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THE

BeposWorp

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE,

Manufactures^ Fashions ^ and Politics^

For JULY, 1809.

ZLl)t ^ctontfj dumber.

EMBELLISHMENTS.

PAGt

1. The Mus Bursarius, or Canada Rat <a Wood-cut) 30

2. The Black Grouse 33*

3. Ladies' Opera Dress 46

4. Promenade Dress ib.

5. Somerset-House 50

6. Lirrary Sofa and Candelabra GO

7. Allegorical Wood-Cut, with Patterns of British Manufacture . . . ib.

CONTENTS.

Observations on Painting and Draw-
ing, by Juninus

Account of the Society of Arts, Ma-
nufactures, and Commerce

Premiums conferred by the Society
of Arts, in the present Year

Reflections on the inconveniences of
Beauty

Remarks on the Letters from Italy,
introduced into the preceding
Numbers of the Repository

Letter to Amelia

Particulars of the recent Eruption
of Mount Etna 17

Fifth Letter from Italy ....

Answer to the Medical Query in the
Sixth Number

On the Transposition of Musical Clefs,
and a new Method of figuring tho-
rough Bass 20

Historical Facts relative to European
Manners and Customs .... 27

Some Account of the Mus Bursarius,
or Canada Rat 30

On the Love of the Arts, &c. . . 31

1 1
13

On the Improvement of Agri- page

cultural Machinery .... 32

British Sports 33

Intelligence, Literary, Scientific, &c. 34
Review of New Publications . . 38

Musical Review 39

Fashions for Ladies and Gentlemen 4(>
Letter from a young Lady in London

to her Sister in the Country . . 48
Account of Somerset-House . . 50
Public Amusements — King's Theatre 51
Hay market Theatre: — Royal Circus 53
Astlev's Amphitheatre — Vauxhall

— Royal Society of Musicians . 5i
Retrospect of Politics . ... 55

Medical Report 5S

Agricultural Report 00

Fashionable Furniture .... ib.
Allegorical Wood-cut, with Patterns ib.

Poetry 61

Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies . 63
Dividends . . 64

London Markets . . , . . 65

Prices of Stocks 6'7

Meteorological Journal . . . . o'8

Prices of Shares ib.

TO OUR READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.

We earnestly solicit communications (post paid) from professors of the Arts in ge-
neral, as well as authors, respecting works which they may have in hand. We con-
ceive that the evident advantage which, must accrue to both from the more extensive
publicity that will be given to their productions through the medium of the Repository,
needs only to be mentioned, to induce them to favour us with such information, which
shall always meet with the most prompt attention.

We have received Charles's communication dated Mi/ford, and doubt not that the
letters to which he alludes ivould prove acceptable to the readers of the Repository ;
but we could not engage to insert them, unless the ivhole woe submitted to our inspec-
tion.

The British Expose shall appear in some of our early numbers.

We have been obliged to postpone the engraving of the medals, to be presented to the
authors of the best essays transmitted for the Repository, and which we purposed to
have given with the present number. As the plate is intended to be highly finished,
and could not possibly be completed in that style this month, we are confident that the
purchasers of this work will not object to this trifling delay.

The whimsical letter of Credulus to a celebrated physician, with the answer of the
latter, shall have a place in our next:

The interesting communication respecting Canary-birds, and the mode of treatment
adapted to those little domestic favourites, shall be early attended to.

The observations on the Egyptian Ibis ivill, if possible, be introduced into our
next publication.

The observations of a Constant Reader on The New Musical Magazine, are inad-
missible.

The Verses on Honour — Ode to Friendship — Address to Myra — Alpine Scenery —
The Maid or* the. Cot — Farewell to Eliza — and the Banks of the Wye, are beneath
the standard which tve have proposed for poetical compositions intended for the Repo-
sitory.

JTHE

3&ep6ttorp

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE,

Manufactures^ Fashions^ and Politics^

For JULY, 1809.

Xlje Stttomrt) dumber.

-The suffrage of the wise$

The praise that's worth ambition, is attained
By sense alone, and dignity of mind.

Armstrong.

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLURING.
By Juninus.

(Continuation of Letter III. from page 433, voL I.J

Mr. Editor,
Before I conclude my obser-
vations on the colouring of the an-
cients, and proceed to that of the
moderns, of "whom much may be
said, I would remark, that a writer
on colouring, who would be some-
what particular, must of necessity
introduce many things that will
appear common-place to those who
have studied the art ; yet among
these will be seen many observa-
tions that are not to be found in any
book, the result of my own reflec-
tions. I am a person of a contem-
plative turn, and study many arts,
and was also fond of considering
nature from an infant ; as Burns
observes, after trying the disposition

No. VII. Vol. II.

of a child of this sort in various
seasons, he speaks thus of it in.
Winter :

" And when the North his fleecy store

" Drove through the sky,
" 1 saw grim Nature's visage hoar

" Strike thy young eye."

You no doubt think I am very
fond of quoting passages from the
poets : one reason is, they put some-
thing good in my letters. I have
read somewhere of an author who
wrote very indifferently, and his
works were disregarded : at last,
among his mistakes, he undertook to
write against the ancients, particular-
ly their poets : he allowed they had
some good lines, and these he quoted ;
and so good they were, saj'S the
story, that for the first time every
B

ON 9PLEND0UR OF COLOUR! NO.

one was desirous of procuring his
book, to have an opportunity of
reading them.

Before I leave the ancients, and
conclude my observations on their
magnificence, I feel desirous of call-
ing the attention of the reader to
the dresses of the females of Zion
about three thousand years ago.

Isaiah, chap. 3. — Moreover, the
Lord saith, because the daughters
of Zion are haughty, and walk with
stretched-forth necks and wanton
eyes, walking, and mincing as they
£o, and making a tinkling with
their feet : therefore the Lord will
take away the bravery of their
tinkling ornaments about their feet,
and their cauls, and their round
tires like the moon, the chains, and
the bracelets, and the mufflers ; the
bonnets, and the ornaments of the
legs, and the headbands, and the ta-
blets, and the ear-rings ; the rings,
the nose - jewels, the changeable
suits of apparel, and the mantles,
and the wimples, and the crisping-
pins, the glasses, and the fine linen,
and the hoods, and the veils ; their
girdles, their well-set hair, and
their stomachers.

In the fourth century of the chris-
tian a'ra, Constantino carried to
Constantinople many of the best
productions of art. A few years af-
terwards, on the downfal of the Ro-
man empire, many of these valua-
ble works were destroyed by the
Goths, Vandals, Huns, Iconoclas-
tes, and the northern barbarians, who
conquered Italy, Sec. The next
eight hundred years are called the
dark or Gothic age. Arts revived
about liiOO, and here commences
what is understood by modern times.
One of the first painters who dis-

tinguished himself was named Tassi.
He was soon followed by Giovanni
Cimabue, of Florence. I have seen
some of Cimabue's works. The
colouring is shewy and gaudy,
without the contrast of cold colours
and strong shadows, ornamented
with gold and silver : the perspec-
tive wonderfully bad. A late cele-
brated painter said the drawing was
so very indifferent, that they would
not carry the palm from the kin<j
and queen of diamonds.

Mr. Editor, I am now going to be-
gin some observations on colouring.
I purpose to offer first some of the
most trifling rules, so that if what
I write should chance to be approv-
ed, beginners may receive some in-
struction at the commencement of
their career. Like pigeons thrown
from the bag of a fancier, I would
make low circles at first, and after-
wards, if I can, by degrees soar su-
blimely high in ether. Du Fresnoj
calls colouring a procuress, a de-
ceiving beauty, but soothing and
pleasing; says she procures lovers
for her sister, and artfully engages
us to admire her. He calls her the
chromatique, third part of painting.
Theory or Rules, their Utility.
Those who are unacquainted with
the rules ofart, and attempt painting,
are often much troubled with diffi-
culties. If one has the canvas on
the easel — the pallet furnished with
colours — bottles of poppy, nut, lin-
seed, and drying oil, or mastic var-
nish, to brighten the picture when
done; if one has hog tools, sables,
swectners, camels' hair brushes, pas-
tils, or white chalk pointed to sketch
with a maul-stick, &c. what great
use are they of if one is ignorant
of the rules J When the outline is

'ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURING.

drawn with lake, or some transparent
colour diluted with oil or spirits of
turpentine, and the colours are laid
on the picture without theory or
knowledge, what a mass of confusion
soon appears ! How alarming and
discouraging to a totally inexperi-
enced painter, who attempts paint-
ing without instruction ! One grows
tired, and dispirited, and impatient ;
the colours get daubed over the pal-
let— perhaps a bottle of oil is thrown
down — a bladder of Prussian blue
bursts over one's arm , and pa ints one's
fingers and clothes. As the brushes
and performance seem bad, one works
with one's finger to see what that
will do — all gets in a muddle. If one
looks in the looking-glass, all one's
face, perhaps blue on one cheek,
green on the other — a mixture of
lake, vermilion, and India red on
one's forehead — that poisonous co-
lour made of arsenic, with its horrid
scent (king's yellow) on one's nose —
the taste of white lead and verdi-
greasc in one's mouth— asphaltum,
or Jews' pitch, like a beard, on one's
chin. Fatigued with standing, to
rest a little, one sits down on a chair,
unfortunately on the pallet — jump-
ing up with one's all manner of

colours ; and what makes it the more
provoking, the little shop-woman at
Middleton's, in St. Martin's-lane,
said, they were the very colours she
used to sell to Sir Joshua Reynolds :
but if one thinks on it, what is that
the better ? If one had his easel,
and pallet, and painting-room, with
the light coming in at the top, &c.
of what particular use would they
be towards painting a picture well,
without his mind — without skill ? —
If one had Handel's celebrated Cre-
mona violin, how inferior would be
the tone to that celestial melody

he could so easily have extracted !
— It isobservable, that persons whose
genius enables them to soar to the
highest flights of painting, arc often
the most slovenly and incorrect be-
ginners. Mechanical men are often
called men of genius, but unjustly.
Men of genius without rules are dar-
ing, incorrect, and often run into
great absurdities. The others are
cool, considerate, more free from
faults, but without their beauties.
Men of genius have often, after at-
tempting painting a little, left it in
disgust, supposing themselves with-
out the requisite talents. They are
like the celebrated Bucephalus that
belonged to Alexander the Great — •
fiery and impatient. This animal
when first brought to Philip, king
of Macedon (Alexander's father)
blew and snorted, reared up on his
hind legs, then stood on his fore
legs, rolled about like a dog when
he first gets into a field of grass,
and kicked three or four of Philip's
courtiers into a ditch. At last all
around were frightened, except
Alexander, who took him in hand,
trained him, managed him, rode
him at his full speed, and he became
the most renowned horse in antiqui-
ty— a city was named after him.
Philip was so much pleased at his
son's prowess, that, with tears in his
eyes, he said to Alexander — "Noble
youth, you have performed a mira-
cle— the succession of such a king-
dom as mine is unworthy of such
merit as your's." — Mr. Editor, how
young Astley would have shone in
those days ! lie would not only
have tamed Bucephalus, but would
have rode him standing on his own
head, and at the same time would
have played a tune on the fiddle.
There is an anecdote of Pope, that
B2

SOCIETY OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCE,

he wished to study painting, and that
he applied to his friend Jervas for
some instructions. He said to Mr.
Pope, "I am going into the country
for a few days ; I will leave you the
key of my painting-room — also my
materials : when I return, I will tell
you what I think of your perform-
ance, and how you may liberate
yourself from defects." — Mr. Pope
wrote a letter to Mr. Addison, men-
tioningthis circumstance. "I have,"
said he, "just commenced painter. I
have read somewhere, that when St.
Luke painted, he was helped by an
angel ; but if you were to see my
picture, it is so smutted, grimed, and
scratched, that you would think the
devil had a hand in my perform-
ance."

It may easily be imagined when
Mr. J. came to town, he spoke to
Mr. Pope somewhat in this way :

(i Pope, you should have set jour
pallet, I will shew you how, and
have mixed your colours only with

your pallet-knife — have kept one
brush to one colour — have painted
your shadows flat, and loaded your
lights. You have tried to finish
your picture at one painting — yon
should only paint at once what is
proper for the first ground, or dead
colouring, and let the picture well
dry before you paint again ; and so
of the second colouring, &c. — You
should be shewn how to mix your
colours."

JuNINUS.

P. S. In a former sheet I should
have said the king's son, J^aocoon,
was Apollo's, and not Neptune's
priest. lie was sacrificing to Nep-
tune when the snake came from the
isle of Tenedos to the Trojan shore.
And I am not quite sure the marriage
in the Aldobrandiuo vineyard at
Rome, is one of the ancient paintings
dug out of the ruins of Herculane-
um, though it is certain this picture
is one of the ancient paintings.

SOCIETY OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCE.

Among the various public and
patriotic institutions with which the
metropolis of the British empire
abounds, it is scarcely possible to
mention one that has been produc-
tive of such permanently beneficial
effects as the Society of Arts, Com-
merce, and Manufactures. The esta-
blishment of this society affords a
striking proof of the important ad-
vantages to which the exertions of
an active mind may give birth ; and
the consideration of what has, in
this instance, been accomplished by
one man, cannot fail to stimulate
others to employ their faculties in
t'he prosecution of grand objects.

From a meeting of only eight
persons at Rauthmell's coffee-house
in Henrietta-street, Covent-garden,
on the 22d of March, 1754, this
society dates its origin. The energy
of Mr. William Shipley* struck
the spark which raised it into life
and action ; and two noble peers,
Lord Folks tone and Lord Romney,
honoured it with their protection.

*Mr. Shipley, at that time, resided in
the house now occupied by the proprietor
of the Repository, and there it was that
the plan of the Society of Arts was di-
gested and matured, previous to the meet-
ing above-mentioned.

SOCIETY OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCE.

The advantages of such an institu-
tion were immediately perceived by
the public, and numerous members
soon gave it that firm establishment
which it has ever since so honoura-
bly maintained.

Lord Folkstone and Lord Rom-
ney, whose portraits decorate the
£ reat room of the society, were suc-
cessively presidents. Mr. William
Shipley was honoured with the first
gold medal, with this inscription :
Whose public spirit gave rise to the
society. This worthy man lately
paid the great debt of nature, after
witnessing the flourishing state of
this institution for nearly half a
century.

Leaving to the Royal Society the
discussion of speculative, theore-
tical, and philosophical subjects,
this society, in conformity with the
title they have adopted, have uni-
formly confined the business of their
meetings to the fostering and bring-
ing forward such practical matters
as promote, or promise to promote,
the avowed objects of their atten-
tion ; and upon which the riches,
glory, and prosperity of every ci-
vilized country, must ultimately
depend.

The number of members of which
this society, consisting both of la-
dies and gentlemen, is composed,
exceeds fifteen hundred. His Grace
the Duke of Norfolk, the first peer
of the realm, equally illustrious for
his talents and his birth, at present
holds the rank of president. Six-
teen vice-presidents, and eighteen
chairmen of committees, officiate in
the several departments of the so-
ciety. It is the particular duty of
these ofiicers to preserve that dig-
nity and order essential to the ex-
amination of the several matters

which are laid before them ; but
the power of any officer, except in
cases of interpreting the rules and
orders of the society, and preserv-
ing order in the debates, does not
extend beyond a casting vote, when
the votes are equal at the meeting
where he presides. Every member
enjoys the liberty of delivering his
sentiments, with freedom and can-
dour, upon all subjects under con-
sideration ; and the regular mode
in which the business of the society
is conducted, allows the merit of
the humblest claimant to meet a fair
competition with that of the first
nobleman in the land.

The session commences on the
last Wednesday in October, and
closes on the first Wednesday in
June. Every matter sent with a
view to a reward or bounty, is laid
before the society at a weekly meet-
ing, from which it is referred to
such a committee as is deemed most
competent to decide upon its merits.
This committee, after a minute ex-
amination, reports its opinion of
the subject to the society ; and at
two subsequent meetings, this re-
port is either confirmed, rejected,
or referred buck for farther consi-
deration. Where a reward is re-
commended for any matter not men-
tioned in the list of premiums, it
must, upon a ballot, have two-
thirds of the members present in it*
favour.

The several committees are di-
vided into the following nine classes:

1. Accounts — who attend to the
examination of all the receipts and
disbursements of the society in the
first week of every month.

2. Correspondence and Papers—
who superintend the formation of
the annual volume of the Trausac-

SOCIETY OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCE.

tions of the Society, and other mat-
ters connected with the press.

3. Agriculture — to whom are re-
ferred the claims for planting, gar-
dening, the culture of land, and the
various departments of the farming
business. This committee meets
almost every Monday evening dur-
ing the session.

4. Chemistry > Dying, Miner a-
logy-, Sfc. — including the various
matters pertaining to those arts, and .
connected with chemical processes.

5. Polite and liberal Arts — who
consider the respective claims in
drawing, painting, engraving, and .
sculpture, and before whom speci-
mens are also executed by the can-
didates.

6. Manufactures — whose busi-
ness it is to examine such matters as
form an intermediate degree be-
tween chemistry and mechanics.

7. Mechanics. — Their judgment
is directed to all combinations and
applications of mechanical powers;
and their meetings are numerously
attended every Thursday evening
during the session.

8. Colonies and Trade — whose
views are not only directed to the
encouragement of the British com-
merce, but to improvements in all
the colonies connected with the
united empire.

9. Miscellaneous JMailcrs. — This
committee regulates the election of
the ofliccrs of the society, the ma-
nagement of the house department,
and superintends the models, ma-
chines, and paintings.

Every subject for consideration
is publicly stated, in writing, se-
veral days previous to the discus-
sion, that all the members may
know what business is in agitation ;
and in particular cases, requiring

nice discrimination, the advice of
well-informed men, particularly
conversant in such line of business,
is frequently obtained, to assist the
judgment of the members.

This candid mode of investigat-
ing the subjects brought before the
society, and the impartiality with
which rewards are adjudged, have
not only established the credit of
this society throughout the united
empire, but have impressed so high
a degree of respect for it among
foreign nations, as to produce seve-
ral attempts to imitate it upon the
Continent.

The list of the premiums offered
annually by the society, commences
with the class of agriculture. In
this class, numerous improvements
have been recorded in the twenty-
six volumes of the society's Trans-
actions, which have already been
published, and relate to plantations
of fruit and forest trees, to different
modes of fertilizing land, to com-
parisons ofthe drill with thebroad-
cast husbandry, to the culture of
various kinds of grain and other
vegetables, to the preservation of
plants and roots during the winter
season, to the improvement of marsh-
es and waste lands, to the protec-
tion of animals and plants from nox-
ious insects, to the increase of the
best breeds of cattle, and to the in-
vention of useful agricultural im-
plements.

A comparison ofthe present statu
of the arts, manufactures, and com-
merce, with that in which they Avere
at the first establishment of this so-
ciety, will evince that it has given
birth to many similar institutions,
not only for the promotion of agri-
culture, but also ofthe mechanical
and liberal arts. To this society

SOCIETY OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCE,

their origin may be regularly traced ;
its encouragement has raised them I
into consequence, and rendered tliem
independent of its farther aid, while
the parent stock remains nourish-
ing and unimpaired.

The rewards of the society are
extended to many oilier useful ob-
jects besides those specified in (he
list of premiums printed annually.
Almost every matter which tends (o
improve the arts, manufactures, and
commerce of the united empire, is
mii object of the society's bounty.

Each member has the privilege,
at the meetings of the society, or by
letter addressed to the secretary, to
propose any lady or gentleman who
is desirous of becoming a member,
provided the proposal contains the
name, with the full addition and
place of abode, and signed by three
members of the society. Noblemen
are balloted for immediately on
their being proposed. The names
of other persons proposed, are read
at the next meeting of the society ;
they are then hung up in their great
room, and balloted for at the se-
cond following weekly meeting. It'
two-thirds of the votes are in their
favour, they are deemed members
for life, upon payment of not less
than twenty guineas in one sum, or
subscribing members upon payment
of not less than two guineas annually.
All members are entitled to vote and
assist in all the business of the so-
ciety and the several committees.
The members have also the liberty
of recommending two persons as au-
ditors at the meetings of the society ;
and, by addressing a note to the
housekeeper, of introducing their
friends to view the various machines
and paintings. They have likewise
the use of a valuable library, aud

the privilege of reading many of the
books at home, besides the gift of
an annual volume of the Transac-
tions of the Society. Such ladies as
are members, are farther entitled to
vote by proxy at elections, through
the medium of any gentleman who is
a member, on his producing a writ-
ten authority for the purpose.

From such sources alone has the
society been enabled to expend up-
wards of sixty thousand pounds in
promoting the public good.

At the annual meeting of the so-
ciety for the distribution of pre-
miums, held on the 30th of May
last, the rewards conferred by it
were presented to the successful can-
didates by his Grace the Duke of
Norfolk, in the following order :
IN AGRICULTURE.
To John Christian Curwen, Esq. M. P. of
Workington-hall, Cumberland, for planting, in
one year, 1,269,000 Larches and other Forest
Trees, the Gold Medal.

To W. M. Thackeray, M.D. of Chester, for
extensive Plantations of Ash, Beech, Chesnut,
Elm, and other Forest Trees, the Gold Medal.
To William Congreve, Esq. of Aldermastou-
house, in Berkshire, for planting 74 Acres of
Land with Acorns and Oaks, the Gold Medal.
To Mr. William Salisbury, Botanic Garden,
Bromptou, for raising Grass Seeds and pre-
paring Meadow Land, the Silver Medal.

To Charles Le Hardy, Esq. Isle of Jersey,
for Communications on the Culture of Pars-
nips, and their Utility in feeding Cattle, the
Silver 31 edal.

To the Rev. James Hall, of Chesnut-walk,
Walthamstow, for preparing from Bean Stalks
a Substitute for Hemp, the Silver Medal.

To Mr. Win. Lester, of Paddington Green,
for a Machine for washing Potatoes and other
esculent Roots for feeding Cattle, the Silver
Medal.

To Mr. William Salisbury, Botanic Garden,
Bromptou, for a .Method of packing Plants
aud Trees, intended for Exportation, so as to
preserve their vegetative powers for many-
months, Twenty Guineas.

IN CHEMISTRY.
To Mr. J. P. Hubbard, Picket-street, Tem-
ple Bar, for a beautiful variety of Specimens
of British Marble, principally from the Babi-

SOCIETY OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCE.

«omb Quarry, near Teignmouth, in Devon-
shire, the Gold Medal.

To Mr. R. Porrett, jun. of the Tower, for
Experiments and Observations en Prussic and

Prussous Acids, ihe Silver Medal.

IN POLITE ARTS.
To Miss Millicent Montgomery, grand-
daughter of Viscount Gosford, of the kingdom
of Ireland, for a Drawing of the Head of
Achilles, from a Plaster Cast, the Silver Medal.
To Miss Eliza F. Batty, of Charlotte-street,
Portland-place, for an original Drawing of a
Landscape near Buttcrmere Lake, the Gold
Medal.

To Mr. L. Clennell, of Constitution-row,
Gray's Inn-lane, for an Engraving in Wood
of the Highland Society's Diploma, the Gold
Medal.

To Mr. Philip Hardwick, of BerncrVstreet,
for an original Drawing of an Academy of
Arts, being the premium given in conformity to
the will of the late John Stock, Esq. of Hamp-
stead, the Gold Medallion.

To Miss H. A. E. Jackson, of Hauover-st.
for an original Painting of Venus and Cupids,
the Silver Medal set in Gold.

To Miss Busby, of St. Ann's-street West,
for a Painting of St. Catharine, a Copy, the
Silver Medal set in Gold.

To Miss Mary Okes, of Cambridge, for a
Drawing of Gloucester Cathedral, the smaller
Silver Pallet.

To Mr. Robert Baugh, of Llanymyncck, in
Shropshire, for a Map of that County, the
Silver Medal and Fifteen Guineas.

To Mr. W. Woolnoth, Gloucester-place,
Camden-Town, for a Line Engraving of a Me-
thod of relieving Persons on board stranded
Ships, the Silver Medal.

To Mr. Edvt aid Blore, of Upper Titchfield-
strcet, for an original Drawing of Fothering-
ham Church, Northamptonshire, the Silver
Medal.

To Miss H. llopwood, of LathamVplace,
Somer's-Town, for a Draw ing from Mr. Sharp's
Print of the Holy Family, the Silver Medal.

To Miss Ann Medland, of the Parsonage,
Hertford, for a Drawing in Colours of the
Head of an old Man, a Copy, the larger Silver
Pallet.

To Mr. David Smith, Acton-street, Gray's
Inn-road, for a Drawing from a Print of Love
and Honour, the larger Silver Pallet.

To Mr. J. C. Bromley, of Brook Green,
Hammersmith, for an Etching of a Landscape,
Figures, and Cattle, a Copy, the larger Silver
Pallet.

To Master William Ross, of Tavistock-

street, for an original Miniature Painting <jf
Venus and Cupid, the larger Silver Pallet.

To Miss Charlotte Smith, Bridge-row, Pim-
lico, for a Plaster Cast of Baccbus, the larger
silver Pallet.

To Miss Mary Cooke, of Upper Pratt-place,
Camden-Town, for an Engraving of the Moon,
the larger Silver Pallet.

To Miss Sarah Brown, of Handsworth, in
Staffordshire, for modelling in Wax, the small-
er Silver Pallet.

To Master Joseph Farey, Upper Crown-
street, Westminster, for an original Drawing
of a Steam- Engine, the smaller Silver Pallet.

IN MANUFACTURES.

To the Patrons and Committee of the Flag
Association, for a matchless Specimen of dou-
ble Brocade- Weaving in a Flag now executing
in Spitaltields, the Silver Medal set in a broad
Gold Border.

To Mr. Wm. Saddington, Monkwell-street,
Falcon-square, for a Method of manufacturing
Silk-covered Wire, and Thread covered with
Silk, Thirty Guineas.

IN MECHANICS.

To John Miller, Esq. of Bedford, for his
Methods of raising the Bodies of Persons who
have sunk under Water, the Gold Medal.

To Captain William Bolton, R. N. for Naval
Improvements, the Gold Medal.

To Captain Keith Maxwell, R.N. for im-
proved Telegraphic Signals, the Gold Medal.

To Mr. George Williams, of his Majesty's
Dock- Yard, for securing the Beams of Ships,
without Wooden Knees made of a single piece,
the Silver Medal.

To Lieutenant James Spratt, R. N. for a
Homograph, or Mode of Communication at a
distance by particular positions of a Handker-
chief, the Silver Medal.

To Mr. Knight Spencer, of Bow, for an
Anthropo-Telegraph, or Mode of Communi-
cation in the Day or Night, by Disks, the
Silver Medal.

To Matthew Murray, Esq. of Leeds, for a
Machine for hackling Hemp or Flax, the Gold
Medal.

To Mr. Robert Salmon, Woburn, for a Me-
thod of preventing Depredations in Gardens
and Orchards, the Silver Medal.

To Richard White, Esq. of Essex-street,
Strand, for an ingenious Letter- File, the Sil-
ver Medal.

To Mr. Samuel Clegg, of Manchester, for
an improved Apparatus for extracting carbo-
nated hydrogen Gas from Pit Coal, the Silver

Medal.

To Mr. Georje Prior, jun. of Otley, York-

ON THE INCONVENIENCES OF BEAUTY.

•hive, for a Clock Escapement, the Si'.ver Me-
dal and Twenty-five Guineas.

To Mr. J- Varty, of Liverpool, for a Method
of preventing the Accidents which frequently
happen from the Lynch Pins of Carriages
breaking or coming out, the Silver Medal.

To Mr. J. D. Ross, of No. 53, Creek-street,
Soho, for an Eye Bath to clear the Eye f.om
extraneous Matters, and to assist the Sight,
Fifteen Guineas.

To Mr. Thomas "Warren, jun. of Bury St.
Edmund's, for teaching to write on a cheap
Plan, hy means of Copies engraved on Siates,
the Silver Medal and Ten Guineas.

To Mr. J. Brockbank, of Whir Ipipin, While-
haven, for an ingenious Machine for making
Slate-Pencils, Fifteen Guineas.

To Mr. Thomas Newton, of Bridge- street,
Blaekfriais, for a Machine for cutting Boots
for Cattle, or Articles for Dyers, or for Culi-
nary Uses, Fifteen Guineas.

To Mr. Robert Salmon, of Wobura, for a
Method of constructing commodious Houses
with earthen Walls, Twenty Guineas.

COLONIES AND TRADE
To Mr. C. F. Grece, of Montreal, Lower
Canada, for the Culture and Preparation of
Hemp in Canada, the Silver Medal set in a
broad Gold Border.

It appears that, since the distri-
bution in 1808, the society has re-
ceived an accession of one hundred
and three members. Every person
who feels any interest in the pros-
perity of the country, will rejoice
to learn that the funds of this laud-
able institution are in the most
thriving state ; and from the exten-
sive benefits which it has procured
for this empire, will be disposed to
wish that the Society for the Encou-
ragement of Arts, Manufactures,
and Commerce, may continue to
flourish to distant ages.

ON THE INCONVENIENCES OF BEAUTY.

" Under how hard a fate are women born!
" Priz'd to their ruin, or^xpos'd to scorn.
" If they want beauty, they of love despair,
" AndarebesitgM, like frontier towns, if fair.''

It is equally unfortunate for a wo-
man to be handsome or ugly. It
nature has denied her those charms
which are considered as the princi-
pal ornaments of her sex, and which
indeed are all that some men seek
for, nothing but a miracle can save
her from that odium and contempt,
which is generally, though very
unjustly, cast on single women, in
the evening of their lives. What
wonder is it, therefore, if such wo-
men, in a late period of life, and
under such circumstances, should
be sometimes found to be a little
peevish and morose ?
Ithas, however,beenobserved, that
ordinary women, when they have the
good fortune to get well married,
generally make good wives. This
may be probably owing to a sense I

.¥0. VII. Vol. II.

of their deficiency of external per-
fections, which induces them to
endeavour to return the generosity
of their husbands, by sweetness
and afTability of manners and con-
versation.

On the other hand, how danger-
ous is the possession of beauty, un-
less accompanied by an uncommon
share of virtue, prudence, aril dis-
cretion ! A lovely face and grace-
ful shape never fail to attract a mul-
titude of admirers, and it is a groat
chance, indeed, but that the lender
female bosom will inhale so large a
portion of the poison of flattery, as
to destroy every growing mental
perfection. Every time she looks
in the glass, she discovers some new
charms in her face and person ; and
as these are the only cause of the
adoration she receives, her whole
thoughts are employed night and
day to improve them.

With a disposition thus tainted

ON THE INCONVENIENCES OF BEAUTY.

in her early age, the love of flattery
increases as she advances in life ;
and, as she never studied properly
to put on the frown of virtue, or to
resist the attacks of flattery and dis-
simulation, she will have good luck
indeed, if she escape the snares laid
for her by the lewd and treacherous.
What advantage do those females
possess who wisely consider beauty,
with

" Innocence
" Conceal'd, to be the stol'n treasure of the

gods;
" Which never ends in shame, as that of men
" Doth oft times do; but, like the sun, breaks

forth,
i( When it hath gratified another world,
*' And to our unexpecting eyes appears
" More glorious through its late obscurity."

Admitting, however, that a fe-
male escape the numerous snares
that are laid for her, and become
the married woman, yet here will
be an end to the empire of adulation
and flattery, when she must no lon-
ger listen to that language which
before formed the principal delight
of her heart. Thus the admirable
caution given by our poet Thom-
son is applicable, when he says,

" Nor in the bower
" Where woodbinc3 flaunt, and roses shed a

couch,
" While Evening draws her crimson curtains

round,
" Trust your soft minutes with betraying

man."

For should he marry you merely
for your beauty, a short time will
destroy the idol, and nothing per-
manent will remain.

A beautiful wife without internal
perfections, is like a most sumptu-
ous and magnificent piece of furni-
ture in a room, which contains no-
thing but broken glasses, chairs,
and tables, and those of the coarsest
materials.

Nature has undoubtedly distribu-

ted her bounties with a more impar-
tial hand than we are generally will-
ing to allow. If she has given in-
comparable beauty to one woman,
she has perhaps lowered that gift by
the alloy of vanity, folly, pride,
and affectation ; and if she has de-
nied to another every external ac-
complishment, she has perhaps com-
pensated that defect, by greatness
of soul, a love of honour, and an
union of all the perfections of fe-
male virtue.

That such is the case, I believe,
will be acknowledged by every one
who has made any observations on
what passes in the commerce of this
world ; and I would strenuously ad-
vise my fair country-women to re-
flect upon all the disadvantages at-
tending their various situations in
life, and to adopt the wise and ex-
cellent maxim, so admirably set
forth by E. Haywood, in the fol-
lowing lines :

" Who in the paths of virtue perseveres,

" Has naught to apprehend from impious

men."

I fear, however, the generality of
parents, naturally too fond of their
pretty daughters, often lay the foun-
dation of their ruin in their early
years, by making their children
place too much value on external
accomplishments. Instead of per-
petually reminding little miss how
pretty she is, would it not be infi-
nitely better to make her sensible,
that beauty is the mere gift of chance,
and of which even chance may
deprive her before it reaches its
bloom ?

Nothing can be so terrible to a
woman, as the situation of a decay-
ed beauty ; and hence it is, that we
see so many at the age of sixty
dressed up in the fashion of sixteen.

REMARKS ON THE LETTERS FROM ITALY.

Would not these toothless misses
do better, were they to endeavour
to teach the risingfemale generation,
that beauty, like a flower, blooms
but for a short time, and is often
plucked before it comes to maturity;
and that she who neglects to improve

her understanding in the early part of
her life, will, in the evening of her
days, become a mere "sounding ta-
bor, or a tinkling cymbal?"
Your's, &c.

J. H. R.

Sudbury, June 4, I8O9,

REMARKS ON THE LETTERS FROM ITALY
TO THE EDITOR.

Sir,
I have read, among the various
articles of your useful and enter-
taining work, the four letters from
Italy. As a well-wisher of your
judiciouslj' digested publication, I
beg leave to hint the advantage of
your obtaining as many composi-
tions as you can from the same able
pen, whether on similar or any
other subjects, in order to enrich
your numbers. I know not, sir,
who is the author of those letters ;
but being well acquainted with Na-
ples, I will venture to assert, and as-
sure you and the public, that among
the various accounts given of that j
city by different travellers in more
than one language, his appears to ;
me, by far the most accurate, classi-
cal, impartial, and pleasing. Le-
pide at que ridentem dicer e verum — '
should be his motto. He unites
truth with Attic taste and Stern ian
humour.

His descriptions of Naples and
its celebrated bay, of Posilipo,
Virgil's tomb, Bajffi, Capo Miseno,
and Puzzolo (the wine of which he
so justly celebrates), &c. &c. will
ever be perused with pleasure by
classical readers. The French, es-
pecially when their vintages fail,
cheaply purchase great quantities
of Puzzolo wine, dram it up (as
the author of those charming letters
hints it mio'ht be for the London

market) with brandy or alcohol, and
export it afterwards, as of the growth
of their own country. They use the
same artifice with regard to the oil,
and a variety of other articles of
the Two Sicilies.

I hope and trust, sir, that, when
a rightful order of things is re-esta-
blished in those, at present unfortu-
nate, countries, the British nation,
and particularly the mercantile part
of it, will do what is fit and proper
for their advantage, with regard to
the important commerce of the Me-
diterranean in general, in all its va-
rious branches.

A judicious and liberal treaty of
commerce between this country and
the Two Sicilies (where a real " par-
tiality to the British nation" (let. ii.)
is, generally speaking, habitual to
the inhabitants), wotdd highly pro-
mote the interests and welfare of
both states, and gradually lead,
without disturbances and convul-
sions, to the political amelioration
of those countries, so generally
wished for by statesmen and writers
in this nation. Deep-rooted preju-
dices and wrong notions of govern-
ment, can only be eradicated by de-
grees, and by perseverance in shew-
in 2: to men their own advantages in
so doing. A prejudiced person
whom you wish to benefit, must be
persuadeil and assisted, not com-
pelled to be happy ; or else he may,
C2

EEMARKS ON THE LETTERS FROM ITALY.

with reason, exclaim, " a force de
rr? aimer tu me rends miserable."
Any sudden change in a govern-
ment is a saltum mortale ; and I
always thought that Lycurgus got
well off with the loss only of an
eye, in establishing his iron repub-
lic. The excellent constitution of
this country (the acme of human
wisdom) was gradually formed by
the accumulating knowledge and
prudence of centuries ; combining
the energy of the Spartan common-
wealth and the liberty of th eRoman
republic, with the advantages and
splendour of monarchy, nobly and
humanely excluding slavery and fe-
rocious barbarity*.

The treaty in questionshould be so
liberally framed on thi3 side of the
water, as to be an inducement to
every other part of Italy, to wish
for a similar compact wilh Great
Britain. This, by means of proper
British agents or consuls, would
open the eyes of the people ; coun-
teract the frantic ambition, the du-
plicity, the intrigues, and the ar-
tifices of a rival restless nation : ani-
mate the industry of the Italian
cultivators, in producing raw ma-
terials for the British manufactures ;
do manifold and practical good to
all parties ; gradually introduce ra-
tional government and liberty ; and,
in some degree at least, diffuse the

* The territory of Laconia was culti-
vated by the Helotes and other subordi-
nate slaves, who were likewise the only
artificers of the country. Infants in
Sparta, if discovered at their birth to
have any defect, were barbarously thrown
into a deep cavern. The barbarity of
the Romans to their slaves and prisoners
is well known.

blessings of the British constitution.
The useful knowledge of true po-
lity, would soon spread in those
regions, from whence the rest of
Europe formerly derived it ; shew-
ing to prudent men, that a govern-
ment which does not use all possi-
ble means and efforts to prevent in-
justice, indigence, and beggary,
in the nation it rules, deserves un-
pitied to fall.

" So perish all, whose breasts ne'er learnt to

glow
" For others good, or melt at others woe."

" Id eerie " says Livy, most
wisely, " firmissimum impcrium
est, quo ohedientes gaudent."

As to imaginary schemes of im-
practicable reform and equality,
they are only calculated to create dis-
turbances among the lower classes
of the people, to accumulate their
evils in the end, and to overturn
social order. Were it possible to
establish equality of fortunes, who
would do the necessary work to
support mankind ? The poor in
every country are necessarily doom-
ed to hard labour ; but they have a
right to equality in the eye of the
law, to receive equal administration
of justice, and to be moreover
kindly treated by the government
and the rich ; if not for the sacred
love of human kind (congenial
only to a few generous and feeling
breasts), for the sake, at least, of
their own safety, quiet, and com-
fort.

