
former  times,  ;h  lo  North  Wale?, 
or  any  public  part  of  it  :  withtiou-, 

historical  and  explanatory. 

Mr.  Renouard,  of  Trinity  Col- 
.  Cambridge,  Will  speedily  pub- 
lish A  Tr  cut  ise  on  Spherical  Tri* 
,  gone nu  try. 

Twn  volumes  of  Seniwn*y  by  the 
late  Bishop  Ilorsley,  are  intended 
to  be  published,  by  subscription, 
early  in  June. 

Mr.  Enfield,  author  of  the  pro- 
nouncing dictionary  of  the  English. 
language,  has  nearly  ready  for  the 
press,  the  tirst  volume  of  a  new 
Encycio]  r  Circle  8  f  A 

N    U  in  r  ;  *t     o( 

twenty-five  volumes  12mo.  each 
containing  a  complete  treatise  on 
some  important  branch  of  science. 

Kk 


248 


LITERARY    NOTICES    AND    INTELLIGENCE. 


A  new  edition  of  the  Works  of 
the  Poets,  from  Chaucer  to  Cow- 
per,  including;  the  best  translations 
of  the  classics,  is  in  the  press.  Il 
will  form  twenty  volumes,  royal  oc- 
tavo, printed  in  two  columns,  and 
will,  in  every  respect,  constitute 
one  of  the  handsomest  library  books 
that  has  appeared  for  several  years. 

Mr.  George  Rose  has  announced 
some  observations  on  the  historical 
fragment  of  Mr.  Fox,  and  an  ori- 
ginal narrative  of  the  Duke  of  Ar- 
gyle's  insurrection  in  1685. 

Mr.  Bewick,  of  Newcastle,  so 
deservedly  celebrated  for  his  skill 
in  engraving  on  wood,  his  for  a 
considerable  time  been  engaged  on 
A  System  of  Economical  and  Use- 
ful Botany,  which  will  include 
about  450  plants,  the  most  useful 
in  the  materia  medica,  in  diet  and 
manufactures.  The  text  has  been 
prepared  by  Dr.  Thornton,  and 
will  contain  a  body  of  valuable 
information  relative  to  the  history 
and  uses  of  the  several  plants. 
There  will  be  two  editions  ;  one  on 
royal  paper,  of  which  only  a  small 
number  will  be  printed  ;  and  the 
other  on  demy  :  neither  oft  hem  in- 
ferior in  beauty  to  Mr.  Bewick's 
former  productions. 

A  society  of  physcians  in  London 
has  been,  for  some  time  past,  en- 
gaged in  collecting  materials  for  a 
new  work,  to  be  entitled  The  An- 
nual Medical  Register.  They  pro- 
pose to  comprise,  in  one  volume,  a 
complete  account  of  the  medical 
literature  of  the  preceding  year,  to- 
gether with  an  historical  sketch  of 
the  discoveries  and  improvements 
in  medicine  and  the  collateral  sci- 
ences ;  a  report  of  the  general  state 
of  health  and  disease  in  the  metro- 
poiisj  and  a  brief  detail  of  such  mis- 


cellaneous occurrences  within  the 
same  period  as  may  be  deemed  wor- 
thy of  record. 

Mr.  Adam's  new  work  on  Epi- 
demics is  nearly  through  the  press. 
It  is  an  address  to  the  public,  par- 
ticularly the  legislative  body,  on 
the  laws  which  govern  those  dis- 
eases, and  on  the  late  proposals  for 
extirpating  the  small-pox. 


MUSICAL    REVIEW. 

A  Military  Concerto  for  the  Piano- 
Forte,  ic  it  h  Accompaniments,  com- 
posed for  11 .  R.  II.  the  Prince 
of  Wales,  by  T.  Latour,  price 
8s.  6d. 

In  giving  our  opinion  on  the  pre- 
sent work,  we  are  well  aware,  that 
concertos  arc  not  so  much  intended 
to  exhibit  the  science  of  the  com- 
poser, as  the  skill  and  agility  of 
the  performer  ;  and  in  this  instance 
it  is  evident,  that  the  principal  aim 
of  the  author  was  that  of  giving  to 
amateurs  an  opportunity  of  display- 
ing moderate  abilities  to  the  greatest 
advantage  ;  the  composition  is  bril- 
liant, and  yet  the  passages  lie  per- 
fectly under  the  hand. 

The  three  movements  of  this  con- 
certo, consisting  of  a  larghctto  of  a 
few  bars,  an  allegro  and  rondo,  are 
in  C  major. 

The  larghctto,  although  short,  is 
expressive  and  solemn,  and  the  re- 
sponses introduced  into  the  accom- 
paniments cannot  fail  to  add  to  the 
effect  of  the  whole.  In  the  allegro 
the  character  of  martial  music  is 
preserved  throughout,  although  in 
tlie  different  ideas  little  of  origina- 
lity is  to  be  met  with.  We  have 
been  much  pleased  with  some  of 
Mr.  L.'s  mod  illations  and  transitions, 
particularly  page  9  and  10.  The 
|  subject,  or  rather  the  beginning  of 


it 


ai 


D  B  . 


I  ^ill"  I  oil     r.  ADI  I    .     AM)     (.  I    '.  I  I  1 


249 


the    rondo,    is  neat  ;    l»nl    'I    i 

abandoned ,  foi  w  bat  app<  1 1  •"  a  - 
the  principal  ubji  ci  <»f  thii  bun  -  - 
Mini,  \  i/.  iln-  <  elebrated  air,  \">/ 
pin  mnli  in  I'm  fallone  amoroso i  in 
Mozart's  \ <>    ■  dt  1  •  of  which 

several  clevei  \  it iationi  are  in<  oi - 
porated  n  iili  tin-  rondo.  \\  «•  are  far 
front  objecting  to  the  introduction  oi 

inch  a  masterpiece  of  military  c - 

position  in  Mr.  L.'i  military  con- 
certo; Mozart  himself  has  borrowed 
ii  again  in  bii  Don  Juan:  on  the 
contrarj ,  the  selection  docs  credit 
to  Mr.  li.'s  judgment.  The  whole 
of  the  concerto  appears  to  us  rather 
longer  than  what  we  know  from  ex- 
perience to  be  a  quantum  tujjicit 


i  i  the  usual  i''i|i  A  ,i  public 

nidi'  i  ;  which 

cause  o  sensation  ol  • n< 

ihei  cfore  bf  \  e  been  omitted  ot  cur- 
tailed, without  endangering  the  tex* 
furr  of  the  whold 

We  trust  the  mi  it  i  \  (••>  ,,|  thy  ,.  hi- 

did  statement  of  our  opinion  will 
not  be  misconceived  bj  the  authoc 

of  the  military   CODCeftO,    wlm  li    ifl 

many  rcsp  cts  merits  our  commen- 
dation as  ■  brilliant  performance, 
well  adapted  for  theamusement  and 
improvement  of  musi<  .il  students  ; 
.it  the  same  time,  that  ii  entitl 
to  hope  for  further  efforts  of  hi  > 
promising  pen. 


Fashions  FOR  LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN. 


PLATE   15. — PULL  onut. 

\V  ii  ii  i  s.iiin  dress,  w  ith  purple 
hotly,  and  long  sleeves  slashed  at 
the  top  ;  bows  of  purple  ribbon 
down  the  front.  Mantle  of  purple, 
lined  with  white  silk,  bordered  a ith 
gold,  and  edged  with  swansdown. 
Gold  net  cap  with  white  feathers. 

White    shoes,     gloves,      and     tan. 

Necklace,  ear-rings,  and  other  or- 
naments, of  gold. 

PLATE  1(3.  —  WALKING   DEE8S. 

A  tunic  of  lilac  silk,  clasped 
down  t Ins  front  with  gold  orna- 
ments; a  cloak  of  the  same  coloui 
attached,  so  as  to  unite  closely  be- 
hind, but  to  fall  loose  over  the 
shoulders ;  fixed  on  the  shoulders 
with  golden  ornaments  :  the  cloak 
is  lined  with  white  or  straw-colour  d 
silk,  and  ornamented  with  a  border 
of  gold.  Bonnet  and  boots  o(  the 
same  colour.  Raised  spotted  mus- 
lin under-dress,  with  loosi 
bound  at  the  arms  and  \\  rist,  Gold 
necklace,  and  Voik  tan  iilo\ 


0B1TBBAL    OBSB  if  \   ITIOBf, 

Red    cloaks   are   at    length   com- 
pletely abandoned,  and  are  congnr> 

dilate  our  lovely  readers  on  theil 
emancipation  from  the  mostdespotuj 
dn  -  that  evi  rwas  introduced  by  the 
whimsical  and  arbitrary  irodd. 
fashion.  The  writer  of  this  article 
[Midi'  ted,  on  their  first  appearance, 

at  a  colour  s.i  dis:nl  n  .i;;r  ;:;eous  to 
beauty,  could  never  become  preva- 
lent. "  Let  them,"  said  he,  "  en- 
wi  ip  themselves  with  an  imn 
blaze  of  red,  it  will  come  to  nothing 
at  last."  .\nd  so  it  ha •  turned  out : 
our  promenades  presented  uswitb. 
an  assemblage  ofpalli  I  and  ghastly 
spectn-s,  who,  though  u  forbidden 
to  fell    (L  ts    of  their   prison- 

house,''  cat;  ,t    with    them 

the  risible  signs  of  torture,  and  ap- 
peared ht(  d  in  flame. 

Pea-green  is  a  peneraHj 

introduced  in  s:,rir_r.  for  what  rea- 
son we  know  not.  except  it   be  in- 
tended to  luu:iiK>uizc  wnU  tu; 
K  k  8 


250 


FASHIONS    FOR    LADIES    AND    GENTLEMEN. 


dure  with  which,  at  this  season,  all 
nature  is  beginning  to  be  clothed, 
though  some  may  doubt  whether  a 
notion  of  harmony  ever  entered  the 
inventive  brain  of  a  fashionable 
dress-maker.  However  this  may  be, 
we  must  enter  our  decided  protest 
against  it ;  and  we  entreat  our  fair 
readers  not  to  adopt  a  colour  so  di- 
rectly in  opposition  to  good  taste, 
and  in  which  no  face  or  form,  be  it 
majestic  as  Juno,  or  beautiful  as 
Hebe,  can  ever  appear  with  advan- 
tage and  effect.  Lilac,  purple,  all 
the  varieties  of  blue,  with  the  still 
greater  varieties  of  grey,  are  open 
to  their  choice.  If  green  must  be 
selected,  let  it  be  the  deep  and  rich 
hue  of  the  Spanish  fly,  rather  than 
that  worst  and  vilest  of  all  colours, 
pea-green. 

Mr.  Adair's  treaty  with  Vac  Su- 
blime Porte  will  doubtless  introduce 
amongst  our  spring  fashions  a  pro- 
fusion of  Turkish  turbans,  Janizary 
jackets,  mosque  slippers,  and  a  thou- 
sand similar  whimsicalities;  all  of 
which  (provided  a  northern  coali- 
tion be  accomplished)  must  speed- 
ily give  way  to  Russian  cloaks,  hus- 
sar caps,  Cossack  mantles,  Danish 
robes,  &c.  &c.  so  that  by  the  setting 
in  of  the  dog-days,  our  ladies  will 
stand  a  chance  of  being  arrayed  in 
the  complete  costume  of  all  the  shi- 
vering nations  of  the  north.    Such 
is  the  capricious  system  introduced 
and  acted  upon  in  the  empire  of  the 
despotic  goddess  of  fashion !  When 
shall  the  dress  of  the  British  fair  be 
established    upon  the    simple  and 
unerring  principles  of  nature  ?  and 


when  shall  those  principles  be  adopt- 
ed as  the  barometer  of  good  taste  ? 
We  have  not  the  vanity  to  promise 
ourselves  the  complete  accomplish- 
ment of  these  objects,  but  to  that  end 
all  our  endeavours  shall  be  directed. 
Nothing  shall  appear  in  our  page* 
but  what  is  strictly  compatible  with 
good  taste,  so  that  while  we  disco- 
ver and  expose  errors,  we  will  not 
be  wanting  in  our  endeavours  to 
point  out  the  remedy. 


FASHIONS  FOR  GENTLEMEN. 

The  prevailing  colours  for  both 
dress  and  morning  coats,  are  dark 
blue,  olive,  and  bottle  green,  with 
silver  and  gilt  basket  buttons  ;  long 
waist  and  short  skirt  :  but  upon  the 
whole,  the  fashionable  coat  is  very 
short,  and  must  not  come  lower 
than  within  four  inches  of  the  knee. 
The  lappels  are  rather  long,  and 
come  even  with  the  hip  buttons. 
The  collar  is  made  high,  thinly- 
padded,  and  to  fall  backtwo  inches. 
The  dress  coat  has  round  cuffs 
without  buttons,  with  pockets  un- 
der flaps  :  the  morning  coat,  sleeves 
with  slits,  and  three  large  buttons. 
The  sleeves  are  worn  very  long. 

The  waistcoat  is  single-breasted  ; 
flaps,  with  small  regimental  skirts  ; 
the  collar  within  that  of  the  coat : 
it  is  made  of  striped  marcella,  of 
various  shades,  but  buff  colours  are 
the  most  fashionable.  Breeches,  of 
a  light  drab  colour,  made  rather 
long  and  tight.  For  pantaloons,  the 
stuffs  generally  worn  are  double- 
milled  stocking  and  Prince  of 
Wales's  striped  kerseymere. 


251 


I'..Air.  17,    TEMPLE  OP  THE  Ml  SE8,   I  ,N8B1  Rl  -SQI   \l:i 


Tun  magnificent  structure  is  si- 
tuated <ii  iIm  8.  w  .  corner  of  Fins- 
bury-square,  and  \\ ;t^  fitted  up  tor 
the  reception  oi  books  in  the  year 
J7fM.  The  dimensions  of  its  front 
in  <■  I  lo  leei  in  li  ngth,  ;ii)d  the  depth 
4o  feett  The  internal  arrangement 
of  the  building  is  perfectly  novel, 
containing  on  the  bate  a  ware-room, 
die  capaciousness  of  \\  hicti  ma}  be 
read  ill  conceived  from  die  <  ircum- 
itanceofthe  Weymouth  mail,  with 
four  horses,  ha\  Lng  actually  been 
driven  round  i(  al  the  time  of  its 
first  opening.  This  room,  which 
is  15  feet  in  height,  is  supported  by 

pillars   of  iron.      On    one    sidl 

distinct  offices  f<»r  counting-house 

business,    wholesale  COUnt rj    trade, 

and  a  department  for  binding,  ter- 
minating with  two  spacious  and 
cheerful  apartments  looking  towards 
rinsbury-square,  which  are  ele- 
gantly fitted  ap  with  glass  i 
inclosing  books  in  superb  bindings, 
as  well  as  others  of  ancient  printing, 

but  of  great  variety  and  value. — 
These  lounging  rooms,  as  they  are 
termed,  are  intended  merely  for  the 

accommodation  of  ladies  and  gen- 

tlemen.  to  whom  the  bustle  of  the 
ware-room  may  be  an  interruption. 
Solicitations  have  been  strongly  and 
frequently  made  to  confine  these 
rooms  io  the  purposes  of  a  sub- 
scription library,  a  plan  which 
would  no  doubt  be  highly  lucra- 
tive to  the  proprietors  ;  but  the  dis- 
appointment it  must  necessarily  oc- 
casion to  s  very  large  portion  of  the 
public,  has  determined  them  to 
continue  the  establishment  precisely 
on  that  free  plan  on  which  it  was  at 
first  formed.  In  the  center  of  the  ' 
ware-room  is  a  dome  terminating 


by  a  raised  cupola,  thro* 

into  the  gallerii  -  beneath,   four  in 

number,  whic  h  are  filled  U  ith  ' 
DOtfa  within  and  without,  the  I 

being  classed  according  to  Lheii  I  i- 

rious   subjects,    and    alphabetic  ally 

a  i  ranged. 

It  is  computed   that  not  less  than 

a  million  of  volumes  are  displ  I 
to  view  in  this  immense  bui  Id 
and  w  hen  it  is  observed  w  ith  w  hat  fa- 
cility the  demands  of  each  enquirer 
are  satisfied,  it  is  matter  of  astonish* 
menf  that  so  large  a  collection  i  in 
be  so  simplified  and  regulated. — 
The  book  elling  business  fa  ■ 
carried  on  in  its  most  extended  and 
varied  branches.  \  ]/.    the  pun  base 

and  publication  of  m  urn  icrij 
the  purchase  of  libraries — and  the 

sale  of  all  Kinds  of  new  arid  old 
books,  both  wholes  de  and  retail — ■ 
printing,  bookbinding,  &c. — The 
number  of  persons  employed  on  this 
lishment  as  clerks,  printers,  and 
binders,  always  exceed  an  hundred  ; 

and  in   times  of  a    free    continental 

:n  neai  i\  d  >uble, 
the  slock  having  been  formed  on  an 

ted  SC  de.  with  a  view  to  the 
supply  of  the  American  and  other 
foreign  markets. 

The  vast  quantity  of  books  cir- 
culated by  means  of  this  emporium, 
and  the  dissemination  of  literature 
promoted  thereby,  may  be  judged 
fromthe  cirenmstanceof  no  1>  m  i 
quantity  than  six  thousand  CO] 
of  the  Spectator,  and  the  like  num- 
ber of  the  works  of  °  iksj  eat  ad 
ot    Sterne,    forming   in  the  whole 

150,000 Volumes,  hai  in_r  been  print- 
ed by  this  bouse  in  one  uniform  im- 
>n,  and  a  dually     rid  within 
.  it  the  ave- 


252 


MISCELLANEOUS    FRAGMENTS    AND    ANECDOTES. 


rage  low  price  to  the  public  of  lit- 
tle more  thao  one  shilling  per  vo- 
lume, independent  of  a  variety  of 

oilier  editions  of  (he  same  works. 

it  may  be  in  the  recollection  of 
many  of  our  readers,  that  this 
establishment  owes  its  origin  to  its 
former  proprietor,  Mr.  James  Lack- 
ing-ton, a  man  of  singular  character, 
who,  without  (he  aid  of  a  regular 
education,  by  the  mere  force  of  na- 
tural talents,  strict  principles  of 
honour,  and  indefatigable  industry, 
raised  himself  from  a  station  of 
obscurity  to  that  of  independence. 
He  retired  some  years  since,  leav- 
ing the  business  to  his  relative  and 
assistants,  who  had  for  many  years 
materially  assisted  in  bringing  it  to 
its  present  state  of  perfection,  and 
who  are  too  well  assured  of  the  va- 
lue of  his  precepts  to  depart  from  a 
system  which  has  raised  them  to  so 
enviable  a  distinction. 

The  circumstances  attending  the 
origin  and  progressive  increase  of 
this  establishment,  have  been  de- 
tailed by  Mr.  James  Lackington, 
with  no  less  interest  than  fidelity,  in 
the  Memoirs  of  his  own  Life,  a 
work  which  has  passed  through 
many  editions,  and  which  certainly 
contains  much  interesting  inform- 
ation on  literary  subjects,  com- 
bined with  a  full  account  of  the 
author's  singularly  fortunate  career. 


The  annual  sale  of  books  at  this 
repository  almost  exceeds  calcula- 
tion: which  indeed  cannot  at  all  be 
wondered  at,  when  the  infinite  va- 
riety of  the  collection  is  considered, 
combining,  as  it  does,  books  in 
every  language  and  department  of 
literature  and  of  science,  both  new 
and  second-hand,  from  the  unique 
article  of  costly  value  to  the  lowest 
priced  school-book.  Hither  all 
classes  of  persons  resort  to  make 
their  purchases — the  merchant  for 
his  exports — the  learned  for  the 
object  of  their  several  studies — the 
collector  of  rare  books  to  obtain  ar- 
ticles which  cannot  elsewhere  be 
found — the  country  trader  with  his 
wholesale  orders — the  schoolmaster 
for  the  half-yearly  supply  of  his 
seminary — and  the  public  at  large 
for  the  casual  purchase  of  whatever 
may  arrest  their  attention,  or  inte- 
rest their  curiosity. 

The  annual  publication  and  ex- 
tended circulation  of  catalogues, 
has  tended  to  make  the  establish- 
ment known  throughout  the  civi- 
lized world  ;  and  the  spaciousness 
of  the  premises  invites  (he  observa- 
tion of  all  strangers  and  foreigners, 
who  seldom  fail  to  regard  the  Tem- 
ple of  the  Muses  as  one  of  those 
objects  which  grace  and  distinguish 
the  British  metropolis. 


■UMlULBlBWaUt 


the  cows,  Rachael  the  dairy-maid 

having  scalded  her  hands  in  so  bad 


MISCELLANEOUS  FRAGMENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 

Extract  from  the  Diary  of  the 
celebrated  Elizabeth  Woode- 
ville,  before  her  marriage  to 
Sir  John  (iuAV,  of  Groby ; 
preserved  in  MS.  in  Drum- 
mond  Castle*. 
Monday  morning — Rose  at  foui 


*  Lady 


-,  who  favoured  us  with 


this  extract,  omitted  the  date ;  but  it  must 

have  been  in  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth 

century,   and  probably  about  the  year 

o'clock,    helped  Catharine  to  milk  |l  I  t50.     The  John  Cray  here  mentioned 


HIIOELLAHBOUI    PnAGMBNTf!     I  N  i>    INECDOTES. 


3 


I  manner  the  night  before.     Wade 
;,  poultice  for  Rachael,  and 
Robin  a  penn)  to   el  net  something 
comfortable  from  the  apothecai  j . 

Six  o'clock— The  buttock  of  beef 
rather  too  much  boiled]  and  the 
beer  ;i  Little  of  the  stalest.— Mem. 
To  talk  i"  the  cook  about  the  first 
fault, and  (omend  Ihc second  m; 
by  tapping  a  fresh  l>  trrcl  directlj  . 

Seven  o'clock — Went  to  ^  >  1 1- 
a iili  the  lad)  my  mother  into  the 
eourt-yard  \  fi  'I  five-and-twentj 
i  ien  and  women —  chid  Roger  se- 
verely, for  expressing  some  ill-will 
;ii  attending  us  w  iili  broken  meat. 

Eifht  o'clock — Went  ini<»  the 
paddock  behind  the  house,  with 
my  maid  Dorothy;  canght  Thump 
the  little  policy  m\  self,  and  ro  le  a 
matter  of  si\  miles  without  bridle 

and  s;idillr. 

Ten  o'clock-— Went  to  dinner — 
John  Gray,  a  most  comely  youth, 
but  a  hat  is  that  to  me  ?  A  virtuous 
maiden  should  be  ent  in  l\  under 
the  direction  of  her  parents.  John 
eat  but  Little,  and  stole  ;i  great  many 

no  doubl  her  future  husband,  who 
fell  .it  the  battle  of  St.  Al  ban's,  In  I  10  ] . 
where  the  Lancastrian  party,  on  whose 
side  Ik;  fought,  was  victorious.  At  that 
period  she  bad  been  a  wife  long  enough 
to  have  had  several  children.     Her  -ul>- 

1  nt  history,  from  her  marriage  with 
lvlwanl  IV .  while  Warwick  was  abroad 

mat <  \\  betwei  n  that  m< 
inn  li  and  Bona  ol  Savoj ,  sisn  r  of  th< 
1  of  France ;  an  affront  which  in- 
duced that  high  spirited  nobleman  to  re- 
kindle the  fl  tm<  -   of  civil  war,  1-  wel 

■  1;  and  the  le  of  her  two  sons  In 
Edward,  who  are  o  mm<  nly  supposed  t«> 
have  been  smothered  in  the  Tower  1>\ 
order  of  Richard  111.  will  never  cease  to 
eacite  pity,  a-  lo  tg  ...  S  ..  ;speare  shall 
continue  to  be  ua  I. 


tc  nd<  1    looks  at  me  1    said  women 
would  ik\  1 1  be  h  01  Itomo  in  I 
iiIdii,  h  h'»  wei  .d  tempen  d  ! 

I  hope  raj  tempei  is  not  intolerable ! 
d\  finds  1 1  >ili  w iih  it  lint  R  •- 
■mi,  and  he  ia  the  most  di 
sen  ing  man  in  the  family  .     John 

likes  w hiic  teeth  •  in\  t< 
are  of  a  pretty  good  colour.    1 1 
my  hair  is  black  as  jet,  though  I 
ii :  and  John,  if  I  mistake  not, 
(In-  same  opinion. 

/.'',  .  1  a  u\  '■< '  Rote  from  ta!>le, 
the  company  all  desirous  ol  lal 
b  walk  in  the  fields.  John  f I 
would  lift  me  over  every  stile,  I 
tw ice  he  squeezed  mj  hand  a  itb  \  1  - 
heraence.  I  cannot  say  I  have  any 
objection  lo  John  Gray.     Me  phus 

at  prison  ban  as  well  as  an\   ol 

country  gentlemen,  is  remarkably 
dutiful  to  his  parents,  my  lord  and 
lady,  ami  never  misses  1  lunch  of  1 
Sundaj  . 

Three  o'clock — Poor  firmer    !{  )- 

binson's  house  burned  down  by  an 

accidental  Gre.  John  Gray  pro] 

a  subscription  among  the  company 

for  the  relief  of  the  fanner,  and 
no   le^s   than    four    pounds    himself 
with  this  benevolent  intent.  —  Mem. 
Never  saw   him  look  so   come'  . 

at  thai  moment. 

I'onr  <•'<  Jock — Went  to  praj 
Six  o'clock — Fed   the    hogs  and 

poultry. 

v   1 1 n  o'ch >ck — Supper  on  the  ta- 
ble :    del  i\  ed    lo    that    late  hour  on 

account  ol'  firmer  Robinson's  mis- 
fortune.—  Vr  m.   The  goose-pie  too 

much  baked,  and   the   pork  ro  I 

to  rags. 

.\/'//<  o'clock — The  company  half 

asleep:  these  late  hours  verj   disa- 

able.    S  i;d  mj  praj  ets  a  second 

time,    John   Gray  distracting  my 

{thoughts  too  much  the  first  time. 


554 


FASHIONABLE    FURNITURE. 


Fell  asleep,  and  dreamed  of  John 
Gray. 

MADAME    VILLARS. 

"When  the  husband  of  Madame 
de  Yillars,  mother  of  the  celebrated 
general,  was  ambassador  in  Spain, 
the  marchioness  observes,  in  a  letter 
to  her  friend,  Madame  deCoulanges, 
that  no  one  Mho  had  ever  been  in 
Spain  would  build  castles  there*. 

In  another  letter  she  tells  her,  that 
she  had  been  making  an  excursion 
on  the  river,  the  Man^anares,  but 
found  it  so  dusty>  she  was  obliged 
to  quit  it.  In  explanation  of  this 
apparent  hyperbole,  she  adds,  that 
the  river  consists  of  a  lew  little 
streams  of  water  here  and  there,  but 
not  sufficient  to  moisten  the  fine  sand 
on  the  borders,  which  is  raised  in 
clouds  by  the  feet  of  the  horses,  that 
draw  the  barges  along.  A  wit  ad- 
vised one  of  the  kings  of  Spain,  who 
had  built  a  long  and  fine  bridge  over 
it,  either  to  sell  his  bridge,  or  pur- 
chase a  river  for  it. 

REGNIER. 

James  Regnier,  a  physician  of 
Beaune  in  France,  who  flourished 
in  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  was  celebrated  not  only  for 
his  professional  skill,  but  for  his  ta- 
lents as  a  poet,  which  he  displayed 

*  In  Fiench,  building  caslles  in  Spain 
is  equivalent  to  our  expression  of  build- 
ing castles  in  the  air. 


chiefly  in  the  Latin  language.  He 
composed  many  little  pieces  in  verse, 
in  praise  of  the  king,  Lewis  XIII. 
and  among  the  rest  a  couplet,  that 
was  placed  under  a  portrait  of  him. 
As  the  pencil  of  the  artist  did  not  do 
him  much  credit,  a  wit  of  the  court 
observed,  that  "  the  poet  was  the 
best  painter." 

FATHER    AISEMENT. 

Father  Aisement,  of  the  order  of 
Minims,  having  the  office  of  Lent 
preacher.'some  of  his  doctrines  did 
not  please  a  bachelor  in  divinity,  of 
the  name  of  Thibault.  In  conse- 
quence of  thisthe young  divine  com- 
posed a  few  indifferent  verses,  in 
which  he  attempted  to  ridicule  the 
preacher  by  playing  on  his  name; 
and  employed  a  person  to  hand  them 
to  him  just  as  he  was  mounting  the 
pulpit.  The  reverend  father  took 
the  paper,  read  it,  and  said,  "  It  is 
from  a  poor  man  who  has  lost  his 
wits,  and  for  whom  the  prayers  of 
this  congregation  are  desired." 

BODONI. 

Bodoni,  the  celebrated  printer  of 
Parma,  told  M.  de  Creuze,  that  one 
day  a  captain  in  the  Austrian  ser- 
vice came  into  his  shop,  and  asked 
to  see  one  of  his  best  books.  Bo- 
doni put  a  Horace  into  his  hands, 
which  the  officer  had  the  patience  to 
examine  very  composedly,  leaf  after 
leaf,  from  the  beginning  to  the  end, 
and  then  said,  "  Who  is  Horace  V 


FASHIONABLE 

PLATE    19 

Is  a  representation  of  a  window- 
curtain,  the  design  of  Mr.  Allen  of 
Pall-Mail,  who  has  lately  submitted 
•to  the  public  some  of  the  most 
chaste  and  elegant  patterns  of  ca- 
licoes we  have  ever  seen. 

The  taste  displayed  by  him^  in 


FURNITURE. 

the  manner  of  forming  the  drapery, 
his  connection  of  the  most  vivid 
with  the  serenest  colours,  and  the 
tout-ensemble  of  the  production,  are 
equally  admirable.  We  are  happy 
to  see  the  classic  elegance  of  the 
ancients  revived  amongst  us. 
This  curtain  is  intended  as  anap- 


C|)e  3&eposttorp 

Of  Arts,  Literature,  Commerce,  Manufactures,  Fashions,  and  Politics. 

Manufacturers,  Factors,  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in  Fancy  Goods  that 
come  within  the  scope  of  this  Plan,  are  requested  to  send  Patterns  or  such  new 
Articles  as  they  come  out,  and  if  the  requisites  of  Novelty,  Fash  .on,  and 
Elegance  are  united,  the  quantity  necessary  for  tins  Magaz.ne  w.ll  be  ordered^ 

R.  Ackermann,  101,  Strand,  London.  JF"- ™" 


a  L]  i  001  w  AL  WO 


propriation  to  a  boudoir.   Itiicom-    justice  to  1 1 


poecd  of  i  ruby-<  olourcd  <  alico, 
enriched  Willi  .1  slur-like  figure  "I 
various  black  hue  •  li  ii  lined  w  ith 
a  newly  invented  print  of  an  aznre 
colour,  Btrictlj  re  tcmbling  i  8|  ur- 
ilk.  The  drapei  j  lias  a  Pci  lian 
silk   fringe  of  the  colour  of  gold, 

united  (it  ;i  imaU  portion  of  .sable. 
The     pole     Is-    suspended    by    silken 

cords  attachid  to  fashionable  metal 
pins.  i(  is  scarcely  necessarj  I" 
mention,  that  if  theapartment  to  be 

llins  decollated  has  several  windows, 

the  intervals  (,i  the  curtains 

be  Idled  up  by  ;i  continuation  of  the 
blue  silk  mantle. 

Ails  would  sillier  nilieli   in  public 

esteem  it  unconnected  with  a  pro- 
per display  of  their  perfections. — 
Curtains,  though  originally  invent' 

ed  for  Use  only,  bet  anie,  wilh  the 
improvements  <>f  Iiteratuie,  emblems 
of  representations  of  military  tents 
and  religious  veils.     The  former  is 

partly  intended  in  (he  present  in- 
stance. The  implements  of  uar 
nre  judiciously  placed,  and  shew 
that  the  interior  is  the  residence  of! 
a  chieftain.  It  is  impossible,  how- 
ever, that  a  print  should  do  perfect 


p'»\  .    \ 
thai   I 

tat  ion. 

In    no    (I 

Ins  the   •    .  rer  of  1 

been  moi  e    •  -  liduonslj    emplo . 

th:m  in  the  di  posit i  m  ot  dra] 

forwindo  other 

suitable  objei  Is.     I:  i 

and  the  light m  ss  oi  di   \»  ry   that 

have  puts! ion  I 

mows  scnlptoi  s  :    and   ind<  ed  their 

works  are  all  but  humble  imitations 

of  nature,  w  ho 

scale, todispo 

ease  almost    appiorichin  r   to   n 

gence.    It  ison  the  'ions 

that  the  heavy  and  cumbrous  objects 
offurniture  are  Lri\  inj  pi. a  e  to  airy 
and  light  designs.  The  largccornice, 
the  ponderous  mantle-piei  e,  i  n  I 
ma-s\  chair*.  \  ield  the  palm  to  mo- 
dem inventions  founded  on  the  tirui 
•  of  observation  of  nature. — 
Those  who  stud  j  ihis  unerring  mo- 
del, will  find  their  reputation  in- 
creased  in  proportion  as  they  p  1- 
vance. 


ALLEG01IK  AI,  WOOD-CUT,  WITH   PATTERNS  OF 

BRITISH   \1  \\i  FACT!  RE. 


Thc  pattern   Not  I.  and 9.  is  a 

new  description   of  furniture   cali- 
coes, anil  the  scarlet  colour  is  equal- 


ously   i  intrasti  .1  w  i;ii  blue 

design,    which    not   only   gives    it 

When  made  up  into  curtains  orbed- 


ly  novel  ami  striking,      lor   many  '   furniture)    an    extremely  rich    and 
years  genius  and   ingenuity  have    noble  appearance,  but  also  produoes 

been  employed  in  devising  the  best  ;  a  most  desirable  relief  to  the  malt 


means  of  producing  a  scarlet  dye  for 
calicoes  ;  ami  with  the  aid  of  p 
verance,  they    have  at   length  tri- 
umphed  in  achieving  SO  valuable  a 
discovery. 

In  this  stuff  the  scarlet  is  judici- 
No.  IV.    Vol.  I. 


and  burnished  gold  ornaments  which 
generally  accompany  them. 

This  splendid  article  i-  the 
nufacturc  oi  Mr.   \11  n.  wl        pri- 
vate ware-rooms  No.  61,  Pall-Mali, 

contain  a  great  va:iet\  of  the  most 
LI 


- 


rOETHV. 


beautiful  furniture  cottons  ever 
shewn  in  this  country,  after  new 
ami  chaste  designs  of  his  own  ;  and, 
as  we  understand,  at  very  reason- 
able prices. 

The  new  and  elegant  article,  No. 
5.  is  denominated  Scotia  silk,  from 
being   manufactured   in    Scotland. 
It  is  a  mixture  of  cotton  and  silk. 
The  extravagantly  high  price  of  the  j 
latter,  which  still  continues  on  the  ! 
advance,  must  render  an  economi-  I 
cal  article  like  that  before  us,  a  most 
desirable  object,  as  it  exhibits  all 
the  appearance  and  face  of  silk,  at 
very  little  more  than  half  the  price. 
It  is  half-yard  wide,  and  is  in  great 
request  for  pelisses  and  dresses.     It 


has  been  introduced  by  Mrs."  James, 
inventor  of  fashions  for  ladies, 
15,  New  Bridge-street,  Fleet-street, 
where  it  may  be  had  of  a  variety 
of  colours. 

No.  4.  a  spotted  muslin,  is  a 
very  fashionable  article  ;  it  is  either 
worked  by  the  hand,  which  of 
course  must  render  it  very  .ex  pen- 
sive ;  or,  like  the  pattern  exhibited 
in  our  work,  is  the  produce  of  the 
loom  ;  in  which  case,  it  comes  very 
little  higher  than  plain  muslin  of 
the  same  quality.  It  is  furnished 
us  by  Messrs.  T.  and  J.  Smith  and 
Co.  No.  34,  Tavistock-strcet,  Co- 
vent-garden. 


INSCRIPTION 

Written  for  the  House  of  Northumber- 
land. 
By  the  Author  of"  The  Address  to  an  Infant." 

Dread  ministers  of  him  whose  will  re- 
strains 
The  mad'ning  whirlwind,  or  lets  loose  its 

rage, 
To  tear  the  vexed  billows  from  their  beds, 
And  dash  them  furious  with  their  foam  to 

heav'n, 
To  drown  the  muttering  clouds,  and  with 

their  roar 
To  outbrave  the  thunder  in  its  wrath  pro- 

vok'd ; 
Or  who,  submiss  at  his  almighty  word, 
L'nchain  the  earthquake,  that  convulsive- 
heaves 
Some  sin-devoted  land,  and  ruin  drear 
Spreads  o'er  its  surface  ;  or  if  greater  ends 
Fngage  you,  and  at  his  behest  you  come 
To  urge  the  fall  of  empires,  and  the  globe 
To  revolutionize  and  mould  anew, 
Producing  general  change — ye  angels, 

say, 
Shall  nature's  conflicts,  or  the  wilder  war 


Of  human  passions,   crush  the  hallow'd 

dome 
That  lifts  its   tow'rs  illumin'd  with  the 

beams 
Of  hearts  rejoicing !  with  the  widow's 

prayer ! 
The   orphan's   playful   laugh !    the   old 

man's  smile ! 
And  all  the  wealth  of  Charity ! — Oh  !  no  ! 
Commission'd  sure  to  spare,  well  pleas'd 

you'll  stop 
To  mark  the  favour'd  spot,  and  then  sub- 
lime 
Pass  on  to  execute  your  awful  charge. 
Northumberland,   such   the   eternal 

strength 
Of  thy  God-guarded  race,  while  they, 

like  you, 
Protect,  and  love,  and  venerate  the  poor. 


SENSIBILITY, 

Whether  conducive  to  Happiness. 
The  heart  can  ne'er  a  transport  knovr 

That  never  knew  a  pain: 
The  point  thus  settled  long  ago, 

The  present  question 's  vain, 


Who'd  wi  ii  to  trav«  I  lift  '■  dull  roandj 

I  'mn<>\  'd   |i\    p. mi  01    pll    I    'H  ' 

Ti    reasoi     task  to  Ml  the  bound, 
And  keep  thera  both  in  measun  • 

I  In      hue,  \\  ho  M  illi  fill   6   |>ii  h  n<  I 

I  .ii  Ii     i!    • 
Thinks  wan*  o(  Feeling  proi  e    hi 

Yet  fi  el    ind  fume  ai  ti  ifli    ; 
And  he  who  t  iinlj  \»<  >  il  -  the  h-.ni 

I'ihk  liM  bj  i  m  ii  tale  "i  uni  , 
Forb(  i  the  friendly  pai i. 

Thai  tendi  i  bear!  to  shew . 
'I'll'  unfeeling  h<  irl  can  nei  er  km  i 

B]  cold  indifference  guarded, 
The  joy,  the  transport,  which  will  flow 

Prom  1"^  e  and  ti  uth  rewarded. 
True  sensibility  we  find 

Sharee  in  another's  grief, 
Ami  pity  yield*  the  generous  mind 

Prom  sympathy  relief. 
Yei  there  an  ilU  the  feeling  In  ai  I 

Can  never,  never  b< 

I  nable  to  lupporl  the  smart, 

'  \'\-  driven  to  despair. 
Tlie  point  discuss'd,  we  find  this  rule, 

A  rule  both  true  and  sad, — 
Who  feels  too  little  is  a  fool, 

Who  feels  too  much  is  mad. 

Sigma  Tau. 


\\  i  ill.  n    l.y        I 

Ii   i.l    ..I     I     id]    III    UMim 

Dull 

I  » todust  tfa 

lies, 

I 

lOOUj   ti     I  >       I    i,   .    mo|e     III      \\\  . 

be  h 
In  spri  II  . 

••ri" 
Thn  i        er-G 
I  \inl  each  diw  overs  ill  th  ii  I > 

Thus     N' . » t  ■  1 1  r*    lend-, 

lie.    | 

Surviving  worth,  tocomforl  and  to  | •'■ 


LINES 

ON    Till  I     OP    MRS.     Dl  FF. 

Strangsb,  or  friend,  in  tins  faint  sketch 

behold 
An  angel's  figure  in  a  mortal  mould  ! 
In  human  beauty  though  the  form  ex- 

eelPd, 
Each  feature  yielded  to  the  mind  it  held. 

Heav'n  claim'd  the  spark  of  its  ethereal 

flame, 
And  earth  return'd  it  spotless  BS  it  came. 
So  die  the  good,    the  beauteous,   and    the 

kind. 
And.  dying,  leave  a  l(  SSOn  to  mankind. 

C.J, 


I  l.K.l  \<    STANZAS, 

Writ  I,  j,  ut'l.r  the  D'lH  I  s  i, 

l)<    I    to    (lie     Mr \     .,'     ill.     I  ,|.      | 

Gen  ill  Sti  Jobs  Moo!  I 

\\  hi  \  wi  Tied  soldiei  i   ink  to  sleep, 
How  swe<  tly  soft  their  slumbers  I  • 

And  -vw  it  is  death  to  those  u  bo  u« 
To  tho-e  w  bo  WI  ep  and  long  to  die. 

Saw  you  the  hero'-  hapless  bed  ? 
.\<>  marble  decks  his  bleeding  bn 

'Tis  there  I  wish  to  lav  m\    he  id. 

And  with  iln>  martyr  sleep  at  n 

No  tears  embalm  his  |  •  mb. 

Savi  the  soA  d<  ws  by  twilight  gr 
N     ighs  disturb  the  silent  gloom, 

Hut  in  the  u  bisp'ring  u  inde  of  hi  av*n. 
And  shall  we  thus  our  Mootl  disn 

\\  ho  for  bis  country  bravelv  bled  ? 
And  tell  to  ages  nought  bul 

That  "  Hi  i-  number'd  with  thedi 
No  !    let  the  sculptur'd  marble  tell, 

The  patient  tods,  and  battles  won, 
That  he  in  freedom'-  conflict  fell, 

When  England  lost  a  fav'rite  -on  ! 
Siulbmy.  .!.  H    II. 

♦  Dstekess  of  St  ...  otc, 

au«J  Mi*   Dalrymplr 


i?5S 


MARRIAGES  AND  DEATHS, 
Arranged  in  the  Alphabetical  Order  of  the  Counties. 


Bedfordshire  —  Died.]  At  Cockayne 
Hutley,  Airs.  Peel e.— At  Sandy  Place,  Sir 
Philip  Monoux,  Bart. 

Berkshire. —  Married.]  The  Row  T.  G. 
Tyndale,  to  Miss  Earle,  of  Swallowfield 
Place. 

Died]  At  Abingdon,  Miss  Hannah  Tom- 
kins. 

Cambridgeshire. —  Died.)  At  Weston 
Coh'illc,  Michael  Houghton,   esq 

Cheshire.— Mat-rial.]  .At  Astbury,  John 
Antrobus,  Esq.  of  Cbeani,  Surrey,  to  .Mrs. 
Bence,  of  London 

Died.]  At  Tarvin,  Cheshire,  Mr.  John 
Knott,  aged  1    _• 

Cornwall. — Died.]  At  Pendennis  Castle, 
Mr.  Brailsford,  assistant-surgeon  of  the 
North  II;. i. is  Militia. — At  Antron  Lodge,  near 
Helston,  Mrs  Rogers,  wif<  of  Capt.  Rogers. 
— At  Truro,  Serjt.  M'Crow,  ofthe  13th  Light 
Dragoons— The  R.  :v.  W.  H.  Reynell,  vicar  of 
St.  Anthony,  Mene:  ge. 

Cumberland. —  Carried]  At  St.  Bees, 
C.  Williamson,  Esq.  t<>  Llizabeth,  only  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  John  Tiiss-.H,  Esq. 

Died.]  At  Carlisle,  Mrs.  Eliz  Jackson,  86. 

Devonshire. —  Married.']  At  Prince  Town, 
Dartmoor,  W.  Dorey,  Esq.  to  Miss  E.  Smith. 

Died.]  At  Exeter,  MissWoolmar. — At  Brad- 
niucb,  H.  Bowdtn,  esq.  aged  75. — At  Ply- 
mouth, Mr.T.G.  Williams,  assistant  surgeon 
to  the  second  royal  veteran  battalion  — Lieut. 
T.  Shaw,  of  his  majesty's  ship  Mediator. — 
At  Uptime,  the  Rev.  N.  Vere,  rector  of  that 
place. — At  Exmouth,  Henry  Chohnley,  esq. 
of  Howsham,  Yorkshire,  aged  6l. 

Dorset. —  Married.]  At  Ormington,  near 
Weymouth,  T.  P.  Luscombe,  esq.  to  Aliss 
Wood.— At  Cranbonrne,  W.  White,  esq.  to 
Miss  Stilliugfleet. 

Died.]  At  Poole,  Airs.  Dowland,  in  her 
100th  year. 

Essex. — Died.]  At  Colchester,  Mrs.  Anne 
C  Dudley,  aged  07.— At  Hadleigh,  A.  Her- 
ring, esq. 

Gloucestershire. — Married."]  At  Chel- 
tenham, Fred.  Whalley,  esq.  to  Miss  Buxton. 

Died.)  Al  Cheltenham,  Mrs.  Bos  well,  re- 
lict of  J.  BosweU,  esq.  and  sister  of  the  late 
Karl  of  Bellamont.— At  Berkley,  S.  Trueman, 
esq. — Miss  Marklove — At  Stone,  near  Berk- 
ley, Mrs.  Taylor. — At  Tewkesbury,  Miss  Mires. 
Hampshire.  —  Married]  At  Huckfield 
Place,  Sir  Arthur  Paget,  K.B.  to  Lady  Au- 
gusta (lat< )  Boriu 

Died.]  Al  Winchester,  at  the  house  ofthe 
Rev  Dr  Rennell,  .Miss  Scott— At  Andover, 
Dr.  John  Hemming — At  Portsmouth,  Mrs. 
Smith,  wife  of  G.  Smith,  esq,  clerk  of  the 
a  of  the  dock-yard.— At  Newport,  Isle 
of  Wight,  .Airs  Dennett. 

Hertfordshire.— Married^  At  East  Bar- 
net,  .!.  Smith,  to  the  second  daughter  of  J. 
s,    esq    of  Batti  1 
Died.]    AtHitchin,  Wm.  Carter,  esq. — At 

indri  Ige  Lodge,  the  lady  of  G.  Sullivan,  esq. 
lefordshire.— Married.]  At  Dillwyn, 
Mr.  Ban-ow,  of  Leominster,  to  Miss  Bowcn' 


S 


Died.]  At  the  rectory  of  Donington,  Mrs. 
Jenkins. — At  Leominster,  Mrs.  Duppa,  78. 

Kent. — Died.]  At  Ramsgate,  Miss  Thorpe, 

only  daughter  of  Lady  Susan  Drew,  aged  17. 

The  Earl  of  Dunmore  :  he  is  succeeded  in  his 
titles  and  estates  by  Viscount  Fincastle. — At 
Chatham,  Lieut  Halifax,  of  the  Royal  Artil- 
lery Drivers — At  Canterbury,  B.  Kelly,  esq. 
— At  New  Romney,  the  Rev.  Mr.  W.  Fowle, 
rector  of  Ivy  church  and  Burmarch. — At  El- 
tham,  F.  Lawrence,  LL.  D.  M.  P.  for  Pe- 
terborough, and  King's  Professor  of  Civil  Law 
in  the  University  of  Oxford. — At  Harbledown, 
T.  Benson,   Esq. 

Lancashire.  —  Died.]  At  Manchester, 
Lieut.  Hibbert,  ofthe  40th  regiment. — At  Li- 
verpool, R.N.  Dah,  esq.— Mr.  W.  Rathhone, 
—At  Rochdale,  G.  T.  B.  Drake,  esq. — The 
Rev.  Thos.  Messenger,  of  Overton.  He  was 
drowned  id  the  river  Lnne. — At  Lancaster,  R. 
Parkinson,  AL  D. 

Leicesterrshire.— Died.]  At  Hinckley, 
Mr.  F.  Slapleton,  second  son  of  Major-Gen. 
Stapleton. 

Lincolnshire. —  Married.]  At  Louth,  Air. 
T.  West,  to  Aliss  Diana  Uvedale. — At  Brad- 
ley, near  Grimsby,  Tbeophilus  Harneis,  jun. 
esq.  to  Aliss  Nicholson. 

Died.]  At  Louth,  Mrs  Catherine  Reynolds, 
aged  81. — Mrs.  Eliz.  Sissons,  aged  72. — Airs. 
Hodgson,  aged  79. — At  Boston,  Miss  Mew- 
burn,  eldest  daughter  of  F.  Mew  burn,  esq.  of 
Whitby,  Yorkshire. 

Middlesex  — Married.]  In  London,  T.  E. 
March,  esq.  of  the  Ordnance  Office,  Tower, 
to  Miss  Jordan,  second  daughter  ofthe  cele- 
brated Mrs.  Jordan— At  Chelsea,  the  Rev. 
Charles  Augustus  North,  third  son  of  the  Bi- 
shop of  Winchester,  to  Miss  Rachel  Jarvis. — 
Reader  Clarke,  esq.  of  Rider,  Isle  of  Wight, 
to  Miss  Martha  Douglas  Pinkern,  youngest 
daughter  of  Sir  J.  Pinkern. — At  Mary  "-!«•- bone, 
Captain  Woodley  Losack,  R.  N.  to  Miss  Gor- 
don.— The  Hon  and  Rev.  James  St.  Leger,  to 
Miss  Catherine  Williams. — Captain  Gosselin, 
R.  N.  to  Miss  Hadsley. — Captain  Francis  F. 
Staunton,  of  the  Bombay  Military  Establish- 
ment, to  Aliss  Neeld. 

Died.]  In  St.  James's  square,  London,  Capt . 
Carrutbers,  Brigade  Major  to  General  Crau- 
fu  d,  aged  35. — In  Cadogan  place,  the  Dow- 
ager Lady  Ashburton. — At  the  Clarendon  ho- 
tel, Bond  street,  Mrs.  Jaequier. — Mrs.  Fou- 
quier,  sister  to  Lady  Vernon. — Airs.  Delaval, 
aged 79. —  In  Upper  Wimpole  street,  Lady  Do- 
rothy Fitzwilliam,  sister  to  Earl  E. — InGower 
street,  Mrs.  Eleanor  Aickin,  wife  of  Francis 
Aickin,  esq. — In  Grosvenor  street,  Mrs.  Eliz. 
Baker. — In  Little  street,  James's  street,  Thos. 
Harrison,  esq.  of  Wolverhampton,  Bucks, 
aged  75. — In  Berner's  street,  Airs.  Pleston. — 
In  Great  Russell  street,  W.  Lynch,  esq.  of 
the  island  of  Madeira. — In  St.  James's  place, 
Lieut.  Gen.  AI01  daunt,  aged 78. — Mrs.  Corne- 
wall,  relict  of  the  late  C.  Wolfran  Cornewall, 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons. — In  St. 
James's  place,  Arthur  Ornisby,  esq.  a  Lieut. - 
General  in  the  army,  and  Lieut.   Colonel  of 


.M   Mlftl   \',l>     ASH     111    \  I  It-. 


tin  t.ili  Dragoon  ' I       in   Bi  aton  street, 

iIh-   BariofOrford      in  Dcvonehire  place,  >< 

i  on  i  qxu  in  '■   "i    i   a  ound  ■  •  •!  i  '    ■   'Iim  l, 

I I  \  iscount  PaJkland      At  Enfli  Id,  Ki<  bard 

Gough,  <  'I    a  gentleman  well  known  In  the 
literary  and  antiquarian  world,  and  who 

teniae  erudition   "■ il)    excelled   ii\    tbi 

irorthof  hisprirato  cbaractei  — AtBrompton, 
Mrs   Rolleston 

Nun   in  k      Died      M  Rolleabj  Hall,  Mi 
Mapea    -At   Norwich,   Hi      Mar)    Hennaat, 

HN  il   Ml 

Noi  i  in  m  111  it  i  *  ■  i)  Worried  It  Hough 
ton  u-  Spring,  W  Maude,  eaq  i»  Miaa  II  J 
\\  ilkinaon 

Died  |  At  Benton,  Mite  Jemima  B  jge,  aged 
21. — At    Newcaatle,    Miaa  .1    9    M'Murdo 
■\Ii      Dixon,  aged  80    -At  Alnwick,  Nathaniel 
I  )..v     mi,  1  i|    .i_-.  'I  7  1 

Northampton imiii — Died.]  \i  Daven- 
ti  \ ,  ( larke  W  atkin,  1  -'i 

(  >\  1  ouiimi  1  III  Ih,  ■/  1    At   \<  ithoi  ;i.  in   1 

Banbury,  Richard  Williams,  « - ■  1  At  Bit 
t.i.  Mi  r  Weetear,  late  an  eminent  farmer 
ami  grasier,  aged  Si  \i  Hill  House,  near 
Souldern,  Mr.  T.  Weatcar,  first  conain  to  the 
preceding,  aged  54  \i  Williamacot,  John 
LoTcday,  D  C   L    aged  ■<< 

Shropshire — Married.]  At  Shrewsbnry, 
<i  Chadwick,  eaq.  to  Harriet,  daughtei  <ii 
IV    ('oo|icr,  esq. 

Dull]    At  <  .  1 1 1  u  1 1 1 1  ■  \ ,    near  Bridgnorth,  T 
Turner,  esq    one  of  the  just ic  1  of  the  peace 
for   the  county  — At    Biahop'a  Castle,    Mi 
Gwilliam,  aged  n-i — -At  Lydbnrj  North,  Mr. 
\\  ilson,  aged  107. 

Somsrsxtshiri.— Married.]    At   Bath,  J. 

Ormabj  Vaadelenr,  < --'i    Colonel  »>t"  tin-  19th 

1  his,  to  .Miss  Catharine  Glasse.— Thos. 

Brooks,  eaq    of  Lowdon,  to  Mrs    West. — At 

Bvercreech,  John  Bradshaw,  eaq.  to  Miaa  C 

Smith 

Dirti.}  At  Bath,  P  M.i";.,  esq  late  one  of 
tin-  Baruni  of  the  Irish  Court  of  Exchequer, 
aged  86.—  At  \\  ireliscombe,  Martha  \N .  bber, 
ajf<il  169  —  At  Briatol,  E  .loins,  eaq.  —  At 
Clifton,  \v.  Vni,  esq    aged  48. 

Staffordshire. —  /•  At  Newcaatle 

ander  Lyne,  R.  Griffin,  1  .| 

m  iini.lv. — Died.]  At  Bury,  tin  Rei  1' 
BarnwetV.— At  (11111112:.  Mr.  Richard  Kecble, 
aged  83       it  Parhani,  Mra  I".  Bewer,  aged  9s 

Mint's  — -JVarrii  At  Lambeth  Palace, 
Lieut.  (HI  Townaend,  to  Miss  Scott,  only 
daughter  of  the  Right  Hon  Sir  w  Scol 
Putney,  c.  Hammersley,  .  -.|  to  Mi  a  Emih 
Thompson. — At  Camber*  1 II,  T.  Sindrei ,  esq. 
to  Miaa  I".   Rowley. 

Ai  Kennington,  Dr  .1    Andrews, a^ed 
7- — At    Prior  House,  Richmond,    I" 
esq. — At  Clapham,  Mary  Anne,  eldest  (laugh 
ter  of  R.  Dewar,  esq    -Mrs   E.  Thorn-, 
nil,  aged 79.-    Vi   StockweU,  Bryan   Barrett, 
« s<| — Ai  Croydon,  .1    Partridge, esq    a* 

Si  rai  \      />.    I  At  the  barracks,  neai  I 
Adjutant  Walker,  of  i hi  Bad  Foot  — At  Beau-  . 
port,  Mrs   Read,  wife  of  J.  R   Hi 
sister  to  Sir  J.  B.  Barges. — At  Brighton,  Mr 


1 

"I  <   •■1011 \  1  •  I 

li  < •  1 1  ■_■ ,    ill'.  ni.l 

\\   ^  it  WICRSHIEI  /' 

■  li  11,    M         '  . 

w  1 1  1  -11 1  it  1       Ti        \  M       \ 

Rothwell   -At  A  In 

\\  .mi  1    1 
linn  .li  |i  on,  to  Mi      M    • 

Died. J    At   On  I  \  1 

•  \   H ,  !'•:.  1  Dal  •  1,  <    'i       AM 

ley,  the  Re*    1    (  •  ■■<  ■ 

IORRSHJRI  •  '.  '     H 

It.  x    1    Grab  im, 

I.,  ..I  id.  1 .1,   n,    Pa 

im,  eaq.  toM       I  VI 

Tin  m  1 ,  <  >|  to  Sophia,  1  im  '1 .1 1" 

I. it.  .1    I  oljambt  .  -   'i       Vi  II.  :o  »..,  1  ii, 

w    Mm ,    mi,  1  •(    :  .  Jsjw     i.nl;.  daaghl 

:  In  Rt  v    1   Simp 

/ .  -         \\  \\  adwoi , i.,    \|        Dixon,  a 
1I1.    It.  v      IIP     .....    -At   \  oik,    M       1 
aged  i'i  — At    l< ipon,    S    I 
alderman  of  that   corp  ,  — *  t 

1  tii,    S  irah    1  On  t!i« 

■ame  day,  and  at  the  same 
ton,  aged  105  \i  B  Afi 
aged  li  1  — \i  Buebj  Hall,   H    Marwoed,*  .| 

St  "  1  1  \  l  i>  t    Men  button 

Hall,  C,  Campbell,  esq    jun    <>f   Com 
Mi^  C.  G    Napii  _lit.  1  of  thr 

Hon.  C.  Napier. 

1  1.    ids,  on  board  II.  M  I 

.1  '.      lllllllr 

Ireland-  it  I  Hi. 

count)   of    i '       ,   ;,    H     Dod  .|    of 

Dublin,    to  I.  J.   French, 

i'-i|        ol    <    .11. 

ria,  si  cond  dangbtci  Of  the  I.' •  •■    ;  • 

of  Castli     ' :  ougla  .    Northamptonshire 

<  ork,  <  apt   W    Serte,         Misi    1:   Morerll  — 

In  Pi'  M   r- 

garel    Dexter — Tbi   i;  »    .1     1  tylor,  1 

E  1  urran,  youngi  -(  d  uigbti  1  •  •,  tm    • 

of  the  1 

Died.]   At  Rufl 
Rei    < >    Flood  — A  t  >1 

Cork, .'   T.  S.  Bleaiub  1  .  ,  Ur. 

I 

Journal  — A  hi 

\! ,  -    <      Bettcsa  orth  » 

of  Pulilin,  A.  Ha 
il.    county,  a^ed 

^   u.n  —  '  ;  ;  \l     I 

marthenshire,  J.  .'    \ .  ,1\,  eaq    !■• 

'  1  At  Card  ton  Lloyd  — At 

—  \t 
.,  <  apt.  W.  Men*  ',   R    ^ 

id  I     On  his  p  ,1  <  o- 

l  ol   the   1  ".tii 

poona 

- 
I  i !         a !,  a  firee  !•:  ■    .         1 

■     S 


260 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  BANKRUPTCIES  AND  DIVIDENDS. 


BANKRUPTCIES. 

Tlir  Solicitors'  Names  arc  between  Parent  lines. 

Atkinson  S  Newcastle  upon  Tyne,  insu- 
rance broker    (Atkinson,  Chancery  lane 

Ball  J.  Now  Sarum,  Wilts,  victualler  (Amor 
and  Nichols,  Southampton 

Baxter. I.  Sheffield,  edge-tool  manufacturer 
(Wilson,  Hatton  garden 

Bayley  W.  Burnham,  Essex,  l>ont  builder 
(Mawley,  Dorael  street,  Salishury  square 

Bayley  S.  and  T.  Bayley,  Hanwell  Heath, 
Middlesex,  chandlers  (Benton,  Union  street, 
Soutba  ark 

Bird  W.  Stone,  Stafford,  and  E.  Holloway, 
Broad6eld,  late  of  Stourport,  Worcester,  boai 
builder     (Begg,   1 1  a  Hon  Garden 

Brace  .las.  Deptford,  dealer  and  chapman 
(Searle,  Child's  place,  Temple  Bar 

Bradley  Edw.  the  cider,  Bromley,  Middle- 
sex, Baker  (Nceld  and  Flodgate,  Norfolk 
street,  Strand 

Breakspear  John,  Oxford  street,  silversmith 
(Batchelor  and  Potts,  Serjeant's  inn,  Fleet  st. 

Broadfield  Edw.  Holloway,  Stourport,  Wor- 
cester, boat  builder    (Begg,   Hatton  garden 

Bromley  Win.  Garnaham,  and  R.  Smith, 
Bisbopsgate  street,  auctioneers  (Adams,  Old 
Jewry 

Brooks  J.  late  of  Sheffield,  but  now,  or  late 
of  St.  John  street,  West  Smithfield,  hardware- 
man     (Batty,  Chancery  lane 

Brown  J.  Manchester,  innkeeper  (John- 
ston and  Bayley,  Manchester 

Burt  W.  Colyton,  Devon,  money  scrivener 
(Sampson,  Colyton,  and  Warry,  New  inn 

Butcher  Win.  Chicksand  street,  Mile-end 
New-town,  builder  (Burt,  John  st.  Cmtched 
Friars 

Charles  John,  Tregare,  Monmouth,  timber 
dealer     (Harris,   Monmouth 

Clancy  J.  Tottenham  Court  road,  provision 
merchant     (Shearman,  Hartst.  Bloomsbury 

Clarke  A.  Newport,  Isle  of  Wight,  dealer 
and  chapman  (Catty  and  Haddon,  Angel  ct. 
Throgmorton  street 

Cooper  D.  Stockport,  Chester,  hat  manufac- 
turer    (Baxter  and  INI artin,  Furnival's  inn 

Cotton  J.  Coventry,  builder  (Inge  and  Car- 
ter, Coventry 

Cowlell  Wiiliam,  Manchester,  stonemason 
(31iliie  and  Parry,  Temple 

Crane  T.  Preston,  Lancaster,  ironmonger 
(Avison,  Liverpool 

Dalton  T.  Mitchara,  Surrey,  shopkeeper 
(Fisher,   Belt  square,   Foster  lane,  Cheapside 

Dempsey  W.  and  J.  Acraman,  Bristol,  tai- 
lors (Edmunde,  Exchequer  office  of  Pleas, 
Lincoln's  inn 

Dobson  P.  Claughton,  Lancaster,  cotton 
spinner  (Dewhurst,  Preston,  and  Barrett-, 
Holhorn  court,  Gray's  inn 

Draper  T.  City  road,  Shorcditch,  surgeon 
(Wilson,   Devonshire  street,  Bishopsgate  St. 

Finch  J.  C.  Russell  court,  Drury  lane,  tavern 
keeper     (Bowes,  Clifford's  inn 

Firroin  Peter,  Deedham,  Essex,  money  scri- 
vener    (Woodgate,  Golden  square 


■  r  R.  High  street,  Bloomsbury,  cheese' 
moug  r  (Wilde,  Warwick  square,  Newgate  st 

Garner  Joseph,  Thetford,  Norfolk,  hatter 
Bonsfield,   Boui ei  ie  street 

George  •'  (  arburton  street,  Fitzroy  square, 
horse  dealer  (Ellis,  James's  street,  Bucking- 
ham  p;aie 

Gibson  !{.  II.  Windsor  place,  city  road,  and 
Wolf  Benjamin,  late  of  the  same  place,  but 
now  at  Gibraltar,  or  in  parts  beyond  the  seas, 
jewellers     (Coote,   Austin  Friars 

Gilpin  J.  Eist  Tcignmoutb,  Devon,  vic- 
tualler  (Boutilowcr,  Devonshire  street,  Queen 
square 

Gregory  J.  Haverhill,  Suffolk,  baker  (Cut- 
ting, Bartlet's  buildings,  Holboru 

Grew  G.  Waltham  Cross,  Hertford,  tailor 
(Thomas,  Fen  court,  Fenchurch  street 

Guerney  John,  Acre  lane,  Brixton  Casway, 
Surrey,  carpenter  (Godmond,  New  Bridge 
slier:,   Blackfriars 

Haity  L.  Watford,  Herts,  silk  throwster 
(Fairley,  New  square,  Lincoln's  inn 

Harwood  William,  Tiverton,  Devon,  black- 
smith (Blake  and  Son,  Cooke' s-court,  Carey- 
street 

Hatton  T.  Colford,  Gloucestershire,  mercer 
(James,  Colford 

Heslop  W.  Long-acre,  man's  mercer  (Sweet, 
Furnival's  Inn-court 

Hilliar  II.  Haymarket,  umbrella  -  maker 
(Bngby,  Symond's  Inn 

Hodsol  A.  Sheerness,  linen-draper  (Bour- 
dillon  and  Hewitt,  Little  Friday  street 

Hodson,  W.  Manchester,  cottou-manufac- 
turer  (Cooper  and  Low,  Southampton-build- 
in  gs 

Holt  J.  Salford,  Lancaster,  dyer  (Ellis, 
Cursitor-strect 

Hunt  S.  J.  Norwich,  Dufficld,  manufacturer 
S  igers,  Great  St.  Helen's 

Ingram  J.  Great  Leaver,  Lancashire,  inn- 
keeper (Cooper  and  Low,  Southampton- 
buildings 

Jackson  J.  Leicester,  hosier  (Burbridge, 
Leic<  ster 

Jackson  J.  Farnham,  Surrey,  surgeon  (Pal- 
let, ironmonger-hall,  Fenehureh-street 

Jennings  J.  Wendlebury,  Oxford,  brewer 
(Walford,  Bicester 

Jones  J.  Gloucester,  cyder-merchant  (Jen- 
kin<,  J.iques,  Abbot  and  Co.  New  inn 

Jones  T.  Liverpool,  builder  (Shepherd  and 
Adlington,  Bedford-row 

Knott  R.  Wyndenham,  Norfolk,  shopkeeper 
(  P  res  land,  Brunswick-square 

Knowlton  C.  Bristol,  linen-draper  (Syddall, 
Aldersgate-street 

Lamb  W.  Dudley,  Worcester,  victualler 
(Gabell,  Lincoln's  inn 

Laxton,  J.  Exeter,  linen-draper  (Bennet, 
Dean's-court,  Doctors'  Commons 

Lord  L.  Longsight,  Manchester,  cotton* 
manufacturer  (Partington,  Manchester 

Lord  H.  Mam  luster,  dealer  in  cotton  twist 
(Milue  and  Parry, Temple 

Lyon  Wolfe,  Denzell-strcet,  Clare-market, 
glass-merchant  (Henson,  Dorset-street,  Salis- 
bury-square 


B  \  N,  K  ••  !    PI  I)     D!  VII.  I.  s  Dl. 


,M.i.  bride  \   I  i ■• '  i  pool,  i"  rfi  ■>■  i     N 
Jobn  street,  Bed 

M    in-     '       Bl 

■  in  1 1,  Bloom  bin  \ 
iM;ul.  Philip,  Plymouth  Do  ' 

Marl     II    H-   h  »ti     i      '   ' 
I  I 

,    ii    \ 
i  Bourilillon 
1  iilr 

M.i.-i  i  .  i     Bii  im,  •  orda  B 

h.I  M.u  im,   I        livul 
\l  •  thewi   M    D     ! 
tin  qui  i  (  Mln  •  o  Km 

Mawdsle)  •'    ' '        kirk,    I 

..  ii 
.Mill. inn,    W.     I 
dington  and  H  cc,  T<  mple 

.Mil;   ii<. 
I!     \".  ...ii  .    VVuiufoi  ri 

Nea  port   B  Gill  itrct,  L'u 

(l  I         I   .1.  -I  ,  .   i     ,        I  t'lUOl     -In  >  i,     < 

.x « n t ■  : >  '.    I  Bal- 

i         I. .dl 

P  ,i  ..■  i  i    0   I   " 
1  id  Hope,  Stoue  buiUlii        I  'ainn 

I'ln, 
plumber  (West,  Charteibouai   •( 

Polack  B<  nj.  .--In  tin  i.',    ^  ork,  wuti 
( Batty,  Cham 

Preutii   .'     <  ii 

|ay<  i       W  ■  StOOS,    I  rlii  inn  <  Ii 

Raynei  B.  ami. I.  Medley,  Newport,  lata  of 
Wight,  corndealera  (Worsley,  Newport 

Ki  .  -,  II    P  ',  im  ii  '  i,    I 

dale,  Ah  \  hi  ii  i  .  nd  Holm  ,  New  inn 

Rid     I     Sti  oud,   <•  loi    •  iterahire,  i  lothier 

(Coustable,  Sj  mi. mi's  inn 

Roe  l .  \\ ..;» .  i  bi on,  •  1  ustice 

K  I!  nch  m  ulk,  i  • 

Roll  i    Red  Lio      ..-•  I  S  ■  Bond, 

I      -I    I  niha  ( 'lian.i  .  ,  -,    '.i   •  ■'.■  nil. ill   Btl°«  I 

Rotherj  T. Leeds, York, woolstaplei    I 
l.crt.  Bat  ton- garden 

Rounaon  J.  Fleet  street,  linen-draper  Fop, 
l     ex-atrcet,  Strand 

Rush]  .i  NewiniUs,  Derbyshire,  cotton- 
spinner  (Ellis,  (  ursitor  street 

Samuel  R.  His  I  .   linen- 

draper  (Frond  and   Blandford,  Temple,  and 
c.iti  aton-street 

Scott  ■' ■  Gumecester,  otherwise  Godman- 
cheater,  Huntington,  blacksmith  Mauleand 
s«  •  etinga,  Huntington 

SchafS  r  .1 .  London-road,  Surrey,  floor-eloth 
manufacturer  (Godmond,  N 
Blackfriara 

Smith  Win.    Portsea,   Hints,    linen 

son  and  Dickson,    Angel  court,   Throg- 
morton-atreet 

Smll  J   and  J   Pinkbam,   Pl\  mouth    ' 
i  ronmongera (Bleasdale,  A.  Holme, 

Hi •"  inn] 

Sontherton  F.  Tiverton,  Deron,  dealer  and 
chapman  Bly-plai  e 

Taylor    Geo.    Bristol,    nun  hunt  (Fi 
Hart-street,  Bloomsbary 

Todhunter  J.  Preston,  1  er,  linen  ur.J 

»oui!<.u  draper  [Barretts,  Gray's  baa 


Uai   J     Bristol,    grorei      I  i 

i 

I     ,    bill),    W.  Okfnn       .      ■ 
(Wood,    I      I 

i      i 
I 

Willioi 

! 
I 

I        I 
'I 

\N  illiam     J    I  •  •  I  ' 

..  i     Ii  ott, 

\\  ill 
Old  Ji 

Woo 

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I 
|         ,,  ;      i     i  ad  J. 

W  .  J    '• 

i 
.    \|u  il   :.  — A  oawot  ill   T    indh . 
April  S—  And*  i  son  .1    R 

mi  nli  I 

i  —  I !       '  a 

plan  ,  im  I 
Km  E     > 

rmingham,    butto  ii — 

Beake   J     I 
Badford  W    and  x 
drapers,    Man  Ii 

—  IU  !  I  .1     i 
iliicr,  April   II— H  ill   W  hi. 

pney ,  bal  i 
28 — B  Uinories,  . 

Bin  1.  J  U  I.-  r, 

.Man  Ii    28  -  Bl  idgi  r  J.  Mori 
low-chandler,  March  18 — !'■ 
wick,   Cumberland,    dealer    and 
Man  b  14—  Brj    on  1>    i 
tnary,  April    B — BaDen   R    Weymoath 
Mill  om  i  Regis,  U  '  — 

Bury  John,  Clifton- upon-Teame,    ' 
luiti  In  r,  April  l     I 

ton,    Surrey,  cmrj»enter,    M  bus 

w    <     draper,  March  I! 

draper,    kpi     -     CI 

High-street,    St.    M 

Man  li  25— Ci  I      I 

W in'-,  1     i 

.; — ('  on     ■•    1'   Great  Hi  rm 

i  i    .  A  — 

i 
.  I 
reaport  .i.    anil  1>     '     I 

limn  -i 

5 


2Cl2 


IJA.NK  III  1MCIES    AND    DlVlDr.XD'!. 


and  T.  Bainhridge,  Manchester,  warehouse- 
men, March  20 —  Dicks  W.  Tronic,  Somerset, 
clothier,  April  10 — Dudfield  C.Tewkesbury, 
Gloucester,  ii  uholder,  April  l — Dunn,  Tlios. 
Trowbridge,  Wilts,  clothier,  April  11 — Dunn 
J.  and  ('.  Robinson,  Wood-street,  London, 
factors,  March  j* — Earner  J.Preston,  Somer- 
set, cotton- spinner,  April  7 — Easton  AY.  apd 
Easton,  jun.  Bucklersbnry,  warehouse  1  en, 
May g — Elliot  <J.  Liverpool,  merchant,  March 
22 — Fearou  J.  Deausea)ies,Cumberland,  factor, 
March  14 — Fox  J.  and  \Y.  Fox,  Pavement, 
Finsbury,  merchant,  April  is — Garret  Win. 
Rood-lane,  1'ciH  hurch-street,  merchant,  April 
8 — Godden,  T.  Maidstone,  carpenter,  May  16 
— Gough  P.  Birmingham,  butcher,  April  s — 
GrievesoD  J.  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  vintner, 
March  so, — Graver  R.  Town  Mailing,  Kent, 
grocer,  May  9 — Hancock  Jos.  Sheffield,  mer- 
chant, April  5 — Harrison  S.  Manchester,  hat- 
ter, April  4 — Hart  S.  Swaffham  Prior,  Cam- 
bridge, dealer  and  chapman,  March  29 — Hc- 
thrington  A.  and  J.  Mackie,  Drary-lane,  per- 
fumers, 'May  :in — Hilton  W.  and  .1.  Jackson, 
Oxford-street,  linen-drapers,  A])ril  17 — Hoff- 
man  D.  Bolt  on- street,  Long-Acre,  cheese- 
monger, March  25 — Holden  J.  the  elder, 
and  Holden  J.  Salford,  Lancaster,  junior, 
March  2<J — Jackson  K.  and  J.  Hanken,  Oxford- 
street,  rectifiers,  April  22 — lbbetsou  S.  Lud- 
gate-hill,  mercer,  April  6 — Johnson  W,  C'atlin 
and  J.  Wiltshire,  Huntington,  drapers,  May  2 
— Johnson  J.  Holborn-hill,  linen-draper,  April 
S5 — Ki  ni  E.  Bicester,  Oxford,  draper,  March 
28 — Kirkman  J.  Gower-street,  Bedford-square, 
builder,  April  1 — Langshaw  R.Chester,  linen- 
draper,  April  4 — Lawrence  E.  Huddersfield, 
York,  druggist,  March 29 — Leykauff  W.  Lisle- 
street,  Lcic<  ster-square,  engraver,  March  28 — 
Lindky  J.  Sheffield,  cutler,  April  7 — Macnight 
N.  S.  Macnight,  and  J.  Macneill,  Liverpool, 
merchants,  April  21 — Maclawrin  D.  Watling- 
street,  warehouseman,  April  13 — Magee  J.  and 
D.  Mac  Nully,  Oxford-street,  linen-drapers, 
April  1 1 — Man  A,  Mark-lane, oilman,  June 3 — 
MarrR.  Lancaster,  merchant,  April  12 — Mar- 
shall W.Ncwark-upon-Trent,  draper,  April  25 
— Matthews  D.  Basingstoke,  Southampton, 
grocer,  March  20 — Medhurst  Win.  Ross,  He- 
reford, innholder,  March  27 — Nichols  W.Min- 
chinhampton,  Gloucester,  clothier,  Mar.  28 — 
Pander  1.  C.  Manchester,  merchant,  April  10 


—Parry  M.  Pontypool,  Monmouth,  shopkeep- 
er, March  iti — Payne  S.  L.  Change-alley,  hat- 
ter, April  11 — Pearson  J.  P.  York,  clothier, 
April  7 — Pipe  r  J.  and  Know  Its  Windes,  Rich- 
mond, Surrey,  grocers,  April  4 — Pitkcthley  J. 
Wood-street,  Cheapside,  druggist,  March  31 
— Popplestone  W.  Plymouth,  grocer,  April 
19 — Price  Dan.  Whitcomb-street,  carpenter, 
April  1 1 — PriorJ.  Princess-street, Spitalfields, 
drysalter,  March 21. — RadsallJ.  Leeds,  York, 
grocer,  March  27 — Randall  J.  Birmingham, 
manufacturer,  March  13 — Read  R.  Caroline 
Mews,  Bedford-square,  stable-keeper,  April 
4 — Reynell  H.  Bristol,  linen  draper,  March 
30 — Rickinau  W.  Northampton,  linen-draper, 
April  15 — Rodwell  T.  Piccadilly,  boot-maker, 
March  2* — Schindler  C.  Bartlet's-buildings, 
merchant,  April  IS — Scott  G.  Upper  Thames- 
street,  grocer,  April  11 — Singer  N.  P.  West- 
bury,  \Yilts,  common-brewer,  April  10 — Smith 
T.  E.  Great  Trinity-lane,  leather-seller,  April 
11 — Smith  T.  Mawdesley,  Lancaster,  tanner, 
Ap.iil  15 — Smith  R.  Cross-street,  Wilderness- 
row,  dealer,  April  8 — Somerville  J.  Chancery- 
lane,  cabinet  maker,  March  15 — Spratt  S. 
Mendham,  Suffolk,  miller,  April  7 — Surmau 
W.  and  li.  Ford,  Cheltenham,  Gloucester, 
linen-drapers,  April  3 — Swallow  R.  Attercliffe 
Forge,  Sheffield,  iron-master,  March  29  and 
30 — Tennant  J.  Oxford-street,  wine  and  bran- 
dy merchant,  May  9 — Tiinmings  J.  Steward- 
street,  Spital- fields,  silk-broker,  April  15— 
Troutbeck  C.  Rathbone-place,  upholsterer, 
March  13 — Tylhnrst  J.  Milton,  Kent,  dealer 
and  chapman,  March  18 — Turner  J.  SweflT- 
ling,  Suffolk,  draper,  April  1 — Tyrrel  J. 
Maidstone,  Kent,  ironmger,  April  15 — Wat- 
son W.  Great  Cambridge. street,  Hackney- 
road,  builder,  March  2S — Watson  J.  John 
Watson  the  younger,  and  J.  Watson,  all  of 
Preston,  Lancaster,  cotton- manufacturers, 
April  fj — Watts  J.  Whitecross-strcet,  grocer, 
April  8 — Weruiuck  J.  Plymouth-dock,  mer- 
chant, April  19 — West  W.  aud  T.  Hughes, 
Paternoster-row,  booksellers,  April  22 — Wig- 
glesworth  J.  N.  B.  Bradford,  York,  cotton- 
manufacturer,  April  4 — Williams  W.  Swines- 
head,  Lincoln,  grocer,  April  18 — Williams  T. 
Caerphilly,  Glamorgan,  manufacturer,  Mar. 
15 — Wright  J.  Snuthy  Brook,  Lancaster,  car- 
rier, April  7 — Young  T.  Rippon,  York,  gro- 
cer, April  3. 


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PR  I  (   ES 


Of  fire-Office,  Mine,  Dock,  Canal,  Water-Works,  B    dm     .  4  Publk 
institution  Shares,  Sfc,  <s< .  for    March  1809. 


Albion  1  ii'    ^  Lift    tssai     i   ■.  a6l  p  >h   pm. 

.Alias  |  in   .mil  Lift      ---         I',:r. 

Eaale  ditto 


Globe  ditto       .... 

Hope  ditto     -    -    -     -    .1- 

Inperial  ditto       -    -    - 

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<  !  Junction  ("anal  Shares 

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Thaw  k  Alt-  m  .  do.orig.  sh.  £77  0  pin. 

FORTUNES  Co.  Stock-Broken  and 
General  Agents,  IS,  Cornhill, 


i'll.'a  114] 

1  .s  |.i  r  -h  pin 

.    |.t  r  rt     pin. 

-   p.  r  -li.  pui 
1 33  a  135  i" 
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4  Operant,  pa. 


Golden-Lane  Brew  ry  ■      -  pm. 

•  ■   Shan  ■ -hare 

W  .  si,,,,  -vti, ,  t  ditto ua  14; 

'  Bmn  i> |  a  .ids.  pra. 

"■ «  rka     44  a  tog*  pm 
West  Middlesex  ditto     -     .       9  a  i.'.ps.  pm 

Hiv.r  LeaB  ft  cent. 

•11  In-t.tution  -     -      14  o  pa 

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Coma  -    eft     •  H4nli6p 

^  au\".  -      Par    a  4-    pm 

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ranee    -  -  -  -  Par. 

<  uii'i,:  ' 

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1 


Pr.r.tcd,  for  R.  AcKlRUiKX,  by  Harriet*  aum  Bolter,   .  ' .      I 


FROSPJECTtrs 

OF 

A  NEW  MONTHLY  WORK, 


OF 


ARTS,   LITERATURE,   COMMERCE, 

MANUFACTURES,  FASHIONS,  #  POLITICS. 

N°-  I. 

Was  published  on  the  2d  Day  of  January,   1809,  and  is  continued  on  or 
before  the  first  ot  every  succeeding  Month, 

By  R.  ACKERMANN,  JOJ,  STRAND, 
Where  Communications  (Post  paid)  will  be  thankfully  received. 
This  Work  may   be  had  of  all   the   Print  and  Book-sellers,   Postmasters 
Clerks  oj  the  Roads,  Newsmen,   Stationer*,  fa.  in  the  United  Kingdom' 
— 1  rice  4s.  * 


CONDITIONS. 

The  Work  shall  be  printed  on  a  fine  large  wore  Royal  Paper;  and  br. 
ready  tor  Delivery  the  first  Dav  of  every  Month 

Each  Number  shall  contain  sixty-four  Pages  of   Letler-Pres;,  printed 
with  a  new  Type,  cast  on  Purpose  ; — also, 

Four  elegant,  coloured  Plates,  designed  and  executed  by  Artists  of  the 
first  Eminence;   and  one  Wood-Cut,  by  Charles  Nesbitt 

In  order  to  induce  the  Public  to  examine  this  Work,  and  to  enable  them 
fairly  to  appreciate  whatever  Claims  it  may  have  to  their  Patronage 
the  I  abhsher  respectfully  invites  them  to  become  Purchasers  of  the 
nrst  Number;  assuring  them,  if  (from  any  Consideration  whatever) 
they  are  not  perfectly  satisfied,  the  Money  shall  be  repaid,  upon 
their  returning  It,  in  good  Condition,  before  the  Publication  of  the 
second. 


LIST  OF  PLATES  IN  EACH  NUMBER. 

I.  Sr  2.  Wies'pashionable  Dresses,  designed,  engraved,  and 
coloured  by  thefirst  Artists. 

3.  Fashionable  Furniture,   or  fashionable  Carriages 

or  new  Implements  of  Husbandry,  Manufacture,  &c. 

4.  Inside  View    of    a   fashionable  Magazine   or  Shop 

with  figures,  drawn  by  Rowlandson  and  Pug  in. 

5.  Sporting  Subject,  Game,   Dogs,  Horses    &c 

6.  A  beautiful  Wood-Cut,  with  real  Patterns  of  the  most  fa- 

Jhionable  Articles,  such  as  Velvets,  Silks,  Cloths,  Printed 
Kerseymeres,  Muslins,  Cambrics,  and  evrey  new  and  fancy 
Article  of  British  Manufacture  employed  in  Ladies'  or  Gen- 
tlemen s  Dresses,  or  in  fashionable  Furniture. 


I  1 1  E 


aatposttorp 


or 


ARTS,  LITERATURE,  COMMERCE, 

Manufactures,  Fashions,  and  Politics, 


For  WAV,  1800. 


fftyt  jriftlj  p.umbcr. 


EMBELLISHMENTS. 


I.  Water  Srasiel,  tyflotw'tt,  coloured 

5    Fashionable  F»bhchSopa  Bed 

ft.  Allegorical  Wood-Cut,  with  Pattern* ■    •    • 


CONTENTS, 


ry  of  the  Useful  and  Polite  \  - 
ObeervstkMM  on  the  Arts,  by  ./.<- 

rmnm    •     •         

Directions  for  acquiring  Knowledge 
Letters  from  North  America    .    • 

Third  Letter  from  Italy  .  •  • 
Amelia's  second  Letter  .  •  •  • 
historical   Account  of  the  Crimen, 

second  Letter 

Letter  prom  an  Artist  t..  a  Fashion- 
able Physician   •     •     •     •     • 
Concealment  ofaBankrupft  Effects 
On  the  Waste  of  Agricultural  Pro- 
duce  (third  Letter)       .     .      • 
Fashionable  Titles  tor  Musical  Com- 
position     

On  the  late.  Discoveries  in  H 

Chemie.il  Science   .... 
Historical  Facts  relative  to  European 

Mannen  and  Customs 
Remarkable  Property  of  boiling  Tar 
British  Sportj 


\  C  R 

267 


270 

287 
201 

> 
ib.  ' 

20  S 
500 
502 

: 


Retrospa  I  of  Polities    ....    308 
Medical  Report 

iltoral  Report 313 

Literary  Noticesand  Intelligence 
Intelligence  relating  totlw  ti  315 

i  ,  t    \.  m  Publications    .     .     316 

Musical  Review **1 

Miscellaneous  Fragments  and  Anec- 

dotes 

Theatrical  Report 

Fashions  I 

Messrs.  P<  llatl  ...  d  G  Sbew- 

;  mi  en-Yard  330 

Fashionable  Furniture     .... 
Allegorical   Wood-Cut,    frith  Pat 
terns  i  Manufacture 

Marriages  and  Deaths     . 

Bankrupts  and  Dividends 
London  Markets  .  •  • 
Price-  of  Stocks      •     .     • 

1  able 
Prices  of  Cor  S  h  ares 


532 
I 


TO  OUR  READERS  AND  CORRESPONDENTS. 

We  earnestly  solicit  communications  Cpost- paid)  from  professors  of  the  Arts  in  ge~ 
neral,  as  veil  as  authors,  respecting  works  which  they  may  have  in  hand.  The  evident 
advantages  which  must  accrue  to  both  from  the  more  extensile  publicity  that  will  be 
given  to  their  productions  through  the  medium  of  the  Repository,  needs  only  to  bemen- 
tioned,  we  conceive,  to  induce  them  to  favour  us  with  such  information,  which  shall 
always  meet  with  the  most  prompt  attention. 

The  narrowness  of  our  limits,  and  the  liberal  contributions  of  our  numerous  cor' 
respondents,  render  it  impossible  for  us  to  find  a  place  for  their  favours  so  speedily  as 
we  could  wish.  To  this  cause  is  to  be  ascribed  the  omission  of  many  valuable  commu- 
nications winch  it  was  our  intention  to  introduce  into  the  present  JSumber.  To  re- 
medy this  inconvenience  as  far  as  lies  in  our  power,  we  have  determined  upon  an  ex- 
tension of  our  plan,  by  the  addition  of  a  half-yearly  Supplement  to  each  Volume ; 
which,  we  trust,  will  prove  equally  gratifying  to  the  correspondents  and  to  the  readers 
in  general  of  the  Repository.  This  Supplement  will  not  only  afford  a  receptacle  for 
such  pieces  of  merit  as  the  pressure  of  temporary  matter  obliges  us  to  postpone,  but  will 
also  contain  the  general  titles,  engravings,  and  a  copious  index,  which,  in  a  work  of 
so  ?niscellaneous  a  nature,  must  be  a  desirable  and  useful  accompaniment.  Agreeably 
to  this  plan,  the  Supplement  completing  the  First  Volume,  will  be  published  on  the  1st 
of  June,  with  the  Sixth  Number  of  this  Work. 

The  continuation  of  the  History  of  Gas  Light  is  deferred  for  want  of  room. 

From  the  same  cause  the  Intellectual  Compass  is  also  omitted  ;  but  its  ingenious  au- 
thor is  assured,  that  it  shall  be  given  complete  in  the  Supplement,  as  it  is  too  long  to 
be  introduced  into  one  of  our  regular  Numbers,  and  would,  in  our  opinion,  suffer  by 
being  divided. 

To  the  lovers  of  Poetry  we  have  also  to  apologize  for  the  disappointment  they  will 
experience  from  our  present  Number.  We  shaU  endeavour  in  future  to  prevent  its  re- 
cur i  .  •  ice  ;  but,  in  the  mean  time,  beg  leave  to  recommend  to  their  notice  the  First  Num- 
ber of  the  Poetical  Magazine,  published  on  the  1st  May,  by  the  Proprietor  of  the 
Repository. 

J uninus  is  requested  to  accept  our  sincere  acknoxvledgments  for  his  indefatigable 
zeal  and  liberal  communications.  We  rejoice  to  find  that  his  labours  obtain  the  uni- 
versal approbation  which  they  deserve;  and  can  venture  to  promise  a  rich  treat  to  the 
amateurs  of  the  arts,  from  the  copious  stores  in  our  possession. 

The  Medical  Query  arrived  too  late  for  insertion  this  month,  bvt  shall  appear  in 
our  next. 

G.  S.  on  the  Drinking  of  Healths,  is  also  deferred. 
G.  W.  is  inadmissible,  from  want  of  decorum. 
Quiz  is  in  the  same  predicament,  from  want  of  wit. 


Tin-: 


depositor}) 


(<! 


ARTS,  LITERATURE,  COMMERCE, 

Manufactures^  Fashions,  and  Politi 


For  MAY,  I     9 


SElje  irifili  f.umbcr. 


-The  mffi  age  of  tl 


The  | 

i  -.J  dignitj  of  ■ 


A  r.  \i  - 1 


rORY  OF   ill  FUL  AND  POI.; 

(Continm 

OF    THT.       1  ...  il  I  i  ECTUBE  Thi 

ORBEKI    IND   ROMANS,  who  i  ■; !  ious 

To  no  nation  that  e~\  formerly  used,  and  were  to 

architecture  been  indebted  for*  flveord  rsoi 

njr  in  to  the  Gi 

What  furnished  th<  ra  with  the  n  of 

hints  for  these  improvem  tbe  t\  I  by   Vitru- 

have  no(.  a(  this  remote  p.  riod,  the    vius;  in  .  to  whose  ace 

means  ol  ining.    Thenation      itmay  be  observed,  that  the 

a  we  have  already  menti  -•  hich  arc  the  r  ornamei 

I  of  the  method  ofc  >n-     the  Ionic  i 
itructing  arches;    the  root's  of  all    to represen  tnralcurlii 

t!u-lr  halls  were  flat,  and  coven  1    of  a  piece  <  of  a. 

with  stones  of  such  prod  igi 

that  a  single  one  was  often  sufficient     b  en  the  first  kind  of  i  The 

to  cover  a  whole  room.    Tbeirman-    Corinthian  oi 
■er  of  building  was  also  destitute  of 

what  we  call  taste;  the  columns  wen  the. 

ill  proportioned,  and  their  capital 

executed  in  themost  wretched  man"     been  set  upon  the  :  co- 

ner  imaginable,  d  with  a  square  tile.     A 

AV  1'.    Vol  I.  N  n 


26S 


HISTORY  OF  THE  USEFUL  AND  POLITE  ARTS, 


of  acanthus,  or  bear's  brooch,  grew  i 
tip  close  to  it ,-  the  leaves  shot  up 
and  covered  the  outer  surface  of  the 
basket,  and  as  the  stalks  rose  up 
among  them,  thej'  soon  reached  the 
tile  which  overhung  the  edges  of  the 
basket  at  the  top,  and  as  this  im- 
peded their  course  upwards,  they 
curled  and  twisted  themselves  into 
a  kind  of  volutes.  In  this  situation 
it  was  seen  by  Callimachus,  the 
sculptor  ;  in  the  twisted  part  of  the 
stalk  he  perceived  a  resemblance  to 
the  volutes  of  the  Ionic  capital, 
■which, as  they  were  here  smaller  and 
more  numerous,  appeared  in  a  new 
form.  lie  was  sensible  of  the  beauty 
of  raising-  them  among  leaves,  and 
was  struck  with  the  representation 
of  a  noble  and  lofty  capital,  which 
being  afterwards  put  into  execution, 
was  universally  admired. 

The  Greeks  reserved  the  use  of 
their  grandest  architecture  for  their 
temples  and  public  buildings  ;  but 
though  their  houses  exhibited  less 
magnificence,  they  had  greater  con- 
venience than  those  of  the  Romans. 
The  entrance  to  their  private  houses, 
however  large  they  might  be,  was 
always  small,  plain,  and  narrow. 
The  whole  edifice  usually  consisted 
of  two  courts,  and  several  ranges  of 
buildings.  The  porter's  lodge,  if 
that  term  may  be  allowed,  was  usu- 
ally on  the  right  hand  of  this  nar- 
row entrance,  and  opposite  to  it 
were  the  stables.  This  entrance 
conducted  into  the  first  or  smaller 
court,  which  had  piazzas  on  three 
sides ;  and  on  the  fourth,  which  was 
usually  the  south  side,  there  were 
butments  of  pilasters,  which  sup- 
ported the  more  internal  parts  of 
the  ceiling.  A  space  being  thus 
left  between  the  one  and  the  other, 
they  had  plaees  for  the  lodging  of 


men  and  maid-servants,  and  such  as 
had  the  principal  care  of  the  house. 
Upon  the  same  floor  with  these  but- 
ments were  several  regular  apart- 
ments, consisting  of  an  anticharaber, 
a  chamber,  and  closets ;  and  about 
the  piazzas,  rooms  for  eating  and 
other  common  purposes.  Opposite 
to  the  entrance  was  a  lobby  or  vesti- 
bule, through  which  lay  the  passage 
into  the  several  rooms  ;  and  beyond 
this  a  large  passage  led  into  the 
principal  square.  Round  the  latter 
were  four  piazzas,  which  in  the  com- 
mon way  of  building  were  all  of  one 
height;  but  in  more  magnificent 
houses,  that  which  Faced  the  great 
entrance  was  more  lofty  and  in  every 
respect  more  noble  than  the  other 
three.  In  this  division  of  the  build- 
ing were  the  apartments  of  the  fa- 
mily. These  were  adorned  with  lof- 
ty galleries,  and  here  were  the  best 
rooms,  which  were  called  the  men's 
apartments  r  for  in  rude  times  the 
Greeks  lodged  their  wives  and  fe- 
male relations  in  the  best  rooms  of 
the  first  court,  where  they  had  also 
their  separate  and  detached  place. 
The  two  sides  of  this  larger  court 
were  kept  for  the  reception  of  visi- 
tors, and  servants  were  appointed  to 
wait  upon  them.  The  master  of 
the  house  entertained  his  guests  the 
first  day  in  his  own  apartments ;  but 
afterwards,  how  long  soever  they 
might  stay,  they  lived  without  re- 
straint in  one  of  those  separate  pi- 
azzas, and  joined  the  family  only 
when  they  chose.  The  upper  end 
and  two  sides  of  the  great  court  be- 
ing thus  disposed  of,  the  lower  end, 
being  the  same  range  of  building 
that  formed  the  upper  end  of  the 
first  court,  was  appropriated  to  the 
use  of  the  mistress  of  the  house  and 
her  female  friends. 


HTfiTon  V    Of     llll     IM'FII,    Allirnllll     UT1-. 


I'lie  Romans  borrowed  their  w-  I  all  tbete  annoyance     wen   tfc 
chitecture  from  the  Greeks,  f>ut  tli<l  '  spartments,  destined  for  the  n 
not  Imitate  them  in  the  modesty  <>f    the  master  of  the  family. 


their  private  dwellings.  The  prin- 
cipal front  they  placed  Inwards  the 
BOUth,  and  on  ihis  ihey  bestowed  all 

the  decoration  of  expensive  orna- 


The  irr;i ticl.-nr  and  magnW 

(In-  temples  and  public  buildings  of 
(he  Romans  arc  \<i  ittested  bj  the 
remains  thai  itill  exist,  which  not 


ment.    They  bad  lien-  loin  galle- .  only  serve  for  models  toall  modeni 
i  irs  and  epa<  ions  moms,  and  ever)     architects,  I  nil  have  sever  been  mv- 

thinjr  carried  an  air  of  ^realness  and 

.show.  In  their  country  •booses  thej 
preserved  the  tame  situation  and  the 

same  front,  hut  (he  innerdi.Mrihution 

was  different.     At  the  entrance  they 

placed  the  meaner  and  more  offen- 
sive offices,   after  the  manner  of  the 

Greeks.  The  first  gallery  had  on 
one  side  a  passage  to  the  kitchen, 

and  on  the  other  to  Ihe  stalls  for  the 
cattle,  that,  while  (hey  were  in  rea- 
diness for  all  services,  (he  noise  <>r 
smell  might  not  he  offensive  within. 
These  stalls  were  placed  on  the  left, 
as  in  the  Greek  houses;  on  the  right 
was  the  kitchen,  which  had  itslighl 
from  above,  and  its  chimney  in  the 

middle.  Farther  within  (he  build- 
ing, were  placed  on  one  side  hath- 
ing-rooms,  and  on  the  other,  family 

conveniences,  in  the  manner  of  our 
butteries  and  store-rooms.  Hack- 
wards,  and  full  (o  (he  north,  were 
placed  (he  cellars,  for  (ear  of  (he  I 
sun,  and  over  these  were  other  store- 
rooms. From  this  part  of  the  struc- 
ture you  came  to  the  court;  for  in 
the  dwellings  of  the  Romans  there 
was  generally  hut  one  court.  This 
was  occupied  by  the  servants  and 
those  who  had  the  (are  oi'  the  cattle, 


passed,  or  even  equalled,  to  '!,!>. 
day.  Bu(  though  the  art  (  out i ii ii •  d 
almost    at    ils    highest   pitch    among 

the  Kumars  I'm  two  centuries,  U 
declined  rapidlj  when  the  empire 
began  to  fail.  VYe  are  informed  by 
Tacitus,  dial  after  the  battle  of  \«  - 

t i u in  no  men  of  genius  appeared  ; 
and  after  Hie  reign  of  Alexander 
SeverUS,  a  manner  of  building  al- 
together irregular  and  confused  was 
introduced,  in  which  nothing  of  the 

grace  and  majesty  of  (he  former 
style  was  retained. 

When  (ho  empire  was  entirely 
overrun  by  the  Goths,  the  conquer- 
ors naturally  introduced  llnir  own 
method  of  building.  Like  the  an- 
cient Egyptians,  tin-  Goths  seem  to 

have   been   more  studious  to  amass 

people  with  the  greatness  of  then 

buildings,  than  to  please  the  eye 
with  the  regularity  oftheiratructure, 

or  the  propriety  of  their  ornam 
They  corrected  themselves,  bow- 
ever,  a  little  by  the  models  of  the 
Roman  edifices  which  they  sen  be- 
fore them:  hut  these  mod-Is  them- 
selves were   faulty;   and   thed 

being  totally  destitute   of  genius, 

neither  architecture  nor  any    other 


for  which  there  were  stalls  on  either  ;  art  could  be  improved 


snlc.     In  front,  from  the  entrance. 
but  at  a  considerable  distance  from  • 


(To  be  contim  i 
N  n  I 


OBSERVATIONS 

Letter  I. — (Con tin 
Mr.  Editor,  Feb.  3. 

I  beg  ax  yesterday  to  write  on 

the  arts  (a  sheet  of  paper  dated 
February  2d),    and  d    an 

idea  which,  if  properly  executed, 
might  much  contribute,  in  a  little 
time,  to  furnish  the  minds  of  young 
students  with  leading  traits  of  va- 
rious knowledge  in  the  arts  and  sci- 
ences. It  is  an  excellent,  method 
of  study,  at  first  to  be  very  gene- 
ral, like  an  artist  who,  when  he 
makes  a  drawing,  first  sketches  01  ly 
the  largest  forms,  makes  a  square 
in  his  mind,  observes  "what  parts 
are  perpendicular  to  others,  and 
v,  hat  parallel  :  in  his  smaller  di- 
rections, he  observes,  where  a  ruler 
laid  in  imagination  along  the  parts 
would  strike  in  its  progress.  By 
this  excellent  method  of  proceeding, 
he  finds  it  almost  as  easy  to  make 
an  outline  correct,  as  if  he  was  trac- 
ing on  transparent  paper  :  he  can 
afterwards  detail  with  pleasure. 

But,  as  I  was  observing,  if  pro- 
perly   executed,    the    above    plan 
might  be  so  extended  as  to  embrace 
jive  very   useful  hints  and  in- 
formations on  every  art. 

For  instance  :  suppose  we  were 
writing  on  physicians,  or  any  other 
class  of  anatomists,  those  who  are  in 
ihe  habit  of  reading,  frequently  find 
a  character  expressed  in  a  word, 
as  thus — the  ingenious  Monroe,  the 
elegant  Mead, theaccurateHuxham, 
the  philosophical  Pringlc.  So  cor- 
rect words  might  easily  be  found 
to  describe  Harvey,  Sydenham. 
Friend,  Cheselden,  Fothergill, 
Ward,  James,  Hill,  Jebb,  the  two 
Hunters,  Cruikshank,  Sheldon, 
Lettsom,    Sharp,    de    Valangin. — 


OX  THE  ARTS. 

tied  from  page  202. ) 

II  Even  the  bare  names  of  those  who 
have  excelled,  teach  desirable  know- 
ledge. These  we  might  oppose  to 
those  who  have  succeeded  on  the 
Continent,  by  comparison  or  some 
other  method  ;  as  Albinus,  Vesa- 
lius,  Bloombart,  Santolini,  Win- 
slow,  Palfyn.  The  same  observation 
may  be  applied  to  astronomers,  phi- 
losophers, botanists,  and  a  variety  of 
other  classes.  In  speaking,  for  in- 
stance, of  theatrical  performers,  we 
might  convey  interesting  informa- 
tion, by  saying — -the  amiable  Miss 
Lavinia  Fenton  (the  first  Polly  in 
Gay's  Beggar's  Opera,  which  was 
first  performed  in  1727),  who  mar- 
ried the  Duke  of  Bolton.  She  was 
not  less  lovely  than  the  excellent  ac- 
tress whose  name  began  and  ended 
with  the  same  letter,  the  elegant 
Miss  Farren,  who  a  few  years  ago 
married  the  Earl  of  Derby  ;  or  the 
no  less  accomplished  Miss  Louisa 
Brunton,  who  lately  married  the 
Earl  of  Craven.  So  we  might  say 
Dicky  Norris,  the  celebrated  co- 
median (though  his  real  name  was 
Henry),  so  called,  because  he  per- 
formed Dick  in  the  Jubilee,  about 
one  hundred  vcars  ajro. 

Those   who   are   called   Dielj/, 

Charles,    Will,    Ned,    Tom,    Bill, 

Joe,  Jim,  &c.   are  generally  social 

and    good-natured  ;    such  as  Ned 

Sh uter,  Tom  Weston,  Tom  King, 

Jack  Bannister,  and  Shuter's  com- 

i  panion,  Nancy  Dawson,  Peg  Wof- 

.  fington,    Nan   Catley,    and   many 

others,    of  which   every  one   finds 

!  some  among  their  acquaintance. — 

j  But  those  who  arc  always  dignified 

I  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  are  not  social 

I  in  a  great  degree  ;  though  such  may 


RVATIO 


be  i'  yet,  lilvc  ili<-  ol 

thej  arc  not  \<>\  cd,  they  are  rathei 
horne  \\  itL  than  enjoj  ed.  I  men- 
tion  these  cir<  urn  I  in*  •  .  (<>  shew 
that  this  plan,  ii  judi<  iouslj  rami- 
fied, might  be  extended  ad  infini- 
tum, and  convey  a  deal  of  amuse- 
ment and  useful  know  ledge. 
It  cannot  be  supposed  that  such 

;i  one  ;is  I   can    be    e<pial    to  such  ;iu 

undertaking,  whose  firsl  production 
in  w riting  was  but  of  \ esterdaj 
whose  views  in  life  have  been  con- 
fined i<> .    This  plan  of  writ- 

ingmaj  embrace  the  happiest  efforts 
of  the  best  productions  of  the  bei  I 
authors:  thus,  if  an  inexperienced 
writer  was  bewailing  the  difficulties 
that  la\  in  the  waj  to  the  temple  of 
Fame,  he  might  make  Beattie  take 
off,  in  liis  Winstn  /,  the  labour  of 
expressing  the  thought,  and  enrich 
his  work  by  writing, 

"  Ah  '  «lm  .  .in  ti  II  hou  bard  ii  is  in  <  limf> 
"  I  hi    i  *  p  u  bere  Fame's  proud  temple  shines 

a  l*;i  r  ! 
"  Ah!  who  can  till  how  many  :t  smil  sublime 
"  HaafcH  ilif  influence  of  maliguanl 
"  And  waged  witb  Fortuoi  and   rnal  war; 
"  Check'd  1>>  the  scoff  of  Pride,  !>\    Envy's 

frown, 
"  A  nil  Poverty's  unconquerable  l>;:r  ! 
"  In  life's  low  vale  remote  h;i^  pined  alone, 
"Thin  dropt  into  fctai  grave  unpitied  and  n 

k     OK  .1." 

The  sublime,  the  elegant,  and 
the  pathetic,  might  Deselected  (Voir. 
the  best  authors  ;  and  thi>  general 
idea  ol  selection  is  the  great  lead- 
ing principle  that  confers  superi- 
ority in  every  art  and  sciei 

J  will  now  go  on,  in  continuation 
from  sheet  I . 

I  slial!  here  only  observe  on  en- 
gravers, that  some  of  those  now  in 
this  country,  who  have  produced 
us  the  best  specimens  in  that  art, 
are  Sharp,  Hollow.  \  .  Heath,  Brom- 
ley, Legat,  Schiavonetti,  Cordon, 
Agar,    and  Anker  Smith  :    besides 


I  have  mi  ationed,  i 
i    with   us,    and  arc   bow    no 
more  ;    Hollar,  Fairthorne,  Li  jht- 
foot,  II.ii  low ,  ( i.i  \  ivood  V  il- 

( Hoi <  i .  I)  i  I:      .  3trN.  Do- 
rignj  .  I'm  art,  Sturt,  \  ertu  •.  BrowB, 
Sestin,    A .    \\  alker,    IM.    Roker, 
(  .Mini,  Peake,  ( Ihatel  tin,    IfUUer, 
'J'lims  ( the  master  <-i  old  John  I 
dell),     ( ihambei  - .      M  ■   >r     Hall, 
Byrne,  Vander  Gucht,  Park  r9  Isaac 
Taj  lor,  Bai ire,  Brown,  £ 
Pouncey,   should  not  be  omiU    i 
nor  thou,  though  almosl  burii 
oblivion,  careless,  indolent,  good- 
natured  Harr\   I  toward  ! 

I  i   |  Oil  should  happen  to  app. 

of  w  hat  I  \\  rite,  1  w  ill  her.-  iftei 
mj  opinion  of  the  various  ; 
in  the  several  manners  of  engraving, 
of  which  the  line  manner  is  the  . 
meritoi  ious. 

In  drawing  for  designs  in  this 
country,  ii  must  be  allowed 
have  signalized  themselves  in  an 
eminent  degree.  .Mr.  Editor,  it  the 
lady  who,  t  am  persuaded,  i  i 
the  shield  that  is  painted  under  the 
roll  on  your  letter-box,  i  ould  be 
called  from  her  celestial  dwelling 
for  a  moment,  and  asked  bet  opi- 
nion who  should  receive  the  crown 
in  this  department,  she  would  hind 
the  laurel  round  the  brows  ofTho- 

Itard,  and  exprea 
somev bat   in  this   way    (as    B 
obsci  • 

'•   knd  s  • 

'•   \tiil  bound  the  laurel  round  bis  \. 

■  pa     ;.  d   ■ 

I  rustling  play  i 

!, 

After    him    approach  Westall, 
Fusel i,   and  Smil 
( '/"  /  lurers  in  the  Arts. 

The  palm  should  be  divided  be- 
tween Sophonisba  Angusciola,  of 


272 


ON    THE    STUDY    OF    PAINTING     AND    DRAWING. 


Cremona,  and  Camera  Rosalba,  of 
Chiaggia,  near  Venice  :  Sophonis- 
ba's  three  sisters,  Lucia,  Europa, 
nnd  Anna-Maria  Angusciola,  bad 
also  much  merit :  also  Rachacl  van 
Pool,  or  Ruisch,  of  Amsterdam,  the 
celebrated  flower-painter  ;  Eliza- 
beth Sophia  Cheron,  of  Paris,  and 
the  present  Madame  Lc  Brun,  of 
the  same  city.  Miss  Cheron,  at  the 
age  of  84,  in  1672,  was  elected  a 
royal  academician  of  the  academy 
of  painting  at  Paris  ;  and  in  full 
assembly,  this  young  lady,  who 
was  also  very  beautiful,  received 
her  diploma  from  the  hands  of 
Charles  Le  Brun,  who  was  their 
president. 

Angelica  KaufTman,  so  long  re- 
sident here,  it  is  said,  died  at  Rome, 
November  7th,  1807. 

When  speaking  of  ladies  who 
have  resided  in  this  country,  and 
had  most  merit  after  Angelica,  was 
Mrs.  Mary  Beale,  Anne  Killigrew, 
so  elegantly  celebrated  by  Dry  den, 
and  who  was  buried  in  the  Savoy 
chapel  in  the  Strand  ;  she  died  of  the 
small-pox  in  June  16S5,  aged  25  : 
Miss  Ann  Carlisle,  to  whom  King 
Charles  I.  presented  *£5Q0  worth  of 
ultramanna,  which  he  held  in  his 
hand  when  he  gave  it  ;  Miss  De- 
ryke,  Mrs.  Susannah  Penelope  Rose, 
daughter  to  King  Charles  the  First's 
dwarf;  Miss  Read,  Miss  Benwcll, 
Mrs.  Maria  Cosway,  Mary  Lloyd, 
Miss  Bctham,  Mrs.  Bell,  Mrs. 
Buckcy,  Miss  Flaxman,  and  Maria 
Denman,  sister  in  law  to  Mr.  Flax- 
man  ;  also  Miss  Sophia  Metz,  Miss 
Hay,  Miss  Jackson,  and  Miss  Em- 
ma Smith. 

Among  our  dames  of  fashion, 
whose  chance  in  the  lottery  of  life 
presented  them  with  titles,  the  for- 
warder is  Princess  Elizabeth,  third 


daughter  to  their  present  majesties  ; 
Lady  Diana  Beauclerc  ;  nextCount- 
ess  Spencer,  mother  to  the  late 
Duchess  of  Devonshire  ;  Lady  Be- 
dingfield,  and  Emma  Crewe. 

The  lady  (I  forget  her  name)  who 
lately  drew  Fidelity  and  the  star 
Varus,  should  not  be  forgotten  : 
she  seems  to  have  had  a  touch  of 
that  promethean  fire  which  we  all 
wish  for,  but  which  is  rarely  be- 
stowed. Juninus. 


LETTER    II. 

February  6th,   130Q. 

Mr.  Editor, 

I  have  been  thinking  of  seve- 
ral subjects  to  write  a  letter  upon  for 
your  box,  some  of  which  I  have 
half  finished  ;  such  as  comparisons 
between  the  ancient  and  modern 
writers  on  Genius,  Taste,  Humour, 
Architecture,  &c.  &c.  which  you 
will  soon  see,  such  as  they  are.  I 
am  unacquainted,  I  believe,  with 
any  artists  that  know  you,  and  have 
at  last  concluded  to  give  you  some 
thoughts  on  the  study  of  the  arts  of 
Painting  and  Drawing. 

Many  books  that  are  published 
on  the  arts  are  extremely  superficial, 
containing  only  the  most  trifling  ob- 
servations, and  w  hich  are  not  cal- 
culated to  advance  the  student  to 
any  considerable  height  in  the  arts 
they  profess  to  teach.  Thus  they 
tell  us  to  be  sure  to  get  hard  Italian 
black  chalk,  soft  French  black 
chalk,  pinky  red  chalk,  white 
chalk  made  of  an  equal  proportion 
of  whiting,  tobacco-pipe  clay,  and 
charcoal  made  from  the  willow  : 
to  be  sure  the  camels'  bair  pencils 
are  not  made  from  squirrels'  tails ; 
the  black-lead  pencils  with  their 
name  on  them,  and  the  crayons  the 
real  Swiss  j  and  that  the  Indian  ink 


ON     lid     iTUDT    OJ     PAINTINQ     ^m    niIA\»|I»0. 


(which  ihould  marl  free  when  fib- 
bed on  the  nail)  li  the  real  India, 
;hhI  that  thai  it  < sommoaly  the  best 
which  imeHsol  perfume  i  that  white 
peperj  washed  w  iili  bistre,  «>r  stained 
with  liquor  made  of  tobacco  and 
Im!  water  ("i  iome  brewers'  clay 
boiled  in  beei  |  r* i)<  1  w 1 1 i*ii  should  be 
shuck  on  the  paper  with  ;i  sponge 
as  imooth  as  possible),  is  preferable 
to  the  blue  paper,  or  ycllon  silk 
paper,  which  arc  sold  at  the  shops 
tor  drawing  in  black  end  white 
chalk:  that  we  should  be  sure  tin- 
light  comes  oi ei  the  lefl  thoulder, 
to  prevent  any  shadows  obstructing 
our  sight  ;    to  work  on  our  paper 

from  lop  to  bottom,  mid  from  lefl 
to  right,  and  to  worll  hi  ■  room  (hat 


some  ainusensent,  I  propo  e  \u 

introduce  somrw  d  J 

will  snppo  ■•  ill  if  Mi .  \ .  student  in 

draw  in;:,    has  I  iiirn- 

sdf  as  to  Ik-  permitted  to  di 
the  Royal  Academy ,•  and.  under 
til  ,i  idea,  /  will  mention  some  rales 
in  drawing  and  painting,  that  not 
c\  erj  artist  is  a<  auainted  with. 

Mr.    \  with  swe  to  the 

(7  recton  and  Roman  rcAoo/,  todrau 
after  the  ancient  ^  itaes.  J  'of  ■  time 
heteebtimid,keepstn>hUwoffk,and 
answers  with  great  obligingness  to 
every  question  from  his  feBow  sin* 
dents.     Al  length  comes  the  kt 

— u  ()  ii.  urn  must  mind  better, 
and  consider  vour  outline;"  and 
would  take  him  from  hi-,  pi 


lias  a  north-east  Ii<,rht  :   to  draw  c;i-     statue,  to  view  it  nearer.     "  I  thank 


me  Is'  hair  pencils  through  our  lips, 
and  to  be  sure  to  chose  bushj  ones, 

and  to  obserre  that  they  come  to  a 

point  when  tried  on  the  nail  :  that 
an  equal  quantity  of  spirits  of  tur- 
pentine and  linseed  oil,  rubbed  w  it  Ii 
a  clean  rag  on  tun-paper,  and  hung 
in  the  sun,  in  a  room  free  from  dust, 
makes  excellent  transparent  'paper. 
These,  ami  a  thousand  suck  triiles, 
advance  the  student  but  in  a  sm;ill 
degree.  If  a  prise  w;is  offered  for 
a  composition  of  figures,  or  an  aca- 


jou, sir— jesj  sir,"    secretly  glaJ 
when  he  is  gone. 

Here,  Mr.  Editor,  if.be  is  not 
endowed  with  genius,  with  a  good 
portion  of  that  quality  your  a 

mistr.  lid  to  possess,   be  will 

never  be  a  first-rate  artist. 

Nicholas  Poussin,  in  oontemp 
the  generality  of  students  that  di  •  I 
at  academies,  made  a  design  of  a 
number  of  moisJbeshiboiioosly  draw- 
ing in  an  academy,  from  an  antique 
statue  (of  which  there  is  a  print  es> 


demy  figure,  either  Michael  Angclo  ;  tant ) ;  by  which  he  meant  to  shew, 
Huonarotti,     or    Raphael     I'rhino  [that    unless    B  •    the 

(could  they  be  reanimated)  if  they  |  great  poetic  or  scientific  principles, 
drew  on  paper  smeared  over  with  Hon  which  the  statue  is  constructed, 
rotten  egg,  and  made  the  drawing  they  make  bat  a  small  progress  in 
with  burnt  cork,  horse-dung  and  ,  the  art  ;  at  least,  they  only  learn  to 
water,  mud.  moistened  clay,  or  any     copy  or  imitate — the  result  ofa  little 


other  the  most  humble  material. 
could  easily  Win  it  from  any  artist 
now  existing,  with  every  advantage 
OS*  chalk. 

Mr.  Editor,  to  simplify  this  com- 
plex subject,  take  from  the  dryness 
of  a  long  string  of  rides,  and  atlbrd 


practice,  with  the  knowledge  of  a 
few  mechanical  rales  —  they  only 
(  reach  to  individual  nature.  If 
drawing  after  I'lcomericV  Venus  de 
Medicis,  they  do  not  enter  into  the 
idea  of  her  shrinking  as  it  were  from 
observation  with  a  timid  mod.- 


274 


OS     I  111'.    STUDY    Ol'    PAINTING    AND    DRAWING. 


of  what  great  use  is  it  to  talk  to  such 
people  about  the  gentle  serpentine 
line  that  causes  beauty,  or  about 
gradual  variation,  if  they  do  not 
enter  into  the  idea  of  the  poet,  who 
says, 

"The  nymph  retired  that  did  charm  the  world:" 

ami  the  same  of  other  statues,  each 
according  to  their  character  ?  What 

signifies  the  work  of  such  people, 
whether  they  stump  with  shamoy 
leather,  cork,  a  bit  of  rag,  or  do  it 
with  their  finger  ?  They  will  never 
give  satisfaction  like  a  man  of  ge- 
nius :  they  A\ili  draw  Juno  without 
dignity — Venus  without  beauty — 
and  Minerva,  w  ith  the  owl  perhaps, 
but  without  wisdom.  You  may  see 
a  whole  row  of  them  sitting  with 
their  plummets  in  their  hands,  con- 
sidering the  perpendicular — taking- 
advantage  of  upright  lines  in  the 
wainscot,  also  the  parallel  ones — 
observing  the  shape  of  the  vacancies 
between  the  limbs — with  a  grave  air 
considering  the  center  of  gravity — 
comparing  lengths  and  breadths, 
that  their  limbs  might  not  be  out  of 
proportion — comparing  the  lights 
arid  shades  with  one  another  to  ob- 
tain harmony,  1,2,  3,  &c.  of  the 
lights,  1,  2,  3,  &c.  of  the  darks, 
more  accurately  to  judge  of  the  de- 
grees of  each.  If  a  light  rises  on  a 
bone  near  a  mass  of  shadow  (or  on 
uny  other  part),  to  be  on  their  guard 
that  this  circumstance  do  not  de- 
ceive them,  and  make  them  think  it 
lighter  than  it  really  is  ;  nor  a  shade 
of  darker  near  light.  To  keep  the 
white  chalk  towards  the  upper  part 
of  the  figure,  and  but  little  at  the 
lower  extremities — to  handle  chalk, 
especially  in  the  lights,  with  short 
sketchy  strokes,  lozenged — to  give 
freedom  and  transparency — to  work 
here  and  there,  about  and  about,  for 


balancing  and  freedom — and  to  re- 
member light  half-tint  shadow — and 
relax,  like  a  ball,  to  give  roundness, 
Ion  e,  and  fulness. 

Alter  .some  practice  of  these  prin- 
cipl  :s,  a  figure,  better  than  several 
he  had  done,  is  completed,  and 
shewn  to  Mr.  F.  for  the  life  acade- 
my, lie  is  told  that  a  council  will 
meet  next  week,  and  his  perform- 
ance will  then  be  considered.  The 
R.-ASs  meet  in  the  council-cham- 
ber, and  decide  that  Mr.  A.  has  at- 
tained to  the  ability  of  drawing  after 
nature,  and  a  ticket  is  ordered  to  be 
made  out  for  him.  lie  receives  the 
ticket,  signed  R.  A.  with  transport, 
his  imagination  tired  with  the  idea 
of  studying  after  nature.  At  length 
the  evening  arrives — he  is  there  too 
soon — he  must  wait  in  the  hall — the 
model  is  not  ready.  As  she  is  a 
selection,  we  may  suppose,  with 
Milton,  that  when  she  mounts  the 
pedestal, 

"  Grace  is  in  all  her  steps — heaven  in  her  eyes, 
"  In  every  gesture  dignity  and  love." 

At  length  the  students  are  admitted 
— Mr.  A.  among  them,  not  the  last. 
She  surveys  them — observes  a  new- 
comer ;  conscious  of  her  charms,  she 
assumes  dignity  and  grace  —  she 
stands,  like  her  grandame  Eve,  in  a 
state  of  innocence,  with  nothing  but 
a  rosy  or  blue  ribbon  to  fillet  up 
her  hair.  Figure  set  by  Mr.  W. 
the  visitor,  gently  varied  or  con- 
tracted. Our  novice  takes  his  seat. 
She  considers  him  —  likes  him  — 
thinks  him  a  very  interesting  young 
man  ;  views  him  with  attentive  eyes 
— not  like  a  widow,  with  a  tear  in 
one  eye,  and  a  leer  in  the  other,  but 
with  a  leer  in  both.  She  assumes 
all  the  simplicity,  gcod-naturc,  and 
winning  ways,  that  she  can  think  of, 
and  imitates  the  true  spirit  of  the 


ON     Till;    STUDY    f)l     PAINTING     AND    jihamim 


tu/iii/nr  productionsbettertban  moit 

<>f  lliosclli.il  surioiind  licr,  and  (lie 

true  spirit  <»l  the  sex,  though  the 
docs  not  w  /  her  cop  at  him. 

After  about  an  boorj  Mr.  IV*  con* 
shirrs  Mr.  A.'s  drawing)  and 
"  Sir,  you'll  excuse  in<— I  think 
you've  made  the  legi  rather  too 
long.  We  should  always  remem- 
ber) n hen  we  begin  a  iketch)  and 
have  got  to  the  middle  of  the  figure, 

to  make   ii    mark    for   the  half:    this 

regulates  the  proportions:  and  ire 
should  try   to  correct   all  defects. 

Make  the  female  head  small  and  in 

the  shape  of  an  egg)  with  the  small 
pari  of  the  oral  downwards— a  long 

neck — narrow  shoulders--!  he  breasts 

rather  large  and  well  separated — 

very   wide  about   the  hips   and  the 

upper  part  of  the  lower  extn  mities. 

\\  6   should   aKo    make    the    limbs, 

both  arms  and  legs,  taper  very  much, 

with  a  Small  hand  and  Ion;!;  slender 
fingers;   and  as  tor  the  feet)  they 

should  be  small  too  :    the  second  toe 

should  be  longer  than  the  great  toe, 

and  at  a  little  distance  from  it,  the 
next  toe  getting  gradually  smaller, 

and  the  little  toe  very  much  retired. 
We  must  consider  the  antique  for 
good  feet  ;  shoes  spoil  the  feet  of  all 
who  wear  them.  Von  should  di- 
shevel the  hair  in  beautiful  play  ing 
ringlets,  and  make  long  winding 
lines,  like  a  drawing  I  will  shew  yon 
by  and  by,  which  I  have  in  my  port- 
folio, made  by  Mr.  Cipriani.  Keep 
the  mass  of  lii^ht  verv  broad  in  the 


middle,  where    should    In    (  1m-  : 
detail  :    and    you    maj     take    the   Il- 
licit \     of  IMllotllM  ill  '    \  c|  V   d 

dows,  pm\ ided  you  b  Bern 

about,  to  make  them  w 
it  were ;  which  balance  should  also 
be  ii M i \ cis  illy  obsei re  I,   and   the 

should  be  of  ■  beautifullj 
i  el  form.*' 

Anoihci  night)  the  figure,  a  ro- 
bust marij   is  set  by  Mr.  F.   in  a, 

violent    attitude    and    frowning, 

if  dealing  destruction  about  him, 

and  in  the  manner   of  Michael   An- 

gelo  Buonarotti)  leaning  upon  a 
massy  club.  The  drawing  is  ad* 
tranced — Mr.  F.  appears— *'  Now, 

sir,  I  s<  e  you  mind  \  our  outlines  and 

the  structure  of  the  bones.     Yon 

should     make      the     skeleton 
through  the  mnsdes.    Draw  convex 
and  square)  with  but  fen  parts,  like 
the  audi  tit  Greeks — broad,  bold, 

varied,    and    crispy.       Tak     . 
opportunity  of  making  long  lines, 
the deltoide  swlnding  with  the  bi- 
ceps— the  abdominal  muscle the 

oblique  descending  with  the  sarto- 
rius — making  long  lines  and  I 

scrolls.  Mind  the  brows,  that  great 
seat  of  expression — make  the  prin- 
cipal bones,  such  as  the  elavieule, 
scapula,  ulna,  patella,  and  the  ' 
extremities  of  the  fibula,  very  ap- 
parent.      Make  the  ball  of  the  great 

toe  and  every  thing  convex, 

and  massy,  Like  Michael  Angelo  and 

Goltzius." 

J  0  -v  I N  US« 


Kq.  V.  Vol.  I. 


Do 


276 


DIRECTIONS  FOR  ACQUIRING  KNOWLEDGE. 

Some  of  our  readers  may  perhaps  be  disposed  to  object,  that  the  following  paper  is 
better  adapted  to  a  work  designed  expressly  lor  youth,  than  to  the  plan  of  the 
Repository.  Such  tno,  we  confess,  was  oar  own  feeling  on  the  first  perusal  ;  but 
as  our  publication  professes  to  embrace  communications  on  every  useful  and  in- 
teresting subject,  we  trust  that  the  parents,  and  heads  of  families  in  general, 
whose  patronage  we  enjoy,  will  not  be  displeased  at  the  introduction  of  these  pre- 
cepts, which  cannot  be  too  deeply  impressed  upon  the  mind  of  every  young 
person  ;  and  which,  from  their  excellence,  are  indeed  well  worth  being  commit- 
ted to  memory. 

TO  THE  EDITOR. 


Having,  when  a  boy,  accident* 
ally  met  with  the  Introductio  ad 
Sapiential)},  by  that  celebrated  Spa- 
nish scholar,  Ludoxicus  Vivea,  I 
perused  it  with  eagerness;  but  no 
part  of  it  pleased  me  so  much  as  the 
following  "  directions  respecting 
the  method  of  acquiring  know- 
ledge," (qua  ratione  comparari 
possit  cruditio).  In  the  early  part 
of  my  life  I  derived  great  benefit 
from  acting  upon  them  ;  and  seve- 
ral of  my  young  friends,  to  whom 
1  communicated  them,  have  expe- 
rienced the  same  good  effect.  If 
you  do  not  think  my  translation  of 
them  undeserving  a  place  in  your 
Jicposiioiy,  they  may  probably  be- 
come more  extensively  useful,  par- 
ticularly as  their  learned  author  has 
observed  Horace's  excellent  rule — 
"  f/i/icquid  prcccipies  eslo  brexis." 

J.  II. 

1.  Erudition  is  produced,  as  it 
were,  by  means  of  three  instru- 
ments, genius,  memory,  and  study. 

2.  Genius  is  improved  by  ex- 
ercise. 

3.  Memory  increases  by  practice. 

4.  Both  are  weakened  by  luxury, 
strengthened  by  health,  enervated 
by  sloth  and  long  intermission,  and 
by  continual  use,  are  rendered  obe- 
dient, to  the  call. 

5.  Whether  you  read  yourself, 
or  hear  any  tiling  read,  be  attentive ; 


do  not  suffer  your  mind  to  wander, 
but  force  it  to  be  on  the  spot,  and 
to  engage  in  what  you  lay  before 
it,  not  in  any  thing  else. 

6.  If  your  mind  begins  to  swerve, 
recal  it  by  means  of  a  short  whisper  : 
put  off  till  another  time  all  thoughts 
extraneous  to  the  subject  of  your 
studies. 

7.  Know  that  you  lose  both  pains 
and  time  if  you  do  not  attend  to 
what  you  either  hear  or  read. 

8.  Be  not  ashamed  to  ask  con- 
cerning what  you  are  ignorant  of. 
Blush  not  to  be  taught  by  any  per- 
son, for  the  greatest  men  have  not 
been  ashamed  of  it  ;  rather  blush 
for  your  ignorance  and  unwilling- 
ness to  learn. 

9.  Boast  not  of  knowing  what 
you  arc  ignorant  of;  on  the  con- 
trary, appty  for  it  to  those  who  are 
supposed  to  know  it. 

10.  If you  wish  to  appear  learned, 
endeavour  to  be  so,  there  is  no 
shorter  method  :  in  the  same  man- 
ner you  will  find  no  better  expedi- 
ent to  be  thought  good,  than  to 
be  so. 

11.  In  fine,  whatever  you  desire 
to  seem,  strive  actually  to  be ;  other- 
wise  your  desire  will  be  vain. 

12.  Time  impairs  what  is  false, 
while  it  strengthens  what  is  true. 

J  3.  No  deception  is  of  long  con- 
tinuance. 


niRPXTIONS    FOR    ACQliniNC    KMOW  I  i 


177 


M.  Follow  your  master,  that  is 

sln-w  no  inclination  to  outrun  bin  °, 

and  yield  to,  do  nol  oppose,  him. 

15.  Love  him,  and  J« »• » iv  op  to 
li h it  as  to i  parant,  and  believe  what 

lie  says  to  lie  most  true  ami  certain. 

IG.  Take  can  that,  after  being 
once  reproved  for  ■  fault,  you  tin 

nol  commit  it  a  second  <>r  third  timt  : 
rndcavour  to  bnprovc  by  reprehen- 
sion. 

17.  Try  particularly  to  remem- 
ber those  point s  in  which  you  arc 
UPTOng,  lest  you  fall  into  the  same 
error  again. 

18.  Bfery  man  is  apt  to  err,  hut 
only  the  real  persevere  in  error. 

19.  Kemember  that  there  il  no 
sense     through     which    we    imbibe 

knowledge  more  speedily  than  thro' 
that  of  hearing. 

20.  Nothing    i*    easier,    and    DO- 

thingmoreasefal,thanto  hear  much. 

21.  And  yon  ought  to  shew  BO 
disposition  to  listen  to  what  is  tri- 
fling, absurd,  and  ridiculous,  ra- 
ther than  to  what  is  grave,  praise- 
worthy, and  prudent. 

22.  Both  require  equal  pains  in 
attaining  ;  but  in  the  advantage  re- 
sulting from  them,  there  is  a  great 
disparity  indeed. 

2J.  Let  your  endeavours  be,  not 
to  answer  much,  but  to  answer  to 
the  purpose,   and  in  proper  time. 

21.  Turn  not  only  your  eyes  from 
what  is  shameful,  but  your  ears. 
which  are  in  a  manner  the  windows 
of  the   mind.       Remember  the 

asying,  quoted  by  tin*  Apostle,  that 
evil  communications  corrupt  good 

manners. 

23.  Whether  at  table  or  at  any 
other  place,  listen  attentively  to 
what  every  one  says. 

26.  From  the  wise  you  may  learn 
what  will  improve  your  morula. 


I  rom  the  foolish  how  to  be 
more  guarded . 

21-*.  Adopt  what  is  approved  by 

the  u  | 

\\   li  :l  I 
80.     \\  Ihii    \  on    find    am 

ration  commende  I  by  ien  lible 
sous  lor  wit,  de<  orum,  M 
dition,  genius,  or  urbanity, 

it  up  in  your  mind,    w  ilh  . 

employ  it  yourself  when  opportu- 
nity offei  i. 
SI*   Keep  i  memorandum-boot 

for  the  purpose  of  entering  anj  r<  - 
mark  or  expression,  occurring  ei- 
ther in  the  course  ofyoui  reading 
or  in  conversation,  and  that  may 
appear  to  you  excellent  or 
this  will  enable  \  on  to  refresh  j  our 

memory    when   3011    have    • 
for   a  similar  remark  or  expresi 
3%,  Strive  not  only  to  uoderi       ' 

the  words,    but  enter   into  the  spirit 
of  what  you  read. 

S3.   "W  ben   you  have  read  \our- 
ielf,  or  heard  any  thing  n  id,  it  is 
1  good  exercise  to  repeal  it  to  3  our 
schoolfellows  in  Latin,  and 
in  your  mother   tongue;   and 
Ottght  to  endeavour  to  UBS,  as  much 

as  possible,   tin1  same  elegant  and 
w  itt  v  expressions  employ  ed  bj 
author  :   tlni-  you  will  at  ouc  !  ren- 
der your  memory  retentive,  ani 
quire  a  command  of  words. 

34.  You  ought  also  to 
frequently,  than  which  tin  re         » 
better  exercise  for  those  wh  • 
to  -pi  ak  well. 

3d.   Write,   re-write,   and  1 
extracts  frequently  ;    read   with  a 
pen  in  3  onr  hand  :   compi 
second,  or  at  least  every  tl 

a  letter  to  some  fl  tend,  ■   h  >  may  an- 
swer it  :    and    shew    your    Ien 
your  master,   th.  I   you   ma\    ; 
bj  his  observatic 
OoS 


27S 


LETTERS    FROM    NORTH    AMERICA. 


36.  Suffer  not  your  memory  to 
rest. 

37.  There  is  no  faculty  that  likes 
so  much  to  be  employed,  and  that 
improves  more  by  exercise. 

38.  Entrust  to  it  something  every 
day. 

39.  The  more  you  commit  to  its 
care,  the  more  faithfully  it  ay  ill  re- 
tain every  thing  ;  but  the  less  you 
trust  it  with,  so  much  the  more  re- 
laxed will  its  retentive  power  be- 
come. 

40.  When  you  have  learnt  any 
thing  by  heart,  allow  your  memory 
a  little  respite  ;  and  some  time  after, 
demand  back  what  you  have  in  a 
manner  deposited. 

41.  Whenever  you  wish  to  get 
any  thing  by  heart,  read  it  over 
three  or  four  times  with  the  greatest 
attention  before  going  to  bed  :  in 
the  morning,  call  your  memory  to 
account  for  what  you  over  nio-ht 
committed  to  its  custody. 

42.  Beware  of  intoxication,  in- 
digestion, and  catching  cold,  es- 
pecially in  the  back  part  of  your 
head. 

43.  Wine  is  the  death  of  memory. 


44.  Allow  not  a  day  to  pass  with- 
out reading,  hearing,  or  writing 
something  that  may  increase  your 
stock  of  information,  improve  your 
judgment,  or  strengthen  your  love 
of  virtue.  ' 

43.  When  about  to  retire  to  rest, 
read,  or  cause  something  to  be  read 
to  you,  that  is  worthy  to  be  re- 
membered, and  of  which  it  maybe 
both  useful  and  agreeable  to  dream, 
in  order  that  even  your  nocturnal 
visions  may  benefit  you. 

46.  The  study  of  wisdom  is  to 
continue  while  we  live  ;  it  can  only 
end  with  life  itsqlf. 

47.  No  pleasure  can  be  found 
superior  to  that  of  knowing  many 
things  ;  and  nothing  can  possibly 
be  more  beneficial  than  proficiency 
in  virtue. 

48.  Study  seasons  prosperity, 
alleviates  adversity,  restrains  the 
heediess  impetuosity  of  youth,  and 
lightens  the  burdens  of  old  age  :  it 
accompanies,  nay,  it  even  protects, 
assists,  and  delights  us  at  home, 
abroad,  in  public,  in  private,  in 
solitude,  and  in.  the  busy  scenes  of 
life. 


LETTERS  FROM  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Mr.  Editor, 
I  beg  leave  to  inclose  you  the 
first  of  a  series  of  letters  written  by 
an  officer  in  North  America  to  his 
friend  in  England,  during  a  resi- 
dence there  in  the  years  1806-7. 
They  will  be  found  generally  de- 
scriptive of  the  principal  cities, 
towns,  harbours,  forts,  edifices, 
garrisons,  &c.  &c.  now  in  pos- 
session of  the  British  government 
in  the  northern  provinces  of  that 


great  continent  ;  and  should  they 
(from  the  specimens  now  sent) 
prove  worthy  of  insertion  in  your 
excellent  Repository,  the  remain- 
der shall  be  regularly  forwarded  for 
that  purpose. 

I  am,  Sir, 
Your's  obediently, 

J.  H.  R. 

Sudbury,  March  6,  1809. 


LETTBHI    PROM    IfOi  rn    AMRRI     i 


i.r.i  r  i.  it   i. 

II  \  mi  x  K,    EfoTA-flCOTIAj 

Jum    3j     I  '«'l< 

Dear  .1/. 
\Vn  in  M  ist  addressed  you  I 
had  Deal  \y  bidden  adieu  to  Bi  itain's 
while  (lid's  ;is  I  sealed  1 1 1  \  letter ; 
for  the  boat  which  conveyed  a  pari 
of  ni\  baggage  (lefl  at  St.  Helen's 
in  the  bustle  of  embarkation)  did 
ni)i  arrive  along-side  our  transport 
till  we  were  <>ir  i!i  •  silly  Islands, 
and  the  boatman  would  but  just 
take  charge  of  nay  letter,  and  give 
the  usual  hast)  assurance  of  Bend- 
ing it  by  the  post,  when  he  tacked 
for  the  Land's  End,  and  we  lost 
sight  of  it. 

A  sudden  gloom  overspread  my 
senses  at  the  moment  I  lost  sight 
of  my  native  island,  and  a  recollec- 
tion of  the  many  happy  days  I  en- 
joyed at  your  hospitable  mansion, 
together  with  my  parting  interview 
with  Si  when  leaving  Suffolk, 
caused  my  involuntarily  exclaiming 
to  myself  at  the  unhappy  period, 

"  Ye  fairy  prospect*,  then, 
Yi  beck  of  raeeDj  ami  ye  boweri  of  joy, 

Fan  »»'ll !" 

As  the  monotony  of  a  sea  voyage 
cannot  afford  much  amusement,  I 
shall  pass  it  over,  and  stale  m\  ar- 
rival in  this  city  on  the  Itli  blatant. 
Jt  was  the  birth-day  of  our  vene- 
rable Monarch,  and  observed  in 
this  place  with  all  the  gaiety  and 
demonstrations  of  joy   peculiar  to 

the    dispositions     of   a     people     in 
■whose  hearts  n  E  lives. 

I  attended  the  parade  soon  after 
my  landing,  and  witnessed  the 
different  regiments  composing  the 
garrison,  pass  the  general  in  re- 
viewing order,  after  which  they 
find  afcu  (lc  jii//c  in  honour  of  the 


In  the  evening  ihr  tow  n 
hibitcd  b  very  brill ia  it  illurrrmat 
and  the  regimental  bands  of  I 
cians  paraded  the  stn 

national  and  martial    air  •  ,'  until 

sound    of   the  1 1 1 1  nanded 

them  to  rest  |  w  Inn  ihe  happv  iiiiim- 
<  ianS    r.  In.  .1    also    to    Lheif    home-, 

and  your  b lend  to  enjoy  r  ni  rht*s 

repose  upon  t>  rra  I'n '  inn,  after  a  six 

weeks  \  oyage  on  the 

lantio." 

The  \  iew  of  this     b.'iufiful    city 

that  presented  itself  in  all  dm-, 

ti  I  entered  the  harbour  from  I  'he- 

bukto  Head,    and    the   in  ignil 

buildings  which  displayed  their  ar- 
chitectural elegance  on  a  nearer  ap- 
proach, in\  iled   my  attention   to  an 

early  inspection  of  the  town  and  its 
suburbs.    The  remainder  of  m\ 

ter    w  ill    tin  r  -fore    be    occupied    in 

Btating  to  you  Bome  of  the  particu- 
lars ofw  liat  I  have  obs  rrved. 
Situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the 

harbour,    is    the    city   of   Hal 
about    twenty    miles   distant   from 
Chcbulvto    Head,     m    latitude     !l. 
I.';,   north,    and   longitude 
west,  from   London;    '>\  miles  by 
land  from  Windsor,  and  102  ; 
from  Annapolis  Royal  ;  to.,  rts 
aled  on  the  north  side  of  the  b 
Fundy,    and     in     ihe    pc 

\o\  a  Sootisf. 

A  mountain  of  very  inconside- 
rable height,  but  of  great  magni- 
tude, bounds  the  south-west  pro- 
spect of  Halifax  :  while  the  north- 
east is  sheltered  by  the  small,  but 
fertile  island  of  Saint  (  i 
ated  in  the  center  of  the  harl 
and  opposite  to  the  city  in  that  di- 
rection. 

The  first  object  that  attracted  my 

attention  in  my  tour  of  ob- 


day,   mid  returned  to  their    bar-    was  the  government-house,  an  clc- 


580 


LETTEK8    FROM    NORTH    AMERICA. 


gant  stone  building,  the  only  one 
of  that  description  in  the  province  : 
it  is  situated  in  a  south-west  direc- 
tion, near  the  water-side  (the  aspect 
being  south),  surrounded  by  a 
choice  collection  of  valuable  shrubs, 
evergreen  trees,  and  a  small  park, 
with  a  court-yard,  and  was  built  at 
an  immense  expence  during  the  pe- 
riod of  the  Wcntworth  government 
in  North  America.  A  guard  from 
the  garrison  mounts  every  morning 
in  the  court-yard,  and  observes, 
while  on  duty,  all  the  ceremonies 
and  the  etiquette  of  the  body  guard 
at  St.  James's  Palace. 

The  dock-yards  and  the  arsenal, 
with  the  admiralty  building,  next. 
claimed  my  attention  ;  nor  could  I 
resist  fancying,  at  the  moment  I 
entered  the  g;ite  of  these  extensive 
and  elegant  premises,  that  I  was 
visiting  the  naval  yards  at  Ply- 
mouth :  the  number  of  workmen 
employed,  the  regular  system  of 
discipline  adopted  by  the  overseers, 
and  the  general  plan  of  executing 
all  the  different  branches  of  work- 
manship, claimed  a  tribute  of  just 
admiration.  The  Cambrian  frigate 
had  just  gone  out  of  one  dock,  re- 
fitted,  as  a  line  of  battle  ship  entered 
another  to  receive  new  masts  :  in- 
deed, the  celerity  practised,  toge- 
ther with  the  excellence  of  the  out- 
tits  from  this  grand  arsenal,  reflect 
the  highest  degree  of  honour  upon 
the  officer  at  the  head  of  the  naval 
department  here  ;  and,  no  doubt, 
Jus  exertions  are  duly  appreciated 
by  the  wise,  vigilant,  and  indefa- 
tigable commissioners  of  his  majes- 
ty's admiralty  at  home. 