I must beg your and your read-
ers' pardon, sir, for the length of
this lucubration. " I have not had
time to make it shorter."

Your constant reader,

L. E.

London, June 1, 1S0Q.

LETTER TO AMELIA.

My dearest Child,

Your letters arc somuch what
I wish you to write to mo, that I
really believe if I had amused my-
self with fancifully composing such
epistolary communications as my
anxious heart could wish to receive
from you, they could not have been
more completely framed to fill up
the measure of my satisfaction, than
those which I now behold on the
table before me.

My occasional letters, brief as
they are, tell you of all occasional
matters ; but when I send you such
a packet as this, you will naturally
look for the well-weighed counsels
of a mother, whose whole thoughts
are directed to an only child and
darling daughter, who, by her vir-
tues, qualities, graces, and affection
(which last is the source of them all),
lias hitherto most amply rewarded
my maternal cares ; and, by the un-
remitting discharge of every duty
during the sad state of debility with
which it has pleased God to try me,
has been so kind an alleviator of my
sufferings.

When, my dear Amelia, you left
your native woodsand your mother's
arms for a winter in the metropolis,
I felt no fear ; and when I was
wheeled to the window to see the
carriage depart with you, I enjoyed
the most perfect confidence that it
would bring you back as blameless
as you left me; that not one fetid
atom of the world's corrupt ion would
infect your heart, or the slightest
stain appear on the surface of your
demeanour. But my expectations
did not rest here. I looked forward
to your attaining a practical expe-
rience of the world, and that you

woidd realize all my theories by
your own views of life, and apply
them to all the modern changes of
modes and manners. For it is mere-
ly the modes and manners that
change ; the leading motives to ac-
tion are the same at all times and in
all periods: the human heart under-
goes no substantial al/eration : it
remains unchanged as to its original
construction and character; and flic
superiority or inferiority of one pe-
riod to another, arises from no other
cause but the comparative propor-
tion of corruption which prevails.
It is most true, that, when I was
young, there was not so great a lax-
ity of manners as distinguishes the
present age. By your accounts it
appears, that you have invitations
for every night in the week, and
sometimes two or three in the same
night ; while in my youthful days,
four or five balls in a winter, as
many assemblies, an occasional
play, and twice at the opera, was
considered as a very gay winter's
routine of pleasure for a young wo-
man of rank and fortune: and I have
heard my mother say, that half that
number was scarcely allowed in her
day. She was never suffered to
dance with a gentleman who was
not ail acquaintance of her family,
and who had not presented himself
some days previous to the ball, to
ask a parental permission to have
that honour ; and now the misses
dance with men they never spoke
to before, and with half a dozen of
them in the same night, if they can
get them. For the alteration in man-
ners is more particularly striking to
us good folks of a former period, in
what seems to approach to an abo-

LETTER TO AMELIA.

lition of attentions to women ; and
hence proceeds the prevailing fami-
liarity between the sexes, to which
I, in a great measure, attribute the
frequent carelessness of domestic
character and violation of domestic
honour.

On these subjects, however, my
dearest Amelia does not require any
observations of mine, as she appears
to me to be perfectly qualified to
make them herself, in the most im-
pressive manner, and with the hap-
piest effect. I shall, therefore,
leave the objects around her to her
own reflection, and confine the
principal part of this letter, which,
from the feeble state of my fingers,
must be the result of successive ex-
ertions, to a subject of the utmost
importance to young minds, and
particularly such a mind as her's.
I have, accordingly, treated it in
that serious and argumentative way,
which I consider as best calculated
to answer the design for which it is
communicated to her. It is on
the Imagination — a very principal
source of happiness to man, and
more peculiarly dangerous when
unduly indulged by female youth ;
as, from their appropriate situations
and circumstances, they are much
more liable to be carried away by
its chimeras than the other sex;
who, from the nature of their edu-
cation, employments, and compa-
rative freedom from restraint, are
more generally fortified against it.
I have, however, treated the sub-
ject without any immediate appli-
cation ; and I leave it to you, my
dearest child, as occasion may sug-
gest, to apply it to yourself.

It cannot be denied that the ima-
gination is the most brilliant part
of ourselves: it is, if we may use

the expression, the volatile part of
the soul ; it is a kind of exhalation
which disperses itself throughout
the universe, and sometimes even
passes the boundaries of it. Among
philosophers, it calls forth new
worlds from nothing ; among the
poets, it personifies the flowers and
the springs ; in short, every object
of inanimate nature. Among the
painters, it traces a new earth and
new heavens ; among metaphysi-
cians, it darts forward to the Divi-
nity himself; in all conditions and
circumstances, it furnishes expe-
dients, and forebodes good or evil ;
in every age, it has formed useful
projects, and advanced the pro-
gress of the arts. The world would
have given us noth ing but bare dates,
etymologies, and facts, if the ima-
gination had not added its embel-
lishments ; and men, like so many
echoes, would have repeated the
same things, from the beginning of
time to the present hour. It has,
nevertheless, been the endeavour of
some writers to decry the faculty,
and to consider it as one of the most
unfavourable gifts of the Creator;
but such a depreciation of it must
have arisen from a false compre-
hension of its powers, or an igno-
rance of its resources. It will surely
be acknowledged that human hap-
piness depends, in no small degree,
on the manner in which objects are
represented to our attention ; and
the part, which the imagination must
necessarily take in such an opera-
tion, will determine its value.

Set the imagination in motion,
and it will be found to be a far su-
perior source of pleasure to our
senses : it gives ideas of fortune
when we are not rich, and they
console us ; it inspires hopes when

LETTER TO AMELIA

ttc are in pursuit of any object,
which encourage us; it suspends
grief when we suffer, and that sus-
pension calms us ; it represents to
us our country and our friends, when
we are in a foreign clime, and that
representation dissipates our discon-
tents ; it transports us to the future,
when the present annoys us ; when
we wish to recal the past, it re-
produces the pleasures which have
long since been enjoyed, and we
re-enjoy them ; it fills the mind with
new and cheerful ideas when we are
cast down, and these delights, which
are within ourselves, are far supe-
rior to those which are without us;
it gives substance to the dead whom
we lament, and we are comforted
for their loss, hy this power which
we have of restoring them, as it were,
to existence ; it even elevates us to
heaven, and enables us to contem-
plate a lifeofendless happiness, while
our sorrows appear as a necessary
part of our system, as the scene of
a drama which is about to close.

If learned men were without ima-
gination, we should find them only
in the beaten track of fact and me-
mory, while they would do nothing
more than repeat what the ancients
had said and done before them. It
is most true, that the judgment is
the grand basis of our intellect, and
must serve it as a rule, a guide,
and a support ; but the judgment,
unassisted by the imagination, will
proceed with a slow and heavy pace.
It is the latter which elevates the
soul to its native region ; nor am I
afraid to assert, paradoxical as it
may appear, that the man who lias
nothing more than mere good sense,
as it is called, crawls upon the
earth, being destitute of that fine,
impelling elasticity, which can alone

quicken the mind into that superior
state of activity and energy of which
it is capable, and for Avhich it is
designed . We see examples of this
among certain phlegmatic nations,
whose character is that of rude, ina-
nimate reason, and who neither ex-
cel in conversation, composition, or
invention ; who are astonished at
the display of lively and shining
talents, while whatever requires a
prompt and vigorous execution,
disturbs and disconcerts them.

It must, however, be acknow-
ledged, that this good sense, in its
insulated state, is superior to the
imagination, when left alone to the
uncontrouled exercise of its own im-
petuosities ; but it is not less true,
that reason is but a tardy principle
when it is not enlivened by the
soul, and refined by the imagina-
tion. It is by quitting the beaten
road, and taking a flight superior
to his contemporaries, that a man
acquires the character of genius :
he is but an ordinary person who
invents or improves nothing. It
may be said, indeed, that good
sense is attended with no danger,
and that genius is continually on the
verge of it. But who will venture
to speak of our ancestors in terms
of applause, who accused those of
sorcery and secret communication
with the devil, whose inquisitive
and active minds dived into the se-
crets of nature, and displayed the
phenomena of the natural world,
some of whom were conveyed to the
flames ? What character shall we
give of that age, when Galileo was
punished with a prison for making
those astronomicaldiscoveries which
truth and experiment have confirm-
ed, and have since been adopted
by every civilized nation .' Per-

LETTER TO AMELIA.

baps it may be suggested, that this
con lined reason was the misfortune
of those times, and that a too great
indulgence of the imagination is a
defect of our own : to produce per-
fection, then, they must be united.
While the mere man of imagination
may be too often on the brink of
error, the efforts of unassociated
reason are cold, phlegmatic, and
uninteresting ; but he who is pos-
sessed of them both, may be con-
sidered, in the best sense of the
term, as a real genius.

When we persuade ourselves that
every thing is the effect of imagi-
nation, it is then that Ave indulge it
to a very dangerous degree of ex-
cess, and become the victims of it ;
it then acts against itself: and
while we suppose ourselves to be
possessed of a superior degree of
penetration and intelligence, we are
but visionaries. It may be dan-
gerous to believe too much, but is
more so to believe nothing at all.
The ancients were often too credu-
lous, because they did not apply
lo experiment ; while we of this
age, who are for trying every thing
by that test, are too apt to doubt
of every thing ; blind credulity
proceeds from the one, and a bold
incredulity springs from the other :
but when they are tempered by a
happy commixture, it need not be
added, that the nature of our faith
will be at once rational and en-
lightened.

What a delightful power, then,
the imagination is, when guided by
reason ! It takes its flight through
the universe ; sometimes to con-
template its beauties — at others, to
reduce them to nothing : it darts
forward into space beyond the reach
of the senses, and which seems to be

the region of spirits. They who are
under the dominion of the senses,
have no other than a sensual gratifi-
cation, and give up all those supe-
rior sentiments, the cultivation and
indulgence of which we may call
the enjoyment of ourselves : where-
as, when we encourage only cor-
poreal ideas, we must understand
by ourselves, that case of corrup-
tion with which we are environed ;
and by enjoyment, an abandonment
to sensual pleasures. In what a mi-
serable state, then, is man, when
he thus grovels on the earth, on
which it becomes him to tread with
the dignity of which his nature is
susceptible !

The excellence of the imagination
cannot be denied ; it is essential to
the advancement of science and of
art; and, above all, calculated to
purify, subtilize, and refine our sen-
sual affections : it is its irregularities
alone which seduce us. There is
nothing which gives the mind more
convincing notions of its own gran-
deur, than this superior faculty :
under its influence, man finds him-
self possessed, as it were, of a ere-*
ative power, and he is frequently
astonished at the variety of his pro-
ductions. We frequently resemble
a state of chaos, where nothing is
to be distinguished ; and our de-
sires and. our thoughts are so con-
fused, that we cannot bring them
into order or arrangement till the
imagination comes to our aid, when
we quickly perceive ourselves en-
livened and embellished , while beau-
ties spring up in the mind to sur-
prise and delight us. The imagi-
nation h> the most brilliant power
which we possess : it is a sublime
talent, with which we are endowed
for the happiest purposes j and,

RECENT ERUPTION OF MOUNT ETNA.

Tinder a duo regulation, it will never
fail to attain them.

An attention to this subject is of
the most importance in our early
days, when the mind is less dis-
turbed by cares and serious avoca-
tions, when it enjoys a kind of ho-
liday between the period of educa-
tion and the settled employments of
life. The heart, says the wise man,
is deceitful above all things ; and
there is no power which so effectu-
ally aids its delusions as that of the
imagination : they who are under

its unsubjugated influence, may be
said to be flying with their wings be"
fore their eyes. Akenside's poem on
its pleasures is the work of a superior
man ; and I cannot but wish that some
poet of equal genius would illustrate
the pains of it. But I have pro-
ceeded to a great length, and you.
must have already perceived that
the difficulty of writing increases
with every line. I can only add the
blessing of

Your most affectionate mother.

RECENT ERUPTION OF MOUNT ETNA.
TO THE EDITOR.

Messina, 15th April, ISOQ.

>IR.

It will give me great pleasure
to have it in my power to comply
wiili your wish of sending to you
from hence such communications as
may be presumed generally inter-
esting to the readers of your maga-
zine. Since my stay here, however,
little in the political way has oc-
curred which can be deemed wor-
thy of a pliice in a publication like
your's ; and whatever there might
be, to have chosen me as the organ
of your Sicilian communications,
appears rather unfortunate. I am
any thing but an author; I never
in my life wrote a syllable for the
press, except once an advertisement
for a terrier I lost in the crowd on
the king's birth-day.

But although the present letter
will be barren of political intelli-
gence, our neighbour Etna has put it
in my power to satisfy your request
in another way: I allude to the
great eruption which happened a
few days ago. At present my ac-
count will be rather superficial, not

No. VII. Vol. IT.

having yet had time to ascend the
volcano myself, and the reports be-
ing still vague and undigested ; but
probably in a future letter I may-
be able to give you a more detailed
description of this grand phenome-
non. What I now send, however,
may not the less be depended upon
as correct.

Tuesday, the 27th of last month,
the inhabitants of the neighbour-
hood of the mountain were fright-
ened by repeated and violent shocks
of an earthquake. These were
soon followed by immense volumes
of ashes and other volcanic matter
thrown up from the mouth of the
crater to a great height, so as to
darken the sky, and to fill all the
environs with ashes, Messina not
excepted. At this moment the
city is covered with the cinders.
This dry rain lasted five hours and
a half. This, however, was only
a prelude. On the 2Sth, towards
evening, the fiery matter forced its
way through two apertures below
the crater, and was thrown up to a
prodigious height. The flames and
D

LETTEitS FROM ITALY.

red hot stones, &c. afforded a most
sublime spectacle. On the 29th
and following days, upwards of
twenty different apertures were
formed in different parts of the
mountain, from all which the erup-
tions of fire and stones in all direc-
tions Mere tremendous. Streams
of red hot lava ran down profusely,
and in their descent destroyed every
thing at a touch. A fine chesnut
wood, several extensive olive plan-
tations and vineyards, became in-
stantly a prey to the liquid element.
Upwards of twelve square miles arc
inundated by the fiery torrent. Of
the many apertures, two in particu-
lar continued vomiting' fire and lava
for several days, and caused the
greatest damage. No lives have
been lost; although the village of
Lingua Glossa had nearly been de-
stroyed : a stream of lava approach-
ed it within two miles, and would

have reached it in its descent, had
it not stopped of its own accord.
At first the lava travelled at the
rate of one yard per minute, about
a week ago its velocity hud been
reduced to one or two feet per hour.
It is about six miles down the moun-
tain ; some of its channels are half
a mile in breadth an:! GO 'o 80 feet
deep. Several new mountains have
been formed on the base of the old
one.

We are not without fear that this
was not the last act of the tremend-
jl ous conflagration. No exact esti-
j mate has as yet been formed of the
| damage occasioned by the eruption;
I but the extent and value of the land-
!j ed property destroyed by it must
[ be very great,, and a number of fa-
ji milies who solely subsisted on the
produce of their fields, have been
reduced to a state of absolute beg-
gary. I remain, &c.

LETTERS FROM ITALY.

LETTER V.

Naples, May — , 1802.

My dedr T.

Never, never, did I miss
more the presence of my good friend
and companion of my early ram-
bles through life, than yesterday,
•when I rested my weary limbs on I
the neat counter of an oil-shop, kept j
by — a cotemporary of Vespasian ; \
the olive juice was dried up to a
caput mortuuni in three large jars
fixed in another counter, and a
score in red chalk on the wall ad-
joining, graphically demonstrated
the poor man's business not to have
been altogether a ready money con-
cern . So then ,< he ancient Romans
went upon tick as well as ourselves !
Mark that; m passant, as an im-

portant antiquarian fact. Whether
poor Olearius ever got paid for the
fourteen quarts and five pints, or
whether, like the black sponge
carried in the Gordian fancy of
our extinguishers of the national
debt, the volumes of Vesuvian
ashes at one puff liquidated all
accounts, by overwhelming boohs
and goods, and debtor and creditor,
in one common ruin, or whether

Nay, whither am I roaming

again -in this wild manner ? I was
going to say, what I am sure you
have already guessed at — I have
been to Pompeji ! — Pompeji, the
gold mine of antiquity, the greatest
classic jewel on earth. All the
museums in Europe,, all the pon«

LETTERS PROM ITALY.

tlerous folios of a Monlfaucon, a
Lipsins, and tliehostof antiquarian
authors, dwindle into insignificance
■when compared with the sight of
an elegant Graco-Roman town
resuscitated from an oblivion of up-
wards of sixteen centuries, in a
state of perfection as if inhabited
but 3'esterday ; thebeautiful mosaic
pavements uninjured ; the colours
of the paintings fresher than in ma-
ny a picture of modern artists, after
the lapse of a few years ; domestic
utensils in their proper places ; the
horses' corn in their manger ; the
Frying-pan over the fire, ..where the
cook had placed it anno 81, only
the meat done to a cinder. Such,
my dear T. would even at this mo-
ment have been the face of Pompeji,
had not almost every thing mov-
able, nay, immovable too, been
carried away to be entombed in
museums. What sensations, what
reflections, must have rushed upon
the beholder of these wonders ! Of
my own reveries over the remnants,
I will spare you the perusal : the
wish, however, to have had you at
my side to see and feel with me,
was the common refrain of every
one of them. As it was, I had
no one with whom I could share my
pleasure, to whom I could commu-
nicate my feelings at so novel a sight.
Don Michele, indeed, had accom-
panied me again on this excursion;
but his surly temper, his everlasting
doubts and objections, served only
as a drawback on the intellectual
enjoyment of which Pompeji pre-
sents so ample a harvest. Only
hear one instance of his oddity, of
the perverse turn of his ratiocina-
tion. The cold replies which I re-
ceived to some of my expressions
«f admiration at the objects around

us, convinced me presently that he
participated but little in my gratifi-
cation ; but I was far from suspect-
ing the monstrous hypothesis which
his brains were breedingall the while,
and the birth of which was only
retarded by the too close presence
of our guide. No sooner had we
ascended the elevated steps of the
theatre, leaving the guide in the
arena, than he assumed a most
knowing look, and addressed me to
the following purport : " I see,
Don L. you are filled with astonish-
ment at all these things, and I assure
you mine is as great; although, I
own, it proceeds from a very dif-
ferent cause. What I wonder at,
is that a man of your sense, who
has learned and seen so much,
should suffer himself to be imposed
upon in such a barefaced way by
this artificial rubbish, reared on
purpose to deceive those that in
their blind antiquarian zeal can
swallow the dose so artfully prepar-
ed for them. Pompeji indeed !
Believe me, dear sir, none of these
structures, columns, painted walls,
and other antiquarian nonsense, are
even of so old a date as our house
on the Infrescata, the building of
which I perfectly remember. All
you here behold has been fabricated
(at an immense expence to be sure)
by our Neapolitan government,
partly out of a foolish pride, but
chiefly to attract travellers from all
parts of Europe, and to make them
spend their money in the kingdom.
The practicability of such a scheme
you certainly will not deny. But
what I assert, rests on confidential
information derived from unques-
tionable authority. Whenever any
of these pretented excavations were
carrying on, the greatest care wa?
D2

LETTERS FEOM ITALY.

taken not to admit any one but those
that were absolutely necessary to
the execution of the work : much
was done by night ; sculptors, archi-
tects, and painters, were sent for
from Rome to further the cheat ; in
short, the greatest secrecy and mys-
tery was used in the whole opera-
tion, and is so to this day. Not
but that now and then the cloven
foot is discernible : the town is pav-
ed with lava from Mount Vesuvius,
whose very first eruption, we know,
caused its destruction. Do you see
any of those beautiful marble co-
lumns with which all the ancient
temples and towns were decorated ?
No ! here they are made of brick-
work stuccoed over, because, for-
sooth, such ones may be got up in a
Tery little time ; and as for the
paintings, they may be fresh indeed,
but no man will persuade me that
they would be so had they been ex-
posed to the most violent eruption
of a volcano, and, after that, Jain
Tery superficially buried for near
2000 years, exposed to alternate
changes of heat and rain. Only
look at Torre del Greco ! do you
imagine our descendants 2000 years
hence will by digging restore that
unfortunate place, or find any thing
but ashes and lava ? Why even
the brass and iron work was melted
in an instant. But to return to
Pompeji : have these would-be ex-
cavators found any treasures of mo-
ney, jewels, or plate? Oh no!
the people they tell you had run
off with their valuables and left the

empty chests behind 1 sec

you smile, Don L. Well ! if, after
what I have taken the liberty to
point out, you can still stomach the
joke, much good may it do to you,
and the recital of these wonders to

your countrymen. One thing, how-
ever, I am sure of: if the question
had been about some miracle or
mystery of our holy religion, you
would not have lent your faith at so
cheap a rate, you would not have
been at a loss to start a thousand
scruples and objections ; so it be
but antiquity, all is gospel. But
no matter, every one in his own

way. Murtdus vult decipiergo "

Well, dear T, what do you say
to the hcterodo.xieal tenets of this
unclassic heretic ? At all events,
they have the merit of originality.
To have endeavoured to refute them
by argument would have been in
vain, nor had I indeed a mind to
lose the most precious moments of
my life in so unprofitable a discus-
sion. Giving the good man to un-
derstand that every one was at li-
berty to form his own opinion in
matters of doubt, I continued my
researches. Unfortunately for hu-
man nature, Don Michele is not the
first, nor probably will be the last,
to rack his brains for delusive so-
phisms, by which to kick truth from
before his feel .

Thus far, dear T. had 1 written
yesterday, intending to resume the
thread of my narrative this morn-
ing in the same desultory way,
when on going todihrier at Mr.AWs
(an English merchant in the city, in
whose house I have been received
with true British hospitality), 1 was
agreeably surprised on finding' your
short letter of the -

, directed tome
at Malta. Are you aware, my good
friend, what task you arc assigning
to my feeble powers ? These are
your own words, which 1 make
free to repeat, lest you have for-
gotten the Augean labour they ini-

LETTERS FROM ITALY.

pose upon me.

(i You no doubt

will make the discoveries in the an-
cient cities of Herculaneum, Stabile,
and Pompeii in particular, the
principal subjects of your classic
enquiries at Naples. You know
how often those interesting ruins
have been the subject of our even-
ing's chat at B.'s, how disappointed
we felt at the vague and scattered
notices we could glean of them.
Believe me, I do not envy you
for being in the midst of the ori-
ginals; on Vae contrary, I congra-
tulate myself on having a friend on
the spot, from whom I may expect
more satisfactory observations on
every thing relating to those classic
towns, than I could have made
had I been there myself. I long
for a concise account of their de-
struction, the time and maimer of
their discovery, a description of
every house, temple, theatre, &c. ;
of the paintings, statues, utensils,
trinkets, &c. ; of the manuscripts,
the method of unrolling them, the
progress already made : in short, of
anything, however trilling, which
can attract your attention. For all
this and much more, 1 am sure 1
shall not long in vain. 1 know yoa
are able and willing to grant my
request."

Willing, certainly ; able, by no
means ; at least not to the extent of \
your systematic prospectus. it
was with much difficulty I obtained
my physician's leave to visit Pom-
peji, and only on the express con-
dition that I was not to venture in-

occasional use in the following
pages), I find the trouble, and dan-
ger to my health, would have been
ill repaid. You will further ob-
serve, that Uic Neapolitan court, in
their flight from hence to Palermo,
packed up and took with them
the most valuable statues and
other antiquities ; although what
remains in the museum at Portici
still affords matter for much curious
speculation.

Thus much I think it right to
state by way of proviso, trusting
that, coupled with the circumstance
of my indisposition, it will ope-
rateas an excuse; if, which I know
must be the case, the following ac-
count of Pompeji, Herculaneum,
and Stabiae, fall short of your
sanguine expectations and my own
wishes.

When it is considered that
among the ancients geography had
not arrived at that degree of per-
fection which has raised it to the
rank of a science among the mo-
derns, we shall not be surprised at
the scanty information afforded us
by the authors of antiquity respect-
ing the three provincial towns which
form the subject of the present en-
quiry. The meager notices to be
collected from Pliny, Strabo, Dio,
Seneca, Suetonius, and perhaps
other writers, are scarcely suffici-
ent to indicate their respective sites ;
and our estimation of their former
condition and importance, is rather

derived from the discovery of their
to the subterraneous excavations ofij remains, than from any thing those
Herculaneum. The latter iuderdict |! authors have left us.

I regretted the less, as from the
memorandums of a friend who
descended into that gloomy place
(and of which 1 shall make some

H EttCUL AX Et'M

was situated on a point of kind
stretching into the gulph of Naples2
about two miles distant from thai

LETTERS FIIOM ITALY.

city, nearly where the modern
towns ©f Portici and Resina, and
the royal palace, which separates
both, now stand. The neck of land
on which it stood, and which is now
no more, formed a small harbour.
Hence the appellation of Jlerculis
Porticum sometimes given to Iler-
culaneum, and thence, probably,
the modern name of Portici. The
latter indeed, I am informed, is ab-
solutely above some of the excava-
tions of Herculaneum ; and the just
fear of endangering the safety of
Portici by undermining it, is stated
as one of the principal reasons of
the little progress hitherto made in
the Herculancan discoveries. It
would certainly be carrying classic
zeal too far to risk the existence of
a flourishing modern town for the
sake of exploring one already in
ruins, at the depth of GO feet and
upwards below the other. This ap-
parent submersion and total change
in the face of the country, may
naturally be attributed to the re-
peated accumulation of ashes, sand,
and other volcanic matter thrown
out from Mount Vesuvius. But
not only does Herculaneum lie so
much below the present surface of
the land, it is even considerably
lower than the level of the sea,
which latter, therefore, must have
risen greatly since its destruction.
The former extent and importance
of this town may be judged of by
the size of its beautiful theatre and
forum ; and if you are inclined to
give to an inscription found there
in red chalk on a wall, the same
serious interpretation as some Nea-
politan antiquarians, and * ven
Winckclmann, have done, you will
allow that a place which boasted of
nine hundred taverns or public-

houses, could not but have been of
considerable magnitude. But here
is the inscription :

In praediis Julice Sp. F. Felicis
locaniur balneum venerium ct non-
gent urn tabcrnce pergulce roenacula
ex idibus Aug. priniis in idusAug.
sexlas annos continues quinque
s. q. d. I. e. n. c. A. Suctlium xe-
rum. Aed.

Now, I confess, were I to see on
a dead wall in London an advertise-
ment to the same effect, i. e. To be let,
situated on the estate of Miss Julia
Felix, daughter of Sp. Felix, Esq.
a balneum venerium, as also nine
hundred gin- skaps or eating-houses,
SfC. SfC. 1 should be inclined to take
the whole for a joke or pasquil pass-
ed by some wag upon poor Miss
Juliet. But supposing all were in
good earnest, no inference on the
size of Herculaneum is warrantable
from the inscription : the estate of
Julia need not to have been in the
town where it is advertised ; it might,
for ought we know, be situated on
the other side of the Po. — How-
ever, use your own judgment on this
important point; only, if I have
missed the mark in my antiquarian
illustration, consider, it is my maid-
en essay in this ljne J
Pompeji
is about seven miles from Hercula-
neum in a south-east direction, a
very little to the left of the great
road from Naples to Salerno. Its
trade, according to Strabo, was
considerable ; the inland commodi-
ties received from Nola, Nocera,
and other places in thatdistrict, were
there exchanged for transmarine
goods brought up the river Sarno.
Of the port, however, which it is
said to have possessed, no trace re-
mains ; its distance from the sea is

LETTERS FROM ITALY.

upwards of a mile at present, owing
probntly to o^ea^ic additions of
territory, not w the retiring of the
sea, which, as I have shewn above,
-has rather advanced, than receded,
in these regions. Perhaps, too, the
sea may at all times have been as
far oft' as it now is ; and what
Strabo calls a port, was very likely
a basin, or wet dock, formed by
the Sarno, similar to the fine basin
at Bruges, or to the West India
docks now building in England.
But whatever may have been the
trade of Pompeji, there can be no
doubt, from its remains," that, both
in size and importance, it greatly
surpassed Herculaneum. it had
two theatres, one a very large one ;
its barracks prove it to have been a
military station : and the length of
the high street, as well as the ele-
gant apartments in many of its
houses, together with the variety of
fine specimens of the plastic arts,
sufficiently attest its former extent
and opulence.

St.*. bijs
has not yet been visited by me ;
perhaps I shall not go thither at
all. Nothing but some remains
of villas, stript of all that is worth
seeing, are to be seen there. The
town itself had been destroyed in
the civil wars of Sylla, long before
the calamity which befel the two
other places. Its situation was still
further to the south-east of the vol-
cano than Pompeji, nearly where
the modern Gragnano stands.

Thus much, my dear T. for the si-
tuation and former condition of these
Vesuvian towns; now to the mode
and time of their destruction, then
to the manner and period of their
discovery, and finally, to the build-
ings, remains of art, and manifold

objects of curiosity actually found
in their bosom. You see, my plan
at least is perfectly made up accord-
ing to prescription, progressively
systematic. As for the execution,
God knows how I shall get through
it. You know my antipathy to
systems ; you recollect, I dare say,
the friendly altercation which took
place, a few days before my depar-
ture, at Somerset-house, when I
was for examining first the most im-
portant pictures in preference to
beginning the review at the door of
every room in the exhibition, as
proposed by you. You then in-
dulged my eccentric propensity.
I now curb it into the regular track
chalked out by your mandate. All
fair! afewsideway flights, however,
I fear you will have to put up with.

The destruction, then, of these

towns took place (upon my

word, if you saw the vibrating mo-
tion of my fore-finger behind my
left ear, and the concomitant ascent
of both eyebrows, you would feel
for my perplexity on this head).
'Tis no easy matter for me to say
precisely when they were subter-
ranized. The big wigs differ : let
them speak for themselves.

Seneca. — Pompeji almost totally
destroyed by earthquake in Uie time
of Nero.

Suetonius. — Among the calami-
ties which befel the Roman empire
during the reign of Titus, is the
" conflagration" of Vesuvius. —
Commissioners were appointed to
conduct the " restoration" of Cam-
pania, ruined by that dreadful erup-
tion ; and the property of those
that had lost their lives and left no
heirs, was, by a decree of that em-
peror, appropriated to the relief of
the suffering towns.

Dio. — The eruption of Vesuvius,

9 J

l.KTTEUS TROM ITALY.

under Titus's reign, overwhelmed,

fit the same time, the towns of Iler-
culancum and Pompeji, just when
the inhabitants of the latter place
were assembled in the theatre.

Pliny (Bat you recollect ii is

letter about the deal]} of his uncle :
'tis a long story, not to be repeated
here.)

Now, if we believe Seneca and
Dio — as to Suetonius, his story we
may qualify one way or the other,
the man mentions no names; — if we
credit the two others, the case must
stand as follows : — 1st, Pompeji, as
it stood in Titus's reign, had been
rebuilt in the short space of lime
intervening between Nero and Titus,
about twelve years; — and, Sndly,
thousands of people were buried
under the ashes in the theatre. Both
these deductions, however, are con-
trary to facts : not a soul, or at
least not a bone, was found on clear-
ing the theatre; and that, as well
as other edifices, bear indubitable
marks of a much higher age than
twelve, or even twenty years : yet,
after all, it is difficult to exclude
Seneca's evidence ; he was a co-
temporary, lie was Nero's minister.
There certainly is a way to i^ct rid
of him, but I am almost afraid to
propose it. As a financier, he might
have been desirous of raising a new
tax, under the pretext of relieving
the sufFercrs by the Campanian
earthquake, which, likely enough,
was not near so bad as he made it.

But, say .you, what arc we to be-
lieve, then ? Why, do as I do,
in awkward predicaments like this,
when something must be believed :
take that for truth which the gene-
rality of people take as such, and
store up your doubts for particular
occasions when you wish to make a

figure with your learning. Let us,
therefore, believe that the destruc-
tion of Ilerculaneum, Pompeji, and
of what remained of Stabiae, was oc-
casioned by the pretended first erup-
tion of Vesuvius on the first day of
November, in the year 81 of our
christian aera. How the sea-vans
of antiquity could set this down as
the first eruption, I am at a loss to
conceive. The streets of Pompeji
arc paved with lava ; and lava, as
well as other volcanic materials, are
intermixed in the walls of many
houses ; nay, the latter arc even
built on volcanic soil. It can but.
therefore, have been the first erup-
tion Ihcy knew of; and anterior
ones must have taken place, but at
such a remote distance of time, as
not to be within the reach of his-
tory or tradition.

With regard to the means which
immediately occasioned the ruins of
Herculaneum, Pompeji, and Sta-
biae, it is evident that they were not
the same. Herculaneum, and every
lliing in it, was, in the first in-
stance, overwhelmed with a deep
stratum of hot mud, which was im-
mediately followed by a torrent of
lava ; so that, in the excavation of
it, the upper crust of lava is first
to be pierced, before you arrive at
the dry. but coagulated mass of
mud beneath it. Whether this mud
wa» thrown up from the mountain,
or formed by torrents of rain, ]
leave to naturalists to decide. To
the incrustation of the lava it is
probably owing that the objects
found at Herculaneum are more car-
bonized, and of course more im-
paired, than those at Pompeji and
Stabiae ; which latter towns appear
to have been only covered by an
immense imowcrofash.es, sand, and

ANSWER TO MEDICAL QUE II Y

oilier light and dry volcanic sub-
stances, little, or not hi all, affected
by humidity, and free from any
lava. Hence the greater facility
and progress in the Pompejan dis-
coveries ; for Pompeji is so little un-
derground, that were the. volcanic
hillsofsand,&c. entirely removed, 1
am of opinion the whole town would
nearly be on a level with the sur-
rounding count* y.

It is also to be inferred, that the
catastrophe could not have hap-
pened so suddenly -is not to give
the greatest part of the ii. habitants
sufficient warning and time to save
their lives, and even the it most va-
luable effects. The number of bo-
dies hitberto found is inconsidera-
ble ; and some of those being in
prison, and in fetters, had not the
power of escaping. Of money, too,

jewels, and precious metals, little
has yet been met with ; all these were
naturally first secured by the fugi-
tives : and some empty chests, fur-
niture, and utensils, found irregu-
larly scattered about, and alluded
to in friend Michele's dissertation,
prove, if not his wild position, at
any rate the hurry and confusion
prevailing at that unfortunate mo-
ment.

[n a future letter, rny dear T.
you Will allow me to r< a me the
t h read of my subject . Already o at
of humour with the mediocrity of
the above performance, 1 fear, if I
Continue i' ai present, worse would
be added to bad, ami perhaps the
.vhole be consigned to the flames:
there is a merit, therefore," i leav-
ing off in time. Gfod bless y >u.
Your's, ^vC.

ANSWER TO THE MEDICAL QUERY in Vol. I. p. 370.
TO THE EDITOR.

Sir,

Respecting the cure for the
cutaneous disease alluded to by the
Enquirer, at p. 370 of your sixth
number, the opinions of medical
men will certainly differ as much
as they do concerning others. Al-
lowing his narrative to be correct,
I should imagine that the practi-
tioner whom he saw, borrowed his
mode of cure from a work which
appeared in J7o9, at Paris, in two
duodecimo volumes, with the title
of Traite des Tumeurs et Ulceres,
and was received with high com-
mendations. The authors of the
Journal des Savans speak of the
above cure in the following terms :
" L'auteur regarde le feu volage
comme u/ie dartre crouteuse, qui est
determines au menton par quel que

No. VII. Vol. II.

cause parficuliere. Entre div< is
remedes usites, qu'il vent qu'on y
employe exterieurement, ii con pte
ics etincelles de pierre a fusil, qu'on
fait tomber sur le mal." Had the
author of this work been pres. .at at
the scene witnessed by th< Enqui-
rer, he would certainly have ap-
proved of the flint and steel cure.
On the other hand, the celebrated
German writer, Junker, in his
Surger?/, ascribes carbuncled faces
to plethora ; and he would have
thought nothing of the whole pro-
cess, except the blow given by the
doctor to the ncje of the patient :
and this is a source of discord be-
tween the disciples of these two
masters of the art respecting the
cure with Hint and steel. The Pa-

j risians insist on discharging ashow-

1 E

TRANSPOSITION OF MUSICAL CLEFS, &C.

er of sparks at the faces of persons
afflicted with the disease in ques-
tion, and the Germans maintain the
necessity of battering them about,
the now-. The latter, in support
of their theory, assert, that, from
time immemorial, no man, let him
be as fond as he would of his

bottle, was ever known to have a
carbunclcd face, if, whenever he
came home intoxicated, his wife
thumped him in the face till she
gave him a bloody nose. At any
rate, the experiment might easily
be made.

I am your's, &c.

TRANSPOSITION OF MUSICAL CLEFS, AND NEW METHOD
OF FIGURING THOROUGH BASS.

TO THE EDITOR.

gethcr gratuitous. Sir John Steven-
son writes his tenor parts in the
treble clef, with a direction in the

Sir,
In an advertisement for publish-
ing the vocal works of Handel by
subscription, the editor, Dr. John
Clarke, of Cambridge, announces
his intention of transposing the se-
veral tenor parts into the treble clef;
a plan which, if generally followed,
would much facilitate the practice
of music. It therefore gives me
much pleasure to find that the doc-
tor does not stand single in his ideas
on this subject, but that the same
plan is adopted in Power's Selec-
tion of Irish Melodies, a work now
publishing in numbers, the words
for which are supplied by Thomas
Moore, Esq. and the musical ac-
companiments by Sir John Steven-
son. The diversity of the bass and
treble clefs depends upon an obvi-
ous reason ; the one being intended
as a continuation of the other, as
appears by their inosculating in the
note c, which stands midway be-
tween them. — (See Fig. No. I.)

But the chief object of the tenor
clefs seems to be, that of giving a
position for the notes upon the stafF,
by which the inconvenience of many
.leaser lines is avoided ; but if this
object can be equally well attained
ly means of the treble, the trouble
of learnino: the others must be alto-

margin, "to be sung eight notes
lower," which is very easily done ;
and according to which, the notes
of the counter-tenor are removed
just one degree higher. — (See Figs.
Nos. 2 and 3.)

As this, however, is, in reality,
giving us a second treble clef an
octavo lower than the common one,
I would recommend writing it in
the way pointed out in Fig. No. 4„
as a more ready way of distinguish-
ing it, than by a verbal direction.

Having such respectable autho-
rity in behalf of one innovation, I
shall venture to propose another of
my own, relating to the figuring of
thorough bass, which I submit, to
the judgment of musicians. Ac-
cording to the received system, a
number of chords* having totally
different roots, are represented by
the same figures, which throws con-
siderable difficulties in the way of
such novices as I am. I would,
therefore, propose to signify the
root, or fundamental bass, by its
appropriate letter of the alphabet,
and then place the figures over such
letter, implying, that the notes in
the treble hand were to be reckoned

EUROPEAN MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.

from the root, and not from the
biss note, except when both were
the same : a single example will
sufficiently illustrate my meaning.
Instead of designating the chords,
as in Fig. No. 5, I would write the
same chords as shewn in No. 6 ; a
method which, I conceive, would
b.J attended with many advantages.
The student would always know the
root at first, sight, which would
greatly expedite his advancement
both in theory and practice ; the
several inversions would sufficiently
appear from the bass notes, and the

figuring of each chord would be in-
variable. It is true I have confessed
myself a novice in this branch of
science ; but a novice being per-
haps the best judge of what im-
pedes his own progress, may there-
fore be able to give a good hint for
its removal, which may prove of
signal utility ; for, be it remem-
bered, that the clearer the method
by which the scholar is instructed,
the sooner will the man of science
be formed. 11.

Milford, South Wales,
May B3d, IS09

HISTORICAL FACTS RELATIVE TO EUROPEAN MANNERS

AND CUSTOMS.

(Continued from Vol. I. page 358.)

Monarchs, gentlemen, persons
of rank and fortune, and all those
who now ride in costly equipages,
formerly went abroad on horseback ;
even princesses, and their female at-
tendants, were mounted in solemn
proces&ions, in going a visiting or to

church, on horses richly cnpar'-
soned, or were carried in sedans.
Women of distinction commonly
travelled in covered carriages, of
rude construction, and the use of
which was allowed, by particular
ordinances, to none but the uohi*
E2

EUROPEAN MANNERS AND CUSTOMS,

lity. The modern coaches were
first invented in France, at the com-
mencenaent of the fifteenth century.
fi'-st person that rode in a ve-
hi le resembling them, was Queen
Isabella, the consort of Charles VI.
F iriee. At her entry into Paris
105$ she appeared in an extra-
i y vehicle, with movable
seats . and, in all probability, these
conv ' • t carriages were contrived
expressly for the queen, who was
very fond oftra veiling. As none but
ladies al first went abroad in these
newly - invented carriages} hung
upon straps, 'hey were denominated
chariots damerets, ladies' chariots.
Being afterwards improved, and
bi: i.i ;.< nearly totheir present form,
(luring the reign of Francis I. they
received the name of coaches. Such
was tin. t made by order of Francis
I. for de Poitiers, duchess de Va-
ientinois.

Ladies of distinction still conti-
nued to enjoy the exclusive privi-
lege of riding in these dark cages,
which had leather curtains instead
if glass windows, till Raimond de
Laral, one of the courtiers of Fran-
cis I. was necessitated to make use
of a coach, becau \e he was so pro-
digiously corpulent, that no horse
was able to carry him. His coach,
and that of the duchess de Valen-
tinbis, were, in the middle of the
sixteenth century, the only vehi-
cles of the kind in Paris. The con-
venience of the new carriages soon
gained them admirers ; and the la-
dies of the court, and other Parisian
females of distinction, following the
example of the queen, soon began
to ride about in their coaches. The
parliament of Paris, however, con-
sidering this innovation as no better
tlnin a corruption of morals and

dangerous luxury, proposed fo
Charles IX. to limit the use of
coaches in general, and to permit it
only on journies.

It does not appear that Charles
paid any attention to this remon-
strance, as coaches were still very
expensive, and not very common.
Mennwhile, what this parliament
could not accomplish by prohibi-
tions and punishments, some of its
members, who adhered to the good
old customs, strove to effect by
their example. Gilles lc Maitre,
first president of the parliament of
Paris, when he went with his fa-
mily into the country, used to ride
with his wife and daughter in a
mean car filled with straw, and fol-
lowed by a servant mounted on a
mule. Christopher de Thou, who
not long afterwards, during the reign
of Henry III. was first president of
the parliament of Paris, was not so
intolerant in regard to the conve-
nient coaches, but kept an equipage
on purpose for his wife. This was
the fourth coach in Paris, and his
wife was the only private person
allowed to keep an equipage, which
had before been a prerogative of the
royal family.

In the time of king Henry IV.
coaches were still a rarity — Henry
and his queen had only one between
them. This is proved by a letter
of that monarch to one of his inti-
mate friends, in which he excuses
himself for not being able to call
upon him, because the queen would
just at the time want their mutual
carriage. During his reign, also,
persons of the highest rank at Paris
were nearly strangers to coaches.
Nicole d'Aubespine, a lady of the
highest distinction, when she paid
visits of ceremony, used to rid^

EUROPEAN MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.

upon a mule behind her husband'3
secretary.

The oldest coaches used by the
ladies of England were denominated
whirlicoteS; i name now sunk into
oblivion. About the end of the
fourteenth century, when Richard
II. was forced to fly from his rebel-
lious subjects, he and all brs attend-
ants travelled on horseback, his mo-
ther only riding in a coach, as she
was indisposed. This afterwards
became unfashionable, the daughter
of the French king, Charles IV.
having shewn the ladies of England
how conveniently she could ride on
a side-saddle.

According to Stow, coaches first
came to be used in England about
the middle of the sixteenth century,
having: been introduced from Ger-
many by the Earl of Arundel. The
English plenipotentiary came to
Scotland in a coach in 1598, and
they were in general use about the
year 1605.

In Germany they were in fashion
at the beginning of the fifteenth.
John Sigismund, elector of Bran-
denburg, made use of this new kind
of state carriage on his journey to
Warsaw, to receive the homage of
the Prussians. At the election of the
emperor Matthias, the deputies of
Brandenburg had also three coaches
among them ; but they were mean
vehicles, composed of four boards
fastened together.

So late as the middle of the six-
teenth century, coaches were a ra-
rity in Switzerland. In 1676, the
inhabitants of Baden were highly
astonished when the French ambas-
sador and his retinue made their
entry into that city in coaches. Jn
Italy, where the era of the use of

coaches is unknown, glass windows
were first introduced instead of lea-
ther curtains ; and Marshal de Bas-
sompierre brought the first glazed
coach to France. Coaches were, by
degrees, constructed with greater
elegance, glided externally, and
lined in the inside with velvet and
other stud's, decorated with sculp-
ture and paintings, and their num-
ber increased every year. In 1658,
Paris contained 390, and in 1763,
upwards of 13,000 coaches.

The nuptial carriage of tlie first
wife of Leopold, emperor of Ger-
many, a Spanish princess, cost,
including the harness, 38,000 flo-
rins. The coaches used by that
monarch are thus described : — In
the imperial coaches no great mag-
nificence was to be seen, being co-
vered over with red cloth and black
nails : the harness was black, and
no gold was to be seen in the whole
work : they had glass pannels, for
which reason they were called im-
perial coaches. The harness was
ornamented with fringes of red silk
on days of festivity. The imperial
coaches were only distinguished by
having leather traces, while the
ladies in the emperor's suite were
contented with traces made of ropes.
Fifty gilt coaches, having six horses
each, were to be seen, in 1681, at
the court of Ernest Augustus of
Hanover.

Coaches, like all other inven-
tions, have been brought, by de-
grees, to perfection. At present,
such is the ingenuity and taste of
the makers, at least in Britain, that
it is scarcely possible to make any
farther improvements, either in re-
gard to ease, elegance, or magni-
ficence.

SOME ACCOUNT or the MUS BURSARIUS, or CANADA RAT,
With an accurate Delineation.

The drawing whence the an-
nexed cut is taken, was made from
a stuffed specimen, which it faith-
fully represents both in shape and
size. The animal was ten inches
in length, reckoning from the snout
to the insertion of the tail. The
tail was S{ inches long, thinly
furnished with hair, and curling-
like that of a hog. It measured
round the middle of the body
5| inches. Its four cutting teeth
resembled those of the musk rat
and beaver, only the two upper
teeth were proportionably longer.
The pouches were composed of a
naked membrane like a dried blad-
der, and communicated with the
jaws. According to the report of
the Indians, these pouches contain-
ed, when the animal was caught, an
earthy substance; but whether in-
tended for a supply of nourishment,
or merely to keep them distended,
must be left to future observation to
ascertain.

It has been named erroneously
the Canada rat, either because there
is no animal of the species of the
European rat known in Upper Ca-
nada, or because it bears a near re-
semblance to the musk rat.

This animal is evidently of the
•rder gliresy and is said to belong 1

to the genus mico* ; by its pouched
cheeks it appears to be allied to the
hamsters.

It is an inhabitant of the vast
countries to the westward of Lake
Michcgan. The animal which fur-
nished the specimen, was taken
near the banks of the Illinois, and
is even there very rarely found.
The remote tribes of Indians attach
a superstitious value to their pouch-
es, which are made of the skins of
various animals; and which they
regard in the same light as the an-
cients did their penates. It was by
this, that the mus bursarius (so
first named by Doctor Barton of
Philadelphia) was dicovered by our
fur traders.

Of the habits and food of this
curious animal, very little is known.
It is certain, however, that it
burrows in the ground, and it is
probable, that, during the long and
severe winter, in which so many
animals remain torpid, it partakes
of that state, having instinctively
supplied its pouches with food, to
be used when the return of spring
shall have renovated its vigour, but
before vegetation is sufficiently ad-
vanced to afford it subsistence.

E. W.

* This I think very doubtful.

ON THE LOVE OF TITE ARTS, AND ENCOURAGEMENT

TO ARTISTS.

human industry, and despises none.
Observe with your mental eye, an

Nature every where tacitly in-
vites mankind to lend an helping-
hand to her constant and ceaseless
works ; and seems to say to her
children, " I incessantly use my
endeavours to promote your com- \
fort and hapiness, on the express
condition, that you shall exert your j
utmost efforts of industry and ge-
nius to help me, your loving* mo-
ther. You must, in your societies,
kindly assist one another ; look
upon the general good of your re-
spective countries as reverting to
each individual ; cherish even the
humblest attempts at any invention
or improvement from any quarter
whatever, and never listen to self-
ishness and indolence, my mortal
enemies,"

" Few things (says the immortal
Dr. Johnson, in his Prince of
Abyssinia) are impossible to indus-
try and skill. You palace was
built with single stones. He that
shall walk with vigour three hours
a-day, will pass, in seven years, a
space equal to the circumference of
the globe."

The manual works and the men-
tal powers of man should go hand
in hand in society in fostering the
arts of all descriptions, and no one
should be idle or indifferent con-
cerning general prosperity. How-
eager is a savage in acquiring a
knife, a pair of scissars, or even a
nail ; and how indifferent about the
arts are the unthinking and pam-
pered sons of luxury !

Love of the arts in a man indi-
cates and proves a cultivated, li-
beral mind, that sees with interest
every link of the great chain of

emperor, master of the most exten-
sive dominion upon earth, becom-
ing, by choice, a simple carpen-
ter at Sardam, and practising as
well as studying the arts, as much
as possible wherever he went, with
his imperial hand. Behold him,
after a naval campaign, in which
he had served in a subordinate ca-
pacity, to acquire the great art of
navigation, march in the same ca-
pacity, in a triumphal procession
at Moscow, craving of the presi-
dent, his subject, the rank of vice-
admiral ! Peter the First, of glorious
and immortal memory, thou wert
truly Great ! May thy sublime
example fire every breast, and every
where animate the love of the arts,
so closely connected with the love
of one's country.

Agriculture, that primary nurse
of mankind, claims the first atten-
tion in every state, and the neces-
sary assistance of the other sister
arts. Every thing relating to it
ought to be the assiduous care of
enlightened minds as much as pos-
sible. The ancient Romans, im-
pressed with this principle, honour-
ed agriculture; and, descending
from the triumphal car, hastened
to cultivate their native soil with
their victorious hands. The wise
Chinese pay to it the highest ho-
nours, convinced by the experi-
ence of ages, that it is the first
source of comfort and prosperity.

Civil, Daval, and military ar-
chitecture, demands the next atten-
tion ; but how many other arts and
sciences must contribute to its per-

*!9

ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY.

fection! Hence the necessity of ge-
neral encouragement taevetj branch
of human knowledge.

The fine arts have in view the
ornament and elegance of life, and
feed the mind with noble, useful,
and elevated ideas. Painting, sculp-
ture, engraving, and the rest of the
mimic arts, diffuse innumerable
mental blessings, by reviving the
dear memory of departed worth,
of parental and filial affection, of
the great actions of heroes, of what-
ever is worthy of representation, of
the multifarious beauties of ani-
mated and inanimate nature. The
husbandman, after his useful labours,
rejoices to see his house adorned
with the works of the fine arts, aud
the lowest rustic admires their hum-
blest productions, listening with
curiosity and delight to the expla-
nations given him by his neighbour.

Great fame has been acquired in
different countries, and periods of
time, by those who have loved and

protected the arts. Hence the names
of Pericles, Augustus, the Medicis,
Leo X. and many others recorded
in history, will be ever renowned.

Emulation among artists is ne-
cessary as a stimulus to attain per-
fection : envy in them ought to be
regulated by reason, and disarmed
by true merit and excellence ; but
malignity should never find admit-
tance in a liberal mind. The im-
mortal Michel Angelo was modest,
above envy, and his great mind
harboured no malignity. He ad-
mired excellence in other artists,
and assisted the needy with his
purse and good advice. He was
esteemed and beloved in an eminent
degree by the greatest personages
of his time, and deserved the high
eulogy given him by Ariosto :

Michel, piii che mortal, angel divino,
Che 1'arti a rawivar veinie dal Cielo.

L. E,

An admirer of the arts.

January 80, IS09.

ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY.

TO THE EDITOR.

Sir,

The judicious and important
observations of the Economist (in
the third, fourth, and fifth num-
bers of your valuable Repository),
on the waste of agricultural pro-
duce, will, I hope, ere long engage
the attention of the mechanist, and
induce him to lend his aid to invent
and improve machinery, that may
be effectual for the various pur-
poses of agriculture, to which it
may be successfully applied. Your
correspondent promises to give us
some information on that subject.
I wish it may be practical. As,

owing to my ignorance of mechanics,
I have been imposed upon by the
vague effusions of the theorist, I
shall receive his reasoning with
caution, having more than once
suffered for my credulity. I will,
with your permission, describe my
disappointments ; they may be of
service to some of your agricultural
readers, by putting them on their
guard against the delusive preten-
sions of those who, from hedge-car-
penters, have suddenly sprung into
notice as mechanists, entirely in
consequence of the evident great
waste of agricultural produce, ilia

BRITISH SPORTS,

high price of labour, and the inca-
pacity of the farmer, from his edu-
cation and profession, to be a com-
plete judge of mechanics.

I have, for many years, observed
the great waste that animals make
by feeding from the crib, in draw-
ing their hay under their feet: to
prevent which I purchased a chaff-
box, with which I intended to have j
it cut ; but I found that to work it a
man must be employed, who had
learned the art by long practice.
The expence of this I found a heavy
draw-back on my expected profits.
To lessen this expence, I purchased
a chaff-engine, with three knives,
with which I was informed I could
get this work done by any indiffer-
ent person, and, in consequence, at
a much cheaper rate; but was not
long before I found this a mere de-
lusion. The labour required to
work it exceeded the power of
one man; this, together with its
choaking, and the knives getting
off their work, soon rendered it en-
tirely useless. This was my second
disappointment in the attempt to
prevent the waste of agricultural

produce. I have made many en-
quiries on this subject, and find
many of my neighbours in the same
situation : the waste is so obvious
that every man must see it, but the
means of preservation which we
have as yet applied, have been so
inadequate to our expectation, that
we find, by paying a shilling to save
nine-pence, we are only adding to
the loss. I shall therefore wait for
the description promised by the
Economist, before I proceed further
in my plan of preservation ; but it
must be practice alone, fairly de-
scribed, and undeniably certified,
that can induce me again to specu-
late in that line. W your corre-
spondent should give demonstrative
cases, where the means made use
of for preservation have not exceed-
ed, in expence, the value of the ar-
ticle preserved, I shall then com-
municate to you another of my dis-
appointments, in the erection of a
more important machine, tor the
preservation of corn. Till then,
I remain your most humble ser-
vant,

A Farm En.

Plate 1.— BRITISH SPORTS.
(Continued from Vol. I. p. 379.)

THE BLACK GROUSE.

The name of this variety is de-
scriptive of its distinguishing co-
lour, the whole body being black ;
but it has another remarkable cha-
racteristic, which is, that its tail is
forked. The weight of the male is
about four, and that of the female
about two pounds. Their food is
various, but principally consists of

No. VII. Vol. II,

the mountain fruits and berries, and
in winter of the tops of heath. It is
a singular circumstance, that cher-
ries and peas are fatal to these
birds.

They perch and roost in the same
manner as the pheasant. Thejr
never pair, but in the spring the
males repair to their accustomed
resorts on the to^s of heathy moun-
F

INTELLIGENCE, LlTERABY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

tains, where they crow and clap
their wings ; and the females never
fail to assemble round them at this
signal. The hen forms an artless
nest on the ground, and lays six or
eight eggs, of a dull, yellowish
white, marked with numerous very
small ferruginous specks, and to-
wards the small end with some
blotches of the same. These are
hatched very late in the sammer.
The young males quit their parent
in the beginning of winter, and
keep together in parties, of seven or
eight, till the spring.

These birds will live and thrive
in menageries, but they have not
been known to breed in a state of
confinement. In Sweden, however,
a spurious progeny has sometimes
been produced with the domestic
hen.

In Russia, Norway, and other
northern regions, the black grouse
are said to retire under the snow
during winter. The manner of
shooting them in Russia is as fol-
lows :— Huts, full of loopholes,
are built in woods frequented by
these birds. On the trees, within
shot of the huts, are placed arti-
ficial decoy birds. As the grouse
assemble, the sportsmen in the hut
fire through the openings, and so
long as they remain concealed, the
report of the gun does not frighten
the birds away. Several of them

may, therefore, be killed from the
same tree, when three or four hap-
pen to be perched on branches one
above another. The sportsman has
only to shoot the lowest bird first,
proceeding upward to the others
in succession. The uppermost is
earnestly employed in looking down
after his fallen companions, and
keeps chattering to them till he be-
comes the next victim.

The inhabitants of Siberia take
these birds, in winter, in the fol-
lowing manner : — A number of
poles are laid horizontally on forked
sticks, in the open birch forests.
On these small bundles of corn are
tied by way of allurement ; and at
a little distance some tall baskets of
a conical shape, are placed with the
broad part uppermost. Just within
the mouth of each basket is placed
a small wheel, through which passes
an axis so nicely fixed as to admit
it to play very readily, and on the
least touch, either on one side or on
the other, to drop down and again
recover its situation. The black
grouse are soon attracted by the
corn on the horizontal poles. The
first comers alight upon them, and
after a short repast, fly to the baskets,
and attempt to settle on their tops ;
when the wheel drops sideways, and
they fall headlong into the trap.
These baskets are sometimes found
half full of birds thus caught.

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, Sec.

Thomas Vaughan, Esq. has in
the press, a third volume of the
work entitled Fashionable Follies,
the two first volumes of which were
published by him in 1781. It will

design by Loutherbourg, and en*
graved by one of the first artists.

A lady, not unknown either in
the fashionable or literary world, is
about to publish a novel, to be cu-

be embellished with a rich humorous [| titled5 The Husband and the Lover.

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

In a few weeks will be published,
in four volumes, The Assassin of
Glenroy, or The Axis of Life,
a novel, by the author of Sir Owen
Glendowr ; a collection of tales
which appeared some months since,
containing characteristics of Wales.

Mr. Roche, of Sudbury, has
nearly ready for the press, a novel,
in two volumes, entitled, Alfred^
or The Victim of Perfidy.

The series of Engravings from
emblematic designs by Mr. Thurs-
ton, and illustrations by the Rev.
Mr. Thomas, will appear in the
course of the ensuing month.

Mr. Pratt is preparing for the
press, some specimens of Poetry,
by Joseph Blackett, a youth of ex-
traordinary poetical promise, who
has just started up from an undis-
tinguished situation by no means
favourable to mental exertion. A
singular accident brought some of
his productions under the inspec-
tion of several eminent literary cha-
racters, who have been unanimous
in pronouncing him one of the most
highly-gifted individuals that has
for many years claimed the notice
of the public. The strength of his
o-enius is said to be dramatic, a spe-
cies of composition for which, it
must be allowed, there is, in the
present state of the stage, a full and
fair opportunity for the exertion of
a natural and original genius.

Mr. Brightley, of Bungay, in
Suffolk, is about to publish a full
account of the Art and Mystery of
Stereotype Printing, so that it
may be practised without farther
difficulty to every printer who may
find it adapted to the nature of his
business. Mr. Brightley, it is well
known, has greatly simplified the
process, and has practised this art,
for several years, with great success.

Mr. Francis Baily, whose Trea-
tise on the Doctrine of Interest and
Annuities we have noticed with de-
served commendation, has in the
press a continuation of that work,
which will comprise the whole doc-
trine of Life Annuities and Assur-
ances. The author proposes to
exhibit a more complete analysis of
this science than has ever yet been
given : he has deduced a more cor-
rect set of formulae, as well as more
simple and easy rules for the solu-
tion of the various problems con*
nected with this subject. An ac-
count of the several Insurance Com-
panies now existing, with remarks
on their comparative advantages,
&c. will likewise appear in the
course of the work.

Miss Starke will shortly publish
a small volume of Translations from
the Italian poet, Carlo Maria Maggi.
Dr. Burney is engaged on a sys-
tem of Nautical Education, intend-
ed principally for young officers
entering the navy.

Dr. Ireland will speedily publish
A Comparison between Paganism
and Christianity, in a course of lec-
tures to the king's scholars of West-
minster, in the years 180G-7-8.

Mr. James Norris Brewer will, in
a few days, publish the first num-
ber of Descriptions, Historical and
Architectural, of splendid Palaces
and celebrated Buildings, English
and Foreign, with biographical no-
tices of their founders and olher emi-
nent persons. This work, printed in
quarto, will be comprised in six
monthly parts, and embellished
with highly-finished engravings, by
Storer, Porter, and other eminent
artists. Proofs of all the plates are
already in the hands of the pub-
lisher.
[ It is, we hear, Mr. Webb's in-
F 2

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY", SCIENTIFIC, &C.

tent ion to publish a large selection
of his best Glees, &c. from his nine
books (all of which are now quite
out of print), with others that have
never been published, in three vo-
lumes, the first of which will ap-
pear as soon as the subscribers
amount to one hundred and fifty.

We are highly gratified in being
enabled to submit to our readers the
following pari iculars, which, in the
present difficulty of communication
•with the Continent, will, we doubt
not, prove generally acceptable : —

A German translation of Sir John
Sinclair's Code of Health and Lon-
gevity has been published by Pro-
fessor Curt Sprcngel.

Lieutenant v Colonel Baron von
Gross, formerly in the service of
Holland, and who, in 1795, de-
fended the fortress of Grave against
the French with the greatest dis-
tinction, has recently published, in
German, A Manual of the Military
History of the Interval between
the years 1792 and 1808, in one
volume octavo. This work com pre-
bends a general survey of the military
events that have occurred from the
commencement of the French revo-
lution to the conquest of Finland by
the Russians. It is accompanied
■with a folio atlas, containing nine-
teen neatly engraved maps and plans.

Dr. Ciir. Aug. Fischer,' professor
of humanity at Wurzburg, is en-
gaged in compiling materials for a
J/islory of the Civil Commotions
and War in Spain and Portugal,
in the years 1808 and 1809, from
Spanish, Portuguese, French, and
[English documents, systematically
arranged, accompanied with illus-
trative remarks, and a variety of
authentic manuscript information.
The two first volumes of this work

will contain, besides other embel-
lishments, portraits of Charles IV.
the Prince of Asturias, Joseph Bo-
naparte, Don Pedro Cevallos, the
Spanish Generals Castanos, Roma-
ua, and Morla, the French Gene-
rals Dupout, Bessieres, Moncey,
and Soult, the English Generals
\V( Heslcy and Moore, a map of
Spain and Portugal, and various
interesting plans.

Colonel von Massenbach, lately
in the Prussian service, has recently
published the following interesting
works: — A . Historical Memorabilia
relative to the Decline of the Prus*
sian Monarchy since the year 1794,
together with his Journal of the
Campaign in 1806, in two volumes
octavo, with four maps and plans.
2. Memoirs of the Author s Rela-
tions with the Prussian Stale, and
particularly with the Duke of
Brunswick, since the year 1783, in
three volumes octavo, with twenty
maps and plans. — 3. Recollections
of Great Men, in one volume 8vo.
to be continued. — 4. The State of
the World and of Europe, since
the Death of Frederic the Great, a
fragment, 8vo. — 5. Conversations
with Frederic the Great, &?c.

The following dramatic pieces
have, within the last year, made
their appearance at Leipsig : —

Count Basil, a tragedy, in five
acts.

The Trial, a comedy, in five acts.

The Second Marriage, a comedy,
in five acts.

The Choice, a comedy, in five
acts.

Elhwald, or The Consequences
of Ambition, a tragedy.

De Mont fort, or The Conse-
quences of Hatred, a tragedy, in
five acts,

INTELLIGExVCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

The Memoirs of a Traveller at

rest, by t he He v. Mr- Dutens, have

been translated into the German

u ige, in two vols. 8vo. by J.

F. von Meyer.

Baggesen, the Danish poet, has
produced two new works : one of
tfe se is entitled Wild Flowers, with
specimens of the Oceania ; and the
ol'ier, Parlhenais, or The Tour of
the Alps, a pastoral, in 12 cantos.

M. V'illers, who obtained so
much credit on the Continent for
his History of the Reformation of
Luther, has published a Letter to
(he Countess Fanny de JBeauhar-
nois, on the events which occurred
at Lubeck on the Oth November,
1S0G.

Mr. Zoega, a learned Dane, who
lias resided many years at Home, is
giving a description of all the basso-
relievos existing in that ancient ca-
pital of the world and its environs,
capable of illustrating the history of
the art and the science of antiqui-
ties. It will appear in numbers of
six plates each, engraved by Pi-
roli. The text will be in the Ita-
lian language.

Counsellor Koehler,'of Moscow, is
busily em ployed in cleansing the old
coins he is eoni inually receiving from
the Crimea. lie is publishing a col-
lection of more than 600 of kings or
cities, all belonging to Grecian co-
lonies or kingdoms that extended
along the northern and western
coasts of the Black Sea.

Mr. Creve, of Wisbaden, has
discovered a method of recovering
v, iMC that has turned sour : to effect
tliis, he employs powdered char-
coal. For this discovery, the inha-
bitants of the banks of the Rhine
have rewarded him with a medal.

Weitsch, painter to the court of
Berlin, has finished a striking like-

ness of Von Humboldt, botanizing.
The traveller is placed in the midst
of an American landscape, and sur-
rounded by the instruments he was
accustomed to employ. It is en-
graving bv Freddhof.

Two new societies have lately
been formed at Copenhagen, with
the approbation of the government';
one for promoting the veterinary
art, and the other for extending the
knowledge of Danish antiquities.

A new and improved edition of
Midler's German and Danish dic-
tionary is publishing in octavo.
The first volume, containing tifty
sheets, goes no farther than the
letter E.

Mr. Urban Joergensen has pre-
sented to the Copenhagen Society
of Rural Economy, a thermometer,
of his invention, made of metal,
and in the shape of a watch : the
scale is on a circle on the dial-plate,
and graduated to SO. of heat, and
40. of cold. The temperature is
[jointed out by a hand moving on a
pin in the center.

A catalogue of the Sanskreet ma-
nuscripts in the imperial library,
with an account of the contents of
most of them, by Mr. Alexander
| Hamilton, member of the Asiatic
Society at Calcutta, &c. and L.
Langies, member of the trench In-
' stitute, keeper of the oriental MSS.
i of the imperial library, Sec. has
been published in Paris.

A complete translation of the
works of Beaumont and Fletcher
into German, is publishing at Bei-
Lin.

The letters and negociations of
Mr. Lawrence Peter van der Spie-
gel, grand-pensioner of Holland,
during the late war between the
United Provinces and the French
Republic, published at Amsterdam

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

in three vols. 8vo. no doubt con-
tains some important documents, if
no interpolations or omissions have
been made.

Mr. Ljung, a Swedish naturalist,
has discovered a new species of
mouse, which lie has named forcx
cauic.ulalus. It is the smallest ani-
mal known of the mammiferous
class, weighing' only about thirty
grains.

Mr. Lacepede has lately given a
minute description of an oviparous
quadruped, not hitherto noticed by
any naturalist, but preserved in the
Museum of Natural History. He
classes it in the genus proieus, or that
of salamander ; distinguishing it by
the name tetradactylus, from the
number of its toes, which are four.

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

A Viezo of the Gold and Silver Coins
of all Nations, exhibited in above
four hundred Copper-plate En-
gravings, correctly executed by
an eminent Artist ; to which is
added, in a regular Index, the
Name, Assay, Height, and Va-
lue of each ; also Sir Isaac New-
ton's Tables of Foreign Gold and
Silver Coins, made in the year
1700, by Order of the Privy
Council. By J. Ede, goldsmith.
Richardson, Gornhill. 10s. 6d.
This is really an elegant, useful,
and entertaining little work, and,
considering the number of engrav-
ings, as well as the labour which
the multiplicity of assays and cal-
culations must have rendered neces-
sary, its price appears to us highly
reasonable. To each coin three
columns are assigned ; one stating
its assay, another the gross weight,
and a third shewing its value in
sterling money ; u calculated at the

standard prices of 5s. 2d. per ounce
of silver, and <£3 17s. 10jd. per
ounce of gold;" thus exhibiting
the figure and relative value of rath
coin. None of the trials we have
made of the calculations, enable us
to impeach their correctness : the
assays here and there boar a slight
variation from those of Kruse, 67-
raudeau, and other authors ; but as
Mr. E. assures us, that he has him-
self been at the pains of assaying
each coin by double assay, we
would rather abide by his experi-
ments than lend our taith to other,
perhaps speculative, statement.

The utility of this publication to
merchants, bankers, brokers, and
goldsmiths, is too evident to require
any arguments on our part. But,
independent of those, we conceive
that such a work must prove essen-
tially useful in the army and navy,
to paymasters and commissaries
serving abroad, where, we know
from experience, much loss and
imposition is often submitted to,
through ignorance of the relative v
value of the coins received in ex-
change for bills on England. To
persons not immediately belonging
to any of the above professions, this
little volume may, if not absolutely
necessary, still be highly entertain-
ing, as affording graphical means
of forming more correct ideas on
the subject of monies and coins than
mere words, unaccompanied by en-
gravings, are able to give. It is a
species of numismatic cabinet in the
power of every one to procure.

At the close of the volume, the
author gives several useful tables
relating to his subject, as also short,
but perspicuous, directions for the
assaying and standarding of gold
and silver coins.

MUSICAL REVIEW.

Nubilia in Search of a Husband ,-
including Sketches of Modern
Society, and interspersed zeilh
Moral and Literary Disquisi-
tions, crown 8vo.
This work, suggested by Mrs.
Hannah More's celebrated pro-
duction, Ccelebs in Search of a
Wife, we are told by the author has
no title to the name of a novel. Its
incidents are few, and its characters
fewer. The object aimed at was to
produce a volume which might con-
tain sentiments, language, and de-
scriptions, worthy of being read.
To effect this it was thpught that
they might be more popular, by
being connected in some degree
with a narrative. But the narrative
is a subordinate object, and is to
be considered merely as a vehicle
for the conveyance of opinions on
morals, society, and literature.
We sincerely congratulate the wri-
ter on the attainment of the object
proposed ; and have no hesitation
in recommending this volume to the
perusal of all classes of readers, but
of parents in particular, to whose
serious consideration the many
sound practical observations which
it contains, on subjects connected
with the parental duties, and espe-
cially on education, are richly en-
titled.

We are informed in the preface,
that this work (though containing
upwards of 450 pages) was com-
menced on the 10th of May, 1809,
and finished on the 3d of June
following. We are willing to ad-
mit this dispatch as an apology, but
by no means as an excuse, for many
trifling defects, which we are confi-
dent the author mi^ht, by bestow-
ing a Utile more time and attention,
have avoided.

Sir Owen Glendowr and other Tales.

By Anthony Frederick Holstein.

3 vols. 12mo.

These tales, which, we under-
stand, are the first fruits of the au-
thor's talents, seem to afford consi-
I dcrable promise of future excellence
in this line of composition. The
tales, six in number, are entitled,
Sir Owen Glendowr, the Stranger,
Egbert, Jessy, Ellen, and the Or-
phan Heiress. We are confident
that they will be read with pleasure,
even by those who are not exclu-
sively attached to works of fiction;
and doubt not that the encouraging
voice of public approbation, will
stimulate the writer to still higher
exertions.

MUSICAL REVIEW.

The Overture and most admired
Songs and Duels in the last new
Opera of the Circassian Bribe,
as performed at the late Theatre
Royal, Drury-lane, composed
and arranged for the Piano*
Forte or Harp. By H. R.
Bishop. Price 8s.
The fate of this opera is fresh ii>
the recollection of our readers. It
was performed but. once, when the
music met with the greatest ap-
plause. On the day after, it was
consumed in the fire of Drury-lane
theatre. The present extract there-
fore, as Mr. B. asserts in the pre-
fatory address, is solely revived
from recollection. It certainly is
to be regretted that the author
should not have kept possession of
even his rough score. — Were we
prone to superstition, we almost
mi^ht be inclined to think the com-
plexion of the catastrophe ominous.
It is as if the goddess of dulness,
solicited by her votaries, the se-

MUSICAL REVIEW.

lectors, adapter ;t, and imitators of
music, had, in her indignation at
the audacious attempt of the un-
daunted youth to intrude originality
within the spreading limits of her
empire, devoted both the work and
the house itself to the fury of the
flames. We trust, however, this
severe sentence will not discourage
the promising pen of her victim.
We had before this seen favourable
specimens of Mr. B.'s talents. Some
of his ballets rank high in drama-
tic music. Here, however, he took
a more soaring flight, and our
thanks, as well as encouragements,
are due to his efforts to rescue the
English opera from the reproach of
plagiarism. How he has, in our
opinion, succeeded in this praise-
worthy undertaking, our readers
shall presently be informed ; al-
though, since we unfortunately
were not present at its only public
performance, it will not be in our
power todo full justice to the merits
or demerits of this work : our cri-
ticism must content itself with the
piano-forte extract. I>y such an
imperfect model to judge of an
opera, is no less difficult than to
give an opinion of the beauty of a
statue from its drawing. Vet,
since the extract proceeds from the
composer's own hands, who may be
supposed to have infused into it as
much of the spirit of the original
as was practicable, wc shall ven-
ture on the task, and as we wish to
encourage this laudable effort of
genius, we hope to be excused if
wc transgress a little the limits of
our department.

The overture consists of four
movements ; an adagio, allegro,
andantino, and rondo. Of the first
(the adagio) we feel some hesitation

to point out any particular passage,
lest the others might bethought in-
ferior. The whole, short as it is,
appears to us a perfect masterpiece
of dramatic introduction, replete
with strokes of original genius and
harmonic science. The chords of
C major (/. 1) and D major (/. 2)
burst out of the minor mode with a
wild, but strikingly sublime effect.
Not less beautiful is the whole of
the third line. Its fleeting transi-
tions from the key of E flat into
five sharps, and the succeeding
modulation (/. 4) from the latter into
the original key (/. 5), evince the
great master: every single bar adds
to the pleasing surprise at the bold-
ness of the composer, whose tragic
strains in this adagio elevate him to
the rank of aGliick or a Mozart. In
a full band, well assisted by wind
instruments, its effect on the audi-
ence is perfectly within the reach
of our imagination.

The allegro likewise is commend-
able. The modulations in C minor,
&c. p. 2, are skilfully worked, and
the solution into F minor (p. 3, /. 5,
bar 3,) out of the common track.
The sudden introduction of the
march in 15 b, and afterwards in E
b, is very happy. Its effect is
strikingly dramatic.

On the andantino grazicso and
the succeeding rondo, we have
something to say. The former is
evidently introduced to bring into
notice a little solo playing of some
performer on the oboe or clarinet,
and no doubt would be listened to
in profound silence by the gallery,
the cadence thought delightfully
sweet, and the sueklen appearance
of the skipping rondo hailed with
a thunder of applause of hands and
even of stici-s. But we profess a

MUSICAL REVIEW,

better opinion of Mr. B.'s talents
than to allow their subserviency to
the taste of the vulgar. His know-
ledge of dramatic effect, excelled
by no living English composer, will
pf itself suggest to him the awkward-
ness of an opera overture consisting of
four distinct movements interlarded
with solos for different instruments.
The aim of the overture is to
prepare, to wind up the feelings of
the audience for the subject of the
drama itself. To that object every
effort of the composer ought to be
directed, and nothing introduced
which is foreign to the purpose, or
which might destroy the impression
to be excited. On this ground we
deem the multiplicity of movements,
and the solos, in Mr. B.'s overture,
objectionable ; and for this our opi-
nion we could adduce the authori-
ties of Mozart, Winter, and other
dramatic composers of established
excellence. Mr. B.'s candour, we
trust, will excuse this observation,
proceeding from the best of motives.
To return to the andantino and
rondo: we have only to add, that
the former contains no novel ideas ;
the rondo is sprightly, its change
into minor neat and appropriate,
and its conclusion striking and bril-
liant.

To proceed to the oper.i itself.

No. 1. " The linnet in the haw-
thorn bushj'' sung by Mrs. Moun-
tain, is distinguished by its elegant
simplicity. The symphony, exhibit-
ing the subject of the song, is neat,
and among the passages which we
were most pleased with is p. 10, /. 1
and 4 ; the former for its respon-
ses in the accompaniment, the lat-
ter (bars 1 anil 2) for the neat tran-
sition from B b, into F j but the re-

No. VII. Vol. II.

petition of the passage might have
been exhibited undera varied form.