The  building  is  a  superb  piece  of 
architecture,  composed  of  wood, 
covered  with  shingles,  having  a 
center  with  two  wings  ;  the  entire 


is  painted  a  dark-shaded  red  colour. 
The  admiral  occupies  an  elegant 
range  of  apartments,  and  the  re- 
mainder is  fitted  up  and  divided 
into  a  board-room,  offices,  &c. — 
On  the  top  is  erected  a  telegraph, 
which  communicates  with  a  signal- 
house  and  fort,  situated  on  the  sum- 
mit of  Chebukto  Head ;  and  the 
whole  may  be  justly  considered  a 
structure  of  the  greatest  utility, 
combined  with  perfect  elegance  and 
a  judicious  taste. 

An  excellent  mansion,  rising  to 
the  southward,  on  the  ascent  of  a 
hill,  caused  me  to  direct  my  obser- 
vation that  way.  On  enquir}',  I 
learned  that  this  great  piece  of  mo- 
dern architecture  had  originally 
been  the  town  residence  of  the  Duke 
of  Kent,  who  expended  (while  com- 
mander in  chief  and  governor  of  the 
province)  an  immense  sum  in  rais- 
ing it  ;  but  whether  tired  of  the 
expences  in  finishing,  or  the  situ- 
ation of  the  place,  his  Royal  High- 
ness determined  upon  disposing  of 
the  premises  to  the  government  for 
military  purposes  ;  and  it  is  now 
literally  occupied  by  a  regiment  of 
infantry,  and  of  course  appears  mu- 
tilated and  despoiled  of  its  former 
elegance  and  grandeur. 

The  shrill  sound  of  a  fife  coming 
from  a  range  of  buildings  on  a  level 
with  that  just  mentioned,  brought 
me  to  the  spot  from  which  it  is- 
sued, when  I  soon  discovered  that 
I  had  entered  the  great  depository 
of  the  military  strength  of  the  pro- 
vince ;  and  a  more  airy  and  excel- 
lent situation  I  never  observed  for 
barracks,  where  elegance  and  con- 
venience were  united  with  cleanli- 
ness and  health. 

I  next  viewed  the  city  hospital, 
which  is  an  excellent  receptacle, 


LEI  r  LK-i    l  itOM    ion  r  H     \    :     it  I     • 


and  tmilt  on  in  ext  ii'  ive  soak  i  i' 
receives  the  lick  and  indigent  <>f 
all   <  l.i  net,    both  in  the  city  and 

bboui  lux. .I  of  it,  and  dm 
jii  1 1 v  deemed  an  excellent  institu- 
tion in  «-\  ei  \  re  p<  c( .  The  chun  bet 
an-  mtv  commodious,  and  n«  m' 
within  :  there  ire  <l<\  en  in  the  <  ity, 
ami  the  mperstructure  of  them  can 
in  mi  instance  disgrace  the  taste  «)t 
the  architect,  <>i  the  judgment  of 
the  builder.  There  is,  bowevi  i . 
but  one  church  or  steeple  <  l<><  '.. 
ami  iliis  has  nothing  to  boast  of  for 
regularity  ;is  a  time-piece. 

The  Roman  Catholic  <  bapel  is  a 
m-ai  elegant  building,  with  a  large 

bwjiog-ground)    which   renders    it 

lingular  in  Mi  is  respect,  as  ii  is  the 
only  place  of  Roman  Catholic  wor- 
ship I  have  observed  with  the  like 
appendage.  The  inside  of  i  be  cha- 
pel is  elegantlj  superb,  and  or- 
namented in  a  st}  le  of  superior  neat- 
ness. The  premises  are  situated 
on  a  very  pleasant  ipot  of  ground, 
adjacent  to  the  government-house. 
On  passing  from  the  chapel  in  an 
eastern  direction,  i  observed  the 
grand  masonic  hall  or'  Nova  So©- 
ii;i,  which  claimed  my  minute  at- 
tention, on  account  of  its  Light 

elegant  structure,  and  the  chaste 
style  of  architecture  displayed  in 
every  part  of  this  building,  which 

was  raised  at  a  great  expence  by  the 

brotherhood  of  tin1  province,  and 
reflects  adegree  of  credit  upon  them, 
surpassed  by  none  of  the  four  lodges 

or  halls  even  in  the  metropol 
Uritish  empire. 

The  principal  market-place  is  in 
<he  Dtalef  of  the  town,  and  for 
cleanliness  and  utility  it  cannot  be 
excelled  :  it  is  abundantly  supplied 
with  butchers'  meat,  tow  Is.  tiv.li,  ami 
some  game  ;  the  latter  u>  brought  to 


market  by   the  J  l  the 

snpplu     in  gi 

dered  <  be  ;>  sod  ex<  lien!  in  their 
kind.      There  are  but   two  col 

houses    01 

lilil  v     in     I  I  do  i\     (  the    .' 

ami  the  Union)  i    bat  this  t] 
rent  want  of  public  a<  <  ommod 
mi  \   I)--  account)  d   i  i  b  >   |  he  i  \- 
treme  hospitality  of  the  inhabitant! 
io  all    tranj  rrs. 
There  are  many  other  building! 

of  eminem  e  in  lh:^  <  it  f   that  claim 

the  notice  of  those   ■  bo   i  is;t   it. 
Tlnse  coniiat  chiefly  of  the  man* 
lioni  occupied  by  the  general  i 
maadiag  the  the  attot     » 

and  solicitor-generals,  judges,  pro- 
vincial secretai  ies,  £  c.  <\ 
several   othcn  of  smaller  note. — 

The  private  hovses  »re  mostly  lmilt 
in  the  modern  English  style,  exhi- 
biting grt  .'  and  neat- 
ness, the  :  b  ■.  ■  i  1 1  ir  wood, 
painted  to  im               k  and  stone. 

Halifax,  consid  i  military 

post,  ii  alto  r'ther  impregnable  to 
an  i  nemj  ,  rhe  Duke  of  K 
while  governor,  erected  a  round 
battery  and  extensive  works  to  the 
south  a  ard  of  tin"  tow  n,  on  the  sum- 
mit of  a  hill,   which  command 

out  ai  d  >  ':; ,   as  we! 
country  in  all  directions  :  and  it  is 

nerallj  ed  that  this  posi- 

tion :  jest   in   h's 

m  ijestj  'a  American  colonv  s.  It  \*  j.> 
planned  and  executed,  with  the 
other   fortilieatio:  '   r  the  im- 

mediate  inspection  and  superintend* 
ence  of  his  royal  highness.  There 
are  also,-:  heavy  battery  and  a  n  i- 
cine  erected  upon  Saint  George*! 
Island,   which   CO  I   the  har- 

bour  in   an  >ther  d 
the  shor-  e  rising  grounds 

rrom  Cbebukto  Head  to  th 


282 


LETTERS    EIIOM    ITALY. 


are  lined  mid  covered  with  -works, 
exhibiting  a  chain  of  offensive  and 
defensive  military  posts,  and  such 
as  could  alone  emanate,  in  plan  and 
execution,  from  the  scicntilic  head 
of  a  profound  general. 

The  city  of  Halifax,  from  the 
commencement  of  the  suburbs  (at 
the  government-house)  to  the  ad- 
miralty, extends  nearly  three  miles 
in  length  along  the  side  of  the  har- 
bour ;  but  its  breadth  bears  no  pro- 
portion, being  composed  of  paral- 
lel streets,  intersected  by  others, 
ascending  from  the  water-side.  The 
streets,  however,  are  built  with  re- 
gularity, and  the  situation  in  gene- 
ral is  considered  healthy  by  the  in- 
habitants and  visitants. 

.And  now,  my  dear  M.  I  must 
inform  you,  that  the  packet  which 
delivers  the  letters  from  England  at 
this  place  (for  the  British  colonies), 


on  its  way  to  New-York,  has  just 
returned  to  take  the  homeward  mail ; 
I  must  consequently  close  this  long 
epistle,  in  which  1  have  given  you 
the  outlines  of  my  observations  dur- 
ing a  very  short  residence  at  Hali- 
fax :  and  as  I  mean  to  continue 
them,  I  hope  to  be  enabled,  in  my 
next,  to  inform  you  of  the  state  of 
the  culture  and  horticulture  of  the 
province,  the  commercial  relations 
of  the  city  with,  the  different  pro- 
vinces, the  manners  and  customs 
of  its  inhabitants,  &c.  &c.  ;  toge- 
ther with  some  hints  on  the  excel- 
lence of  the  plans  of  the  different 
institutions  for  the  relief  of  distressed 
strangers  at  Halifax.  I  will  there- 
fore claim  a  respite  for  the  present, 
by  assuring  you  how  very  sincerely 
I  remain  your's, 

R. 


LETTERS  FROM  ITALY. 


LETTER    IV. 


Dear   T. 
Tin:    - 


Naples,  May  — ,  ls>Oi 


frigate   arrived 


here  yesterday  from  Malta  ;  and 
by  her  I  received  your  kind  letter 
of  the  1st  March,  and  the  parcel  of 
newspapers  you    had  the  goodness 

to  save  for  me,  as  also  the 

Accept  my  warmest  thanks  for  your 
friendly  attention  to  my  little  wants, 
and  for  the  comprehensive  and  in- 
teresting narrative  of  our  domestic 
affairs.  This  I  may,  without  flat- 
ter}', affirm  to  be  a  model  of  histo- 
rical writing  ;  and  I  am  well  aware 
that,  before  such  a  judge,  my  let- 
ters need  the  greatest  indulgence. 
Transplanted,    as  it   were,  into  a 


new  world,  replete  with  innumera- 
ble objects  of  curiosity  and  admi- 
ration, and  desirous  of  making  the 
best  use  of  my  stay,  I  do  not  study 
my  expressions  :  I  have,  as  Pliny 
says,  no  time  to  write  a  short  letter ; 
and  your  friendship,  I  am  convin- 
ced, will  make  every  allowance  I 
can  wish  for. 

AYe   have    known  here    of  the 
peace  of  Amiens  these  several  weeks 

past 

At  all  events  I  trust  it  will  last  dur- 
ing my  journey  home ;  for  I  have 
now  determined  to  return  north- 
wards by  the  way  of  Rome,  Flo- 
rence, Turin,  Lyons,  Paris,  and 
Calais,  as  soon  as   the  hot  season. 


i  i  r  | 


which  ii  approaching, 

render  an  .  I  y   in  this  lati- 

tude unad  \  isablc  lo    t  raletndina- 
ri.m   like  me.      In    i1; 
iii'mm    td  'I    lei  til 

not    (o   be   fatigued,  and    to   I 
proper  time  to  make  whatever  ob- 
■ei vatiom    i  ountries  iting 

at  th  Of  all  thai 

is  worthy  of  notice,  or  at  least  tl    i 
is  noticed    bj 

usual,  ea  ,  <    t  <  onstanl  and  faithful 
reports. 
1  am  no  \  <•  \  on  an  ae- 

on  *i  mine  to 
P     suoli,     I!  l  M  isei  ■mi,     and 

i     places     in    that    direction, 
which,    !■  rwei  er    dis  igreeabl 
rather  ridiculous  i:i  its  termination, 
aflbr  led  mc  the  highest  delight  and 
instruction. 

Some  days  ago  Don  Afichele  bad, 
as   aaual,    placed    himself   b  si  le 

mv    dinner-table,     and    proceeded. 

for  some  time,  in  his  eloquent  dis- 
course, when  I  asked  if  he  bad  any 
commands  for  Pozxuoli,  as  I  should 
take  a  nip  thither  the  next  dai . 
and  not  return  before  dark.  ••  If 
too  would  grant  me,  dear  sir,  the 
liberty  of  putting  in  ray  humble 
advice.   I    would,  under  due    cor- 


l.t  him  on 
•  )  my  fri 
c  >mo,  lo 

the  calcftRo  f  hhall  !  m>- 

ihall  be  sen  I  l 

Pozxuoli   ' 
| 
On  i"-.  re| 

— , 
to  confine 
.could  prevenl 
obligi 

on  the    port  oi   D 
nounced,  bk<  the  irhizi 

to  burst  not  only  i 

tor,  but  on   all    the  buc<  essoi 

Hippocrates  and  Galen. 
o\  ii  lor    hre\  ity'a 
humble  servant  capitulating  for  the 
two-wheeled  vehicle   being  l 
the  door  at  six  the  day  after  th  I 
mediately  following.     Four  bottles 
of  porter,  and  two  of  old  rum,  in- 
t  to  the  unknown 
Don     Giacomo,    being    carefully 
stowed  in  the  seat,  I  waited  the  ap- 
pearance of  my  fcllow-lravelh    . 

Call  to  your  aid,  dearT.  ail  the 
powers  of  your  fertile  imagination, 
to  depict  to  your  mu  the 

figure  of  my  companion  arrayed  iu 


rection,  presume  to  propose  a  little  i  striped  silk  coat,  orang  i  and  pur- 
alteration  in  the  plan  of  your  jour-  pie,   cut  steel  buttons  of  the  lai 
ney,  which,  if  it  met  the  honour  of  possible     diameter,     white     satin 
your  judicious  concurrence,  might  waistcoat,    profusely    embroidered 
probably  tend  to  make  the  trip  more  with    rosea    and    passion -floi 
agreeable  to  yourself.     Where  will  breeches  like  the  coat,  white  silk. 

yon    dine    there;    Pozxuoli    has    no  E  >ldovan      -    0   - 

inns  to  accommodate  a  person  of  huge  silver  buckles,  la 


your  merit  ;  but  1  have  a  friend  re- 
siding at  that  place,  who  would  be 
happy  to  see  you  in  his  house,  and 
lo  shew  you  every  thing  worthy  of 
your  attention.  Your  horse,  be- 
fore you  hired  it,  was  used  to 
No.  Y.  Vol.  I. 


frills,  and    the    h  lir   fri;  sc  I  in       \ 
number  of  le  curb.     Bui 

for  the  p  mderous  - 

*  Single  -horse     chain  -  g     te 

hackney-coaches  in  Xai 
Pp 


28 1 


LETTERS    FROM    ITALY. 


and  the  queue,  Don  Michelc  might 

have  gone  to  St.   James's   on   the 
king's  birth-day. 

I  stared  ;  but  my  surprise  w;is 
taken  fol  admiration,  and  the  rea- 
son assigned  for  this  eflbrt  of  self- 
decoration,  "  per  far  onorc  alia 
di  lei  persona*." 

Not  to  expose  the  contrast  be- 
tween this  gay  attire,  and   my   ve- 
teran black    coat    and  blue  panta- 
loons, to  the  sarcastic  observations 
of  my  English  friends   in  town,  I 
proposed   to  go    the   more    unfre- 
quented  road  across  the    Uomero 
down   into  the  Pianura:   still  we 
met  several  of  my  fellow-traveller's 
acquaintances,  who  seemed  in  their 
salutations  to  envy  either  his  coat 
or  his   place.     After  descending  a 
very  steep  road,  we  travelled  thro' 
a  most  fertile   plain    of  about   four 
miles,    till   we    arrived  at  another 
rocky  ridge,  round  the   extremity 
of  which   a  road   appears  to  have 
been  cut,  immediately  overhanging 
the   sea,    and    winding    along   the 
mountain  to  the  gate  of  Pozzuoli, 
■which,  on  this  side,  forms  a  most 
picturesque    appearance.      Before 
eight  o'clock  we   halted  at  the  gate 
of  Don  Gi&como's  palace,  who  had 
already   stepped  down    to    receive 
ns,  and  by  way  of  hearty  welcome, 
imprinted  three  savoury  kisses  al- 
ternately on  my  cheeks  and  lips***. 
A    British  ambassador    could    not 
have  been  received  with  greater  ho- 
nours, and  more   cordial   hospita- 
lity, than  were  here  bestowed  up- 
on me.     We  were  ushered  into  the 
best  room,  and  a  breakfast  of  cho- 
colate, cold  meal,  &c.  was  immedi- 
ately served  up.     During  this  re- 

*  To  do  honour  to  your  person. 


past,  it  was  settled,  that  the  fore- 
noon should  be  employed  in  visit- 
ing the  antiquities  along  the  bay  of 
Bajae,  as  far  as  the  promontory  of 
Misenum,  whence  we  were  to  return 
to  dinner  to  Pozzuoli ;  and  that,  in 
the  afternoon,  the  curiosities  in  or 
about  that  town  should  be  inspected. 
u  And,"  continued  our  kind  host, 
M  as   I  have  learnt   from   Don  Mi- 
chele's  letter,  that  our  amico  Inglese 
believes  himself  to  be  in  an  indif- 
ferent state  of  health    (which,  by 
the  bye,    his  looks  contradict),  I 
have  taken  care  to  provide,  besides 
a  good  cicerone,  a  clean  and  decent 
jack-ass,  lest  the  long  walk  in  the 
heat  of  the  day  be  too  fatiguing  for 
him." — Such  a  mark  of  the  most 
delicate    attention    from    an    utter 
stranger,  I  confess,  quite  overpow- 
ered my  feelings  ;  I  was  at  a  loss 
how  to  express  my  sense  of  grati- 
tude.— And  this,    dear  T.    is    the 
people  whom  the  spleen,  or  rather 
the  depraved  heart  of  some  travel- 
lers, has  represented  as  an  unprin- 
cipled set  of  rogues,  ready  to  com- 
mit every  act  of  moral  turpitude  for 
the  sake  of  their  own  interest. 

Fie  upon  the  retailers  of  such 
falsehoods,  who  think  themselves 
competent  to  decry  the  character  of 
a  nation,  whose  language  they  ge- 
nerally do  not  understand  ;  and 
who,  puffed  up  with  their  own  pre- 
judices, liberally  bestow  their  curses 
on  whatever  does  not  come  within 
the  contracted  sphere  of  their  home- 
spun ideas !  Let  them  stay  at  home, 
if  they  can't  eat  roast-beef  and  pud- 
dings with  the  English,  maccaroni 
with  the  Italians,  olla  podrida  with 
the  Spaniards,  ragouts  with  the 
French,  and  sour-crout with  the  in- 
habitants; of  Germany ! 


T.r.iTr  us   rnoM   i  r  \  r  r 


' 


Rut  I  liavc  waxed  wroth,  instead 
ofbeginning  die  recital  ofoui  peace* 
tbli    antiquarian    pilgrimage. 


Mounted  <>n  Balaam's  <  harger,  \v  m  h 
one  of  m\  Italian  friends  <>m  tm  U 
tide,  ;iimI  the  cicerone  in  front,  we 
■trolled  along  the  shores  of  the  bey. 

"  The  ruins    \<>u   see  on    (lie  decli- 

aii\  of  yon  mountain,"  exclaimed 

the  latter,    kt  air  the  r<  mains  of  the 

famous  villa  of  Cicero,  called  by 
him  (lie  Academy,  where  In-  wrote 
his  Academical  Question!*'1 

To    question    ihis    information 
Mould  have  been  \<i\   unacademi- 

en/;  since,  from  more  than  one  an- 
cient author)  it  may  be  proved  that 

tli  is  counlrv  -scat  oft  he  orator's  must 
have  been  situated  at,  or  at  least 
Very  near  to,   (lie   spot    pointed  out 

by  our  guide. 

The  next  object  that  excited  our 
astonishment,  was  themonieitsfoeo, 
a  mountain  of  considerable  height, 

formed    in    the  space  of  one  night 

(19th  September,  1538).  A  terrible 
earthquake,  accompanied  with  vio- 
lent volcanic  eruptions,  gave  birth 

to  this  mountain  ;  at  the  same  time, 
(hat  it  dest roved  or  defaced  the 
whole  of  the  surrounding  country 
from  Poouoli  to  Misenum  :  rich 
vineyards  and  fertile  fields  were  in 
an  instant  converted  into  deserts,  to 
this  day  incapable  of  cultivation. 
The  Roman  buildings,  which  be- 
fore had  stood  nearly  entire,  altho1 

not  completely  annihilated  by  the 
sad  catastrophe,  were  yet  much 
ruined  and  dilapidated. 

Close  to  tin'  monte  nuovo  is  the 

Lucrine  lake,  reduced,  by  the  same 
convulsion  of  nature,  from  a  fine 
expanse  of  water,  to  an  insignificant 
puddle  a  few  yards  in  diameter.  I 
need  not  call  to  your  recollect  ion 
that  its  former  name  was  Co< 


Of  infernal    memory  ;    ind    thai    tie 

lin  i  ath  >    rei  enue    which    am  ient 
Home  drew   from   its  fish 
shell-fish   in  partii  alar,  -  -   •  I  its 
change  of  appellation.      J u renal, 
Martial,  and  llor  ice,  i  (he 

highcsl  terms  of  the  exquisite  fla* 
\ oui  oi  the  Lucrine  oysters.  This 
circumstance  alone  prov< 

iniinication  with  the  tea  j  and.  | 
different    authors    of  antiquity,   ii 

is  e\  ident  that  an  inland  ni\  igation 

formerly  exi  rted  bi  I  ween  th<    «aj  oi 

POXZUOU,  and  the  port  oft  'in; 

the  other  side  of  ihis  peninsula,  by 

means  of  a    (  anal  w  hu  h    COniH 
the  bay  Willi  the    Lucrine  lake,   thr* 
latter    with  lake    Avertnis.   and  lake 
\  vermis  fl  jlh  (he  sea  a(  (  iima  .    (  )n 

ihis  point,   the  following  lines  of 

Virgil  are  decisive,  at  least  half- 
wax   : 

Locii— qne 

.\iqnr  iodignanun  mag  ■     itridcri 

J  ill  11  <1  o:i  pernio  lin^i    ■  gul   g 
I  )llln  UU-c|UI    lolls   lllllilllllllll    .l-ill-    \v 

Immediately  behind  the  Lucrine 
lake,  and  separated  from  it 

rocky  mountain  only,   is  lakeAver- 

nus  (x  .r -., dr.  birdless).     T ho  r 

itself  is  indicative  of  iis  former  in- 
salubrity.  The  pestilential  i    | 
once  rising  out  of  its  bo       •        re- 
ported to  have  been  fatal  to  such 
of  the  feathered  race  ;h  dared  t-> 

approach  it  j  and  no  lis!:,  ofcoUTSC, 
could  tenant  its  infected  element. 

Principta)  qaod  Ath 

id  tin  N 

iii)[u>-itum    CSt|    'jina    Mini    Kvibw    cr.r(r.-,,ij 
CWM  I.-  I  l  ■  .:i  :  l  i  - 

Xo  wonder  then,  dear  T.  if  thr 
ancient  poi  t  -.  w  hose  powers  of  ima- 
gination are  often  of  Munch htu 
compass,  have  marked  Lh is  unhal- 
lowed spot  as  the  site  of  the  infi 
kingdoms,     Our  cicerone  bad 
P  p  2 


2S6 


LETTER8    FROM    ITALY 


trim  to  expatiate  very  prettily  on 
this  topic,  Avlien  Don  Giacomo  sig- 
nificantly shook  his  head,  observ- 
ing how  ridiculous  it  was  to  sup- 
pose that  a  space  so  confined  as  this, 
should  be  able  to  contain  the  accu- 
mulating influx  of  the  impious  souls 
of  the  whole  world,  when  it  was 
evident  that  it  would  not  hold  the 
one-hundredth  part  of  the  wicked 
of  the  little  kingdom  of  Naples, 
even  excluding  its  lawyers.  lie 
therefore  rather  believed  it  to  have 
been  a  kind  of  purgatory,  where, 
upon  an  average,  the  number  of  ar- 
rivals would  not  exceed  the  propor- 
tion of  departures,  and  where,  con- 
sequently, a  moderate  extent  of 
ground  might  well  suffice. 

Don  Michele  tacitly  waited  the 
end  of  his  friend's  learned  disqui- 
sition before  he  declared  his  senti- 
ments on  this  knotty  point.  "  My 
opinion  is,"  exclaimed  he,  with 
his  usual  gravity,  "  that  the  whole 
is  a  parcel  of  lies,  purposely  in- 
vented by  those  gentlemen  of  anti- 
quity, to  make  posterity  believe 
that  the  number  of  pagan  rascals 
Avas  so  inconsiderable  as  to  require 
no  more  elbow-room  than  the  space 
in  which  zee  find  ourselves  at  pre- 
sent would  afford." 

Hut  whatever  foundation,  dear 
T.  there  may  be  in  this  poetical 
tradition,  it  is  certain  that  the  pre- 
sent aspect  of  lake  Avernus  is  such 
as  to  give  rise  to  any  other  than 
gloomy  ideas.  Its  unruffled  waters, 
now  abounding  with  good  fish,  arc 
closely  surrounded  by  romantic 
groupes  of  rocks,  studded  with 
stately  trees  and  shrubs,  ihc  luxu- 
riant foliage  of  which  casts  a  sombre, 
but  pleasing,  shade  over  its  sur- 
face. The  mind  partakes  of  the  si- 
repose  of  nature,  and  the  solem- 


nity of  the  scene  is  heightened  by 
the  ruins  of  two  venerable  temples, 
close  to  the  a\^c  of  the  lake,  and 
the  vicinity  of  the  entrance  to  the 
cavern  of  the  Sibyl.  One  of  the 
former,  which  the  omniscience  of 
our  guide  dedicated  to  Apollo,  is 
sufficiently  entire  to  allow  you  to 
perceive  the  beauty  of  the  architec- 
ture and  the  fineness  of  its  propor- 
tions :  the  outside  is  octangular, 
the  interior  round ;  several  niches 
decorate  the  walls,  and  various 
shrubs  seem  to  supply  its  sunken 
dome.  The  other  edifice,  which, 
with  the  same  Ciceronian  facility, 
was  consecrated  to  Mercury,  has 
suffered  much  more,  and  altogether 
appears  to  have  been  of  inferior 
workmanship  and  materials.  Both, 
however,  from  their  contiguity  to 
the  lake,  may,  for  ought  we  know, 
have  been  baths. 

We  now  proceed  to  the  cele- 
brated cave  of  the  Sibyl,  likewise 
situated  on  the  borders  of  lake 
Avernus,  at  a  few  score  yards  dis- 
tance from  the  temple  of  Apollo. 
Here  my  expectations  were  greatly 
disappointed  :  tradition  has  been 
guilty  of  an  egregious  misnomer  in 
proclaiming  this  excavation  to  have 
been  the  residence  of  the  Cumacan 
gipsy  :  but  you  shall  judge  for 
yourself.  What  bears  the  name  of 
the  Sibyl's  cave,  is  nothing  but  a 
level  subterraneous  passage,  cut 
in  a  straight  line  through  the  rocky 
mountain.  Where  it  ended,  cannot 
at  present  be  ascertained  ;  since, 
after  proceeding  for  about  a  hun- 
dred yards,  the  tunnel  is  choked 
up  by  earth  and  stones  :  but  before 
you  come  to  this  termination,  and 
at  about  forty  paces  from  it,  there 
is  an  aperture  leading  to  some  ex- 
cavated apartments,  into  which  our 


AM  I    I   I   \    >     I.M   I  . 


cicerone  carried  me  oh  bis  ihoul- 
decs,  the  watei  on  the  ground  being 

upwards  of  ;i    fool    liijli.      (  '0111111  ' 
from  R   hoi  sun  into   thil  (lamp   .mil 

cold  grotto,  o  shivering  fit  in  an  in- 

slanl   seized  my  whole  frame  to    III  h 

i  degree,  that  I  felt  no  inclination 
to  c\  plore  the  dreary  rc<  eui  ol 
iliis  aquatic  labj  rinth  at  the  peril  of 
in\  life,  I  instantly  sounded  a 
retreat,  and  presently  joined  mj 
friendi,  who,  more  pi  udent,  or  less 
(in ioui  than  1 1  had  stnj ed  at  the 
outside  w iili  m\   donkey  .     I   have 

eTCT  since  been  aii'jr\  with  tnvsell 
al  this  piece    ol    folly  |    and    at   (his 

moment  am  not  free  from  dread, 
lest  m\  inconsiderate  antiquari  in 
zeal  be  rewarded  bj  an  ague  01  some 

feverish    illness,     which    might,    ill 

earnest,  introduce  me  to  the  regions 

Of  the  depaited. 

This  soi'disant  cave  of  the  Sibyl 
is,  in  my  humble  opinion,  nothing 
else  hut  the  identical  canal  of  com- 


munication bet  weru  lil'       \  \  1 
and  I ,ik  1  iuus:  it  is  pr<  ■  in  the 

din  1  tionol  both  ;  and  it    i;i  h  i 
nal  ex  i  tod,  ol  n  liicli  ma 
boratire  tesl  imonic  i  li  .1 .  v.  no 
Dei  of  doubt,  it  can  have 

existed  in  anj  othci   pi  u 

lake  A  vermis  lies  ma  deep  |u)lloW, 

on    all    sidi  s   surrounded 

rocks  and  moiiu!  U 

lei    ol    »   I  oh  ano.     The  c,i.  Iimsl 

of  the  main  |  the  COVC  be* 

ing  dr\  al  present,  is  (o  be  i<  l  ount- 

ed  foi  bj  tliee.uili  and  rnlili  di  m  It i<  h 

ha\  e  raised  i's  lei  ,1.  ,ind  bi  di. 
can  ic  concussions  which  have  tot  illy 
altered  the  face  of  e, .-is   thing  in 

l!iis  little  peninsula.        Til 

apartments    were   probablj    I 
s<a  -  baths,    il  thej    <  imrannu  itcd 
w  ith  the  wad  1  ;  mi- 

neral baths,  ii  thei  • 
nection  !>  twecn  both. 
(  The  com  his  ion  of  this  h  ttei  <■ 

)U  .1 1 .  j 


AM  Kid  \'S  LETTERS. 


LETTER    II. 


Mi/  dear  it  evt  r  honour*  d  !/.///<  r, 

Tn.\  [  you  are  so  perfectly  sa- 
tisfied with  ray  last  letter,  gives 
me  additional  spirits  to  begin  an- 
other;  and  though  I  have  waited 
for  your  short,  but  delightful  an- 
swer, to  write  in  form,  J  have  nol 
passed  a  day,  or  rather  a  nighl  (for 
it  is  ■  part  of  the  lattei  -  isou 
w  Inch  I  ever  dedicate  toyou  ),  w  ii.'i- 

oul  preparing  materials  for  the  pa- 
per a\  hie     is  no      ••  f  >re  me. 

I  must  confess  that  I  have  nol 
been  so  surprised,  delighted,  or 
instructed,  .is  1  expected  to  be,  on 
my  entering  upon  the  novel  scene 
of  B  town  life  :  and  here   1  cannot 


bul 1  ■   i   a  .1   sure   I  Ii  ive 

everj  rea   m  to  bless  that  ant-. 
ting  skill,  bj    which  yon  prepared 
me  for  the  gaieties,  the  pleas 
and  the    splendour   of  the    world, 
\  on  certainly  employed   all    j 

icity  t  >  instil  inl  »  my 
mind,  bul   without    m\  p  1 
it,    thai     preparatory    knowl* 
which,   though  il  :  lay  have   ii< 
ved   me   of    such    pettj  .    transient 
pleasures  as  arise  from  m  1  i  d 
ty,has  greatly  lessened  the  number 
ol  those  dangers  10   which  i.iev 
rience,  and  particularly  fcmal 
exp<  rience,  is  s{>  liable,  0 
entrance  into  the  world  |  foi  J  must 


2S8 


AMELIA  t    T.r.TTLR*. 


use  the  fashionable  expression)  as 

mine. 

I  am   like  a   person  who,  before 
lie  sets  out  on   his  travels,  has  stu- 
died  the  geography   of  the    conn- 
tries  through  which  he   is  to  pass, 
and  made  himself  acquainted  with 
the    language,    manners,  and  cus- 
toms of  their  inhabitants.    The  ad- 
vantages of  such    previous    know-  | 
ledge  must  be  obvious  to  the  least 
reflection  on  the  subject  :  and  if  it 
is  so  useful  to   a   man    who   is,  in 
some   measure,  already   prepared, 
by  the  structure  of  his  frame,  the 
natural  condition  of  his  mind,  the 
ordinary  cour.se  of  his   education, 
and  the  early  habits  of  his  life,  to 
pass  into  other  regions    and  to  seek 
other  climes,  how  much  must   the 
utility  be  increased,  if  1  may   pro- 
ceed in  my  comparison,  when  the 
youthful  female   is  about  to  leave 
the  fostering  tenderness  of  maternal 
care,  and  to  pass  the  guiltless  li- 
mits of  a  native  home  for  the  other 
hemisphere  of  life,  into  which  so 
many  appear  to  enter  without  any 
preparation  but  the  exterior  accom- 
plishments  of  the   rank   to    which 
they  belong,  or  any  other  notion  of 
it  but  such  as   is  derived  from  the 
fall  icious  representations  of  a  foreign 
governess  or  an  artful  waiting-maid! 
Hence  it  is,  that,  with  a  baby  sort  of 
eagerness  and  curiosity,  they  fly  to 
glare   and  glitter  ;    catch  at  every 
toy  in  the  shew -glass  of  dissipation; 
scarce  weigh  any  thing  as  a  good  or 
an  evil  but  in  the  balances  of  the 
ton  ;  marry  merely  for  a  title  or  a 
fortune  ;  and,  to  make  worse  of  it, 
become  miserable  for  life.    But  while 
the  young  may  be  reasonably  pitied 
who  are  brought  up,  as  it  were,  in 
error,  and  are  taught  to  amble  along 
the  flowery  path  without  being  told 


whither  it  may  lead,  or,  td  least, 
so  told,  as  to  leave  no  salutary  im- 
pression, what  sentiments  are  to  be 
entertained  of  their  conduct,  whom 
experience  and  long  usage  of  the 
world  should  have  taught  better  ; 
who  should  not  only  feel  it  a  plea- 
Mire,  but  consider  it  as  a  duty,  to 
guide  the  young  adventurers  in  the 
right  way,  or  point  out.  the  evils 
which  so  often  lurk  and  hide  their 
serpent  trains  beneath  the  flowers  on 
which  they  tread  ;  what,  I  say,  is 
to  be  said  of  those  fashionable  vete- 
rans, who  are  so  often  seen  to  smile 
at  follies  while  they  are  growing 
into  faulty  habits,  and,  as  it  were, 
countenancing  errors  to  the  very 
moment  that  they  are  becoming 
vices  ?  and  then  the  reflection  is 
dismissed  at  once  with  a  significant 
shrug,  and  an  exclamation  of — 
"  Who  would  have  thought  it !" 
Von,  my  dear  mother,  were  I  by 
your  side,  would,  I  doubt  not,  ren- 
der the  conduct  of  such  persons  in- 
telligible to  me  ;  but  I  can  only 
attribute  it  to  a  depravity  of  the 
mind,  to  an  insensibility  of  the 
heart,  or  having  themselves,  from 
accidental  circumstances,  passed 
down  the  stream  of  time  without  en- 
countering the  shoals,  they  are  con- 
tent to  leave  those  who  come  after 
them,  to  pursue  the  same  course, 
and  to  the  chance  of  the  same  lucky 
fortune. 

You  will  be  pleased  not  to  ima- 
gine that  these  remarks  are  a  sam- 
ple of  my  natural  sagacity  and  un- 
assisted spirit  of  observation  ;  for 
though  you  taught  me  caution,  you 
guarded  me  against  suspicion  :  they 
were  absolutely  forced  upon  me, 
and  you  shall  have  the  history  of 
them. 

On  Wednesday  morning  Iaccom- 


a  m i: i.i  \  I    i  r  n  luw, 


panied  my  .unit    ;uiil   Mi>.     W    

to  an  exhibition  of  pictures,  \\  here 

>vc  met  Mr.  T ,  who  has  railed 

two  01  three  times  in Square 

since  I  have  been  on  inhabitant  <>i 
it.  He  is  I  man  of  very  nmiable 
manners,  and  is  in  high  estimation 
for  his  learning  and  know  led  ■<■  ol 
the  tine  aits:  In*  bad  the  goodness 
to  point  out  to  roe  some  «»i  the  l>ist 
pictures;  and  was  explaining  their 
particular  beauties,  and  the  cha- 
racters  of  their  respective  masters, 
when  the  room  became  so  crowded 
as  to  put  an  end  to  Ids  \ erj  pleas- 
ing and  profitable  lecture,  in  the 
evening  we  met  him  again  at  La  Ij 

li 'i.  party,    when   be  drew    a 

chair  behind  mine,  and  renewed  the 
subject  of  the  morning,  which  lie 
rendered  extremely  interestin 
onlv  by  the  perspicuous  and  in- 
structive  manner  in  which  he  treat- 
ed it,  but  by  a  most  animated  at- 
tack on  Bonaparte,  which  he  con- 
nected with  it.     lie  accused  him  of 

having  torn  down  the  finest  pic- 
tures of  the  first  masters  from  the 
rerj  situations  in  the  churches,  and 
other  public  edifices,  in  Rome  and 
other  place's,  for  which  those  cele- 
brated artists  bad  expressly  painted 
and  adapted  them,  in  Order  i(^  mis- 
place diem  in  that  abominable  de- 
pository of  Btolen  goods,  the  gal- 
lery ofthe  Louvre,  w  here,  headded. 
they  arc  so  disposed,  that,  besides 
the  injtfry  which  many  ot  them 
have  sustained  from  their  removal, 
they  aii- seen  in  such  unfavourable 
lights,  as  to  lose  a  very  large  por- 
tion of  their  beauties.  1  cannot  re- 
collect the  names,    hut   Mr.  T 

mentioned,  with  uncommon  feeling, 
the  rate  of  a  very  favourite  picture 
ol  his.   m\   which    he  had  so  often 

faced  with  little  less  (ban  rapture, 


in  SOme  chun  B,    I    think   it  .    i  i 

I  lorence.    Tins  dii  inc  |  i 

he  called  it,  re  pre*  nting  the  1 1  ••!  v 

ii  and  c  hild,    before     M  hi. 

man}   pious  knees  h  id.  foi  n 
succession  of  j  eai  -.  bt  e  i  daily  I 
whi<  h  so  mani  artists  bad  itu 
and  none  could  rival  ;   a  h 
received,  ii  an  the  foi 
oi  all  <  ounti  ir>.  the  tribute  ot 
miration  ;    naj  .    a  bich   the 
master  himself  had  painted  for  thai 
particul  n  thai .  and  had  pi  i 

as   a  git)    lo   the  <  liurch    ot    Ins  p  ,. 
Iron  saint.   ;is  an  offering  of  his  pi- 

ei\  ;  tins  picture  bas  actual  I  j  I 
ii  msfei red  to  the  profane  put 
ol  decorating  the  dressing-room  of 
Madame    Bonap  u  i«-.       \  ou    will 
readily  imagine,    my  dearest 
i  her.  the  energetic  manner  in  whii  h 
Mr.  '1'— —  delivered  himself  on  ll  • 
occasion  ;    nor   will  you    l>"    at    a 
I  >>■<   to  «  onceive   with    w  hat   atten- 
tive silence    your   da,  t    (o 
hear  him.      And    now    lor   ti;. 
elusion  : — The  gent]  man    had  no 
Sooner  left    me  than    I    Jell  the  tap 
ofa  Ian  on  my  shoul  ler  ;   an  I  on 
turning  round,                        !.-rlv 

I  id\  ,     one    o:'   (hat    -.per:.--     w  lio.n 

Lady    Elizabeth   calls   i 

was  there,  (osay,  in  a  half  win 

•'  I  have  been  obscrviugyou,  J 

.    foi    Some   time,   unci    1    c 

you  will  not  encourage  I 

same"    Mr.    T to   ma!. 

you  :   for  though  he  !  |  very 

sensible  and  clever  kind  of  a  man, 

he  Ins  not.  lo  my  know  1 -J 

twelve  or  fifteen  bundn  d  pom 

year  ;   and  that  you  know,  my 
will  not  i\o  for  \  ou."     And   I 
I  could  explain  mj 
bled.  The  poor  old  lady  had  I  ■ 

that   all  Mr.    T *^    lament 

over  a  forlorn  picture,  was  a  pi 


2S0 


AMELIA  s    LHTTEIIS. 


live  love-tale  to  jour  happy  daugb-  I 
tor.     I  could  not  help  smiling  at 
this  intermeddling  mistake  ;  and  I  I 
verily  believe,   if  Lady  Elizabeth 
IiHvl  been  thereto  have  received  the  j 
communication,  I  should  have  made 
an  hearty  laugh  of  it.     But  this  is 
noi  all. 

I  had  scarcely  recovered  from  my 
surprise,  when  I  found  another  beau 
had  taken  possession  of  the  chair 
which  Mr.  T had  so  lately  oc- 
cupied :  i(  was  no  less  a  person- 
age, I  assure  you,  than  the  fashion- 
able Mr.  X .  .After  suppress- 
ing a  yawn,  he  made  some  very  ge- 
neral, common-place,  unmeaning 
observations  on  the  opera  :  glanced 
an  opinion  of  some  of  the  perform- 
ers ;  hinted  an  admiration  at  the 
dancing  of  Vcstris  ;  and  after  com- 
plaining of  the  dire  length  of  win- 
ter, and  declaring  he  languished 
for  a  vernal  squeeze  in  Kcnsington- 
gardens,  he  condescended  to  make 
a  few  observations  on  the  company  : 
with  all  of  which  J  chimed  in  with 
a  complaisant  yes  or  no,  as  respec- 
tively suited  them  :  when,  after 
at  least  live  minutes  of  silence,  and 
a  solemn  contemplation,  as  it  ap- 
peared to  me,  of  his  feet,  asked,  me 
if  I  did  not  think  his  shoes  possess- 
ed an  uncommon  brilliance  ?  The 
question  was  rather  unexpected,  I 
must  own  ;  but  fortunately  for  my 
credit  and  character,  I  answered 
that  they  had  so  fine  a  gloss,  I 
could  almost  suppose  they  were 
sal  in.  This  reply  of  mine  operated 
on  the  gentleman  like  an  electrical 
stroke,  and  seemed  to  rouse  him  at 
on<  e  into  an  active  consciousness  of 
existence  :  his  eyes  brightened,  his 
countenance  glowed,  his  voice  as- 
turned  a  new  tone,  and  he  proceeded 
to  explain  to  me  the  lustre  of  his 


feet.  It  was  produced — by  "what, 
think  yon,  my  dearest  mother?  I 
think  you  will  laugh  till  you  cry 
again, — why,  by  the  curious  com- 
position of  his  blacking;  which  in- 
stead of  being  compounded  of  com- 
mon ingredients  and  vulgar  oils,  is 
indebted,  for  its  consistency  and  su- 
perior polish,  to  the  jellies  and  jams 
of  the  finest  fruits.  I  literally  re- 
peat his  very  words.  He  added,  that 
half  the  young  men  of  fashion  in 
town  had  striven  in  vain  to  equal 
him  in  this  essentialarticle  of  dress  ; 
nay,  that  some  of  them  had  offered 
very  high  bribes  to  his  servant  to 
betray  the  receipt ;  but  that  he  still 
walked  the  streets  of  London  in 
boots,  and  trod  every  fashionable 
carpet  in  shoes  of  unrivalled  lustre. 
With  this  proud  piece  of  informa- 
tion he  left  me,  looking  at  his  feet 
as  he  walked  off,  till  the  crowd  of 
the  room  prevented  him  from  in- 
dulging in  the  gaze  of  those  inte- 
resting objects.  1  have  gained,  also, 
some  additional  lustre  on  the  occa- 
sion ;  for,  in  the  course  of  the  even- 
ing, he  observed  to  several  people, 
some  of  whom  communicated  the 
flattering  unction  to  me,  that  I  was 
a  very  tine,  elegant,  sensible  girl. 
In  a  very  few  minutes,  however,  1 
had  another  tap  on  my  shoulder 
from  the  same  fan  as  before  ;  and 
the  same  kind  old  lady  whispered 
to  me,  that  I  might  let  that  young 
man  make  love  to  me  as  long  as  I 
pleased,  for  that  he  had  twelve 
thousand  pounds  a  year. 

Thus,  my  dearest  mother,  wai 
your  Amelia  supposed  to  be  seri- 
ously admired  by  one  gentleman, 
who  was  in  love  with  the  picture  of 
a  Madonna,  and  by  another  who  was 
enamoured  of  his  boots  and  shoes  ; 
but  you  will  believe  me,  when  I  as- 


lltBTO  i(  n  A  I.     \-  '  .,i   s  i     ..[      rilE    i  11 1  M 


sun-  \  'in.  id  ii  were  I  compelK  <!  I 

lii.i i  iv   one  or  the  "'In  i .   I    liould     i<>  be  adutiluh 

pi  fer  «j,<x>i!  &  use  w  ith  twelve  hun-    ra 

drcd    ;i-\r.u.   !.»   i. >iii  Ii     l<»ll\    with  Bll< 

twelve    ill".,   mi!  :    the   fbrrocrj    at     mark  a    with    whicl     I    i  I 

l      : .  might  bappilj    i  in*  \    that   I 

bore  some  resemblam  t  to  I  fa  \  i  ui  -     d< 

ite  picture)  and  become  fond  of  me;     with  the  thai   I 

a\  lulr  the  latti  want  to  jap  in     j 

ui.'.  or  be  disposed  to  unalti  re  I 

^Iih.I  of  me  :  and  that  i-  i  submi  \ 


HISTORICAL  ACCOl  NT  OF  THE  CRIMEA. 


rr.n  n. 


Mr.    Edi  I  o  tr ,  in.       T 

Bi  for]   I  proceed  to  prive  yon     thii  event   is   b      n    by    JV.' 


some  account  of  the  southern  part 


I'  •!!  is,  \\  ho  has 


of  the  Crimea^  ii  maj  not  be  unin-  ins  for  t!      i 

teresting   to  \<>ur    readers   to   call  iliis   hind  of  Volcano*.       I 

their  attention,  for  a   moment)  to  "On  tin                                    ;i<t 

the     opposite     direction    toi '  11      ;  heard  at  sut 


Kertch  and  Ti  aikal,  rendered  n  - 
markable  for  the  eruptions  of  mud 
ili.it  li.ur  ,m\  eral  tim<  a  occurred 
in  their  neighbourhood.  I  hoc 
eruptions  are  attended  witli  all  ih<- 
usual  appearances  of  volcanoa,  and 


ol     .  pposite 

and  one  hundred  and         . 

from    the  shore,    a    subterrai 

rumbling, 

mendous   thunder,     the     sui 

Bud    alarm    of  tin*   special 


in  travelling  between   Kertch    and  I  considerably  a 


Tenikal,  manj  <>l  the  opening 
fori  ler  eruptions  may  be  si  en,  with 
many  deep  gulphs,  which  fre- 
quently in  summer  throw  out  mud 
and  bubbles  of  air.  Around  these 
gulphs  the  ground  is  elastic,  and. 
if  jumped  upon,  shakes  and  (rem- 
l>l  n  for  some  minutes ;  it  is  also  full 
of  crevices,  and  has  man)  chasms, 


In"-,  aft  r  an  i  a  similar 

cannons  hot,  an  isle  ; 
pulchral    hillock,   rising  from  ihe 
bottom   of  tin-  se  i,  n  hicl 

This  isle 
level  of  1 1  I 

to  be  nearly  a  hundred    mthoi 

- 


through   which   a     hot    vapour   is  I  split  and  <  ect  1     d  and  st< 

emitted,   that   sensibly  affects   the  an  eruption  of  fire  and    sm 

surrounding  atmosphere.    The  most  covered    the 

remarkable  of  these  eruptions  hap-  time  required  bj  aatnre  for  el 
pened  on  the  5tb  of  Sept.  nig  this  chart 


tin'  sea  of  Asoph,  about  four  i 
distance  from  Tenikal,  opposite  to 


was  so  impetuous,  tint 
ao  one  could  tnM   li ,  •    ibe 


ihe  town  of  Temurk,  on  the  isle  ol    element)  in  a  vei  the  pur- 

Xo.   I  .  Vol.  I.  Q  q 


OOj 


HISTORICAL    ACCOUNT    OF    TIIF,    CltlMF.A. 


pose  of  risiting  the  island,  which 
appeared  to  have  an  elevation  of 
two  fathoms  above  the  waves,  ami  i 
was  quite  black  from  the  disgorge- 
ment of  mud  t licit  had  taken  place. 
The  same  day,  at  seven  o'clock  in 
the  evening,  two  strong  shocks  of 
an  earthquake  were  felt  at  Ekater- 
inodar,  which  is  two  hundred 
wersts  distance  from  hence.  Sub- 
sequent accounts  respecting  this 
isle  concur  in  describing  it  to  be 
seventy-two  fathoms  in  length  by 
forty-eight  in  breadth,  with  an  ele- 
vation of  seven  (cot  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  The  following  year  I 
learned  (hat  this  isle  had  been  either 
dissolved  by  the  waves,  or  had 
again  sunk,  no  traces  being  then 
perceptible  at  the  surface." 

lie  accounts  for  these  eruptions 
in  the  following  manner:  "  It  ap- 
pears to  me  probable  that  a  stratum 
of  stone-coal,  or  bituminous schis- 
tus,  bums  at  a  considerable  depth 
beneath  the  isle  of  Tainan,  as  well 
as  under  a  part  of  the  peninsula  of 
Kertch  ;  that  the  sea,  or  the  water 
of  its  gulph,  having  found  the 
means  of  penetrating  the  cavities 
occasioned  in  many  parts  from  the 
eruptions  of  this  concentrated  fo- 
cus, there  must  have  resulted  a 
mass  of  vapours,  or  gas,  of  several 
kinds,  which,  being  once  introdu- 
ced, have  passed,  by  their  elasti- 
city, through  the  clefts  of  the  up- 
per layers,  the  old  gulphs,  and, 
in  short,  every  part  at  which  they 
found  the  least  resistance,  and  ef- 
fected an  outlet  at  the  top,  with  a 
cracking,  occasioned  at  the  period 
of  fresh  muddy  eruptions  :  the 
result  of  which  I  have  treated,  as 
well  as  the  combustion  of  inflam- 
D  al  \(  gas,  a\  liich  was  of  short  du- 
>n,    from    it*    being    speedily 


condensed  by  the  external  air.  As 
soon  as  the  force  of  the  vapours  of 
the  fiery  stratum  ceased  loact  upon 
that  above  it,  because  the  vapours 
themselves  had  found  an  outlet, 
the  torn  and  perforated  beds  of  this 
stratum  would  naturally  sink,  and 
by  their  pressure  would  afford,  by 
means  of  the  new  opening,  at  first 
a  rapid,  and  afterwards  a  slower 
passage  to  the  mud  originating 
from  the  ashes  of  the  burned  strata 
and  the  sea-water  that  had  gained 
admission.  Hence  arises  that  sa- 
line principle  which  is  found  in  this 
swoln  mud  ;  and  the  same  argu- 
ments will  account  for  the  appear- 
ance of  the  roots  of  reeds,  or  rush- 
es, which  the  sea,  on  introducing 
itself  in  the  subterraneous  space, 
had  brought  with  it,  and  mixed 
with  the  mud  ;  and  lastly,  we  may 
thus  account  for  those  fragments  of 
several  species  of  stones,  the  strata 
of  which  were  probably  lying  one 
upon  another,  and  were  perforated 
and  broken  by  the  vapours.  The 
singularity  of  meeting  with  these 
rents  or  fractures  several  times  on 
the  hillocks  where  the  resistance 
naturally  appeared  more  consider- 
j  able  than  on  the  plain,  may  be  at- 
I  tributed  to  the  probability  that 
these  hillocks,  having  perhaps  been 
!  entirely  formed  by  more  ancient 
1  eruptions,  and,  in  consequence, 
having  still  internally  the  focus  of  a 
gulph,  the  vapours  could  there 
more  easily  find  an  outlet. 

"  At  least  it  appears  that  this  is 
the  case,  beyond  a  doubt,  with  re- 
spect to  the  gulph  of  Kukuobo,  and 
that  of  Kull-tepe  ;  and,  perhaps, 
even  the  insensible  sinking  of  the 
isle  of  Taman,  is  only  owing  to  the 
gulphs  and  the  interior  eruptions 
caused  by  tueaea^  which  have  thus 


niRTbmcAL  account  of   1 1. 1    cm  mi: a. 


: 


fill*  (I   the  v\  hole  island  » ilh   fra<  - 
ture .  and  <li  v  isions." 

The  cleat nesi  and  soli  litj  <>l  (Ik- 
i.  i  mi->  ^ i \ < •  n  by  flic  professor  in 
(liis  account  of  i In-  <  m  ics  of  these 
em  pi  ion-.,  i  at  is  fie*  the  mind  ai  to 
t  Inn  o!  i  •  in,  .mil  ; bat  their  action 
is  siill  kept  up,  i he  e nlpli  and  fi  - 
sures     near     l\<  i tch     sufficieuf  l\ 


(•I  any   Kind.      The  views  a ' 
<>i  liii  h  ise  i  !i<-  elevation  vk  oul  I 
one  to  ex |  illy  excl 

li\  the  ti<    -     .in' 

yet  it  i     impl  •     i 

bj  the  shade  they  afford,  ind  liie 
r<  fret  lung  brt  eze  that  <  oust  mtly 
hidw  s  amongst  then .      .  the 

next  i  allej ,  w  here  lh< 


evince.      Earthquakes,     however,  derable  village  j  it  extends  towards 
seldom  happen  in  the  Crimea,  and  the  sea  nearly  two  miles  and  a  I 
when  thej  do,  ili<\    appear  nc4  to  and  from  its  being  so  mm  h  shelter- 
extend   beyond   a  certain    circum-  ed  by   tin-  high   mountains  which 
-.  ribed  district,  which  we  m  i\  well  run  towards  tlie  south-east,  i  ■  i 
suppose  is  that  occupied  by  the  sub-  oued  one    of   the     hottest    iu    the 
terranean  fire  about  i'"1  isthmus  "i  Crimea.     Gra]  .    pom 
Kertch  and    the   isle    ol    Tainan.  Bates,                   ■  i ow   bet     in  the 
The   singularity  of  this  phenome-  greatest    luxuriance,  and  Iheinha- 
non  having  withdrawn  me  from  the  bitants  have  many  vineyards  well 
intended  purport  of  iliis  letter,  I  walled  in  with  hVee-stone,  i  I   arhich 
shall  imw  return  to  it,  and  proceed  also  their   bouses    are    built  ;    thai 
A>iili  m\  intended  tour    from  Cuffa  neighbouring   mounts 
to Sebastopol.  them  an  abundant   supplj    of  it. 

The  view  of  Caffa    is  soon   ^Imi  NcarSousice,  orSoudak,  in 

out  by  the  cape  behind  which  it  is  aids  adjoining  tin 

Bituated,  the  road  leading  you  ovei  traveller   i-*  delighted  \v  it fi  one 

a  ridge  of  mountains  into  theval-  the  greatest   luxuries  a  hot  clii 

ley  of  Ot us,  one  of  the  most  beau-  can  offer  him;  a  cooling 

liful  of  the  Crimea,  and  where  the  offering  its   crystal    waters   to   !ii-> 

traveller,    wearied   with    the  heat,  parched  tongue,  and,  as  it  were,  to 

fi;i<U  shasle  from  the  most  luxuriant  invite  him  to  repose  here,  the  \  r<>- 

trees,  and  refresh  men)   from   foun-  prietor  has   erected  a  cotl 

tains  of  the  coolest  water.     In  tin-  his  accommodation :  of  this,  Im>\*- 

valley  there  is  also  a  beautiful  ri\u-  ever,  few  avail  themsei 

let,  which,  meandering  through  it,  rather  to  enjoy  the  luxury  of  as   if 


fertilises   the   soil,  and   renders    it  D  upon  the  enamelled  grass,  bei 

favourable  fur  the  culture  of  the  the  shade  of  two  i              poplars, 

vine,  fruit  trees,  and  corn.     Two  that  grow    upon   the  edgi    o 

villages,    situated    near    to     each  fountain.     From  hence  you 

other,  oc    .;  y  this   favour  L  spot ;  diatety  enter  the  vallej  <-i  S 

ami  their  inhabitants, uninterrupted  vhich    is  about   three   miles 

by  the  agitations and anxi<  tit  sol  the  and  i\w>  wide,  and  is  I 

lest    of  the   world,  here  enjoy,   in  excellent  wines,    the                    of 

tranquillity, a  pari  lise  that  is  trulj  vineyards  having  an  incluiation  to 

enviable.      From  lliis   valley    tli.  the  south,  from  which  the  .. 

road  soon  ascends  again  into  naoun-  re  a  rich 

tains,  which  are  covered  with  i  -    ■                  c  in  more* 

lad  is  impracticable  for  carriages  situations.     Itiswatei              reral 

Q  q 


294 


historical  accocxt  of  the  Crimea. 


rivulets,  which,   being    conveyed 
by  canals,   give  fertility  to  every 

part. 

At  the  entrance  of*  this  valley 
stands  the  ancient  c  ry  <•!'  Sondak, 
once  so  considerable  as  to  give  iis 
name  to  the  whole  Crimea,  which 
it  retained  till  it  was  taken  ii  !  •  5 
by  the  Genoese;  it  then  lost  its 
trade  and  consequence  in  ;he  pre- 
ponderating opulence  and  security 
offered  by  its  rival,  Caffa,  the  s  rat 
of  tin*  Genoese  government.  Al- 
though theGenoese  wished  to  en- 
courage the  trade  of  Caffa  in  pre- 
ference to  every  oilier  port  of  the 
Crimea,  they  were  fully  sensible 
of  the  eligible  situation  of  Soudak, 
and  fortified  it  with  great  care,  as 
the  ruins  of  the  walls,  at  (his  day, 
ciently  evince  ;  and  the  re- 
mains of  a  strong  fort,  upon  a 
mountain  close  to  the  sea,  embrace 
a  large  space,  running  quite  up  to 
its  top,  and  form  a  very  picturesque 
appearance,  especially  a  square 
tower  bound  round  with  iron, 
which   is  situated  on  the  very  top 


inscriptions ;  but  all,  as  is  the  cus- 
tom with  the  Turks,  more  or  less 
mutilated,  particularly  the  human 
fi  rures,  which  have  invariably  their 
-  broken  olF.  Their  mosques, 
no  doubt,  were  originally  Christian 
churclu  s,  an-l  afterwards  converted 
by  h(  M  hon  .  ans  into  places  of 
worship  for  tb<  inselves.  From  hence 
there  is  a  most  commanding  \  :.ew  of 
iiir  pi  rt  and  harbour,  capable  of 
v  outaining  all  the  ships  ot  the  Black 
Sea,  and  which  once  was  filled  v.  ith 
them,  am!  enlivened  by  the  busy 
hum  of  man  ;  affording  now,  by  its 
contrast,  a  melancholy  picture  of 
the  revolutions  of  the  work:,  andojf 
the  stat<  10  which  cities  that  now 
proudly  raise  their  heads  may  be 
reduced.  The  only  advantage  de- 
rived from  this  ancient  port,  and 
for  which  alone  it  is  valued  by  its 
present  possessors,  is  the  excellent 
fish  and  oysters  it  produces,  and 
which  are  not  only  in  the  greatest 
abundance,  but  of  the  most  exqui- 
site flavour. 

The  city  itself  affords  no  parti- 


of  the  rock,  hanging  immediately  i  cular  object  worthy  of  attention, 
over  the  edge  of  a  dreadful  prcci-  but  its  environs  are  strikingly  ro- 
pice.  This  lower  is  apparently  of  mantic  ;  and  to  a  genius  !ikr  Salva- 
much  higher  antiquity  than  the  tor  Rosa,  would,  from  tie-  av iltl 
other  fortifications ;  and  what  lends  I  and   picturesque  forms  which  the 


probability  lo  this  conjecture,  is, 
the  tradition  which  .lie  inhabitants 
retain  of  ifs  having  been  the  prison 
of  a  Greek  princess,  whose  merci- 
less ravisher  detained  her  in  it  till 
she  ended  her  melancholy  days; 
and  superstition  asserts  that  she  re- 
gularly  appears  and    bemoans  her 

The  ruins  of  the  citadel  also  de- 

i    ::■!;  :;li<nr,     in     the     wails   of 

which,    as  also     in  those    of    two 

Turkish    mosques,    are  still  to  be 

seen  many  pieces  of  seuipture  and 


rocks  assume,  be  invaluable  ;  for 
here,  from  their  destruetable  na- 
ture (being-  chiefly  a  compound  of 
sand-stone),  they  have  assumed 
forms  more  various  than  possibly 
any  of  the  greatest  masters  of  paint- 
ing ever  beheld.  In  the  midst  of 
this  scene  of  desolation  you  sud- 
denly find  yourself  in  a  grove  of  de- 
licious fruit-trees,  sloping  down 
from  the  side  of  a  hid,  winch,  as  if 
in  fairy  land,  present  I  heir  tempt- 
ing fruits  lo  your  hand,  and  irre- 
sistibly   impress   your   mind   with 


liiMit     pilOM     IN     MM  I     I     TO     \     l   \rllln\  \  l:i. I      PIIVMriAN 


the  idea  flint,  from  some  such  scenes         In  .1    hall  < 

u  these,  M  iliomet  rnu     have  foi  lion  of  tbi 


ril  his  description  of  I  ■■  \y 

abode  ) < » r  (hose  thought  worthy  <>t 
liis  paradise. 


J.  II.  M 


LETTER  FROM  \N.  LRTISTTO  A  FASHION  IBLE  PHI  5If  I  w. 

/)<  ar  '  v< "  /hi  .  or  other,    |><-  iple  i   ii  a 

Vol   begin  in  become  n  ce-  i  i<>  be  without  one.     Su|>- 

lebrated  character,  which  I  conclude  posing,    I1 

from  certain  sign    thai   seldom  de-  crooked,  never  mind  that;   1  shall 

ceive.    People  are  even  where  en-  contrive  to  im.--.-ui   the  best  side  of 

quiring  what  kind  ol  ;■  mnn  you  are  it  to  the  spectator.     If  you  squint, 

,\  hat  ••ii ■".  ul  irities  \  on  li;i\  <•  —and 
how  you  look  l>c»ili  when  you  are 
pic  ise  I    Hid  out  <»f  temper.     (  me 


I  shall  be  heartilj  .1  I  i  the  cir- 
cumstance; for  in  that  case  we  may 
i        :  one  <\  e  to  the  i '  1  the 

who  excites  the  public  curi  isit)  to    other  to  the  practice  of  ph 

such  a  degree,  cannot  fail  to  become  |  you  have  written  on   both: 

a  great  man,  that  is  to  say,  his  por-     ind  ed  it  would  almost  be  a  pil     K 

trait  u  ill  infallibly  I  e  <  ngraved  ;  and 

as  it  can  make  m>  diffe  ence  to  von 

v  I  cili'  r  I  or  an  j  othei  irl  ist  engrave 

\ ours,  I  hope  yi  u  » ill  not  refui 

(lie  honour  of  doing  it.     As  I  have 


\  -mi  did  nol  squint.  II  this  .is  it 
m  ill,  3  mi  m  ij  safely  trust  me  m  iih 
\  our  person,  for  I  >lo  assun  you  it 
will  fall  into  i  ds.     Ma 

learned   (!<>>  tor   ha\ e   I 
a  knack  at  sketching  portraits,  be- II  even  among  thoae   who  are  i 

iver,    I   shall  ;  preaching,   thai   vanity   is  a 
call  j  •  \    soon  to  look  at  you  and    deadly  disease  than  th- 
if  you   have    anj    visible   deform-     have  adorned   them  with  so  many 
in    .  you  ma)    relj    upon  my  dis-     beauties  and   perfect  in  lure 

crction.     A  good  designer  is  a  re  >m  lavishes  upon  a  philosopher, 

doctor,  who  cures  in  (I:  •  best  man-  '   I   understand  the  art  of  ' 
nei  alli  he  del  i  :elebrate<l  pe  -     fi  ■<  ilea  and  |  imples  from 

pie.     I   hive   made  drawings  of  a  to  restore  to  the  aged  the 

least  lift \  hump-backed  men  of  let-     ch   rms  ol   youth,  and  to  ii 
ters,  init  ha  vc  never  y el  delineated  ■■     dullest  pedant  with  vanity.     !  . 
single  hump.    In  the  engraving  the)      »onl  to  the  face  and  geniu 
allappearasstitf,  straight,  and  slim  , 
as  rushlights.      It    \ ou   h  ipp<  n   to 
have   hui  one  eye,    I   should  taki 
your  portrait   from  the  favourable 
side.      I>ui    In  i\  i  ,i   e  "ini   that   \  ou 
may  have  a  good  nose  !   Mo  cure  in 
the  \\ hole    1. 1  of  j  ortrait-pain 
is  m>  ditticull    is  to  in  ike  a   i 
ed    nose  straight  ;    an  !    unluckily 
the  nost-  must  not  !>■  omitted,  be- 
cause, from  some  ridi  prcju- 


s\  i  ^.       I  .i  I  a  man  be  I  VCl  so  stll 
it    he  h.:s  lull  writfc  a  B 

he  is  transformed  by  my  art  ii 

tie  author.      I    mi 
-  vi  Inch  no  judge,  n  t  i  ren  the 
<  ellor  himself,  need  bt 
i  :   and    •  i  m  a  |  erson  i 
to  subjom   a    mo;  I     •  .     I 

over  his  head  the  I 
e  with  two  trump*  ts  and 

|  drof 


996 


n\  urn   waste  or  agrici'Ltchal  produce. 


kettle-drums;  while  ali  the  iraple- ||  her  eggs.  I  earnestly  recommend 
incuts  am1  materials  of  the  sciences  you  i<>  make  trial  of  my  skill,  and 
are  poured  forth  at  !>is  feet,  ih  &c.  &c. 

may  brood  over  them  like  a  hen  o\er  jl  Hog  aim  iiulus. 


CONCEALMENT  OF   A   BANKRUPTS  EFFECTS. 


Mr.  Editor, 

You  will  much  oblige  me  by 
procuring,  through  the  medium  of 
some  of  the  co  i  ial correspond- 

ents to  your  valuable  Repository, 
information  on  the  following  points, 
as  they  concern  commercial  men 
and  others,  and  to  insert  them  as 
they  are  here  add  need . 

J.  What  degree  of  guilt  can  be 
attached  to  a  mercantile  dealer,  who 
will  know  ingly  Buffer  the  goods  and 
effects  of  a  bankrupt  to  be  secreted 
in  his  house,  cellars,  and  store,, 
for  the  purpose  of  assisting  the 
bankrupt  to  defraud  his  creditors 
under  his  commission  ? 

iJ.   Are  the  goods  of  a  bankrupt 


|  so  concealed,    considered   by   mer- 
!  cantile  men  as  fit  for  legal  purchase 
by  the  dealer  wiio  assists  in  secret- 
ing them  ? 

3.     What   punishment    the   law- 
inflicts   upon    commercial   men   or 
others,  who  will  secret  the  person 
or  property  of  a  bankrupt,  knowing 
that  he   has  absented  himself  from 
I  his  meetings,  and  absconded  from 
j  his  creditors  ;  and   who  will  assist 
personally,  by  aid  and  design,  the 
final  escape  of  the  bankrupt  from 
j  his  majesty's  dominions  ? 
Your's,  &c. 

Straight  Forward. 
Little  Present-street, 
April  7/7*. 


ON  THE  WASTE  OF  AGRICULTURAL  PRODUCE. 

LETTER    III. 

TO  THE  EDITOR. 
Sir,  ||  the  side  of  the  road,  where  it  is  to- 

In  pursuance  of  the  plan  which  tally  lost  to  the  purposes  of  agri- 
I  have  proposed  to  myself  1  shall  culture,  either  as  food  for  animals 
now  make  some  observations  on  tin-     or  manure  for  the  kind. 


waste  of  hay  upon  the  public  roa  Is, 
which  is  so  consid  rable  in  this 
country,  that  the  quantity,  if  pre- 
served, would  feed  several  thou- 
sand head  of  cattle  fi'.  lor  the  slaugh- 
ter-house. 

A  traveller  may  observe,  upon 
all  roads  that  are  much  used  by 
,o"s,  a  quantity  of  bay  sc  it- 
tered  upon  them.  In  situations  ex- 
posed to  the  wind,  it  is  generally 
blown  into  the  grips  or  cinches  on 


Of  all  the  species  of  waste  that 
agriculture  is  liable  to,  tins  is,  in 
proportion  to  the  quantity,  the  most 
injurious;  for,  in  other  cases,  where 
the  nutriment  is  Lost  as  food  for  man 
or  beast,  the  grosser  paits  are  pre- 
served for  manure  ;  but  the  scrap- 
es of  public  roads  being  the  pro- 
,  of  the  commissioners,  are 
rarely,  if  ever,  converted  to  the 
purposes  of  agriculture  :  they  are, 
in  some  places,  piled  in  heaps  by 


ii    oi     \    i'  rr  rr.rni  at.   produce. 


the  aide  '>(  the  road,  where  Ihr) 
have  I  Liti  .:• .  umulatii  f  fi  i  nwni\ 
years,  <  (infracting  tl  r i  • ,  and 
obsti  in  Mi 

The  finj  i    '  ittercd  by  the  s 
ful   custom  of  feeding    the    Ii 
from  the  hand  of  the 
liis  cadd(  e,   while  vvalkim      n  the 
road.     The  teams  <ii  m in  j   -.( .1  -r«- 
wagj  |   fed  in  this 

w  ;i  v  between  theii   >  med  h    i- 

lea  of  c  ill  :  and  the  farraei  'a  aer- 
>  .-1  nt .  w  hen  li<*  goes  w  ith 
born  to  market,  ii  ii  ia  at  some  dia- 
tance,  generally  takes  ;i  bundle  of 
ti:i\  to  feed  his  hoi  8<  s  on  the  road  : 
;i  considerable  portion  of  this  hay 
la  trampled  under-fool  at  the  wa  1  - 
ing-houscs,  the  vicinitj  of  which 
is  always  .shewed  w  ith  if. 

This  waste,  though  ii  nay  ippcar 
trifling  to  indii  iduala,  ia  of 
amounl  in  the  ite,  and  .1  se- 

rious loss  to  the  o    .   tunil  j    indi- 
vidually ;    it  ia  enough  to  en« 
the  attention  of  everj  man  that  haa 
a  team  of  cattle  upon  the  road. 

In  the  city  of  London,  where 
everj  article  of  animal  food  finds  a 
market  and  its  value,  soi  te  propri- 
etors of  horses,  considering  the  dif- 
ference between  profit  and  loss,  have 
adopted  an  economical  bog,  made 
of  hair,  iulo  which  the  hay,  after 
being  reduced  into  short  particles 
by  the  chaff-knife,  is  put,  and  is 
10       limes    mixed    with     cut    straw 

and  corn.     This  bag  ia  fas 
the  head-stall  af  the  bridle  or 
ler,  after  ii  is  drawn  on  the  muzxle 
of  mouth  of  the  horse.     It  is  more 
effectual  than  a  manger,  as  he  can- 
atotblow  out   his  food   by  snorting, 
and   the    open    work    of   : 
clot li,  of  which  the  bags  are  made. 


id  nit    ; 

and  u  lien  linn-  cannot 

the  animal  to  take  his  food  fron 

B    mO«1  ell.  .'111! 

stitul  I 

\(  I  the  ro  id,  and  Iraw- 

1  1  I      n  canal         hey  w  >uld 
the    whole   of 

■  r. 

h  I         m       ii>e.     Ti 
feeding    from   1  h  ($e   nefa 
I-  e   mm  h   h  j .    !  .     is   droj  . 
from  the  mouth  in  the  acl  ot  masti- 

n,  but  a  •:!■  if  d<    1  1-  di 
out  by  the  hedges  as  thej  pass  along. 
The  hair  bag  haa  a  gr<  at  advan- 
tage over  the  net,  from  its  contain- 
ing cut  food,  w  liu  h  treat  I3  a« 
mastic  at  ion,    and    rendera  ii 

••■  mixing  of  bruised 
corn  w  ith  the  chaff. 

:  te  is  suffered  by  feeding 

animals  \,  ,  ',  coi  n  ihal  is  not  ci  unit- 
ed  or  bi  uised,    aa  many    of  thern 

swallow   it  w  bole,    and   void   it    M  ith 

the  germen  and  all  the  farina 
parts  com  pic  qua- 

lities are  n  rt   io  the  least  ii 
l>\  passing  through  the  body,  and 
consequently  if  cannot  Inn 
.  d  1  null  nufriment  to  the  animal. 

The  great  consumption  and  de- 
mand for  hone  com  renders  this  aa 
important  consideration  to  all  the 
keepers  of  horses,  as  the  loss.   h\ 
incomplete  mastu  at  ion,  amounl 
many  : housand  Io  1  I-  pel  annum  ; 
the  w  hole  of  w  hid)  n  ay  be 
d  by  bruising,  cracl  ing, 
mixing  with  cut  haj  ,stra    ,& 
1  am  voiir  *,   &  . 

An  J  a  1ST. 


208 


FASHIONABLE  TITLES  FOR  MUSICAL  COMPOSITION. 


Monsieur  le  Redacteur, 

Yoi  r  Repository  being,  pout 
ainsi  dire,  a  bee-hive  placed  by  the 
Delian  god  among  the  sacred  myr- 
tles overhanging  the  limpid  and 
silvery  waters  of  Hippocrene,  pour 
inxiter  the  tenants  of  Helicon  and 
Parnassus,  to  deposit  therein  all 
and  every  thing  which  concerns 
Vempire  immense  of  the  Pierian 
Nine,  I  humbly  approach  the  bird 
of  night*,  to  consign  to  its  wide 
and  never-closing  jaw,  the  follow- 
ing notice  to  the  votaries  of  Erato 
and  Terpsichore,  commonly  called 
professors  of  music. 

Having,  by  this  little  bit  of  my- 
thological trumpeting,  like  the  ex- 
hibitor of  ;m  ambulant  punch's 
shew,  roused  the  attention  and  cu- 
riosity of  the  benevolent  and  scien- 
tific reader,  I  shall  begin  tout  uni- 
ment. 

It  is,  sans  contredit,  universally 
admitted,  that,  within  these  few 
years,  the  arts  and  sciences  have 
reached  to  the  mosi  exuberant 
height,  au  comble,  of  perfection  : 
and  music,  above  all,  has,  il  faut 
favoucr,  outstripped  or  devance 
all  her  sisters  in  the  beaux  oris  : 
et  cela  cVune  maniere,  to  ^v.vli  a 
degree,  that  the  poverty  of  the 
English  language  is,  pour  parler 
franchement,  no  longer  adequate 
to  express  its  modern  excellencies. 
I  have,  en  moti  particulier,  found 
myself  repeatedly,  e'est  a 
fois,  in  the  greatest  perpli 
dans  un  embarras  le  phis  per 


*  Mens.   T.    probably  alludes  to  the 
oh  1  over  thu  letter-box  of  the  Repository. 


to  convey  to  my  scholars  my  ideas, 
ou,  si  vous  voulez,  vies  sentimens, 
in  tin'  English  language  ;  and  that 
assurement  not  for  want  of  knowing 
it  de  fond s  au  contrairet  I  have 
studied  it,  fen  ai  fait  men  elude, 
and  I  may  say,  sans  vie  flatter,  I 
speak  it  better  than  most  English- 
men do,  surtout  quand  je  suis  en 
colere.  No,  the  reason  is,  because 
the  ideas  of  musical  genius  are  not 
to  be  expressed  in  a  language,  ou 
plutot  unjargon,  corrupted  by  the 
savages  of  the  north,  such  as,  par 
exemple,  the  Picts,  Danes,  and 
Anglo-Saxons.  Quels  noms  bar- 
bares  !     Hu ! 

But  never  was  the  insufficiency 
of  the  English  idiom  more  severely, 
plus  grievement,  felt,  than  since 
the  elegant  custom  arose  of  prefix- 
ing some  pretty  title  or  other,  out •  /- 
ques  wots  charmants  et  bien  trouves, 
to  a  rondo,  march,  symphony,  &c. 
posers  are  absolument  forces, 
on  such  occasions,  to  have  recourse 
to  other  languages,  plus  nobles, 
plus  rajffinees  ;  sans  cela  no  person 
de  gout  et  cfesprit  will  purchase  or 
play  their  works.  The  French, 
from  its  superiority  over  all  other 
languages,  is  par  consequent  the 
most  favourite  at  present  for  such 
a  purpose  ;  although  any  other, 
provided  il  be  not  the  English, 
will,  sans  doute,  do  as  well,  e'est 
a  dire,  will  have  nearly  as  good  an 

Being  a  man  of  business,  and 
having,  ce  qu'on  appelle,  a  smat- 
tering of  most  languages,  modern 
as  well  as  ancient,  il  me  semble, 
that  I  can  do  no  better  service  to 
my  brethren  or  confreres  of  the  bow, 


(ONABLE   IltLEI    FOB    HI  '  0MPO81  I 


tli mm  to  offer  them , '/'  tontmon  caur, 
my  assistance  in  mpplj  ing  lliem 
wiili  titles  <>r  head-pi<  cei  for  their 
musical  compositions,  de  quelqui 
genre  que  ce  y>"^  it  ;>  rite  com- 
parative!) trifling,  considering  flu 
zest  which  theif  \\"i ks  rau  I  i 
gairetnt ni  del h e  from  s  few  pn*t I3 
words  put  ;ii  the  top.  If  m  p(  ut  // 
tFooir  qu'une  opinion  Id  >'<  ws, — 
\\  iih  K  sped  tn  in  ,  abilities  in  this 
line,  I  shall  v  i  \  e  h  fi  n  specimens 


pro* 

;  1  ; 

mi   the  Oi  I 

l.l  |       /  /  1 1    of  •       i'     '■  I   '  1  ' 

and  1  man  ii,  /  r  /' im- 

•  1  1  many 

other    in!  I 

novel. 

/.'///■'.'.   Monsii  in   !<■  /.'<  dm  U 
need  t h  ere  m o re  be     •  i  I  • 
which  requin  I  pencti       a 

to  perceive  the  utilil  \   of  ii  ?     Pu> 


at  the  foot  of  this;  deplusl  have    blicitv  is  all  that  is  wanting  to  i 


the  permission  it»  refer  to  Beveral 
composers,  whose  productions,  al- 
though insipides  et  fades,  bavc,  par 
Ii  m  ul  tnoyen  de  mon  talisman ^ 
quired  universal  celebrity*  Pour 
en  venir  au  pointt  my  terms  are 
shortly  these,  scavoir : 
1  lai  ii  single  title,  in  \\  bataoever 

I  inguace £ 0  2  6 

(  )ih  dozen  taken  at  ;i  time    .  .  .   l    l  u 
Subscribers  tor  as  main  titles  as 

they   may  aai  1    occa  lion  for, 

per  annum 2  2i 

W  11I1  .1  lihcr. il  ailowam  •■  to  music-shoj 
ami  the  trade  in  general. 

II  is  by  no  means  necessary,  in 
applying  for  s  title,  to  describe  the 
nature  of  the  composition  ;  au  con- 
tYofre,  theeflect  would  be  spoiled, 
were  the  title  any  ways  adapted  to 
the  subject  |  the  more  /.  0 
incongruous,  the  greater  the  beau- 


irojt  /,  ('m/   ■  'in' d 

.  mid  1  ba(  •'■  fail  tt» 

plished,  ii  \    -I  m  ill  I 

i  he    g  iin'in-s  l«.  j  i  v<-    lo  this    letter 
a  place,  ////  petti  COfff,  in   your   /'-- 

pository,      I   shall  therefore   1 
elude  by  giving,  r<  (on  ma 
ci  dessut    1  nom  <V,    the    follow  m^ 
specimens  of 

PA8MIONABLE     Tl  I  !t     MLbl- 

(    \  l,  COM  KOS  III 

Concert  spi         I  del  ( !ai  ards. 
lisie  lloiti  nto 

1       i  de  1  lenri 

Le  Songe  d*un  Pa  pi  II 
I  e  I'ot  pourri  de 
Grande  M  uche  Milita 

lids  de  Jupiter* 
\\  tlze  favori  du  Grand  Ifouftida 

Constantinople. 
! .'  \  m<  uf  ,   que*  par  une  Puce. 
I  ,e  fombeau  du  !  imun  am- 


ty  ;  *nd  pour  parvenir  d  a  sicaL  

to  attain    this   end,    as   well   as   to  5  apiri  di  una  Chio 


il    Miagol      ento    amoroso     dun 
( •  itto  vecchio 

II  fazzoletto  iii  Wnere. 


avoid  all  suspicions  o\'  undue  par- 
tiality) fai  at  soin  to  provide  a 
large  bag,  made  of  supei  fine  1  -iot  h  01 
various  colours,  patched  together 
in  the  manner  of  a  harlequin's  dress,      IV  I  2       ftrocil   \r 

out  of  which  the  title  is  drawn  an  II 
hazard,  like  a  lottery  ticket,   from     Tci   . 
a  number   considerably  exceeding         b.i. 
three  thousand.       By    this   method      £)i<  0 
n  nil/  nc  et  r  mi  ruse,  1   happened  lo  ;      (§CCw% 
No.  V.  Vol.  I.'  [i         Hr 


*00 


LATE    DISCOVERIES    IN    EECTRO-CHE51ICAL    SCIENCE. 


Sfacftten  unb  Scftwdrma  far  3fctfu& 

licbtu&cv. 
3D*  tfch  mimicwtt  fcjmd&eftiben  Tumi 
taubchciu 


Los  Suspiros  do  uu  Corazon  affiicto. 
La  Armenia  de  los  Santos. 


JTct  Schcirs  van  Mynheer  Hercules. 
Gevoclig  Lied  van  een  Padde. 
De  Liefile  gestraelt  door  een  Vloo. 


RaniuiGulorum  harmoniosa  Croci- 

tatio. 
Gratiarum    odoralissimac    Perisce- 

lides. 


J\d  Vhonneur  d'etre  trig 
parfaitement, 
Monsieur  le  Rcdacteur9 

Your  humble  servant, 
Francois  Marie  dk  la 

TlTULLIERRE, 

Guimbardistet,  Titriste,  et 

Professeur  de  Musique. 

No.  31,  Harp-street, 
Soininers-Towii,  24tli  March,  18og. 


*  The  want  of  appropriate  types  pre- 
vents us  from  inserting  four  or  five  other 
of  Mons.  T.'s  titles  in  Arabic  and  Chinese 
characters. 

f  Guimbarde,  a  Jew's  harp. 


ON  THE  LATE  DISCOVERIES  IN  ELECTRO-CHEMICAL 

SCIENCE. 

(Continued  from  page  220. ) 


Finding  that  all  bodies  of  known 
composition  were  decomposed  by 
electricity,  Mr.  Davy  ventured  to 
predict,  that  the  same  agency  must 
necessarily  have  the  power  of  de- 
compounding substances  whicli  were 
incapable  of  being  separated  into 
their  elements  by  common  chemical 
means,  on  the  idea  that  the  natural 
electrical  energies  must  be  limited  ; 
whereas  the  powers  of  artificial 
electricity  are  capable  of  an  inde- 
finite increase. 

This  remarkable  prediction  he 
verified  himself  in  less  than  twelve 
months,  by  decomposing  the  fixed 
alkalies,  and  shewing  that  they  were 
metallic  oxides,  having  bases  which, 
agreeing  with  metals  in  all  other 
properties,  differ  from  them  in  an 
astonishing  degree  in  specific  gra- 
vity and  combustibility,  being  the 


most  inflammable,  and  amongst  the 
lightest  bodies  in  nature. 

The  earths,  and  particularly  ba- 
rytes,  had  been  suspected  to  be 
metallic  ;  but  there  were  no  analo- 
gies to  lead  to  such  an  opinion  re- 
specting the  true  alkalies  :  when 
these,  however,  were  shewn  to  be 
metallic,  it  was  scarcely  possible  to 
doubt  that  the  alkaline  earths  were 
of  a  similar  nature  ;  and  this  Mr. 
Davy  soon  proved,  shewing  that 
their  metals  constituted,  as  it  were, 
the  links  between  the  common  me- 
tals and  the  metals  of  the  fixed  al- 
kalies. 

Since  the  first  aera  of  philosophi- 
cal chemistry,  never  perhaps  were 
so  many  important  truths  developed 
in  so  short  a  time  :  the  metals  of  the 
alkalies  were  soon  made  instruments 
of  analysis ;  and  by  a  combination 


LATE    DIICOVBEIEI    IN    ELECTBO-CHEMlCAL  fCIEl 


their  powci  a iili  thote  of  the 
voltaic  apparatus,  Mi.  Dayi  has 
succeeded  in  decomposing  phos- 
pborm  and  lulphui :  hie  has  shewn 
that  these  bodies  arc  analogous  to 
oils,  being  combinations  ol  peculiai 
ii.isi  s  with  small  quantities  of  oxjm 
gen  and  hydrogen. 

lie  has  Btade  a  aumbet  of  expe* 
riments  upon  the  combinations  of 
carbon,  from  which  we  understand 
lir  infers,  thai  the  pure  carboua- 
ceous  element  is  analogous  (<•  i  me- 
tal  in  Us  essence  ■  thai  ii  exists  in 
charcoal,  combined  with  a  little 
hydrogen  ;  and  in  the  diamond, 
united  to  a  minute  proportion  <>i 
earj  gen. 

None  of  the  bodies  formerly  con- 
sidered as  simple,  have  escaped  the 
powerful  attacks  of  this  indefatiga- 
ble genius  without  being  decom- 
posed or  exhibited  in  a  new  form. 

Prom  the  boracic  acid  lie  has 
procured  a  new  substance,  which 
he  denominates  boracium,  which  is 
highly  combustible,  and  which 
produces  boracic  acid  by  burning. 
He  has  likewise  decomposed  the 
lluoric  acid,  and  obtained  muriatic 
acid,  in  a  state  in  which  it  exhibits 
no  acid  properties,  and  in  which  it 
produces  effect!  that  appear  to  in- 
dicate its  decomposition. 

A  more  remarkable  result  than 
any  of  these,  is  that  which  he  has 
obtained  from  nitrogen.  By  the 
action  of  potassium  upon  ammonia, 
this  bod\  seems  to  be  decomposed  ; 
and  mhIi  are  the  phenomena ol  the 
experiment,  thai  he  conceives  they 
cannot  be  explained  on  any  other 
suppositions, than  that  nitrogen  con- 
sists of  oxygen  and  hydrogen,  or 
that  water  in  different  electrical 
states  maj  constitute  oxygen,  hy- 
drogen, and  nitrogen. 


Bach  arc  the  bulb. mi  and  exti  i« 
ordinal  \     I    ■        ries    *  hi<  h    I 
ii.  in   dei '  loped    a  itliin    ! 
space  "i  two  yeai i   uul   1 1    '■ 
which  have  been  accomplished  by 
one  philosophci .     In  p  just 

tribute  to  his  mei iti .  we  most  not, 
however,  p  ss  <»\  <r,  01  neglei  ttl 
hi  other  labourei  i  in  (he  same  fi<  Id 
ni  resean  h,  b  ho  bai  i  been  itimu- 
I  ited  by  lbs  success.  \I.  M.  !!■  r- 
selius  and  Pontin,  of  Stockholm, 
have  procured  an  amalgam  from 
the  volatile  alkali  ;  ■  I  ■  at 

wonderful   kind,   and    wlr- 

to  shew  that  metals  maj      ■  «  om« 
pounded.    If.  If.  Gay  Luasacand 
Thenard,    uwi    Frem  h    cbern 
have  produced  the  metal  of  potash 
in    large  quantities    by    chemical 
means;  and  it  doesDot  seen  impro- 
bable that  similar  methods  v.  ill 
ply  to  the  production  of  the  n* 
of  the  earths  upon  s  large  - 

which    might    then    be   applied    to 

mani  purposes  of  manumctun  i  and 

useful  arts. 

Notwithstanding  this  great  ad- 
vancement in  science,  Acre  secma 
still  ample  room  lor  further  re- 
larches  :  new  facts  must  n  I 
rily  lead  to  new  arrangements  : — 
there  is  e\  <■<  y  reOSOfl  to  hi  |  I  that 
chemical  philosophy  will  be  i  ill 
more  simplified,  the  number  ol  de- 
naents  reduced,  and  some  laws*  -m- 
blished  in  harmony  \\  ith  th  is  ■  i  - 
longing  to  the  general  sj  stem  of  the 
planetary  worlds,  It  is  8 
consideration  to  u»,  in  R  nati  I 
point  of  \  iew,  to  see  this  gl  ni  B> 
teiision  ol  SCI  O  irising  in 
eountiv  :     we    shad  watch    ii^ 

gresa  with  strong  patriotic 

and  shall  have  real] 

municating  the  result  !«•  >ur  n 

ers,  convinced  that  the)  all  will  con- 
R  r2 


502 


EUROPEAN    MANNERS    AND    CUSTOMS. 


sider  knowfedge'as  power,  and  in-  II  most  noble  and  dignified  pursuits 
(ellectual   acquisitions   and   a    do-  II  of  the  human  mind. 

minion  over  nature,  as  amongst  the 


HISTORICAL  FACTS  RELATIVE  TO  EUROPEAN  MANNERS 

AND  CUSTOMS. 


^(Continued  fro 

In  the  most  ancient  times  it  was 
customary    to   drink    wine  before 

dinner,  or  at  the  beginning  of  the 
repast,  to  strengthen  the  stomach, 
and  it  was  common  to  cat  eggs  with 
the  same  view.  On  ordinary  days 
Charlemagne's  dinner  consisted  of 
four  covers  or  entries^  and  one  sin- 
gle dish  of  roast  venison. 

People  ate   formerly  on   wooden 
tables  without  any  kind  of  covering; 
but    it  wis   usual    to   polish    them. 
This  practice  was  succeeded  by  co- 
verings of  leather,  and    these  were 
supplanted  by  linen  and    cotton  ta- 
ble-cloths.    The  luxury  of  napkins 
was    not  common,    anions:   private 
persons,  till  the  time  of  Charles  V. 
of  France.     The  first  were  made  at 
Rheims,  which  city  made  a  present 
to  the   above-mentioned   monarch, 
of  table  linen  of  this   kind,  esti- 
mated at  a  thousand  guilders.     \\ 
was  an  ancient  practice    for  the  ta- 
ble-cloth to  be  cut  with  great  solem- 
nity, by   a   herald  at   arms,  before 
the  seat  of  a  knight  who  had  incur- 
red any  disgrace,    and  to  reverse 
his  plate.     The   knight  was   then 
obliged    either  to    wipe   away   the 
stain,  or  to  prove  that  injustice  was 
clone  him.     Tin's  was  the  case  with 
William    of  Hainault,    Count   of 
Ostrevan,  who,  being  at   the  table 
of  Charles  VI.  of  France,  a  herald 
cut  the  table-cloth  in   two  before 
him,  saying,  that  a  prince  who  did 
not  bear  arms,    was   unworthy  to 


m  page  US.) 

dine  at  the  king's  table.  William 
replied  in  astonishment,  that  he 
carried  a  shield  and  a  lance  as  well 
as  any  of  the  other  knights.  "  That 
cannot  be,"  answered  the  herald, 
"  otherwise  you  would  have  re- 
venged the  death  of  your  great  un- 
cle." History  adds  that  this  em- 
phatic lesson  produced  the  intended 
effect  on  the  count. 

Knives  and  spoons  were  common 
in  the  most  remote  antiquity.  Am- 
niianus  Marcellinus  makes  mention 
of  the  former.  Forks  were  not 
known  till  a  later  period.  The 
most  ancient  were  of  iron,  and  had 
two  or  three  prongs.  Slices  of 
crust  of  bread  serveil  for  the  first 
plates  ;  they  were  next  made  of 
wood,  afterwards  of  baked  and 
glazed  earths,  and  lastly  of  all 
kinds  of  metals. 

The  ancients  understood  the  art 
of  making  g-lass.  By  the  moderns 
it  was  at  first  employed  for  the  win- 
dows of  churches,  then  for  those  of 
other  magnificent  buildings,  till  at 
Length  its  use  became  as  common  as 
it  is  at  present. 

It  is  difficult  to  fix  the  epoch  of 
the  first  chimney,  but  the  invention 
of  stoves  belongs  to  the  Germans 
and  other  northern  nations.  As 
early  as  13S8  there  were  stoves  in 
the  royal  residences  at  Paris,  and 
in  the  galleries.  Some  of  these 
were  denominated  chajfe-doux. 
Benches  and  stools  were  formerly 


EUROPE  \v    MAM  \i:ns    wn 


501 


the  most  common  seat  i  ei  en  in  the 
palaces  of  princei.  ( !  hairs  were 
\n  \  rare.  The  bed)  s,»  essential 
;ni  article  in  8  house,  thai  even 
among  the  lowest  classes  the  wnnl 
of  one  is  the  most  unequivocal 
of  extreme  indigence,  was  an  ob- 
ject of  the  ntmosl  luxury  with  the 
Greeks  and  Romans, after  they  had 
r\<  li  tnged  tin-  couches  of  lea i  es 
mid  skins  on  which  'heir  heroic  an- 
cestors reposed,  for  mattresses,  fea- 
thers, ;i  iwl  beds  of  down.  The  bed- 
stead  was  made  of  ivorj .  silver, 
ebony,  or  Cedar.  Of  the  prodigious 
beds  in  which  <>ur  forefathers  used 


!.    In  the  fifteenth  c  fitarj  the 
hunt <  .in' l  ha    <    ' 
m\ i  nted    in  the   Netherlands,  and 
thence  inti  It 

i  that  pei 
in    middli 

obliged  to  put   up  a  iili   i< ; 
\'i  i    lino  or  tfir  points   </'  1 1 
The  manufacture  of  the  ( • 
established    under   Henrj    I  \  .  and 
broil   lit    to  pet  feet  ion  by    ( 
.Mid  Hie  celebrated  paintei  Le  Brun, 
has  eclipsed    the   pro  of 

r\  cry  othei  d  <  ountry.     Da- 

mask (so  c  died    from    D  imascua, 
in  S\  ria,  a  here  the  first  stuffs  of 


to  sleep  with    their   wives,    their    this  Kind   were  made),  admii 
children,  and  often  their  favourite    adapted  to  thepurposcs  of  tapes 
dogs,  scarcely    anj   specimen,  we    is  manufactured  at  Tours  and  Lyona 
presume,  is  now  in  existence.   Per-    in    Prance.     The   Venetian   6r< 
sons,  of  the  highest  rank,  made  no  |  telle;  the  printed  linens  of  P 
scruple  to  lie  in  the  same  bed  with     and  India:  the  ta  tontissc, 


their  wives  and  acqu  lintance,  and 
this  was  considered  the  Btrongesl 
proof  of  friendship  and  confidence 
thai  could  possiblj  l>e  given.  Ad- 
miral Bonnivef  often  shared  his  bed 
with  his  sovereign,  Francis  I.  of 
France. 

Rush  and  straw  mats  were  the 
earliest  tapestry  With  which  the 
Walls  of  rooms  were  hung.  The  co- 
lours of  the  straw  were  chosen  with 
such    skill,     and    blended    with    so 

much  taste,  that  these  mats  produ- 
ced an  uncommonly  pleasing  effect. 
Mats  of  this  description,  of  ver\ 

delicate    workmanship,   are    still  to 

be  procured  in  the   Levant.     They 

letch  B  high    price,   and  are  held  in 

great  estimation  for  the  vivacitj  of 

the  colours  and  the  beauty  of  the 
figures.     The  use   of  tapestry,  ol 

linen  and  silks,  in  which  whole  his- 
tories are  woven,  dates  hack  far- 
ther than  six  hundred  years.  \i 
that  time,  however,  it  was  not  uni- 


corn posed  of  the  cuttinga  of  colour- 
ed woollen  cloths,  attached  to  can- 
vas by  means  ol  gum  :    painted  anil 

gilt  leather,   a  very   ancient    ii 

tion,    ascribed  to    the  Spaniards  ; 

and  paper,  now  so  universally  em- 
ployed, should  not  be  omitted  in 
this  place. 

The  lirst  milTOfS  were  of  metal. 
Cicero  attributes  the  inventia 
Escuhvpius,  the  god  of  pbj  sici  ms  ■ 
and  we  find  mention  made  of  them 
'i\  Mosrs.  The  lirst  minor-  of 
silver  were  made  at   Rome  i  . 

of  Pompey.     Pliny  likewise 
speaks  of  a  shining  stone  (proh 

I  talc)  which  may  be  sepai 

I  thin    lamina',   and  when    laid    upon 

a  metal  ground,  reflects  ob 

fei  tly   well.      Glass   mil  rots    . 

introduced  into  Euro]  e  towards  the 

conclusion  of  the  Crusades  ;   to  the 

\  enetians,   the  first    poss 

the  secret,  they  were  s  very  1 

the  branch  ol  Hade,  arid  their  ma- 


SfH 


EUROPEAN    MANNERS    AND    CUSTOMS. 


nufacturrs  of  looking-gHsscs  gave 
birth  lo  ali  those  with  which  Europe 
now    bounds. 

The  simplicity  of  manners  pre- 
vailing at  no  very  remote  jioriod  in 
England,  and  the  extraordinary 
change  which  took  place  herein  the 
sixteenth  century,  in  respect  to 
many  of  the  articles  of  domestic 
convenience  enumerated  above,  is 
admirably  illustrated  by  one  of  our 
old  writers,  in  the  following  quaint 
observations,  which  can  scarcely 
fail  to  amuse  the  reader  : — 

"  There  are  old  men  yet  dwell- 
ing in  the  village  where  I  remain, 
who  have  noted  three  things  that 
lire  marvellously  altered  in  England 
within  their  sound  remembrances. 
One  is  the  multitude  of  chimnies 
lately  erected ;  whereas  in  their 
young  d;iys  there  were  not  above 
two  or  three,  if  so  many,  in  many 
upland ish  towns  of  the  realm  (the 
religions  houses  and  manor  places 
of  their  lords  always  excepted,  and 
perad  vent  are,  some  great  person- 
als), hut  each  one  made  his  fire 
against  a  rrrr  (fosse,  in  the  hall 
where  he  dined  and  dressed  his 
meat.  The  second  is  the  great 
amendment  of  lodging  ;  for,  said 
they,  ourfathers,  and  we  ourselves, 
have  lain  full  oft  upon  straw  pal- 
lets, covered  only  with  a  sheet,  un- 
der coverlets  made  of  dogsvain  or 
hop  harlots  (I  use  their  own  terms), 
and  a  good  round  log  under  their 
heads,  instead  of  a  bolster.  If  it 
were  so  that  our  fathers  or  the^ood 
man  of  the  house  had  a  mattress  or 
flock-bed,  and  thereto  a  sack  ot 
chafF  to  rest  his  head  upon,  he 
thought  himself  tobe  as  well  lodged 
as  the  lord  of  the  town,  so  well 
were  they  contented.     Pillows, said 


they,  were  thought  meet  onlv  for 
women  in  child-bed.  As  for  ser- 
vants, if  they  had  any  sheet  above 
them  it  was  well,  for  seldom  had 
they  any  under  their  bodies  to  keep 
them  from  the  pricking  straws  that 
ran  through  the  canvas,  and  raised 
their  hardened  hides. 

"  The  third  thing  they  fell  of  is 
the  exchange  of  wooden  platters  in- 
to pewter,  and  wooden  spoons  into 
silver  or  tin.  For  so  common  were 
all  sorts  of  wooden  vessels,  in  old 
time,  that  a  man  should  hardly  find 
four  pieces  of  pewter  (of  which 
one  was  peradventure  a  salt-seller) 
in  a  good  farmer's  house;  and  yet 
for  all  this  frugality,  if  it  may  so 
be  justly  called,  they  were  scarce 
able  to  live  and  pay  their  rents  at 
their  da  \s,  without  selling  of  a  cow, 
or  a  horse,  or  more,  although  they 
paid  but  four  pounds  at  the  utter- 
most by  the  year.  Such  also  was 
their  poverty,  that  if  a  farmer  or 
husbandman  had  been  at  the  ale- 
house, a  thing  greatly  used  in  those 
days,  amongst  six  or  seven  of  his 
neighbours,  and  there,  in  a  bravery, 
to  show  what  store  he  had,  did  cast 
down  his  purse,  and  therein  a  noble 
or  six  shillings  in  silver,  unto  them, 
it  is  very  likely  that  all  the  rest 
could  not  lay  down  so  much  against 
it ;  whereas  in  my  time,  although 
peradventure  four  pounds  of  old 
rent  be  improved  to  forty  or  fifty 
pounds,  yet  will  the  farmer  think 
his  gains  very  small  toward  the 
midst  of  his  term,  if  he  have  not 
six  orseven  years  rent  lying  by  him, 
wherewith  to  purchase  a  new  lease  ; 
besides  a  fair  garnish  of  pewter  on 
his  cupboard,  three  or  four  feather 
beds,  as  many  coverlids  and  car- 
pets of  tapestry,  a  silver  salt-seller, 


I  i:  i  M 


h  howl  fofwinc,  if  not  fl  wbolenest, 

Mid  i  dozen  of  ipoont  to  furnish  up 
the  raft." 

The  mum  author  ;iIm»  exclaimi 
loudly  sgainsl  (he  luxury  "I  attire 
which  accompanied  this  remarkable 
change  in  the  othei  branchei  oi  do- 
mestic econora  \ .  "I  hai  ••  met," 
mji  he,  M  wild  some  in  London  to 
disguised,  thai  ii  lint li  pnssnl  m\ 
skill  (o  discern  whether  they  iren 
men  or  women.*1  He  adds:  "  nei- 
iIk  i  w;is  ii  erer  merrier  with  Eng- 
land,   than  when   an    Englishman 

>\as  kDOWn   l>>    hil   own   cloth,   and 


contented  himself  u  ii!> 
tit  hose  ;hkI  i  mean  ilo| 
his (  o.it ,  gown,  an  <>i  brown, 

blue,  "i  pin  e,  »  th  imc  | * r «  ny 
farnitore  <■!  relvot  <u  t .1  r .  ■■  l  .1 
doublet  <>t  sad-tawnej .  <>r  black 
eetaet,  ii<  (  on  1  I >  -ilk  :  without 
such    parish    colours    i-.    an- 

in  these  daj  1,  and  nerei  brought 
in  but  by  the  consent  <>i  the  Fren<  h, 
a  ho  think  themseh  es  th 
men,  when  thej  b  are  most  direr* 
sit v  ;iinl  change  of  colours  ■boss] 
them." 

(  Th  hr  coHtimn  if.  ) 


REMARKABLE  PROPERTY  OF  BOILING  TAR. 


p.uiMiimitii,  April  7,  1 309. 
Mr.  I'd  1  to  it, 
Not  being  at  all  acquainted 
with  the  properties  of  tar,  boiling 
or  colli,  1  should  wish  much  to  be 
informed,  through  the  Repository) 
how  it  is  accounted  for,  that  Un- 
bare hand  or  arm  of  a  man  can  be 
thrust  into  a  boiling  cauldron  of 
tar,  and  receive  no  injury  :  but  il 
a  i^Iovp  or  iiiiv  covering  is  put 
on  cither,   it   is  immediately   com- 


tumea\  and  the  pa rt  1-,  .is  I  am 
told,  ;is  much  affected  as  it"  put 
into  boiling  water.  In  the  hemp- 
bouse    at    Portsmouth -jard,     the 

oilier    daj,      I    saw     one  of  the  men 

put  his  hand  and  arm,  uncovered, 
into  boiling  t;ir,  ami  dabble  in  it  .»» 

if  in  cold  water. 
I  am, 

Sin, 
Your  numb 

W.  A.  M 


THE    WATCH    SPANIEL. 

Tin:  race  of  the  canine  species 
Which  paases  under  this  denomina- 
tion, is  supposed  to  have  originated 
in  a  cross  between  the  large  water- 
dog  and  the  springing  spaniel,  and 

is     so    universally     known,   that     it 

would  be  almost  superfluous  to  en- 
ter into  a  minute  description  of  its 
appearance.   It  is  more  particularly 

useful    in    those    counties    » liicb  i 


Plate  20.— BRITISH   SPOR 
ntinucd  from  page  '210.) 

abound  with   swamps, 


.   and 

ri\ers.   w  ith  rushi 

Amidst  the  infinite  variety  i" 
and  colour  observable  in  tl 
those  dogs  1  hich  are  rath 

mediocrity  in  suture  and  strength 

are    entitled   to  tl  e    p  .   a^ 

they  experience  less 
finding  their  game  in  willow  I 
anil   bush)    water 

sportsmen  pretend 


snr» 


Eiirrisii   spci'TH. 


grees  of  perfection  depend  on  the  I 
different    Colours    of  the   different  | 

animals.  They  assert .  for  instance,  j 
thai  the  black  are  the  best  and  har- 
diest ;  the  spotted,  or  pied,  the 
qnickot  of  scent  ;  the  liver-colour- 
ed the  most  rapid  in  swimming,  I 
ami  the  most  eager  in  pursuit  :  but 
these  notions  are  rather  the  fabri- 
cations of  fancy  than  the  result  of 
judicious  investigation  *  Colour 
may  justly  be  deemed  a  matter  of 
mere  taste  or  caprice  ;  for,  as  far 
as  the  qualifications  of  dogs  in  the 
field  are  concerned,  good  and  bad 
of  all  colours  arc  to  be  found.  In 
respect  to  shape  and  figure,  the 
body  of  the  water-spaniel  should 
not  be  too  large,  or  the  frame  too 
heavy  :  the  head  should  be  round, 
iht'  ears  long-,  broad,  soft,  and  pen- 
dulous, the  eyes  prominent  and 
lively,  the  neck  short  and  thick,  the 
shoulders  broad,  the  legs  straight, 
the  chine  square,  the  buttocks  round 
and  linn,  the  thighs  muscular,  the 
pastern-joints  strong  and  dew-claw- 
ed, the  fore-feet  long  and  round, 
7 lie  hair  long  and  naturally  curled, 
not  loose  and  shaggy;  for  the  first 
indicates  constitutional  hardiness 
and  strength,  and  the  latter  a  bo- 
dily tenderness  which  disqualiiies 
the  animal  to  bear  the  water. 

The  instruction  of  the  water- 
spaniel  is  not  a  task  of  great  trouble 
or  difficulty.  The  exclamations  ne- 
cessary in  breaking  and  hunting 
him  are  very  concise  and  expres- 
sive. "  Down  !"— "  hie  on  !"— 
"  back  !"— -and  l'  hie  lost  !"  are  all 
that  is.  required  in  shooting  wild 
fowl.  These  terms  he  soon  becomes 
perfectly  accustomed  to,  and  rea- 
dily obcjrs  :  the  first  implying  to 
couch  or  lie  close  ;  the  second,  to 
try   for   the  gam^  \    the   third,    to 


come  behind  ;  and  the  last,  to  try 
hard  for  the  recovery  of  the  bird 
when  killed  or  wounded,  and  some- 
times lost  in  the  sedges,  rushes,  or 
covert. 

The  chief  point  in  the  instruction, 
of  the  water-spaniel  is  to  teach  him 
to  fetch  and  carry  at  the  word  of 
command.  Care  should  be  taken, 
in  the  beginnin<r,  to  make  him  use 
a  tender  mouth,  lest  the  birds  should 
be  torn  and  rendered  unfit  for  the 
table.  When  once  completely  broke 
and  expert  in  the  business,  he  is  in- 
defatigable in  the  pursuit  and  dis- 
covery of  every  kind  of  fowl  whose 
place  of  nativity  or  residence  is  in 
or  near  aqueous  situations.  By  at- 
tentive observation  he  arrives  at 
such  a  degree  of  excellence,  as  al- 
most exceeds  belief;  for,  upon  flush- 
ing a  bird,  the  eye  is  fixed  so  inva- 
riably on  the  object,  that,  imme- 
diately on  the  discharge  of  the  gun, 
if  the  game  is   struck,   he  sets  off 

I  with  the  utmost  speed  to  bring  it  to 
his  master,  and  to  seize  it,  if  pos- 
sible, even  before  it  reaches  the 
ground. 

Exclusive  of  the  services  render- 

l  ed  by  this  dog  in  the  field,  there 
are  other  occasions  on  which  his 
assistance  is  almost  indispensable, 
particularly  in  taking  wild  fowl  by 
means  of  decoj's,  into  the  details  of 
which  our  limits  forbid  us  to  enter. 
As  the  rough  and  awkward  ap- 
pearance, together  with  the  strong 

'  and  unpleasant  effluvia  issuing  from 

I  the  shaggy  coat  of  the  water-spa- 
niel, procure  him  a  less  favourable 
reception  than  those  species  of  dogs 
whose  exterior  is  more  pleasing, 
his  tenderness,  fidelity,  sagacity, 
and  other  qualities,  are  more  liable 
to  escape  the  notice  of  man.  But 
though  he  is  deprived  of  opportu- 


nniTi^ir  <=r0RTs. 


907 


niiirs  of  shewing  thai  he  is  not 
ficient  iii  the  \  i :  tics  which  so  •  - 1 •  i i - 
nehtly  distingui  h  irai  iom  br  inches 
of  hii  ipeciti ,    v el   proofs  are  n<>i 
wanting    tha(    he   p  in  an 

equal  degree,  the  atti  ibuti  i  thai 
belong  to  the  oilier  kinds  of  spa- 
niels. ( H  this  we  shall  introduce 
one  affecting  instance,  which  is  thus 
related  bj  ■  writei  oi  rcspet  tabilitj  . 

,\    lew   d;;\  I  ii.  lore    the  *<'\\  Thcr- 

midor  (the  day  <»n   w hich   R< 
pierre  was  overthrown ),  n  revoJu- 
tio:i;i'  \  i :  '  anal   iii  <nic  of  the 
partracnts  in  the  north  of  Krani  e, 

condemned  I  » death  M.  de«  K , 

formerly  a  magistrate,  and  a  moat 
amiable  man,  under  the  pretext  ol 
his  being  implicated  in  a  conspi- 
racy. This  gentleman  had  a  water- 
spaniel,  ten  or  eleven  yean  old, 
which  had  been  brought  up  by  him 
from  ;••  puppy,  and  had  nevei  quit- 
ted him.  During  liis  imprisonment, 
lie  heard  thai  his  familj  had  been 
dispersed  by  the  system  of  terror  : 
some  ol  its  members  had  e><  aped  by 
(light  ;  others  wire  apprehended, 
■dad  confined  in  distant  gaols;  his 
servants  were  discharged;  his  house 
was  forsaken  ;  liis  friends  either 
abandoned  him  or  secreted  them- 
selves; every  thing  on  earth  was 
lost  id  him,  except  his  dog.  This 
faithful  animal  had  been  repeatedly 
refused  admittance  into  tin-  prison  ; 
he  hail  as  repeatedly  returned  to 

the  house  {A'  his  m.ister,  and  ;is  often 

found  ii  shut.  Under  this  mortifi- 
cation he  look  refuge  beneath  tin- 
roof  of  a  neighbour,  who.  know- 
ing the  i\o£,  and  commiserating  his 
distress,  received  ami  caressed  him. 
But  what  a  dreadful  picture  of  the 
state  of  societj  atthat  time  in  France, 
must  be  presented  to  the  mind  o(  the 
reader,  when  he  is  informed  that; 
Y   .  /  .    I      .  /. 


this    humane 

in  secret,  and   with  )•  ap- 

prehension,   lest   his  la  1 1  iii    ...   for. 

(he    harmless,     inoffensive    urii     il 

should     I 

condm  i<-d  to  the 
( )n.  e  da  ted  «  Ufa 

ml,  be  i 
riably  at  the 

house,    and   i.  ■;.  |  j  i    ,1   f.»   th 

the  | » r  i  on  :    here 

denied    admittance,    he    i 

I         I  an  hour  b 

returned.   His  invincible  lid.  hi  . 

unalterable   atl  ichmcnt,   at    l< 

ited   s<,  powerfully  upon  the 
hitherto  unaffected  feeling 
porter,  that  h<-  permitted  ■ 
fering  appln  mi  ; 
beheld  his  master,  and  the  meeting 

may  lie  conceived  much  iieti    i   th  in 

ii  i  .a  be  d      i  ibed.     \  ftei 
tual  gratification  of  this  temp 
union,   it  was  difficult   lo 
them  :  hut  the  gaoler  was  peremp- 
tory in   taking  him  away,  and  the 
discarded  visitant  returned  to  fa 
treat .   He  came  ba<  k  the  next  morn- 
ing and  each  sin  ceeding  d  iy, 
regularly  admitted,  and  exch  u       I 
caresses  with  his  master.      In  I 
scenes    of  complii  stow    he 

i  tin-  hand  of  hi-  d  .    [end, 

wistfully  examined  his  if  to 

discover  e\  erj 

licked  his  hand  again  a  I 

then,    ol    his    own    accord,     r. -tired 
without  a  prompter  to  urge  hil 
partnre. 

W  hen  the  d  iy  of  trial  arri  - 
Betting  <  ••    iv   •  bstack  at  ded 
anil  in  .  pite  < 

his  way  into  the  court,  and  I 

between  the  h  its  o\    hi 
master,   whom 
•   r  i  \er.     The  ju 
him  :  C(  and,"  says  the  writer  of  this 


JOS 


RETROSPECT    OF    POLITICS. 


narrative,  "  may  my  tears  bo  par- 
doned (lie  expression  which  issues 
from  them,  they  condemned  him  in 
the  presence  of  his  dog."  He  was 
conveyed  back  to  prison  with  awful 
solemnity  ;  hut  the  dog  being  no 
more  admitted,  never  quitted  the 
door.  The  fatal  hour  at  length 
arrived  ;  the  prison  door  slowly 
opens  —  the  unhappy  victim  ad- 
vances, and  upon  the  threshold  his 
faithful  dog  is  ready  to  receive  him. 
lie  clings  to  his  hand — that  hand 
which,  in  a  few  moments,  can  never  , 
be  again  extended  to  caress  the  af- 
fectionate brute.  He  follows  his 
master  in  silent  sorrow,  and,  at  the 
place  of  execution,  maj-  truly  be 
said  to  have  looked  aghast  at  the 
dreadful  note  of  preparation.  The 
axe  falls — the  master  dies,  and  no- 
thing can  sooth  the  grief  of  the 
afflicted  animal.  The  lifeless  trunk 
is  borne  away — he  walks  by  its 
side — the  earth  receives  it — the  tear 
of  sensibility  starts  from  his  eye: 
and  as  the  last  tribute  of  affection 
to  the  memory  of  his  friend,  he 
makes  his  seat  of  sorrow  upon  the 
grave. 

lli'vc  this  animal,  whose  tender 
attachment  has  rarely  been  exceed- 
ed even  by  the  human  species, 
passed  the  first  night,  the  next  day, 
the  second  night ;  when  the  bene- 
volent neighbour,  unhappy  at  not 
seeing  him,  and  guessing,  from  the 
ardour  of  his  affection,  the  retreat 
be  had  chosen,  determined  once 
more  to  risk  his  safety,  sought,  and 


found  him — caressed  him — brought 
him  back,  and,  by  patient  perse- 
verance, induced  him  to  eat.  In 
less  than  an  hour  the  dog  escaped, 
and  again  repaired  to  his  favourite 
place.  Three  months  passed  away  ; 
and  during  this  time,  he  went  every 
morning  to  receive  some  sustenance, 
and  tlun  returned  to  the  ashes  of 
his  master.  Each  succeeding  day 
he  grew  more  sad,  more  emaciated, 
nunc  depressed,  and  it  was  evident 
that  he  was  gradually  approaching 
the  conclusion  of  his  life.  An  at- 
tempt was  made,  by  chaining  him 
up,  to  wean  him  from  this  fruitless 
affection,  but  in  vain  ;  it  was  im- 
possible to  conquer  the  predominant 
propensities  of  nature  :  he  broke, 
or  gnawed  asunder,  the  bonds  in- 
tended to  restrain  him  ;  escaped — 
returned  to  the  grave,  and  never 
quitted  it  more.  In  vain  (hey  en- 
deavoured to  bring  him  back;  food 
was  carried  to  him,  but  he  would 
eat  no  longer.  For  twenty-four 
hours  he  was  seen  exerting  his  ema- 
ciated limbs  in  digging  up  the  earth 
which  parted  him  from  the  remains 
of  the  master  he  had  so  ardently 
loved.  The  force  of  his  attachment 
prolonged  his  strength,  and  he  gra- 
dually approached  the  body  ;  he 
then  redoubled  his  labours  ;  his  ef- 
forts became  convulsive — he  shriek- 
ed in  his  struggles — his  faithful 
heart  gave  way,  and  he  breathed 
out  his  last  gasp,  as  if  in  conscious 
exultation  that  he  had  found  his 
master. 


RETROSPECT  OF  POLITICS. 

In  our  last  number  we  concluded 
our  observations  upon  the  political 
events  which  had  occurred,  by  ex- 


prospects  for  this  country  and  for 
Europe.  We  rejoice  now  to  state, 
that  the  cause  of  the  Continent  ap- 


pressing  a  strong  hope  of  brighter »  pears  to  have  suiiered  nothing  by 


i:  i   i    tOI  PI  '    I     "l     POI  l  I  l<  «. 


the  events  of  the  last  month]  while,  II 
mi  the  othei   band)  <  Ireat  Bi  itain 
und  li<!  .'Hies  li.i\ c  made  impot lanl 
conquests  fi  oni  I  rancc  in   I  he  colo- 
nies. 

The  war  wiili  Prance  nit  I  al* 
ways  be-considercd  in  two  points  of 
\  irw ,  colonial  and  <  outincntal.  Bo- 
naparte lias  lusi  none  of  that  desire 
which  he  expressed  at  Ultn  h>r 
*■•  ships,  colonies,  and  commerce.'1 
No  sooner  did  be  declare  bit  bro- 
ther king  of  Spain,  than  he  confer- 
red upon  him  the  addil ional  title  <»i 
king  of  '*  lis*'  two  Amcri 
This  was  i"'i  tin'  ancient  title  of 
(lie  kings  <>i  Spain,  nor  was  ii  se- 
lected without  an  object.  As  soon 
as  Bonaparte  had  entered  Madrid, 
he  declared  that  several  contribu- 
tions, which  had  been  levied^ should 
he  repaid  outof  the  revenues  of  his 
brother  from  Spanish  America. 
Ili>  object  is  most  palpably  to  grasp 

al  South  America  as  well  as  Spain  : 
I > ■  1 1  this  is  an  object  which  the  loy- 
alty and  courage  of  the   people  of 

that  country,  as  well  as  the  power 
of  (he  liritish    nav\  .    put  >,    for  the 

present,  out  of  his  reach.       It  is  the 

most  evident    and    unquestionable 

policy  of  this  country  never  to  al- 
low him  \o    obtain  that  object)   and 

to  defend  the  colonial  world  against 
his  power  and  his  intrigues.  In 
this  point  of  \  iew  we  attach  the  ut- 
most importance  fo  (lie  capture  of 
the  valuable  island  of  Martinique 
by  the  British,  to  the  capture  of 
Cayenne  1\\  Ihe  British  and  Portu- 
guese, and  also  to  the  efforts  of 
the  Spanish  patriots  in  the  south  of 
St.  Domingo,  which  will  probably 
rescue  that  is!  md  <  ntirelj  from 
Prance.  We  now  anticipate  the 
capture  of  Guarialoupe,  and  the 
complete  eradication  of  the  French 


i  ii.  ii  \ I,.  i 

Indies.      'I'll, 

conquc  is   mn  i    be 

\V  hen  all  these  nests  <»i  pi  i 
mi    rathei   "t    i   i  it<       ate   in 
band  it   ll 

w  ill  he  almost     in    pel  '<  I  '    »C<  mih  . 

There  i i  anothei  <  on  •  -Jill 

more  imp  ulant  :    tin-     II nil    d 

nial  force  w  Inch    Engl  m< '    - 

and   I'm  tugal    | •  ■     I  in      I 

w  ill  be   at    all    times   an   01  i 

for   any   power  which     I  i 

send  to  that  part  of  th 

w  ill  be  sufficient  to  mike  the  I 

States  of  A  incrica  hesitate   I  i 

they   rush    into  a     war    with    tin. 

country.     While   the  em 

the  Spanish  people  were  kept  d 

te  corrupt   goi  em 
Prince  of  the  Pet  ce,  :■•  of 

the  I  fnited  States  entertained 
most  so\ ,  reign  contempt  for  • 
South  American  neighbours.     I 

Burr,    or  any  bold  ad  v  .  c  on- 

sidered  the  conquest  of  !l 
he  an  enterprise  of  little  d 
or  danger.     The  conques 

nada  and  New    l»rui>s\ 
also    mentioned    in    Congi 
necessary    consequence    ol     a     war 
with  Great  Hi"  tin.     1 

ed    situation   oi"  the    I 

affairs,  may.  howei  er,  che< 
some  degree  the  ambition  < 
American  government, as  while  die 

alliance     continues     I 

i  Britain,  Spain,  ami  P 

they   might    ]  '     tiiat    it 

would  be  eas  I 

than  to  conquer  ( 

Jn  a  military  point  of  view 
res  of  Martinique  and  I 
enne  have  been  m<  si   nil 
reflect  the  highest   honour  oa  the 
conquerors. 
in  bis  official  dispi 
fi  i 


$10 


rtCTIlOSPECT    OF    TOLITICP. 


twenty-setfen  days  after  the  expedi- 
tion   left  Barbadoes,  the   whole  of 
the    island,  including   the   tort  of 
Bourbon,  were  in  the  possession  of 
the    British.     The    French    com- 
mander,  Villaret  Joyeuse,  who had 
threatened  to  hur}'  himself  and  his 
garrison   in   the    ruins  of  the  fort, 
was  glad  to  capitulate  at  the  end  ot 
a  three  weeks  siege.     It  was  not  for 
want   of  provisions   that    the  fort 
surrendered,  hut   because   it  could 
no   longer   withstand   the    superior 
fire  of  the  British.     The  capture  of 
Cayenne  was   perhaps  equally  bril- 
liant and  important.      Its  governor 
was  the  celebrated  Victor  Hugues, 
who  had  been  for  a  long  time  go- 
vernor  of    Guadaloupe,    and    was 
considered  a  man  of  the  most  de- 
termined courage.    The  expedition 
which  captured  it  was  but  a  small 
one,  and  consisted  of  a  mixed  force 
of  British    and   Portuguese.      The 
British  part  of  the  force  was  com- 
manded by  the  brave  Captain  Yeo, 
who  is  second   in  command  to  Sir 
Sidney     Smith,    and    who    treads 
closely  in  the  steps  of  that  distin- 
guished officer.     Like   Sir  Sidney 
Smith,  he    shews    as  much  talent 
in  fighting  on  shore  as   upon  his 
own  element.     It  was  to  his  con- 
duct and  spirit  in  storming  the  dif- 
ferent forts  and  batteries,  that  this 
important  conquest  was  principally 
owing. 

In  stating  the  events  which  have 
lately  taken  place  in  the  colonial 
world,  it  is  necessary  to  mention 
that  the  rival  chiefs  who  govern  the 
French  pnrt  of  the  island  of  Hayti, 
Christop-ie  and  Petion,  are  both  of 
them  friendly  to  the  exertions  of  the 
Spanish  patriots  in  the  south,  and 
appear  to  acknowledge  that  that 
part  of  the  island  belongs  to  Spain. 


If  the  patriots  should  there  succeed: 
in  their  objects,  we  should  have 
another  friendly  power  in  the  West 
Indies,  whose  influence  would  pro- 
bably be  felt  by  the  black  leaders  of 
Hayti,  and  prevent  those  mischiefs 
which  were  once  apprehended  from 
them  by  the  European  settlers  in 
the  West  Indies. 

Upon  the  Continent,  the  French 
do  not  appear  to  have  gained  any 
important  advantages  in  the  course 
of  the  last  month.  Although  their 
forces  in  Spain  still  maintain  a  su- 
periority over  the  Spanish  armies 
commanded  by  Reding,  Cuesta, 
and  Albuquerque,  yet  they  have 
now  to  encounter  a  very  serious  op- 
position ;  and  when  it  is  considered 
(hit  the  Spanish  nation  is  recover- 
ing fast  from  the  panic  which  the 
successes  of  Bonaparte  had  inspir- 
ed, that  their  armies  are  improv- 
ing in  number  and  discipline,  while 
the  ruler  of  France,  instead  of  re- 
inforcing his  army  in  Spain,  has 
been  obliged  to  Avithdraw  from  it 
several  divisions,  of  which  he  is  in 
need  in  other  parts,  it  appears  to 
us  that  the  cause  of  the  patriots  in 
Spain  is  much  more  promising  now 
than  it  was  last  month.  In  Galli- 
cia,  and  tho  northern  provinces, 
where  once  it  was  said  that  the  uf" 
most  apathy  and  indifference  to  the 
public  cause  prevailed,  we  now 
perceive  a  considerable  display  of 
spirit. 

The  capture  of  Vigo,  in  which 
two  British  frigates  co-operated, 
was  a  most  brilliant  and  daring  en- 
terprize.  In  this  affair  we  find  1500 
Spanish  veterans,  who  had  been  dis- 
charged from  the  service,  coming 
forward  as  volunteers  among  a  nu- 
merous and  brave  peasantry.  We 
take  some  credit  to  ourselves  for  the 


n i  i  K oipb<  r  of  i'ii 1 1 


opinions  Mr-  have  given  in  a  former 
.\  umber,  respecting  the  peasant*  of 
Gallicia.  When  the  I  n  ncfa  Wo- 
niteur  gravely  stated  that  thej 
murdered  all  the  I  !n 
that  came  into  their  pow<  i ,  and 
when  no  journalist  in  this  country 
stepped  forward  to  n  cue  our  brave 
from  fliis.  foul  and  ungenerous 
imputation,  «c  stated  that  the  as- 
set '  ion  must  be  a  base  and  \\  icked 
calumnj .  The  opinion  we  then 
g&\ i  w ill  now  be  found  coi rect. 
Instead  ol  murdering  the  unfor- 
ti  Btragglers  from  our  army, 
they  sheltered  them,  and  as  soon  as 
the  French  had  passed,  thej  s<  nl 
them  off  (•)  join  theii  countrymen 
in  Portugal,  [nstead  of  she^  ii 
total  apathy  to  the  cause  of  their 
country,  they  are  now  fighting  lor 
ii  with  considerable  spirit  and  bu<  - 
cess.  The  conduct  of  the  ( Jalli- 
ciana  at  this  moment  should  teach 
the  journalists  of  this  country  not 
to  be  too  ready  in  future  to  think 
ill  of  a  brave  and  generous  people, 

with  whom  we  arc  now  in  strict  al- 
liance. On  the  side  of  Portugal, 
Marshal  Soult  lias  invaded  that 
country)  and  Beized  Oporto,  after  a 
alight  resistance.  This  enterprise 
can  be  of  little  other  service  to  the 
French  than  giving  a  booty  to  the 
general  of  the  army  that  captured 
it,  tor  it  is  impossible  that  Soult 
can  maintain  his  ground  in  Portu- 
gal, having  a  superior  British  arm j 
in  trout,  and  the  Marquis  de  R«>- 
niana  and  the  (ialliciaas  in  his  rear. 
When  the  reinforcements  under  Sir 
Arthur  Welle&ley  shall  arrive  in 
IheTagus,  we  think  Portugal  will 
have  nothing  to  tear  either  from 
Marshal  Soult,  or  from  any  French 
force  that  can  be  spared  from  L'stre- 
saadura. 

Since  our  last,  a  revolution  has 


taken  place  in  Sweden,  Etod  the  king 

has  been  deposed.     I  lie  present  m- 
Iris  e\  pr<  to 

peace  « ith  liu    ia  and  I  'ram  <■,  and 
at  the  s  Hue  time  t'>  preserve   [ 
w ith    I      land.     We  I  a 

'it   siiiin  i.ni    mat 
ns  to  allow  n  .  in  indulge   in  sj 
lationa  as  to  the  pr< 
objects  being  obtained)     We  bava 

Only  simply    U)    slate    tin-  Int.    lliul 

the  Emperor  of  Russia  has.  m  . 

lent  e  of  those  evei 
armistice  with  I  that  lii» 

ler,  Alopeus,  bad  \  iaiit     S 

holm. 

\\  hat  may  be  the  final  dec'      i 
of  the  Emperor  Mexander,  or  how 

be  will  adhere  to  his  all 
with   Bonaparte,  is  i  qm  itioa  of 
great  political  importance,  but  which 
we  have  n<>  means  of  determining. 

\\  e  know,  however,  that  the  al- 
liance was  not  formed  from  friend- 
ship, or  from  any  common  \i< 
policj .  but  that  it  was  formed  from 
fear,  and  dictated  immediately  al- 
ter the  unfortunate  bal  •  ieaV 
land.  We  know  little  of  the  mind 
oi'  the  Emperor  Alexander,  or  <>f 
those  who  influence  his  conduct, 
but  Are  know  that  in  the  common 
calculation  of  human  feelings  and 
human  actions,  the  man 
friend  or  an  ally  merely  through 
fear,  is  likely  to  be  a  deadly  enemy 
when  that  fe.tr  is  removed.  Such 
may  be  the  condm  i  of  Alexan 

We  rejoice   to  state  that  Austria 
still  continues   her   formidable  de- 
fensive preparations,  and  that 
napartc  still  hesit  strike  a 

blow.  This  hesitation  can  only 
proceed  from  a  diffidence  of  his 
strength  ;  and  by  his  being  obi 
to  rival  several  of  his  divisions  t'i"iu 
Spain  to  increase  his  armies  against 
Austria,  it  is  evident  they  arc.  not 


113 


MEbTCATi    UF.PORT. 


so  numerous  as  he  would  wish  Eu- 
rope to  suppose,  If  the  Austrians  ; 
defend  themselves  ;is  well  (consi-  j 
dcritfg  their  superior  resources)  as 
the  Spanish  nation  has  done  lor  the 
last  ten  months,  it  appears  that  A  us- 
tri;i,  supported  by  Spain,  Portugal, 
and  Great  Britain,  might  balance 
the  power  of  Bonaparte  ;  and  if  a 
balance  were  once  found  to  that 
power  which  has  so  long  kept  the 
world  in  awe,  there  would  be  very 
little  don!)!  that  li is  present  allies 
would  soon  become  his  enemies, 
and  France  would  be  again  obliged 
to  return  to  her  natural  limits. 

We  shall  conclude  these  obser- 
vations, by  repeating  that,  in  the 
course  of  the  last  month,  France  ap- 
pears to  have  gained  nothing  on  the 
Continent,  but  that  she*  has  lost 
considerably  in  the  colonies. 


After  the  preceding  observations 
had  been  sent  to  the  press,  the  joy- 
ful news  has  been  received  of  the 
dest  nut  ion  of  a  considerable  part 
of  the  French  fleet  in  Basque  roads. 
We  have  the  most  sincere  pleasure 
in  congratulating  our  country  on 
an  event  so  pleasing  and  so  im- 
portant, in  its  consequences.  We 
see  that,  notwithstanding  the  suc- 
cesses which  Bonaparte  lias  hither- 
to had  on  th*e  Continent,  every  year 
that  he  perseveres  in  the  war  with 
this  country,  establishes  more  and 
more  firmly  our  maritime  superio- 
rity ;  while  every  year  removes 
him  still  farther  from  his  favourite 
object  of  "  ships,  colonies,  and 
commerce. ' '  We  arc  happy  to  have 
this  victory  to  add  to  the  successes 
which  have  marked  the  present 
month. 


MEDICAL  REPORT. 


As  account  of  the  diseases  which 
ha\e  occurred  in  the  reporter's  own 
practice,  from  the  15th  of  March  to 
the  15th  of  April,  1809. 

Jcidc  diseases. — Scarlet  fever  and 
gore  throat,  8.... Continued  fever, 
£.... Inflammatory  sore  throat,  4 — 
Catarrh,  11...  A  cute  rheumatism,  G 

Inflammation  of  the  lungs,  2 — 

Small-pox,  3.... Hooping  cough,  2 
....Acute  diseases  of  infants,  8. 

(  hronie  diseases.  —  Pulmonary 
consumption,  1 1  ....Scrofula,  2 — 
Marasmus,  1.... Cough  and  Dys- 
pnoea, 4S Cough  and  spitting  of 

blood,  I Pleurodync,  6 — Chro- 
mic rheumatism,  7 Lumbago,  2 

....Head-ache  and  Vertigo,  5'.... 
Gaslrodjniia,  8 — Dyspepsia,  7  — 
Asthenia,  ll....Palsy,  2. ...Drop- 
sy, 8 Diarrhea,  6'. ...Bilious  vo- 
miting, 3,... Colic,  l....Dyi>ure,  2 


....Ilamiatemesis,  3 ....  Hypochon- 
driasis, 2 Cutaneous  diseases,  3 

....Morbi  Muliebrium,  5. 

The  severe  weather,  during  the 
whole  of  this  month,  has  been  very 
productiye  of  disease  :  scarlet  fever 
;  and  sore  throat,  rheumatic,  catar- 
rhal, and  continued  fevers,  have  pre- 
vailed to  a  considerable  extent. 
The  most  frequent  and  obstinate 
complaints,  however,  have  been 
affections  of  the  lungs  and  chest. 
Invalids  who  had  struggled  through 
the  winter  with  dilliculty,  have  suf- 
fered relapses  ;  and  many  who  had 
hitherto  escaped  altogether,  have 
been  unable  to  resist  the  late  keen- 
ness of  the  air,  the  vicissitudes  of 
frost,  and  of  rain  or  snow;  whilst 
those  of  the  consumptive  tempera- 
ment, who  have  not  taken  unusual 
precautions,  have  been  hurried  off 


i<  i  i.  J- 1  it  w.    it  ico  it  r. 


With  lingular  r  ipidil  j .  Man  v  de- 
licate  people,   in    addition    l<»   their 

coughs,  have  been  affected  with 
pleuritic  pains  and  spitt  np  ol 
blood.  Thii  13  mptom  alwaj  1  de- 
mands immediate  attention,  l 
frequently  the  precursoi  <■!  fatal  in- 
disposition :  ii  begins  insidiously, 
;ip<l  i>  often  ii  arcelj  n  •:  ced  till  the 
frequency  and  extent  of  it  « 
alai m.    'I  In*  popular  notion  on  this, 

as  on  man\    other  suliji  <  (a    ivhli  1  • 

(o  medicine,  are  goner  illy  errone- 
ous ;  ;hhI  before  the  ph  \  sician  ir 
consulted,    irreparable  mischief  is 


often  <  fle<  ted  by  tl 

pie,  whoy 
becau      a    remedy    lis     cured 

appi    -  1 
fore  r<  liei  •  ■  soothe)  labou    n  ;  un- 
der a  Bim.il  11  complaii 
not  aware  '»i  the  diflii 
taining  the  (listing  ui  hing  1  hai 
«)!'  di  man)   <>i   them  « hich 

iproximate,  bi  ng  ca- 
illy  different,  whilst  i!.'-  <ir- 
curastances  in  which  the  patient  is 
placed,  materially  influence  hi* 
c  im plaint, and  demand  varied  in  it* 
ment. 


AGRICULTUB  \l,  REPORT. 


Tub  dry   weather  of  the    last 
month  has  hern  most  propitious  to 
the  interests  of  agriculture,  by  pre- 
paring the  land  in  the  best  manner] 
to  receive  the  seed  j  forof  such  im 
portance  is  a  dry   March    to  this' 
country,    tint    we  rarely  find   the 

crops  to  rail  after  it.   Tin*  succeed- : 

.... 
mg  genial  rams  nf  this  month  will 

bring  the  young  plants  up  together, 

and  prevent  that   waste   which  so 

often  occurs  in   harvest,  from  the 

shedding  of  the  coin  and  exposure 

to    the  autumnal   rains,   in   conse- 

quence  ol  the  earl 3  ripe  shoots  wait-  > 

ing  lortlie  maturit}  of  (he  later. 

From  the  same  favourable  state  oi 

the  weal  her.  the  young  w  It  cats  have  j 

the   most    prosperous   appearance,  ' 
and  promise  a  luxuriant  crop. 

Tin*  severe  frosts  in  the  early  part  , 
pf  this  month    have  rather  injured  ( 
the  leaf  of  the  early  son  n  peas  ;  but 
they  have  had  the  most  beneficial 
effect  in  checking  the  young  tender 


shoots,  and  keeping  back  the  bios-        Clover  seed  rises  thin  from  the 


som  which  the  mild  season  was  ex« 
posing. 


and  evi  r\  ipecies  of  green  fool  for 
soiling,  have  the  most  luxuriant 
appearance. 

The  Swedish  turnip  lias  produced 
abundance  <>J  spring  food  for  thr 
young  lambs,  which  have  had  thr* 
most  favourable  season  thai  has  <>r- 

CUrred    tor   many   years.       All   the 

accounts  from  the  Rock  countries 
concur  in  Btating  that  they  have 
suffered  less  in  their  fall  ol 
than  in  any  one  year  in  the  recol- 
lection of  the  oldest  shepherds  :  this 
we  hope  will  tend  to  reduce  the 
high  price  of  mutton,  as  the  gi  < 
in  the  grazing  counties  is  remarka- 
bly forward. 

Hay  and  straw  continue  at  hisfh 
prices,  although   the  crop- 
Near  were  abundant ;    bat  the  de- 
mand for  our  cavalry  abroad,  and 

the  late  severe  winter,  have  I 

a  large  consumption,  which  shews 
the  propriety  of  economy  in  these 
valuable  articles. 


Hail,  is  of  inferior  quality,  and 
sequcntly  feti  bes  a  high  price  :  the 
The  young   clover-,,  tares,  rye    difficulty   attending   iis    separatist 


314 


LITERARY    NOTICES    AND    INTELLIGENCE. 


from  flic  straw  and  chaff,  in  the 
best  of  years,  is  vers-  groat,  and 
proves  a  considerable  drawback 
from  the  profits  of  the  crop  ;  but 
more  particularly  so,  ■when  the  seed 


rises  thin.  If  some  machinery  could 
be  invented  (lint  would  produce  a 
complete  separation  without  injur- 
ing the  seed,  it  would  be  a  great 
acquisition  to  agriculture. 


LITERARY  NOTICES 

.A  Series  of  Letters  on  Canada 
will  shortly  appear  from  fhe  pen  of 
a  gentleman  lately  resident  some 
years  in  that  country.  They  give 
a  faithful  description  of  its  inhabit- 
ants, their  manners,  laws,  and  cus- 
toms ;  its  productions  and  trade  ; 
the  peculiarities  of  its  climate,  par- 
ticularly of  the  Canadian  winter; 
and  the  present  state  of  society  in  a 
physical  and  moral  point  of  view  ; 
w  it Ii  some  useful  remarks  on  the  po- 
licy of  the  mother  country  in  the 
management  of  her  colonies. 

Mr.  Joel  Barlow's  national  poem, 
entitled  the  Colnnibiad,  which  is  a 
magnificent  and  expensive  quarto, 
is  about  to  be  reprinted  in  London, 
in  royal  octavo.  Of  the  original, 
there  is  said  to  be  no  more  than  one 
copy  in  England. 

Messrs.  Murray,  of  London,  and 
Ballantync,  of  Edinburgh,  have 
announced  a  splendid  collection  of 
the  most  esteemed  Novels  and  Ro- 
mances, printed  from,  and  collated 
with,  the  best  editions  ;  including 
translations,  selected  from  foreign 
languages,  with  critical  and  bio- 
graphical prefaces,  in  twenty  vo- 
lumes, royal  octavo. 

Certain  booksellers  of  London, 
the  proprietors  of  the  best  novels, 
have  announced  another  collection, 
to  be  edited  by  Mrs.  Barbauld,  and 
to  contain  every  work  of  .merit  in 
that  department  of  literature. 

Dr.  W.  Neilson  proposes  to  pub- 
lish two  large  maps  of  Ancient  and 


AND  INTELLIGENCE. 
Modern  Geography  combined  : — » 
the  first  will  comprehend  all  that 
part  of  the  world  which  was  known 
to  the  ancients,  exhibiting  together 
the  ancient  and  modern  names  of 
each  place  ;  the  second  will  contain 
only  the  central  part,  or  the  (ire- 
cian  and  Roman  empires,  with 
their  dependencies.  On  the  sides 
of  each  map  will  be  alphabetical 
lists  of  all  the  ancient  names,  with 
the  corresponding  modern  ones,  so 
as  to  form  a  complete  view  of  an- 
cient geography,  presented  to  the 
eyo  at  once. 

Mr.  J.  Macdonald,  late  lieute- 
nant-colonel of  the  Caithness  Fen- 
cibles,  who  was  wrecked  in  No- 
vember last  on  the  Skaw,  intends  to 
publish  an  account  of  his  subsequent 
Travels  through  Denmark  and 
Sice  den. 

Montague  Matthew,  Esq.  M.  P. 
nephew  and  executor  of  Mrs.  Eliz. 
Montague,  will  speedily  publish 
the  Letters  of  that  lady,  together 
with  some  of  those  of  her  corre- 
spondents. 

The  works  of  the  "kite  James  Bar- 
ry, the  celebrated  painter,  are  nearly 
ready  for  publication,  in  two  quar- 
to volumes. 

Mr.  J.  Rickman,  surgeon,  of 
Lewes,  has  in  the  press  a  small 
volume,  entitled  Epislola  Amicitice, 
or  the  Friendly  Call. 