No. 2. " Exert/ bullet has its
billet" sung by Mr. G. Smith.
The roughness of the music, the
ascending and descending unisons,
are characteristic of the sailor who
sings ; the change to the allied key
at " all must die" 6,'c. so frequent
in Italian composition, has always
a good effect. We are less pleased
with the turn in F minor for " or-
dains it so." It smells of the
church.

No. 3. u Why should man at
fate repining," sung by Mrs. Moun-
tain and Mr. Bannister. A pretty
little duet, well accompanied by
h arpeggios. We are sorry to find
the words " lira, lira," S,r\ sung
by both voices in unison; it would
have been easy to give sixths to
the other, or to have let it descend
while the treble ascends. The rest
at " zc /lining" is too much in the
manner of the old school.

No. 4. " Helena," sung by Mrs.
Bland (with an accompaniment for
a violoncello). This air is rather in
a plaintive mode ; and the legate
notes in the accompaniments appear
to us better adapted to produce an
impression of melancholy than the
C major; the turns in A and D
(p. 18) minor are rather common,
and the frequent use of the rests or
holds have by no means the good
effect which the author, from his
partiality to them, seems to expect.
If we are less pleased with this piece
than with others, it may be owing
to the absence of the violoncello
part at our trial.

No. 5. " Simon Supple," sung by
Mr. Mathews. We pity Mr. Bishop
for having been under the necessity

MUSICAL IIEV1EV.

of finding notes for such Grub-street
poetry. It is one of the miseries
of the composer. The music re-
minds us of the Sans-Souci per-
formances. We entertain no doubt
but it was encored. However, the
sooner we leave it the better.

No. 6. " J love thee" duetto,
sung by Miss Lyon and Mr. Bra-
ham. The style of this duet is
simply affecting ; a chaste cantile-
na prevails throughout, and great
praise is due to the fine accompani-
ment at the transition from A b (p.
23, /. 2,) into Eb (p. 24, /. 1.)
The expression for the words u fal-
tering tongue" is likewise judicious,
and the two voices join in a pleasing
melody p. 26.

No. 7. " The lover's story"
sung by Mr. Braham. No less re-
spectable in point of melody than
the former, and well calculated for
a full display of Mr. Braham's vo-
cal powers. The accompaniment
might have been set more varied
and independent of the voice. The
combined ascent of the voice and
descent of the treble at " Fate
which made their thunders pass"
(p. 28, /. 3.) has a good effect ;
but we do not see in those words
any call for the demisemiquavered
B's in the bass ; the tremulous
noise they occasion is too similar to
4he whirling of a drum. The
change of time from largho into al-
legro moderato, towards the conclu-
sion, produces an appropriate con-
trast.

No. 8. (i Illusive hope," aquin-
tetto, sung by Mrs. Mountain,
Miss Lyon, Mr. J. Smith, Mr.
Braham, and Mr. G. Smith. In
giving our opinion on the merits of
this piece, we are bound to own that
•?/« had not an opportunity of hear-

ing it in all its p&rts ; our judg-
ment, therefore, proceeds from the
score. All the harmony which the
plainness of the subject was suscepti-
ble of, appears to have been bestowed
upon it. The glee is melodious,
without any striking or scientific
feature. Any thing more studied
would perhaps have been less cal-
culated for the powers of some of
the performers. The subject of the
quick movement is not new. The
whole, however, easy and melodi-
ous as it is, will find abundance of
admirers.

No. 9. " Sweet maid" sung by
Mrs. Bland (with an accompani-
ment for tin; harp). There is a pe-
culiar artless naivete in the compo-
sition of this, andantino, and the
music is most happily adapted to
the text. The two last bars p. 35
have slipt in from " nel cor non piu
mi sen to." We are pleased with the
turn in C at the words " What has
he for whom you sigh" but regret
their swerving immediately into a
minor key. The author is too par-
tial to that kind of modulation. The
harpeggio accompaniments are well
suited to the character of the harp.
No. 10. " Welcome despair"
duetto, sung by Mr. Braham and
Miss Lyon.

" Bravo il maestro /" — Here
the author has surpassed him-
self. This duet is by far the best
piece in the whole opera, and per-
haps the best English specimen of
dramatic composition we have met
with for some time. The fire of
genius, depth of science, and origi-
nality of ideas, are every where
conspicuous. No key could better
express the nature of the poetry
than that of F minor ; and the sym-
phony is emiuently characteristic

MUSICAL REVIEW.

and clever. The second harp. 39,
last line, might have been varied
from the first. The effect at the
"words " around my beating heart,''''
pp. 40 and 41, is charming ; the
modulation introduced, excellent;
and the turn of the words " nor
spare thy venom' d sting," p. 41 , in-
to A b, pathetic. We equally ad-
mire the manner in which that pas-
sage is ultimately wound up in C
major by means of the last bar /. 3,
and 1st bar /. 4. The sudden tran-
sition into the chord of G major
(p. 42, /. 1, bar 3,) is also novel,
and the conclusion of the piece in
F major claims the merit of bold
originality. In short, the whole of
this beautiful duet is replete with
the happiest ideas. It breathes,
like the words, or even more so,
deep sorrow and w ild despair.

Having thus briefly stated our
opinion on every individual piece
in this opera, we beg to be allowed
some general remarks on the pre-
sent work, which we trust both our
readers and Mr. B. will take in good
part. In the accompaniments the
author appears to adhere too close-
ly to the voice ; they are too mark-
ed, they want volubility and inde-
pendent passages ; the voice ought
every now and then to be relieved
by expletory flights of the instru-
ments, which is not frequently the
case in the opera before us. PJr.
B. will also, perhaps, in future pro-
ductions of his, find the inexpedien-
cy of falling into minors, and of
making use of pauses for the voice
so frequently as he has done in this.
He will likewise permit us to sug-
gest the propriety of varying his
repetitory passages, which we often
find literally reiterated in the Cir-
cassian Bride, His duett, suffer by

a want of responses, and of occa-
sional independent melody in both
voices ; a little more art and ma-
nagement would improve their beau-
ty. All these, however, we consi-
der in the light of minor defects,
greatly outweighed by other pcr-
f ctions. The author is fertile in
thoughts ; often, as we have shewn,
eminently scientific ; and his songs
possess much variety of character.
Upon the whole, we deem it, there-
fore, our duty to congratulate, nay,
to thank him, for this promising
specimen of his abilities as a dra-
matic composer ; and we are much
mistaken, if, after some further ex-
perience in this department, he do
not arrive at first-rate eminence in
the composition of opera music.
Six (?) Quartetts for two Violins,
Tenor andV ioloncello , composed,
and most humbly dedicated Lo his
Royal Highness the Prince of
Wales, by J. Woelfl. Op. 51,
price 10s. 6d.

Three only of the six quartetts,
announced on the title-page, are as
yet in print ; and although these
have been published some weeks
back, we purposely deferred our
notice of them, until we had an op-
portunity of heating them played
by performers that were able to do
justice to the works of so celebrated
an author: and when we inform
our readers, that among the gentle-
men who were kind enough to gra-
tify this wish of ours, were t he
names of Venua and Griesbach,
who alternately took the first violin,
we think they will agree with us,
that nothing was lost by this delay,
cither on our part or that of Mr. W.
In this species of composition,
an author has, perhaps, the wid-
est field open to him, both for a
G2

MUSICAL REVIEYT.

dispta}- of harmonic science, and
for the irregular flights of musical
pen i us ; and in either respect we
feel pleasure in declaring Mr. W.
has fully answered our sanguine
expectations. His quartetts are
certainly the best violin quartetts
written in this country. Their style
approaches so nearly to that of Mo-
zart's beautiful qyarietts, that, had
we not known the author, we should
have conceived we heard Mozart's
strains in very many of the ideas,
modulations, and accompaniments.

We lament infinitely that the li-
mits of the Repository preclude us
from giving to our readers such an
analysis of the present work, as its
importance appears to us to claim.
The following brief notice, however,
of some of its most striking features,
wc think it our duty to enter into.

The first quartetf, our favourite,
is distinguished for its spirited alle-
gro in C major. A fine and origi-
nal transition into G occurs in the
4th and 5(h lines (p. 1. 1st violin) ;
but the idea in /. 8. is borrowed
from Mozart's quartetts. As to the
second part, much science is dis-
played in a series of chromatic and
responsive modulations. The sub-
ject of the minuet is spirited, and
its trio original above all things.
It is followed by an andante in G
with variations, the theme of which
is conspicuous for its melodious
simplicity. In the presto Mr. W.
has given full scope to his fertile
genius : the various parts into which
it is divided, and particularly the
minor, betray the experienced com-
poser.

In the allegro of the 2d quartett
(which is of a more serious cast), in
K b we were particularly pleased
v/i\h adolcc (1. 3}4,&c.p.7), which

occurs again in the 2d part. The
accompaniments also appeared to
us peculiarly skilfully arranged in
this movement, as well as in the
succeeding " andante romance "
which has a very fine and novel
transition into G. Its conclusion
also is full of taste, and immediately
followed by the minuet of a good
subject, and a most singular, highly
original coda. In the presto we
have not met with any thing which
appeared to call for our particulai
notice.

Although the third quartett is
eminently chromatic, and replete
with many very scientific modula-
tions, yet we think it inferior to its
predecessors in point of connected
melody and accompaniment. It
borders on Beethoven's eccentric
style. The key of the allegro is E
minor, yet almost all other keys
have had admission, and half notes
of every kind add to the chromatic
effect. The same originality cha-
racterises the minuet , as the pre-
ceding ones. The B, sustained by
the 2d violin, produces a very
striking effect. A very intricate
adagio in C succeeds the former.
Of several fine ideas in this mover
ment, we will content ourselves to
notice a capital transition into E b,
(p. 15, /. 5.) The presto is not
less complicated ; its style is that of
a Fuge, and requires experienced
performers to execute it. Much
labour and science appear to have
been bestowed upon it. Move-
ments of that kind afford more plea-
sure to the head than the ear.

To wind up our desultory cri-
tique on this wprk, we are bound
to applaud the efforts of its celebra-
ted author, in so novel a line. In
our opinion, Mr. W. has well sue-

MUSICAL REVIEW.

eeeded. Great liarmonic know-
ledge, and much skill and manage-
ment, have been displayed in the ac-
companiments, which are well work-
ed and melted into each other. The
character of every instrument is
happily maintained. The violin,
above all, breathes pure violin pass-
ages, and the labour of the tout-en-
semble is mutually shared by the
different parts. Perhaps, as we have
already hinted, there is a little too
much of Mozait in the performance;
although even Mr. W.'s talents
will probably not take offence at an
observation which compares his
jdeas with those of the first musical
genius that, ever existed.
Sonata for the Piano-Forte, with
nn Accompaniment for the Vio-
lin, ad libitum, composed, and
dedicated, icith permission, to her
Royal Highness the Princess
Charlotte of Wales, by Mrs.
Miles, Instructress in Music tq her
Royal Highness. Price 5s.
This is so elegant a specimen of
the fair author's talents as a com-
poser, that if, which we doubt not
to be the case, the other depart-
ments of her Royal [f ighness's edu-
cation are entrusted to equally able
hands, the highly-promising men-
tal qualifications of the august pu-
pil, cannot but ensure to the heart
of every Englishman the most cheer-
ing prospects into futurity.

In the Sonata before us, an easy
.flow of harmony prevails through-
out, and here and there some scien-
tific passages operate as a relief to
the former. The subject of the al-
legro is spirited, a neat and melo-
dious dolce introduces itself very
naturally (p. 5), and the conclu-
sion (p. 7), with the responses be-
tween the bass and treble, if pecu-

liarly happy. Some good modula-
tions occur in the second part, and
a fine solution into G takes place in
the latter part of p. 9. The dolee
passage, as well as the conclusion
of the first part, is ably repeated in
the second, through their allied key.

The adagio is less pleasing to our
taste: the subject, "by Purcell,"
is antiquated : we are sure Mrs. M.
could have given us a better one of
her own. It may be that our zeal in
the cause of musical originality i?
carried too far. On the modulation,
however, at the close of page 17,
we are bound to congratulate the
author : it is beautifully chromatic
and well managed. No less praise-
worthy, on the same score, are the
three last lines, ^-xgo 17.

The waltz, which is the basis of
the last movement, distinguishes it-
self by an elegant simplicity, al-
though the subject is not new to us.
But the variety of ideas, the skil-
ful transitions and solutions which
(he tasteful fertility of Mrs. M.'s
genius has elicited from that subject
in pp. 21, 23, 25, &c. deserve our
most unqualified commendation; so
does the termination p. 29, which
is well wound up from the theme
itself.

The violin part, in the first move-
ment in particular, is too blank ; it
appears to us almost like "the fifth
wheel to a waggon :" nor can we
conceive why that instrument is ex-
cluded from the adagio, where it ap-
pears to us most at home, and where
Mozart, Pleyel, and other great
piano-forte writers, have employed
its lengthened notes to such advan-
tage.

Erratum. — No. VI. p. 3f}], cn\. j, 1.25,
far "C6," read " C minor.'"

FASHIONS FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.

PLATE 4. OPERA DRESS.

A round convent robe of Egyp-
tian brown tissue, worn over a
white satin under-dress, ornament-
ed at the feci, and round the bosom
and sleeves, with a broad antique
lace, put on rather full, and brought
to the narrowest dimensions in front
ofthe bosom. Whitesatin appliqued
stomacher, embellished with gold
lattice-work, and continued in a
straight line down the front of the
robe to the feet. Head-dress, a gold
net caul, inclosing the hair behind,
and finished in front witli a Mech-
lin veil of uncommon delicacy,
disposed in graceful negligence, so
as to display the hair on the fore-
head, and falling over the left
shoulder. Necklace and armlets
composed of a single row of fine
Bohemian pearl, with topaz or dia-
mond snaps. A Grecian scarf of
rich Andalusian silk, happily con-
trasted with the colour of the robe,
and wrought at the ends in a deep
Tuscan border of gold or coloured
silks. While satin slippers, trim-
med with brown foil or gold . Gloves
of French kid. Opera fan of white
crape, decorated with a border of
jessamine.

PLATE 5. PROMENADE DRESS.

Around high frock of fine French
cambric, or the most delicate plain
muslin, trimmed at the feet, wrists,
and throat, with a fine Vandyke
lace ; the bosom formed in alternate
^tripes of footing lace and needle-
work. A Tyrolese cloak, of shaded
lilac sarsnet, edged with Venetian
binding, and terminated with a
trimming of broad white lace, put
on full. A double frill of the same
round the throat, clasped in front

with silver or cut steel. The hair
dressed compact, in the Grecian
style. A veil d la Maltese, of the
most transparent texture, edged in
rich Vandykes, is thrown with sim-
ple elegance over the whole, soft-
ening the countenance which it
partially displays. Sometimes the
head is covered with a small French
cap of silk, the same as the cloak,
or of a Avell-contrasted colour. Pa-
rasol to correspond with the cloak,
with deep white Chinese awning.
Slippers of the same, or of lemon-
coloured kid. Gloves, Limerick or
York tan.

FASHIONS FOR GENTLEMEN.

Full Dress.

The most fashionable colours for
coats are olive green, dark blue,^tnd
black, with covered buttons, long
waists, broad at the bottom and short
in the skirts, double breasted, with
pointed lappels, corresponding in
length with the hip buttons. The col-
lar is worn high behind, and to come
down low in front. Sleeves long,
with round cuffs, and pockets under
the cross flaps. White marcella
waistcoat, and light-coloured single
cassimere breeches, worn long.
Morning or Walking Dress.

Mixed, bottle-green, Vandyke
brown, and Spanish blue are the
most prevailing colours for morning
coats. They are made in every
respect the same as the dress coats,
except that they have gilt basket
buttons, sleeves with slits and three
buttons, and pockets in the plaits of
the skirts. Waistcoat, shawl pat-
tern and various striped marcellas ;
lijjht-coloured double-milled cassi-
mere pantaloons and half-boots, or
nankeen trowsers and gaiters*

/ Vol, 2

OPERA JD R K S S .

i ; /,-,;. REPOSJTOBXofJBTS SifJiii. JhfyJSOfiatiOl.StnzmL LOUDON ',

Ehh,S Vol. 2.

P EB DJMEE Ni B F. JO «. "JE S S

Mlof&CKEKJI&im'S SEP0S2T0S1 of. Ik TSWftlh ,Jk$ ItOff ,// fi/.S/,,,,,,/ LO. WO. V

FASHIONS FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.

We must not omit noticing in this
place an ingenious article just in-
vented, called Key's* travelling
waistcoat, which by folding answers
the purpose of two waistcoats. It
may be made either single or double-
breasted, and of any article.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

My fair readers will have per-
ceived that the rules laid down last
month, for the regulation of the co-
lours of dress, were founded on
the principles of harmony : that
these principles are deducible from
nature, it will be now my business
to demonstrate.

Passing by the vegetable and ani-
mal world, the harmonies of which
would be a subject for a distinct es-
say t, I shall confine myself to the
human character, and will endea-
vour to prove that nature has given,
to each distinction of female beauty,
the elements of the colours of which
their dress, and the other decora-
tions of their persons, ought to be
composed.

The two grand distinctions in the
natives of the British isles, are the
fair and the brown ; both equally
beautiful, provided the character
be complete : the languishing soft-
ness of the fair beauty, the sleepy
eye, the straight and delicately-
formed nose, the moist and protu-
berant lip, are finely contrasted with
the sparkling vivacity and animated
playfulness of the brunette, or with
the commanding majesty and awe-
inspiring character of the larger
featured brown beauty.

To the fair complexion, nature

* The name of the inventor.
f My fair readers will find this subject
beautifully amplified and illustrated in
St, Pierre's Etudes de la Nature.

has almost invariably given blue
eyes : the veins, too, appearing
through the thin and delicate skin,
form tints of the most beautiful blue.
The flesh colour is composed of
such a fine assemblage of tints, that
it assumes, in the tout-ensemble, a
negative character, admitting only
of two spots, comparatively small,
of positive colour, namely, the car-
nation in the cheeks, and the blue
of the eyes. Here, then, is the in-
dication for which I am contending ;
and the rules deducible from if, are,
first, that the dress, whether it be
gown, mantle, or pelisse, which
envelopes the whole form, should
always be of a negative and unob-
trusive colour : secondly, that po-
sitive colours should be very spa-
ringly introduced — borders, rib-
bons, or handkerchiefs, affording
ample room for the display of all
the necessary variety : and, third-
ly, that these colours should always
bear an analogy to those which na-
ture has made use of in perfecting
the most lovely of her works.

To the brown complexion is as in-
variably given a black eye. A bru-
nette with a blue eye would be con-
sidered a lusus natural; and yet
how constantly do we see ribbons,
caps, and other ornaments of a blue
colour made use of in the dress of
ladies of this character. If nature
has given light hair and blue eyes
to the fair complexion, and black
hair and black eyes to the brown,
does it not follow that the fair beauty
will be displayed to most advan-
tage in light and delicate colours I
and that deep and sombre hues will
best accord with the interesting cha«
racter of the brunette ? I have al-
ready observed, that the brunette is
confined iu her choice of colours;

LETTER FROM A YOl'.tfi LADY;

but let her not, merely for the sake
of variety, sacrifice consistency and
taste.

In a future number I shall notice
some other distinctions of character,

point out sonic exceptions to these
general rules, and endeavour (o go
a little more into the details of the
toilette.

Arbiter Elegautiarunii

LETTER FROM A YOUNG LADY IN LONDON TO HER
SISTER IN THE COUNTRY.

I write to you, dearest sister,
from the very center of gaiety;
where all is mirth and amusement,
and where pleasure dances on the
wings of time. And though you
tell me, most moral sister! that I
have run the round of fashion and
folly too long, yet let me honestly
confers to you, that I am by no
means weary; nor can I agree with
you, that the latter is the general
concomitant of the former. On
the contrary, I think that }'our peo-
ple of fashion av1h> catch the bright
moments as they pass, and laugh
away care, ar« the most sensible
people in the world. Away there-
fore with your sermonizing and
sentiment ! for I am determined to
live all the days of my life. The
country, you know, had never any
violent charms for me ; and as to
the delightful, romantic, and pic-
turesque scenery which still conti-
nues to fill your mind with sweet
musings, what is it all when com-
pared with the gay and enchanting
assemblage of a crowded Kensing-
ton-garden and Vauxhall ? Then,
how hateful is a starched, formal
quizzi/, straggling country party,
or a vulgar country or assize ball,
to the freedom, ease, and pleasure
enjoyed at the Argylc-rooms ; or
the elegance and splendour which
distinguishes the assemblies, mas-
querades, concerts, and soupcrs, of
our London fashionables I — besides

the comfort of doing as one pleases,
without being called to account by
a set of frigid, outrageously vir-
tuous, or outrageously malicious
neighbours. Dearest Constance I
enjoy the pleasures of the country
to their full and most stupid extent!
they are all thy own ! — -thy sister
promises never to become thy ri-
val, she having a most insurmount-
| able aversion to all Cory dons and
; Strephons. Rut a dear, dashing^
' four-in-hand felJoro ! — ah ! it would
argue the insensibility of a stock,
or the philosophy of a stoic, to be
indifferent to their noble-spirited
' and charming qualities ! Thank
' my stars, we stay in this dear en-
I chanting place three whole weeks
longer, and every day is devoted to
some gay and pleasurable pursuit!
To-morrow is destined for our
masked ball : 1 shall appear as a
Portuguese nun, and Lord M. will
be my protector, in (lie character of
a brave Spaniard ; my dear, lively,
fascinating friend, Lady Mary, as
a French coquet. V/e have four
balls and six dinners on our list,
besides a Vauxhall party, and two
or three concerts ; so we shall keep
it up very well, and thus make our
exit from the theatre of fashion with
due spirit and eclat. We muster
a strong party to-morrow for the
grand ball and supper of the gay

and delightful Marchioness of F .

Lady Mary and myself will wear a

LETTER FR05I A YOUVG LADY.

new and elegant tunic, of the
Roman order, formed of silver-
frosted crape, with a rich Grecian
border : our under-dress will be
gossamer satin, of a blossom colour,
edged at the feet with a fine antique
lace, a species of trimming which
is considered exceedingly fashion-
able : our sleeves will be shod,
agreeable to the present standard for
full dress : our hair will be bound
tight with a large braid and fillet of
silver, in the Madona style, with a
Spartan diadem of silver, placed a
little on onr side : our samlals of
white satin, laced and trimmed with
silver : a small bouquet of blended
myrtle and the moss rose. .And I
beg leave to remark, lor your edi-
fication, that I do not recollect the
period when this, my favourite or-
nament, was more in fashionable
request. I command you, by all
that is graceful and polite, not to
appear with too long a waist ! It
is only worn by those ordinary and
fantastical people who catch at every
change, and adopt without distinc-
tion or taste. In elegant parties, I
assure }Tou, the waist is only worn
of moderate dimensions, and does
not exceed that becoming medio-
crity, which nature, in her con-
struction of the female form, seems
to have prescribed. I have ordered
you, agreeably to your request, a
suit of pomona green sarsnet : you
will find it a most useful garb, and
I assure you it is both becoming
and fashionable. You must trim
the capuchin, or little cloak, with
thread -lace. With this dress you
may wear the small mountain hat
of straw, turned up a little in front,
and ornamented with a wreath of
wild roses or jessamine ; and thus
you will appear quite in character,
and completely Arcadian. I recom-
No. VII. Vol. II.

mend you, when thus equipped, to
take a stroll in the park, so that,
as your young baronet drives by,
he may have a sort of tantalizing
view of his favourite wood-nymph.
. The business will then be done! for
lie cannot, I am sure, any longer
resist a creature who appears just
formed to meet his romantic wishes.

You will be my Lady Bab to a

certainty. Tell Julia that I con-
clude she was out of her senses
when she chose her yellow crape
robe bordered with silver lilies. —
The dress, as described, must be
beautiful in itself, and very advan-
tageous to a dark or brown woman ;
but what a sickly, subduing effect
it must produce on her fair, pale,
yet interesting countenance, and
light eyes ! — Silly girl ! not to have
attended to this most important par-
ticular. How Jlat she must have
appeared in this jaundice habit ! —
Tell her to make a present of it in-
stantly to her old maiden aunt, who
we know loves finery with all her
heart, and whose person is of that
non-de script order y that it suits with
every thing and nothing. Don't
shew this letter to mamma, I beseech.
you ! for if you do, her love and
affection may take a false alarm, and
I may be hurried away at this most
charming and promising period,
lest the world should get too fast
hold of me. Trust me, dearest sis-
ter, that nothing on earth shall make
me forget the debt of gratitude and
affection I owe to her, and to you
all ; and believe me I love you just
as well where I am, as I should do,
were I with you in Devon — and
perhaps, at this moment, a little
better. — God bless you ! In all
humours, and in all places, still
shall I remain your faithful friend
and affectionate sister, Belinda.
H

Plate 5.— ACCOUNT OF SOMERSET-HOUSE,

With an

Engraving.

The magnificent modern edifice
known by (he name of Somerset-
House, or Somerset-Place, occupies
the site of a palace erected by the
duke of Somerset, the protector,
in the time of Edward VI. To
make room for this mansion that
nobleman demolished a great num-
ber of buildings, without making
any recompence to the owners — a
fact which strikingly illustrates the
superiority of the times in which
we live, to those of our ancestors a
few centuries back. What Somer-
set Ihus began in injustice lie ended
in sacrilege. Part of the church of
St. John of Jerusalem and the
Tower were blown up for the sake
of the materials ; the cloisters on
the north side of St. Paul's, with the
charnel-house and chapel, shared
the same fate ; the tombs were de-
stroyed and the bones thrown into
Finsbury-flelds. The building was
commenced in 1549, but we are not
informed that Somerset lived to in-
habit it, as he was brought to the
block in the year 1552. After his
death the palace fell to the crown,
and it became an occasional place
of residence first of queen Elizabeth
and afterwards of Catharine, queen
of Charles 1J. It was built in
a style of architecture compounded
of the Grecian and Gothic, and
the back, front, and water-gate,
were executed from a design of
lnigo Jones, about 1623. A chapel
was the same year begun by the
same architect, and finished some
time afterwards. In 1775 the whole
of this structure was demolished by
act of parliament, and was succeed-
ed by the present superb edifice,

erected from the designs of Sir
William Chambers.

It appears from papers laid before
the House of Commons, that the
estimate of the projected new struc-
ture was comparatively trifling;
but so weak is human foresight,
and so strong the passion for the
fine arts when roused into action,
that the expence already incurred
amounts to half a million sterling.
The design of this structure is to
unite in a central situation numerous
offices, to facilitate public business,
and to conduct it in a style suited to
the opulence and dignity of this
great commercial country. Accord-
ingly we here find the Stamp-office,
the Navy-office, and several others
of inferior consequence. Here the
Royal Society, and the Society of
Antiquaries, hold their meetings in
apartments allotted to them by royal
munificence ; and here also the
works of the British painters and
sculptors are annually exhibited.

The facade to the Strand, repre-
sented in our engraving, is chaste
and elegant. A Doric arcade, per-
haps somewhat too richly ornament-
ed for the order, leads into a spa-
cious quadrangle, which affords a
view of architectural correctness
and splendour so uniformly sup-
ported as not to be excelled by any
building in Europe. It is true
that some parts of a few structures
separately taken, are more magnifi-
cent ; but the architect rightly con-
sidering that he was neither building
a temple, a national theatre, nor an
imperial palace, suited the style of
ornament to the purposes to which
the edifice is devoted. Having ar»

KING S THEATRE.

rived at the quadrangle, the specta-
tor has an opportunity of observing
the general principles on which the
building is erected. It consists of
a rusticated basement supporting
the Corinthian order, which con-
tains a principal and attic story.
The basement is well proportioned
to the superstructure, and is suited
to the ornamented Corinthian cha-
racter with which it is surrounded.
The church of St. Mary le Strand,
commonly called the New Church,
which appears to the left in our en-
graving, is one of the fifty new
churches erected during the reign of
queen Anne. It is a handsome piece
of architecture, though not very
extensive. At the entrance on the
west side, exhibited in the view, is
an ascent by a flight of steps in a cir-
cular form, leading to a portico of
a similar shape, supported by Ionic
columns, covered with a dome and
crowned by a vase. The columns

are continued along the body of the
church, with pilasters of the same
order at the corners, and in the in-
tervals between the columns are
niches handsomely ornamented.
Over the dome is a pediment sup-
ported by Corinthian columns,
which are also continued round the
body of the structure over those of
the Ionic order. A handsome ba-
lustrade is carried round the top of
the church, and adorned with vases.
If the spirit of improvement to
which the appearance of this metro-
polis has within thesefew years been
greatly indebted, should continue to
gain ground, it is not improbable
that our children may witness the
demolition of this church, as well as
its neighbour, St. Clement's; which
would be an important step towards
completing the grand line of com-
munication that has been commen-
ced to the westward of Temple-bar.

PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS.

king's theatre.
On the 8th June, Signor Siboni
had his benefit at the Opera-house.
The novelties were, the first act of
Mozart's il Don Juan" performed
as a concert; and the opera of" Pir-
ro" by Paesiello. With regard to
the incomparably sublime music of
the former, we have already stated
our sentiments in a preceding num-
ber of the Repository. We have
therefore only to notice the merits
of the principal performers, begin-
ning with Mrs. Billington, who on
this occasion assisted chiefly in the
character of Donna Anna,

Velut luna inter stellaa minores ;

and whether it was owing to the
pleasure we felt at seeing her again
•n those boards, or that she hap-

pened to be in a particular flow of
voice and spirits, we never were
more astonished at the wonderful
display of her vocal powers and
unrivalled musical science. Both
were most eminently conspicuous in
the recitativo duet (sung by her and
Siboni), Ci Ma qual tnai s'offre, ok
Dei" Sfc. as also in the beautiful
little duet, uLd ci dareni lamano"
which was rapturously encored.
Miss Hughes, likewise, in the part
of Donna Elvira, earned her due
share of applause. The correctness
with which she executed the diffi-
cult and chromatic recitativo, "In
quaV eccessi, ok Numi" Sfc. and the
subsequent air, " Mi tradi quell'
alma ingrata," amply proved her
proficiency in the science. Perhap s

king's treatac

now and then her countenance
might have been a little more adapt-
ed to the sense of the text ; some
words of melancholy import (such
as " Miser a Eivira," fyc.) were ac-
companied by too smi.Lj.ng a mien.
As to Mr. Siboni, he certainly made
every exertion to satisfy the audi-
ence ; but it is to be regretted,
the strength of his voice does not
equal his professional skill ; the for-
mer is too feeble for such a theatre.
In the opera of" Pirro, " however,
he appeared to more advantage.
— And Signora Collin f, although
not equal to her predecessors on
those boards, was respectable in
the character of Polisscna. Some
of her notes reminded usofGras-
gini. She and Siboni sung the duct,
" Superba di mia sorte," and par-
ticularly the passage " per te mi
scende in petto," with much taste
and pathos. In the recitativo, also,
" Qualmi sorprende, c agghaccia,''''
&;c. Siboni sung and acted with
great effect. As to the music, it is
highly dramatic, shewy, and har-
monious ; although not. particularly
conspicuous for depth of science, it
is such as to be understood and felt
by the unlettered, and yet to please
the cognoscenti. The finale of the
first act is beautiful : unfortunately,
the scenes of the first and second
act of this opera were unaccount-
ably jumbled together, so as to pre-
clude any idea being formed of the
fable of the piece ; it was neither
one thing nor the other.

The ballet <•' Le Ca'ifc dc Bag-
da /," composed by Mons. Vestris,is
certainly elegant and splendid, al-
though, in our opinion, inferior to
the productions of Mr. D'Egville,
particularly his mythological bal-
lets. At another time, when our
room is more commensurate with
our inclination, we shall enter more

largely into the great merits of Mr.
D'Egville's classic compositions.
Suffice it now to add, that Vestvis
and Angiolini danced delightfully.
Mons. Des Hayes, nevertheless, is
still an old favourite of ours. We
really believe the principal reason
why Vestris appears to greater ad-
vantage is, because lie exerts him-
self more; lie does not husband his
powers like D:'s Hayes, who seems
to us to take things un pcu trap a
son aisc.

On Tuesday 20th June, the se-
rious opera of Sidagcro was intro-
duced at this theatre; Signor Tra-
mezzani, who made his first appear*
auce on this stage, personated the
hero of the piece ; and we venture
to predict that he will prove a valu-
able acquisition : his admirable de-
lineation of a parent's feelings, in
the second act, drew from the whole
house those thunders of applause
which he so amply merited.

Signora Bianchi's musical talents
arc not unknown ; and if, at pre-
sent, she appears to want animation
and dignify when supporting the
character of a qi/ccn, we trust that
those defects w ill wear off. Signo-
ra Calderini's voice is good, and
possesses a considerable degree of
power and compass. The music of
Sidagero, by P. C. Guglielmi,
junior, is imposing and appropri-
ate; and whether original or not,
as seems to be a subject of contest
amongst our amateurs, excites ad-
miration and interest.

While we impartially express
our opinions of the various public
recreations, we cannot refuse our
tribute of heart-felt applause to the
proprietors of the Opera-house, for
their liberal manner of affording
its use for the benefit of the Mid-
dlesex Hospital i The united and
scientific talents of a Bra hi m, a

ROYAL CIRCUS.

Billington, a Parke, a Nakli, and
other singers of high celebrity, can
never fail of bringing ample con-
tributions to our charities.

HAY-MARKET THEATRE.

This charming summer resort
for all the lovers of the drama, still
continues a favourite source of
amusement ; and we are bold to
pronounce, that it ever will conti-
nue to be so, while under the di-
rection of its able and beneficent
manager; who always takes care to
ensure the best performers from
each of our two great national the-
atres which are now about again
to rise, each like a phoenix, from
their respective ashes. — When
such attention is shewn by the di-
rectors of any public place of en-
tertainment to please their audience,
the desired effect is obtained ; and
cynical and morose must be that
mind, which cannot be pleased
with the " feast of reason" offered
to the public since the opening of
this agreeable little theatre.

ROYAL CIRCUS.

Without detracting in the least
from former managers, who have
conducted this place of recreation
to the satisfaction of a public re-
nowned as much for taste as judg-
ment, we must say, that it affords
us the sincerest pleasure to find the
Circus under the able direction of
Mr. Elliston ; whose talents as
an actor we have often witnessed
with high gratification, and whose
qualifications as a gentleman and a
scholar, afford us the pleasing pro-
spect of beholding this theatre af-
ford an unique and correct amuse-
ment.

The appearance of Mr. Elliston
himself on the boards of the Circus,

evinces the ardent desire he has to
afford true pleasure to his audience ;
the overflow and respectability of
which, bid fair to increase the po-
pularity he has long and deservedly
enjoyed. His occasional address
was appropriate, grateful, and em-
phatic ; and we need not add, that it
was well spoken.

The burletta of the Beggars'
Opera promises to be a great fa-
vourite with the public; the ap-
plause, during the whole of the
piece, was unequivocal and un-
bounded. The alteration of the
tavern scene of Macheath among
the frail sisterhood, to that of a
splendid masquerade, is, indeed, a
change for the better in this celebra-
ted opera ; and the introduction of
the air of " Fit/ not ycC was
charming. With all Mr. E.'s qua-
lifications, we did not know him
possessed of such versatility of ta-
lent as he displayed in Macheath,
which he supported inimitably ;
and with that correct attention to
characteristic costume, he dressed
the accomplished highwayman in
the true taste of the day, but not
too fine. We were highly gratifi-
ed by the original overture, which,
whether burlesque or not, as has
been much a subject of dispute,
possesses all that musical merit we
might expect from an able compo-
ser. The young lady who played
Polly, has a very pleasing voice,
which, though it possesses more
sweetness than compass, she has
the art of managing so well, as to
raise her notes to the highest pitch
without any appearance of exertion.
The pupils of Mazzinghi, like those
of the great Montelari, have the
peculiarly pleasing faculty of re-
taining their serenity of counte-
nance, and their singing rather em-

ROYAL SOCIETY OF MUSICIANS.

bellishes the mouth than destroys its
beauty. Mrs. Hatton's Lucy was
excellent, as was Johannot's Peach-
um. Harlequin Cockney went off
well : the scenery is very good, and
the procession of "London dis-
played," was applicable and mag-
nificent.

astley's amphitheatre.
We may venture to affirm that
what human skill, united with the
wonderful sagacity of that docile
and noble animal, the horse, is ca-
pable of, was never more strikingly
exemplified than at Astley's am-
phitheatre. That superb piece the
Arab, continues to bring a crowd-
ed and respectable audience ; and
the boxes on the grand night, the
20th of June, contained many who
rank among the circles of elegance
and fashion. It would swell our
columns too much, did we say
all that this splendid spectacle de-
serves ; suffice it to remark, that
its scenery and decorations surpass
all we have hitherto witnessed at this
amusing theatre : nor can the last
scene be passed over without giving
it our tribute of applause : the
faintness which appears to come
over the wounded horses, while
they seem to exert themselves to
support their riders to the last, till
death renders their fall inevitable,
almost staggers the pride of human
reason, when it finds how nearly in-
stinctive knowledge approaches to
it. The Hhunted Tailor will never
lose its laughable effect. The horse-
manship was exquisite, and when
we behold the two interesting
youths, one of whom exhibited such
unexampled proofs of skill and
agility, we could fancy the Olympic
games revived.

On Tuesday, the 20th of June,

the prize wherry annually given by
Mr. Astley, was rowed for by six
capital watermen, all of whom had
previously won prizes : the boat was
brought on the stage in triumph ;
and the successful winner, Abraham
Lock, introduced to the audience,
while it was declared that i( no
prize had been so well contested be-
fore."

Mr. Richer, on the tight rope,
displayed his usual grace and ele-
gance, and the evening's entertain-
ment concluded with the popular
harlequinade of Fairy Land.

V AUXHALL.

The crowds of beauty and fashion
which still continue to embellish
London, afford a brilliant coup
(Tocil at all our varied public spec-
tacles ; and we never recollect to
have seen a more splendid display
of both, than that which captiva-
ted the eye at the grand gala at
Vauxhall. That great requisite,
a fine evening, caused general hi-
larity ; and the cheerful counte-
nances of the guests, with the un-
limited attention of the managers,
appeared to give universal satisfac-
tion.

ROYAL SOCIETY OF MUSICIANS.

The annual concert for the benefit
of the above society and their dis-
tressed families, took place on the
31st May last, when the whole of
Handel's Messiah was performed.
Few, perhaps none, of our readers
are unacquainted with the merits of
that great oratorio and its * heaven-
born " author. Considering the ef-
fects it produces on the audience
even now, when music has under-
gone a total revolution, we are
struck with astonishment at the gi-
gantic powers of the man, who
composed it more than half a cen-

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS.

tury ago. The Messiah at that time
must have been a musical pheno-
menon; its effect similar to that ot
the strains of an Amphion, Linus,
or Orpheus.

It is not our intention in the pre-
sent instance to enlarge upon the
manner in which the performance
was executed on the above occasion.
The names of a Biliingfon, Bartle-
man, Cramer, CJreatorex, &c. ren-
der it almost needless to say, that
the Messiah was sung and played
as well as it is possible to wish for.
Our object is of the charitable kind ;
we would wish to draw the attention
of our readers to the benevolent pur-
port of the society itself.

Few of the amusements of this
gay metropolis, public as well as
private, but owe their principal at-
traction to the powers of harmony ;
even in the education of our sons
and daughters, music has become
an essential requisite. The nume-
rous class of individuals, therefore,
amounting perhaps to some thou-
sands, who have devoted their lives
to the sole task of being instrument-
al to our recreation and improve-
ment, certainly claim our attention
and respect. Of these, however,
but a small number arrive at that
first-rate eminence which can enable
them to leave to their families a pit-
tance wherewith to struggle through
the various vicissitudes of life. In-
deed age, or some unfortunate acci-

dent, often overtakes even them be-
fore they have been able to secure
themselves from the pangs of want
and distress. To relieve those, to as-
sist their widows and their orphans,
this society has been established
many years ago, and supported by
subscriptions and legacies. Handel
himself bequeathed to it j£ 1000.
The subscriptions are either for life
or annual, the former ten guineas,
the latter one guinea, for which a
ticket is given for the rehearsal and
performance. Many gentlemen of
the first respectability have not only
largely contributed towards the
fund, but laudably exerted them-
selves for its prosperity ; and to the
activity and benevolent zeal of Mr,
Birchall, of New Bond-street, much
of its present flourishing state is at-
tributable. Upwards of ^"2000 have
been appropriated to different modes
of relief and assistance during the
last year.

But to a public like the British
enough has been said ; and nothing
remains to be added, but that the
subscriptions will be received by
Messrs. Drummond, Charing-Cross.
Our motives for stating the above
particulars we are not in any fear of
being misconceived. Further than
charity and benevolence go, we arc
not interested in the prosperity of
the society. We do not belong to
the profession.

RETROSPECT

Since our last publication, events
have taken place of the utmost pos-
sible importance, and the great con-
test for the preservation of the con-
tinent of Europe is now fairly at
issue. Everything wbicfi could have

OF POLITICS.

been expected to rise against France^
has risen against her ; and on the
conduct and success of the present
war, the future destiny of the world
seems likely to depend. Although
the heroic exertions of the Austrians

5(5

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS;

;md the Archduke Charles are now
justly the subject of universal ad-
miration, yet this country should
recollect that the heroism of Austria
v/ill be a reproach to England, un-
less we second her exertions, and
imitate her bright example. The
fact is, that our remissness (parti-
cularly under the late administra-
tion) to give effectual succour to our
continental allies, who were fight-
ing our battles as well as their own,
has given a handle to Bonaparte to
reproach us as useless and worth-
less allies, and has been the osten-
sible defence for the Emperor of
Russia in adopting his present line
of policy.

We hear with pleasure that a
considerable part of our army is
destined for foreign service, as we
are convinced that the honour of
the country, and the interests of our
allies, require that not only British
gold, but British bayonets, should
assist in the defence of Europe. We
are convinced that no quantity of
gold which ministers could have
3ent to Portugal, would have been
so effectual in expelling the enemy,
as the armies which won the battles
ofVemiera and Oporto. We re-
joice that the same general is now
employed, and that reinforcements
are to be sent to him ; for if the
world be now rescued from the
grasp of Bonaparte, we cannot hope
that our country will be respected
and honoured as we would wish,
by our allies, unless we have really
done our duty, and put forth our
whole strength in support of the
common cause.

Sir Arthur Wellesley has so justly
obtained the confidence of the Bri-
tish army, and of the Portugucze
nation, that there is no officer in our

service whom we conceive more en-
titled to the command ; but, as we
have mentioned in some of our for-
mer numbers, that we conceive the
point of military etiquette as to se-
niority might be easier arranged
than was generally supposed, we
will now venture to point out the
mode to which we alluded. The
Portugucze, in fact, indicated it
when they appointed Major-Gc-
neral Beresford field-marshal and
commander in chief of the Portu-
gucze army, and Sir Arthur Wel-
lesley field-marshal general. This
practice, we believe, is common in
continental service, and we think it
might be adopted with the greatest
advantage in our army. Suppose,
for example, ministers should at any
time see reason to select cither Sir
Arthur Wellesley or any other young
lieutenant-general for the command,
of the principal British army on the
Continent, if a mere local and tem-
porary rank of field-marshal were
to be added to the appointment, it
would settle the question of seni-
ority at once. At present, as Sir
A . Wellesley is one of the youngest
lieutenant-generals, his staff is en-
tirely composed of major-generals ;
but if the arrangement that we have
mentioned were to take place, and
circumstances were to require the
British army in Spain to be much
increased, men who are superior io
Sir A. Wellesley on the list of lieu-
tenant-generals would not be averse
to serving under him, if he had the
brevet rank of field-marshal. We
are convinced that, in the long list
of our lieutenant-generals, senior to
Sir A. Wellesley, there are many
who would be happy to serve their
country under him, or any other
general who has such claims as he

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS.

has, provided they could do it con-
sistently with the etiquette of the
army. Now, we conceive that all
the mischiefs resulting from this
etiquette might be removed, not
only in the present case, but for the
future, by giving local rank as field-
marshal to any lieutenant-general
selected for an important foreign
command. We cannot but believe
that such a regulation would be no
less pleasing to the army, than ad-
vantageous to the country.

We know that there are strong
parties both in and out of parlia-
ment, against giving to the Conti-
nent that assistance which it claims
from us. l( money is proposed to be
sent, they say we ought to husband
our resources for our own security;
if an army is to be sent out, they
inveigh against risking British ar-
mies on the Continent. Their rea-
sonings appear to us to rest on three
suppositions, equally untrue and
degrading. In the first place, daz-
zled with the splendour of Bona-
parte's former success, they repre-
sent him as invincible, and, there-
fore, that it is vain to resist him*
Secondly, they have represented
all the nations of the Continent, in
their turn, as abject, degraded peo-
ple, that were not worth defending,
and who wished to be under the
dominion of Bonaparte. Thirdly,
they have always represented our
military force as so very small, that
it was not worth, throwing into the
balance. These appear to be the
foundations of all the reasonings of
those who chusc to call themselves
the safe politicians. Every one of
these positions is as untrue as it is
degrading, is the army of Bona-
parte really invincible ? The Spa-
niards have not. found them so at

No, VIL Vol, //,

Baylen, nor the Austrians at As-

pern. Are the nations o£ the Con-
tinent so vile and degraded as lias
been represented ? We cannot flat-
ter ourselves that a nobler spirit ex-
ists in this country than what is now
manifested in Germany and Spain :
and even the Portuguese nation, of
whom we are accustomed to speak
so contemptuously, is now dis-
playing as good a spirit, in 'propor-
tion to its means, as any other part
of the Continent. The Portuguese
general, Silviera, has contended,
I with, great honour to himself and
his army, against the principal
force of Marshal Soult ; and a Por-
tugueze legion, commanded by Sir
Robert Wilson, has gained xevy
great reputation in Spun. We took
peculiar pleasure in seeing those
illiberal reflections against the con-
tinental nations falsified by the
event. The last of these false posi-
tions upon which the safe politi-
cians rely, is, that the British force
is too small to enter the lists upon
the Continent against France. We
know that, at no time, could Eng-
land have measured her armies
against France upon the Continent
without the assistance of allies ; but
in conjunction with her allies, she
lias done it for many hundred years
successfully. If the military power
of France has much increased of
late years, so has the | ower of those
who are contending again..! her,
England has now in her pay a very
numerous and weil-appointo .1 army,
and she is precisely the power that
(after France) can best aiford to
risk an army, as, even if we should
lose one, our great naval superi-
ority would prevent France from
taking any farther advantage of the
loss. We sh;dl always have abun-
l

MHDICAL REPORT.

(tafcCe of time to becenrfc an armed
' '- , before if would be possible
< nemy to collect the means
us. Under such cir-
cv. ■■ ices, we think the country
i be subject, not only to the
reproach of cow;arcIice, but of frea-
: on to the general cause of mankind,
if if sh'b'uld refuse to risk an army
for flu (.K ■liveranceof the Continent.
• regret that our limits do not
permit us to dwell at any length on
those great events which have so
much improved the prospects of
Europe. As Bonaparte, who al-
ways calculates on slagc effect, is
forid 6f giving battles upon anniver-
saries, and talking to his armies of
fortunate days, we conceive that
there are some coincidences oppo-
site to his interests, which are wor-
1 !: v of noticing. It was on the 21st
and 22d of April that he gained his
victories in Bavaria, and it was
on the corresponding days of the
month of May that he was defeated
at A'spern. Another singular coin-
cidence is, that on the 12th of May,
ihc very day upon which he en-
tered Vienna, Gir Arthur Welleslcy
- omm - ced his career in the pe-
u Fa-, by the capture of Oporto
. I the

' at of Marshal So'ult.
rations of our ar-
niies appear of little importance in
coufij rison with the great events
wiiich are passing in Germany, yet
we do hope that Germany will iind
- vrt iiora the diver-

sion which- the Spanish peninsula,

1 aidrd by Great Britain, will make
in her favour. We have every
encouragement to aid them, for we
find that the small army which we
have already sent to Portugal, has
been sufficient to preserve that coun-
try, to allow it to form a respecta-
ble national army, and to give us a
decided and unenvied influence in
the affairs of that country. If the
world is now to be freed from the
tyranny of Bonaparte, the respect
and attachment which this country
will be entitled to claim from other
nations, will be precisely propor-
tioned to the services she has ren-
dered thdm, and to the exertions
she shall have made in the common
cause. We therefore think the only
honourable, and even the only safe
policy fbi" Great Britain, is now to
shew herself worthy of that respect
which the other nations are willing
to pay her, and re-assuine the rank
she was formerly accustomed 16
hold among the protectors of Eu-
rope. We again repeat, that we
think the honour of our country re-
quires that we should assist the na-
tions of the Continent, not only with,
subsidies, but with our armies ;.
that the time hay come to redeem
ourselves from that reproach which
our desertion of the Continent, upon
a former occasion, brought down
upon us ; and that struggling Eu-
rope has a right to turn its eyes to
this country, and say, " England
is now expected to do her duty."

BEERHSfiBT! /5."_Tfl

MEDICAL REPORT.

;ases which < fever, 6... Inflammatory sore throat,

Iter has attended, from the

I h - .

to the 15th of June.

'iitediscast ?. — Synochus, 5....
Scarlatina ausrinosa, 4.... Catarrhal

5 — Peripneumony, 2 — 1 looping
cough, 4. ..Acute rheumatism, 3 —
Small-pox, 12. . . . W ater in \ he heat! ,

I Ague, 1... .Acute diseases of

infants, o.

MEDICAL REPORT,

Chronic diseases. — Cough, 6....
Cough and Dyspnoea, 13. ...Pulmo-
nary consumption, 4 — Marasmus,
S....Pleurodyne, 6 — Palsy, 2....
Head-ach, 9. . . Asthenia, 13. . . Chro-
nic rheumatism, 5 Rheumatic

gout, 1 Gastrodyuia, 3 — Colic,

J . . . . Enterodynia, 8 Dyspepsia,

8.... Jaundice, 2 Diarrhoea and

Dysentery, 4.... Haemorrhage, 3....
Gravel and Dysure, 3 — St. Vitus's
dance, 1.... Dropsy, 4 — Cutaneous
diseases, 4.... Diseases incident to
females, 8.

The inhabitants of this great me-
tropolis are at this time generally
free from disease. The winter
complaints have nearly disappear-
ed, and those more peculiarly influ-
enced by the summer season, have
not yet begun to affect us. Hoop-
ing cough is on the decline, and
not a single case of measles has oc-
curred to my notice. In a close
district of Westminster, the small-
pox is very rife, and will probably
continue as long as any individuals
remain to be infected. The poor
people are so habituated to its ra-
vages, that they view with indif-
ference their children dying around
them, and seldom think of seeking
for advice, till an advanced period
of the complaint, when the miser-
able sufferer is sinking apace, and
the approach of death is evident to
the most inexperienced observer.
We have laws and regulations to
guard against the occurrence of
plague and yellow fever, diseases
no man living lias witnessed in this
country ; and yet we suffer the
dregs of the people to harbour and
cherish an infection, much more fa-
tal, and much more easily commu-
nicated than either of those diseases.
The plague is only propagated by
actual contact, and ii is probable

that this climate would check, ra-
ther than support yellow-fever, ad-
mitting the possibility of its being
introduced among us. The alarm
that would be excited by the occur-
rence of a single case of the plague
in this city, would be inconceivably
great; and yet in the courts and
alleys surrounding and contiguous
to our habitations, a ranch snore
subtle contagion is almost constant-
ly present, but from its frequency it
is regarded with apathy, or sub-
niitted to us an in d is pen sible curse.
What is the utility of forming
vaccine establishments, wh en poor
people will not take their children
to them ? If they will not volun-
tarily anticipate evils, and secure
their offspring from the attack of a
severe disease by inoculating them
with a mild one, they should be
compelled to if : a plague patient
would be removed to a pest-house,
and why should people be permit-
ted to infect a neighbourhood when-
ever they think fit, with variolous
contagion ? It is a mistaken sort of
humanity which permits the igno-
rance and prejudices of the people
to effect mischief, when it may ear
sily be prevented. Whilst inter-
ested individuals alarm the public
with false and disgusting stories of.
loathsome diseases being produced
by cow-pox, or of its altogether
failing in securing the patients from
being subsequently afflicted by
small-pox; and all this written in
a vulgar, coarse style adapted to
the views and apprehension of the
lowest orders of the community,
we are not to be surprised that they
feel an tAtex abhorrence of vaccina-
tion, wliiie it is gaining /'-round
amongst the higher; nnd middle
ranks.

1 9

AGRICULTUR

Tin; uncommonly high Minds of
this month have caused some injury
to vegetation, particularly amongst
those trees whose branches extend
wide, and whose stems were a little
ttecayed. Many lofty elms have
been thrown down, and the more
ler and succulent shoots have
i broken on the smaller trees. —
Culinnry vegetables in the gardens
near town have been literally blown
out of the ground. The leaves of
ninny shrubs were so much bruised
as to appear as though they had |
been killed by frost.

The more genial weather at the
latter end of the month has been ;
very favourable for the harvesting

AL REPORT.

of the heavy crops of clover and
hay.

The wheat breaks out finely on
the bloom, and promises a full crop.
The barleys have shot into ear,
with a strong and luxuriant stem,
and promise a very heavy crop,
particularly upon the Norfolk tur-
nip lands, where the. drill system
has become very prevalent.

The bean?, and all the legumi-
nous tribe, blossom strong, and are
free from the fly. The pea crop
promises to be very good..

The turnip lands are in a good
state, and the young plants come
up strong on those soils where they
are drilled.

PLATE 3. LIBRARY' SOFA.

Amongst the various decorations
of a library, a sofa is an indispen-
sible piece of furniture ; it not only
ornaments, but becomes a comfort
when tired and fatigued with study,
writing, and reading — the exhaust-
ed mind can only be recruited by

FASHIONABLE FURNITURE.

enee and comfort to be found as in
England.

The annexed engraving repre-
sents a library sofa, with mahogany
carved frame, Grecian small ends,
French stuffed, bordered, and welt-
ed ; covered with green Morocco
leather, a square French bolster en

occasional rest. The British artist suite, elegantly ornamented with
is continually employing his inge- , rich Parisian fringe, a Chinese pa-

nutty for the comforts of the opu-
lent, who, in return, liberally re?

lampone, with handsome Vandyke
border, tassels, &c. forming a light

ward his exertions ; and hence it is, covering to draw over when rc-
that, in no other country in Ihe !i clincd on.
world, is such complete conveni- 'I

Bre-g-J'JTMMW

ALLEGORICAL WOOD-CUT, WITH PATTERNS OF BRITISH

MANUFACTURE.

No. I is a yellow-printed bock- |] sook, 6-4ths wide, is an extremely

muslin, ell-wide, admirably adapt-
ed for ladies' evening dresses, and
furnished by Messrs. Smith and Co.
43,Tavistock-street,Covent-garden.
No. 2, a striped muslin, or nain-

elegant article for morning dresses,
and was supplied by Messrs. Brisco
and Powley, 103, New Bond-street.
No. 3 is a printed cambric-muslin,
9-8ths wide. It is a highly-fashion-

-•

C*)e ^Repository

Of Arts, Literature, Commerce, Manufactures, Fashion, and Politics.
Manufacturers, Factors, and Wholesale Dealers in Fancy Goods that come
within the scope of this Plan, are requested to send Patterns of sue"
Articles as they come out, and if the requisites of Novelty, Fashio
Elegance are united, the quantity necessary for this Magazine
will be ordered. R. Ackermann, 101, Strand, London.

No.

PvEPOSITORY OF ARTS, SCIENCE,^

TOETRY.

able article, and uncommonly ele-
gant, from the delicacy of its de-
sign and print, which we have au-
thority to assure the public to be a !
permanent colour. It was furnished
us by the same house as the pre-
ceding pattern.

No. 4. This chintz, or shawl
pattern marcella, | wide, is a truly
elegant and fashionable article for
gentlemen's waistcoats. It was fur-
nished by Messrs. Richard Smith
and Co. 2, Princes-street, Leices-
ter-square.

— — a— ■

ftoetrp.

OLE FOR HIS MAJESTY'S BIRTH-DAY.
By H. J. Pye, Esq. Poet-Laureat.

While Europe with dejected eye
Beholds around her rural reign,
Whilom of Peace the fair domain,
The scene of desolation lie ;

Or if with trembling hope she cast
Her look on hours of glory past,
And burn again with virtuous fame
Her ancient honours to reclaim,
And brace the corslet on her breast,
And grasp the spear and wave the
crest ;
Yet lies her course thro' war's ensanguin'd

flood ;
Yet must she win her way thro' carnage
and thro' blood.

Ah ! happier Britain, o'er thy plain
Still smiling Peace and Freedom

reign;
And while thy sons with pitying eye
Behold the fields of ruin round them
lie ;
The storms that shake each neighbour-
realm with fear,
Like distant thunder die upon the ear ;
They bless the halcyon hours that

gave,
To rule a people free and brave,
A patriot monarch all their own,
Their swords his bulwark, and their
hearts his throne.
And while to this auspicious dav,
The Muse devotes her tributary lay,
A nation's vows in choral Paean join,
And consecrate to fame ' a verse as mean
as mine.'

Yet not to selfish thoughts confin'd,

Are the warm feelings of the virtuous
mind:

The royal Patriot while he views

Peace o'er his realms her bliss diffuse,

Mourns for the sorrows that alllict
mankind.

Go forth, my sons, he cries ; my Bri-
tons, go,

And rescue Europe from her ruthless
foe.

Behold, in arms, Austria's imperial
Lord ;

Behold Iberia draw the avenging
sword ; —

O let with theirs your mingling en-
signs fly,

In the great cause of injured Liberty !
Go forth, my sons, and to the world de-
clare,
When suffering Freedom calls, Britan-
nia's arms are there.

THE DEATH OF THE BRAVE.

On the English Officers who fell at Corunna.
" Peace to the souls of the heroes,
" Their deeds were great in fight."

OSSIAN.

Wake the harp to strains of glory,
To deeds of high, heroic story ;
Let the rushing stream of song
Sweep with the wild waves' force along:
Louder, yet louder, strike the strings
Till the blue concave echoing rings.
Mark ! the chords in thunders rattle,
Throbs the warrior's heart for battle.
On to the field — his bosom glows —
He plunges 'mid a host of foes :

(iS

POETRY.

Bright, beams his- falchion, waving high,
And on his plume sils victory.

Rages the combat fierce and strong —
The darts in whirlwinds pour along;
An:l scattering death and terror round,
The chieftain sink"-, with glory crown'd,

Thus Moore, the noble, valiant, fell,
The hero England lov'd so well :
And many a youth, and veteran brave,
Found, on that day, an early grave.
JTwas Freedom's cause — in Freedom's

pride
They fought, they conquer'd, and they

died.
Who does not envy such a fate ?
Who would not die— to die so great ?

And shall their's be the meteor lot,
Seen for one hour, the next forgot ?
No ! on the hero's iaurell'd bier
The muse shall shed the sacred tear;
And mem ary, bending o'er his grave,
From death the warrior's name shall save;
And oft in high, heroic ver.se,
Shall the soft bard his fame rehearse.

A/ilk St. Clalre.

MARY.

A BALLAD.

Rudely rav'd the blustering billow,
Wildly waved the watch-worn willow,
The heavens her shield, the rock her
pillow,

In silent sadr.e.r. mourned Mary.
O'er its chill brow the moonbeam peeping,
Glanced on the tear of Mary weeping;
In her fond arm the babe lay sleeping;

Blow on, thou wind, nor think of Mary !

Fast flew the hours from fall of sun,
Fast to its goal its bark had run,
Since Lindor and his maid were one —

Alas ! that now is o'er, Mary !
Life's spark has ceas'd to warm his clay,
Its light to lume, its powers to play,
Its fleeting flame has fled away,

lie's gone to weep no more, Mary !

< )n ocean's bed night's breeze now crept,
Still grew the world, still Mary wept;
All in that world, but alary, slept

Swcel as her LaiJor's tomb.
No wandering winged waked iis cry,
To waft his dirge to heaven < n high ;
No ray of hope could glad her eve,

No gleam could gild her gloom.

Not e'en a zephyr's babbling billow,
Woo'd by a wanton whispering willow,
Sigh'd its last strain on Mary's pillow,

O'er Mary's wave-locked shoal,
Waked Echo from her clay-cold cell,
But when a tear its tale could fell,
But when a sigh could say " farewell !

" Peace to his hallow'd soul !"

O'er the white bosom of each wave
Oft would she gaze, as oft to rave ;
For stiil her tear would deck his grave,

And still she'd wildly weep,
Clasping her infant to her aim —
" And is he gone ?" — her wild alarm.
" Rest on, sweet babe, nor fear thou
harm ;

" Forget thy fears, and sleep.

" Forget thy wants, forget thy woes,
" Forget what now thy mother knows ;
" In life's last dream they'll soon repose,
" In death's sweet sleep they'll soon
lie weary."

She said : her eye roll'd up to heaven
To see her sin, her soul forgiven ;
Then to the deep (by anguish driven)
She sunk, alas ! unhappy Mary !

While wintry winds shall breathe to blow,
Their knell shall ring in ocean's cave ;
While cypress corals round it grow,
Their shroud shall be the wand' ring wave.

T. C. Sl'EER.
Westminster, June 16, isoa.

EPITAPH ON A MISER.

Here crumbling lies beneath this mould,
A man whose sole delight was gold :
Content was never once his guest,
Tho' thrice ten thousand lill'd his chest;
For he, poor man, with all his store,
Died in great icuni— the want of more.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

BANKRUPTCIES.

T/ia Solicitors'' Names are between Parentheses.

Abbott Wm. Prcscot, Lancaster, watch-
movement maker (Leigh and Mason, New
Bridge Street

Abbott J. Prcscot, Lancaster, grocer (Avi-
son, Liverpool

Adams J. Walsall, Stafford, factor (Turner
and Pike, Bloomsbury square

Alger S. C. Gracechurch street, poikman
(Oldham, St. Swithin's lane, Lombard street

Allen E. and J. Hancock, Bristol, navy-
cbutiactors (Price and Williams, Lincoln's inn

Ayre's J. Stratford, coal-merchant (Ro-
binson and Lee, Lincoln's inn

Bailey J. Chancery lane, stationer (Pearcc
and Son, Swithin's lane

Barclay VV. late of Manchester buildings,
TVestinibster, dealer and chapman, but now a

fsone'r in the King's Bench (Rogers and Son,
hester buildings

Barnes J. Kendal, dealer (Fairer and Stead-
man, Bread-street Hill

Beaton W. Taunton, currier (Blake and
Son, Cook's court, Carey street

Eennet B. Hailskani, Sussex, brewer (Bar-
ber, Chancery lane

Benton Wm. Stoneywell, Stafford, miller
(Lambert, Hattou Garden

Berry C. sen. and R Rochester, Norwich,
booksellers (Windufe and Co. Chancery lane

Bleckley G. Reading, ironmonger (Hunt,
Surry street, Strand

Blundell J. Lloyd's Coffee-house, insurance
broker (Palmer, Tomlinsons, and Thompson,
Coptludl court

Bolton J. John street, Adclphi, wine mer-
chant (Hannam, Covent garden

Bosher R. Ray street, Clerk'enwell, vic-
tualler (Cross, Sbuthwark

Bowes W. Newport, Isle of Wight, iron-
monger (Worsley, Newport

Bryan M. George street, Hanover square,
picture dealer (Holmes and Lowden, Cle-
rn cut's inn

Bryan J. Merfhyr Tydvil, Glamorgan, com-
mon brewer (Bleasdale, Alexander, and Kolme,
New inn

Buddie W. CHenies street, Bedford square,
carpenter (Godmond, New Bridge street

CadmanC. Park street, Islington, carpen-
ter (Edwards, Symond's inn

CarrG. late of'Ripdn, iron-'f mnder, but now
a prisoner in York castie (Exley and Stockier,
f itrnival's inn

Chapman E. Tuhbridge Wells, carpenter
(Cunningham, New North street, Red Lion
square

Chapman J. Dalston, Middlesex, and Great
Turnstile, Holboru, Hour- factor (Pullen, Fore
street

Churchett G. Plymouth, baker (Elworthv,
Plymouth Bock

Ciapham W. Kennington, v. in< merchant
(Teasdale and Browne, Merchant Tailors' hali

Clarks'on G. Bristol, cabinet-maker (James,
Gray's inn square

Cooke J. Gravesend, carpenter (Debary
and Derby, Temple

Cbwpar R. Careaton sti i, . . irehouseman
(\\ ijde, Warn ick

Dayies E. T. Great Warner street, Cfcr-
kenweil, linen-draper (Sweet, Temple

Dean R. Kcw bridge, tavern-keeper (Jullion
and Wheildon, Temple

Dew hurst G. J. Halifax, grocer (Hodgson,
Surry street, Strand

Dickie T. Cornb.il], bookseller (Birkett,
Bond court, Wailbrook

Dyke S. J. Perciyal street, Goswell street,
grocer (Prihgle, GreviUe st. Hatton garden

EllamW. Windle, Lancaster, tanner (Leigh
and Mason, New Bridge street

Fleet John, Southampton, miller (Bacon,
Southampton street, Covent garden

Foreman T. late of Chatham, grocer, but
now a prisoner in Maidstone gaol (Flexney,
Chancery lane

Freemantle J. J. Brandon, and J. Desor-
meaux, King street, Goswell street, iron-
founders (Dixon, Allen, and Best, Paternos-
ter row

Gibson T. High street, Marybone, iron-
monger (Sudlow, Monument yard

Giles W. Southampton street, Covent gar-
den, grocer (Brace, New Boswell court

Giles D. jun. Cornbrcok, Manchester, brew-
er (Willis, Warnford court

Giorgi B. Wilson street, Moorfields, che-
mist (Loxley, Cheapside

Gorton J. Manchester, merchant (Milne
and Parry, Temple

Green E. Stepney, carpenter (Cowper and
Lone, Southampton buildings

Hilher J. Leicester square, carver and gil-
der (Mills, New North street, Red Lion sq.

Hodgson T. Biackman street, South wark,
upholder (Maddock and Stevenson, Lincoln's
inn

Hughes Tl. Worcester, hatter (Piatt, Temple

Hunt C. A. Welbeck street, apothecary
(Fielder, Duke street, Grosvenor square

Huntinann J. Queen street, Golden square,
tailor (Plat't. Temple

Jackson E. Horsleydown, brewer (Cu'ppage,
Jcrmyn street

Jackson J. S. New Road, Wellclose square,
merchant (Jones and Rcche, Covent garden
churchyard

Johnson J. Bolton, Lancaster, shopkeeper
(Meddov/croft, Gray's inn

Johnson J. Great Baddow, Essex, carpenter
(Aubrey, Look's court, Cur itor street

Kent W. Bermondsey, tanner (Oldham,
St. Swithin's lane

Kimpson J. Old Bethlein, paper-hanger
(Smith, Furaival's inn

Kitton P. R. Holt, Norfolk, printer (Tay-
lor, Norwich

Lawrence R. Prospect row, Bermondsey,
corn dealer (Robinson, Prospect row

Mackinhan M. Gracechurch street, haber-
dasher (Hind, Throgmorton street

Mansel! J. Manchester, commission brolier
(Milne and Parry, Temple

Markhain E. Honey-lane market, butcher
(Strait on, Shored itch

Michi tV. Falmouthj vintner dlighmoor,
Bush lavi", Caniion. street

Mimms'R. jun. Norwich, coal-mei chant
(Windus and Co. Chanieerj

Moseley I!. Lawrence Pountnev hill, and

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

J. Wheiluon, Copthall court, merchants (Greg-
sou and Dixon, Copthall court

Muniis II. Knightsbridge, paper-stainer
(Milton and Pownall, JJoctors1 Commons

Newman H. Skinner street, currier (Lee,
Chancery lane

NichollsT. Birmingham, dealer and chap-
man (Egerton, Gray's inn square

Noitlish J. Meopbani, Kent, butcher (Jones,
Martin's la..e, Cannon street

Oxen R. Scaffold-hill-mill, Northumber-
land, miller (Atkinson, Chancery laue

ParkeW. Liverpool, spirit-merchant (Huline,
Russell square

Pearson J. • Holyhead, stationer (Swain,
Stevens, and Maples, Old Jewry

PetnoseJ.R. Horudmrcb, Essex (Jones,
Martin's lane, Cannon street

Pitt T. Strand, hosier [Freanie, Great
Queen street

Plaskett II. G. Hoggin lane, Bread street
hill, victualler [Templer, Burr street, East
Sui ith field

Read J. Beckington, Somerset, clothier [El-
lis, HattoD garden

Rimmer J . Bury court, St Mary Axe, mer-
chant [Battye, Chancery laue

Romcr J. Rosamond street, Clerkenw; 11,
watch jeweller [Dewberry, Conduit street,
Hanover square

Rowel I W. Moulton Marsh, Lincoln, job-
ber [Wilson, Greville street, Ilatton garden

Scott J. Strand, bookseller [Barber, Chan-
cery lane

Seager S. P. Maidstone, dealer and chap-
man [Debary and Derby, Temple

Sievewright J. High Hesket in the Forest,
Cumberland, cattle dealer [Birkett, Bond
court, Walbrook

Sisson J- Lombard street, banker "[Oak-
ley, Martin's lane, Cannon street

Skilbeck J. Huddersfield, York, merchant
[Sykes and Knowles, New inn

Slater W. Westgate Moor, Wakefield, corn-
factor [Battye, Chancery lane

Stuart P. Meet street, printer [Dixon and
Allen, Paternoster row

TinsonT. Salter's hall court, Cannon striel,
wine-merchant [Allison, Freeman's court,
Cornhill

Tomlinson J. Barlaston, Stafford, Loat-
bnilder ["Willis, Warhford court

Townse.nl J. Liverpool, merchant [Wiudle,
Jehu Street, Bedford row

TownroeR. Nottingham, maltster [Swale
and Heelis, Great Orniond street

Turner J. Rofchford, Essex, carrier [Ben-
net, Philpot lane

Walker M. F. Chatham, linen-draper [Pal-
mer, Tomlinsoas, and Thomson, Copthall ct.
Watts W. Compton Bishop, Somerset, inn-
keeper [Blake, Cook's court, Carey sheet

Weedon J. Albion place, hosier [Rogers,
Copthall court

Wheatley J. Mark lane, cornfactor [Allis-
ton, Freeman's court, Cornhill

White C. Oxford street, dealer and chap-
man [Bousfield, BouveriC street

Wilkie J. Howard street, Strand, navy-
agent [Ledwicb, Baldwin's court, Cloak laue
Wyatt H. Snouhill, shoemaker [Mawley,
Dorset street, Salisbury square

Young J. Queen street, merchant [Dulbic,
Temple

DIVIDENDS.
Allinson R. andJ. Whitaker, Lancaster, lea-
ther- dressers, June 22. — Anderson A. Coleman
street, merchant, June 27. — Andrade J. Ab-
church lane, insurance-broker, July 8. — An-
uesley A. L. ChisweTl street, merchant, July
15. — Arden J. and J. B. Beverly, York, wine-
in Tenants, July 1. — Baker J. jun. Stafford,
shoemaker, June 24 — Ball J. Hathersett, Nor-
folk, engineer, Nov. 14. — Banks E. Bamber
bridge, Lancashire, cotton-manufacturer, June
■26. — Barker W. Newark, Notts, woolstapler,
July 8. — BatemauT. Redcross street, woollen-
manufacturer, J unc 30. — Bennett G. Birming-
ham, linen-draper, July 22. — Benson J. and J.
Lancaster, linen-drapers, June 21. — Bcswir.k
S. and J. Grime, Huline, Lancaster, common
brewers, July It). — >BIachford D. and R. Lom-
bard-street, gold and silver lace-men, Nov. 1 1.
Bower J. C. Ledbury, Hereford, milliner, June
17. — Braid A. Frith street, Soho, bak*r,July 1.
— Brewer W. Rochester, coach-master, June
13. — Bridger J. Mortlake, Surry, tallow chan-
dler, July 1. —Bruckner J. South Molton street,
ladies' shoemaker, July e — Bruton J. L. Ro-
therhithe, mariner, June 27.— Bryan W. White
Lion court, Birchin lane, merchant, June 27.
— Bull S. Brewer street, Golden square, tallow
chandler, June 30. — Burnand W. Old Boiid.u.
coaCh-mfiker, June 27-— Bushy W. Strand,
hatter, July 13. — Chapman J. Martin's laue,
Cannon street, dry-salter, June 27. — Clarke A.
Newport, Isle of Wight, tanner, July 15. —
Clutton O. Tooley street, corn - merchant,
June 13, July l. — Colgrave J. Red Lion street,
wine merchant, July 15. — Collier R. New
Bond street, merchant, Nov. 14. — Corrie J.
Weston street, Southwark, common brewer,
June 24. — Coulthard J. Bucklersbury, ware-
houseman, June 2!) — Cowley J. Sh.fheld, cut-
ler, July 7. — Crouch T. (uck field, Sussex, gro-
cer, June 24. — CroudsonT. Wigan, Lancaster,
innkeeper, June 10. — Daud J. Kirby Stephen,
Westmoreland, banker, June 24. — Davey J.
Curtain road, Sho'reditch, carpenter, June 30,
Oct. 31. — Davis J. Oxford, dealer and chap-
man, June 30. — Davis G. Craubouru street,
Leicester fields, linen-draper, June 27- — Daw-
son R. St. Paul's churchyard, potter, June 13.
— Dean J. Wat ling street, wholesale linen-
draper, Oct. 24. — Degraves P. Chtapside, and
T. Bainbridge, Manchester, warehousemen,
June 3 . — Dewhurst P. Preston, Laucasti r,
slater, June 21. — Dingle W. Exeter, corn-fac-
tor, July 12: — Dixon T. Birmingham, money-
scrivener, June 23. — Dolby R. Colchester,
bricklayer, Jane 17.— Dove;. J. Hereford, wine-
mi. chant, June 15. — Eadcs, il & G. Knowles,
Birmingham, silver-platers, July 7.— Eagletou
i '.. Ch< upside, grocer, July is. — Gkins J . 0 -
ford strict, cheesemonger, July h. — Emdin
.1 G. Portsmouth, shopkeeper, June 24. — '
Evans J. Cardigan,* linen-draper, June i>o. —
FarmerT.B. Rotherhithe, carpenter, July 15-

— FcllJ. Walworth, insurance-broker, July S.