Mr.  Saunders,  demonstrator  of 
anatomy  in  St.  Thomas's  Hospital, 
is  preparing  for  publication  a  Trea- 


i  -.  i  i  i  i. if.  i  -k  i:    BBLAT1  »G    fO    mi     m  «       \  m-. 


i  <>  r  ii  u 

I    I  N  I       \  I 

In  no  department  of  the 
provcmcul  I" 
w  iiliin  tl.  |  th  in  i. 

hi  ofengrai  ing  on  wood,   i 
amelioratiom  it  is  <  hi*  t 

to  the  lalenti  and  i;  jenuil 
Thurston,    whose  dra 
the  \\<».»(l  itself,  h 

n  of  abilities  t<>  attain  su       k 

»ii  in  tli' 

ecution  <>t  their  work-.    ,\ 
of  (In-    excellence   i"   v. '. 
branch  «>f  tin-  graphic  art, 
.is  i\  pography,  has  be 
thii  country,  w ill  soon  he  sub 
ted  to  Lhe  public  by  Mr.   A 
inann,  i:i  a  series  of  engr 
wood,  executed  by  the  first  artists, 
from  emblematic  d< 
moral  and  religious,  invented  ami 
drawn  by  .Mr.  Thurston,  and 
grayed  under  his  immediate  direc- 
ts n.     Bach  of  the  sul  il  be 
accompanied  by  an  illustration 
I  the  pen  of  the   Rev.  J.  Thomas, 
i  chaplain  to  the  Earl  of  I 

ry,  to  whose  liberal  patronage 

for  i(    i 

Proposals  b 

>.  Harraden  and  S 
,    for    publishii 
;:<>n,  ./  N  ru  ■  of  Engrazt 
representing  tin*  most  pici    i 
and  i  .lices  in  the  I 

versit         ' 
torical  and  descrij   i\  •■  a<  i  on 

im  draw  in  "!r.  ilar- 

raden,  jun.     It  is  intea 
pletc  the  work  in  six  no 
to  contain  four  \  lews,  besides  oi 
entitled     T  i     Statesman,  |  sional vignettes  and  plans,  forming 
which    will   contain    biographical I a  handsome  quarto  volume,  to  bo 
sketches   of  Mr.    Pitt,    .Mr.  Fox,    completed  in  the  present  year.— To 


tite  on  some  select  pra<  tic  >l  point  - 
pel  iting  to  diseases  of  the  eye,  and 
particularly  on  tin-  nature  and  cure 
of  the    cataract    in   pei  ions    born 

blind. 

Di.  Mavor,  whose  nnmeroui 
books  on  education  have  contributed 
so  much  t<>  the  edification  of  youth, 

us  well  as  i<>  the  facilil  \  of  teaching, 
is  about  to  produce  a  book  on  which 
he  Ins  been  long  engaged,  a  >'.  /  iet 

off  \il,  cfltsms  on  popular  Siih  i  i  /v. 

The  Mother**  Catechism;  <i  Ca~ 
tcehism  <>!'  Health;  and  another 
on  General  Kn  c,m  ill  appear 

in  a  few  days,  an, I  be  followed  in 
rapid  succession  by  others  01/ 
lisli   History,   Universal  History, 
Geography ',  Animated  Natun 
turn/,  the  haws  and  Constitution  of 
England,  the  Bible, $c.    They  are 
intended  to  sell   separately,  or  to 
form,  when  collected,  two  n  crj 
pocket  volumes. 

Mr.    Bradley,    of  YVallingford, 

lias  prepared,  under  the  sanction  of 

Dr.  Valpv,  and  other  distinguished 
preceptors,  u  scries  of  Grammati- 
ml  Questions,  adapted  to  Lindley 
Murray's  grammar,  with  copious 
notes  and  illustrations.  The  idea 
was  suggested  by  Morgan's  verj 
Useful  book, the  Grammath  w  Q 

lion 

The  announced  fifty-two 

/  f  ( tures  on  iff  Church  Cati  ( /. 
by  the   Rev.   Sir  .Adam    Gordon, 

Bart,  prebendary  of  Bristol,  and 
rector  of  West  Tilbury,  will  be 
published  this  month,  in  two  vols. 
octavo. 

The  author  of.///  the  Talents, 
and  The  Comet,  has  announced  a  I 


Lord  Nelson.  8     . 
Ac.  V.    Vol.  /. 


■ 

Tt 


316 


review  or  new  publications. 


rious,  Hartaden  and  Sou  propose 
to  take  ofi'  only  one  hundred  proof 
impressions,  on  fine  wore  extra- 
sized  paper,  and  to  add  a  blank 
leaf  to  each  plate  for  private  MS. 
notes. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Bradford  will  in 
a  few  days  publish  A  Series  of 
Engravings,  in  imitation  of  draw- 
.  consisting  of  sketches  of  cos- 
tume, character,  and  country,  in 
Spain  and  Portugal,  made  during 
the  campaign,  and  on  the  route,  of 
(he  British  army  in  1808  and  I  SOD. 
The  work  is  only  to  be  obtained 
by  subscription. 

Mr.  J.  K.  Baldrey,  of  Cam- 
bridge, has  just  published  a  Print, 
from  the  painted  glass  cast  window 
of  King's  College  chapel,  Cam- 
bridge; drawn  and  engraved  by 
himself,  and  dedicated,  by  permis- 
sion, to  the  king.  The  size  of  the 
plate  is  S  feet  8  inches  by  2  feet. 
Price  0  guineas  coloured,  5  guineas 
plain. — Great  praise  is  due  to  Mr. 
Baldrey,  Mere  it  only  for  having 
rescued  this  valuable  window  from 
obscurity  ;  but  the  execution  of  the 
plate  also  does  him  much  credit  : 
the  figures  are,  drawn  correctly, 
and  the  whole  is  finished  with  the 
utmost  delicacy.  The  coloured 
print  doubtless  gives  the  best  idea 
of  the  window,  but  we  are  per- 
suaded the  admirers  of  fine  eujrrav- 
ing  will  give  the  preference  to  the 
plain  prints.  It  exhibits  a  faithful 
representation  of  the  window,  which 
i-  53  feel  high  by  28  i'ect  wide,  and 
has  been  painted  nearly  three  cen- 
turies. It  contains  six  distinct  sub- 
jects : — I.  Christ  exposed  to  the 
People.  —  2.  Pilate  washing  his 
Hands.  — ;j.  Christ  bearing  his 
Cross. — 4.  The  nailing  to  the  Cross. 
—5.    The    Crucifixion. —  (>.   The 


taking  from  the  Cross. — Many  of 
the  figures  in  these  subjects  are 
seven  feet  high  ;  and  the  grandeur 
oi'  the  designs,  with  the  masterly 
style  displayed  in  the  figures,  &c. 
prove  it  to  be  the  work  of  some 
eminent  master.  The  engraver  sup- 
poses it  to  be  by  Hans  Holbein  ; 
and  in  his  descriptions,  has  ad- 
vanced several  arguments  strongly 
in  favour  of  (his  opinion.  The  print 
is  taken  on  a  scale  of  three-quarters 
of  an  inch  to  a  foot,  and  the  artist, 
i(  seems,  has  been  nearly  tent/ears 
chiefly  employed  in  making  draw- 
ings and  engraving  the  plate.  In 
his  description  of  the  window,  be 
com  plains  of  inadequate  encourage- 
ment. We  think  he  will  not  long 
have  occasion  to  make  that  com- 
plaint, as  the  work  requires  only 
to  be  seen  to  ensure  its  success  ; 
and  we  venture  to  predict,  that  this 
print  will  be  eagerly  sought  after 
by  the  religious,  (he  amateur  of 
the  fine  arts,  and  the  antiquary. — 
Mr.  Baldrey  has  begun,  by  sub- 
scription, a  Print  from  another  of 
the  windows  of  the  same  beautiful 
chapel. 


REVIEW    OF    NEW    PUBLICATIONS. 

An    authentic    Narrative    of   the 
Causes  which  led  to  the  Death  of 
Major  Andre,  Adjutant-General 
of  his  Majesty7 s  Forces  in  North 
America.  By  Joshua  Ilett  Smith, 
Esq*  counsellor  at  law,  late  mem- 
ber of  the  Convention  of  the  State 
of  New-York.     8vo,  8. 
The  purport   of  this  work   is  so 
correctly   stated   by  the  author  in 
the    short  advertisement    prefixed, 
that,  as  our  limits  prevent  us  from 
entering  into  any  details,  we  can- 
not do  better  than  present  our  read- 


\i  u    prni.it  ati 


3   . 


rts  w  illi  an  r\lr;i(  I  from  if.  i"  • 

in  give  them  an  idea  <»i  its  object. 
IJeinfot ms  us,  that** it  was dcs 
t<>  elucidate  a  ii  insaction  the 
important  (hat  <><  <  urred  during  the 
American  war.  The  I  ite  "t  the 
author  was  10  much  blended  with 
I  ! ;  Indre,  that  lir*  con- 

siders if  necessary  to  connect  them, 
a>  ii  w  ill  tend  the  more  effectually 
to    explain    many    cir<  u 
i  bich  would  othei  wise  h]  ;  ■    i 
icure.    I  ii  conscqui 
ej    in  thii   interesting  strait  •.  hii 
o,\  ;i    life   was   placed    in  imminent 
danger,    and  the  pens  of  the  hi-- 
torian  and  the  tra\ ellei  Ii  i 
(in  justly  and  illiberally  exercised  on 
tin'  subject.    The  author  conct 
it  a  duty  which  he  owes  to  his  own 
<  I:  n  i  ler,  to  ex  pose  t'n-ir  tall  u 
particularly  as  there  is  no  person 
who  i  s  tlu*  means  of  explain- 

rag  this  subject   more  fully   than 
himself.*1 

In  our  opinion,  every  impartial 
mind  must  be  satisfied  with  Mr. 
Smith's  vindicate  to  every 

English  reader,  the  minute  parti- 
cular of  tlio  melancholy  i 
which  he  details,  must  prove  pe- 
culiarly interesting.  To  the  narra- 
tive is  subjoined  the  \J  .  com- 
posed 1\\  Miss  Seward,  on  the  death 
of  Major  Andre*,  and  some  familiar 
letters  by  the  accomplished  suffer- 
er. The  volume  is  accompanied 
with    a    well-en^ravcd     portrait    of 

major,  a  view  of  his  monu- 
ment, ;mk1  a  map  of  part  of  the 
American  States. 


*  Mr.   Sn  iih,    '  y   tii  -  G<  neral 

•I,    went   with    a    :  ce  t<> 

Andre    from    the  Vulture   *lt*>j>. 

on  landing,  conducted  him  to  the 

American  lines. 


/.  i:    .1. 

Amplilett  .  Irmo. 

justice    to    the    wnlii     ol    tl 

lume.s  in  d'-i  lare.   th, 

inn  it   \<  i  \     In       ii  | 

dinars    itandard  of  publii 

the  same  (las-  ;    and    that 

not  I  immended  lor  the 

■it  moral  1 1  titl     whit  h 

th'\  U       .-.    thin    !<t    tin       i 

and  inter  I 

the  commi  ■ 

elusion  of  I  W  <      '■  1 

happ  . 

renew  our  acquaintance  with 
entertaining  author  of  Ned  B 

'• 
[f  there  is  not  much  to  commend  in 
these  volumes,  which  appeal ' 

the  production  of  an  i 
pen,   neither  do   they    affoi 
room    f>r    ensure.        I 
simple,    and    r»  I  ited    in   an    at 
manner,    and    certain1 

preference  to  the  generality  ot 

dent    novels,    which    i. 

into    the   n 
malignity,    a 

deiii 

Philosophy  for  Youth,  or  s 

Tui  ng  tin    i, 

ml,    a.   .  mu  ntnl    i  ' 

pit'  ■    :-    ■ 

to  rchich  n  .    i 

in  Elocutioi  .     Bj    Wo 

1    vol.    pp.    ' 

The  cot 

titer  ot'  a  - 

may   be  divid  d   into  |  met 

parts.      The    tir^'    is  I 

les,  feci 

then    fo!low>    a     t: 
branches   of  natui 

- 
matics)  ;  an.!  I 
lists  ot  a  ••  vocabu 

T  I  J 


318 


REVIEW    OF    NEW    PUBLICATIONS. 


expositor  of  all  the  principal,  and  | 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  words  con- 
tained in  this  volume."  Although 
there  is  merit  in  the  selection  of  the 
English  Exercises,  and  in  the  ex- 
planation of  the  words  in  the  Vo- 
cabulary, we  feel  considerable  re- 
gret at  meeting  such  heterogeneous 
matter  in  a  work  professedly  de- 
voted to  natural  philosophy,  and 
could  wish  to  have  seen,  in  their 
places,  other  departments  of  that 
science,  which  are  entirely  omitted  ; 
such  as  optics,  the  doctrine  of  light 
and  colours,  electricity,  the  first 
principles  of  astronomy,  &c.  :  the 
more  so,  as  we  are  much  pleased 
■with  the  manner  in  which  Mr.  P. 
has  explained  the  elements  of  me- 
chanics, hydrostatics,  and  pneu- 
matics. His  style  is  as  familiar  as 
the  subjects  will  admit  of;  a  great 
variety  of  easy  experiments  arc 
pointed  out  for  the  amusement  and 
conviction  of  the  pupil  ;  many  of 
the  manual  operations  in  common 
life  are  explained  upon  scientific 
principles,  and  no  calculations  are 
brought  forward  but  such  as  de- 
pend on  the  most  common  rules  of 
arithmetic.  One  essential  defect, 
however,  we  cannot  omit  tonotice — 
the  want  of  appropriate  figures  : — 
the  few  which  are  prefixed  to  this 
volume  by  way  of  frontispiece,  are 
badly  executed,  and  far  from  suf- 
ficient to  elucidate  all  the  subjects 
in  the  text  which  require  graphical 
illustration.  Upon  the  whole,  how- 
ever, the  philosophical  part  of  this 
publication  deserves  our  commen- 
dation, and  Ave  should  not  be 
pleased  if  Mr.  P.  thought  proper 
to  avail  himself  of  our  hints,  and 
treat,  in  a  second  volume,  of  those 
parts  of  natural  philosophy  which 
arc  omitted  in  the  present  work. 


An  Introduction  to  J\Fr.  Pinkertons 
Abridgment  of  his  modern  Geo- 
graphy for  the  Use  of  Schools, 
accompanied  with  outline  Maps^ 
dye.  By  John  Williams,  1  vol. 
pp.  280.  8s.  6d.  ;  without  the 
maps,  4s. 

We  lament  that  we  are  under  the 
necessity  of  assenting  to  our  au- 
thor's observation,  as  to  the  diffi- 
culty of  ascertaining  the  precise 
boundaries  of  some  states  and  king- 
doms in  the  present  unsettled  state 
of  the  continent  of  Europe  :  at  the 
same  time,  we  indulge  a  hope  to 
see  the  period  when  our  feelings 
will  permit  us  to  bestow  a  smile  of 
contempt  at  the  farce  and  mockery 
with  which  the  caprice  of  apolitical 
nondescript  has  dared  not  only  to 
create  emperors,  kings,  dukes, 
grand-dukes,  &c.  with  greater  fa- 
cility than  a  stage  manager  expe- 
riences in  the  distribution  of  the 
characters  of  a  drama  ;  but  perhaps 
in  the  next  moment,  to  depose, 
shift,  or  exchange,  ad  libitum, 
those  ephemeral  creatures  of  his  ar- 
bitrary sway.  Under  such  dis- 
heartening aspects,  to  write  on  geo- 
graphy, or  to  study  that  once  pleas- 
ing science,  cannot  but  prove  a 
most  ungrateful  task  :  and  yet  the 
few  years  allotted  for  the  instruction 
of  youth  must  not  be  suffered  to 
pass  away  with  oat  imparting  to 
them  the  most  useful  and  necessary 
elements  of  that  science.  Mr.  Wil- 
liams's Introduction  appears  to  us 
well  calculated  to  accomplish  this 
object  ;  it  is  a  concise  and  perspi- 
cuous extract  from  Mr.  Pinkerton's 
valuable  abridgment  of  his  Modern 
Geography,  judiciously  adapted  to 
the  capacities  of  ine  junior  classes. 
The  accompanying  Atlas,  consist- 
ing of  twenty  elegant  outline  maps. 


it  r.  \  ip.w    ok    n  r. \r    pi  BLI( 


' 


will  enable  the  pupil  to  follow  a  i 
method  which  we  have  seen  adopted 
u iih  the  greatest  succi  it  thai 
of  copying  the  mapi  himself, 
thing  can  tend  more  to  familial  ize 
liis  memory  with  the  situation  of 
provinci  s,  rivci  .  low  us,  Sic.  \  and 


sfudioui  |  In  our  etti 

(ion,  the  principal  n 
thematu  d  i  ompendiu  i 

i        itcmatic 

ol   the  definitions,  and,  al 

all,   a  concise   and   p.  i  ,|,-. 

monstration  of  the  truth  ol  i 


die  laslx   itself  is  rather  an  amuse-  rule,    theorem,    <>r    problem,    de- 
ment than  a  labour.     While  we  are  duced  from  the  fundamental  j 
bound  to  acknowledge  the  supcri-  ciplcs  of  the  s<i.               i   do  vm 
ority  of  this  little  performance  over  think  that   the  word   ,                m- 
any  similar  work  we  are  acquainted  persedes  the  necessity  of  demon 
>\ iih,  we  deem  if  our  dul y  <o  re- 
commend to  the  author  a reatc 


tention  to  typographical  correct- 
ness, in  (he  event  ol'  a  future  edi- 
tion. 1>  >oks  intended  for  (lie  in- 
struction of  youth,  ought,  more 
than  any  other,  to  be  exempt  from 
of  the  pre  s. 

The  Practical  Mathematician,  con- 
taining Logarithms,  Geometry, 
Trigonoitu  try,  M<  nsuration, .  If- 
Navigation,     Spherics, 
and  Natural  Philosophy,   illu- 
strated by  a  number  of  Copper* 
Engravings.    By  John  Sa- 
bine.    I  vol.   pp.  S58.   7s.  b\l. 
The  author  conceiving  a  work 
like  this  to  have  hitherto  remained 
tideratum  in  literature,  recom- 
mends his  performance  for  "  its  sim- 
plicity and   extensive  utility  !  !  !" 
and  declares  that  this  epitome  k-  must 
be  an   inducement  to  every  intelli- 
gent youth  ami   studious  person," 
to  cultivate  the  s<  ience  of  mathe- 
matics.    To  this  opinion,  however. 
we  are  sorry  to  confess  tin"  investi- 
gation of  the  work  itselfhasso  little 
enabled  us  to  subscribe,  that  we  are 
inclined   to   believe    Mr.    Sabine's 
practical  method  will  rather  have 
a  repellent  than  an  attractive  effect 
upon  "  every  intelligent  youth  and 


lion.     Mr.  s.  howei er,  appeal 
h.u  e    \  cry  different   ideas  on 
subject.      \\  ith   the  exception  of 
the  few  p  i  res  allotted  to  gi  on 
all   demonstration  or   rcasonin 
utterly  excluded  ;  the  leai 
scquently   is  called  upon   lo  <  o    - 
mil    to    his  memory    an   imm 
number  of  barren  rules,   whicl 
cannot  properly  comprehend,  ami 
which   consequently   will   soon  lie 
W  ii!i  -lich  a  failin 
id,  all  minor  imp 
(he  work  scarcely    require  our 

The    doctrine    of    decimal 

.  w  liich,  according  to  Mr. 
s.  are  units,  divided  into  It),  l< -<\ 
parts,    is  dismissed    in   tl 

■  rariihms  are  artificial 

numbers,  contrived  to  avoid  - 
operations  in  natural  numb  i  :"' 
and  ihi>  is  all  the  explanation  Mr. 
S.  thinks  necessary  lo  rive  of  the 
i  ithraic  system,  without  refe- 
rence to  geometrical  and  arithme- 
tical proportions,  which  arc  intro- 
duced some   lit)  pages  afterwards. 

irly  as  page  l  .  i  > 
Sines.  Tangents,  and  Secants,  i* 
introduced,  without  a  word  in  ex- 
planation of  the  signification  of 
those  lerms.  and  long  before  there 
is  any  mention  made  of  ; 
raetry. 


320 


REVIEW    OF    Ni;\\'    riT.LlCATIONS. 


MEDICAL    REVIEW. 

Observations  on  the  Inflammatory 
Affections  of  the  Mucous  Mem- 
brane of  the  Bronchia.  By 
Charles Badham,  M.  I).  &c.  &c. 
12mo.  pp.  133. 

We  may  inform  those  of  our 
readers  who  are  unacquainted  with 
anatomy,  that  the  trachea  or  wind- 
pipe, after  passing  into  the  chest, 
divides  itself  into  two  branches, 
termed  Bronchia1,  one  of  which 
goes  to  the  right,  the  other  to  the 
left  portion  of  the  lungs.  The 
bronchia?  then  separate  into  other 
branches,  which  gradually  become 
smaller,  and  ultimately  terminate  in 
the  cells  of  the  lungs,  and  are  lined 
with  a  very  fine  membrane,  which 
is  the  seat  of  the  disease  we  are 
about  to  consider. 

All  of  our  readers  have  heard  of 
inflammation  of  the  lungs,  and   of 
pleurisy;  and  Dr.  Badham  asserts, 
that  medical  practitioners  being  fa- 
miliar with  the  appearances  ofthese 
two   maladies,  suppose  themselves 
to  be  sufficiently  acquainted  with 
the  acute  diseases  of  the  organs  of 
respiration.   We  know  not  on  what 
ground  he  has  entertained  an  opi- 
nion  which,    upon  reflection,    he 
must  be  convinced  is   utterly  un- 
founded.    So  far  from  boasting  that 
they  have  attained  all  that  is  to  be 
known  of  any  one  disease,  medical 
men,  in   general,  are  ready  to  ad- 
mi  t  that  their  knowledge  is  extremely 
limited,    and   that   they    have  yet 
much  to  learn.     From  their  pecu- 
liar  situation   and    delicate    struc- 
ture, the  bronchial  vessels  are  very 
liable  to  become  obstructed.     The 
membrane   which    lines   them  is  of 
line  texture,  supplied  with  nerves 
and  blood-vessels,   and  being  ex- 


of  atmospheric  air  and   moisture, 
must  frequently    be  subject   to   in- 
flammation, and  its  natural  secre- 
tion   will    consequently   be    inter- 
rupted.    Now,  these  morbid  affec- 
tions must  have  occurred  from  the 
period   when  man   became   subject 
to  disease;   and  it  is  inconceivable 
that  they    can   have  been  entirely 
overlooked  by  preceding  observers; 
indeed  Dr.  Badham  himself  informs 
us,  that  the  ancients  were  acquaint- 
ed with  an  obstructed  state  of  the 
bronchial  vessels.     The  disease  is 
certainly  familiar  to  us  ;   and  Dar- 
win and  Sauvages,  amongst  other 
modern    authors    whom   we    could 
name,     have    described    something 
very  like  it.      Nevertheless,  we  are 
disposed  to  speak  favourably  of  this 
publication;   and  shall  now  specify 
its  particular  merits.     It  contains  a 
new  classification  of  the  diseases  of 
the  bronchia' ;  and  the  terms  adopt- 
ed are  more  expressive   of  the  na- 
ture of   the   affection,   than  those 
formerly  employed.   Thus  the  term 
bronchitis  is  appropriated   to   the 
genus,  and  the  three  principal  spe- 
cies are  distinguished  by  the  epi- 
thets of  acuta,  asthenica,  and  chro- 
nica.    The  first   of  these   compre- 
hends the  disease  before  alluded  to, 
and  which   for    its   importance  we 
shall  describe  more  fully:  the   se- 
cond, bronchitis   asthenica,  is  de- 
signed for  what   is  now  awkwardly 
termed  peripneumonia  notha  ;  and 
the    third    comprises    the   chronic 
coughs,  catarrh,  and  dyspnoea,  Sec. 
']  nc  symptoms  of  bronchitis  acuta 
are  thus  detailed  by  our  author  : 
After  exposure  to  cold,  "  the  patient 
is  attacked   with  a    sense  of    con- 
striction, or  other  uneasy  feeling  at 
the  chest:   his  breathing  is  hurried 


posed  to  the  immediate  impression  ''  and  painful,  and  becomes  more  and 


MUSICAL    REVIEW. 


more  laboi ion i,  (ill  at  length  bit  or- 
tbopno3Q  iB  complete!}  established, 
End  iIk1  efTorta  of  all  the  voluntary 
muscles  ^%  1 1  ■  <  - 1  >  can  be  called  into 
action,  render  ili«'  oppressed  state 
<>f  the  lungs  sufficiently  «\  idcnl . 
The  countenance  is  full  of  anxietj . 
thr  nostrils  are  seen  in  perpetual 
motion,  nor  is  it  easj  to  conceit e  o 
more  distressing  spectacle,  than  n 
patient  under  this  attack  exhibits. 
Cough  soon  succeeds  ;  and  thou  h 
some  expectoration  attend]  there  is 
little  or  no  relief  dei ived  from  it. 
The  state  of  the  surface,  of  the 
tongue,  and  of  the  mine,  though 
liable  to  variety,  all  unequivocally 
indicate  the  phlogistic  diathesis  •. 
ami  the  moment  the  pulse  is  felt, 
the  necessity  of  immediate  venasec- 
tion  is  obvious.  Wheezing  is  not 
a  constant,  perhaps  not  a  common, 
symptom,  it  the  disease  remain 
tor  a  lew  days  unsubdued  by  pro- 
per treatment,  or  have  been  hither- 
to neglected,  all  the  marks  of  ex- 
cessive action  disappear,  the  pulse 
i.s  no  longer  full  <>r  bard,  it  lias  be- 
come excessivelj  feeble,  and  of  al- 
most countless  frequency  ;  partial 
sweats  break  out  at  intervals;  the 
patient  spits  up  an  immense  quan* I 
tiiy  of  yellow  sputa,  till  from  fee- 
bleness he  can  expectorate  no 
longer,  and  then  the  secretion  ac- 
cumulates in  the  bronchia?  till  he 
dies."  Tins  description  requires 
bo  comment ;  it  is  accurate  and 
perspicuous,  and  is  not  to  be  found 
in  an\  other  author.  Prom  the  ac- 
count ol  the  symptoms  we  were 
prepared  for  the  appearances  on 
dissection  :  the  lungs  are  sound  ; 
but  the  membrane  lining  the  bran- 
chiae present  evident  marks  of  in- 
flammation :  and  ihe  air  vessels  are 
plugged  up  by  a  (hick  tenacious  se- 
cretion.    The  only  chance  which 


the  patient  i  an  bai  e  i  earlj  I 
repeated  blci  i  I 

diaphoretic  e>  p  <  torat  in  r  medi- 
cines.    The  i  •  li  > ■■•'  vcr,  frequently 

lad  ;  ami  if  i lediate  relict   i 

obtained,  little  can  be  doi 
pnl  is  i In-  disc  isc  in  its  progi 

( )ur  limiis  |in  elude  u<  fron 
ticing  the   chronic  forma   . (i    thjg 
complaint  \  but  as  these  ire  <>t 
frequent   occurrence,  thei   ire  l>   ■< 
interest  ing  •  and  i  he  pii  i  nt   a  i  iter 
has  presented  as  with  nothing  m  w 
respecting  them,  unless  it   i-,  tome 
excellent   observations  upon  bi 
chilis  asthenica,  h bich  our  pi 
sional  readers  will  find  very  impor- 
tant.     U\  taking  our    leave  of  Dr. 
Badham,  we  maj  inform  bun,  thai 
though  we  deem  Ins  performance  ■ 
valuable  accession  to  medical  litera- 
ture, we  cannot  <  om  ■  end  Ins  st}  le, 
which  is  often  affected,  harsh,  and 

careless;  while  h : ^  contempt  lor 
modern  u  liters  ia  flippant  ami  un- 
becoming.— See    pp.     15,    lil. 


HUSK     \  I.    nt.YIKN  . 

Studio    p i  b    i  l    Pi  ino-Foei  i  . 

intended to  facilitate U     P 

of  thou  o  ho  ttudj/  thai  J>i«tnt~ 
■it,  composed^  and  flu 

Fingers  marked  to  each  Pa      i   . 

by  J  .  B.  Cramer.      Publish*  d  for 

the  Author  bj  Clementi  &  C 
Vol.  1.    (Op.  39,J   constating 

\  Ext  rcisi  r,  price  ^£l  Js. 
Vol.  J  I.   (Op.  LO,J   consisting 

12  Ext  i(  ist  r,  price  £\  6s. 

We  take  the  greatest  pi    - 
announcing  to  our  musical  readers 
this  voluminous  and  highly  \  aluable 
publication.     The   traiiM  cndl  I 

h  :its  of  the  author  as  a  composer  ,w\\ 
performer,  had  prepared  us  to 
for  something  worthy  of  his  name; 
and,  in  this  instance,  we  arc  bound 


322 


MUSICAL    REVIEW. 


to  say,  our  expectations  have  been 
fully  answered.  The  numerous  ex- 
ercises contained  in  the  Studio  per 
il  Piano-Forte^  evince  a  very  supe- 
rior degree,  of  invention,  skill,  and 
judgment ;  they,  in  fact,  comprise 
i  vi  ry  thing  possible  to  be  executed 
on  that  incomparably  perfect  in- 
strument, and,  we  candidly  own  il, 
more  than  we  before  had  thought  i( 
capable  of.  In  some  of  the  studies 
the  two  hands  execute  a  score  of  no 
less  than  four  distinct  parts,  ascend- 
ing; or  descending  in  regular  succes- 
sion ;  in  others  a  continued  trill  is 
sustained,  while  a  melody  is  pur- 
sued which  alone  would  give  full 
employment  to  both  the  hands  of  a 
moderately  skilful  performer;  yet 
none  of  these,  and  many  other  diffi- 
culties, will  be  found  beyond  the 
reach  of  a  diligent  musical  student, 
although  we  should  deceive  our 
readers,  were  we  to  lead  them  into 
a  belief  that  this  publication  is  cal- 
culated for  the  circumscribed  abi- 
lities of  a  mere  beginner  on  the  in- 
strument. It  requires  a  player  of 
some  experience  even  to  study  the 
passages  ;  for  the  exercises  are  not 
-what  is  commonly  termed  progres- 
sive, the  very  first  of  them  are  far 
from  being  easy  of  execution. 

In  a  didactic  work,  like  the  pre- 
sent, composition  and  counterpoint 
form  but  a  secondary  consideration ; 
yet  even  in  that  respect  Mr.  C.'s  ge- 
nius as  a  composer  is  every  where 
discernible.  In  many  instances  we 
have  met  with  original  and  beauti- 
ful ideas;  the  modulations  also,  as 
well  as  the  solutions  and  transition-, 
with  which  the  Studio  abounds,  are 
often  novel,  and  always  cornet  and 
in  the  best  taste  of  modern  harmony. 

In  bestowingso  unqualified  a  com- 
mendation upon  this  laborious  pro- 


duction, we  trust  our  readers  will 
acquit  us  of  any  motives  of  partia- 
lity; its  merits  stand  in  no  need  of 
our  praise,  the  Studio  per  il  Piano- 
Forte  will,  we  arc  confident,  long 
remain  a  standard  in  the  musical 
world. 

Tin:  Feast  of  Erin,  Fantasy  for 
the  Piano-  /'arte,  in  zchieh  are 
introduced  the  original  Irish  .  tirs 
of"  PlanxtyDrury,  The  Sum- 
mer  is  comings  Erin  go  bragh" 
and"  Fly  not  yet  "  composed  for, 
and  dedicate  d to  Miss  Mary  Flud- 
yer,  by  P.  Anthony  Corn — Is. 
Before  we  convey  to  our  readers 
our  approbation  of  the  above  pro- 
duction, we  think  it  right  to  express 
our  regret  at  seeing  such  talents  as 
Mr.  C.'s  thrown  away  upon  the  pre_ 
vailing  custom  among  some  compos- 
ers, of  harmonizing  or  introducinga 
variety  of  ballads  and  ditties  in  their 
compositions.  We  are  not  fond  of 
musical  patchwork,  or  harmonic 
bashes,  however  well  seasoned,  as 
in  tiie  present  instance,  the  sauce 
may  turn  out.  What  would  the 
public  think,  if  one  of  our  eminent 
painters  were  to  announce  for  inspec- 
tion a  work  of  his  pencil,  with  the 
observation,  "  in  zchich  is  introduc- 
ed the  Behedere  Apollo,  or  ftog 
and  Magog  of  Guildhall?"  Ori- 
ginality, we  conceive,  ought  to  bo 
the  primary  aim  of  art.  Excepting 
this  objection  in  principle,  we  can- 
not buf  praise  (he  manner  in  which 
Mr.  C.  has  fulfilled  his  promise  in 
the  title-page.  The  patchwork  is 
neatly  and  skilfully  joined,  and  in 
proper  places  intermixed  with  pleas- 
ing specimens  of  the  author's  own 
manufacture.  The  transitions  from 
one  air  to  the  other  are  well  prepar- 
ed, and  the  airs  themselves  handled 
under  various  form*  and  keys.  The 


MI8CELL  ^  N'  °'  ^    '<n  \M>    a  S 


/'i  tisi  af  r,t  in  wr  make  no  if  i 
therefore,  will,  even  on  thii  tide  "I 
Si.  ( reorge'i  i  h  innel,  afford  .1  li  ir« 
monic  banqucl  to  ■  numerous  i 
of  imisli  ;il  amateurs. 
A  Sonata  fot  ili<  Piano-Forti  ■ 
on  Accompaniment  for  tin   » 

lin  or  I  hilt  ,  ml  Hint  inn.  COmpOH  if 

ami  ih  il:<  att  </,  by  permission)  /<< 

Mr.    Woi  I''-      Bj  .'.  I.  Bur- 

rowes,  «'|).  I,  pi  ice  Is. 

Delighting,  ;is  wc  do,  in  our  cri- 
tical functions)  to  « ield  the  palm 
in  preference  to  the  birchen  hi  audi. 

we  feel  real  pleasure   in   doing 

(ice  to  the  abilities  which  Mr.  li. 
lias  display*  il  in  the  composition  ol 
this  sonata,  consistingofa  moderato 
movement  i"  Eb  major,  an  adagio 
in  l>  I)  major,  anil  a  rondo  in  tin 
tame   key    as   the    moderato.      The 

whole  hears  i  lie  stamp  of  theoretical 
precision  ami  correctness,  ami  proves 
that  t hi-  author  has  formed  his  taste 
after  til.'  best  Of  models. 

The  transition  in  the  second  part 
of  the  moderato  from  (.'  minor  thro' 
A  b,  ('  major,  and  other  ke\  s  (if  mu- 
tual affinity  to  G  minor  (p.  4),  evin- 
ces no  common  share  of  musical 
science.  The  same  praise  is  due  to 
p.  9)  1.  I,  of  the  adagio,  which  is 
sweet  in  ils  theme,  ami  well  sup- 
ported by  the  responses  of  the  vio- 
lin part.  The  subject  of  the  rondo 
is  Bprightlj  ,  much  in  the  manner 
ofPleyel,  and  the  passages  spirited 
>\  ithout  being  eccentric. 

Upon  the  whole,  therefore,  v,c 
feel  no  hesitation  in  pronuncing  this 


ed  w nli  i'     ■ 
dm  tions  of  the  da 

\\  oclfl1  not 

silllii   by  the  .nit '  oi  in. 

'•'/'/"<'■'     i  'ii 

- 
pat 
Bj  Dr.  John 

The    author's    \s>ll- 

will  not  be  diminished  , 

which,  altho  i 

w  ith  pathos  and  si 

^. — - 
■  we  allowed   an  obset  \ . 
it  would  be  on  the 
the  words lt  remen 
nour'd,"  where  the  icmiqu  ivers  at 

the  bi  of  the  bar.   altho       'i 

not  uncommon  in  the  works  of  our 
>m  posers,  ami  particul  irly 
ot  those  of  an  earlier 
to  us  to  be  j  aerally  attend*  d 
a  harsh  effect,  not  ■  t  with  in 

the  best  Italian  and  German  Wi 
Although  the  rbj  thm  of  the  i 
lish  language  i>  i  ert  linly  \  erj 
ferent  from  t: 

derma:!,  yet  we  do  not    think  that 
it    absolutely    requires    the    lui 

musical  admeasurement  of  sylJ 

to  w  hich  wc  have  allu 


A  new*  edition  of   Dr.   (  it'i 

Musical  Grammar  is  preparing,  with 
many  additional exampl 
by  M  tsars.  Horsl 

j  .    and  will  be  I 
livery  in  the  course  of  the  pr 
mouth  (Ma; 


MISCEL1  Wfdis  FRAGMENTS    IND  A?  ECE 


THE  POE  riC  M    G  M.i  UtD  Of  Jl  LI  A. 

Ill  it  has  given  a  charming  de- 
scription of  a  present  made  by  a 

lover  to  his  mistress  •   a  gift  which 
No.  I'.    Vol.  I. 


roma 

■i'.u  \ .  ingi  nu 
it  was  called  the  |  Fulia. 

To   understand   the  nature   oi 
I  u 


3*4 


MISCELLANEOUS    FRAGMENTS    AND    ANECDOTE?. 


<rif<,  it  will  be  necessary    to  give 
the  history  of  the  parties. 

The  beautiful  Julia  d'Angennes 
was  in  the  Mower  of  her  youth  and 
fame,  when  Gustavus,  king  of  Swe- 
den, was  making  war  in  Germany 
w  ith  the  most  splendid  success.  Ju- 
lia expressed  her  warm  admiration 
of  th  is  hero:  she  had  his  portrait 
placed  on  her  toilette,  and  took  plea- 
sure in  declaring  that  she  would  have 
no  other  lover  than  Gustavus.  The 
Duke  de  Montausier  was,  however, 
her  avowed  and  ardent  admirer.  A 
short  time  after  the  death  of  Gus- 
tavus, he  sent  her,  as  a  new-year's 
gift,  the  poetical  garland,  of  which 
the  following  is  a  description  : 

The  most  beautiful  flowers  were 
painted  in  miniature  by  an  eminent 
artist,  on  pieces  of  vellum,  all  of 
an  equal  size  :  under  every  flower 
a  sufficient  space  was  left  open  for 
a  madrigal  on  the  flower  there  paint- 
ed. He  solicited  the  wits  of  the 
time,  with  most  of  whom  he  was 
well  acquainted,  to  assist  in  the 
composition  of  these  little  poems, 
reserving  a  considerable  number  for 
the  effusions  of  his  own  amorous 
rriuse.  Under  every  flower  he  had 
its  madrigal  written  by  a  penman 
who  was  cehbrated  for  beautiful 
writing.  They  were  magnificently 
bound,  and  then  inclosed  in  a  bag 
•f  rich  Spanish  leather.  One  of  the 
prettiest  inscriptions  of  these  flow- 
ers is  the  following, 

OX  THE  VIOLET. 

Modcste  en   ;na  couleur,  uiodeste  en  mou  sc- 

jour, 
Franclic  d'umbition, je  me  cache  sausTherbe; 
ftlais  gj  survotre  front  je  puis  mevoirun  jour, 
La  plus  In  mble  des  fleurssera  la  plus  superbe. 
Modest  ir.y  colour,  modest  is  my  place, 
Pleas' d  in  the  grass  my  lowly  form  to  hide  ; 
Lut'mid  your  tresses  might  I  wind  with  grace, 
The  humblest  tiuwer  would  feel  the  loftiest 

pride. 


CURIOUS  ANECDOTE  OF  RUTH VEN-HOUSEr 

The  ancient  house  of  Ruthven, 
in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland,  once 
the  seat  oft  he  unfortunate  Gowries, 
consists  of  two  square  towers,  built 
at  different  times,  and  distinct  from 
each  other,  but  now  joined  by  build- 
ings of  later  date.  The  top  of  one 
of  these  towers  is  called  the  Maiden's 
Leap,  receiving  its  name  from  the 
following  extraordinary  fact  : — A 
daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Gowrie  was 
addressed  by  a  gentleman  of  inferior 
rank  in  the  neighbourhood,  a  fre- 
quent visitor  in  the  family,  though 
they  would  never  give  the  least 
countenance  to  his  passion.  Jlis 
lodging  was  in  the  opposite  tower 
to  that  in  which  was  the  chamber 
of  his  beloved.  The  lady,  before 
the  doors  were  shut,  had  conveyed 
herself  into  her  lover's  apartment: 
a  prying  duenna  acquainted  the 
countess,  who,  cutting  off,  as  she 
thought,  all  possibility  of  retreat, 
hastened  to  surprise  them.  The 
young  lady's  ears  were  quick  ;  she 
heard  the  footsteps  of  the  old  count- 
ess— ran  to  the  leads,  and  took  tho 
desperate  leap  of  nine  feet  four 
inches,  over  a  chasm  of  sixty  feet 
in  height ;  and  luckily  alighting  on 
the  battlement  of  the  other  tower, 
undressed  and  crept  into  bed,  where 
her  mother  with  astonishment  found 
her,  and  of  course  apologized  for 
her  unjust  suspicion.  The  fair 
daughter  did  not  choose  the  risk  of 
repeating  the  leap  ;  but  the  next 
night,  eloped,  and  was  married. 

MENDELSSOHN. 

The  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences 
at  Berlin  was  more  than  once  de- 
sirous of  enrolling  Mendelssohn 
among  its  members  ;  but  Frederic 
the  Great  would  never  permit  it, 
because  he  would  not  have  the  name 


MTBCELLANEOtTI    FRAGMENT!    A\n    AKECDOTtf. 


of  a  .Tew  in  the  same  list  with  that 
<»f  Catharine  II.  Ii  may  appear 
strange  thai  a  philosopher,a  preach- 
er of  tolerance)  and  one  who  could 
ba?e  n«>  objection  to  Mendelssohn 
on  the  m  ore  of  religion,  ihould  have 
acted  ilms.  \\  ;is  ii  from  preju- 
dice ?  for  certainty  Fredei  ic  had 
prejudice! ;  or  did  Ik*  ihink  thai  the 
great  Catharine)  the  autocrat  of  all 
the  Russias,  was  so  little-minded 
as  to  have  taken  offence  ai  it  ? 

ri  m  LOU 

when  the  worthj  tutor  of  the 
young  Duke  of  Burgundy  was  cre- 
ated archbishop  of  Cambray,  lie 
resigned  hisabbej  of  i  tint  Valery, 
thai  he  might  nol  violate  the  la wi 
of  (lie  church,  which  prohibit  the 
holding  of  ( wo  benefices  by  one  pri- 
son, and  certainly  with  great  jus- 
tin-.  Le  Tellier,  archbishop  of 
Rheims,  w  ho  was  much  more  alarm- 
ed at  this  example  than  at  the  law 

itself,  said  to  him  On  the  occasion, 
ik  You  arc  going  to  ruin  us  all." 

Fenelon'fl  Directions  pour  (a  Con- 
icienct  aTata  Roi,  is  a  book,  the 
principles  of  a  bich  ought  to  be  en- 
graven on  the  heart  of  every  so- 
vereign. 

LV     U  VRl'E. 

The  academy  of  Rouen  having 
proposed  a  Bubje<  i  for  a  prize  in 
poetry,  when  the  pieces  sent  to 
compete  foril  were  read,  the  judges 
were  unanimous  in  acknowledging 


sealed   billets  sent  with  them,  I 
found  in  each  the  name  ol  I    1 1 
La  I  In  pe  is  .said  always  to  b 

owed    I  lelsetius  ;i  gTVdgl  •    fol    lri\  - 

log  ipoken,  ;is  he  thought,  too  <  on- 
temptuously  of  liis  merit.  ■•  Let 
linn  do  what  If  will,'1  isid  the  au- 
thor of  the  essay  0*1  PE$prit,  speak* 
Ing  of  the  young  poet,  when  hi 
beginning  to  make  ;i  noise  in  the 

world  ;is  ;i  dramatist,    li   he  w  ill  ne- 
ver be  more  1I1. hi  a  tolerable  sue- 
1]  io   \  oltaire,   ai  C  unpistron 
was  io   ( lorneille  and   Racine." — 

••   No  !       What    think    \  <>u    of   his 

Warwick  ?"  said  one  of  i  he  com- 
pany.    ik  "Pis  the  master-pie* 

a  in  111  of  fifty,"    replied  the  Clitic. 

La  Harpe  was  hut  four-and-t  wenty 

when  Warwick  was  performed. 

Engel,  in  his  { Fniversal  Phil  -  - 
pher,  PhilosopA  fuer  du  H.  '■'.  re- 
lates Bereral  anecdotes  as  pro 

rabbinical  wisdom.      .\ uiooif   : 
are  the  following  : — An  emperor, 
who  hid  engaged   Rabbi  Mazer  to 

instruct    his    daughter    in    the 
ences,  said  to  him  one  day,  ••  I. 

hi,  your  belief  in  the  rourre,  1 
of  the  dead  appears  to  me  absurd  : 
when  a  body  has  fallen  to  dust, 
bon  can  ii  be  put  togetheragain  ?'' 
"  M  ister,"  said  the  emr>  ror's 
daughter,  who  was  present,  ••  al- 
low me  to  answer  my  father's  ques- 
tion. An  artist  makes  reSBl  ll 
the  great  superiority  of  two  odes    different  sixes  :  if  he  breaks  one, 

above  all   the   rest,     but   they    were     can  make  anew  one  with  the  -  nno 
puzzled  to  which   of  the  two  they     materials;     and    cannot    God,    the 


should     give    the     preference  :     at     great    artist,  do   the  same 


The 


length,  after  long  deliberation,  find-  emperor  made  no  reply,  ami  Rabbi 

tng  themselves  unable  to  decide  to  Mazer  gave  his  pupil  a  smil 

which  the  balance  inclined,   they  approbation. 

determined  to  divide  the  prize  be-  *•  Is  it  possible  that    men  should 


ftareen  the   two.      On   opening  the 


not  hen  >ut  those  who  arc  hono 
I    u  * 


m 


TriEATmcAL  nnrortT. 


by  Heaven  ?  Three  old  men  were 
explaining  to  their  children  how 
they  attained  so  great  an  age.  The 
first,  who  was  a  teacher  and  a 
priest,  said,  "  When  I  set  out  to 
teach  the  hook  of  the  law,  I  never 
enquired  how  long  the  waj  was  ; 
in v  talents  never  made  me  vain  ; 
and  I  never  preached  that  to  others 
which  I  did  not  resolve  to  practise 
myself.     This,  my  children,  is  the 

;i  why  I  have  lived  so  long." 
The  second,  who  was  a  merchant, 
said,  **  I  have  never  enriched  my- 

I  the  expence  of  my  neighbour; 
J  have  never  lain  down  in  my  bed 
villi  a  curse  :  and  I  have  taken  a 
pleasure  in  sharing  my  wealth  with 
the  poor  :  this  is  the  way  in  which  1 
attained  old  age."  The  third,  who 
■was  ihe  oldest  of  them,  added, 
"  The  proverb  says,  that  youth  is 
a  garland  of  roses,  and  old  age  a 
girdle  of  thorns  ;  bui  you,  my  chil- 
dren, are   a  garland  of  the  finest 


roses  to  my  bead:  (his  is  a  garland 
found  only  in  the  paths  of  virtue." 

QUESNAY. 

Quesnay  was  first  physician  in 
ordinary  to  Lewis  XV.  and  patro- 
nized by  Madame  de  Pompadour  ; 
and  in  this  situation  he  had  the  cou- 
rage to  bring  forward  the  elements 
of  that  political  system,  which  was 
subsequently  developed  by  Adam 
Smith  and  the  French  economists: 
but  he  was  a  man  not  to  be  tempted 
by  any  considerations  to  swerve 
from  the  paths  of  reason  and  of  vir- 
tue. When  urged  by  all  his  friends 
to  employ  his  interest  at  court  to 
obtain  for  his  son  the  place  of  one 
of  the  farmers-general,  he  said,  ii  I 
would  not  have  a  son  of  mine  ex- 
posed to  the  temptation  of  finding 
himself  interested  in  taxes  inimical 
to  the  progress  of  commerce  and 
agriculture.  The  happiness  of  my 
children  shall  be  connected  with  the 
prosperity  of  the  nation." 


THEATRICA 

The  benevolence  of  a  British 
public,  towards  professional  merit 
or  distress,  lias  been  pre-eminently 
manifested  in  the  course  of  this 
month,  at  the  Opera-House.  Six 
performances,  uniting  all  the  excel- 
lencies of  the  drama,  the  opera, 
and  the  ballet,  have  been  represent- 
ed for  the  benefit  of  the  sufferers 
by  the  fire  of  Drury-lane  theatre. 
The  receipts  produced  by  this  com- 
bination of  talents  and  exertion 
have  exceeded  the  most  sanguine 
expectations,  and  have  relieved  a 
considerable  number  of  distressed 
industrious  families. 

The  highest  encomiums  are  due 
to  Mr.  Taylor,  the  proprietor  of  the 
Opera,  for  his  loan  of  that  elegant 


L  REPORT. 

house,  and  also  to  those  ladies  and 
gentlemen,  performers  of  the  Ope- 
ra, who,  with  such  alacrity  and 
zeal,  gratuitously  contributed  their 
assistance  on  this  humane  occasion. 
The  performances  have  also  been 
graced  by  the  brilliant  powers  of 
Mrs.  Siddons  and  Madame  Catala- 
ni  ;  and  when  Ave  consider  that  the 
wain  spring  of  all  these  movements 
has  been  charity,  we  congratulate 
ourselves  and  the  public  in  having 
partaken  of  a  banquet  so  truly  de- 
licious as 

"  The  feast  of  reason,  and  the  flow  of  soul." 

With  the  surplus  arising  from  the 
above  receipts,  the  Drury-lane 
company  have  been  enabled  to 
open  the  Lyceum  for  the  remainder 


TIM'.ATmr  A  I      II  I  l'"H  l  • 


* 


hT  the  season,  and  m  now  per- 
forming at  thai  place  under  eerj 
auspicious  circumstances.  'Ill »"* 
theatre  ii  admirably  eonatrocted 
Tor  the  repreaentatioii  of  the  drama, 
the  remotest  part  "l  it  being  equally 
well  calculated  for  hearing  and  lee- 
im>; ;  and  here  ire  cannot  forbeai 
expressing  our  regrel  thai  our  me- 
tropolitan theatres  are  on  so  exten- 
sive a  icale.  The  ij  item  is  ridicu- 
lous, mil.  h  ilif  \  isual  ;iik1  the  au- 
ricular organs  of  the  auditor  could 
be  extended,  or  the  stature  and 
the  features  of  the  performers  could 
be  magnified  in  proportion.  W  <• 
wish,  nevertheless,  that  these 
buildings  may  always  occupy  an 
extensive  plot  of  ground,  in  order 
thai  our  national  taste  and  magnifi- 
cence may  be  displayed,  and  that 
every  accommodation  may  be  given 
to  the  public  in  the  avenues  to  the 
theatre  and  in  the  lobbies,  all  ol 
which  .should  be  so  constructed  as  to 
give  every  possible  facility  of  in- 
gress and  egrt  ss  tO  til*'  audience. 
What  we  contend  tor  is.  that  the 
interior  or  auditory  part  of  a  thea- 
tre should  be  in  some  ratio  to  the 
faculties  to  which  we  have  before 
alluded  ;  for  we  are  inclined  to  be- 
lieve, that  if  Garrick  himself  had 
laboured  under  the  disadvanl 
which  our  present  performers  expe- 
rience in  this  respect,  his  reputa- 
tion would  not  have  been  handed 
down  so  unequivocally  to  posterity. 


scat    in    this   extensive    DC 

o<  en  pied  at    an  carl)    hour, 
i  oik  ei  t    was  ably  h  d   bj    Mr.    I  . 
( 'ranter.     The  ?o<  al  pari  i  .  Mi  . 
Billington,   M  i  -  Parke,    Mrs.   Bi- 
am  hi,  Mis.  \  aughan,  M  II.'- 

i ison,  Kn\  \ etts,  Bartleman,  assi 
Bellamj .  An  excellent 
is  is  performed  bj  M  r.  John  <  !i  i- 
mei .  forming  alto  ;  h  i  i  treat  of 
the  first  description,  and  commesH 
surate  with  the  elegant  e,  I  ute,  and 
liberality  of  one  of  the  most  fa  biatv* 
able  audiences  we  ever  beheld. 


DR.    CALLt  0  l    s    CONCERT. 

A  concert   of  vocal    and    instru- 
mental  music  was  performed  at  the 

Opera-House  on  Thursday  evening, 

the  bill  o(  April,  lor  the  benefit  ol 
this  celebrated  composer,  who.  we 
are  sorrv  to  state,  is  labouring  un- 
der a  severe  ^disposition*     Every 


Mr.  Spagnoletti's  concert  at  the 

London     Ta\ «  in,    on     the     17th    of 

April,  afforded  one  ol  the  highest 
treats  which  the  musii  al  public 
have  enjoyed  for  some  time  past. 
In  compliance  with  the  u ishea  of 

his  numerous    friends    in   the    city, 
the  whole  ol' Mo/.  ni">  opera  ot    f  >• » i* 
Juan  was  performed.     This  lublime 
effort    of  that   immortal   com; 
the  masterpiece  of  dramatic  music, 

had     hitherto    been     but    partially 

know  n  in   England  :    the  sm  ; 
and  raptures  therefore  of  the  audi- 
ence, which  had  crowd    1  from  all 

p  nls  of  the  town,  can  scare.  I\  be 
described  :    it  brought  to  our  n 

lection  the   tales  of  wonder  a 

am  ient  history  records  of  tin-  stl 

of  <  Orpheus  and   Amphion. 
feelings  of  the  company  appe       I 

entirely  at    the   men  y    of  the  £ 

composer.      The  sweet,   the  p 

tic,  the  terrible,   Bucceeded   each 

other  in  modes  hitherto  unknown  ; 
and  repeatedly  new  a: 

chords  burst  to  the  verj  heart 

even  the  unlettered.  < 

Milton  in  harmony,  it  may  truly  be 

■aid, 

"  Into  the  heav'n  ofhcar'n  I  hav<»  presnra'd, 
"   Au  c-uiii>  guest,  auddia  •  -  ..  »ir." 


328 


FASHIONS    FOR    LADIES    AND    GENTLEMEN. 


Mrs.  Dickons  sung  the  difficult 
and  chromatic  part  of  Donna  Anna 
most  delightfully.  Miss  Hughes, 
ns  Elvira,  betrayed  some  timidity, 
which  operated  as  a  drawback  on 
her  vocal  powers.  She  bids  fair  to 
arrive  at  eminence  in  her  profession. 
Mrs.  Bland's  Zejlina  was,  as  might 


be  expected,  sprightly  and  playful. 
The  male  part  of  the  performers 
likewise  acquitted  themselves  re- 
spectably of  their  several  charac- 
ters. Mr.  Spaguoletti's  concerto 
on  the  violin  was  given  in  his  best 
style,  and  universally  applauded. 


FASHIONS  FOR  LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN. 


PLATE  23. BALL    DUESS. 

"W  hite  satin  slip,  under  a  crape 
dress,  made  to  tit  thefigure  very  ex- 
actly, cut  open  in  front,  and  bound 
all  round  with  white  satin  ribbon  and 
a  row  of  beads,  linked  together  in 
front  with  bands  of  beads  loosely 
suspended  at  distances;  short  sleeves 
the  same.  Fan  richly  spangled. 
Pearl  necklace,  with  diamond  clasp 
in  front ;  ear-rings  and  bracelets  to 
suit.  White  shoes  striped  in  scar- 
let or  blue.  Hair  in  ringlets  on  the 
forehead,  and  lightly  turned  up 
behind  with  a  diamond  comb.  Pet- 
ticoats very  short. 

PLATE  24. WALKING    DRESS. 

Dress  of  white  Scotia  washing 
silk.  Bishop's  mantle  of  sage  or 
olive-green  striped  and  plain  silks, 
made  entirely  without  seams  ;  bor- 
der  of  the  same  colour.  Hat  to  cor- 
respond, and  decorated  with  artifi- 
cial  '  ers.  Shoes  sage  or  olive- 
green,    also  to  correspond. 

GENERAL    OBSERVATIONS. 

Spanish  hats,  which  have  been 
..  all  the  winter,  with  feathers, 
for  full  dress,  are  now  converted 
.  Iking  h  its,  substituting  flow- 
ers instead  of  feathers.  Straw  hats 
and  bonnets,  ornamented  with  flow- 
ers, and  white  silk  hate,  are  making 


their    appearance    for   the  season. 
Light  silk  mantles,  of  all  colours, 
are  much  worn.      Spencers,    of  a 
beautiful    grey,    ornamented    with 
silver,  not  buttoned,  but  tied  loosely 
at  the  neck,   form  a  most  elegant 
dress.     The  Scotia  silk,   introduc- 
ed  in  the  last  number,   is  now  in 
great  request  for  dresses,  as  is  also 
the  spotted  muslin.      Colours  vary 
with  the  taste  of  the  individual; 
silver  grey  is  unquestionably    the 
most  elegant  and  the  most  fashion- 
able.     The  attempt  to  introduce 
long  waists  has  completely  failed  ; 
they  have  not,  nor  will  they  ever 
become  fashionable.  The  full  dress  of 
this  number  is  the  present  standard. 
j      I  happened  to  be  in  a  family  party 
of  ladies  on  the  evening  of  the  pub- 
lication of  the  last  month's  Reposi- 
tory .-the  moment  it  was  introduced, 
the  dresses  became  the  subject  of 
critical  animadversion,  and  the  essay 
attached  to  them   under  the  title 
"  General  Observations,"  was  read 
aloud  for  the  entertainment  of  the 
company.  Various  (as  may  be  sup- 
posed) were  the  comments  of  the 
fair  hearers.     I  was  pleased  to  find 
that  scarlet  was  given  up  to  its  fate 
without  a  pang :  the  colour,  how- 
ever, was  out  of  fashion  and  out  of 
season,  so  that  I  could  not  congra- 
tulate myself  much  on  the  victory. 
Green,  on  the  contrary,  found  its 


a  u.e  s  s 


DKKS  S 


;  mno  s*  i  on  LADiei   i  m>  c  i  v  i  m  m  i  n  . 


?•  ') 


idmiren  and  mpportert.  Green  1 
cool,  lovely,  refreshing  preen  I — 
Green,  the  universal  liverj  of  na- 
lare  I  These  and  limilai  en  lama- 

lions  from  the  lovelj  lips  of  ae<  om- 

plished   beauty,  made  me   almosl 

wa\er   in  in\  opinion,  and  tempted 

me  to  recal  the  anathema  pronounc- 
ed against  it.    Thii  was  aof  all. 

The  passage  soon  occurred  in 
which  tin'  writer  looka  forward  to 
the  tine  w  hen  the  M  dress  ofthe  I5r i - 
(isli  fair  shall  be  established  on  the 
simple  and  unerring  principles  of 

nature."  — —Here  il;elovel\    reader 

made  a  sudden  pause.  —  u  Pi i»- 
ciples  of  natun ,"  she  repeated  (as 
if  to  ascertain  whether  she  had  read 
the  author  aright),  and  a<  the  same 
Instant  the  "  principles  of nature" 

was  echoed  through  the  room,  ac- 
companied In  all  (lie  marks  of  con- 
fused apprehension.  Tlie  whole  of 
the  passage  was  repeated — still  no- 
thing could  be  made  of  it.  Ai  length 
«  maiden  lady,  with  a  prudish  gra- 
vity <A'  aspect  and  contemptuous 
elevation  of  nose,  obsen  ed,  that,  in 
her  opinion,  ii  was  mere  impudt  nee. 
— u  tfoftfre  indeed  !'*  said  she.  "  Ii 
v. oulil  make  die  g hosts  ofour  grand- 
mothers blush,  could  tin  v  see  how 
much  of  natun  is  already  exj 
— and  has  this  felloa  the  •  surance 
to  wi^li  for  more.9  For  my  own  part, 
1  was  not  without  the  ! 
the  modish  innovations  of  the  pre- 
sent day  set  aside,  and  the  hoop  pet- 
ticoat, w  ith  all  its  modest  an  I 
coming   appei  da;  sin  intro- 

duced into  the  circles  of  fashion  : — 
but  if  this  fellow  be  permitted  to  go 

on really  I  have  not  patience  to 

think  of  it — I  will  write  myself  to  1 
the  Bishop  o(  London,  or  to  the 
Society  lor  the  Suppression  of  Vice, 


Slid     Lref    a    slop    put    to    his    liiipu- 

dence. " 

.\  II  this,   and  IBOcfa  more,   \\ 

in  my  i  haraetrr  <  i  r/o,  com- 

pelled to  listen  to  ;   and  now   I 
make  my  app 

self  from    o  di    i  Iful  n  <  hai     .     I 
oul\  entreat  t"  be  beai  I 

promise  that  i  ren  the  fastidiou 

j  ni  •   ( '«i sli  ba    (.\  ho  is  now  l.<  - 
come  the  fashionable  monitoi » shall 
find  nothing  t<>  obj  <  I  to  in  all 
has  been  adi  an<  cd. 

Ii  has  been  the  aim  of  all  nat 
to  convert  those  garments  which  the 
climaterenden  at  o  ssary,  into  some- 
thing decorative  and  ornamental; 
and  as  long  as  the  decorations  an 
kept  in  subordination  to  tb 

decorated,  they  will  beingOOd  I 
but    no   longer  ;   the   moment    | 

becomes  principal,  all  beauty  and 
consistency  is  lost.  That  dress,  then, 
which  displays  as  much  ofthe  I 
as  i>  required  by  grace,  without  in- 
fringingthe  lawsof  modesty — w  bich 

shall  leave  the  limbs  to 
greatest  ease  to  the  wearer,  anil  the 
most  agreeable  effect  on  the  ej 
the  beholder,  and  admit  only  such 
ornaments   as   will    :tdd    to,    rather 
than  diminish  the 

and  figure,  may,  in  strict  propriety, 

ed  upon  tlm 

ciples  of  nature. 

But  my  limits  wHl  not  admit  of 

enlarging  at  present  on  this  idea. 

1    will    resume    t  lit"    sube 

and  -will  endeai  oar  the 
lownsome  gi  neral  rules  for  the 
/  oi    the   colours    i: 
duced  in  dress  to  the  e  trious 

rs    and    complex  the 

lovely  wearers. 

Arbiter  Elegantiarcm. 


'I  »1 

1 


TT.iA.  \TT    AND    GKEElt's    SHEW-ROOM. 


C  V.  \ T  [(EH  E N  'S    FA  SHION8. 

Under  this  head  we  have  no  other 
alteration  to  record  in  the  present 
month,  except  that  leather  breeches, 
of  a  very  deep  colour,  approaching 


to  brown,  and  boots,  are  much  worn 
bv  gentlemen.  It  will  be  recollect- 
ed, that,  in  our  number  for  March, 
we  announced  the  probability  of 
.Mich  a  chance. 


Plate  22.— MESSRS.  PELLATT  AND  GREEN'S  SHE W-ROOM 
ST.  PAUL'S  CHURCH- YARD. 


The  plate,   which   accompanies  this 
article,  is   a  representation  of  a  shew- 
rooni,  57  feet  long  and  21   broad,  fitted 
up  with  great  taste,  and  forming  part  of 
the  extensive  premises  of  Messrs.  Pellatt 
and  Green,   glass-makers  to  the  king,  St. 
Paul's  church-yard.     In  this  room  is  ex- 
hihitcd  an  elegant  assortment   of  glass, 
china  and  earthen-ware,  in  a  word,  of  all 
those  articles  of  humble  utility,  or  costly 
decoration,  which  are  to  be  found  in  the 
principal  glass-shops  of  this  metropolis. 
The  manufacture  of  glass  was  not  in- 
troduced into  England  till  the  year  1557. 
The  finer  sort  was  first  made  in  Clutched 
Friars,  and  flint  glass,  little  inferior  to 
that  of  Venice,  in  the   Savoy-house,  in 
the  Strand.     This  manufacture  appears  to 
have  been  much  improved  in  1635,  when 
it  was  carried   on  with  sea-coal  or   pit- 
coal  instead  of  wood  ;  and  a  monopoly 
Was  granted  to  Sir  Robert  Mansell,  who 
was  allowed  to  import  the  fine  Venetian 
flint  glasses  for  drinking,  the  art  of  mak- 
ing which  was  not  brought  to  perfection 
till  the  conclusion  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury.    Since    that  period,    however,  so 
much  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  mak- 
ing  of  glass  of  every  description,  that 
oar  manufacturers  are  allowed  to  excel 
those  of  any  other  nation,  in   the  supe- 
rior quality  of  their  productions,  as  well 
as  in  the  style  and  ingenuity  of  the   cut- 
ting.    Such,  indeed,     is    the   perfection 
which    they   have    attained,    that    these 
brilliant  articles  contribute  not  a  Utile  to 
the  internal  embellishment  of  the  man- 
sions of  the  great  and  wealthy. 

In  the  manufacture  of  porcelain  also 
British  ingenuity  has  been  lately  exer- 
cised with  such  success,  as  to  be  making 
a  rapid  progress  to  an  equality  with  other 


countries,  by  which  it  has  hitherto  been 
excelled.  On  the  other  hand,  the  supe- 
riority of  our  earthen-ware  is  universally 
acknowledged,  and  is  particularly  at- 
tested by  the  vast  quantities  which  are 
continually  exported  to  every  quarter  of 
the  globe.  Its  utility,  indeed,  is  so  ex- 
tensive, that  it  would  be  difficult  to  de- 
vise a  substitute  equally  cheap,  elegant, 
and  convenient  ;  and  with  respect  not 
only  to  this,  but  likewise  to  glass  and 
china,  it  may  be  truly  affirmed,  that 
they  are  become  articles  of  necessity  as 
v\ell  as  ornament. 

England  has  lately  derived  consider- 
able advantages  from  the  useful  inven- 
tions of  many  ingenious  men.  Among 
these  should  be  classed  Messrs.  Pellatt 
and  Green's  Glass  Illuminators,  for  ad- 
mitting day-light  into  the  internal  parts 
of  ships  and  buildings,  for  which  they 
have  obtained  a  patent.  The  benefit 
derived  from  the  application  of  this  in- 
vention is  incalculable,  and  its  advantages 
are  such  as  to  increase,  in  a  surprising 
degree,  the  comfort  of  cur  tars  in  par- 
ticular, which  the  'following  statements 
sufficiently  attest : — 

COPT     OF    A     LETTER     RECEIVED     fROSf 
CAPT.    LLEWELLEN. 

3Icssrs.  Pellatt  and  Green, 
Gentlemen, 

I  feel  much  satisfaction  in  being 
able  to  substantiate  the  value  of  your 
patent  illuminators,  by  a  fair  and  regular 
trial  of  them  in  two  vessels  1  am  con- 
cerned in,  the  George  and  the  Wey- 
mouth, to  prove  their  utility.  I  caused 
the  forecastle  scuttles  to  be  shut,  and 
we  found  but  little  diiference  in  the  light 
below  ;  a  sailor  was  mending  his  stock- 
ing when  we  went  in,  the  forecastle,  and 


\J 


-JT_  cl 


Plaa  a?, 


J 1 I l —J L 


_L L 


Sofa    Bed . 

"EPosjrasrocJfirs  tfSub.l'iWav JfOQ .  at  joi.  Strand  /.oxdox. 


FAiBlOHABLB   TV 


after  we  had  cl< 

med  in  emploj  stent,  ind   nm   i"  work 

without  :m\  'inii'  alt) .     I  bad  onlj 

-    I<  ll    .slll|>. 

i        lilorsare  |  '••  -""I 

1  beard  them  d<  clare,  thej  wool  i 

m  a  ship  thai  had  your  lights 
|        .  ll,. m  in  a   h  p  without  th<  m 

1  .mi  certain,  w  h<  n  their  value   will 
become  known,  thai  ev<  ry  ship,  parti- 
|j    mall  ship*,  will  nol  go  without 
tl„  iii  ,  ■  add  to  the  «  omforts 

of  a  common  tailor,  who,  in  bad  w«a 
tlicr,  whan  'I. 

!,    u    no!  .it    .i    |i  H   to    timl    his 

clothes,  In  can  be  upon  dick  immedi- 
ately, and  would  be  the  means  of  laving 
sails  tint  were  in  the  act  of  splitting, 
for  wanl  of  immedi  mce  ;  and 

in .iy  I  ii"t  add,  thai  crew,  ship,  and  car- 
go, might  be  saved  by  having  imm< 
help  in  a  sudden  squall? 

1  iinu-vi  r  willing  to  bear  testimony  to 
any  improi  emenl  that  j  i 
ship,  and  tends,  in  any  waj  . 
tin'  comforts  of  the  seamen  ;  and 

f,   in  justice    to    your    invention, 
bound  to  write  you  this  account. 

I  am,  Gentlemen,   fee.  &c 

Wjl.    I.I  BW  ill  1  H. 

No.  7,  Great  St  Thomas  Apostle* 
Aug.  25,  1807. 


pool,     . 

wlui  li  ill-  i  .  ; 

and  bad  il  nc4  b<  •  i 

of   ill' 

twe<  ii  m 

I 

whollj  il  t"  the  j. 

minat< 

of  the  tea.     i  I 

■  f  hundn 
who,   it 
board  the  Rodney  u ■  •  I 

j   of  tlic  illumin 
ownti 
ions  to  obtain  th 

■    ■ 
tion  of  the    H  a.  I  .  "lackwood, 

K.  N.  Capti  in  Pick! 

I 
seen  their  invention 

ire  considi 
:    thai    il   will    ;  »1  to 

a  as  it 
adds  to  the  comfort  of  oth 


HIONABLE  FURNITURE. 


K.ATB21. — SOFA   OR   PEBNCB    B'D. 

Thb  frame  of  this  piece  of  furniture 
i-   of  mahogany,    the  omasa 
cttted  in  mel 
and  and  •.  '  w  rtfa  w  bite  satin  ; 

the  outsidi  -  i  nds  in  bla< 

the  draper}  suspi  od<  ouch,  Ii 

havmg  ornamen 

vel   i 

silk  frin        -  on  the  ( 

tli.-  c 

-,  aYi- 
trarian  The  ii 

wholi 

No.  r.  V( '.  /. 


tanner  of  or  vm-, 
jjrour.  . 

Id  quillin 
with  I 
. 
w  hole. 

.Hire   is  ol 
with   •  1   he 

trimm  A 

i 

velvet    an  I 

X  x 


'  I 


]'.  V\KItrrTCIF.S    AND    DIVIDENDS. 


on  a  platform,  covered  with  carpet  the  there  is  hardly  any   apartment   in  which 

Same  as  the  room.     A  pedestal,  painted  they  may  not  he  suitably  placed. 
as  marble,   is  placed   on   one   side,   and1  nze  and  gold  still  continue  in  use 

<         nented  with   01  serving  as  a  in  the  more  ornamental   and   decorative, 

table.  The  dome  of  the  bed  has  a  strong  articles  of  table-.,  candelabras,    grai 

1    ;  ' ''  1   to    it,    with    hooks,  and  cornices  for  windows;  and  we  still 

h  slip  into  fixed  in  the  wall,  witness  a  taste  for  using  draperies  in  con- 

\.  hereby   ft  may   be   pot   up  and  taken  j-tinuation.      Holding  the   antique     as   a 


down  at  pleasure,   leaving  only  the  sofa. 

GENERAL   OBSERVATIONS. 


1  ground-work   for  ta»;e,  a  much  lighter 
style  evinces  itself  in  modern  works  of 


The  taste   1>>;-  single  colours,  in  silks     art  than   has   prevailed  for   some  time  ; 

01    calicoes,    stdl   continues  to    prevail,      for  which  we  are  greatly  indebted  to  the 

ornamented   with  metal     Grecian  school,   and  which  in  the  space 

in  various   elegant   devices,   are  in     of  a  very  few  years,  bids  fair  to  give  this 

rani  use,   and  certainly  have  a  good   :  country   the  pre-eminence,  not  only   id 

',  from    their  great  neatness;  and  |l  execution,   but  also  in  design. 


ALLEGORICAL  WOOD-CUT,  WITH  PATTERNS  OF 
BRITISH  MANUFACTURE. 


Tuc  pattern,  No.    1,  is  the  Adairian 
a  novel  article,  of  an  uncommonly 
neal  and  elegant  appearance,  yard  and 
half  wide,  and  exquisitely    adapted   for 
morning  dresses,     Jt  is  manufac- 
tured in  the  north  of  England,  and   fiir- 
i  us  by  !Mrs.  Thomas   and  Co.  cor- 
ner of  Chancery-lane. 

2  is  a  white  and  lilac  figured  sars- 
net,  half  yard  wide,  much  in  fashion  for  I 
pelisses.    It  is  the  manufacture  of  Harris,  ! 
.      dy,  and  Co.  Pall-Mali. 
No.  3  is  a  Turkish   figured  gauze,  half1 


yard  wide,  for  dresses,  worn  in  a  variety 
of  colours,  but  principally  in  that  <>l 
which  we  have  given  the  pattern.  It  is 
furnished  us  bv  the  manufacturers,  Ro- 
barts.  Plowman,  and  Snug^s.  of  Chan- 
dos-street,  Covent -garden. 

No.  4  is  called  printed  India  rib.  It 
is  a  species  of  marcella,  and  is,  at  this 
moment,  a  very  fashionable  article  for 
gentlemen's  waistcoats.  It  is  furnished 
us  by  Messrs.  Kesteven  and  Co.  York- 
street,  Govent-garden. 


MARRIAGES  AND  DEATHS, 
Arranged  in  the  Alphabetical  Order  of  the  Counties. 


BUCKIWGHAMSHIRE. —  Married.']   At  Ivrr, 
5.  Farer,  esq.  to  Miss  If  it  ford.— At  West  YVy- 

con-b, Dayle,  esq.  to  "Wi-^  Crowther. 

Cambridgeshire.  —  married.]    At  H.i!- 

:ii,  !he  Rev.  J    Fayrer,  of  Soaiersham, 

ishire,  to  Miss  S.  Clay. 

Cheshire  — Married.]     At  Knutsford,  the 

I  L.   Dixon,   to   Miss  Drake. — Mr    Cop- 

•  >  lli.-s  Wargaret  Knowles. — At  Prest- 

bury,  Joshua  '>'•  ood,  esq.  to  Mrs.  >.' irtioIl>;. 

]     At  Nantwich,  Mrs.  Leversage. — At 
Ala  ciepfield,  Mr.  W.  Roe. 

CoRXWAiL.DVrf]  The  Reverend  Malachi 
of  St.  Hilary  ami  Gwinnear, 
Iculator  to  the  Board  of  Lon- 


gitude.— In  St  Agnes,  aged  s6,  Capt.  John 
Tregelles.-'At  Roscrow,  near  Penryn, Miss  Fox. 
— At  Polruan,  Mrs.  Michell,83. — AtTrevillin, 
H.  H.Gillard,  esq— -At  Poughill,  the  wife  of 
Thomas  Tiood,  jun.  esq. 

Ci  mberland. — Married.]  At  Kirklinton, 
Mr.  David  Tate,  aged  60,  to  Hiss  Mary  Little, 
aged  19. 

Died]  At  Middleton-Place,  Mb.  Burn,  and 
the  fol'owing  day  her  husband,  Joseph  B.  esq. 
— At  Winmarley,  aged  90,  Ann  Bourne-,  mo- 
ther, grandmother,  great-grandmother,  to  13? 
children. 

Devonshire. — Married]  At  Kelly,  Sam. 
Laing,  esq.  lo  Miss  Agnes  Kelly. — At  Exeter, 


Ci)t  l\cpositon> 

Of  Arts,  Literature,  Commerce,  Manufactures,  Fashions,  and  Polit. 

Manufactirkrs,  Factors,  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in  Fancy  Goods  that 
come  within  the  scope  of  this  Plan,  arc  requested  to  send  Patterns  of  such  new 
Articles  as  they  come  out,  and  if  the  requisite-  of  Novelty,  Fashion,  and 
Elegance  are  united,  the  quantity  necessary  for  this  Magazine  will  be  ordered. 

R.  Ackermann,  101,  Strand,  London,  17 
= *' 


IfABRIAOEfl    HMD    Dl 


J rili it  Grubb,  jitn  esq    "i  thi   B  ■ 

\  I .     <  1 1  • . .      hi       \ii       i  •  itl  .  I 
no.  to  Al  Lydio  Boui  i  •       Mi    Rl< 

IN  iinr  i,  ol     l|il  d  'i",  i"   Mi   i  D 

Hurford,  of  I  '  iplt  .'''iii 

Lt  Tivci i 

1,1  ,:i.    n i  Mil         \i     I     •  iii.    Ml        I 

*. Hill. ill    I't  mil       I  i 

I  I    lllllli  I  I  ml. til 

.  tin  i  |.i ,  .!■•.  •!  ,  ii        \  i  I'  ishopwi  ai  ii  on) ! 

I       I     ii  HtlgtOn  iii  'ii     P 

,    M  i      i  Iioiii  ii    P. ii  kin,    «l'"  '1   ( 
I\|..,,kuc.u  nii.-illi,     Mi 

I    1  l 

1  1  i ,  .11  in 

tilt)   Heath,   esq       \>    H  u 

\.  :i  Ii,    P     \  .       .  '  .  Hall, 

ili<  iii    Hon   1  "i.l  I'll.. 

GlOVCI     rERSIURI         ''    •    !       \i  <  •' 
!•  1 ,  John  '■  ihen  V        ilicld, 

1         \i    Iii:,.      ■.■•    .'  1  v    I  I.,      .  ,    U 

III     1  oiii.tinl,  .   i|      Al  Stratton,  1 1 
Clcmi  it  Glynn,i  fed  \          U  Paiimw  ick,  Mrs. 
:       fi  1 1   11  , .  8a 

[ilii.i, «  iic  ni  Daniel  Raj  1 1 

II  \  m  1M11  ki.    •  'i,  Southampton, 

0  Gilbert  H  toM  iaa 

Ami  LyelL— Capt.  Harvey,  of  the  ■  ighl  1  .1I1 
Lighl  Dragoons,  t«>  Lad)  Honoria  Wo 

-Cap! 
1     rd,  of  1  lie  t  ruards,  I 

•1  Plymouth,  aged  Bti,  N  i 
Vincent)  esq.  Admiral  of  the  White. — Al 
:  mpton,  Lad)    I 

Richard  Hughes.      Mm     Mar)  N'ickUn, 
«)j. — At  Tit  hfield,  John  Adam  Carter,  m  | 

Hi  km  i'it  ii-ui  ai       Diei        URi 
711,  Mis   l  lack,  laal   lurvtvii  g  grand  child  of 
Vandei  ford  Kyrle,  esq.  gra 

tin-  1  <  1 ;<  il   Man  <      Kosi       \t    I  '• 

John  Cam,  esq  1        trer-j    neralfortheconnty, 
,        Rev,    James  Rob<  rt*,   I  v   L) 
Hector  «'t'  Abbe)    Dure,  and.   Vicar  o; 
Marcle. 

Kint.  —  Married.]     At  Lewisham,  William 
Haley,  esq.  i<>  Miss  Mary  Welfbrd. 

1 
miral  of  the  Blue, 

Moore,  ot  tlir  royal     iin<  rs  —  \t    R 
1  lamest  .  of  the  \  frica      Lit  al 

.Mann,  of  the  Ow<  iwcr. 

1  \  m  1  -  .i  1  hi  Lt  l      •  hi,  1; 

Prescot,  isij.   to 

Mr.  J  Mrs.  Aun  J 

idson  of  the  br'ul 
.  and  I  .  1    gmii  Udaughtci    ■ 
bride's  maid 

.  »      •  ■   •        tbam, 
aged   95  -    At    Ulverstou, 
aged 65. —  A 1  Grange,  new  Mr.  I!. 

Mount*  y,  eged  1)7. 

LllCESireRSIII  :.r  .  U    Hio 

\\  illiam    I 

worth,  Mrs.  i  :  — Al 

1 8 1 . 

Ii  \ .  Tbos 

ps,  t  -•;  —  \i    Bi 
Moctoa  —  \      ' 
»      :  -At  Louth,  Mrs 

—At  Crowle,  Miss  11    1 '.  < 


MiDDtcsri  In  I 

r»rtb,   •    'i    '•'■  1  ■ 

1 
: 

1 
1 

I'lll  I 

— At  H 

\i  l 

AIm ill.  •  I 

■ 
I 


' 


Ira  mpoi  1  hoard  —  '  ' 
hart      G.  B 

I 
I  1:  ii 

■ 

1:  .ii 

h    j-  in  Id  — T.  i 

Glyn.-  " 

\\  oa  I,    esq. — J 

the  l  lui 

Otle) .  ■ 

ten,  si.    Gee 

■  bael  Smith 
taq 

1 
,  .  »q  I  i — in  - 

mini'1. 

HAM.—  r'.'  '  '    P 

I      W  ;n      N  i 

. 
Mis.  Ilm-b 

Nor  mi  m  beri  \  •.  n  -- ' 
ttrtam,  '. 

J.  Th« 

Al   the  1 

, 

'■    1 

Northampton 

Milton,   i'..   Bowk 

JV  ill.: 

Oil  1 

\ 

■ 
■ 

Shropshire  - 

- 


354 


BANKRUPTCIES    AND    DIVIDENDS. 


i  of  the  civil  establishment  in  India. — Ai 

Bristol,  W.  Huntington!,  ttq.  brother  of  the 
Bishop  of  Gloucester. — II.  Goode,   esq.  -  Y. 
I  -Ai   Lawrence  Hill,  E  B.  Da- 
\t  Bath,  Glyn  Wynn,  esq.  special 
pleadi  i  I  ourt  of  Chancery,  aged  87. — 

plis.  Sandys. — Capt. Gouldi    y. 

Staffordshire.— Married.]  At  Mayfield, 
W.  Greaves,  M.  D.  of  'Ti:-:;  Evans. 

Died  \  At  Lichfield,  ward,  a  lady 

of  di;  •  rary  (  dents,  which  she 

disr.l  •  Lous  pnbiications  — The  Rev. 

J  .  .1  ,  !■  D.  archdeacon  of  Derby,  pre- 
the  <  athedral  of  Lichfield,  rector 
of  Thorpe  Constantine  in  this  county,  and 
vicar  of  Lullington,  Derbyshire. — At  Great 
Barr  ball,  Mrs.  W  hitby,  :-.J<  ii  7s. 

Suffolk. — Died.]  At  Halesworth,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Jermyn. — At  (heat  Bradfield,  in  his 
114th  year,  t:  e  Rev.  Mr.  Creek,  who  had 
1  s  I  ooln  astir  at  that  place  87  years. — 
At  Ipswich,  Lieut.  Milner,  of  the  Derby  mi- 
litia. 

Susr.EY. — Married]  At  Mortlake,  the  Rev. 
Stealer  Port<  n,  to  Miss  Harriett  S.  Willett. 

Died.]  At  Kennington,  Mr.  I"..  E.  Townsend, 
of  the  Horns  tavern,  and  late  of  Covent-gar- 
der.  theatre. — At  Walworth,  H.  North,  esq. — 
At  Battersea,  A.  Champion,  esq.  a  director 
of  the  hank  of  England. 

Si'^t\  — Died.]  At  Brighton,  Mrs.  Soaine. 
-~-Yv"    V>  ade,    esq.    master   of  the  ceremonies 
cf  that  place.— At  Chichester,  Mr.  W.  Witt- 
aged  79. 

Warwickshire — Married]  At  Aston 
J.  Bearaes,  ecq.  to  Miss  A.  I.  Whitmore. 

.  f.]At  Tackbrook,  T.  Smith,  esq.  aged  J  01. 
lie  retained  his  faculties  to  the  last,  and  used 
to  walk  20  miles  a  day  to  superintend  his 
farms;  which  task  he  performed  a  week  he- 
re; died. — At  Birmingham,  W.  Beach, 
M.  D.— Mr.  R.  Pilcher. 

WILTSHIRE. —  Worried.]  At  Devizes,  Ma- 
jor G.  Evans,  to  Mis&  Spalding. — At  Calne, 
the  Rev.  C.  Fhillott,  to  Miss  1  Pei.der. — T. 
Oi  1  esq.  to  Miss  Anatie — At  Salisbury, 

Mr.  J.  L.  M.  Wyatt,  to  Mies  Newport. 


Died]  At  Warminster,    J.  S.  Frowd,  esq, 

Worcestershire.  —  Married.}  At  Po- 
wick,  near  Worcester,  R.  Stone,  esq  to  Miss 
Blew. 

Died.]  At  Worcester,  Mrs.  Ann  Challoner, 
"> — Mr.  R.  Intell,   aged  69. — At  Red- 
ditch,  Mrs.  Millward — At  Bushley,  Mr.  R. 
tged  89.     He  had  14   children  by  one 
1  grand-children,  and  23  great-grand* 
children. 

Yorkshire. — Married.]  At  York,  Wm. 
Raven,  to  Miss  L.  Brown. — At  Halifax,  Jas. 
Haley,  esq.  to  Miss  EL  Patchet 

Died.]  At  Hull,  J.  Voase,  esq. — T.  Jackson, 
esq  aged  77. — At. Skew  kirk,  near  Green  Kaui- 
merton,  Miss  Ursula  Tenant. —  At  Hcworth 
Grange,  Mrs.  Bourne,  aged  23. — At  Scarbro', 
the  wife  of  S.  Dale,  esq. — At  Northallerton,. 
aced  72,  H.  Todd,  esq.— At  York,  Mrs  M01- 
ritt. — Maria,  younger  daughter  of  Wm.  Bayl- 
den,  esq. — At  Wenslcy,  T.  Mawe,  esq. 

Wales — Married.]  C.  Lloyd,  esq.  to  Miss 
M.  Hughes. 

Died.]  At  Montgomery,  aged  90,  C.  Jones, 
esq. — At  Brynbella,  Denbigh,  G.  Piozzi,  esq. 
— At  Conway,  the  Rev.  H.  Williams. 

Scotla  N  n. . —  Married.]  At  Edinburgh, 
Captain  T.  F.  Baucgh,  R.  N.  to  Miss  Mary 
Scott. 

Died.]  At  Kilmarnock,  J.  Goldie,  esq.  aged 
84. — At  Edinburgh,  Christian  Elizabeth,  dow- 
ager countess  of  Kintore. — J  Campbell,  esq. 
ot'Shawfield,  M.  P.  for  Rothsay.— AtStichell- 
house,  Sir  J.  Pringle,  bait,  aged  83. 

Ireland.  —  Married.]  At  Cashell,  Lord 
Viscount  Bernard,  son  ot  the  Earl  of  Baitdon, 
and  M.  P.  for  the  county  of  Cork,  to  Miss 
Broderirk,  daughter  of  the  archbishop  of 
Cashell. 

Died.]  In  Dublin,  the  dowager  countess  of 
Mayo — The  dowager  Lady  Steele. — The  Rt. 
Hon.  John  M.  Mason,  agrd  84. — At  Altren, 
county  of  Limerick,  in  fail  possession  ot*  her 
faculties,  Mrs.  Eleouoia  Scaulafc,  aged   110- 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  BANKRUPTCIES  AND  DIVIDENDS. 


BANKRUPTCIES. 

Tat  Saiititart'  Names  are  betioeen  Parentheses. 
Ace:,  J.  the  younger,  Bristol,  printer  (Car- 

id  Spe:  r.  Gray's  Inn. 
Alien.).  Toxteth  Park,  Lancaster,  oilman 
(Bicg,   Hatton-garden 

Austin  1  .  Chester,  coach-proprietor  and 
innkeeper     (Huxley,  Temple,  Loudon 

Bailey   T.    Bn ■■■  .    vicaialler     (Con- 

*table,  Symoud's  Inn 

Bsgg>  P.  Gloucester  Terrace,  Cannon-street 
TtuC,  auctioneer  Smith  and  Henderson, 
Lemon  street,  Goodman's  Fields 

key   G,  the  elder,  Stepney,  ship-owner 
(Le:gh  and  Albion,  New  bridge  street 

Brothers    J.    P.    Alderraaubury,    London, 
lor     (Trowd  and  Blandrbrd,  Temple 

—  ■  It  toy  maker 


Brothers  J.  P.  and  S.  R.  Brothers  (Frowd 
and  Blaudford,  Temple,  London 

Brown,  J.  and  J.  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
saddlers     (Flexney,  Chancery  lane 

Brown,  J.  C.  Sa'ford,  Lancaster,  hawker 
(Ellis,  Cursitor  street 

Bull  J.  Deptford,  victualler  (Drake,  Old 
Fish  street,  Doctor's  Commons 

Burwell  J.  Union  street,  near  North  Shields, 
Northumberland,  upholsterer  (Meggison,  Hat- 
ton  garden 

Clapson  I.  Henrietta  street,  Hackney  road 
(Wasborough,  Warnford  ct.   Throgmoi  ton  st 

Colton,  S.  and  W.  Scawby,  Lincoln,  corn- 
merchants  (Leigh  and  Mason,  INew  Bridge 
street 

Court  J.  St.  Briavel's,  Gloucestershire,  tim- 
ber merchant  (James,  Cslford,  Gloucester- 
shir* 


iis    ami    nivi 


< 

i 

•        ii,  J.  Drui  i 

<  until ngbi  in,     I  I  J.     J 

ar,  Da 

bn »n     B1  .•    i.c  •  i, 

Kll»-<  II    '  H" 

i   .  ,  nport,    •'      Mai  < !"   i< r,    1'  •■!  'i       Ed 
mind  inn 

!>!•■.    I       |  ham,    dealer  in  roal* 

l 

D.I-. 

I  I 

1       : 
J 

St.  Mil  'Hi  \ 

:,     »  . .;  tha 

I  J  ■  ■.    • 

(Cnaningham,  N< w    North   iti     ;,   Red  Lion 

•(jnan- 

a,   millrr 
I 

l"<  aj  '..i  ;     i 
man  'lc 

t'orsli  r  1'   '.i.  tt  Yarmoutl  book- 

teller    (Haoratt  and   Metci  n'ainn 

i\cvr  tipiarc 

,0(1     T       C:  .:■ 

I 

ill    and 
•ord 

HarrJana    S.  Kent   i 
(Maj son,  (  'Lurch    • 

Bayuei  M.  S.  u  broker 

,   Ik derick's  ; 
Hitchcock  J.  <>il  •  i .  .       . 

. ,   «  Ii  1 1 1  :- 1       ;    . 
ami  Son,  Si.  Su  tI,;,  s 

Holl  md  11  ,  brick-maker 

Williams,  Red  1   "  i  ^  ; 

Holland  J.  Cfceapside,  -      Mea- 

doMXPifi,  Gray's-ino 

Ho, ion  S  Btrmlngtoam,  draper  (Paito.i, 
Temple 

Hull  T.  Bath,  rarrirr  S  mdyi  and  Morton, 
(  i  i  ,i-  com  i,  1  Ii    • 

Hunt  T.  Yoik.  (!ier       Morton, 

l'n  nteaTa  iaa 

Jr.'  Grif- 

fith, Secondaries  iple 

Law  D  tin-  >  o"  ;■,  cnmmon- 

Leacli  J.Tun.i  -  .shop- 
keeper     vj  inA  I            fa  ino 

jo  W    1(  ..  .,   ric- 

tuallor      H  ic  t'r  inn 

Maiiml   J.    i ;    I  r     ^Punton, 

|  '  'Hit,    i  \r    ■ 

1  F.   I.    aiM    !       J      •     -,  Hollis  stri  • 

teudish  square,  miltii  ■>    tfonncey,  Charlotte 

i  UIC 

M'Leo.l  VT.  C|  Itmin- 

iter,  hi  m;     .:  Llderma 

>hn  W    Pin  ;  J 

■  n  J  Wi:  d,  1  .  .  :ct 


' 
I 

t 

I 

ISo.. 

I  •  •       i 

I     I 

! 

(Kiruli  i  l  ' 

"    '  I 

(A 'In 

, 

I 

I.N.I 

and  H<       It,    I 

I 

- 

'  'Iieshirc,  tanner   Tllia, 
I 

■e  iv  -  and  Makii 

.  '•>  let  an  J 

ckapman     Kin  l 

inn 

1       '■ 

>n  square 

;nare, 
t  and  Thn-.  .in 

- 
I  corn    i  inn 

!  J.  Smallv.  • 
1 

•lineham,  dealer   and  chap- 
man ,  15  lake  lock  and  M.ikin-on.  l.ln-iourt 

hber, 

Tnbb  W.  and  J.  H    A.  Scott,   kme*   road, 
men     Jo;ie»  and  Ro< 
i  iarden  ckun  hjard 

Turner  J  er,  but 

igi  and  Col- 
.1  ilu-  Inn 

N    ulle,    factor    (Wilde, 
I 
I 
(Berke,  Doctor*'  Commons 

WraMcham   VT.  Seethinc  lane,    mom. 
laiuther  and  Son,   London 
church-street 

DIVlDl 

• 
'.  16— Albany    J      \S    •    .     H 


ZS6 


BANKRUPTCIES    AND    DIVIDEND*. 


Manchester,  builder,  .April   19 — Anderson  J. 
1  church  street,  paper  hang     .    '  a 

P.  A   Basinghall  street,  merchant,  May 
.   r.  Manchester,    »    >  '■  int,  M  ■> 
9 — Balterbee  B.  Lynn,  Norfolk,  baberdasht  r, 
June  3 — Beale  J.  Southampton   Btre  t,  Cara- 
;  atheroatical  inst  ument  maker,  April 

n,  II.  G.  Graj  "s  [nn  squ  .1  ■,  '1  01  ■■  j 
sci i vein r,  April  22 — Bennett  J.  M.  Br 

9  T.  i).  sii  g- 
liull  si  ird  H.  M.  and  B 

rey's  square,  merchants,  April  24 
— ,  in •  .i.  Bishop's  Castle,  Salop,  plumber, 
Apt  :1  jt» — Bow  man  J.Water  Iane,7  ower  s;,n  t, 
braudj  t,  Mayg — Bridger  j.  junior, 

W  .  .  :    nicy,  tallow  chandler,  April  92— 

Briii'lio,  R.  Ley  land,  Lancashire,  bleacher, 
April  19 — Broster T.Liverpool, stationer,  May 
(j — Brown  \V.  I v i •  1  p:  street,  Bloomsbury,  gro- 
cer, April  25 — Brown  S.  Charing  Cross,  sword 
cutler,  May  27 — Bryan  W.  Camberwell,  mer- 
chant, May  9 — Bun  her  Win.  Chapel  street, 
Westminster,  carpenter,  April  a — Burgess  J. 
Coventry  street,  inilitarj  batter,  April  15 — 
Burnett  I.  I  lull,  \  root  1.  April  2(3 — Carter  J. 
Sandwich,  draper,  April  22 — Chappie  James, 
Grace's  alley,  Welclose  square,  hosier,  May  2 
— Chevertou  E.  Newport,  Isle  of  Wight,  linen 
and  woollen  draper,  Apiil  19 — Chi  yney  John, 
Oxford  strict,  linen  draper,  April  1 1 — Clarke 
T.  Portsmouth,  merchant,  April  si — Close  W. 
Leeds,  dyer,  July  1 — (lose,  W.  and  Close  M. 
Leeds,  dyers,  July  1 — Cole  J.  Cock  Hill,  Step- 
ney, taylor,  April  25 — Collins  J.  Jewry-street, 
Aldgate,  merchant,  May  ti — Colqnhoun  A. 
High-street,  Lambeth,  yeast  merchant  and 
cooper,  A  pi  it  22 — Cooke,  S.  Tunbridge,  Wilts, 
clothier,  April  12 — Cooke,  H.  and  J.  Herbert, 
Birchin  lane,  merchants,  May  G — Cotten  T. 
Grove,  Hackney,  insurance  broker,  April  22 — 
Cotton  L.  Fenchurch  street,  merchant,  May 
0 — Cox  S.  B.  Gfllingham,  Dorset,  miller,  April 
i!.r, — Crombie  D. Great  Hermitage  street,Wap- 
ping,  mariner,  Api  i!  8 — Croston  Wis.  Liver- 
]  ool,  ship  chandler,  April  12 — Dale  I.  R.  Exe- 
ter, earthenwareman,  April  26 — Damant  B. 
Wbitechapel,  brazier,  April  is — Damurel  B. 
Wh;t<  chaptl, brazil  r,  April  18 — Davies  P.  late 
•f  Blockfriar's  Ro?.d,  but  now  of  the  King's 
Bench  Prison,  batter, May 6 — Davis  George, 
Cranboum-street,  Leicester  Fields,  May  2 — 
Dawson  J  Aldgate  High  street,  linen  draper, 
April  is — Dean  Wm.  Newburgb,  Lancashire, 
common  brewer,  May  4 — Dixon  J.  Manchester, 
merchant,  May  8 — Dunn  J.  and  C.  Robinson 
Wood  > 1 1  f « t,  factors,  April  5 — Dunn  Thos. 
Tunbridge  Wells,  clothier,  May  9 — Elliot  T. 
Bedford-street,  Coveut  Garden,  taylor,  May  2 
— Ewer  W.  Little  Love  lane,  Aldermanbury, 
merchant,  May  17 — Farbridge  Robt.  Paragon 
P  ace,  Kent  Roar',  tin. her  merchant,  May  (J — 
Fletcher  E.  Souerby,  York,  woolstapler,  April 
27 — Fortnum  W.  Ball  alley,  Lombard  street, 
stationer,  Mayg — Franklin  T. Leighton  Buz- 
zard, Beds,  money  scrivener,  May  (3 — Geddcs 
Jas.  Cleveland  street,  Fitzroy-square,  glover, 
dealer,  April  29 — German  J.  Aldermanbuiy, 
hosier,  May  9 — Gilfard  J.  Shepherd  stic  t, 
Oxford-street,  coal  merchant,  May  2 — Gill, J. 
Naburn,  York,  draper,  April  13 — Gillani  J. 
Cambridge,  merchant,  May  1 — Giiuber  Giles, 


Sandwich,  Kent, draper,  April  i.r> — Glover  1) 
Gutter  lane,  merchant  and  underwriter,  June 
3 — Godden  T.  Maidstone,  carpenter,  May  \6 
— Gouiiicn  R  Liverpool,  merchant,  May  4 — 
<  raff  J.  and  P.  I;.  Foley,  Tower  Royal,  mer- 
chants, April  20 — Graham  J.  Choi-ley,  La  11- 
ast  r,  and  J.  Harrison,  Preseot,  Lancaster, 
liquor  merchants,  Apr!  28 — Guest,  J.  M.Bir- 
mingham, merchant,  May  9 — Hall  J.  and  W 
Duulop,  Newcasle  upon  Tyne,  merchants, 
April  l J — Harvey  T.  Newport,  Isle  of  Wight, 
ironmonger,  April  19 — Hetherington Thomas, 
Lawrence  Pountney  lane,  broker,  May  2 — Hc- 
trell  John,  Exeter,  corn  merchant,  May  18 — 
Hill  B.  Little  St.  Martin's  lane,  man's  mercer, 
May  9 — Hirst  J.Suffolk  lane,  Cannon-street, 
broker,  May  29 — Hodgmans  R.  Folks  tone,  en- 
gine maker,  May  9 — Hodgson  J.  Liverpool, 
auctioneer,  Mayg— Hoffman  D.  Bolton  street, 
Long  Acre,  cheesemonger,  May  6 — Hogg  J. 
and  Edward  Holmes,  Sherborne  lane,  Lom- 
bard-street, merchants,  May  9 — Holdsworth 
W.  Addingham,  flax  spinner,  May  5 — Horlcy, 
R.  Epsom,  pork  butcher,  May  16 — Hucks  S. 
Canal  vow,  Bermondseyj  cooper,  May  27 — 
Humphreys,  N.  Shoreditch,  linen  draper,  May 
SO — HuntS.  Crondall,  Southampton,  tanner, 
April  22 — Hunt  Jos.  Liverpool,  haberdasher, 
May  19 — Hurry  N.  Liverpool,  merchant,  May. 
12— Ingleden,  S.  Huddersfield,  linen  draper, 
April  24 — JacksonJohn,  Liverpool,  men  hunt, 
May  3 — Jones,  W.  A.  Aldermanbury,  haber- 
dasher, May  6 — Jours  J.  Liangellen,  Denbigh, 
shopkeeper,  May  1 — lones  George,  Liverpool, 
bookseller,  May  it — Kenworthy  C.  and  Edw. 
Stainland,  York,  cotton  spinners,  April  22 — 
Kerrison  T.  A.  Norwich,  banker,  April  13 — 
Kirke  G.  snd  John  Ford,  Grocer's-hall  court, 
merchants,  May  2 — Kirkman  E.  Portsmouth, 
linen  draper,  April  29 — Last  John,  Brighton, 
builder,  June  1 — Levy,  J.  I.  Haydon  street, 
Minories,  dealer  and  chapman,  May  29 — Lewis 
J.  Old  Jewry,  warehouseman,  May  27 — Lup- 
ton  T.  Skipton,  York,  hardware  shopkeeper, 
May  6 — Mackenzie,  J.  Old  Bailey,  bookseller, 
May  2 — Malcolm,  S.  Old  Broad  street,  broker, 
April  29 — Maiden,  J.  Graftou-street,  Pancras, 
grocer,  April  24 — Mallison,  G.  and  J.  She  aid, 
Huddersrield,  dyers,  April  27 — Marsh  R.  Old 
Bailey,  oilman,  Maj  0 — Marsh  A.  Aldgate, 
jei  olier,  June  3 — Middleton,  R.  Liverpool, 
merchant,  April  21 — Milligan  Rich.  Portsea, 
brewer,  April  22 — M'K inlay  Daniel,  Size  lane, 
merchant,  May  2 — Morgan  S.  and  Mat.  Rcad- 
shaw  Morley,  York  street,  Southwark,  hop 
factors,  May  l(j — Morris  E.  Carmarthen,  inn- 
keeper, April  24— Mure  R.  R.  Mure,  and  W. 
Mure,  Fenchurch  street,  merchants,  May  23. — 
r  antes  H.  Warnford-court,  Throgmorton-st. 
merchant,  April  15 — Nattrass  J.  St.  John's 
Chapel,  Durham,  innkeeper,  April  29—  New- 
comb,  Cieorge,  Bath,  jeweller,  May  2 — Nield  J. 
Manchester,  grocer,  April  25— Page  John,  Bi- 
hopsgate  street,  haberdasher,  April  29 — Par- 
sons John,  Cheapside,  warehouseman,  May  9 
— Payne  R.  Raine,  Essex,  shopkeeper, April  29 
—Peacock  Joseph  A.  Broad-street,  Ratcliffe, 
cheesi  monger,  May  2 — Penn,  1.  Leather  lane, 
vintner,  May  lG — Piper  J.  and  K.  Winder, 
Richmond,  Surrey,  grocers,  July  29 — Phfmbe 
Thomas,  Oiuisl.uk,  Manchester,  manufactu- 


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METEOROLOGICAL    JOURNAL, 

Kept  by  R.  Banks,  Mathematical  Instrument- Maker,  Strand,  London, 


1609 

BAROME- 

THERMOMETER. 

WEATHER. 

MAR. 

TER. 

High- 

Low- 

Day of 

9  A:  M. 

JAM 

)P.M 

est. 

est. 

Day. 

Night. 

03 

29-96 

47 

52 

59 

4b 

Fair 

Fair 

04 

9970 

4b 

45 

55 

42 

Ditto 

Rain 

OS 

09.34 

44 

43 

50 

38 

Rain 

Fair 

ofi 

2917 

42 

44 

48 

38 

Fair 

Ditto 

27 

09.JO 

44 

46 

52 

40 

Ditto 

Ditto 

08 

0945 

45 

42 

50 

39 

Ham 

Rain 

29 

2973 

42 

40 

45 

35 

Fair 

Fair 

30 

2983 

38 

42 

44 

38 

Ditto 

D.tto 

31 

2979 

42 

40* 

49 

3b 

Ditto 

v  linuly 

APR 

l 

2973 

40 

39 

45 

31 

Ditto 

Fair 

2 

09. 80 

38 

36 

43 

29 

Hai!§ 

Ditto 

3 

29  9'> 

34 

37 

43 

28 

Ditto 

Ditto 

A 

30.05 

35 

08 

40 

32 

Ditto 

Ditto 

5 

oO.Jfj 

34 

36 

42 

30 

Ditto 

Ditto 

b 

30.07 

36 

3b 

44 

30 

Rain 

Rain 

7 

30.16 

38 

39 

46 

28 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

8 

30.33 

40 

42f 

5D 

37 

Fair 

Ditto 

9 

30.14 

42 

4b 

52 

44 

Ditto 

Rain 

10 

29-91 

46 

50 

5b 

45 

Rain 

Cloudy 

1 1 

2956 

48 

42 

53 

32 

Ditto 

1  ilto 

10 

09. 80 

40 

43 

48 

40 

Fair 

Rain|| 

13 

0932 

42 

44f 

52 

33 

Rain 

Cloudy 

14 

2909 

42 

45 

46 

40 

Ditto 

Dittof[ 

15 

29.47 

43 

46 

50 

40 

Fair 

Ditto 

16 

29.08 

46 

47 

53 

41 

Ditto 

Rain 

17 

29.13 

41 

40 

43 

34 

Rain 

Ditto 

18 

0957 

36 

37 

42 

32 

Hail 

Fair 

19 

29-77 

34 

39 

43 

35 

Fair 

Ditto 

2<j** 

29.73 

40 

38 

42 

35 

Snow 

Rain 

01 

29.5s 

38 

40 

42 

39 

Ditto 

Cloudy 

00 

29.67 

44 

4b 

47 

45 

R*iu 

Fair 

*  With  very  told  wind.      +  Venus  and  Mais  visible  at  times.     \  Lightning  at  9  P.  M. 
^  Tiom  g  A.  M.  to  1  P.  M.  the  thermometer  rose  4  deg.  and  during  the  heavy  storm  of  hail  fell 

to  38.  and  afterwards  rose  to  43. 
t|  Very  high  wind  at  1 1  P.  M.     ^  Thunder  at  half  past  6  A.  M.  again,  with  hail  and  lightning 

at  1  P.  M. 
**  Heavy  snow  at  1  P.  M.  again  during  the  night  of  the  21st. 

PRICES 

Of  Fire-Oj/iee,  Mine,  Doeh,  Canal,  Water-Works,  Brezsery,  c\  Public 
Institution  Shares,  c}c.  Sfe.  for  April  1809. 

Golden-Lane  Br.  new  802.  sh.  £78  a  80  per  sh. 
Ditto  original  50Z,  shares       71g».  a  78/.  p.  sh. 
British  Ale  Brewery  or.  5  0!.  sh.  £2  5a2  15-  pm. 
East  London  Water- Works      51a  52gs.  pro. 
West  Middlesex  ditto      -      -       7  a  9gs.  pm. 
Ditto  new  shares    -     -     -     -     11  a  13|gs.  pm. 
London  Institution         -     -     84  o  per  share 
Surrey  ditto  -----     30/.  a  30gs.  p.  sh. 
Commercial-Road  Stock   -  113  a  U5i  p.  cent. 
Auction  Mart   -     -     -     -    -     24  to  30gs.  pro. 
Vauxhall  Bridge  Shares       -     4  10  a  Par. 
Strand  Ditto       -     -     -     -       4  0  a  4  4  pr.  sh. 
Hope  Cattle  Insurance    -  -  -  -  Par. 
Coveut  Garden  new  Theatre   £500  sub- 
scription shares    -----     4ogs  pm. 


Albion  Fire  &  Life  Assur.     -   57  a  59gs.  p.  sh 
Atlas  Fire  and  Life     -     -     -       Par. 
Eagle  ditto     ------    Par. 

Globe  ditto £112  a  114  p.  ct 

Hope  ditto  -  -  -  -  8s.  a  los.  per  sh.  pin. 
Imperial  ditto  -  -  -  -  £'4  per  ct.  pm. 
Rock  Life  Ass.  -  -  -  -  -  4s.  per  sh.  pm. 
Kent  Fire  Office  -  -  -  47  a  50  0  per  sh.  pm. 
Commercial  Dock  Stock  -  130  a  135  per  cent. 
East  India  ditto  -  -  -  124  a  12  .  O  per  cent. 
West  Ind. a  ditto  -  -  lb8|  a  170^  ditto 
London  ditto  ....  us  a  119  ditto 
Grand  Junction  Canal  Shares  14b  a  lSOffs  p  sh. 
Kennett  ft  Avon  ditto  -  £23  opersh.  pm. 
Golden-Lane  Brewery  original  80^. 

shares      ...     -       9b  a  97gs.  per  sh. 

FORTUNE  &  Co.  Stock -Brokers  and 
General  Agents,  13,  Comhill, 


LEWIS,  WOLFE,  and  Co. 
Change  Alley. 


Printed,  for  R.  Ackerman:*,  by  Harrison  and Rutier,  373,  Strand. 


Des'tf 


IW1J,     >     » 


///// 


/A/f/ ///  ////.■  i ,'//  /it/ /tr/ >;r/,    //  . 

.•////////// //4/    /A,         ///,.•// 

t ir//i%  /.•  ,//    •f..y  ■ 

■•■////// //'A '/•     ////////.■ 
1 1  f  / y 


! 


I  111 


3&epo6ttorj> 


or 


ARTS,  LITERATURE,  COMMERCE, 

Manufactures,  Fashions^  and  Politics, 

For  ,11   \  I :.    ]<u\). 


i_hf  Strtf;  dumber. 


EMBELLISHMENTS. 


pm-i 





1 

•    I    tSHIONABLB    WoUK-TwaE,    FoOThTOOL,    DaAWlMG-RoOM    TaBOVB] 


f.  The   Red  Grouse.  /      // 

2.  I.xnii  •.'  Walking- Dais*    .     . 

3. Prombnaoi  DaZtf     . 

4.  Vnw    or  c  um.ton-Hoi  -1 


ClI  UR 


«.   Aii.tooi;i<'VL  Woou-C'iT,  With  Pattern* , 

CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

rv  <>f  the  Useful  and  Polite  Arts  342 
The  dreadful    Picture  of  France, 

I>n  Mir  ill  .1-  a  Warning  to  other 
Nations 3  j.,5 

Observations  on  Painting  and  Draw* 
ing,   by  Juninus 351 

On     Theatrical     Architecture     and 

Tmi      3j5 

Historical  Tarts  relative to Eoropeaa 
Manners  and  Customs    .    .    .     3j7 

1  >•  icription  <>f  the  Peninsula  tailed 

S  rickland  K.w.inEsthwaiteLake, 

Westmoreland 358 

Fourth  Letter  from  Italy     .     .     .     33^ 
Account  oi  1  he  Crimea,   Historical 

and   Descriptive 

id  Letter  from  North  America  3Ub 
Anders  to  the  Queries  respecting 

the  Concealment  o     Bankr 

Effects 

A  Medical  Query 370 

Answer  to  the  Enquiry  relative  to 

Boiling  Tar ,7,. 


1  \r.  t 
Amelia's  Third  letter     .... 

Answer  la  .  ,„ 

»  .  IV iM 



Fourth  Le!!<  r   of  an   1  conomlst  on 
the   Waste  of  Agricultural    I 

*» 

British  Sports 

'  ;  ■  •..... 

Intelligence  relating  to  tbi 

'    "t  N<  M  Publicalii us     .     .     383 
*  of  New  Music  . 
Retro- 

il  Report 

iltural  Rep.-it  .     .     ,     .     .     sorj 

397 

Gentlemen       ... 

i  V  M  ription   of  Carlton- 

Hoose 

oal  (  Furniture    .... 

tish  Manufacture     . 



AlphabetkarX 

Dividends  . 


400 

. 
401 

•ft. 


TO  READERS  AND  CORRESPONDENTS. 

kc.  we  cannot  forbear  aebtovltdgmg,  wUh  the  simeust  ,ra,u       .  ./ 

encouragement  which  our  exertion,  have  htherto  "^"ZfTcffaveto 
unuanSn  of  this  hberal  support  w  proporuon  «  , «tf *»  »  «'rt« f j£?0*ITO„ 
assart  oar  readers  thai  we  Ull«  ao<  .'A..-  tn  oar  «"_'»";  " !""  nf„mx  and  ,„. 
not  only  interesting  for  the  day,  but  a  standard  wort  fo,  future  referaee 

f°"wc  "have,  a,  we  announced  in  oar  last  puliation   teen .under  *£***-* 
variety  of  communication, ,  which  we  could  not  ^."^Xrt^t?,nlnded  to 

^Ui^olot^e^der  that  ^pectaLn^rofit  hasnott^ dtU 


'    'Z  Supplement  to  the  present   Votom  contains    _£.  ^JgZfe 

standing  the  extraordinary  quantity  of  matter,  the  puce  charged  jor 

that  of  the  regular  numbers.  „       ,    , 

Gold  and  Silver  Medals, /o  k  .wM  at  the  end  of  the  year, 
of  the  best  Essays. 

The  Reflections  on  Old  Age,  ty  J.  H.  R-  «»  W  »  our  "«£     . 

FAe  Letter  of  a  Constant  Header  «  laid  before  the  Reviewer  of  Music. 

L  E  's  wceUenJ  Z«/er  ios«  Ae  »e*i<*d  tn  »./**«*  Number. 

The  communication  of  Universalis  shall  meet  wth  due  attention  in  our  next  Volume 

^History  of  the  Ancient  Egyptians  shall,  if  possible,   be  introduced  utto  our 
tarly  succeeding   Numbers. 

Carolus  is  inadrnissible. 

rrito  is  not  sufficiently  interesting  to  obtain  a  place  in  our  pages. 
sZldlhe  Ballad  hT.  C.  &  no,  find  rotm  in  the  Supplement,  „  shall  posutvely 
nnnrar  in  our  Number  for  July.  , 

"Z.y  communications,  too  m~~M  individual  acknowledgment,  ore  under 

consideration. 


3&cposttotj> 


in 


ARTS,  LITERATURE,  COMMERCE, 

Manufactures,  Fashions,  and  Po 

For  .H  \!..   1809. 


^l)f  ©ml)  pumbfr. 


r  he  suffrage  i 


The  praise  that'    worth  ambition, 
Bj  senae  alone,  and  <1  :iJ. 


A  II  11  -  . 


HISTORY  OF  THE  USEFUL  AND  POL! 
(  Continued  from  page  ^()9.J 

history   of    architecture    iv  number  of  solid,  convenient,       1 

Britain.  nagnificeni  edifices   for  their  own 

\\  hi  \  the  Britons  were  invaded  accommodation,  bnt  instructed  and 

by  the  Romans,  they  bad  nothing 


among  them  answering  to  our  ideas 
of  a  city  or  (own.  Their  dwellings, 
like  those  of  the  ancient  Germ 
were  scattered  about  the  country. 
and  generally  Bifuated  on  the  brink 
of  some  rivulet,  for  the  sakeof  water, 
and  on  the  skirt  of  some  wood  or 
forest,  for  the  convenience  of  hunt- 
ing and  pasture.  \\  here  these  in- 
viting  circumstances  were  most  con- 
spicuous, the  chiefs  fixed  their  re- 
sidence :  their  friends  and  followers 
built  their  houses  as  near  to  them 
as  the}'  could,  and  this  naturally 
produced  an  ancient  British  town. 
The   Romans,    however,    0:1   their 


encouraged  the  nath  e  land 

to  follow  their  exampl  •.     Th. 
sequence  \\:i  .  that  601 1  about  the 
•  1)  <'f  the  Christian  era  to  the 
middle  of  the  fourth  centui 
tecture  and  all  the  arts  imn 
connected  with  it,  flourished  in 
tain  ;  and  the  same  taste  for  erect  in? 
solid,    convent     ;.    and    beautiful 
buildings,  which    b  id  BO  I 
vailed  in  Italy,  was  Uttrod 
tin-   country.      Every   part   1 
abounded   A\ith    well-built 
villages,    forts,  an  !    its  and 

this  spirit  of  build  inch  im- 

proved the  t.iste  and  u  I   the 

number  of  British  builders, 


arrival,  not  onlv  built  a  prodigious     the  third  century, 
No.  VI.    Vol,  I.  Z  z 


342 


HISTORY  OF  THE  USEFUL  AND  POLITE  ARTS. 


celebrated  for  (he  multitude  and  ex- 
cellence of  its  architects  and  arti- 
ficers. 

The  final  departure  of  the  Romans 
was,  however,  followed  by  the  al- 
most total  extinction  of  architecture 
in  Britain.  The  most  wanton  and 
extensive  devastations  were  commit- 
ted by  the  Saxons,  the  new  in- 
vaders, among  whom  it  seems  to 
have  been  a  maxim  to  destroy  all 
the  towns  and  castles  which  they 
took  from  their  enemies,  instead  of 
preserving  them  for  their  own  use. 
It  cannot  be  supposed  that  a  people 
who  wantonly  destroyed  so  many 
beautiful  and  useful  structures,  had 
any  taste  for  the  arts  by  which  they 
had  been  erected.  The  trutli  is, 
that  the  Anglo-Saxons  at  their  ar- 
rival in  Britain  were  almost  totally 
ignorant  of  those  arts  ;  having,  like 
the  rest  of  the  Germans,  been  ac- 
customed to  live  in  wretched  hovels 
built  of  wood  or  earth,  and  covered 
with  straw  or  the  branches  of  trees. 
Neither  did  they  much  improve  in 
the  knowledge  of  architecture  for 
two  centuries  afterwards  ;  during 
which  period,  masonry  was  quite 
unknown  and  unpractised  in  this 
island,  and  the  walls  even  of  cathe- 
drals were  built  of  wood. 

It  was  not  till  towards  the  con- 
clusion of  the  seventh  century  that 
the  art.  of  building  edifices  of  stone 
was  revived  by  two  ecclesiastics, 
who,  in  frequent  visits  to  Rome,  had 
imbibed  a  taste  for  the  arts.  They 
also  introduced  windows  of  glass  and 
other  ornaments.  Still  architecture 
does  not  seem  to  have  flourished 
much  for  several  centuries.  Many 
incidental  hints  in  our  ancient  his- 
torians prove  that  stone  buildings 
were  very  rare  in  the  eighth  and 
ninth   ages,    uud  that  when   such 


structures  were  erected,  they  were 
the  objects  of  much  admiration. 

Most  writers  who  mention  the  an- 
cient buildings  in  this  island,  parti- 
j  cularly  those  designed  for  religious 
1  purposes,  class  them  all,  notwith- 
standing the  striking  difference  in 
I  their  styles,  under  the  common  de- 
j  nomination  of  Gothic  ;   a  general 
|  appellation  given  by  them  to  build- 
ings   not    exactly   conformable    to 
some  one  of  the  five  orders  of  archi- 
tecture.    Modern  antiquaries  more 
accurately  divide  them  into  Saxon, 
Norman,    and   Saracenic,    or  that 
kind  vulgarly,  though  improperly, 
called  modern  Gothic. 

It  has  been  maintained  by  some, 
that  the  Saxon  churches,  after  they 
began  to  be  built  with  stone,  con- 
sisted only  of  upright  walls,  without 
pillars  or  arches,  of  the  construction 
of  which  they  are  alledged  to  haye 
been  entirely  ignorant.  Butthis  opi- 
nion is  not  only  contradicted  by  the 
testimony  of  several  cotemporary 
and  ancient  writers,  but  also  by  the 
remains  of  edifices  universally  ac- 
knowledged to  be  of  Saxon  work- 
manship. Besides,  as  it  appears 
from  undoubted  authorities,  that 
they  procured  workmen  from  the 
continent  to  construct  their  capital 
buildings  according  to  the  Roman 
manner,  this  alone  would  be  suffi- 
cient to  confute  such  an  opinion, 
and  at  the  same  time  proves  that 
what  we  commonly  call  Saxon,  is 
in  reality  Roman  architecture. 

This  was  the  style  of  building 
practised  all  over  Europe,  and  it 
continued  to  be  used  by  the  Nor- 
mans after  their  arrival  here,  till 
the  introduction  of  what  is  called 
the  modern  Gothic,  which  was  not 
till  about  the  end  of  the  reign  of 
Henry  II.  ;  so  that  there  seems  to  be 


•  m    «  i    rni    I'Tni    \  mi  run  :  i:  Ant«. 


31.1 


little  or  no  ground  foi  a  distinction 
between  the  Ss  son  and  Norman  ar- 
chitecturc.     The  nncienl   ; 
most  of  "in  i  •  of  this 

early   Norm  in   woi k,    •  1 1 « ■  ch 

c   marks  of  which   style  arc 
these  :     'I  be  walls  arc  rerj  i 
generally    without    buttresses;    (he 

es  both  w iiliin  and  without 
well  ;is  those  over  the  doors  and 
w  indows, semicircular, andsupport- 
ed  by  vcrv  solid,  or  rather  el 
columns,  with  a  kind  of  regular 
ind  capital  :  in  short,  plain- 
and  solidity  constitute  the 
striking  features  of  this  metho  1  ol 
building.  Nevertheless,  (he  archi- 
tects of  those  days  sometimes  de- 
viated from  this  rule:  theircapitals 
were  adorned  with  carvings  offoli- 

md  even  animals;  and  (heir mas- 
sive columns  were  decorated  with 
small  half  columns  united  to  (hem, 
and  their  surfaces  ornamented  with 
spirals,  square,  lozenge  n  1-work, 
and  other  figures,  either  engraved 
or  in  rrlir\  o. 

To  what  country  or  people  the 
modern  Gothic,  or  the  stj  le  of  build- 
ing with  pointed  arches. 
origin,  seems  by  no  means  satisfac- 
torily determined  ;  but  it  i*  more 
generally  conjectured  (o  be  of  Ara- 
bian extraction,  and  to  have  been 
introduced  into  Europe  by  some 
persons  returning  from  the  crusades 
in  the  Holy  Land.  The  marks 
which  constitute  the  character  of 
Gothic  or  Saracenic  architecture 
are,  its  numerous  and  prominent 
buttresses,  its  lofty  spires  ami  pin- 
nacles, its  large  and  ramified  win- 
dows, its  ornamental  niches  or  cano- 
pies, its  sc  ulptured  saints,  the  deli- 
cate lace-work  of  its  fretted  r 
and  the  profusion  of  ornaments   la- 


fished   indiscriminately    wrtt 
whole   building  :   but 
distinguishing    «  harm  (era 

nail  <  lost  >int- 

ed  arches  formed  by  the  - 
of  two  intersecting  cir<  Irs,  \> ! 

<  ridently  of  n 

ous  construction  than  the s< . 

lar  Of] 

The  /irsf  a[  ; 
in  England  was  to  i  <  f 

the  rei  m  ol  Hem  f  II.  pi  ?vi  ms  to 

which  the  art  had  begtlfl  ' 

rery    great*    improi  The 

twelfth  century  may  indeed  !><• 

ed  t!:  hitrrt/trc,   as  the 

for  building  was  then  more  vio- 
lent in  England  than   at  any  other 
time.     The  modern  Gothic  or  Sara« 
cenic    style    was    not    thoroughly 
adopted  at  om  •.  neither  did  if 
a  complete  footing  till  the  rei_ 
Henry  111.   Like  all  novelti 
once  admitted,  (I  shion 

d  it  to  become   - 
that  many  of  the  ancient  and 
buildings    erected    in    former 
were  taken  down,  in  order 
constructed  in  the  new  taste,  .>r  }iaj 
additions  patched  to  them  (^\  this 
mode  of  architecture.     The  present 

cathedral  chm 

begun  early  in  that  reign,  and  fin 

ed  in  the  year  I258.  it  is  entirely 
in  the  Saracenic  style. 
ing  to  Sir  Christopher  Wren,  may 
be  justly  accounted  one  of  the  best 
patterns  of  architecture  of  tfa  •  age  in 
which  it  was  built.  Its  excellence 
is  doubtless  owing,  ;,i 

sure,  to  its  being  constructed  on  one 
plan,  whence  arises  that  symmetry 

and  agreement   of  parts  no:  I 

met  with  in  many  of 

thedral  churches.,  whit  h  have  o 


34i 


HISTORY  OF  THE  USEFUL  AXD  FOLITE  ARTS. 


ly  been  built  at  different  times,  and 
in  a  great  variety  of  styles. 

From  this  time  t ill  the  reign  of 
Henry  VIII.  the  fashionable  pillars 
in  churches  were  of  Purbeck  marble, 
very  slender  ami  round,  encom- 
passed "with  marble  shafts  a  little 
detached,  having  each  a  capital 
adorned  with  foliage,  which  join- 
ing, formed  one  elegant  capital  for 
the  whole  pillar.  The  windows 
were  long  and  narrow,  with  pointed 
arches  and  painted  glass,  which  was 
introduced  about  that  time,  or  at 
least  became  more  common.  In  this 
century  also,  our  forefathers  began 
to  delight  in  lofty  steeples  with 
spires  and  pinnacles.  In  the  four- 
teenth century,  the  pillars  consisted 
of  an  assembage  of  shafts  united  so 
as  to  form  one  solid  and  elegant  co- 
lumn. The  windows,  especially 
those  at  the  east  and  west  ends,  were 
greatly  enlarged,  divided  into  seve- 
ral lights  by  stone  mullions,  running 
into  ramifications  above,  and  form- 
ing numerous  eompartments  in  vari- 
ous fanciful  shapes.  Those  win- 
dows, tilled  with  stained  glass  of 
the  most  lively  colours,  represent- 
ing kings,  saints,  and  martyrs,  and 
their  histories,  made  a  most  solemn 
and  magnificent  appearance. 

Let  us  now  turn  to  the  state  of 
civil  architecture  during  the  same 
period.  The  houses  of  the  common 
people  in  the  country,  and  of  the 
lower  burgesses  in  towns  and  cities, 
were  very  little  improved  in  their 
structure,  that  numerous  and  useful 
order  of  the  community  being  then 
exceedingly  depressed.  Even  in 
the  metropolis,  towards  the  end  of 
the  twelfth  century,  all  the  houses 
of  mechanics  and  common  burgesses 
vere  built  of  wood,  and   covered 


with  straw  or  reed  ;  but  the  palaces 
or  castles   of    the    Anglo-Norman 
kings,  barons,  and  prelates,  were 
very  different  from  the  residence  of 
persons   of  the   same  rank  in  the 
times  of  the  Saxons.    "  The  Anglo- 
Saxon  nobles,"    says   William   of 
Malmsbury,    "   squandered    away 
their  ample  revenues  in  low,  mean 
houses;  but  the  French  and  Nor- 
man barons  are  very  different  from 
them,  living  at  less  expence,  but  in 
great    and    magnificent    palaces." 
The  truth  is,  that  the  rage  for  build- 
ing fortified  castles  was  not  less  vio- 
lent among  the  Normans  than,  that 
of  building  churches.     To  this  they 
were   prompted,    not  only    by  the 
custom  of  their  native  country,  but 
also  by  their  dangerous  situation  in 
this  island.     Surrounded  by  multi- 
tudes whom  they  had  oppressed  and 
plundered,  and  by  whom  they  were 
consequently  abhorred,  they  could 
not  think  themselves  safe  without 
the  protection  of  deep  ditches  and 
strong  walls.     The  Conqueror  him- 
self was  sensible  that  the  want  of 
fortified    places    in    England   had 
greatly  contributed  to  his  success, 
and  might  facilitate  his  expulsion ; 
he  therefore  made  all  possible  haste 
to  remedy  this  defect,  by  building 
magnificent  and  strong  castles  in  all 
the  towns  within  the  royal  demesnes. 
William  Rufus  was  a  still  greater 
builder  than   his  father,   and  this 
spirit  for  erecting  great  and  strong 
castles    was  kept  up   by  the   dis- 
putes about  the  succession  in  the 
following    reigns.     But   this    rage 
never   prevailed   so   much    in  any 
period   of   English    history   as   in 
the    turbulent    reign    of   Stephen, 
during  which   no  fewer  than  1115 
castles  were  raised  from  the  foun- 


a   iki  una  01    phan<  v.. 


dation  in  the  short  spare  of  1 1 i i ■ « -  — 
teen  years. 

Towards  the  end  of  Hie  reign  <>i 

Henry  VII.  when  brick  building 
hi  came  common,  a  new  kind  of  low 

pointed  arch  grew  much  in  me.     h 

was  described  from  foil!  centres, 
was   very   round    at   the    haum  lies, 

and  the  angle  at  the  i<»i>  was  very 

obtuse,        from    this    lime,    d'olhie 

architecture  began  to  decline,  and 

was  soon  alterwar  Is  BOpplanted  by 
a  mixed  si  \  le,    in    which    the    (.ie- 

eian  and  Gothic,  however  dis- 
cordant fend  irreconcilable,  were 
jumbled  together. 

When  learning  and  everj  ipeciei 

of  science  began  to  revive  in  the 
15th  and  Kith  centuries,  (In-  chaste 
architecture  of  the  Greeks  mid  Ro- 
maiis  was  also  recalled  to  life.    The 

lirst  improvements  in  this  arl  com- 
menced in  Italy,  and  owed  their  ex- 
istence to  t  he  many  ruins  of  ancient 
Roman  structures  to  be  found  in 
thai  country,  from  which  a  superior 
style  of  building  was  gradually  dif- 


ln  <d  o\  er  (he  rest  <.|  I  lurope  : 
though  our  communication  with 
the  Italian  i  and  oui  Imitation  of 
Iheirmannei  .pi  dui     :        ■    ; 

mens  of  that  style  in    l.n    I  rid,  (  on- 
siderably    earlier    than    lli 

[nigo  Jones,    yet    ii    was   not   till 

then    that    the     Unman    01     I 

architecture    berr.iji    to   prevail   in 
this  country.      '1 'lie   Italians,  it   is 
(me,  retained  their  supei iorit  ■ 
architects    over  the    other    Euro- 
pean nation  |  ;    but  nius 
travelled  from  all  quai  tei    I  i  I 
where  (hey  had  an  opportunity  oi 
studying  the  originals  iron  which 
the  Italians  copied,  archit 
arose  in  other  nations  eqa  d,   it 
superior,  to  any  that  ev  t  appeared 
in  ltal\ .   The  names  of  [nigo  Jo 
Webb,   Wren,  M \  Ine,   and  i 
other  Englishmen  distinguished  for 
architectural  skill,  sufficiently 
the  accuracy  of  (Ids  assertion,  and 
prove  Britain  to  be  in  this  n  sp 
worthy  rival  of  the  native  countrj 

oflhe  arts. 


THE  DREADFUL  PICTURE  OF  FRANCE 

Presented  as  an  awful  ami  instructive  Warning  to  all  the 

World. 

Afteb  a  most  atrocious,  savage,    torture  and  agonise  into  death,  -     - 
and  Urnorant  revolution,   in  which     lions  of  liberal,  loyal,  and  innocent 

le,  whose  nature,   formed   by 
custom    and    education,    coulu 

d  their  abhorrence  of  such  r  - 
volntionary  horrors  and  loss  of  all 
social  s\  stem. 

tidal  rights  have  been  refill  used 
inlo    the    moat    barbarous    mil 
conscriptions  ;  and  the  faim'Ts  who 

were  obliged   to   make  their  own 
roads,  without  receiving  i 


all  the  principles  of  human  policy 
were  mistaken  and  violated,  France 
has  reformed  the  natural  and  liichi 
imperfections  inseparable  from  ci\  il 
society,  into  the  most  flagitious  and 
infernal  evils,  producing  the  total 
loss  of  the  social  state.  The 
bastile  of  Paris,  thai  contained  but 
five  atrocious  culprits,  has  bei  . 
reformed    by   a    thousand    bastiles, 


over    all    the    departments,      with      (lie  public,  at   a  distance  ol   - 
dungeons  ingeniously  constructed  t<  b  from  their  homes,   are  now- 


346 


A    riCTURE    OF    FRANCE. 


manacled,  like  African  slaves,  with 
tlicir  sons,  and  driven  into  the  fro- 
zen regions  of  the  north  or  burning 
deserts  of  the  south,  to  conquer 
through  the  sufferings  of  famine, 
tlir*  diseases  of  unnatural  climates, 
wounds,  and  mutilated  bodies,  an 
empire  for  some  ruflian  chief,  select- 
ed from  the  gallifs  for  his  unprin- 
cipled ferocity,  which  suited  the 
vaunted  revolutionary  purpose  of 
denaturalizing  social  man  into  a 
selfish  brute. 

Such  a  monstrous  revolution  has  j 
produced  a  more  horrid  monster  of  j 
government  of  its  own  species.     A 
madman,  with  the  scorpion  sceptre  j 
of  terror,  has  consternated  and  bound 
up  the  thoughtless,    selfish,   tiger-  | 
monkey  race  of  people  in  chains  of 
adamant,    and    with  the  dreadful 
engine  of  military  expediency,  sub- 
stituted for  law,  he  goads  them  on  to 
extend  with  their  arms  over  all  the 
world,  the  very  domain  which  they 
curse  in  their  hearts,  wishing  for  a 
defeat  from  the  panic-struck,  stupid 
foes,  whom  they  cheat  out  of  con- 
quest with  feigned  assault,  impelled 
by   terror,   which    Bonaparte  calls 
his  secret  of  victory,  and  all  history 
has  denounced  as  a  Gallic  trick. 

The  monstrous  government  of 
Trance,  though  veiled  with  spe- 
cious forms  of  law  and  institution, 

7    j 

is  the  most  barbarous  state  of  mili- 
tary force  that  ever  disgraced  the 
annals,  degraded   the   dignity,    or  : 
disorganized  the  energies  of  human 

to 

society,  far  more  dreadful  than  the  j 
independency  of  savage  life,  or  even 
brute  instinct :  because  in  such  a 
state,  every  person  stands  on  a  foot- 
ing of  equality,  and  is  assaulted  or 
defended  by  individual  efforts  ; 
while  under  French  military  bar- 
barism, every  individual  is  exposed 


to  the  unequal  assault  of  prostituted 
public  power  through  personal  pa- 
tronage, which  makes  society  a 
monster  devouring  its  own  children, 
whose  dissolution  into  a  savage  or 
brutal  state  of  instinct,  would  be  a 
real  reform,  to  prevent  the  total  de- 
population and  agonizing  life  of  the 
wretched  inhabitants  of  France,  and 
its  imminent  extension  over  all  the 
world. 

Under  (lie  present  unnatural,  un- 
social, and  revolutionary  barbarism, 
called  government  in  France,  there 
can  exist  no  safety  but  in  the  capri- 
cious and  momentary  protection  of 
patronage  purchased  at  an  enor- 
mous sacrifice  of  property  and  great 
risk  of  future  safety  ;  for  the  vicis- 
situdes of  power  are  so  frequent,  that 
both  the  patron  and  client  are  often 
thrown  into  the  same  dungeon,  from 
which  the  victim  has  been  delivered 
by  the  power  of  a  rival  patron,  pre- 
paring and  expecting  the  same  alte- 
ration of  military  patronage  wield- 
ing the  prostituted  public  force. 

As  I  wish  to  tear  off  the  foil  of 
declamation  from  language,  and 
make  this  awful  admonition  an  ex- 
position of  facts,  I  will  relate  such 
horrors  of  patronage  as  have  come 
to  my  knowledge  through  an  Ame- 
rican traveller,  who  was  a  thought- 
less democrat,  disposed  to  favour 
the  contingent  policy  of  France, 
because  he  had  no  capacity  to  ra- 
tiocinate the  thousand  intermodifi- 
cations  of  good  and  evil  which  gra- 
duate and  constitute  the  social  sys- 
tem, in  which  coercion  and  liberty 
must  be  modified  by  the  intellect  of 
the  people. 

Ue  related  that,  travelling  in  a 
stage-coach,  the  passengers  were 
one  day  most  exorbitantly  over- 
charged ;  and  upon  refusing  pay- 


A   mri  in.   ii 


mini,  the  justice  of  peace  app 
(being  in  (In-  pa)  <>t  'he  innkee] 
baring   bimself  bought  the  office, 
with  an  annual  tribute  attached  <<» 
tlte  patronage,  and  ordered  (be  l»il! 
to  be  discharged  before  lie  would 
Miller  (In-  stage  f<>  depart.     Dur- , 
ing  the  dispute,  General  Berth ier 
alighted,  ordered  his  aid  dt  camp 

to    (din  (lie  justice   «'l    peace  mil  of 

(.lours,  (old  die  passengers  to  pay 

ik»  more  (lian   (heir   usual  fare,   and 

proceed  on  their  journey.  This  fact, 

UlOttgh  i(  does   credil    to  Uerthiei's 

liberality,  yet   it  was  precisely  an 
act  of  military  violence  that  could  ' 

have  been  transacled    in  no  country 

■where  civil  law   had  any  existence. 

I  heard  of  another  net,  Of  a  more 

decided  character  of  military  bar 
barism  and  futility  of  law  :  —A  cre- 
ditor met  hifl   debtor   in   the   Streets 

of  Paris,  and  demanded,  in  a  pe- 
remptory manner,  the  settlement  of 
his  account.  The  debtor  tied  tor 
refuge  into  the  house  of  a  public 
functionary,  who  sent  his  servants  | 
out  to  seize  the  creditor  and  con- 
duct him  to  a  dungeon,  where  he 
remained  ten  months  entombed,  and 
was  relieved  only  by  the  vicissi- 
tude of  despotism,  corruption,  and 
favouritism,  that  deprived  the  debt- 
or's patron  of  his  office. 

It  will  be  unnecessary  to  ^ive  II 
any  more,  or  even  ur^e  these  well-  : 
attested  t\ic\<,  to  prove  the  absence 
of  law,  and  the  reign  of  simple 
force  and  military  expediency, 
when  we  contemplate,  profoundly 
and  impartially,  the  nature  of  Bo- 
naparte'8  government,  whose  per- 
sonal fears  and  jealousies  of  his  own 
power  and  life,  participated  by  a 
million  of  subordinate  tyrants  in 
office,  with  many  millions  of  ad* 
juncU,  must  render  personal  alter- 


m  lm    public,    '  r    rven    pr 

justice,  In    hi  .  foi 

would   dare  to  risk   hi   I U  I  j 
country    a  h«  i  h .: 

traveh  everj  month  ovei  the  i "  e 
oi  die  proi  mie.  to  eiiti>n,i>  ah,  e  in 
dungeons  the  clamorous  rtctims  of 
public  oppression,  <<r  the  i 
ments  of  private  rillany,  armed 
witb  the  venal  prostitution  of  public 

force  ? 

Such  is  the  deplorable  stnfr  of 
social  misery  with  which  the  infer- 
nal reformers  of  France  threaten  to 

deluge   and   destroy    the    world,   by 

retrograding  man  far  below  the 
mis  of  savage  history,  down  to  the 

base  binds  of  brut.d  and  selfish  in- 
stinct ;  by  removing  (or,  in  their 
language,  reforming)  the  pyramid 

Of  social  power  from  its  natural  bfttsl 

of  custom,  law,  and  education,  and 
inverting  it  on  the  point  of  arbi- 
trary will,  unprecedented  among 
demi-civilized  ami  savage  nations, 
which  must  ince  sandy  fall  on  the 
shock  of  rival  chiefs,  whose  dy- 
nasty can  have  do  respect  or  per- 
manence, and  tlr.is  overwhelm  the 
woiid  in  an  endless  alternation  of 
anarchy  and  despotism,  causing  in- 
calculable misery  and  d 
over  the  whole  surface  ot  I 

Englishmen  and  Americans  !  to 
whom  this  admonition  is  m  tst  pe- 
culiarly and  impressively  address- 
ed, concentrate  all  the  energies  of 
thought  and  sympathy  (which  cha- 
racterize you  so  pre-eminently  over 
all  other  nations)  into  the  essential 
intellect  of  sense,  which  forms  that 

wide  comparing   standard  of  jjood 

ami  evil,  which  will  enable  you  to 
estimate  your  invaluable  pre-emi- 
nence of  social  policy,  hovverer 
charged  with  imperfections  and 
grievances,  in  contrast  with  tiie  de- 


34S 


A    PICTURE    OF    TRANCE. 


plorablc  condition  of  barbarous 
France  and  its  brutalized  subjects  ; 
and  contemplate  the  ferocious  threats 

of  a  tyrant,  who,  in  the  language 
of  a  demon,  has  declared  to  his 
army  that  he  will  take  five  hundred 
years  vengeance  on  the  British 
people  (in  which  he  no  doubt  in- 
cludes their  colonial  offspring),  for 
their  old  and  inevitable  warfare 
against  France;  the  unhappy  lot  of 
all  human  policy,  and  totally  un- 
connected with  resentment,  till  the 
imperial  savage  denounced  it,  to 
prove  himself  a  monster,  and  make 
declamation  too  feeble  to  express 
the  real  horrors  of  his  power,  me- 
nacing the  most  incalculable  misery 
to  the  whole  human  species,  in 
time  and  futurity. 

Notwithstanding  these  atrocious 
facts,  there  have  been  found  legis- 
lators weak  enough,  and  authors 
wicked  enough,  to  apologize  for  the 
French  government,  and  to  conci- 
liate the  British  people  tosubjection, 
by  telling  them  that  Bonaparte  could 
not  carry  away  their  land,  or  un- 
nerve the  arms  of  the  peasantry  ;  and 
that  while  a  clerk  was  allowed  to 
peculate  the  candle  ends  of  his  office, 
while  pensions  were  granted  to  un- 
merited services,  or  taxes  increased, 
Englishmen  had  no  country  worth 
preservation. 

In  answer  to  such  perfidious  and 
base  suggestions,  let  Englishmen 
and  their  descendants  contemplate 
their  peculiar  moral  temperament, 
formed  by  thought  and  sympathy 
into  a  bar  of  steel,  that  cannot  bend 
like  the  leaden  temperament  of  fo- 
reign slaves,  but  must  be  broken 
before  tyranny  can  subdue  it;  and 
no  conquest  can  be  maintained  in 
England  or  America,  till  the  inha- 
bitants shall  be  transported  or  extir- 


pated ;  for  an  English  mob,  in  in- 
surrection, would  break  in  upon  and 
destroy,  in  their  spirit  of  comrade- 
ship or  sympathy,  any  foreign  selfish 
troops  that  should  dare  to  leave  the 
walls  of  a  fortress,  and  expose  them- 
selves to  the  sympathetic  assault  of 
a  peasantry  determined  on  death  or 
liberty. 

Let  not  the  fools  of  technical  in- 
tellect, in  their  speeches  and  news- 
papers, deceive  you  with  their  vul- 
gar cant  of  liberty  and  equality, 
telling  you  that  the  triumph  of  the 
monster  is  owing  to  the  corruption 
and  tyranny  of  regular  government. 
These  wiseacres  involve  themselves 
in  endless  contradictions  ;  for  they 
assert  corruption  and  tyranny  to  be 
at  the  same  time  both  the  cause  of  de- 
feat and  conquest,  since  the  triumph- 
ant power  of  France  is  an  unprece- 
dented system  of  the  most  outrage- 
ous and  unheard  of  corruption  and 
despotism,  in  which  the  licentious 
venality  of  office  sells  openly  its  in- 
dispensible  patronage  of  liberty, 
property,  and  life,  to  every  sub- 
ject, from  the  prefect  to  the  peasant. 

No,  Englishmen  !  the  true  cause 
of  conquest  is  the  unprincipled 
cruelty  of  a  mad  chief,  and  the 
folly  of  a  tyger-monkey  race  of  peo- 
ple, who  suffer  themselves  to  be 
drawn  by  terror  into  an  insane,  but 
braggart  heroism,  to  extend  the  loss 
of  the  social  state  in  France  over 
all  the  world,  by  armed  hosts  of  con- 
script children,  with  the  stale  trick 
of  French  feigned  assault,  impelled 
by  terror,  so  notorious  in  ancient 
and  modern  history,  and  so  evident- 
ly detected  by  the  British  bayonets. 
These  tremendous  efforts  of  French 
insanity  and  terror  call  the  surround- 
ing nations  to  exertions  and  sacri- 
fices far  beyond  the  moderate  ener- 


A     Ml    I  I    It  I.     .,1      t 


oftheii  jovei  nments  to  enforce  : 
and  the  people  finding  them  elvi 
masters,  \\  ill  ev<  iv  w  here  n  I 
against  theirow  n  weak  governments, 
and  submit  to  French  conquest ;  and 
their  disloyal  pi  i  fid v  and  folly  will 
be  rewarded  by  military  conscrip- 
tions  for  t In*  frozen  (I.  n  is  (.1  i  i 
1,11  \ ,  or  the  burning  Bands  <>f  India, 
to  exalt  to  the  Mogul  throne  some  re- 
volutionary French  ruffian,  n  h<»  has 
been  selected  from  the  gallics  in 
France,  where  the  standard  of  hu- 
man excellence  has,  like  e\  ery  thing 
eke,  been  reformed  from  virtue  and 
w  isdom,  into  folly  without  thought, 
\  illany  w  ithoul  principle,  and  brutal 
selfishness  roid  of  all  human  sym- 
pathy. 

The  continent  of  Europe  sinking 
under  the  dominion  <>f  France,  re- 
semblesa  first-rate  ship  of  war  go- 
ing down  in  a  harbour;  it  engulphs 
in  its  vortex  tlif  surrounding  vessels, 
which  no  seamanship  can  save,  ex- 
emplified in  the  vain  and  confused 
efforts  of  the  conquered  nations, 
■which  facilitated  their  destruction. 

Englishmen!  you  alone  of  all  na- 
tions possess,  in  your  moral  tempe- 
rament of  sympathy,  the  certain  re- 
medy for  this  menacing  catastrophe; 
you  have  a  capacity  in  your  nature 
to  form  a  fascis  of  moral  and  phy- 
sical force,  and  break  in  pieces  the 
insulated  twigs  of  French  allies  or 
subjects.  I  will  not  conceal  from 
you  my  alarms  at  the  present  lament- 
able state  of  all  (lasses  of  the  people, 
depraved  by  luxury,  corruption, 
frivolous  literature,  anil  thought- 
lessness, which  1  fear  will  produce 
SUdden changes  of  government,  ter- 
minating in  civil  war  in  both  Eng- 
land and  America;  and  notwith- 
standing   these   dreadful  disasters. 

No.  VI.   Vol.  I. 


von r comparative  nee 

and  |  ]  e  OVei 

mankind,  \\ ill    till  '''«•  do- 

minion of  the"  <•(  •  ii.  to  maintain  the 
'.ite  of  practu  .il  i  h  ilia- 
lion  in  transi  I 
condu<  t  it  through  the  pi 
intellectual  in               at  to  fh< 
fectibility  of  manhoo  I  ;    to  < 
which  momentous  obje<  t,  you  have 

only    to    ing<  I  ibe   OB   your  mil 
banners,  by  sea  and  Ian  I,  Ill 
■  of  \  U  tol 

I  or  ward,  an  I  <  lose  w  ith 
my  !   Juliu . '  '•  esai .  M  and 

the  Marshal  Saxe,  have  all  de- 
clared, v.  w  ith  the 
French,  must  conqnei . 

1  will  expose  to  the  world  those 
principles  which  guide  the  under* 
standing  and  the  will  of  the  man 
who  addresses  this  last  awful  and 
momentous  admonition  to  the  whole 
human  species. 

My  head  and  my  heart  ha 
expanded,  by  the  consummate  ex- 
perience of  universal  travels, 

Biple  comprehension  of  sense, 
or  wide  comparisons  of  reason,  t  » 
estimate,  in  the  pure  medium  of 
nature,  the  true  practice  and  thi 
of  human  interests,  iu  time  and  fu- 
turity. Such  momentous  specula- 
tion has  revealed  to  me  the  great 
science  of  animal  chemistry,  which 
teaches  that  the  indestructible  atoms 
of  matter  which  constitute  the  uni- 

versal  essence  of  nature,  are  in. 

sautly  circulating  from  a   personal 
|  mode  of  agency,   into   a  whole  sys- 
tem of  patiency,  both  in  lift  and 
I  death,  through  all  sensitive  being) 

which  causes  a  million  fold  retiibu- 
tion  of  good  and  evil  to  matter,  botli 
in  time  and  futurity,   ; 
the  mode  oi  human  agency. 
3  A 


350 


A    PICTURE    OF    FRANCE. 


discovery  of  the  real  constitution  of 
nature  elevates  my  mind  above  all 
considerations  of  personal  and  mo- 
mentary good.  I  have  no  kindred, 
no  property,  and  no  country  ;  my 
integral  interest,  as  an  eternal,  ma- 
terial, constituent  part  of  nature,  in 
all  times  and  all  systems,  impels  and 
directs  me  to  the  augmentation  of 
good,  and  the  diminution  of  evil, 
throughout  the  sensitive  system,  as 
the  only  true  worship  of  nature  : 
and  from  this  sacred  predicament 
of  universal  and  consummate  man- 
hood, I  invoke  the  civilized  nations 
of  the  Continent  to  compare,  with 
the  reasoning  powers  of  sense,  not 
the  technical  intellect  of  science, 
the  tolerable  evils  and  mild  despot- 
ism of  regular  governments,  which, 
in  comparison  with  the  revolution- 
ary horrors  of  France,  makes  the 
worst  condition  of  continental  states 
the  most  blissful  freedom. 

I  conjure  the  demi-civilized  states 
of  Asia  to  contemplate,  in  the  com- 
parisons of  sense,  the  awful  predica- 
mentto  which  French  conquest  would 
reduce  them.  Instead  of  a  despot- 
ism limited  by  custom,  by  laws, 
and  by  superstition,  the  French  sys- 
tem of  personal  patronage  would 
let  loose  the  demon  of  revenue  which 
prevails  in  the  Asiatic  temperament, 
and  the  whole  population  would  be 
destroyed  by  the  prostitution  of 
protecting  power  to  execute  indivi- 
dual resentment  ;  and  the  menace 
of  such  an  awful  catastrophe  makes 
your  present  cruel  and  unprincipled 
despotism  a  blissful  evil,  in  the  com- 
prehensive comparison  of  sense  with 
the  revolutionary  horrors  of  France. 

Englishmen  and  Americans !  1 
conjure  you  to  attend  to  the  fore- 
going comparisons,  which,  proving 


the  savage  state  of  Asia  to  be  bliss, 
in  comparison  with  that  of  France, 
dispenses  with  all  appeal  to  yonr 
pre-eminent  state  of  exalted  free- 
dom and  progressive  perfectibility. 
But  let  not  this  joyful  consolation 
discourage,  but  rather  animate,  the 
people  in  their  resistance  to  corrup- 
tion, through  the  correction  of  vice, 
and  not  change  of  constitution  or 
government. 

The  British  yeomanry  are  the 
supreme  arbitrators  of  the  consti- 
tuted powers:  if  they  are  wise  and 
virtuous,  the  state  can  never  be  in 
danger ;  and  whenever  they  become 
corrupt,  any  extension  of  the  po- 
pular branch  of  government  to  com- 
prehend a  larger  proportion  of  the 
yeomany  in  the  constituted  autho- 
rities, would  diminish  the  liberty, 
virtue,  and  safety  of  the  country, 
by  diminishing  the  supreme  power 
of  the  unconstituted  sovereignty  of 
the  people  in  their  county  ad- 
dresses. 

The  yeomanry,  through  county 
meetings  and  remonstrances,  in- 
duced the  government  to  make 
the  peace  of  America,  and  it  was 
made  ;  to  reject  the  treachery  of 
Mr.  Fox's  India  bill  of  parliamen- 
tary patronage,  which  Avould  have 
destroyed  the  constitution,  and  it 
Avas  rejected  ;  to  turn  out  the  last 
administration,  for  daring  to  op- 
pose the  religious  prejudices  of  the 
people  ;  and  should  the  union  with 
Ireland  contaminate  with  its  poli- 
tical profligacy  the  patriot  dignity 
and  virtuous  severity  of  English 
administration,  as  it  appears  in  some 
recent  and  serious  cases  to  have 
done,  I  have  no  doubt  the  yeoman- 
ry of  England  have  still  virtue 
enough  to  correct  it :    but  should, 


OBSERVATIONS    on     PAINTING     \  s  u    OB  A* 


thry  not.  Id  evei  \  pati  i«>t  Hi  iton 
uphold  the  old  practical  constitu- 
lion  w ithout  ;ni\  i  hange,  u hile they 
lament  the  v  ice  and  foil?  of  the 
people,  \\  !i<>^--  energies,  lil%--  thai  of 
a  tree  rotten  in  the  rote,  maj  sti 


study  of  nan  and  nature,    a  bi<  li 
form  the  only  medium  of 
form    mid    irresistible    perfei  tibili- 
i  \ ,  in  (he  improvement  of  the  un- 

in  the  film  iiiun  ;i/kI 
instruction    <>i    s.-n..,-    superseding 


fructify,    even  in  decay,    through    science;  forinthepro 

the  liberty  of  the  press,  those  mo*    mankind  will  and  must  become 

mentous  ideas  of  moral  truth  in  the    and  free. 

II       Mo. 


OBSERVATIONS  oh  PAINTING  mo  DRAWING.— Br  Ji  in 
(Continuation  of  Letter  II.  from  p.  '21').) 

ply  toevery  other  object,  and  make 


i  •  i    ,  i 

u  M  \k r  the  hair  in  scrolls  like 

ornaments,  and  as  from  a   center, 

and  make  the  locks  run  after  each 

other    in     harmonious    lines    like 

snakes  ;   am!  all  your  other  obj 

such  as  drapery,  should  be  ma- 
naged like  (lie  flourishes  of  a  writing 
master,  well  filled,  various,  and  har- 
monious,— ami  the  largest  parts  to- 
wards the  bottom,  which  gives 
lightness,  like  the  group  of  the  Lao- 
coon,  by  Apollodorus,  Athenodorus, 
and  Agesander  of  Rhodes  :  though 
another  rule  is,  you  should  hide 
the  art, 

"  All  is  art,  but  yet  all  artless  MOM.* 

Be  very  careful  of  the  little  angles 


artists  about   the  lize  of  the  urr 

pari  of  oui  portrait-painters,  ra 
ture-painters,  and  our  best  engrav- 
ers, to  preserve  grace,  simplicity, 

perspective  in  laying  the  strokes, 
discrimination,   the  tone  an  1 
cision,  equality  or  solidity,    is  sJ|  > 
the  gradations  both  general  and  par- 
ticular. 

It  should  also  be  observed,  to  fa- 
cilitate the  attainment  of  drawing 
figures  correctly,  that  regard  should 
be  had  to  the  proportions,  which 
are  known  to  almost  every  artist  ; 
BUCfa    as   the    hip    over  the   foot  on 

which  the  figure  stands  should  be 

higher  than  the  other,  and  also  the 


on  your  outline,  and  the  gradations  alterations  in  different  attitude.. 

of  light  and  shallow,  both  general  The  shoulder  is  then  lowest  on  that 

and  particular.     I  hail  almost  for-  side — The  inside  ofthe  knee  is  lower 

gotten  to  observe,  keep  your  black  than  the  other — The  inner   belly  of 

chalk  from  your  white  chalk,  and  the  gastrocntmensj  or  call'  of  the 

preserve  your  half  tin!,  or  paper,  leg,  is  larger  and  lower  down  than 

as  much    as    possible.      You   may  the   other.     On   the  contrary,    the 

brighten   your   figure  as   much  as  inner  aucle  is  higher  and  forwarder 

you  cliuse  by  precision;  and  if  you  than  the  outer — The  shoulder  is 

would  give  a  very  bright  or  sunny  highest  on  that  side  to  which  the 

look,    the    reflections    or   shadows  head   turns — All    graceful    figures 

from  objects  strongly  marked,  will  stand  on  one  leg,  and  old  or  decre- 

mucli    contribute   to   this   effect."  pid  figures  on  both. 

These  rules,  which  any  one  may  These  trifles  are  so  common-place 
soon  understand  and  execute,  ap-  ,  that   they   are  scarcely    worth 

9  IS 


352 


OBSERVATION'S  OX  PaINTINO  AND  DRAWING 


time  of  writing  ;  many  others  arc  to 

be  found  in  l)u  Fresnoy's  book, 
where  there  is  a  correct  account  of 
them,  and  in  many  other  works: 
every  artist  must  be  acquainted  \\  ith 
them. 

The  student  at  the  academy  is 
also  much  improved  by  Albinus's 
and  Winslow's  works  on  anatomy. 
Cheseldcn's  book,  particularly  his 
largest;  Santolini,  the  Italian,  on  the 
muscles  of  the  face,  and  the  work 
by  Camper,  late  of  the  Hague,  are 
worth  inspection;  also  Douglas  and 
Monro's  book  on  the  bones,  and 
Brookes's  late  works.  Many  artists 
begin  with  Tinney's  small  pam- 
phlet ;  this  is  so  called  from  John 
Tinney,  a  printseller,  formerly  of 
Fleet-street,  who  first  got  the  gene- 
ral account  put  together.  This  man, 
though  he  had  but  little  merit  him- 
self as  an  engraver,  was  the  master 
of  Anthony  Walker,  W.  Woollett, 
and  James  Brown,  the  engravers. — 
But  to  return  from  this  bother. 

Mr.  A.  having  attended  to  these 
rules  and  practised  them  for  some 
lime,  towards  the  end  of  the  year, 
when  the  medals  are  to  be  given, 
having  contrived  to  select  a  striking 
attitude,  that  shewed  the  best  parts 
of  the  figure,  and  admitted  of  a 
breadth  of  light  and  shade,  and  a 
striking  harmony  of  lines,  made  the 
dncu  ing  not  quite  so  free  as  some  he 
had  previously  done,  because  there 
is  a  tear  of  failing  when  a  prize  is 
anticipated,  and  also  from  the  cir- 
cumstance of  being  surrounded  by 
rivals. 

The  night  of  decision  arriving — 
the  work  arranged  round  the  ex- 
hibition-room— (heroom  illuminated 
— the  royal  academicians  seated — 
the  Right  II onou rahles — the  Hb- 
nourables-—m&  Caleb  Whitefoord 


and  some  other  connoisse?trs  with 
(heir  spectacles  on,  and  the  common- 
alty having  taken  their  places — the 
candidates  half  scared — silence  pro- 
claimed three  times  by  the  secretary 

— Mr.  W mounts  the  seat   of 

judgment,  smiles  and  bows — as  this 
gentleman  knows  how  to  look  sen- 
sible— He  then  presses  his  lips  toge- 
ther, and  knits  his  brows  a  little — 
opens  the  book  of  fate,  which  is  sur- 
rounded by  the  glittering  toys,  me- 
dals in  gold  and  silver — the  shagreen 
case  opens — sugar-plumbs  to  make 
students  diligent — the  king's  head 
on  one  side,  and  the  Torso  on  the 
other,  on  which  is  written,  <(  Slu- 
dy — All  is  silent. 

"  Gentlemen, — The  Royal Acade- 
micians have  this  year  thought  it 
just  to  adjudge  the  pri/f  s  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner  : — The  gold  medal 
for  the  best  painting,  the  subject 
of  which  is  taken  from  Homer's 
Iliad,  is  adjudged  to  the  letter  E. 
and  is  the  work  of  Mr.  O." 

The  secretary  vociferates,  M  Mr. 
O." — Mr.  O.  ready  to  jump  out  of 
his  skin,  is  seized  with  a  sensation  as 
if  he  was  half  drunk  with  brandy — 
immediately  rises — advances — bows 
— and  receives  the  glittering  prize 
— ditto  for  sculpture — ditto  for  ar- 
chitecture. "  The  first  silver  medal 
for  the  best  drawing  of  an  academy 
figure,  is  adjudged  to  the  letter  II. 
and  is  the  work  of  Mr.  A." 

Many  artists  advanced  like  Mr. 
A.  :  of  these  there  are  great  num- 
bers, many  of  whom,  having  never 
raised  their  views  to  general,  ideal, 
or  poetic  nature,  after  this,  make 
but  little  progress  ;  for  whatever 
higher  rules  may  be  taught  at  the 
academy,  if  the  mind  of  the  stu- 
dent is  not  congenial  with  these  more 
extensive  attainments,  they  take  no 


OBSERVATION      ON    PAINTING    AH  i.e. 


roof.     Persona  of  thii  description 

keep  lo  indi\  idual  nature  ;  and 
though  ii')  higher  Ihan  a  bout  <•  in 
comparison,  yet  think  they  arc  al- 
most as  high  ;is  the  moon,  be 
so  il  seems  (o  them  :  they  an-  not 
sensible  thai  they  h;i\e.    as    il  were, 

got  hito  an  alley  through  which 
there  is  no  thoroughfare  to  what 
is  eminently  meritorious.  Many 
of  these  think  Hie  excellence  of  ail 
lies  in  laborious  high  finishing,  ;is 
.-i  celebrated  w riter  obi  ■•  be- 

cause  they  have  heads,  they  fancj 
they  can  think."   A  chss  of  artists, 

whole  Works  Stand  higher  in   merit 

than  these,  are  those  who  are   more 

ieleci  in  their  <  hoice  of  nature,  ami 
who  procure  the  prints  (the  relics 
of  antiquity)  of  Michael  Angelo, 
Julio  Romano,  Corregio,  Parrae- 
giano,  and  other  eminent  designers, 
ami  from  these  copy  turns,  general 
structures,  the  air  of  heads,  the  roll 
or  dishevelment  of  the  hair,  large 
masses  of  drapery,  ami  sometimes 
whole  (inures,  with  so  little  dis- 
guise, that  their  barefaced  plagi- 
arisms  are  often  detected  by  other 
thieves  that  arc  upon  the  same 
look-out. 

A  more  refined  sort  of  these  art- 
ista  arrive  to  a  much  greater  height, 
by  extending  the  plan.  It  is  to  he ' 
observed,  that  much  of  this,  pro-  | 
perly  restrained,  is  the  true  method 
of  study.  A  great  authority  (Rey- 
nolds) says,  that  an  artist  is  en- 
titled, as  it  were,  to  the  benefit  of 
the  Spartan  law.  It  was  not  theft 
that  the  ancient  Greeks  punished, 
but  the  want  of  skill  in  concealing  it. 
These  artists  practise  what  is  done 
by  the  second  class,  but  w  iih  greater 
art  :  they  understand  that  many  oi 
the  greatest  works  are  constructed 
on  great  general  plans  ;  harmom  of 


length   ol    lines,    ami  other 

mm  hin.  i  \ ,  u  huh  form   a  tot  ility 
•  H  a  hole  '->!    'f  i '  "i  n!'  .il  mi  'lo-. 
i  i.i  h.  amj  bis.  pa- 
rod}  ,&c.  ■  the)  cop}  from , 

which   the}  often   put   iii  the 
positions  as  I  hoae   fi  mi      done  by 

Mil  take 
oi  her  \  iews  <ii  the  figure,  w  bicfa  are 
sometimes  as  gnu  etui  as  that  . 
n  ill v  formed. 

In  old  perishing  oh  i  ur<  pictures 

of  merit,    tiny    take  :  1 1  it  III*  i  lies  ; 

ropy  w  hole  figures  :  and  if  i  coun- 
try girl  or  pi  or  an}  other 
character,  chance  to  have  the  air 
or  grace  of  Juno,  Venui .  Min 
I  lebe,  <>r  any  other  figure  (though 
not  intended  by  the  painter  who 
performed  the  work)  that  requires 
majesty,  beauty,  simplicity,  va- 
riety, \c.  they  make  sketches  of 
such  figures,  and  lay  them  up  tor 
some  future  occasion.  The} 
when  it    is   almost  dark,   when  they 

can  only  see  tin"  general  colour-, 
masses  of  light  and  shadow,  and 
dab  in  structures  and  effects,  which 

they   also    lay    by    lor    future    pic- 
tures :   all  this  applies  to  every  de- 
partment of  art.     It   may   happen 
that  men  of  this  third  class  have  not 
better,   or  perhaps  not  such   good, 
dispositions  or  abilities  tor  the  arts, 
;is    those  of   the    lowest    order — the 
good  copiers  of  individual  nature  , 
but  they  have  fallen  by  accident  on 
a  more    lucky,    or,    rather,    better 
mode  of  study.    These  painters 
tike  !ii"  j    .    mis  in  a  story   rel 
by    Dr.    Walcot  (alias   Peter  Pin- 
dar). Thestorj  is  this: — Two  men, 
for  some  faults  they  had  committed, 
w.  re  '  rdt  red  by  a  catholic  priest, 
by    way    of  penance,     to    w;ilk    to 
Koine  and  back  again  to  a  vi 
at  some  distance,  with  peas  in  their 


351 


ON    THEATRICAL    AR(  IIITCC  TCRE    AND    TASTE. 


shoes.  They  set  off  at  the  same 
time  :  the  strongest  of  the  two, 
when  he  had  got  halfway,  was  so 
wounded  in  the  feet,  that  he  couhl 
scarcely  walk.  While  thus  labour- 
ing, he  met  the  other,  like  a  young 
buck,  fresh  and  hearty,  returning 
home.     He  requested  to  know,  as 


he  passed,  how  he  had  contrived  to 
get  on  w  ith  such  ease  and  rapidity  ; 
that  to  him,  who  was  so  tormented, 
it  appeared  wonderful.  He,  with 
a  grin,  answered,  "  I  boiled  my 
peas." 

Juninus. 


ON  THEATRICAL  ARCHITECTURE  AND  TASTE. 
TO  THE  EDITOR. 


It  has  long  been  a  subject  of  re- 
gret to  the  admirers  of  architectural 
taste,   that  the  magnificent  build- 
ings with  which  the  metropolis  of 
the  British  empire  abounds,  should 
be  either  deformed  by  excrescences, 
like  wens  or  warts  on  the  face  of  a 
beautiful  female,  or  concealed  from 
observation  by  manufactories  or  mi- 
serable   dwellings.     For   instance, 
what  strange  deformity  is  exhibited 
in  that  otherwise  elegant  structure, 
the  East  India-house,  in  Leadenhall- 
street,  by  the  little  paltry  building 
annexed  to  the  western  angle  of  its 
northern  front.  Classic  taste  and  ele- 
gance seem  in  this  case,  as  well  as 
many  others,  to  have  given  place  to 
convenience  :   but  it  is  unnecessary 
at  present  to  enumerate  any  other 
instances,    as  they  must   be  suffi- 
ciently obvious   to  any  person   of 
common  observation. 

After  the  destruction  of  London 
by  fire  in  166G,  the  genius  of  Sir 
Christopher  Wren  suggested  the 
idea  of  improvement  in  the  plan  of 
rebuilding  it,  which  would  have 
rendered  this  city  and  its  environs 
as  superior  in  architectural  beauty 
and  convenience  to  any  other  in  the 
world,  as  it  is  in  opulence,  extent, 
and  population  :  but  Sir  Christo- 
pher's suggestion  was  overruled  by 


the  interested  policy,  or  the  bad 
taste,  of  our  ancestors*. 

These  ideas  have  resulted  from 
the  late  theatrical  conflagrations. 
Public  buildings  in  general,  but 
most  particularly  theatres,  ought  to 
be  insulated  :  neither  of  the  late 
winter  theatres  were  so.  The  situa- 
tion of  both  was  also  inconvenient 
for  the  public  ;  the  streets  and  ave- 
nues to  them  disgusting  and  in- 
commodious, and  their  titles  inap- 
propriate. 

It  occurred  to  the  author  of  these 
remarks,  soon  after  the  conflagration 
of  the  late  Covent-garden  theatre, 
that  the  ingress    and  egress  to   a 


*  The  conduct  of  the  citizens  of  Lon- 
don at  that  time,  bears  some  analogy  to 
that  of  their  more  enlightened  descend- 
ants at  present,  respecting  the  intended 
Strand  and  Vauxhall  bridges.  They  op- 
pose their  formation  : — why  ?  Because, 
say  they,  the  navigation  of  the  river 
Thames  would  be  impeded.  This,  how- 
ever, they  cannot  prove,  with  all  the 
science  they  possess.  But  the  real  cause 
will  turn  out  to  be  this:  that  some  of 
the  citizens  may  lose  the  sale  of  a  yard 
of  tape  or  an  ice-cream,  in  consequence 
of  some  few  persons  preferring  the  new 
bridges  to  the  old  ones,  and  thus  avoid- 
ing the  dirty  streets  of  the  city. 


ON    THEATRICAL    a  i:  <  n  I  i  i  '   :  '   i:  l     ami    r  \  -  i  I  . 


theatre  would  be  most  commodious, 
if  built  in  the  center  of  a  large 
square,  with  wide  coach  avenues  to 
it,  <»ii  each  lide  ;  Rod  thai  the  taste 
of  an  architect  might  be  displayed 
with  the  happiest  effect  in  mch  s 
situation!  Now,  the  square  in 
which  Covcnt-gardcn  market  is  ;ii 
present  held)  affords  every  advan- 
tage that  could  be  desired  to  an- 
swer these  purposes.  An  elliptical 
theatre,  with  a  dome  roof,  erected 
in  the  center  of  this  eligible  place, 
would  exhibit  a  magnificent  ap- 
pearance in  every  direction,  espe- 
cially ifa  bridge  be  thrown  over  the 
Thames  from  the  bottom  of  South- 
ampton street. 

If  it  is  intended  to  rebuild  the 
late  Drury-lane  theatre,  this  plan 

may  still  he  carried   into   effect:  — 

the  vegetable-market,  whichat  pre- 
sent is  a  nuisance  to  the  respectable 
inhabitants,   might  be  removed  to 

the  site  of  the  late  theatre.      Jt  may 

be  objected,  that  this  place  is  not 
sufficiently  capacious  ;  but  if  if 
should  not  be,  .1  colonnade  surround- 
ing the  theatre,  with  shops  for  fruit- 
erers, might  be  built  in  such  a 
maimer  as  to  contribute  to  promote 
the  convenience,  and  increase  the 
elegance  of  the  principal  structure. 
The  grand  obstacle  to  architec- 
tural improvements  in  this  metro- 
polis, is  the  collision  of  interests 
arising  from  the  division  of  pro- 
perty, and  the  consequent  immense 
expenditure  for  purchasing  old  hou- 
ses, and  remunerating  their  pot 
sors :  but,  in  this  case,  no  such 
obstacle  arises.  The  whole  o(  the 
property,  except  perhaps  the  inte- 
rests of  a  few  lessees,  belong!  U) 
the  Duke  of  Bedford,  lfis  grace, 
therefore,  possesses  the  power  of 
accomplishing  this  object  with  the 


greatest  facility  i  by  which  m< 
if  a  magnificent  theati 

ed    on    1 1 1  i  -,    plan,     tin-   y.iluc   of   tin- 

land  in  its  \  ii  in  it j  would  be  very 
much  improved. 

\    the  itre   thus    Insnl  tied,    and 

i  on   li  in  l.il    w  ith     stone    or    l>r  i    .    , 

connected  by  iron,  instead  <>i  ■•. 

as  much    as    pOSI  ible,  'oinc 

roof,    consisting  chiefly   of    iron, 
might  be  rendered  almost   in< 
bustible.      \ I  lea  !.  if    ni  b  i 
mity  as  wi'lii  fitly  witi 

ed,  should  ever  take  place  in  the  in- 
terior, amongst  the  rariety  of  com- 
bustible substances  employed  in 
those  buildings,  its  exterior  and 
more  substantial  part  would  •  >cape 
the  furv  of  the  conflagration. 

The  names  of  our  (heat  res  are  also 

inelegant :    how    mu  -t   a  forei 

smileat  tiled,  .f  the  vo- 

taries of  Thalia  and  Melpomene,  who 
resort  to  so  miserable  a  place  as  a  lane 

in    London,   or  SO  vulvar  .is   x 
alley  in  Dublin  !  The  minor  the 
claim  superiority  over  their  parent! 
in  this  respect.     We  have  th^  i 
ally,  the  Circus,  the  Amphithi 
the  Lyceum,  the  Sans  Pared,  the 
Olympic   Pavilion,   &c.  ecc.     Hut 
the  classic  taste  of  the  super* 
der  of  our  theatrical  !  • 
tlemen   is   so    low,    or    their  inven- 
tion  so  poor,  that  Thalia  and  Mel- 
pomene cannot   procure  palaca 
receive  the  visits  of  their 
dignified   with  any  better  appella- 
tion than  dirty  Cam    (-garden  and 
humble  Drunj-l 

As  none  of  the  literati  have  hi- 
therto ventured  to  suggest  an  ob- 
servation on  this  head,  it  may  not 
be  deemed  presumptuous  to  pro- 
pose, for  the  consideration  of  the 
public,  that  the  house  which  is  now 
building  for  the  proprietors  of  ths 


236 


EUROPEAN    MANNERS    AXD    CUSTOMS. 


late  Cerent-garden  theatre,  might 
be  denominated,  from  its  apparent 
stability  or  firmness  of  structure, 
"  TheKMuses%  Theatrical  Castle  :" 
whilst  the  other  theatre,  if  erected 
in  the  place  previously  recom- 
mended, might  with  propriety  be 
called,  from  its  superior  situation 
and  appropriate    external  decora- 


tions, "  The  Muses'  Theatrical  Pa- 
lace:1 

More  classic  titles  than  these 
might  of  course  be  adopted,  but 
they  have  this  advantage,  that  cas- 
tle and  palace  excite  ideas  of  gran- 
deur and  magnificence,  whilst  lane 
and  alley  produce  impressions  dia- 
metrically opposite.  R.  A. 


HISTORICAL  FACTS  RELATIVE  TO  EUROPEAN  MANNERS 

AND  CUSTOMS. 

(Continued  from  page  305  J 


The  skins  of  animals  were  doubt- 
less the  first  materials  for  clothing 
among  all  nations,  as  they  still  are 
among  the  savage  tribes.   With  the 
accountgivenby  Tacitus  of  the  dress 
of  the  ancient  Germans  every  reader 
is  acquainted.    Hair,  sinews,  fibres 
of  plants  and  trees,    supplied  the 
place  of  thread  for  sewing ;  thorns 
and  fish-bones  were  the  substitutes 
for  needles,  and  sharp  bones  per- 
formed the  office  of  knives  and  scis- 
sars.     This  may  still  be  seen  in  the 
implements  for  tailors1  work  used  by 
the  North  American  Indians.  Boards 
fastened  to  the  soles  of  the  feet  with 
thon<rs  constituted  shoes.    Breeches 
are  of  more  ancient  date  than  might 
perhaps  be  imagined.     The  Gauls 
wore  breeches,  but  not  of  the  form 
which  is  given  at  present  to  that  part 
of  dress,  which  they  denominated 
braccha,  whence  the  word  brajye  or 
brai/ctte,  still  retained  in  the  French 
language.  The  Romans,  on  this  ac- 
count,  distinguished   that   part  of 
Gaul    which    retained   its   ancient 
cusloms,by  filename  of  Gallia  Brae- 
cata,  and  gave  the  appellation  of 
Gallia  Togata  to  that  portion  which 
lay  nearer  to  Italy,  and  became  ci- 
vilized at  a  more  early  period.  Till 
the  time  of  Charlemagne,  military 


dresses  were  made  of  skins,  though 
the  method  of  spinning  the  wool  of 
animals  was  known  in  Gaul  long  be- 
fore the  arrival  of  the  Romans. 

In  the  sequel,  the  peasants,  who 
were  principally  employed  in  agri- 
culture, adopted  a  kind  of  clothing 
which  not  only  defended  them  from 
the  inclemency  of  the  weather,  but 
which  they  could  throw  aside  with 
little  trouble  when  they  returned  to 
their  huts.  It  was  a  cloak  with  a 
hood  or  cowl,  such  as  is  still  worn 
by  monks  in  Roman  Catholic  coun- 
tries :  the  founders  of  their  orders 
consequently  borrowed  this  dress  of 
the  peasants. 

Caps  of  coarse  stuff  were  the  or- 
dinary covering  for  the  head  among 
the  common  people.  The  inven- 
tion of  hats  was  of  much  later  date, 
and  was  adopted  only  by  persons  of 
distinction.  Charles  V.  when  re- 
viewing his  army  in  1547,  wore  a 
small  velvet  hat,  which  he  put  under 
his  arm  when  it  began  to  rain.  The 
most  ancient  felt  hat  of  which  we 
have  any  account,  was  that  worn  by 
Charles  VII.  of  France,  at  his  entry 
into  Rouen.  It  would  be  impossible 
to  enumerate  all  the  variations  which 
have  taken  place  in  the  form  and  fa- 
shion of  the  hat  ;  suffice  it  therefore 


£L'ROPKAN     MA  N.I   lis     AMi    CI 


losay,  that  tli''  'list  was  made  with 
a  slum  lied  hi  im. 

The  weaving  of  stockiugS  was  in- 
vented bg  the  Spaiiianb  Iioni 
Spain  it  na>  introduced  into  Il>l\ 
and  about  I5u  I ,  i i.t « »  llnglund.  — 
Henry  I  I .  wns  (he  In  i  lli.il  wore  silk 
stockings  in  France,  and  Queen  Eli- 
zabeth in  England. 

It  would  In  !  our  limit    to 

go  hack  to  the  ( irecks  and  Romans, 
and  to  il.  .1  iht*  their  shoes.  The 
antiquary  finds  and  n  cognizi  s  then 
on  coins  and  oilier  remain-,  of  ail. 
The   shoemakers'     or    cordw  aineis' 

company  was  established  in  France 
by  Chattel  IN.  in  ISTS.     The 

/or/us,  which  came  into  fashion 
thirty  or  forty  years  since,  derived 
both  their  figure  and  name  from  the 
half-shoes  of  the  Capuchins,  ami 

slippers   were   lived    so  early   as  the 

time  of  Francis  I.  The  shoes  of  thai 
age  were  extremely  sharp-pointed, 
ami  bent  upwards  attheend.  These 
curvatures  or  bills  became  in  Prance 
a  mark  of  the  distinction  of  ranks, 
according  as  they  -were  larger  or 
smaller.  I>y  the  common  people 
they  were  worn  of  I  he  length  of  six 
inches:  by  the  most  wealthy  citi- 
zens they  were  increased  to  twelve 
inches,  and  those  of  princes  and 
pel  sons  of  high  rank  were  not  less 
than  tWO  feet  long.  These  beaks 
were  moreover  decorated  with  a  cou- 
ple of  long  horns,  and  other  singu- 
lar figures.  This  kind  of  sho, 
termed  d  la  poulaine,  probably  after 
the  name  ot  the  inventor.  Some, 
however,  maintain  that  they 
their  existence  to  Henry,  son  of 
GeofTry  Plantagenet,  Count  of  An- 
jou,  who  was  deemed  the  most  hand- 
some and  accomplished  prince  of 
his  age,  and  who  was  so  much 
mortified  by  a  large  excrescence  t^n 
No.  VI.    Vol.  I.  SB 


our  ,,i  bi   feet,  ill  it  to  ooaced  this 

del*  ( i.  he  dip  i  ted  In 

with    if" 
<  <>ii 1 1 w  t  i  followed    the 
tin  ii  mai  ter.  and  il  e  J  id: 

d.      H.  .   the 

enemies  sC  r*  s  I 

against    it   as    against  a  sin,    ai 

was  prohibited  by  princes.    During 

the  in     ii   <>l     |,i, in-   \  I.    this  kli 

shoe  n  i   seen  t"i  the  lai  t  time :  but 

We  mil  t  own.  ih.it  im  t 

we  were  not  n itho  hensioni 

of  beholding  this  fashion  revived  in 

all  its  e\tra\ sgance  iii  the   Bi itish 

metropolis. 

In  the  bailie  of  b,    w  \\n\ 

Leopold,  lurnamed  ••  the  Ffonour 
of  Chivalry,"  fell  with  his  nobles 

by  the  bravery  of  the  Sw  i-s,  the  he- 
roism of  Arnold  vim  Winkelried, 
and  the  lault  which  he  ostnmitted 
in  dismounting  his  cavalry, — one  of 
these  horsemen,  M.  von  [taynach, 
in  cutting  off  the  Long  peaks  of  Ids 
shoes,  like  his  companions,  because 
they  retarded  their  motions,  n  Mind- 
ed his  foot  in  such  a  manner,  that 
he  could  not  take  part  in  the  battle, 
and  thus  escaped  the  (ate  which  be- 
tel the  others. 

The  dress  of  Charlemagne,    as 
described  by   Eginhai  ..only 

consisted  ol  b  linen  coat,  the  s\irtsof 
which  were  bordered  with  silk;  and 
in  winter,  of  a  waist,  iter's 

skin,  which  he  wore  under  the 
His  shoes  and  stocki; 
ened  by  ribbons  of  various  colours, 

;  and  over  all  was  thrown  a  long  man- 
tle.  He  like*  ted  sumptuary 

1  laws. "    In  SOS,  he  fixed  the  follow - 

I  ing  prices  for   buying  and  selling: 

I  The  best  coat  or  mantle  . 

An  inferior  one 10  — 

A  coat  lined  with  marten  or 

otter's  skin 50  — 

One  lined  with  cat's  skin    .    10  — 


358 


DESCRIPTION  OF  STRICKLAND  EASE, 


The  long  wide  tunics,  which  were 
cut  open  before,  and  reached  to  the 
heels,  were  put  on  over  the  other 
garments.  People  wore  them  when 
they  went  abroad  ;  while  the  man- 
tles (such  is  the  variation  in  fa- 
shions and  ideas)  were  only  looked 
upon  as  a  domestic  or  full  dress  ; 
and  it  would  have  been  deemed  a 
mark  of  ill-breeding  if  any  person 
had  gone  abroad  in  a  mantle.  The 
ecclesiastical  habit,  called pluviale, 
and  several  monastic  dresses,  are 
imitations  of  these  tunics  :  and  thus 
we  find,  in  the  dresses  of  many  or- 
ders of  monks  and  of  the  clergy, 
which  often  appear  ludicrous  to  us, 
u  representation  of  the  most  ancient 


fashions  of  dress  belonging  to  our 
ancestors. 

Mantles  of  ermine  Mere  worn  in 
all  ages  in  France  and  Germany  : 
to  heighten  their  whiteness,  they 
were  spotted,  as  is  still  customary, 
with  black  pieces  of  Lombard  lamb- 
skins. Mantles  of  ermine,  whose 
skin  was  at  that  time  procured  from 
Armenia,  were  worn  only  by  per- 
sons of  distinction  and  ladies  of  high 
rank.  A  queen  of  England  had 
two  mantles  of  ermine  carried  be- 
fore her,  to  denote  that  she  was  the 
monarch  of  two  kingdoms,  France 
and  England. 

(To  be  continued.) 


DESCRIPTION  OF  STRICKLAND  EASE, 

A  BEAUTIFUL  PENINSULA  IN  EsTHWAITE  LAKE,    WESTMORELAND. 

TO  THE  EDITOR. 


Sin, 

I  beg  leave,  through  the  me- 
dium of  your  widely  circulating 
and  instructive  miscellany,  to  en- 
deavour to  bring  the  scenery  of 
Esthwaite  Lake  into  more  general 
notice  than  it  has  hitherto  Obtain- 
ed. — It  will  not,  I  hope,  be 
thought  an  intrusion  by  the  ad- 
mirers of  the  beautiful  in  nature,  as 
situations  of  much  less  consequence 
are  often  more  minutely  described. 
I  am  at  a  loss  to  what  cause  to  im- 
pute its  not  having  been  before  no- 
ticed, unless  it  be  that  other  tourists 
have  omitted  to  visit  Esthwaite,  and 
of  course  could  not  describe  the  ad- 
jacent scenery  from  actual  observa- 
tion. 

Strickland  Ease,  in  Esthwaite 
Lake,  is  a  peninsula,  though  it  some- 
times forms  an  island,  as  the  water 
when  high,  overflows  the  isthmus, 


and  thus  totally  surrounds  it.  In- 
deed, it  might,  at  a  very  small  ex- 
pence,  be  made  a  complete  and  per- 
petual island,  by  cutting  through 
the  isthmus,  which  is  low  and  nar- 
row. This  peninsula,  situated  on 
the  western  margin,  and  about  half- 
way up  the  lake,  into  which  it 
stretches  very  far,  is  of  a  handsome 
ellipticalform,comprehendingabout 
nine  acres,  and  is  fringed  round 
with  coppice  and  timber-trees,  such 
as  oak,  ash,  &c.  In  the  middle  it 
rises  into  a  beautiful  mount,  in  high 
cultivation. 

The  best  view  of  this  lovely  and 
interesting  spot,  may  be  enjoyed  by 
those  tourists  who  cross  Lancaster 
sands  to  Ulverstone,  or  rather  to 
Cartmel,  and  thence  to  Hawkshead. 
When  about  three  miles  from  the 
latter  place,  let  them  enquire  for 
Eastead    Pasture,  through   which 


DESCRIPTION  of  JTUHKT.wn  I  ill  . 


the  road  passes,  and  then  slop, 
when  they  will  have  a  good  distant 
view  of  Strickland  Ease,  rising  ma- 
jestically from  the  bosom  of  the 
beautiful  lake.  A  eery  fine  near 
view  <>f  ii  may  then  be  obtained,  by 
proceeding  to  Fauld  Veat,  the  farm 
of  which  it  forms  a  part,  at  present 
in  the  occupation  of  Mi.  John 
Hawkrigg,  and  walking  to  the  top 
of  n  hilly  field  behind  the  farm- 
housOi 

Should  the  traveller  cross  W  inan- 
dermere    Ferry,     and    thence    to 

Hawkshead,   he   may   also  enjoy   a 

hue  view  of  the  peninsula  from  the 
east  side  of  (he  lake,  on  (he  road  be- 
tween Sawrcy  and  Hawkshead. 

In  addition  to  the  beauties  natu- 
rally possessed  by  this  spot,  it  is 
capable  of  being  very  much  im- 
proved by  building,  planting,  &c. 
It  resembles  more  than  any  other  si- 
tuation in  the  neighbourhood,  Bell 
Isle,  the  favourite  retreat  of  J.  C. 
Cttrwen,  Esq.  for  which  the  sum  of 
j£. 30,000  has  been  offered  and  re- 
fused. The  peninsula  is  situated  in 
a  very  improving  neighbourhood, 
and  if  built  upon,  would  form  an 
elegant  and  healthful  retirement*. 


being  admirably  situated  for  fishing 
and  field  sports,  as  game  is  plenti- 
ful in  the  neighboui  hoodi 

A  description  of  the  sublime 
mountain  scenery  which  surrounds 
tin  place  at  ■  distance,  mij  lit  per* 
saps  be  thought  appropriate  ;  but 
to  diis  task  I  am  afraid  that  I  can- 
not do  justice  ;  and  shall  therefore 
beg  leave  to  refer  to  the  accounts 
already  published  by  those  v.  ho 
have  actually  viewed  the  lakes,  of 

what    is  still    better,  to  a   personal 
survey. 
Should  the  information  contained 

in    this    letter    afford    ever    so   little 

amusement  to  any  of  those  w  ho  may 

afterwards  visit  the  lakes.  I  shall 
feel  highly  gratified. 

I  am,  Sec. 


15. 


Kendal,  April  18,  I K  ■>■ 


*  Having  had  opportunities  of  \  iewing 
this  certainly  desirable  spot,  we  can  attest 
the  accuracy  of  our  correspondent's  de- 
scription ;  but  there  is  one  most  singular 
circumstance  which  has  escaped  his  no- 


tice. Between  Esthwaite  and  Hawks- 
head, and  not  above  a  mile  from  Strick- 
land Kasc,  is  situated  another  small  lake, 
with  a  floating  island,  on  winch  breed 

prodigious  quantities  of  musquitoes,  of 
the  genuine  West  Indian  species,  who 
are  by  no  means  desirable  neighbours. 
We  should  be  glad  if  our  correspondent, 
or  any  of  our  readers,  can  favour  us  with 
a  solution  of  the  question,  how  those  trou- 
blesome insects  were  brought  into  that 
vicinity,  and  whether  any  other  colonics 
of  them  are  established  in  this  country. 

Liutur. 


LETTERS  FROM  ITALY. 

LETTER    IV. 

(Continued  from  page  2S7.J 
Having  cast   a   rareweH  glance  D  dullness  which  had  seised  my  limbs 

on  the  beautiful  lake  Avemus,  I  re-     in  the  Sibyl's  cave,  would  not  \  ield 


turned,  mounted  as  before,  and  ac- 


to  the  burning  rays  of  the  sun,  I 


companied  by  my  two  friends,  to     signed  Dapple  to  the  cicerone,  and 
the  sea-beach  ;  but  finding  that  the  I  tried  to  recover,  by  pedestrian  ex- 

3B2 


360 


LETTERS    FROM    ITALY. 


crcise,  the  lost  balance  of  temncra- 
ture.  This  plan,  as  to  myself,  amis 
attended  with  the  wished-for  re- 
sult ;  at  the  same  time,  that  i( 
proved  the  cause  of  a  severe  mis- 
fortune to  one  of  my  fellow-travel- 
lers. Don  Michele,  probably  from 
fatigue,  was  going  to  avail  himself 
of  the  vacant  saddle,  when,  in  the 
act  of  mounting,  a  loud  report  an- 
nounced the  laceration  of  his  orange 
purple  small-clothes.  On  an  oc- 
casion like  this,  I  had  good  reason 
to  expect  a  storm  from  a  man  of  his 
temper,  but  my  fears  were  un- 
founded— a  Neapolitan  is  not  to  be 
put  out  of  humour  by  a  triile.  Don 
Michele,  after  gravely  examining 
the  hiatus,  which  was  rendered 
doubly  distressing  by  its  locality 
and  the  want  of  drawers,  exclaim- 
ed, with  much  composure,  "  Non 
e'e  gran  danno  ;  memmeno  mara- 
riglia,  giacchc  siamo  nel  paese 
tFeru&ioni*  :  and  wittily  observing, 
that  the  cause  of  the  evil  was  best 
calculated  for  its  concealment,  he 
got  on  the  ass  more  cheerful,  if 
any  thing,  than  before.  Some  peo- 
ple are  greatest  in  misfortune  ! 

After  proceeding  a  little  way 
along  the  shore,  the  heat  of  the 
sun  became  sensible,  even  through 
the  soles  of  my  boots  ;  and  to  con- 
vince me  that  subterraneous  fire  was 
the  cause,  our  cicerone  desired  I 
would  put  my  hand  into  the  sea  : 
the  water  felt  cool,  but  the  sand 
underneath  quite  hot.  We  were 
close  to  the  hot  vapour  baths  of 
Tritoli,  consisting  of  a  variety  of 
excavations  cut  into  a  high  rock, 
en  which  are  scattered  a  number  of 


*  The  mischief  is  not  so  great,  nor  is 
it  to  be  wondered  at,  since  we  are  in  the 
country  of  eruptions. 


ruins,  evidently  shewing  that  this 
place  was  much  frequented  by  the 
invalids  of  antiquity.  The  air  here 
is  strongly  impregnated  with  saline 
and  sulphureous  vapours,  which,  in 
some  of  the  caverns,  are  so  exces- 
sive, as  to  cause  instant  perspira- 
tion. They  are  said  to  afford  a  sure 
remedy  for  almost  every  chronic 
complaint,  particularly  rheumatism 
and  diseases  of  the  skin.  We  en- 
tered one  of  the  apartments,  where 
both  the  heat  and  smell  were  into- 
lerable. A  fellow  stripped  himself 
to  go  down  a  kind  of  a  dry  well, 
and  presently  ascended  in  so  violent 
a  state  of  perspiration,  that  the  drops 
ran  down  from  every  part  of  his 
body.  You  may  well  suppose,  dear 
T.  that  I  lost  no  time  to  get  out  of  a 
place  of  this  kind. 

At  this  mountain  begins  the  ter- 
ritory of  Bajas — Bajae,  the  pride  and 
shame  of  ancient  Rome.  Who,  that 
has  tasted  of  classic  learning,  does 
not  recollect  this  celebrated  spot, 
its  beautiful  villas,  temples,  pala- 
ces of  marble,  baths,  groves,  gar- 
dens, fish-ponds,  houses  of  ill  fame, 
the  voluptuous  and  dissolute  life  of 
its  inhabitants,  and  even  of  the 
grave  senators,  who,  from  the  toils 
of  the  Curia,  hastened  to  enjoy  its 
sybaritic  pleasures  ?  All  is  vanish- 
ed !  and  a  desert,  covered  with 
shapeless  ruins,  is  left  to  attest  the 
veracity  of  historians  —  a  melan- 
choly instance  of  the  instability  of 
human  affairs.  Some  centuries 
hence,  perhaps,  a  foreign  wanderer 
will  seek  in  vain  the  elegant  villas, 
lawns,  and  parks  of  Richmond  and 
Hampton  Court.  The  fate  of  em- 
pires may  be  compared  to  the  life 
of  man  :  a  good  constitution,  and 
a  wise  use  of  it,  may  prolong  the 
duration  of  both;  but  decrepitude 


LETT!  \  T.V. 


will,  sooner  or  Infer,  make  ifs  ap- 
pearance,  Of  luiri»ii  violence  bring 

on  sudden  destruction!  From  the 
latter,  our  insular  situation  greatly 

screens  us  j  we  li;i\  e  (o  boa  I  <>l 
evei  v  :ul\  aiita^e  in  poinl  ol'  <  < »n -I  i - 
t u f i« m  ;     fhe    manner    of    Usin<r    or 

abusing  if,  is  therefore  all  we  have  tb 
look  <o. 

Full  of  such  like  reflections,  ami 
of  others  even  more  serious,  I  look- 
ed down  on  flie  little  harbour  of 
Bajaa :  mcthought  I  saw  that  in- 
fernal contrivance  of  naval  mecha- 
nism fklling  info  pieces,  and  the  un- 
happy Agrtppinasn  immingtowards 

the    shore  for    her   life,     which    her 

monster  of  a  son.  disappointed  at 

the  failure  of  his  scheme,  immedi- 
ately afterwards  consigned  to  the 
BWOrd  of  one  of  his  creatures. — 
What  a  picture  of  human  depra- 
vity! Hut  Nero's  guill  must  have 
been  shared  among  a  great  number 

of  his  associate*.  He  that  planned 
the  construction  of  the  vessel,  even 

the  workmen  tint  executed ' the  de* 
sii^n,  the    crew,    the  courtiers,  fhe 
ministers,  all  must  have  been  privy 
to  the   horrid   (.\m\  :    and    Seneca. 
the   moralist, — had  his  philosophy 
nothing  to  say  on  this  occasion  ? — 
or  was  he.  perhaps  j  not  di-pl 
at    petting   rid  of  the   influence  of 
an    imperious    woman? — perhaps, 
even    he   was    in   the   seer  •'.       But 
•what    exceeds  all    belief,   flic  army 
and  senate,  according  to  Suetonius, 
congratulated  their  worthy  n 
on  the  happy  event. 

Bttt  let  us  turn  from  recollections 
so  disgraceful  to  humanity,  to  some  ' 
of  the  most  int<  resting  odj 
here  oiler  themselves  to  the  view  of 
the  modern   traveller.      The  si 
Baja?  forms  a   sate   port   for  vessels 
of  small  size  ;  a  pier  of  solid 


itructiofl  has  been  builf,  to  mcili* 

"•  hind  di  and  i  • 

Ing  Of  llripS,    and    ,i    .  j(  ,  '    |  ol 

derafe  strength   protects   the  i 
and  harbour.    Two  ancient  rcf i 

in  ruins,    stand    af     | 

from  each  other  <>n  the  be  u  b  :  the 
one  af  present  be  trs  the  n  tme  <-t'  the 
temple  of  Venus,  the  otl 
ana.     .\   little  further  in  ihoi 
third  temple  presents  it  hich 

cur  cicerone  made  a  presenl  to  Mer- 
cury.    But  (<•  qu   te  the 
names  <>f  heaps  of  ruins  , 
von   no  pleasure,   althou 

aitist   OU    the   <■]-,,,<,    |        ,     f)ne    j)l(,_ 

portions  ami  elegant  structure, 
tar  as  time  Ins    preserved   either, 

afford  delight  and  instrui 
You  can  s,  arcely  form  an  id 

flu*   immense    number  of  fi 

of  ancient    buildings,    which     i 

not    onlj 

Misenum,   but   are 
even  visible  beneath  in* 

deed,  when  we  consider  thai  fhe 
environs  were  the  gen  rt  of 

the  Roman  lean  mmtde,  that  this 
was  (he  fixed  stati  -  ail, 

and  dock-3  ard  of  the  prim 
man    fleet,    I  account 

for  the  numerals  rchitectural  re- 
mains to  be  met  with  on  bo  eclc- 
!  a  >pot. 
In  our  progress  towards  the  Mi- 
senian  cape,  and  on  the  other  side 
oft1'  if  Baj*,  we  arrived  af 

the  tomb  of  Agrippina — no!  the  mo- 
ther of  Nero,  whi.  is  1  h a ve  be- 
fore said,  was  murdered  nearly  on 
the  same  spot,  by  the  orders  of  her 
son, — but  /.  r  mother,  the  wit 

!er  man  tens,  who,  like 
her  husband,  fell  a  victim  to  the 
hatred  of  another  imperial  monster, 
f'ue  crafty  tyrant,  Tiberiu-.  .\n 
inscription,  found  on  the  spot,  but 


362 


LETTERS    FROM    ITALY. 


no  longer  there,  leaves  no  doubt  of 
the  fact  of  this  sepulchral  monu- 
ment having  been  erected  to  her 
memory.  I  entered  it  with  diffi- 
culty, through  a  hole  at  the  bottom, 
and  by  the  glimmer  of  a  candle, 
perceived  the  remains  of  some  beau- 
tiful basso-relievos  in  stucco,  and 
painted  ornaments  along  one  of  the 
■walls. 

Close  to  the  tomb  of  Agrippina, 
we  were  shewn  into  a  number  of 
subterraneous  apartments,  some 
formed  of  brick,  others  cut  into  the 
rock.  At  present  they  bear,  ap- 
propriately enough,  the  name  of 
Cento  Camerelle  (hundred  cham- 
bers) :  they  are  a  sort  of  labyrinth 
of  difficult  access,  and  the  trouble 
of  creeping  into  some  of  the  cells, 
feet  foremost,  is  very  indifferently 
compensated  by  the  little  that  is 
Avorth  seeing  in  them,  and  the  want 
of  authentic  information  as  to  the 
destination  of  so  gloomy  an  abode. 
Our  cicerone,  who  never  seemed 
to  be  at  a  loss  to  answer  questions, 
declared  the  Cento  Camerelle  to 
have  been  the  habitations  of  primi- 
tive Christians,  during  the  perse- 
cutions in  the  first  centuries  ;  and 
although  I  objected  that  it  was  very 
unlikely  our  pious  forefathers  would 
have  thought  it  prudent  to  seek 
shelter  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
palaces  of  their  persecutors,  Don 
Michele,  as  usual,  was  of  opinion, 
that  the  nearer  they  lived  to  the 
place  of  danger,  the  less  their  resi- 
dence would  be  suspected,  and,  of 
course,  the  safer  they  would  be 
from  the  intrusion  of  power;  adding, 
by  way  of  simile,  that  in  a  high 
wind,  one  that  was  close  to  the 
houses  had  less  to  fear  from  the 
falling  of  tiles  and  chimnies,  than 
he  that  walked  ia  the  middle  of  the 


street.  You  need  not  be  told,  that 
so  acute  an  observation  was  met 
with  respectful  silence  on  my  part. 
We  were  next  led  up  hill  to  the 
Piscina  Mirabile  (the  wonderful 
fish-pond).  This  stupendous  struc- 
ture, whether  fish-pond  or  not,  is, 
compared  with  others,  in  good 
preservation,  and  has  pre-eminent 
claims  to  admiration.  I  shall  first 
present  you,  dear  T.  with  a  brief 
description  of  its  plan,  and  then 
add  what  appears  to  me  the  most 
rational  hypothesis  concerning  its 
probable  destination.  The  greatest 
part  of  the  building  is,  and  I  be- 
lieve originally  was,  underground, 
above  the  surface  of  which  it  rises 
only  a  few  feet,  where  it  is  covered 
with  a  flat  roof  of  masonry.  Its 
form  is  an  oblong  square,  about 
sixty  paces  in  length  and  half  as 
much  in  breadth ;  two  entrances, 
with  staircases  of  about  forty  steps, 
lead  to  the  bottom,  and  forty-eight 
massy  insulated  pilasters,  in  the 
shape  of  crosses  like  those  under 
our  Horse-Guards,  regularly  dis- 
posed in  rows  of  twelve  by  four, 
support  a  vaulted  roof:  between 
these,  two  men  may  walk  a-breast. 
The  interior  walls  and  the  pilasters 
are  covered  with  a  stucco,  not  only 
impenetrable  to  water,  but  as  hard 
as  marble  itself;  so  much  so,  that 
from  fragments,  broken  off  for  that 
purpose,  the  lapidaries  at  Naples 
manufacture  very  neat  and  well- 
polished  snuff-boxes,  a  specimen 
of  which  I  shall  have  the  pleasure 
of  presenting  you  with  in  proof  of 
my  veracity.  Regular  square  open- 
ings at  the  top  served  to  admit 
light  and  air.  It  is  not  likely  that- 
such  a  stupendous  fabric  should 
have  been  reared  to  keep  fish  in, 
although  the  gluttony  of  some  of 


kiis    i  icuM    ITALT. 


the  Roman  emperon  was  pcrfei  11} 
capable  <>t  mch  a  waste  of  labour 
and  expence.  The  more  probable 
opinion   is,  thai  ilns  was  the 

reservoir   of  rain  water  lot    the   Mi- 

senian  Heel  j  and  litis  supposil  ion  is 

considerably  strengthened  by  the 
discovers  of  some  earthen  j>  i  [)t-s  ai 

the  top,  w  liieli  are  ttlOUghl  to  have 

.served  lor  the  wafer  being  poured  in 
by  the  sailors  and  soldiers  during 
the    v*  inter    season,    w  lien   the  tem- 

pestuous  weather  did  nol  admit  of 
the  Heels  putting  to  sea,  and  af- 
forded to  the  crews  the  leisure  re- 
quired lor  such  an  operation  as 
ii  was  a  maxim  of  the  Roman  go- 
vermneni,  (o  keep  iis  defenders  em- 
ployed al  all  limes.  .\i  least  the 
whole    peninsula    i^    destitute     of 

Springs    Of   good    water,     a    d<  fe<  t 

which  may  be  ascribed  both  to  the 

sea  and  to  the  abundance  of  'vol- 
vtnic  matter  under  ground. 

From  the  hill  on  which  the  Pis- 
cina Mirabih  stand-,  wc enjoyed  a 
charming  proqpect  of  Cape  \li- 
senum,  which  lay  immediately  be- 
fore us,  and  of  the  verdant  island 
of  Procita,  separated  from  the 
cape  by  a  channel  about  halt'a  mile 
in  breadth:  but  our  antiquarian 
peregrination  stopped  short  of  ei- 
ther. We  were  by  this  time  nearly 
exhausted  with  hunger  and  fatigue; 
not  that  the  distance  wc  had  tra- 
velled was  altogether  considerable, 
but  the  researches  among  so  many 
ruinous  edifices,  at  one  time 
climbing  over  walls,  at  another 
descending  below  ground,  or  creep- 
ing on  all-fours  through  narrow- 
passages,  under  repeated  and  sud- 
den transitions  from  heat  to  cold, 
required  more  bodily  exertion  than 
a  journey  of  perhaps  treble  the 
extent.     The  jack-ass  I  had,  as  I 


already  Informed  \  ou,  in  the  i 
stage  of  out  proj> row,  consi 
to  Don  Mi<  hele.  w ho  [tune 

( ertainly  entitled  him  to  tl 
in  e  oi  in y  own  convenient  '•.  I 
ever  little,  as  the  cs  <•  turned  out, 
he   benefited  bj   (lie  .     lion.     He 
was   unaccustomed   to  this  ~ort  <<\ 

travelling,     and    the     rents     in     his 

garments  appeared  to  have 
celerated  the  galling  action  of  an 
obdurate  saddle  ;  nt  least  a  con- 
tinual locomotion  or  shilling,  and 
a  lilence  during  the  last  quart t 
mi  hourj  gave  room  to  apprehend 
the  existence  <»i  su<  h  a  g 

In  short,  he  declared  his  inability 
to    proceed    any    In  tin  t .    and     Don 

( riacomo  adding  thai  he  had  or- 
dered  dinner  to  be  ready  at  half 

past  sixteen,  il  v,;is.  ;/,■/;/.  (nil.  de- 
termined to  return  forthwith  to 
Pozxuoli. 

Owing  to  \h\<  resolve  I  find  my- 
self in  an  awkward  dilemma  with 
you.  Dear  T.  An  account  of  Cape 
Miseno  was  promised  you,  and 
ought  to  stand  in  this  place. 
Now,  although  in  many  of  <>ur 
modern  travels  it  is  no  unusual 
thing  to  meet  with  full  and  parti- 
cular accounts  of  places,  which  the 
author  has  never  visited,  he  trust- 
ing, in  such  cases,  to  his  own  in- 
tuitive genius,  and,  perhaps,  to 
the  aid  of  some  dull,  but 
writers  that  have  pre-dru 
through  the  subject  for  him,  like 
the  drone  which  sucks  the  honey 
prepared  by  the  industrious  bee: 
although,  1  repeat,  such  a  thing  is 
perfectly  warranted  by  the  laws 
and  ordinances  of  book-making, 
yet,  as  I  am  not  making  a  book, 
but  writing  a  letter,  a  friendly 
letter,  to  my  dear  T.  to  whom  I 
have  solemnly  promised  to  i 


ACCOUNT    OF    THE    CRIMEA. 


nothing-  but  what    my  eyes    have 

seen seen  ?     Stop  ! 

I  have  seen    Misenum,    and  very 

near  too,  although    I  may  not  ab- 
solutely have  been  at  it.     At  any 

rate,  I  may  therefore  tell  you  what 

I  have  seen.     The  promontory    is 

a   moderate  hill,    or    rather   rock, 

now  Avithout   a  town,    which  was 

destroyed  by  the  Saracens  in  the 

ninth   century.     Adjoining   to  the 

cape,  and  directly  under  our  feet, 

lay  the  Dead  Sea  (Mare  Morto), 

across  which  the  inhabitants  of  the 
town  used  to  ferry  over  their  fu- 
nerals, to  a  place  called  the  Elysian 
Fields,  now  Merc  at  o  de  Sabalo,  ( 
and  still  containing  the  remains  of 
many  sepulchres.  Their  sexton's 
name  was  Charon.  A  little  more 
to  the  right  we  saw  another  lake, 
the  famous  Acheron,  the  waters  of 
which  were  pestilential,  like  those 
of  Avernus,  owing  to  their  com- 
municating with  the  infernal  re- 
gions. And  here,  without  recur- 
ring to  Egyptian  antiquity,  you 
have  the  warp  into  which  the  Ro- 
man poets,  and  particularly  Virgil, 
have  so  fancifully  interwoven  their 
beautiful  mythological  fictions  of 
the  topography  of  the  empire  of 
Pluto,  and  the  fate  of  mankind 
after  death,  in  perfect  imitation  of 

The  unavoidable  press  of  urgent  temporary  matter,  obliges  us  to  defer  the  pro- 
mised conclusion  of  this  letter  to  our  supplementary  number. 


what  Homer  has  left  us  on  the  same 
subject  in  his  Odyssey.  Of  the 
superb  port  which  Agrippa,  the 
Colbert  of  Augustus,  built  at  Mi- 
senum, scarcely  a  trace  remains ; 
much  less  of  the  monuments  which 
/Eneas  erected  here  to  his  compa- 
nion Misenus,  from  whom  the 
name  of  the  cape  is  derived. 

"  At  pius  iEneas  ingenti  mole  sepulcrum 
a  Imponit,    suaque  anna  Tiro,    remuinque, 

tubamque, 
"  Monte   6ub  aerio  :    qui  nunc  Misenus  ab 

illo 
u  Dicitur,    teternumque    tenet    per    secula 

nomen." 

&NEID,  VI.  232- 

This  prediction  of  Virgil,  as  to 
the  duration  of  the  appellation, 
stands  to  this  day  un  in  validated. 
His  mons  a'erius  is  generally  ex- 
plained as  the  noun  proper  of  the 
hill  before  it  changed  its  name  ;  but 
when  I  inform  you  that  the  many 
curious  natural  hollows,  or  perhaps 
artificial  excavations  of  its  rock, 
give  it,  in  some  measure,  the  re- 
semblance of  the  aerial  and  transpa- 
rent nature  of  a  Gothic  building, 
you  will,  perhaps,  concur  with  me, 
that  a'erius  may  have  been  meant  as 
an  epithet  rather,  than  as  the  name 
it  previously  went  by. 


ACCOUNT  of  the  CRIMEA,  HISTORICAL  and  DESCRIPTIVE. 


LETTER    III. 


On  quitting  Soudak,  the  road 
is  one  continued  ascent  to  the  vil- 
lage of  Kutlak,  chiefly  along  the 
little  rivulet  Karagatch;  which, 
by  its  murmuring  and  perpetual 
dashing  against  the  rocks  that  im- 


pede its  course,  in  some  measure 
takes  off  the  wearisomeness  of  the 
road,  and  affords  also  another  com- 
fort, of  no  mean  importance  in 
so  hot  a  climate — water,  which, 
during   our   eight    miles  journey, 


ACCOUNT    OF    THE    CRIMEA. 


:irid   hemp,  and  appear  Ir.ppy  and 
contented. 

From  this  place  to  tin-  valley  of 
Aluechta  the  road  is  ro<  k  v  and 
dangerous,    owing  lo  the  <  b 
and  precipice!  whU  li  appeared  after 
the  earthquake  of  1786,  and  irhicfa 
spent  its  tore-  principallj  beta 

this  ipot  and  Halakla va.    The  I 

of  Aluschta  is  litnated  on  aa 
lated  deration  contiguon 
sea,   which    separates  the   <•• 
pari  of  the  high  moontaim  of  the 
Crimea   from  th  tse    of  1 1 , « -    west, 

which    we   have    jusf    pasted    OTCT. 

Though  now  an  insignificant  vil- 
lage, the  ruins  of  itfl  ancient  forti- 
fications attest  its  former  import- 
ance. The  present  inhabitants  arc 
Tartars,  who,  by  building  their 
bouses  against  the  side  of  the  hill, 

and  covering  them  with  turf,  give 
you  the  idea,  when  looking  at  them 
from  a  distance,  of  so  many  ter- 
raced gardens.  I'pon  these  roofs 
they  walk  and  sleep  in  summer  ; 
indeed  the  inside  of  the  house  holds 
out  no  temptation  to  make  more  use 
of  it  than  is  absolutely  necessary; 
it  contains  nothing  but  a  Bpacious 
fire-place,  a  few  cushions,  and  a 
carpet.  Neither  are  these  habita- 
tions recommended  by  their  clean- 
liness. In  the  middle  ages  this 
place  was  called  Aliiston  Phrurion, 
and  was  rebuilt  by  .Justinian  ;  a  suf- 
ficient proof  of  the  importance  of 
its  port  at  that  time.  Since  it  fell 
into  the  possession  of  the  Turks,  it 
orchards  and  vineyards,  afforded  II  has  lost  both  its  trade  and  cond- 
one of  the  most  delightful  journies,  jj  quence,  and  been  reduced  to  a 
perhaps,  ever  undertaken.  The  j  mere  village.  From  hence  to  Yalta, 
hills  are  covered  with  woods,  and  we  pass  through  the  villages  of 
Kapsokor  is  situated  in  the  midst  ofj  Lambat.  Parthcnik.  and  K'urkult; 
a   valley,  about   a   mile    from  the  !  the    road,    continually  ascending-, 


we  had  frequently  occasion  to  have 
recourse  to. 

The    tillage  il    situated    near  the 

summitof  t  mountain  in  a  spacious 

valley,  planted  with  vines  and  fruit 
trees,  and  urn  rounded  with  B  hinge 
of  hills  of  a  moderate  height.    This 

contributes  to  render  it  extremely 

hot,  and  by  impeding  the  tree  course 
of  the  wind,  communicates  the  sen- 
sation of  a  hot-house,      lis  produc- 
tions are  proportionally  abundant, 
rich,  and  varied  \  its  wines  are  very 
luscious,  and  something  like  ftfalm- 
acy.       The   inhabitants,   when   not 
occupied    in  their    vineyards,   em- 
ploy themselves,  with  great  indus- 
try, in  an   extensive  stone-quarry, 
from  which  they  procure,  and  roll  I 
down  into  the  valley,  large  blocks, 
which   are  then  shaped  into  mill-  J 
stones  ;    and   hence  almost   all  the  i 
mills   in  the   Crimea  are  supplied.  ' 
This  trade,  added  to  their  wine  and  | 
fruits,  have   rendered   the  inhabit- 
ants of  Kutlack  the  richest  of  their 
class  in  the  Crimea  ;  and  they  ap- 
pear to    possess,    in  consequence, 
more    conveniences   and    Comforts 
than  I  recollect  to  have  observed  in 
any  other  place  of  its  size.     A  rest 
of  a  couple   of  hours,    with    the 
delicious  refreshments  we  obtained 
of  fruit,    wine,    &c.    enabled    ni 
again   to   proceed   with    renovated 
vigour,  both  of  body  and  mind  :  and 
our  journey    to   Kapsokor,    being 
principally  a  descent  through   se- 
veral beautiful  Tallies,  covered  with 


sea  ;  the  inhabitants  cultivate  large 
jfields  of  cucumbers,  melons,  beans, 
Xo.  VI.    Vol.  I. 


winds     round    precipices,    crosses 
forests,  and  is  so  narrow,  that  it  is 
3C 


566 


ACCOUNT    OF    TUT    CRIMEA. 


dangerous  even  to  the  animals  we 
rode,  accustomed  as  they  are  to  its 
difficulties!  In  1 1i is  tract  many  very 
beautiful  situations  and  views  pre- 
sent themselves,  ami  perpetually 
strike  the  traveller  with  astonisb- 
ment  at  their  grandeur,  variety,  aud 
richness.  We  at  last  reached  the 
plain  of  Yursuf.  Here,  upon  the 
top  of  an  almost  inaccessible  moun- 
tain, fractured  in  two,  is  a  passage, 
which  was  formerly  closed  by  a 
wall,  vestiges  of  which,  as  also  of 
its  batteries,  bastions,  and  a  round 
tower,  still  remain,  together  with  a 
rampart  which  extended  to  the  sea, 
where  a  beautiful  little  harbour,  se- 
cured by  a  mole,  still  existing,  af- 
forded security  to  those  whom  either 
business  or  pleasure  induced  to 
avail  themselves  of  its  accommo- 
dation. About  three  miles  further, 
the  promontory  of  Nikita  stretches 
itself  into  the  sea.  Behind  it  is  a 
village  of  the  same  name,  which, 
with  two  others  adjacent,  was  for- 
merly inhabited  by  Greeks,  who 
emigrated  from  Maripol.  Near 
these  is  a  ruined  chapel,  shaded  by 
some  of  the  largest  walnut-trees  1 
ever  sav*  •  A  rivulet  takes  its  course 
through  t!i is  valley,  giving  lux- 
uriance to  orchards  and  vineyards, 
once  cultivated  with  the  greatest 
care,  but  now  forming  a  wilder- 
ness that  would  defy  their  ancient 
owners,  should  thej'  again  appear, 
to  point  out  their  proper  boundaries. 
It  is  here  that  the  traveller  feels  dis- 
posed to  rest  and  seek  that  refresh- 
ment his  exhausted  frame  so  much 
requires  from  the  fatigue  of  (ra- 
velling in  so  hot  a  climate  ;  and  that 
lie  is  invited  to  do  so,  by  a  fountain 
shaded  by  the  most  luxuriant  trees, 
interspersed  with  vines, arbutcs,&c; 
and  to  add  to  his  accommodation, 
the   hospitable  Tartar   has  placed 


a  wooden  bowl  to  lade  the  ^aier  in. 
order  to  slake   his  thirst — the   tor- 
ments of  which  he  well  deserves  to 
suffer,  who  shall  neglect  to  place  it 
again  securely  in  its  situation,  for 
those  who  may  follow  him.     It  is 
by  trivial   attentions,   like  this,  to 
the  wants  of  our  fellow -creatures, 
more  than  by  ostentatious  displays 
of  charity,  that  the  hospitality  of  a 
nation  is  to  be  judged  of.      Passing 
through  the  village  of  Derekoi  you 
descend   into  the  valley   of  Yalta, 
the   Doialta  of  the  ancients,   fallen 
from    its  former   importance  to  an 
insignificant   village,  and  its  port 
now  no  longer  remarkable  for  any 
thing  but  its  oysters,  which,  indeed, 
are  excellent.     Though    little  fre- 
quented, it  has   a    small  lazaretto, 
to  receive  the  remnant  of  its  inha- 
bitants from  being  completely  ex- 
tirpated by  the  plague.     The  ves- 
tiges of  its  former  magnificence  are 
very  apparent:     broken    columns, 
and    other  ruins,    are  every    where 
scattered  about;  and  its  extent  may 
easily  be  traced  by  the  parts  of  for- 
tifications still  remaining.     It  is  in 
the  vicinity  of  this  place,  that  the 
famous  breed  of  the  Tauric  sheep 
are  principally  found.      Like  the 
Spanish,    they    are    led   by    their 
shepherds  to  the  climate  adapted  to 
the  different   seasons,  and   fed  at  a 
greater   or    less   height    above  the 
level  of  the  sea,   ranging  from  sul- 
try  heat    at  the   bottom,   to   more 
than  cool  at  the  top  of  the   moun- 
tains, even  in  the  midst  of  summer. 
The  road  now  rapidly  ascends  the 
mountains,  and    is  not  only  fatigu- 
ing,  but    dangerous :    the    ravines 
arc  deep  and  rugged,    and  a  false 
step  of  your  horse  would  be  inevit- 
able destruction.    About  five  miles 
from    Yalta  you  again  descend  to 
tLe   sea-shore,  to  a  village  called 


rn .     i  R  ; 


Aoutka,  inhabited  b)  ( rreeks,  i  bo  e 
■ole  <■  in  pi •  i\  i ii«-i  :  i  and 

no  where  is  there  to  be  foun  l 
variety  of  ex<  ellent  Bah  I    ii  fur- 
nishcd  by  the  i  a  along  the  w hole 
extent  of  coast  from   15  ilakl  i 
( 'alia.     <  »i  such  importance 
thought    in  am  ient  times,    i 
■  of  A. 
to  this  part  of  the  (  i  inn  a. 
to  this  are  situated  the  c  isc  ides  of 
the  Akarsu,  falling  perpendicularly 
fi     i  a  licighl  of  upwards  of  sixtj 
i,i  lioins.       I  ij     and     mist 

arising  from  such  a  body  of  « 
form  rainbows  of  the  most  brilliant 
Colours,  and  render  ii  diflicult,  In 
any  description,    to  convey  an  idea 
of  the  grandeur  of  such  a 
Several   villages  situated  amongst 
these   mountains,    through    which 
the  road  passes,  enjoy  ;ill  tfa 
vantages  and  luxuries  of  this  fertile 
soil.     Fig-treesj  olives,  and   vines 
are  dispersed  amongst  them,  and 
continue  to  attend  the  traveller  (ill 
he  approaches   Alupka;  when  the 
scene   immediate  Iv,  as  ii'  b 
changes   to  one   the  most  dreary, 
and  impi  imagination  with 

the  return  oi  woods  rooted 

iij),  rocks  broken,   dispersed,  and 
again   heaped    upon  one  another, 
»vei  -  by  a 

e  root,  all  serve  to  impress  the 
traveller  with  the  idea  of  general 
destruction.  In  one  part  enormous 
fragments  of  stone,  proceeding 
the  (all  of  a  mass  of  rock  on  the 
seaside,  cover  the  space  of  more 
than  a  mile  inland;  and  it  is  upon 
and  amongst  llicse  ruin-,  that  a  vil- 
lage is  i  stablishcd,  w  itli  gardens  and 
parcels  of  cultivated  ground.  Some 
have  even  ventured  to  build 
huts  under  the  shelter  of  these 
enormous  masses,  which  every 
moment    seem    ready   to    fall    and 


themt 

i 
.  I 

moll  not    den  •    I 

•    i  ..     ,      ralley, 

Id  wind)  ' 
the  |j  bern 

I,    and    I  I  only  tO 

outh,  the  he  it  i ->  < 

I broughout  th 
Lttxui  iani  elation  that  i 

tonishing.     The  ■ 

ing   and    twinin 

rocks  ;       fig-t .        .       i 
olive    and     walnut*  n 

•    tin- 

appearand  ng  out  i 

The 
which  surroui 

;  imons   i\ 
so  n .  ii  |f  the  ancient  Greek 

itors.      ;  if  it, 

broken     into     mas  i  -.     |  resenting 
every  wherctbe  semblance  ol  r 
renders  this  valley  delightful  : 
.'er   who   is  pleased 

Upon  gaining  the  summit, 
ing  wall         .  Is 
to  the   next  \ill:i^c,   to  which  the 
descent    is  so         p,   I  hat  it   i- 
without  ll  lifficullj 

arrive  at  it  without 
■path   i>  only   a  few    incln  s    v 
winding  alon 
ravines  and  j  i 
torn  of  which  the  eye  cam 
in  many  pla 
this  slender    security  against 
struct  ion  is  worn  away  by  the  r 
rendering  it  equally  difficult   I 

IS  and  horsemen.     In- 
.    the    inexperienced    ira\ 
his  only  security   in  tin-      g 
implicitly    to  the 
stinct  o.'   his  horse,  which,  ac 
tomed  tut  lie  ground,  scrambk  - 
i  lie  chasms  with  perfet 
J  l  2  (  To  be  continue 


363 


LETTERS  FROM  NORTH  AMERICA. 


LETTER    II. 


Halifax,  Nova^Scotia,  July  l6,  130(5. 

Dear  M. 
When  I  closed  my  last  epistle, 
I  was  prevented  from  writing  you 
more  at  that  period,  by  the  arrival 
of  the  mail  from  New- York,  for 
England  ;  I  therefore  resume  my 
descriptive  observations  taken  in 
this  place,  and  send  them  for  your 
information  and  amusement. 

I  am  now  enabled  to  give  you 
some  idea  of  the  climate  at  Halifax, 
which  is  not  so  severe  as  at  many  of 
the  inland  towns  in  North  America, 
situated  nearly  under  the  same  pa- 
rallel of  latitude.  The  summer  is 
generally  six  weeks  longer  than  at 
Quebec,  in  Canada,  or  the  cities  of 
St.  John  and  Fredericton,  in  New 


namely,  a  fortnight  in 

and  a  month    in  the 

fall  of  the  year 


nor 


Brunswick ; 
the  spring, 
autumn,  or 
does  the  thermometer,  in  the  se- 
verest weather  (as  I  understand), 
ever  fall  so  low,  or  remain  so  long 
at  severe  frost,  as  at  the  latter  places. 
The  inhabitants  reckon  upon  five 
months  of  severe  winter  ;  but  the 
weather  is  neither  so  bad,  nor  the 
cold  so  intense,  as  to  preclude  their 
going  abroad  :  on  the  contrary, 
winter  is  looked  to  as  the  season 
of  festivity  and  amusements.  Their 
parties,  during  this  season  (which 
they  term  gregories),  cannot  be 
surpassed  for  mirth  and  pleasantry, 
and  constitute  a  leading  feature  in 
the  hospitable  attentions  of  the 
people  in  general  to  all  those  who 
seek  a  temporary  residence,  or  are 
called  amongst  them  either  by  duty 
or  business.  The  heat,  however, 
is  excessive  in  summer  ;  the  ther- 
mometer, at  the  latter  end  of  the 


month  of  July,  rises  above  90°  even 
iix  the  shade.  At  this  season  also, 
thunder-storms  are  frequent  and  tre- 
mendous, though  seldom  attended 
with  any  dangerous  consequences. 
These  extremes  are  not  productive 
of  many  diseases;  and  a  regular 
mode  of  living,  with  bodily  com- 
forts and  warmth  in  the  winter  sea- 
son, acts  as  a  preventive  to  all 
diseases.  As  to  epidemics,  they  are 
not  known  in  this  place  ;  and  great 
longevity  is  by  no  means  uncom- 
mon, though  the  usual  signs  of  a 
premature  old  age  are  almost  uni- 
versal. 

The  culture  of  the  country  is  well 
understood,  and  consists  principally 
in  Indian  meal,  buck-wheat,  some 
rye,  and  small  quantities  of  flax, 
which  I  have  observed  on  some  of 
the  farms.  The  meadows  are  well 
laid  down,  extremely  rich  and  lux- 
uriant, and  the  overflow  of  the  waters 
from  the  smaller  rivers  in  the  spring 
of  the  year,  serves  as  a  capital  ma- 
nure to  enrich  the  soil,  which  pro- 
duces the  most  abundant  quantities 
of  sweet  and  sound  hay  ;  but  that 
which  grows  on  the  deepest  soil 
they  consider  best  for  cattle,  and 
distinguish  it  by  the  appellation  of 
"  timothy  hay." 

Horticulture  is  also  generally  un- 
derstood at  Halifax,  and  the  town 
is  almost  surrounded  with  gardens, 
the  productions  of  which  arrive  at 
great  perfection.  Melons  grow  in 
abundance,  and  the  apples  are  in 
general  of  an  exquisite  and  peculiar 
kind. 

In  a  commercial  point  of  view, 
Halifax  must  be  considered  as 
highly  important ,  it  is  the  depot 


ON    Till      (  oWLKA  I     I  I    \  I     op     HAVKRt.Pli'    r.FFP.CT*. 


at distribution  for  the  northern  pro- 
vinces of  America,  having  u  ahuu- 
dant  meani  of  ^ ■  1 1  ►! »< »rt  fix  an  In- 
creating  population,  and  trading 
with  craft  and  vessels  of  all  descrip- 
tions  to   (lie    different    cities  of   the 

United  Slates,  the   East  and  West 

Indies,  and  loalniosl  all  parts  oflhc 
world. 

The  mannen  of  the  inhabitant! 

are  highly  social,  kind,  and  bene- 
volent, though  not  approaching  to 
that  state  of  elegance  SO  predomi- 
nant in  the  metropolis  of  Great  Hri- 
la in.  To  v  laiton  they  are  uncom- 
monly civil  and  botpitable  ;  and  it 
is  worthy  of  remark,  that,  inde- 
pendent of  the  masonic  vocict  \  of 
the  town,  there  are  tour  others  tor 
(he  relict' of  the  distressed  stranger, 
viz.  the  English,  Irish,  Scotch, 
and  foreign  societies,  supported  by 

voluntary  contributions,  (he  funds 
of  ■  liicli  are  in  the  most  flourishing 
state,  and  ready  on  all  occasions  to 


!>r  distributed   rrataitoosly    to  nil 
whom  i,    misfortune, 

sliipw  re,  kj  nr  any  oth<  i 

send  amongst  the  inhabitants  ot  II    - 

lifax  ;  who,  with  a  humanity        I 

benevolence  almost  peculiar  to  them- 
selves,   ne\(|   mill,  r    the   ^ r ,  ,,,-,-,   u, 

pine  in  wretchedness,  or  the 

!  or  unloitiinate  io  laboui 
der  the  additional  Calamity  of  want. 

Truly  may  it  in-  mid  oi  theat 

neroiis  and  hospitable  people,  that 
they  are  never  more  happy  than 
nhen  relieving  the  distressed,  and 
Wiping  the  tear  of  atilictiuii  from  the 
(heck  of  the  Miftercr. 

Being  under  orders  for  removal 
with  my  regiment  to  Fredericton, 
f  shall  conclude  rn\  present  letter, 
promising  you  a  description  ot'  all 
particulars  in  my  next  :  and  Bl 
iiiir  you,  dear  Iff.  how  very  sincerely 
I  remain  vour  attached  friend, 

R. 


ON  Tiff:  CONCEALMENT  OF  RANKRITTS'  EFFECTS. 


Mr.   EniTOB, 

Is  reply  to  the  questions  of 
"  Straight  FonwAUD,"  as  in- 
serted in  page  896  of  your  last  num- 
ber of  the  Repository)  I  beg  leave 
to  give  the  following  answers,  as  a 
commercial  correspondent  and  a 
constant  reader  : 

To  the  1st  question,  I  give  it  as 
my  opinion,  that  the  mercantile  ! 
dealer,  chapman,  or  tradesman,  w  ho 
will  knowingly  seller  the  goods,  or| 
any  other  description  of  property, 
belonging  to  a  bankrupt,  to  be  se- 
creted in  his  cellars,  stores,  or  even 
on  his  premises,  for  the  purpose  of 
defrauding  honest  creditors,  is  guilty 
ot  an  equal  breach  of  the  laws  with 
the  fraudulent  bankrupt  he  acts  in,; 


collusion  with;  which  breach  con- 
stitutes a  /'< /<.»///,  and  .  d>lv 
(o  the  bankrupt  laws,  punishable 
by  transportation. 

To  the  2d.  No  honest  mercantile 
dealer  would  purchase  the  secreted 
goods  or  other  property  of  a  bank- 
rupt, 01  receive  them  knowingly  ; 
nor  would  he  assist  in  secreting 
them:  which  property,  under  cir- 
cumstance-of  this  nature,  must  be 
considered  in  the  light  of  stolen 
-  .•  and,  of  course,  all  the  pe- 
nalties annexed  become  due  to  I 
who  will  receive  or  secret  the  like. 

To   the    Sd.       Depraved    in 
position,  and  lost  to  all  character 
indeed,  must  that  mercantile  d< 
appear,  who  will,   under  auy  cir- 


"0 


ANSWER     RELATIVE    TO    BOILING    TAR, 


cumstance  whatever,  countenance 
tlie  escape  of  a  bankrupt,  or  assist 
him,  by  aid  and  design,  to  abscond 
feloniously  from  his  creditors  and 
the  king' 8  dominions:  such  an  un- 
principled person  incurs  an  equal 
degree  of  guilt  with  the  delinquent 
who  absconds,    deserves   the    most 


exemplary  and  marked  punishment 
I  -r  his  crimes,  and  would  (if  pro- 
secuted), under  the  bankrupt  laws, 
be  found  guilty  as  a  felon,  and 
transported  for  life. 

Your's,  &c. 


J.  If.  R. 


Sudbury,  May  9,  180J). 


Sin, 

Ox  a  visit  which  I  some  time 
>aid  to  R***    I  had  occasion 


since  ptn^  w  ....  , 
to  witness  what  appeared  to  me  an 
extraordinary  mode  of  cure  of  that 
cutaneous  disease  in  the  face,  which 
the  humorous  knight  of  our  immor- 
tal dramatist  could  never  see  with- 
out "  thinking  upon  hell-fire,  and 
Dives  that  lived  in  purple."  On 
entering  my  inn,  I  was  ushered  into 
a  room,  where  I  beheld  a  gentle- 
man, whose  face  was  so  highly  il- 
luminated, that  he  might  also  have 
passed  for  "  a  knight  of  the  burning 
lamp,"  reclined  upon  a  sofa.  A 
man  in  black,  with  a  monstrous 
periwig,  stood  near  his  head,  hold- 
ing a  flint  and  steel  in  his  hands. 
Scarcely  had  I  taken  a  seat,  when 
the  latter,  whom  I  afterwards  found 
to  be  a  doctor  of  physic,  com- 
menced his  operation,  and  kept 
striking  fire  for  a  full  quarter  of  an 
hoar  upon  the  face  of  the  patient, 
who  was  obliged  to  shut  his  eyes. 
This  method  of  proceeding  he  was 


A  MEDICAL  QUERY. 

TO  THE  EDITOR. 

shewing  to  a  servant  of  the  hitter, 
and  directed  him  to  perforin  this 
operation  on  his  master's  face  twice 
a  day,  and  to  be  careful  to  perform 
it  with  the  same  dexterity  as  he 
did.    While  the  doctor  was  ^ivinjr 


these  instructions,  his  right  hand 
slipped,  and  he  gave  the  patient 
such  a  violent  blow  with  the  flint 
on  the  nose,  that  the  blood  gushed 
from  it  in  a  stream. 

Passing  through  the  same  place 
about  half  a  year  afterwards,  I  saw 
the  same  gentleman  again,  but  his 
face  had  not  the  same  fiery  ap- 
pearance as  before.  This  case,  on 
the  authenticity  of  which  you  may 
rely,  I  have  transmitted,  in  the 
hope  that  some  of  your  mcdic:d 
readers  or  correspondents  will  fa- 
vour me  with  their  opinion  respect- 
ing this  remedy  ;  and  inform  me  in 
what  way  the  sparks  from  a  flint 
and  steel  can  operate  as  a  cure  for 
the  disease  in  question. 

J  am  your's,  Sec. 

Enquirer. 


—4"  ■•  J'"lf'—f 


ANSWER  TO  THE  ENQUIRY  RELATIVE  TO  BOILING  TAR. 


Mr.  Editor, 

In  the  last  number  of  your 
valuable  Repository,  I  observe  a 
letter  from  W.  A.  M.  of  Portsmouth. 


respecting  a  remarkable  propertj 
of  boiling  tar.  it  appears  to  me, 
that  the  querist  has  somehow  been 
deceived  as   to  the   experiment  he 


AMI  T  I  A   S     III  I  I!  I.    i  I   : 


•571 


witnessed    ;ii    the    hemp-house   Ii 
Portsmouth-yard  —  I   mean 
die  time  the  man  actually  had  his 
hand    and   arm   immersed    in    « !"«■ 
boiling    lai  ;    and    do  doubt  this 
wm  done  to  ex<  ite  his  wonder,  i 
a  legerdemain  trick  is    performed 
liv  a  jugj  lei .     The  fact,  bowevei  ■ 
of  the  man  actually  immersing  hi 
arm  in  the  boiling  fluid,    1  bj  do 
means  intend  to  denj  ,  baying  mj  - 
seU  Beeu  it  repeatedly  done  l>\  sail- 

o  excite  the  curiosity  of  sti 
ei  .  and  obtain  from  them  a  little 
monej  to  re  jale  themselves  \\  ith 
their  favourite  beverage.  Their 
mode  of  doing  ii  19  this  :— they 
Completely  cover  the  hand  and  arm 
with  slush  or  tallow  (for  if  a  single 
spot  i>  Ifl'i  uncovered,  ii  will  be 
!)tirni),  and  then,  without  further 
preparation,  thrust  their  arm  fe  u- 
lessly  into  the  boiling  cauldron. 
The  grease,  by  forming  a  kind  of 
sheath,  prevents  the  tar  from  touch- 

the  skin,  and  the  arm  i>  -u i:h- 
<!:  iwn  quick  enough  t<»  ensure  its 
being  uninjured  by  the  heat.     Ji  is 


more  than  probable  that  thr  monks, 

u hen  the  ii ial  bj  oidral 

foi  the  Bt4  ertainii  •  <- 1 1 1 1 1  or 

innoo  ii<  e  "i  act       d  i  u 

and  practised  -ohm-  sim  Ii  preventive 

upon  i  ha  ,-  *  horn,  cithci   fi 

clination  ot  by  the  infiui 

l»i  ibe,  they  \\  ished  to  •  ive  from  the 

effects  of  red  li"f   iron.     I 

known    that   the   oil    of  sulphur, 

rubbed  upon  the  hand,  a  ill  permit 

the  person  using  it  to  handle  it  w ith 

impunit)  :  and  ii   is  probable  that 

they  knew   something  equally  <-lii- 

.  Hi  ii  i  to  i  icure  the  ec<  used  from 

boiling  v  ater. 

Perhaps,  could  the  practice  of  our 

1,  it  would   !>'•  found 

to  originate  \\ nli  the  monks ;  and 

by  them  also,    it   is   probable  tin* 

,  majority  of  tricks  now  practised  by 

!  slight-of-hand  men,  wen-  inv<  i 

to  impose  upon  the  credulous,  and 

blind  t;  "it. 

1  am,  Si  n, 
Your  humble  servant, 
J.  11.  R. 


AMELIA'S  LETTERS. 


LETTER    III 


My  di  ar  and  ever  honoured  Mo 

Yo\  ;;  last  halfdozen  lines  afforded 
me  inexpressible  pleasure,  forthey 
brought  me  the  entire  approbation  of 
your  ;  and  the  consciousness 

that  I  endeavour  to  deserve,  ■with 
the  certainty  that  1  have  obtained 
it,  afford  it  a  satisfaction  far 

superior  to  that  a  Inch  i  receive  from 
all  the  amusements,  pleasures,  and 
flattering  circumstances  which  at- 
tend me  here  ;  and  1  do  not  pretend 
to  be  insensible  to  them.  I  see  all 
Ui.it  ib  best  and  moat  attractive  in 


this  great  world  of  pride, 

.  and  fashion.    I  am  accompa- 
nied in  my  pi  j  the  mi 
perienced  guides;  by  persons  who 
are  well  acquainted  with  the 
graphy  of   the  country, 
guage,  laws,               .  . 
In  short,  tfa  !  mosl 
in  the  gi 

ever  ready  to  instruct  me  :  and  I 
have  the  never-failing  vigilance  of 
guardians,  re  perfectly  qua- 

lified to  keep  i. if  in  the  right  \ 
and  to  give  me  a  clue  bj  whi      I 


375 


AMELIA S    THIRD    LETTER. 


may  pass  ih rough  the  labyrinth  of 
pleasure,  without  losing  ray  way 
amidst  its  mazes  and  meanders. — 
But,  greatly  as  I  feel  myself  in- 
debted to  them,  and  advantageous 
as  their  counsels  have  been  and  are 
to  me,  I  experimentally  know  that 
it  is  to  my  dearest  mother  I  owe  the 
great  protecting  influence  which  ac- 
tually preserves  me  from  the  de- 
lusive dangers  of  this  dominion  of 
pleasure.  It  is  the  talisman  which 
she  has  hung  around  my  heart,  that 
protects  me  from  the  magic  in- 
fluence of  the  fashionable  world, 
and  keeps  the  demons  of  the  ton 
from  succeeding  in  their  mischiefs 
against  me. 

I  maintain  the  habitual  solicitude 
to  unfold  my  secret  thoughts  to 
you, — and  that  anxiety  increases  ia 
proportion  as  they  may  deviate, 
however  trifling  that  deviation  may 
be,  from  the  native  purity  to  which 
you  have  formed  the  mind  of  your 
daughter; — and  I  must  acknow- 
ledge, my  dearest  mother,  that 
there  have  been  moments,  I  trust 
they  were  only  moments,  when  1 
have  felt  myself  infected  by  the 
influenza  of  pleasure.  When  such 
powerful  attacks  are  made  by  the 
united  efforts  of  wealth,  art,  and 
taste  on  the  youthful  heart,  and 
worked  up  and  prepared  as  they 
are  by  the  genii  of  fashion,  they 
arc  not  to  be  resisted  by  common 
means  or  with  ordinary  auxiliaries. 
Many  of  the  ftles  that  are  given 
in  this  great  town,  would  answer  to 
thedescription  of  allegorical  poetry. 
I  have  been  present  at  scenes  of 
luxurious  entertainment,  in  a  street 
of  London,  which  might  have  been 
represented  by  the  inventive  muse 
of  such  a  poet  as  Spenser,  as  a 
bower  of  pleasure,  formed  by  the 


ministers  of  that  goddess  to  charm, 
to  delude,  and,  J  had  almost  said,  to 
destroy.  The  sounds  of  delicious 
music,  the  voices  of  the  singing 
men  and  the  singing  women,  the 
animating  gaiety  of  the  dance,  the 
elegant  splendour  of  decoration,  in 
which  invention  is  exhausted,  and 
the  luxury  of  the  banquet : — these, 
when  combined  with  the  brilliant 
display  of  company,  in  all  the  al- 
lurements of  dress,  with  joy  in  every 
heart,  and  smiles  on  every  coun- 
tenance : — when  a  mind  is  so  pre- 
pared by  expectation  for  enjoy- 
ment, and  the  enjoyment  is  sanc- 
tioned by  the  presence  of  those, 
whose  authority  may  be  thought  to 
sanction  every  thing  of  which  they 
themselves  partake  ;  —  with  such 
a  cornucopia  of  pleasure  poured 
forth  before  them,  how  is  it  possi- 
ble for  the  young  and  the  gay  to 
resist  the  fascination  ? — And  when 
they  follow  quick  one  upon  another, 
and  form  a  kind  of  routine  of  plea- 
sure; is  it  a  subject  for  wonder, 
that  the  mind  should  be  relaxed 
into  dissipation,  and  that  habits 
should  succeed,  which,  to  say  no 
worse,  belie  the  understanding  ? 

I  must  confess,  my  dearest  mo- 
ther, that  J,  your  Eliza,  have 
found  myself  in  a  delirium,  where 
I  will  not  say  my  reason  has  been 
lost, — but  where  I  have  suffered  a 
partial  intoxication  of  it.  I  have 
been  in  a  situation  where  I  have 
thought  of  nothing  but  the  delusive 
objects  around  me  ;  where  my  spi- 
rits have  felt  a  new  and  a  delightful 
kind  of  exhilaration; — where  every 
serious  thought  was  banished,  and 
all  reflection  lost  in  a  kind  of  wild 
sensation  of  joy.  But  while  I  ac- 
knowledge the  passing  dream,  I 
declare  my  perfect  subjection  to  tho 


AMFI.IA   -i    TIM  It  I)     I.I. 


talismanic  power  which  could  <i i*-- 

04  rse  il  in  B.  moment.  II,  in  ;i  t.n 
wildrr  1 1  ile  of  JOYOUS    hurry  llian  I 

have  ei  1 1  bi '  ii,  .in y  ..iir  had  whis- 
pered one  certain  magic  word — ai 
by  an  elm  in.  shot  kj  Ibe  dream 
would  bare  vanished  in  an  instant) 
the  gaudj   <  cm  ■  atiom  of  fancied 

JOV  \V(»ii!(|    piss   away    like  the    me- 

<.t  the  .iir,  and  all  my  better 
thoughts  and  puresl  scntin 
which  bad  been  affrighted)  ai  i' 
went,  from  their  ua  tire  abode,  would 
rally  bark  to  ii,  and  smile  in  triumph 
there. — Need  I  add,  thai  this  magic 
word  ii,  mo  mm  a. 
I  baft  ■  proof  ai  hand. — 
The  night  before  last  I  was  at 
one  of  these  entertainments,  where, 
amidst  all  its  elegance,  there  wai 
£ood  sense  enough  employed)  to 
render  the  number  of  the  company 
conformable  <o  the  dimensions  <>t 
the  apartments ;  o  proportion  which 
i->  id.)  seldom  observed  :  so  that  t<> 
all  the  fine  epithets  which  might 
have  been  appropriately  applied  to 
it,  thai  <>f  <  SUl/bl  table  might  be  su- 
peradded. Here,  J  happened  to 
be  seated  at  supper  in  the  midst  of 
my  acquaintance ;  and  gay  we  were 
as  pay  could  be,  and  1  was  among 
the  gayest  of  (hem.      When  Lady 

Elisabeth ,  whose  vivacity 

I  ,'.d  helped  to  exhilarate  me,  ex- 
claimed, on  a  Midden,  4'  Vittoiin! 
I  trim  !  The  town  has  <  otV- 
q'iercd  the  country  at  la^t.  and 
my  dear  Amelia  will  now  prefer 
blanched  almonds  to  acorn-.  — 
Henceforward,  I  perceive,  she  will 
leave  the  country  oaks  to  the  coun- 
try pips." — This  exclamation  so- 
bered n\e  in  a  moment.  The  id  i 
of  the  oaks  bore  me  at  once  to  that 
venerable  mansion  which  is  shaded 
bv  them,  and  to  my  dearest  mother. 
No.  VI     Vol  J. 


wli.»  1 1  the  inhabitant  of  it.  I 

•  -l  .it  in\  w  it(  h - 
bastes*  d   to   join   my    annt,    a  if  ti 
a  bom  1  remained  till 
depart. 

Hui  even}  if  thi 
cumstance  bad  not  bappei 

w  is  |    iipi  i  i..i  powei  l«  hind,  H 

would    have   efli  <  I  1 illj    1  ' 

me  from  eaj    foolish  impi 
fanciful  rei  eries,  or  giddy  thoughts; 

and  thiil  is  the  UuSj  get  ofeSM  ii   • 

life  before  J  n  tin-  to  rest.  This 
diii\ .  m  hicfa  has  becD)  from  say  in- 
fant years)  so  habitual  to  me,  and 
has  ii'-vi  1  r<>  be  enforced  by 

you.  as  a  most  essentj 
office,  to  the  moment  of  my  If  I 
departure  from  yon,  is  an  admir- 
able ipejoific  in  folly,  a  fine  re- 
storative in  weakness,  1  soothing 
calmant  of  passion,  and  a  benign 
protection  from  evil.  After  the 
solemn  performance  of  this  pious 
pleasing  rite,  I  feel,  whatever  has 
formed  the  enjoyment  of  the  j  I  - 
ceding  day,  as  if  I  had  never  been 
from  your  side. 

But   to    return    to  mv  subject. — - 
These  entertainments  are  produced 

by  vanity  alone.  They  cannot  pos- 
sibly be  traced  to  any  oth  r  origin. 
A  gentleman,  where  we  were  visiting 
this  morning)  having  given  the  de- 
scription of  some  very  fine  house 
which  was  lately  finished,  a  ladv 
instantly  ex<  lainted, — u  Othat  the 
house  were  nine,   for  I  Then 

have  all  London  at  my  fret  !  —  I 
would  give  such  a  gal  1  a 
till  my  porter's  book  with  everv 
name  of  title  and  <  on^-quence  in  the 
court  calendar." — It  is.  Lad 
this  love  of  fashionable  consequence 
alone    which 

splendid    assemblies.      Ft 
cannot  have  the  least  com 


AMELIA  S    THIRD    LETTER. 


for  it  often  happens,  that  half  (lie 
company  at  least  which  attend 
these  solemnities,  are  not  known  to 
the  priestess  ^  ho  presides  at  the  al- 
tar, while  the  good  man  who  pays 
for  the  hecatombs  is  only  considered 
as  one  of  the  croud  of  votaries  ;  and 
if,  on  the  very  next  day,  he  were  met 
by  sue'i  of  the  company  with  whom 
be  had  not  a  previous  acquaint- 
ance, he  would  scarcely  be  con- 
sidered as  a  subject  tor  recognition, 
if  they  happened  to  know  his  per- 
son, whjch  it  is  more  than  probable 
might  not  be  the  case  with  many  of 
them  :  so  that  what  begins  in  va- 
nity, as  far  as  my  observation  ex- 
tends, or  my  intelligence  reaches, 
ends  in  vexation  of  spirit.  I  will 
relate  to  you,  for  your  amusement, 
a  curious  example  of  fashionable 
folly  which  enlivened  and  amused 
the  circles  of  fashion  during  the  last 
spring. 

A  very  opulent  citizen,  who  was 
already  a  member  of  parliament, 
Lad  the  ambition  to  figure  as  a  man 
of  fashion.  He  accordingly  took 
a  very  fine  house  at  this  end  of  the 
town,  and  having  fitted  it  up  in  a 
a  very  splendid  manner,  the  next 
step  was  to  collect  a  society  suitable 
to  it.  This,  he  understood,  was  to 
be  accomplished  by  his  caret  sposas 
mt  parties;  and  he  determined 
to  begin  by  a  masquerade,  whose 
dclat  was  to  induce  the  leading  cha- 
racters of  the  ion  to  appear  at  his 
door.  The  preparations  for  this 
superb  entertainment  were  carefully 
announced  by  all  fashionable  means ; 
and  cards  of  admission  were  issued 
to  all  the  recorded  visitors,  and 
such  members  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons to  whom  parliamentary  busi- 
ness had  made  him  known,  with  a 
few  persons  of  title,  &c.  to  which  the 


accidental  jostle  of  summer  water- 
ing-places had  introduced  him,  so 
that  altogether  there  was  a  promise 
of  a  pretty  sprinkle  of  company 
for  the  present  season,  while  the 
whole  fashionable  world  would  thus 
be  decoyed  for  the  following  winter. 
A  noble  lord,  however,  who  was  a 
perfect  stranger  to  the  parties,  hav- 
ing an  inclination  to  partake  of  the 
festivity,  sent  a  card  of  requisition 
for  half  a  dozen  tickets  for  himself 
and  family.  This  circumstance 
rather  alarmed  the  pride  and  les- 
sened the  consequence  of  both  the 
gentleman  and  the  lady  :  and  an  an- 
swer was  accordingly  returned,  that 
the  cards  of  admission  were  confined 
to  those  names  which  were  found  in 
the  porter's  book.  This  piece  of 
pride  had  well  nigh  proved  too  fatal 
to  the  splendour  of  the  entertain- 
ment ;  for  it  was  very  soon  found, 
(hat  in  consequence  of  this  refusal, 
there  was  an  absolute  canvas  mak- 
ing among  the  persons  of  fashion, 
who  had  been  invited,  to  prevent 
their  accepting  the  invitation  ;  so 
that  no  alternative  was  left  but  to 
admit  all  the  world  to  the  fete,  or 
to  waste  its  magnificence  on  the 
small  circle  of  their  own  acquaint- 
ance. The  former,  of  course,  was 
preferred,  and  as  the  invitations 
now  flew  all  oyer  the  town,  all  the 
town  flew  to  them  ;  and  this  gala 
was  the  most  splendid  shew  of  the 
season.  But  as  this  gentleman  had 
been  in  the  habit  of  calculating 
profit  and  loss,  he  recurred  to  it  on 
the  present  occasion,  and  deter- 
minded  it  should  be  his  first  and 
last  venture  in  the  commerce  of 
fashionable  life. 

A  lady,  a  Mrs.  B ,  a  very 

pleasing,  amiable  woman,  a  Tun- 
bridge  acquaintance  of  my  aunt's, 


.•mini- )  ui  exceedingly  last  night, 
l>v  giving,  with  great  good -humour 
;iik1  pleasantry,  an  account  of  i 
similar   folly    of   hef  own.      Mr. 

H had   Blade  n   rery   lai 

fort  arte  in  the  \ .  ist  Indies,  and,  on 

their    return    to     I  !ngl  tnd    to   i 

if,  nade  their  \\  intei  •  in  h 

very  handsome  house  in   one  ofthc 
M|n  ires ;    and,    haying    mi  ' 
qua  in  ta  nee    with    ;i     broken-down 
woman    <»('  Fashion   ;;i    Bath,    this 

us  w  friend  persuaded  Mrs.  II 

to  introduce  herself  at  once  into  high 
life,  by  giving  a  ball 
;i  select  party;  and  she  undertook 
*  liat  it  should  be  attended  by  p  arsons 
of  the  first   distinction.     Noi 
she  fail  of  accomplishing  li  sr  pro- 
mi  e  :   hut  none  of  the  c  high 
pre  would  engage  to  attend  it  unless 
they  had  a  certain  number  of 
to  distribute  among  their  own  par- 
ticular   friends.      The    condition 
could  not    be   refused,   and 
amounted,  altogether,   to  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy  ;  so  that  pooi 
Mrs.   B ,    whose   house,  ac- 
cording to  the  style  of  the  entertain- 
ment^ would  not  aecommod  .  !  more 
than  one  hundred  and  eighty  per- 
sons, could  only  admit  ten  persons 
to  her    ball    whom  she    had 
spoken  to  before.     The  great  folks, 
it  is  true,  curtsied  most  gracefully  to 
her,  as  they  entered  the  apartmi 
and,      on     their    departure,    they 
thanked  her,  with  great  cordiality, 
for  the  delightful  party,  and  hoped 
.she  would    favour  them    an  It  1*  just 
such  another  the  next  winter;  and 
this,  with  the  liberty  of  leaving  her 
name  at  their  doors,  was  all  si. 
for  the  live  hundred  pounds  lav 
on  (he   occasion.     To   which,   in- 
deed,    she     observed,     might    i>< 
added,  the  reproaches  and  ridicule 


of  li   r  <)'.'.  n  p. 

qnaii 

eluded.     To   n  pair, 

her  ball  toll  id  to 

invite  us  to  i:  f  hrr 

.   "  And  BUCll, 

:'\   lie  the 

end,  ofmj  i  in  (hechron 

of  rashio 

pel    will   al- 

and  which  was  to  the  full  i 
Hon-  hich    I    ! 

ribed.     ! 

,  and  in 

the  first  place,  thn  many 

people  were  invited  house 

could  late  in  the 

\s]\  ofsnpi  d,  therefore,  three 

suppers  were  !,  whirl)  were 

to  succeed  each  other.     This  i 

contrivaa    .  i  willpei 

of  special  pr<  nswered 

fully    to    its    e-  at.       The 

drawing-room  apartments  v 

soon  so   com;  '"d,  that 

dancing  was  impi 

not  e.  So 

(he  hall :    and  when  the  fir 

.   M  ho 

at  hand,   took  f  it,  and 

your  daughter   w  of  them  : 

v.nd  i:i  consequence  of  the 

of  fresh    arr;.\  vcrv 

room, 

■ 

'  be  ch  . 
re  pi 

•its,    from  th 

•(led 
from 
that    why       I 

cat.   tl  equally 

D2 


376 


ANSWLH    TO    A    MUSICAL    QUERV. 


morons  for  something  to  drink  ;  and 
thus  we  remained  immovable  and 
half  stifled,  till  a  large  portion  of 
the  company  had  taken  their  leave. 
In  short,  when  the  second  supper 
was  served,  there  was  no  one  left  to 
eat  it.  And  thus  ended  the  splendid 
scene  of  waste,  folly,  and  extrava- 
gance, without  having  afforded  sa- 
tisfaction to  an  human  being  but  the 
cooks  and  confectioners  who  had 
provided  it.  The  lady  of  the  house, 
as  I  have  heard,  sat  up  stairs  cry- 
ing with  vexation,  and  had  the  sa- 
tisfaction of  hearing  herself  and 
lier  arrangements  treated  w  ith  the 
most  unceremonious  disapprobation. 
At  five  in  the  morning  we  returned 
home,  and  except  a  few  rents  in  my 
dress,  which,  indeed,  amounted  to 
u  total  demolition  of  it,  I  suffered 


no  inconvenience.    My  friend,  lady 

Elizabeth ,  caught  a  violent 

cold  ;  and,  when  I  found  her  in 
that  affliction,  it  was  impossible  for 
me  not  to  renew  my  warfare  with 
her,  on  the  topic  of  a  town  life,  its 
rational  pleasures,  and  delightful 
consequences :  when  she  abused  me 
for  my  robust,  vulgar,  country 
health  ;  and  said  she  had  now  lost 
all  hopes  of  my  ever  acquiring  the 
elegant  languor  of  a  woman  of 
fashion.  That  is  an  improvement, 
which  I,  most  certainly,  do  not 
wish  to  attain  ;  and  I  trust,  that 
when  I  shall  return  to  my  native 
home,  my  dear  and  ever  honoured 
mother  will  find  me,  in  every  re- 
spect, what  I  was  when  she  last 
embraced  her  most  dutiful  and 
affectionate  Amelia. 


ANSWER  TO  A  MUSICAL  QUERY. 
TO  THE  EDITOR. 


Sin, 

You  it  correspondent,  Philo- 
phonus,  at  page  2G5  of  your  fourth 
number,  expresses  his  doubts  whe- 
ther the  ratio  ?,  or  |f,  expresses 
the  true  Major  Third  in  music  :  as- 
signing no  other  reason  for  such 
doubts,  than  that  the  repetition  four 
times  of  the  true  Fifth,  whose  ratio 
he  admits  to  be  \  (deducting  two  oc- 
taves, whose  ratio  is  {),  produces 
;},  that  is,  \  XjX  f  X  |  Xf  x  i=if, 
which  is  the  comma  redundant  Ma- 
jor Third  instead  of  the  true  Major 
Third.  In  the  process,  for  satisfy- 
ing himself  of  the  above  truth,  Phi- 
lophonus  must  have  observed,  as 
all  correct  writers  on  this  subject 
have  observed,  that  the  addition  of 
musical  intervals  is  effected  by  the 

plication  of  the  terms  express- 


ing their  ratios,  and  subtraction  of 
intervals  by  the  division  (or  inverted 
multiplication)  of  their  terms  ;  and 
yet,  in  assigning  the  difference  be- 
tween this  tempered  Third,  and 
the  true  third  U  and  «,  he  reduces 
them  to  a  common  denominator,  viz. 
i$  and  jgg  ;  and  subtracting  them, 
says,  that  the  former  is  less  than 
the  latter  by  & ;  which  ratio,  instead 
of  expressing  a  small  interval  (fj), 
which  is  the  real  difference  of  these 
two  Thirds,  expresses  an  interval 
which  exceeds  six  Octaves  by  a  su- 
perfluous sharp  Fifth  !  or  |  x  \  x  f 
\  x  \  x  jx&i.  Whereas,  had  he 
proceeded  thus,  \\  x  i=li,  he  would 
have  discovered  that  the  former  in- 
terval is  larger  that  the  latter  by  a 
major  comma. 
I  should  not  have  troubled  you 


ON    THE    WA«TE    Of    AC  MM  I    LTURAL     PJ 


377 


herewith,  if  .-in  rndll  iiln.il,  who  il 
■apposed  to  be  fe  irrcii  proficlenl  in 
science,  had  dcH  recently  fallen  into 

a  similar  mistake,  and  e\cn  per- 
sisted in  i(  (see  Philosophical    fcffl- 

,    ,     No.    I--',    Vol.    XXX  III. 

p.  894);  bj  whose  example,  others 

might  be  led  into  similar  mistaken, 
in  calculating  innsic;il  intervals. 
In  order    to  obtain    correct    I 

of  the  distinction  between  troeand 
tampered  ooncords,  by  which  alone 

the  doubt*  of  your  correspondent 


CM  perhaps   be    r.  moved,    I  would 

recommend  him  to  <  onaoll  the 

•_r . 1 1 1 1  experiments  by  the  1  tie  Dr. 

Robinson,  (let  ii!rd  in  tie-  sh p|»l'-- 
mtnt  to  (lie  t  bird  edit  in  a  of  the  /.'//- 
(  //i  lnjtd  dm  I'litannicti,  \ol.   II.    p. 

or  Dr.  Elees'i  New  (yrlopa- 

tlid,   vol.   IX.     ait.    CoaCOrd* 
I  am,  Sin, 

\   •  1 1 r  obedl  in    '-r\  I 

1. 1 . 

amiiutcr,  Ulb  Kay,   J 


ON  THE  WA8TE  OF  AGRICULTURAL  PRODH  L. 

LBTTBB    n. 

TO   THE  EDITOR. 


Sir, 

Having  made  a  few  observa- 
tion! on  the  most  obvious  kinds  of 
waste  to  A\hieh  (lie  food  of  cattle  is 
liable,  under  the  old  system  of  feed- 
ing, I  shall  now  take  a  view  of 
the  watte  that  corn  is  subject  to, 
through  all  its  various  modes  of  I  \- 
posure,  from  the  time  of  sowing  to 
its  consumption,  beginning  with 
wheat)  us  the  principal  food  of  man 
in  South  Britain. 

"Wheat  is  deposited  in  the  earth 
for  seed  in  various  ways,  accord- 
ing  to  the  nature  of  the  toil,  or  the 
different  improved  practices  in  dif- 
ferent counties.  Some  of  these  modes 
expose  the  seed  to  more  waste  than 
others. 

On  those  soils  where  it  is  liar- 
rowed  in  upon  clover  lay,  it  is  most 
exposed  to  birds,  particularly  upon 
a  tenacious  soil.  From  its  being 
partially  covered,  much  more  « 
occurs  this  way,  than  when  the  seed 
is  ploughed  in  upon  summer  fallows, 
although  in  that  case  it  is  not  all  co- 
vered.    The  method  of  depositing 


it  with  the  drill  -  machine  learcs 
some  exposed,  besides  its  irregula- 
rity in  uneven  ground,  from  the 
seed-cups  waving  out  of  the  hori- 
zontal line,  by  which  it  discharge* 
more  from  one  inclination  than  an- 
other. 

The  best  and  most  economical 
mode  of  depositing  wheat,  is  by 
the  dibble,  upon  all  those  soils  that 
will  admit  of  it;  but  it  is  only 
adopted  for  loamy  land,  and  is 
very  partially  used  upon  clover 
lays.  The  crops  from  the  dibble 
are  always  the  most  productive, 
and  of  the  best  quality  ;  and  the 
seed  saved  will  pay  the  expences. 

We  want  a  machine  that  will  de- 
posit seed  of  all  kinds  accurately  in 
the  center  of  the  flag  orfurrow,  with- 
out breaking  its  surface  at  the  time 
the  land  is  ploughed.  By  these 
means  it  would  hare  the  best  effects 
of  the  dibble  upon  all  soils,  and  save 
some  hundred  thousand  quarters  of 
seed-corn  ever  hich  are  now 

totally  lost  to  the  country  for  the 
of  that  necessary  assistance. 


378 


BRITISH    SPORTS. 


We  have  several  kinds  of  drill-ma- 
chines for  depositing"  seed,  but  none 
that  will  do  it  accurately  on  all  soils, 
in  all  their  various  states  of  sowing. 
The  waste  thai  occurs  from  our  pre- 
sent imperfect  mode  of  depositing  j 


seed  in  the  soil,  -would  in  every  vear 
be  sufficient  to  sow  double  the  quan- 
i  tityof  land,  if  accurately  deposited, 
and  the  crops  be  much  more  pro- 
ductive. Your's,  &c. 

An  Economist. 


GROUSE. 

Tins  species  of  game  is  not, 
like  the  partridge,  dispersed  over 
the  face  of  the  whole  kingdom,  but 
is  the  native  of  some  particular  dis- 
trict in  wild  and  remote  situations. 
At  no  very  distant  period  these 
birds  were  to  be  seen  in  different 
parts  of  Wales,  as -well  as  in  the 
New  Forest,  in  Hampshire,  where 
they  are  now  very  much  reduced 
and  rarely  to  be  found,  at  least  in 
sufficient  number  to  render  the 
sport  attractive. 

In  the  northern  counties,  bor- 
dering upon  the  Tweed,  and  in  va- 
rious parts  of  Scotland,  they  are  so 
numerous,  that  many  of  the  keenest 
and  most  opulent  sportsmen  make 
very  long  and  expensive  journies 
to  satiate  themselves  with  the  di- 
version of  shooting  them. 

Grouse  are  also  known  by  the 
name  of  moor  or  heath  fowl,  from 
their  residing  chiefly  on  mountains 
and  moors,  covered  with  heath,  and 
seldom  or  never  descending  into 
the  lower  grounds.  They  fly  in 
packs  of  four  or  five  brace,  and  are 
fond  of  basking  on  the  beds  of  moss, 
especially  in  the  greatest  heat  of 
summer. 

The  species  of  dog  employed  in 
grouse-shooting  is  the  pointer.  The 
cackling  noise  of  the  cock  is  always 


Plate  25.— BRITISH  SPORTS. 

(Continued  from  page  3QS.) 

the  signal  of  alarm 


upon  the  ap- 
proach of  danger,  and  may  be 
heard  at  a  considerable  distance. — 
When  once  the  dog  has  made  his 
point,  the  cock  is  generally  the 
first  bird  on  the  wing.  As  soon  as 
the  pointer  is  observed  to  stand 
firm,  it  is  necessary  to  keep  the  eye 
attentively  forward,  for  if  the  birds 
are  perceived  to  erect  their  heads 
and  run,  it  is  considered  a  certain 
indication  that  they  will  not  lie  well 
before  the  dogs  during  that  day. 
In  this  case,  all  that  can  be  done  is 
to  head  the  dog  and  keep  pace  with 
them  if  possible,  so  as  to  be  within 
shot  when  they  rise  ;  for  if  this  ad- 
vantage be  not  taken,  many  a  long 
and  laborious  day  may  be  passed 
without  the  compensation  of  a  single 
bird. 

As  the  time  of  grouse-shooting 
commences,  by  legislative  limita- 
tion, in  the  most  sultry  season  of  the 
year  (August  12),  and  the  birds, 
as  we  have  already  observed,  are 
to  be  found  only  in  remote  parts  of 
the  country,  very  few  of  them  reach 
the  metropolis  in  such  a  state  as  to 
be  perfectly  fit  for  the  purposes  of 
the  table.  If  not  killed  remarkably 
clean,  they  are  very  soon  disposed 
to  putridity ;  and  if  intended  to  be 
sent  to  any  distance,  they  ought  to 
be  drawn  as  soon  as  convenient 
after  they  are  shot,  and  the  cavity 


t 

w 

t* 

s 

1 

N 

0 

-« 

rj 

'x 

M 

KAIl  V     INT1   T.T.I r.  i 


filled    willi    fine    heath,    or    i 
heii)  i,  foi  Hie  journej . 

'J'lie  preceding  observationi 
applicable   lo  both  the  i] 
grouse  deline  ited  in  our  ei 
which  \>e  shall  now  proceed  to 
sidcr  separately. 

i  ii  E    it  r.D    (.  iioi  II  . 

Tlii  co         ral  ly   mall- 

et than  the  |  i  •    the  weight 

of  tin*  male  being  about  ninete  n, 
and  that  of  the  female  fi  ncee. 

Though  it  is  vei  \  common  in  tliiv 
island,  in  the  same  situations  ai 
black   grouse,  if  hns   not    vet  been  ' 
observed  in  any  of  the  countries  of 
the  Continent. 

In    winter    the    red    grouje    arc 


und  in  llo.  ks,  or 
nun    term  them,    pack 

fifty,       !  .       ' 

nnd    wild,     'i 

I  , 

in  arudei  i  crand. 

The  young  brood,  which,    luring 
the  fii  .  are  c  tiled  poults 

•  in'  hea  till  the  appro  i<  h  of 

'ien    they    unite    With 

reral  othen  Into  pa 

Red  gro  isc  I,  w  ■  been  known  i.-> 
breed  in    confinement,  in  the  me* 

if  of  (lie  Lite  I): 

i  I 

re,  effected  by  her  i". 
pot-  of  heath  t<»  i 


LITERARY  INTELLK 


Mi?,  de  Lnc  is  abonl  to  pub! 
An    1  '>'>/    Treatise   i  n  ( i  ■    - 

.  (  onl  linin  ;  an  examination 
ime  modern  I  I 
terns,  ami  particularly  of  the  Hut* 
tonian  Theory  of  tine  Earth.  This 
work  is  translated  from  the  French 
manuscript  of  M.  de  Luc,  by  the 
Rev.  Henry  de  Ii  Pit*,  of  Trinity 
College,  Oxford,  and  will  form  an 
octal  0  volume. 

]\1r.  Drew,   author  of  An    I 
on  the  Immortality   and  1mm,. 
ality  of  th,  Soul3  h;;s  in  the  pi 
in  an  octavo  volume,  An  Essay  on  j 
the    ] de v tit,/   and  I ' '         - 

rr<  Hon  of  the  Human  Body. 

The  late  interesting   Campaigns 
in  Spain  and  Portugal,  are  about 
to  be  illustrated  in  a  series  ol 
ters,  by  Dr.   Adam  Nv.de,  physi- 
cian to  the  forces.     They  A\i!! 
tain  an  account  of  the  op.  i 
the  British  armies  under  Sir  Arthur 
Wellesley  and   Sir    John    M 
from  the  day  preceding  the  battle  of 


fo  the  battle  and  cm' 
ation  at  Cornnna.     The  work  will 
be  i ;  .!'•  Hi  j  hi  >i  v.  itfa  tweb  e        rav- 
ings,   by   Heath,    from   draw 
illuslrati' 
on  the  spot  by  the  author. 

:u  is  II  irdy  is  eng  i     d 
upon        '         ^  f  the  late  E  irl  of 

»nt,  inclu 
the  affairs  of  Ireland,  durii 
intci 

ho 

time. 

among  the  i       .     .   .  -  pre- 

I  lust  rat  ii 
Life  of   Cardinal    Y\ 

corruptions    in   the  church 
I  to  the  1 

• 
period  took  place    in 
system  of  Cu: 
The  R  v.   J 

I 
dilv  publi-!i  a 
r alive,  containing  an  ai  »f  his 

:t  and  i 


380 


LITERART     INTELLIGENCE, 


among  the  Jews,  the  occasion  of  his 
entering  the  Missionary  Seminary  at 
Berlin,  his  design  in  coming  to  this 
country,  and  his  labours  under  the 
patronage  of  the  Missionary  Society  : 
together  with  an  explanation  of  the 
circumstances  which  led  to  his  se- 
paration from  that  society,  and  to 
his  union  with  the  London  Society, 
for  promoting  Christianity  among 
the  Jews. 

Mr.  Frey  has  also  prepared  an 
English  Hebrew  Grammar,  which 
-will  shortly  be  published  by  sub- 
scription. 

Mr.  Greig,  of  Chelsea,  has  an- 
nounced a  work  on  Astronomy,  on 
a  new  plan,  by  which  that  science 
is  rendered  simple  and  easy.  The 
chief  constellations  arc  to  be  exhi- 
bited in  a  manner  similar  to  geo- 
graphy, on  separate  maps,  with  their 
etymology,  boundary,  &c  ;  the  stars 
of  the  fourth  magnitude  introduced, 
and  the  declination,  right  ascension, 
culminating,  &c.  of  the  principal 
star  in  each  specified,  with  remarks, 
&c. 

Mr.  Belfour  has  in  the  press  a 
metrical  romance,  in  five  cantos, 
entitled,  Spanish  Heroism,  or  the 
Bailie  of  lioncevalles. 

The  Clarendon  press  is  engaged 
on  an  edition  of  the  Ionic  Lexicon 
of  TEmilius  Portus,  designed  to  ac- 
company the  edition  of  Herodotus 
lately  published  by  Mr.  Cook. 

Mr.  Thelwall  is  preparing  for 
publication,  An  Essay  on  the 
Causes  and  probable  Consequences 
of  the.  Decline  of  Popular  Talent  ; 
addressed  to  the  serious  consider- 
ation of  those  classes  of  the  com- 
munity, the  individuals  of  which 
may  be  expected  to  aspire  to  the 
distinctions  of  the  senate  and  the 
bar,     It  will  contain  a  discussion  of 


the  principal  desiderata  in  the  pre- 
sent systems  of  liberal  education, 
and  a  delineation  of  the  characters 
of  some  of  our  great  parliamentary 
orators. 

Mr.  Thelwall  has  also  in  the  press, 
a  formal  announcement  (intended 
to  be  circulated  through  all  the  col- 
leges, public  institutions,  and  li- 
terary societies  of  the  United  King- 
dom.) of  the  plan  of  his  Institution, 
for  the  cure  of  Impediments,  Cul- 
tivation of  Oratory ,  and  Preparation 
of  youth  for  the  higher  depart- 
ments of  active  life;  together  with 
proposals  for  the  farther  extension 
of  his  system  of  instruction. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Ewing,  of  Glas- 
gow, will  speedily  publish,  at  the 
request  of  the  London  Missionary 
Society,  Essays,  addressed  to  the 
Jews,  on  the  Authority,  Scope, 
and  Consummation  of  the  Law  and 
the  Prophets. 

Mr.  Weston  has  translated  one 
of  the  imperial  poems  of  Kien  Lung, 
mentioned  by  Voltaire,  in  his  epistle 
to  that  emperor,  and  found  on  a 
china  vase  in  Mr.  Weston's  collec- 
tion. An  engraving  of  the  vase 
will  be  prefixed  to  the  work. 

Mr.  Fenton's  Tour  through  Pem- 
brokeshire is  in  the  press,  and  will 
soon  appear,  in  a  quarto  volume, 
embellished  with  views  of  all  the 
principal  seats  and  ruins,  chiefly 
drawn  by  Sir  R.  C.  Iloare.  This 
tour  is  intended  as  the  first  of  a 
series  of  tours  through  North  and 
South  Wales,  which  will  be  con- 
ducted on  the  same  plan. 

Mr.  Yorick  Wilson,  veterinary 
surgeon,  of  Lemington,  near  War- 
wick, has  in  the  press  an  improved 
practical  Treatise  on  Farriery,  en- 
titled, The  Gentleman's  Veterinary 
Monitor,     It   is   the  result   of  his 


INTELLIGENCE  DELATING  to  THE  riWE  Aiu«. 


581 


information.    Ths  wnU.  wM 
dedicated,    by   pcrmi  i   tlic 

Pi  mi  <■  <»t    \\  . t ! i   ,  \>  ill  be  embel- 
lished with  ;i  great  Miiinb'  i 
traits,  ofthe  most  dislii 

i  s  both  of  1  1 1   - 

land,  all  d  by  Heath,  from 

« * 1 1 ■  inal     paintings    <>r     dra 
w  ii  li  man  .  lih  i  of  I.  iters  BMd 

other    <  hi  urns    documents.      The 
w  hole  s  ill   form  an  inten 
lection  of  p<  litical  ti  ■,  in 

many  of  * hich  the  authoi  bore  i 
con  liderable  pari ;  and  n  ill  make 
know  ti  i"  |   ■  i    i  • .  •'  'its 

;niil  persons  of  the  most  remarkable 
political  actors  during  those  event  fal 

periods. 

In  the  press,  and  nearly  i 
tor  publication,  in  i"<>  vols.  I 
cap  Svo.  An  Account  of  the   * 

rations  of  tin    British    .tr> >//,    and 

of  the  State  and  S<  ntiments  of  the 
People    ■      P     lugtU  and  Spain t 
>  during  the  campaigns  of  1808  and  .(>, 
in  a  scries  of  Lett*  rs,  bj  the  I 

•lames     W'ilmot    Ormsby,      \ .     Id 

chaplain  on  the  staff  ofthe  are 

'J'his  work  contains  some  very  cu- 
rious and  interesting  extracts  from 
authentic  papers,  not  yetsubm  ; 
to  public  i 

New  editions,  with  considerable 
and   important  additii  I    Mr. 

Lawrence's       Philosophical     and 

Practical  Treatise  on  f/oru  I 

gency;    and  the   rebellion:    inter-  I  of  liis  General  Treatise  on  Co 
Bpersed  with  characters  and  mice-     the  Ox.  the  Sheep,  and  tht   v 
dotes   never  yet  published  : — being     are    in     their    course    through   the 
intended  as  a  curious  record  of  the     pi 

causes  and  effects  of  two  repugnant  '  

revolutions,  in  one  country,  within 
a  period  of  eighteen  years.  It  will 
be  authenticated  by  actual  proofs, 
when  within  the  author's  reach  ; 
and   in  other  cases,  reference  will 


OWn  experience  in  the  various  de- 
rases  of  horsei  ;    and  also    treats   ol 

the  \>u  eding,  training,  and  nun, 

inent  o|  (hose  auiinab. 

Dr.  Carey  has  iii  the  press  An 
i  y  and  Familiar  Introduction  to 
tsli  Prosodj/ and  Versification, 
<>•!  a  novel  but  simple  plan  ;  besidee 
descriptions  and  analyses  of  the  dif- 
ferent s|)>  cies of  I'n  lish  verse,  ^ ith 
preparatory  exercises  in  scanning. 
Ii  contains  practical  exercises  in  ver- 
sification, progressively  accommo- 
dated   tO    the  vai  ions    «  apaeilirs   ol 

% outh,  in  the  successn e  stn 

.scholastic  education  ;  the  w  hole  cal- 
culated to  produce  correctness  of 
ear,  and  taste  in  reading  and  writing 

poetry.  —  Doctor  Carey  i>  also  pre- 
paring for  the  press,  - ///  East/  In- 
troduction to  I  .at  in  Versification, 
00  a  nearly  similar  plan. 

Sir  Jonah  Barrington,  judge  of 
the  high  court  of  admiralty  of  Ire- 
land, &c.  has  put  to  the  press  His- 
toric Anecdotes,  and  Secret  M<- 
woirs,  of  the  Legislative  Union  be- 
tWt  <  n  Great  Britain  and  Jrelaud. 
— They  will  comprise  a  view  of 
Irish  affairs,  from  the  year  1780, 
particularly  of  the  I  nion,  traced 
from  its  most  remote  causes  to  those 
of  its  final  completion ;  the  interest- 
ing ana  of  (lie  volunteers  ;  the  de- 
claration oi'  independence  by  the 
Irish  parliament,  in   1782;    the  re- 


INTBLLIGEM   B    in  I    \T!>G    TO  THB 

.:  r-. 
rly  in  June   next  will  be  pub- 
lished,   in    lar<re    quarto,    the 
pan  of  a  work,  entitled,    The  Fine 
be  made  to  the  proper  sourc  Arts  of  the  English  School,  com- 


Yo.  VI.    Vol.  I. 


3E 


3S2 


INTELLIGENCE    RELATING    TO    THE    TINE    AUTS. 


prising  a  series  of  highly  finished 
engravings  from  paintings,  sculp- 
ture, and  architecture,  by  the  most 
eminent  English  artists.  Each  sub- 
ject will  be  accompanied  with  an 
ample  portion  of  letter-press,  his- 
torical, descriptive,  critical,  or 
biographical.  The  first  part  will 
contain  five  engravings. — 1.  A  por- 
trait of  John  Dunning,  Lord  Ash- 
burton,  from  a  picture  by  Sir 
Joshua  Reynolds.  2.  An  historical 
composition,  representing  Thetis 
bearing  the  armour  of  Achilles,  by 
Mr.  West.  3.  A  view  of  Lord 
Mansfield's  monument  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  by  Flaxman.  4.  An 
elevation  of  the  west  front  of  St. 
Paul's  Cathedral.  5.  A  Plan  of 
the  substructure  of  the  same  build- 
ing. The  two  last  drawn  by  Mr. 
James  Elmes.  Of  this  work  two 
editions  will  be  printed,  the  one  on 
elephant,  the  other  on  atlas  paper. 

Mr.  Thomas  Hope  will  shortly 
publish  a  collection  of  designs,  re- 
presenting the  Costume  of  the  An- 
cients. It  will  consist  of  about  160 
outline  engravings,  with  an  intro- 
duction, and  form  two  volumes, 
quarto  and  octavo. 

A  silver  medal,  designed  and  exe- 
cuted by  eminent  artists,  has  recent- 
ly been  struck  in  commemoration 
of  the  abolition  of  the  slave-trade. 
On  one  side  is  a  portrait  of  Mr. 
Wilberforce,  and  this  inscription  : 
William  Wilberforce,  M.  P.  the 
friend  of  Africa.  The  reverse  re- 
presents Britannia,  holding  a  scroll 
sealed  with  three  seals,  the  solemn 
act  of  her  legislature,  by  which  the 
slave-trade  is  abolished.  She  is  at- 
tended by  Wisdom  and  Justice, 
and  before  her  stands  Commerce, 
who  receives  her  commands  to  ter- 
minate  the   inhuman    traffic.     An 


angel  holds  over  her  head  a  celestial 
crown,  to  signify  that  her  conduct 
is  approved  by  Heaven.  At  the 
bottom  are  the  words : — /  have 
heard  their  cry — and — Slaxc-trade 
abolished  1807. 

A  series  of  portraits  of  political 
characters,  are  engraving  upon 
gems, by  Mr.  Brown,  gem-sculptor 
to  the  late  Catherine  II.  and  Paul 
of  Russia.  This  artist  has  already 
commenced  his  collection  with  the 
portraits  of  Mr.  Wardle  and  Mr. 
Whitbread,  who  have  sat  to  him 
for  that  purpose.  It  is  intended  to 
furnish  the  public  with  impres- 
sions, by  means  of  Mr.  Tassie's 
curious  imitations  of  cameos  and 
intaglios  in  enamel  and  paste. 

At  the  villa  of  Count  Moroni,  near 
Rome,  were  lately  discovered  the 
tombs  of  the  ancient  Roman  family 
of  the  Manlii.  They  were  found  to 
contain  two  statues,  five  busts,  and 
an  urn,  all  in  tolerable  preservation, 
and  distinguished  by  the  name  of 
Manlius.  Two  skeletons,  dug  up 
at  the  feet  of  these  statues,  still  had 
rings  upon  their  fingers.  Close  to 
the  skeleton  of  a  female  were  found 
the  shell  of  an  egg,  an  oil  bottle,  a 
broken  mirror,  and  a  lamp.  Upon 
the  lamp  was  represented  Tarquin. 
with  a  dagger  in  his  hand,  at  the 
moment  he  was  going  to  violate 
Lucretia.  These  valuable  relics 
have  been  purchased  by  Baron  Has- 
selin,  minister  from  the  king  of 
Bavaria  to  the  Holy  See. 

Mr.  Bowyer  (who,  some  time 
since,  published  those  parts  of  Sir 
Robert  Ainslie's  celebrated  collec- 
tion of  drawings  which  related  to 
Egypt,  Caramania,  and  Palestine,) 
has  just  issued  a  prospectus  for  pub- 
lishing the  remaining  parts  of  that 
collection.     The  present  work  will 


Mr.  rur  m,    n  i  \  1 1  w, 


consist  of  views  in  Turkey  in  Eu- 
rope, and  will  include  Bulgaria, 
Romania,  Walluchia,  Bgrria,  the 
islands  in  the  Archipelago,  &  i 

sVsnOUg  them  will  be  ■  correct  re- 
presentation of  the  celebrated  temple 

of  Jupiter      Amnion    at    Si  v.;ih,    in 

tin'  deserts  of  Lybia,  discovered  in 
1792;  some  curious  and  highly  in- 
teresting delineations  <>!  the  ruins 
of  the  temple  of  Diana  a1  Ephesus, 
and  ;i  large  and  iccurate  \  ieu  <»t 
Constant  inople  and  its  environs.  I 
considerable  part  of  (lii-.  work  will 
<  onsist  (.1  \  iews  in  countrti 
which  there  are  no  othei  drawings. 
The  present  publication  will  in- 
clude the  whole  of  Sir  Robert 
Ainslie's  unpublished  assemblage  of 

drawings,  and  will  he  executed  in 
the  same  st  \  le,  and  of  the  same  size, 
as  Mr  liowycr's  views  in  Egypt. 


ME  PICA  I,    aiVIEW. 

Suggestions  for  the  Prevention  of 
that  insidious  and  destructive 
Foe  to  the  British  Troops  in  tin 

ff  est    Indies,   eonnnon///    termed 

the    YeUaw    Fever.       With    tin 

Outline  of  a  Plan  of  Military 
Jfospila/s,  on  a  Principle  and 
Construction  lending  to  introduce 
a  more  successful  Treatment  of 

the  Sieh.  I>\  Slew  ail  Hender- 
son, If.  D.  District  Stall'  Sui- 
geon.  Svo.  pp.  i)4.  js.  Stock- 
dale,  jun.  Pall-Mall.  Printed  at 
Birmingham. 

The  destruction  which  so  fre- 
quently awaits  <>ur  troops,  in  hot 
climates,  from  disease,  claims  t In- 
deepest  attention,  and  we  are  \ 
pared  to  receive,  with  gratitude, 
the  suggestions  of  any  one  who 
thinks  he  can  subdue  the  wide- 
wasting  pestilence.  l>ut  in  the 
treatise  before  us,  we  discover  little 


that  is  original :  indeed,  upon  the 

subject   of  yellow  fever,    the  author 

i<>  be  ant ii  ipatcd    in 
liiv    remarks,     by    Dr.      Pirn  kard's 

••  Notes  on  the  w  i  i  [wda 

Dr.  Henderson  his  introdin  'd 
some  very  pointed  remarks  upon 
.ii in \  physicians,  and  we  think  he 

■  finced     considerable     want    of 

enndonr  in  discussing  their  mi  i 
I  laving  entered  intothe  arly 

in  lite,  and  const  qstsntly  a  iihout 
ing  that  enlai  sjed  ecluc  Uion, 
which  would  render  bim  eligible  to 
the  honours  of  the  London  College 
of  Physicians,  he  has  attacked  that 
leamed  body  with  much  virulence 
of  invective.  He  thinks  that  phy- 
sicians to  the  forces  should  OS 
leoted,  in  every  inslance,  from  regit 
menial  surgeons.  The  argument 
with  which  he  would  enforce  this 

opinion,  appears  to  us  to  be  decid- 
edly against  it.  He  contends,  that 
where  one  oass  in  the  army  requires 
ntrgicai  assistance,  fifty  require 
medical  assistant  e.  Now,  m 
he  had  proved  that  the  young  men 
who  hail  entered  in  the  capacity  of 
mates,  were  (jiialitird  to  act  as  phy- 
sicians, we  conceive  that  he  has 
strongly  demonstrated  the  necessity 
of  employing  regular  physicians 
more  frequently  than  is  now  prac- 
tised. 