— Ferneley T. and G. Hulme, Lancaster, cot-
ton-spinners, June 27. — Finch J. C Russell
court, Drury-lane, tavern-keeper, July 11. —

'!'. Bristol, merchant, June 27.-— Gard-

ner VV. Luton, Bedford, sack-manufacturcvj

July 22 —Gill A. VVilliton, Soniersi t, clothii r,

! July 12. — Glenton W, Jerim • - t, tailor,

June 24. — < reaves '.■'. Leeds, currier, J uh 8-

— Green H. Southwte, Middl* :, farmer

BANKRUPTCIES AND DtviDENDSL

July 20. — Griffin G. Tooley street, sacking-
manufacturer, July 8. — Halbert J. Newcastle-
■upon-Tyne, merchant, July 4. — Hall G. Queen
Wreet, silk-manufacturer, June 13. — Hanslip
W. Shadbrook, Suffolk, tanner, July 25. —
Hart A. H. Houndsditeh, broker, July 7. —
Harvey R. Woolwich, baker, July 1. — Hatha-
way VV. Shoe- lane, dealer, July J.— Hays J.
Oxford, grocer, June 17. — Hendrie R. Blossom
street, Spitalrields, silk-dyer, Julys. — Hesketh
J. and VV. Jones, Liverpool, grocers, June 15.
— Hetherington A. and J. Mackie, Drury lane,
perfumers, June 24. — Hill J. Towcester, North-
ampton, grocer, July 14— Iliucks R. Chester,
banker, July 7. — Holland J. Gray's Inn lane,
oil aud colour-man, June 24. — Hollyer J. Co-
ventry, ribbon-manufacturer, July 10. — Holt-
ham J.GIocester, wine-merchant, July 14. —
Horley R. Epsom, pork-butcher, June 10,
July 4 — Horrocks VV. aud J. Stockport, Ches-
ter, muslin-m.inufacturers, July 0" — Hughes
J. F. Wigmpre street, bookseller, Oct. 31. —
Hunter J. Whitehaven, mercer, June 23 —
JnglishJ. and G Preston, Lancaster, drapers,
June 23 -Ireland J.R. Burrstreet, East Smith-
field, coal-factor, May 30. — Jackson J. Great
Yarmouth, Norfolk, chemist, Oct. 31 — Jack-
son T. Argyle street, tailor, June 27 — Jones
H. Northwich, diaper, June 21 — Keliand \V.
Exeter, currier, July 8. — Kenney A.Bristol,
milliuer, July 8 — Koight S. Froine Selwood,
Somerset, tailor, June 20 — Knight J. Notting-
ham, shoemaker, July 6 — Kray F. Stanhope
street, Clare market, goldsmith, June 27 —
Lauchester A. Sackviile street, dealer ^ chap-
woman, July 211— Lawten J. sen. J. jun. and
J. Ashton-uuder-Linc, Lancaster, cotton -ma-
nufacturers, July 10. — Leman J. Ramsgate,
shopkeeper, June 24 — -Le Mesurier H. and A.
Du Buission, Loudon, merchants, June 24 —
Levy J. I. Haydon street, Minorics, merchant,
July 4< — Loiigstatl" W. Morton, Lincoln, envu-
factor, June 2t) — L\ou J. Savage gardens,
Loudon, merchant, July 5 — Mackean A. Win-
chester street, inei chant, Jun.e 24 — Manuin C.
Pickett street, Temple Bar, cheesemonger,
July 8 — Mark P. Plymouth Dock, lineu-dra-
per, July 4 — Marsh A. Aldgate^ jeweller, July
1 — Martindale J. St. James's street, wine-
merchant, June 24— Matthew B. Lime street
square — May J. Dedhnm, Essex, malisler,
June 19 — M'Bride A. Liverpool perfume,,
July 7— M'Carthy G. P. and R. W. Vanghan,
Bristol, tailors, July 1— M'Dermott, Red Lion
street, Southwark, hop-factor, July 1 — Med-
hurst W. Ross, Hertford, inuhohler, July 3 —
Meucelin J. and D. Amiek, ( heapside, per-
fumers, July 1 1 — Morgan S. and Iff. R. Mosley,
York street, Southwark, hop-factors, June 20 —
Morgan S. ^ ork street, Southwark, hop-factor,
June 2^ — Morgan J. Llanfair-ary-brisi, Car-
marthen, timber-merchant, June 29 — Morgan
T. Holborn, linen-draper, June 29 — Money
M. R- York street, Southwark, hop-factor,
June 20-^-Moseley J. Swinefleet, Howden,
York, potatoe-mei chant, June 24 — Mulloy T.
Tokenbouse yard, mttriner, July 19 — Nainby
- C. Great Grimsby, Lincoln, tallow-chandler,
Jane 19 — Nailor T. jun. Liverpool, uphol-

No VII. Vwl II.

sterer, July 7— Newton E. Morpeth, money-
scrivener, July 4 — Nicholls J. G. Moulsey,
Stirry, merchant, Nov. 2— Palke R. Little
Hempstou, Devon, coal-merchant, June 13 — «
Palmer T. Goodge street, St. Pancras, failor,
July 8 — Parr R. Watling street, wholesale ha«
berdasher, June 27 — ParssonJ. and J. Gardi-
ner, Clement's lane, Lombard street, and Sa-
ville place, Lambeth, hop-merchants, June 27
— Pearce J. St. Alban's street, ladies' shoe-
maker, June 13 — Pearkes B. Worcester, tea-
dealer, June 12 — Pears S. Bread street, ware-
houseman, aud J. Watson, sen. aud jun. and
Jos. W. Preston, Lancaster, cotton-manufac-
turers, July 29 — Pennl. leather lane, oilman,
June 27 — Poutey W. Sledmere, York, corn-
factor, June 30 — Puller D. late of Cannon
street road, Ratcliffe Highway, mariner, but
now a prisoner in the King's Bench, Juue 17.
Rawlins W. Gracechurch street, grocer, July
8 — Read J. Beckington, Somerset, c'othier,
July 4 — Richards G. Cornhill, bookseller,
June 24 — Robinson J. Whitehaven, mercer,
July 5 — Rowland N. Greystoke place, Fetter
lane, insurance-broker, July 29 — Rudge M.
Freethorne, Gloucester, tanner, July 14 — Rum-
sey T. sen. Bermondsey, broom-maker, July
5 — Sntterthwaite T. Manchester, merchant,
June21 — SaulT. and J. Reynolds, Manches-
ter, woolstaplers, June 27 — Saul T. Manches-
ter, woolstapler, June 27 — Scott T. I. and D.
Garthorpe, York, grocers, June 29 — Shaw G.
Lincoln, merchant, June 19 — Shaw J. Heights,
near Delph, York, cotton-spinner, June p6 —
Simpson F. Preston, Lancaster, milliner, July
8 — Smith H. Albemarle street, wine-mercht.
July 8 — Smith J. Little Pulteney street, tal-
low chandler, June 24— Stapletou J. Newing-
ton Commou, Hackney, dealer and chapman,
July 9 — Stevens T. Bristol, carpenter, July
11 — Stiaw G. Lincoln, merchant, June 19 —
Stretton VV. Wadeuhoe, Northampton, but-
cher, July 1 — Taylor J. Pagham, Sussex,
shop-keeper, Aug. 12 — Tempest Iff. Derby,
mercer, June SO — Thompson VV. jun. Wol-
verhampton, grocer, July2J — Tigar A. Be-
verley, York, ironmonger, June 24 — Todd W.
Cross lane, St. Mary's hill, London, and Bank-
side, Surry, merchant, June 30, Oct. 31 — Toin-
lins J. Bristol, grocer, July lu — Tomlinson J.
and C. Chester, brevrers, July 7 — Tracey F.
Windsor, grocer, July 15 — Tinner J. Swelling,
Suffolk, draper, July 8— Tuthtr T. P. Hol-
born hill, linen-diaper, June 25 — Tyson J.
Liverpool, tallow-chandler, July 7— L'shaw
W. Beverley, York, corn-merchant, June 24 —
Vincent J. Seething iaue, carpenter, June 24
— Visick VV. Midhurst, Sussex, draper, June
27 — Watiuoagh R. and R. Clapham, Liver-
pool, soap-boili-rs, July 4 — Watson VV P. Sel-
by, York, mercer, June 27 — Watsoa J. Elton,
Lancashire, cotton-spinner, Juue 2o — Webb
J. R. Chertsey, grocer, July 1 — Wilkes W.
Birmingham} factor, July 8 — : Williams W.
•J'arl; street, Islington, builder, July 29 — Will-
mott S. D. Duuster, Somerset, merchant, July
7 — Winter W. and T F. Hay, Long-acre,
lacenten, June 13 — Woodward A. Liverpool,
porter-merchant, June 19.

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METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL,

Kept by R. Banks, Mathematical Instrument- Maker, Strand, London

1809

BAROME-
TER.

THERMOMETFR. |

WEATHER.

High-

Low-

MAY

Day of

9 A. M.

9 A.M.

)P.M.

est.

Day.

Night.

30.21

Fair

Faii-

30.09

Ditto

S>6

29 90

5 It

Ditto

Rain

29 00

Ditto

Faii-

29.63

Bain

Ditto

29.56

Ditto

29.82

Ditto

Cloudy

i 81

29.73

50"

Ditto

JUNE

Faii-

Fair

29.50

29-36

51*

Rain

Cloudy

30.02

Faii-

29-68

Rain

Ditto

£9-33

53}

Ditto

Rain

29.61

Ditto

Faii-

29m 3

Ditto

2978

Ditto

Cloudy

29.55

Ditto

29-57

Ditto

i29.73

Ditto .

Ditto

30. OS

Faii-

Ditto

30.00

Ditt..

Faii-

29-97

Ditto

29.88

Ditto

2995

Ditto

29.82

54 Ditto

Ditto

29-32

LiiU.

Ditto

29.90

62§

Ditto

30.02

D'ilto

Ditto

30.22

ti5 '

59 Ditto 1 Cloudy

30.30

Rail) I Fair

* Rain, boisterous, and co'.d all the forenoon, -j- Air very chilly.

Eveniiv

5 boisterons and very colli. ^ The moon obscured at intervals. || Afternoon sultry

in the evening' refreshing breezes.

M^HftNnm

r it i c e s

Of Fire-Off ce, Mine, Dock, Canal, Water- Works, Brezsety, &> Public
Institution Shares, 8,-c. t,r. for Jry.\E 1809.

Albion Fire & £ife Assnr. - - ■■ - <z\ pm.
Atlas Fire and Life ------- Put.

Eagle ditto, £50 shares - - £46 per sltarc
Globe ditto ----- £1 17 a 113 p. ct.

Hope ditto - - - - - 5s. 37s. per sh. pin.

Imperial ditto - - - £4 per ct. pin.

Rock Life Ass. ----- 4s. per sh. pm.

Kent Fire Office £6opersh.

West Country - - £10 10 a 11 0 pr. sh.
Commercial Dock Stock - £134* pr. cent.
East Conntry ditto ------ ]g. pm.

East India ditto - - - - 128 0 per cent.

West India ditto ----- J75 0 ditto.

London ditto ----- 119 a 120 ditto.

Grand Junction Canal Shares l6s a 168 p. sh.
Grand Sony ------- 80 0do

Grand Trunk (or Trent and Mersey) 1000 0 a

1050 0 do.

FORTUNE & Co. Stock-Brokers and
general Agents, 1 3, Cornhill,

Keunett & Aton ditto - - - £23 0 "pr. sh.
Chelsea Water-Weiks - - - 17 10 pr. sh.
Kent ditto --------120 pm..

East London ditto - - - - - - 51gs. do.

South ditto -------- 4og». do,-

West Middlesex ditto ----- j^ 0 do.

British Ale Brewery - - - - 2gs a 3 0 da.

Goldcn-I.ar.e Brewery original 50/.

share* 70 0 per sh.

Ditto original 80/. shares - - - 96 0 do,
London Institution - - - - - 94 0 do.

Surrey ditto -------- - par.

Covent Garden new Theatre £.100 stih-

seripfion shares - - - - 20gs. a^24gs. pm.

Rauela^h Company - - - - 400 0 pr. sh.

Auction Mart - - - - - 25 0 to 36 o de.

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b LEWIS, WOLFE, and Co.

Change Alley.

Agents, 13, Cornhill, Change Al

Printtdrfvr'R.. ACRPRMAJf If, by Uanison ^Rutttr, 373, Strand.

THE

Beposttorp

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE.

Manufactures, Fashions, and Politics,

For AUGUST, 1809.

2D&e CigtKrj dumber.

EMBELLISHMENTS.

PAGE

1. Portrait of Charles Lotus, Archduke of Austria 87

2. Partridge, by Howitt 106

3. Engraving of the Gold and Silver Medals offered for Communications

to the Repository of Arts , . 109

4. Ladies' Walking Dress 118

5. Promenade Dress 119

6. Messrs. Morgan and Sanders's Ware-Room 122

7. Ladies' Toilet, Footstool, Fauteuil, &c 13i2

8. Allegorical Wood-cut, with real Patterns of British Manufactures . ib,

CONTENTS.

FACE
69

On Splendour of Colours, by Juninus
Observations on Old Age . . .
Directions for t»ie Breeding and Ge-
neral Treatment of Canary-Birds 77
Extracts from the Correspondence of

a celebrated Physician .... 80
Sixth Letter from Italy .... 81
Particulars of the Life of Charles
Louis, Archduke of Austria . . 87

Letter from Amelia 91

Fifth Letter on the Waste of Agri-
cultural Produce ..... 96
Description of the Ibis of the ancient

Egyptians 99

Extraordinary Adventures of a Sheep 101
Account of Mr Edward Troughton's
new Method of dividing Astrono-
mical Instruments by ocular In-
spection 103

British Sports — the Partridge . .106
Description of the Gold and Silver
Medals offered for Communica-
tions to the Repository of Arts . 109
Intelligence, Literary, Scientific, &c. 1 10

page
Review of new Publications . . .114

Musical Review 116

Fashions for Ladies 118

Second Letter from a young Lady in

London to her Sister in the Country 1 1 9
Messrs. Morgan & Sanders's Ware-
room, Catherine-street . . .122
Public Amusements — late Drury-

Lane Theatre 123

The English Opera 124

Hay market Theatre- -King's Theatre 125
Circus— Sadler's Wells . . . .126

Catalani's Concert 127

Retrospect of Politics ib.

Medical Report 131

Agricultural Report ib.

Fashionable Furniture . . . .132
Allegorical Wood-cut, with Patterns ib.

Poetry . - 1 133

Bankrupts and Dividends . . . .135

London Markets 138

Prices of Stocks 139

Meteorological Journal . . . . 1 40
Prices of Companies' Shares . , » it.

TO OUR READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.

We earnestly solicit communications (post-paid) from professors of the Arts in ge-
neral, as well as authors, respecting works which they may have in hand. The evident
advantages which must accrue to both from the more extensive publicity that will be
given to their productions through the medium of the Repository, needs only to be men-
tioned, we conceive, to induce them to favour us with such information, which shall
always meet with the most prompt attention.

The proprietor of the Repository begs leave to direct the attention of his readers to
the extraordinary quantity of letter-press and engravings contained in the present
Number. He is confident they will give him credit when he assures them, that nothing
but a very extensive sale could enable him to give more than half a sheet of letter-press
and two plates beyond the usual quantity, and that too at a time when the price of pa-
per, printing, and engraving, has reached an unprecedented height.

Judex has our thanks for his long epistle, and the hints which h« has communicated.
A table of Meteorological Observations taken at Manchester, if regularly continued,
would be highly acceptable, as it would furnish our scientific readers with a medium
of comparison between that place and London. Any productions of his pen will be
gratefully received, and for that on Boiling Tar tve shall be particularly obliged to him.

Look-Forward's suggestion is under consideration, and will probably be adopted.

The Examination of the Question relative to the Origin of the Medicean Venus, is
intended for our next Number.

From the press of matter we have been obliged to defer the review of various books.

We once for all request that authors and publishers xvould transmit such works as
are designed for the Repository, at as early a period of the month as possible, other-
wise they cannot be noticed.

The Reflections on the Exhibition are inadmissible. The pages of the Repository
shall never be made a vehicle for the effusions of private pique.

Dr. W.'s interesting Account of Quebec shall appear in our next.

Clarinda's Hints have been taken into consideration, and tve have made such ar-
rangements, that we shall soon be able to gratify the ivishes of herself and her friends

We have to apologize to the author of the ingenious method of calculating interest
at 5 per cent, whose communication, through an inadvertence of the printer, has been
introduced at p. 11 5, among the Reviews of New Publications,, instead of being placed
among the Original Essays.

THE

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE,
Manufactures^ Fashions^ and Politics^

For AUGUST, 1809.

SOje <2%t)dj jfiumhtv.

-The suffrage of the wise,

The praise that's worth ambition, is attain'd
By sense alone, and dignity of mind.

Armstrong.

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS, &c— By Juninus.
(Continued from page 433, Vol. I.)

LETTER IV.

Mr. Editor,
Mr. Pope answered, " You tell
me what I ought to do, but you've
not given me your opinion of my
picture : I know it's very bad, and
it gets every day worse and worse :
I am very sure it looked a deal bet-
ter three or four days ago. Tell
me the reason of this, and why the
paint peels olfiu some places."

Mr. Jervas replied — " Colours
change in drying ; they get duller —
some more, some less. Greens fade
a great deal — asphallum gets much
darker and heavier, &c. &c. Of
the rest, we should make allowance
for these changes ; so that the pic-
ture should not seem right when
first painted, but should sink, fade,

No, VIII. Vol. II.

or dry to (he hues required. The
reason it peels off, is, you've painted
a coat of colour over an under one
before it has dried and hardened,
and the force of your brush has
rubbed it off. You should go over
(or muddle) your colours as little
as possible. A painter ought, to
study the nature of colours — have
some knowledge of chemistry —
should know what colours are trans-
parent, and how much so — what
opaque, &c. — what dry soon, such
as umber ; and what won't, such
as lake, brown, pink, &c. These
last should be mixed with drying
oil. All colours made from vege-
tables, such as lake and brown pink,
are apt to fly ; all from metals.

70 ON SPLEXDOUR Of COLOURS,

such as white lead and verdi<rrease

&c.

are apt to change ; but all earths,
such as the ochre and umber, &c.
stand well. Clean your pallet when
done with, with spirits of turpen-
tine— also your brushes, and try to
paint without dirtying yourself with
the colours. The knowledge of a
number of trifles such as these, con-
tributed to give Titian, Giorgione,
the Bassani, Udini, Pordononi, Tin-
toret, Paul Veronese, Rubens, Rem-
brandt, and many others, great ad-
vantages over those who do not
study such things. — Mr. Pope, I
thank you for these excellent lines
which you have lately addressed to
me ; and I particularly admire,

" Oh! lasting as those colours may they shine,
« fYee from thy stroke, yet faultless as thy

line :
" New graces yearly like thy works display —
" Soft without weakness, without glaring gay :
" Led by some rule that guides, but not con-
strains,
" And hnish'd more through happiness than
pains."

A person that writes on the- arts
for the instruction of novices, must
of necessity write a deal of the
A B C of the profession ; such as,
that blue and yelloxv mixed, make
green ; blue and red, purple ; yel-
low and red, orange; black and
ichite, lead colour, &c. Several
books teach a deal of this : The
Handmaid to the Arts, upon the
nature of colours ; Sir Isaac New-
ton's Theory of Colours ; a book
lately published, called Conversa-
tions on Chemistry ; the plates
engraved by Wilson Lowry, who
is the best engraver in this way ;
Gerard de Lairesse's book, which
describes justly what colours set off
each other best ; Tlios. Bardweli's
book on the mixing of colours ;
Massoul's Treatise on Painting and
the Composition of Colours, to be
had at Ackermann's ; J. Russell on

crayon painting, which system he
learned from his master, Francis
Cotes, who was the best crayon
painter in this country, and little
inferior to the celebrated Venetian
lady, Rosalba. Cotes died at Rich-
mond-Hill, in the year 1770; and
Russell at Hull (whither he went
for a little time), and was buried
there in April, 1806.

" Youthful genius !

" Ah ! ever, or early lost !"

I would have introduced to fame
a young woman of real genius, Miss '

Kitty ; admirable for her beauty,

esteemed for her virtues, respected
for her abilities, and loved for her
manners and social qualities. As a
paintress, she probably would have
been another Rosalba, and had an
excellent taste for music. The pub-
lic never knew her, and now she
sleeps. One day in health, &c. as
the poet writes —

" At dawn, Cleora dane'd and sung —
" The amorous youth around her bow'd :

" At night her doleful knell was rung —
" I saw and kiss'd her in her shroud."

And now I am going to write her
epitaph, which 1 copied, as one that
suited her qualities, at Pancras :

" Go, spotless honour and unsullied truth ;
" Go, smiling innocence and blooming youth ;
" Go, female sweetness, joiu'd with manly

sense ;
" Go, winning wit, that never gave offence ;
" Go, soft humanity, that blest the poor;
" Go, saint-ey'd patience, from affliction's

door ;
" Go, modesty, that never wore a frown ;
" Go, lirtue, and receive thy heavenly erotun.
" IVot from a stranger comes this burst of

verse —
" A friend inscribes thy tomb, whose tears

bedew'd tby hearse."

Here also I would introduce the
names of kindred spirits that, like
her, were very interesting in their
appearance ; of gentle minds, and
endowed with genius, and, like her,
cut oil" in the morning of life':

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS, &C.

.Toll ii Grecnhill, William Doughty,
Geo. Maxwell, John Hodges Ben-
well,Thos. Proctor, and Thos.Kirk.

The first was pupil to Sir Peter
Lely, and died about the age of
twenty-three, the century before
last ; the others, not long since,
were resident in London. Doughty
was pupil to Sir Joshua Reynolds,
and was nearly as good a painter.
He sometimes,- to amuse himself,
made a few plates in mezzotinto,
which, for the tone, are the best.
His prints are, Ariadne — a naked
Child asleep — Portraits of Admiral
Keppel and Dr. Johnson ; all from
Sir Joshua. He died aged about 24.

Maxwell has left very little ; he
died, aged about 22, of a fever.
There is a long account of this
young artist in the Lives of eminent
Men.

Benwell died about the same a<re,
22. Very little of his is before the
public — his pieces are much prized.
Mr. West has an excellent Venus
by him, on which he has written
his name and age. He drew a lit-
tle for prints : his Jamie taking
leave of Jenny, from the ballad of
Old Robin Gray ; and its compa-
nion, Jenny lamenting the Absence
of her Ijorer : A Girl selling Fruit
at the Theatre, Drury-lane ; and
the St. James's and St. Giles's
Beauty — all engraved by Francis
Hirtolozzi, may often be seen in the
print-shops. Benwell died of a
decline.

Proctor was a little older than the
last. Very little also remains by
him : he received the gold medal
for painting at the Royal Academy,
and exhibited the best sculptures
there. Neither Proctor nor Max-
well were bred to the arts.

Kirk was also a little older : he

painted for the Shakspeare Gallery,
and Macklin's Poets, and was the
best designer for book prints in this
country, next to Stothard. He died
of a decline. I have seen a print to
a book, of an elegant female weep-
ing over the grave of Kirk, at Pan-r
eras, by moonlight ; his inscripr
tion is engraved on the tomb-stone,
and in the book was poetry to his
memory — I have not read it.

Besides Kirk, at Pancras ciiurch-
3rard, lie the! remains of Benwell;
also those of Woollett, Ravcnet,
and Byrne, the engravers. In the
church, facing the pulpit, is a mo-
nument to the memory of that ce-
lebrated portrait-painter and mu-
sician, Samuel Cooper, adorned
with his pallet and brushes, musi-
cal instruments, &c.

I have a number of papers left

me by Kitty , shewing her

method of studying colouring, &c.
in which she excelled, some of
which I will transcribe in this let-.
ter. But previous to that, 1 will
conclude this small tribute to de-
parted worth, by extracting a few
lines from a poem, which Mrs.
Aphra Behn, who was the best poet-
ess in this country, wrote to the
memory of Green-hill, In these
lines she describes the characters
of all those I have mentioned above.

" Greeubill was generous as a god,

" Distributing his bounties al! around ;

" And sort and gentio as a love-sick maid.

" Great master of the noblest mystery

" That ever happy knowledge did inspire:

" Sacred as that of poetry,

" And which the wondering world did equally

admire.
" So bold, yet soft, his touches were —
" So sound each part, so sweet and fair5
" That as his pencil niov'd, methought it

press'd
" The lively, imitating, rising breast,
" Which yields like clouds where little angeils

rest.

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS, &C.

" The limbs all easy, as his temper was,

" Strong as his mi. id, and manly too ;

" Large as his soul his fancy was, and new,

" And from himself he copied every grace,

" For he had all that could adorn a face —

** All that could either sex subdue :

w Each excellence he had that youth has jn

its pride,
" And all experiencM age could teach ;
" At once the vigorous tire of this,
" And every virtue which that could express,
" Id all the heights that Loth could reach :
" And yet, alas ! in this perfection died !
" Lropt like a blossom with the northern blast,
*' When all the scattered leaves abroad are cast,
" As quick &p if his fate had been in haste.
" So have I seen au unfix1 d star
" Outshine the rest of all the numerous train;
" Dart swiftly from his darkened sphere,
" And ne'er shall light the world again."

Perhaps before I proceed, I should
give some account of Miss Kitty.
She was born in London, April 15,
1788. Both her parents dying before
she was seven years of age, she came
under the care of her maternal grand-
father, who sent her to a boarding-
school in Hertfordshire. She died
suddenly in London, on Friday af-
ternoon, at five o'clock, July 22,
1808, and was buried on the 27ih
of the same month, aged twenty
years three months and a week.

She was always of a reflective,
studious turn. At the seminary there
was a small library of select books
for the use of the young ladies that
were inclined to avail themselves of
this instructive amusement. 1 have
heard her say, that hither site would
often retire for several hours, and
when about twelve years of age,
took great delight in perusing some
works which much contributed to
inform and strengthen her mind;
some of Richardson's novels3 Cla-
rissa Ilarloioe, Pamela, and Sir C.
Grandison — Lady Mary YVorily
Montagu's Letters — Burke on the
Sublime and Beautiful — and Watts
on the Improvement of the Mind.

She was particularly partial to Lady
Montagu's Letters, which she used
to say every young person ought to
read that would attain to literature.
I have by me many extracts from
this work, written by herself, of sub-
jects which she proposed to draw
and paint at some future time. She
was doatingly in love with the Turk-
ish Fatima mentioned in these let-
ters. Her grandfather dying in
1802, she Left the school, and having
an aunt, a widow, who was not much
favoured by fortune, but sensible,
mild, and inoffensive, she raised her
to independence. A house was taken,
which seemed to belong to this rela-
tion, whilst the power secretly re-
mained in the hands of the niece ;
and this power I never knew her in
a single instance to abuse. She in-
herited four hundred poundsayear,
which she used to receive in April
and October, at the Bank. She
used to go in at a door in Bartholo-
mew-lane, and return with iorty £5
notes in her pocket-book. She used
to say, u These small notes can ea-
sily be changed." " They're con-
venient," as 1 observed. Thus she
had power in her hands, without
seeming to have it. Situated as she
was with her aunt, she remained
obscure, and saw without being seen
— she knew, and yet remained un-
known. She was particularly fond
of the arts, especially painting,
which she cultivated herself with
unwearied diligence. Lately, she
was frequently even at collections,
exhibitions, and sales of pictures
such as Christie's, Greenwood's,
and Robins's. In the winter she
wore a dark brown pelisse, very
long, as high as tlie top of her
ears, and almost covering her ange-
lic features, She was unassuming,

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS, &C.

and did not attract much observa-
tion, though she was really very
eccentric. In the dusk of the even-
ing- she would often go out with a
dress so equivocal, with her long
great-coat buttoned close round her, j
that it could scarcely be known if
she was man or woman ; yet, if very
rigidly examined, there was no im-
propriety in this dress. She used
io say, this dress contributed to
safety. She had talents for a most
excellent actress, and could humour
any character. In short, she was a
real genius — a tenth muse.

" A romantic sentimental trace
" Was strongly marked in her face;
f* A wildly witty rustic grace

f Shone full upon her;
" Her eye, e'en hent on empty space,

" Beam'd keen with honour.1'

When she was an infant she
shewed a strong propensity to the
arts ; in her fourth year she began
by forming figures and landscapes
with her ringer en some windows
that were whitened, in her father's
house, to keep outside passengers
from looking in. She very early
learnt to imitate or copy. When
she was about fourteen, she read
Richardson, \VinkcImann,DuFres-
noy, Algarotti? Webb, Da Vinci,
and some others, on the arts ; also
Reynolds's Lectures ; and used to
make extracts, which she method-
ized, and classed in books. When

she was about fifteen, I remember
she went one day to a stationer's,
and said, " Sir, I want sixteen
quires of paper to write upon." —
The man said, " I think you will
have enough , miss ! " She answered,
" Make thein into eight books, two
quires in each." These she divided
each into about six classes, by which
she had fifty, and thus wrote nearly
the same sort of things together, and
could easily find them when want-
ed : perhaps in one, genius, subli-
mity; in another, colouring, &c.
By this method, she more casiiy
attained a knowledge of what the
best authors had written on the re-
spective classes ; and what by other
means she could accumulate, she
always had paper to write down and
insert in their places. She wrote
on pieces of paper, the names of
celebrated artists, when they were
born, where, whose pupil, &c.
These she used to stick up with a
pin over the mantle-piece in her
study, and in the winter-time, often
warm and improve herself at the
same time, as some persons learn
geography. I have a great number
of these papers in my possession,
written by herself, and will now and
then copy some in this letter, &c.
The following is copied verbatim
from one of her early papers :

TWENTY CELEBRATED COLOURISTS.

Name.

Born.

IV here.

Died aged.

Pupils.

Titian . .

1477 •

Cadora, near Venice

99 • •

Tintoret and the elder Palma

(Giorgione .

1177 •

. Trevjsano, near Venice

34 . .

Gudina

Pordonone .

14S4 .

Pordonone, near Venice

. 5b' . .

porregio

1494 .

C'oirigo, near Modena

Holbein .

149S .

Basil, Switzerland . .

. 50

Elder Palma

1508 .

. Serenatte, near Venice .

. 48 .

Younger Palma

Bassano .

1510 .

Trcvisano, near Venice

. 82 .

His four Sons

BillTOL'llio i

. U rhino

. 84

lUuiiai.o \

1528
! 1532 .

Paul Veronese

. Verona

, 5!>

OBSERVATIONS ON OLD AGE.

Name- Born.

M.A.Carraraggio 1'>6q

1577 •
1594 .
1606 .

1635
1659

1684
1<5S5

1685

Where. Died aged.

Carravaggio 40 . C

Bologna Gj . 2

Seville 66

Near Leyden 6-2 .

Lisle 64

Leydeu 46

Rotterdam 68

Valenciennes 37

Hamburg ..... 62

Pupils.
Vandyke, Jordacns,
Eider Tenicrs, Diepenback

Rubens .
Velasquez
Rembrandt
Baptist
Fr. My eves
Vanderwcrf
Watteau
Deuner . .
John Van ~)
Huysum \

N. B. The most celebrated pupils of all these masters might easily be inserted, but thu

above is a correct copy.

G. Douw

Laneret aud Paterre

Amsterdam

By this trifling- extract, she also
observed that Titian and Giorgione,
the two best colonrists, both fellow-
pupils to Gio. Bellino, were born
in the same 3'ear, 332 years ago —
Rubens just 100 years after; Bar-
rochio and Mutiano the same year
also as each other ; Baptist and F.
Mycres, and those two high finish-
ers, Denner and Van Huysum. As
for their pupils, the circumstance of
their being pupils nearly fixes their
dates.

These, and such observations,
when viewing collections, &c." sug-
gested numbers of useful and amus-

ing reflections, which greatly in-
creased the pleasure of contemplat-
ing pictures ; and she used to note
what merits are ascribed to the
painters by writers, and observe
herself if their observations were
just. In old pictures, where the
paint was off, she was very assidu-
ous in examining the under colours,
especially if formerly glazed ; and
made a number of reflections and
rules, some of which are unknown
to most painters, which I will soon
begin to copy from her papers now
in my possession.

Juninus,

OBSERVATIONS ON OLD AGE.

Of every period in life, that of
old age is the most subject to pain
and anxiety ; the powers of both
the body and mind become weak
and languid, and a superior degree
of resignation is required to prevent
the mind, at an advanced season of
life, from acquiring that peevish-
ness and moroseness occasioned by
a disposition to view things on their
dark side. Some individuals give
into a contrary extreme, and forming
a mistaken idea of the unloveliness
of age, affect the levity of youth :
but they who are early accustomed
to reading, reflection, and rational

amusements, will find themselves
enabled to render the winter of their
days calm and pleasant. Music,
drawing, and a knowledge of the
fine arts, with a graceful deport-
ment, an elegance in the style of
dancing, and a taste for dress, form
a pleasing part of a modern lady's
education. Perhaps nothing has
more power to quell tumultuous
passions, to relieve the mind, and
to harmonize the soul, than music,
which, in the words of the poet,

" Has charms to sooth the savage breast,

" To soften rocks, or bend the knotted oak."

OBSERVATIONS OX OLD AGE.

And as the inimitable Shakspeare
beautifully says,

" The man that hath no music in himself,
" Nor is not mov'd with concord of sweet

sounds,
a Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils."

They who possess the beautiful
art of drawing- from nature, cannot
well experience the dull vacuity
too often attendant on uninformed
minds: to them-, the shades of au-
tumn, the mellow tints which na-
ture at that season throws over her
declining charms, have equal power
to please with the blooming- verdure
of the cheerful spring*. The ruin
over which she lias cast her darkest
gloom, the craggy rock, the dis-
tant blue hills, the humble cottage,
or the rustic spire that peeps above
the grove, these fill the mind with
agreeable sensations. The heart
that can be thus amused, cannot, 1 I
conceive, be either vicious or ill j
employed. But the first great plea-
sure of human life, Which improves j
while it delights, is that of reading: j
to this most other amusements will
yield — 'tis this that expands the
soul, enlarges the ideas, and teaches
us to see men and manners in the
most pleasing point of view. Does
the pious and afflicted mind require
comfort and consolation? — let it
peruse the writings of some of our
eminent divines. And should it
entertain ideas of a happy retire-
ment from the world, and a life of
felicity in solitude? — let it study
the works of the immortal Zimmer-
man; it will then feel soothed and
relieved, and find a happiness even
in its own reflections.

By history, we learn the manners
of other nations ; and while we give
to the sons of Rome their due ap-
plause, we pay perhaps the tribute

of a tear to Afric's sable race : and
when contemplating the magnifi-
cence of an Asiatic monarch, we
pity the needy v, retch who treads
the burning sands of Arabia. Does
the mind seek amusement by lighter
studies ? — poetry will charm, while
it delights. Had all in their youth
been taught to look upon reading
as the most abundant source of plea-
sure, there would not be so many
contemptible beings, who, in their
grand climacteric, expose them-
selves to the pity of the thinking
part of the species, even of those
who are much younger in years, as
well as to the ridicule of the incon-
siderate.

in support of these arguments, I
will introduce two characters, name-
ly, that of Sarah and Priscilla9
leaving it to yourself and readers
to judge between them.

The youth of the artless and ami-
able Sarah passed with improve-
ment in a circle of select and pru-
dent friends, chosen as such by the
dictates of innocence and sincerity,
and endeared to her by their many
tokens of real affection. She had,
previous to a change of situation in
life, a sufficient intercourse with
the world to give that ease and po-
lish to the manners which is not to
be acquired in perpetual retirement.
Her marriage with a youthful, en-
lightened, and tender husband,
obliged her to move in the gayer
scenes of life. There, if beauty did
not gain her universal admiration,
her simple, but elegant deportment,
her amiable disposition, and sweet-
ness of temper, wanned every vir-
tuous heart in her favour, and
struck the malevolent temper of
envy dumb. Weil might the ex-
cellent idea of Milton be applied to

OBSERVATIONS ON OLD AGE,

her, when lie emphatically ex-
claims,

-'• So dear to heaven is sainted chastity,
" That when a soul is found sincerely so,
" A thousand livery'd angels lat<juey her,
" Driving far oil' each thing of sin and guilt.'"

Far different were the pursuits of
Priscilla. Accustomed, from Iter
earliest days, to the flattery of ser-
vants and fawning dependants, she
fancied herself a second Helen :
her reigning passion centered in
dress, shew, admiration, and de-
ception : indeed, so perfect was she
in all tiic arts of the latter fashion-
able accomplishment, that she could
move the smiles or tears of many of
Iter acquaintances at pleasure ; yet
those who well considered her ge-
neral character, would, with ex-
pressive silence, reflect within their
own minds,

*' Smooth runs the water where the brook is

deep,
*{ While, in her simple shew, she harbours

treason."

Priscilla, for the sake of a small
income, sacrificed her youth and
happiness to an aged husband,
whose military occupations, and his
wife's extravagance, soon caused
her to separate from him, and to
retire within the domestic circles of
her father's family, there to seek a
protection and supportdenied to her
from the selfish choice she had made,
added to her imprudence. Time
and dissipation had destroyed her
small share of beauty, yet she
would still vie with the daughters
of folly and fashion, and endeavour
to outshine them ; but in the breast
of virtue, she could raise no other
sensation than that of pity or con-
tempt. No longer is she an ob-
ject of envy to any person — no
longer can she hear the soothing-

voice of flattery ; the young ridt-*
cule her, while the old despise her.
She cannot look forward with plea-
sure, because she cannot reflect
upon the past with comfort. De-
voured with spleen, envy, and ill-
nature, all avoid her, leaving her
to drag out her days with the re-
flection, that she knows not one
heart that can lament or pity her
fate.

The happy, pious, and constant
Sarah, enjoys every comfort arising
from a virtuous heart and a well-
spent life : by her husband she is
literally idolized, and by people of
all ranks and ages her company is
solicited, for her conversation is
at once pleasing, cheerful, and in-
structive. Her religion is not of
an austere kind, but the dear com-
panion of her private hours, it
enables her to instruct the unim-
proved, and to cheer the heart borne
down with affliction : her charity
is not displayed with ostentation^
for it is genuine philanthropy, and
exercised on its objects in a man-
ner equally private and just. Thus
she cannot appear without exciting
the most pleasing sensations in every
breast where virtue has taken up
its abode.

Let the young and gay, there-
fore, reflect, that a youth spent in
folly, idleness, deception, and dis-
sipation, cannot fail of making an
old age of pain, anguish, and de-
spair : let them keep in remem*
brance the fate of Priscilla; and,
by the exertion of every virtue,
be as happy and beloved, as the
pious, deserving, and truly amiable
Sarah.

J. H. R.

Sudbury, Suffolk, May 12, 1808.

DIRECTIONS FOR THE BREEDING AND GENERAL
TREATMENT OF CANARY^&IRDS.

TO THE

Sir,

I am particularly fond of ca-
nary-birds, and have lately found,
in a Latin poem, by M. Clairam-
foaut, on the subject of these pretty
creatures, so much useful informa-
tion respecting their diet, that I
think you will confer an obligation
on all the lovers of those charming
birds, by introducing into your
Repository the following, extract
from that piece, which, in my opi-
nion, will not disgrace your elegant
miscellany.

The island of Canary, where
reigns a perpetual spring, is said to
have been formerly the retreat of
Venus, who took up her abode there
with the Loves and Sports, and even
preferred this place to Paphos it-
self. The soil is excellent, and un-
commonly fertile. The flowers there
spring up under your feet without
cultivation ; the island is refreshed
by the must pleasant western breezes;
the air is incessantly impregnated
with perfumes ; the country pro-
duces all the delicacies that the
imagination of the poets ever in-
vented ; and on this account it has
been distinguished by the appella-
tion of the Fortunate Island.

In this island formerly lived a
nymph, who surpassed all the rest
of her sex in beauty. She was called
Achantis, and was married to a
youth named Spinus. Both were of
the same age, and both were re-
markable for their beautiful hair,
which loosely flowed over their
shoulders. They sung, with much
grace, songs replete with tender-
ness. On a festival held in honour

No. VIII. Vol. II.