The  chief  novelty  in  his  plan  of  a 
military  hospital,  is,  that  each 
patient  should  have  a  separate 
apartment  :  and  that  a  corps  of  re- 
gular attendants  should  be  appoint- 
ed to  the  hospitals,  and  that  they 
should  wear  a  uniform  to  distinguish 
them  from  the  patients. 

Dr.   Henderson   was  some   time 

surgeon  oi  the  Astia  a.   and  be  has 

given  an  interesting  account  of  the 

s  which  prevailed  on   board 

3  E  8 


5S4 


MEDICAL    REVIEW. 


that  ship,  "whilst  on  the  Jamaica 
station,  during  a  period  of  nearly 
four  years.  His  practice  appears 
to  have  been  successful,  and  he  has 
made  several  judicious  remarks, 
wilich  may  prove  useful  to  those 
who  may  be  placed  in  similar  cir- 
cumstances with  himself.  It  is 
pleasing  to  observe,  that  since  the 
time  to  which  he  alludes,  great  im- 
provements have  taken  place  in  the 
regulations  and  diet  of  our  brave 
seamen,  and  that  the  consequences 
are  highly  beneficial.  We  shall 
conclude  our  account  with  a  favour- 
able specimen  of  the  work. 

"  In  March  and  April  (1S07)  we 
were  on  our  station  at  Port-Royal. 
In  May  and  June,  when  the  pe- 
riodical rain  set  in,  we  were  on  a 
cruize,  in  consequence  of  which  we 
did  not  sutler  from  the  rains  or  heat 
of  those  two  months,  and  benefited 
by  the  refreshing  breezes  met  with 
at  sea  ;  and  it  has  been  frequently 
remarked,  that  the  mariners  enjoy 
a  greater  degree  of  health,  when  at 
sea  in  the  West  Indies,  than  in 
port  at  any  other  part  of  the  world. 
Commanding  officers  would,  there- 
fore, act  judiciously,  in  keeping 
ships  as  little  as  possible  in  harbour 
on  that  station." 

Observations  on  the  Diseases  which 
prevail  in  long  Voyages  to  hot 
Countries,  particularly  on  those 
in  the  East  Indies ;  and  on  the 
sa?ne  Diseases  as  they  appear 
in  Great  Britain.  By  John 
Clarke,  M.  D.  Physician  to  the 
Infirmary  and  Dispensary  at 
Newcastle,  &c.  &c.  Third  edi- 
tion, corrected.  8vo.  pp.  584. 
London,  1SO0.  Murray — J.  Cal- 
low. 

The  author  of  this  work  has  had 
considerable    experience    both    at 


home  and  abroad,  and  his  observa- 
tions will  be  perused  with  advan- 
tage by  the  general  reader,  as  well 
as  by  the  medical  practitioner.  The 
diseases  to  which  Europeans  are 
subject,  during  long  voyages,  and 
whilst  they  remain  in  hot  climates, 
arc  particularly  considered,  and 
contrasted  with  similar  complaints 
in  our  own  country,  from  which  it 
appears,  that  they  differ  in  cha- 
racter much  less  than  is  commonly 
supposed.  Dr.  Clarke  even  con- 
tends, "  that  diseases  in  every 
climate  are  respectively  the  same  ; 
ami  when  attended  with  danger  or 
malignity,  are  only  to  be  subdued 
by  the  same  treatment."  This  ob- 
servation is  by  no  means  correct. 
Hot  climates  have  a  direct  influence 
upon  the  biliary  system  ;  in  them, 
the  prevailing  complaints  are  of  the 
liver,  or  some  derangement  of  the 
functions  of  the  stomach  and  ali- 
mentary canal,  from  an  increased 
or  a  vitiated  secretion  of  bile. — 
Every  fever  partakes  of  this  cha- 
racter;  and  bile  is  the  fiend  which 
torments  the  European  while  pur- 
suing his  career  of  aggrandizement 
in  the  East,  and  the  jaundiced 
spectre  which  disturbs  his  repose 
after  he  has  returned  to  his  native 
country.  Dysentery,  cholera,  and 
diarrhoea,  which,  in  this  climate, 
are  comparatively  mild,  in  the  East 
and  in  the  West  Indies  annually 
sweep  off  thousands  of  our  troops, 
and  seem  to  set  physicians  at  de- 
fiance. How,  then,  can  we  believe 
that  climate  effects  no  difference  in 
the  symptoms,  and  requires  no 
variation  in  the  treatment  of  dis- 
eases ? 

In  this  volume  we  find  some  in? 
teresting  remarks  upon  the  manners 
and  habits  of  Europeans  in  the  East 


n  r  vi  km    hi     new    im ■  isr.i' 


'     . 


Indies  from   which   we  learn  lhal     m    Heine,  mn 


luxury  ;ii  the  table  is  vei  j  p 
lent,    and   the    jaded    appetite    ii 
simulated    bj     tl  inviting 

inucei  Mini  proi ok\  i  pi 
(  |. ii.  i  ia  Mm-  author's  fai  tw  i  ite 
j  he  Lhinki  thai  the  e  a  lio 
drink  it,  "  enjoy  the  jrre  ifc  N  im- 
punily  From  sickness."  -He  recom- 
mends the  IVi n\  i in  I 

.  and  pr<>\  ided  lie  c  in 
throw  an  immense  quantity  Into  the 
stomach,  he  re  la  not  the  time 
oi  the  me  ibs  foi  effec  ti  •  this 
oertainly,  tin*  doses  \\  bicli  he  haa 
;u  custotaed  to  : jive,  are  such, 
;»s,    \m-    bali  f   few  people 

would  be  ir,  thou  Ii  we  admit  that 
this  remedy  often  tails,  from  it>  be- 
nag  prescribed  t<><>  sparingly,  01 
from  the  shameful  adulteration  ol 
the  drag  before  it  enters  theapo- 
thecar\  's  simp. 

The  Annual  Medical  Register,  for 
th,  \  a  Society    of 

Ph) siciaus.  Vol.  I-  >s\ o.  pp. 
.     London*  IE  I    ylor  and 

e  •( . 
This    is  a  i  nl  and  com- 

prehensive work.  1 1  contains  a 
complete  review  of  every  publica- 
tion on  ilif  of  medicine, 
chemistry,  ami  surgery,  which  has 
issued  from  the  press  during  the 
i  .ir.  The  authors  are 
evidently  men  of  talent,  ami  well 
versed  in  their  profession;  they 
not  oaly  _i\ e  \*--  of  the 
Lfl  w  hich  they  review,  but,  in 
many  instances,  they  present  us 
with  original  information.  Though 
much  severity  is  displayed  in 
of  the  critiques,  thej  ate  strictly 
impartial,  and,  in  our  opinion,  tin 
castigation  has  been  duly  bestowed. 
The    Register   also   c  intains    an 


in  ill'  I 

■lth 

and   d  '  ilio 

I  7lh    I  up    to  I  i.  ii  ; 

widi    various    othei    miscellaneous 
intelli  dated    to    di 

i  he  kuov.  I  i  he  iiiijm    . 

which    have   been    effected    in 

i  f  medicine  :    th< 
w  hi«  h  we  have  no  hesitation  I 
firm,  will   In-  essentially  pron 

>  publii  iii  m,   \\  huh  m  ill  be 
ed   w  nli  amusement  an  I  | 
by  c>  i  iptiou  n  who 

are  interested  in  the  I  the 

human 


REV  I  EH    OF  MB*    PUBLICATfi 

!  '     tvian    I* 

■     n/isrny. 
'.  : '  i    I 
ah //>  Hungari 
Ma  mi.       To    ::hich 

an  a  1 

■ 
phical  Notice  of  Marche-Cmur* 
.  translated  from  tin"  Fren  h, 
by  William 

. 
It  would  I*'-  wholly  supcrfli 
to  attempt   to  d«  lineate    the 
work  which  ln- 

loag  before  the  world  / 

/  /i  Peruvian  Prineeu%  and 

-quired  Mich    d<  cele- 

brity.    The  perform 

its   defects  :    but    ii   they  aie 
either    in  ing   or    more   nu- 

merous  than  thos<  i  produo 

•  of  this  cl  iss,  wo  ought  I 
collect  the  superior    : 
under    v.  Inch   the    fair  f  la- 

boured,   in    deliix  itin^    I 
ments  and  manners  ol 


w  horn    50   l-  rt    t 
historical  sketch  of  th<  |  sisteoce.     1W  tnmal  i  ex- 


5<o 


REVIEW    OF    NEW    PUBLICATIONS. 


ecuted  his  task  with  considerable 
spirit ;  but  he  does  not  seem  to  think 
correctness  of  language  any  recom- 
mendation. 

This    volume  is    neatly  printed, 
and  embellished  with  a  frontispiece, 
representing   the  massacre   of    the 
Peruvian   virgins,    in    the  temple 
of  the  Sun,  by  the  Spaniards. 
The  Pagan  Mythology  of  ancient 
Greece  and  Rome,  versified.  Ac- 
companied   with     Philosophical 
Elucidations  of  the  probable  la- 
tent Meaning  of  some  of  the  Fa- 
bles of  the  Ancients,  on  a  Theory 
entirely    nezo.      Illustrated  zcilh 
wood-engravings.  12mo.  pp.  148. 
This  little  work  is  intended  as  an 
easy  introduction  to  the  mythology 
of  ancient  Greece  and  Rome,  and  is 
particularly  adapted  to  the  use  of 
schools.    Being  divested  of  the  ob- 
scene allegories  introduced  by  the 
ancients  in  their   usual    figurative 
style,  it  is  certainly  better  calculated 
to  convey  a  general  idea  of  the  sub- 
ject, than  any  attempt  of  the  kind 
which  has  yet  fallen  under  our  ob- 
servation.     The  poetical   illustra- 
tions are  simple,  and  well  calculated 
to  the  purpose  of  becoming  a  ve- 
hicle   of    instruction    to    juvenile 
minds;    and  the  elucidations  of  the 
fables  are  plausible  and  ingenious. 
The  Doctrine  of  Interest  and  An- 
nuities, analytically  investigated 
and  explained,  together  zvith  se- 
veral   useful    Tables    connected 
zcith    the  Subject.      By   Francis 
Baily,    of  the  Stock-Exchange. 
4to.  pp.210. 

Although  the  nature  of  this  work 
issuch  as  to  induce  us  to  believe  thai 
those  of  our  readers  only  who  are 
fully  masters  of  the  science  of  al- 
gebra, will  be  able  to  appreciate  its 
value,  still  we  should  conceive  it  a 


dereliction  of  the  promise  we  have 
made  to  the  public  of  noticing,  par- 
ticularly, publications  of  real  merit, 
were  we  to  omit  one  which  has  so 
great  a  claim  to  that  distinction, 
and  which  reflects  honour,  both  on 
its  author,  and  on  the  respectable 
class  of  society  to  which  he  pro- 
fesses himself  to  belong. 

A  work  like  the  present,  contain- 
ing, under  a  systematic  arrange- 
ment, the  substance  of  the  whole 
theory  of  interest  and  annuities, 
must  prove  a  valuable  acquisition 
even  to  the  professed  mathemati- 
cian, inasmuch  as  it  readily  ex- 
hibits to  him  every  formula  he  may 
require  for  the  calculation  of  any 
question  relating  to  the  present  sub- 
ject ;  and  as  the  same  symbols  are 
retained  throughout  the  book,  the 
confusion  necessarily  arising  from 
referring  to  different  algebraical 
compendiums  or  treatises  on  this 
branch  of  mathematical  science, 
is  naturally  avoided  by  consulting 
Mr.  B.'s  performance. 

Although  the  author  has,  in  the 
course  of  this  treatise,  demonstrated 
that  the  method  universally  adopt- 
ed in  the  calculations  of  discount  is 
incorrect,  and  perhaps  even  illegal, 
inasmuch  as  (by  reckoning  such 
a  sum  for  discount  as  is  equal  to 
the  interest  of  5  per  cent,  on  the 
whole  bill  from  the  present  time 
till  it  becomes  due),  more  in  fact 
than  5  per  cent,  is  charged  ;  thus 
claiming,  for  instance,  on  a  bill  of 
^6105,  due  a  twelvemonth  hence,  a 
discount  of  ^€o  5s.  instead  of  £5. 
only  :  yet  we  are  inclined  to  doubt 
whether  the  general  adoption  of  the 
erroneous  practice,  from  time  im- 
memorial, might  not  operate  as  its 
sanction  before  any  but  an  alge- 
braical jury. 


REVIEW     Of    Nl  \v     I'll',  r  If  AT  I  ONI. 


In  tin'  chapter  treating  on  the  i>r<-- 
feent  value  of  annuities  at  simple 
interest,  we  derived  great  pleasure 
from  teeing  our  opinion  respecting 
the  fallacy  ofthe  usu  il  foi  male,  and 
cvi  n  that  i 'I  Mi .  Simpson,  confirmed 
by  the  perspicuous  deduction  <>!  oui 

author.    The  sum  of  the  seriei 


plied  by  a  ( n  being  the  annuity)  ;/ 
the  number  of  years,  and  r  <  1 1  <  -  rate 
of  interest),  is  unquestionably,    as 

Mr.  11.  states,  flic  (rue  present  va- 
lue ;  am!,  were  the  subject  not  ra- 
ther ofthe  speculative  kind  than  of 
real  use,  we  should  have  expected  a 
formula  for  the  summation  of  the 
above  series. 

We  are  indebted  io  Mr.  B.  for 
the  communication  of  a  new  for- 
mula for  ascertaining  the  annual  rate 
of  interest  (the  annuity  c,  its  amount 
s,  and  the  number  of  years  n,  being 
given),   vi/. 

,   J\2  +  (n  +  \)0].0 

itt-rffa+ij.fj 

»b~r-(^-)-,_, 

The  principles  upon  which  this 
formula  rests  are  clearly  laid  down 
in  theappendix,  and  its  superiority 
over  former  ones,  in  point  of  con- 
venience and  correctness,  fully  de- 
monstrated. Approximating  results 
in  mathematics  are  well  calculated 
to  imprest  us  with  a  conviction  of 
the  limited  powers  of  human  intel- 
lect: and  yet  it  is  on  such  results 
that  some  of  the  most  important 
branches  of  human  knowledge  are 
reared.  Any  nearer  ami  less  tedi- 
ous method  of  approaching  truth, 
deserves  therefore  the  thanks  of  the 
learned. 

In  the  lSlh  chapter   Mr    B.    ha? 


introduced    s<  reral     m.«< 
questions  appertaining  to  his  mj!>. 
ject,  one  di  «  huh  a  c  reraemh  i  I  » 

have  Men  in  the  works  .,|   I), .  |». 

and  shall  <|'i  >('■  it,  although  a 
sme  thereby  to  elicit  i  smile  from 
sin  h  ol  our  readers  unac- 

quainted \\  iih  the  astonish 
mulatn  e  effects  of  compound  infr- 

reM.      The  author  tin  I  ,ind 

.     'hill  if  ui  < 

j  at  out  ni  compound  i  '■!  the 

birth  of  ( 'hrittf  it  c.  amid,  ai 
1810,  have  amounted  to  more  n 
t /,'/.•/  cottl 

D  AND  II  rfY-SBI  IV  Mn.- 
Mo.N  i  of  .  '  aeh  <  qua!  to  our 
earth  in  magnitude,  ami  all  of 

'!     IV I  if  ft 

put  owl  i:'  the  tame  rate  of  si 

estt    the   amount   in   the 
time  would  htn  e  ■  et »  <  jhit* 

and  sezrn-prni  t  r<y. 

The  same  chapter  contains 
reral  important  questions  and  for- 
mula1 relative  to  our  funding  lyi* 
(em,    and  to   tli<-   extinction    of  the 
national  debt  ;    and  although  some 
e  author  will  not 
ribed  to  by  ali parties,  yet 
to  the  purely  mathematical  reader 
they  cannot  but  appear  high  I  j 
-.  as  relating  to  a  subje 

netted   with   our  na- 
tional int 

At    the  close   of  the   appp; 
Mr.   B.   has  i  ex- 

emphfyi-  means  of  sc 

rithraic  ci 
reins  t  und  interest, 

and  treated  of  in  ly  of  the 

work  ;  thus  r  the  pro<rres- 

sive  accumulation  01  a  capital,  by 
compound  to  the 

ej/e  .•"    a  method  already  adopted 
by  Keill(in  his  elegant  Treat 

.  it/tms.   annexed  to   hi?   edi- 


;S8 


MUSICAL    REVIEW. 


tion  of  Euclid)  to  illustrate  the 
doctrine  of  logarithms. 

To  render  this  work  as  perfect  as 

possible,  Mr.  B  lias  added  a  set  of 
tables,  of  which  be  says,  that  they 
are  the  same  as  (hose  published  by 
Mr.  Smart  in  1727  ;  that  lie  lias 
neither  time  nor  inclination  to  cal- 
culate them  anew,  and  therefore 
gives  them  to  the  world  with  all 
their  imperfections  on  their  head  : 
observing,  however,  that  after  many 
years  experience,  he  has  not  met 
with  any  errors  but  such  as  might 
be  discovered  on  inspection,  and 
that  he  has  no  reason  to  be  dissa- 
tisfied with  their  accuracy. 

Much  loss  -will  it,  we  trust,  be 
expected  that  we  should  vouch  for 
the  correctness  of  the  copy,  al- 
though, from  the  few  trials  we  have 
had  time  to  make  of  them,  v.  e  have 
no  reason  for  suspicion  on  that 
score.  As  these  tables  will  enable 
any  person  conversant  with  the 
common  rules  of  decimal  arithme- 
tic, to  calculate  most  of  the  pro- 
blems relating  to  interest,  annuities, 
leases,  &e.  we  think  it  right  to 
subjoin  an  abstract  of  their  several 
contents,  observing  that  they  ex- 
tend from  2,  gg,  3,  3f,  &c.  to 
10  per  cent. 
Tab.  I.   the  interest  (simple)  of  £[ 

for  any  number  of  days  as  far  as 

thirty  years, 
li.  The  discount  of  £\    for   any 

number  of  days  as  far  as  thirty 

years. 
in.   The   amount  of  £[  (at   com- 
pound interest)  in  any  number  of 

years. 
iv.  The    present  value  of  £i   (at 

compound  interest)  due  at  the  end 

of  any  number  of  »  ears. 
v.   The  amount  of  <£l    per  annum 

(at  compound    interest,)   in   any 

number  of  years. 


vi.  The  present  value  of  d£\  per 
annum  (at  compound  interest) 
for  any  number  of  years. 

vii.  The  annuity  which  *£\  will 
purchase  for  any  number  of  years 
(compound  interest). 

Sup.  Tab.  i.  The  amount  of  £\ 
in  any  number  of  days  or  quar- 
ters of  a  year  (at  compound  in- 
terest). 

II.  The  decimal  parts  of  a  pound 
corresponding  with  any  number 
of  shillings,  pence,  and  farthings. 

in.  The  decimal  parts  of  a  year 
corresponding  with  any  number 
of  days,  or  with  some  of  the  most, 
usual  fractions  of  a  year. 


MUSICAL    REVIEW. 

A  Grand  Military  Piece  for  the 
Piano  -  Forte,  composed,  and, 
with  Permission,  humbly  dedi- 
cated to  her  lioyaJ  Highness  the 
Princess  of  Wales.  By  F.  Lanza. 
Op.  4.    price  3s, 

If  a  future  historian  should  hap- 
pen to  judge  of  the  character  of 
our  nation  by  the  musical  produc- 
tions of  the  present  day,  we  need 
not  apprehend,  on  his  side,  the 
Napoleon  classification  as  shop- 
keepers :  we  shall  probaply  rank 
with  the  Spartans,  and  our  ladies 
with  the  Amazons  ;  such  is  the 
number  of  military  compositions 
which  have  of  late  presented  them- 
selves to  our  notice.  Among  these 
Tyrtaean  efforts,  Mr.  F.  Lanza's 
claims  a  respectable  place  ;  he  has 
here  displayed  much  tire  and  sci- 
ence :  the  introductory  larghetto 
is  of  a  solemn  character,  and  the 
subsequent  adagio  bears  marks  of 
original  genius  in  many  of  its  mo- 
dulations. Of  those,  we  will  only 
point  out  p.  2.  1.  7.  where  the  G 
flat,  in  the  second  bar,  leads  to  a 
masterly  transition  :  p.  3.  1.  3.  p.  4. 


I  *.   REV! 


m 


I.  fi.  and  p.  (>.  I.  4.  exhibit  equal 
skill  of  composition.     The   olvenl 
minims  ( p.  <;. )  marked  piti  >>' 
;ii.d  Leading  to  the  Becond  I 
are  original,  and  have  ;i  happy  ef- 
fect. 

W'li.il  we  miss  in  this  perform- 
ance) is  connected  melody  ;  and,  in 
our  judgment,  the  additional  keys 
are  too  often  resorted  <<>.  80 
auent  an  use  of  high  notes  is  ob- 
jectionable in  compositions  of  any 
kind,  bul  particularly  so  in  military 
music.  They  appear  to  us  to  pro- 
duce mi  effect  of  trifling  littleness 
and  indistinct  ion.  Perhaps  these 
oar  strictures  are  matter  of  opinion  ; 
but  our  opinion  u  is  our  duty  lo 
state,  although  we  should  l>c  sorry 
to  be  thought  dictatorial  in  a  de- 
partment which  is  not  entirely 
{bunded  on  dogmatic  rules,  but  de- 
pends so  much  on  an  endless  variety 

of  tastes. 

'•  ('am.  Cfno/'  Cavatina9   with  a 
Harp  Accompaniment t  swig;  by 
Madame  DusseJc,  and  com\ 
for   her  by    P.  Antony    Corn, 
pnee   Is.  6d.  , 

A  beautiful  little  air,  equally 
adapted  to  a  plain  voice,  and  to  the 
more  scientific  warbler.  The  style 
is  completely  Italian,  and  the  ac- 
companiment, although  written  for 
the  harp,  may  be  executed  on  the 
piano-forte.  The  descent  from  I 
into  the  paused  (  (p.  J.)  is  sweet 
and  affecting. 

One  observation  we  must  be  al- 
lowed, although  it  is  with  modest 
diffidence  we  n  ake  it,  not  presum- 
ing to  be  as  good  judges  of  Italian 
prosody  as  Mr.  Corri  :  The  word 
slrbaCt  accented  a>  marked,  we  do 
not  recollect  ever  to  have  thu»  si  en  | 
it  is  generally  a  dactyl,  strbaff. 
Ac.   VI.    Vol  L  ' 


/' 
ihr  Robin)  (i  m 

;ntn/,    bv  .'.    B. 

Although   w    ■  1   our- 

selves  to  belong    to   the    nut 
who,  hi  cording  to  tli< 

on  the  ti!1.  .  mm  h  admit 

plum  :<•  Robin,   v<  1  wi 

by  no  means  dii ; 
I  it  lie  song  of  Mr. 
trio  :'  h  thing 

Mr.  S.  wishes  us  t 
the   reiteration  of  the   word  , 
and  1  repeated  in 

three  parts  through  the  common 
chords  of  I).  G,  A,  I).  Nor  can 
we  conceive  why  a  shilling's-worth 
of  paper  and  print  would  not  I 
been  a  quantum  saflii  il,  in  this  in- 
stance, instead  of  printing 
notes   three  times   over    tor  1 

We  ought  to  be  thankful  to 
Mary   Ward,  lbr   baring    In: 
her  poem    to   the   Robin  to 
verses;    had  there  been  a  dozen,  we 
should  probably  have  had  an  t 
number  of  shillings  to  pay   for  the 
pleasure  of  addressing  the  bird  in 
music. 

Haydn's      celebrated     Moremrnt, 
'•    The    Surprise^    with    Vari- 
ations for  the    H  Piano- 
Forte,  composed,  and.   with  per* 
mission,  dedicated  to Misx  I 
Lady  May  >                          >    1  lios. 
Powell,  price  i?s. 
Credit  is  due   to  Mr.    Pol 
judgment,    in    selecting,    for    his 
maiden  essay  on  the  harp,  a  r 
meal  which  a]           -  »  well  1 
lated    for    that    instrument.       Mr. 
Powell's  talei.; 
3F 


390 


MfSICAL    REVIEW. 


so  favourably  appreciated  from 
works  of  a  higher  cast,  that  it  would 
appear  unfair  to  measure  them  by 
the  scale  of  this  occasional  trifle. 
The  conclusion  of  these  variations, 
■which  may  be  said  to  be  the  only 
thing  in  them  of  his  own  pen,  is 
very  brilliant  ;  perhaps  too  much 
so  for  the  nature  of  the  work.  It 
would  be  grand  enough  for  a  full 
band  symphony. 

Six  Waltzes  for  the  Piano- Forte, 
with   cut  Accompaniment  for  the 
Flute,  composed,    and  dedicated 
to  Miss  Tierney,  by  V".  Cianchct- 
tini,  price  2s.  6d. 
Much  taste  and  variety  of  ideas 
are  displayed  in  this  performance, 
and   the  peculiar  character  of  the 
waltze  is  every  where  happily  main- 
tained.     Nos.  1    and  2  appear  to 
us  the  prettiest ;   the  former  is  quite 
in  the  Vienna,  or  rather  Tyrolian 
style,  and  the  latter  reminds  us  of 
one  of  Mozart's  best  waltzes.     The 
subject  of  No.  3  is  very  similar  to  the 
beautiful  trio  in  the  Magic  Flute: 
Seyd  una  zenn  zweiten  mat  willkom-  '■ 
men.     In   selecting  the  above,  we  j 
do  not   intend    to   depreciate    the  ; 
others;  good  has  a  superlative.  The  I 
rlute  accompaniment  adds  greatly  to  I 
the  general  effect. 
A    new     (''rand    Sonata    for     the  , 
Piano-Forte,  icith  an  Accompa-  i 
nimentfor  a  Flute  or  Violin,  and  \ 
Violoncello, ad  libit  it  m ,  composed, 
and  dedicated    to   Mrs.    Charles 
Burnt It,     by    Thomas    Powell, 
price  5s. 

This  is  one  of  the  best  publica- 
tions of  Mr.  Powell's  we  are  ac- 
quainted with  ;  the  allegro  move- 
ment in  G  major  is  spirited,  and  con- 
tain) some  very  pleasing,  as  well  as 
ntific    passages.     Of  those  we 


will  content  ourselves  to  notice  p.  5. 
I.  5— p.  6.  I.  2  and  3.  where  the 
F  natural  produces  a  novel  and  tine 
effect.  The  modulations  also,  at 
the.  beginning  of  the  second  part, 
evince  the  author's  taste  and  theore- 
tical correctness,  and  its  termination 
affords  good  preparation  for  the 
andantino  in  C  major,  which  is  a 
smooth  and  chaste  composition. 
The  conclusion  of  the  latter,  in 
imitation  of  a  horn  accompaniment, 
deserves  praise,  for  its  neatness  and 
originality.  A  polacca  is  the  sub- 
ject of  the  last  movement  ;  the 
naivete  and  playfulness  of  which 
cannot  but  please.  It  is  represented 
under  different  keys,  and  by  a  skil- 
ful preparation,  p.  12,  merges  into 
G  minor,  whence,  p.  13,  it  fleets 
into  G  major,  its  natural  key.  Our 
partiality  to  this  polacca  proceeds, 
perhaps, 
played  in 


from    having    heard    it 
a  masterly   manner  by 


the  author  himself,  in  a  concerto  of 
his  for  the  violoncello,  on  which 
difficult  instrument  he  already  has 
j  few  rivals  in  this  country,  and  pro- 
bably will  soon  have  none.  To  re- 
turn, however,  to  the  present  so- 
nata, we  feel  pleasure  in  congratu- 
lating Mr.  Powell  on  his  success  in 
this  instance.  If  any  thing  were 
to  be  wished  for,  it  would  be  a 
little  more  employment  for  the  left 
hand,  althoughthat, perhaps,  would 
render  the  work  less  generally  ac- 
ceptable. 


written    by  Leigh 
and    composed  by 


Three    Songs, 
Hunt,    Esq. 

John  Whitaker,  viz. — No.  1. 
"  Silent  Kisses,"  price  Is.  6d. — 
No.  2,  "  Love  and  the  Molian 
Harp,"  ls.6d.— No.  3.  "Mary, 
Ma ry,  list !  awake!"  1  s .  6d . 
The   above  songs  appear  to  be 


K  I  I  ROB]  ECT    Ol       i'OU 


the  commencement  of  i   mu 
mi  .  i,    Their  aj  mpboi 
rnendablj    neat    and    approp 
Jlo\  .  \n   av  kward  the  expn   lion, 

Wf     R  i||    .  MiillH-iil    ill     v- 

Kistt  s.  There  it ,  we  on  n, 
loncelfo  part,  bui  if  is,  Like  the 
piano-forte^  rather  n  il  ed,  inde- 
pendent of  ili,-  difficult}  <>!  pn 
in  •  the  assistance  of  the  foi  mer  in- 
Btrurnent.  Nos.  2  nd  "  are  not 
liable  to  ih<  -  tme  obsei  i  ation  :  theii 
piauo-fOrte  aacompaniment  is  full 
and  tasteful;  indeed  the)  appeal 
to  us  alto  (ether  superior  in  point  of 
composition;  aud  No.  '.)  (<l  Mary, 
Many,  list !  awake!")  the  best  <»t 
all.  In  il  \\c  recognize  ideas  of  the 
best  masters,  particularly  one  from 
the  duet,  t(  Vaghi  colli  ameniprati" 
iu  Winter's  beautiful  opera,  " // 
Ratta  di  Proserpina"  In  No.  2 
C"  J.ovr  and  the  JEolian  Harp") 
the  transition  (p.  S.  1.  I.)  from  E  b 
into  G  and  C  I)  sounds,  in  our  opi- 
nion, too  w  hiningly.      It    would  do 

for  i  |  silm,  rather  than  an  Ana- 
creontic composition. 


"   / 

the   Piano-  Foi  '     15. 

i    urn  ■ .   : 

Mr.  ( Iramer's  nam 

of  this  i  ml, 

;>    I  laxman,   oi   i:.i<  on,  emplo .    I 
;:i    making    ornaments    foi    i  !.im- 
ney  mantle-pices,  <>r  wooden  nut- 
era  for  the  toy-shops.      W  .■ 
i  i ight  to  e  ' 

that  \\  Inch  ii  •  '  i  iana 

from  Cramer.      liii  abilil 

.   original  aa  i!i<  >  are,  ought 
to  bring  forth  originals  only,   not 
other  people's  hornpi 
From  ;i  minor  ephemeral  author, 
we    would   gladly   accept  ■   triile 
this.     It   is   pretty,  and  well 
calculated   to   (ill  up  agreeably   ;t 
quai  li  r  <>f  an   h<  i 

serious  musical  stud; 
Its  merits   we  do  no!  kni 
what  door  to   lay,  ignorant  a 
are  of  the  pre* 
of  the  firm  has  in  the  concern. 


RHTROSn      [  POLITICS. 


Wr.  concluded  our  political  re- 
view of  the  last  month,  by  shortly 
taking  notice  of  the  victory  gained 
over  the  French  fleet,  in  Basque 
Roads,  the  particulars  of  which  ar- 
rived in  thiji  country  too  late  for 
our  last  number.  V»  e  have  now  to 
add  to  the  observations  we  then 
made,  that,  considering  the  cir- 
cumstances under  which  it  was 
gained,  do  naval  victory  could  have 
have  been  more  brilliant,  more  dis- 
heartening to  the  enemy,  or  more 
important  in  its  results.  The  three 
ships  oi  the  lime  which  sailed  from 


L*t  hrient,  at   the    time    the    B 
Beet  went  to  I5a- 
now   arrived    in    the    West    I: 
I  with  troops  on  board.     They  arc 

ly  blocked*  d,  i  nd  will  pi 
bly  -  iptured  bj 

Admiral  Cochrane,  wbohaa  -eat  to 
the  other  islands  i  -neat 

of  troops,    to   take  I 
the  v  ;hvl- 

put    in   tor  shelter.        i  li 
was  the   relief  of  Martini 
they   announced,    that    they  would 
soon  be  followed  by  the  Rock 

Iron.     There  cm  be  no  doub: 

S  F  2 


?flO 


~ETn0SPECT    OF     rOT.ITICS. 


that  this  great  movement  of  the 
French  fleets,  was  for  the  purpose 
of  succouring  Martinique;  for  the 
French  government  never  could 
suppose,  that  three  ships  of  the 
line  and  two  thousand  laud  troops, 
■would  be  a  sufficient  reinforcement 
to  enable  the  island  to  resist  so  pow- 
erful an  armament  as  had  been  sent 
against  it.  By  the  appearance  of 
those  three  ships  in  the  West  In- 
dies, the  whole  plan  which  the  abi- 
lities and  heroic  enterprizc  of  Lord 
i  rane  have  completely  frus- 
trated, was  developed.  We  see, 
also,  how  dearly  Bonaparte  prized 
the  possession  of  colonics,  and  how 
severely  he  must  have  felt  the  loss 
of  Martinique.  To  save  it  he  was  not 
only  ready  to  risk  his  fleet,  but  to 
send  an  army  out  at  a  time  that  of 
all  others  he  could  least  spare  one. 
This  plan  has  been,  however,  frus- 
trated :  he  has  lost  a  fleet  without 
saving  the  island,  and  his  mortifi- 
cation is  evident,  by  his  refusing  to 
exchange  the  garrison  of  Marti- 
nique according  to  the  terms  of  the 
capitulation. 

We  also  hear  that  General  Beck- 
with  has  been  invited  to  take  posses- 
sion of  the  city  of  St.  Domingo. 
If  a  British  force  presents  itself  be- 
fore the  place,  we  have  no  doubt 
that  it  will  soon  fall ;  and  no  stronger 
proof  can  be  given  to  Spain,  of  our 
sincere  and  efficacious  alliance,  than 
tojrestoreher  this  great  colony, which 
France  had  obliged  her  to  yield.  It 
will  convince  the  people  of  South 
America,  as  wcil  as  of  Spain,  that 
we  have  no  view  againt  the  interests 
of  Spain  in  any  part  of  the  world; 
and  in  so  doing,  we  may  procure  a 
aeration  in  the  West  Indies, 
which  may  save  the  lives  of  many 
thousands  of  our  brave  countrymen. 


The  West  Indies  has  been  hi- 
therto the  grave  of  the  British  ar- 
mies, and  no  island  has  been  more 
fatal  to  our  troops  than  St.  Domingo. 
If,  then,  the  Spaniards  should  oc- 
cupy the  southern  part  of  it  with  a 
respectable  force,  it  would  probably 
save  the  lives  of  thousands  of  our 
brave  countrymen,  Mho  would  fall 
victims  to  the  climate  if  the  island 
were  to  have  a  British  garrison. 

This  is  precisely  the  point  in 
which  we  conceive  that  the  dispos- 
able force  of  the  South  American 
part  of  the  Spanish  monarchy  could 
be  easily  brought  toco-operate  with 
us  in  the  West  Indies,  and  to  be- 
come most  valuable  allies.  There 
is  undoubtedjiroof,  that  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Mexico  and  the  Spanish 
Main  are  enthusiastically  animated 
with  the  same  spirit  as  prevails  in 
the  mother  country.  They  have 
sent  voluntas,  patriotic  offerings, 
to  a  great  amount,  which  have  al- 
ready reached  Cadiz,  and  been  ren- 
dered serviceable  to  the  cause  of 
Spain  ;  and  there  is  no  doubt  that 
they  would  ardently  support  the 
mother  country  with  their  arms,  if 
so  wide  an  ocean  did  not  separate 
them.  But  St.  Domingo  (the  oldest 
possession  of  Spain  (a  the  West 
Indies,  and  the  first  discovery  of 
Columbus),  lies  in  their  neighbour- 
hood. If  then  we,  after  expelling 
the  French,  should  invite  the  pre- 
sidencies of  South  America  to  send 
thither  what  troops  they  could 
spare,  we  make  no  doubt  but  South 
America  would  repay  us  abundantly 
by  its  military  co-operation  in  the 
West  Indies,  for  the  assistance  we 
might  give  in  Europe  to  the  ex- 
ertions of  Old  Spain. 

We  now  come  to  the  important 
question  as  to  what  degree  of  as- 


01     POL1 


393 


sistancc  this  country  should  s. 
Spain.     I  pon  this  point   we  differ 
altogether  from  the  Bentimenl 
livered  in  both  housei  of  parliament 
by  the  leaders  of  opposition.     NN  c 
cannot    understand    the    pol 
this  country   permitting   its 
enemy  to  destroy   n  ition  afi.  • 
(inn,  without  making  some  ei 
to  prevent  it.     We  do  nol  under- 
stand the  apprehensions  they  ex- 
press of  risking  b  British  army,  be- 
cause we  cannot   conceive  what  is 
the  use  of  armies,    i  m  ept  lo  be 
risked  in  defence  <>f  their  country 
and  its  allies.     Thetotal  loss  of  die 
British     army     in      Portugal      rind 
Spain,  is  stated  at  seven  thousand, 
being  only  tour  thousand  more  than 
the  ordinary  casualties  in  so  great 
an    army,    if  they  had   not  been  in 
foreign  service.  There  can  be  very 

little   doubt   that    (his  loss  has  been 

much  more  than  balanced  by  (lie 
service  that  the  British  army  ren- 
dered to  th<  Spain  and 
Portugal.  In  the  first  place,  after 
defeating  the  French  at  Roleia  and 
Vimiera,  it  delivered  all  Po\ 
for  many  months  from  the  presence 
of  French  troops.  In  the  i  nt 
place,  it  certainly  produced  n  pow- 
erful diversion  in  favour  of  the 
south  of  Spain,  by  drawing  Bona- 
parte to  another  quarter.  If  it  had 
jiof  been  for  this  diversion,  it  is 
probable  that  the  passes  of  the 
Sierra-Morena  would  have 
forced  like  the  pass  of  Somosierra, 
ami  the  Army  of  Andalusia  would 
aot  now  exist.  These  advai  I 
were  cheaply  purchased  by  the  loss 
of  four  thousand  men:  and  in  our 
wan,  for  purely  British  inte 
we  have  often  sacrificed  many  more 
men  in  a  West  Indian  campaign, 
the  results  of  which  have  been 
reckoned  for  nothing  in  the  nerocr- 


i  ations  for  |  • 
that   government 

thi    i  ex- 

1    (he  peninsula, 
■<    rid   of  (he   old    tr  unmeli 
of    militai  v    ttiquetti .    they  have 
sent  Sir  \  rthur    W  I  the 

bead  of  a  n   p<    tabl    I 
destined,    in  the    first    instance,  to 
i  ri,  and  rds  to 

assist  (he  Sp  iniards.    v< 
rejoii  ini^  a  British 

Again  upon  the  ( tontun  nt.     Vi 
ill  -i  our  exert iom  ill  be 

finally    successful     or    not,    Im 

ight   cannot  pretend  to  d 

ver  :    but   it    if  most  unqui 

our  duty  to  da  every  tiling  i:: 

power  in  favour  of  our  allies,   and 

against  the  contimi 

bope  thai   remains  to  Spain  or  the 

Continent,  is  ov«  ing  to 

diversion  which  Austria  made, 

i>  now  making,  in  her  favour  | 

it  i-  t!ie  bounden  duty  of  Spain  and 

1    I > r i I ai:i  to   make  a  powi 
diversion  also  in  favour  of  Austria. 
We  see  that   Bonaparte  has  (for 
the  first  time)  been  obliged  to  I 
one   war  unfinished  to  go  to 
other;    and  we  trust,  that  if  pi 
advantage  be  taken  of  that  circum- 
stance, he  will  be  checked  and 
larded    in    his    suca 
Austria,  by  hearing  of  the  destruc- 
tion of  his  armies  in  Spain .  We  now 
see,  by  the  experience  of  the  last 
campaign,  that  he  is  nol  able  to  act 
offensively  against  Spain,  rappi 
bj    Great  Britain,    without    with- 
drawing   a  great     portion    of   his 
troops  from  Germany.     But 
,'  probability    is  there  bow  ol    I. is  be- 
ing  able,    for  a   f  a  uh- 

draw  '  man  bom  Germany  ? 

The  interval  then    is    our.-,   and  if 
we  i;  of  it, 

hall  deserve  all  the  evils  \ 


394 


RCTRObPLCT    or    POLITICS. 


may  hereafter  befal  us,  and  richly 
merit  the  reproach  and  scorn  of  all 
those  nations  who  have  bravely 
fought  for  their  independence. 

Sir  Arthur  Wellesley  has  been  re- 
ceived with  the  greatest  joy  and  cn- 
thusiasmby  the  Portuguese,  wJioare 
preparing  to  co-operate  powerfully 
with  the  British  army.  The  grand 
Portuguese  army,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Marshal  Beresford,  is  very 
respectable  in  number  and  effici- 
ency ;  as  is  also  the  army  to  the  north 
of  Oporto,  commanded  by  Generals 
Silviera  and  Sir  Robert  Wilson. 
This  army  has  already  gained  great 
honour  for  the  Portuguese  nation, 
and  has  gallantly  repulsed  the  at- 
tacks of  the  French  several  times. 
We  trust  that  the  Portuguese  army 
under  the  command  of  Beresford, 
Silviera,  and  Sir  Robert  Wilson, 
will  soon  be  the  most  efficient  army 
which  Portugal  ever  had  in  the  field, 
and  will  co-operate  most  powerfully 
with  ours,  not  only  in  the  capture 
or  destruction  of  the  division  of 
Soult,  but  of  the  French  force  in 
Galiciaand  the  north  of  Spain.  We 
think  this  is  precisely  the  moment 
to  strike  at  the  common  enemy  in 
the  points  where  he  is  most  vulne- 
rable, and  we  trust  the  precious  mo- 
ment will  not  be  lost. 

The  war  which  was  so  long  fore- 
seen as  inevitable  between  France 
and  Austria,  has  at  length  taken 
place ;  and  notwithstanding  the  prin- 
cipal Austrian  army  has  been  de- 
feated, after  five  days  hard  fighting, 
yet  we  do  not  think  the  cause  of 
Austria  by  any  means  desperate. 
She  lias  brought  forward  a  force 
which  we  by  no  means  supposed  she 
had  possessed.  Her  Italian  army, 
umler  the  command  of  the  Archduke 
John,  has  completely  defeated  the 
French  army  of  Italy,  and  driven  it 


beyond  the  Adige.  There  is  no 
doubt  that  the  French  must  have 
suffered  a  considerable  loss  of  men 
in  so  complete  a  defeat,  which  w;*s 
followed  up  with  the  greatest  rapi- 
dity. The  Archduke  Ferdinand  has 
been  equally  successful  in  Poland, 
where  he  has  taken  the  city  of  War- 
saw. This  movement  is  supposed 
to  be  concerted  with  Prussia,  who  is 
inclined  to  lend  her  assistance  in  the 
contest.  Since  the  victory  which 
the  French  gained  in  Bavaria,  other 
events  have  occurred,  which  nearly 
balance  that  success.  The  general 
insurrection  of  the  Tyrolese  willre- 
quire  at  least  a  division  of  French 
troops  to  suppress  it.  The  victo- 
ries of  the  Archduke  John  have  en- 
abled him  to  detach  30,000  men  to 
Vienna  ;  and  the  army  under  Ge- 
neral Hillier,  in  its  regular  retreat 
to  that  capital,  has  already  received 
great  reinforcements,  and  will  in  all 
probability  be  reinforced  in  a  much 
more  considerable  degree  on  its  ar- 
rival at  Vienna,  and  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  Hungarian  insur- 
rection. We  therefore  think  it  by 
no  means  improbable  that  an  Aus- 
trian army  may  still  be  collected 
powerful  enough  to  stop  that  part 
of  the  French  army  which  is  com- 
manded by  Bonaparte  in  person, 
while  the  Archduke  Charles  and  the 
Bohemian  levies  may  sufficiently 
occupy  Generals  Augereau  and  Ber- 
nadotte.  It  is  also  stated  that  a  very 
general  spirit  of  insurrection  is  per- 
vading the  north  of  Germany,  which 
may  give  additional  employment  to 
the  French  troops. 

To  sum  up  shortly  the  view  which 
recent  events  have  given  of  the  re- 
lative strength  of  the  contending 
parties,  we  think  it  most  evident, 
that  the  armies  of  Bonaparte  are  not 
by  any  means  so  numerous  as  he 


m  r.  r<  t  '  *  r .    ii  i  ■  <  i  m 


would  wish  (lie  world  to  believe.  Ai 
flic  beginning  <>f  the  Austrian  war, 
In-  was  v.  i  i  iii;m  frontier, 

weak  in  Polandj  weak  in  Portu  ml, 
■\\c:ik  in  Spain,  weak  in  every  | 

1  there  the 

I       tli  aceoui         tetl    ttl    •  were 
inferior  In  number  ;  and  the  Austrian 
accountfl  atti  ibute  theloi    ofth 
tic  merely  <<>  the  untimely  and  im- 
proper retreat    <»i    the    Archduke 


Lew i  •  hope  th 

'  I  be  taken  ot 
enemj 

and  \ul- 
ncrable.  idy 

operated 

iin,   if    I  the 

duf y  ni  Spain  mikI  her 
make 
A  us'  i 


MEDICAL 

An  account  of  the  diseases  which 
bare  occurred  in  the  reporter's  own 
practice,  from  the  15th of  kprilto 
the  15th  of  May,  I80f. 

Amir  ri/u  ast  i.  —  Inflammatory 
sore  throat, 4.. ..Scarlet  fever.  ij — 
Continued  fever,  6 — Intermitting 

fever,    i? Catarrhal    fever,    15 

Acute  rheumatism,  5 —  Erj  Bipelas, 

1 Inflammation   of  the    bowels, 

J Hooping  cough,  5 — Small- 
pox, 3 Chic'. en-pox,  '2 Wutc 

diseases  of  infants,  I . 

( '/ironic  iittases.  —  Pulmonary 
consumption,  2.. .Cough  and  Dys- 
pnoea, 30 Cough  and  hemoptoe, 

3 — Scrofula,  2 — Dyspepsia,  (j 

Dysentery,     2 — Diarrhoea,     1 

Chronic  pains  of  the  stomach  and 
bowels,  19;..  Jaundice,  1... Dropsy, 

4 Asthenia,    13 — Ilead-ach   and 

Tertigo,  S — Spasm,  2 Lumbago 

and  sciatica,  3 — Hectica,  2.... 
Hypochondriasis, l2...  Epilepsy,  I .. . 
Palsy,  2. ...Worms,  3.. ..Vomiting 
of  blood,  2 — Cutaneous  diseases, 
3. ...Morbi  mulierum,  8. 

The  late  warm  weather,  has  had  a 
direct  effect  upon  most  pulmonary 
complaints.  During  the  irat  few 
day-,  however,  many  people  were 
affected  with  catarrh,  though  not 
severely.     The  chronic  coughs,  at- 


REPORT. 

(ended  with  difficulty  of  breathing, 
in  particular  hare  been  n  Ii 
no  n-  bare  occum  d  in  the 

reporter's  practice  during  the 

week.  One  Off"  the  cases  of  chicken- 
pox,  excited  more  than  usual  iu- 
:  the  complaint  itself  i-  in 
general  mild,  and  unattended  with 
danger  :  but  i.i  this  instance-  the 
disease  bappi  tied    to  a  child  that 

bad     previously    been     Vaccinated. 

( )f  course,  the  eruption  was  consi- 
dered to  be  the  small-pox  ;  to  which 
it  bears  so  close  ■  resemblance,  that 
even  a  very  experienced  eye  can 
scarcely  discriminate  the  character- 
istic difference.  The  accurate  ob- 
server, who  has  no  prejudice  to 
blind  his  penetration,  and  warp  his 
jndgi  pends  not  so  much  on 

the  appearance  of  the  eruption,  as 
on  the  period  of  its  occurring  after 
the  patient  has  sickened,  the  pro- 
gress of  maturation,  and  the  time 
when  the  pustules  dry  and  fall  off. 
h\  the  instance  alluded  to,  this  took 
place  much  sooner  than  is  usual  in 
small-pox  :  the  eruption  came  out 
on  the  third  day,  and  in  live  days 
more  the  scabs  had  nearly  all 
appeared,  tearing  dark  spots,  but 
no  scars. 

It  is  singular,  that  notwithstaud- 


306 


AGRICULTURAL  REPORT. 


ing  the  unanimity  which  obtains,  in 
the  respectable  part  of  the  pi 
sion,  on  the  decided  advanta 
practising  vaccine  inoculation,  that 
it  is  still  obstinately  resisted  by  a 
very  numerous  class  of  people.  Ju 
vain  h;».s  government  established  in- 
stitutions in  every  district  of  this 
large  metropolis,  for  the  gratuitous 
inoculation  of  cow-pox  by  intelli- 
gent and  experienced  practitioners ; 
in  vain  have  the  talents,  the  dis- 
cretion, and  the  influence,  of  some 
of  the  most  honourable  and  scientific 
members  of  the  profession,  been  ex- 
ercised lo  introduce  the  new  prac- 
tice :  false  accounts  of  its  failures, 
with  untrue  and  disgusting  details 
of  its  producing-  loathsome  and  un- 
known disorders,  still  continue  to  be 
propagated  by  interested  indivi- 
duals, and  impede  the  adoption  of 
a  remedy,  which  would,  yearly, 
save  thousands  of  people  to  the 
state.  But  the  time  must  arrive 
n  truth  will  prevail,  and  the 
benefits  of  vaccination  be  duly  ap- 
preciated; when  conviction  will 
on  every  mind,  and  the  cla- 
mour of  the  anti-vaccinists  no  longer 
i  the  timid,  nor  misguide  the 
ignorant.     At  present,  indeed,  we 


are  sorry  to  observe,  in  the  eloquent 
language  of  Mr.  Windham,  when 
addressing  the  House  of  Commons 
on  this  subject,  that  there  are  men 
in  this  country  (happily  not  of  the 
greatest  authority)  who  do  not 
think  it  repugnant  to  their  duty, 
nor  find  it  beneath  their  character, 
to  try  to  prevent,  obstruct,  and  de- 
l;iy  the  adoption  of  vaccine  inocu- 
lation, by  turning  against  it  the 
passions  and  prejudices  of  those 
who  have  nothing  but  passion  and 
prejudice  to  guide  thorn,  or  who 
must  be  considered,  at  least,  as 
wholly  incapable  of  forming,  on 
the  subject,  any  sound  judgment  of 
their  own.  It  is  vain  to  say,  that 
the  arts  of  such  persons  can  pro- 
duce but  little  effect.  Finally,  they 
cannot  prevent  the  establishment  of 
a  system,  confirmed  continually  by 
fact  and  experience,  and  sanctioned 
by  all  that  is  intelligent  and  re- 
spectable :  but,  meanwhile,  there 
arc  the  vulgar  and  the  ignorant, 
among  whom  arguments  such  as 
they  use  are  far  more  than  a  match 
for  all  that  can  be  produced  by  men 
who  employ,  for  the  support  of 
their  cause,  no  other  arms  but  those 
of  truth  and  reason. 


AGRICULTURAL  REPORT. 


The  warm  weather  of  this 
month,  succeeded  by  showers  of 
rain,  has  been  most  favourable  to 
•  ation. 

The  wheats  have  a  most  promis- 
ing and  luxuriant  appearance,  par- 
ticularly thos^  which  have  had  the 
advantage  of  top-dressing. 

The  barleys  are  firmly  on  the 
curl,  and  promise  a  full  crop. 

The  early  sown  oats  were  a  linlw 


injured  by  the  frost,  but  are  reco- 
vering through  the  genial  weather 
of  this  month,  and  promise  a  fair 
crop. 

Beans,  pens,  and  all  the  legu- 
minous classes  grow  most  luxuriant- 
ly, and  cover  the  land  sufficiently 
to  prevent  any  further  injury  from 
the  drought  that  m;iy  occur  in  the 
future  months. 

The  clover  aud  grass-lands  are 


^AL-Kfl N  G        PRK  S  B  B  S 


r 


/ 


. 





1    I  AND    (.i 

Well  covered  and  trill  lion  of  I 

l  ii  p.  the   - 

The  drj  v» 
fine  oppoi  tuni  j  for  Ihe   p 
of  inrnip  fallow! .  and 
■ 

The  corn-n  ai  kd  -  are  rluct«  I 

nu»sl    COUntiei,    OH  ing    to    th<     .  \- 


l  ISHIONS  l  OR  LADIES   LND  Gl  v<  i  I  I 

••i                            hum,    DRBII.  (,i  n  i  ii  •  i     01 

v               Figure*-— A    Venetian  The  Gothi<             which  the  in- 

■pencer  of  violet  satin,  orsnrsenet,  traduction  of  the  Spanish  costume 

with  a  row  of  small   round  buttons  seemed  likely  to  revive,   hai  now 

embroidered  in  silver,  with  a  pen-  completely  given  place  to  the  i 

dant  loop  to  each  ;   coniiued  at  the  pie  and  more  elegant  formi  "i  ' 

neck  with  a  silk  cord  or  silver  las-  cian  antiquity.      The 

■el.   Beaver  hat  of  the  same  colour,  that   merciless  d< 

rather  small,  turned  up  in  front,  thing  that  is  beautiful,  most  be  no 

with    a    Silver    button    and    loop,  more   known  or   thought    of*. 
Worked   muslin  dress  and  ski;!,  to 


shew  the  feet  and  ankles.     Black 
silk  slippers  and  York  tan  gloves. 

Sii(i>i£  Figure. — Muslin  under- 
dress,  with  full  loose  sleeves  :  a 
Tonic  d  f  antique  of  yellow  crape, 


wasp-like  division    of   the    hi 
form,  which  the  monstrous  fashion 
produce-,    is  perfectly    irreo 
able  with  antique  simj 

Shawls  are  much  worn:    thej  9XK 

admirably   adapted    to  the  prome- 


trimmed  with  broad  lace  round  the  Bade,   bs  they  afford,  in  ; 

bottom;    yellow    silk    liead-dress.  and  arrangement,  such  !i  i  op] 

with  short   veil.      Purple  mantle,  lunities    for   the    displaj    ol    the 

lined  with  white.   York  tan  gloves,  wearer's  I 

(inrn'.s    dri   s.  Silk    head-dress 

Swedish   coat  of  grey  cloth   or  withshort  \ 

silk,  clasped  down  the  front  with  for  the  promenade ;    stt  and 

silver  ornaments;  short  open  sleeves,  bonnets  are  worn,  ' 
J I  at  of  the  same  colour,  turned  up 


v\  iih  silver  loop. 
li   \  l  B  29.— P  BOMfeNADB  DRE88. 


rally. 

To  Mr.   Thomas   H 

publication    i>u     .  /;     •<  i,(    ' 


Spotted  muslin  under-dress,  over  is   the   late  change  in   d 

which  a  li^ht    coat,   bordered    with  pally  to  be  Bttlil  utcd  : — in.!,  ed,   to 

cerulean  blue.  Blue  silk  head-  the  exertions  af  this  gentleman  ad- 
dress, bound  round  with  silver  cords  most  all  our  modern  ii 
and  tassels.  Blue  silk  scurf,  lined  in  taste  maj  be  red  [I  i^ 
with  white;  siiver  border  and  tas-  hoped  the  publication  alluded  to 
White  shoes  edged  with  will  become  the  .  -  and 
blue.    York  tan  gloves.  toilet-companion  of  e1 

2vVw  h. .  .•  f. 

No.  VI.   Vol.  J.  9  G 


30S 


VIEW    AND    DESCRIPTION    OF   CAItLTON-HOUSE. 


IfrjiruislicJ   in    (be  circles    of  fa- 
shion. 

I  wish  if  were  in  my  power  ,'o 
report  any  similar  improvement  in 
the  adaption  of  colours  to  character 
and  complexion.  In  this  essentia) 
part  of  dress,  confusion  and  incon- 
sistency still  prevail.  It  is  not  un- 
usual to  see  a  lady  of  a  pallid  hue 
render  herself  ghastly  by  placing 
red,  pink,  or  livid  lilac  near  her 
face  ;  the  fairest  complexion  is  fre- 
quently disfigured  by  brown,  green, 
or  red  ;  and  the  most  lovely  brunette 
rendered  fright  fid  by  a  dress  of 
light  blue  or  grey.  These,  and  a 
thousand  similar  absurdities,  con- 
stantly occur,  and  it  is  to  these  er- 
rors that  I  would  now  apply  a  cor- 
rective.— Ambitious  that  the  British 
fair  should  be  as  much  superior  to 
other  nations,  in  the  taste  of  their 
dress,  as  they  arc  in  the  beauty  of 
their  persons,  I  wish  it  particularly 
to  be  understood,  that,  though  in 
my  character  of  Arbiter  Eleganti- 
erum,  I  might  publish  dogmas  and 
compel  obedience,  yet  I  do  not  ask 
assent  to  the  following  observations, 
till  my  fair  readers  have  taken  the 
advice  of  their  sage  and  sapient 
counsellor,  looking-glass. 

Few  colours  will  look  absolutely 
ill  on  a  fair  complexion,  provided 
the  cheeks  be  tinged  with  the  rosy 
line  of  health.  There  are,  however, 
some  which  detract  from  its  natural 
sweetness.  Green  and  brown  are  of 
the  latter  class.  Light  blue,  grey, 
and  lilac,  of  the  former.  A  small 
quantity  of  either  of  these  colours, 


will  be  found  to  add  to  the  fairest 
face,  a  charm  inexpressible. 

The  brunette  must  regulate  her 
dress  by  the  contrary  rule.  She 
may  roam  at  large  through  all  the 
varieties  of  red,  brown,  yellow, 
green,  and  olive,  provided  they 
be  kept  of  a  dark  or  of  a  negative 
hue.  No  light  colours,  and  few 
positive  colours,  can  be  admitted 
with  impunity. 

The  sallow  complexion  will  find 
advantage  from  a  head-dress,  hand- 
kerchief, ribbon,  or  border,  of 
yellowish  green  or  olive;  and  the 
pallid  hue  of  sickness,  in  a  fair  com- 
plexion, will  be  considerably  re- 
lieved by  a  ribbon  of  the  most  ten- 
der and  delicate  blue. 

Scarlet  and  pea-green  are  com- 
pletely inadmissible  ;  or  if  the  lat- 
ter may  at  any  time  be  adopted,  it 
must  be  only  in  the  smallest  quan- 
tity. A  ribbon  or  a  border  is  all 
that  can  be  allowed. 

We  shall  resume  this  subject  on 
a  future  occasion. 

Arbiter  Elegantiarum . 
gentlemen's  fashions. 

Dark  olive  and  bottle-green  coats 
are  still  much  worn,  and  the  season 
has  brought  into  requisition  mar- 
cella  waistcoats  of  all  descriptions, 
colours,  and  patterns  :  buff,  how- 
ever, is  the  most  prevalent.  Nan- 
keen drawers  and  gaiters  are  very 
general  for  morning  dress. 

It  is  now  the  haut  ton  to  wear  the 
collar  of  the  coat  very  high  behind, 
worked  round  to  stand  off,  and  cut 
very  low  in  front. 


VIEW  AND  DESCRIPTION  OF  CARLTON-HOUSE. 

An  earnest  desire  has  been  ex-  [|  markable  buildings  in  London  and 
pressed,  by  many  of  the  subscribers  [j  its  environs  might  occasionally  be 
to  the  Repository ',  that  views  of  re- j(  substituted  for  the  representations 


f  irn    and   our  it  iptiOn   of  i 


ofth  •   of  shops,  which  we 

li  i  i  !  ii  accustomed  i<>  jive.  <  on- 
i  ing  that  bucIi  an  alteration  may 
tend  to  enhance  the  inl  r<  I  of  the 
k|  and  willing  .<>  comply  w iili 
(In-  wishes  of  th< 
beral  p;i 

proprietoi  has  adopted 
the  Hi1-   with 

Dumber,     an     accurate    *  I  *■- 
lineation  of  ( !arlton-House,  i1 

i  f  his  Royal  I !  i.  hnesi  the 
Print     of    '  The    ma 

con  .piJ     I. isle      dis- 

played   in   this   mm  I   ii  a 

jusi  claim  to  •  the 

scries  of  which  if  will  form  (lie  corn- 
men  cement. 

Carlton-Housc,  the  town  resi- 
dence of  (Ik-  heir  apparent  of  the 
British  throne,  stands  upon  the  Bite 
of  a  palace  which  belonged  to  the 
crown,  and  was  presented  bj  his 
Majesty  to  his  Royal  Highne 
Ids  coming  of  age.     -\s  the    old 

building  was    much  Out    of  repair, 

parliament  thought  fit  to  enable  his 
Majesty  to  erect  the  present  < ' 
structure  in  its  stead.    It  is  situated 

on   (lie     north   side    of  St.   James's 

Park)     with    the     pi  iicipal 
facing  Pall-Mall.        h    portico,  <•! 

the  Corinthian  order,   is  truly  mag- 
nificent :   but   it  has  been  obj< 
that  the  other  parts  of  the  front  be- 
ing rustic,    aie    too    plain    \o  cor- 
respond,     'riu*    house  and   i 
yard     are     separated    by    a    dwarf- 

screen,  surmounted  by  a  beautiful 

colonnade.  \t  the  hack,  and  con- 
tiguous to  the  Park,  area  riding- 
house  and  stables,  belonging  to  his 
Royal  Highness ;  whose  garde 
plays  all  the  refinements  of  taste  and 
skill  which  its  limits  admit  of. 

The  great  hall  of  Carlton-Il 

does  honour  to  the  genius  of  the 


Mi.    Holland,   who    • 
architei  t  "l  this  edifi< 
four  feet  in  lei 
in    breadth.      Tli 
dining-room  is    uikjih 
of  the  iii""!  Bplend 
I  luropt  .     <  >n  >h< 

i  |         into  the 

ball-room,   and    another   do 

du«  ts  iii  the  draw  ing-room. 

The  armoury  occupies  I. 
«ni  theattii  storj  .  and 

valuable  and  unriv  dl.  I    (  dll<  i 

am  ient   weapons,  and 
cies  "i    armour,    but   also  of  uni- 
forms, dresses,  and  different  w 

nl"  art.  —  The   whole  <>:    thii 
seiim    is  arranged    w  t  or- 

•  !<  i .  skill,  and  taste,  under  the  in- 
spection nl'  tin-  royal  proprietor* 
Mau>  of  the  articles  preserved  here 
are  highly  interesting,  from  the 
eminent  characters  to  whom 
once  belonged,  and  tin  ions 

which  they  awaken. 

We     m  i\     l>  ■    allowed    to   1  .     I 

sword    of    the    tame 
Bayard}  of  the  great  Dukeof 
igh,  of  General  Moreau, 

one   of  ( •■•■ 

the    celebrated    Florentine 
Benvenuto  Cellini,  which  bclo 

to  th<'  patriot  llamp  li 

Though  if  must  be  ackno 
that  the   mansions  o 
aobility  are  not  mu<  h  inferioi . 
splendour  ami  costlj    magutfii 
to   this  resilience  of  f 
rent,  yct^  in  the 
site    taste,    corobil 
priate,  the  useful,  and 
Carlton-House  is  \\i 

Our  readers  need  not  herein 
of  the  imp 
to  an  edifice 
within  the   comp: 
3  i .  2 


400 


fATT'ERNS    OF    BRITISH    MANUFACTURE* 


limits  restrict  us.  To  those  who 
would  wish  for  a  more  satisfactory 
account  of  what  is  most  remarkable 
in  this  truly  elegant  and  princely 
residence,  we  beg  leave  to  recom- 
mend the  description  given  of  it  in 
the  first  volume  of  the  Microcosm 
of  London. 


||  The  view  which  accompanies 
:  this  brief  account  of  the  residence  of 
[j  his  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  is  taken  from  the  north  side 
of  Pali-Mall,  westward  of  Carlton, 
Rouse,  and  represents  the  steeple 
of  St,  Martin's  church  in  the  back- 
8f  round, 


FASHIONABLE 

PLATE  26. DEJEUNER,  OR  WORK-TABLE. 

This  elegant  model  for  a  table,  de- 
signed and  decorated  after  the  Grecian  ! 
style,  is  adapted  for  apartments  of  taste 
and  superior  elegance  in  their  finishing. 
It  should,  in  consequence,  be  executed  in 
imitation  of  bronzed  metal,  the  orna- 
ments in  burnished  and  matt-gold.  A 
net-work,  in  gold-coloured  silk,  incloses 
the  lower  part,  forming  a  bag  for  ladies' 
work  and  trinkets.  The  top  of  this  table 
should  be  of  some  of  the  rarest  and  most 
beautiful  species  of  marbles.  The  draw- 
ing-room, or  boudoir,  claims  this  elegant 
article  of  modem  decoration,  and  which 
may  with  propriety  be  occasionally  placed 
in  the  piers  between  the  windows. 

FOOTSTOOL. 

Under  the  above  table  we  have  placed 
a  footstool,  similar  in  its  finishing  and  de- 


FURNITURE, 

coration.  The  covering  should  be  of  ma- 
zarine-blue velvet,  with  gold  fringe  on  the 
fronts. 

DRAWING-ROOM    TABOURET. 

This  article  is  designed  in  correspond- 
ing taste,  and  adapted  to  the  work-table, 
having  its  frame  as  bronze,  with  the  or- 
naments in  or-moulu;  the  covering  being 
of  mazarine-blue  velvet,  with  gold  trim- 
ming and  ornaments. 

DRAWING-ROOM    CHAIR. 

This  chair  should  be  similar  in  finishing 
to  the  preceding  articles,  viz.  the  ground- 
work of  the  frame  in  bronze,  with  the  or- 
naments in  gold  or  or-moulu  ;  the  cover- 
ing of  the  scat  and  back  in  blue  velvet, 
to  suit  the  tabouret  and  footstool,  trimmed 
with  gold,  and  having  a  gold  tassel  at- 
tached to  the  scroll  at  the  back. 


ALLEGORICAL  WOOD-CUT,  WITH  PATTERNS  OF 
BRITISH  MANUFACTURE. 


The  large  pattern  No.  1  and  2  is  a  new 
cotton  for  furniture  called  the  Oriental 
Pink.  The  novelty  of  this  article  does 
not  consist  in  the  design,  but  in  the.  pink 
dye,  which  it  has  been  the  aim  of  the 
manufacturer  to  render  fixed  and  perma- 
nent, so  that  it  may  be  washed  without 
being  liable  to  fade.  The  endeavours  of 
both  foreign  and  native  chemists  and  ma- 
nufacturers to  accomplish  this  desirable 
object,  with  respect  to  reds  and  pinks  in 
particular,  are  well  known.  We  are 
happy  to  observe,  that  in  this  instance 
Mr.  Allen  has  completely  succeeded;  the 
greatest  variety  of  designs  of  this  pink 
are  now  on  sale  at  his  extensive  private 
ware-rooms,  01,  Pall-Mali. 


No.  3  is  a  lilac  spotted  gossamer,  very 
fashionable  for  full  dresses,  and  furnished 
by  Messrs.  Coopers,  silk-mercers  to  his 
Majesty,  28,  Pali-Mall. 

No.  4  is  white  and  green  coral-figured 
silk,  much  worn  for  mantles  and  pelisses. 
Though  we  in  general  protest  against 
green  for  ladies'  wear,  yetwhen  sparingly 
displayed  on  a  white  ground,  like  this 
pattern,  it  produces  a  shade  that  will  suit 
many  complexions.  But  our  ideas  on 
this  subject  have  already  been  developed 
in  the  general  observations  on  Ladies' 
Fashions,  to  which  we  beg  leave  to  refer 
our  fair  readers. 


CIk  l\tpostton> 

Of  Arts,  Literature,  Commerce,  Manufacturer  Fashions,  and  Politics. 

Manufacturers,  Factors,  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in  Fancy  Goods  that 
come  within  the  scope  of  this  Flan,  are  requested  to  send  Patterns  of  such  new 
Articles  as  they  come  out,  and  if  the  requisites  of  Novelty,  Fashion,  and 
Elegance  are  united,  the  quantity  necessary  for  this  Magazine  will  be  ordered. 

R,  Ackermann,  101,  Strand,  London. T^r= 


401 


J)octrj>. 


reded¥E$SEE*,rtctivedinaLetta 
■hi  young  Lady  in  ad  i  (ant  Country. 

Go,  \.\  l.- 1  flow*  r!  pt; 

I  need  no  Inn  e  thine, 

To  wake  a  Ih  night  ol  II- 

Qo  k  I!  In  r  '!•  it  [feel  within 

The  I'i-usi'i  w  !iu  h 
Withoul  a  It   '■  "h-  >  mi  l  i 

.11:  .i  bloat  en,  eree  t.nr. 

'TU  not  lik'1  tin  e,  a  ■  ii  ingeral  thing, 

The  object  of  a  ninny  day, 
That  brei  In  i  one  tephj  r  of  the  spring, 

Then  like  tlr.u  sephyr  fade   .may. 

But  'tis  a  plant  thai  cannot  die; 

Th.it  gr  m  i  .ill  tl.i 

It  breathea  no  sephyr  but  a  sigh, 

It  drinka  no  den  -drop  but  a  U  ax ! 

Go  then,  frail  Bower!  thy  task  n 
Go  mount  agaia  the  billon  v  - 

A  power  within  exceeding  thine, 
Wakes  all  my  aoo)  tu  Heloise. 

Ahgblk  \- 


•  The  ;>«*>.>  is  a  littl.  Bowi  r,  <  .ill   d  fan  I     | 
libh  pansy,  and  is  ricquentl]  Mai  in  let! 
a  .<oi/(  en/r,  nd  MOU  t*  laj,  "  do   not  forget 
nir." 


A   IIITI  &N  TO    It  i  i 

On  '  M  '  a '  ii 
foil] 
And  all  the  bustle  of  the  a 
tore 

linthy  bow 
I  pour  in  aolitw  jug ! 

.ving 

ma. 'I  ' 

Shunn'd  nn 

But  now  oo<  en    el 
Oik  i  more  1 1  laim  ih\  yew 
pow 

me  to  form  a  themt  for  rutin 
A  theme  that  mil  ii"t  i  rimaon  \irtuc'» 
check ; 
Be  it  whate'er  mild  modesty  m 
Whate'er  plain  truth  with  a 
may  apt 

Teach  me  hut  this,  I'll  envy  n<>t  the  song 
That  talks  of  virtue,  while  with  I 
hum- ; 
Such  th.  tnea   to    \>  :ld    ne'er 

belong, 

iie  son  of  candour 
•puma ! 

J.  IL  L 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  BANKRUPTCIES  AND  DIVIDENDS. 


BANKRUPTCIES. 

The  Solicitors'  Names  are  betuti  x  Parenthetcs. 

Adams  Tlios.  Rig*  street,  Southwark,  inn- 
holder    (Williams,  Cnraitor  atreel 

Ani'i\»s.l.  Manchester,  innkeeper  'Cooper, 
and  Lave.  Southampton  beUdiags 

Ashton  T.  Stamford,   Lincoln,  linen  dr.iprr 
(Jackson  anil  J  add,  Staamferd 

Balls  J.   Tararaata,  draper     (Hanrott  and  : 
Metcilte,   I.iueoln's  iiu    Niw  square 

Bamb^rJ.  Ormskirk,  Laacaatcr,   «ineand 
spirit  aw i cheat    (BLckstock,   St.  Mil 

court.   Poultry 

Baaiiiitri  \\     Romt'ord,  Bsaec,  l>aker  (Cat-  ! 
ting,  Bartlett's  buildings,  Holboru 


BarberS  Staasaaill,  Deray,  t— as  Coopn- 
and  Lowe,  Caaacerj  Ian* 

B  uton  J    Weal  v>erit,  brew- 

<r    Drake,  Old  Fish  al  i«Commona 

Burton  J  Steckpert,  Chf  shire,  rotton  spin- 
ner (Willis,  Waruford  court,  Tbrormortow 
street 

r  '  •,  Saadvd 

i     Caapaaaa,  St.  MildmTa  rt    Poultry 
Benton   (i    nnl  J      Birmingham,    jeweller* 
Pi  nil  tad  'are 

.'     Mausneld,  Notts,  innkeeper     (Bo- 
%ill,  >•  •  trr»t 

Bolton  K.  aadG.  Wigaa,  sp-.rit  merchants 

n 

Bonnti  P  H  Fleet  street,  stationer  (Vounj 
and  Hughes,   E»sex  strict.  Strand 


402 


BANKRUPTCIES    AND    DIVIDEND*. 


Booth  W.  Carlisle,  grocer  (Hodgson,  Car- 
lisle and  Clements  inn 

Brain  W  .  Sutton  street,  Westminster,  plane 
maker  (Allen,  Carlisle  street,  Soho 

Bright  F.  Westbury  upon  Severn,  Glouces- 
ter, corn  dealer  (Chilton,  Lincoln's  inn 

Broad  J.  Vine  street,  Pedlar's  Acre,  Sur- 
rey, dealer  and  chapman  (Rogers  and  Son, 
Manchester  buildings,  Westminster. 

tapes  (J.  Gaiusbre',  Lincoln,  wharfinger 
(I'xli  y  and  Stocker,   Furnival's  inn 

Carter  J.  Ciapham,  mason  (M  arson,  New- 
ington 

Charlton  C.  Newcastle  upon  Tync,  mer- 
chant (Bacon,  Southampton  st.  Covent  garden 

Charlton  W.  J.  Molyneux  street,  Edgware 
road,  builder  (Gale  and  Son,  Bedford  street, 
Bedford  row 

Chenu  1).  Great  Queen  street,  French  stove 
manufacturer  (A' Beckett,  Broad  street,  Golden 
square 

Chiffence  E.  Sarum,  Wilts,  musical  instru- 
ment seller  (Luxmoore,  Red  Lion  Bquare 

Clarke  11.  Whitehorse  lane,  Stepney  (Tyler, 
Bedford  street 

Clarke R.  Tooley  street,  cheesemonger  (Wi- 
letson,   Furnivals  inn 

Clay  M.  South  Shields,  linen  draper  (Ross 
and  Co.   New  Boswell  court,  Carey  street 

Cock  J.  D.  and  J.  Pitchers,  Norwich,  wine 
merchants  (Windns,  Son,  and  Holtaway, 
Chancery  lane 

Coldwcll  T.  Wakefield,  dealer  and  chapman 
|  Ei  ans,  Hatton  Garden 

Colckyn  W.  and  J.  Coventry,  grocers  (Field- 
er, Duke  street,  Grosvenor  square 

Collison  T.  Southampton  row,  Bloomsbury 
(Vincent,  Bedfort  street,  Bedford  square 

Cooper  J.  Irlams  o'th'  Height,  Lancaster, 
victualler  (Longdill,  Gray's  inn 

Cox  T.  Great  Yarmouth,  corn  and  coal 
merchant  (Peacock,  Lincoln1?  inn  fields 

Dalkin  R.  South  Shields,  Durham,  mer- 
chant (Bland,  Racquet  court,   Fleet  street 

Danson  W.  Lancaster,  woollen  draper 
(Blakelock  and  Makinson,  Temple 

Danson  Robt.  Colgate  in  Ell  el,  Lancaster, 
coal  merchant,  (Bleasdale,  Alexander,  and 
Kolme,  New  inn 

Davidson  J.  East  India  Chambers,  Leaden- 
hall  street,  merchant  (Wilde,  juu.  Castle 
street,   Falcon  square 

Dent  J  Shelton,  Stafford,  money  scrivener 
(Wilson,  Temple 

EarleW.  Edmond  street,  St.  Paneras,  dea- 
ler  and  chapman  (Eves,  Chapel  street,  Bed- 
ford row 

Eaton  J.  Godstone,  Surrey,  farmer  (Dyne, 
Serjeant's  inn,  Fleet  street 

Eelncy  John,  High  Holborn,  cheesemonger 
(Bryant,  Copthall  court,  Throgmorton  street 

Empsom  E.„  Bowling  street,  Westminster, 
victualler  (Shepherd,  Hyde  st.  Bloomsbury 

Fou  ier  W.  Distaff  lane,  wine  merchant 
(Warrand,  Castle  court,  Budge  row 

(iambic  Wm.  Liverpool,  linen  merchant 
(Blackstock,  St.  Mildred's  court,  Poultry 

Gillespie  W.  Basinghall  street,  tailor  (Van- 
tie  i  com  and  Comyn,  Bush  lane,  Cannon  street 

Greenway,  O.,  J.  T.  Greenway,  and  T.  H. 
Greenway,  Bristol,  stone  masons  (Evans, 
Hatton  garden 


Halliday  J.  Bath  street,  St.  Luke's,  coal 
merchant  ^  Palmer,  Tomlinson,  and  Thom- 
son, Copthall  court,  Throgmorton  street 

Hankiu  J.  liolloway,  Middlesex,  builder 
(Abbott,  Spa  fields 

Hart  <i.  Stamford  street,  Blackfriars,  horse 
dealer     (Enjoin,  Lambeth  road 

Hart  A.  H.  Houudsditch,  broker  (Hcuson, 
Dorset  street,  Salisbury  square 

Hawkins  T.  Bristol,  grocer  (James,  Gray's 
inn  square 

Heath  It.  Wamford  court,  Throgmorton 
street,  merchant     (Adams,  Old  Jewry 

Henshall  S.  Newman  street,  slmpkecper 
(Stokes,  Golden  square 

Hughes  D.  Bangor,  druggist  (Edmunds, 
Lincoln's  inn 

Jackson  P.  Manchester,  small  ware  manu- 
facturer (Cooper  and  Lowe,  Southampton 
buildings,  Chancery  lane 

Jackson  E.  and  S.  Bilston,  Stafford,  japan- 
ncrs     (Hunt,  Surry  street,  Strand 

Jacobs  J.  Wentworth  street,  Whitechapcl, 
glass  cutter  (Harris  and  Sou,  Castle  street, 
Houndsditch 

Jones  M.  otherwise  Mary  Levy  Joucs,  Swaiw 
sea,  grocer     (James,  Gray's  inn  square 

Jones  W.  Woolwich,  tailor  (Moore,  Wool- 
wich 

Knight  G.  Holloway,  Islington,  builder 
Kibblcwhite,  Rowland,  and  Robinson,  Gray's 
inn  lane 

Lea  T.  Walsham  le  Willows,  Suffolk,  inn- 
holder     (Giles,  Great  Shire  lane 

Lewis  G.  White  Lion  Street,  Whitechapel, 
victualler  (Mawley,  Dorset  street,  Salisbury 
square 

Lewis  J.  Upper  East  Smithfield,  needle 
maker     (Hall,  Coleman  street 

Lewis  A.  Banbury,  Oxford,  mercer  (Har- 
vey, Cursitor  street 

Lobban  J.  Great  Wild  street,  Lincoln's  inn 
fields,  coach  plate  founder  (Slopcr  and  Heath, 
Montague  street,  Russell  square 

Loisou  A.  Great  Castle  street,  Oxford  mar- 
ket, wine  merchant  (Wadcson,  Barlow,  and 
Grosvenor,  Austin  Friars 

Lowe  A.  late  of  Hoxton,  builder,  but  no\j 
in  the  Fleet     (Burn,  Coleman  street 

Melson  J.  Spitalfields,  furniture  broker 
(Eylcs,  St.  George's  court,  John  street,  New 
road,  St.  George  's 

Moggridge  H.  Fleet  street,  boot  maker 
(Higden  and  Sym,  Currier's  hall,  London  wall 

Mordue  J.  Wall's  end,  Northumberland, 
shipowner  (Meggison,   Hal  ton  garden 

Munt  W.  Portsea,  plasterer  (Shelton,  Old 
Bailey 

Newcomb  O.  Holies  street,  Cavendish  sq. 
upholsterer    (Allen,  Carlisle  street,  Soho 

Parsons  J.  sen.  and  jun.  Ludgate  hill,  book- 
sellers  (Glenn,  Garlick  liill 

Patterson  G.  Hertford,  merchant  (l^Zc> 
Essex  street,  Strand 

Paty  T.  Lime  street,  merchant  (Mason, 
St.  Michael's  church  yard,  Cornhill 

Pawlett  W.  Great  Windmill  street,  victual- 
ler    (Crosse,  New  inn 

PhroeyJ.  Bury  street,  tailor  (Freame,  Gt. 
Queen  street 

Pratt  G.  .Manchester,  hatter  (Bousfield, 
Bouveric  street,  Fleet  street 


Ifut.  1 1  Ik     I 

Lincoln  i  inn 
Riddioui  h  R    I  i>'  rpool,  innki  i  ;■■  ■     M  uu 

li  v    iiikI  LOW!     ,     I  •  ■ « •  1 " : * 

Rowland  J    <" 
« .11  |m hi.  i     Alii  n,  1  .  Old  Jewry 

Barqul  v    '    Bu 

■  ml  Sim,  si    sn  il  hiu     lane 
Smll  .1      North   .sin. 

I l.ii ton  i    i < i ■  ii 

Smith  l     1 1 ■  1 1 1 1 •  1  c •  i • ,  Suffolk,  wiiw  in. 
I  A i  inn,  Gni     inn 

Bpenci  i J    ' 
tii  in. illi  r    i  I'  iv  ii  • ,   I  othbury 

Spring  R.  <  si  *••< ,  Li 
■ad  Mason,  lti id 

Bulling!  s.    Little  '  'v  .•    ' 
hl<T     |  W  Mine,   Broad  - 1 

Tatbill  <      Norwich,   an  r.  bsol     |  Windu  , 

5(in,    ..  ml    Holl  >"  .i\,    <    ii.mr.  i  \   Ian. 

i    vtoi .'    Brou  ii  i  1 1 ■  ' .    Ipil   II        >  b  v..  i 
[Palmer,  Allsop's  buildings,  Ncs 
TharmeS.  Stone,  Stafford,  <  m  n  di  di 

ber,  I  <  ti<  i  lam 

l  vm  II  J    l .  lot  - ,  I  ini  oln,  \  .<  i.  ■ 
Bartu  it's  buildings,  Holborn 

A\nlki  r  lot       I  \i \     ■■'•  ,    inaltsl.  r 

[Smith,  ~MkI.Hi    l  emple 

Wall  i      Frith  .-in .  i.  S  1  ■  ,  i 
[Hodgson,  <  "  inent'i  inn 

W  .it. hi  T.  Sheffield,  lin<  n  drapt 
(  hancery  lane 

\\    i.l  r    llnli,  men  h  i  Son, 

Bartlett'i  buildings,  Holborn 

\\  i  im  ^  ■    iim.i  .i     Holt, 
Charing  Cross,    musical    instrument    makers 
I  \  incent,  B<  dford  »tro  t.   B  dfi     '>    tp 

^^  ■  |ii>  T,  Hi  i<  ford,  I 

climi'li  lain 

\\  <  -i  J    Chart*  rhou  •   i-cri- 

fener    |  PaUea,  Fore  street 

Wetherby    1      Great   St.   Thoma 
ironmonger  |  Palma  ,  Tomlinsous, 
•on,  Copthall  court,    l  1  rogmorton  sii 

Wheildon  J.  Copthall  court,  'i 

.   packi  r      Bryant,  <  opthall  coui  t 

bright    W      «.i<    i    I 
|  I'.,  rton,  Gray'i  inn  square 

\\  iOtinson  T.   and  J  iton  st . 

a  aollea  drapers       kd    as,  < 

\\  ilsoa  .'    l'<  al 
nn   car     j  Dixon, 

W  ilt  T.  Shaft's  com  ' 
I  l 

Woollen  M     Sheffii     . 
ami  \\  alter,  Sj  moai 

Yati  ■  w     Shi . . 
army  accoutrement  mak<      [Kirkman, 
laae 

'i  oang  \    Stan  In,  common 

er    [Harvey,  I  I 

Dr.  i 

fj»    spirituous    lii;u.  rs,    .'  Utt 
Aikili   atra  t,  Wood  Si 
— Armytage  W 
Juno  1 — Atki',  on     1 
ping,  wharfiugi  r,  Ju 

P.  J. Cook 


- 

1 1     i 
ll    <# 
< ,  itiiftt 

W.  I  v 

s. .  n. I,  \\  ill  I 

l.     id  J 

i . 

I 

i  ii.i.  i.     Bran  W     D  rrr,  bit 

I  .  ndon,    in.  H  Ii  i.  t,    Jun 
Iiio« n  W.  K  B 

urine   merchant, 

I 

1 

.1.  r,     .In... 

i  'I  ■       . 

.    June 

.     I  .      ■-..,;  1 1    I    ■     •       , 

lay  in — Cole  J.  Maruhull,  Dorset,  wool- 

st;i|il<  r.    M  ,•  .    I». 

1     <  I 

T   <    ;  i  dl  stn  .  t,  Ii 

ami  <  bapman,  M  G.  I 

.  nn  i  ii  r,  M  '■  , 

,i.  i ,  iin.k.  r per,  June  to— i 
.1    (i.  . 
May  is  —  I '  lulj  4  — 

'    K    III 

.        I 

s  lie     1,111  II  I      <  » 

I 

- 

M  i\  i 

«  an  lion, i  mi  ii,  J 


- 

■ 

1 


404 


BANKRUPTCIES    AND    DIVIDENDS. 


ments,  June  3 — Haydock  R.  Liverpool,  ship- 
wright, May  31— Hebb  V.     A.    Bridgnorth, 

Salop,    linen  draper,    June    u —  Herbert  T. 
Bernard  street,    Russell    square,    merchant. 
May  30 — Heseltine  li.    Beech  street.  Barbi- 
can, oil  and  hop  merchant,  May  so — Hetrell 
J.    Exeter,    corn  merchant,  June  is — Hill  J. 
Rotherithe,    merchant,  June  3 — Mine  J.   Ex- 
eter,   money   scrivener,    May  27 —  Holder  J. 
Painswick,    Gloucester,    butcher,    May   9 ; — 
Holding  J.    Wentwartb  street,   Whitechapel, 
sugar  refiner,    June  24 —  Hoimc   D.   Picca- 
dilly, warehouseman,  May  27 — Hughes  J.  F. 
Wigmcre  street,  bookseller,  May  lb— Hunt  E. 
Duke's  row ,    Piinlico,    painter   and   glazier, 
June  27 — Hurry  J.   R.  Powlis,  and  J.  Hurry, 
N'.i;''s  Head  Court,  Gracechurch  strict,   mer- 
chants,  May  13 — Isaac  D.   Liverpool,  slop- 
seller,    June  6 — Itter  A.    Wentworth  street, 
Whitechapel,  sugar  refiner,  June  24 — Jackson 
J.   Topsham,  Devon,  lime  burner,  June  14 — 
Joel  M.    High    street,    Shorcditch,    dealer  in 
glass  and  earthen  ware,  May  30 — Johnson  J. 
Holborn   hill,  lir.cn  draper,  31  ay  9 — Jones  J' 
Brincklow,  Warwick,  coal  dealer,  June  12 — 
Judin  F.  otherwise  F.  J.  Katton  garden,  mer- 
chant, May    16 — Jnxon   E.    and  C.  Birming- 
ham, brass  founders,  May  30 — Kenncrly  W. 
Holm's  Chapel,    Chester,    mercer,    June  1 — 
Lang  J.  Wakefield,  merchant,  May  15 — Lang- 
dale  T.   Mandate,  York,    merchant,    May  29. 
— Lardner   R.    Newton   Popplcford,    Devon, 
worsted   spinner,   June   3 — Lee   S.    Bradford, 
York,   cotton  manufacturer,    May  15 — Leed- 
ham  J.    Hull,  linen  draper,  June  20 — Learn- 
ing J.    Dutton,    Lancaster,    cotton   manufac- 
turer, June  2 — Levi  J.  I.  Haydon  square,  Mi- 
nories,    merchant,  May   27  —  Lrndegreen   C. 
Mincing  lane,  merchant,   May  27 — LockierJ. 
Bristol,  upholder,  May  20 — Loveday  C.  Pains- 
wick, Gloucester,  clothier,  June  7 — Lovell  J. 
Houudsditch,  baker,  June  3 — Lucas  W  Cheap- 
side,  warehouseman,  May  30 — Ludlow  J.  Old 
Sudbury,  Gloucester,  money  scrivener,  Julys — 
Maclaurin  D.   Watling  street,  warehouseman, 
May    16  —  Maitland   M.    Thornley    Cottage, 
Surry,  chemist — Martin  H.  Birmingham,  horn 
button  maker,  May  30 — Matthews  II.  and  J. 
Jones,     Aberystwith,    Cardigan,     June    5  — 
Maugham  R.     Brentford,   draper,  May  20 — 
Medhurst  W.   Ross,  Hereford,  innholder,  May 
2(3 — Medley  C.  Bolt-iu-Tun  inn,  Fleet  street, 
coach  master,    May   lG — Mencelin  J.  and  D. 
Amick,  Cheapsid^,  perfumers,  June  13 — Mer- 
cer W.   Mile  end,  horse  dealer,  June  3 — Mor- 
gan J.  Llanfair-ary-brin,  Carmarthen,  timber 
merchant,  May  30 — Morton  C.  Croydon,  horse 
dealer,  May  lu — Mure  II.    R    M.  and  W.  M. 
Fenchurch  street,  merchant,,  July  29 — Nantes 
H.  Warnford  court,  Throgmorton  street, mer- 
chant, May  27 — Newell  J.    and  S.  Stoke,  Staf- 
ford, curriers,  May  30 — Nichol!s  W.   Bristol, 
tallow    chandler,    May   20 — Ogilvie   W.    jun. 
G.  Mylne,    and  J.  Chalmers,  Jeffrey's  square, 
merchants,  June  3 — Ogilvy  \\  .  F.     Miuories, 


druggist,    May  23  —  Ogle  J.    esq.   Pickwick; 
Wilts,  and  YY.  Walton,  Liverpool,  merchants, 
May  29 — Page  J.    Bishopsgate  street,  ha)    1 
dasher,   June  2/ — Pascce  J.    Plymouth   dock, 
mercer,  June  :.; — Pearce  E.  Hayinarkct,  mu- 
sic  seller,    June    3 — Pears   S.     Bread   street, 
warehouseman    ami   factor,    J.  Watson,   sen. 
and  jun.  and  J.Watson,  Preston,  Lancaster, 
cotton  manufacturers,    May  27  —  Pollard  J. 
Manchester,  cotton  spinner,  May  29 — Pollard 
W.   Manchester,    cotton  spinner,    May   29 — 
Pollard  J.  and  W.    Manchester,  cotton  spin- 
ners,   May  80— -Powditch  G.    Liverpool,  ma- 
riner, June  9 — Prentice  J.  Boston,  York,  dea- 
ler and  chapman,  May  24 — Preston   B.   Hol- 
born, linen  draper,  July  e — Procter  W.  Great 
Ealing,  dealer  in  hay,  June  27 — Pullen  W.  H. 
Dartmouth,  Devon,  spirit  dealer,  June  27—* 
Rains  J.  Ashford,    Shropshire,    farmer,  May 
18 — RaltonJ.    Egremont,  Cumberland,  mer- 
cer,   May   20'  —  Richardson  W.    New  Cross, 
Surry,  baker,    May    27 — Roberts  D.  Trump 
street,  warehouseman,  June  3 — Rodd  E.  Lon- 
don street,  merchant,  June  3 — Rose  J.   Road, 
Somersetshire,  farmer,  May  31 — Ruddock  N. 
Monkwearmouth  Shore,    Durham,     butcher, 
May  29 — Salter  T.  Trinity  square,  Tower  hill, 
merchant,    June  29 — Savory   C.    Southwark, 
victualler,  June  24 — Scotney  W.  V.   Oxford  st. 
linen  draper,  June  3 — Sharp  R.  Armley,  York, 
drysalter,    June    5  —  Shaw  J.    Heights,    near 
Delph,  York,  cotton  spinner,  May  25 — Smith 
J.    Saffron   hill,    grocer,    May  lb— Steel   W. 
Brentford,  linen  draper,  May  20 — Stockley  M. 
Strand,   grocer,  May  lti — Surmau  W.    and  E. 
Ford,    Cheltenham,  linen  drapers,   June  8 — 
Taylor  J.  sen.  and  jun.   Cockspur  street,   boot 
and  shoemakers,  June  3. — Thompson  J.  Li- 
verpool,   merchant,   May   19 — Thompson   A. 
and  B.  White,  Bow  lane,   wholesale  hosiers, 
June  3 — Troutbrck  C.  Rathbone  place,  uphol- 
sterers,   May  30 — Turnbull  J.    J.  Forbes,  R. 
A.  Crauford,  and  D.  Skene,  Broad  street,  mer- 
chants,  May  6— Tut  her  T.  P     Holborn  hill, 
linen  draper,  June  3 — Lllock  M.  and  M  Chat- 
ham, linen  drapers,  June? — UnwiuJ.  Wands- 
worth, miller,  June  10 — Upcott  J.  R.  Bedmin- 
ster,  grocer,  May '26 — Wake  W.  Spital  square, 
silk  weaver,  July  IS — Watson  J.  jun.   and  P. 
Catterall,  Preston,  cotton  spinners,  June  1 — 
Watson  W.  Great  Cambridge  street,  Hackney 
road,  builder,  June  20 — Webb  J.  R.  Chertsey, 
Surry,  grocer,  June  10 — Whitaker  J.    senior, 
and  W.  Whitaker,   Stockport,  and  J.  Whit- 
aker, jun.  Cheadle,    Cheshire,   cotton  manu- 
facturers,   June  8 — Williams    H.    Chepstow, 
Monmouth,  merchant,  May  22 — Wills  T.  H. 
Lamb's  Conduit  street,  linen  diaper,  June  6 
— Winter  W.  and  T.  F.  Hay,  Long  Acre,  lare- 
men,  May   30 — Wise  J.   Manchester,   cotton 
merchant,  June  2 — Wood  J.    Burnley,    Lan- 
caster,   apothecary,    May  23  — ■  Woodroof  E. 
Woolaston,    Gloucester,     iron    manufacturer, 
May  22 — Yeates  T.  London,  merchant,  June 
29 — Zinek  II.   Liverpool,  merchant,  May  31. 


Vrmtcd,  fur  R.  AcKF.RMAN  N",  by  Jlurrison  $  Rutlcr,  373,  Strand. 


jiil 


Heposttorp 


OP 


ARTS,  LITERATURE,  COMMERCE, 

Manufactures,  Fashions,  and  Politics, 
For  .11  HE,  1800. 


^upplrmcnt,  CIol.  I. 


[BELLISHME1S 

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CONTEN1 


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Directions  to  the  Binder  for  placing  the  Plates 
in  the  First  Volume. 


122 


Page 
No.  I.   1 .  Ladies'  Walking  and  Even- 
ing Full  Dress,  to  face  .     52 

2.  Ackermann's Repository  of 

Arts 53 

3.  Chaise  Longue  and  Win- 

dow-Seat   54 

4.  Dead  Game $6 

Allegorical     Wood  -  cut 

with  Patterns  ,     5S 

Ladies'  Half  Dress 
Dancing  Dress   . 
Wedgwood  and  Byerlcy's 

Rooms 102 

Pointers 95 

Patent  Landau  .      .     •     .123 
Allegorical  Wood-cut  with 

Patterns 12t 

III.  10.  Ladies' Walking  Dress  .  185 

11.  Opera  Dress      .     •     •     .186 

12.  Harding,  Howell,  and  Co.'s 

Magazine       .     .     •     .187 

13.  Setters 155 

1  4.  Ladies'  Secretaire  and  Par- 
lour Chair      .     •     •     -188 

Allegorical  Wood-cut  with 

Patterns Is9 

No.  IV.  15.  Ladies'  Full  Dress         }  2  )9 
16.  -Walking  Dress  S  ~ 


II.  5. 

<;. 

7. 

8. 
9. 


328 


Page 
No.  IV.  17.  Lackington  and  Co's  Tem- 
ple of  the  Muses  .     .  25 1 

18.  Spaniels    .    '.     •     ■     -238 

19.  Window-Curtain       .     .  254 
Allegorical  Wood -cut  with 

Patterns      ....  255 

V.  20.  Water  Spaniels    .     .     .  305 

21  Sofa-Bed 331 

22  Pellatt  and  Green's  Shew- 

Room 330 

23.  Ladies'  Ball  Dress 
24, Walking  Dress 

Allegorical  Wood-cut  with 
Patterns      ....  332 

VI.  25.  Red  Grouse     .     .     •     .37  8 
26.  Dejtuner  or  Work-Tahle, 

Footstool,    Drawing- 
Room  Tabouret  and 

Chair 400 

View  of  Carlton-House    399 

>  400 
Promenade  Do-   } 

Allegorical  Wood-cut  with 

Patterns     ....   400 

Supplement.  Frontispiece  to  the  Vol. 

Map  of  Martinique  .     .419 

Ladies'  Head-dresses    .    494 

Portrait  of  Cochrane    .      ib* 


27. 
21. 
29. 


Ladies' Walking  Dress 


Besides  the  above,   the  Volume  is  interspersed  with  eight  vood-cuts. 


ERRATA. 


Pi    col  2    lines,  for  mmk  read  work. 
f  S ■?Wi.,SaL1i2U  for  ProSress^Pr^s. 

If  re,   1,  line  8  from  the  bottom,  for  Aatonine  read  Antony. 
is?  col  i,  line  33,  for  rude  read  nude. 
017'  col  3,  lipei,  for  muriatic  read  oxymunatut. 

3™    coi   2,  li»e  (),  after  standard  add  work. 
36o'  col  1,  line  33,  for  memmeno  read  nemmeno. 

— '"„  ~  ■  r~  ifSSrSrS  P-  M4  ^  perfect  ^  perfectibility  read 
,„  the  intellectual  ^pass^c^JOSto^  perfectl bility. 


JUposttorp 


09 


ARTS,  LITERATURE,  COMMERCE, 

Manufactures^  Fashions^  and  Politics^ 

For  .It  \F.   1800. 


fbtqnltmntt,  cicl.  i. 


Till'  Itlffi   l^«'   <)!'  it.' 


I  In-  prmiae  thut's  worth  tmbitioo,  i»  tttaiu'd 

H\  sense  aluiii-,   auiJ  dignitj  ol  mind. 


AilM-niONu. 


PREFACE  TO  THE  INTELLECTUAL  COMPASi 

In  the  present  revolutionary  and 
aw  in!  crisis  of  tin'  moral  world,  the 
fable  of  Hercules  and  the  i 
should  be  strongly  impressed  upon 
tin"  recollection  ami  attention  of 
mankind,  in  which  Jupiter,  when 


Young  calls  it  the  solar  Ugkt  of 

.  which  fructifies  with  its  heat 

<>t  '^.-iiius  :    and   the    lumir   light  of 

science)  which  shines  in  borrowed 
effulgence,  without  fractif)  ing  ' 
\l  i:i\  ofthe  French  authors  take 


called  upon  fur  his.  aid  to  extricate  notice  of  the  in  war  important  dis- 

inan  from  misery,  declared  that  he  (motion  of  the  be!  < prii  from  bon 

had  given  to  man  competent  powers  esprit;  but  none  of  these  have 

for  ever  j  purpose  of  his  exist  rested  any  character  of  the  distinc* 

and  directed  the  carter  it*  put  his  tion,  or  anyx>f  the  momentous  con* 

shoulders  to  the  wind,  and  lift  it  sequences  to  be  drawn  from  it. 


from  the  rut  of  impediment. 

Modern  authors,  in  their  pro- 
ii  r>  ss  of  science  beyond  the  ancients, 
have  made  ■  most  momentous  dis- 

OOVerv   of  a  tUl.    oi    whose  Mature 

ami  consequences  they  seem  to  have 
had  hut  a  very  obscure  glimpse, 
which  is  the  important  distinction 

between  sense  and  science.  Tope 
says, 

Good  seme,  the   precious,  fairest  gift  of  Uca- 

Ull, 

Tho*  no  one  science,  fairly  woith  tlic  NTqpL 
Sup.    Vol.  1. 


Reflecting  upon  the  above  <ir- 
cumstances,  it  occurred  to  my 
thoughts,  that  man  hid  stopped 
short  in  the  developement  ofhii 
tellectual  powers,  and  resembled 
ly  the  Sow  state  of  the  devc- 
Lopement  of  his  physical  poi 
as  when  creeping  on  all  fours  like 
the  brute  ;  and  if  Jupiter  in  the 
table  was  now  to  command  him  to 
use  his  understanding  to  extricate 
himself  from  the  pre>ent  awful  mo- 
ral catastrophe,  Ue  would  bv  a*  in- 
H 


406 


INTELLECTUAL    COMPASS. 


capable  to  use  his  mind,  as  in  such 
a  brutal  state  to  have  used  his  shoul- 
der. 

Sense  appears  to  me  to  be  the 
complete  developement  ofthe  organ 
of  thought  or  internal  sense,  as  sight 
the  developement  of  the  eye,  or 
language  the  developement  of  the 
innate  faculty  of  speech  ;  and  if 
man  was  taught  to  think  and  to 
reason,  as  well  as  to  know  and  re- 
member the  ideas  and  reasoning  of 
others,  the  sense  of  thought  would 
be  as  competent  to  direct  his  con- 
duct to  right  action,  as  all  the  other 
senses  :  it  would  no  doubt  be  liable 
to  more  mistakes  ;  but  these  would 
be  considerably  lessened  in  number, 
if  we  would  use  it  with  the  clue  of 
experience  like  any  ofthe  other  sen- 
ses. No  man  pretends  to  see  into 
things  that  are  removed  from  the 
boundaries  of  vision,  or  employ 
any  of  his  external  senses  beyond 
the  powers  of  their  organs  :  and  if 
he  would  use  his  understanding 
with  the  same  precaution,  though 
liable  to  errors,  it  would  be  com- 
petent to  all  the  purposes  of  human 
happiness,  in  such  a  degree  as 
would  be  compatible  with  existing 
circumstances  and  progressive  pow- 
ers of  perfect  uability  :  to  effect 
which  purpose,  I  have  composed 
the  following  compass  ;  and  if  the 
navigator's  compass  was  esteemed  an 
inestimable  discovery,  to  open  an 
intercourse  between  the  different 
nations  of  the  world,  how  shall  we 
estimate  this  moral  compass,  whose 
invention  appears  at  a  moment 
(when  discord  is  threatening  uni- 
versal wreck  to  social  life)  to  dis- 
cipline the  opinions,  desires,  and 
energies  of  mankind  ;  when  the 
mind,  having  no  powers  but  the 
mere 'technical  intellect  of  science. 


is  calling  out  for  a  standard  of 
sense,  or  light  of  reason,  truth,  and 
nature,  to  save  the  world  from  a 
moral  chaos. 

The  function  of  the  technical  in- 
tellect of  science  is  to  invent  or  re- 
member the  fixed  qualities,  and 
their  absolute  quantities,  in  the  phy- 
sical arts  or  sciences  ;  while  the  high 
powers  of  essential  intellect  or  sense, 
elaborate  and  calculate,  in  wide  re- 
lations, subtle  discriminations  and 
comprehensive  comparisons,  the  de- 
licate shades  and  blending  differ- 
ences of  moral  ideas  and  their  con- 
clusions, in  preponderant  degrees 
of  probability,  to  estimate  the  pre- 
dicament and  theory  of  Avell-being, 
in  time  and  futurity,  upon  the 
standard  of  Epicurus,"  viz. 

To  tolerate  a  present  evil,  or  lesser 
good,  to  avoid  or  obtain  a  greater 
in  futurity.  That  is,  how  long  war 
is  to  be  borne  to  procure  peace  ? — 
how  much  restraint  is  to  be  tolerated 
to  procure  civil  liberty  ?  — how 
much  personal  influence  is  to  be  to- 
lerated to  procure  constitutional  go- 
vernment ? — and  how  much  prac- 
tical or  conventional  morality  is  to 
be  employed  to  procure  a  state  of 
virtue  or  happiness  ? 

When  man  shall  acquire  the  pro- 
per use  and  discipline  of  his  inter- 
nal sense  of  thought,,  according  to 
the  laws  of  its  nature,  he  will  no 
more  misapply  or  forget  the  use  of 
it,  than  he  can  the  use  of  his  ex- 
ternal senses  ;  and  instead  of  retro- 
grading, after  the  example  of  the 
modern  Romans,  Greeks,  Egyp- 
tians, and  other  ancient  nations,  he 
will  advance  in  a  constant  and  irre- 
trogradable  progress  of  sense,  to  the 
pcrfectuable  good  of  the  whole  sensi- 
tiveand  mundane  system  in  time  and 
futurity. 


INTELLECT!.' AT,  < 


407 


Till:  NATURE    WD  OPERATION  OF  Till:  COMPASS. 


The  intellectual  compan  offense, 
<>\  essential  intellect]  distinguished 
from  the  technical  intellei  I  of  m  l« 
ence,  to  discipline  flu-  u  ill  and  the 
understanding  according  to  the  lawi 
of  sensation,  Pounded  on  obsei  i  &■ 
tion  and  es  perience  of  the  phj 
laws  of  nature,  as  expl  tined  and 
discovered  in  the  ojms  maximum. 

■TMPATI11     nil     NAGNBTK      MEDIUM. 

Self-love  influenced  and  ••ni'i  ' 
!»v  ,s\ mpai'iv  (the  great  principle 
of  harmony  in  (!:«•  mora]  world, 
correspond in<;  to  gravitation  in  the 
physical  world),  todcvclopc  its.  ca- 


ll u  iii'  ■  into  in  ni'isf   just  and 
hit  il  n  I  itioni  "i  energj .  ln\  ing  i' 
,i  (enden<  j    to  the   pole   "i   i 
truth,  01  ivi !•  in  "i  hum ei hJ  goodj 
in  time  and  futui  itj  - 

The  pole  of  moral  truth  ii  formed 
by  the  identification  «»i  telf-int< 
with  universal  good  in  the  organi- 
zation of  the  desires,  powers,  and 
interesti  of  tin-  whole  human 
cici  in'"  one  system,  combinio 
relation!   i<>  all  sensitive  life   and 
the   whole  <>f  nature,   to   pro*  nre 
universal  good  to  the  mun 
lem  in  lime  and  futcu  il 


INTELLECTUAL  COMPASS 


\',i.  t.                    •    Tnstrm  Hon, 

n?  6  /  y^\^- 

^^^"^     ^ssV"'/: 

^.XX  o 

No.  k              \ 

(  c  s.'i  (  TORES           \ 

/&   /     N>"-  '•      \\ 

/"V      /            IDEAS             \\ 

r<  i  mi  il  bj  Analog                         \ 

kilin                  •  in  e>                \ 

/a       /     tiu-iTK'il  li)   the    l  i         \ 
/    g       /     cutties  of  Sensation,        \ 
j    R      1      Pen    |ition,  <  'ok  p 

f — -h      j       i .hi.,  .i....  Mi  moi  \ 

»»_      N<>    .      Pivot  of  Sincerity. 

|j-.'|                                               / 

I \        \                           I!<  lli  (  linn, 

\    \      \                  Imagination, 

-\\                          k 

\    \      \                    '        °"> 
\    \    \                  '      'L 
\       \\     \        SENTIMENTS 

\                \            \.           ^N.             '        '    ' 

\  <■ 

~A\         PH  \y  i  ASMS                 I 

^~\  \      brn  1  by  1        \               / 

•^  \  \             HI.!.  ;   (  i  •!.  Ill    of                     / 

^  \\           Thiagi               / 

y 


No.  7.     7      B 


i, 


3  II  2 


408 


INTELLECTUAL    COMPASS. 


Explanation  of  the  Mechanism  of 
the  Compass. 
No.  1.  The  needle  of  judgment 
touched  or  magnetized  by  sympa- 
thy, oscillating  towards  the  pole  of 
moral  truth,  with  its  temper  of  ra- 
tional doubt  ;  the  definite  qualifies 
and  quantities  on  the  fixed  index  of  I 


logy,  and  must  in  som?  measure  in- 
fluence human  action,  but  it  can 
give  no  rule  or  direction  to  it. 

No.  5.  The  pivot  of  sincerity, 
which  removes  the  action  of  the 
compass  from  all  influence  of  the 
will,  and  all  the  influence  of  the 
moral  elements,  that  intellect   may 


science  ;  and  the  indefinite,  but  (lis-     take  cognizance  of  a  moral  proposi- 


tinguishable,  characters  and  quan- 
tifies of  moral  evidence  upon  the 
ungraduated  index  of  sense  ;  whose 
conclusions  or  angles  of  approxima- 
tion to  the  pole  are  to  be  estimated, 
like  the  maritime  longitude,  by  the 
accuracy  of  the  instruments  and 
observation,  as  these  by  the  recti- 
tude or  accuracy  of  the  compass  of 
intellect. 

No.  2.  The  exterior  index  of  sci- 
ence, graduating  the  definite  and 
specific  quantities  and  qualities  of 
things  in  the  argumentation  ol 
knowledge,  as  fixed  and  absolute 
in  its  conclusions  of  system. 

No.  3.  The  interior  index  of 
sense,  with  no  graduations  of  defi- 
nition, but  only  approximate  dis- 
tinctions of  quality  and  quantity, 
whose  angles  of  incidence  with  the 
pole  of  truth  can  be  estimated  only 
by  the  accuracy  of  the  compass  and 
the  powers  of  ratiocination. 

No.  4.    The  cardinal  points   of 
intellectual  discipline,   marked   by 
the  four  classes  of  thought,  called 
ideas,  sentiments,  conjectures,  and 
phantasms  :  the  two  first  carrying 
in  their  functions  all  the  direction 
of  human  action,  contain  all  the  fa- 
culties in  their  points  or  compart- 
ments, whose  operations  are  limited 
by  observation  and  experience. — 
Conjectures  founded  on  rational  ana- 
logy,   passing  beyond  experience, 
will  have  an  influence  on  thought 
in  proportion  to  the  force  of  ana- 


tion,    with  all  the  indifference  at- 
taching to  a  physical  proposition. 

No.  6.  The  traversers  or  equi- 
poises, formed  by  the  virtues  of 
thought,  sympathy,  fortitude,  and 
wisdom,  to  preserve  the  compass  on 
a  just  level  and  free  vibrations 
against  external  impulses  of  pas- 
sion, prejudice,  custom,  and  in- 
stinct. 

No.  7.    The  box  or  cover  of  the 
compass  of  mind,  formed  by  liberal 
and  philosophic  conversation  ;   lec- 
ture  of   free-thinkers  on    the   allr 
important  science  of  man  and  na- 
ture ;  and,  above  all,  by  travels  or 
residence    in    various    countries  of 
savage,    demi-civilized,    and  civic 
nations  :    these   causes    produce    a 
i  temperament  of  sense  and  virtue  that 
I  prevents  the  dust  and  influence  of 
social  intercourse  befouling  the  me- 
chanism of  the  compass,    and  se- 
cures if  from  the  dogmatic  habitudes 
of  science,  or  the  prejudices  of  lo- 
cal custom,  law,  and  instinct. 
Instructions    for   the    Use  of  the 
Compass. 
1st  Rule. — To  study  the  op  usmax- 
imum,  and  all  works  of  philosophy 
that  can  make   us  acquainted  with 
the  laws  of  sensation  and  the  intel- 
ligible constitution  of  man  and  na- 
ture, framed  on  observation  and  ex- 
perience,   or  conducted  beyond  it 
by   rational  and    conceivable   ana-? 
logy,    to   excite  human  energy  to, 
develope  itself  into  perfectuability. 


-  ;  I  r  r  Tr  at.   (  OM  P      I 


4'K) 


SW  ft?'/V. — To  d  the  ca« 

pacitiet  di  w ise  self-love    in   ■ 

relations  of  locality  ,  ; 

instinct,  in  (In-  universal  relation  <>i 

manhood  •.  and  '<»  unite  t!     | 

iml  inters  sfs,  <>i  fin-  whole 
l  -,   into  <»n''  great 

pit  il  .  :n  which 

the  individual  would  acquire  on  in- 
finite increase  of  energy,  like  glo- 
bules in  ;»   torrent,    one  of  r 
would    nin    stop   ;i    feat  In  r.    while 

iverl    the 
mountain  froi  i   11  and  tints 

(lie  systematized  energies  of  the 
■u  hole  species  woi  I  !  op<  i  ate  to  pro- 
duce iin.  "ntl,  and  annihi- 
late  universal  ei  il. 

3d  Rule, — To  observe  the   im- 
mense  difference  :"i«l  distant 
tween  the  pole  of  abstract  truth,  or 
perfe<  tuablc  goo  I,  and  the  p 
of  practical  good,    determined   by 
the   predicament  of   existing  r[r. 
curastances,  and  the  • 
cuius   of  i  n  terra  odified    <_r,'"d    and 
evil,  conducting  of  iroprov- 

i  according  t  lieral 

tin,  revol  in  I    •    iouble 

center  of  a  practical  axis  and  theo- 
retic i  ertex,  m  di  ial  institu- 
tions the  means  of  intellectual  im- 
provement* 

\th  Rule. — To  acquire  that  rare 
temperament  of  doubt  in  the  • 
or  faculty  of  judgment  which  forms 
the  eucrasis  of  intelle*  t,  and  distin- 
guishes the  character  of 
<  atial  intellect  from  the  technical 
intellect  ofscience,  u  -.lntic 

habitudes  (!>  - 

sible  to   tin"   i  :   moral 

evidence.  I  >'m11  illustrate  the 
character  of  im; 

in^  \hc  sj),'v  ilati  the  Edin- 

burgh reviev  ig  men  of  the 


| 
I   call,  tei  bnh  bJ  intellect,     'i 
lay  tl 

Iter :  th< 

mid   form  no  din       I 
ill*  n  of  man.     Th 

'finite  i 

ilutc  defin 
tainable  in  v. 

lence  of  i!iiii:r> :  b  .t  disti 
both  theft 
quires,  in.    Mr. 

<•!(,  the  author  o!  , 

a  man  of  great  natural  talent,  forms 
another  ii  le  ■<!  thi 

differ*  nee  bet  n  en  the 

t     f  science       I  .1 

intellci  t  of  sense :  he  o  •  rvea,  t  fiat 
do  six  mi  i  >•  Q|  on  a  defint- 

To 

i  I  re]  v  uraot 

form  an  efficient  and  useful  di 

:' 
definition,  as  a  rule  of  conduct  or 

|   op;-.        .  :i-t    be   six    I 

;;  that  should  bed 

titutional  order. 
Rule. —  i  well  the 

great  difference  between  the  de 
strations  of  physical  sciem    . 
by  other  men's  minds,  and  (  I 

by  the  single  faculty  of  memory 
inioourov.il,  and  the  nice  and  du- 
bious shades  «»:  moral  distinctions, 
and  their 

<  :lusion,  * !;i.  h  most  all  be  per 
ed  by  the  mind  itself,  mid  measured 
by  no  other  standard  than  the  accu- 

intellectual 
I  must  again  cite  the  supreme  jud- 
i  hnic  .1  intellect,  tin*  i 
ii  reviewers,  who  say,  in  ihc'.r 
,  Leckie'a  £ 
;       land  has  tyranny  in  its  govern- 
all  others,  and  that 
is  no  other  difference  than  tl 
gree,  which  seems  to  them  but  a 


410 


INTELLECTUAL    COMPASS. 


consideration.  Let  me  ask  these 
doctors  of  science  what  makes  a 
man  tall  ?  the  degree — what  makes 
a  man  good  ?  the  degree — what 
makes  a  nation  or  government  good 
or  bad  ?  the  degree, — and  such  is 
the  ratiocination  of  sense  or  com- 
paring reason  opposed  to  the  argu- 
mentation of  science.  This  exam- 
ple of  the  errors  of  technical  intel- 
lect will  sufficiently  explain  the 
distinct  characters  of  sense  and  sci- 
ence :  the  latter  applied  to  the  tri- 
vial arts  of  the  conveniences  and 
luxuries  of  life,  while  sense  can 
alone  dcvelope  the  energies  of  man- 
hood in  the  moral  science,  into  its 
true  category  of  existence,  as  an 
instrumental  member  or  part,  to 
procure  the  good  of  its  integral  ma- 
chine of  nature  in  the  mundane  sys- 
tem (the  locality  of  its  competent 
power)  in  time  and  futurity. 

Science  has  all  its  terms  and  quan- 
tities, specific  and  definite,  and 
their  conclusions  fixed  and  abso- 
lute. Sense  requires  only  distinc- 
tion of  terms,  without  definition,  and 
probable  degrees,  not  fixed  and  po- 
sitive quantities  in  its  conclusions. 
Science  conducts  its  process  in  ar- 
gumentation, which  takes  its  pre- 
mises for  granted.  Sense  forms  its 
process  with  ratiocination,  taking 
nothing  for  granted,  but  analyzing 
things  into  their  elements. 

6th  Ride. — Toobserve  in  the  four 
classes  of  thought,  as  the  cardinal 
points  of  the  compass,  that  the  laws 
of  nature  have  made  self-love  and 
sympathy  in  ideas  and  sentiments 
of  observation  and  experience,  com- 
petent to  all  the  direction  of  human 
conduct,  through  moral  evidence 
in  the  sensations  of  good  and  evil. 
Yet  the  constitution  of  nature  exhi- 
bits a  strong  physical   fact   in  the 


science  of  animal  chemistry,  which 
is,  the  constant  transmutation  of 
matter  from  one  mode  or  person 
into  all  surrounding  modes  or  per- 
sons, to  retribute,  in  a  multiplicate 
ratio,  the  agency  of  good  or  evil, 
ina  diffused  and  multiplied  state  of 
patuncy,  which  fact  aids  the  moral 
science,  and  must  excite  man  to  ad- 
vance towards  perfect  liability,  which 
developes  self-interest  into  its  incal- 
culable relations  of  matter  through- 
out the  whole  sensitive  system  in 
time  and  futurity. 

7th   Rule. — To  take  impressive 
notice,    that   though   the   class   of 
thought,  called  conjectures,  can  be 
of  no  use    to  guide  or  direct   the 
mode  of  human   conduct,  yet  that 
they  carry  in  them  an  irresistible  in- 
fluence on  the    imagination    to   ad- 
vance in  perfect  liability,  when  their 
analogies  are  conducted    with    any 
degree  of  conceivability  and   rea- 
son.    E.  g.  If  it  is  a  fact  of  expe- 
rience that  the  indestructible  atoms 
of  a  human  body  transmute    every 
moment  into  innumerable  bodies  in 
its  vicinity  or  neighbourhood,  it  is 
a  clear  analogical  conjecture,  that 
the}r  transmute  into  a    nation,  and 
also    into    every     nation    over  the 
whole  surface  of  the  globe,  which 
unites  the  interests  of  all  sensitive 
life,  and  thus  excites  to  the  deve- 
Iopement  of  manhood  into  its  ener- 
gies   of  universal  good.     Conjec- 
ture also  may  form  the  analogy   of 
universal  transmutation  into  all  the 
planets  and  systems  of  nature  in  the 
laws  of  chemical  affinity  ;  and  thus 
man  is  elevated,  in  thought,  into  a 
consolatory  co-existence,  and  unity 
of    interest,    essence,     and   power, 
with  all  nature,  according  to  Pope. 
We   must   observe,    however,  that 
as  the  circle  of  this  compartment  or 


I  \   I  I    I .  I    1  (    I   I     «M       I 


411 


<  ardinal  point  !ii  no  marked  de- 
gree!) ami  Hie  needle  of  judgment 
no  operation,  but  in  the  compart- 
ment of  ideas  and  sentiments,  the 
influence  of  conjecture!  hai e  n<> 
standard  bul  anali 

S/A  Rule.      To  consider  (lir  class 

of  phantasms  operated  on  by  the 
faculty  of  fancy,  ai  useful  only  in 
(he  sportive  recreations  <>i  fable  and 
poetry,  as  a  source  "I  intellectual 
pleasure.  The)  may  be  sometimes 
useful  auxiliaries  to  instruction,  or 
become  the  clue  <>i  sociul  order  in 
religious  mj stcries,  to  Buppoi i,  as 
with  leading-strings,  tin-  infantile 
neason  of  improvable  manhood. 

{Mh  little. — For  the  conducl  of 
the  virtues.  To  exercise  though! 
in  forming  the  greatest  number  of 
ideas,  of  the  greatest  importance  in 

the     moral    science,      in     oar    own 

minds  ( instead  of  remembering  those 
of  oilier  mind!  in  the  physical  sci- 
ence^), which  produces  mental  sen- 
sibility,  the  main-spring    of  moral 

energy.  To  exercise  sympathy  bo 
a.s  to  receive  the  most  intimate  and 
impressive  notice  of  the  pains  and 
pleasure!  of  sensitive  life,  without 
their  causing  too  much  pain  or  re- 
gret iii  our  own  minds.  To  exercise 
the  virtue  of  sincerity,  so  as  to  cre- 
ate the  most  ardent  love  of  truth, 
that  may  prevent  the  will  from  all 
influence  upon  ratiocination,   and 

that    we    may    take    cognizance    of 

moral  propositions  with  all  the  in- 
difference of  physical  truths.  To 
exercise  fortitude,  so  as  to  enable 

us  to  triumph  over  custom,  and  in- 
stinct, ami  prejudice,  and  to  sur- 
render life,  when  death  holds  out 
more  advantage  to  individual  and 
universal  good.  To  exercise  wis- 
dom iu  th«  discipline   of  the  a> ill 


and    (he     |  IS    to 

unite  .nid  idcot it \    i he  predicament 
and   theory   of  -  ilf-intcrest    i 
i  n  I  it  ions  of  unh 

lime  and  IiiIumI  v  . 

It)///  A\  For  the  (  andnct  <»f 
thought  in  discipline,  as  exhib 

l)\    the  comp  i    - . 

Ideas  t<»  be  formed  from  existing 
or  post  facts,  exhibited  to  the  i  x - 
pcrience  of  bui  oa n  sensati 

Sentiments  to  he  formed  by  | 

jecting  sin  h   ideas    inlo  their  cxpe- 

riroental  im  provability. 
Conjectures  to  he  formed  by  con- 

Oeivable  and    rational   ana! 

produce  a  beneficent  influence  on 
thought,  but  no  guidance  Cot  can* 

duct. 

Phantasms  to  be  regarded  as  ab- 
surd   actions   of   thought,     without 

any  relations  to  thing!  j  ;i>  nn  re  in- 
tellectual amUS  •meiil,  and  some- 
times commend. d>le  deception,  w  here 
any  utility  is  proposed. 

Il//i  little.  —  For  the  conduct  of 
the  faculties. 

The  faculiy   of  sensation  t<>  h  • 

screwed  up  by  the  exercise  of 
thought,  like  a  musical  (hold,  to 
ils    highest    degree    of   tensity,    to 

produce  the  exquisite  tact  of  - 
distinguished  from  the  technical  me- 
mory of  science. 

The  faculty  of  perception  to  de- 
rive all  its  acumen  of  discernment 
of  the  nice  distinctions  ami  dubious 
probabilities  of  the  moral  science, 
from  its  degree!  of  mental  sensi- 
bility. 

The  faculty  of  conception,  when 
used  as  a  directory   to   human  con- 
duct, it  must  have  its  powers  bound- 
ed by  fii't  and  experience,  or 
and  sentiments  ;  and  win" 
excite  a  useful  or  consolatorv  inilu- 


Ill 


INTELLECTCAT,    COMPASS. 


cvicc.  in  thought,    it  must  be  con- 
ducted  by   close   and    conceivable 
analogy,    as  the  habitation  of  the  | 
planets,  the  dissolution  of  the  globe,  | 
and  the  transmutation  of  matter  into  j 
exfraraandane  systems. 

The  faculty  of  memory  has  two 
departments  or  functions  ;  the  one 
to  record  ideas  of  our  own,  or  other 
minds,  and  which  belongs  to  tech- 
nical intellect  ;  and  the  function  of 
recollecting  or  restoring,  simulta- 
neously, the  fleeting  combinations 
of  thought,  in  reasoning  a  question, 
or  deliberating  upon  conduct  :  this 
belongs  to  essential  intellect,  unci 
appears  to  be  (he  faculty  which  con- 
stitutes the  high  character  of  intel- 
lect, called  sense,  as  distinguished 
from  that  of  science  ;  and  the  ex- 
cellence of  mental  power  seems  to 
be  determined  by  the  greatest  quan- 
tity of  important  ideas  that  the 
mind  can  seize  upon  and  contem- 
plate in  one  instantaneous  view,  like 
the  portrait-painter,  who  strikes  the 
best  likeness  of  a  subject  in  propor- 
tion to  the  quantity  of  features  he 
can  carry  together  in  his  imagina- 
tion. 

The  faculty  of  reflection  is  to  be 
disciplined  by  remodifyingtheope-  I 
rations  of  the  sense  of  thought  in 
its  organ,  the  brain,  into  the  whole  j 
circle  of  relations  in  the  moral  sci-  j 
ence  of  man  and  nature,  contra: 
with  physical  science,  which  moves  j 
on  the  single  radii  of  one  system, 
and  forms  the  function  of  technical ! 
intellect. 

The  faculty  of  imagination  to  be 
employ  edasan  indegator  of  nature's 
powers,  to  develope  the  capacities 
of  things  into  their  energies,  as  a 
sculptor  is  said  to  invent  a  statue 
from  a  igcp,  which  existed  in  ca- 


pacity,   and  was  only  detected  or 
discovered  in  its  energies. 

The  faculty  of  reason.  The  ra- 
tiocination of  essential  intellect,  or 
sense,  is  to  be  distinguished  from 
the  argumentation  of  science  :  the 
latter  is  employed  to  draw  positive 
conclusion  from  positive  premises. 
Reason,  or  ratiocination  of  sense, 
takes  nothing  for  granted  but  what 
can  be  proved,  and  calculates  every 
thing  in  dubious  distinctions  and 
probabilities,  upon  the  double  scale 
of  practice  and  theory,  to  estimate 
the  predicamental  action  combined 
with  perfectuable  theory. 

The  faculty  of  belief.  This  fa- 
culty is  of  no  use  in  the  intellectual 
compass,  in  the  cognizance  of  doc- 
trines or  science,  but  only  as  a  guide 
to  desultory  action. — E.  g.  If  I  am 
told  there  are  robbers  upon  the  road, 
I  may  believe  the  testimony,  and 
decline  my  journey  ;  but  if  the 
same  testimony  should  propose  to 
my  mind,  through  authority,  the 
utility  of  robbery,  or  its  contrary, 
honesty,  1  must  ratiocinate  these 
subjects  with  the  evidence  of  my 
own  sensations  ;  and  the  testimony 
of  another  man's  sensations  are  in- 
applicable to  doctrines  or  science. 

This  intellectual  compass  is  de- 
void and  presented  to  the  whole 
human  species,  in  its  remote  nations 
and  generations,  as  the  most  bene- 
ficent and  most  energetic  discovery 
of  the  human  mind,  by  John  Stew- 
art, the  universal  traveller,  as  the 
great  object  of  all  his  researches 
and  the  only  true  means  of  deve- 
loping human  energy,  and  to  give 
the  mind  an  i net rogradable progress 
in  sense,  which  science  has  never 
been  able  to  effect. 


I 


Dmtin<  no   i  w  bich  foi  m  the  two 
different  character!  of  the  essen- 
tial    power    of    intellect    called 
Sense,  :iikI  the  mere  technical 
intellect  called  S<  1 1 
.  i 
is  that  action  <>t'  mind  w  hich  takei 
cognizance  of  the  moral  relutions  of 
man  to  all  sensith  e  life,  or  the  h  hole 
of  intelligible  nature,  in  ordei  to 
procure  thedevelopcmcnf  of  his  sen- 
sations into  iIk'  best  state  or  system 
of  well-being  in  lime  and  futui  ii \ . 

M    II'.'     I 

is  that  operation  of  intellect  which 
takes  cognizance  of  all  the  physical 
relation  of  things  thai  constitute  the 
mis  and  sciences,  or  the  universal 
knowledge  of  the  physical  Bystems 
of  nature  in  (heir  laws  or  harmonies, 
condncive  to  the  conveniences, 
luxuries,  and  pleasures,  and  applied 
by  sense  lo  the  knowledge  of  self 
nnd  nature. 

BBNSI 

requires  only  distinctions  of  charac- 
ter in  its  ideas  or  notions,  and  not 
definition. 

I'or  example,  when  I  speak  of  a 

good   or  a    bad    man,    the   idea    of 

sense  is  only  relative  or  comparative 
with  those  qualities  in  other  men  ; 

and  when  sense  compares 

in  its  ratiocination,  vi/.  that  Peter 
is  a  better  man  than  John,  or  that 
England  is  a  better  country  than 
France,  its  conclusions  are  only  an 
estimate  of  preponderant  degrees  of 
probability,  and  not  absolute,  like 
the  axioms  of  science. 

BC 1 1 

demands  positive  definition,  nnd 
more  distinction  would  be  of  DO 
avail  in  its  process. 

For  example,  when  science  treats 
of  number,  quantity,  or  quality  ot 
any  kind,  as  a  circle,   an  angle,  a 

Sup.   Vol.  J. 


power,  i  series,  they  are  all  iden- 
tical and  positive  ideas,  independent 
of  any  comparison  ;   win  n 

11  of 
qualities  and  quanl  I :.   ' 

is  the  half  of  four, 
the  quarter  ot 
of  an  ounce  the  si  uteentb  part  ol 

power  ofa  pound  :   tfa  'I  ab- 

solute,   specific]  !  in  their 

terms  and  conclusions. 

i  ratioei: 

that  i>.  takei  n  ithing  for  granted,  but 

analyzes  moral  character!  and  ;elt- 

tions  into  the  most  remote  and 
ceivable  elements  i  I  liability. 

For  example,  when  sense  ratioci- 
n  ites  the  conduct  of  J  >hn,  and  finds 

it  belter  than  that  of  Peter,    it  must 

go  far  bej  ond  the  \  ulgar  idea  of  mo- 
rality on  a  local  standard,  or  to  the 
ultimate  standard  of  virtue  in  the 

category   of  natural  man,   livin 
B   unity  of  interest   and   en 
the  whole  species  to   procure   the 
greatest  sum  of  self-interest,  identi- 
fied w  ith  univ 

- 
having  all  its  eleme 
has  only  h)  a; 

premises 

F  "  •      ben  the 

:  in  the 
density    and   disk  nee,   become  the 
fixed  principle  "r  first  I  rom 

whence  the  whole  series  ot'  to; 
inductions 

a,  to  form  an  absolute  conclu- 
sion of  system. 

SEN 

Theratiociru  requires 

for  it-  process  tjm  exqui 
mental  sensibility ,  generated 

• 
i'  i 


4M 


iNTr.LLi.rn.At,  compass. 


moral  science,  which  gives  dial  nice 
tut  of  discernment  to.form  the  vari- 
ous and  delicate  distinctions  which 
characterize  ideas,  and  (ho  ampli- 
tude of  propositions  or  comparisons, 
which  complete  the  evidence  of  a 
subject.  The  great  exercise  of 
thought  in  the  moral  science,  pro- 
cures a  strong  recollcctive  power  in 
meditative  memory,  to  present  in 
deliberation,  and  keep  in  one  view, 
all  the  fleeting  relations  that  consti- 
tute an  idea,  and  all  the  ideas  that 
constitute  a  question  ;  which,  like 
the  camelion's  colour,  is  formed  by 
the  general  attitude  of  surrounding 
objects,  as  this  of  the  same  aspect 
of  relations,  one  of  which  being 
changed  or  MX  out,  the  whole  pro- 
cess of  ratiocination  would  be  de- 
ranged ;  and  the  approximation  of 
thought  to  the  probability  of  con- 
clusion, bears  an  exact  ratio  to  the 
strength  of  meditative  memory,  the 
only  standard  of  the  excellence  of 
the  understanding,  which  is  the  ca- 
pacity of  mind  to  form  and  hold  to- 
gether in  one  simultaneous  contem- 
plation or  comparison  the  greatest 
number  of  ideas  that  constitute  the 
consummate  evidence  of  a  question, 
and  by  comparing  them  in  their 
complicate  intermedin" cations  and 
wide  comparisons,  of  good  pro- 
ducing evil  and  evil  producing  good, 
to  determine  that  happy  mean  which 
solves  the  golden  problem  of  Epi- 
curus : 

To  tolerate  a  present  evil  or  lesser 
good, 

To  avoid  or  obtain  a  greater  in 
futurity. 

The  standard  of  truth  and  action 
in  the  moral  science  of  policy,  mo- 
rality, and  the  philosophy  of  human 
ct liability  or  universal  good. 

To  solve,  iliib  important  problem 


according  to  the  Epicurean  stand- 
ard, the  ratiocination  of  sense  must 
take  a  wide  range  of  comparison  : 
and  when  self  is  lamenting  the  loss 
of  some  luxurious  convenience, 
we  should  compare  our  state  with 
that  of  thousands  who  arc  wanting 
all  the  necessaries  of  life  ;  and  when 
our  country  sutlers  from  the  in- 
evitable corruptions  of  human  po- 
licy, we  should  compare  its  de- 
fective excellence  with  the  deplor- 
able despotism  and  loss  of  civil 
order  in  all  surrounding  countries, 
not  to  arrest  the  temperate  correc- 
tion of  abuses,  but  to  guard  against 
fanatical  innovations  and  disastrous 
revolutions. 

This  defective  comparison  of  sense 
has  betrayed  the  universal  imbeci- 
lity of  science,  which  has  supposed 
the  triumph  of  France  to  be  owing 
to  the  corruption  of  governments, 
while  it  was  caused  by  an  impudent 
and  stale  trick  of  feigned  assault,  ex- 
posed by  Caesar,  by  Machiavel,  by 
Marshal  Saxe,  and  recently,  beyond 
all  possibility  of  doubt,  by  British 
bayonets  in  a  long  series  of  easy  and 
bloodless  victories,  where  the  want 
of  embodiment,  and  selfish  levity  of 
French  soldiers,  never  opposed  the 
resistance  of  a  moment  to  British  ma- 
nual conflict  cemented  by  sympathy. 
Notwithstanding  this  historical 
evidence  of  the  trick  of  French 
feigned  assault,  and  the  constant 
detection  of  it  by  British  real  as- 
sault, the  besotted,  technical,  or 
scientific  intellect  of  Europe  does 
not  see  it,  and  attributes  the  tri- 
umph of  France  and  its  horrid  des- 
potism, to  the  bad  governments  of 
all  other  countries,  where  time  and 
usage  have  attempered  arbitrary 
power  to  the  practical  and  improv- 
able happiness  of  ignorant  and  super- 


.  r.r.i:r  i  i  \  i.  c  ,m  i»am. 


415 


stitious  people,  whose  condition  can  ibarisra    wn  the    irorld. 

be  improved  onlj  in  slow  and  im*  Thus  the  mind  of  man,  wh< 
perceptible  degrees,  by  iln-  disco* 
veries  and  influence  of  reason,  truth, 
ami  nature)  originating  from  the 
freedom  «>i  (In'  press  in  those  coun- 
tries of  constitutional  government 
where  the  will  can  be  restrained 
witliou!  arresting  the  energies  of  the 
understanding. 

If  corruption  %v ;is  the  cause  ol 
subjection,  how  is  it  possible  thai 
the  most  corrupt  and  odious  mili- 
tary   oppression  of   France   should 

triumph  over  (he  mild  governments 
of  all  other  nations  ?  No:  the  true 
cause  is  terror,  unrestrained  by  any 

law  or  principle,   which  drives  for- 

ward  their  conscript  children  to  a 
gasconading  assault,  which  throws 
disciplined  Germans  into  confusion 
and  panic,  by  boys  that  an  Austrian 
grenadier  would  cany  a  do/en  of 
upon  his  back,  20,000  of  whom 
were  defeated  and  dispersed  by  three 
troops  of  British  cavalry  on  the 
plains  of  Landrecy  ;  and  this  trick 
of  assault,  which  Bonaparte  calls  his 
secret  of  victory,  has  reduced  the 
moral  world  to  the  same  stale  <>f 
oontingenc)  that  the  physical  world 

would    he   subject    to,     if   shallows 

could  assume  the  powers  of  sub- 
stances;  and  proves  to  demonstra- 
tion, thai  the  human  mind  is  totally 

ignorant  oi  the  laws  of  intellectual 
power   in    the    discipline  of  e 


uid  pui  pc  |  '  in  iu  the 

moral  world,    lor  want  of  (he 

plilie    ol     sense,      |  .      as 

much  exp    ed  to  the  contingency 

oi'  the  physical  eleo 

India  i  lantation  to  a  hurri 

the  (<■  |    (   inn  i    to    I  1 

Th'  n  tut  ion  of  m  ienct 

quires  for  its  process  nol 
operation  <»>  reminiscent,  oi 

ing  memory  ;    no  ezqtl 

discernment    is   nei 

its    ideas    and    propositions    M 

.    p  dp  ible,    an  1    Qxed, 
may  be   reason*  d  or  com 

Ssive   i,n;  iction,    v>  ithout    any 

elloi  i  of  meditative  memorj 

in  oneattitude  or  aspect,  like 
the  fleeting  relations  and  »  u 
moral  science. 

The  various  fa< 
into  no  operal  ion  :  for  it  - 
bet  the    demonstration  of  au\ 
blem,  we  ha\.  »ion  toju 

to  reflect,  or  to  reason  :  ami  ; 
fore  a  man  may  possess  all  th 
anil  - 

city  of  i        •   of  which  Sir   I 
Newton   is  a    lament;;' 
according  :<>  Voltaire,  who 
him,  that  >led  the  em 

1  for  his  gl 
;  in  science,  by  the  total  absence  <>l 

,  ■  e. 


which  makes  the  happiness  of  the  II       Too   much    • 
whole  human  species,  through  rail- 
lions  of  generations,  as  liable  tothe     mory,  and  leav<  i  ao  album  lor  the 


contingency  oi  the  physical  ele- 
ments as  the  product  oi  the  earth  : 
and  if  a  drought,  a  mill-dew,  a 
blight,  or  acorn-fly,  should  destroy, 
tor  one  season,  the  harvest  of  Great 
Britain,  the  triumph  of  France 
would  be  certain,  and  universa 


v   of   r  ive   memorj 

deliberation  ;  and  bj 
the  faculties  of  judgment  and 
gination  to  ;ross,  aarrow, 

conception-,  con;     Ctfl  ofa  ands 

the   line  tact  of  discernment  requi- 
'  site  for  Bense,    in    its 
I  2 


415 


INTIiLLT-CTrAT,    COMPASS. 


new,  and  multiplied  comparisons, 
in  llic  moral  science  of  man  and 
nature. 

sr.NSE 
lias  another  most  important  and  pe- 
culiar distinction  from  science  ; 
which  is,  to  conduct  the  principles 
of  virtue  invariably  to  the  same 
end,  through  means  or  rules  that 
are  apparently  in  contradiction  to 
them. —  E.g.  A  statesman  may 
preserve  the  most  rigid  principles 
of  freedom,  and  yet  direct  the  sus- 
pension of  the  Habeas  Corpus,  its 
great  palladium,  when  circum- 
stances make  the  rule,  though  op- 
posite, still  consistent  with  the  prin- 
ciple; or  he  may  violate  the  neu- 
trality of  an  ally,  if  national  safety 
demands  the  seizure  of  a  fortress 
or  a  fleet. 

At  the  present  awful  crisis,  I  am 
very  apprehensive  if  the  democra- 
tic branch  of  the  constitution  was 
rendered  more  numerous  or  more 
independent  by  reform,  the  coun- 
try would  enjoy  less  liberty  and 
less  foreign  security  :  opinion  would 
fluctuate  in  the  House  of  Commons 
so  frequently,  that  no  minister, 
without  risking  an  impeachment, 
would  dare  to  save  his  country  by 
any  bold  cnterprize  of  personal  re- 
sponsibility, and  the  country  would 
be  alternately  endangered  by  men 
without  sense,  and  by  ********* 
********  without  principle,  who 
would  dupe  the  people,  and  betray 
them  by  their  own  passions,  in  a 
cry  of — no  taxes — no  influence — no 
wars — no  slavery — till  at  last,  with- 
out order,  without  energy,  without 
government,  the  tyrant  would  in- 
vade and  conquer  them,  and  trans- 
port them,  as  he  has  declared,  to 
the  coast  of  Africa,  in  order  to  peo- 
ple this  country  with  obedient  con- 


tinental slaves.  America  would  fall 
in  consequence,  and  its  sovereign 
people  would  be  sent  to  join  their 
English  progenitors,  and  to  bewail, 
in  mutual  recrimination,  their  be- 
stial policy,  in  spite  of  the  example 
of  destructive  jealousy  of  all  the 
other  subjugated  nations  that  quar- 
relled for  the  dirty  interests  of  com- 
merce, while  the  arch  enemy  of 
mankind  was  endeavouring  and  in- 
tending their  total  extirpation,  both 
national  and  individual,  from  the 
face  of  the  earth. 

SCir.NCE 

gives  to  the  mind  thatinflexible  ha- 
bit of  dogma  that  fixes  rules  as  per- 
manent as  principles,  and  the  nee- 
dle of  judgment  has  no  power  to 
oscilate  on  the  index  of  technical 
intellect,  the  conciliation  of  oppo- 
site rules  to  opposite  principles  ; 
and  if  danger  or  safety  should  bring 
the  needle  of  judgment  to  shake, 
conscience  takes  refuge  in  the  most 
drivelling  ideotism,  as  was  instanced 
upon  the  Copenhagen  question, 
when  papers  were  demanded  to 
prove  the  intentions  of  Denmark, 
instead  of  the  expediency  of  the 
measure,  which  directs  all  the  plans 
of  the  continental  tyrant. 

SENSE. 

I  must  again  cite  the  scientific 
argumentation  of  the  Edinburgh  re- 
viewers as  paragons  of  the  technical 
intellect  of  science,  but  tyros  in  es- 
sential intellect  or  sense.  In  their 
criticism  on  Mr.  Leckie,  they  say 
it  is  necessary  to  discover  some  re- 
gular force  or  fixed  institutions  of 
policy,  that  may  prevent  the  aris- 
tocratic branch  of  the  constitution 
preponderating  over  the  popular 
branch  of  the  House  of  Commons. 

This  single  instance  of  scientific 
dogma  discovers  at  one  view  the  true 


I  '    A  T.    f  oVPA«. 


nature    of  sense,    as    di  til  rerilllieut   In-. 


from  ici<  n<  We  obsei  i  e  here, 
thai  the  ret  wen  tn  •'  'l"1  moral 
science  of  policy  w i  I    :>ll  thf  I 

ft<  tn  11  1 1  tin. 

and  demand,  in  moral  evident 
fij  -.i  and  ipecific  qunlit  v  and  i 
titj  .  which  i^  co  itr  tv  i<»  iti  nature. 
The   problem   -  i  e  lo 

preserve  the  equilibre  of  constitu- 
tional sj  stem,  must  ba^  e  its  solu- 
(ion  in  (!•'•  Dud  sense  of  the  nation 
to  form  such  institutions  of  policy 
as  may  tend  to  the  improvement 
of  intellectual  power  in  sense,  as 
distinguished  from  science,  with 
which  lo  computi  the  probable 
quantity  and  quality  of  action  and 
re-action  <>f  the  different  branches 
of  civil  power,  to  preserve  the  near- 
est and  more  durable  equilibre  of 
constitutional  system,  and  guard  it, 
as  much  ;i>  possible,  from  contin- 


no  l  iu  luif  expediency,  or  th< 
pi  it  iou  •  •■  ill  "t  i  million  "i  t  \  rants. 
the  •  "  i '  "i  one  arch  Ij  rant,  tin* 
people  are  totally  depi  ii  ed  oi 
cial  -'  '■  ot  i  i  intern  <■  and  the  <  »m- 
parison  of  sense  makes  the  old  bat" 
*  1 1  *  -  of  France,  the  inquisition  of 
Sp  tin,    and   the  -  n  <>f 

the  north,  a  blissful  freedo 

I  wtili  the  military  despotism 
"i  revolutionary  France.  v> 
then  must  be  the  present  inestima- 
ble condition  of  England,  where,  if 
a  prince's  mistress  should  advance 
a  single  individual  by  intrigue,  the 
whole  country  rise  in  ■  mass  to  cure 
the  evil,  even  at  the  risk  of  destroying 
ihcir  happy  system  of  government ; 
u  liilf.inall  foreign  countries,  justice, 
law,  power,  are  all  administered  by 
th  •  favour  of  women  !  O !  Britons  ! 
Britons !  you  want  nothing  l>nt  sense 


gency,  through  the  most  powerful    to  teach  you  to  estimate  and 


and  supreme  agency  of  sense,  in 
the  unconstituted  mass,  or,  what  i> 
called,  the  \ eomanry  of  the  nation  ; 
and  it  is  highly  probable,  that  ii  a 
greater  proportion  of  this  mass  was 
added  to  the  constituted  and  po- 
pular branch  of  government,  the 
people  would  have  less  liberty  and 
security,  as  the  experience  of  all 
ancient  anil  modern  republics  at- 
test, from  Athens  to  the  United  States 


pare  your  invaluable  constitution, 

,  and  to  coned  its  partial  evils  with 

temperate  remedies   of  sense   and 

virtue  :   and   if  you   lose,   Of  d 

possess  these  qualities,  it  i-  of  little 
consequence  what  form  of  govern- 
ment controu!-  <>r  B  herd 
of  human  beasts. 

The  following  appears  to  mo  an 
irrefutable  axiom  of  constitutional 
policy   in  Europe,  where  the 


of  America;  and  while  the  uncon-  pulation  is  placed  in  a  confined  ter- 
stituted  yeomanry  have  sense  and  '  ritory,  vis.  that  property  must  con- 
virtue,  their  remonstrances  in  conn-     stitute  the  basis  oflegislative  power, 


iv  meetings  cannot  fail  to  effect 
every  purpose  ne<  essary  to  the  pro- 
sperity of  the  state :  ;is  the  peace 
with  America,  the  rejection  of  Mr. 
Fox's  India  bill,  and  many  other 
similar  occurrences,  verify,  beyond 
all  possible  doubt,  or  necessity  ol 
elucidation. 


and  intelligence  the  basis  of  su- 
preme directive  power  in  the 
inanry  ;  and  whatever  may  be  the 
oppression  or  Bufferings  of  the  un- 
informed mass  of  the  people,  which 
the  energy  of  all  such  ition 

will  tend  to  produce  in  the  ratio  of 
unprovability,  it  becomes  the  uni- 


Inthe  present  tremendous  state  of    venal  interest  of  all  mankind  to     ,  - 


418 


INTELLECTUAL    COMPASS. 


plaud  and  support  it;  because  it 
must  generate  thought,  sympathy, 
and  sense,  to  develope  the  perfcc- 
tuability  of  human  nature  into  uni- 
versal good,  in   time  and  futurity  ; 
of -which  England  has  furnished  an 
unique  and  illustrious  example,  in 
its  fraternal  societies,  its  colonies, 
and  the  philosophy  of  sense,  as  ex- 
hibited in  this  intellectual  compass, 
and  the  opits  maximum,  its  origin. 
Sense  exhibits,    not  an  accurate 
or  fixed,  but  only  a  probable  and 
computable,  tariff  of  good  and  evil, 
in  all  the  concerns  of  life  ;  which 
prevents  man,    with   a  subtle  and 
discerning    comparison,    from  for- 
feiting a  valuable  friendship   for  a 
momentary  offence ;  a  valuable  mas- 
tership or  servitude  for  capricious 
anger  ;  or  a  valuable  system  of  go- 
vernment for  administrative  error. 
Sense   teaches   him  to    correct   all 
evils,    by   remedies   commensurate 
with  their  magnitude,    not  to  en- 
danger life  for  the  cure  of  a  tooth- 
ache, or  risk  a  revolution  in  a  state 
of  great,  comparative  national  or 
individual    happiness,    to    remove 
some  little  inconvenienee  which  at- 
taches to,  and  may  be  as  necessary 
lo  preserve  the  welfare  of  the  body 
politic,   as   troublesome  and  offen- 
sive excrement  is  indispensible  to 
jealth  of  the  human  body. 

SCIENCE. 

Argumentation,  which  forms  the 
processor  physical  science,  carries 
in  its  easy  comparisons  specific, 
fixed,  and  gross  differences,  which 
require  no  very  delicate  or  subtle  tact 
of  sense,  to  estimate  their  degrees 
of  preponderance'  and  proportions 
of  difference  to  each  other;  and  this 
process  of  scientific  argumentation 
generates  such  powerful  habitudes 
of  dogmatic  decision,  that  disqua- 


lifies the  mind  from  calculating 
those  nice  and  doubtful  or  probable 
equations  of  the  moral  science,  and 
to  acquire  that  oscillation  of  the 
needle  of  judgment  under  the  influ- 
ence of  moral  evidence,  to  approx- 
imate the  polarity  of  truth,  which 
guides  to  thought  and  action  with 
the  same  utility,  but  incertitude  of 
decision,  as  the  doubtful  longitude 
guides  the  mariner  to  his  harbour. 

Science,  with  its  dogmatic  habi- 
tudes of  definite  quality  and  abso- 
lute decision,  has  reduced  the  hu- 
man mind  to  a  complete  state  of  im- 
becility, terminating  in  insanity. 

The  man  of  science  demands  a 
mathematical  demonstration  of  his 
own  existence,  and  not  finding  if, 
he  declares  with  Berkley,  avows  and 
determines,  there  is  no  existence  of 
matter,  but  only  of  power  or  mind, 
which  he  calls  spirit  or  action,  with- 
out any  body  to  support  it  (a  down- 
right contradiction  in  sense),  found- 
ed on  the  futile  argument,  that  our 
sensations  do  not  resemble  the  action 
of  objects ;  without  considering  that 
the  sense  of  sight  is  nothing  but  a 
conformity  of  internal  consciousness 
to  external  matter,  in  its  mode, 
colour,  action,  &c.  &c. 

In  metaphysics  the  scientific  man 
demands  a  proof  of  the  freedom  of 
his  will,  and  refuses  the  evidence  of 
that  consciousness  on  which  he  ad- 
mits the  existence  of  mind. 

In  theological  mj-st cries,  or  use- 
fid  phantasms,  he  takes  words  for 
ideas,  and  reasons  them  with  ana- 
logies, that  are  void  of  all  simili- 
tude of  cause  and  effect.  He  ar- 
gues, that  as  intellect  makes  a  watch, 
it  must  also  make  a  tree,  an  animal, 
or  a  world  ;  which  effects,  the  one 
of  mechanism,  the  other  of  germi- 
aation,  havinir  no  possible  relation 


I  *s«. 


■  similitude, 111. -ii  I  1USC1  RAttSt  have 

ilio  same  remote  differences  an  I 
thus  ooafonnding  all  the  discipline 
of  sense  in  the  dogma  of  m 
be  ini  itea  li i^  fellow-being  t"  the 
studj  of  mind j  and  won  lers  at  iti 
universal  abandonment,  while  he  ex- 
hibits in  hii  own  example  the  i<  m- 
ble  result  of  the  meal  consammate 
and  incurable  folly  and  insanity. 

Man,  in  liis  wars,  diseases,  i 
ignorance,  discord,  and  disorgani- 
sation, wanting  the  use  ofhia  under- 
standing in  sense,  seems  precisely  in 
the  predicament  of  the  fish  (sup- 
posing  instinct  could  be  guiltj  ct 
the  lollies  of  reason)  lliat  might  have 

no  knowledge  of  the  use  of  their 
fins :  they  would  run  against  on  ©an- 
other, rise  in  the  air,  sink  in  the 
mud  ;  incapable  of  seising  food,  or 
executing  their  instincts,  they  would 
live,  like  man,  through  painful  ex- 
istence, and  dissolve  into  premature 
dissolution  ;  and  as  that  would  be 
called  the  first  fish  that  should  dis- 
cover the  use  of  the  fins,  so  he  will 

be  the  first  man  -who  shall  discover 
the  proper  useof  the  understanding. 

The  most  prominent  and   infallible 
distinction  of  sense  from  science. 

\sE 

diversifies,  and  even  places  in 
contradiction,  the  double  scale  of 
truth  in  theory  and  practice,  mak- 
ing that  which  is  true  in  theory, 
false  in  practice  :  as  when  exercise, 
so  beneficial  to  health,  is  recom- 
mended to  a  person  in  an  exhaust- 
ed stale  ol'  sickness  ;  or  a  system  of 
liberty  to  a  nation  in  a  deplorable 
state  of  ignorance  and  superstition  : 
and  the  most  exquisite  tact  of  dis- 
cernment is  required  to  find  the 
point  of  coincidence  between  theory 
and  practice,  or  that  golden  mean 
of  truth,  beyond,  ors!  ioit  of  which, 


lie  eir.>r  and   falaheod,     the 

}>u>/(  linn  till i  <i  i't  i 
uin. 

Unites    and    id'-nt  ificj .     i  i 

the  same  proposition,  the  truth  «>f 

theory,   and    lli.it    of    |  arid 

h;is  no  difficult  compromise  "i  i<  - 
conciliation   la  be* 

tween  the  practic  il  |  Llicif 

theoretic  result  ;   a  bit  !i  pro  e  >  off 
learning,    01 
without  the  aid  ofanj  i 
of  discernment,  <>r  even  i ; 
of  any  other  faculty  than  no- 
alone. 

si 

resembles  the  exquisite  f  id  of  Use 
spider,  feeling  through  all  the  lines 
of  its  web,  as  sense  the  complicate 
and  multiplied  relations  of  the  mo- 
ral  science,   Comparing   them    v.illi 

competent  distinction  of  character, 
and  useful  computation  oi 
of  probability,    instead  of  absolute 
conclusion,  which  belongs  to  and 
characterizes  physical  science. 

resembles  the  gros  the  me- 

chanic's hand,  that  mens    I  iple 

objects  by  \  ird  and  ml  Din- 

pares  or  reasons  them  on  fixed  defi- 
nition and  positive  conclusion  ;  and 
by  such  habitudes  ofjudginggi 
and  fixed,  and  simple  difl 
the  mind  is  disqualified  for  the 
doubtful  ratiocination  and  delicate 
tact  of  sense  in  the  moral  sciei 

Paradigm  of  the  rati  i    of 

sense,  according  to  the  discipline 
of  the  compass,  upon  the  question 

of  the  tuna  .or  uni- 

v<  r>al  good. 

The  first  action  of  the  process  of 
disciplined    r 
the  setting  vt  the  I 

i   i hat  all  its  traversi  s,  | 


420 


INTELLECTUAL    COMPASS. 


and  card,  are  free  from  all  exter- 
nal contact  arid  influence,  as  thought 
is  free  from  every  impulse  of  the 
will,  leaving  the  needle  judgment 
oscillating-,  under  the  influence  of 
evidence  alone,  towards  the  pola- 
rity of  moral  truth,  considering 
moral  propositions  with  all  (he  im- 
partiality of  physical  propositions. 

We  must  observe,  that  the  needle 
of  judgment  has  no  operation  what- 
ever over  two  quarters  of  the  com- 
pass marked  by  the  cardinal  classes 
of  thought,  called  conjecture  and 
phantasm  :  which  shews  that  the 
powers  of  ratiocination  are  limited 
to  ideas  and  sentiments;  that  is,  the 
observation  ofpositive  facts  and  their 
projected  improved  ability  on  the 
scale  of  experience,  beyond  which 
human  conduct  has  no  guide,  and 
no  intelligible  interest. 

The  intellectual  compass  being 
thus  preparatorily  set,  the  facul- 
ties commence  their  operation,  to 
develope  the  question.  Sensation, 
screwed  up  to  its  highest  degree  of 
tensity  by  profound,  wide,  and 
original  exercise  of  thought,  ena- 
bles the  faculty  of  perception  to 
give  as  clear  a  distinction  of  cha- 
racter to  moral  ideas,  as  will  enable 
judgment  to  compare,  meditative 
memory  to  recollect,  and  hold  in 
one  view,  imagination  to  invent,  re- 
flection to  multiply,  and  reason  to 
calculate  their  preponderancy  of 
probabilities  ;  and  to  decide  upon 
the  index  of  sense  the  least  possi- 
ble declension  of  theneedle  of  judg- 
ment from  the  polarity  of  moral 
truth,  and  to  determine  in  thought 
and  language,  that  the  idea  or  ob- 
ject of  sensation  called  existing  sum- 
mum  bonuni)  imports  the  highest 
comparative  degree  of  personal  free- 
dom, property,  sense,  and  safety,  ac- 


companied with  a  joyful  expectancy 
and  gradual  efforts  of  their  improv- 
abdity  in  future,  and  that  such  is 
the  condition  of  an  English  subject 
or  citizen  under  the  British  practi- 
cal constitution. 

We  next  project  this  idea  into  its 
second  class  of  thought,  called  sen- 
timent, and  carrying  it  on  to  the 
highest  climax  of  experience,  we 
discover  the  ultimate  theory  of  per- 
fectuability  in  the  organism  of  the 
energy  of  the  whole  human  species 
into  one  society,  placing  the  high- 
est interest  of  self  in  its  universal 
relation  to  the  species  and  all  sensir 
tivc  life ;  because  self  would  there- 
by increase  its  will,  its  intellect,  its 
powers,  and  its  good,  in  the  ratio 
of  united  numbers,  whose  organism 
should  be  to  supersede  the  indivi- 
dual will  by  that  of  a  family  of 
one  hundred  associates,  this  by  a 
community  of  thousands,  this  again 
by  an  assembly  of  100,000  of  thou- 
sands, that  by  a  nation,  and  this  by 
a  union  of  all  nations  or  world,  as 
the  unitary  head  to  regulate  the 
system. 

This  ultimate  theory,  to  suit  with 
human  action,  as  guided  by  human 
intellect,  must  be  brought  to  the 
test  of  practical  experience  in  fra- 
ternal societies  and  colonies,  to  try 
every  experiment  of  social  institu- 
tions, graduating  human  perfectua- 
bility  to  the  predicament  of  human 
intellect  and  human  life,  improving 
through  sense  and  the  study  of  man 
and  nature,  and  producing  the  prac- 
tical summum  bunum  united  or  qua- 
lified with  the  rational  expectancy 
and  temperate  eifor!  of  fuiure  per- 
fcctuability  ;  and  this  theory,  tem- 
pered with  practics,  forms  the  se- 
cond class  of  thought,  called  im- 
provable sentiment  of  the  summum 


I  \  I  ELLICTtTAL   C0MPAM. 


421 


bonum,  as  the  ultimate  guide  of 
human  conduct. 

The  law s  of  sensation  develope 
fully  (In-  nature  of  human  conduct 
to  effect  human  bappinei  throujj  h 
(he  virtues  of  sympathy,  thought, 
fortitude,  ami  wisdom.  If  we  wish 
to  be  lice,  we  imisi  communicate 
and  participate  freedom  with  our 
fellow  sensitive  beings;  if  up  want 
personal  secui it  v,  we  must  do  the 
same  ;  if  we  want  moral  or  pbysi- 
cal  powers,  we  can  increase  them 
onlybj  :i  union  of  the  species;  and 
If  we  desire  perfectuability,  we 
must  have  the  \  irtue  of  fortitude  to 
change  our  habitudes  of  locality, 
custom,  and  education,  into  im- 
provable systems. 

The  physical  laws  of  nature  offer 
strong  auxiliary  influence  to  sup- 
port the  mora]  laws  of  sensation  in 
the  science  of  animal  chemistry, 
which  exhibits  the  clear  idea,  or  po- 
sitive fact,  (hat  all  human  mailer  is 
constantly  transmuting  from  a  sin- 
gle agency  of  person,  into  the  mul- 
tiplied patiency  of  the  whole  sen- 
sitive system,  which  proves  an  in- 
calculable retribution  of  all  good 
or  evil  agency  of  person,  ami  must 
aid  the  moral  laws  of  sensation  by 
exciting  us  to  change  our  habitudes, 
however  agreeable  they  may  have 
become  by  usage  and  example  ; 
and  in  this  instance,  the  moral  and 
physical  laws  of  nature  combine 
and  terminate  the  guidance  and  di- 
rection of  all  human  conduct. 

Thought  is  not.  however,  limited 
in  its  action  or  influence  by  die 
process  of  the  intellectual  compass, 
though  deprived  of  die  needle  of 
judgment  and  all  the  direction  of 
experience  to  guide  human  conduct. 
The  faculty  of  imagination  soars 
through  rational  analogy,  and  pro- 
Sup.    Vol.  J. 


yets   the  sentiment   of  the  <  in  'illa- 
tion of  atmns  from  tern  it  rial  r 

and  s\  litems,    on  to  the  ci  le  1 1  d  bo- 
dies and  the  whole  universe,  which 
induces  the  mind  to  form 
lures  of  universal  transmutation  and 
circulation,  from  the  central  i 
to  the  circumferential  mo  I 

nature,  and  makes  man  or  human 
matter  co-essential,  co-eternal,  and 

co-interested,     in    all     the    pi 

worlds,  and  and   bi 

the  highest  degree  of  dignity. 
worth,  an  I  energy,  to  intellectua- 
lized  atoms,  at  indestructible,  con- 
stituent paits,  and  CO-eCjUal  With 
the  great  «  hole  of  matter  or  nature. 
The  last  clatS  of  thought,    called 

phantasme,  are  treated  by  reason,  ia 
its  process  of  the  intellectual  com- 
pass, as  die  sportive  recreations  of 

fancy,  useful  to  promote  im,  Mectual 
pleasure,    or    to   become  ■   clue   of 

human  ignorance  in  theological 
mysteries,    according  to  the  ani- 

veisal  practice  ot  all  mankind. 

The  intelk  ctnsd  compass,  though 
it  is  obliged  to  treat  these 

table  and  useful  mysteries  as  phan- 
tasms to  reason,  and  compatible 
only  with  the  mysterious  faculty 

of  faith  (differing  from  belief,  which 

belongs  to  reason  alone),  said  to  be 

a  gitl  of  supernatural  power  to  in- 
duce man,  through  fear,  to  give  his 
assent  to  propositions  ot  CP 
which  he  has  no  power  to  conceive, 
because  they  contradict  all  the  lawi 
of  intelligence.  The  rules  oi  the 
compass,  though  it  i  aunot  take  | 

ni/ance  t>t"  >-i;tTi  mysteries,  yet  ar- 
ranges them  in  inch  i  happy  inaav- 

:  l  :.    that  they   may  be  a  nseful  clue 

to  ignorance,  without  b  coming  an 
impediment  to  the  pfOgfl  ■  and  dis- 
cipline of  reason  ;  in  which  the  au- 
thor has  followed  the  example  of 
3K 


122 


INTELLECTUAL    COMPASS. 


Sir    Isaac  Newton,    who  declared  ; 
that  the  light  ofthe  fixed  stars  could  j 
not  arrive  at  the  earth  in  as  many 
years  as  religious  mystery  announ-  ' 
ccs  (lays  for  their  creation.  He  suf- 
fered reason  to  go  straight  for\\;i:  i 
to  knowledge,  without  any  impedi- 
ment by  faith,  and  permitted  not  i 
any  reciprocal  interruption  between 
them,  by  separating  the  two  pro- 
vinces of  faith  and  reason,  so  that 
mankind  will  in  future  be  relieved 
from  the  awful  alternative  of  being 
either  fools  or  knaves  ;  that  is,  the 
ignorant  part  of  mankind  will  have 
their  will   restrained   in   the  exact 
ratio   of  their  imbecility,    and  the 
thoughtful  and    intelligent  part  of 
mankind    will    have    their    reason 
emancipated,    in    proportion  to  its 
strength,  from  the  shackles  of  su- 
perstitious mystery,    to  study  and 
discover  those  laws  of  nature  which 
can  alone  guide  man  to  the  summiim 
honuntf  or  purport  of  his  existence, 
the  universal  good  of  identified  self 
and  nature  in   the  whole  sensitive 
system,  in  time  and  futurity. 

When  I  formerly  contemplated 
man,  deprived  of  all  intellectual 
discipline  of  sense,  ignorant  of  all 
his  relations,  personal,  social,  and 
natural,  eating,  lodging,  and  cloth- 
ing himself,  into  the  most  dreadful 
chronic  diseases,  with  no  knowledge 
of  remedy,  and  no  fortitude  to  break 
his  mould  of  torture,  the  policy 
that  should  protect,  diffusing  over 
all  the  world  famine,  misery,  ig- 
norance, and  slavery,  I  viewed  his 
existence  as  a  tremendous  mould  of 
torture,  and  was  disposed  to  im- 
precate the  access  of  a  comet  to 
swallow  up  the  world  in  its  vortex; 
but  since  1  have  discovered  the  laws 
of  intellectual  power  in  the  opus 
maximum )  and  founded  thereon  the 
discipline  of  sense,  I  feel  the  most 


ineffable   consolation,  that  I   have 
been  able  to  present  to  mankind  the 
remedy  for  all  evil,  and  the  instru- 
ment of  all  good,  at  a  moment  when 
social  life  was  threatened  with  uni- 
versal barbarism,  and  the  progress 
of  all  intellectual  power  to  be  extin- 
guished in  the  arduous  efforts  of 
obtaining  a  mere  physical  existence 
in  the  anarchy   of  warfare,    igno- 
rance, and  military  despotism,  over 
all  the  world,  by  the  revolutionary 
insanity  of  a  nation,  whose  techni- 
cal intellect  of  science  had  broken 
down  the  factitious  restraints  of  so- 
cial order  before  the  mind  had  ac-  . 
quired  the  least  capacity  of  sense  ; 
and  I  never  met  with,  or  read  of,  a 
man   upon  the  whole  continent  of 
Europe,  that  knew,  or  could  sup- 
port, the  intellectual  temperament, 
of  doubt  that  forms  the  eucrasis  of 
mind  and  the  hinge  of  all  sense  or 
wisdom.       Rousseau    exclaimed — 
"  Le  doable  vie  /«c,"  doubt  kills 
me  ;  and  Le  Maitre,  Condorcet, Vol- 
taire, and  all  the  continental  philo- 
sophers  demanded    que/que    chose 
fixe ;  and  could  never  imagine  that 
moral   truth,    like  maritime  longi- 
tude, though  doubtful,  afforded  a 
computable  and  efficient  evidence 
that  led  the  mariner  to  his  port,  and 
the  moralist  to   utility    of  thought 
and   action,    in   the    practice  and 
theroy  of  human  life. 

The  beneficent  intent  of  this  in- 
tellectual compass  is  to  render  the 
mind  a  skilful  instrument  of  sense, 
instead  of  an  over-stuffed  sack  of 
science,  to  economize  memory  in 
its  most  important  function  of  me- 
ditation, as  a  well  arranged  and 
light  repository  of  such  select  and 
useful  materials  of  knowledge,  as 
may  direct  the  mind  in  the  study 
of  man  and  nature,  and  apply  it 
to  the  cultivation  of  universal  good 


INTELLECT!?  Al     COM  I 


m 


to  all  sensitive  life,  In  the  practice 
of  time  and  the  pei  f  <  tu  ibilit 
futurity  ;  and  id  awful  importance 
is  impressed  upon  the  attention  of 
all  mankind  by  an  intelligent,  not 
m \  sterious  ie>  ror,  "i  i  ii.-  nnpardon- 
able  and  tremendous  multiplied  suf- 
ice  of  all  human  matin  or  na- 
ture, transmuting  from  a  single 
ni  \  ..i  pei  on,  into  I 
w  hole  sj  stem  ot  patiencj  through  all 
sensitive  life,  in  time  and  futui  ity. 
I  iior    to  set    the    intellectual 

1  to  estimate  the  pa- 

i  of  the  polarity   of  m< 

truth. 

Tu  effect  ihis  purpose,  we  have 
no  oilier  standard  (linn  the  evidence 
of  Bense  ;  and  as  (his  is  liable  to  a 
very  small  quantity  of  error  in  phy- 
sics, but  a  very  great  quantity  of 
error  in  morals,  the  ignorant  pari 
of  mankind  have  substituted  the 
fake  standard  of  superstition,  and 
believe  whatever  is  cont radii 
to  their  senses,  while  philosophers 
have  rejected  all  standard,  and  re- 
fuse to  acknowledge  even  the  ex- 
istence of  self,  unless  accompanied 
with  mathematical  demonstration  : 
thus   the   verj    great    majority   of 

mankind  are  become  fools,   and  the 

small    remnant  of  learned  men  have 

renounced  their  reason,  and  fallen 
into  a  complete  stale  of  insanity  . 
:\\u\  this  at  a  crisis  of  the  most  aw- 
ful revolution  or  convulsion  of  opi- 
nions that  ever  iras  recorded  by  hu- 
man history. 

The  physical  standard  of  truth. 
though  not  perfect,  possesses  all 
the  competency  ami  efficiency  of 
certitude  useful  to  human  intelli- 
gence. 1  may  sec  ■  straight 
in  the  water  crooked  ;  I  may  feel 
owe  ball  to  be  two,  by  having  my 
fingers  crossed  ;  1  may  taste  bitter 
what  is  sweet,  in  a  fever  ;  1   c  ay 


f   feeling    in   the 
sometin    • 
sounds  thai  pro<  eed  from  no  i 

nd  ln.dii  s  ■  hut   i,  '    .it  the 

dom,  and  I  by 

the  other  senses,  or  the  ' 

Of  pel     I  'I    .    that    w  her 

conscious  of  their  ( 

it  is  a  million  to  on  uir, 

which  ex 

'id   and  competent   stand;; 

knowledge  <>r  i  ertitu  le. 

In  the  operations  of  the  intei 
or  liis*  s  n  ■• .»!'  thought  in 
the  brain,   there  is  i  ide  • !,  in   the 

•i  st  lie  of  human  ignorani 
self  in  ii-  relations  to  all  sun  i 
ing   nit ii  .  .  i  .  and 

outrageous  errors,   that   it 

the  invention  of  a   double 
of  theory  and  or  iCttCC  to  form 
rectory  of reas  m  and  action. 
must  lirst  divest   himself ofall 
judices  of  cust  >ra,  educ  ition,  and 
iiistiiici  ;  and  Btudj  ing  the  true 
stitution  ofthings  in  nature,  be  roust 

then  consider    under  what    institu- 
tions of  social  organism  tl 
degrees  of  pleasure,  pow<  r.  «  isdom, 
and  happiness,  would  be  procured 

to   the    whole    human 

then   participated,    commiinic 

and  multiplied,    to  the  individual 

throughout  the  w !■ 

tem,    in  time  and  futui 

W  hen  such  a  theory  or  par 

of  i  i  n*al  truth   shall   have  been  dis* 

it  must  then  be  conti 
to  el  >vat«-  the  practical  institut 
o\  society,  to  advance, 
safe  progression  of  irapro< 
tellect,  colonies  and  sro 
towards  the  high 

ctunbilitj  . 
of  man   from  his    fello 
brute.     Prom  these  sentiments  re- 
sults the  mechanism  of  my  [ 
•J  K  8 


424 


OBSERVATIONS    ON    PAINTING    AND    DRAWING. 


regulator,  which  maybe  defined  (he 
union  of  reflection  and  experience, 
in  the  .simple  maxim  of,  act  with 
maV)  and  think  with  nature ;  and 
that  mind  which  possesses  the  great- 
est quantity  of  disciplined  intellect, 
oilers  the  best  standard  of  thought 
and  action.  No  man  refuses  con- 
fidence to  his  lawyer,  his  physician, 


or  his  artist ;  and  whenever  the  mo- 
ralist shall  become  a  real  philoso- 
pher, he  will  govern  mankind  with 
more  universal  confidence  than  ei- 
ther, because  he  can  make  his  cli- 
ents as  wise  as  himself,  and  co- 
equal judges  of  the  moral  science  of 
universal  good,  in  time  and  futurity. 


OBSERVATIONS  on  PAINTING 
(Continuation  of  Letter 
Mr.  Editor,  Feb.  i4,  1809. 

A  painter  of  the  fourth  class  has 
availed  himself  of  the  advantages 
of  a  liberal  education  ;  is  well  ac- 
quainted with  ancient  and  modern 
history,  the  poets,  and  many  other 
books,  particularly  the  mythology 
of  the  ancients  ;  also  chemistry,  op- 
tics, perspective,  modelling,  and 
other  such  arts,  are  familiar  to  him, 
and  a  knowledge  of  the  human 
mind,  its  affections,  &c. ;  and  he  is  in 
the  habit  of  conversing  with  scien- 
tific men.  He  takes  great  liberties 
with  the  productions  of  antiquity  : 
he  copies  their  figures,  coins,  me- 
dals, by  a  sort  of  scientific  parody. 
By  thus  introducing  them  into  his 
own  performances,  he  obtains  beau- 
ty, grace,  simplicity,  majesty,  Sec. 
at  an  easy  rate.  The  true  elegance 
that  is  to  be  found  in  these  venera- 
ble remains,  has  given  fame  to 
many  an  artist  that  has  copied  tlieiu, 
who  otherwise,  probably,  would 
never  have  attained  it.  He  also 
takes  great  liberties  with  the  works 
of  the  mo  lerns,  his  predecessors,  in 
every  department  of  the  art, and  co- 
pies their  manner  of  telling  a  story. 
He  parodies  general  fractures,  the 
harmony  of  Lines,  length  of  lines, 
and  other  arrangements  from  the 
Italian  masters  ;  and  from  Titian, 
Giorgione,  Tiatoret,  Paul  Veronese, 


and  DRAWING.— Br  Juninus. 
11.  from  page  353.) 
Bassano,  Holbein,  Rubens,  Rem- 
brandt, and  other  great  colourists, 
he  copies  effects,  the  value  of  co- 
lours, and  other  machinery,  which 
he  introduces  into  his  own  perform- 
ances, and  then  in  a  manner  makes 
the  universe  tributary,  but  in  such 
a  way  that  the  means  by  which  he 
does  it  not  being  generally  known, 
to  many  it  appears  entirely  the  ef- 
fect of  his  own  mind,  unassisted 
by  adventitious  help.  As  Reynolds 
observes,  he  is  always  copying,  al- 
ways original.  Many  have  been 
kept  very  low  in  the  art  for  want  of 
knowing  how  to  study.  The  man 
who  invents  only  from  the  barren- 
ness of  his  own  mind  (and  every 
mind  unassisted  is  barren),  com- 
pared with  this  man  of  the  fourth 
class,  is  like  one  who  has  to  knock 
down  a  wall,  for  which  he  only 
uses  his  fist,  whilst  the  other  avails 


himself  of  sledge-hammers, 


pick- 
other 
He 
done 


axes,  levers,  cannon,  and 
engines  fit  for  the  purpose, 
not  only  practices  what  is 
by  men  in  the  three  inferior  classes, 
but  he  extends  these  advantages, 
which  enable  him  to  copy  w  itli 
more  art,  delicacy,  and  secrecy. 
He  avails  himself  of  the  inventions 
of  inferior  artists,  maturing  what 
they  have  only  aimed  it ;  and  makes 
sketches  from  almost  c\cry  thing  he 


n  V  kTIONI    on     PAINTING     IND    D1    11    I  s  0 . 


tffl 


rnrcf  s  with    interesting  or  useful  in    i  '.-nil  ..i  observed.     This 

nature]    Sec,     These  sketches   be    also  has  to  do  ■  •!)  rani* 


<  lasses,  ;iihI  so  methodizes  and  tin 
plifies,  thai  Ihc)  maj  be  readily 
found  when  wanted j  and  fill  1 1 i -» 
win lo  w iih  a  \ .11  iety  oi  invention. 
I.'\  en  ill  •  in  i  1 1  ifling  thing  has 
its  ire,  1^  M is.  Pc  ichum  says  to 
Filch  in  Gay's  Beggar's  ()}><> a, 
w  In-n  he  produ<  pa  some  h  indker- 
chiefs  he  Ins  stolen.  She  surveys 
them,  and  roj  s,  *■  <  Coloured   ones, 


sell  ;il  diir  warehouse  in   Wapping, 

.•iiiiniin-  the  seamen. "  Thus  he 
sketches  and  lays  up  for  future  per- 
formances, ideas  which  perhaps 
in  i \  li;i\ c  been  draw n  IV  im  appear- 
ances on  the  l>;irk  of  trees,  the  fire, 
old  av  ills,  clouds,  <>r  the  frost  upon 
glass  in  winter  time,  which  t In-i 
gives  beautiful  lessons  for  flowers, 
romantic  landscapes, &c.  and  many 
other  methods,  which  assisi  inven- 
tion,and  furnish  interesting  sketches. 
His  general  aims  are  great,  yet  he 
dors  not  despise  trifles.  He  often 
makes  sketches  from  the  pictures 
w  liitli  tlu*  perusal  of  the  productions 
of  the  best  poets,  &c.  forms  in  his 
mind  ;  and  from  these,  and  su<  :i 
rules  as  these  (and  which  almost 
any  one,  with  equal  industry, might 
accomplish),  he  produces  works 
which  seem  to  proclaim  him  a  won- 
derful genius.  Before  1  conclude, 
1  will  mention  one  rule  which  ap- 
pears to  be  of  the  greatest  conse- 
quence, ami  the  attention  to  which 


mil,  an  I   even    ;  h  dure. 

I'   ihould  I   i.i  all  :.  ihif.-, 

in  ei  i,.  lit.  it 

appli 

whether  sublime,  beautiful,  pathe- 
tic, or  d<  I  irmed.      I 

made  Raphai  I  what  he 
ilds  also  in  a  li  I    M  .- 

•nli  s,,  meritorious  :   w  ithoul  this 
the  painters  in   the  hie  lici  dep  ui- 


r  see  j  but,  however,  they'll  do  to    ments  are  continually  mistaken;  and 


the  humorous  painter,  a  ithoul  Hut, 
substitutes  ugliness   Rm    i 
and  distort ;"n>  for  expression. 

There  is  nothing  SO  low  hill  this 
rule  w  ill  make  interesting  :  it 
C  i(<  1'  -    the    bird    upon  the    hup   or 

the  wing  •  even  so  rulgar  a  su 

as  a  bog  w  ill  by  this  rule  be  h;: 

prized.  The  squint,  the  leer, 
writhe  of  the  nose,  the  grunt,  the 
greedy  lo  >k,  an  1  sack  t  i-r,  terw, 
would  thus  be  introduced  ;  and  sossf 
I  .>:lier  subjei  i.  each  a.  cording 
to  its  peculiar  cfa  irai  tor.     Jn  .  . 

walk  this  thooli  \g  /fyiup,  as  it  may 
be  called,  confers  jrpat  truth  ami 
expression.  Even  the  furnitu. 
a  cottage,  a  in .n- v  ird,  especially 
it  drawn  with  selection,  would  be 
infinitely  more  meritorious  than  any 

one  can  invent  entirely  from  his  own 

mind.     From  what  hat  been  said, 

it  may   be    observed,   that    to    b      a 
great  painter,    is  often   the  result  of 

well-directed  study  and  indi 

,  and  that  a  man  ma\  have  ^reat  lame 


is  one  principal   reason  of  the  mi-     in  his  profession,   and    not    much 

perior    excellence   of  Raphael   and     abound  with  that  wrm  dix/nic,  .    H 

many  other  eminent  masters.    This    peculiar!;.  iractetistic  of  gc- 

is  called  cafe h ing  nature  inthef 

which  means   to    catch  the  truth  ot 

universal  expression,  to  sketch  from 

persons     in   their    various    actions, 

when  they  are  not  conscious  of  be- 


nins,  as  Sj 

at   tin  i  i    in 

M  V>  li.  th  paiofal   tail    shall   /. 

sm>...    ;    iind 
"  In  woods,  in  WCVttj    :u    w>:«.  • 

dwell, 


42(5 


OBSERVATIONS   ON    PAINTING    AND    DRAWING 


"  And  b  ill  be  Foundwitb  pciil  and  with  pain; 
"  Tver  (.111  tlu-  man  thai  moulds  in  idle  tell 
"  Unto  her  happy  mansion  e'er  attain. 
"  Before  her  gate,  high  God  did  Sweat  ordain, 
"  And  wakeful  watches  ever  to  abide  ; 
"  Hut  cap}'  is  the  way  and  passage  plain 
"  To  Pleasure's  palace,  it  may  soon  bespy'd, 
*  And  day  and   night  her  doors  to  all  stand 
0[>cn  wide." 

The  fifth  class,  or  man  of  genius, 
is  furnished  by  nature  with  an  cx- 
cellent  fancy,  large,  comprehensive, 
and  generous  mind,  imd  a  feeling 
heart.  Jf  nature  bestows  this  high 
prize  only  on  one  in  ten  thousand, 
there  must  be  a  great  many  in  our 
island,  and  very  many  in  the  world, 
many  whose  talents  will  remain  for 
ever  unknown,  that  will  never  rise 
to  fame  for  want  of  opportunity, 
through  poverty,  the  want  of  edu- 
cation, &c.  Considering  what  an 
extensive  class  the  lowest  rank  of 
people  consist  of,  and  considering 
that  nature  makes  no  distinction 
between  the  college  and  the  palace 
iri  her  mental  gifts,  it  must  happen 
that  many  of  these  diamonds  lie 
buried,  as  it  were,  about  in  dung- 
hills, unregarded,  unknown,  and 
employed  in  the  meanest  occupa- 
tions, as  Gray  observes  : 

"  That  knowledge  to  their  minds    its   ample 

Page, 
"  Rich  with  the  spoils  of  time,  did  ne'er  enroll : 
"  Chill  poverty  supprcss'd  their  noble  rage, 
"  And  froze  the  genial  current  of  their  soul. 

"  lull  many  a  gem  of  purest  ray  serene, 
"  The  dark  unfathom'd  caves  of  octan  bear; 
"  Fnll  many  a  flower  is  born  to  bloom  unseen, 
"  And  waste  its  sweetness  iu  the  desert  air." 

This  is  the  man  that  has  the  capa- 
bility of  the  very  first  rank  in  the 
profession  of  painting,  and  amongst 
other  arts,  that  "  can  catch  a  grace 


beyond  the  reach  of  art,"  that  with 
ease  can  perform  wonders  beyond 
the  reach  ofordinary  intellect.  Such 
a  man  was  Shakspeafe,  Chatterton, 
Gothe's  Werter,  and  many  others 
that  could  be  mentioned.  When 
these  men  sketch,  they  sketch  with 
fire  and  feeling.  Everything  they 
perform  is  admirable  and  interest- 
ing. They  feel  as  Shakspcare  felt 
when  he  wrote, 

u  O  for  a  Muse  of  fire,  that  would  ascend 
"  The  brightest  heaven  of  invention, 
"  And  draw  ethereal  air!" 
"  A  kingdom  for  c  stage, 


"  Princes  to  act,  and  mouarchs  to  behold 
"  The  swelling  scene  !" 

There  is  such  a  communication  be- 
tween the  mind  and  t  lie  hand,  that  he 
who  is  impelled  by  the  fireof  genius, 
/ires  others  ;  when  he  draws  pathe- 
tic subjects,  he  sketches  in  tears  (so 
much  of  tenderness  is  there  in  his 
generous  nature),  and  his  works  im- 
press the  same  sensations.  This 
diamond,  however,  has  its  flaws  ; 
he  is  often  inconsiderate,  lazy, 
careless,  and  incorrect.  When  we 
compare  his  talents  to  those  who  are 
only  polished,  he  is  like  Garrick 
when  compared  with  another  emi- 
nent actor,  but  of  inferior  genius, 
in  the  performance  of  King  Lear. 

When  plflysj  the  house  with 

applauses  rings  ;  but  when  Gar- 
rick acts,  they  all  allow  he's  every 
inch  a  king — they  sigh,  arid  feel 
he's  every  inch  King  Lear, — he 
only  extorts  a  tear.  These  highest 
beauties  the  cold  unfeeling  man 
cannot  reach, — no  rides  can  teach 
them, — it  belongs  to  the  man  of 
genius  only  to  produce  such  inte- 
resting performances. 

JUNINUS. 


ITUDY  AND  TFIE  OLD 

ii  in  H 

I  . :     ■ 

Mr.   Editor, 

I  ii  \  \  r.  iliis  nfternoon  been  lak- 
.'.  walk  :  before  I  went  I  had 
been  reading  in  the  Bible  part  ol 
Solomon's  Song,  descriptive  of  the 
present  season  of  the  \«-;ir.  The 
following  passage  I  will  transcribe: 

••  '.'  \  beloved  spoke  and  said 
unto  me,  i  ii  e  D]  .  n  3  love,  my  fair 
oik-,  and  come  awaj .  for,  I",  the 
winter  is  past ;  the  r  tin  is  over  and 
gone;  the  flowers  nppear  <>n  the 
earth;  the  time  of  the  singing  ol 
hinls  is  come,  and  the  voice  <>i  the 
turtle  is  beard  in  cur  land  :  1  lie  /i<„r- 
tree  putteth  forth  her  green  6gs,and 
the  \  nit  b,  \\  ith  the  tender 
«.r » \  < •  ;>  good  smell.  Arise,  mv  love, 
mj  fair  one,  and  comeawoy  ;  come, 
mv  beloved,  l<  1  ns  jo  forth  intothe 
Gelds  ;  let  us  lodge  in  1  li«*  villa 
l<i  usget  up  early  to  the  vineyards; 
let  us  Bee  it  the  vine  flourish,  whe- 
ther the  tender  grape  appear, 
tin*  pomegranates  bud  forth  :  these 
will  I  give  thee,  my  love." 

I  have  been  walking  in  pleasant 
villages,  and  fields,  and  bushes,  and 
have  heard  the  birds  singing, 
courting,  and  cooing,  and  have 
the  huils  tin  several  trees.  As  i< 
has  been  very  fine,  I  continued 
three  or  four  hours  rambling.  \Y  hen 
coming  to  town.  I  reflected  on  the 
different  and  various  methods  of 
study,  and  I  repeated  to  myselfthe 
words  /  /  bg  \  ob  and  cdmtc* 

[  was  tired  when  I  returned,  and 
went  ami  lay  down  on  ray  bed  ; 
the  moon  and  a  bright  star,  appa- 
rently N.  I..  Iiut  a  little  above  her, 
■hone  through  my  window,  and 
brightened  the  wall  oi  my  chamb  t. 
and  pictured  the  casement  thereon  ; 


BARBER. 

/  /  / . 

distant  bell  I  tolle  1. 

other  circum  I 
1 1 : 1  \  e  d   Icndcni  y  to  bring  to  the 

min  I  •<•. 


rHF    OLD    BA  •'!  I 

M 1 
I  rose,  and   we  ind    my 

Ii  ii  b  in  1  tumbled  by  l\  i 

i  nto  a  shop  in  rfolborn 

;  my  locks  put  into  B  I 

tcr  order,   and   to   be  dishevelled 
about  my  bhonld 

An  old  i'i  m,  bent  and  tremW 
.  appron< 
••  Mv  master  an*l  at   home  at  pre- 
sent to  dress  your  hair ;  but,  it 
please,  I    will  do  my  best,  it'  3  on 
will  walk  into  an  inner  room."     I 
went  in,  seated  myself  in  ■  1  ' 
in  !.  in  a  little  tii 
course.     Sai  I   I.  ••   N  ou  wer 
alwaj  you  are  now/' 

though  people  advanced   in   j 

seem    almost    as     it'    t 

created.      u   \  ou,  no    d  ml  '•    re- 
member many    •  youthful  <! 

••    \  es,    indeed,"    replied  lie  ;  li 

fore  you  were  born  or  thought  00,   I 
have  had,  I  well  remember,  many 
a  youthful  day.     Ii  j  ou  w  ill  I 
patience,   I  will    tell  you.    as.    like 
other  old  men,   I   am  fond  of  talk- 
ing.    I  am  just  thinking,  when  t 
meron  was  draw :i  on  a  sled 
the  Tower  to  be  executed  at  Ty- 
burn,  for  high   tn  tson,  which   is 

now     .":■(>     \e.u  |  I     w  ent    to 

him,  and  indeed  you  would  hanlly 

think  what  a  dili.  rencc  Um 

tween  me  now  and  me  then.     I  1 
member  1  walked  by  thi>  very  door: 
1  \s  is  then   tour  and  twenty, 
now  I  am  fourscore  ;  1  then  ^ 
prosperity,  and  now  I  ara  aL 


4  28 


STUDY    AND    THE    OLD    BARKER. 


destitute  and  friendless;  and  when 
J  can't  i^'f  work,  I  am  very  badly 
off  indeed.  Bid,  as  I  was  saying, 
yon  Mould  hardly  think  how  differ- 
ent I  looked  then  to  what  I  do  now. 
I  was  then  a  very  gay  young  fel- 
low, and  it  seemed  almost  to  me  as 
if  I  should  always  be  the  same.  I 
was  married  to  a  very  beautiful 
young  woman  (my  first  love),  in- 
deed I  loved  her  dearly,  and  she 
well  deserved  to  be  loved.  We 
had  two  children,  a  little  boy  and 
a  little  girl.  I  then  kept  a  shop  at 
Kentish-Town  ;  but  that  village  was 
"not  then  as  it  is  now,  it  was  much 
more  countrified,  much  more  rural 
and  pleasant.  Some  of  your  top- 
ping people  used  to  come  and  sleep 
there  for  the  air,  and  1  used  to  dress 
their  hair  of  a  morning  before  they 
went  to  town.  I've  often  earned 
five  shillings  before  breakfast. 
things  went  on  in  a  very  thriving 
way  :  I  was  a  brisk  young  man, 
and  very  happy.  Cut  soon  after 
my  little  Nancy  was  taken  ill,  and 
died  ;  and  my  wife  grieved  so  after 
her,  that  she  went  into  a  decline, 
and  died  too,  and  was  laid  with 
my  little  girl  at  Pancras.  These 
troubles  made  me  so  unhappy,  that 
I  became  quite  like  another  man. 
To  drown  melancholy,  I  took  to 
drinking,  and  neglected  my  busi- 
ness, and  not  only  ran  out  thirty 
pounds  that  I  had  saved,  but  ran 
into  debt,  and  was  obliged,  one 
night  (to  prevent  worse  conse- 
quences,) to  run  away.  They 
sent  my  little  boy,  who  was  then 
about  three  years  old,  to  a  work- 
house in  the  city,  and  though  1 
went  almost  immediately  after  him, 
I  was  told  he  had  strayed  away,  and 
nobody  knew  where  ;  and  with  all 
my  enquiries  I  could  hear  no  tidings 


of  him.  Year  passed  after  year — ■ 
I  worked  as  a  journeyman  at  one 
shop  and  at  another,  sometimes  in 
town  and  sometimes  in  the  country; 
but  I  could  never  hear  any  tidings 
of  my  little  boy  till  about  twenty- 
six  years  afterwards  :  when  I  wasone 
day  at  work  at  a  shop  near  the  Hay- 
market,  the  pot-girl  came  from  a 
neighbouring  public-house,  and  told 
me  a  gentleman  wanted  to  speak  to 
me.  I  immediately  went,  and  a  well- 
dressed  man,  of  whom  I  had  no  re- 
collection, was  standing  in  the  room. 
Says   he,   "  Pray  is  your  name   so 

and  so  ? and  was  you  at  such  a 

time  so  and  so  ?" — "  Yes,"  says  I, 
"  it  is  — ;  and  yes,"  says  I,  "  I  was 

•."     "  Then,"  said  he,  "  I  am 

your  long-lost  son,  and  you  are  my 
father."  And  then  he  began  to  cry, 
and  I  cried  too,  for  I  could  not  help 
it,  to  see  my  son  Charles  again  after 
so  many  years.  When  I  asked  him 
where  he  had  been  so  long,  he  an- 
swered, "  I  very  faintly  remember, 
that  I  strayed  from  I  know  not  where 
after  you  all  one  afternoon  over  a 
bridge,  which  was  London  bridge, 
and  when  it  grew  dark  I  was  in  the 
Borough,  crying  for  my  father.  A 
man  who  keptcarts  took  pity  on  me, 
and  took  me  home  to  his  house,  and 
gave  me  some  victuals,  and  I  was 
put  to  bed  ;  and  as  he  never  could 
hear  where  I  came  from,  he  brought 
me  up,  and  bred  me  to  his  busi- 
ness. I  had  a  very  kind  mistress* 
(they  had  no  children,  having  bu- 
ried a  little  boy,  about  my  age,  just 
before  they  found  me) ;  she  also  pi- 
tied my  case,  and  was  very  com- 
passionate and  good  to  me  during 
my  childhood  ;  and  when  I  was 
about  two  and  twenty,  my  master 
died,  and  in  about  two  years  after  I 
married    my    mistress.     She    died 


■bout  iix  mont  I  I  id  n,» s  '"  ■ 

I  s   B 

good  property,  and  am  i:|  b 
v . -u  of  business  :   I  ke<  p  carts,  and 
employ  level  il  nun,  and  am  reck- 
oned (<»  !>«•  in  a  c  ip  I  'I  way  In  Cfial 
line,  whh  h  I  tun  Ihe  iboi  •  •  1  ''1  i  i- 
bi  ii  enablea  me,  father,  to  doi 
thing  handsome  for  \  on."  I  he  bai 
ber  <  oncluded, k-  M\  ion  a  u  i  \  erj 
dutiful  son,  and  verj  good  to  me ; 
l>iii   be  in. in  ied  ag  tin,  and   dj  ing 
suddenly,  his  wklon  possessed  her- 
self  of  lii'-  property,  which  she 
liuce  runout  with  another  husband  ; 


(  OLOUHVO, 

■nd  now  I  am  again  di 
mi  getting  rery  • 

.1 1  mm  h 
r.  3.  1  had  • 
plain  Ihe  wowUi  tsc  i  - 
The  firs!  isthrinitialsoftbei 
the  raj  i  of  ihe  ron-    \  Wet,  indigo, 
blue,  green,  y  Ho 
i    i.     i  be  of  Ik  i 
of  .in  bitecture  —  ' 

■( .),,.!.  I  Un  ic,  third,  lonii 

in,   i »  j  i  <  i  fifth    '  ■  •  i  i 

siliink- 

ing  in  itudy  a  rei  >d  ot 

ocfa  tli.; 

J      .  ■  ua. 


ON  SPLENDOUR  OF  COLOI        i        .      Sec. 

A     FRAGMENT. 

Letter  //" 


Feb.  a 


Mr.  Editor, 


Minerva,  shews  that  they  well  knew 


WiirTH rii  the  ancients,  in  •  and  lei 

]ii<r]i  '  fee.    arc 

of  effect    and    colouring  in    their  are  i  i  r#  filled, 

paintings,   is   a   subject  top,    more   mi 

the  scientific   are  not    agreed,    oi  >m,  \>;il<I  mid 

rather  it    is  unknown  to  them.     L  this  gi  »U] 

is    certain    the    (  ,     - .  position  in  w 

sculptors,  and  engravers  in  gems,  *  their 

mtv   much   our   s  principle    to  per* 


Engraving  for  prints  am!  et< 
:   unknown  till  within  thi 


;i :  pnd  ii 
known  to  the*  - 


three  or  tour  centui  >m-  '   to 

parison  can  be  made.     Thoseartisti  *  to 

hare  been  the  best  among  the  mo-    othei 

derns  that  have  studied  t 

examples    of   antiquity    with    the    ;his 

most  succ  their  painl  it  reraaii 

That    admirable    production    in     fer    ' 
sculpture,  Neptun  -  >   priest,  I 


coon,  and  his  two  Bons,    I 


marble  bj  I 


strayed   by  serp  oflBeudinj  JJ  and  Agesander,allnatires  of Rh 

Swp.    P    .  /.  3L 


4:o 


ON    SPLENDOUtt    OF    COLO  I  HINT;,    &C. 


in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  is  nol 
the  only  instance  of.  this  kind.  The 
youths  curbing  horses,  by  Phidias 

and  Praxiteles,  on  Mount  Cavallo, 
at  Rome,  &c.  <&rc.  are  other  in- 
stances of  Grecian  excellence  in 
grouping. 

Their  poets  and  orators  are  not 
only  the  great  patterns  for  imita- 
tion in  the  grand  essentials  of  the 
art,  but  also  as  splendid  and  rich 
in  their  manner  and  descriptions  as 
the  pictures  of  Titian,  Veronese, 
Rubens,  or  any  other  of  our  most 
resplendent  colour ists. 

Homer,  and  many  others,  may 
be  produced  as  a  proof  of  the  ac- 
curacy of  this  assertion.  Truly 
might  a  modern  writer  say  of  this 
celebrated  Grecian  bard,  who 
(though  it  is  now  near  three  thou- 
sand years  since  he  lived)  has 
never  been  surpassed,  or  perhaps 
equalled — 

"  Read   Homer  once,    and   you   can  read    no 

more, 
"  For  all  things  else  will  seem   so  mean  and 

poor  ; 
"  Verse  will   seem  prose.     Yet  often  on  him 

look, 
"  Aud  you  will  scarcly  need  another  book." 

A  passage  in  the  Iliad,  Juno 
dressing  herself,  occurs  to  me 
(and  with  such  rich  descriptions 
his  works  abound),  that,  perhaps, 
for  the  ornamental,  cannot  be 
equalled  by  any  modern  writer. 

JUNO  dressing  to  captivate  JUPITER. 
From  Homer. 

"  Jove  to  deceive,  what   method  shall    she 

try, 
"  What  arts  to  blind  his  all-beholding  eye  ? 
"  At  length  she  trusts  her  power,  resolv'd  to 

prove, 
"  The  old,  yet  still  successful  cheat  of  love; 
"  Against  his  wisdom  to  oppose  her  charms 
«  Aad  lull  the  lord  of  thunders  in  her  arms. ' 


"  Swift  to  her  bright  apartment  she  repairs, 
"  Sacred    to     dress    and     beauty's     pleasing 

cares  ; 
"  With  skill  divine,  had   Vulcan  form'd  the 

bower, 
"  Safe  from  access  of  each  intruding  power. 
"  Touch'd    with    hir   secret   key,  the   doors 

unfold, 
"  Self-closed,  behind  her  shut    the  valves  of 

gold  : 
"  Here  hrst   she  bathes,  and  round  her  body 

pours 
,  "  Soft  oils  of  fragrance  and  ambrosial  showers; 
,  "  The  winds  perfumed    the    balmy   gale  con- 

\  ey 
'  Through  heaven,  through  earth,  and  all  the 

aerial  way : 
;  "  Spirit  divine,  whose  exhalation  greets 
"  The   sense  of  Cods  with  more  than  mortal 

sweets ! 
"  Thus  while  she   breath' d   of  heav'n,  with 

decent  pride, 
"  Her  artful  hands  the  radiant  tresses  ty'd  ; 
"   Part  on  her  head  in  shining  ringlets  rolPd, 
"  Past  on  her  shoulders    waved    like    melted 

Sold. 
"  Around  her  next  a  heav'nly  mantle  flow'd, 
"  That    rich    with    Pallas'   labour'd   colours 

giow'd  ; 
"  Large  clasps   of  gold   the   foldings   gather 

round, 
"  A  golden  zone  her  swelling  bosom  bound  : 
"  Her  beaming  pendents  tremble  in  her  car, 
"   Each  gem  illumined  by  a  triple  star  ; 
"  Then  o'er  her  head  she  casts  a  veil,   more 

white 
"  Than  new-fall'ii  snow,  and   dazzling  as  the 

light : 
"  Last  her  fair  feet  celestial  sandals  grace. 
"  Thus  issuing  radiant,  with  majestic  pac<* 
"  Forth  from  the  dome  the  imperial  goddess 

moves, 
"  And   calls    the  mother  of  the   Smiles  and 

Loves." 

The  ancient  paintings,  the  Al- 
dobrandini  marriage,  the  satyr's 
head,  &c.  found  in  the  ruins  of 
Herculaneum  *,  in  the  year  1706', 


*  Herculaneum,  Pompeia,  and  Sta- 
bia,  were  destroyed  by  an  eruption  of 
Mount  Vesuvius,  which  burst  out  all  at 
once,  between  one  and  two  in  the  after- 
noon, August  23,  in  the  year  of  Christ 
79,  by  which  those  towns  were  com- 
pletely overwhelmed  ;  the  former  by  an 


nN    ifL]  ■.  DOC  it    OP   0OLO1  Bl 


431 


■I  Portici,neai  Naples,  in  a  ruinoua 
rau K  (while  digging  a  foundation 
for  ;i  villa  for  the  prince  of  El- 
boiuO  after  lying  there  L6S"3  y< 
with  othei  curiosities,  came  into 
the  possession  of  Prince  Eugene, 
who  took  them  to  \  ienna,  and 
built  ;i  tala  terrena  lor  them,  in 
these  paintings,  nothing  appear* 
to  slicw  that  the)  possessed  the  ex- 
cellent  ofefl  i  I  and  Bplendid  co- 


inundaftion  of  bol   m    1.  b    we<  n 
andei  nt)  f<      I     ■■;  and  thetwo  latter 
with  showers  of  ashes,    pumice-  tones, 
;1;1,I  otber  »  ilcaaic  substances,  in  some 
,  i .,    i  near  twenty  feet  in  height. 

Herculaneum  is  five  miles,  Pompeia 
seven,  :uu\  Stabia  ten  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  the  volcano.  This  eruptionso 
altered  the  face  of  this  part  of  the  coun- 
try, that  it  is  not  much  above  a  century 
since  any  discoveries  were  made,  even 
at  Herculaneum,  which  was  consider- 
ably prior  to  the  other  two  towns.  The 
elder  Pliny  (the  uncle)  lost  his  life  by 
this  eruption,  which  was  bo  dreadful, 
that  the  aahes  were  carried  in  the  air 
into  Africa,  Egypt,  and  Syria.  It 
darkened  the  ron  for  three  daj  s:  most 
of  the  inhabitants  lost  their  lives  ;  one 
OB  was  found  in  the  act  of  running 
away  with  the  street-door  key  in  one 
hand,  and  a  bag  of  money  in  the  other. 
The  rooms  in  the  houses  were  found  just 
key  happened  to  be  at  the  tremen 
dous  moment  Among  the  curiosi- 
ties, besides  |  •  :m' 
-(  destals,  com-mills,  an  ■dive- 
mill,  a  bas-relief  of  a  Triremis,  fountains, 

an  I   cocks  of  brow    . 
glirinm  fordonnke;   sacred  instruments 
for  sacrificing,   sin  ii  as  altars,  ti 
patera*,  prefericulum  knives  for  slaying 
the  victims,  probes  For  examining  theii 
entrails;  a  line  large  bn  for  the 

a  ma  lustralis;  a  grea  j       bn  n.  < 

lamps,  with  whimsical  »r  burn- 

ing   .a  a  boil  chamber,   with   a 


lonrinz  which  embelliafa  thr  pro- 
dm  lioni  "i    torn     of  our  mod 
painti  re.     But,   Mr.  I"  litor,  <  an  it 
be  Buppoaed  thai  the  anciente,  who 
ure   o  i<  nowned  i"r  ipl  ndour  and 

nificence,  vhould  have  omitted 
the  leading  ornamenti  of  erT<  cl  anu 
luxuriant  colouring  in  tbeii  pic- 
Luxes  I  Their  beat  pocti  and  < •»  1 1 <•  r 
jft'iU  i-,  as  well  a>  thcii  oratot  -,  un- 

il  and   practised,   in  a  hi^li 


lull  of  liule  b 
ear-rin  .  i,    m  i  Id  vet  ,    bra 
rinas;  also  the  bull  aure  i,  worn  bi  the 

.  ;    Cu|   .   rases,  bair-pina, 
dials,  b  ists  of  bi  I  marble,  ivo- 

ry toilet  boxes,  tooth-pickers,  button- 
moulds  of  ivory  ;  the  I  the  pins 
generally  Venn-  and  Cupid  :  thim 
Bhoe-heels,  to)  -  for  children,  I 
,,i  \.,  ,  -,  ...  .  of  bron  i  ;  also  a  wooden 
comb,  small  ivory  ti<  Itets  for  th"  play, 
one  with  /Eechylua  marked  on  it,  and  all 
regularly  numbered,  that  the  difl 

■  ion  might  know  where  to  Mt  — 
dice,  wme  leaded  tor  cheating,  one  with 
a  piece  of  lead  in  it  to  this  day  :  met  are 
like  the  wooden  dice  8  and  I,  3  and  2, 

!  and  3,   whi(  h  each  may    cane  to  ' 

great    variety   of  hron/.c   candlesticks, 
most  elegantly  wrought ;  also  three  • 
derii:   hue  made  of  gold  wire  without 
silk,    crystal   boxes    full  of  bronze  in 
e»  ellent    |  ".   g©W  leaf, 

drapery  cloth  of  Tynan  purple,  soles  of 
shoes   made  of  cord,   amber,  pitch, 
cord,  fish-hooks,  colours  for 

painting,    in    wonderful     preservation, 
scrolls,  tablets,  ink-hoM  I  pen, 

the  Stylus  pointed  at  one  end   a. id  tlat  at 
the   other  ;  yst  d     paste  ;    mea- 

sures, one  has  i 

cheating— the  Roman  foot,  agricultural 
iii-.tain.cnU  of  iron, 

-.  grub-axes,  very  I  modem 

j    instruuM  <  s  of 

bullrushcs  for  pa 
hud  cabinet,  &C 

3L  2 


452 


OX    SPLEXD01TR    OF    COLOURING,    &C. 


degree,  the  ornamental,  a:  well  as 
the  more  essential  requisites,  in 
their  celebrated  works  and  orations. 
AVlnt  skilful  management,  in  every 
particular,  is  to  be  found  in  their 
epic  poems,  not  only  in  composi- 
tion, character,  expression,  group- 
ing, correctness  of  subordination, 
Sec.  in  judicious  episode,  but  also 
In  rich  description,  and  a  due  de- 
gree of  sober  breadth  to  contrast 
with  their  luxuriant  details.  As 
these  principles  were  well  known 
to  the  sculptor,  architect,  and  me- 
chanic, how  is  it  possible  to  sup- 
pose that  the  painters  alone  remain- 
ed ignorant  of  the  ornamental  ar- 
tifices ? 

The  magnificence  of  the  ancient 
Eastern  nations  is  continually  ar- 
resting the  attention  of  the  readers 
of  their  history,  in  a  manner  sorae- 
what  similar  to  what  our  poet  wAy] 
painter.  John  Dyer,  who  died  in 
1758,  observed  of  the  Romans  : 

"  u  «■■ Flo.v'ry  bowers  they  sock, 

M  As  EtlVi-   prompts,  as  the  siek    sense  ap- 
prove , 
"  Orcocl  nymphean  grots,  or  tepid  baths 
"  (Taught  by  the  soft  loaians),  they  alo.ig 
"  The  lawny  vale  of  every  beauteous  stone 
"  Pile  in  the  rosea*  air  with  fond  expence: 
"  Through  silver  channels  glide  the  vagrant 

waves, 
"  And  fall  in  silver  beds  crystalline  down, 
c<  Melodious  murmuring :   while  luxury 
"  Over  their  naked  limbs  with  wanton  hand 
"  Sheds  roses,  odours — sheds  unheeded  bane! 
**  The  citron  boad — the  bowl,  emboss'd  with 

gems 
"  And  tender  foliage  wildly  wreathe,-:  around, 
"  Of  seeming  ivy,  by  that  artful  hand 
"  Corinthian  Thericles;   w]  ate'er  is  known 
u  Of  rarest  acquisitions — Tyrian  garbs, 
"  Neptunian  Album  ,   high  testaceous  food, 
"  And   flavour'd    Chian    wines,   with   incense 

famed, 
"  To  slake  Fatrician  thirst ." 

Reynolds  observes,  that  it  is 
probable  what   we  have  of  ancient 


paintings  are  the  works  of  artists 
that  were  considered  by  their  con- 
temporaries to  have  but  a  moderate 
share  of  ability  ;  and  imagines,  if  we 
had  some  of  the  productions  of 
Apelles,  Zeuxis,  Parrhasius,  Pro- 
togenes,  or  some  other  of  (heir  most 
celebrated  painters,  we  should  see 
pictures  coloured  like  Titian,  and 
drawn  like  the  Laocoon.  He  sup- 
poses the}r  failed  in  composition,  in 
grouping  their  figures, and  disposing 
the  light  and  shadow  in  masses. 
Pliny  says  (hey  made  use  of  a  var- 
nish to  invigorate  their  colouring  : 
by  this  Sir  Joshua  understands  him 
to  mean  glazing,  which  practice 
increases  his  good  opinion  of  their 
colouring,  because  it  takes  down 
false  splendour;  for,  as  be  justly 
observes,  good  colouring  does  not 
consist  in  fine  colours,  but  true 
colours.  He  also  thought  better  of 
their  colouring,  because  Pliny  says 
they  used  four  colours  (black, 
white,  red,  and  yellow)  :  he  says, 
the  fewer  the  colours,  the  clearer 
will  be  the  effects  of  those  colours. 
The  mixture  of  two  colours  is  not 
so  bright  as  one,  or  that  of  three  as 
of  two,  &c.  &c.  If  does  not  seem 
so  obvious,  how  it  can  be  better  for 
(heir  colouring  to  want,  materials. 
Some  respectable  authorities  ob- 
serve, that  Pliny  does  not  say  they 
used  only  four  colours  :  lie  says 
they  used  four  colours;  but  not 
that  they  were  the  only  colours  they 
used  :  and  contend,  ilw.i  there  are 
many  indisputable  proofs  of  their 
having  the  same  colours  as  the 
moderns. 

Even  the  circumstance  of  oil- 
painting  being  invented,  about 
1410,  by  Van  Eyk,  is  much  op- 
posed.    It  is  pretended,  that  there 


ON    Dl    I   I   I. 


ire    proofs   of  its  having  existed 

Tii.in  ,  :  >:••  :    but   I  never  inel 

with  any  aoth  ■>  ■..  Iio  Imagined  the 


■nci  nil  were  acquainted  with 

inel  liod.  Jl   M  n  i 


OIS   [)l  I 

TO  THE  EDI  TOR  OF  THE  REP0S1 1 

i 


Si  R, 

VV i:  are  guilty  of  the  greatest 

injustice  when  we  represent  as  hot 


of  \s  hi*  li  I  shall  i  i  ae  of  (lie 

most  intcrestiii 

Leopold,  duke   <>t'    \  i 


rible  and  bnrbarons,  those  times  in     cused    Richard,  king        I        mil, 


which  c\rv\  gentleman  was  allowed 
to  defend  his  honour  and  his  rights 
with  the  sword,  and  when  we  con- 
sider our  ancestors,  const  intly  clad 


in  the  pr< 

i  many,  of  haying  behaved  ill 
in  the  wars  m ith  the  infidels,  and 
maintained    i   correspo  with 


in  mail,  as  sanguinary  and  vindic-  them,  in  support  of  which  c; 

tive.     The  most  superficial  view  of  he  was  ready  t<»  i. 

their  manners  and  actions  will  con-  combat.     This  challen    •   K  I 

vince  us  that  they  were  men  of  libc-  declined  in  a  noble  answer,  \ 

ral  s;iiti,.:  Bing   the  most  did  him  more  honour   thin    ad   the 

delicate  sense  of  h  tnoui  an  I  Refined  advantage  s  he  would  probabrj 

sensibility.       Their    \  lined    by    m  ,!.      ■•  J 

which  had  for  their  object  cither  the  ready,"   said    be,    ••  to  draw 


defence  <>t   nnpr 

of  their  own  honour,  or  of  reli 


were  conducted  with  the  utmost  mi-     combat.'1 


sword  in  di  fence  of  my  religion,  but 
never  shall  it  he  stained  in  single 


lemnity  and  regard  to  established 
rules ;  and  it  was  not  uncommon  tor 
the  conqueror  to  obtain  by  magna- 
nimity and  forbearance,  the  friend- 
ship of  the  fcanquishc  I,  and  the 
esteem  of  the  court  and  of  all  the 
spectators.     It   was  o<  ce  s  try  that 

every    combat,   before    it   could    be 
looked     upon     as    just     and     I 
should  have  the  consent  ol  the  sove- 
reign ;    that   the   offending   person 


Every  reader  must  be  acquainted 
with  the  disputes  between  Ed 
III.  of  England  an, I  Philip  d. 

nit   of  t!i  pre- 

ferred by  the   former   to  i, 
"t    Prance.      Edward    chad. 

Philip  to  decide  them    either   I 
duel   dei ween    themselves,    Ol 
a    combat    between    one    hundred 
knights   on   either    side,    or    even 
army  against  army.    Philip  replied, 


..  .  ,, , 

should  be  summoned  by  a  challenge  that  "  it  he  would  slake  the  crown 
either  to  apologize  or  to  fight,  upon  ;  ol  Englaud  against  ti...t  of  France) 
which,  the  place  appointed  for  the  .  so  that  theconqueroi  should  rei 

meeting  ami    the  arms,  were   rij;or-     in  tranquil  ih  Line* 

ously   examined   by  a    number  ot    doms,   he   was  ready  to  enter  the 


knights,   that  neither  of  the  com- 
batants might  have  any  advantage 

over  the  other.      We   have  several 
'v*  ry  curious  instancesafchallei 


lists    with    him.*' 

however,  Edward  did  not  thii 

ept. 

In  the  history  of  Francis  I.  of 


4C4 


ox  Durr,<i. 


France,  Me  find  an  account  of  a 
remarkable  challenge. — At  a  meet- 
ing held  at  Rome,  the  emperor 
Charles  V.  in  order  to  evince  his 
desire  for  the  restoration  of  peace  in 
Christendom,  and  that  he  might 
have  nothing  to  reproach  himself 
with,  either  before  God  or  man, 
respecting  the  cause  of  the  war,  de- 
clared his  intention  of  submitting 
to  the  king  certain  proposals,  the 
second  of  which  was  in  substance 
as  follows  : — that,  in  order  to  pre- 
vent the  farther  effusion  of  blood, 
he  would  meet  the  king,  after  they 
had  exchanged  hostages,  and  fight 
him  with  equal  arms,  either  upon  a 
bridge,  an  island,  or  on  ship-board, 
upon  this  condition,  that  the  king 
should  stake  the  duchy  of  Bur- 
gundy, and  he  the  duchy  of  Milan, 
both  of  which  should  be  the  prize 
of  the  conqueror.  When  Francis 
was  informed  of  this  challenge, 
which,  at  first,  it  was  wished  to 
keep  from  his  knowledge,  he  sent 
a  herald  to  the  emperor  with  a  car- 
tel, in  which,  among  other  things, 
he  says  : 

"  Be  it  hereby  known  unto  you, 
if  you  have  thrown  out,  or  shall 
again  throw  out,  insinuations  against 
our  ioyaliy  and  integrity,  or  assert 
that  we  have  ever  done  any  thing 
unbecoming  a  gentleman  and  a  man 
of  honour,  we  tell  you  to  your  teeth 
that  you  lie,  and  will  lie  as  often  as 
you  say  so;  and  that  we  are  deter- 
mined to  defend  our  honour  to  the 
last  drop  of  our  blood,  &c.  Given 
in  our  beloved  city  of  Paris,  the  2Sth 
March,  1527." 

The  emperor  about  the  same  time 
received  a  letter  of  similar  import 
from  Henry  VI II.  of  England,  but 
thought  proper  not  to  accept  the 
invitation  to  such  a  combat. 


Charles  IX.  of  Sweden  sent  a 
challenge  to  Christian,  king  of  Den- 
mark, with  a  view  to  put  an  end  by 
single  combat  to  the  war  in  which 
they  were  engaged,  and  which 
proved  unfortunate  for  him.  I  shall 
transcribe  the  whole  of  his  letter. 

u  You  have  not  acted  as  an  ho- 
nourable and  a  christian  monarch 
ought  to  act,  for  you  have  not  only 
broken  the  peace  of  Stettin,  which 
continued  upwards  of  forty  years 
between  the  two  neighbouring  king- 
doms  ;  but  you  first  took  the  city 
of  Calmar  by  force,  and  then  the 
citadel  by  treachery,  and  after  this, 
the  islands  of  Oeland  and  Born- 
holm  ;  but  God,  a  just  judge,  will, 
I  trust,  revenge  the  injuries  and 
injustice  done  to  me,  and  punish 
you  ;  and  as  you  have  hitherto  re- 
jected with  contempt  all  overtures 
for  peace,  and  have  always  been  de- 
sirous of  war,  I  propose  to  yon  this 
method,  as  I  know  that  you  are  at 
the  head  of  your  army,  that,  in 
order  to  prevent  the  effusion  of  in- 
nocent blood,  we  terminate  our  dis- 
putes by  single  combat  with  the 
sword,  and  only  in  doublets ;  that 
each  shall  bring  with  him  to  the 
place  of  meeting,  no  more  than  one 
armed  knight,  and  one  soldier  with 
his  musket.  If  you  do  not  appear 
to  this  challenge,  I  will  never  con- 
sider you  either  as  an  honourable 
king  or  a  soldier." 

The  Danish  monarch  replied 
drily  to  the  accusations,  but  the 
challenge  he  declined,  "as  a  per- 
fectly ludicrous  affair,  which  shew- 
ed but  too  plairdy  that  he  ought  to 
take  hellebore  to  clear  his  brain." 
Charles,  whose  health  had  shortly 
before  been  impaired  by  an  apo- 
plectic attack,  and  who  was  still 
more  oppressed  by  grief  for  the  dis- 


<>N     h 


ni  issue  of  ihe  wai  • 
biidi  r  iho< k  from  this  answer,  thai 
be  ittn  ived  but  a  fen  daj  i. 

The  challenges  interchanged  be- 
tween I  lenry,  K  ing  oi  I  •  I  ind,  and 
I. dins,  dukeof  <  Orleans,  in  1 1' 
worthy  <>l"  notice.  I  [enrj  .  duke  "i 
Lancaster,  usurped  the  throne  of  his 
cousin,  Richard  1 1.  This  <  onducl 
Prance  could  not  behold  with  indif- 
i.  rencc,  though  Charles  \  I.  fell 
himself  too  weak  tobreakthc  pence 
concluded  with  Richard  and  declare 
open  War  against  Henry.  The  duke 
of  Orleans,  therefore,  undertook  to 
call  him  out  by  a  challenge.  He 
proposed  that  each  should  appear 
attended  by  one  hundred  knights, 
of  irreproachable  character  and 
gentlemen  by  birth,  armed  in  the 
usual  manner,  with  lance,  battle- 
axe,  sword,  and  dagger,  without 
having  recourse  (<>  magical  orothei 
aids,  such  :is  poisoned  lances, 
The  duke  would,  with  the  help  of 
(.'<>  I.  the  blessed  Virgin,  and  Mon- 
seigneur  St,  Michel,  he  in  hiscifj 
ofAngOuleme,  and  the  kinj;  might 
come  to  Bourdeaux,  from  which 
places  they  might  set  out  against 
each  other. 

Henry  replied  that  he  had  seen 
his  letter,  and  was  highly  astonish- 
ed  at  being  challenged  by  him.  con- 
trary   to    the    peace    which    he    had 

himself  sworn.  He  therefore  de- 
clared, in  the  first  place,  that  this 

treaty  was  annulled,  and  that  no 
friendship  should  in  future  su!>s|>i 
between   them.      Secondly,    though 

lie  bad  no  occasion  to  accept  a 
challenge  <>t"  anv  one  beneath  the 
rank  of  a  king,  he  would  comply 
with  the  duke's  request  ;  ami  finally 
promises,  by  God  and  Monscigneur 
St.  George,  that  he  would  rip.ur  to 
bis  dominions  beyond  sea,  t!:  . 


to  Gui   mie  ;  without,  I 

ime  or  plat  ••.  <>r  <  onti 

himself   to    the       |"  <  die    muni 

one  hundred  knights.    :  other 

this  occasion  ;  Imt  i bete  I  shall  mil 

in. lice,    ;is  tiny     y. 

no  effi    i.  and  took 

■  •. 

(  )f  aim 

'     n  In-  li    John     V 

knight  ami  seneschal  "f  !  I 

■  know  i)  bj  ;i  herald  ii    • 
couutries  ,    in  w  lli<  h  he  invited   all 
knights  ai 

chy,  the  first  Sun  lay  in 
August,  I  102,  w  here  he  wo 
w  it  Ii  (hot  ought  /i! 

(he   chal:  ith   on    ! 

with  lance  and  swot 
on    fool.     lie   -        I   his 

of   then    - 

it. 
and  fighting  by  the  waj  an 

man    that    chose,     upon    tin- 
lie     accord:. 

Conchj  <>,i  the  appointed  day,  but 

there  was  no  person  who  woul 

cept   liis  chal 

commi  need 

during  which    he 

fight  at  seven  different  pi  > 

which   occasi 

liantly,  that  the  princes  who   - 

imbat,    i 
expressed  tin:  highest  admJ 
his  pro 

\\  e  find    that    i: 

nights  to  by  way  of 

; 
which 

The  person  offended  sent  it  to 
►nistj     01     directed     It    t 
thrown  at   Ilia  fi  * !  ;   and  t1 
by  taking  it  v ; 
ance  of  the  challenge.     T 
I 


4SG 


ACCOUNT    OF    THE    CRlMIM. 


Such  was  (hat  sent  by  Renatua  of 
Anjouto  Alphonso,  king  of  Naples, 
as  a  challenge  (o  fight  with  him  for 
that  kingdom.  Other  things  were 
likewise  employed  forlhe  same  pur- 
pOse,  such  as,  a  riband,  a  "bloody 
cloth,  or  a  cap.  It  was  delivered 
by  a  herald  or  trumpeter,  in  the 
presence  of  respectable  witnesses  ; 
at  the  same  time  (he  ground  of  nc- 
cusation  was  notified,  as  also  the 
place  for  (he  combat  and  the  wea- 
pons. 

One  of  (he  most  ancient  examples 
occurs  during  (he  reign  of  Louis 
the  Pious.  Bera,  a  knight  of  high 
rank  at  his  court,  was  accused  of 
baying  maintained  a  correspondence 
■with  the  Africans  and  infidels  in 
Spain.  lie  repaired  to  Aix,  where 
the  king  kept  his  court.  His  ac- 
cusers persisted  in  (he  charge,  and 
threw  him  one  of  (he  pledges  de- 
scribed above.  Bera  took  it  up  and 
threw  (hem  his  in  return,  asserting 
that  (he  accusation  was  false,  and 
that  he  was  neither  a  traitor  nor 
perfidious.  A  combat  was  appoint- 
ed, Bera  was  vanquished  and  com- 
pelled to  acknowledge  that  lie  was 
guilty.      The  king  granted  him  his 


life.  but  his  coat  of  arms  was  bro- 
ken, and  he  was  banished  for  life  (o 
Rouen. 

This  exchange  of  pledges  took 
place  at  almost  all  duels,  and  was 
authorized  by  the  legal  tribunals,  as 
is  proved,  among  other  documents, 
by  one  drawn  up  by  the  parliament 
iA'  Paris  on  Monday  the  15th  De- 
cember, 1343. 

A  knight  named  John  de  Vervins 
had  accused  another  knight,  Henry 
du  Bois,  to  the  king,  of  sorcery  ;  on 
which  (he  latter  sought  to  prove  his 
innocence,  and  had  thrown  his  op- 
ponent the  pledge.  A  day  was  ap- 
pointed for  the  conflict,  but  we  find 
no  further  particulars  respecting 
this  affair.  This  pledge  was  de- 
nominated by  the  civilians,  placi- 
tum  en  sis. 

If  this  attempt  to  contribute  to 
the  amusement  of  your  readers, 
should  meet  your  approbation,  I 
may  perhaps  be  induced  to  pursue 
the  subject,  and  to  transmit  to  you, 
at  a  future  opportunity,  particulars 
relating  to  other  remarkable  duels, 
I  am  vour's,  &c. 

X. 

Westminster,  May  5. 


ACCOUNT  of  the  CRIMEA,  HISTORICAL  and  DESCRIPTIVE 

(Continuation  of  Letter  III.  from  p.  567.,) 

On  approach ingKutchakoy,  you 
perceive  the  ruins  of  a  part  of  a 
mountain   that  fell  into  the  sea  on 


the  10th  of  February,  1786,  with 

houses,  gardens,  and  every  thing 
that  stood  upon  it.  This  catas- 
trophe followed  the  shock  of  an 
earthquake.  The  best  account  of 
the  accident  is  given  by  Professor 
Pallas,  whom  I  shall  quote. 

"  From  the  front  of  the  rock,  the 


coast  was  a  series  of  ravines,  throng!', 
one  of  which  ran  a  rivulet.  The 
10th  of  February,  the  surface  of  the 
soil  began  to  crack  and  separate  ; 
and  the  same  day  the  rivulet,  which 
turned  two  Tartar  mills,  was  lost  in 
the  crevices.  Two  days  after,  the 
superficies  of  the  soil  had  continued 
to  break,  and  the  apprehension  of 
danger  had  caused  the  Tartars  to 
leave  their  habitations,  with  their 


k(  (  Ot    NT     Of      rill.     (    IIIMI    \. 


rattle  and  eflfc<  tl  |  the  whole  of  the 
ypace  between  Hie  ia\ines  above- 
mentioned,  from  the  elevated  fronl 
of  the  i".  k,  bi  i  'i  Bi  the  MS)  fell 


run  wild    in   tin-  hand,  of  flu-  i 

lent    T.iri  tr  .     A    da  ' 

\\  mini-   p  Uh,  i « » r  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1  \   leading 

1 1 "in  ..I,.-  roek  to  another 


in  at  midnight,  with  a  frightful  noise,     brings  roo  to  the  so  mm  d  extolled 


to  the  extent  neai Ij  of  two  fereta 
in  length,  and  from  350  to  600  I  u 
thorns  in  width.  This  eruption, 
a li icli  continued  till  the  20th  of  IV- 
lu  u.i i  \ ,  made  b  ditch  ten  fathoms 

in    depth,    in    which    remained    one 

large  and  two  small  parallel  banks 
of  the  solid  rock.  In  proportion  as 
one  |>art  of  the  iteep  side  became 
detached  from  the  rock,  the  whole 

HMUI  pressed  in  the  same  propor- 
tion on  its  base,  and  the  shore  ad- 
vanced from  that  lime  into  the  sea, 
in  i  circumference  of  from  sixty  to 
eighty  toiscs.  Jn  (he  night  of  the 
£8th,  two  slight  shocks  of  an  earth- 
quake were  felt,  after  the  water  of 
the  rivulet,  which  had  disappeared, 
began  to  flow  again  at  the  super- 
ficies, bat  ran  in  a  different  direc- 
tion, after  forming  several  lakes 
and  maishv   places    along   the   new 

shore.  Besides  the  two  mills  lately 
mentioned,  this  fall  buried  in  its 
ruins  eight  houses,  and  destroyed 
whole  fields  and  gardens. " 


valley  ..I  B  ivdar.  <  ailed  i>\  tb< 

tin*  the  Tani  u 

mean  Tempe,  «\ < .     'I  his  rail 

<>|  an  01  d  foi  in,  about  t  went  \    miles 

long,  and  surrounded  bj  high  n 

tains,  covered  with  beautiful  WO 
where    many    kinds   of   wild   fruits, 
mixed    with    odoriferous    llowering 
shrubs,  adorn   the  green    i 

w  hie  h    CUt    oil    all    comiuuiii<  | 

I  with  the  world.  The  innocent  in- 
habitants of  this  Taoric  Arcadia, 
realize  the  pleasing  dreams  of  the 
pastoral  poets.  M  iny  o(  then 
never  beyond  their  native  moun- 
tains, and  will  probably  pass  the 
remainder   of  their  harmless   lira 

w  ithout  ever  quitting  this  quiet  and 

tranquil  retreat.  A  number  of  Tar- 
tar villages  are  most  romantically 
situated  in  this  line  vall<\  .  Here 
you  see  (heir  I  USt  itucJc 

as  it  were  against  the  sides  of  the 
mountain,  and  peeping  out  ofk 
tog  orchards,  then  out  of  irregular 
clumps  of  tine  trees,  planted  by  na- 


Thc     inhabitants,     however,     ot  aire    on    the    banks    of  the    limpid 

Kutchakoy  have  already   forgotten  streams,   that   water,  as   they  wind 

these  disasters,  and  do  not  appear  through,  this  earthly  Elybiura.     1st 

to  think  of  those  which    now    seem  short,   it    is    necessary   to    visit  the 

to  threaten   them.     .Alter   crossing  vallej  lar,  to  fcel  aU  tie 

the  ridge  of  the  mountains,  you  de-  feci*  that  these  objects  are  calco> 

scnad  into  the  charming  \ alley  oi  latcd  to  produce,  when  animated  by 

Foras,  where  nature  has,  with  the  the  view  of  flocks,  shepherds,  and 

most    liberal    hand,    bestowed    the  hu.sbaudmen  all    around    rou;  the 


richest  verdure  i\m\  reget  it  ion  ; 
while  the  slopes  o(  the  mountains 
that  form  its  semicircular  back  (tor 
its  front  is  open  to  the  sea)  ai 
vered  with  forests of  wikl  fruit trees; 
or,  iaother  words,  with  thegardenaof 
the  Greeks  and  Genoese.  -&uiVi  red  to 
Sup.    Vol.  I. 


latter  cultivatiriir  their  fury  ■bode, 
which  well  repays  their  labour  with 
abundant  crops,  tally  adequate  to 
the  few  wants  of  these  truly  pastoral 

its.     The  r«>ad   from  bet 
Balaklava    was   made    tor  the   cm- 
psn  H  Catharine  II.   at   the 

9  M 


438 


ACCOUNT    OP    THE    CRIMEA. 


her  journey  (o  the  Crimea  ;  and, 
being  a  continued  rock,  must  have 
required  infinite  labour  to  render 
it  pnssable.  The  ancient  name  of 
Balaklava  was  Climatum.  It  is 
now  reduced  to  about  four  hundred 
houses,  principally  inhabited  by  a 
Colony  of  Albanians,  who  in  flying- 
hither  from  Oitoman  tyranny  at 
the  end  of  the  firmer  war,  in  which 
they  had  taken  an  active  part  in  fa- 
vour of  Russia,  seemed  to  have  ful- 
filled the  old  saying  of  falling  on 
Charybdisin  avoiding  Scylla;  for, 
alas  !  they  have  settled  on  the  most 
unhealthy  spot  of  all  the  Crimea, 
which  has  reduced  the  original 
number,  three  thousand,  to  about 
fifteen  hundred.  It  is  really  dis- 
tressing to  hear  the  survivors  lament 
the  fate  of  their  friends  and  relations, 
cut  oft"  by  an  unknown  enemy, 
which  pours  out  death  and  disease 
from  a  hidden  source,  which  all  are 
equally  exposed  to,  although  per- 
sons born  on  the  spot  resist  its  at- 
tacks much  better  than  their  parents, 
the  first  settlers,  who  have  suffered 
so  much.  Still,  even  this  second 
generation  has  but  a  sickly  look. 
The  deadly  vapour  so  destructive 
here,  seems  to  be  a  putrid  March 
miasma,  which  will  soon  put  to 
flight,  or  lay  in  the  grave,  the  per- 
secuted Albanians.  The  port  of 
Balaklava,  the  Portus  Symbolon  of 
Strabo,  is  cne  of  the  most  curious 
and  snug  basins  in  the  world  ;  being 
surrounded  with  mountains  in  such 
a  manner,  as  to  be  completely 
guarded  against  every  wind  that 
blows  ;  while  the  mouth  of  it  an- 
swers perfectly  well  to  the  name 
given  it  by  Ptolemy  of  Boras  An- 
trarn,  as  in  fact  it  looks  more  like 
the  mouth  of  a  cave  than  a  harbour, 
not  only  on  account  of  its  narrow- 


ness, but  from  its  oblique  direction 
between  two  high  rocks.  This  pre- 
vents your  seeing  the  basin  till  you 
have  actually  entered  it,  and  re- 
quires much  care  and  dexterity  in 
turning  into  it.  These  advantages 
rendered  this  port  for  many  ages 
the  constant  resort  of  the  Euxine 
pirates,  once  so  numerous.  How- 
ever, all  its  natural  advantages  have 
not  preserved  its  ancient  trade,  so 
highly  flourishing  for  many  years 
after  the  extermination  of  the  pi- 
rates, more  particularly  while  the 
Crimea  was  in  the  possession  of  the 
Genoese  ;  for  it  is  entirely  put  an 
end  to  by  a  chain  laid  across  the 
narrow  mouth  of  the  harbour,  to 
prevent,  as  they  say,  the  danger  of 
introducing  the  plague  with  contra- 
band goods  run  in  here,  which  it  is 
impossible  to  prevent  in  any  other 
way,  notwithstanding  all  the  vigi- 
lance of  the  custom-house  officers  ; 
so  that  the  inhabitants  of  Balaklava 
are  now  cut  off  from  all  external  re- 
source, a  privation  little  calculated 
to  lighten  the  weight  of  the  domestic 
calamity  which  perpetually  assails 
them  from  the  land.  On  the  moun- 
tain to  the  right,  as  you  enter  this 
port  from  the  sea,  you  discover  the 
ruins  of  a  Genoese  fort,  the  works  of 
which  running  all  round  the  brow  of 
the  hill,  seem  to  have  been  of  such 
extent  as  to  contain  a  large  town  with- 
in them.  This  fortified  wall  was  once 
defended  by  twelve  or  thirteen  tur- 
rets, three  of  which  are  much  larger 
than  the  rest,  more  particularly  one, 
which  seems  to  have  been  a  fort  of 
itself.  It  stands  upon  an  oval  basis, 
in  the  center  of  which  is  a  cistern, 
contrived  in  such  a  manner  as  to  re« 
ceive  rain  water  from  several  sloping 
roofs,  by  means  of  little  conduits  ; 
and  as  the  mouth  of  the  cistern  is 


ACCOUNT    OF    Tlin    CH1MKA. 


within  the  towar,  the  garrison,  iii 

,,t  a  -.i«':re,  must  b&Te  f'  I  B  SUp- 

plied  from  the  cloadi  with  thii  ne- 
cessary fluid  i  so  that  I   hav< 
doubt  that  the  Genoeie  made  an 
obstinate  defence  here  against  thi 
whole  power  of  the  Ko/iiif  ,  before 
they  were  dislodged  Grom  toil  and 
their  other  strong  holds  in  the  Cri 
man,  and  compelled  to  concentrate 
their  whole    force   in    the   town  of 
Cafla, 

From  Balaklavn  e  good  road  con- 
ducts yon  to  the  Turkish  port  ol 
Achtjar,  called  by  the  Russians  9e- 
bastapol,  or  the  August  City,  pro- 
bably to  preserve  the  name  of  ■  fa- 
mous Greek  and  Roman  mart  of 
that  name  in  the  ancient  kingdom  of 
Colchis,  which  was  once  frequented 
by  so  many  different  nations,  that 
they  were  obliged  to  keep  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  interpreters,  to  fa- 
cilitate its  extensive  commerce. 

This  new  Sevastopol  is  one  of  the 
finest  and  most  secure  ports  perhaps 
in  the  world,  and,    from   its  size, 
would   contain    all   the    fleets    that 
Russia  has  in  this  part  of  the  globe. 
It  is,  however,  infested  with  a  most  ! 
destructive   worm,   that  seems  here  I 
to    have    fixed    its    most    favourite 
abode,  and  soon  renders  useless  those  ] 
vessels  that  are  not  defended  by  cop- 
per  sheathing.      The  new  city   is 
seated,  in  form  o(  an  smpfrithi 
on  the  side  of  a  hill,  which  sepa- 
rates two  of  its  fine  basins,  one  of 
which  serves  for  the  port,  and  the 
other  for  performing  quarantine  ;   a 
precaution  very  necessary  to  guard 
against  the  plague,    when  a  direct 
communication  with  Constantino] 
is  kept  open.    The  old  Tartar  houses 
here,  as  well  as  every  where  else  in 
the  peninsula,  are  small  and  ill  built.  ' 


Hong  the  qn  >y-  b  ire  soma 

net  buildings,  ofs  mm  h  b 
•traction,  the  natural 
of  [ti  being  th<  station  i  '  th  i  E  us> 
Lne  fleet,  and  ol  <  our...-  the  chit  I 
•idence  of  the  I 

the  co 
in  chief  Ui 

the  board  pf  admit  d 
he  presid  •  — 

The  fleet  of  linr-i.  and 

the  flotilla,  lying  iii  tbU  I 
ititutethenai  il  ton  e  of  the  Eusine, 
and  are  fully  adequate  to  cope  with 
that  of  the  Turks,  whu  h,  slth 
stronger  in  ship-,   is  much   Lilt 
in   naval  skill.       I    «  umot   omit   to 
mention  here,  that  Professor  Pallas 
says  ho  observed  several  of  it-,  rocks 
corroded  and  evm  honeyc 
mire;*  curious  phenomenon,  which 
if  founded,  will  account  for  the  num- 
ber of  basins  scooped  as  it  were  out 
of  both  sides  of  thi>  gulph;   while 
the  abundance  of  that  material  for 
war,   in  the  peninsula,  will,   in  all 
probability,  be  sufficient  to  keep  for 
ever  at  a  distance  its  lite  barbarous 
masters,  the  ignorant  Turks,  si 
whilst  they    spurn  all  modem  im- 
provements in  the  military  art. 

I  shall  here  conclude  my   letter 
from  the  Crimea,  intending  to  cm- 
bark  in  a  few  ,!  '.Vn  '  "  I 
nople.      It  is  my   intention  i  i 
you  a  short  account  o(  that  city, 
and  its  principal  features  ; 

and  if  possible  to  obtain,  bj 
medical  character,  a  peep  into  the 
interior  of  the  Seraglio,  that  sanc- 
tum sanctorum  ot  Ottoman  vo- 
luptuousness, of  which  I  shall  try 
to  transmit  you  such  information  a. 
I  may  have  aa  oppottunitj  of  ob- 
taining. 

J.  If.  R. 

3M 


4i§ 


LETTERS  FROM  ITALY. 

(Continuation  of  Letter  IV.  from  page  364. ) 


After  this  desultory  notice 
of  the  Misenian  promontory,  I  re- 
sume the  thread  of  my  narrative. 
It  was  not  so  much  the  actual  waste 
of  our  strength,  as  the  prospect  of 
the  long  journey  back  to  Pozzuoli, 
and  our  presumptive  inability  to  ac- 
complish so  arduous  an  undertaking 
in  the  heat  of  the  day,  that  had 
damped  Don  Michele's  spirits  as 
well  as  my  own.  But  here  the 
good  generalship,  or  rather  the  pro- 
vident good  nature,  of  our  worthy 
host,  at  once  extricated  us  from 
every  difficulty.      Like  the  knight 


romance, 
through 


in   the 

dering 

gloomy    forests, 

shore,    where   he 


who,    after  wan- 
wild   deserts   and 
reaches    the  sea- 
espies   a  gilded 


bark  provided  by  the  spell  of  a 
friendly  fairy  to  waft  him  to  some 
blessed  abode ;  so  we  found,  on  our 
arrival  at  the  beach,  a  commodious 
boat  ordered  hither  by  the  kind 
Don  Giacomo.  At  this  welcome 
sight  the  countenance  of  our  friend 
Michele  underwent  an  instanta- 
neous change  from  mesto  to  allegro 
vivace.  "  Bisogna  dir"  he  ex- 
claimed with  complacency,  "  che 
il  nostro  onoratissimo  amico  Don 
Giacomo  sa  ordinare  le  cose  a  ma- 
raviglia*."  Dapple  was  rode  home 
by  the  cicerone,  and  in  less  than 
half  an  hour  we  cut  the  chord  of 
the  bay,  and  arrived  at  the  house 
of  our  host  in  Pozzuoli,  where  an 
ecclesiastic,   invited  to  partake  of 

*  It  must  be  confessed  our  worthy 
friend  B.  Giacomo  knows  how  to  do 
things  in  style. 


Don  Giacomo's  hospitality,  had 
been  waiting  for  us  some  time.  I 
was  now  introduced  to  the  sister  of 
the  latter,  a  maiden  brunette  of 
about  twenty-two.  I  had  hitherto 
laid  it  down  for  certain,  that  the 
straight  forehead  and  nose,  and 
particularly  the  broad  surface  be- 
tween the  eyes  on  the  Grecian  busts 
of  women,  were  ideal  beauties,  in- 
vented by  the  refined  taste  of  the 
artists  of  antiquity.  The  features 
of  Donna  Giuliana  taught  me  not 
to  make  hypotheses  too  rashly.  The 
character  of  her  lineaments  ap- 
proached nearest  to  a  Minerva,  only 
the  chin  would  have  required  an 
imperceptible  addition  in  point  of 
rotundity  and  length.  Her  feet,  to 
pass  from  one  extreme  to  the  other, 
were  adorned  with  white  shoes,  sil- 
ver spangled,  and  white  silk  stock- 
ings. With  these  she  wore  a  black 
silk  g-own,  and  a  Venetian  necklace 


of  gold.   I  fancy  I  hear  Miss 

repeat  my  words  :  "  Black  gown, 
and  white  shoes  and  stockings  /" 
Aye,  neither  more  nor  less ;  and 
you  may  tell  her,  that  it  looks  in- 
finitely better  than  black  stockings, 
which  ire  never  worn  here  by  the 
fair  sex.  Unable  to  resist  the  temp- 
tation once  in  a  way  to  be  bold,  I 
approached  to  salute  the  classic 
model;  but  should  have  met  with 
little  success,  had  not  the  sapient 
Don  Michele  called  out,  good  hu- 
mouredly,  "  Fate  pure ^DonnaGiu- 
liana,  e  costume  Jnglese*."    Now, 

*  Never  mind,  Donna  G.,  it   is  the 
English  fashion. 


ri:im   i  hou    1 1  \  i.r. 


411 


if  the  Poziuoliani  aw  at  all  Initiated 
in  the  logic  of  travelled,  they  vrill 
sei  it  down  as  the  custom  in  England, 
to  kiss  a  lady  when  jrou  fii  it  iee  her. 

Y<>||      in. IV     coiiirivc     HIV     dls.ip- 

pointmenl  at  missing  this  ladj 
when  we  proceeded  to  dinner  ;  in- 
deed, 1 1 1 1 1 1  n  \  ;is  |  w  ng,  I  peremp- 
torily refused  to  sii  down  unless  she 

joined  us  ;  and  would  l:.i\  e  |>  i  I 

in  my  determination,  had  I  not 
been  assured,  that   Bhe  had  dined 

before  us.      In  the  middling  classes 

of  Neapolitan    society,    you    must 

know,  the  ladies  hold  l>u(  an  hum- 
ble slalioti:  so  niueli  so,  (hat  when 
I  informed  our  friends  dial  in  Eng- 
land the  lady   of  the  house    always 

Bat  a<  the  head  of  the  table,  he  con- 
ceived I  was  joking  ;  and  Don 
Michele  very  drily  asked,  whether 
they  had  not  a  seal  in  parliament 

also?  This  humiliation  of  the  fair 
sex  is,  however,  perfectly  classic. 
The  ancients,  and  especially  the 
Greeks,  whose  manners  and  cus- 
toms were,  in  many  respects,  de- 
rived from  the  Orientals,  kept  them- 
selves equally  aloof  from  the  female 
parts  of  their  family. 

Our  dinner  was  excellent  ;  and 
since,  to  my  recollection,  I  have 
not  yet  treated  you  with  an  Italian 
bill  of  fare,  it  may,  perhaps,  lie 
entertaining  to  you,  to  know  some 
of  the  national  dishes  which  made 
their  appearance  at  Don  Giacomo's 
hospitable  hoard.  The  soup  anil 
bouilli  were  much  the  same  as  usual 
on  the  Continent,  except  that  the 
former  contained  small  pieces  of 
ham,  and,  among  other  herbs, 
much  asparagus  and  purslain.  \i 
the  four  corners  of  the  table  were 
placed  as  many  piatti  di 
(restorative  dishes),  consisting 
small  pieces  of sausage .  ham. olives, 


<  apti  dl  ofwhich  iwara 

m  a  v,.  ll-p.  pp.  red 

v  in"  'n.     Of  thi  poonful  is 

taken  from  time  to  time  to  w  her  the 

appetite.      Another  dish   •  I 

dI  baked  loi  e«s  ppl<   .  the  in  tide  of 

whii  h  was    filled    with 

soiled  meal   stuffing.       W  C  bad 

i   ii\  of  certain  parts 

ram,   which    are  put    f<>    no    DSC    in 

England,  and  n  hich  1  i  >i  r>  ar  men- 
tioning al  present.  Tin's  is  consi- 
dered  a    great  delic  icj   here, 

by  the  ladies.     Maccaroui,  as  being 

I  1 1  common,  were  nut  served  up, 
luii  rctceoli  in  their  itead.  This 
consists  of  two  small  pieces  of  flat 
paste,  put  together  like  tin-  two 
shells  of  an  oyster,  ami  containing 
a  ii'  h  stuffing  of  sweet  herbs,  gar- 
lic, and  forced  meat  ;  the  whole 
boiled  in  water.     You,  thai  h.i\ 

aversion   to  irar!!'-,   will  probably 
not  envy  this  sumptuous  fare  :   but 
this  bulb,  so  much  decried  in  I       - 
land,  may  he  said  to  be  a  i 
of  life  in  these  latitudes;   even  the 
sailors  are  constantly  eating  it  raw, 
as   ours  would  chew  their    pi< 
tobacco.     The   dish  which  pi--     | 
me  most,   as  it  was  new  to 
Tunny,  cut  in  slices  and  broiled  like 
a  Bteak  ;  eaten  with  leu  •.  it 

tasted   much  like  a  veal   cutlet 
much    so,   that   without    b 
to     the    Contrary,     I    should    hive 

thought  it  butchers'  meat,  <>t 

thinsr  else  than  fish.     The  principal 

vegetables  were  asparagus  and  . 

i      33    the   1  itter  of  which,    I   am 

told,     are    in    season    all    the 

round  :   and  for  our  d<  - 

besides   strawberries,    and    c  h 

COOled  w  Ith  ice,  a  van 

meats  and  confectionary,   pr. -pared 

by  the  nuns  of  a  convent  i 

the  exquisite  taste  of  'aid, 


442 


LETTERS    FROM    ITAM'. 


I  apprehend,  render  even  you,  my 
dear  T.   a  defender  of  these  mo- 
nastic   congregations.      The  wine 
was  of  the  growth  of  the  place,  but 
old  and  generous.      Its  goodness  is 
such,    that   I  am  confident,  if  the 
red  wine  of  Pozzuoli  Mere  prepared 
ibr  our  London  markets,  that  is  to 
say,  drammed  up  with  brandy  or 
alcohol,  it  would  equal,  if  not  excel, 
what  is  called  port  wine  in  England. 
Over  such   a  good  dinner,  you 
may  well  suppose,    many   a  good 
thing  was  said  on  one  side  or  an- 
other.    Don  Michele,  in  particular, 
was  in  full  glee,  and  less  sarcastic 
than  ever  I  knew  him  ;    and  Donna 
Giuliana,   who,  at  my  earnest  re- 
quest, was  invited  to  pour  out  the 
coffee  at  least,  diffused  the  lovely 
emanations  of  her  beautiful  coun- 
tenance and  her  attic  urbanity  over 
all  the  guests.     Even  the  ecclesi- 
astic, who  had  hitherto  confined  his 
conversation  to   the   praise  of  the 
daintieswhich  he  submitted  seriatim 
to  the  review  of  his  experienced  pa- 
late, began  to  attempt  other  topics, 
and  said  as  follows,  addressing  him- 
self to  your  humble  servant:  "No 
doubt,  Signor  D.  Luigi,  the  temples, 
trnths,   sepulchres,  and  other  anti- 
quities,   which  you  have   been  at 
such  pains  to  explore  this  morning, 
are  well  worth  the  attention  of  a 
gentleman  of  your  taste  and  erudi- 
tion ;     yet  there    is   one    curiosity 
which  you  have  not  seen,  although 
it  surpasses  all  the  rest  as  much  as 
the  English  nation  exceeds  us  poor 
Neapolitans  in  industry,  learning, 
and  bravery,  and  which  I  shall  be 
proud  ofshewingtoyou  before  you 
leave    Pozzuoli."      After    such    a 
captalio  bencvolentice,  I  could  not 
refuse    complying    with  the   good 
father's    invitation,   assuring   him, 


that    ever    since    the    presence    of 
Donna  Ginliana,  I  had  been  con- 
vinced that  the  antiquities  on  the 
other  side  of  the  bay,    were  by  no 
means  the  most  interesting  objects 
for  a   traveller  who  made  any  pre- 
tensions to  taste.     "  I  am   doubly 
beholden  to   Signor  Don    Luigi," 
replied  the  charming  Juliana,  "  for 
assigning  to  me  the  first  rank  among 
the    antiquities    of   Pozzuoli."      I 
declaimed  most  strenuously  against 
such  an  unwarrantable  interpreta- 
tion of  my  words,  adding,  that  if 
even  an  unlucky  turn  of  expression, 
in  a  language  so  new  to  me,  were 
subject  to  that  inference,   I  could 
only  say,   that  such  was  my  vene- 
ration of  the  beauties  of  the  antique, 
that  a  comparison  with   its  excel- 
lence was  the  highest  degree  of  praise 
in  my  power  to  bestow.     The  pious 
father's  impatience   did  not   suffer 
this  polite  controversy  to  branch  out 
into  any  further  repartee,  but  in- 
terrupted us  by  declaring,   that  as 
soon  as  he  had  enjoyed  his  after- 
noon's repose,  he  would  make  good 
his  promise,  and  shew  us  the  self- 
same   stone  on    which  their   holy 
protector,  St.  Januarius,  had   been 
beheaded    for    professing    Christi- 
anity;  nay,  even  the  drops  of  his 
precious  blood,   which,  by  an  un- 
paralleled miracle,   have  indelibly 
adhered  to  it  to  this  day  ;   and  al- 
though of  a  pale  brown  colour,  turn 
into  a   fresh  red  on   every  anniver- 
sary of  his  martyrdom.     "  It  will 
be  labour  in   vain,"  observed  the 
arch  Don  Michele  :  "  these  English 
gentlemen   are  philosophers ;  they 
believe  nothing  but  what  they  see, 
and  even  scarcely  that;    so  we  had 
better  save  ourselves  the  trouble  of 
the  pilgrimage."  "  But  thishe  shall 
see,  and  therefore  will  believe  it." 


i    i  : 


44* 


With  lliis  CUriou 

nd  fathei  row  fa  d  table,  pro- 
mising dial  hewould  curtail  lii 
in  order  to  retain  in  time  lor  (he  ex- 
hibition. 

Our  wortbj  host  no*  opened  a 
door,  and  pointed   to  tin-  I 

which  was  to  sta : 

but  I  informed  him  that  I  was  un- 
accustomed to  that  Kind  of  rep 
and  therefore  would,  i  <•  me 

pen  and  ink,  employ  the  time  of  his 
and  my  friends'  a 

a  few  memorandami  of  the  things 
we  had  been  to  see. 

rl  'bis  request  being  forthwith  grant- 
ed, we  separated.     In  the  evening 
J  was  awoke  from  my  chair  by  the 
laughter  of  friend  Michele,  who. with 
Don  Criacomo,  entered  my   i 
On  seeing   the  blank  papi  r  before 
mo,  the  former  observed, 
kind  of  memorandums  might,    in 
my  opinion,  jnst  as  well  have 
naade  in  a  o  isnfortable  bed,  as  on  a 
hard  chair,      lint  be  that  as  it 

we  nave  not  i  it  to  lose;  the 

evening  is  far  advanced,  and  much 
to  lw  seen  in  the  Little  daylight 
us/'     Expecting,  with   perhaps  a 
heavier  heart  than  the  holy  martyr 
himself,  to  be  led  to  the  place  of  his 
execution,  I  enquired  if  Father  An- 
selm,  our  spiritual  cicerone,  hail  ar- 
rived.    ;*  No,"  repliedmy  friend; 
■•  we  mean   if  possible  to  give  him 
the  slip;  which  I  am  sure  you  will 
a  \i  object   to,   as  it  will 
tedious  long  journey .  So  the  so 
we  depart   the  better."      Obeying 
instantly  this  welcome  call,  I  a.  . 
panied  Dans  Giacomo  and  Miehele 
through  the  town  to  the  tens]  I 
Serapis. 

This  w  is  one  of  the  most  inte- 
resting 2nd  picturesque  ruins  I  had 
jet  seen  ;    and  the  removal  of  (lie 


ground,   b  oi 

enable  i  ra  a  t..l<  i  il 

r'-rt  idea  of  tl  \>\  in  ofthe  build 

Tlw  portico  "I  ti.'-  • 

are 
the 

round  which,    rnv 

ments  <>r  cells  ."• 

1    \     in  some  of  oar  l 

a  ten  "-v,  in   front   <it  I 

cells,  surrounded  s  pond  oi 

d,   in    the   middle    ol 
s    a    round    insular   i 
which    tin  |  My 

ron 
rings    arc    listened  to    the    floor,  to 
ich    it  may  be   supposed   the    |    - 
i  d  animals  \<ere a:  {)\  the 

,  ;f,   little  remains  besides 

the  portii  o  :  and  of  the  latter,  one 
pillar   is   thrown  down,    and   some 
piisitr  fragments  of  capitals,  and 
pieces  of  entablature,  lie  scattered 
on  the  ground.     It   • 
|  the  depth  with  which  the  ornaments 
!  of  ancient  architecture  aie  chisel] 
out,  that  them  t he  pre-emi- 

nence over  our  modern  works  of  a 
milar  nature.     The  dei  p  hollows 
produce  a  mn<ri(  nd 

shade  not  often  to  be  net  v\ith  in 
the  superficial  excavations  ofthe  la- 
pidaries ofthe  present  day.  which, 
at  the  propi  r  d  stance,  to 

the  rye.  The  ancient  artistsstudi      , 
I  above  all,  effect  ;   they  even  would, 
in    some  i-  commit  a  deli- 

berate error  in  design,  it  such  error 
nducive  to  the  impression  or 
;  ct  intended.     The  temple  ot  I  - 
r  a  length  ot  time  been 
buried  under-ground,  and  even  un- 
>r  water;    the  uj>;  ol>ably 

ing    to    eaithquakcs.    the    latter 
iently  lo  the  encroachments   of 
o  sea,  which  is  now  about,  fi 


Hi 


LETTERS    FROM    ITALY. 


or  fifty  j-arcls  distant.   Hence  an  ex- 
traordinary natural  curiosity,  which 
will  appear  to  you  incredible.    Not 
only  the  fragments  of  marble  on  the 
ground,  but  even  the  erect  pillars, 
arc,    up  to  a  great  height,  perfo- 
rated with  innumerable  little  holes, 
about  half  an   inch    in    diameter, 
worked  with  such  precision,  as  if 
done  by  the  chisel.    On  a  more  nar- 
row inspection,  the  wonderful  cause 
of  this  phenomenon   is  apparent  : 
many  of  these  circular  passages  pe- 
netrate deep   into  the  body  of  the 
stone,  and  contain  a  shell  belonging 
to  the  species  called  daclylus  (fin- 
ger-muscle, from  its  shape.)     This 
little  shellfish  must,  during  a  for- 
mer inundation  of  the  sea,  have  gra- 
dually  worked   its    way    into   the 
stone,  and,  outgrowing  in  bulk  the 
capacity  of  the  road  it  had  formed, 
been  left  in  the  cavities  where  it  is 
now  discovered.    However  loth  you 
may  be  to  credit  this,  I  can  assure 
you,  dear  T.  of  the  fact,    and  its 
explanation  seems  to  me  perfectly 
natural. 

As  we  were  leaving  this  place,  we 
perceived  Father  Anselmo  making 
up  to  us  with  hast\-  steps.  Before 
he  had  recovered  his  breath,  he 
would  insist  on  taking  us  to  the  cha- 
pel ;  and  it  was  with  no  uncommon 
exertion  of  argument,  and  only  af- 
ter a  solemn  promise,  that  I  would 
on  an  early  day  return  purposely  to 
Pozzuoli,  to  visit  the  decapitation 
stone  of  St.  Januarius,  that  I  escaped 
for  the  present  the  tedious  pilgri- 
mage. 

In  his  company,  therefore,  we 
walked  to  what  is  called  the  bridge 
of  Caligula.  It  consists  of  about 
a  dozen  massy  piers,  stretching  at 
regular  distances,  and  in  rather  a 
curved    direction,    from    Pozzuoli 


into  the  sea  towards  Baja?.     Some 
of  the  piers  still  support  the  frag- 
ments of  brick  arches  ;  others  have 
been  deprived  of  them  by  the  rava- 
ges of  time.    Caligula,  the  imperial 
madman,  certainly  erected  abridge 
from  Pozzuoli  toBajse,  to  confound, 
or  rather  to  corroborate,   the  pre- 
diction of  Thrasyllus,   the  mathe- 
matician, who  declared  to  old  Ti- 
berius, that  Caligula  would  no  more 
be  his  successor  in  the  Roman  em- 
pire, than  he  would  travel  on  horse- 
back from  Pozzuoli  to  Baja1,  by  sea. 
This  was  quite  enough  for  an  idiot 
who  possessed  power  and  folly  suffi-. 
cient  to  put  such  a  scheme  in  exe- 
cution.     His    triumphal    pageant 
across  this  new  communication  is  in 
every  body's  recollection.   One  day, 
this  amiable  descendant  of  the  Fa- 
bii,  the  Scipios,   the  Melelli,  and 
Julius  Caesar,  paraded  backwards 
and  forwards  on  horseback  ;    and 
the  next,  he  chose  to  perform  the 
same  precious  journey  in  a  splendid 
car  :   but  then,  unfortunately,  this 
Caligulean  bridge  happened  to  be 
a  bridge   of  boats  anchored  along- 
side   each    other,    and    sustaining 
planks,    on  which  a  fac-simile  of 
the   Appian   way    was  pourtrayed 
with  earth  and  stucco.    These  piers, 
therefore,    must  have   been   some- 
thing else  ;    and  what  else,  but  a 
mole  for  the  port  of  Pozzuoli,  which 
was  one  of  the  greatest  commercial 
harbours  on  the  peninsula,  and  is 
often,  by  the  ancient  writers,  de- 
signated by  the  name  of  emporium. 
The  open  space  between  the  piers 
docs  not  stand  in  the  way  of  this  hy- 
pothesis :  the  waves,  in  a  situation  so 
sheltered  already  by  nature,  would 
be  sufficiently  broken  by  the  piers, 
to  absorb  the  violence  of  the  water 
which  entered  through  the  arGhcs ; 


LETTER1    PIIOW    ITALY. 


smil,  on  the  othei  band)  the  opening! 
served  to  <  MTj  off,  by  the  reflux, 
Che  sand  and  othei  matter,  which 
otherwiie  might  have  i  boaked  up 
the*  port.  A  mole  of  inch  <>i i 
construction  wai  pei  fi  ctly  well  i  al 
culated  for  the  placid  ieai  in  the 
hay  ofBajse,  hot  would  be  of  little 
us i  dii  the  dangerous  coasts  of  Nor- 
folk or  Cornwall. 

The  sun  Icl'i  us  while  Btandingon 
one  of  (he  piers  •  and  although  liis 
departure  put  a  premature  end  i<> 
the  day's  prospectus,  jet  bissetting 
was  so  beautiful,  so  sublime;  the  rosy 
tints  east  over  every  object  of  this 
delightful  bay  were  so  rich,  so  glow 


i  know  ii 
excellent  and  refresh  in 

\\  e  aon  prep  in 
lure.     To  I  at  1  wa*  ii ii- 

derthi 

in':  the  promt  •  I  n 

soon,  in  ordei  to  yi  it  th>-  tomb  of 
8t.  Januarius ;  after  which,  I  had 
to  undergo  the  operation  ol 
not  quite,  however,  so  relm  tantly 
i  -  on  my  arrival.  Six  of  these  sa- 
lutations were  unfortunately  ufthe 
masculine  gender  :  yet,  after  all, 
they  were  a  cheap  consideration  tor 
the  three  I  gave  to  (and,  1  believe, 
received  from)  the  beautiful  lips  of 


ing,  that  1  did  not  for  a  moment    Juliet.  To  the  worthy  Don Giacorao 

repine  at  being,  by  such  a  sight,  j  1  said  every  thing  which  gratitude 
prevented  from  completing  our  day's  !l  tor  his   kind   reception  could 
work.    Twilight  in  these  latitudes    geat ;  and,  when  starting)  the  lovely 
is  so  short,  that  we  were  already  I  Giuliana  threw  an  a  rhederlai 
sure  of  arriving  by  night  at  Naples;     nie,    which  sounded   more   harmo- 
wc  therefore  returned  in  excellent  I  nious  to  my   eai>  than  any  tiling  I 
spirits   to  the  house  of  our  friend,  I'  have    yet    heard    in    this    nit; 
Don  Giacomo,  where  a  cold  colla-    country.    Fear  not,  good  Anselnso  1 
tion  was  wailing  for  us.     Of  this    the  stone  of  the  saint  shall  not  long 
the  reverend  Father  Anselm  not  only     remain  unseen  ! 
partook  as  freely  as  he  had  done  at         It  was  almost  dark  ;  but  Don  Mi- 
dinner,  but  recollecting  (he  bodied     ciiele,  to  beguile  the  way,   and  ren- 
portcr  with  which  I  had  presented     der  the  journey   entertaining)    re- 
our  host,  he  suggested  the  propri-    lated  several  stories  of  robberies  and 
<fv  of  tasting  a  liquor  hitherto  un-     murders    committed    on   our    i 
known  to  his  well-informed  palate  :     which  he  illustrated  by  pointing  out 
but  no  sooner  had  the  poor  divine     the  particular   sp  ,•>  at  wfa     i  I 
sipped  the  fnri  draught,    than  he    misdeeds  were  perpetrated. 
ejected  it  on  the  floor,  exclaiming,     met  was.  his  fears  had  Lr-»t  the  bct- 
with  a  woeful  countenance)  "Qnesto    terofhis  courage  i  for  when  we  ar- 
c  una  medicina*  .'"    Don  Giacomo    rived  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Pbsilipo, 
relished    it  as  little:   but  Don    Hi-     he  resolutely  declared  that  he  would 
chele,  who,  in  order  to  adapt  Ids    on  no  account  go  the  solitary  cross- 
spirit  of  contradiction  to  the  occa-     road  over  the  mountaia>     Noth 
sion,  had  waited  their  opinion,  He-     therefore,    remain*  d    but    to 


clared    he    had    never  drunk    any     through  Li  Grottn. 
thing  more  to  his  taste,  and  that  the 


1  observed,  in 


*  This  is  pure  physic, 

Sup.   Vol.  I. 


ol.) 

I  see  you    i   . 

a   v 
9    N 


445 


LETTERS    FROM    ITALY. 


vain,  that  it  was  not  improbable 
Ave  might  break  our  necks  in  that 
dak  and  dreary  subterraneous  cx- 
cavation.  "He  would  rather  break 

his  neck  than  be  murdered."  Know- 
in  xr  his  obstinacy  from  experience, 
I  drove  in,  We  had  not  penetrated 
one-third  of  this  internal  cavern, 
when  the  rattling  of  a  cart,  and  a 
fellow's  bawling  out,  Alia  marina*, 
frightened  the  horse  to  such  a  de- 
gn  e,  that  no  whipping  could  make 
him  stir  an  inch.  I  called  to  the 
cart  to  stop  ;  and  conceiving  that, 
with  a  rider  on  him,  the  animal 
might  be  brought  to  move,  I  begged 
Don  Michele  to  mount  him,  while  I 
held  the  reins.  "  Non  saggio  ca- 
talcare  r'o,  nggio  cavalcato  bast  an- 
za  sta  mattina  suf  asino\.  The 
execution  of  the  scheme  fell,  there- 
fore, to  my  share,  and,  fortunately, 
it  succeeded.  But  in  this  ludicrous 
manner  had  I  to  drive  through  part 
of  the  city,  till  we  got  somebody  to 
lake  my  place ;  for  the  obstinacy 
of  the  animal  was  as  great  as  that 
of  my  fellow-traveller,  he  was  de- 
termined not  to  go  on  any  other 
way.  However,  we  reached  home 
at  last,  as  tired  as  you,  my  dear  T. 
will  probably  be  of  this  preposte- 
rously long  letter,  or,  rather,  pam- 
phlet. I  have  no  excuse  for  my 
prolixity,  but  the  desire  I  felt  to 
impart  to  you  some  of  the  pleasure 
which  this  journey  has  afforded  me. 
The  hasty  description  of  it,  which 

*  To  the  sea-side.  To  aroid  running 
against  each  other  in  the  Grotto  di  Posi- 
lipo,  it  is  customary  to  call  out,  Alia  ma- 
rina (towards  the  sea)  ;  or,  Allu  ?no?t- 
tagna  (towards  the  mountain). 

f  I  can't  ride  on  horseback,  not  I :  I 
have  rode  enough  this  morning  on  the 
a?b. 


I  here  present  you  with,  will  not 
bear  a  comparison  with  the  finished 
and  elegant  letters  I  am  in  the  habit 
of  receiving  from  you.  Mine  are 
(he  uncouth  rhapsodies  of  an  inva- 
lid, who  is  desirous  not  to  leave  so 
interesting  and  beautiful  a  country, 
without  commemorating  for  his 
friend  as  much  of  it  as  his  fluctu- 
ating health  permits  him  to  see  and 
to  record  ;  and  even  in  this  endea- 
vour I  am  often  balked  by  the  dic- 
tatorial mandates  of  an  unrelenting 
physician.  I  am  completely  in  the 
situation  of  Tantalus. 

Owing  to  these  impediments,  I 
have  hitherto  been  obliged,  with 
the  exception  of  the  Bajan  trip,  to 
confine  my  researches  to  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  Naples.  Mount 
Vesuvius  is  absolutely  prohibited 
to  me ;  and  it  will  be  a  great  fa- 
vour of  Dr.  N.'s,  if  he  allows  me 
to  visit  Pompeji  next  week,  a  jour- 
ney which  1  have  most  anxiously 
longed  for  ever  since  my  arrival, 
and  for  which  I  have  made  every 
preparation  in  my  power,  with  re- 
gard to  such  information  as  may 
enable  me  to  see,  with  the  greatest 
possible  advantage,  a  place  which 
surpasses,  in  my  opinion,  every 
thing  left  us  by  the  ancients.  If  I 
go,  you  may  expect  to  receive  some 
epistles  full  as  tedious  as  the  pre- 
sent :  those,  however,  I  shall  send, 
if  possible,  by  private  opportuni- 
ties, to  save  you  the  postage,  which 
they  care  not  worth.  Capt.  C.  who 
goes  home  by  the  way  of  France, 
will  deliver  this  into  your  hands  : 
he  will  be  able  to  tell  you  what  sort 
of  a  life  I  lead  in  this  city,  and  sa- 
tisfy your  friendly  enquiries  after 
my  health,  better  perhaps  than  all 
that  can  be  said  on  this  subject  by. 
Your's,  &c. 


417 


THIRD  LETTER  FROM  NORTH  AMERICA. 


j-,, ,!.  |  ,  ton,  N   «  BrnnwrU  t, 

Dear  M. 

Biwoi  I  hid  tii'-  pleasure  <<> 

write  yOU  from  Malif.ix,  my  expect- 
ed removal  Iims  taken  place,  uid  I 
have  now,  > l:<  i  .1  «l'  lightful  90 
arrived  at  the  seat  of  government  in 
this  pnmnrr.  and  ;ii  (In-  head-quar- 
tenofthe  array.  'r<>  jive  von  ;i 
description  of<  \  cry  incident  would 
occupy  more  space  than  I  can  allow 
myself  in  a  Idler ;  I  shall  therefore 
briefly  describe  particulars  since  I 
last  addressed  you. 

1  must  own,  my  dear  friend,  that 
I  felt  an  unusual  degree  of  reluc- 
tance at  quitting  Halifax,  the  soci- 
ety and  friendships  1  hml  formed 
being  of  the  mod  pleasing  descrip- 
tion:  and  you  will  not  therefore 

WOndef  at  an  appearance  of  mclan- 
choly  natural  to  my  disposition,  hay- 
ing exhibited  itself,  when  parting 
from  those  I  shall  ne\  er  &  aSe  to  ad- 
mire and  esteem,  and  some  of  Whom, 
by  their  conduct  towards  me,  have 
rendered  iheniselvcs  objects  of  mv 
affection. 

The  first  evening  after  our  em- 
barkation we  got  round  to  (he  south- 
ward of  Cape  ChebuktO,  and  con- 
tinued our  course  alonir  the  shore  of 


dear  fi  iend,  i!>  it  I  <  nntrmpl  tted  the 

V.ll   II.'! 

chancci  of  life  to  which  h 

h 

sparkling  billow  -  w  liich  n 

slow    and    f|i:     I     ; 

the  ship  and  the  land,  i  with 

ilw   ilence  and  solitude  by  whii     l 
was  altogethei    lii round* .!,  bro 

l«»  my  mind  ll>  ;->n  : 

rot  -  ii.iui, 

Anil  In.' in-    in  .  i  u  <  Inlr, 

Ami  nun  i. 

Thai  inui,  tin  ipoi  t  of  liliu  and 

I  'fnl  »«-a, 

Ami  li:t \  »ii-_r  dwell  a  inoim  nt  thciT, 

'1  luis  in.  Itl  into  t  tt  rnit\  ! 

I  then  retired  to  my  hammock; 
and  the  m  at  morning,  on  enquiry, 
found  that  the  ship 

(ween    Sable    Island    and    ihc    land, 

Cape  Sable  bearing  insight.  The 
^following  day  we  made  (ape  Brc- 
ton,  and  passed  the  island  of  that 
name  in  our  cour.-e  up  the  b 
Fundy  J  the  current  of  winch,  at 
the  ebb  and  flow  of  the  tides,  runs 
w  Ufa  a  rapidity  scared  .pial- 

led  by  thai  of  the  straits  of  Hud 

Bay,  remarkable  for  the  Teloci 
its  pt  (  iraml  M  inaan  I-        1 

next  attracted  notice  ;  and  in  a  verv 
few  clays  we  found 


IS'ova  Scotia  on  our  way  to  the  Bay  :  of  Mahogtmj 
o\'  Tundy.     The  weather  was  most  I  St  John  bearing  in  sight.    In  i 
delightful,  and  being  favoured  with     hours  after  our  arrival,  we  lai 
a  leading  breese,  we  enjoyed  all  the    by  an  order  firom  the  i  hot 

pleasure  which  the  expectations  of    at   Fort-HoOSC,    and  marched 
a  speedy  voyage  could  afford.     At     the  city,  where  we   were   rec 


night  the  moon  shone  with  resplen- 
dent beauty,  and  1  was  invited  on 
the  ship's  deck  to  behold  a  small 
portion  of  the  works  of  a  divine  Pro- 
vidence.    It  was  at  this  period,  ray 


with  marks  (J;  respect  and  attention 
by  the  may  >r  and  municipality, 
who  prepared  t  :m>vt  lusapteosn 

tertaimnent,  to  which  they  OH 
the  officers  of  my  dcL.tchmcnt. 


448 


THIRD  LETTER  PROM  NORTH  AMERICA. 


The  city  is  situated  on  a  penin- 
sula, and  'formerly  bore  the  name 
of  Parr-Town,  given  to  it  by  Go- 
vernor Parr,  when  in  office  as  go- 
vernor of  New  Brunswick,  and  re- 
sident there.  The  seat  of  govern- 
ment, and  the  troops,  have,  how- 
ever, been  since  removed  to  Fre- 
dericton,  when  Parr-Town  changed 
its  name  for  the  city  of  St.  John. 
It  is  the  chief  city  in  the  province 
of  New  Brunswick,  and  is  remarka- 
ble for  nothing  but  the  filthy  state 
of  the  houses,  and  the  emulation  of 
the  inhabitants  to  be  considered  by 
strangers  as  superior  to  each  other. 
Fort-House  is  occupied  by  a  small 
detachment  of  soldiers  and  artillery, 
and  commands  the  entrance  to  the 
harbour  in  all  points.  There  are  a 
few  ships  which  trade  to  this  port 
from  Scotland,  with  British  goods, 
in  return  for  which  they  take  coun- 
try produce  in  firs  and  large  timber, 
with  some  shingles.  It  has  a  more 
considerable  trade  with  the  United 
States,  whence  temporary  supplies 
can  at  all  times  be  procured.  The 
climate  of  this  place  is  distinguished 
for  being  foggy  and  unhealthy,  and 
the  inhabitants  for  their  assumed 
pride  :  I  was,  therefore,  happy  when 
the  government  sloops  arrived  from 
Fredericton  to  convey  the  detach- 
ment to  the  head-q-uarters  of  the 
regiment,  which  happened  a  few 
days  after  our  arrival  at  St.  John, 
and  of  course  relieved  me  from  fur- 
ther annoyance  in  quarters  I  was 
very  willing  to  leave,  and  a  society 
I  felt  a  pleasure  in  getting  rid  of. 

Onr  arrival  at  Fredericton  took 
place  a  few  days  after,  and  the 
passage  up  the  beautiful  river  of 
St.  John  was  one  of  tjie  most  de- 
lightful I  ever  experienced  for  the 
distance,  being  about  ninety  jjiiles. 


On  my  landing  at  the  battery  oppo- 
site to  the  barracks  at  Fredericton, 
I  was  most  kindly  received  by  the 
general  commanding,  and  passed 
the  remainder  of  that  day  in  his 
society,  and  that  of  some  of  ray 
brother  officers,  whom  he  invited 
from  the  regimental  mess  to  meet 
me.  The  town  of  Fredericton  stands 
on  an  isthmus,  which  stretches,  in 
a  serpentine  direction,  towards  the 
Nash  walk  river,  and  is  altogether 
delightfully  situated.  It  is  the  head- 
quarters of  the  New  Brunswick  re- 
giment ;  contains  excellent  bar- 
racks, capable  of  lodging  2,000 
soldiers  ;  a  Protestant  church,  a 
Dissenting  meeting-house,  an  ele- 
gant hall  for  the  legislative  assem- 
bly of  the  province  (who  meet  in  it 
every  third  year),  which  contains 
also  the  four  courts  of  justice,  with 
some  other  buildings  of  less  conse- 
quence.. 

The  governor  (General  Carleton) 
has  a  mansion  and  demesne  about 
half  a  mile  distant  from  the  town, 
where  he  resides  when  at  the  seat  of 
government.  The  judges  and  other 
officers  of  the  crown  have  also  ex- 
cellent mansions,  situate  in  different 
directions  from  the  city  of  St.  John, 
along  the  river  to  the  suburbs  of 
Fredericton.  It  was  in  viewing 
one  of  these  mansions  from  a  canoe 
in  the  river,  that  I  was  gratified  by 
the  sight  of  a  tribe  of  Indians,  who 
arrived  from  Canada,  with  their 
chief,  to  spend  the  summer.  The 
sound  of  their  music,  issuing  from 
conch-shells,  cut  and  pierced  in  va- 
rious ways,  amused  me  beyond  mea- 
sure ;  nor  was  I  less  pleased  with 
their  ludicrous  gestures,  and  the  at- 
tentions they  seemed  to  pay  to  their 
chief,  a  huge  copper-coloured  fel- 
low, dressed  in  an  old  scarlet  wrap. 


MPTIOW    OF    tut     im 


410 


per  and  a  cocked  hat  trimmed  with 
gold  la<  •'.  On  their  landing  at  the 
town,  they  proceeded  to  pitch  their 
tents  or  wigwams,  and  to  form  (heir 
mm  ampment,  without  the  lea  | 
remonj .  They  had  \  ai  I  quantities 
of  provisions  of  various  kinds  with 
them,  and  run  in  abundance,  which 
lerved  to  covei  them  at  night. — 
'The  women,  n horn  they  call  their 
roarovt,  were  occupied  in  making 
baskets  ;  and  the  children,  <»r  pa- 
poose*, were  busy  in  selling  or  ex- 
changing them  with  tin-  Boldiers 
for  money  or  provisions.  The  town 
now  seemed  as  if  a  fair  had  been 
opened,  and  the  amusements  be- 


tween  ihis  bl  ick  tribe  and  the  inha- 
bitants be<  one  general 
ifivin  ni  i.i  the 

Indians,  and  \>  ij  ing  th<  m  i 
tention,  to  be  enabled  to  pur*  i 
or  rather  t ri<  k   them  oul  o( 

rid  kins,  which  are  extremely 
ralu  ible.    M  \  time  j  ou  m 

sill))" -  e   i      but    !  '  I   in  llns 

new  scene,  of  n hi<  h  I  mean  to 
yon  farther  particulars  on  some  fn- 
(nr.-  occasion.     I  shall  com  lud 
n  mi  iii\  e  for  the 
\  on  how  \  'i  \   1 1  nlv 

I  I-  main  vmr  sincere  hVh  rtd, 

K. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ISLAND  OF  MARTINIQUE. 

(  if  IT  IT    A     MAP.  ) 

Martinique,  which  has   re-     places  excellent,  and  in  othei 
cently  been  added,  by  conquest,  to    bad,  that  theinbab 
the  British  possessions  in  the  \\  est     to  use  rain-water. 


This  island  -  ettled  till 

year  1 1)"."),  when  about  one  hun- 
dred French  colonists  from  St. 
Kitt't  ion  of  it.     I 

t    of 


Indies,  is  situated  between    1 1   24 

and  11    52'   N.  Iftt.  and  between  61 
8'  and  bl '  26'  W.  1<  n.  *.  being  about 
50  miles  in  length  and  135  in  circum- 
ference, exclusive  of  its  promonto- 
ries and  reefs  of  rocks,  some  of  which     the    .' 
extend  several  miles  into  the  sea.         Caribl  lands,    it    was   ai 

The  country  is  very  uneven,  and    the   best   admi 
is  intersected  by  numerous  ranges  of    ous  to  the  rev  .   had  attained 

lulls,  three  of  which  assume  the  ap-     a  hi.  than 


pearance  of  mountains ;   and  one  of 

the  most  elevated    exhibits  signs  of 

having,    at   some    former    period, 
been  a  volcano.      They  are  all   CO- 


any  of  the  French  colonies  in  the 

\\  est    Indies.       fn    1 77b,     tli 
pulation  of  Martini  jue 

.    Neckar,    at    1  1,619  w : 


vered  with  wood,  which  attracting  2,892   free   blacks  and  persons  ot 

the  clouds,  renders  the  climate  ra-  colour,  and  71, S  Mr. 

ther  humid,  and  contriba  e  Edwards,    in  his  the 

production  of   numerous  rivulets.  VVest   I; td      .        t  published  about 

These  waters  flow  in  gentle  streams,  ferenty  years  afterwai 

except   in  the  rainy  season,  when  be  has  reason  to  think  that  the  si 

they  swell  to  torrents,  and  partake  in  the   French  West  [ndia  Isl 

of  the  nature  of  the  sod  through  had  nearly  doubl 

Which   they   pass;    being    in    some  count  was  taken. 


450 


DESCRIPTION    OF    THE    ISLAND    OF    MARTINIQUE. 


The  principal  productions  of 
Martinique  are  coffee,  cotton,  su- 
gar, and  cassia,  besides  consider- 
able quantities  of  indigo,  chocolate, 
nnnatto,  ginger,  and  aloes.  Its  cof- 
fee in  particular  is  highly  i 
brated.  So  early  as  the  year  1736, 
the  island  contained  near  twelve 
millions  of  coffee-trees.  The  coffee- 
plant  continues  to  bear  fruit  about  a 
century.  When  it  is  young,  the 
berries  are  large  and  less  valuable  ; 
but  when  the  plants  become  old, 
their  fruit  is  smaller  and  much 
finer;  so  that  those  of  Martinique 
are  now  in  the  best  condition  for 
bearing. 

The  exports,  chiefly  consisting  of 
the  above-mentioned  articles, freight- 
ed, annually,  above  two  hundred 
French  ships,  exclusive  of  those 
of  other  nations  ;  and  their  cargoes 
were  valued  at  from  ^500,000  to 
^"700,000  sterling.  The  smuggling 
trade,  which  it  carried  on  with  the 
English  and  Spanish  settlements, 
Taised  its  annual  traffic,  in  time  of 
peace,  to  about  a  million  sterling. 
For  the  loss  of  this  commerce,  by 
war,  the  inhabitants  of  Martinique 
Lave,  however,  partly  indemnified 
themselves,  of  late  years,  by  the 
number  and  depredations  of  the 
privateers  which  they  have  fitted 
out,  and  which  must  have  con- 
vinced the  British  government  of 
the  importance  of  a  settlement  so 
admirably  qualified  for  a  naval 
depot. 

In  1794,  Martinique  was  taken 
by  an  English  force  under  the  com- 
mand of  Earl  St.  Vincent  and  the 
late  Earl  Grey.  The  landing  was 
effected  on  the  5th  of  February,  and 
the  governor  of  the  island,  General 
Rochambeau,  surrendered  on  the 
25th  of  March,  after  an  obstinate 


resistance.  To  the  gallantry  with 
which  he  defended  Fort  Bourbon, 
where  he  commanded  in  person, 
General  Grey  bore  an  honourable 
testimony  by  observing,  "  that  the 
British  troops,  on  entering  the  place, 
could  scarcely  find  an  inch  of 
ground  which  had  not  been  touched 
by  their  shot  or  shells." 

Martinique  enjoj-s  many  natural 
advantages,  and  one  in  particular, 
which  renders  it  of  particular  value 
to  its  possessors.  This  consists  m 
its  harbours,  which  are  numerous, 
safe,  and  commodious,  and  which 
afford  a  certain  shelter  from  hurri- 
canes. While  the  French  preserved 
any  degree  of  naval  equality,  this 
circumstance  furnished  them  with 
great  facilities  of  annoying  our 
West  Indian  settlements  ;  since  the 
British  fleet  w  as  always  obliged  to 
quit  these  seas  and  repair  to  the  ports 
of  North  America,  during  the 
stormy  season. 

The  principal  places  are  Fort 
Royal,  the  capital  of  the  island, 
Fort  St.  Pierre,  and  Fort  Trinite. 
The  former  is  defended  by  Fort 
Bourbon,  now  Fort  George,  si- 
tuated on  a  peninsula ;  and  its  har- 
bour is  commanded  by  a  strong  bat- 
tery on  the  Islet  aux  Ramiers,  or 
Pigeon  Island,  on  the  south  side  of 
the  bay  of  Fort  Royal,  and  about 
two  hundred  yards  from  the  shore. 
It  is  a  steep  and  barren  rock,  inac- 
cessible, except  in  one  place,  where 
the  ascent  is  by  a  ladder  fixed  against 
a  perpendicular  wall ;  and  the  sum- 
mit is  ninety  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea. 

For  the  particulars  of  the  recent 
conquest  of  this  island,  we  shall  re- 
fer the  reader  to  the  official  account 
inserted  in  a  subsequent  part  of  this 
supplement.     On  the  importance  of 


OH    TUK    oil  K.I.N    or     DRINKING    III. A! 


this  achieveim  at,  il  would  be  m- 
■erfluous  to  expatiate  i  l>ut  we  ihall 
briefly  observe,  thai  from  the  sus- 
pension of  all  nilcn  OUIM  With    \nn-- 

ricii,  as  well  ;is  the  mother  <  ountrj  . 
and  Hie  olose  blockade  in  which  if 
hai  been  kept,  lis  sinus  are  filled 
with  immense  quantitiei  of  colonial  , 
proline*',  ;uul  considerable  lumi  in 
■pecie  are  collected  there ;  so  that  it  I 
is  one  of  (In-  richest   prises  which 
,  rewarded  the 
gallantry  <>f  Unii-di  Boldiera.    Ji  i-> 
also  calculated  that  iti  comm 
besides  employ  ing  a  large-number  of  | 


ships,    will  not   ndd  \r  mil- 

lion,    .'  1 1 )  1 1 1  f  r  1 1 1  v  ,    lo    thfl  if.  (in; 

l)i itain.      I  rom  all  the  e  cin 
infidentlv  anti<  i| 
i Ii.it  Martinique  will  !»•  permanently 
united  lo  Lhe  llriiish  possessions  in 
the  West   Indies.     It  moat  be  ob* 
\  ions  likewise,  how  mu<  li  the  ia> 
babitants  them    !        rould      in  by 
itich  a  change,  a  lii(  li   would 
sine  protection  to  theii  c  immen  <•, 
a  market  for  their  prodoctioi    .       I 
supplies  of  all  tlio.se articles  which 
they  are  obliged   to   import   I 
r  countrii  >. 