EDITOR.

of Venus, and celebrated with sports
and dancing, this couple went, out
of curiosity, into the temple of
the goddess : tiicy thence passed
into the enchanted gardens, where
long rows of mjTtlcs formed de-
lightful covered alleys ; but they
joined not in the wanton dances
which the deity required of her vo-
taries. They were not accustomed
to sing lewd songs ; and while the
air resounded with the licentious
strains of the others, they alter-
nately chanted the praises of virtue.
When the goddess heard them, she
was astonished at songs so chaste :
she looked round about the whole
garden. " Whatextraordinary tones
are these ?" said she. " Have J in
vain banished modesty and chas-
tity from these retreats ? Am I to
be defied Avith impunity in my own
domains?" Quite exasperated, she
ordered her son to take iiis weapons,
and to subdue those rebellious hearts.
He obeyed. The unfortunate pair
betook themselves to flight. Achan-
tis being closely pursued by Cupid,
invoked the assistance of the gods.
Her wish was granted : the gods
transformed her into a little bird,
which still bears the name of the
nymph. Spinus lamented the loss
of his wife, and implored the gods
to unite him to her again. His
prayer was also heard : he was.
changed into a bird of an ash-grey
colour ; but Achantis, on the con-
trary, was covered with bright yel-
low feathers. Such is the origin of
the two different species of canary-
birds. They retained, after their
metamorphosis, their former nro
M

BREEDING AM) TREATMENT OF CANARY-BIRDS.

desfy and fondness for singing, and
filled this favoured country with
their strains. — We shall now com-
municate some serious observations
respecting this elegant race of the
feathered creation.

The different varieties of canary-
birds may easily be distinguished
from each other. Some have grey
wings, and this species is reckoned
the most common : their voice is
strong and harsh. Others are of a
bright yellow, and their tones are
weaker and softer. A third spe-
cies is speckled yellow and grey :
these are in the greatest request, be-
cause their notes are neither too
strong nor too weak. They arc the
produce of a cock and a hen of the
two first varieties.

The sexes may be distinguished
by the difference of their song. The
note of the female is weak ; she
never keeps up a continued melody,
but utters only an interrupted cry.
The tones of the cock are stronger,
his breath longer, and his song more
melodious.

When they have reached their
tenth year, and old age comes on,
their strength forsakes them, and
they become weak and sickly : they
are always chilly, and lose their
feathers, so that at length they are
almost entirely naked : hard scales
succeed in their stead, and thick
hoofs are formed underneath their
claws. The bird then remains con-
tinually at the bottom of the cage,
avoids his mates, droops Ii is wings,
and conceals his head under them ;
his strains lose all the charms and
melody which they before pos-
sessed.

In the prime of their youth, they
arc very proud of their beauty ;
and if a mirror is hung up in their

cage, thoy immediately go to if,
admire themselves with astonish-
ment, and immediately arrange with
their bills such feathers as are dis-
composed.

It is at this time that they sing
the most : their accents resemble,
or rather surpass, those of the night-
ingale. Sometimes they utter a
lively and confused, but yet agree-
able cry, and threaten to attack
each other with their bills. These,
and their claws, are the weapons
with which they decide their dis-
putes.

With respect to the food of these
birds, canary and rape-seed mixed
ought to be given them every morn-
ing at sun-rise ; and when they
seem no longer to like it, a little
sugar may be added. Some lettuce
leaves, duckweed, groundsel, and
biscuit, may likewise be given
them, to strengthen their stomach
and restore their appetite : the
latter, however, must be given but
very sparingly, for fear of over-
heating them.

Canary-birds are liable to fever.
In this case, it is necessary imme-
diately to examine what may have
caused it, and have recourse to an-
tidotes. It is easy to perceive, by
the dulness of the bird, that he is
unwell. When they have the fe-
ver, and the little protuberance upon
the tail is swoln, they become fee-
ble and silent, or at least utter only
a few occasional tones of complaint.
It is then necessary to cut off the
little protuberance; but this ope-
ration must be performed very
adroitly, otherwise they often die
of the wound alone. If a bird is at-
! tacked with a mortal disease, he
must immediately be separated from
! his mates, and put into a separate

BREEDING AND TREATMENT OF C AN A It Y-BI R »S.

cage, that he may not infect the
others. Sometimes the eyes only
are affected, and a white membrane
grows over the pupil, so as to de-
prive the bird of sight. This ma-
lady is incurable. These animals
are often afflicted with epilepsy,
and drop down as if they were dead.
In such cases, their legs should be
rubbed with warm sweet oil. It is
not uncommon for a cock that has
lost his mate, to die soon after her,
having first announced her death
in tones of the deepest affliction.

The canaries moult every year in
autumn, at which time they lose
all their feathers. The ca^e should
then be kept in the room, that they
may not be exposed to the cold.
Nothing of a cooling nature, espe-
cially lettuce, must then be given
them, as it would occasion their
death. They require warmth ; and
their stomach being weak, they
should be supplied only with such
food as is easy of digestion. Atten-
tion should likewise be paid to keep
up their internal warmth : their
food should be made lukewarm, and
nothing given them but what is ca-
pable of imparting warmth. Espe-
cial care must at this time betaken
of the young brood, against whom
this disease seems to direct all its
rage : numbers of them are carried
olf by this scourge. While it lasts,
they are quite silent ; they all ap-
pear dull and melancholy, till at
length their feathers and their voice
return together.

Let us now consider the precau-
tions to be observed in rearing the
young birds. Spring is the pairing
season of the canaries, and they ce-
lebrate it by continual melody. You
must then put little baskets of osier,
or small wooden bowls, into the

cage, where the birds await the
return of spring, to make their
nests. For this purpose, feathers,
moss, hay, straw, and hair, must
be scattered about ; you will then
soon see how the two old ones Avill
fall to work with their claws and
bills to prepare a nest for their ten-
der brood. When they have not
moss enough, they often pull out
their own feathers, which they ar-
range with great ingenuity in the
basket.

When the hen has laid her eggs,
she remains continually sitting upon
the nest. The cock is then ex-
tremely uneasy lest his mate should
be weary of sitting and leave the
eggs, which would soon lose at once
both warmth and life. When she is
hungry, he brings her food, which,
he puts into her bill with his own.
When she is tired of sitting, he
takes her place, covers the eggs
with his wings, and warms them
till the hen comes to relieve him.
It is necessary to supply them fre-
quently with food of a warming na-
ture, that the mother may retain
sufficient heat to hatch the eggs.
After sitting a fortnight, the young
make their appearance ; and if no
accident happens, there are five,
for a larger number is never pro-
duced from one sitting. While the
parents manifest their joy, the young
begin to open their mouths and de-
mand nourishment. You then take
some crumbled biscuit mixed with
yolk of egg ; add a sufficient quan-
tity of water to moisten if, and put
some of this pap into their bills with
a small spatula. When they have
grown bigger, they must be accus-
tomed to peck rape-seed, which is
to be mixed with their usual food,
as soon as their s'omao ] tare capa-
M 2

CORRESPONDENCE OF A CELEBHATCD PHYSICIAN*

ble of taking this stronger kind of
nourishment.

When they begin to be fledged,
and acquire their first feathers, they
must be taken out. of the cage and
put into another, as the parents fre-
quently make preparations about
that time for a new brood. This
never happens more than five times,
after which they cease to pair. —
When the young are not taken away
in time, the mother often strips
them of their feathers for a new
nest, and thus contributes to their
speedy destruction.

I knew an old gentleman in the
country who had learned, from long
experience, how to treat these ani-
mals, lie reared all sorts of birds
for his amusement : he went regu-
larly to feed them every morning,
and they knew and saluted him
with joyful songs. He cleaned their
cage, supplied them with the pu-
rest water, and gave to each bird
its appropriate food ; for canaries
require an infinite number of atten-

tions. He often played to them-
on the flageolet, and they earnestly
listened to his music. Sometimes
he suspended in the cage, feathers,
pieces of paper, or cards of different
colours, which they played with,
and moved backward and forward
with their claws and bills. Now
and then he suffered them to fly
about the room, on which they
would perch on his shoulders and
hat, and scratch his head with their
claws. Some would peck at his
lips, and eat rape-seed out of his
hand : some flew to him, singing
all the time ; pecked at his fingers
when he irritated them ; crept into
his bosom and clothes ; returned to
his hand when he called them ;
hopped from one finger to another ;
and testified, in a thousand ways,
the natural attachment and artificial
confidence which they felt for their
master.

I am your's, &c.

Philachantis.

EXTRACTS FROM THE CORRESPONDENCE OF A
CELEBRATED PHYSICIAN.

TO DR.

Sir,

I request your opinion respect-
ing a disagreeable affair which I
have had with a quack, who pre-
tended to possess an elixir which
was an infallible specific for every
kind of disease. I was attacked
with a fever, and sent for this fellow.
After I had asked him upon his
conscience if his medicine would
afford me relief, he protested most
solemnly that it would effect a
speedy cure, and offered men glass
oi it : he swore that it had cost hi in
a hundred guineas, but that out of

regard for me, though he had never
seen me before in all his life, he
would let me have it for fifty. I
was very ill indeed, and paid him
the money, but upon condition that
the medicine should infallibly give
me relief. He ordered me to fast
three days before I took it, and in
that time the fever subsided of itself.
As the medicine was consequently
of no use to me I sent it back to him,
demanding my money again; but
the impudent rascal returned me
for answer, that he was sorry I had
I got rid of the fever too early ; but

SIXTH LETTER PROM ITALY.

that I must keep the medicine, as
he assured me that it would inevi-
tably cure the very first disorder by
which I might happen to be attack-
ed. I have a good mind to go to
law with him about it, but should

first like to have your opinion of
the matter. A\rIiat say you ? ought
he not to return me my money ?
I am your's, &c.

Credulus.

THE DOCTOR'S ANSWER.

Sir,

You paid the fifty guineas for
your simplicity, and not for the
medicine. Commence no legal pro-
ceedings against the quack, that
you may not be obliged to pay for
them into the bargain. As you seem
to be unacquainted with the law
relative to such cases, I will tell you
how a monarch himself once decided
a similar dispute. 1 am not sure
whether it was Francis I. or some
other king of France, but that is of
no consequence. Being in want of
money, he procured it of the old ava-
ricious Cardinal Marcellus, and, ac-
cording to the account of Melanch-
ton, who was very well acquainted
with the cardinal, in the following
manner : The king caused a report
of the death of Pope Paul to be pro-
pagated by a courier who had ar-
rived with dispatches from Rome.
He sent for the cardinal, whom he
knew to be very ambitious, and ex-
tremely anxious to obtain the papal
dignity, and acquainted him with
this report. The cardinal immedi-
ately represented to the king the
great advantages that would accrue

to himself and his dominions, if a
man who was his friend were eleva-
ted to the vacant chair. " True,"
replied the king ; " and what would
you say if we could place yourself
in it ?"

The cardinal manifested his wish
for the fulfilment of this proposal.
"But," continued his majesty, "this
cannot be accomplished without
money, and I have none at present.
The cardinal offered two tons of
gold. " That will do," replied the
king, "and I will add a like sum."
— The next letters that arrived,
brought intelligence that the pope
was yet living, and had never been
indisposed. The cardinal related
the circumstance to the king, and
requested his money to be returned.
" I will severely reprimand my am-
bassador," replied the monarch ;
" but as to the money, if the pope
be not dead yet, only have patience,
he must die some time or oilier."

As for you, sir, if you are not
sick now, you may be some time or
other.

I am, &c.

Medicus.

LETTERS FROM ITALY.

LETTER VI.

Naples, May — , 1802.

My dear Friend,
The conclusion of my last epis-
tle will have appeared to you some-

what abrupt : the fact is, I felt tired
and unwell. Whether it was owing
to the fatigue of my Pompejan trip,
to the mcil aria I inhaled there, or

SIXTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

to the shower wliicb overtook us on
our return to town, or to a combi-
nation of all these causes, I had no
sooner closed my letter than I was
assailed by febrile symptoms, which
seemed to prognosticate some seri-
ous disease. Thanks, I verily be-
lieve, to the salubrity of the Nea-
politan climate, a confinement of
two days removed the threatened
danger, and the very first resump-
tion of my pen shall be devoted to
the continuation of my antiquarian
narrative, firmly relying on your
indulgence, if, from the reason above
quoted, it shall turn out more brief
and defective than my former com-
munications.

Having, in my preceding letter,
consigned these unfortunate volca-
nic cities to a decent interment, and
added a few words by way of fu-
neral sermon, 1 forthwith proceed
to the more pleasing task of their
resuscitation.

Chance brought them all to light,
for the moderns were even ignorant
of their exact situation. Of this
you may convince yourself by con-
sulting Cluver, Cellarius, or any
early geographer of the last cen-
tury. Their present discovery,
however, was obviously not the first
attempt of that kind, since several
subterraneous galleries of careful
and laborious construction have
been met with, which were proba-
bly dug by the ancients themselves
at no very remote period from the
destruction, with the evident intent
to recover the most valuable part
of the overwhelmed property : and
an inscription found at Naples, al-
luding to statues recovered from
under-ground, undoubtedly alludes
to early researches of that nature*.

* Th'13 curious circumstance may also

DISCOVERY OF HERCULANEUM.

Not far from the royal palace of
Portici, and close to the sea-side.
Prince Elbeuf inhabited an elegant
villa in the beginning of the last
centur}r. To obtain a supply of
water, a well was dug through the
deep crust of lava on which the
mansion itself had been reared. The
labourers, after having pierced the
lava to a considerable depth, got
clear of it, arrived at the very stra-
tum of dry mud which, as I have
before stated, had caused the de-
struction of Herculaneum, and im-
mediately found three female sta-
tues. These were, in a manner,
the handsel of all future discoveries.
The difficulty as to the ownership
of the three ladies was readily solved
by the Austrian vice-regal govern-
ment. Res nullius est res princi~
pis! The Herculea proles marched
to Vienna, and poor Elbeuf had the
digging for his pains. But what
is more cruel, particularly to a man
of his nation, he received an order
not to dig fur any more ladies, a
sufficiency of that article being to
be met with above-ground. Not
that the government felt at all in-
clined to work the mine themselves,
only it was not deemed proper for
individual industry to reap that
benefit which public sloth had not
a mind to search for. Near forty
years elapsed before Herculaneum
was thought of again j In the reign
of the Spanish prince only, who
afterwards ascended the Castilian
throne under the name of Charles
the Third, and whose memory is
still blessed by every Neapolitan,
the researches after Herculaneum

enable us to account for the small quan-
tity of jewels, money, or precious me-
tals hitherto found.

SIXTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

were seriously and systematically
pursued, and rewarded with un-
looked-for success. By continuing
Elbeuf's well, the excavators at
once came into the theatre of that
town, and from that spot carried on
their further subterraneous investi-
gations. Even now, the theatre de-
rives light from the well above-
mentioned. To enumerate the ac-
tual discoveries here, would be in-
consistent with my plan : they will
be noticed in their proper place
hereafter. Let us at once proceed to

THE DISCOVERY OF POMPEJI.

If I recollect right, I have al-
ready noticed the different and less
fatal manner in which this city was
at once blotted from the face of the
earth. The light volcanic mould
abundantly spread over it, soon be-
came capable of cultivation, and
the unconscious husbandman reap-
ed from the fertile soil which co-
vered the roofs of the buildings,
rich crops of wine and grain. Not
a trace of even a ruin was to be
seen for many centuries, except a
fragment of an old wall, which had
constantly been supposed to have
been reared on the surface on which
it was thought to stand, but which,
in fact, proved afterwards tiie most
elevated part of the great theatre of
Pompcji. Its superior height over
all the other buildings had caused
it to project above the volanic stra-
tum. In this state of things, and
subsequent to the discovery of Her-
culaneuni (about forty years ago),
the hoe of a labourer was arrested
by a hard substance. On remov-
ing the surrounding earth, he per-
ceived that he had nearly decapi-
tated a small statue of, as he tli ought,
massive gold. His eager efforts to
pull up the fancied treasure were

fruitless ; the idol was firmly ri«
vetted into a stone pedestal, and
the latter still more strongly ce-
mented into some hard substance
underneath. The peasant, how-
ever, had his wits about him. After
possessing himself of a small frag-
ment of the doubtful metal, here-
stored matters in statu quo, and
left the field in the evening. The
verdict of a silversmith was obtain-
ed in course ; and being satisfied of
the impossibility of turning the
brass, even in his possession, to
any great account, the poor clown
at once became loyal and honest,
and imparted his secret to the pro-
per officer of government, who im-
mediately ordered the ground to be
excavated on the spot pointed out.
The image was soon found again ;
and, moreover, it was ascertained,
that (like the Apollo on Drury-lane
theatre) it constituted the ornament
of the roof of a small temple, which
being likewise laid open, Avas the
signal for all future Pompejan dis-
coveries. The statue proved to be
a Minerva, perfect in all parts ex-
cept the head, which was nearly
cleft in two by the sacrilegious hoe.
And, surely, nobody that knows
what her unfortunate papa suffered
when he was forced to call in aid
the obstetric axe of Vulcan, and
submit to the literally cesarean
operation of having his cranium
split in order to bring forth that
very daughter of his — noone, I say,
will pity the retributory wound ac-
cidentally inflicted on the self-same
spot of Pallas Athene ! It was a
judgment upon her, a falum ine-
htctabile ! For, surely, to have hit
that very square inch of space which
constituted the most elevated part
of all the subterraneous remain^ of

SIXTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

Pomprji, was something more than
the effect of mere chance.

THE DISCOVERY OF STABLE,

after that of Pompeji, was a matter
of less difficulty ; once attentively
sought for, its site was soon ascer-
tained from some ruins that pro-
jected above the ground, like those
of the Pom pe jan theatre. The earth
was easily cleared away, and the
remains of some villas brought to
light, which, although in them-
selves far less interesting than the
discoveries above-mentioned, con-
tained some exquisite specimens of
ancient painting, of which I shall
have to speak more at large here-
after.

I have now, my dear T. waded
through the most tedious part of
my Herculanean dissertation — I
have burnt, sunk, and destroyed
three towns; and might, for this act
of heroism, have been numbered
among your great men in history,
had I not committed the blunder of
restoring them again, which is fo-
reign to the character of true he-
roic greatness. The remaining por-
tion of my task will be more pleas-
ing to me, and, I flatter myself,
more entertaining to you : it will
consist of a catalogue raisonne of
the discoveries themselves, and pro-
bably require the space of at least
one voluminous letter. 1 therefore
drop the subject for the present
the more willingly, as I find myself
in a heavy arrear with other cotem-
porary matters, which I must en-
deavour to bring up as well as I
can.

On the very summit of I lie high-
est mountain about Naples (Vesu-
vius excepted), and about six miles
distant from that city, stands the
romantic convent of the Camalduli.

I had long Avished to visit so invit-
ing a spot ; and chance, the other
day, brought me to its gate. Suf-
fering my horse to proceed ad libi-
t?im, he followed a mountainous
road, continually ascending, but
not particularly sleep ; now through
a luxuriant wood of young chesnuts,
then again through a deep hollow
way, the sides of which plainly re-
corded primaeval volcanic revolu-
tions. You could easily count the
strata of different substances, dis-
posed in undulating parallels, and
exactly corresponding with those
on the other side of the way ; rock,
light sand, ashes intermixed with
pumice stone and vegetable mould,
followed each other in alternate and
repeated succession. The reite-
rated layers of mould seemed to
prove that the country had been
steril, and again cultivated more
than once ; and as the rock differed
from the sand in nothing but its
hardness, an estimate might be
formed of the vast periods of time
necessary for the petrifaction, or
rather induration, of the latter.
Springs of limpid water, distilled
I by nature into the utmost purity of
| that clement, trickled down into
the road, and gently seeking a
I channel through the ruts of the
i wheels, enlivened this delightful
I picture of rural scenery. Now and
' then a glimpse of the city and its
bay all at once burst through the
masses of rock, or the sombre foli-
age of stately free?. Such was the
way, my good friend, which con-
ducted me to a little plain. At the
sight of the convent, and about
thirty paupers before the gate, who
appeared to have just received the
plentiful remnants of a plentiful
table, I guessed my. latitude, and

SIXTH LETTER FliOIVI ITALY.

one question to them confirmed my
Conjecture. Leaving my horse to
the care of the porter, I entered a
neat church, the insignificant pre-
tiosa of which were shewn, and
fully explained, by two monks, who,
on the sound of Signor Inglese (the
best passport in Naples), treated
me like an old acquaintance. From
the church we proceeded to a galle-
ry, where my conductors consigned
me respectfully to Father Onofrio,
the superior, a tall, corpulent man,
of about 45, vviih a handsome, tho-
roughly good-natured countenance.
Into better hands I could not have
fallen.

" Why, my good sir, did you
not come an hour sooner? We
have just dined, and should have
been happy of your company:
however, we shall find something
for you by the time you have seen
our garden, which has been ad-
mired by every one of your coun-
trymen who honoured us -with a
visit."

It was of no avail to observe, that
a late dinner was waiting for me in
town ; a nod of the head to a lay
brother, convinced me that Donna
Luisa's culinary preparation would
on this day go a begging. The
garden, to which we next shaped
our course, certainly was an object
of curiosity. Flowers, fruit, and
vegetables, of every description,
throve in luxuriant abundance on
an artificial level, created on the
summit of a high mountain ; the
mould itself was exotic. The just
admiration excited at their view,
and a desire to say something oblig-
ing, elicited a comparison with the
pensile gardens of Semiramis. " In-
deed not!" replied the holy fa-
ther: "we know enough of the

No. VIJJ. Vol. II.

beauty of your English gardens to
be convinced that what you are
pleased to say is but a compliment
from your politeness." — Poor Ono-
phrius's ignorance of the Assyrian
termagant was certainly carrying
the vow of chastity to a great
length !

The gardens terminate at an ab-
rupt precipice, from which, under
the cooling shade of some gigantic
trees, I enjoyed the most enchant-
ing prospect; which I shall for-
bear describing, since no delinea-
tion of mine, however minute and
romantic, would enable you to see
a whit the more for it. But, with
almost tears in his eyes, the supe-
rior pointed down to Agnanp, to
shew mean extensive tract of land,
formerly the property of the con-
vent, but seized by the present go-
vernment; asking, if the numerous
monastic congregations in Malta
had suffered such a stretch of arbi-
trary power, since they had the
good fortune to fall under the go-
vernment of a Protestant prince,
the king of England. My reply
was in the negative, of course; but
by way of comfort I mentioned the
general suppression of convents in
England at the time of the Refor-
mation. " Ah ! but I speak of
times present, when...." Here
we were interrupted by a messen-
ger, who announced dinner. The
ride and the mountain air hadJteen'd
my appetite; I did honour to the
holy banquet, which was so ex-
quisitely prepared as not to occa-
sion regret at the absence of any
meat whatever. Indeed the im-
mense arsenal of glittering copp ;rs,
kettles, and stew-pans, set out to
dry in the area below, had already
impressed on mv mind the most f'a-
N

SIXTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

TOU'rabTc opinion of ilic culinary
establishment of the Camaldulesc
flit hers ; arid the wine I tasted
proved their cellar to be under the
direction of equally able hands.
The repast being- concluded, good
Onophrius conducted me to an ad-
joining loggia (a sort of balcony),
from which we saw below us the
castle of St. Elmo, the city, bay,
Vesuvius, &c. " Many officers of
your country have spent hours on
this spot, when St. Elmo was be-
sieged by them : they came hither
purposely to observe the progress
of the siege ; we seldom were with-
out some of them honouring us
with their company to dinner. Ah !
dear sir, every fragment which the
skilful shots of your artillerymen
tore from the ramparts of the castle,
caused our hearts to leap for joy.
Indeed, you are a nation of heroes !

Why, in the name But

come along to my own cell, let us
talk about some serious matters
over a dish of coffee and a glass of
Marasquin*."

No sooner was I seated by the in-
quisitive father, than a huge black
tom-cat, the only succedaneum his
vow of celibacy allowed him for a
partner through life, took a fami-
liar leap on his patron's lap. After
a few caresses, Avhich Toro's grati-
tude returned by an appropriate
purring of inward contentment, and
a few gentle feline attitudes and
oblique glidings against the sleeves
of tiie monastic habit, Onofrio said
as follows : " Now, tell me can-
didly, sir, what 1 am to believe of
this peace of your's, is it real or
feiarned ?"

* The name of an excellent liqueur or
i lial imported from Zara.

" To the best of my knowledge,
peace, I am sorry to say, has been
concluded between our government
and that of France. You must
have seen the treaty in the Naples
gazette ?"

" Ah ! my good sir, I do not
want the Naples gazette ; I wish to
hear from you the secret views
which your nation must have had in
this mysterious transaction, of which
I know you must be well informed.
Come, you are with a true friend of
the English ; say, is it not all a
farce of Mr. Pitt's to entrap Bona-
parte in his own snares ?"

" Mr. Pitt has quitted the minis-
try; he "

" He is, nevertheless, at the bot-
tom of all ; he is too deep for Bo-
naparte. But I see you are afraid
to speak out, and perhaps may be
justified in being cautious for the
present. Allow me, therefore, one
more question only: Why are Malta
and the Cape to be given up by
you ?"

" Upon my word, good father,
your question exceeds my power of
reply. An absence from England
of two years has made me an abso-
lute novice in the political affairs of
my country. As to the peace,
however, as far as I can judge by
the English papers, and by some
letters from my friends, it is, on
our side at least, perfectly sincere."

Here the superior shook his head
significantly: the allusion, however,
to my private in formation seemed to
have its due weight on his political
faith. "If," continued he, "this
peace of your's is really sincere,
then the only way to account for it,
is a resolution on the part of both
governments to join in a great ar-
m anient against the infidels ; a mea-

PARTICULARS OF THE LIFE OF THE ARCHDUKE CHARLES. 87

sure devoutly wished for by every
good christian. Your navy and
the French armies will soon drive
those Mahomedan rascals from Mo-
rocco, Tunis, Tripoli, Constanti-
nople, and Jerusalem."

" But where are they to 2:0 to ?"
" Al Diavo/o, se volete ; but
that's no business of ours, let them
find it out themselves."

The zealous Onofrio enlarged
considerably oh the plan of this no-
vel crusade ; but I fear a further
expose of his hagiostratcgetic spe-
culations wbu}d be as tedious to you,
as the obligation of listeningto them
was tiresome to me. Yet, the
friendly and hospitable manner with
which he treated me, would not al-
low me to throw cold water over his
pious wishes. I returned him my
sincere thanks for his kind recep-
tion, and, under a solemn vow (al-

ready discharged) to return soon
with the English newspapers and
my private letters in my pocket, 1
mounted my horse, whose rotundity
and spirits proved that he had, like
his master, amply experienced the
effects of monastic hospitality. My
earnest endeavours to reward the
servants for their trouble were re-
spectfully resisted.

Here then, my dear T. is ano-
ther specimen of the c norm Hies of
this pickpocket nation, as they have
been styled by some of our travel-
ling magpies, who .... but no, let,
me not close my letter with swear-
ing, however just the cause may
be. The Neapolitans, from all the
experience a six weeks residence
among them has afforded me, are
an excellent race of people ; they

would be better still, were

Your's, &c.

PORTRAIT AND PARTICULARS OF THE LIFE OF CHARLES
LOUIS, ARCHDUKE OF AUSTRIA.

At a time when the whole of the

civilized world is threatened with
absolute subjugation by the arms or
intrigues of a ferocious despot,
whom a fortunate combination of
circumstances has transformed from
an obscure adventurer into the first
potentate in the world, the names
of those who, by their talents or
energies, oppose a successful resist-
ance to the accomplishment of his
ambitious plans, must be doubly
dear and interesting to mankind.
Under this view, the hero who has
recently checked the victorious pro-
gress of Napoleon, and demon-
strated the emptiness of his preten-
sions to the usurped title of invin-
cible, justly claims particular notice
and admiration.

Charles Louis, Archduke of Aus-

tria, the third son of Leopold II.
late emperor of Germany, and bro-
ther of Francis II. the present so-
vereign of the Austrian monarchy,
was born at Florence on the 5th of
September, 1771. During the life-
time of his uncle, the Emperor Jo-
seph, he was distinguished by the
partiality of that prince, who ap-
pointed him, at the early age of
fourteen, to be colonel of the oldei t
imperial regiment of infantry, which,
under the comma nd of PrinccCharles
of Lorrain, had formerly acquired
unfading laurels.

Personal bravery has invariably
characterized the members of the
illustrious house from which the
archduke is descended*, and this

* The present Emperor of Austria,

88 PARTICULARS OF THE LIFE OF THE ARCHDUKE CHARLES.

hereditary virtue the prince pos-
sesses in such an extraordinary de-
gree, that his courage seems only to
increase with the magnitude of the
danger to which he is exposed. He
had scarcely attained to manhood,
when he was summoned, in conse-
quence of the war between France
and the house of Austria, to display
those brilliant qualities and talents
which have raised him to the first
rank among the generals of this and
every preceding age. In the early
part of that Avar, he served in an
inferior capacity. At the obstinate
battle of Nerwinde, in Flanders, in
March 1793, when the hostile ar-
mies were commanded by Dumou-
rier and the Duke of Saxe-Coburg,
lie first signalized himself by the
courage and promptitude with
which he attacked and carried a
French redoubt, and contributed, in
no small degree, to the signal suc-
cess of that day.

The abilities which he exhibited
in the field on this and many subse-
quent occasions, soon led to his ap-
pointment to the command of one
of the principal Austrian armies.
With this force, during the glori-
ous campaign of 1796, he complete-
ly turned the tide of success which
had hitherto attended the republi-
can arms. Two formidable French
armies had invaded Germany, and
penetrated into the heart of the em-
pire. Moreau advanced through
Swabia and Bavaria, while Jour-
dan proceeded through Manheim, j

: — ~~. r '

though inferior in military skill to his [
brother, is not le>s distinguished for per-
sonal intrepidity. In the last war be- .
tween the Austrians and the Turks,* he
behaved with such gallantry, that his
uncie rewarded him with the order of j
Maria Theresa, I

Frankfort, and Wurzburg. The
archduke having fallen back in or-
der to effect a junction with General
Wartensleben, met Jourdan at Am-
berg, in Bavaria. An engagement
ensued, and the prince was among
the first of the Austrian cavalry who
broke the enemy's lines. The dan-
ger to which he exposed himself on
this occasion being intimated to him
by some of the officers by whom he
was surrounded, he calmly asked,
in reply, " Is not my duty supe-
rior to my life ?" The French were
routed, and obliged to retreat ;
neither did their gallant antagonist
allow them any respite till he had
driven them across the Rhine. Hav-
ing thus disposed of one army, he
now set out in quest of Moreau,
whom he in like manner compelled
to retire behind the Rhine, after a
retreat which reflected the highest
honour on that general. He now
laid siege to Kehl, the surrender of
which, after an obstinate resistance,
crowned the successes of this cam-
paign.

In that of the following year he
was less fortunate. He had been
expressly chosen to command the
Italian army, destined to check, if
possible, the victorious career of
Bonaparte in that quarter. For-
tune, however, remained faithful
to the French general, whose pro-
gress, after advancing into the Aus-
trian hereditary dominions, was
stopped oidy by the negociations
which' terminated in the treaty of
Campo Formio.

On the recommencement of ho-
stilities in 1799, the archduke was
again opposed* in Swabia, to his
former antagonist, Jourdan, who,
by the defeats he sustained at Os-
terach and Stockach, was compel-

PARTICULARS OF THE LIFE OF THE ARCHDUKE CHARLES.

Jed, as be had been three years be-
fore, to abandon Germany and re-
cross the Rhine. Towards the con-
clusion of the year, the archduke
was engaged in the arduous task of
{defending the passage of that river
with a force of 70,000 men, in the
face of two hostile armies exceed-
ing 100,000.

Early in 1800, ill health, pro-
bably combined with other causes,
induced the archduke to resign the
command of the imperial army,
which, after experiencing several
reverses, was at length completely
defeated at Marengo. This disaster
was speedily followed by the peace
of Luneville. Notwithstanding the
unfavourable nature of this peace,
as it affected the Germanic consti-
tution, the services of the archduke
were so highly estimated, that a
monument was soon afterwards
erected, at theexpence of some pa-
triotic individuals, to commemo-
rate his achievements. This struc-
ture, which stands in the vicinity
of Augsburg, consists of a temple
supported by four columns. In the
interior, upon a pedestal of grey
marble, is placed a bust of the
prince, of white Carrara marble, in
Roman costume : on the summit is
an eagle with expanded wings,
holding the imperial globe, with a
laurel branch. This monument,
sixteen feet in height, bears the fol-
lowing inscription : To the Saviour
of German?/, by some Germans.

A few years of peace succeeded
the treaty of Luneville ; but in 1S0j,
the storm of war again burst over
the Austrian monarchy. What mo-
tive could have induced the cabinet
of Vienna to appoint the Archduke
Charles to the command in Italy,
rather than to entrust him with the

conduct of the army destined to meet
Bonaparte in 1 he plains of Germany,
we are totally at a loss to conceive.
It is scarcely necessary to observe,
that, in the station assigned him, the
prince displayed his accustomed abi-
lity, though obliged to retreat be-
fore the superior force of Masscna,
and probably induced also to adopt
that measure, by the hope of being
able to check the progress of the
enemy in the hereditary states. He
was thus enabled to appear at the
head of 90,000 men, at the distance
of eighty miles from Vienna, which
capital he summoned to surrender,
when he received intelligence of the
armistice concluded by his brother,
in consequence of the imbecility of
General Mack, and the disastrous
issue of the battle of Austerlitz,
which of course prevented him
from making any farther effort for
the honour of his house and country.

Convinced, by fatal experience,
of the necessity of a thorough re-
form in the military system, the
cabinet of Vienna, immediately af-
ter the conclusion of the treaty of
Presburg, entrusted the Archduke
Charles with the entire direction of
the military resources of the monar-
chy. The emperor notified to* him,
in the following letter, his appoint-
ment to the dignity of generalissimo
of the Austrian armies :

" My dear Brother,

" After the late unfortunate
events, and the peace obtained by
so many sacrifices, it is of the ut-
most necessity to place the military
power of the monarchy in such a
state as may be suitable to the po-
pulation and the situation of the
finances, and so well ordered and re-
gulated as to render it a sure defence
of my hereditary states. The first

PARTICULARS OF THE LIFE OF THE ARCHDUKE CHARLES.

step towards attaining tins object, I
take, bj' placing your highness at
the head of all my armies in quality
of generalissimo. The knowledge
of the troops that will be under your
orders, should I be compelled to
to enter into another war, will re-
mind those avIio have already served,
of the laurels they have formerly
gathered on the field of battle under
your conduct, and inspire the rest
with a high confidence in the talents,
bravery, and prudence of their com-
mander, which leads most certainly
to victory. With the dignity of
generalissimo, I commit to you like-
wise the direction of all my armies
in time of peace, in such a manner
that you shall be at the head of the
council of war, and of all the offi-
cers appertaining to it. I expect
From your comprehensive genius and
your indefatigable activity, a state-
ment of the plans you propose to
form, for bringing to perfection the
great work which I have confided
to you : and I am persuaded,' that
the frequent journeys you will make,
in order to see every thing with your
own eyes, and the care you will take
that your orders are punctually obey-
ed, will perfectly fulfil my inten-
tions, and render your work com-
plete. " Francis."

With what assiduity and success
the archduke has devoted himself to
the accomplishment of the objects
with which he was charged, must
be sirfiiciently obvious from the
formidable resistance that Austria
has been enabled to oppose to the
gigantic power of France, in the
conflict in which she is at present
engaged. Notwithstanding its un-
favourable commencement, and the
taking of Vienna by the enemy, he
has contrived to prevent their far-

ther advance ; and the most sangui-
nary engagement fought since the
French revolution began to deluge
Europe with blood, has given an
effectual check to the career of him
who has been its principal scourge.
Napoleon, having continued some
time at Vienna, resolved to set out
in pursuit of the archduke's amy.
Bridges were constructed over the
various branches formed by islands
in the Danube, and the French army
crossed to the left bank of that river,
unmolested by the Austrians. Here,
however, on the 21st of May, the
enemy were attacked by the arch-
duke, and during the action the
bridge in their rear was destroyed
by fire-ships sent down the river
for that purpose, and not by acci-
dent, as the French emperor would!
have it believed. Night produced
a short intermission of the conflict,
which was renewed with the dawn,
and terminated in the complete dis-
comfiture of the French ; who, how-
ever, effected their retreat to the
island of Lobau in the Danube, and
having repaired their bridge, re*
turned to their former positions on
the other side of the river.

On these glorious days the arch-
duke, as usual, displayed his su-
perior judgment and military skill,
and distinguished himself by that
contempt of danger, which, though
perhaps not perfectly consistent with
prudence in a commander in chief,
must nevertheless communicate to,
his troops the same zeal by which
he is himself animated. In the
Austrian official account of the bat-
tle, we are told, that on the 22d,
" the archduke himself seized the
colours of Zach's regiment, and the
battalion which had begun to give
way, followed with new enthusiasm

LETTER FROM AMELIA.

his heroic example. Most of those
who surrounded him were wounded ;
his adjutant-general, Count Collo-
redo, received a ball in li is head,
the wound from which was at first
considered dangerous : a squeeze of
the hand signified to him the concern
of his sympathizing commander,
who, filled with contempt of death,
now fought for glory and his
country."

From the same source we shall
subjoin a statement of the results of
this most important victory. The
Austrian army lost in killed 4278
officers and men; 16,326 were
wounded, and 838 taken prisoners.
The loss of the enemy was prodi-
gious. Upwards of 7000 men and an
immense number of horses were bu-
ried on the field of battle, besides
many who perished in the Danube
and the island of Lobau. When
the account from which these data
are given was written, there were
in Vienna and the suburbs 29,773
wounded French, and upwards of
.0000 more in the hospitals of the
Austrian army ; exclusive of great
numbers who were carried to St.
Polten, Enns, and even as far as
Linz. The number taken prisoners
was 2500.

With such an achievement be-
fore our eyes, and from our know-
ledge of the archduke's character,
we have every reason to augur a fa-
vourable issue of the important con-
test in which Austria is engaged. His
exertions to reform and reorganize
the army have been unprecedented ;
so that not only the greatest order
and discipline now prevail, but also
a promptitude and alacrity hitherto
unexampled among the Austrian
troops, added to a love and esteem
for their commander, which is car-
ried to the highest pitch of enthu-
siasm. These he has gained by his
affability and condescension, being
equally accessible to the common
soldier and the general, and con-
versing with the former in the same
mild and friendly manner as with
the latter.

We trust that the brave archduke
will be proof against the arts of the
crafty Corsican, to whom he has
shewn himself to be fully equal in
arms ; and that he will add <o the
proud title of the saviour of Ger-
many, the still more glorious appel-
lation of the saviour of Europe —
we might even say. of the whole
civilized Avorld.