ON  THK  ORId'IX  or  DRINKING  HEALTHS. 


to  riir. 
Si  k, 

TiioiGii  1  cannot  pretend  to 
a  .satisfactory  answer  to  1 1 
quiry  of  P.  L.  inserted  in  your  en- 
tertaining misci  Llany  tor  March, 
relative  t"  the  origin  of  dr.. 
health*)  yet  lam  induced  to  transmit 
to  you  the  follow  colais,  in 

the  hope  thai  thej  may  tend  to  throw 
some  light  ou  that  curious  sul 
and  instigate  same  person  more  com- 
petent than  myself  to  undertake  its 
thorough  discussion. 

That  the  custom  is  of  great  anti- 
quity cannot  be  doubted  ;  for  it 
was  particularly  observed  by  the 
ancient  Romans  at  their  festivals 
and  repasts,  as  well  as  by  various 
other  nations.  The  opinion  enter- 
tained by  some  that  the  Danes  first 
introduced  the  custom  of  pledging 
and  drinking  healths  into  Britain,  is 
totally  erroneous.  Its  origin  in  this 
country  must  be  sought  at  a  much 
more  remote  period.  Of  this  the 
story  of  Vbrtigern  and  Rowena, 
the  daughter  of  Hengist,  affords 
sufficient  demonstration. 

W  alter  Calenius.  who  supplied  | 


o/{. 

the  materials  f<>r  Geoffiry  of  ' 
mouth's   history,  relates,  that    oa 

Vortigern's     iirst     interview     with 
Rowena,  she  knelt  before  him,  and 
presenting  a   cup    of    wine, 
Ilia  ford  Kyi  I  htil — lit 

Is,  l<  Lord  King,  health  be  to  yo 
As  the  king  was  unacquainted 

Saxon   language,  be  enquired 
the  meaning  of  th< 

ingtcld  thattl  ilth, 

and  that  he  should  answer  them  by 
saying,   Urine  fir  il — he  did  so,  and 
commanded     her   to   drink  ;     then 
taking  the  cup,  he  kissed  thed  I 
and    pledged    her.       1 
adds,  that  from  that  time  to  his  own, 
the    custom   remained    in     iir: 
that  -whoever  drank  to  another  at  a 
feast,  said,  fJ'na  hcil ;  and  he  that 
received  the  cup,  answered,  Diir.c 

It  is  well  known  that  the  custom 
of  drinking  healths  and  pl^.liri: 
particularly  prevalent  in  the  north- 
ern division  of  Britain,  especially 
among  the  Highlandei   . 
aeial  beverage  is  either  ale  Of  l 
key.     Their   libations  oi 


452 


MISCELLANEOUS    FRAGMENTS    AND    ANECDOTES. 


very  copious ;  and  they  all  drink, 
in  succession,  out  of  a  large  wooden 
bowl,  though  the  company  is  some- 
times very  numerous.  During  the 
barbarous  ages,  it  was  highly  pru- 
dent for  friends  to  become  pledged 
for  the  safety  of  each  other  while 
drinking;  for  numberless  indivi- 
duals lost  their  lives,  while  the  bowl 
was  at  their  lips,  by  the  dirk  of  the 
assassin. 

Of  all  the  European  nations  the 
French  are,  perhaps,  least  addicted 
to  this  method  of  quaffing  their  po- 
tations. In  France  every  guest  has 
his  bottle  of  wine,  water-decanter, 
tumbler,  and  wine-glass  placed  be- 
fore him.  He  drinks  when  he 
pleases,  without  concerning  himself 
about  the  healths  of  persons  present 
or  absent ;  neither  arc  any  toasts 
proposed,  as  is  the  custom  in  this 
and  other  countries. 

Though  it  is  impossible  to  admit 
that  the  drinking  of  healths  in  Eng- 
land originated  with  the  Danes,  yet 
the  custom  had  prevailed  among  the 
latter  many  centuries  previous  to 
their  invasion  of  this  country.  The 
Danes  drink  methodically,  and  in  a 
manner  peculiar  to  themselves.  In 
order  to  illustrate  this  observation, 
I  shall  beg  leave  to  observe,  that 
I  have  in  my  possession  a  silver 
quart  tankard,  brought  from  Den- 
mark to  England  by  a  Norwegian 


gentleman;  it  is  of  high  antiquity 
and  curious  workmanship.  At  their 
festivals  or  entertainments,  it  is  a 
rule  that  each  person  is  to  drink 
neither  more  nor  less  than  a  sixth 
part  of  the  contents  of  such  a  tan- 
kard at  a  draught.  To  mark  this 
quantity,  it  is  provided  in  the  inside 
with  curious  projections  at  equal 
distances. 

A  singular  fact,  which,  though 
not  strictly  belonging  to  the  subject 
under  consideration,  is,  that  both 
in  Denmark  and  Norway,  it  is  very 
usual  for  gentlemen  who  are  rivals 
in  love,  to  decide  their  pretensions 
to  the  fair  object  of  their  passion  by 
a  drinking  contest.  He  who  suc- 
ceeds in  laying  his  antagonist  in  a 
senseless  state  under  the  table,  con- 
ceives himself  entitled  to  the  par- 
tiality of  the  lady:  and  it  not  un- 
frequently  happens,  that  this  con- 
vivial decision  prompts  the  fair  to 
give  her  hand  to  the  successful  de- 
bauchee. The  sex,  however,  is 
not  so  totally  lost  to  the  sense  of 
decorum,  but  what  many  females 
hold  these  brutal  practices  in  ab- 
horrence, and  consider  those  who 
are  guilty  of  them  as  wholly  un- 
worthy of  their  notice,  and  much 
less  of  their  affection. 
I  am  your's,  &c. 

F.  M.  K. 

Grosven ov- Place,  May  16,  I8O9. 


MISCELLANEOUS  FRAGxMENTS  AND  ANECDOTES. 


JAMES  MARTIN   CELS. 

During  the  reign  of  terror  in 
Fiance,  when  assassination  assumed 
the  name  of  justice,  the  celebrated 
botanist  l'Heritier,  having  been 
formerly  a  magistrate,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  academy,  and  being  re- 
puted rich,   found  himself  among 


the  number  of  the  proscribed.  His 
friends  knew  no  way  of  concealing 
him  but  by  placing  him  in  a  menial 
situation  in  the  garden  of  Marbceuf : 
this  could  not  be  done  without  the 
consent  of  its  superintendent,  Cels, 
who,  it  was  supposed,  being  a  man 
of  very  rigid  principles,  would  not 


MttCfeLlil  r  (»1   S     f  It  \<,  Ml   Ms     and     I 


permit  tbii  deception.     ( !els,  how- 
r,    on   iis   bain  <■  mentione  I   la 
him,  no!  mil  |  iced  the  propo- 

mI   uiili  (he 

insisted  on  taking  on  himself  the 
whole  i  isibility,  though  a(  Ihc 

imminent  ris*  of  Ins  own  head. — 
The  scheme  succeeded,  and  l''t<- 
riter  was  saved)  without  t  vis  being 
brought  into  anj  trouble. 

III    a    ba$SO*Ti  (i   ,  o    (»m    lliis   co- 
lumn ate  Men  tWO  liens    iii  Ul       P  i- 

nube,  which  sep  iratee  the  army  of 
the  Romans  from  thai  of  (he    I 
oomaiwi.     Alexander  (be 

;n!\  ised  the  credulous  Marcus  Au- 
relius  to  (brow  into  the  Danube  two 
living  lions,    telling  him  that,    in 
consequence  <>!  (bis  sacrifice,   (he 
gods  would  grant  him  the  v'u 
This  is  the  fact  represented  on  the 
column ;  and  from  this  sculpture, 
some  writer  of  no  ancient  dat 
norani  of  its  real  import,  baa  fi 
o  legend,  which  others  have  swal- 
lowed as  true,  and  repeated  after 
him.    Heidi*  us,  that  the  Romans, 
when  (hey  were  desirous  of  pene- 
trating  into  Germany,    train 
number  of  lions  to  cross  rivers  l»\ 
swimming,    and   of   these    formed 
their  advanced  guard. 


. 


UPTIONS, 

Professor  \l infer,  of  Copenha- 
gen, has  examined  the  inscriptions 
found  in  the  islands  of  Malta  and 
Goto,    and    published,   as    PJ 
Clan,   by  (he  primv  of  i'  orrehiuaxa, 
in   liis  Inscriptioncs   Si,  nice  .•   ami 
asserts    that     they    are    almost     ;,ll 
ptian  :   he  has  compared  them 
with  all  (he  ancient  inscriptions  ac- 
knowledged :  |       ptian,  ,.s  u*  11 
us  with  the  papyri  published  in  De- 
non's  Tour.tli  vpt,and  per- 
is  the  greatest   similarity  be- 
tween them. 
Sup.  Vol.  I. 


It  i 

founded  by  (h  | 

'he 
i'  .is  whII 
■  on  comi 

I  '"I     '       I  of  i  .-:  I,' 

of  hewn  stone  i  on  (!, 

th.-  \l 

ed,    i  ;i,  ,||,,,.: 

r"'"'  herCar- 

sufficicnt  , 

(U  :    but 

pleat 

from   Tunis,    and    tin-   walls   of  Ihc 

town   of   Baalbeff, 

structure,    form,    ami   diroem 

with  the  wall 
ruins   around   Tn,. 

ference  of  a   bun 

•  consist  likewiaeofhu| 
of  stone,  squared  by  (he  . 

art.     Mi.  Pauvel  i;i: 

the  ( 

of  (In-  Cyclopias  i 

that  no  remains  - 

(his  Kind  are  to  be  foun 

Oil  the-' 

endeavour  to 

into  .\si;l  . 

Mi-.  Louis  P<  tit-R  id  ',.   a 

of  ili.-  French    National  In 

chieiy  foun 

Bui 

viliaati 

re  anj  i  !Mj 

j  that  it   was  no-  indi  .  t0 

any  ollim  q 

1  anj    rat 

18  may  probably  ari.  Lba 

■  '  •    '  \v  • 

>IH  IU   T.  ■  DUBOIS. 

Among  the  net] 
!'  under  the  regency  ,  Tthe  Duke  of  Or- 
!  leans,  the  Cardinal  Duboij  wa>  not 
?  O 


454 


*f[SCELLANEOUS    FRAGMENTS    AND    ANECDOTES. 


oneof  the  least  conspicuous.  As  Dr. 
Arbmhuot  observed  in  his  epitaph  on 
Francis  Chartres,  that  God  had  be- 
Stowed  exorbitant  wealth  on  him, 
the  most  unworthy  of  all  mortals,  to 
shew  of  how  small  estimation  it  was 
in  his  sight;  so  a  French  writer 
remarks,  that  Fortune  appeared  to 
have  heaped  honours  on  Dubois 
purposely  to  inspire  worthy  men 
with  contempt  for  them,  as  it  was 
impossible  to  conceive  a  more  im- 
pudent villain  than  this  man,  who 
was  a  cardinal,  an  archbishop, 
prime  minister,  and  even  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Academy.  Abbe  de  Ten- 
tin  was  the  agent  employed  to  pro- 
cure him  a  cardinal's  hat,  and  this 
he  did  very  adroitly.  Previous  to 
the  last  illness  of  Clement  XI. 
Tencin  offered  Cardinal  Conti  the 
interest  of  France  in  the  conclave, 
if  he  would  give  him  an  engage- 
ment in  his  own  writing,  to  make 
Dubois  a  cardinal  immediately  on 
his  promotion  to  the  popedom. — 
Conti  was  so  imprudent  as  to  sign 
this  simoni  ical  engagement,  and  de- 
liver it  to  Tencin.  Clement  died — 
Conti  succeeded  him,  and  Dubois 
became  a  cardinal.  But  Tencin 
had  an  after-game  to  play  :  he  de- 
manded a  cardinal's  hat  for  himself 
also,  and  threatened  the  new  pope, 
if  he  did  not  comply  with  his  wishes, 
to  make  public  the  paper  by  which 
he  had  purchased  the  tiara. 

This  stroke  shews  the  hand  of  a 
master,  and,  in  fact,  Tencin  was 
no  novice  in  such  affairs.  He  had, 
long  before,  been  cited  before  the 
parliament  of  Paris,  on  a  charge  of 
simony  :  he  denied  the  charge  ; 
and  as  Aubry,  the  counsellor  em- 
ployed against  him,  appeared  not 
very  resolute  in  maintaining  the  fad 
aUed^cd,    Tencin,    who   was  pre- 


sent, had  the  boldness  to  oiler  to 
clear  himself  of  the  imputation,  by 
making  oath  of  its  falsehood,  if  the 
court  thought  proper.  Aubry,  who 
expected  this,  coolly  answered,  that 
he  would  spare  him  the  disgrace  of 
adding  perjury  to  his  crime,  and 
immediately  produced  the  agree- 
ment written  and  signed  by  the 
abbe's  own  hand.  This  silenced 
him  at  once,  and  he  slunk  away 
amid  the  groans  and  hisses  that  arose 
on  all  sides.  Such  a  public  dis- 
grace, notorious  as  it  was,  did  not 
prevent  Tencin  from  becoming  acar- 
dinal,  archbishop  of  Embrun,  &c. 


ROUSSEAU. 


The  following  translation  of  a 
letter  from  Rousseau  to  M.  de  la 
Popliniere,  which  has  hitherto  ap- 
peared only  in  one  of  the  most  re- 
spectable of  the  French  periodical 
publications,  will  probably  be  some 
gratification  to  others,  besides  the 
admirers  of  that  celebrated  writer. 
It  is  dated  Montmorenci,  June  the 
8th,   1762. 

"  No,  Sir  ;  I  am  well  aware  that 
men's  morals  are  not  corrected  by 
books  :  in  their  present  state,  bad 
ones  vender  them  worse,  if  it  be 
possible  ;  and  good  ones  do  not 
make  them  better.  Thus,  when  I 
have  taken  up  my  pen,  I  have  nut 
been  deceived  respecting  the  inuti- 
lity of  my  writings,  but  I  have 
obeyed  my  feelings  in  paying  ho- 
mage to  truth.  In  speaking  to  men 
for  their  real  good,  in  giving  glory- 
to  God,  in  stripping  off  the  autho- 
rity of  reason  from  the  prejudices  of 
vice,  I  have  enabled  myself,  when 
I  quit  this  life,  to  give  an  account 
to  the  author  of  my  being,  of  (he 
talents  with  which  he  entrusted  mo. 
This,  Sir,  is  all  I  could  do — this 
I  was  all  that  depended  on  myself* 


on   (.  \      LIGHT, 


455 


I  have   finished  my    short    I 
/  bave  nothing  more  to  i  ly,  and  I 
;nii  silent,    h  w ill  be  happy  '"'  mC3 
sir,  ii,  qui<  klj   forgotten  bj  man- 
kind, and  returned  to  Liie  obscurity 


i 

"J.  J,    I  M'-" 


ON  GAS  LIGHT, 

Or  on  the  Application  of  th<  I  Coji  to  <■  f  P        "h 

ken  compared  with  tht  Light  afford*  1  by  Lam 

M\\v  otheT  circumstances,  b  -  roluntai 

Bu]ea  |  notions,  are  un-    committed  by   workmen,    i 

arable   to  the   introduction  of  '  employed  in 


m-w  and  useful  discovers  b.  The 
very  proposal  of  any  thing  new 
often  carrieswith  it  something  offen- 
sive, at  least  among  a  certain  class 
of  men  ; — something  that  seems  to 


,,<  w  to  them,  and  which 
iliev    neither   ur 

prove  ;    mill   .  to  be 

feared,  thot  i  alterations  which  \ 
men  in  general,  and  moi 


imply  superiority  ;    and  even  thai     (hose  who  prkle  themselveson  their 
kind   of  superiority    precisely,   to  muity,  have  an  irresistible 


which  mankind  are  the  least  dis 
posed  to  submit,  or  to  condescend 
There  are  few  n\  1i<>  do  not  feel  asham 
cd  and  mortified  ;it  being  obliged  to 


propensity  to  make,  when  th  ■ 
employ  e,l  in  i  \<  i  iting  •  r  usin 
thing  that  is 

of  their  busin 


learn  something  n.  re     useful  inventions  have 

fora  iong  time  been  i  msidercd,  or    into  disrepute  by  alteration  . 
,i(l  tobehold  themselves  as     ed&nda     ■ 


proficients  in  the  business  in  which 
they  areengaged.  Their  awkward- 
:i  the  new  apprenticeship,  more 
especially  when  they  arc  obliged  to 
work  with  tools  with  which  the;. 

cquainted,  tends  much   to  in- 

se  their  dislike  to  the  teacher, 

and  to  bis  doctrine  :  hence  they  will 

contend  in  favour  of  themax- 

irefathers,be< 
i  them  by  rote,  or  b 

>uble  of  learning 
omcthing  better. 
;\,  t]  -.,    ,  '     icles,  which  natu- 
rally offer  them 

tb  the  introduction  of  improvements, 
we  may  add  the  innumerable  mis- 


have    nctll 

into  oblivion,  without  hav 

submitted  lo  n  i  in 

They  who   propose  impn 

inAuenced   bj 

and  this  suspicion,  whicl 

but  to 

attention  to  be  pud  to 
als  bj 

These  are  i 

- 
lion  of  valual 

lit  be 


45(5 


ON    GAS    LIGHT. 


not  discouraged  by  such   impedi- 
ments. 

But  there  is  another  serious  ob- 
stacle, which  is  produced  even  by 
the  present  flourishing  condition  of] 
society.  Jealousy,  malice,  envy, 
and  revenge,  have  too  often  their 
share  in  obstructing  the  progress  of 
real  improvements,  and  in  prevent- 
ing tile  adoption  of  plans  evidently 
calculated  to  promote  the  public 
good . 

The  most  meritorious  exertions 
id  favour  of  the  public  prosperity 
are  often  viewed  with  suspicion,  and 
the  fair  fame  that  is  derived  from 
those  exertions  is  considered  with 
jealousy  and  enxy ;  whilst  others 
again,  who  have  too  much  discern- 
ment not  to  perceive  the  merit  of  an 
undertaking  evidently  useful,  and 
too  much  regard  for  their  reputa- 
tion not  to  appear  to  approve  of  it, 
are  yet  very  far  from  wishing  it 
success. 

This  melancholy  truth  is  but  too 
well  known,  and  has  often  more  effect 
in  deterring  sensible  and  well-dis- 
posed persons  from  offering  to  the 
publictheir  plans  for  useful  improve- 
ment, than  all  the  immense  trouble 
and  difficulty  that  would  attend  the 
execution  of  them.  The  acquisition 
of  wealth  almost  totally  cngag 
attention  of  individuals,  and  it  is 
tills  that  gives  rise  to  those  vain  pre- 
tensions of  superior  or  boasted1  ex- 
cellency—  that  scorn  of  improve- 
ment, lecause  improvement  sup- 
poses pr<  ious  imperfection ;  in  ad- 
dition to  which  there  is  a  natural 
fear  of  risk,  which  deters  men  from 
entering  upon  new  undertakings,  of 
which  they  are  not  qualified  to  form 
their  own  judgment.  But  let  us  re- 
turn to  our  tubject. 

To  understand  the  nature  of  the 


production  of  light  from  coal  gas 
(carbonated  hydrogen),  it  must  be 
known,  that  the  aerial  fluid,  which 
is  intended  to  serve  ;fhe  purpose  of 
illumination,  as  stated  already,  is 
formed  during  the  ignition  of  pit- 
coal  in  close  vessels,  according  to 
certain  chemical  laws,  unnecessary 
to  be  detailed  here.  Under  such 
conditions  the  gaseous  product  is 
developed,  and  may  be  collected 
and  preserved  for  any  length  of  time, 
and  applied  to  useful  purposes.  If 
pit-coal  be  burnt  in  contact  with 
air,  as  is  (he  case  in  a  grate,  by  far 
the  greatest  part  of  this  inflamma- 
ble fluid  escapes,  and  passes  up  (he 
chimney,  whilst  another  part  is  oc- 
casionally ignited,  and  exhibits  the 
phenomena  of  flame  and  light  of  the 
fire.  The  beauty  of  the  flame  is 
much  impaired  by  a  portion  of  car- 
bonaceous matter  passing  along  with 
it>  without  suffering  the  process  of 
combustion  ;  and  it  is  this  chiefly 
which  constitutes  the  soot  collected 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  a  flame 
I  burning  under  unfavourable  circum- 
|  stances. 

The  theory  is  analagous   to  the 
action  of  a  lamp  or  that  of  a  candle. 
!  The  wick  of  a  candle  being  sur- 
'  rounded  by  tiie  flame,  is  nearly  in 
j  the  situation  of  the  pit-coal  exposed 
i  to  distillation,  for  the  production  of 
!  gas,  in  close  vessels.     The  office  of 
the  wick  is  chiefly,  if  not  solely,  to 
convey  the  tallow,  by  capillary  at- 
traction, to  the  place  of  combustion. 
As  it  is  consumed  and  flies  off,  an- 
other portion  succeeds;    and  in  this 
way  a  continued  current  of  tallow 
and  maintenance  of  flame  are  effect- 
ed.    The  action  of  a  lamp  is  pre- 
cisely  the  same.    The  most  obvious 
inconveniences  of  lamps  in  general 
arise  from  the  fluidify  of  the  oil? 


os    OAI    MOIIT. 


n hidi  requires  i  lapted  (•> 

{oil1  iin  it,  ami  even  in  the  bei I 
sti  nc ted  1  \m\  or  leu  liable 

id  be  spill.     W  hen  the  w ick 
lamp,  li<»\\c\  d,    j 

to  its  length,    (In1  Haute  continue! 
nearly  in  i lie  i  mic  stale  i 
considerable  lime.     I  pon  coi 

i  candle  w iili  n  lamp, 

irkable  particulars  arc  immedi- 
;i(<  ■!  y  i  "'ii.      In  the  first  pin     .  i' 
fallow   itself  u ill  remain  in 
fused  state,  and  afford  a  enp  or  ca- 
vity to  hold  that  portion  of  melted 
'licit  is  readj  into 

the  lightc  !  part  of  the  w  ick.  In 
the  second  place,  the  combustion,  in- 
stead of  being  <•  >nfi  u  I.  as  in  the 
lamp,  (<>  a  cert  tin  d<  lei  minate  por- 
tion of  the  fibrous  matter  of  the 
ton  of  the  candle,  is  carried,  by  n 
slow  succession,  through  the  whole 
length.  Hence  arises  the  greater 
necessity  of  frequently  snuffing  the 
candle,  and  considerable  difficulties 
arise  in  the  project  for  affording  (his 
gradual  supply  of  tallow  as  it  may 
be  wanted.  The  brilliancy  of  the 
Same  o\'  a  candl  •  depends  ranch 
on  the  diameter  ofthe  wick  beii 
small  as  possible;  but  this  requisite 
can  only  be  best  obtained  in  candles 
formed  of  a  material  that  requires  a 
higher  degree  of  heat  to  fuse  it,  than 
tallow.  The  w  ick  of  a  (allow  - 
die  must  1).'  made  thicker  in  pro- 
portion to  tbe  great  fusibility  of  the 

rial,  which  would  otherwise 
melt  the  sides  or'  the  cup,  ami  run 
over    in  streams  ot  gutter,      \A  ax, 

:  less  fusible  than  tallow .  may 
therefore  have  a  smaller  \ 
not  only  affords  the  advantag  i 
clear  perfect   flame,   but,  from  the 
flexibility  of  the  wick,  it  is  dis 
to  turn  on  one  side,   is  thus  burnt 
into  white  ashes,  and  performs  the 

e  of  snuffing. 


Tli'  'mm  fluid 

which  const  it 

for    in   the    I'lnlo 

ti.ms  ofthe  Royal  -  .  \  I.I. 

I   - 

. 
te  Dr.  .'.iim     < 

w  hi*  h  i(  ;  lh.it  the  n  lUll 

|  ' 

.  know n.     I)i .  : 
distilled  pit-c 
duett    of  the    ;  '  . 

aqueous  fluid,  after* 
oil,  and  I 

which  he  caught  in  W 
by  pricking  the  bladdei  -  h 
abled  to  inflame  the  g  if 

I(    is   further   known,  th.it    i;: 
beginning  of  the  last  Dr. 

•  submitting  pit- 
chemu    I   i 
during  the  ignition  of  ihi 

i  t  h i  rd  o  I 
coal  f  lized  in  I 

of  an  inflammable  vapour. 

Hence  (he  discovery  of  Ihi 
!    product    can    n  r   l»e 

claimed  by  any  person  now  living. 

In  I  r,  the   IJisli  >p 

Llandafft  es  the  nature  of 

the  vapour  ami   gaseous    products 
evolved   duri  listillatioi 

pit-coal.    This  learned  philosopher 
noticed,  that  (lie  volatile  product  u 
not  only  inflammable  as  it  iss 
thedistill  sel,  hvA  that  i(  also 

ted  its  inflammability  after  hav- 
ing b  i  ii  ma  le  to  piss  through  wa- 
ter, and  suffered  to  ascend  thr* 
two  high  curved  tubes.     The  - 
matter-  i  by  this  venerable 

*  V(  Si  1. 1. 

!  Watson**  t.  ;.  vol.  II- 


43S 


OV    CAS    LIGHT. 


acal  fluid,  a  tenacious  oil  resembling 
viscid  tar,  and  a  spongy  coal  or  coke. 

The  first  discovery  of  the  use  of 
gas  from  pit-coal  has  lately  been 
claimed  by  Mr.  Murdoch.  This 
gentleman  tells  us,  that  he  made 
some  experiments  on  the  nature  of 
this  gas  during  the  year  1792,  when 
he  resided  at  Bed  ruth,  in  Corn- 
wall* ;  that  he  was  struck  with  the 
prodigious  quantity  of  inflammable 
gaseous  products  -which  a  number 
of  vegetable  and  mineral  substances 
yielded,  when  heated  in  closed  ves- 
sels ;  and  that  he  instituted  a  series 
of  experiments,  -with  a  view  to 
learn  the  relative  ex  pence  at  which 
light  might  be  procured,  in  order 
to  compare  it  with  an  equal  quan- 
tity of  light  obtained  in  the  ordi- 
nary way  from  lamps  or  candles. 
With  these  experiments,  however, 
nobody  was  made  acquainted — at 
least  they  were  not  laid  before  the 
public  until  they  were  noticed  by 
Mr.  Henry,  of  Manchester,  in  the 
year  1805,  in  a  paper  inserted 
in  the  Monthly  Magazine.  The 
public,  therefore,  was  in  possession 
of  the  discovery  of  an  inilammable 
gas  long  before  they  heard  of  Mr. 
Murdoch's  claim  ;  and  the  com- 
munity are  surely  most  indebted  io 
those  who  took  the  pains  to  disse- 
minate so  useful  a  discovery,  and 
made  it  generally  known.  On  this 
ground,  Mr.  Winsor,  of  Pall-Mail, 
has  certainly  the  first  claim  in  this 
country  to  public  acknowledgment, 
with  regard  to  the  beneficial  effects 
of  this  gas,  as  connected  with  the 
purposes  of  illumination.  This 
gentleman  demonstrated,  in  theyears 
.  and  1804,  to  a  respectable  au- 
dience, at  the  Lyceum,  in  this  city, 

" 'Philogpph.  Trans.   1808.  P.  1.   p.  130. 


for  several  successive  months,  that 
the  gas  from  coal  might  be  applied 
with  great  advantage  on  a  large 
scale,  as  well  as  for  domestic  pur- 
poses. His  display  of  gas  lights 
look  place  above  two  years  before 
Mr.  Murdoch's  right  of  priority 
was  heard  of. 

Jn  stating  these  facts,  we  do  not 
mean  to  say  that  Mr.  Murdoch  de- 
rived the  hint  of  applying  the  coal 
gas  from  the  previous  exhibition  of 
Mr.  Winsor's,  because  it  is  quite 
within  the  bounds  ot  probability 
that  the  ideas  of  Mr.  Murdoch  may 
have  arisen  totally  independent  of 
all  acquaintance  with  Mr.  \ 
sor's  ;  nor  would  we  willingly 
wound  the  feelings  of  any  indivi- 
dual— our  object  is  the  mere  slate- 
incut  of  facts.  But  we  are  both 
prepared  and  inclined  to  say,  that 
the  honour  of  proving  the  absolute 
certainty,  or  the  real  application  of 
this  'gas  from  coal  to  actual  use, 
is  due  in  this  country  to  Mr.  Win- 
sor. Mr.  Murdoch  may  perhaps 
possess  more  learning,  but  Mr. 
Winsor  has  certainly,  in  this  mat- 
ter, shewn  more  genius  and  judg- 
ment. 

The  claims  of  invention,  or  the 
determination  of  the  right  of  pri- 
ority, concerns  the  public  only,  so 
far  as  the  honour  and  estimation  of 
any  useful  discovery  conferred  on 
tiie  inventor,  may  induce  other 
individuals  to  devote  their  talents 
to  similar  pursuits  ;  by  means  of 
which,  more  discoveries  may  be 
made,  and  the  subject  of  human 
invention  become  extended,  and 
rendered  more  useful  to  the  public. 
For  as  the  mere  benefits  which  man- 
kind may  derive  from  any  particular 
discovery,  considered  abstractedly, 
or  solely  by  itself,  they  are  certainly 


OS    OA?    LIGHT, 


mucli  more   indgbh  d  to  the  | 
w bo  (ii  i  applied  the  «li^ 
actual    pi  than  to  bira  who 

liivi  in  '.i  •  i!  ;  and  i(   is  the  p 
w  bo  brings  foi  ward  a  useful  ni 
into  pi.ii  1 1<  e,  "i  \\ bo  maki  i  indi \  i- 
ilua Is  thorough  1  j'  understand  i 
poi  (.nice  and  real  value,  thai  ■ 
titled  to  the  respect  and  protection 
of  the  public  ;  be<  ausc,  without  li  i^, 
irs,   the   benefits  of  the  mere 
y  might  li;i\ e  been  lost  to 
the  public. 

OiIht  individu  ds,  besides  Mr. 
Winsot'i  arc  also  entitled  to  praise* 
Mr.  Lardner,  in  Piccadilly,  has 
claims  to  public  thanks,  prior  to 
Murdoch  ;  for  his  warehouse, 
near  Albany-buildings,  was  pub- 
licly lighted  up  by  means  of  coal 
.  in  the  most  splendid  maimer. 
upwards  of  six  months  before  Mr. 
Murdoch's  claim  of  invention  ap- 
peared :  and  ;is  Mr.  Lardner  is  (he 
first  who  set  the  example  of  apply- 
ing (lie  gas  from  coal  to  common 
and  profitable  purposes  in  (he  small 
waj .  lie  is  perhaps  not  the 
titled  to  acknowledgment  and  gene- 
ral praise. 

In    France,    the    application  of 
light   to  economical  purp 
pointed  out   long  before   it  was 
publicly  introduced  into  this  coun- 
(rv.      M.    Le  Bon*   had  a  house 
1    up  in  1'aris,   in  the  winter  of 
1802,  so  as  to  be  entirely  illumi- 
nated by  gas  light,  which 
by  thousands  with  admiration 
had   a   brevet   ttinvention  (patent) 
granted  to  him  by  the  French  go- 
vernment, for  the  art  of  produ 
Light  from  wood.  I   in  close 

is.      in    the  year   1798,    Mr. 
Murdoch  again  constructed  an  ap- 

•  Description  d'un  i       ..    » .ipe. 


I  i  and   W 

apply   lli' 

purpose  <>f  illumiuali 

•  oho  man  i 

up  i  :  this 

made    with    a 

ils    peculiar   odour,    I 

lie-  g  is  in    as  pure     i  ( 

We.      I  i  Mr. 

Murdoch  informs  us. 
nued,  with  some  interruptions,  un- 
til the  peace  ol  1802,  ••■  b 
I         of  the  le  .a  (he 

Soho  manufactory  on  ; 
Mr.  Wiusor,   it  must,  r,  be 

staled,  ha>,   from  (he  3  .,  up 

to  (he  present  day,   illumi 
only  Pali-Mall,  but  i. 
dwelling-house,    in   the  most  bril- 
liant manner. 

In   (he  year   1806,   Mr.  Heard 
took  out  a  patent  for  obtainin 
inflammable  gas  1 
such  a  state,   that  it  may  be  bn 
without   producin 
able  odour.      This  gentle 
formerly  in  (he  serv  les- 
sor,   and   from   whom 
as  it  appears,   hi-  ,. 
cerning  the  nature  of  I 

The  objects  of  h 
fold  :   in  the  one,  I 
tided  with  quicklime  in  the 
which   (hey   are   distil 
theouer,  the 
(o    pass  over  lime   contai 

.    d  tube  :  after  die 
conducted  iut  I  , 

all  its   condensibl. 

*  Repertoi 
'  Mr.  > 


4oO 


c:;    GAS    LIGHT. 


sited,  it  is  applied  for  illumination 
in  the  usual  manner.  Mr.  Heard 
persuades  himself  that  he  has  disco- 
vered sul|  hut  m  most  of  the  coals. 
and  he  imagines  that  the  disagree- 
able odour  produced  by  the  unre- 
fined gas  arises  from  the  sulphureous 
acid  gas  thus  produced  during  corn- 
bus!  ion  :  he  therefore  substitutes 
lime,  with  a  view  to  convert  the 
^ulphur  either  into  a  sulphuret  or 
hydrosulphuret  of  lime. 

We  have  no  doubt  that  the 
means  recommended  by  Mr.  Heard, 
must  have  the  effect  of  depriving 
the  gas  of  its  odour,  if  it  is  care- 
lessly prepared ;  and  particularly 
if  that  odour,  as  Mr.  Heard  consi- 
ders it,  is  derived  from  the  produc- 
tion of  sulphureous  acid  gas,  gene- 
rated by  the  combustion  of  the  sul- 
phur from  coal.  From  some  expe- 
riments which  Ave  have  made,  by 
causing  the  gas  to  burn  for  a  consi- 
derable time  in  a  receiver,  we  be- 
lieve him  to  be  mistaken:  for  not  a 
vest  igc  of  sulphureous  acid  gas  could 
be  discovered  in  the  generated  fluid, 
by  means  of  muriatic  water  and  other 
chemical  tests:  and  although  we 
may  allow,  that  the  sulphureous 
acid  gas  might  cause  part  of  the 
odour,  sometimes  perceivable  dur- 
ing the  combustion  of  an  impure 
gas;  y^t  we  cannot  help  strongly 
suspecting,  that  even  a  greater  part 
of  the  odour  in  that  case  arises  from 
u  portion  of  undecomposed  gas 
escaping  the  process  of  combustion. 
As  a  proof  of  this,  we  need  only  set 
tire  to  a  stream  of  gas  thoroughly 
purified ,  from  a  small  orifice  or  pipe, 
so  as  to  produce  a  llame  not  much 
larger  than  that  afforded  by  an  or- 
dinary candle  :  in  that  case  the  com- 
bustion is  absolutely  unaccompanied 
bj/  any  odour;  but  if  the  gasjbe  made 


to  burn  from  a  large  orifice,  an 
odour  is  always  perceptible,  which 
is  more  predominant  as  the  gas  is 
impure.  We  must  therefore  abso- 
lutely look  to  the  purification  of  the 
gas  in  (lie  first  instant  of  its  produc- 
tion, and  which  no  doubt  may  easily 
be  accomplished  by  repeated  wash- 
ing in  water,  assisted  by  a  columnar 
pressure,  or  by  other  means  well 
known  to  the  chemical  philosopher. 

Many  other  attempts  have  been 
made  in  this  country,  to  derive  ad- 
vantage from  the  different  constitu- 
ent parts  of  coal,  but  they  arc  too 
obscure  to  merit  particular  atten- 
tion. 

Let  us  now  briefly  consider  the 
genera]  nature  of  the  light,  obtained 
from  coal  gas,  when  compared  with 
(he  light  obtained  from  candles  or 
lamps,  with  a  view  to  form  some 
notions  of  the  advantages  which 
may  fairly  be  expected  from  its 
application  to  the  common  pur- 
poses of  life.  In  doing  this,  we 
shall  confine  ourselves  tothe labours 
of  Mr.  Murdoch  and  Mr.  Accum; 
the  former  being  employed  to  con- 
struct an  apparatus  for  lighting  up 
one  of  the  largest  cotton-manufac- 
tories in  this  kingdom,  and  the  lat- 
ter being  called  upon  to  give  evi- 
dence before  the  House  of  Commons 
with  regard  to  the  general  nature  of 
the  subject.  The  labours  of  Mr. 
Murdoch  may  be  seen  in  the  Philo- 
sophical Transactions,  1808,  and 
those  of  Mr.  Accum  in  the  Re- 
marks upon  the  Bill  for  incorpo- 
rating  the  Gas  Light  and  Coke 
Company,  1809. 

The  facts  which  relate  to  the  la- 
bours of  Mr.  Murdoch  are,  the 
application  of  gas  light,  to  light  up 
the  cotton  manufactory  of  Messrs. 
Phillips  and  Lee  at  Manchester.  To 


ov    GAI   LIGHT 


16] 


accomplish  this,  the.coal  is  distilled 
in  Urge  retorts,  and  the  carbonati  I 
hydrogen  gas  ii  conveyed  into 

gasometers,  where  it  is  washed  and 

purific<l,;i  in  I  whence  it  ii  transported 

by  tubes  mid  distributed    into    the 

manufactory*  The  tubes  thni  em- 
ployed, form  b  total  length  o 

ver;d  miles.        From    thil    fat  I     WC 

therefore  learn,  that  the  gas  actually 
Hows  spontaneously,  through  ra- 
tions circumvolutions,  to  the  dis- 
tance  of  at    least   two   miles;     and 

there  is,  therefore,  reason  to  believe 

it  will  How  farther.  To  burn  the 
gas,  the  tubes  which  convey  it  are 
provided  with  conical  pieces  per- 
forated and  furnished  with  stop- 
cocks. The  gas,  as  it  issues  through 
these  perforations,  is  set  fire  to, 
and  the  supply  of  it  is  regulated  by 
this  stop-cock.  There  arc  271 
burners  on  the  principle  of  Ar- 
gand'i  lamp,  each  of  which  g 
a  light  equal,  in  intensity,  to  four 
mould  candles,  of  six  to  the  pound  ; 
and  633  burners  (similar  to  those  in 
the  range  of  gas-lamps  in  Pall- Ma  II) 
called  cockspurs,  of  which  the 
light  is  equal  to  %\  of  the  same 
candles;  so  that  the  whole  of  the 
light  is  equal  to  2500  candles,  siv 
to  the  pound)  and  each  of  which 
consumes  t\  of  an  ounce,  or  I 
grains  of  tallow,  in  an  hour.  The 
quantity  of  gas  required  for  this 
number  of  burners,  is  1250  cubic 
feci  in  an  hour.  In  some  mills,  Mr. 
Murdoch  observes,  where  there  is 
overwork,  the  light  will,  on  nn 
average  of  the  whole  year,  be  re- 
quired for  three  hours,  and  in  a 
few,  where  night-work  is  still  used, 
twelve  hours  ;  but  in  the  manufac- 
tory under  consideration,  the  y 
average  is  only  two  hours  a-day,  oi 
8500  cubic  feet  of  gas.  The  quan- 
Sup.  Vol.  I. 


lily    of  <  '    '  '  1  this 

Inilli    of  "  whu  ll    • 

II  I  I'lin   thii 

men!  if    beco  IK     then  l"i  i 
that  the  expence  ol  the  light 
in  tins  manufiu  '-.  y,  may  b  I 

thus  : 

Cost  of  1 10  tons  of  i 

.  6d.   is      -    -    -    -    . 
Cost  of  If)  tons  of  common  i 
to  heat  the  retorts,  at  10,.  is 

115 
Interest  of  capital,  so 
and  t'-.ir  of  the  apparal 
which   is,   however,   rated 
higher  than  necessary 

Attendance,  the  same  as  when 

candles  are  used,  and  there- 
fore nc-d   not  be  stated       -  0 


Deduct   value   of  TO  tons  of 
coke  at  Is.  Id.  perewt.  93 

Yearly  expence    - 

The  amount  of  the  expence 
candles  t<>  give   tfa 
light  would  be,  at  Is.  per  lb. 

irly 2000 

If  this  light  were  req  in 
three  hours  a-day,  the  advantage 
would  be  still  greater,  as  the  in- 
terest of  capital,  and  the  wear  and 
tear,  remain  nearly  as  before  . 
that  the  yearly  expence  will  not  be 
more  than  t£i  ile  that  of  tal- 

low would  amount  to  It" 

the   lifliN   i  quired  for 

than    three  hours,    an   iiu 
some  parts  of  lh>-  apparatus  would 
be  required.     If  the  comparison  is 
made    with    oil,     the   advant 
would,    of  course,  be  less.      The 
burners  ofthe  gas  ire  absolutely  . 
from  odour,  the  light  is  peeut 
soft  and  clear,  and  ot  almost  uu»a- 
9  P 


4(r2 


ON    GAS    LIGHT. 


rying  intensity.  It  is  also  free  from 
sparks,  and  it  produces  no  soot. 
Such  is  (he  statement  of  Mr.  Mur- 
doch, with  regard  to  the  beneficial 
applications  of  the  gas  light,  and 
for  which  this  well-known  philoso- 
pher has  received,  from  the  Royal 
Society,  the  gold  medal.  It  is  ob- 
vious that  in  this  statement  the 
light  only  was  sought,  and  that  no 
account  has  been  taken  of  the  col- 
lateral products  that  are  obtained 
during  the  distillation  of  pit-coal  in 
close  vessels.  These  are  chiefly, 
tar  diluted  with  an  essential  oil, 
perfectly  adapted  for  painting,  var- 
nishing, &c,  and  an  ammoniacal 
liquor  containing  a  considerable 
portion  of  carbonate  of  ammonia : 
the  latter  is  already  sought  for,  and 
actually  used  by  the  dyer  and 
calico-printer.  The  tar  has  been 
found  superior  to  vegetable  tar ; 
and  when  inspissated,  furnished 
cither  excellent  pitch,  or  asphal- 
tum,  according  to  the  degree  of  in- 
spissation.  These  articles  may  thus 
be  produced  at  a  cheap  rate. 

The  following  is  the  Calculation  re- 
ferred to,  and  shews  the  value  of  the 
products  from  one  chaldron  of  coals, 
in  twenty -four  hours,  as  stated  by 
Mr.  Accum. 

riRST    CALCULATION. 

1st.  The  quantity  of  measured 
light  produced  from  a  chal- 
dron of  coals,  is  equal  to  3981 
tallow-candles,  of  twelve  to 
the   pound,    at    Is.    per  lb. 


/.    s.  d. 

(burning  five  hours)     .     .     16  11   0 

2nd.  One  chaldron  and  a  half  of 

coke,  at  30s.  per  chaldron      '2     5  0 

3rd.  Sixty  pounds  of  pitch,    at 

25s.  per  cwt 0  12  G 

4th.  Thirty  pounds  or  three  gal- 
lons of  essential  oil  for  paint- 
ing,  at  8s.  per   gallon      .     .  1     H 

5 th.  ISOlbs.  or  eighteen  gallons 
of  ammoniacal  liquor,  at  Is. 
per  gallon 0  18  0 


21    10  6 


Deduct,  as  below,  for  expence    3 
Cost  of  coal        .     .     2     5  0 
Labour  for  two  men    0   10  0 
Wear  and  tear  for  24 

hours    ....     0 
Carbonising  fuel  for 

refuse  coke     .     .     0 


5  t 


G 


0 


18  5  6 


Clear  profit       .     .     , 

SECOND  CALCULATION,  COMPARING  ITW1T1I 
OIL  LAMPS. 

1st.  The  quantity  of  light  equal 
to  2,100  parish-lamps,  at  \d. 
each,  is  (burning  for  eleven 

hours)        6  11" 

2nd.  Coke,  as  before       ...  2     5  0 

3rd.  Pitch,  ditto 0   12  6 

4th.  Essential  oil,  ditto  .     .     .1     4  0 
5th.  Ammoniacal  liquor,  ditto    0  18  0 


11    10  9 
Deduct  costs  as  above    ..350 


Clear  profit  per  chaldron  in 

24  hours'  time     ....  8     5  9 


I  have  the  honour  to  be  your's, 

A  Reader. 


i65 


|  INTELl]         CE  1 

A  '  "  '  1809.     A 

!  nirall 

'  '    1 1 

the  Si  i  iu,  Jun< 

i  Volpe  Italian 
gun-b  i  iron  four-pounder, 

w  itli  20  La  1 

h  b  well  a 
crew  of  i  i  men,  bj  the  pinn  ia  and  the 
!  cutter  of  the  Standard,  with- 
iny  Iota  •  i  i  lu  latter. 

Loth  the  ;  I)  irned. 


Admirall  of  a 

letter  from  Vice-Admiral  Lord  Colling- 
:.  i     am  indi     .i  <  hief  of  his  m 

ind  vessels  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, to  the  Hon.  W.  W.  Pole,  dab  I  on 

.    ilon,  the  . 
Octob 

Sir,  - 1  in<  lose  a  l<  tter  which  T  hare 
just  received  from  the  Right  Hon.  Lord 

tin  of  the  ' 
ing  the  -  trvices  which  he  has  been  em- 
ployed in  nn  the  c    at  oi    I 
Nothi  1 1  he  activity  an 

with  which  his  lordship  pursues  th< 
my.    The  Buccess  which  attends  his  en- 
terprises clearly  indicates  with  wl  it  skill 
and  ability  they  are  condu       I :   I 
keeping  the  coasl  in  a   con  tant  alarm, 

i  of  the  I 
and  harassing  a  body  of  troops  em]         i 
in  op]  i,  he  h  is  pre- 

iops,  which*)  er<   i!. 
for  Figueras,  from  advaw  in  . 
bv  giving  them  m<  nl  in  tl 

of  their 

'  -      '  '11V      111 

I  by  th«  K  nt  and  \\  i- 
1  lips  have  ha  1  that  station 

le  French 
sailiii. 

i  lerav 
Dur- 
ing their  cruize  there  they  I. 
and   d  twenty  -three   of 

coasters.  — 1  ind  se  the  oft  aptain 

the  attack 
made  at  Noli,  and  the  capture  of  hi  ve  - 
aels  in  the  road. — I  have  the  honour  to 
be,   &  CollIngm 

Lord  C  ichrane's  letter,  dated  Im 
ease,   Gulf  of  Lyons,    Sept.  28, 
that  with  varying  opposition,   but  with 
unvaried  success,  the  newly  constructed 
semaphoric  telegraphs,  ■■■  of  the 

atruost  consequence  to  the  safety  of  the 


:  THE  I 

i 

La  1 
- 
I 
molishi 

Ihmi- i 
(I'. mi. 

I  tower  upon  th< 

I 

>t    were    dl 

fortress  ol    I 
• 

11  < 

Sir,  — 1  b  .  iriat 

lay,  running  a 
I 

I 
deeply  laden,  und<  i 
gun-b 

abreast  of  tb<  tow  a  ■  there 

appeared  a lair , 
out  by  a  prompt 
had  time  to  collect  his  I  i  ce,   I 

I  iu  -  nd   in  the  boad  of  the 
Kent  and  Wizard  j  ai 
little  wind,  I  ii; 

Wizard,   to  tow  in  and  cover  the  i 
which  immediati 
i  xertion,  soon  l> 

when  it   w  le  to 

them  out  without  landinj 
ened  to  tin 

.    the 

pulled  to  the  beach  with 

great  I  to  the  fire  of  two 

guns  in  t  I  the  gun-boat,  two 

tield -piece,    placed    in    a     grove    which 

.  mus- 
ketry from  the  houses;  bat  tl 
k  to  th<-  ardour  and  inti 
British  seamen  and  marine-,  wl 
from  the  boats,  and  rushed  upon  the  <ne- 
my  with  a  tear!' 

nt  of  i  hi 

ion  taken  and  spiked  by  1 
Chasman, 
manded  the  seamen,  and  Lieut  Ii 

j  al  marines  :  and  the  ,  w  ho 

had  drawn  up  a  t  re- 

gular troops  in  i  the 

-. 
Ilea,  "  :  marines, 

and  Lieut  Grant  of  that 

, <>n  of  the  !u  li- 
the, n  off    [a  tk 

Lindsay  an  I 

Lieot  Btiset  of  the   Wixan     wh 


461      INTERESTING    INTELLIGENCE    FROM    THE    LONDON    GAZETTES. 


equally  distinguished  themselves  in  driv- 
ing the  enemy  from  the  beach,  were  ac- 
tively employed  in  taking  possession  of 
the  gun-boat,  and  freeing  the  vessels  from 
their  fasts  to  the  shore;  and  I  had  soon 
the  satisfaction  to  see  our  people  embark, 
and  the  whole  of  the  vessels  coming  out 
under  the  protecting  fire  of  the  Wizard, 
which,  by  the  judicious  conduct  of  Capt. 
Ferris,  contributed  very  essentially  to 
keep  the  enemy  in  check,  both  in  the  ad- 
vance and  retreat  of  the  boats. — I  should 
have  pleasure  in  noticing  the  midshipmen 
and  others  who  were  conspicuous  in  this 
little  enterprise,  but  I  fear  that  I  have  al- 
ready given  a  longer  detail  than  it  may 
be  thou- hi  worthy  of;  and  shall  therefore 
only  beg  leave  to  add,  that  one  seaman 
kil  ed,  and  one  badly  wounded  (since 
dead),  both  of  the  Kent,  is  all  the  loss  we 
sustained.  The  enemy  left  many  dead 
on  the  ground. — The  gun-boat  was  a  na- 
tional vessel,  called  La  Vigilante,  com 
manded  by  an  Enseigne  de  Vaisseau,  with 
a  complement  of  forty-five  men. 

Thomas  Rogers. 

P.  S.  Since  writing  the  above,  the  boats 
of  the  Kent  and  Wizard  have  brought  out, 
without  mischief,  from  under  the  guns  of 
a  fort  near  Leghorn,  where  they  had  taken 
shelter,  three  laden  vessels,  and  burnt  a 
fourth,  which  was  aground  and  could  not 
be  got  oft'. 

Sir  A.  Cochrane  has  transmitted  the 
copy  of  a  letter  from  Capt.  Pigott,  of  the 
Circe,  dated  Martinique,  Oct.  31^  an- 
nouncing the  capture  of  the  French  brig 
Palineur,  of  14  carronades  and  79  men. 
The  Circe  had  one  killed  and  one  wound- 
ed.— Also  from  Captain  Cockburn,  of  the 
Pom  pee,  dated  Barbadoes,  Oct.  22,  an- 
nouncing the  capture  of  the  French  brig 
Le  Pilade,  of  1  >  twenty-four-pounder 
carronades,  &c.  and  109  men. — Also  from 
Mr.  Dyason,  master  of  the  late  brig  Ma- 
ria, stating  her  capture  by  the  French 
corvette  Le  Sards,  of  22  guns.  The  Ma- 
ria carried  only  12  twelve-pounder  car- 
ronades, two  long  fours,  and  65  men  ; 
and  did  not  strike  until  she  was  sinking. 
V\  hen  the  enemy  took  possession,  they 
were  obliged  to  run  her  on  shore  and  de- 
stroy her.  Lieut.  Bennett,  the  command- 
er, 11.  O'Donnell,  midshipman,  and  four 
seamen,  were  killed,  and  nine  wounded. 


Doivning-street,  Jan.  10.  Dispatches, 
from  which  the  following  are  extracts, 
were,  on  the  Sth  inst.  received  from  Lieu- 
tenant-Ge.neral  Sir  J.  Moore,  K.  B.  com- 


mander in  chief  of  his  majesty's  forces 
employed  in  Spain. 

Benerente,  Dec.  28,  180S. 
Sir, — Since  I  had  the  honour  to  address 
you  upon  the  16th,  from  Toro,  the  army 
has  been  almost  constantly  marching 
□rough snow,  and  with  cold  that  has  been 
very  intense.  The  weather,  within  these 
few  days,  has  turned  to  rain,  which  is 
much  more  uncomfortable  than  the  cold, 
and  has  rendered  the  roads  almo*t  impass- 
able. On  the  21st  the  army  reached  Sa- 
hagun;  it  was  necessary  to  halt  there  in 
order  to  refresh  the  men,  and  on  account 
of  provisions.  The  information  I  receiv- 
ed was,  that  Marshal  Soult  was  at  Sal- 
danawith  about  16,000  men,  with  posts 
along  the  river  from  Cuarda  to  Carrion. 
The  army  was  ordered  to  march  in  two 
columns  at  eight  o'clock  on  the  night  of 
the  23d,  to  force  the  bridge  at  Carrion, 
and  from  thence  proceed  to  Saidana.  At 
six  that  evening,  I  received  information, 
that  considerable  reinforcements  had  ar- 
rived at  Carrion  from  Placencia,  and  a 
letter  from  the  Marquis  de  la  Romana  in- 
formed mc  that  the  French  were  advanc- 
ing from  Madrid  either  to  Valladolid  or 
Salamanca.  It  was  evident  that  it  was  too 
late  to  prosecute  the  attempt  upon  Soult ; 
that  I  must  be  satisfied  with  the  diversion 
1  had  occasioned ;  and  that  I  had  no  time 
to  lose  to  secure  my  retreat.  The  next 
morning,  Lieutenant-General  Hope,  with 
his  own  division,  and  that  of  Lieut. -Gen. 
Fraser,  marched  to  Majorga.  I  sent  Sir 
D.  Baird,  with  his  division,  to  pass  the 
river  at  Valmira ;  and  followed  Lieut.- 
Gen.  Hope  on  the  25th,  with  the  reserve 
and  the  light  brigades,  by  Majorga,  Val- 
deras,  to  Benevente.  The  cavalry  under 
Lord  Paget  followed  the  reserve  on  the 
26th :  both  the  latter  corps  entered  this 
place  yesterday.  We  continue  our  march 
on  Astorga.  Generals  Hope  and  Fraser 
are  already  gone  on ;  Sir  D.  Baird  pro- 
ceeds to-morrow  from  Valencia ;  and  I 
shall  leave  this  with  the  reserve  at  the 
same  time.  Lord  Paget  will  remain 
with  the  cavalry,  to  give  us  notice  of 
the  approach  of  the  enemy.  Hitherto 
their  infantry  have  not  come  up,  but  they 
are  near,  and  the  cavalry  is  round  us  in 
great  numbers.  They  are  checked  by 
our  cavalry,  which  have  obtained,  by 
their  spirit  and  enterprize,  an  ascendancy 
over  that  of  the  French,  which  nothing 
but  great  superiority  of  numbers  on  their 
part  will  get  the  better  of.  The  diver- 
sion made   by  our  march  on  Sahagun, 


I\  rBHIITI  If fi    INTELLIGENCE    FROM   1 


ihou  ■  i  id*  to  oan  eh 

It  remit  i  what 

ii  ige  i In*  Spaniards  in  the  south  v\  ill 
be  able  i"  •  the  man  li  <>t  1 1  ■  *  - 

Ft i  n>  ii  mi   1>  stopped,  u hen 

it-.    1 1\  mi  ed  guard   Ii  i  I  reai  bed 
M'n  i  de  la  Ken  thing  dii 

pot  J-  e  i>  now  turned  in  this  din 
Tin-  onh    put  of  the  army  which  has 
been  hith        i  .  the  i  nemy 

ha  been  the  cai - » 1 1  j  ,  an  l  it  i^  impo 

am  Ii  in  'I 
]  me  itioned  t"  youi  lord  ihip,  in  my  lettei 

16th,  th<  i 

art  had  met  writh  in  defeating  .<■  del  i<  h- 
Daenl  of 
few  days  fa 
or  killing  differ  tit  |         -  of  the  French, 

superior    i 
attacked  them.    '  hn  thi  ir  man  !>  t  • 

had  information  of  (>  or 

i  ,i\  .i!rv    bein  \   in  that  town.     He 
in  irched  on  tin-  nigl  from 

Rome  Tillages,  where  he  u.i->  posted  in 
from  of  the  i,  w  ith  the 

I Oth  ui  I  i  'tii  i  irched 

jht  to  the  tow  n,  whilst  Lord  P 
a  'he  15th  endeavoured  to  turn  it :  un- 
fortunately he  fell  ui  with  a  patroh  .  i  m 
tve  the  alarm. 
By  this  means  the  French  had  time  to 
form  on  the  outside  ol  the  town  before 
Lord  Paget  .  ■  round.  He  immediately 
charged  them,  beat  them,  and  look  from 
1  r<»  to  I  i>  prisoners,  amongst  whom 
wca- two  lieutenant-colonels  and  II  offi- 
(  -.  with  the  loss  on  our  part  of  six  or 
eight  men,  and  perhaps  20  wounded. 
There  hare  been  taken  by  the  cavalry 
from  t-  to  H  "iim- 

derable  numb:  this  sin* 

began  our  march  from  Salamanca.  <hi 
hi>  march  from  Sahagun,  <>:i  tl,.  20th, 
Lord  Paget,  with  two  squadrons  of  tin." 
10th,  at!  i<  e    I  a  d<  tacl  n  nt  < 

[ajorga,   killed   20,   and  to.>k  above 
I   i»  prisoners.     Our  cavalry  is 

in  quality  to  any  the  French  have; 
and  the  righl  spirit  h  a  been  infusi  1  into 
them  by  the  example  and  instruction  of 
their  two  leaders,  Lord  I'a^et 
Gen.  Stewart 

.-.;.    D   ••  II,    I 
S  r, — I  arrived  here  yesterday.  M 
C?n.  Fraaer,  with  bJsuviston,  will  be  at 
Villa  Franca  thi-;  day.   and  will   pn 
ante  Logo.     Lieut-Gen.  Hope,  with  his 
division,  stopped  yesterday  two  i. 
from  this,  and  proceeds  this  m  M  nin  ;.  tbl- 

.1  by  Sir  1).  Baird     Tl 


1  i 

■ 
.  Frani  <. 
morrow  mornin 

appro  i'  ii  nt  mi  i  ii        I 

- 
i  ■ 

■ 
the  bead  i  l  ili<-  piqtu 

I  md  driven 

ofdn 

with  about  70  ofl 

u  I'd  wli  -  Ii    1',        I  ,i  kid 

icfa :   it 

army  . 

i  m- 
I 

'  .    /' 

Sir, — I  have  the  h< 

report   that   tl 

in  the  •  roaring  tl  tl  the 

ford  near  the  bi  I    i  mediate^ 

down 

Col.  0 

-  that  the  •  tiould  repair  to 

tht  ir  a  -.1  went  i- >rv- 

connoitre,  and  t~* <-in(i   tour  squad  ; 

mi  e  i  ii  guai 

with  :ithc 

1  r  the  l<">th  hus- 

. 

m  If  at 
the   head   of  the  |  !i  the 

"nod  in 

I 
about  jO 
killed,  I 

■   number  of  hi  ••  •-.     It 
-   inking  in 
the  highest  terms  of  all 
!  I  I  Major  1  agwell 

_  .-  | 
is  slightly  wounded.    T:.e  u> 

in  the  whole  of  my 
Staff;  and  1  had  many    %  ten  from 

- 
omnaatnt- 

t  Kir  I  •  .ir,  nearly 

D  kdled  an  !  w  I  will  send 

■  return  the  moment  I  can  collect  the 

re|K>rts.  -Ckn 

KB. 


i()6      INTERESTING    INTELLIGENCE    FROM    THE    LONDON    GAZETTES. 


I  have  forwarded  the  prisoners  to  Ba- 
niza.  On  the  other  side  of  the  river  the 
enemy  formed  again;  and  at  this  instant 
three  guns  of  Capt.  Donovan's  troop  ar- 
rived, which  did  considerable  execution. 


Admiralty- Office,  Jan.  14.  This  Gazette 
announces  ihe  capture,  by  his  Majesty's 
sloop  Belette,  on  the  23d  August,  of  the 
French  schooner  Confiance,  mounting  7 
gnus,  with  70  men,  and  only  three  days 
from  Cayenne.  Also,  by  the  Magnet 
brig,  Capt  Morris,  on  the  5th  ult.  off  the 
Island  of  Bornholm,  the  Danish  privateer 
Paulina,  mounting  10  guns,  with  12  men, 
and  had  been  out  12  days  from  Copen- 
hagen, without  making  any  capture. 
Also,  bvr  the  Onyx  sloop,  of  10  guns  and 
20  men,  Capt.  Gill,  on  the  1st  insl.  after 
an  action  of  two  hours  and  a  half,  the 
Dutch  brig  Manly,  formerly  British, 
mounting  twelve  1 8-pounder  carronades, 
and  four  long  b'-pounders,  with  !)  !•  men, 
and  commanded  by  Lieut.  Hendyman. 
She  saiied  from  the  Texel,  in  company 
with  another  brig,  for  the  sole  purpose  of 
intercepting  our  trade  with  Heligoland, 
and  had  made  only  onecapture.  TheOnyx 
had  one  man  killed,  and  three  wounded  ; 
her  prize  five  killed,  and  six  wounded. 
Captain  Gill  bestows  the  highest  praise 
on  Lieuts.  Garrat  and  Trewren,  as  well  as 
the  whole  of  his  crew,  for  their  skill  and 
bravery. 

Admiralty- Office,  Jan.  21.  Rear- Ad- 
miral D'Auvergne,  Prince  of  Bouillon, 
has  transmitted  to  the  Hon.  W.  W.  Pole, 
a  letter  from  Capt.  Pringle,  of  his  Ma- 
sloop  Sparrowhawk,  dated  off  Cher- 
bourg the  12th  instant,  giving  an  account 
of  his  having,  that  day,  captured  the 
French  privateer  cutter  L'Esperance,  of 
1  !  guns  and  54  men. — Capt.  O'Connor, 
commander  of  his  Majesty's  sloop  the  Ned 
Elwin,  has  transmitted  to  the  Hon.  W. 
W.  Pole,  a  copy  of  a  letter  addressed  by 
him  to  Vice-Adm.  Sir  James  Saumarez, 
giving  an  account  of  his  having,  Dec.  17, 
captured  die  General  Rapp  French  pri- 
vateer brig,  of  8  guns  and  11  men,  which 
had  It  ft  Djiitzic  the  evening  before. 


London  Gazette  Extraordinary. 

DovBling-street,  Jan.  21.  The  Hon. 
Capt.  Hope  arrived  late  last  night  with  a 
dispatch  from  Lieut. -Gen.  Sir  David  Baird 
to  Lord  Viscount  Castlereagh,  of  which 
;*     following  is  a  copy  : 


Ville  de  Paris,  at  Sea,  Jan.  18. 
My  Lord, — By  the  much-lamented 
hath  of  Lteut.-Gen.  Sir  John  Moore,  who 
fell  in  action  with  the  enemy  on  the  13th 
instant,  it  has  become  my  duty  to  ac- 
quaint your  lordship,  that  the  French 
army  attacked  the  British  troops,  in  the 
position  they  occupied  in  front  of  Co- 
runna,  about  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon 
of  that  day.  A  severe  wound,  which 
compelled  me  to  quit  the  field  a  short 
time  previous  to  the  fall  of  Sir  John 
Moore,  obliges  me  to  refer  your  lordship 
for  the  particulars  of  the  action,  which 
was  long  and  obstinately  contested,  to 
the  inclosed  report  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Hope, 
who  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the 
army  ;  and  to  whose  ability  and  exer- 
tions in  direction  of  the  ardent  zeal  and 
unconquerable  valour  of  his  Majesty's 
troops,  is  to  be  attributed,  under  Provi- 
dence, the  success  of  the  day,  which  ter- 
minated in  the  complete  and  entire  re- 
pulse and  defeat  of  the  enemy  at  every 
point  of  attack.  The  Hon.  Capt.  Gordon, 
my  aid-de-camp,  will  have  the  honour  of 
delivering  this  dispatch,  and  will  be  able 
to  give  your  lordship  any  father  informa- 
tion which  may  be  required. 

Yours,  &c.     D.  Baird,  Lieut.-Gen. 

Audacious,  off  Corunna,  Jan.  1 S. 
Sir, — In  compliance  with  the  desire 
contained  in  your  communication  of  yes- 
terday, I  avail  myself  of  the  first  moment 
I  have  been  able  to  command,  to  detail 
to  you  the  occurrences  of  the  action 
which  took  place  in  front  of  Corunna 
on  the  16th  instant.  It  will  be  in  your 
recollection,  that  about  one  in  the  after- 
noon of  that  day  the  enemy,  who  had  in 
the  morning  received  reinforcements,  and 
who  had  placed  some  guns  in  front  of  the 
right  and  left  of  his  line,  was  observed  to 
be  moving  troops  towards  his  left  flank, 
and  forming  various  columns  of  attack  at 
that  extremity  of  the  strong  and  com- 
manding position,  which,  on  the  morning 
of  the  1 5th,  he  had  taken  in  our  imme- 
diate front.  This  indication  of  his  inten- 
tion was  immediately  succeeded  by  the 
rapid  and  determined  attack  which  he 
made  upon  your  division,  which  occupied 
the  right  of  our  position.  The  ever*^ 
which  occurred  during  that  period  of  tiie 
action  you  are  fully  acquainted  with. 
The  first  effort  of  the  enemy  was  met  by 
the  commander  of  the  forces,  and  by 
,  yourself,  at  the  head  of  the  12d  regiment, 
and  the  brigade  under  Majdr-Gen.  Lord 
William  Bentinck.     The  village  en  your 


JXTF.nnTiNC    i  *'  ~ 


light  : 

seven   9 d  v  I 

of  youi 

Moore,  who  h    ' 

aid.-  dispo  lition,   li  II  h 

The   iroops,    lli 

with  the   u  i.  |>  irable  l« 

taincd,  were  m><  di  mayed  ;   but,  by  the 

most  dctermini  'I  bravi  i  • 

pi  IN  il  every  attempt   of  thi    • 

I  :;rnund,    bill  "■" 

retire,  although  be  had  '  n  fr<  I. 

troopa  in  Bupport  of  ihow    on   in  •' 

d.      The    cm  n 
roiled  in  ever)  att<  mpi  to  forci  th 
of  oar  position,  endea    >ui    I  b  .  numbers 
to  turn  ii.      \  judicious  and  well-timed 
movement,  w  liich  was  made  by   M 
Gen.  Pag<  t  with  the  reserve,  which  corps 
had  moi  ed  out  of  its  cantonmen    to  sup- 
port the  righl  of  th 

attack,  iK  fe  tted  thi   i  'i  hi  Ma- 

jor-<  i't  ii.  having  pushed  forwai  I  the  95th 
(rifle  corps),  and  1st  b:  ttalion  52d 
input,  drove  the  em     •  him,  and, 

in  his  rapid  and  jud  ci<  ce,  threat- 

»  n.  .1  the  left  of  the  i  ni  m  >  's  position. 
This  circumstance,  with  the  po        i  i 
Lit  ut.-(  mi.  Fraser's  dii  ision  (calculated 
to  give  still  farther  to  the  right 

of  the  line),  induced  the  en  my  t<>  relax 
bis  efforts  in  tl  They  w<  re, 

ver,  mere  forcil  ly  dii   i  i  1 ti 
;  nter,  w  I 
cessrully  i  the  bri 

Major-Gen.    Mannii    h  ig  the 

left  of  your  dn 

under  Major-Gen.    I     th,   forming   tin 
right  of  the  division  undi  r  i 
Upon  the  left,  the  enemy  ! 
himself  w  ith  an  attack  upon  i 
which  however,  in  general,  maintained 
their  ground.     Finding,  howi  rer,  his  1 f- 
fbrts  unavailing  on  the  righl 
he  set  med  di    rm  n 
tack  upon  the  left  mon 
. 

village  through  which  the  great  n 
Ma      I]    ss<  •.  ind  which  was  situated  in 
front  <  irt  of  the  line.     From  this 

posl .  however,  he  v\  as  s  »n  exp<  i;;  d,  w  ith 
considerable  1  oss,   by    a  gallant   attack 
of  some  companies  <.<(  the  2d  l  at 
1  4-thn giment, under LieuU-Col,  \ icholls. 
Before  five  in  the  evenii  d  not 

only  successfully  repelli 
made  upon  the  position,  but  had  gained 
ground  in  almost  all  points,   and  occu- 


view  1 

thi  i  moment 

had    givi  n    thi  01    I 

I 

advant 

vie  win 
1  ihou 

what  1 
determinate 

n  ■.  I  - 

■ 

ii  ;   the  [>:• 

for  which  I 

order,  and  were,  in  i 
I 
qoitti  I   thi  ii  , 
with  a  di 
i  redit    'I . 
that  remained  unembarki  I  i. 
withdrawn,  the 
ordt  r  | 

n 
town   and  ' 

1  be  piqui  I 

of  the  17th,  - 

milar 

i  '.  the  mi- 
ll. I  ; 

I, 

:  arsu- 
1    arcy, 

barking  the  army  ;  and 
of  th<  I 

sioner  I 
herd,  and 
i  the  v 
with  a 
equalled.     With  th 

les  under  I 

I 

on    shore   until 
enemy    should 

to  form 


468   INTERESTING  INTELLIGENCE  FROM  THE  LONDON  GAZETTES. 


occupic;]  the  land  front  of  the  town  of 
Corunna;  that  under  Major- (Jen.  Hill 
was  stationed  in  reserve  on  the  promon- 
tory in  rear  of  the  town.  Th*  enemy 
pushed  his  light  troops  towards  ihe  town 
soon  after  eight  o'clock  on  the  morning  of 
the  17th,  and  shortly  after  occupied  the 
heights  of  St.  Lucia,  which  command  the 
harbour.  But  notwithstanding  this  cir- 
cumstance, and  the  manifold  defects  of 
the  place,  there  being  no  apprehension 
that  the  rear-guard  could  be  forced,  and 
the  disposition  of  the  Spaniards  appear- 
ing to  be  good,  the  embarkation  of  Major- 
Gen.  Hill's  brigade  was  commenced  and 
completed  bv  three  in  the  afternoon. 
Major-Gen.  Beresford,  with  that  zeal  and 
ability  which  is  so  well  known  to  your- 
self and  the  whole  army,  having  fully 
explained,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
Spanish  governor,  the  nature  of  our  move- 
ment, and  having  made  every  previous 
arrangement,  withdrew  his  corps  from  the 
land  front  of  the  town  soon  after  dark, 
and  was,  with  all  the  wounded  that  had 
not  been  previously  moved,  embarked 
before  one  this  morning.  Circumstances 
forbid  us  to  indulge  the  hope,  that  the 
victory,  with  which  it  has  pleased  Provi- 
dence; to  crown  the  efforts  of  the  army,  can 
be  attended  with  any  very  brilliant  conse- 
quences to  Great  Britain.  It  is  clouded 
by  the  loss  of  one  of  her  best  soldiers — 
it  has  be*  n  achieved  at  the  termination  of 
a  long  and  harassing  service.  The  supe- 
rior numbers  and  advantageous  position 
of  the  enemy,  not  less  than  the  actual 
situation  of  this  army,  did  not  admit  of 
any  advantage  being  reaped  from  suc- 
cess. It  must  be,  however,  to  you,  to 
the  army,  and  to  our  country,  the  sweet- 
est reflection,  that  the  lustre  of  the  British 
arms  has  been  maintained  amongst  ma- 
ny disadvantageous  circumstances.  The 
army  which  entered  Spain,  amidst  the 
fairest  prospects,  bad  no  sooner  com- 
pleted its  junction,  than  owing  to  the 
multiplied  disasters  that  dispersed  the 
native  armies  around  us,  it  was  left  to  its 
own  resources.  The  advance  of  the  Bri- 
tish corps  from  the  Dnero  afforded  the 
best  hope  that  the  south  of  Spain  might 
be  relieved ;  but  this  generous  effort  to 
save  the  unfortunate  people  also  afforded 
the  enemy  the  opportunity  of  directing 
every  effort  of  his  numerous  troops,  and 
concentrating  all  his  principal  resources 
for  the  destruction  of  the  oidy  regular 
force  in  the  north  of  Spain.  You  are  well 
aware  with,  what  diligence  this  system 


has  been  pursued.  These  circumstance* 
produced  the  necessity  of  rapid  and  ha- 
rassing  marches,  which  diminished  the 
numbers,  exhausted  the  strength,  and  im- 
paired the  equipment  of  the  army.  Not- 
withstanding ail  these  disadvantages,  and 
those  more  immediately  attached  to  a 
defensive  position,  which  the  imperious 
necessity  of  covering  the  harbour  of  Co- 
runna for  a  time  had  rendered  indispens- 
able to  assume,  the  native  and  undaunted 
valour  of  British  troops  was  never  more 
conspicuous,  and  must  have  exceeded 
what  even  your  own  experience  of  that 
invaluable  quality,  so  inherent  in  them, 
may  have  taught  you  to  expect.  When 
every  one  that  had  an  opportunity  seemed 
to  vie  in  improving  it,  it  is  difficult  for 
me,  in  unking  this  report,  to  select  parti- 
cular instances  for  your  approbation.  The 
corps  chiefly  engaged  were  the  brigades 
under  Major-Generals  Lord  William  Ben- 
tinck,  Manningham,  and  Leith  ;  and  the 
brigade  of  guards,  under  Major-General 
Warde.  To  these  officers,  and  the  troops 
tinder  their  immediate  orders,  the  greatest 
praise  is  due.  Major-Gen.  Hill  and  Col. 
Catlin  Crawford,  with  their  brigades  on 
the  left  of  the  position,  ably  supported 
their  advanced  posts.  The  brunt  of  the 
action  fell  upon  the  4lh,  42d,  50th,  and 
81st  regiments,  with  parts  of  the  brigade 
of  guards,  and  the  28th  regiment.  From 
Lieut. -Col.  Murray,  quarter-master  ge- 
neral, and  the  officers  of  the  general  staff, 
I  received  the  most  marked  assistance.  I 
had  reason  to  regret,  that  the  iliness  of 
Brigadier-Gen.  Clinton,  adjutant-general, 
deprived  me  of  his  aid.  I  was  indebted  to 
Brigadier-Gen.  Slade  during  the  action,  for 
the  zealous  offer  of  his  personal  services, 
although  the  cavalry  were  embarked. 
The  greater  part  of  the  fleet  having  gone, 
to  sea  yesterday  evening,  the  whole  being 
under  weigh,  and  the  corps  in  the  em- 
barkation necessarily  much  mixed  on 
board,  it  is  impossible  at  present  to  lay 
before  you  a  return  of  our  casualties.  I 
hope  the  loss  in  numbers  is  not  so  con- 
siderable as  might  have  been  expected. 
If  I  was  obliged  to  form  an  estimate,  I 
should  say,  that  I  believe  it  did  not  ex- 
ceed in  killed  and  wounded  from  700  to 
800  :  that  of  the  enemy  must  remain  un- 
known ;  but  many  circumstances  induce 
me  to  rate  it  at  nearly  double  the  above 
number.  We  have  some  prisoners,  but  I 
have  not  been  able  to  obtain  an  account 
of  the  number;  it  is  not,  however,  con- 
siderable.    Several  officers  of  rank  have 


INTERE8TINQ    INTELLIGENT!-    FROM    Till     r    r-\>     \    SAflBTTM,      469 


fallen,  or  been  wounded  ;  among  whom     tl 

I  .mi  onl)  •''  pi-  --Hi  i  nabled  t"  lata  tl"-  '  that  the  si  |       i 


pames  <>i  Lit  ut,  < '  tl.  Napiei ,  92d  n  i 
incni.  M  >,•  i  Sapiei  and  Stanhop*  . 
regiment,  killed.  Lieut. -Col •  Winch, 
4th  reg.;  Lieut-Col  Maxwell,  20th  reg.j 
Lieut.-! 'ol.  I . > 1 1 . - .  .mIii,  ..  ,  ! ...  ii  i 
Griffith,  guards  j  Majors  Mi  I  lei  andWil- 
h  una  i,  81st  re g.  wounded.  To  you,  who 
IN  well  acquainted  with  the  excellent 
qualities  of  Lieut,  Gen,  Moore,  I  need 
not  expatiate  on  the  loss  the  army  and 
hi    country  have  sustained  by  Ins  death 


and  i: 
*  A'lin.i  :  ' 

.mill  r  Mow  n, 

Ii  "in  \  igo  mi  the,  I  '.ill  an>!  I 

J  be  v.  ith  some 

I 
■ 

route,  mi''' 

raid.     In  the  \  i<  in  i  •.  the 

cn<  my  I r.i  .   ii  hi 

i    lilt 


ilis  fall  btf  depi ived  me  of  .1  valuable 


'I  be  in  {hi 

ieral  em 

and, in-      1   ' 

attack.     At  thr<  e,  P.  H.    a      tsau 

till  di  '  y,   \\  !i'<  b    fa  1 

•    on   .1    !  ifiy    hill,   ' 
force  the  B 
if. 1    height,  and 

«MHII1\        1 

iter  ;   hut  •• 
that  tl  though  t. 

conimunicati  1  than 

that  sv  .1  -  : 

:    that 
Sir  I) 

officers,  and  many  men,  i  Killed 

ind  wound*  ol  war 

have   re<  1  ived   all  su<  h  of  the  latu 
they  could  a<  <  nmirn  emainder 

being  sent  1  ■  1 

is  now  .   and  the  1 

ol  embark  trion  are  great.    All  1 
the  rear-guard  are  embarked ;  1 
perhaps,  at  this  moment, 
The  enetm 
hill  overhai 

a  majority  of  the  Iraneperts  to  cut  01 
Embarkation  being  no  I  agar  practicable 
. 
ly   Bench.   IM  ir  the  light-In 
Supplement  to  thb  Loudon  Gazette     ;uk'  i:  ut,  if 


friend,  to  whom  long  experience  of  his 
worth  had  sincerely  attached  me;  but  it 
is  1  tin  fly  on  public  grounds  that  I  mual 
lament  the  blow,  (t  will  be  the  conver- 
sation ol  every  one  who  loved  or  re^i 
his  manly  character,  that,  atV  r  condu<  t- 
ing  the  army  through  an  arduous  retreat 
with  consummate  firmness,  he  has  ter- 
minated 1  career  of  distinguished  honour 
by  a  death  that  has  given  the  enemy  ad- 
diuon.d  reason  to  reaped  the  name  ol  1 
British  soldier.    Like  the  immortal  Wolfe, 

he  is  snitched  from  his  country  at  ah 
early  period  of  a  life  spt  nt  in  her  si  1  \  ice  ; 
like  Wolfe,  his  last  moments  \\<  re  gilded 
by  the  prospect  of  success,  and  (  hi  -  n  d 
by  the  acclamation  of  victor)  ;  like 
Wolfe,  also,  his  memory  will  Tor  .  •> 
main  sacred  in  that  country  which  he  sin- 
cerely loved,  and  which  he  had  SO  faith- 
fully served.  It  remains  tor  me  only  t«> 
express  my  hope,  thai  von  will  speedily* 
be  restored  to  the  sen  M  a  of your  country, 
and  to  lament  the  unfortunate  circum- 
stance that  removed  you  from  your  sta- 
tion in  the  held,  and  threw  the  momen- 
tary command  into  far  lea  aide  hands. 

I  have  the  honour  to  be,  fee. 

JOHM  Hot'!..  Lieut. -Gen. 
To  Lieut. -Gen.  Sir  D.  Buinl,  4 


ExTRAORDINABY,  TUBSOAT,  JaW.  9  V. 

ASmirmlty-office,  Jan.  2,4,  Copy  of  a 
letter  from  the  Hon.  Michael  DeCourcy, 
Bear-Admiral  of  the  White,  to  the  Hon. 
W.  W.  Pole,  dated  00  board  his  |d 
ty's  ship  theTonnant,  at  Cortmna,  the 
17th  and  ISth  instant. 

Jiin.  17. 
Sir, — Having  it  in  design  to  detach 
the  Cossack  to  England  as  soon  as  her    . 

boats  shall   cease   to   be  essential   to   th<  •  t-  .      ,    ,,         v    . 

...                  .       .  ille  de  Par;s,                                './t.tous, 

embarkation  oi  troops,  I  seize  a  moment  ■  Implacable,   EUsabetl 

to  acqbaint  you,   for  the  information  ol  K«.«c'.v.tion.  Audacious,  Endymio*,  Mad 

sup.  vol  i.  ?  a 


not  all,  will  still  be  embarked,  the  ships 

ilitate 
kation. 

Jar 
The  embarkation  i 
occupied  ii   .  [.art  ..t  1 

has  not  been  m  my  power  to  detach  the 
Cossack  It .  w  ith 

lion  I  am  able  to  add,  that,  in  con- 


470      INTERESTING    INTELLIGENCE    FROM    THE    LONDON    GAZETTES. 


sequence  of  the  good  order  maintained 
by  the  troops,  and  the  unwearied  exer- 
tions ot'  Commissioner  Bowen,  the  cap- 
tains, and  other  othcers  of  the  navy,  the 
agents,  as  well  as  the  boats'  crews,  manv 
of  whom  were  tor  two  days  without  food 
and  without  repose,  the  army  have  been 
embarked  to  the  last  man,  and  the  ships 
are  now  in  the  offing,  preparatory  to 
steering  lor  England.  The  great  body 
of  the  transports,  having  lost  their  anchors, 
ran  to  sea  without  the  troops  they  were 
ordered  to  receive ;  in  consequence  of 
which  there  are  some  thousands  on  board  ! 
the  ships  of  war.  Several  transports, 
through  mismanagement,  ran  on  shore. 
The  seamen  appeared  to  have  abandoned 
them,  two  being  brought  out  by  the 
boats'  crews  of  the  men  of  war ;  two 
were  burnt,  and  five  were  bilged.  I 
cannot  conclude  this  hasty  statement, 
without  expressing  my  great  obligation 
to  Hear- Admiral  Sir  Samuel  Hood,  whose 
fcye  was  every  where,  and  whose  exer- 
tions were  unremitted. 

M.  De  Couftcr. 
Hazy  weather  rendering  the  Cossack 
obscure,  I  detach  the  Gleaner  with  this 
dispatch. 


Ad  mi  rally -office,  Jan.  28,  1809. 

Franchise,  Port  Royal,  Dec.  1. 
Sir, — His  Majesty's  ships  Franchise, 
Aurora,  Daedalus,  Reindeer,  and  Pert, 
having  accidentally  met  on  the  10th  ult. 
and  conceiving  the  taking  of  the  town 
and  port  of  Sainana  would  facilitate  the 
operations  of  the  Spanish  patriots  block- 
ading the  city  of  St.  Domingo,  I  the  next 
morning  entered  and  took  possession  of 
the  harbour  without  any  opposition,  to- 
gether with  the  vessels,  agreeably  to  the 
lis:  which  I  have  he  honour  of  inclosing. 
I  have  very  sincere  pleasure  in  reporting, 
that,  in  addition  to  the  assistance  ren- 
dered our  allies,  I  have  every  reason  to 
suppose  the  commerce  of  his  Majesty's 
subjects  will  now  pass  unmolested,  as  Sa- 
nwna  was  the  last  refuge  for  the  host  of 
privateers  which  have  so  long  infes  ed 
the  various  passage  >  to  windward  of  St. 
Domingo  ;  particularly  so,  as  the  enemy 
were  in  the  act  of  erecting  batteries  for 
their  permanent  establishment,  which  had 
thev  been  completed,  would,  from  their 
posi  ion,  have  soon  rendered  the  place 
tenable  against  almost  any  force,  which 
might  attack  it.  I  have  allowed  the 
French  inhabitants  to  remain   on  their 


plantations,  and  assured  them  that  their 
persons  and  property  will  be  respected 
by  the  Spaniards;  for  which  purpose  I 
have  entered  into  an  agreement  with  Don 
Diego  de  Lira;  a  Spanish  officer,  and 
authorized  him  to  hoist  Spanish  colours, 
and  to  keep  the  place,  in  trust,  until  your 
further  pleasure  is  known.  I  have  sup-» 
plied  them  with  such  arms  and  ammuni- 
tion M  were  taken  in  the  privateers;  and 
Don  Diego  deems  himself  competent  to 
repel  any  force  which  the  common  ene- 
my might  be  enabled  to  bring  against 
him. 

C.  Dashwood,  Cant. 

Vessels  captured  by  his  Majesty's  ships 
at  Samana,  between  Nov.  10  and  17. 

French  schooners,  Exchange,  of  100 
tons,  5  guns,  and  1 10  men.  Guerrier,  of 
90  tons,  5  guns,  and  10-1-  men.  Diane, 
of  1  80  tons,  laden  with  fish,  &c.  French 
brig,  name  unknown,  of  100  tons,  laden 
with  hsh,  &c.  French  sloop  Brutus,  of 
50  tons  and  5  men,  laden  with  coffee, 
&c.  The  following  vessels  were  re- 
captured at  the  mouth  of  the  bay  by  the 
Reindeer  and  Pert,  Nov.  lb,  when  running 
for  the  harbour  :  English  ship  Jeannet, 
of  10  guns  and  185  tons,  from  London, 
with  bale  goods,  &.c.  Spanish  ship  St. 
Erasmo,  of  350  tons,  from  Malaga,  with 
wine,  bale  goods,  &c. 

C.  Dashwood,  Capt. 

This  Gazette  also  contains  an  account 
of  the  following  captures :  the  Colibry 
French  national  schooner,  of  3  guns  and 
o"3  men,  by  the  boats  of  the  Polyphemus, 
Capt.  W.  Price  Cumby  ;  one  marine  wa> 
killed.  Le  Vengeur  French  privateer,  of 
It)  guns  and  48  men,  by  the  Beagle, 
Capt.  Newcombe ;  and  La  Clarisse  French 
lugger  privateer,  pierced  for  14-  guns, 
only  three  mounted,  and  48  men,  by  the 
Indefatigable,  Capt.  Rodd. 


Admiralty-office,  Feb.  4. 
Letter  transmitted  by  Sir  A.  Cochrane, 
K.  B.  from  Capt.  F.  A.  Collier,  of  the 
Circe,  dated  off  St.  Pierre's,  Martinique, 
Dec.  14,  informs  him,  that  on  the  11th 
and  12th,  the  boats  of  the  Circe  and  Stork 
had  destroyed  a  brig,  La  Cygne,  of  18 
guns  and  i40  men,  and  a  schooner,  laden 
with  stores  for  the  relief  of  Martinique  ; 
and  that  another  schooner,  which  was  in 
company,  had  been  left  on  shore  bilged. 
The  loss  sustained  in  this  enterprize  wa3 
very  heavy,  amounting  to  12  killed,  31 
wounded,  and  26  missing. 


INTERESTING    INTELLIGENCE    PITOM    THE    LONDON    8AEETTEH.       471 


This  (;  i  '<  He   likewise  contains  M 
Count  of  the   capture,   by   his    M 
BBOOfl  otW.u    li.li He,  i.J   tin-  l'r.iuii  brig 
Ri-v.iiH  In-,    of   six    guns    and    furl  v-t«»ur 

men,  from  Bourdeausj  t « >  nindilowpt. 
with  pvoeiasons  for  tin-  rapport  of  tami 
Island  ;  also  of  tin-  A-lnunl  Villeret,  i 
French  Inter  of  n  iraue,  of  eight  nm 

(lour  of  n  liwli  she  threw  <>\  erhoard  in  the 

chace)  and  32  men,  from  Martinique  to 

Uourdcaux,  laden  with  sugar,  I  "l|e-\  and 
cotton.  I»v  the  <  ...re.  .  ( 'apt.  Spa IT  ,  ami 
:iUo  of  the  French  cutter  1'ommercml,  of 
)  I-  guns   and  in)   men.    by    his   Majesty's 

•hip  Shannon,  Capt,  Brooke. 


Admiralty  office,  /•'</■ .  11. 

Tins  (iazette  contains  a  letter  (Void 
Lord  (r.  Stuart,  captain  of  L'Aimable, 
dated  Teh  7,  announcing  the  capture  of 
Liru  French  national  2t-gun  ship, com- 
manded by  .M..iis.  Piquet,  capitaine  <\<- 
frigate,  hut  capable  of  carrying  12  gam, 
had  osaly  _H  when  taken,  22  24-pounder 
carronades,  and  J  long  twelve-,  and  I 
complement  of  I  PO  men.  She  is  onlv 
lOnionths  old,  copper  fattened,  and  in 
every  rcspert  Qualified  tor  his  Majesty's 
service.  We  had  only  two  men  slightly 
wounded;  the  enemy  l<M  two  killed  and 
eight  wounded. 


Admiralty  qtfue,  F<h.   \  |. 
This  Gazette   contains   a   letter    from 
Capt.  Schomberg,   of  the  Loire,   date  I  at 
sea,   the  'itli  inst.    stating  the   capture   of 
L.x    Hebe   French   national    ship  of  vV1, 
frigate  b'nlt,  mounting   13  2-fr-pounder 

carronades  and  2  kmg  twelves,  with  100 
men,  after  :u\  action  ofabeol  SO  in 
The  llehe  is  of  I  SO  tons,  was  hound  to 
St.  Domingo  with  006  barrels  of  lour, 
had  captured  three  vessels,  and  was 
man. led  bv  Mono.  Le  Bre  nnnieure. — 
Also  another,  from  Capt.  FVfaliag,  of  the 
Undaunted,  snnouncing  the  capture  of 
the  Sal  Joseph   copper    bottomed    priva- 

pierced  for  l  ^,  bat  mounting  only 

14  guns,  wiili  no'  men. 

fry  ejsce,  Fc/>.  21. 
This  < ,  contains  a  copy  of  a  letter 

from  Capt.   Newcgmbe,  of  the    i 
slo<p,  announcing  'he  capture  of  La 
tune  French  privateer,  of  l  V  guns    md 
M  men,  commanded  b.  Cap!  lin  i 
The  prize  was  from  Calais,  fi  id  made  no 
capture,  and  had  one  man  dangerously 
wounded. 


Ad  flee,  Mitrck  4-. 

A  letter  from  '    i|.'.  Worth,  ot  the   lb  - 
leiii,    .l.il,  ,1    al 

his  I.  mng  that  dav  t.O.f n  I.  \ 
St.  M.iloei,  armed  with  hvn 
gnus,  I  rels,  end  2  i  m< 

daj  s  w  ithout  making  any  «  em 


Admirali  1/      pf  7. 

I.<  H.r  from   Real  Admiral  Stoj 
.1  ited  <  !sh  o  .  Feb   27, 

Bir, — <  >n  th<    2'i  I  inxt.  bein^  al  an.  dor 

•o  the  \.  \v.  oi     a  I  h  is  n  ii  |i 
with  the  ship*  named  in  the  margin*,  the 
Aini-thx  st  looking  o.if  hi  the  N.  W.  the 
wind  being  to  the  •      m  ird.    those,  seal 

P     \I    1   oh  ■•  ■  the 

N.  W,  '|'i  titer,  a  hich  induced  me  I 
under  mil  and  stand  towards  tin  m.     Afl 

eleven    .'Ii.imI     v-veral     BtflMMX      s,n|     u, 

the  eastward,  to  which  I  gai  \\  itli 

the  squadron  until  daylight    next    a 
iug,  at  which  time  lie  -dips  m .  m 

standing  into  the  Pertuisd'Aptioche,  con- 
sisting  of  eight  s,ii  ,,t  the  line,  one  of 
them  a  three  decker,  and  two  t, 
Thev  hoisted   French  colours,   end  i  m- 
ceirtng  them  to  !>.■  the  squadron   from 
Brest,  I  mime  liately  detached 
l>v  signal  to  acquaint  Admiral  Lard  Uam* 
bier. —  The    Naiad   having  stood   i 
miles  to  the  N    W.  in  i  l<    thi    si  mal   for 
three  eat!  appearing  snspicio  s;  i 

diately   chased  I    the    siji 

under    my   command  the  ASM* 

thy*  and  Emerald  to  srafc  h  the  enemy), 
and  I  soon  ''a  n  to  be   three 

French  frig  '014  in  for  the  S 

d'Olonne  ;    I    was.it  the  sane  ftme  ■ 
by  the  Amelia  in    U    Lerel.  1 

■  j  having   am  ;i    ■■■!    in 
which  I  thoqgh 
n  ith  the  Caesar,  1 '■  fi  ux  e,  1  >■  1 
Amelia,   and  apt 

as  near  an  the  depth  <        .       n  nnld  per 
mil  th<  b        The 

Defiance  being  of  n  -         got  of 

.   anchored  m  khra  half  s   m.        f 
them  ;    in  wliic!. 
i!i-'i  I'.  Capt  riotha  n,    >he  lire 

ice  and  the  o  her  -h     -  _.  ,J  two 

gates 
on  shore.     The  ebb  •  1  the 

under  sail,  and    all   the   >h 
ut  ;  leaving  all  the  frigates  ashore, 
two  (if  them  heeling  m-.h.     THev  have 


•  Caes-r  Defiance. De  N»tJ. 

3  Q  9 


472      INTERESTING    INTELLIGENCE    FIIOM    THE    LONDON   GAZETTES. 


been  noticed  closely,  and  from  Captain 
Rodd's  report  yesterday  afternoon,  they 
appeared  with  all  their  top-masts  on 
deck,  saiib  unbent,  main-yards  rigged  for 
getting  guns  out,  and  several  boars  clear- 
ing them.  I  fancy  they  will  endeavour 
to  get  over  the  bar  into  a  small  pier,  but 
1  am  informed  by  the  pilots  that  it  is 
scarcely  practicable.  The  batteries  pro- 
tecting these  frigates  are  strong  and  nu- 
merous. The  Caesar  had  her  bowsprit 
wounded  and  rigging  cut.  The  Defiance 
has  all  her  masts  badly  wounded  ;  two  men 
killed,  and  '25  wounded.  Donegal,  one 
killed  and  six  wounded.  The  French 
frigates  had  been  out  from  UOrient  two 
days;  and,  by  Capt.  Irby's  report,  ap- 
pear to  be  the  Italienne,  Calypso,  and 
Furieuse.  I  am  very  confident  they  will 
never  go  to  sea  again.  My  chief  object 
in  attacking  these  frigates  so  near  a  supe- 
rior force  of  the  enemy  was,  to  endeavour 
to  draw  them  out,  and  to  give  our  squa- 
dron more  time  to  assemble;  but  in  this 
I  was  disappointed.  I  returned  to  the 
Chassiron  at  sun-set,  and  observed  the 
enemy  anchored  in  Basque  Roads.  On 
the  2.5th,  I  was  joined  by  Capt.  Beresford 
in  the  Theseus,  with  the  Triumph,  Re- 
venge, Valiant,  and  Indefatigable.  I 
therefore  resumed  the  blockade  of  the 
enemy's  ships  in  Basque  Roads,  and  shall 
continue  it  till  further  orders.  The  ene- 
my's force  consists  of  1 1  sail  of  the  line, 
four  frigates,  and  the  Calcutta.  The 
force  under  my  command  consists  of  seven 
sail  of  the  line  and  five  frigates. 

R.  Stopford. 
Extract  of  a  letter  from  Capt.  Soymour, 

of  11.  M.  S.  Amethyst,  to  Rear- Admiral 

Stopford,  dated  near   Chassiron,  Feb. 

27. 

Yesterday,  the  26th,  the  whole  weigh- 
ed from  Basque  Roads,  and  proceeded  to 
the  Isle  d'Aix  anchorage,  one  frigate  ex- 
cepted, which  run  aground  on  the  shoals 
near  Isle  Madame, called  LesPalles;  and, 
after  endeavouring  to  force  her  oil'  by 
press  of  sail,  she  failed,  and  unrigged. 
The  enemy  are  anchored  from,  to  the 
.van!  of  the  lsk'  of  Aix.  to  the  north- 
ward of  the  end  of  the  Boyart,  with  top- 
gallant-yards across,  but  not  in  a  line  of 
battle,  or  apparent  order  of  defence  ;  and, 
I  conclude,  gone  in  from  not  knowing  our 
force  :  but,  seeing  our  number  increased, 
they  have  a  third  cable  bent  to  the  an- 
chor in  the  main  chains,  and  stopped 
along  their  side.     No  movements  to-day. 


A  dm  ira  Uy  -  office,  Ma  rch  II. 

Letter  transmitted  by  Vice-Admiral 
Lord  Collingwood,  in  a  letter  expressive 
of  his  lordship's  admiration  at  the  gal- 
lantry and  ability  of  Lord  Cochrane  in 
the  service  it  alludes  to,  to  the  Hon.  W. 
YV.  Pole,  dated  on  board  the  Ocean,  at 
Malta,  Jan  26". 
lmpcrieuse,  Bar/  of  Rosas,  Dec.  5,  1803. 

My  Lord, — The  fortress  of  Rosas  being 
attacked  by  an  army  of  Italians  in  the 
service  of  France,  in  pursuance  of  discre- 
tionary orders  that  your  lordship  had 
given  me,  to  assist  the  Spaniards  wher- 
ever it  could  be  done  with  the  most  effect, 
I  hastened  here.  The  citadel,  on  the  22d 
ult.  was  already  half  invested,  and  the 
enemy  making  his  approaches  towards 
the  south-west  bastion,  which  your  lord- 
ship knows  was  blown  down  last  war  by 
the  explosion  of  a  magazine,  and  tumbled 
into  the  ditch:  a  few  thin  planks  and  dry 
stones  had  been  put  up  by  the  Spanish 
engineers,  perhaps  to  hide  the  defect. 
All  things  were  in  the  most  deplorable 
state,  both  without  and  within;  even 
measures  for  their  powder,  and  saws  for 
their  fuses,  were  not  to  be  had — hats  and 
axes  supplied  their  place.  The  castle  of 
Trinidad,  situated  en  an  eminence,  but 
commanded  by  heights,  was  also  invested; 
three  24-pounders  battered  in  breach, 
to  which  a  fourth  was  afterwards  added  ; 
and,  a  passage  through  the  wall  to  the 
lower  bomb-proof  being  nearly  effected, 
on  the  23d  the  marines  of  the  Fame  were 
withdrawn.  I  went  to  examine  the  state 
of  the  castle;  and,  as  the  senior  officer  in 
the  bay  had  not  officially  altered  the  or- 
ders I  received  from  your  lordship,  to 
i^ive  every  possible  assistance  to  the  Spa- 
niards, I  thought  this  a  good  opportunity, 
by  occupying  a  post  on  which  the  ac- 
knowledged safety  of  the  citadel  depend- 
ed, to  render  them  an  effectual  service. 
The  garrison  then  consisted  of  about  80 
Spaniards,  and  were  on  the  point  of  sur- 
rendering;  accordingly  I  threw  myself 
into  it,  with  .50  seamen  and  30  marines 
of  the  Imperieuse.  The  arrangement 
made  I  need  not  detail  to  your  lordship. 
Suffice  it  to  say,  that  about  1000  bags, 
besides  barrels  and  palisadoes,  supplied 
the  place  of  walls  ana  ditches  ;  and  that 
the  enemy,  who  assaulted  the  castle  on 
the  30th  with  a  thousand  picked  men, 
were  repulsed,  with  the  loss  of  their  com- 
manding officer,  storming  equipage,  and 
all  who  attempted  to  mount  the  breach. 


MVTEREITINCI    INTEL!  rilOM    flir,    LOUDON    OAZBTTE4 


Lord  ( '"■  In. mi-  continui  i  to  obi    i 
that,  [ios  i    li.i\  111  •  -mi rendi  red,  th 
ther  defem  •■  ol  the  <  .1  tl'-  of  1 1  iiinl.nl  be- 
nmi  nseli    ■  and  impt  a<  •  i<  able,  and  thai 
be  therefore  exploded  the  mug  laines,  and 
i  lit   <>ll   the    people.     lli->   lordship 

praises  the  conduct  of  Captains  II. ill  and 
Collins,  two  Spanish  officers;  and  <<t 
1 ,11  ut.  .Inli!)  ion,  of  the  na\  v  ;  1 1" 
the  marines;  Mr.  Uurney,  Lodwisk, 
1 1,  Sto>  in,  and  M  n  \  at.  Three 
marine*  were  killed  on  this  service ;  and 
four  seamen  and  three,  marines  wounded. 
The  Spaniards  had  two  killed,  and  live 
wounded. 


Extract  of  a  Utter  from   R         \dtm\rml 
S      -      ■',    (Intel    Cttsar,    m    a 

eh  '_'. 
The  enemv'a  Bhips  remain  al  Isle  d*Aix. 
<  )n  thi  igi  ly  i  ii  onn 

m  the  Caasar,  and  >nlv  counted  ten  tail 
of  the  line,  four  fri  ite  .  and  the  Call 
The  eleventh  ship  of  the  line  wag  observ- 
ed "ii  her  beam  ends,  n  ith  all  ber 
gone,  and  apparently  bilged.  She 
grounded  upon  the  shoal  called  Lea 
ralles,  within  L'Isle  d'Aix,  and  is  the 
aame  ship  mentioned  in  my  letter  of  the 
27 tli  ultimo,  sii|h  osed  lis  <  'apt,  Seymovr 
to  have  be  n  i  fi  ite.  From  many  cir- 
cumstances, I  apprehend  this  ship  is  the 
Warsaw,  a  new  eighty.  There  are  two 
rear-admirals'  Hags  and  a  broad  pendanl 
M  the  main.  One  rear-admiral  is  on 
board   the  three  decker.    The  enemy's 

tes  remain  at  the  Sables  d'Olonne. 
One  of  them  i-  abandoned  by  the  Grew, 
and  bilged  upon  the  beach  ;  another  i^ 
ii  uil<  H  up  close  to  the  opening  of  a  small 
iti!»  t.  but  grounding  every  tide  ;  and  the 
third  is  in  the  s.uiie  situation,  but  not  so 
w<  nr  the  inlet.  These  two  last  appear  to 
;  hiLrh  water,  hut  are  on  their  beam 
ends  at   low   water:    a  western  swell, 

h  h  -  <rt  in,  wHl  completely  destroy 
them.  The  loss  of  a  French  line-of  battle 
ship  is  confirmed  by  the  masters  of  three 

■  rs  which  came  out  of  the  Charente, 
atui  were  boarded  in  the  night  bv  our 

tes;  but  they  did  not  know  her 
name.  1  send  this  account  to  England  by 
the  King  George  gutter,  and  a  similar  re- 
port tor  the  information  of  Admiral  Loud 
Gambier,  m  the  event  of  the  latter  falling 
in  with  his  lordship  en  her  pest 


a  letter  Prom  ( 
■loop,  annoum  • 

in  t.  oil  til,   -    iw,  o|   ii,.    , 

\  ilb' 

iy,  with  i 
I'  the  Lord  N  i 

by  Sir  J.  B.  Warn  n,  from* 
of  the  Fern  Oct 

■ 
••!  I  i  I '•  ■  une  pi i\ ateei  m  hoom  r,  a 
pounder,  and  i 

frecn 
Martinique,  and  ba 
Al  .->  from  ('apt.  E.   I  law  lu  r,  •  •: 
lampus,  il  ited  Jan.  S  ■»,  annoancin 
capture,  <>n  the  l(Hh,  in  lai    . 

'.  of  th-    1  rent  hi       I     «    iil>n. 
Mons.  Deslandes  commander,  ■ 
2  i  pounder    t  arronedi  %   and     K    m<  n, 
three  ofn  horn  urn  kilh  d,  and  a  li< 
nam  and  eleven  wound*  <l, 
of  lur  having  the  a  the 

Melampus/a  fire  w  In  n  fan 
She  i-  quiti  f  flour  and 

gunpowder  rbr  tin-  relief  ofS 

and  had  tall  >k  two  I  n_    -Ii  1  »n tr-. 

ii-  ni  \ru  foundland  ami  Lisbon  ('he  Han- 
nibal and  Prist  ilia  ol  I  '      ;       .th). 


.      ::ra!ty-pfice,  Marc- 
\         \  gtas  has  trans  dm 


Downing-ttn 
low  m  j  dispatches  ha\  t  this  day  l»  i 
from  Lieut. -G<  n.  Be  kv*  ith,  i 
mander  ol  1  the 

Lei  a  ard  [stands,  a  I  Ires*  d  to  L  rd 
count  I 

Martinique,  Feb.  I . 
My  Lord, — In  my  I  had 

the  lv  tiour  to  n  port  to  vour  lordship  the 
sailing  of  the   army   from  Carlisle 
the  28th  nit.     I  have  now  the 
faction  to  acquaint  vour  lord-hip,  th 
landed  in  two 

•Midi:  the  ordi  rs  of  Lieut. 
Gen.  Sir  <  1 .]  ween 

0  and  7000  men,  at  Bay  Etebi  rt 
the  windward  - ••  tst,  in  the  cour>e  of  the 
afternoon,  without  opposition :  ami. 
withstanding  the  difficulties  of  the  coun- 
try, w  i  on  on  the  banks 
of  the  Grand  Lesard  river  before  dav- 
break  oftiie  Slit,  with  a  c.  i ;  -  i  f  nearly 
40CK")  men,    afti  r  a  niuht  march  of  I 

•   untnr. 
sen  ices  i  I   v  v  the 

judicious  and  m 

w  ho 
led  into  the  bold  and  officer- like 


474      INTERESTING    INTELLIGENCE    PROM    THE    LONDON"   GAZETTES. 


manner,  preceded  by  his  Majesty's  brig 
Forester,  Capt.  Richards.     The  exertions 
and  success  of  this  measure  were  com 
pletely   effective,    two   transports    only 
striking  in  the  narrow  passage  at  the  en- 
trance of  i lie  bay.   Hitherto  we  have  ex- 
perienced no  resistance  from  the  militia  of 
the  country  ;  and  they  manifest  a  dispo- 
sition   every  where    to   return   to   their 
homes,    in  conformity  to  a  joint  procla- 
mation by  the  admiral  and  myself,  which 
is  obtaining  a  very  extensive  circulation. 
The  second  division  of  the  army,  consist- 
ing of  upwards  of  '>000  men,  under  the 
command  of  Major-Gen.  Maitland,  land- 
ed near  St.  Luce  and   point  Solomon  on 
the  morning  of  the  30ih  ;  but,  as  our  com- 
munication with  that  corps  is  not  yet  es- 
tablished, I  cannot  enter  into    any  de- 
tails.    Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  G.  Prevost,  with 
the  advance  in  my  front,  will  take  pos- 
session  of  the  heights  of  Bruno  in  the 
course  of  this  day,    and  I  am  led  to  ex- 
pect will  there,  for  the  first  time,  feel  the 
pulse  of  the  regular  troops  of  the  enemy. 
The  port  of  Trinite,  which  lies  beyond 
the  line  of  our  operations,  will,   by  order 
of  Capt.  Beaver  of  the  navy,  be  taken 
po-session  of  this  day,  by  a  detachment 
of  seamen  and  marines  fiom  the  squadron 
to  windward,  under  the  command  of  Capt. 
Dick  of  the   Penelope.      The   admiral, 
with  the  body  of  the  fleet  and  store-ships, 
is  in  the  vicinity  of  Pigeon  Island,  at  the 
entrance  of  Fort  Royal  Bay.     Our  ope- 
rations to  windward  have  been  vigorous 
and  effectual  in  point  of  lime ;  and  the 
privations  of  the  troop*  have  been  consi- 
derable, and  borne  in  a  manner  worthy 
of  the  character  of  British  soldiers. — From 
what  has  passed,  I  am  of  opinion  the  in- 
habitants of  the  country  manifest  a  friend- 
ly disposition ;  and   after  the  heights  of 
Surirey  shali  be  carried,  which  I  expect 
will  be  strongly  contested,  the  campaign 
will   be   reduced  to  the  operations  of  a 
siege,  and  the  defence  of  the  fortress. — 
The  services  rendered  by  the  captains  and 
officers  of  the  navy  to  windward   have 
been  great  and  essential,   and  the  exer- 
tions of  Capt.  Withers  of  the  navy,  prin- 
cipal agent  for  transports,  peculiarly  me- 
ritorious. 

(^f.o.  Bf.ckwtth,  Com.  Forces. 

Martinique,  Heights  of  Surirey,  Feb.  5. 

Mv   Lord, — In   my   letter  of  the   1st 

inst.  I  had   the  honour  to  report,  for  his 

3I1' -'sty's  information,   the  progress  then 

made  in  our  operations  against  the  ene- 


my.    My  expectation  that  Lieut.-Gen. 
Sir  G.  Prevost  would  meet  them   upon 
Morne  Bruno,  and  that  the   heights  of 
bunrey  would  be  warmly  contested,  was 
realized  in  the  course  of  the  same  day  ; 
and  both  were  carried  under  the  direction 
of  the  lieutenal-general   with  that  deci- 
sion and  judgment  which  belong  to  this 
respeciabie  officer,  and  much  to  the  ho- 
nour of  Brig-Gen.  Hoghton,  the  officers 
and  men  of  the  fuzdeer  brigade  and  light 
battalion,  engaged  on  that  service.     On 
the  2d,  it  appeared  to  me  to  be  desirable 
to  extend  to  the  right  of  our  position; 
which  was  effected  in  a  spirited  manner 
by  the  King's  infantry.     An  exertion  was 
then  made  to  carry  the  advanced  redoubt; 
but,  having  soon  reason  to  believe  that  it 
would   have  been   acquired  with  a  loss 
beyond  the  value  of  the  acquisition,  the 
troops  were  withdrawn  ;   and  the  enemy 
abandoned    it    during    the    night,    with 
another   redoubt  contiguous  to  it,   with 
evident  marks  of  disorder  :  both  will  be 
occupied    and  included    in  our  position 
this  night.     Pigeon   Island    surrendered 
at  discretion   yesterday,    which  enables 
the  shipping  to  enter  Fort  Royal  Bay  ; 
all  the  batteries  on  the  Case  Naviere  side 
have  been  destroyed  and   abandoned,  a 
frigate  and  some  other  merchant  vessel* 
burned,  the  lower  fort  abandoned,  and  all 
their  troops  withdrawn  from  Fort  Royal 
to  the  principal  fortress.     I  consider  the 
investiture  to  be  nearly  completed,  and 
we  must  now  look  for  the  operations  of  a 
siege.     Time  does  not  admit  of  details  ; 
but  your  lordship  will  perceive  that  these 
operations  have  been  effected  in  eight  days 
from  our   quitting  Barbadoes,    notwith- 
standing heavy  rains  and  most  unfavour» 
able  weather,  in  which  the  troops  have 
borne    every  species  of  privation    in  a 
manner  worthy  their  character  as  British 
soldiers. 

Geo.  Beckwith,  Com.  Forces. 

Camp,  Heights  of  Surirej/,  Martinique* 
Feb.  It). 

My  Lord, — Having,   in  my  communi- 
cations of  the  1st  and  3th  instant,  sub- 
mitted  to  your  lordship's  consideration 
general   reports  of  the  operation  of  the 
!  army  I  hare  the  honour  to  command,  I 
!  now  be s  leave  to  inclose  the  special  re- 
i  ports  ot  the  general  officers  commanding 
!  divisions,   and    of  Brig. -Gen.    Hoghton, 
I  whose  brigade  was  in  action  upon  the 
■  1st;    with  separate  returns  of  our   loss 
I  upon  thy  1st  and  2d,  which,  I  am  inclined 


IHTEFIE3TI21Q    I.NTELLIG  FNCF.    1**011    THt     I 


to  believe,  will  terminate  001  operation* 
in  the  field.  The  kmei  i •  >i t ,  (brmerh 
Fort  Edward,  eras  taken  poaseaoion  of 
before  dat  break  in  the  morning  of  the 
^ih.  I>\  Majoi  Henderson,  commanding 
tii»  Roj .ii  Vork  R  uij  •  i..  with  thi 
■lent,  without  resistance,  and  en  now  <  e« 
enpy  thai  work  St,  Pierre  orrendV  red 
to  Lieut-Col.  Barnes,  ol  the    unh,  the 

before  vesterda)  ;  end   I   d  i 
j  ci  i.-.  eiveel  the  details.     In  the  u>uim> 
e(  ill  tin  ■  where  the  <><  ■ 

T" i'  the  navy   was  practicable,   the 

greatest  exertion)  bare  I  t<  n  made  by  the 
rear-admiral;  and  the  important  advan- 
■  rendered  on  shore  by  that  excellent 
othcer  Commodore  Cockborn  in  the  re- 
daction "i  Pigeon  bland,  and  the  landing 
cannon,  paoi  tai  t,  end  immunition  at  Faint 
Negroe,  ami  conveying  them  to 
veral  batteries  on  that  side,  hare  I 
tin-  highest  importance  tu  the  King*!  >(.<  - 

vice. 

Oto,  Bickwith.  Com.  I 

Martinique,  Jlei^hts  s/Serirey,  Feb.  2. 

Sir, — In  conformity  with  yonr  orders, 

I  disembarked  on  the  SOth  iilt.  with  the 

niaileer  brigade  of  the  first  division  of 

tin-  army,  .a  Malgre   Tout,  in  the  Bay 

Kohert,   at    lour  o'clock    I'.  M.  and    pro- 
ceeded Iron  thence  to  De  Manceau'a 

estate,  where   I    -arrived    late,   in  i 
quence  of  the  difficulties  of  the  country, 
and   the   unfavourable   state  of  the   mads 
for    the    movement    of  cannon.       I 

the  dawn  of  the  im  m  day,  I  reached  Pa- 
pin's,  and  proceeded  from  thence  with 
the  advance,  composed  of  the  royal  fu- 
*ileer  regiment,  and  the  grenadier  com- 
pany of  the  IstW.  I.  regiment.  The 
enemy  retiring  before  me,  I  reached  the 
heights  of  De  H»ik's  estate  toward*  even- 
ing, where  I  was  joined  at  day  -light  on 
the  1st  inst.  by  Brig. -Gen.  Hoghton,  with 
the  23d  resr.  and  the  light  infantry  bat- 
valion,  under  the  command  of  Major 
Campbell  of  the  K.  \V.  I.  Rangers.  I 
lost  no  time  after  this  junction,  and  [.'idled 
forwards  the  Hon.  I  :Vut.  Col.  Pakenham. 
with  the  royal  fosileers,  to  possess  him- 
self of  Morne  Bruno;  tins  movement  I 
supported  by  the  light  infantry  battalion, 
under  Brig. -Gen.  Hoghton,  who  was  or- 
dered, after  uniting  the  two  corps,  to  pro- 
ceed to  force  the  heights  of  Desfour- 
rreaux,  whilst  I  held  the  royal  Welsh  fa- 
sti leers  in  reseive.  to  strenoihen  such 
■points  of  attack  as  might  require  it.  On 
my  coming  on  the  heights  ofSurirey,  I 


■  had  i; 
jodgO  I  I  '    .;.      I.  • 

■ 

jndicii  •       '        i 

and  M 

m  royal  V- 1 

■ 

en. J.I.  .In-  . 

"on  a  ry,  within 

of  the  i 

w  nli 

nd  ectii  ity  dm  in:-  the  h<  el  of  the 
action,     l  i  nt  the 

Capt.   Taylor,    acting    di  arter- 

mastei  -general, si  ho 
ed  nrhilsi  n  ndering  effectual 
ins  country  .    I  i  inn 

■     I . 
engine*  i     I     a  indi  bted  for  the  rapidity 
of  our  mo- 

from  Ins  ai  e  with  tfa 

which   enabled   him  to   guide  and 

our  movements. 

< ■)  0    Pi  IVO    I :  .   I 

m  of  killed,  wounded,  a 

of  tkt   dmsion    under    the   CO 

idemt.-G       9ir  G.  i         t,  r*  the  action 

of  the  \.'t  Feh.      1  captain, 
rank  and  file,    killed  ;    1    i  sub- 

alterns, 5  Serjeants,  I  drum  men, 
1  -3  rank  and  file,  wounded  ;    | 
■nt,    13  rank  and    file,    l 
Officer  killed,  (.'apt.  Taylor,  of  the 
fmrileen,  acting  deputy  quart* 
general. — Officers  vooumded,  Capt  (»led- 
stam  i,  of  the  3d  West  India  light  inf 
Lieut.  Johnson  of  the  fourth  ditto;  Lieut. 

Jackson,  of  the  rifle  company  roj  ■]  W.  I. 

rangers.      Lieut,  Gihnoor,    of  the    \S.\V. 

I.  regiment,  taken  prhn :■■ 

Return  of  killed,  wounded,  and  m. 
m  the  :  m  of  the  ir  viy,  up 

heights  of  Sttrm  i  field  i 

1  captain,  3  Serjeants,  43  roi 
stills  d  ;   2  field  ■  '■■'..  •  n,  J  Ca:  I  \  OS,  -  sub- 
alterns,   1  stall",   3  Serjeants.    1    • 
1 26 rank  and fde,  mining. — O^vn  •.. 
Bth  reg.  M  got  Maxwell,  I 
Capt.  Sinclair.    .  -Peers 

wounded.  7th  reg.  Hoi  -.ker.- 

ham.  Captains  fiowe  and  Cholwic  V;  23d 
ditto.  Lieut.  Roskelrj 
Light  batt.  B  mpbeH,  of  the 

.    Lieuu  Hopwo.   I 
Staff  Capt.  Coore,  aid-de-camp  to]     K*> 
Gen.  SirG.  Prevosf,  slisrhtry. 


476        INTERESTING    INTELLIGENCE    FROM    THE    LONDON    GAZETTES. 


These  dispatches  also  include  two  let- 
ters from  Brig. -Gen.  Hoghton  and  Major- 
General  Maitland  to  the  commander  in 
chief,  stating  generally  the  success  which 
has  attended  the  corps  under  their  com- 
mand, in  execution  of  ilie  orders  assigned 
them.  The  division  of  the  latter  officer 
had  occupied  on  the  8th  Feb.  the  position 
at  La  Coste,  above  Point  Negroe,  which 
completes  the  investment  on  the  west  side 
of  the  island. 

This  Gazette  also  contains  dispatches 
from  Rear- Admiral  Cochrane,  detailing 
the  operations  of  his  squadron  up  to  the 
5th  Feb.  in  conjunction  with  the  forces 
under  the  command  of  Gen.  Beckwith, 
against  Martinique.  The  admiral  ob- 
serves, that  the  enemy  destroyed  the 
Amphitrite  frigate,  the  Carnation  brig,  a 
corvette,  with  other  shipping  in  the  har- 
bour, when  they  found  no  other  means 
remained  to  prevent  their  falling  into  our 
hands.  He  also  states  his  intention  of 
moving  the  squadron  to  the  Fort  Royal 
side  of  the  bay,  so  as  to  embrace  the. 
double  view  ot  an  early  communication 
with  the  head -quarters  of  the  army,  and 
affording  the  supplies  necessary  for  the 
siege  of  Fori  Bout  bun  on  both  sides.  He 
concludes  with  bearing  testimony  to  the 
ardour  and  zeal  of  the  captains  and  crews 
of  the  vessels  under  his  command. — Also 
inclosures  from  Captains  Pechell  and 
Maude,  of  the  Cleopatra  and  Jason  fri- 
gates, to  Admiral  Cochrane,  dated  Jan. 
23,  announcing  the  capture,  from  under 
the  battery  to  the  southward  of  Point 
Noir,  of  the  French  national  frigate  To- 
paze,  carrying  48  guns  (18,  24-,  and  36- 
pounders),  with  a  complement  of  300 
men,  commanded  bv  Monsieur  Lahalle. 
She  was  from  Rochefort,  had  700  troops 
on  board,  who  escaped  on  shore,  and  a 
supply  of  tlo-ur  for  the  French  colonies. 
The  prize  had  12  killed,  and  14  wound- 
ed; the  Cleopatra '2  killed,  and  1  wound- 
ed. Great  paise  is  bestowed  on  Captain 
Cameron,  of  the  Hazard  sloop,  for  the  ex- 
ertions he  made  to  engage  her  before  the 
frigates  c  ame  up. 

Admiralty-office,  March  28. 
Extract  of  a  letter  from  Capt.  M 'Kin- 
ky, of  the  Lively,  to  the  Hon.  W.  W. 
Pole,  r'iated  Villagarcia,  March  15. 

I  'oeg  leave  to  state  to  you,  for  the 
information  of  my  lords  commissioners  of 
the  Admiralty,  that,  since  my  last  letter 
of  the  6th  inst.  (which  I  had  the  honour 
of  transmitting  by  the  Statira)  on  the  7  th 


inst.  a  body  of  French  troops  entered  the 
towns  of  Carril  and  Villagarcia;  and, 
having  killed  some  old  men  and  women 
whom  they  saw  in  the  streets,  and  set 
fire  to  a  few  houses  of  the  people  whom 
they  judge  inimical  to  them,  they  re- 
treated toPaden.  On  the  9th,  a  party  of 
80  infantry  and  four  cavalry,  under  the 
command  of  three  officers  from  Ponte- 
vedra,  entered  Marin  ;  but  a  fire  being 
opened  on  them  from  this  ship,  and  the 
Plover,  and  the  carronade  from  the 
launch,  they  made  a  most  precipitate  re- 
treat :  the  commanding  officer  on  a  good 
hoise,  and  the  four  cavalry  benefiting  by 
their  being  mounted,  left  their  compa- 
nions, who  outrunning  their  officers,  a 
captain  and  lieutenant  fell  into  the  hands 
of  the  Spaniards,  who  delivered  them  to 
me.  It  is  with  the  most  heartfelt  satis- 
faction that  I  can  with  confidence  assure 
their  lordships,  that  the  spirit  of  the  Gal- 
licians  is  aroused  to  the  most  enthusiastic 
ardour,  governed  by  a  cool  and  deter- 
mined courage,  which  the  feelings  of 
loyalty  and  patriotism  naturally  inspire  ; 
and  they  confidently  look  for  aid  to  the 
generosity  of  the  British  government, 
speedily  to.  succour  them  with  arms  and 
ammunition,  to  enable  them  to  succeed 
in  the  glorious  and  just  cause  which  they 
have  undertaken,  to  expel  the  perfidious 
invaders  of  their  country.  The  enemy 
is  much  distressed  by  a  malignant  fever; 
not  less  than  two  cart  loads  are  buried 
daily  from  the  head-quarters  at  St.  Iago  : 
the  military  governor  and  commanding 
officer  of  artillery,  with  a  number  of 
other  officers,  have  fallen  victims  to  it. 
Skirmishes  daily  take  place  between  the 
peasants  and  the  enemy,  which  renders 
their  procuring  provisions  both  difficult 
and  harassing,  and  many  fall  victims  to 
fatigue.  In  this  j>erpetual  warfare,  the 
enemy  invariably  suffer;  particularly  on 
the  2d  inst.  when  1 03  Frenchmen  were 
pillaging  the  convent  of  St.  Bernardo  de 
San  Claudio,  where  Don  Bernardo  Gon- 
zales, with  32  Spaniards,  attacked  them, 
took  many  horses  laden  with  pillage ; 
and  only  IS  of  the  enemy  escaped.  On 
the  9th,  10th,  and  11th  instant,  the 
French  attacked  the  peasants  of  Deza  and 
and  Trasdeza,  sustained  by  those  of Banos 
and  Tabeiros,  and  were  obliged  to  retreat, 
with  the  loss  of  1 1 4  men  and  an  officer. 
The  appearance  of  his  Majesty's  ship  has 
very  much  gratified  the  Spaniards,  who 
ate  incessant  in  their  praise  and  gratitude 


• 


to  thi   I  ml  nt.     ' ': 

•  i  ii  the    1 1th 
let)  ii  i  Martin,  thi  : 

i  .1  ;  luil  I,  '  'l  ii.- 

foi  n  .in. ii  to-d  ■  divi  ■!■  ii  "l  thi 

ii  ii m\ .  und<  r  the  i 
Marqui    d<   \  alladan   ,  ed  on 

th«     i  i  ill    !•■.     Mai  h  ,i    ■ 
sun  e  retired       '  >    .  and  ordi  n  'I  .'II  bu 

•li  i. H  In K  in  the  \  icinit\   ol    Vi 

join   Inn;   by  fon  ed    man  nea ;   1   would 
Dot,  th<  Hi  "H-,  detain  hi  i  lonj 

I  :uii  (  .1  ..    |V] 


Admiralty-office,   April  I.     This  G 
kette  annoura  i  -  the  capture  of  thi  l 
letter  i.r  marque  L'Iphigenie,  pien 
is  guns,  and  20  m<  n,  b\  the  1  i  mi  hise, 
<';i|»t.    D  ishwood  ;    and    also    I  i   < lobe 
Mouche   Imperial  corvette,   pierced  IV » i- 
K2  gnus   and  80  nun,   by  the  Nereide, 
t  'apt.  i !orl  i 


uming'Strcet,   April   12.      Captain 
\ ,   Ud-de  camp  to    I  ieut.-<  !em  ral 
.-..  I'h.  commander  of  hi  i   M 
tmops  in  the  Leewanl  Islands,  ai  i 

'clock  this  day,  with  dispal 
drt ss< d  to  lord  Castlereagh. 

The  first  dispatch  from  Lieut-General 
Beckwith,  dated  Feb.  15,  i-  merely  to 
transmit  some    inclosurea   from   Major* 
General    Maitland,  relative  to  the  Bur- 
render  of  the  town  and  post  nt*  St.  Pi<  rre 
(Martinique),  and  tin-  accounts  of  some 
other  operations  of  mini  r  impoi  I  mce. 
fkad-quartcrs,  Martiniqu 
My  Lord, — In  my  Utter  of  the   15th 
inst.  I  bad  the  h<  oour  to  transmit  to  your 
londship  the  details  >  f  our  operations  to 
the   l  lili  preceding.     From  tl 
until  the  li'th,    we  were   in  ■:  eni- 

ployed   in  the  construction  ol   gun  and 
mortar  batteries,  and  in  the  landin  > 
lion,  mortars,    and  b 

ammunition  and  stores;  indi  iggingthem 
to  the  several  points  selected  by  the  en- 
gioeersj  and  in  the  completion  of  the 
works,   and  in  mounting  the  onto 
The  exertions  of  Comm  kburn 

and  other  naval  officers  under  his  orders 
upon  the  right,  and  of  Captains  i 
and  Nesham  of  the  navy   upon  tl. 
in  forwarding  these  services,  weri 
conspicuous.     Tin    enemy,    during 
interval,    fired  noon   our  encampments 
with  shot  and  .-hells,  but  fortunately  with 
little    effect;    and    his    piqi 
Sup.  Vol.  J. 


■ 
1 

i 
I 

with    ! 

little 

W  III  II 

h  nil  a 

la<  I..  1-|    'I,,  .    ,  I 

ciation,  1  n  nch  I 

ire   mi  v  H  ■  ,n;wJ- 

•ardmi  ol 

without  iir- 

the  '-'  lth,  w  Ik  n  il.it  .•   w  i. 

dis<  o\  ered  : 

Of  W  hit  ll.  '■!,,    tile    tl'   ; 

immediati  !i  the 

:         ! 

honour  to  n  >ur  lordship,  I 

Majesty's   information,    that, 
by  tie 
in  parti<  ular  ol 

and,    the 

■   IK  I     .-11  I  21 

t  and  unremitting  labour 
of  thi-  am  •  rtheni  d  by  the  inde- 

\ 
Cochrane    and   I  ran,    the    • 

notwithstanding  ii 
een  I  oclu- 

:i  the  sh< 
our  departure  ii 

inand   ot*  such   an   army   will  constitute 
the    pride   of  my   future 
brave  I 

expt  rience,   and  on  I    i"  mi .  thi  ir   I 
and  country  owe  the 
important  i  : 

comparison  of  tl  nded 

it,   and   the  time    in  which  it 
the  on 

expedition. — L  have  I 

the  ai : 

produced  by  ti 

in  CODE  .  . j>pli- 

cation  to  me  for  this  purpose,  dunn: 

:i  of  •.be  •.. .,!  .  and  acc«  U  d 
LieuU-Gen.  •".:  '■■  i 

iid,     and    '  'urn, 

appointed  by  tin 

self  to  meet    them.     This  capitulation, 
which  was  mutually  ratified   die 


4TS      lXTPUEMING    INTELLIGENCE    fftoM    fHE    LONDON    GAZETTE?. 


ferent  calibres,  38  ;  iron  ditto,  147  ;  how- 
itzers, mortars,  and  carronades,  35  ;  bar- 
rels  of  gunpowder,  1730;  round  shot, 
181,432;  shells,  0324;  cases  of  grape - 
shot,  2970;  with  an  immense  quantity 
of  muskets,  cartridges,  carriages,  am- 
munition, tools,  &c.  &e.  found  in  the 
ordnance  arsenals. — During  the  whole  of 
the  operations,  815  men  have  been  ad- 
mitted into  the  hospital  of  Martinique, 
either  wounded,  or  afflicted  with  fevers, 
fluxes,  &c. ;  out  of  which  number  34 
have  died,  320  have  been  cured  and  dis- 
charged, and  40'0  remain  in  the  hospital, 
but  are  likely  to  do  well.  Eleven  officers 
have  been  admitted  into  the  hospital  of 
wounds,  two  of  whom  were  mortally 
wounded ;  Major  Maxwell,  8th  regi- 
ment, and  Captain  Taylor,  Acting  Quar- 
ter-Master-General: Major  Campbell 
has  been  discharged;  the  others  are 
doing  well. 

This  Gazette  also  includes  dispatches 
from  Rear-adm.  Sir  A.  Cochrane,  brought 
by  Capt.  Spear,  of  the  Wolverine.  They 
merely  state,  that  the  French  troops 
were  to  be  embarked  in  eight  days 
(March  2)  in  transports,  and  conveyed 
to  Europe  by  the  Belleisle  and  the  Ulys- 
ses. The  admiral  speaks  in  high  terms 
of  the  zeal  and  gallantry  of  Captains  Bar- 
ton, Nesham,  Brenton,  and  Spear;  and 
generally  of  all  the  officers  and  men  em- 
ployed on  this  service.  Six  seamen  were 
killed ;  ten  badly,  and  nine  slightly 
wounded. 


night,  will,  1  trust,  be  honoured  with  his 
Majesty's  approbation.  1  inclose  also  a 
return  ot  the  French  garrison,  which,  it  is 
supposed,  will  be  in  a  state  to  embark  in 
the  course  or' a  few  days;  from  which  it 
will  appear  that  1  did  not  over-rate  the 
original  numbers  of  the  enemy.  By  the 
next  conveyance,  1  shall  have  the  honour 
to  submit  to  your  lordship's  consu'  oration, 
the  various  details  which  arc  now  referred 
to  in  general  terms,  and  to  report  the 
merits  of  the  several  corps ;  but  the 
science  of  the  officers  of  the  Royal  Ar- 
tillery has  been  too  conspicuous  not  to  be 
particular! v  noticed,  the  interior  of  the 
enemy's  fortress  being  torn  to  pieces  by 
shells:  his  works  have  also  been  much 
injured  by  shot  from  the  gun-batteries, 
manned  by  the  seamen  unocr  the  direc- 
tion of  Commodore  Cockburn  and  other 
naval  officers.  After  the  embarkation  of 
the  French  troops,  I  shall  have  the  ho- 
nour to  command  the  Eagles  taken  from 
the  enemy  to  be  laid  at  the  King's  feet. 
Captain  Preedy,  of  the  90th  regiment, 
one  of  my  aides-de-camp,  has  the  honour 
to  be  the  benrer  of  this  dispatch  :  he  is 
an  officer  of  service,  and  I  beg  leave  to 
recommend  him  to  his  Majesty's  favour, 
and  to  your  lordship's  protection.  I  an- 
nex the  following  returns — Ordnance, 
ammunition,  and  stores,  taken  from  the 
enemy  ;  provisions  in  the  fortress,  with 
the  daily  issues  ;  the  King's  hospitals. 
Geo.  Beckwi th,  Com.  Forces. 
The  articles  of  capitulation,  twenty  in 
number,  then  follow.  The  first  stipu-  \ 
lates  that  the  garrison  shall  be  embark; :d  Admiralty-office,  April  12,  1800. 

in  proper  vessels  as  prisoners  of  war;  that  |  Copy  of  a  letter  from  Capt.  G.  M' Kinky, 


they  shall  proceed  to  Quiberon  Bay,  un- 
der guard  of  some  English  ships  of  war. 
There  an  exchange  shall  take  place  be- 
tween the  two  nations,  rank  for  rank ; 
but,  from  the  high  respect  and  esteem 
with  which  his  Excellency  the  Captain- 
General  Villaret  Joyeuse  is  held  by  ail, 
it  is  admitted,  that  himself  and  his  aide;- 
dc-camp  shall  be  sent  to  France  free  from 
any  restriction.  The  other  articles  pro- 
vide for  the  security  of  such  of  the  colo- 
nists as  may  choose  to  continue  on  the 
island,  and  also  relate  to  a  variety  of  mi- 
litary arrangements  with  respect  to  the 
stores  and  embarkation  of  the  garrison, 
which  are  stated  to  consist  of  two  general 
officers,  12  superior  officers,  141  officers, 
1611  petty  officers  and  soldiers,  and  242 
marines.  Then  follows  a  return  of  ord- 
nance and  stores,  viz.   brass  guns  of  dif- 


vf  II.  M.  S.  Lively,  to  the  Hon.  IV.  IV. 

Pole-,  dated  on  board  that  ship,    Vigo. 

the  29th  of  March,   ISO". 

Sir, — In  consequence  of  a  letter  I  re- 
•  ceived  at  Yiilagarcia  from  Captain  Craw  - 
;  ford,  of  the  Venus,  off  Vigo,  informing  me 
'  that  the  loyal  peasantry  were  in  consi- 
derable force  -<uound  the  castle  and  town 
of  Vigo,  and  that  the  presence  of  another 
frigate  would  very  much  contribute  to 
I  the  surrrendcr  of  that  fortress,  I  joined 
'  him  on  the  evening  of  the  23d  instant. 

The  next  morning  I  went  to  the  head- 
\  quarters  of  Don  Joao  de  Almada  deSauzo 
:  e  Silva,  fc  ho  commanded  the  patriots.  At 
1  the  instant,  a  summons  was  sent  to  the 
'  governor  of  Vigo  to  surrender  at  discre- 
j  lion,  which  led  to  a  negotiation  between 
I  him  and  the  French,  which  continued 
J  till  the  26th,  when  Don  Pablo  Murillo, 


IMTERBITIKQ    IMTELLIGEMCl    P10M    mr.    |  0AZITT1I.      47J 


i  ..mm  hi  I'  ■ 

men,  compo  ed  ol  i I  soldiers  in  thii 

province,   an  n  ed,   and  sent   in  I    Dm 

to   nrrendi  p.     In  <  on  equ<  i 
winch,  on  the  follow ;    ,  daj . 
wet i  brou  hi  ''ii  board  bj    Don   Pablo 
Mm  ill",  ;m  companied  by  thn     I 
officers.     The  answers  to  tin  tn  were  de- 
livered to  the  n  al     P  M.  bj  ( !apt.  <  Yaw  - 
ford,  who  <  oncluded  1 1 1 « -   capitul 
and  the  w  hole  of  the  garrison, 
of  a  colonel,  1 5  offii  •  i  -.  and  abool  I  ">  or 
1  l-  hundred  men  wen  embarked  thi 
morning. 

Ithould  be  wanting  in  every  fe<  li 
mi  officer,  w  ere  1  noi  •••  ledge  thi 

liberal  attenl  ion  and  /<  aloai  sen  ii 
Capt.  <  'im'a  ford. 

It  i,  also  mosl  grai ifj  ing,  thai  1  am 
enabled  to  inform  you  of  tin  spirit  and 
determination  of  the  Spaniards  to  expel 

from  their  Country,  the  invaders  r>t'  all 
that    is  dear  to  a  brave  and  loyal  people. 

Nn  doubt  of  success  could  have  arisen, 
had  the  eneim  per  isted  in  holding  out, 

from    the    able    and    prompt    conduct  of 

Don  Pablo  Murillo,  and  the  good  ordi  r 
of  his  troops,  die  trongesl  proof  of  his 
zeal  in  the  jusl  cause  of  his  king  and 
country  ;  and  the  ardour  of  the  peasantry 
ui  beyond  all  description. 

J  have  the  honour  to  be,  &c. 

Geo.  M'KiM.r.v. 
The  Hon.  Vice- Admiral  Berkeley,  . 

By  the  term-  of  capitulation  the  gar- 
rison of  Vigo  were  to  march  out  of  the 
forts  with  the  honours  of  war,  to  the 
glacis;    there  to  surrender    themselves 

prisoners  of  war,   and  tO   be  conveyed  to 

an  English  port.  Their  exact  number 
wis.  14)  officers;  958  inferior  officer! 
privates fh  forduty;  SOOsick;  making 
a  total  ol'  [304—  '.  ::  horses,  62  car- 
riages, covered  waggons,  and  cut-,  and 
the  military  ch<  st,  containing  I  I 
tVaius,  tell  into  the  hands  of  thi 

Another  letter  from  Captain  M'Kin- 
lev,  ol  il<  He  date,  announces,  that 
while  the  I  orison  were  embark- 

ing,  a  French  detachment  from  Toy  tor 
the  relief '<  f\  .■>.  amounting  to ScH),  was 
attacked  and  totally  routed  by  Don 
Pablo  .Murillo. 


Admiralty-office,  April  1  5,  1  S09. 
Capt.   James  l.ma-  Yen.    of  his  Ma- 
jesty's ship  the  Confiance,    has,  with  his 
letter,  dated   at  (.'avenue,    the  9th  Feb. 
last,   transmitted    to   the   Hon.   William 


Weill  iley 

\  <  1 1 1 1 .  Sir  William  Sidnej 
tailing  lition 

.  i  i|i<-  ab(  ■ 
lie 

1 
Lieut. •<         Manuel   Marw  i 

P  ■'  ■  "    '  ; 

the  disi  0   apok,  ai  i  >'h 

of  the  i  uiie  month,  w ith  the  Conl 

and  a    Portl 

duced   thai  ol   Approaque;  Capt. 

h<  r  w  ith  thi   lieut.-<  ol.   | 
to  the  ait. ii  k  of  the  islan 
with    the    Confiance,     two    I 
sloops,  and  some  smaller  vr-i  Is,    I 
on   board  5  JO  Portug  h  c  troops.     The 
follow  ing  is  a  <  opj  of  Capt  V 
on  this  subject  i 

His   Maji  ity*i  ihlp  Coat  i 

1 1  ii  boar,  I  tii  J  -ui   i 
Sir, — Mv  las'  letters  to  jroo,  as?  the 
26th  nit .  inform*  d  j  •  d  of  tie 
the  Portuguese  troopt  it  Appro  que.  "i 
the  ith  mat,  it  w a   determined 
t  'ol.   Manuel    Marqui  i  and 

island  of  (  a\  em.  I  the 

tn  oj.s  were  embarked  00  boatd  the 

-.  amounting  to  5  50,    and  i 

nun   and    marine-    fit  ID    the    <  'out; 
and  a  parte  of   marine-  from  tl 

and   Infante  brigs.     <  m  the  morn 

the   Oth,  all  dropt  into  the  mouth  ol  the 

i  i\ .  r.     In  the  i  vening,  1  ,  with 

10  canoes  and  about  250  men, 
vow  to  gain  possession  of  two  bsiti 

the  one,  Fort  Diamant,  which  com: 

the  entrance  of  the  river  Mahuree  ;   the 

other.    Grand     Cane,     commandite.:    the 

great  road  to  the  town  ofCayenni  •    'The 

vessels,  with  the  remainder  of  the  ti 

I  entrusted  to  Captain  Salgado,  of  the 

Voador,   with  orders  to  follow  me, 

dusk,     to   anchor    in    the   month  of   the 

nvi  r   Mahuree,    and  wait  unti 

the    before-mentioned    batteries;    • 

on  my  making  the  signal  >.  ho 

was   to   enter  the   river,  and    disembark 

with  all    possible  dispatch.     I   re.         i 

Point  Mahuree    at    three    oYh  ck 

morning,   with   five    canoes;   the    0 

being  heavy,  could  not  keep  on.     We 

then  landed  in  a    bay  hall  I 

the    two    batteries.       The    - 

great,  that  our  boats  soon  went  to  p 

1  ordered  Major  .1"  t  piim  Manuel  Pinto, 

with  a  detachment  of  PortUgW 

to  proceed  to  the  left,  and    take   I 

S  B  8 


4S0      INTERESTING    INTELLIGENCE    FROM    THE    LONDON    GAZETTES. 


Cane;  while  myself,  accompanied  by 
Lieutenants  Mulcaster,  Blyth,  and  Read, 
(of  the  royal  marines),  Messrs.  Savory, 
William  Taylor,  Forder,  and  Irwin,  pro- 
ceeded to  the  right,  with  a  party  of  the 
Confiance's,  to  take  Fort  Diamant,  which 
was  soon  ia  our  possession,  mounting  two 
2 1  and  one  brass  9 -pounder,  and  50 
men.  I  am  sorry  to  add,  that  Lieut. 
John  Read  of  the  royal  marines,  a  me- 
ritorious young  officii  r,  was  mortally 
wounded,  as  also  one  seaman  and  five 
marines,  badly-  The  French  captain  and 
commandant,  with  3  soldiers,  killed,  and 
-t  wounded-  The  major  had  the  same 
success  :  the  fort,  mounting  2  brass  9- 
pounders  and  4-0  men  :  two  of  the  enemy 
were  killed.  The  entrance  of  the  river 
being  in  our  possession,  the  signal  agreed 
on  was  made,  and  by  noon  all  were  dis- 
embarked. At  the  same  time,  1  received 
information  of  Gen.  Victor  Hugues  hay- 
ing quitted  Cayenne  at  the  head  of  1000 
troops  to  dispossess  us  of  our  posts.  Our 
force  being  too  small  to  be  divided,  and 
the  distance  between  the  two  posts  being 
great,  and  only  12  miles  from  Cayenne, 
it  was  determined  to  dismantle  Fort 
Diamant,  and  collect  all  our  forces  at 
Grand  Cane.  I  therefore  left  my  first 
lieutenant,  Mr.  Mulcaster,  with  a  party 
of  the  Conhance's,  to  perform  that  ser- 
vice, and  then  join  me.  On  arriving  at 
Grand  Cane,  I  perceived  two  other  bat- 
teries about  a  mile  up  the  river,  on  op- 
posite sides,  and  within  half  gun-shot  of 
each  other;  the  one  on  the  right  bank, 
called  Treo,  on  an  eminence  commanding 
the  creek  leading  to  Cayenne  ;  the  other, 
at  the  opposite  side,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  creek  leading  to  the  house  and  plan- 
tation of  Gen.  Victor  Hugues,  and  evi- 
dently erected  for  no  other  purpose  than 
its  defence.  At  three  o'clock  1  anchored 
the  Lion  and  Vinganza  cutters  abreast  of 
them,  when  a  smart  action  commenced 
on  both  sides  for  an  hour ;  when  finding 
the  enemy's  metal  and  position  so  supe- 
rior to  ours,  the  cutters  having  only  four- 
pounders,  and  many  of  our  men  falling 
from  the  incessant  shower  of  grape-shot, 
I  determined  to  storm  them,  and  there- 
fore directed  Mr.  Savory  (the  purser)  to 
accompany  a  party  of  Portuguese  to 
l«nd  at  Gen.  Ungues'  battery;  at  the 
lime  proceeding  myself,  accompa- 
nied by  Lieut.  Blyth,  my  gig's  crew,  and 
a  party  of  Portuguese  troops,  to  that  of 
Treo;  and  though  both  parties  had  to 


land  at  the  very  muzzles   of  the  guns, 
keeping  up  a  continual  fire  of  grape  and 
musketry,  the  cool  bravery  of  the  men 
soon  carried  them,  and  put  the  enemy  to 
flight:  each  fort  mounted  two  brass  nine- 
pounders  and  .30  men.     This  service  was 
scarcely  accomplished  befure  the  French 
troops  from  Cayenne  attacked  the  colonel 
at  Grand  Cane.  Our  force  was  then  much 
dispersed;    1  therefore,   without  waiting 
an  instant,   ordered  every  body   to  the 
boats,    and  proceeded  to  the  aid  of  the 
colonel,    who,  with  his  small  force,   had 
withstood  the  enemy,  and  after  a  smart 
action  of  three  hours,  they  retreated  to 
Cayenne.     At  the  "same  time,  250  of  the 
enemy  appeared  before  Fort  Diamant ; 
but  perceiving  Lieut.  Mulcaster  prepared 
to  receive  them,  and  imagining  his  force 
much  greater  than  it  was,  they,  on  hear- 
ing the  defeat  of  their  general,  followed 
his  example.  There  was  vet  the  strongest 
post  of  the  enemy's  to  be  taken,  which 
was  the  private  house  of  General  Victor 
Hugues  :    he  had,  besides  the  fort  above- 
mentioned,  planted  before   his  house  a 
field-piece  and  a  swivel,  with  an  hundred 
of  his  best  troops.     It  is  situated  on  the 
main,  between  2  and  3  miles  in  the  in- 
terior, at  the  end  of  an  avenue  the  same 
length    from  the  river ;  on  the  right  of 
which  is  a  thick  wood,  and  on  the  left  the 
Creek  Fouille.     I  have  also  to  remark, 
that  there  is  nothing  more  appertaining  to 
government,   or  for  the  defence  of  the 
colony.     On  the  morning  of  the   8th  I 
proceeded,  accompanied  by  Lieut.  Mul- 
caster, Messrs.  Savory  and  Forder,  with 
some  seamen  and  marines  of  the   Con- 
fiance,  and  a  party  of  Portuguese  troops, 
'  with  a  field-piece,  to  take  the  said  post; 
bat  as  my   only  object  was  to  take  the 
troops  prisoners,  by  which  the  garrison  of 
Cayenne   would   be  much  weakened,   I 
dispatched  Lieut.  Mulcaster   in  my  gig 
with  a  flag  of  truce,  to  acquaint  the  offi- 
cer commanding,  that   my  only  object 
was  to  take  the  post,  for  which  I  had  force 
sufficient ;  and  though  I  might  lose  some 
men  in  taking  it,  there  could  be  no  doubt 
as  to  the  result :  I   therefore  requested, 
for  the  sake  of  humanity,    he  would  not 
attempt  to  defend  a  place  not  tenable  ; 
but  that  I  was  determined,   if  he  made  a 
useless  resistance  in  defending  a  private 
habitation,  against  which  I  gave  him  my 
honour  no  harm  was  intended,  I  should 
consider  it  as  a  fortress,  and  would  level 
it  to  the  ground,   The  enemy's  advanced 


INTERESTING   INfftLLIGEKdE   PAON     I  n  i     I 


guard  allowed  the   II 

:i  t Ik  in  w i  li  n  •  11  jilt.  tbi  n 

Bred  two  eaU  d. 

I  !  I;  but  ivili  i  I  rig  it  w  I 

sihlc  thia o  •  I  fipona  the 

I 
Lieut.  Mu 

ln>  approaching  thi  I  i  ■!  the 

i       I  inding  :>ll  I  0   nun 
•v  incfi'ei  tual,  \  el  w 
to  preset  \<-  the  pi  ii 
i)  i al  officer,  who  was,  p<  i ha| 
and  intiot  ent  oi  i  er'a  condi         I 

to  the 
office i  with  the  same  message,  who  re- 
tail ned  will  n .  thing  I 
had  to  <  i  be  in  w  riting  ; 
at  the  ail  he  fin  d  his  field 
as  i  •■  . :!  t<>  his  troops,  w ho  w<  re  in 
arnbush  on 

. ,    and   w<  ll-di  i 
fire  from  his  fie  Id -pi  I      honse.     ft 

m  t  i  have  a<lv  mi'  i  d   with 
my  field-p  finding  he  had  made 

jses  m  the  i  ad,  an 
being  lined  with  musketry,  not  a  n 
whom  we  i  wld  so  ,  and  tin  fit  Id  piece 
in  front,   I  or  l<  red  ours  to  he  thrown  into 
a  fosse,  w  li'  n  our  mi  n,  w 
vanced  with  pike  and  bayonet,  took  ihe 
enemy's  ur'm :    they  •  I  into  the 

house,  and  kept  op  a  sm  ir(  fire  from  the 
windows;  but  on  our  entering  they  flew 
through  the  back  premisi  sinto  the  wood, 
firing  as  they  retreated.  Every  thing 
was  levelled  with  the  ground,  except  the 
habitation-;  of  the  slaves.  Asm 
information  that  aboi  i  nemy 

were    '•       I      ike  ]         «ion  of  B< 

Plain,  on  the  i  mmence  which  com- 
mands the  roads  to  and  from  Cayenne,  it 
was  determined  between  the  lieuti 
colonel    and    myself  to  bo  beforehand 
with  the  enemy,  and  march  our  i 
force  there  direct.     We  gained  the  situ- 
ation of  tl  "ii  the  9th 
the  l<uh  Lieut.  Mult  ister  and  a  Portu- 
i    officer  ;  I  lo  Mikillis), 
were   sent  into   the   town  with    a   sum- 
mons to  the  general.     In  the  evening 
compaqied  by 
Victor  Efugu<  s!  aid-de-camp,  requ 
an  armistice  for  J  '.  I 
articles  of<                  n  :  this  b> 
ed,    and   hostages   exchanged,   on 
11th,   the  lieutenant-c  alonel    and  D 
met   the   general,   and   partly  arranged 
the  articles  ;   a   second   meeting  on   the 
morning  of  the  12th  fuially  fixed  them , 


rriarini 

di  w  n  ilu  ii 

on    tin 

•  •mil. ii  kid  on  !>>■  ird   the    ■ 

1:1    Inn. 
till"    , 

mcorpi 

.    in  the  n 
It    is    widi    |!  I 

throughout   the  <  xpi  Jit 
■  ii  in  .      .  i    ihe 

Por  ug  i<   '•  and  I  I 

expei  i'  in  i  d  i hi  most  fi  ic 
with  Lii 

i 

•  i  a  /.<  ai 
and  I   I         I  iuld    do   him    an   inju 

'■' •«  n   I  to  withhold  my  testimony  i  . 
merit.      [must    also  ai  ■'..  .   with 

satisl  i 

ii/,   who  |;md(  d  tl 
marines;    and   indeed  every    individual 
belonging  to  tie  rjuadron. 

It  has  always  been,  with  the  I 
gratihta!u.ii  to  my    I 
had  to  mention  •'  ■  conduct  of  the 

officers,  seam<  n,  and  i 

tour  to    <  ;  but 

during  iirneofmj 

.     w  itni  S84    I     BUI  11    i 

ii  solution  as  'hey    have  • 

mm<  n< »  mem  of  the  (  i 
ane. 
I 
meiidatinnii 

ertions  he  was  particularly  indebted,  and 
concludes  thus:] 

\-    tO    •  D   and    marines,    all 

i  falls  short  of  their 

merit:    from   the    15th   December 

m  ithcr 
aid  lainy ; 

the  tin  the  surrender  of 

_  lie. 

I   have  the  honour  to   incl  - 
ment  i  ndcJ  on  board 

the  Confiance  (l  ball  wounded); 

ordnance, 

>  !   and 

i  nch, 

tin   ana   15  ;  ..  and 

2  >  v.  oun  - 


482    I.NTCnCSTl.VG    INTELLIGENCE   from    the    LONDON'   gazettes. 


I  have  now,  Sir,  the  happiness  to  con- 
gratulate you  on  the  final  success  of  the 
expedition,  and  I  trust  the  steps  I  have 
taken  will  ensure  me  your  approbation. 
I  am,  &c.  J.  L.  Yeo. 

To  Rear-Adro.  Sir  William  Sidney  Smith, 

K.  S.  Comiuandcr-in-Chief,  &c. 

According  to  the  articles  of  the  capi- 
tulation, the  garrison  were  to  march  out 
with  their  arms  and  baggage,  and  all  the 
honours  of  war  ;  then  to  lay  down  their 
arms,  and  engage  not  to  serve  against 
the  Portuguese  and  their  allies  during  one 
year. 

Vessels  to  be  furnished  at  the  ex- 
pence  of  his  Highness  the  Prince  Regent 
of  Brazil,  to  carry  the  garrison,  the  of- 
ficers, civil  and  military,  and  all  those 
employed  in  the  services,  with  their  fa- 
milies and  effects,  direct  to  France,  with 
as  little  delay  as  possible. 


Copy  of  a  letter  from  Admiral   Young, 

commander  in  chief  at  Plymoutli,  to  the 

Jlon.  W.  IV.  Pole,  dated  the  ISth  inst. 

Sir, — I  have  great  pleasure  in  trans- 
mitting, for  the  information  of  the  Lords 
Commissioners  of  the  Admiralty,  the 
copy  of  a  letter  from  Captain  Sevmour, 
ofH.  M.  S.  Amethyst,  to  Admiral  Lord 
Gambier,  giving  his  lordship  an  account 
of  the  Amethyst  having  taken  another  of 
the  enemy's  frigates. 

lam,  &c.  \V.  Yovng. 

Amethyst,  offVshant,  April  12,  1809. 

My  Lord, — I  have  very  sincere  plea- 
sure in  acquainting  von  of  the  capture  of 
lie  Niemen,  a  fine  new  Trench  frigate  of 
44-  guns,  '29,  of  which  are  IS-pounders 
on  the  main-deck,  and  310  men,  cop- 
per-f.i*tened,  two  days  from  Verdun 
Roads,  with  six  months  provisions  and 
naval  stores  on  board,  and  bound  to  the 
Isle  of  France  ;  commanded  by  Mons. 
Dupotet,  Capitaine  de  Frigate,  a  distin- 
guished officer,  who  defended  his  ship 
with  great  ability  and  resolution. 

At  eleven  in  the  forenoon  of  the  5th 
instant,  wind  at  east,  Emerald  north 
within  signal  distance,  Cordovan  bearing 
E.  by  X.  42  leagues,  a  ship  was  per- 
ceived in  the  E.  S.  E.  coming  down, 
steering  to  the  westward,  which  hauled 
to  the  S.  S.  E.  on  making  us  out.  She 
was  immediately  chased,  but  at  twenty 
minutes  past  eleven  we  lost  sight  of  her 
and  the  Emerald,  and  had  not  gained 
on  the  chace. 

After  dark  the  Amethyst's  course  was 


shaped  to  meet  the  probable  route  of 
an  enemy:  at  half  past  nine  we  crossed 
one  ;  but  though  within  half  gun  shot  at 
eleven,  from  which  time  till  one,  the 
bow  and  the  stern  chasers  were  exchang- 
ing, her  extraordinary  sailing  prevented 
our  effecting  anv  thing  serious.  From 
one  till  past  three  A.  ML  on  the  oth,  the 
action  was  severe,  after  which  the  ene- 
my's main  and  mizen-masts  fell,  his  fire 
became  faint,  was  just  silenced,  while 
our's  continued  as  lively  as  ever,  when 
the  Arethusa  appeared ;  and  on  her  fir- 
ing, he  immediately  made  a  signal  of 
having  surrendered  ;  and  proved  to  be 
the  same  frigate  recommended  to  my 
notice  in  your  lordship's  order  of  the  9th 
ult.  She  fell  on  board  us  once  in  the 
contest:  she  had  47  killed  and  73  wound- 
ed. The  main  and  mizen-masts  of  the 
Amethyst  fell  at  the  close  of  the  action, 
and  she  had  8  killed  and  37  wounded. 

To  render  just  praise  to  the  brave  and 
admirable  conduct  of  every  officer  and 
man  of  this  ship's  company  (of  whom  two 
officers  and  :37  men  were  absent  in  prizes, 
the  prisoners  from  which,  69,  were  on 
board),  I  am  perfectly  unequal.  The 
great  exertions  and  experience  of  the 
first  lieutenant,  Mr.  YVni.  Hill,  and  Mr. 
R.  Fair,  the  master,  I  am  particularly 
indebted  to.  Lieuts.  Mainwaring  and 
Prytherch,  of  the  royal  marines,  deserve 
my  best  thank*. 

The  prize's  foremast  fell  next  day,  and 
I  left  her  in  tow  of  the  Arethusa,  who 
afforded  us,  in  every  instance,  the  most 
prompt  assistance  ;  and  by  Capt.  Mend's 
desire  I  write. 

In  justice  to  a  most  vigilant  officer,  I 
have  to  observe,  that  from  the  Emerald's 
situation,  even  Captain  Maitland's  skill 
would  not  avail  him  in  getting  up  to  the 
enemv  ;  and  the  darkness  and  squally 
weather  in  the  early  part  of  the  night 
precluded  all  hope  of  his  keeping  sight 
of  the  Amethyst 

I  have  the  honour  to  be,  &c. 

M.  Seymour*. 
Ri"ht  Hon.  Lord  Gambier,  §c. 


Admiral  Lord  (iambicr  has  transmitted 
to  the  Hon.  W.  W.  Pole,  a  letter  from 
Captain  Adam,  of  H.  M.  S.  Resistance, 


*  Captain  Srymour  has  since  been  created 
a  barouet  of  the  united  kingdom — a  distinc- 
tion honourably  earned  by  tbe  gallantry  he  has 
shewn  on  many  occasions 


.■  Bfl  TING    INTELIGENCI     FnoM    mi     I      *        ' 


yi\  iii  •  nt  ni'  the  d< 

]  rem  li     .11  in.il    U  hoOIM  i     and     ■     I 

mil « t ,    111  the  ]>"ii    of  A'i<  bote, 
Cope  .M.H  bit  i' ",  on  tin-  Bth 

its  of  thai  -liip,  undi  r  tin 
din  '  nou  of  Lieut.  <  loi  bj  n,  e  bo  bad 
previou  ried   a    batter) 

wliu  h  t  ommanded  the  harbour. 


]  A.M..  .•.(,,,...!  .  •  UY. 

Admiralt  \prii  21,  I E 

Sir  I  l;irr\    N.   lie,   Bait.  II  to 

Admiral  Lord  Gambier,  commander-in- 
chief  of  Ins  Majesty's  ships  and  v< 
employed  in  the  Channel  Soundini 
arnyed  here  this  morning  with  a  dispati  h 
from  his  lordship  tu  the  I  Ion.  W.  W 
of  which  the  following  is  a  copy : 

i  i  Inn    hi    Kl 

\|.i  .1  i  :.   . 

Sir, — The   Almighty's   favour  ti»   bis 
ty  and  the  nation  has  1>»  i  n  ati 
marked  inthe  met  i  m  be  has  been  pl< 

i  e  to  iln  opt  i  atii  ns  <i'  b 
fleet  under  my  command;  and  1  have  the 
satisfaction  to  acquaint  y<  the  in- 

formation ft'  the  li  rds  >  ommissioi  i 
the  Admiralty,  that  the  four  ships  of  the 
enemy  named  in  the  margin*,  bavi 
destroyed  at  their  anchoragi  ;  and  n 
others,  from  getting  on  shon  .  if  not  r<  n- 
dered   al  i  isen  i<  i  able,    are   at 

disabled  i  derable  time. 

The  arrangement  of  the  fire-vi 
placed  under  the  direction  of  <  .  |  itain  the 
Right  Hon.  Lord  Cochrane,  were  made 
as  wily  as  the  state  of  the  wreath*  .  f 
admit,  according  to  Ids  lordship's  pit 
t  .  evening  of  the  I lth  instant;  and  al 
eight  o'clock  on  the  same  nigbl  they  pro- 
ceeded to  the  attack  under  a  favourable 
strong  wind  from  the  northward, and  flood 
tide  (preceded  by  some  m  Bsels  tilled  with 
powder  and   shells, 

lordship,  with  a  view  to  explosion),  and 
led  Ota  in  the  most  undaunted  and  deter- 
mined manner  by  Captain  Wooldridge, 
in  the  Mediator  ore -ship,  the  *  then  fol- 
lowing in  succession;  but,  owing  to  the 
darkness  of  the  night,  several  n 
their  coon  ed. 

( >n  their  approaching  :■»  th< 
ships,  it  was  discovered  that  a  boo 
placed   in  front  of  their  line,   for  a  de- 
fence.    '"Ids,  however,  tl 
Mediator  soon  broke,  and  the   u\»ual  in- 

*  Villc  do  Vmrsoi  it . 
of  74  guns;    Aquiloo,   of   74    guu> 
cutta,  of  5o  guns. 


trepidit)  and  bi 

■!.  i  ..  i 

■  I    \     .    i     '.    I . 

i  wlin  h  cot  01  »lipp<  d  tin 
and  from  the  ui  ■ 
on  ih<  re,  and  tl 

At  ■  the    folk  i.mtf, 

■ 

• 
wen  <  it   ihon  ,  and  mil  bt  I  • 
I  immediate!)    made  tin  For  the 

ill  ( t  t<>  pin:  ■  or,    id  \\<  .  !i.  .n't  no" 

pi I  with  i  toeflcct  tl 

I  be  wind  la  wever  1  b  fn  m  'i  e 

northward,  am 

too  hazardous  to  ron  inl< 

: 

aboul  thn  e  mi  >  the 

island. 

A^  the  tale  raited,  the  • 
great  activity  in 

their  ships   (which  had  grounded)  into 
deep  water,  I 

but  five  of  the  line  towards  tl  •   i 
of  the  Charanti 

le  to  attack  th<  DD. 
I  gavi 
V        nt,  to  pro<  i ■-  d  v»  ith  thai 

small  ves- 
sels named  in  il  i  i  :  near 
the  B03  arl  Shi  al,  in 

tack.     At  twenty  mi  two  P.  M. 

Lord  Cochran  in  the  It. 

ease  with  1 
spirit,   and. 

opon  the  Calcutta,  whicll  •  er  co- 

loon  to  the  Imperieuie.     '1  b< 
d  ■ 
. 
and  Aquik  D •'•  lh<  ni.    I 

clock,  after  sustaining  a  hi  ..\  j 
Donade,  to  strike  their  col  1  tm  \ 

were  taken  j  •  »  ssion  of  by  the  b< 
the  advam  ed  Bquadron. 
prisonen  were 
on  fin 

fter  by  the  < 
detached  Rear-Admiral  the  li 

rd  in  the  Caesar,  with  tru  Tiieseus, 
three    additional  fire-ships  (which 

and  all  the  boats  of  the  :  .  Mr. 

1  luct  the  turtlur 

■ 


t  Indefatigable,    A  .U.     EiucraM,     1 

- 
El  counter,  To  rent,   and  Growler. 


484      INTERESTING    INTELLIGENCE    FROM    THE    LONDON    GAZETTES. 


ships  which  lay  exposed  to  an  attack. — 
On  the  morning  oi*  t he  1  .'3th,  the  rear- 
admiral  reported  to  me,  that  as  the  Caej  ar 
and  other  line-of-battle  ships  had  ground- 
ed, and  were  in  a  dangerous  situation,  he 
thought  it  advisable  to  order  them  all  out, 
particularly  as  the  remaining  part  of  the 
service  could  be  performed  by  frigates 
and  small  vessels  only;  and  1  was  happy 
to  find  they  were,  extricated  from  then- 
perilous  situation. 

Captain  Bligh  lias  since  infoimed  me, 
that  it  was  found  impracticable  to  destroy 
the  three-decked  ship,  and  the  others 
which  were  lying  near  the  entrance  of 
the  Charente,  as  the  former,  being  the 
outer  one,  was  protected  by  three  lines 
of  boats  placed  in  advance  from  her. 

This  ship  and  all  the  others,  except 
four  of  the  line  and  a  frigate,  have  now 
moved  up  the  river  Charente.  If  any 
further  attempt  to  destroy  them  is  prac- 
ticable, I  shall  not  fail  to  use  every  means 
in  mv  power  to  accomplish  it. 

I  have  great  satisfaction  in  stating  to 
their  lordships  how  much  I  feel  obliged 
to  the  zealous  co-operation  of  Rear-Ad- 
miral Stopford,  under  whose  arrange- 
ment the  boats  of  the  fleet  were  placed  ; 
and  I  must  also  express  to  their  lordships 
the  high  sense  I  have  of  the  assistance  I 
received  from  the  abilities  and  unremitted 
attention  of  Sir  Harry  Neale,  Bart,  the 
captain  of  the  fleet,  as  well  as  of  the  ani- 
mated exertions  of  the  captains,  officers, 
seamen,  and  marines  under  my  command, 
and  their  forwardness  to  volunteer  upon 
any  service  that  might  be  allotted  to 
them;  particularly  the  zeal  and  activity 
shewn  by  the  captains  of  line-of-battle 
ships  in  preparing  the  fire-vessels. 

I  cannotspeak  in  sufficient  terms  of  ad- 
miration and  applause,  of  the  vigorous 
and  gallant  attack  made  by  Lord  Coch- 
rane upon  the  French  line-of-battle  ships 
which  were  on  shore,  as  well  as  of  his  ju- 
dicious manner  of  approaching  them,  and 
placing  his  ship  in  the  position  most  ad- 
vantageous to  annoy  the  enemy,  and  pre- 
serve his  own  ship;  which  could  not  be 
exceeded  by  any  feat  of  valour  hitherto 
achieved  by  the  British  navy. 

It  is  due  to  Rear- Admiral  Stopford  and 
Sir  Harry  Neale,  that  I  should  here  take 
the  opportunity  of  acquainting  their  lord- 
ships of  the  handsome  and  earnest  man- 
ner in  which  both  these  meritorious  offi- 
cers had  volunteered  their  services,  before 
the  arrival  of  Lord  Cochrane,  to  undertake 


an  attack  upon  the  enemy  with  fire-ships; 
and  that,  had  not  their  lordships  fixed. 
upon  him  to  conduct  the  enterprise,  I  have 
full  confidence  that  the  result  of  their 
efforts  would  have  been  highly  creditable 
to  them. 

I  should  feci  that  I  did  not  do  justice  to 
the  services  oi  Captain  Codfred,  of  the 
iCtna,  in  bombarding  the  enemy's  ships 
on  the  l_;h,  and  nearly  all  the  day  of 
the  13th,  if  I  did  not  recommend  him  to 
their  lordships'  notice;  and  I  cannot  omit 
bearing  testimony  to  the  anxious  desire 
expressed  by  Mr.  Congreve,  to  be  em- 
ployed wherever  I  might  conceive  his 
services  in  the  management  of  his  rockets 
would  be  useful :  some  of  them  were 
placed  in  the  fire-ships  with  effect,  and 
i  have  every  reason  to  be  satistied  with 
the  artillerymen  and  others  who  had  the 
management  of  them,  under  Mr.  Con- 
greve's  direction. 

I  send  herewith  a  return  of  the  killed, 
wounded,  and  missing  of  the  fleet,  which 
I  am  happy  to  observe  is  comparatively 
small.  1  have  not  yet  received  the  re- 
turns of  the  number  of  prisoners  taken, 
but  I  conceive  they  amount  to  between 
four  and  five  hundred.  I  have  charged 
Sir  Harry  Neale  with  this  dispatch  (by 
the  Imperieuse),  and  I  beg  leave  to  refer 
their  lordships  to  him,  as  also  to  Lord 
Cochrane,  for  any  further  particulars  of 
which  they  may  wish  to  be  informed. 
I  have  the  honour  to  be,  &c. 

GAMBlEfc. 

April  15. 

P.  S.  This  morning  three  of  the  ene- 
my's line-of-battle  ships  are  observed  to 
be  still  on  shore  under  Fouras,  and  one 
of  them  is  in  a  dangerous  situation.  One 
of  their  frigates  (L'Indienne),  also  on 
shore,  has  fallen  over,  and  they  are  now 
dismantling  her.  As  the  tides  will  take 
off  in  a  day  or  two,  there  is  every  proba- 
bility that  she  will  be  destroyed. 

Since  writing  the  foregoing,  I  have 
learnt  that  the  Hon.  Lieut.-Col.  Cochrane 
(Lord  Cochrane's  brother)  and  Lieut. 
Bissett,  of  the  navy,  were  volunteers  in 
thelmperieuse,  and  rendered  themselves 
extremely  useful,  the  former  by  com- 
manding some  of  her  guns  on  the  main 
deck,  and  the  latter  in  conducting  one  of 
the  explosion  vessels. 

Names  of  the  ships  in  Aix  Roads  previous  to 
the  attack,  on  the  11th  April,    1809. 

L'Ocean,  120  guns,  Vice- Admiral  Alle- 
ntande,  Capt.  Roland,  repaired  in  1806,  on 
shore  under  Fouras.     Foudroyant,  60  guns, 


tXTBEEITING    INTJUtLMaSitCS    VMQM    PHI    I 


A, In, I,., I  Gonrdon,  (  ipl  kin   Hi  iri,  five 
\(  :n  .  olil,  <in  <*!n)i e   mull  i    I  "   ,  i 
74  fane,  <  '.i|ii.nii   Paure,  Commodore,  rnrei 

,,!■'       ,       1 I  'I     ""I    I    I"1', 

~  I  nun  .,    (  ;>  )■  I ..  in    I    L  I     •   Ik  .     pld,     ••        l"'i'     'i' 
I  Ik-  iim  r.       KCfUll  I 

li\<-  vests old,  od  shon  i pi   Madame     Too- 

I    i  i     ii.  1. 1. , 

ii i iM-  iimiii  lis  old,  never  at  tea.     Aquilon,  ;i 
puns,  Capt.  M. 11,1-. .n,  ..id     \  ill.  4a  Wta  ">', 

an  «;iiii>,  ('upturn  <  im  illier,  iu  «  ,  m  i, 

(ii,  uii  i,   ,i.  gar  ,  Captain  La  *i  ouii , 
m  nli  Hum  :in. I  mill!  ii  >  -  tore*. 

priratet — Indienne,  Captain    Protean,    on 

in  .ii      I      •     •,    I  III)  I,     ii. i     Ik  i     l'i  ;iin   i  nil*  . 

Elbe,  Captain  a  *«  •  •  i  -  -  •      Pallaa,  Captain  Le 
i  j    tiortt  "  ' .  Capl   in  algand. 

,V  II     On.     ..t     Hi.'  I'm..'  I.iht     li.j;.ilii     U    Oil 

abort  under  laic  Madame. 

Bj  tin  lubjoined  list  it  appears  tnal  the 
number  of  killed,  wouuded,  un,l  mieaing,  In 
Lord  Gambler1!  Beet,  between  titr  inb  aad 
i  till  <>t  A]. i  H,  art  aa  follow  : 

•i  OAcera,  8  men,  killed;  9  officers,  ^6  men, 
wuiuidcil  j    |  mail,   uniting  —  Totalis. 


of  inn'     bout   .    ii,. I 

in  ,.i  |j   mi.      In.  ,i  .       'J  in.-    I>>.     ol    lb' 

deste  was  >  icd. 


A.lin'nalty-olln  <  .  April  2£>,   I 
Extract  of  a   Utter  from  Admiral  Lord 
Gambia;  to  the  Hon.  \\  .  IV.  Vole,  dated 
on    board    the    Caledonia,    in    Basque 
Roads,  the  \<>th  instant. 

It  has  blown  violently  From  the  south- 
ward and  westward  aiace  tin-  departure  of 
i Ik-  [mperieuse,  which  has  rendered  it 
impracticable  to  act  in  any  way  with  the 
small  vessels  or  boats  ot  the  fleet  against 
the  enemy. 

I  have  the  satisfaction  to  obaarve  this 
morning,  thai  the  enemy  have  set  fire  to 
their  frigate  (L'indii  nne) ;  and  that  the 
bltip  of  the  line  which  i-  aground  at  the 
entrance  of  the  river  (supposed  to  be 
the  Regulus),  there  is  every  reason  to  | 
believe  will  be  wrecked. 

Another   letter    from    Lord    Gambler, 
inclosed   one   from  Capt  Mends,  of  his 
Majesty's  ship  Arethuse,  dated  ort'Bil- 
boa,  20th  March,    1809,    detailing  par- 
ticulars of  the  destruction  of  three  differ- 
ent batteru  twent]  heavy  gups) 
at  Leipiito  and  other  places  on  the  north 
coast  of  Spain,  by  boats  from  that  >-hip;  :i 
and  of  their  active  annoyance  of  the  ene-  ,| 
my    in  attempting  to  at  "^  suppl: 
their  army  along  that  C  I 

A    letter  from   the    H  >n.  Gee.  Elliott, 

captain  of  H.  M.S.  the  Modest  e, -to  Vice- 
Admiral  Sir  Edw.  Pel  lew,  commander  in 
chief  of  hi*-  Majesty's  ships  ami  vessels  in 
the  East  Indies,  announces  tin  taking  of 
La  Jena,  French  national  corvette,  pierc- 
ed for  24  guns,  hut  only  IS  onboard, 
and  150 men,  commanded  by  Mons.  Mo- 
rice,  lieutenant  de  vaisseaUj  alter  achate 
Sup.  Vol  I. 


Admirall 

'iu  al    the 
■    1 1         I        •    i 
muuder  in  c/u    I  >/        !j/'m  ihips 

and  .  >.  unean,   to 

the   Hon.  l\  .  U  .  J     '  on  board 

the  Ocean,    the  1    th  Mart',,    J 
Sir, — 1  have  the  pli 
j  ,,u,  to  be  lai  l  before  m.    I  Con- 

of  the  Admiralty,  the  lei 
Captain  J'«i .  -hip 

Belli  Poole,  informing  me  ol  h 
fallen  in  w i'!i.  and  <  iptun  d,  tin    I  rem ti 

frigate  Le  Y.ir,  in  the  gulph  Ol 

Abo  a  I«  tti  r  from  (  '.iptain  I  Lost* 
his  M  .  p  the  Amphion,  -• 

his   having  captured  a  French    aim.  l 
brig,  mounting  six  guns  and  atrabac- 
culo,   which  were  employed   m  trans- 
porting troops  from  Zara  to  lfe< 
Italy. 

The  unremitting  vigilance  of  those 
officers,  and  of  all  who  are  employed  in 
the  Adriatic  and  off  Corfu,  u 

of  the    highest     i  ommi  ndatioii.        j 

strict  watch  on  the  enemy's  j paiosnj 

has    ledm  ed    the   Ionian    inlands    to    tlie 

t  want  of  cvL-rv  im  I  N 
of  the  supplies  from  the  Continent  hav- 
ing been  intercepted  by  them  ;  and  the 
e  captured  by  the  Belle  Poule,  I 
understand,  was  on  her  way  '.o  *orae 
port  in  Italy  for  a  cargo 
I  am,    ^c. 

Colli  ngwood. 
Hi*  Majesty's ahif  R.llr  Pouk,  off 
v  aria,  Feb.  i<\ 
My  Lord, —  I    have  the  honour  to  re- 
port to  \our  lord  hip,  that  his  Ma 
ship  under  my  conom  aid  being  di  a 
a  hard  southerly  gale  about  12 
the  not  tfaward  i  i  suspicion 

was  discovered  on  the  morning  of  the 
I  lth  instant,  far  distant  on  the  let -bow. 
All  sail  was  mstantlj  made  in  pur-  ; 
her,  but  light  and  partial  winds  I 
come  on,  I  ••-  vented  our  closing  with  her 
on  that  dsy  :  w«.  however.  e\  ; 
made  In;  out  to  be  a  French  ship  of  war, 
and  verv  distinctly  saw  her  intention  of 
making  for  the  uulf  of  Valona.  Our 
course  was  directed  nd  at 

day-light   on  the  follow  i.  ^dis- 

covered  htr  moored   with  cables   to  the 
walls  of  the  fortress  ■  t  Valooa, 
fourteen  IS  aud  '^4-i 
3S 


486 


EXHIBITION'S    OP    PAINTIV09. 


ther  fort  on  an  eminence  above  her, 
completely  commanding  the  whole  an- 
chorage. A  breeze  at  length  favouring 
us,  at  one  P.  M.  his  Majesty's  ship  was 
anchored  in  a  position  at  once  to  take  or 
destroy  the  enemy,  and  at  the  same 
time  to  keep  in  check  the  formida- 
ble force  \v<;  saw  prepared  to  support 
the  French  frigate.  A  most  animated 
and  well-directed  fire  was  opened  on  the 
enemy's  ship.  The  forts  making  no  ef- 
fort to  protect  her,  and  our  attention 
bei  ng  t  h  us  and  i  v  id  ed ,  t  he  contest  of  course 
was  very  short.  She  surrendered  after  a 
few  broadsides,  and  proved  to  be  Le  Var 
French  frigate,  pierced  for  32  guns, 
but  having  only  22  Q-pounders  and  4 
24- po  aider  caironades  mounted,  com- 
manded by  Capitaine  de  Frigate  Paulin, 
with  a  complement  of  200  men,  from 
(<>rl'u,  destined  to  any  port  in  Italy  she 
could  reach. 

I  cannot  close  my  letter  without  ex- 
pressing my  regret,  that  the  occasion  had 
not  afforded  more  room  for  the  display 
of  that  gallantry  which  my  officers  and 
ship's  company  have  at  all  times  proved 
themselves  so  ready  to  evince ;  and  it  is 
with  sincere  satisfaction  I  add,  that,  with 
the  exception  of  some  trifling  damage  in 
our  rigging,  we  sustained  no  loss  what- 
ever; that  of  the  enemy  cannot  be  as- 
certained, as  the  greater  part  of  her  of- 
ficers and  ship's  company  took  the  op- 
portunity of  getting  on  shore  the  mo- 
ment the  ship  struck. 

Le  Var  is  but  two  years  off  the  stocks, 
and  copper-fastened,  and  800  tons  bur- 
then. I  have  the  honour  to  be,  &c. 

James  Brisbane. 
Rt.  Hon.  C.  Lord  ColHngwood,  &c. 

His  Majesty's  ship  Amptuon,  at  Sea, 
Feb. io,  I809. 

My  Lord, — The  Redwing  joined  me 
bn  the  8th  instant,  off  Long  Island,  w  ith 
the  information  that  an  armed  brig  and  a 
trabacculo  were  lying  in  a  small  creek 
in  the  Island   of  Malida.     I  proceeded 


there  in  consequence  with  the  Redwing, 
and  found  the  above  vessels  advantage- 
ous] v  moored  for  defending  the  entrance 
of  the  creek,  and  several  hundred  soldiers 
drawn  up  behind  some  houses  and  wall*. 
The  brig  and  a  12-pounder  from  the 
shore  opened  on  the  ships  whilst  they 
were  taking  their  stations ;  which  was 
no  sooner  effected,  than  they  fled  in  all 
directions. 

She  mounted  six  12-pounder  carro- 
nades,  had  sailed  from  Zara,  in  com- 
pany with  the  trabacculo,  on  the  1th 
January,  with  4-00  French  troops  for 
Ancona,  which,  on  our  approach,  landed, 
and  were  those  I  mentioned  above,  but 
kept  a  respectable  distance  from  our 
guns  the  whole  time. 

The  boat's  crews  of  the  two  ships, 
under  the  direction  of  Lieutenant  Phillott, 
landed,  and  brought  off  three  guns,  one 
12-pounder,  and  two  small  ones,  and  de- 
stroyed two  storehouses  of  wine  and  oil 
collected  there. 

I  am  happy  to  say,  no  person  w  as  hurt 
on  this  service,  and  have  the  honour  t» 
be,  &.c. 

W.  Hoste,  Capt. 
To  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Collinj- 
wood,  &ic. 

The  brig  sunk  after  we  got  her  out,  in 
deep  water,  from  the  effects  of  our  shot. 


A  letter  from  Captain  Maxwell,  of  the 
Royalist  (forwarded  by  Commodore 
Owen),  states  his  having  captured  La 
Princesse  French  privateer,  of  1G  guns 
and  50  men,  after  a  chace  of  tw  o  hours. 

Admiralty -office,  May  13,  1809. — A 
letter  from  Captain  Howard,  of  the  sloop 
Parthian,  to  Admiral  Young,  dated  at 
sea,  the  5th  instant,  announces  that,  after 
a  chace  of  So  hours,  he  had  taken  the 
noted  privateer,  La  Nouvelle  Girondc, 
of  Bourdeaux,  a  fine  copper-fastened 
brig,  mounting  four  12  and  ten  4-pound- 
ers,  58  men. 


EXHIBITIONS  OF  PAINTINGS. 

As  caterers  of  public  amusement 
and  information,  it  becomes  our 
duty  to  give  some  account  of  the 
various  exhibitions,  which,  at  this 
season  of  the  year,  form  one  of  the 
principal   sources    of    intellectual 


gratification.  In  performing  this 
task,  we  shall  not,  as  is  the  custom 
with  some  critics  on  the  fine  arts, 
enter  into  minute,  tedious,  and  un- 
interesting details  of  pictures  that 
"  ha  ye  no  character  at  alL"— -Mitf 


EXHlIUTlo.\»    <.r     I'AIWINCI. 


tlioerilT  end  WfBtcbadfltM    may   hr 

glanced   at,   (ii   pawunt.   but    "lent 

alone  ihaU  enest  <»nr  attention  and 

rail  f.irt h  our  (  i  ni<  i«tni.  \\  I  shall 
coinincncc  with  the 

HOVAI.     A(Al)CMY. 

The    usual    <»"*   af  periodical 

critics,  is  to  begin  by  complaining 

r>i  flic  increase  of  portraits,  and  the 
<  ompaiafivr    scarcity   of    histori.al 

eompoeitioni : — we  shall  n«>t  echo 
these  lamentations.  Knowing  as  we 
do,  the  character  and  the  nature  of 
the  encouragement  held  out,  instead 
of  expressing  any  surprise  that 
there  arc  so  few  specimens  10  this 
clavs  of  the  art,  we  are  more  dis- 
posed to  wonder,  that  ■  single  stu- 
dent should  be  found  hardy  enough 
to  attempt  it. 

Mr.  Howard  takes  the  lead. 
His  picture  of  Christ  blessing  Utile 
Children,  is,  indeed,  an  admira- 
ble specimen  of  his  powers  ■  the 
grouping  is  excellent  ;  the  heads 
arc  well  chosen,  and  the  children 
are  painted  with  a  truth  and  sweet- 
nesSj  thai  raise  iu  the  mind  of  the 
spectator  a  thousand  interesting 
emotions.  It  has  given  us  pleasure 
to  observe,  that  Mr.  Howard  has, 
iu  this  subject,  introduced  a  more 
picturesque  distribution  of  light  and 
Bhade  than  is  usual  with  him.  That 
an  artist  of  his  taste  should  so  long 
have  persisted  iff  the  dry  manner  of 
the  Roman  school,  has  often  been 
to  us  a  matter  of  surprise  :  the  more 
so,  as  one  pain-tor  oC  the  present 
day  (Stothard)  has  proved  that 
n  cturesque  effect  is  not  at  all  in- 
consistent with  purity  of  outline, 
grace  of  action,  or  strength  of  cha- 
racter. But  why  should  we  con- 
gratulate Mr,  Howard  on  his  im- 
piorement?  However  it  may  in- 
•rease    his   fame,    it  will  not   add 


one  iota  to  his  fortune,  or  lend  to 
avert  th<-  general  doom  which,  in 
this  country,  awaits  all  who  are 
bold  enough  to  pursue  the  eh  i 
walks  of  art.  The  present  exhibi- 
iion  proi i  .  that,  111  ipite  oi  all  his 

attainments,     Mr.    Howard    i   ,    like 

the  r<-«4  of  Ins  brethren,  conoV 
to  wa^te  his  powers  and  Ins  lit'-  in 
painting  the  port  rails  oi  "cbri 
fools  with  \  aroished  fact  ,"  u 

attempts  lo   <_w    i  in   I"   in- 

anity    ar,d    chan 
b*  canoe. 

ithard'i  emblematical  repse- 
scntation  <>t  1*  tugb  »  <  oad* 

ary  in    size   and   situation,    v' 
in  the   first    rank    ol  merit.      Here 
IS  the  union  to  which  we   have  just 

referred;    the  greatest  elegance  of 
form  and   most   classical    com] 

tion,  combined  with  splendid  co- 
louring and  elliw  t  :  the  I  n.>u>  ex- 
cellences of  Raphael  ami  Rubeae 
blended  together,  and  producing 
one  harmonious  whole.  It  is  not 
highly  creditable  to  'his  a;:*1  and 
country,  that  the  painter  oi  this 
picture  has  arrived  at  an  advanced 
time  of  life,  without  even  having 
had  his  powers  called  into  actioir, 
to  any  extent,  either  publicly  or 
privately.  The  booksellers  have 
been  his  only  patrons,  and  those 
talents,  which,  it  rightly  employed, 
might  have  raised  the  character  of 
the  country  in  the  eves  of  Europe, 
have  been  frittered  away  in  the 
embellishment  of  trifling  publica- 
tions, in  putting  tub-pages  to 
pocket-books,  and  decorating  al- 
manacs. 

Of  Mr.  West's  pictures  we 
shall  say  but  little.  The  Bard, 
though  a  well-drawn  figure,  is  de- 
ficient in  poetic  feeling.  It  seems 
as    if  intended  to  the  most 

angular  Hues  and  uupleasaut  con- 


4SS 


EXHIBITION'S    OF    PAINTINGS. 


tracts  of  which  the  human  form 
is  capable.  How  such  a  mode  of 
composition  can  accord  with  the 
torrrnt  of  enthusiasm  that  pervades 
Gray's  poem,  we  are  at  a  loss  to 
conceive.  These  observations,  on 
-the  works  of  so  great  a  painter,  are 
made  with  reluctance.  The  splen- 
did productions  of  his  happier  mo- 
ments, have  often  excited  in  ws  the 
most  genuine  and  enthusiastic  ad- 
miration ;  and  we  would  willingly 
be  spared  the  irksome  task  of  re- 
cording his  aberrations. 

For- the  same  reason  we  shall  not 
dwell  upon  the  scenes  from  Romeo 
and  Juliet,  Avith  which  Mr.  Fuseli 
has  presented  us,  We  have  long  ad- 
mired the  creative  powers  of  this 
great  and  learned  painter  ;  we  have 
seen  with  wonder  and  astonishment, 
his  magic  pencil  conjuring  "  spi- 
rits from  the  vasty  deep  ;"we  have 
attended  his  excursions  in  fairy- 
land with  delight  bordering  on  ec- 
stasy ;  and  we  have  followed  him, 
"  with  fear  and  trembling,"  into 
"  the  world  of  terrible  shadows." 
Why  will  he  quit  these  walks,  in 
which  nature  has  qualified  him  to 
shine,  to  tread  the  flowery  paths  of 
love  ?  Why  will  he  solicit  cen- 
sure where  he  might  command  ap- 
plause ? 

The  admirers  of  Westal  have 
been  amply  gratified  by  the  pic- 
tures he  has  this  year  exhibited.  In 
the  composition  of  the  Herd  at- 
tached by  Lions,  there  is  Certainly 
much  to  admire;  but  the  shew  and 
glare  of  his  colouring,  and  the  want 
of  truth  in  his  touch  and  effect,  can 
never  be  reconciled  to  the  eye  of  taste. 

There  is  a  passage  in  the  picture 
of  Vcrlumnus  and  Pomona  which 
z  tricked  critic  might  convert  into 
something  very  bad  indeed.     Vcr-  [ 


tumnus  is  lifting  up  a  lock  of  Po- 
mona's hair,  and  looking  inquisi- 
lively  under  it.  What  he  expect* 
to  find  in  Pomona's  head,  is  left  to 
the  imagination  of  the  spectator. 

Mr.  Cook's  picture  of  the  Bill 
of  Rights  presented  to  William  and 
Man/,  is  very  elaborately  and 
beautifully  painted  ; — but  we  can- 
not help  regretting  that  an  artist  of 
so  much  merit  should  waste  his 
powers  on  such  a  subject.  Pic* 
turcs  of  this  kind  seem  to  bear  the 
same  relation  to  the  elevated  walks 
of  historic  painting,  as  the  mere  to* 
pographical  delineations  of  a  com- 
mon drawing-master,  to  the  splen- 
did creations  of  Turner's  magic 
pencil. 

The  old  Roman  Tribune,  Denla- 
tus,  defending  himself  in  a  narrow 
Pass  against  the  Attack  of  his  own 
Soldiers,  by  R.  K.  Hay  don,  is  the 
last  picture  in  this  class  that  we  shall 
notice,  and  as  the  early  production 
of  a  young  man,  it  certainly  demands 
attention.  The  figure  of  Dentatus 
is  drawn  with  considerable  vigour, 
and  the  other  figures  are  not  with- 
out character  and  expression  ; — but 
we  would  recommend  Mr.  Haydon 
to  study  arrangement, without  which 
all  his  drawing,  character,  and  ex- 
pression, will  be  thrown  away.  He 
has  also  fallen  into  another  error  in 
endeavouring  to  give  a  picturesque 
character  to  his  work,  without 
thoroughly  understanding  the  laws 
of  picture  ;  he  has  only  made  con- 
fusion more  confused.  These,  howr 
ever,  are  the  faults  of  youth  and 
inexperience,  and  such  as  time  and 
practice  will  certainly  correct.  The 
picture  is  a  creditable  specimen  of 
his  powers,  and  may  be  considered 
as  an  earnest  of  future  excellence. 

We  come  now  to  a  class  of  sub- 


KXimilTlONS    OF    TAIVT 


4*9 


wbicfa  cannot  be  termed  bi»to-  1  open  to  hisebterration;    while  the 
rical,  and  which,  for  want  of  a  l>ct-  '  |>ninter  of  this  picture  I  bv- 

tei   name,  we  mil  call  fancy   pic- 

inrfs.  without    materials    for    il 
]u   (his                   iv    In-  placed   Ihc   'models    from    which  Id 

Distressed  Family,    and    FUkimg-  principles  (.i  b  •  :ri. 

Iioi/<,  by   Thomson;  the  Coti  Bird's  work  is  not  deficient  in  as* 

Di  tr,  by  Owen,  &c.     This  last  is  scnfials;  invent 

not  one  of  Mr.  Owen's  mat  mooeai  thing  tint  display 

ful   pictures;     the   composition   i^  the  artist's  mind,  and  the 

pretty,    but   tin'    back  ground    ^  ofbieobeen  ri  Jin 

henry,  and  lbs  colootof  the  Seta  thispictare.     Tli 

wants  the  warm  hue  of  nature.  From  onlv  in  the  brush-work, 

all  these  faults  tin-    Fishing' Boys,  tin-  least  pari  of   »  paiatei 

by  Thuiaoan,  is  contp]  apt.  lenee. 

Thii  charming  picture  appeara  to         Wilkie's   Cut    I  *ger  apt 

i       » contain  eter y  beauty  of  which  to  us  to  be  bis  very   finest  prodno 

the   subject   is    susceptible:    it    is  tioa :  the  great  blubbei  who 

Thomson's    happiest    effort,   ami   is     lias  cut    bis   Anger,  the  oi  I 

worthj  a  place  in  the  finest  eollec-  dressing  it,  and  the  Lriil  who 


lion  in  Europe. 

The    Distressed  I'dini/,/  is  a  colli- 


de irouring  to  <_r<-t  ihc  Itnil 
the  boy  convulsively  and  <■ 


m 


on-place     subject     treated     in    a     holds,  are  all  admirable  5] 


common  place  manner. 

In  the  walk   of  familiar  life  Mr. 


Of* Character  ;    and  there    i-  a  - 

:i  s«   and   delicacy  in  the  irirl   who 


Wilkie  maintains  his  wonted  rank,  looks  over  the  shoulder  of  the  old 

His  imitators  increase:     but,   want-  \\  onv.iri.  w  Inch  we  could.  Scarce 
ihg  that  fine  taste  and  feeling,  which  anticipated,   even  from    Wilkie. — 
are  the  distinguishing  characteristics  Without  wishing  to  give  am 
of  his  geaiaa,  they  all  remain  at  a  due  preferem  e  to        lera  art,  we 
very    humble  distance.      From   the  cannot    help  thinking                -  pic- 
herd  of  imitators  we  would  wish  tare  has  nercr  been  excelled  by  the 
Bird  to  be  excepted.     His  picture  painters  of  am  age  or  count 
of  Good  A    .         I    m^  to  ns  to  pee*  Of  the  AN  >  I  ')".,  we               jx^k 
sess  as  much  originality  of  thought,  in  terms  o 

and   as  acute  perception  of  charac-  h  js    notour                                  f  the 

ter,  as  any  thing  ~we  hare  yet  wit-  excellence   of   many               —  but 

nested  in  this   way.     The  hanging  there  is  one  th  ag  in  it   which  oV- 

committee  h  ive  put  him  on  a  severe  stroys  its  <                        The  u 

Oldeal:     but    the    public    OOght   to  introduced   is  certain:-                 cot- 


know,  when  they compere  this  pic- 
ture with  the  exquisite  productions 
of  Wilkie,  that  Wilkie  was 
to  painting  in  a  classical  and  culti- 
vated city;  and  since  his  appear- 
ance in  London,  has  had  alltbe 
works  oi  the  greatest  masters  thrown 


tae;er.    and  the   child  •  ntly 

the    portrait  of  a  j  .   pro- 

bably the  daughter  of  the  i 

for  whom  the  : 

We  are  the  ■»  be 

severe   upon   thi«=.  be 
to    display     | 


490 


EXHIBITIONS    OF    PAINTINGS. 


caprice  of  a  patron  to  which  Wilkie 
ought  to  be  superior.  The  picture 
is  certainly  spoiled,  and  the  patron 
and  painter  both  punished  tor  their 
folly. 

Mulrcady,  in  his  Returning  from 
the  Ale-House,  has  come  nearer  to 
the  pencilling:  of  the  Dutch  school 
than  any  candidate  for  fame  in  this 
■walk  of  the  art  :  but  we  would 
ask,  is  every  thing  that  is  Dutch 
excellent  ?  Are  all  violations  of 
decency  and  propriety  to  be  to- 
lerated, because  the  Dutch  painters 
practised  them  ? — To  our  feelings, 
human  nature  does  not  present  any 
more  obscene  or  disgusting  spectacle 
than  a  drunken  father  surrounded 
by  his  children;  and  yet  this  is 
what  Mr.  Mulready  has  chosen  to 
make  the  subject  of  a  picture.  Here 
it  is  that  Wilkie  towers  above  all 
liis  competitors  ; — here  his  fine  taste 
is  eminently  conspicuous.  He  is 
content  to  raise  our  passions  with- 
out "  touching  the  brink  of  all  we 
hate."  He  has  his  reward — the 
pictures  of  Wilkie  will  obtain  last- 
ing fame,  while  those  of  his  rivals 
will  fall  into  merited  obscurity. 

Landscape,  though  it  comes  late 
under  our  notice,  is  certainly  the 
most  conspicuous  feature  of  the  pre- 
sent exhibition.  Turner  here  main- 
tains his  accustomed  dignity.  The 
Fleet  at  Spithead  is  a  most  majestic 
picture  and  the  views  of  Sir  John 
Leicester"1  s  Seat,  which,  in  other 
hands  would  be  mere  topography, 
touched  by  his  magic  pencil,  have 
assumed  a  highly  poetic  character. 
It  is  on  occasions  like  these  that  the 
.-superiority  of  this  man's  mind  dis- 
plays itself;  and  in  comparison  with 
the  productions  of  his  hand,  not 
only  all  the  painters  of  the  present 
day,  but  all  the  boasted  names   to 


which    the   collector    bows, — sink 
into  nothing. 

Callcot  stands  next  in  rank.  Tb« 
observation  usually  made  on  his 
pictures  is,  that  they  are  barren 
10  subject,  that  the  iuterest  of  the 
picture  is  not  in  proportion  to  the 
quantity  of  canvas  occupied.  This 
objection  does  not  apply  to  his  Wa- 
tering-Plaee,  in  the  present  exhi- 
bition. The  objects  are  finely  se- 
lected and  beautifully  arranged, 
and  the  whole  is  in  perfect  har- 
mony. 

We  wish  we  could  bestow  on  the 
pictures  of  De  Loutherbourg  all  the 
praise  that  his  great  reputation 
seems  to  demand.  His  pictures  al- 
ways bring  the  painter  too  much  to 
our  mind  ;  and  instead  of  dwelling 
on  the  majesty  of  the  scene,  and  par- 
taking of  the  sentiment  intended  to 
be  conveyed  by  the  composition, 
we  can  think  of  nothing  but  the 
dexterous  touch  and  tiue  execution 
of  the  artist. 

Ward's  pictures  are  full  of  me- 
rit ;  but  that  merit  is  much  obscured 
by  affectation.  He  seems  to  think 
it  of  more  importance  to  paint  like 
Rubens,  than  to  paint  like  nature. 
From  this  censure  we  would  exempt 
the  Straw-Yard,  which  is  certainly 
a  most  excellent  picture. 

The  Daniels  maintain  their  ac- 
customed rank ;  but  they  do  not 
offer  any  thing  this  year  to  call 
forth  particular  criticism. 

Arnold  is  not  quite  so  conspicu- 
ous as  in  former  years ;  but  he  has 
one  very  exquisite  little  study  of 
Buildings  at  Ambleside. 

We  come  now  to  speak  of  the 
portraits;  and  we  must  place  in  the 
first  rank,  Ladj/  Kensington  and 
the  Honourable  Mrs.  Couper,  by 
Owen.     The  last  has  not  been  ex- 


WXHIRII  lo.Nf    OF    PAIMINd*. 


celled  iii  sweetness  and  sentiment, 

miicc     tin-     death    of     Sir     Jokhna 

Reynolds. 

Sir  .loscjih  Dunks,  by  Phillips, 
is  a  most  commanding  portrait. 
Vigour,  truth,  and  limplicitj,  are 
lis  leading  characteristics.  We 
are  not  often  presented  with  such  a 
noble  specimen  «»t  the  art. 

Hoppner'i  Lady  Em  i  is  a 
finely  painted  portrait;  but  we 
rannoi  reconcile. the  bright  light  in 
the  iky,  of  the  immense  hollyhock 
in  the  fbre-ground,  with  our  notions 
of  picturesque  arrangement*  These 
objects  seem  to  be  contending  for 
mastery  with  the  figure  of  the  lady. 

Then  are  many  more  fine  por- 
traits which  might  be  enumerated 
and  dwelt  upon,  but  our  limits  uill 
not  admit  of  our  enlarging  this  ar- 
ticle. 

The  lower  rooms  are,  as  might 
be  expected,  very  barren.  With 
the  exception  of  gome  fine  drawings 
by  Gaudy  and  Ed  ridge,  some  beau- 
tiful enamels  by  JJone,  and  a  highly 
finished  and  neatly  executed  historic 
subject  by  Thurston, there  is  little  or 
nothing  to  call  forth  criticism. 

The  model  department  is  enriched 
by  a  master-piece  of  sculpture  from 
the  hand  of  Flax  man.  Nothing  has 
ever  been  seen  in  modern  art,  that 
in  beauty,  expression,  and  senti- 
ment, has  approached  so  near  the 
perfection  of  the  antique.  Did  the 
exhibition  contain  but  this  one 
figure,  it  would  be  rich  above  for- 
mer years. 

We  have  now  considered  the 
leading  pictures  in  Somerset-House, 
We  hope,  with  impartiality.  Many 
pieces  of  merit  have  been  passed  by 
without  notice  :  but  in  an  exhibition 
so  distinguished  as  the  present, 
were  we  to  notice  all  which  had 


merit,  no  line  of  demarcation  could 

be  draw  ii,  and  are  might  extend  our 

i.lj-'i  vatnins  bej  "iid  what  the  li 
of  our  woi  l\  WOUld  admit,  or  th< 

1 1<  nee  of  our  readers  tolerate.  W  e 
shall  com  Uide  w nli  mentioning  the 
names  oi  i  km  \ oung  men,    v. ho, 

though    their    works    have    no' 

gained  a  very  conspicuous  rink  on 
the  walls  ot  (he  Roj al  \<  idetny, 
are  i  ridentlj  makiug  rerj  rapid 
sii  uli  i  toward  the  goal  oi  excel- 
lence.— The   names  of   tfulreadjr, 

Cook,    and    Hay  don,    hue   already 

been  alluded  t<»;  to  these  we  would 
add  those  of  Dawe,   Lionel,  H  nut, 

Uwins,  and  II.  ('orb  mid. 
IFR1NO-G  I  it  diss    i.\  h  initios. 

This  exhibition  was  originally 
formed    by    the   independent    cx- 

ertions  of  a   few    individuals;    not 

attached  to  any  public  institution, 
or  supported   by  the  patronage  of 

princes  or  nobility,  thej  r    led  their 

claims  solely  on  the  display  of  their 
collective  strength.  The  event  lias, 
we  believe,  fully  just i lied  their 
hopes,   and    they  feel,  individually 

and  collectively,  the  utmost  gta- 

titude  to  the  public,  for  the  spon- 
taneous and  liberal  encouragesnenl 

they  have  uniformly  received. 

To  the  list  of  their  former  mem- 
bers   have  been  added,   this   j 
the  names  of  Dorrel,  Payne,  Lwins, 
and  VV  ild. 

The  works  of  Payne  anil  Uwina 
;  are  already  well  known  to  the 
public,  anil  their  reputation  U  not, 
in  any  degree,  lessened  by  ihr  pre- 
I  sent  exhibition.  Dorrel  ami  Wild 
have  likewise  proved  a  great  in- 
crease of  strength  in  their  so  . 
departmeale. 

Among  the  old  members,  the 
same  gentlemen,  whose  works  we 
have    been    accustomed   to  admire 


492 


EXHIBITIONS    OF    PAINTINGS. 


since  the  commencement  of  the  ex-  ] 
liibit  ions,  arc  still  the  heroes  of  (he 
scene  ;  and  were  we  to  notice  all 
who  had  claims  to  our  applause,  we 
must  print  from  the  catalogue  al- 
most the  whole  of  the  society. 

Glover,  Keinagle,  Chalon,  and 
Varley,  seem,  however,  to  be  par- 
ticularly distinguished. 

In  the  landscapes  of  Glover,  there 
is  a  purity  of  colour,  an  elegance  of 
form,  anil  a  truth  of  effect,  which 
we  think  has  never  been  exceeded. 

Reinagle  is,  we  fear,  a  little  tinc- 
tured with  manner;  his  drawings 
often  remind  us  more  forcibly  of 
Cuyp  than  of  nature  ;  and  Varlcy's 
systematic  execution  is  sometimes 
too  conspicuous :  but  these  are 
trifling  faults  compared  with  their 
transcendent  merits. 

Barrett,  whose  drawings  were 
so  universally  admired  last  your, 
has  not,  in  this  exhibition,  added  to 
his  reputation;  he  seems  to  have 
run  wild  in  his  pursuit  of  warm  co- 
lour. There  is  one  drawing,  how- 
ever, of  Hastings  Fishing- Boats, 
No.  S32,  which  proves  that  he  still 
possesses  all  his  powers,  and  we  have 
no  doubt  that  his  good  sense  will 
lead  him  back  into  the  path  from 
which  he  has  strayed. 

Hills  has  surpassed  himself.  His 
various  drawings  of  cattle  this  year 
are  inimitable.  Jlavell,  Smith, 
Nicholson,  Pugin,  Turner,  and 
Stevens,  are  all  eminently  distin- 
guished. Indeed,  as  we  before  ob- 
served, there  is  so  much  talent  dis- 
played in  the  landscape  department 
of  this  exhibition,  that  Ave  know 
not  where  to  begin  nor  where  to  end 
our  catalogue  of  excellence. 

The  claims  of  this  society  to  his- 
torical merit  are  not  so  numerous. 
Christall,  who  is  in  general  a  host, 


has  this  year  been  the  occasion  of 
some  disappoinment.  The  Sea- 
Coast  pictures,  particularly  The 
Storm,  which  he  exhibited  last 
year,  seemed  to  open  a  new  walk  in 
the  art,  which  no  one  was  so  able 
as  himself  to  follow  up.  We  hope 
he  has  not  yet  abandoned  it,  and 
that  he  will  still  bring  the  exten- 
sive knowledge  of  the  principles 
which  he  has  derived  from  the  rich 
stores  of  antiquity,  to  bear  upon 
subjects  of  natural  occurrence. — 
His  Cottage  Girls,  in  the  present 
exhibition,  are  beautiful  beyond  de- 
scription ;  but  we  wish  to  see  more 
and  greater  displays  of  the  powers 
of  his  mind. 

Hcaphy  has  carried  high-finish- 
ing and  minute  detail  as  far  as  it 
will  go;  but  that  he  would  apply 
his  powers  to  some  better  purpose 
than  painting  squinting  black- 
guards and  fighting  fishwomen,  is 
"  devoutly  to  be  wished."  We 
may  be  mistaken.  but  it  appears  to 
us,  that  the  human  figure  and  the 
human  mind  are  not  the  walks  in 
which  he  is  likely  to  excel.  Sub- 
jects such  as  the  Dutch  painters 
indulged  in,  markets,  in  which  the 
commodity  offered  for  sale  (whe- 
ther fish,  vegetables,  poultry,  or 
game),  formed  the  leading  feature  of 
Ihe  picture,  and  where  the  venders 
are  secondary  and  subordinate,  seem 
much  better  calculated  for  his  ge- 
nius than  any  he  has  yet  chosen. — 
Could  he  be  prevailed  upon  to  turn 
his  attention  this  way,  the  public 
might  expect  from  his  industry 
an  assemblage  of  objects,  always  in- 
teresting from  their  truth,  and  agree- 
able from  their  variety ;  and,  ex- 
ecuted by  his  inimitable  pencil, 
they  could  not  fail  of  obtaining  a 
unique  character. 


l.XIMHI  I  [OKI    OF     IMS  I  INC*. 


Atkinson*!  dravi  ingi  po  ess  won- 
derful vigour  and  animation.  He 
Ins  judiciously  selected  scenes  fur- 
nished by  his  travela  in  other  coun- 
tries, which  add  "i.  it  variety  and 
richness  to  the  exhibition. 

I  W  iiis   lias   displa  \  ed  com  ider- 


\\  t  fulfilled  the  ex- 

; 

W  In 

fu  f()l  < 

i  the 
I 

ur  over  li 
that  ba  I  the  ntn*  nt ; 


able  imagination  and  great  ele  janc< 

of  taste  in   Ids  drawing   from  Hie  but|  stneehehas                     mn< 

Rape  of  the  Lock .    We  should  like  successfully,   to  deline        I 

to  see  liis  though!  pursued  thi  the  spell                           I 

all   the  offices    of  the  sylphs  j    it  wo  now  conclude,  that  hi              i 

Would    furnish    t   most   deli  enes have  no  more  n 

scries  of  pictures.  Pope  has  touched  reality  than  the   English  views  in 


them  n  iili  BUch  a  mash  1 1 v  hand, 
that  i(  seems  surprising  Ihe  i  lea 
has  never  before  been  taken  up  by 
the  painter* 

We  must  conclude  this  very  cur- 
sory and  rapid  notice  of  (Ids  inter- 
esting exhibition,  by  congratul 
the  members  on  their  success,   and 
wishing  them  a  continuance  of  it. 

H()\  D-SI  It  ||;  r     i:\lllltlll 

This  society,  though  yti   in   its 
infancy,      possesses      considi 

claims  on  public  approbation.    The  I 
list  of  members  is  greatly  altered 
linee  last  year.    Emma  Smith,   Al- 
fred Chalon,     Bone,  Baxter. 
"Watts,    have    retired  ;     an  1     in 
their  room   we  have    Ri(  liter,    tlic 
Stephanofis,     Cox,     Roberts,    and 
we  believe  some  others.     The  walls  !l  partments, 
of  the  exhibition   prove  how  much  !  cimens. 
the  society  is  indebted  to  its  new'       Richtcr'a   pied: 
members.  ly  corr  •< f  scene  ; 

Dtwint  here  takes  the  lead  in  a  tural  and  atri> 

most  conspicuous  and  decided  man- 


the    present  <  n,    « ith    the 

Originals  of  n  are  all  i 

Coi  has  displ  •;.  i  1  I 

which  nil  i  ties  him  to  high  <    Hisider- 

Tbere  is  much  truth  and 
force  in  his  pictures ;   bul 
seem  ompow  d  of  the 

- 
simi!  ly  with  the  ground, 

that  it   is   hard    to  tell   where  one 
and  ihr 
•  would     have 

merit  v  an 

]  ,    selected 

ther 
fr  »ra  nature. 
Wilson,  v 

exhibited,  in  tin 


ner.  His  drawings  are  of  the  very 
first  class.  Correct  observation  of 
nature,  tine  selection  of  form, 
the  greatest  truth  and  simplic 
colour,  are  the  characteristics  ofhis 
style.  His  works  hare  all  the  indi- 
cations of  superior  thiukLuir,  all  the 
germs  of  greatness. 

Sup.   Vol.  I.  S  T 


riminating  taste,    i 
edrawin 
-  ment  o(  light 
lour,  detract 

:  I.  <  ■  I 

.   art, 
m  I  we  should  not  h< 

•  ol  Wilkie  and  Bi 


494 


LIFE   OF    JLOKIl    COCHRANE. 


Hue!  Viliera  has  displayed  abun- 
dance of  taste  and  playfulness  of 
imagination  in  li is  various  drawings 
and  portraits  ;  and  Mrs.  Green,  to 
the  honour  of  the  female  professors 
of  painting,  has  presented  us  with 
one  miniature  portrait  of  a  lady, 
which,  for  elegance,  harmony,  and 
truth,  we  believe  has  scarcely  its 
parallel  in  modern  art. 

The  drawings  of  the  StephanofFs, 


though  crude  and  deficient  in  hai» 
niouy,  display  considerable  power, 
and  prove  that  they  have  studied 
their  art  with  attention  and  suc- 
cess. 

Upon  the  whole  this  is  an  interest- 
ing little  exhibition,  and  we  have 
no  doubt  it  will  meet  with  the  en- 
couragement it  deserves.  It  has, 
in  common  with  the  others,  our 
best  wishes  for  its  success. 


FASHIONABLE 

No.  1.  Wimple,  or  hood  of  trans- 
parent gauze  bordered  with  silver. 

No.  2.  Silver  net  dress  cap  lined 
with  purple  silk  ;  silver  cord  and 
and  tassels. 

No.  3.  Yellow  silk  walking- 
bonnet,  with  straw  flower. 


HEAD-DRESSES. 

No.  4.  Promenade  head-dress  of 
lilac  silk,  with  short  lace  veil. 

No.  5.  Dress  hat  of  cerulean 
blue,  bound  with  pearls  and  trim- 
med with  silver;  white  feathers 
tipped  with  blue. 


PARTICULARS  OF  THE  LIFE  AND  EXPLOITS  OF 
LORD  VISCOUNT  COCHRANE. 

"  Daring  beyond  what  fables  sing  of  old, 

**  Yet  mild  in  conquest,  and  humane  as  bold." 


Lord  Viscount  Cochrane,  the 
eldest  son  of  the  Earl  of  Dundonald, 
was  born  on  the  24th  December, 
1775.  It  is  not  improbable  that  in 
the  choice  of  a  profession  he  was 
influenced  by  the  example  of  his 
uncle,  the  Honourable  Admiral 
Cochrane,  under  whose  auspices 
he  commenced  his  naval  career,  at 
the  early  age  of  twelve  years.  The 
British  empire  was  then  enjoying 
profound  peace,  a  circumstance 
not  the  most  favourable  to  the  hopes 
of  an  ardent  and  youthful  mind 
aspiring  to  promotion.  It  was  not 
till  towards  the  conclusion  of  the 
late  .war,  that  his  lordship's  ad- 
vancement to  the  rank  of  lieutenant, 
furnished  him  with  opportunities  of 
displaying  that  determined  intre- 
viaity,  promptitude^  and  energy  of 


character,  which  have  so  eminently 
distinguished  all  his  enterprises. 

In  the  month  of  December,  1799, 
we  iind  Lord  Cochrane  serving  on 
board  the  Queen  Charlotte,  the 
flag-ship  of  Lord  Keith,  who  was 
then  lying  in  Gibraltar.  The  ad- 
miral, having  observed  the  Lady 
Nelson  cutter  surrounded  and  at- 
tacked by  several  French  privateers, 
sent  out  the  boats  of  the  Queen 
Charlotte  and  Emerald  to  rescue 
that  vessel.  The  Queen  Charlotte's 
cutter  was,  on  this  occasion,  placed 
under  the  command  of  Lord  Coch- 
rane, who  pursued  the  privateers 
under  the  very  guns  of  Algeziras  j 
and  to  nothing  but  the  darkness  of 
the  night  were  the  enemy  indebted 
for  their  escape. 

The  gallantry  displayed  by  Lord 


■ 


•ASHIOINAB  1IKAD      DRKS 


■ 

Londan 


_/, ;.  fcrt 


1'LRMEXT  TO  THK  1VV(  •!..•.  • 


r.u'E  of  lotid  cor  ii n  r>t. 


Cochrane  <>m  this  and  oilier  occa* 

■tool   did   not    paSS    unnoticed,      ill 

September,  1800,  he  wis  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  master  and  oom- 
mander,  and  appointed  b>  thr 
Speedjr  gun-brig  of  fourteen  guns. 

This  vessel  was  uiuler  (lie  ordei  oi 
Lord  Keilli    in   the   Mediterranean, 

and  her  pommander'i  exertions 
were  eminent! j  nicceaaful  in  making 
numerous  captures.  Among  fillers 
was  (liul  of  the  French  brig  J>a  Ca- 
roline, laden  with  ordnance  l( 
in  February,  and  some  Spanish 
xebecs  in  April,  1801.  On  the 
bth  of  May,  cruizing  off  Barcelona, 

be  look,  alter  a  cluice  and  very 
warm  action,  the  Spanish  xebec 
frigate  El  Gamo.  The  inequality 
in  si/e,  weight  tit' metal,  and  num- 
ber ol  men  in  the  contending  ships, 
is  particularly  worthy  of  notice. 
The  Spaniard  mounted  3'2  guns, 
22  af  which  were  long  Impounders, 
eight  nines,  and  two  heavy  car- 
ronades  ;  and  carried  a  crew  of  319 
men.  The  Speedy  mounted  four- 
teen impounders,  and  including  of- 
iicfrs,  men,  and  hoys,  had  only 
5\  on  board.  This  great  dispa- 
rity of  force  induced  Lord  Coch- 
rane to  decide  the  contest  by  board- 
ing ;  which  he,  in  a  most  resolute 
manner,  accomplished  himself  at 
the  head  of  his  crew.  Such  was 
the  impetuosity  of  the  attack  that 
the  Spaniards  llew  from  their  quar- 
ters and  struck  their  colours.  They 
had  13  killed  and  I  1  wounded  ;  the 
loss  of  the  Speedy   was  only  Skilled 

and  S  wounded. 

It  cannot  be  doubted  that  this 
spirited  achievement  led  to  his 
lordship's  promotion  to  the  rank  of 
post-captain,  which    was  Conferred 

on  him  on  the  8th  of  August,  L801, 

when  he  was  appointed  10  La  Rai- 


loo  frigate  t  but  the  n  of 

hostilities,   whu  h  lily  fol- 

lowed]   prevented  him  f>r  a  i. 
from  gaum  ing  freak  laurels. 

The  war.  howerer,  so..ii  n-coin« 
menoad.    The  mei 
an  officer  could  not  be  overlooked  ; 
and  accordingly,  we  find  bin 

after,    in    ( U  tobei    lV(  I 

to  the  Arabi     Fran   i b is  ihip  he 

was,  the  year  following,  removed  to 
the    Pallas   frigate   <>i    .','.'  guns,    in 
Which    he    proceeded    In  the    New- 
foundland   station,    and    where     be 
remained  but   a  short  time,      J 
beginning    of   1805,     he    wai 
from    England    with   dispatchei  to 
his  uncle,  Admiral  Cochrane,  who 
was  then   blockading  Ferrol;  and 
while  cruising  ofT  the  coast  of  Spain, 
his  lordship  had  the  good  fortune  to 
fall    in  with  and   tike   the  Fortuna, 
a    Spanish   vessel    from    Rio   d 
Plata,  with   diamonds,    gold 
silver,  dollars,  and  a   quantitj 
valuable  merchandize,  report' 
together  to  be  worth  £30 
The  generosity  of  Lord  Cochi 
his  oilieers,  and  ship's  company  on 
this  occasion,  to  the  Span 
tain  and  supercargo,  well 
to  be  recorded  for  the  lasting  honour 
of  the  national  character. 

"When  the  Spanish   captain,  ac- 
companied by  tli  i  rap 
was  a  merchant  and  pal  from 

New  Spain,  went  on  hoard  the  Pal- 
las,   they  appeared  extrei 
jected,    as  their   private    |  , 

amounting  to  90,000   dolls  , 

was  on  board  the   prize.      Th 
pen  of  the  Fortuna  being    \ 

they   informed  Lord   Cocbl 
they  had  families  in  Old  Spain, 
had    now  lost    all   their     ; 
hardly  earned  by  com: 
nearly  twenty  years, in  the  but 
JTS 


m 


LIFE   OF   LOUD   COCHRANE. 


clime  of  South  America,  -with  -winch 
they  were  returning  to  their  country, 
intending  there  lo  enjoy  (lie-  fruits 
of  their  industry.  The  captain 
stated  that  he  was  particularly  un- 
fortunate, haying  lost  a  like  sum  by 
a  similar  accident,  in  1779,  when  be 
was  obliged  to  begin  the  world 
again.  Their  distress  was  such  that 
Lord  Cochrane  could  not  help  feel- 
ing for  their  disaster;  and  with  that 
generosity  which  is  ever  the  at- 
tendant of  true  bravery,  he  con- 
sulted his  officers  on  the  propriety 
of  returning  each  of  those  gentle- 
men 5000  dollars  in  specie,  which 
was  immediately  agreed  to  be  done, 
according  to  their  respective  pro- 
portions. His  lordship  then  or- 
dered the  boatswain  to  pipe  all 
hands  on  deck  ;  and  addressing  his 
crew,  with  much  feeling,  but  in 
a  plain,  seaman-like  way,  stated 
the  above  particulars.  The  appeal 
was  successful  :  the  gallant  fellows, 
with  one  voice,  exclaimed,  u  Aye, 
aye,  my  lord,  with  all  our  hearts !" 
and  gave  three  cheers.  The  Spa- 
niards were  overcome  with  this  in- 
stance of  generosity,  and  actually 
shed  tears  of  joy  on  the  occasion. 

The  Fortuna  arrived  at  Plymouth 
on  the  7th  of  March,  and  on  the 
25(1  of  the  same  month  his  lordship 
sent  in  a  beautiful  Spanish  letter  of 
marque  of  14  guns,  of  considerable 
value. 

In  the  early  part  of  1S06  the  Pal- 
las v.as  attached  to  the  squadron 
under  Vice-Admiral  Thornborough 
off  Rochefort.  Her  enterprizing 
commander  having  received  intel- 
ligence that  several  vessels  were 
lying  in  the  river  Garonne,  he  pro- 
ceeded thither  ;  and  a  little  after 
dark,  on  the  5th  of  April,  the  Pallas 


was  anchored  close  to  the  shoal  of 
Cordovan.  About  three  o'clock, 
the  national  corvette  La  Tapageuse, 
of  fourteen  long  twelve-pounders 
and  95  men,  which  had  the  guard, 
was  boarded,  carried,  and  cut  out 
about  twenty  miles  above  the  shoals 
of  that  dangerous  river,  within  two 
heavy  batteries,  in  spite  of  all  re- 
sistance. The  flood-tide  ran  strong 
at  day-light  of  the  6th  ;  La  Tapa- 
geuse made  sail,  and  a  general 
alarm  was  given.  A  sloop  of  war 
followed  arid  commenced  an  action, 
which  was  continued,  often  within 
hail,  till  by  the  same  bravery  with 
which  the  corvette  was  carried,  the 
sloop,  which  had  been  before  saved 
by  the  rapidity  of  the  current  alone, 
was  compelled  to  sheer  off  with  con- 
siderable damage  in  her  hull. 

The  same  morning,    while  the 
Pallas  was  lying  at  anchor,  waiting 
for  the  boats,  which  did  not  return 
till  the  morning  of  the  9th,  three 
ships  were  observed  bearing  down 
towards  her,  making  many  signals. 
They  were  soon  perceived  to   be 
enemies.    In  a  few  minutes  the  an- 
chor was  weighed,    and  with   the 
I  remainder  of  the  officers  and  crew, 
his   lordship   drove  on    shore  and 
wrecked  one  national   ship  of  24 
1  guns,  another  of  22,  and  La  Mali- 
1  cieuse,  a  beautiful  corvette  of  18. 

It  must  excite  the  highest  astonish- 
ment that  the  destruction  and  cap- 
ture of  these  four  ships,  mount- 
ing 78  guns,  was  effected  with 
scarcely  any  loss  on  the  part  of  the 
Pallas,  which  had  none  killed,  and 
only  three  men  wounded. 

The  following  month  we  find  his 
lordship,  with  an  activity  equal  to 
his  enterprising  spirit,  engaged  in 
harassing  the  enemy  in  a  different 


T.11L    I    |     I  "I(  I)    (  0<  II  II  ^  I  • 


way.      F I . i \  i  that   the 

]  rencb  trade  had 

I ..  |  I    in  port,  un\ 

l,v  their  knowledge  «>i  the 
t nation  of  the  British  cruizers,  con- 
stantly announced  at  tfa 
post,,  ii  ipp  san  <\  to  him  i  > 
■orae  importance,  ai  there  ^as  no- 
thing betti  r  in  ■•■'■  w,  to  endearoor 
lo  vi,,p  thii  practice.  W  "th  his 
marinei  and  boat's «  rewi  beaecord- 
ished  the  two  posts  at 
i  ,  p  ite  de  la  Roche,  thai  of 
Caliola,  and  two  in  J.'  Inca  de 
Repot.  One  of  the  latter  wai  &  - 
fended  by  upwards  of  100  militia. 
All  the  Bags  were  brought  off,  and 
the  boutea  bttilt  by  gorenunent 
jrere  burnt  to  the  ground. 

On  the  9th  of  May,  an  attempt 
was  also  i  lade  on  the  battel 
Point  d'Equilon,  which  was  carried 
aj  once,  and  Laid  in  mint,  the  gWM 
spiked,  the  carriages  burned,  tin- 
barracks  and  magazine  blown  dp, 
and  all  the  shells  thro*  n  into  the 
sea.  The  signal-post  <>f  L'  Bquilon, 
together  with  the  house,  shared  tlic 
fate  of  tin-  gun-carriages;  hut  the 
convoy,  which  would  have  been  a 
desirable  capture,  escaped  into  a 
river,  beyond  the  reach  of  the  in- 
trepid  assailants, only  thfeeofwbom 

Were  WOQnded    in  the    different   at- 
tacks. 

\  i'cw  daw  afterwards,  his  lord- 
ship was  1  in  one  of  the  moat 
spirited  actions  performed  during 
the  war.      The  Pallas  being  the  in- 
shore look- >iit   frigate  ofVicerAd- 
mirul  Thornborough's  squad i 
Rochetbrt,    had,    on  the    Mih   of 
May,    borne  down   close  to   PFste 
d\\i\.    to  reconnoitre  the  French 
force,   when  his  lordship  pel 
a  frigate  of  10  guns  and  upward-, 


;i,,,l  ii,r,  e  ',,      ,  getting  and  i 
This    real  "'hi 

in, i   oblige  him  to   i  l  nqaish 
hope  i  ;  ,1"' ,M 

The    I'ii 
mill  b\  the  a  Ind,  to  an  i 
tagonieta.     At  I  all  p|v'  niean 

the    inor. 

firing  i  omrocuced  on  both 

sight  of  the  wl 

The  enemy  si 

one  of  the  b  ;i'  ■"  I"'  i 

The  batteries  on  l*Iale  d'Ain  i 

i  ,i  ,.  i  (be  Patina,  and  ■  canae 

interrupted  on  the  part  of  the 

only  by   the  nec<  lity  ot 

!o  avoid    la 
continued    till    OM    oYloek, 

his  lordship's  endearoon  I  i 
the  wind  <>f  the  enemy,  aa 
tween  htm  and  the  bait 

successful.      An  effectual  distance 

was  now  ebeaen,  a  faw  i  i 

poured    iii,   and    the    Irene  h- 

man'i  lire  slackened.     I  ad  < 
rone  ordered  that  of  the   P 

.    and    directed    the    nias'> 
run  the  frigate  041 
intention    of  prevent!' 

by  boarding.      The  enemy's  sidy 

thrust    the  fUM  ot   the  Pallaa  back 
into    the   portl 
I'onr  shot    in   ea<  !i. 
Charged.    The  cflivt  and  crash  were 
Ifaal  ;   the  enemy 'i   ira  I 

I.  his  decks  clenr- 
rtd  his  dastardly  crew 
ed  their  qnai  the  Fi 

in  alone  rem 

!  it  his  load 

ship.    Tl     Pallai 

top-.",  ist.  aa  1  receii  atesar 

ble  injury  in 

hull,  by  the 

coming  n  ;  with  the  enemy. 

In  this  <    •  ! 


49S 


I,IFE    OF    J.onD    COCHRANE. 


frigates  slipped  their  cables,  and 
bow  down  upon  her,  to  the  assist- 
ance of  their  consort.  Perceiving 
them  fast  approaching,  his  lordship 

was  reluctantly  compelled  to  quit 
his  well-earned  prize,  and  resign 
the  hononr  of  adding*  one  or*  the 
iincst  frigates  in  France  to  the  Bri- 
tish navy.  A  trait  in  the  conduct 
of  the  heroic  commander  of  the  Pal- 
las should  not  pass  unnoticed. — 
When  the  two  ships  were  on  board 
each  other,  his  lordship  skilfully 
ordered  his  bower  anchor  to  be  cast 
away  on  board  the  Frenchman,  to 
secure  him,  and  tow  him  out  with 
the  help  of  a  spring.  His  direc- 
tions were  obeyed,  but  the  Pallas 
was  obliged  to  cut  the  cable,  and 
leave  behind  this  token  of  posses- 
sion, from  which  the  enemy  might 
judge  of  the  size  of  our  little  frigate, 
if  shame  did  not  induce  them  to 
heave  it  overboard.  In  this  des- 
perate conflict,  the  Pallas  had  but 
one  man  killed  and  five  wounded. 
She  was  taken  in  tow  by  the  King- 
fisher sloop,  brought  out  to  sea,  and 
joined  the  squadron  next  morning. 
As  the  crippled  state  of  the  Pal- 
las obliged  her,  not  long  afterwards, 
lo  proceed  to  England  to  refit,  Lord 
Cochrane  was  removed  to  the  Im- 
perieuse,  which  he  still  commands. 
Ju  this  ship  he  has  been  equally 
successful  in  making  prizes,  and 
equally  indefatigable  in  harassing 
the  enemy.  Between  the  13th  of 
December,  1800,  and  the  7th  of 
January,  1807,  he  took  and  de- 
stroyed no  fewer  than  fifteen  ships 
of  the  enemy.  About  the  same 
time,  the  boats  of  the  Imperieuse 
made  a  successful  attack  upon  Fort 
Roquette,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
bason  of  Arcasson.  This  fort,  which 


was  intended  for  the  defence  of  the 
bason,  and  of  such  vessels  as  might 
be  lying  in  it,  >vas  completely  laid 
in  ruins  ;  a  large  quantity  of  mili- 
tary stores  was  destroyed  ;  four  .%*- 
pounders,  two  field-pieces,  and  a 
13-inch  mortar,  were  spiked,  and 
all  the  platoons  and  carriages  were 
burned.  Through  the  admirable 
manner  in  which  this  cnterprize  was 
conducted,  it  was  accomplished 
without  any  loss  whatever  on  the 
part  of  the  assailants. 

Since  the  revolution  in  the  go- 
vernment of  Spain,  his  lordship  has 
been  chiefly  employed  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, on  the  coast  of  Catalonia. 
His  proceedings  there  will  be  found 
detailed  in  our  extracts  from  the 
Gazettes  :  but  it  would  be  injustice 
not  to  introduce  here  the  tribute  of 
applause  paid  to  his  zealous  exer- 
tions by  the  Supreme  Junta  of  Ge- 
rona. 

"  This  gallant  Englishman,"  say 
they,  "  has  been  entitled  to  the  ad- 
miration and  gratitude  of  his  coun- 
try, from  the  first  moment  of  its 
political  resurrection.  His  genero- 
sity in  co-operating  with  our  ear- 
liest efforts,  the  encouragement  we 
received  from  the  interest  he  took 
with  the  commanders  of  the  Balearic 
Islands  to  induce  them  to  succour 
us  with  troops  and  ammunition,  can 
never  be  erased  from  our  recollec- 
tion. The  extraordinary  services 
which  we  owe  to  his  indefatigable 
activity,  particularly  this  city  and 
the  adjacent  coast,  in  protecting  us 
from  the  attempts  of  the  enemy, 
are  too  well  known  to  be  repeated 
here.  It  is  a  sulficient  eulogium 
upon  his  character  to  mention,  that 
in  the  defence  of  the  castle  of  Tri- 
nadad,    when    the    Spanish    flag, 


LIFE    "i     L0  ii  i»    i.  OCH  iiANk. 


4     < 


hoisted  <»ii  die  wall,  fell  into  fin- 
(lii<  h,  under  ;i  iimsi  dreadful  lire 
front  the  enemj  ,  his  lordship  was  | 
(In-  onl \  person  who,  regardlc  i  of 
Hit*  slioui  i '  of  balls  flying aboul  liii  t, 
descended  into  1 1  ■  <  -  ditch,  returned 
with  (lir  flag,  and  happily  bui  i  i  ed- 
ed  in  placing  it  w  here  ii  was  before." 

The  rea  n\  escape  <>f  the  French 
M<vt  from  l»rc^(  into  Basq 
has  afforded  I  «ord  Cochrane  a 
rioui  opportunity  of dlsplaj  ing  his 
characteristic  seal  and  ardour. — 
Having  from  hi>  former  services  ac- 
quired a  thorough  knowledge  of 
that  part  of  the  French  coast,  he 
was  enabled  to  submit  toministen  a 
plan  lor  the  destruction  of  the  hostile 
fleet  :  which  was  not  only  approv- 
ed, but  he  himself  was  charged 
with  its  execution.  The  gem  ral 
outline  of  this  achievement  is  given 
in  t  lie  official  account  inserted  in 
another  place*  we  shall  therefore 
confine  ourselves  here  (<>  c'u  h 
resting  particulars  aa  more  imme- 
diately concern  the  hero  by  whom 
i(  was  accomplished,  whose  daring 
spirit,  and  total  disregard  of  all 
personal  consideration,  were  not 
only  never  exceeded,  but  perhaps 
never  equalled. 

Lord  Cochrane  person. illy  con- 
ducted the  explosion  ship,  which 
had  been  charged  by  himself  in  a 
manner  than  which  nothing  more 
dreadful  was  ever  contrived.  Hav- 
ing caused  about  1,500  barrels  of 
powder  to  be  started  into  pun- 
cheons, the  latter  Mere  placed  end 
upwards,  and  on  the  tops  of  them 
were    laid    between    tv,  .>   and   three 

thousand  hand-grenades.  The  pun 


•  on    ■ 
item,  as  lolid  as.  pw  iblc,  that  the 
resi  talk  e  mi  jbl  rendei  the  explo- 
sion more  v  ioiei  t.    In  thii  inn 
instrument   <>!    d<   ti  I      I 

('«»(  Inane  <  ami  titted  If  with 

only    one   lien*,  nant    and  I'mir 

men  i  and  nit'  i  the  I  •  bich 

had  bt  -ri  (In  >.\   | 

was  broken,  h 

with   this   exj  hip   ton 

the  i  nemj  *n  line.  W  b<  d  i(  ii  u 
that,  at  this  mom 
on  shore  were  provided  w  ith 
naces  for  red-hoi  shut,  the  hon  >i« 
oi  tuch  a  situation  must  be  do 
sufficient  to  appal  the  bravest  mind. 
i  sooner  were  the  I  dis- 

covered  by  the  enemy,  than  they 
cut  their  t 

\\  hen    Lord  Cochran 
ducted  his  explosion-ship  a> 
to  them  as 'possible,  he  !  hi  ^ 

little  crew   info  tin    boat,  an  I 

■  !  them,  after  setting  fire  to  the 
fuse,  which  was  calculated  t" 
them   fifteen    minutes  t  I  get   out  of 
the  reach   of  the  explosion      I 
wind,    however,    being   high,    the 
fuse   burned  too  quickly  ; 
,  notwithstanding   ih<'   utm< 
,  tion  against  wind  and  ti  !c.tlu\  wcro 
Bix    minutes   nearer  than    I 

■d  at  the  time  of  the 
mendons  explosion  c\er  cont 
|  by  human  art,  an  the 

1  bursting  at  once  of  near  400 
;  and   900   hand-gi 
down  a  shower  of  i 
direction.     1 1 

i  natelv    reached    just    beyond 
sphere  of  destrui  tion :  but  thi 

coat  the   life  oi  the 
cheona  were  fastened  tog  nt,  who  died  in  the 

cables,     and    moistened    sand    was     boat,  partly  from  f  utd  part- 

rammed  down  between  them,  so  as     ly  drowned  by   ii.  iiich 


500 


LIFE    OP    LORD    COCHRANE. 


continually  broke  over  them.  Two 
of  the  lour  seamen  were  likewise  so 
exhausted,  that  their  recovery  was 
despaired  of. 

Having  reached  Ihe  Imperieuse, 
Lord  Cocl  rane  was  the  first  to  go 
down  to  Ihe  attack  :  his  ship  was  for 
more  than  an  hour  the  only  English 
man  of  war  in  the  harbour.  His 
attack  and  capture  of  the  Calcutta, 
which  had  one-third  more  guns 
than  the  Imperieuse,  is  a  just  sub- 
ject of  admiration. 

The  repetition  of  the  explosions 
was  so  dreaded  by  the  French,  that 
immediately  crowding  all  sail,  they 
ran  before  wind  and  tide  so  fast, 
that  the  fire-ships  could  not  over- 
take them  before  they  were  high 
and  dry  on  shore,  except  three  74's 
and  the  Calcutta,  Which  were  after- 
wards engaged,  taken,  and  burned. 
In  this  scene  of  devastation,  Lord 
Cochrane  forcibly  illustrated  the 
observation,  that  it  is  the  charac- 
teristic of  true  courage  and  great- 
ness of  mind,  when  in  the  midst  of 
the  most  imminent  danger,  to  save 
and  succour  those  whom  superior 
valour  has  brought  to  the  verge  of 
destruction.  The  attention  of  his 
lordship  was  soon  directed  to  the 
rescue  of  the  vanquished  from  the 
devouring  elements.  In  bringing 
away  the  people  of  the  Ville  de 
Varsovie,  he  would  not  allow  even 
a  dog  to  be  abandoned  ;  but  took  a 
crying  and  neglected  little  favour- 


ite up  in  his  arms,  and  carried  it 
away.  But  a  still  greater  proof  of 
his  humanity  was  exhibited  towards 
a  captain  of  one  of  the  French  ships, 
who  came  to  deliver  to  him  his 
sword,  lamenting  that  all  he  pos- 
sessed in  the  world  was  about  to  be 
destroyed  by  the  conflagration  of 
his  ship.  Lord  Cochrane  instantly 
got  into  the  boat  with  him,  and 
pushed  off  to  assist  his  prisoner  in 
retrieving  the  most  valuable  part 
of  his  properly  :  but  in  passing  a 
ship  which  was  on  fire,  her  loaded 
guns  began  to  go  off,  a  shot  from 
which  killed  the  French  captain  by 
his  lordship's  side,  and  so  damaged 
the  boat,  that  she  filled  with  water, 
and  the  rest  of  the  party  had  a  nar- 
row escape  with  their  lives. 

Immediately  after  this  victory, 
Lord  Cochrane  returned  to  Eng- 
land in  the  Imperieuse,  accompa- 
nied by  Sir  Harry  Neale,  who  was 
charged  with  the  official  dispatches 
of  Admiral  Gambier.  We  have  no 
doubt  that  his  meritorious  services 
will  be  as  honourably  rewarded  by 
his  majesty  and  his  ministers,  as 
they  are  duly  appreciated  by  all 
ranks  of  his  countrymen. 

We  must  not  omit  to  mention, 
that  Lord  Cochrane,  at  the  general 
election  in  180G,  was  returned  to 
parliament  for  the  borough  of  Ho- 
niton,  and  the  following  year  was 
elected  one  of  the  representatives 
of  the  city  of  Westminster. 


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■'. .: 

->9 

37 

Hail 

Ditto 

3 

00.80 

4j 

45 

52 

41 

Fair 

Ditto 

4 

00  93 

40 

44 

52 

42 

Rain 

Ditto 

5 

4« 

48 

55 

40 

Fair 

Cloudy 

6 

31  .22 

50 

53 

r>7 

50 

Ditto 

Faii- 

7 

O0.32 

53 

58 

64 

50 

Ditto 

Ditto 

b 

00.30 

54 

58 

04 

48 

Ditto 

Ditto 

9 

00.23 

55 

S9 

65 

49 

Ditto 

Ditto 

]0 

it".:  S 

57 

59 

67 

Ditto 

Ditto 

j  i 

30.00 

59 

()! 

70 

50 

Ditto 

Ditto 

12 

02 

64 

72 

Ditto 

Ditto 

13 

o'j.OO 

64 

•  '3 

71 

50 

D:tl<> 

Ditto 

14 

29-96 

04 

6*J 

7-' 

50 

Ditto 

Ditto 

15 

I..'.:  6 

GO 

58 

68 

55 

Rain 

Ditto 

1G 

00.79 

60 

64 

70 

57 

Fair 

Ditto 

17 

00.86 

64 

G5§ 

73 

60 

Ditto 

Cloudy 

18 

00.82 

G.5 

7" 

72 

03 

Ditto 

Raiu 

rg 

00.60 

05 

03 

72|| 

55 

Rain 

Ditto 

20 

OO.79 

58 

5  3 

Oi 

51 

Ditto 

Fail- 

21 

OO.93 

55 

57 

Gl 

50 

Fair 

Ditto 

22 

30.18 

54 

54 

G3 

53 

Ditto 

Ditto 

r    — 



— 

— 

— 

~ 

*  Hail  al  II  A.  M.     Lightning  and  thunder  at  1  P.M.        f  Too  cloudy  to  observe  the  eclipae. 

4  Lightning  at  11  P.  M.         §  At  10  high  wind,    with  lightning.     Sultij  hot. 

||  In  the  afternoon  tremendous  thunder  and  lightning,  with  heavy  ruin. 


P R ICES 


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:!to      -     -     -     -        -       58.  per  sh    pm- 
Imperial  ditto       -    -     -     -     £\  per  ct.  pm. 

..•.;•.  -Ass. 4s.  persh.  pun. 

Kc;il  Fire  Office  -  -  .""f '  a  5  15  per  sh.  pro. 
Commercial  Dock  Stock  -  £3<j  p.  sh  pm. 
Grand  Junction  Canal  Shares  )  17  a  l'50gs  p  eh. 
Kennett  k  Avon  ditto       -      £23  0  per  ah.  pm. 

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General  Agents,  13,  Cornhill, 


- 


Golden-Lar:e  Brewery  original  So/. 

shares        -     -     -     -        95  a  97gs.  per  sh. 
British  Ale  Brewery  -         -  £3  10pm. 

Fust  London  Water- Works      51  a  52gs.  pm. 
West  Si iddlraex  ditto      -      -         £l3al5pm. 
London  Institution  -     -     34  0  per  share 

Surrey  ditto  - £32  do. 

Auction  Mart 25  to  30gs    pm 

Vauxball  Bridge  Shaixs        -     4  10  a  Pur. 
Strand  Ditto       -     -     -     -       4  0  a  4  4  pr.  sh. 
Hope  Cattie  Insurance    -  -  -  -  Par. 

LEWIS,  WOLFE,  and  Co. 

Change  Alley. 


r,i  , ,  the  Alphabet 


\  i  II.  ■    I!,  nham, 
Mi    J 

/ 1  .         1 1  M 
r  .  |  76 .— A  t  1 : 

Di  1  r,  1  m.  11  v  mi  111  hi        Married 

eld,  the  R<      I  Esthei 

\  t  \\  oriuinghall,  F.I  •    , 

I     it « 1 
I   .  .        \i  si.  nrkli  y.  Mi   .1    Bi  11,       .  .1  i"" 
111  \i    <     .;.,,     Mi 

iiiion 
.:  Pcover,   Vli      II     Drs     . 

..    «  hurt  bommn  —  Vt   8to<  !. 

(    .'!(  \  \\    \  I    1^ 

I 

I  .    ll;in  ton,   Bgl  <l    'ii        \t    1  Owej  ,     .Mi- 
I  if 

Cl  MBBB  i  r.r        i 
\\  ilson,  esq    to  M       Hod  rton 

|    Ai   Wli,  ! 

>  —  \l  Ki    «  <  U,    Mi     I    lii^lau  I 
os. — At  Pooi  ith,  M       I 
\i    I  rreaJ    Orion,    Mi    J.   Sti 
Ai  \\  01  king  too,  Copt.  •'     I 
Hill,  il  <■  U.  \    \\  m    Kn h 

Devonshire.— Afan         It  Exeter,  Lieut. 
l'<  >  on,  K    N     i"  M  i  ■  i  ompsoa    -At  1 
bembury,  Mr.  J.   Hembnry,  a;<il  19,  to  Mrs 
jM.  Boud,  aged  75. 

t    1    ■  1.  r,    tl>«    i:«v.   <      Wat  kins, 

Bumi  11  ■     \i   Bow,  J.  U11. 

•  tq — At  Plymouth,  Lieut.  <•    Disting, 

of  tin'    n  >.l   marines. —  Mr-     Herbert. — Ai 

1   near  Kingsbridgi ,  Miss  M.  A.  P 

D0B8BT. —  Sforrierf]     Ai   Weymouth,    1 

t  Hint  on,  mo  of  Earl  Poulett,  t<>  th< 

1    .  quharson, 

l)i  nu  im —  i'.  tried.]     At  Croxd  di  . 

Blondell,  esq.  to  Miss  Stanley. — At  Durham. 

'I    Grecnweil,  eaq    to   Miss  I.  Hays — At  Ki- 

shopwoarmouth,  Ralph  Coxon,  esq.    to  Mi-n 

itS 
At  Pishburn,  Mr  (>    Trotte  . 

x.  —  Married]     At    Wapstead,     I 
*  |.  to  Miss  H.  ("an  ne. 

esq. — 
At     Walthamstovr,     P.     Mel  l  — At 

(  In  Imsfbrd, 

—  At  Bockl      ,] 

I    Bq. 

HIRE. — Du  •'  '      Ait. 

I         .    I  • 

'  I  .ml).  , —  \:  !      i-,',    F 

;  1    -At  Tetbtfl 
Maskch  rebury,  Mr.  John 

Rampshi 

to  M  ss  Catmore. 

.1     I        : 

Herefordshire.-  Hf 

.  \ .  Sir  .'.  Dnttoi  '  90. 

Sup,   Vol.  I. 


■ 

1  11  —  A 

I 

1 

• 

Mulling,     J     &  I         1 

it    J  I 

to  Mi      \     1 
Do  i    .'.i  1 

:i:i       -    .; 

'  I 
\t     I 

• 

Inn. 

At  Him 
LimoLEsniRE  ] 

!'<>r.l,  IV.  HPI,  <  .|    to  \ 

I 
1  — At 

Mis       '« 

nil. 
Ml  I.  I    I       |EX  —  I 

Si  nit, 
B    1 

—  Major  W      i 

brated  musical  com 
Drorj 

I  1  J<  urn 

\ 
Corntn 
F.   Cunliffe, 

I 
r the  i  ,  to 

I 
Ii 

—  Iii  Loudon,   II.      y, 
Erelyn,  eaq    M  P.— 

iromi  ii  ■ 

redyth  —Colonel  H 

'    '  I 

Borford,  « s.j.— J.  t  • 
I 

h<  r  ma  1 

^hop 

\     ' 
U   Crimplc*ham,    Misa   S     B 

3  L 


IX"DEX. 


aged  21. — At  East  Hailing,  Mr.  R.  Bennett,  | 
aged  85 

NOTTINGHAM> — Married.]  At  Balderton, 
G.  Hodgkinsou,  gent,  to  Miss  C.  Cuskin. 

Northumberland. — Died.]  At  Newcas- 
tle, Mr.  T.  Marshall,  aged  86. — At  Hexham, 
Mrs.  Liddie. 

N  o KT t :  A  M  pto x  s h  I R f . —  1\ tarried.]  A t  Cas- 
tor, tlic  Rev.  R.  Spran^r,  toMissS.  M.  White. 
Died.]  At  Aynho,  .Mrs.  S.  PrOwett,  aged 
90.  — At  Daventry,  Mrs.  Tallowfield. —  At 
Northampton,  Mr.  C.  Smith.  —  At  Uuiidlc, 
Miss  SberSrd. 

OXFORDSHIRE. — Married.]  At  Oxford,  W. 
Whitwortb.esq.  to  Miss  R.  Court. — At  Wheat- 
field,  the  Rev.  15.  Pope,  to  Miss  C.  Virel. 

Died.]  At  Oxford,  the  Rev.  E.  St.  John.— 
Mrs.  Brock,  aged  B4. 

Shropshire. — Married]  At  West  Felton, 
Mr.  T.  Lith,  aged  so,  to  S.  Lloyd,  aged  30. 

Died.]     At  Orleton,  W.  Cludde,  juu.  esq. — 
At  Shrewsbury,  C.  P.  Stanicr,  esq.  aged  33. — 
Miss  S.  L.  Pan  -  — At  Donnington,  W.  Yates,  I 
gout. — At  Whitchurch,  Cieorge,  youngest  son 
of  J.  Brookes,  esq. 

i  nsKTjiuKF. — Married]  At -Bath,  Ma- 
jor GoldswpTthy,  of  the  East  India  Company's 
service,  to  Miss  Livesey. —  At  Clifton,  the 
Hon.  Capt.  Gardner,  R  N.  to  .Mis:  C.  V, 
Straubenzee. — The  Hon.  J.  Hewitt,  eldest  son 
of  Viscount  Lifford,  to  the  Hon.  M.A.  Maude, 
sister  of  Viscount  Hawarden 

Died.]  At  Bath,  Walsh  Porter,  esq.— Mis. 
Stephens. —  At  Clifton,  E.  L.  Harford',  esq. — 
At  Thornfa'eon,  Mary  Co'iman,  aged  106. — 
At  Belle  Vuc,  pear  Bath,  Zachary  Bayley, 
esq. — At  Bristol,  the  Rev.  f\  Bulkeley. 

St  IFPORDSHIB  cd.]  At  Lichfield, 

the  Rev.  J.  Constable,  to  Miss  F.  Dobson. 

Died.]  At  Abbots  Bromlev,  Mrs.  E.  B'.ack- 
veU,  aged  a.".— At  Leek,  Mrs.  Wood,  aged  76. 
—At Stafford,  Mr.T.T.  Nkholls. — At  Cornp- 
ton,  Airs.  Evans. 

Surrey. — Married]  At  Camberwefl,  Dr. 
Whiter     of  Worthing,  to  Miss  Curteis. — At 


Egham,  Joseph  Gulston,  esq.  to  Miss  A.  M 
Know  h  s. 

Died]  At  the  Oaks,  Lady  L.  E.  S.  Stanley, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Derby. — At 
Dorking,  Mr.  George  Birch.— At  Dulwieb, 
the  u  idow  of  Alderman  Wright. — At  Clapham, 
R.  Eaton,  esq.  ->ged  80. 

Sussex — Married]  At  Brighton,  the  Rev. 
G.  Monell,  to  the  Hon.S.  Hamilton,  daughter 
of  Viscount  Boyne. 

Died.]  At  Landport,  the  infant  son  of  T. 
Tourle,  esq. 

Wa  RW ICRSHIRE.  —  Married.]  At  Sut ton 
Coldfield,  E.  Grove,  esq.  to  Emilia,  second 
daughter  of  Sir  E.  C.  Hartopp,  Bart. 

Died.]  At  Warwick,  Mrs.  Whitehead. — At 
Birmingham,  J.  Morfitt,  esq. — Dr.  Croft. 

Wiltshire. — Married^]  At  Crickiade,  the 
Rev.  \\.  Wavell,  to  Miss  Ponlton. 

Died.]  At  Church  Yatfon,  Miss  S.  Pidding. 
— At  Merc,  the  Rtv.  T.  Groves,  aged  64. — 
At  Salisbury,  Mrs.  Spencer. 

Worcestershire. — Died.]  At  Worcester, 
Mr.  G  R.  Pa! nn  r. — Mrs.  Hooper. — At  Rock, 
the  wife  of  the  Rev.  R.  Liugcn. — At  Broms- 
grove,   Mr.  J.  Clarke. 

Yorkshire. — Died.]  At  York,  Miss  Fair- 
fix. —  Mrs.  GoOdricke.  —  Alexander  Hunter, 
M.  D.  F.R.S.  many  yars  physician  to  the 
York  Lunatic  Asylum. — At  Ripon,  the  widow 
of  Dr  Kilvington. —  At  New-building,  near 
Thirsk,  F.  Smyth,  esq.  aged  71  —At  Shef- 
tict.1,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  R.  Hawksworth. — 
At  Thwing,  Mrs.  Dawson,  aged  107. 

Wat.es  —  Worried.]     At  Rhyddlan,    the 
Rev.  H.  Hebcr,  to  Miss  A.  Shipley. 

Died.]  At  Heathfield,  near  Swansea,  the 
lady  of  Sir.  G-  Powell. — At  Beaumaris,  the 
Rev.  E.  Waterson,  rector  of  Normanton,  and 
vicar  of  Sleaford,  Lincolnshire. — At  Llanley, 
T.  Bow  en,  esq.  aged  94. 

Scotland. —  Died.]  At  Edinburgh,  Major- 
General  Alexander  Mackay,  deputy  adjutant 
general  for  North  Britain. 

Irixand. — Died.]  At  Prospect,  countv  of 
Dublin,  the  Rev.  O.  Millar. 


INDEX. 


Ackermaxx's  Repo?',:<>-. ■;• «  1  Art?,  description 
of  it 53 

A<?am,  Mr.  his  new  work  on  Epidemics  an- 
nounced       248 

JEmilius  Portus,  a  new  edition  of  his  Ionic 
Lexicon  announced 390 

Agricultural  produce,  reflections  on  the  waste 
to  which  it  is  lia'.de,  j  ,<j — of  the  various 
modes  in  which  that  watte  is  incurred 

220,  2[) 6,  3  77 

Agricultural  Reports,  co-.ir.ty,  announced      37 

Agricultural  Reports,  monthly 

51,  12J,  1?9,  '245,313,  3fl6 

Agrippiua,  wife  of  Germanu  is,  her  tomb  361 
Aisemens,  Father,  anecdote  of  him     .     .    254 

Alexandet,  Emperor  of  Russia,  review  of  his 
political  conduct,  38 — reflections  on  it    311 

Alupka,  in  the  Crimea,  romantic  scenery  in  its 
environs 3G7 


ATuscbta,  in  the  Crimea,  description  of  it    365 
Amelia's  Letters     ....        211,287,371 
America,  North,  letters  from        27S,  368,  447 
American  State:;,  observations  on  the  political 
system  pursued  by  them     ....       113 
Amphlett,  ?'Tr.  J.  his  Ned  Ben tley  reviewed  317 
Andre,  Major,  Narrative  of  the  Causes  which 
led  to  his  Death  reviewed     .       .     .     .     316 
Ar.geunes,  Julia  d',  description  of  the  poetical 
garland  presented  to  her     ....      323 
Antoninus,  column  of,   account  of  a  basso-re- 
lievo upn;i  it 453 

Architecture,  history  of  that  art,  131 — its  origin 
in  India,  132 — its  introduction  into  Egypt 
and  its  progress  in  that  country,  134 — archi- 
tecture of  the  Babylonians,  199 — of  the 
Phoenicians  and  Israelites,  200 — architec- 
ture of  the  ancients,  its  general  character, 
201 — architecture  of  the  Greeks  and  Ro- 


. 


In    Hi 



Il  ,  Ml I    I 

II, ml.  i  ii    OIMS 

i  inn!  politi ,  iatrodw  Hon  l 

,  '■      i.i. 
Aii.,  iiik  ,  in  trod  m  lion  l  .         i  , 

.\i  i  ,  i.     ... 

il.  iu 

is,  lake,  dc*  .1 

I'. 

'mines 

I  !•!.     I     I        <     ll.ll  l<  S,    III-,    1   ■  ,,||    )[,,. 

Of  till        M  UCO  Ml   I'll.. Mm      of    (II: 

revii  ni-.l 

r       . .    '■;  i     l  Dm     .  -   1  .   i 

red :i-(, 

I  1  hal  |.l;icv 

Bataklai  a,  in  the  <  1  in«  a,  &  scriptioa  ■■!"  it  431 

Baldrey,  Mr.  J    K  bii   priot  of 

tin-  smst  iriadow  of  l.  I  1  bap  | 

I   uobridge  

i  ,  Mr.  bis  de*«  ripi .   n  »'  an 

t".>i-  jiioi'iirini;  fire  m~ t :tntuin  ji,w 

Bankl  i'|>|ru  -,  monthly  lists  "1 
l-T.   ' 

Baakrapts,  ejaertea  respecting  ■!'     1:  ill   tad 
punishment  incurred  bj  those  ■  I 
tin  11  effecta  or  ah)  thi  it  — au- 

-  In  them 

Baiii.uild,    Mfl     ■  colkrt.ii.i 

Iin  I..  1  announc  ■ .! 

Barlow,  Mr.  Jot  I,  reprint  oflu-  Cohuahi 

11011:10  d n 

Barriafrtoa,  Sir  Jonah,  bis  S  1        Rfea 

the    I  nidii  ot  (ii.al  Britain  and  Ireland  au- 

nouuet'd     ...  

I 
•Is,  destruction  o!  the  run.  ' 

thi  re 

,  a  ralb  y,  in  t!.    I 
it     .     .     .     !     .     . 
Beatti  trel     . 

Beaaty,  on  the  !■•  •      .       an 

to  1!.'  m 
Bt-li'our,  Mr.  bis  Spanish  I!     .  ,    n,  n  m 

ramai  ce  aaaoaac    ! 

I!.1 1,    I 

1 
IM.  . .   Ret      1      1   -    \  ... 
asj—a  aced 

H.  1  I.i  -  1,.  : 

iii  r,  Gen<  :  nl 

I  H  f  the  W 

Uuad- 
rwp<  ds  and  Whales  announced 
Birch,  Mf  - 

dan 123 

>p,   Mr.  obs  ..  bis  masi 

new  op  ra 

- ,    \ 
13! »;;.'.  K.  v   I'     ert,  ■  ) 
annoauced 


! 

1 1  4 

i  •  • 

••  in  paraasd  l»>    I 
and   < 

1 
! 

146 

. 
Bowli    . 

Poei      I  ;  i 

I 

I 

t 
by  him  an  1   •! 

. 

llOlllllCil 

I 

Brown,    Mi       ! 

I      .      .       . 
■  .   l>r    bis  w..rk  (1 
ch\  lus  an  s(> 

Buirowts,  Mr     bis  u.ano- forte 

I 

f  :  !n   Crimea,  de- 
,  ii.. 11  of  it, 
ii.j.  fa  ro- 

.     . 
'  I    444 

1 

■ 

;y 

8   rks  of  Li  a  Country 

.... 

■ 

e  Battle  of 
la,  aunoun 
scriptioa  •  : 

ifa  and 
. 
*  re- 
I  1     .      .      . 

up  l. 

- 

Chain  1  » 

- 

14  J 

Charles  VI  fiiail  -  :rirea  by  ■ 

.;     . 
•A  Burgw. 

tren:«. 


INDEX. 


Charles  IX.  of  Sweden,  remarkable  challenge 
suit  by  In  in  to  the  king  of  Denmark       434 

Cheese,   curious  note    on   that   subject    to  a 
French  translation  of   Martial's   Epigrams 

144 

Cbi  niistrv,  history  of  that  science,  10 — 14,  6.> 

Chinese  edicts 93,  loci 

Ciai  chettini,  V.  his  six  Waltzes  reviewed    390 

Ciutra,  convention  of,  result  of  the  inquiry  re- 
lative to  it 110 

Circassian  females,  manner  in  which  they  are 

bought  and  sold "  336 

Selection  of  the  Beauties  of 
Puiccll  reviewed,  1  17 — his  Ocean  Tomb  re- 
viewed   

Clarke,  Dr.  his  Observations  on  Diseases  iu- 
cidi  ;it  to  long  Voyages  reviewed     .     .     384 

Clothing,   materials   used    for    that    purpose 
among  different  nations      ....      350" 

Coal,  on  the  application  of  the  gas  obtained 
from  it  to  the  purpose  of  affording  light  229 

Cochrane  Lord,  Account  of  his  Lift   and  Ex- 
ploits       494 

Colic  e,  method  of  making  itin  Germany,  17— 
its  medical  properties,  19— history  of  it    70 

Colouring,  splendid,  observations  ou     .       409 

Compass,  intellectual,  description  of  one   407 

Composition  fur  healing  wounds  in  tr.es     159 

Copenhagen,  vindication  ofthe  attack  on  that 
city 09 

Corinthian  order,  its  origin      ....      267 

tern,  Mr.  P.  A.  his  Feast  of  Erin  reviewed, 
— bis  Caro,  Caro  Cavatina  ri  •, :  u<  ■ 

Coruuna,  battle   of,    176 — surrender  of  that 
place  to  the  French 24i 

Coursing  meetings,  method  of  proceeding ai 
them 57 

Cramer,  Mr.  J.  13.  bis  Studio  per  il  piano-forte 
reviewed,  3jt — his  hornpipe  in  L»M  1 
Secret  reviewed 30] 

Crimea,thet  peni  p'ropi  -edas  a  retreat  for 

in  the  event  of  their 
1»  in  :  0  '..  ed  to  li  ave  their  country,  165 — 
its  productions,  166— historical  and  geogra- 
phical account  of  it      .      833,291,364,436 

Cumae,  cavern  of,  described     ,     .     .       .     28(i 

Cycieplant  rchitecture,  facts  relative  toit.453 

Cyrillo,  a  Neapolitan  physician,  reflections  on 
Iris  fate     ...        D        ....      101 

Damtu,  Christian,  his  interpretation  of  a  pas- 
'.72 

Danes,  th  ir  singular  method  of  drinking    450 

Daniel,  Rev.  W.  bis  History  ofthe  Horse  an- 
nounced      ".      .      .      .      119 

Dai  i(  b,  R< v  Edwai  d,  <  ■«>;  tinualion  of  his  Celtic 
Rest  i)!.)ired 112 

Davy,  Mr.  <  1  chemistry  69,21(1, 300 

-,  monthly  lists  of  them     125,  19s,  258 

3.12,  503 

of  Egypt,  proposed  as  a  retreat  for  the 

Spanish  patriots  in  the  event  of  their  being 

obliged  to  leave  their  conn  try     .       .      165 

Dc  Luc,  M.  his  Elementary  Treatise  on  Geo- 
tounced 379 

Dioscorides,  the  first  writer  who  makes  men- 
tiou  ofsugar 167 

Dividends,  monthly  lists  of 

)  27,  195,  26l,  3*5,  403 

Donovan,' Mr.  tb  itionof  his  History 

-  announced      .  4-2 

-  1   by  the  ancients 

Wa^.      -      -  guests  during  repasts       I4t> 


Dress,  observations  on  that  ofthe  English  by 
tin  ancient  author .      305 

Drew,  Mr.  Essay  on  the  Resurrection  an- 
nounced    .  379 

Drinking  healths,  inquiry  respecting  the  origin 
of  that  custom,  ljs — facts  relative  to  it 

140,451 

Dublin  Society,  its  proceedings      ...      46 
Dubois,  Cardinal,  bis  character     .      .      .      453 
Dubost,  Christopher,  his  Commercial  Arith- 
metic and  Elements  of  Commerce  reviewed 

Diuls,  observations  on  them     ....    433 
Duff,  Mrs.  lh'.es  inscribed  on  her  portrait  ^57 
Dyer,  John,  his  lines  on  the  luxury  of  the  Hu- 
mans       432 

E 
Earthenware,  process  tor  mailing  it      .        102 
Edgeworth,  Mr.  his  work  on  Professional  Edu- 
cation announced 182 

Edinburgh  Review,  strictures  on  that  publica- 
tion       -        -        -        -        -  2 .  i 
Eggs,  historical  facts  relative  to  them  144 
Egypt,  origin,  progress,  and  character  of  the 
architecture  of  that  country           -  134 
Electro-chemical  science,  0:1  the  recent  disco- 
veries iu  it          ....         213,300 
Elephanta,  description  of  the  ancient  Indian 
templeof        -----        139 
Eltncs,  Mr.  James,  bis  Dictionary  of  the  Line 
Arts  announced          -  1 14 
Enfield,  Mr.  his  Encyclopaedia  announced  247 
Eugel,  anecdotes  extracted  from  bis  Universal 
Philosopher         -         -           -          -           3^5 
Engraver,  letter  from  one  to  a  physician     295 
Entremets,  description  of  the  spectacles    so 

called 146 

Essays  on  the  Art  of  War  announced  37 

,  Rev.  Mr.  his  Essays  addressed  to  the 

Jews  announced    .      -  -  -  3S;i 

Exhibition  of  Paintings  at  Somerset-house,  at 

Spring-Gardens,  and  in  Bond-street 

4bb,  491,  493 
F 
Fairs,  list  of  them  ...        60 

Fan-hy-cheu,  history  of        ...        15 
ons,  comparison  of  the  ancient  and   mo- 
dern       -         -  .  -         -         -       170 
Fashions,  ladie?,  monthly  report  of  them 

52,  122,  185,  2  19,  328,  307 
Fashions,  gentlemen's,  mo;."  idy  report  of  them 
52,  lb6,  25o,  33V,  39$ 
Fer.elon.  anecdote  of  him  -  -  325 

Fenton,  ?Jr.  his  Tour  through  Pembrokeshire 
announced         -----      38O 
Ferrol,  surrender  of  that  place  to  the  French 

24! 
Fischer,  Mr.  his  method  of  bleaching  straws  1 7 
Fori    I  taws,  review  of  them  -         56,95 

Fragments  and  anecdotes,  miscellaneous     252 
France,  dreadful  picture  of  that  country  pre- 
sented as  a  warning  to  other  nations,  345 — ■ 
observations  on  the  real  cause  of  her  military 
triumphs        -        -        -        -        -       4l* 
Francis  I.  of  Fiance,  his  reply  to  a  challenge 
of  tbe  Emperor  Charles  V.        -         -      434 
the  (irtat,  anecdote  of  him  3_", 

Frede.  icton,   the  capital  of  New   Brunswick, 
described         ...         -         -         44« 
Frey,  Riv.  Mr.  his  ?<*n.:tivc  of  himself)  and 
English  Hi  announced     380 

Furniture,  fashionable  articles  of 

54,  183,  254,  331,  409 


INHf.T  . 


Gait,   Mi     hii   i   i 

|I<M|        111  -  -  -  -  I 

«,l 

'  I 

OB    It!  :i|i|iln  BtioU    l<>    I 

i i  ■    lighi 

< .  , 

<;<  il.  Mi    bii  Hi'  mpl    at  pri 

7 
Girdli  -  in:..-,  Rr»    J.  ti        lal  I 

i  ...  i 

« 

i"  1 1    in   i 

<  ,   i:  v    (1.  I 
in  if  Ireland 

(  li...  'I  :  i  . 

<  i.il  I, 

■i 

1  ■■,  I .   i !  of,  fl 

I 

ad         ...... 

Gi  irrangemenl 

of  I  !:<i'   [mi  ite  hou 
< .  , 

1  cri| I   ili'    •    :" 

grouse,  at    ouut  •  i        -        -        -  379 

II 

i 

1  I  4 

Halil 
agrii 

lt->  mil'.!.  I  ,:.is  - 

njT,  I lin* ill  and  * 

grand 

:  .  Mi    bin    I  ife  ol    Lord  *  I arlcmont  an- 

.1,1  -  -  -  - 

Harraden  and  So 

Hats,   I •■■    rii    I   particulars  relatire  to  tbem 
his  Lift'  of  Romney  anno  . 

1  13 

.  J  ption  of  u  Latin 

ileum  -  -  i  -  i 

in  that  island  si  I 

i  •  for  producing  in- 

flammable 

- 
il.  ii.  r,  desi   ipl    ■  >  of  a  remarkable  one  i 

v»  1 1 !  i  h  -  -  -  i  _■  i 

llilii  ii:;-.  iii  •  ■•  linin  • 
. 
v.ni.,  iewed  363 

i  uiin  pw  in  (band 
. 
ered  among  its  nana  -  4jo. 

.laliiv.'  pkysi- 
- 
Homer,  bis  des   riptinn  of  Juno  dressing     4     i 
Homo,  bin 


1 1  • 

t.l  .)  .     i 

I 

: 

I  ' 

■ 

I  441 

Italy, 

'  >l  m- 

i 

'  i  i  . 

J 

on  r  inline 

and  ■ 

Old  .  During 

Juno,  Hou    . 

■  ;  ■ 
Dr.     hi>   Outli 

UO'  - 

i 

I 

l<li.  ... 
K  ..,  in  tbe  (  . 

I. 
Lacey,  Mr    ' 
Lacktugton  and  ( 

et  dot  ■  i  f  li  i  in 

I. ami. in,  ii,  m  i  ipl 
l.anti: 

I 

of  coal  ga>  i 
ptn  [!«•>  s  <  fillumi  latioo 

- 
I 

■ 

Horse*  and  call 

oi  t* 

at  w:u 

- 

bin 

Light. 

- 
Limit  an  Society,  i 

of  its  tra  -  -  44 

Llewelli 

n  a ; 

J 

. 


INDEX. 


Lorenz,  Mr  observations  on  his  patent  for  an 
instrument   for  procuring    tire   instantane- 
ously ....  160,  161 
Luciii.c,  lake,  its  ancient  and  le  285 
Lully,  Raymond,  his  cbemical  works  65 
Lyceum,  the,  opened ai  a  theatre  by  the  Drvry 
Lane  company        -                                         32t» 
Mantanares,  character  of  that  river            254 
Macartney,  Mr.-C.  lis  Anatomical  Work  an- 
nounced             -             -            -            18 1 
Mr.cdonuld,  Mr.  J.  his  Travel*  through  Den- 
luuik  and  Sweden  announced            -           314 
Manners  and  Customs,  historical  facts  relative 
to  them          -          -         -          ]iU  309,  356 
Manners,  English,  remarkable  change  in  them 
during  the  sixteenth  century           -            304 
Mantles, cf  ermine,  historical  particulars  rela- 
tive to  them          -           -         -         -          353 
Markets,  couutry,  reports  of  them            60,  6.1 
Markets,    London,   monthly   report    ot  them, 
6l,  128,  1<j6,  263,  338 
Maro'des,  Abbe,  curious   note  to  his  trausla- 
tion  ©f  Martial':- epigrams             -              144 
Manlii,  Roman,  family  of,   antiquities  disco- 
vered in  their,  tombs           -            -            382 
Mary,  queen  of  Scots,  anecdotes  of  her       146 
Marriages,   monthly,   125,  10.2,  258,   332,  503 
Mavor,  Dr.  an  improved  edition  of  his  Voyages 
and  Travels  announced,   1S3 — his  series  of 
Catechisms  on  Popular  Subjects,  announced 

315 
Martinique,  taking  of  that  island  by  the  Eng- 
lish, 3i>rj — description  of  it  -  449 
Mazer,  Rabbi,  anecdote  of  him           -  325 
Medical  Annual  Register  announced,  248 — re- 
viewed          -                     -         .         -  •      385 
Medical  and  Chiurgical  Society,  the  first  vo- 
lume of  its  Records  announced         -         3d 
Medical  Institution  of  Bristol,  its  Reports  an- 
ncui:cid            -         -         -         -         -         182 
Medical  Query          ...         -         370 
Medical  Rcpoits      40,  11Q,  1/8,  245,  312,  395 
Medicine,  observations  on  the  present  state  cf 
that  science  in  Grejt  Brit;;ki           -  ill 
Mendelssohn,  anecdotes   respecting  him  394 
Merino  sheep,  account  cf  their  treatment  in 
Spain           -          -           -          -         -  139 
Meteorological  Jour  64, 130, 198,  aSs,  ;40,502 
Mirrors,  account  of  the  different  materials  em- 
ployed for  them            - 
Misenuni,  cape,  description  of  it         -         864 
Molina,  Able,   translation  of  his  History  of 
Chili  ancoamed           -           -           -  4i 
Mo'.inenx,  Mr.  his  Short- ha^d  Instructor  an- 
nounced         -          -         -  42 
Moore,  Sir  John,   his  military  operations   in 
Spain,  log — his  retreat  to  Coiu.na,    174 — 
his  death,  17b — lines   to  his  memory,   191, 

25/ 
Mor.ta^ne,    Mr.    Georgs,  the   Supple-.. 

his  History  cf  British  Shells  announced   36 

Ji"  lagu,  Mrs.  her  Letters  nnnoun  -  .i       314 

Moutansier,   cuke  tie,  account  of  the  poetical 

garlana  presented  by    him   to  his  mistress, 

323 
'.e  Ix'r.ovo,  near  Naples,  description  of  it 

285 

Montrea',  cier.c;  '.it  city  .       si 

W"     >    ',   •  discovered  at  his 

villa  near  Rome.  -  -  -  332 

I'.!  01  tinier,   .  .      ictionary  of  Tir 

a-Lr.c^act.t  -  -  .  -  114 


M'Tavisb,  Mr.  account  of  him  -  8S 

Mud,  extraordinary  eruptions  of,  in  the  south- 
ern pavt  of  the  Crimea  -  -  291 

Mudford,  Mr.  his  Tianslation  of  the  Letters 
of  a  Peruvian  Princess  reviewed  3S.". 

Murdoch,  Mr. observations  on  bis  claim  to  the 
discovery   of  the   use  of  gas  from  pit-coal 

45S 
Murdoch,  Mr  John,  his   Dictionary   of   Dis- 
tinctions aanoum  nl  37 
.Murfitt,  Mr.  bis  Essay  oatheLif-j  of  AgesilauK 
announced                                       ■        247 
Murray,  Lindley,  an  Examination  of  bis  Gram- 
mar announced              ...         0.17 
Murray   and  Bailantyne,   their   Collection  of 
Novels  and  Roma:  ces  annaaueed             314 
Muses  Bower,  a  po  tical  Work,  announced   42 
Music,  observations  on  the  state  of  that  science 

41 

Musical  Compositions,  fashionable  titles  for 
them  ....         ocj8 

Musical  Query,  20., — answer  to  it  376 

Musquitoes,  prodigious  swarms  of  them  bred 
in  Westmorland,  note  -  -  359 

Mythology  of  Greece  and  Rome,  versified,  re- 
view of  it  -  -  -  386 
N. 
Naples,  view  of  its  bay,  78,  79 — inns   in  that 
city,  79 — view  of  it,  153 — singular  theatri- 
cal exhibition  there             -             -  152 
Nares,  Rev.  R.  his   Dictionary  of  the  Middle 
Language  announced           -            -  36 
Natural  history,  obseivations  on  the  periodical 
works  relative  to  it               -              -            47 
Naval  architecture,  its  history             -  4 
Ncale,    Dr.  his   Letters  on  the   Campaigns  in 
Spain  ami  Portugal  announced        -         379 
Nelson,  lord,  monument  in  honour  of  him  at 
Montreal             -               -               -              83 
Nero,  reflections  on  his  contrivance  to  drown 
his  mother                  -                  -                  3rjl 
Ni '  oletl.i,  Donna,  a  young  Neapolitan  lady, 
her  character            -                -                152 
Nielsen,  i_>.  W.  his  Maps  of  Ancient  and  Mo- 
dern Geography  announced             -         314 
Norman  architecture,  its  characteristic       343 
ISott,   Pr.   his   edition  of  the   Earl  of  Surry's 
Poems  announced                   -                   H4 
<). 
Opera  house,  dramatic  exhibitions  there    326 
Oporto,  taken  by  the  French         -             ;u 
Orleans, duke  of,  challenge  sent  by  him  to 
Henry  IV.  of  England                -             4  J5 
Ormsby,  Rev.  J.  SV.  Lis  Account  of  the  Ope- 
rations of  I  he  British  Army  in  Spain  a.nl 
Portugal  announced                 -                3Si 
Otus,  valley  of,  in  the  Crimea,  description  of  it 

293 

Oulton,  Mr.    his  Collection  of    Poems    and 

Letters  on  Female  Education  announced  42 

s,  deemed  a  delicacy  by  the  Romans  144 

Painting  and  Drawing,  thoughts  on  the  study 

of  those  arts  -  272,   351,  424 

Pa'afox,  general,  his  heroic  defence   of  Sara- 

243 

,  Profi  tsor,  his  account  of  an   eruption 

of  mud  in  the  sea  of  Azof,  en  the  shore   of 

the  Crimea,  291 — his  manner  of  accounting 

for  those  phenomena  -  2gJ 

Rapyri,  apparatus  for  unrolling  those  found 

at  Herculam    m  -  -  20 

Papyrus,  method  of  making  paper  with  it  208 


ParnreUus,  nrronnt  of  hint 

Park,   Mr.  In',  edition   oi   W  irto       II I 

1 .  1 1  ji '.  i  r  li    I'm  1 1  ■',     imiiMIIH  ri| 

P. ii  in  s,   I  i  rhiouahlr,  id    i  i  iption  <>l  tb(  I 

i  i  i.ii :  icuUu     i     peel  ing  the  in 

i  ■ 

Pedometer,  account  of  ■  newlj  invented  one 

16a 

Pellatl  and  I  of  tin  ir 

hln  \»  , in  in,  i  oonf   ni    iiw  ii   pot<  hi 

illiiiuiii  si 

Perry,  William,  hi*  Philosophy  for  Youth  re 

VH  «P<| 

i    itl   ruins 

Philip  king  of  Fran*  r,  h      i 

lengo  of  Edward  III. 
Pbilophonus,  hi    qui  rj  >•    peel  ing  an  ii 

ni  ih.   dntonii 
Philoaophii  al  1  of  1  be 

d  part  for  i 
Pheenieinna,  character  of   their  archil  etnre 

sin inlnr  anecdote  of  our 
Pindai .  ; 

14,79 
Piscina  Wimbilc,  a  remarkable  structui 

Naples,  deacription  of  it 
Plates,  substitute   formerly  need  fe   the 
Pliaj ,  bit  obsen  ation  on  th<    i  doun  • 

ancient  pointers 
1 

liah,  -\  new  Edition  of  their  Works 

announci  il  - 

Pointer,  tin-  description  of  that   breed  of  doga 

i       -manner  of    breaking  and    educating 
f'n-ni  -  -  -  isi 

Parities,  r.  treepect  of  88,  107,  13 

:i  d<  scription  of  his  reputo  i 
hele,  Rei    M 1    bia  M<  neira  of  \\ 
annourii  ed 
Pope,  bia  deacription  of  the  votaries  off*  hion 

916 
Portugal,  observations  en  the  mi 

tions  in  I  hat    country,    ni — invaded   by    the 

Preneh  -  -  -  311 

Poailipo,  mount,   deacription  of  it,  z^s — its 

grocte  -  -  BM 

Potteries,  British,  history  of  tlnm 
Ponosin,  Nicholas,  humorous  picture 

Powell,  Tlios.  iiis  Variations  of  Hay<! 

prise  review  ed,  >s<)  —lus  sonota  for  the  piano 

forte  reviewed 
Priestley,  Dr.  hia  discoveries  in  chemisrrj  o 
Printing,  history  of  that  art 

.  curious   t.n  ts   relative   ti>  iln  e 

railed  -  -  I  15 

dc  for  the  new  jt  »•■■    1 94 
Pyrppneumatic  apparatus,  deacription  of  one 

!• 
Q 
Qnesr.ay,  physician  to  Louis  XV.  anecdote  of 
huu  -  - 

R. 
Raynaeh,   M.  von  remarkable   accident    l>v  1 
which  his  life  was  prer  -         3,~>7  1 

Rct.  Dr.  his  Sermons  antiouneed  4:2  1 

Iteguier,  James,  anecdote  of  him  cr.-r  : 

Renon.ir.l,  Mr.  his  Treatise  on  Spluiie.il  Tri-  1 
gonometry  announced  -  #79  « 


ii'i 
1  of  tli<- 

old  41  1 

.   w  iiiirun,  bia  Haste* . 

1 
Rickmsn,  Mr.J 
- 

\>  lllllllll    III 

I     and 

I  1  4| 

Roland,    >I •     J.  Ids  1  :;  an- 

niniiniil  -  -  i      ■ 

">    969 
—  ai  rangi  mi  nt  of  their  bi  1 

Pox's  history  ni 
R  ids   of 

in  .1  .  h 

I 

Popli  -  414 

lion,  arrni. 

4'. 

Royal  Society,  il  - 

n  1  .-J-  c  1  1    of  it 

Sabine,  Job  •  ,  m  re- 

\  iei  ill  -  ) 

'  .il--,    Mr.  J    IV  his   "  I  1 

S  di  burj  <■  tfe*  di 

tore    -  : 

Sal  lad,  cm ;  nnr  -  1    1 

3 

.  lal  tl  1    I  mi  ch 

- 

I       announced 
vc:«  in  -,  dist 
Scropi ,  Mi    • 

sceni  ry  of  v  intland  -  1  iy 

»pol,  mi1.  ^tion  of  it 

• 

.   ■        1 
Sense,  distil 

'  d  44J 
Set  di .  • 

for  ■.-.lie!.  1      .1    / 

in  public   1 

64 , 1  a 
singular  fashion  in  H 

Smith, 

j  in   eane  11  -  -  i> j 

Smith,   Joshua    B  atf  the 

I 

•  In  ,   1    \ 

1"  one 

the  building 

him  -  -  -  -  .    i 

S'oin  nil  ,  In    description  of  the  use  an<i 

tinea 
■ 

Soudak, 
Southey,  m 

detti,  Mr   m  ( .  ■  nt  o' 
h  si 
conn!      . 
110, 

th  -  910 

S 

■ 
stai.. 


i  *  d  r.  x . 


*  pation  of  the  necessity 

of  (.'  •    '  -  -  164 

Spo:  93,  153,  25S,  a  "..I,  376 

Stabl,  ••'(-.  ai  -  -  67 

is  exertions  for  the  in  , 

mentofsl  printings — description 

of  Lit  of  making  candles, 

..  foi  healing  \*oi 

I.">7 

Stat  .--.  .•-  ]>ocm,  announced  315 

I  -s     405 

■v  Brunswick  described 

447 

Stereotype-printing,  historical  particulars  re- 

7 
,  Di.  his  Life  of  Dr.  L'eJdoes  announced 

IS2 

historical  to  them  351 

,  Mr.  review  of  his  Dance  in  Tekeli  119 
nted  by  tlic  Germans 
rward,  queries  respecting  the  cou- 
■  fa  bankrupt's  etl'rcts  296 

Straw,  metho  liing  it 

1  \  •  t-stmoreland,  description 
358 
Stiombo'i,  Mount,  description  of  it  78 

Sugar,  its  hist  01  y,  manufacture  and  pro 

Sigar-cane,  its  introduction  into  Euro/ 
— method  of  extracting  the  sugar  from  if  109 

317 
cription   of  the  swectmcals  so 
called  .... 

ory  of  military  o] 

Ir.  C  his  Elementary  Treatise  on 
meed  -  4> 

ctionsoa 


T        -cloths,  hii  1 

- 
Ta       try,  of  the  varic    -  fj]  merly 

I 

to  it,  3u5 — 
371 
erm  -  1  •'  5 

ir.    his   work    on    Patholog 

42 
T 

;     inaitesimals  1  b<  .ies 

181 

fhim  454 

on  their  construction 

334 

?port 

pu!.  ...  of  his  Institution  an- 

ced  -  -  380 

b,  P.:v.  .'.  Lis  Ulustratioi     t  fa  Series  of 

l  >  od  -  315 

Thompson,  Mr.  P.  his  Stranger's  Guide  thro1 

Boston  announced  -  -         18  >. 

w  edition  of  his  Present  State 

of  Turkey  annoui  -  -        42 

atioa  respecting  a  series 

of  E  from  li is  Desigus 

315 
Titulliere,  M.  de  la,  his  fashionable  titles  for 

musical  compositions 
Tr.cM,  Rev.  Mr.  Lis  new  edition  of  Milto 

iiis  on  Gower   and   Chaucer    an- 
114 

EIsD  OF  THE  FIRST  VOLUME. 
on  §  Itvtfyr,  Printer*, 
373,  Slrard. 


Trees,  injuries  to  which  they  art  liable,  157 — 

composition  for  healing  wounds  in  them  153 

Tnrk<  y,  peace  concluded  between  that  power 

and  Great  Britain  -  -  345 

V 

Valentia,  Viscount,  his  Travels  announced  119 

Valentine,  Raymond,  his  pruii  ienny  in   <  be- 

niistry  -  -  -65 

Varius,  account  of  a  Latiu  poem  found  at  Her- 

cnlaneum  and  attributed  to  him  1  so 

Vigo,  taken  by  the  English  and  Spaniards  3I<> 

Villa-nova,  Arnoldus  de,  his  chemical  works 65 

,  Madame,  anecdotes  of  1  1  r  254 

Vincent,  Rev.  Dr.  his  Greek  Text  of  Anion's 

Indica  announced  -  43,183 

Violet,  lines  On  thai  flower  -  .._  i 

Virgil,  description  of  his  mausoleum  1 19 

Vivos,  Ludovicns,  his  directions  for  acquiring 

knowledge  -  ^70 

Vo'.ta,  his  invention  of  ihe  electrical  pile     218 

\V 

War,  history  of  the  ait  of  -  3 

Ware,  Mr.  S.  his  Treatise  on  Arches,  Sec  aa- 

.ced  -  -  -  169 

spaniel,  description  iT  that  race  of  dogs, 

30  — method  of  instructing  them,  306 — le- 

kable  instance  of  the  affection  oi'o.ic 

307 
Wedgwood,  Mr.  .Tosiah,  account  of  him  (US 
Wedgwood's  ware  rooms,  description  of  them 

i> 
Werehin,  John,  remarkable  challenge  given  by 
bim  -  -  -  435 

i?'.i   Natural  History  society,  its  pro- 
( •  .-dings  -  -  45 

\x(.si  iii<!id  Planters,  reflections  on  their  situa- 
tion -  -  -  75 
Weston,  Mr.  hi.  -translation  of  a  Poem  by  Kien 
Lung  announced            -              -            38o 
Whitaker,  John,  his  three  songs  written   by 
Hunt  review  <  d 
force,  Mr.  medal  in  honour  of  him  382 
VVilkinsou,  (be  Rev.  Joseph,  bis  select  Views 
in  Cumberland,  Westmoreland  and  Scotland 
announced                 -                -                 9 17 
1  ill.  description  of  a  ring  that  belong- 
ed lo  him                    -                     -  93 
ms,  John,  his  Introduction  to  Pinker- 
ton's  Geography  reviewed            -            318 
Wilson,  Mr.  Yorick,  his  Veterinary  Monitor 
announced                  -                  -                   380 
Window  curtain,  description  of  an  elegant  one 

25  4 
Window-seat,  description  of  a  new  one  55 
Wine,  aiie:en;  method  ofkeepi  ig  it  145 

Winsor,  Mr.  bis  tl  ims  respecting  the  ap 
tion  of  coal-gas  to  the  purposes  of  illumina- 
tion -  -  458 
Woelfl,  .Mr.  J.  his  three  Sonatas  for  the  | 
forte  reviewed,  is.' — bis  Cuckoo-concerto 
reviewed,  (a. — bis  Violin  Quartetts  announc- 
ed -  -  -  JS5 
Woodevile,  Elizabeth,  currous  extract  from  her 
diai  . .  25  .  — historical  particulars  of  her 

I,   J53,  note 

Wranghamj  Rev.  Francis,  his  new  edition  of 

home's  Plutarch,  announced  43 

Writing,  history  of  that  art  -  5 

. 

Vcar,    various   ways  of  computing   its   com- 

■aenceim  .it  -  -  -J  not* 

'no,  (aptam,  his    gallantry  in  the  taking   of 

Cayenne  -  -  3'* 


J