HA15BXJ!l..>S*r!KM

LETTER FROM AMELIA.

My dear and honoured mother^

I shall not attempt to answer
your kind and truly maternal letter
in any other way, than by return-
ing you the most grateful acknow-
ledgments of my heart, for the ad-
ditional proof of your ever watchful
care and goodness. I do not pre-
sume to reason on its contents; but
shall employ it as the subject of my
continual studv and reflection, and

consider it as a lesson for my in*
struction — as a rule for my con-
duct, I trust you will never write
to me in vain ; and that not a sen-
tence which proceeds from your lips
or your pen, 'will ever fail of having
its due influence on the understand-
ing and the heart of jour Amelia.
The principal feature of my pub-
lic life, for so I think I may cor-
rectly name if, since vou last heard

LETTER FROM AMELIA.

from me, lias been at an entertain-
ment in the city ; which equally
surprised me, for its magnificence,
its splendour, and, which I did not
altogether expect, from its novelty-
For though I am well aware of the
potent effects of education, and the
habits of early life, I could not have
supposed it possible, that such a
marked and extraordinary differ-
ence could have prevailed in the
manners of the two great divisions
of the metropolis : whereas they
now appear to me as forming two
distinct countries, whose dissimila-
rity is so decided, that, in my visit
to the city, I felt myself, as it were,
in a new world, or at least in an-
other country. I must except in-
deed the article of dress, for the
genius of fashion, which presides
over the departments of millinery
and dress-making, seems to predo-
minate with equal expence, parade,
-and even taste, on one side of Tem-
ple-bar, as on the other. But you
will say the language must be the
same. That it is English I most
readily allow, and perfectly intelli-
gible I assure you, and possessed
all the energy of the vulgar tongue.
Every word I heard spoken in the
circle of which I formed a part, is,
I doubt not. to be found in the dic-
tionary ; but these self-same words
were so combined, and delivered
with such concomitant tones, that
they formed a dialect with which I
happened to be totally unacquainted.
And as to manners, there certainly
must be a kind of instinctive habit
of imitation among a certain class of
citizens, or a settled code of deco-
rums by which their behaviour is
regulated, as they bore so strong a
resemblance to each other.

But to the history of my adven- |

tures. — The fond determination ef
my dear aunt, that I should see every
thing which this great metropolis
affords, in the way of amusement,
during the period of my residence
in it, had induced her to procure
tickets of admission to an entertain-
ment at the Mansion-house of the
lord mayor; and Mrs, B — , whose
life is passed in crowds, kindly un-
dertook to chaprone me on the oc-
casion. I understood we were to
encounter a bustle ; and 1 prepared
myself in every respect for the situ-
ation : but in such a bustle I hope
never to engage again ; though, as
I came safe and sound out of it,
I am not sorry that I have, for once
in my life, been a witness of all the
curious occurrences connected with
it. I had been in the midst of more
than one squeeze during the winter;
and I, therefore, arrayed myself in
full preparation for another. But to
proceed.

On our arrival at the Mansion-
house, the master of the ceremonies,
a smart little man, in a black gown
covered with tassels, took Mrs. B — 's
hand, and led her through a crowd-
ed room to present her to the lady
mayoress, who was a tall, stout, well-
looking woman, of about forty. She
was very superbly dressed, and sat
in a crimson velvet chair, on some-
what of an elevated position. She
honoured us with a gracious smile,
and said nothing ; we curtsied very
low, and did the same. At a small
distance from her were two empty
chairs, and Mrs. B — thought we
might as well occupy them as any
other, which we accordingly did.
But we had invaded, as it seemed,
the sanctum sanctorum of the alder-
men's ladies ; for two of those dames,
in all the pride and plumage of their

LETTER FROM AMELIA.

character, told us, without the least
reserve, that we must resign our
situations. One of them said to Mrs.
B — , " You have got my place,
ma'am, and must move :" when the
other said as coolly to me, " And
you must do the same." We obey-
ed without hesitation ; and, sur-
prised as I was, I nevertheless felt
a strong disposition to indulge a
laugh : but as we had been turned
out of our seals for one indecorum,
I apprehended we might be turned
out of the room if we committed
another ; so I kept a grave counte-
nance, and we mingled with the
crowd. In a short time, however,
the lord mayor appeared in a gown
covered with gold, and its train
borne, and preceded by a man bear-
ing a sword. The aldermen followed
in red gowns: and after the lord
mayor had shaken the lady mayoress
by the hand, he turned short round,
and strutted off in the same cere-
mony as he came. The lady mayor-
ess followed, conducted by the mas-
ter of the ceremonies ; and each of
the aldermen taking his lady, the
procession moved forwards to the
dinner. We fell in with the crowd,
and such a scene ensued as beggars
all description. In the Hanover-
square squeeze we were immovably
jammed, and submitted, with all
possible good humour, to our situa-
tion : but here there was room
enough to move ; and the contest,
which was a most unceremonious
one, was who should get first ; and
we were driven, and without a word
of apology, to tight and left, by
elbows as red as the aldermen's |
gowns. Nothing, therefore, was |
left for us but to defend ourselves
against all this pummeling as well
as we could, and to move onward

jvo. vtti, Voi. n.

with this turbid stream, which at
length forced its way, and us along
with it, through a vast portal, into
the Egyptian hall, a most magni-
ficent room, where there was a
sumptuous banquet, as I under-
stood, for four hundred guests, and
such a display of ornamental con-
fectionary as I had never seen.
Here, as the company entered, they
all set a running to get places ; so
we did the same, and were fortu-
nate enough to obtain them. A vast
band in the gallery continued play-
ing " God save the King" for some
time ; when silence being proclaim-
ed, grace was pronounced, and eat-
ing began ; and from the voracity,
both male and female, with which
it proceeded, it might be supposed
that the good people, within my
observation at least, had fasted for
eight-and-forty hours. I unfortu-
nately had placed myself opposite
to a turbot ; and a jolly dame, on
the other side of the table, rose up,
as she said, to see if there was no
fish, when the turbot caught her
eye, and she instantly vociferated,
" I should be glad if the lady in a
pink cap and a white feather would
fill me a plate of what's before her."
Now this cap-and-feather lady was
your poor dear Amelia : I there-
fore obeyed her commands most
amply. u And now, miss, some
lobster sauce." I accordingly gave
her a small ladle-full ; on which she
exclaimed — " Don't be afraid, miss,
a little more, if you please ; miss,
don't spare, there's plenty of every
thing here.*" So I quadrupled her
portion, and she added, " Thank
you, miss." A rosy-faced man,
who sat next her, and who eat and
talked at the same time, very
shrewdly observed, that she did not
O

LETTER FROM AMELIA.

know whether tlio lady was a miss
or not : on which she desired him,
in a very snappish tone, to hold his j
foolish tongue. But such an in-
junction the good man was not, just
at this time, disposed to obey: so
filling a glass of wine, and happen-
ing to catch my eye, he said, with
as significant a look as his features
were capable of assuming, " I do
not know, ma'am, whether you are
a miss or a mistress ; but if you are
a miss, you'll excuse my freedom,
here's wishing you may be a mis-
tress before this time twelvemonth."
1 really could not help feeling con-
fused at the man's impertinent igno-
rance ; and had scarcely recovered
myself sufficiently to look about me,
when a man, of rather a genteel
appearance, looking directly to me,
made an inclination, which I, of
course, returned, when he instantly
cried out, " No, no, it was not you
I meant, but the young lady next
you :" and he then repeated, the
compliment with a familiar nod to
her. I really began to feel uncom-
fortable, while Mrs. B— quite en-
joyed it, and laughed a la folic
But I soon had my revenge ; for
now my health was actually drank,
and the civil man, looking towards
Mrs. B — , added, " Your mam-
ma's health, miss." Now you must
know, that though Mrs. B — is a
most amiable, pleasing woman, and
would have no objection to be con-
sidered as my sister, she would ra-
ther be spared the honour of being
taken for my mother. She accord-
ingly coloured as red as my cap,
and words, li vulgar, undiscerning
brute ! " escaped her in a tone which
marked more mortification than such
a circumstance, i think, should have
u< i isioncd.

I was now attacked by a pert,
squat young lady, of about thirty,
as I should think, who sat to the
left of me ; and who, without a sin-
gle syllable of introduction, asked
me i( my necklace was mock or real
pearl. 1 told her that I had always
understood it to be the latter. —
" And, pray, have you bracelets of
the same ?" when 1 drew oft' my
glove, and let her see that the de-
corations of my arms were of the
same kind. " You must know,"
said she, " that my papa deals in
these things ; and we have just
such a suit of pearls as these in our
shop, which he says he would not
sell for less ihm five hundred
pounds." She then actually seized
my arm, and examined it, with its
bijouterie, as if it were an article in
that very shop to which she belongs.
But as, according to her notions,
any one who wears a suit of pearls
worth five hundred pounds, must be
a person of consequence, she began
to treat me as such ; and after she
had fished out the place of my re-
sidence, she began to mend her ma li-
ners, and became very communica-
tive : she not only explained the
ceremonies of the feast, which were
wholly unintelligible to me, but
gave me a very amusing history of
the company about us ; and with a
part of it, my dearest mother, I
hope to amuse you.

" The jolly woman," said she,
" whom you helped to the turbot, is
the wife of a tinman ; and the saucy
fellow who was so familiar with you,
is her husband. He serves the lord
mayor with the fine illumination
around us, and has the pleasure of
stuffing, as you see him, by the
light of his own lamps. She with
the sky-blue feather, is the widow

LETTER FROM AMELIA.

of a linen-draper, who left her fif-
teen thousand pounds and a coun-
try-house : he was one of the vo-
lunteers, and died in consequence
of a fever he caught from over-
exercise in a sham-fight. She has
beenoutof her weeds about a month,
and there are many candidates for
her favour, or rather for her for-
tune. Her late husband was a very
plain man ; and she now says, if
she marries again, she'll please her
eye, though she plagues her heart.
The fat girl who sits next to her,
is the daughter of a weight and
scale maker ; and if she were to get
into one of her father's scales, he
must furnish plenty of weights to
make the other sink.t As for that
lady who is now looking through a
quizzing-glass, and is so elegantly
dressed, she can very well afford it :
she is the wife of a lottery-office
keeper. They are people that get
a deal of money ; for let who will
have the blanks, the lottery is sure
to turn up a prize to them. Do
stretch forward a little, and look at
that nice, neat, prim, precise figure,
who sits next but one to me : her
husband is a bookseller in Pater-
noster-row ; and she may be truly
said, I think, to be in print. The
two pretty girls who are dressed
both alike, arc the daughters of a
drum-maker, who is making a for-
tuneoutof the war: he drinks Bona-
parte's health every night, the last
thing he does before he goes to bed.
They are very amiable young wo-
men, and particular friends of mine ;
but their tongues never lie still :
and when they are in high spirits,
a score of their father's drums would
be scarce sufficient to silence thorn.
The gentleman whom you mistook
about drinking my health, is, you

must know, an admirer of mine :
he is a glover, in a very good way
of business, who buried his wife
about two years ago. But the last
time I was at the debating society,
it was proved, to my satisfaction,
that a man can never be really and
truly in love more than once : I am
determined, therefore, not to marry
a widower."

Thus was she proceeding, and,
as you must perceive, with no com-
mon share of sarcastic vivacity,
when proclamation was made for
silence, and the lord mayor rose to
deliver a speech which brought my
astonishment to its climax. He
rose, he said (I give his precise
words), to drink the healths of the
company who had honoured him
with their presence, and to express
his cordial thanks for (heir having
comported themselves in such a de-
cent and orderly manner. He then
drank his wine ; and, to complete
the whole, the band struck up
Handel's Water Music,

I ventured to ask my neighbour
if such speeches were usual. Not
such as this, she said ; but she sup-
posed the chief magistrate, who is
a worthy, well-meaning, but very
uneducated man, had failed in em-
ploying suitable expressions : for,
as she observed, aptly enough, a
stranger must be led to imagine that
it was customary for the company,
on these occasions, to break the
lamps, destroy the chandeliers, and'
throw the glasses over their heads ;
and that, his lordship thought it
right to thank his guests for having1
spared them : at the same time, she
begged leave to assure me, that no
other spirit of destruction prevailed
at these festivities, than such as r ay
be gratified by knives, forks, ',;:: d
' Q -2

OX THE WASTE OF AQHICULTURAL- PRODUCE.

spoons. — Here our conversation
ended, when she presented me with
her address in the form of a shop-
card ; entreated me to do her the
honour of calling upon her when I
should come into the city ; and, at
tjie same time, informed me, if I
wanted any thins; in her papa's line,
no one would do me greater justice :
and, one of these days, I will most
assuredly indulge the freak, and
become one of her papa's customers.
The banquet was concluded ; and
of the retiring cavalcade, who should
form a part but my dear Lady C. ;
who, seeing us among the crowd,
desired one of the aldermen to rescue
us from it ; which he instantly did,
with the utmost politeness and at-
tention. We now accompanied the
procession, and were admitted into
the lady mayoress's circle. Theball
began about ten, when I danced a

minuet with analdermm— and, witft
that self-same alderman, attempted
to go down a country-dance ; but it
would have been equally possible to
have threaded one of our thickest
beech-woods as to have penetrated
the ball-room : it was said that three
thousand persons were present. —
Heat, noise, and confusion of every
kind, continued till about two in
the morning, Avhen the crowd be-
gan to disperse, and about four we
contrived to make our escape. -?-
Such is the history of a day, which
I am not sorry that I have passed,,
but which I shall never wish to
repeat. If it should but amuse
you, my dearest mother, I shall be
satisfied.

I remain, with the utmost affec*
tion and veneration,

Your most dutiful daughter,

Amelia.

ON THE WASTE OF- AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE.

LETTER V.

TO THE

. Sin,

My engagements last month
prevented me from sending you my
observations on the waste that corn
is liable to between seed-time and
harvest ; but, as the latter is ap-
proaching, I have taken the liberty
of transmitting a few of my practi-
cal remarks, hoping they will be
the means of saving some bushels of
corn, as I know that your Reposi-
tory is read by some practical
farmers.

. In the first place, I wish it to be
understood, that I do not call that
waste which is destroyed by un-
avoidable incidents, but that which
is lost, though it might have been

EDITOR.

preserved by the care and attention
of man, and whose value would be
greater than the expence incurred in
its preservation. As your corre-
spondent, the Farmer, in your last
number, shrewdly remarks, that
by pnying a shilling to save nine-
pence, would be only adding to the
loss, I also presume, that when I
describe the best machines now in
use for the preservation of agricul-
tural produce, with demonstrative
practical cases, credibly certified,
he will obtain some interesting in-
formation. In the mean time, I
hope he will describe his other
disappointments in his attempts to
introduce agricultural machinery,

ON THE WASTE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE.

as I am much pleased by his admit-
ting that there is great waste, how-
ever we may differ about the mode
of preservation.

There is not much waste between
the seed-time and harvest, except
wiiere weeds are suffered to grow,
and cattle to break in and trample
down the succulent plants. But
when the corn is ripe it is exposed
to a number of incidents, from-
which much waste occurs.

First, it is attacked by the birds,
particularly sparrows, who destroy
many thousand quarters every
^ear.

Secondly, many thousand quar-
ters are lost by shelling or falling
out of the ear, through that mis-
taken idea, so prevalent among
farmers, that corn is not fit to cut
till the seed becomes dry and hard,
supposing that till then it draws
some nutriment from the earth.
This is the cause of much waste, as,
while the corn is drying, the chaff
(having performed the intentions of
nature in guarding the seed till ma-
ture) approaches fast to decay, by
losing its tenacity, or hold, on the
straw. This exposes the corn to
every blast of wind, and it is liable
to fall out from the necessary mode
of cutting.

As all seed is maturely ripe the
moment congelation has taken place,
and receives no nutrimcntwhatever
from the root after that time, it
should then be cut, to prevent all
risks of loss while drying or carry-
ing to the barn. The sample would
be brighter, and the quality of the
corn much better, than when it
stands to be dry ripe.

The farmer who cuts his corn as
soon as it is congealed, or as soon as
the milky substance becomes fari-

naceous, has many important ad-
vantages over him who suffers it to
dry before he begins harvest. In
the first place, his work is more
forward, the weather in general is
more favourable, and the days are
longer. He seldom loses any corn
in the field ; his sample is better,
and sells for more by sixpence a
bushel in the market, if the other is
equally well harvested, and the
quantity is not less per acre. I have
practised this mode upon a mode-
rate sized farm for twenty- five
years, and have invariably found
it the most profitable, both to the
public and the individual, which,
in all that concerns agriculture, are
synonimous. I found some diffi-
culty to induce my harvest-men to
cut it the first two or three years,
they always observing, it would
not be fit to cut, according to their
ideas, in less than ten days or a
fortnight ; so powerfully does cus-
tom influence the actions of men.

There is a considerable waste in
carrying the corn from the field to
the bam, except the rathes of the
waggons or carts are covered with
cloth, which is seldom the case ;
the motion of the load chafes out a
considerable quantity of ct rn upon
the road, which is scattered about
and not much seen ; but the quan-
tity lost through the harvest is very
great, and would amply reward the
farmer for preserving it.

There is often much waste in the
rick-yards, where there is not room
to put the whole crop into the barn,
particularly in showery weather,
where the farmer has not provided
a sufficient quantity of straw toco-
ver his hovels. A stack or hovel
of corn, if ever so well harvested, is
very much injured by lying ex-

ON THE WASTE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE.

posed (o a rainy night, and should,
in every case, be rough thatched
as soon as made. This would not
only prevent the risk of exposure,
but, if rain should fall in the night,
the hovel would be in a good state
to thatch the next morning, when
perhaps the state of the weather
may prevent the harvest-men being
usefully employed in the field. The
hovel would be dry, and if rain
should continue, the thatching
might proceed by turning back the
rough thatch a steltch before the
ladder, without exposing the corn
to the falling rain.

If the practice of rough thatch-
ing were generally introduced, it
would save the country many thou-
sand quarters of corn every year.
You may at all times have it done
when the men come out of the field,
for the trifling consideration of a
little extra strong beer. I have
many times by this practice saved
from five to ten pounds worth of
corn in one night. Unless a farmer
is neat and vigilant in his stack-
yard, he there sustains much annual
waste.

But by far the greatest loss oc-
curs after the corn is put into the
barn, either from vermin or imper-
fect separation from the straw. The
former can be prevented by a pro-
per construction or alteration of the
barn ; and the latter may be obvi-
ated whenever a proper and uni-
versally effectual mode shall be
invented to do away the use of
threshing-floors. The flail is a la-
borious, unhealthy, and uncertain
mode of separation ; but if the com-
plete separation be not taken into

the account, I believe it is the
cheapest that has yet been adopted.
Other modes have been tried and
are daily trying, but as yet, I be-
lieve, without success. The labour
in some cases has been removed
from the arms of men to the should-
ers of horses, with a tenfold addi-
tion to the burden. This immense
power must certainly be wrongly
applied, as the adhesion of corn to
its straw is not so great, as to re-
quire (he power of horses to disen-
gage it. We all know that if we
touch a corn in the ear the right
way ever so slightly with the fin-,
gcr, it starts out and falls to the
ground. How absurd then must it
be to apply a power that will break
the straw almost to chaff, to disen-
gage that which can be shaken out
by the wind ! I presume that it
is by applying power in this way,
that your correspondent, the Far-
mer, has met with those disap-
pointments, which he promises to
communicate to you, if I " should
give demonstrative cases, where
the means made use of for preserva-
tion have not exceeded in expence
the value of the article preserved."
I am sorry that I have not leisure
at present to enter into the minutiae of
these practical cases, but I promise
you that at some future time I will
demonstrate to your satisfaction and
that of your agricultural readers,
many cases where and how the pre-
servation of agricultural produce is
no loss, but a great individual and
public gain. Till then, I remain
Your most humble servant,

An Economist,

DESCRIPTION OF THE IBIS OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS',

Among the animals that have
had divine honours paid them,
either as divinities or favourite
companions of the gods, perhaps
birds claim the first rank : and in
Egypt, where more animals were
said to be adored than in all the rest
of the world, the ibis was particu-
larly distinguished. But what was
the ibis held sacred by the ancient
Egyptians ?

According to the ancients there
were two species of the ibis : both,
resembling each other in shape, had
feet like those of the crane, and a
curved bill ; but the plumage of
one was white, except the head,
neck, tips of the wings, and rump,
whicii were black; while the other
was black entirely. Both, too,
were reported equally to attack and
devour the winged serpents, which
were said to swarm in Egypt in the
spring. This service', saysBufibn,
as great as unexpected, was the
foundation of that superstition
which ascribed something divine to
these tutelary birds.

From the avidity with which the
stork devours reptiles, this bird
was supposed by Belon and Prosper
Alpinus to be the ibis : while Has-
selquist considered the ibis as a
white kind of heron, that follows
the herds in Egypt, to pick up ,'hc
worms that crawl out of the ground
on which they tread. Builbn and
Linnneus were equally ignorant of
the true ibis; but Maillet blunders
most egregiously, in taking it for a
species of vulture. The tantalus
ibis of Linnaeus ; the white ibis of
Bnil'on, Blumenbacb, and Brisson,
which Mas supposed by Peruult to

be the true ibis, and is commonly
so considered, is in fact very wild
in Egypt.

Bruce was the first who recog-
nized the real white ibis of the an-
cients in Abyssinia. The abou
bonnes, father John, of that coun-
try, so called because St. John's
day is the time when it makes its
appearance there, agrees in size,
shape, and colour, not only with
the description of the ancients, but,
which is still more convincing,
w ith the embalmed ibises found in
Egypt.

Mr. Savigny, who was one of
the members of the Egyptian insti-
tute, has fully confirmed the ob-
servations of Bruce. He tells us,
that this bird is well known through-
out Lower Egypt by the name of
mengel, or the sickle, derived from
its curved bill, being common
there at a certain time of the year.
Its bill is not very strong, and blunt
at the point and on the edges.
Its tongue is short, and almost hid-
den in the throat. It is of no great
size or strength, being scarcely su-
perior in these respects to the com-
mon curlew. The length, shape,
and structure of its bill and tongue
oblige it to seek its food in water or
mud. It flies very high. Itdoes
not breed in Egypt, but arrives
there when the Nile begins to rise,
follows the progress of the inunda-
tion, advances with it into the coun-
try, and when the waters retire still
accompanies their course, finallyto
leave Egypt after having remained
there about seven months. It does
not appear to frequent the sea, or
salt lakes, and even keeps at a dis,-

100

DESCRIPTION OF THE EGYPTIAN IBIS.

tance from the river, where it
would not find the sort of food it
requires : but it is fond of the vici-
nity of stagnant pools of fresh wa-
ter, and i he borders of shallow ca-
nals. There it seeks its aliment
among the mud, feeding on the
smaller testaceous animals. Of this
Mr. Savigny satisfied himself when
in Egypt, by opening the gizzards
of several ibises, which he always
found full of river shells.

Indeed it does not seem reason-
able to suppose, that the ibis should
form ail exception to all analogy.
The rest of the genus scolopax,
to which it properly belongs, feed
on small fish, worms, testacea, and
aquatic insects ; a habit equally
suited to their internal structure
and external organs : but we know
none that attack and eat serpents,
or large animals.

Mr. Savigny likewise recognized
the black ibis of the ancients in
LoAver Egypt. This differs from
the white ibis only in its colour,
which is black; size, which is
somewhat less; and shape, which
is more delicate : but the only
striking difference is the colour.
This conformity between them
agrees with the description of He-
rodotus ; and the species of Mr.
Savigny agrees with the black ibis
carved on ancient Egyptian monu-
ments.

This bird has long been known
in Europe. It is the tantalus falci-
nellus of Linnaus, the Italian cur-
lew of many French naturalists.
Large flights of these visit Italy in
the spring ; and in the same way
they arrive in Egypt, but after the
white ibis, and they likewise conti-
nue there later. The habits of both
are alike, and both feed on the

same aliment, as Mr. Savigny found
by dissection. Indeed they art;
both sold in the markets of Lower
Egypt : but, if they fed on ser-
pents, the Mahommedans would
deem them unclean, and abstain
from their flesh.

It is this notion that has misled
travellers ; and, when Mr. Savigny
enquired among the nativesof Egypt,
to all of whom the ibis is very fami-
liar, for a bird that attacks and de-
vours serpents, he was as unable as
his predecessors to obtain any infor-
mation concerning it.

But Mr. Cuvier has found re-
mains of serpents in a mummy of
an ibis. Popular stories may be
refuted by argument ; but a fact of
this kind, adduced by so able an
observer, can be opposed only by
facts. Now the truth is, that the
intestines of the ibis are not to be
found in any of the mummies of this
bird, as might have been inferred
from passages in Herodotus, Plu-
tarch, and Porphyry, respecting
human mummies. This destroys
the whole force of Mr. Cuvier's ob-
servation : for we cannot infer, that
the ibis had fed on serpents, unless
fragments of them had been found
in its intestines. How then did
these fragments come there ? The
Egyptians were accustomed to cm-
balm many sacred animals toge-
ther ; and we know, that certain
species of serpents were among the
number. This circumstance is not
noticed by the ancients : but, it is
indisputable, that the mummies of
Memphis afford more than one in-
stance of it; and at Thebes still
more whimsical combinations are
found.

But though we may presume
that we have thus ascertained the

THE ADVENTURES OF A SHEEP.

101

bird so Celebrated from ancient
times under the name of ibis ; ano-
ther subject of enquiry remains,
perhaps still more important; when
we consider the people to whom it
relates ; a people whose govern-
ment, at a very remote period,
bore a striking resemblance to our
own.

The honours paid to animals by
the Egyptians have hitherto been
considered as actual worship. Ever
since the time of Herodotus, travel-
lers have been struck with the mul-
titude of figures of animals repre-
sented in the Egyptian temples.
They have taken for simple repre-
sentations of facts, emblems intended
not to be generally understood ; and
vague traditions have confirmed
them in the opinion, that Egypt
was devoted to the most absurd and
contemptible superstitions. But
the more attentively we study the
natural history of the country, and
investigate the ample treasure of its
antiquities, the more rational and
ingenious shall we find its mytho-
logical allegories.

It would be strange if tlie Egyp-
tians had worshipped (he ibis as
the destroyer of serpents, with
which it is unable from its struc-
ture to cope; and disregarded the
stork, the raven, the kite, the
crane, and others, which certainly
did free them in some measure from
these enemies. The ibis visits
Egypt when the Nile, the source
of its fertility,, begins to rise; and
follows the progress cf its overflow.
Is it not then natural to suppose,

that the ibis was the emblem of this
inundation, and shared with the
river the gratitude of the people ?

It is said too,- that the ibis was
the enemy of the winged serpent
that infested Egypt. According to
the ancients likewise, Egypt would
have been depopulated by winged
scorpions, brought by the winds
from the deserts on the south : and
the fable of the basilisk, the very
look of which was death, is well
known. May we not discern in
these the fatal simoom,- that blows'
from the deserts in the spring ? and
the plague, which always ceases
its ravages on the rise of the Nile ?

In the Egyptian zodiac we find
the scorpion occupies the second of
the vernal signs, when the plague1
and the simoom rage with the
greatest fury ; and the ibis holds its
place in that sign under which the
Nile begins to rise. It likewise
denotes the inundation in iiie sign
of cancer, which is frequently re-
presented by the head of an ibis
joined to the tail of a crawfish. The
winged sagittary, pursuing the
scorpion, and attacking him with
his arrows, forms no unapt emblem
of the etesiafi winds contending
against those of the south. '

Not as a divinity then was the*
ibis worshipped ; it was merely the
sacred emblem of that grand and
periodical natural phenomenon, to
which Egypt wa.s indebted for the
fertility of its fields, and by which
the double scourge of pestilence and-
famine was averted.

FXi. r. .L '.SkUai!

EXTRAORDINARY ADVENTURES OF A SHEEP.

The following authentic history
of the singular adventures of a sheep,
No, VIII, Vol. II.

transmitted to us from Salisbury,
where the animal died? will, we

102

THE ADVENTURES oi A SHfcJTP

doul)t not, prove interesting to our
readers : —

She was born in the North High-
lands of Scotland ; embarked in 1801
in the Arab, and visited Iceland,
Greenland, and Norway: here she
was sent on shore to graze. — The
next day, seeing the boat row past
the place where she was feeding, she
leaped into the water and steam to
the boat : this circumstance pro-
tected her ever after from the
butcher, and her life was one scene
of gratitude. She was in fourteen
different actions with the enemy's
flotilla and batteries at Boulogne, in
the last of which she lost part of
one of her horns. After that she
traversed the whole of the west-
ern extent of Africa, across the
equator to the Brazils, and along
the Guiana coast of South America
to the West Indies; from thence to
Ireland, and then home. She was so
tame as to feed from the hand, and,
like the dog, followed her protector;
would dance for a cabbage leaf; pre-
ferred the house and fire-side to the
stable ; for several months was never
known to touch ha}- or grass, living
with the sailors upon pudding and
grog, nibbling the ends of rope and
canvass. The paring of an apple or
a potaloe was her greatest luxury!
— The docility of the animal was
highly amusing: she would eat off
your plate, and put her head under
your arm at dinner ; would drink
wine or spirits, and tea if well
sweetened; run up and down the
stairs, and if she got info the
kitchen, would take the cover from
the pot and peep into it. I let wool
was of a soft and silky nature.

After having weathered so many
storms and hardships, she was
brought as a present by Lieut.
Bagiivild, of the R. N. to a lady i:i

Salisbury; where, alas! their fleecy
friend died of a bowel complaint
the second day after her arrival,
most sincerely lamented, the 22d
of January, 1808.

LINES WRITTEN ON A MOST RE-
MARKABLE SHEEP.
Scarce thirty suns had brighteu'd o'er her

head.
When to the Arab's deck young Jack* was led ;
Here from her master's side she ne'er would

stray,
Eat of his meat, and on his hammock lay.
Grateful for this, when left on Norway's

beach,
She brav'd the sea, the distant ship to reach.
This act heroic stays the muid'rous knifej
And all the Crew demand to save her life.
Thus spar'd, she visits each far dislant main :
In fourteen battles amid heroes slain,
She 'scapes unhurt ; save that the whizzh.'g

lead
Bears off one horn, then gently graz'd her

head. -
AH perils past, she reach'd her native shore,
To tempt the rage of war and seas no more.
Go, my dear Jack, her grateful master said,
(As on her snow-white head his hand he laid;)
Go seek the shady grove, the verdant mead,
There rest securely, and securely feed.
A thousand joys shall thy long life attend,
Bless'd with that greatest good, a faithful

friend.
Vain were these hopes! at Sarum safe arriv'd,
Sudden she sicken1 d, and as sudden died. —
Well then, d> ar Jack, since fete ha? scal'd

thy doom,
Be thine '.he honours of (be seulptur'd tomb.
There too shall this just eulogy appear,
" A sheep, a much lov'd sheep, reposes

here."
Merits in thee some future bard shall trace,
Such as ne'er yet adorn'd the fleecy laie.
A patient temper, to all ills resigned,
Sense almost human, to good nature join'd.
No charms for herhadfiovv'ry lawn or grove,
'TwaS man she sought — to man gave all her

love.
Had she but liv'd in fiction's classic day?,
The muse had sung her fame in deathless

lays;
Had fondly to-d, that her net mortal frame
Ketnrn'd from earth to hcav'n, from whence

it came ;
Atlvaiic'd to share with Aries on high,
The spare asaiga'd him in her native sky.

* It was a female sheep, but by the sailor-
was e^.istantly ci'.led Jack.

103

An Account of a Method of dividing Astronomical and other
Instruments by ocular Inspection, in which the usual Tools for
graduating are not employed, the whole Operation being so core
trived, that no Error can occur but what is chargeable to Vision,
when assisted by the best optical Means of viewing and measuring
minute Quantities. By Mr. Edward Troughton.

To divide, with accuracy, the
instruments that are immediately
subservient to the purposes of astro-
nomy, is an object of the first im-
portance to the perfection of t\'\c
science. Much of this will always
depend on the skill of the operator :
but whatever tends to facilitate his
labours, or assist his skill in the
attainment of its object, "cannot fail
tobe received by him with gratitude.

Mr. Troughton, while apprentice
to his late brother, was emulous of
rivaling him in the art of dividing
instruments, in which he excelled.
In this pursuit he soon felt the inade-
quacy of the instruments employed.
The beam-compasses, spring-divi-
ders, and scale of equal parts, ap-
peared to him little better than so
many sources of mischief. From
the erroneous opinion, that of the
different branches of the art turning
alone bordered on perfection, he
was anxious to apply this principle
to the division of instruments. The
means of doing this were first sug-
gested to him by seeing the action
of the perambulator, or measuring-
wheel ; the surface of the earth pre-
senting itself as the ed-^c of the in-
strument to be divided, and the
wheel of the perambulator as a nar-
row roller acting on that edge ; and
hence he conceived the idea, that
some easy contrivance might be de-
vised for marking off the revolutions
and parts of the roller upon the in-
strument. The same idea had oc-
curred to Hook, Sisson, and many
others, but had not been carried into
practice.

When a roller is properly pro-
portioned to the radius of the cir-
cle to be divided, and with its edge
made a small matter conical, so that
one side may not be too great, and
the other side too little, it may be
adjusted so exactly, that it may be
carried several times round the cir-
cle without the error of a single
second ; and it acts with so much
steadiness, that it may not unaptly
be considered as a wheel and pinion
of indefinitely high numbers. Yet
such is the imperfection ofthe edges
of tlie circle and roller, that, when
worked with the greatest ore, the
intermediate parts, on a radius of
two feet, will sometimes be unequal,
to the value of half a minute or
more. This may be accounted for
by the difference in hardness ofthe
parts of the metal, for that it yields
considerably to the roller is evident.
The exterior border of the circle
being turned rounding, as it always
ought, so as to present to the roller
a convex edge, the radius of curva-
ture of which does not exceed a
tenth of an inch, the roller ought
to touch it only in a single point.
But the circle always marks the
roller with a list not less than a fif-
tieth of an inch broad, whence at
least 12° of the edge of the circle
must-come into contact with it at a
time, and the two surfaces must
yield to each other in depth by a
quantity equal to the versed sine
of half the arc, or ^ of an inch.
Hence the roller can only b trusted
through a very short arc, or as a
useful auxiliary to fill up short in-
P2

104 METHOD OF DIVIDING ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS, &C.

tervals, the limits of which have
been corrected by more certain
means.

Bird, the most accurate divider
of the age in which he lived, first
contrived the means of rendering
the usual divisions of the quadrant
bisectional ; and this, with his ex-
traordinary care in avoiding the
effects of unequal expansion from
change of temperature, chiefly dis-
tinguished his method from that of
others who divided by hand. This
desirable object he accomplished by
the use which he made of a finely
divided scale of equal parts. The
thing aimed at was, to obtain a
point upon the arc at the highest
bisectional number of divisions from
0, which, in his eight-feet quad-
rant, was 1021 of 5' each = 85° 20'.
The extent of the beam-compasses,
with which he traced the arc upon
the limb of the instrument to be di-
vided, being set off upon that arc,
gave the points 0 and o'0° ; which,
being bisected, gave £0° more to
complete the arc. The arc of 30°
being bisected, gave the point 75°.
From the known length of the ra-
dius, the chord of 10° 20' was com-
puted, taken off from the scale, find
protracted forward from 75° ; while
the chord of 4° 40', ascertained in
the same manner, was set off from
90° backwards, meeting the chord
of 10° 20' in the continually bi-
sectional arc of 85° 20'. This point
being found, the work was carried
on by bisections ; and the chords,
as they became small enough, were
set off beyond this point, to supply
the remainder of the quadrantal one.

Mr. John Troughton, for want of
a scale of equal paits on which he
could rely, contrived to divide bi-
sectionaliy without one. The arcs of
(10° and oO3 jnvin<r the total arc as

before, he bisected the last arc of
SO3, the last of 15% and the last of
7° SO'. The two marks nearest 90°
were then 82° SO' and 36° 15'. This
space being divided equally into
three parts, the more forward of the
two gave 85°. The portion of the
arc between this and 86° 15' being
divided into three, the more back-
ward of the two denoted 85° 25'. —
Lastly, if we divide either of these
three spaces into five, and set off
one of these fifth parts backwards
from 85Q 25', we shall have the
desired point of 85° 20'.

Mr. Smeaton, remarking the want
of unity of principle in Bird's me-
thod, as he proceeds partly. on the
ground of the protracted radius,
and partly upon that of the com-
puted chord, which, he observes,
may, or may not, agree ; and con-
sidering the exactness of the total
arc as of little value to astronomy,
would proceed entirely on the simple
principle of the protracted chord,
to secure the essential property
of equality and division. Mr. J.
Troughton's method, while it equal-
ly proceeded on the simple princi-
ple to procure equality of division,
secured the precise measure of the
total arc, like Bird's.

Ramsden's method of dividing by
the engine unites so much accuracy
and facility, that a better can hardly
be wished for in the division of in-
struments of moderate radii.

The method of Hindley, as de-
scribed by Smeaton in the Philoso-
phical Transactions for 178G, can-
not by any means be recommended,
as it consists of a train of violent
operations with blunt tools, anyone
of which is sufficient to stretch the
materials beyond, or press them
within, their natural state of rest.

The mode usually practised in

METHOD OF DIVIDING. ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS, &C 105

London, of dividing by hand with
beam-compasses and spring-divi-
ders in the usual way, with the ad-
dition of examining the work by
microscopes, and correcting it, as
it proceeds, by pressing forward or
backward by hand, with a fine co-
nical point, those dots which ap-
pear erroneous, admits of conside-
rable accuracy, provided the ope-
rator has a steady hand and good
eye ; but the work will ever be irre-
gular and inelegant, and occupies
a great deal of time.

To describe the method of Mr.
Edward Troughton fully, would
take up too much of our room, and
require several plates ; for this,
therefore, we must refer to the Phi-
losophical Transactions for the pre-
sent year, Part I. contenting our-
selves with a brief outline. — Round
the circular edge of the instrument
a roller is made to revolve, equal to
a sixteenth part of the circle to be
divided, or revolving once in 22°
SO'. The roller is divided into six-
teen parts, each corresponding with
an angle of l9 24 22*5 " on the cir-
cle. This number was chosen, on
account of its being capable of con-
tinual bisection, though it does not
fall in with the ultimate divisions of
the circle, which are intended to be
equal to 5' each. In these divisions
of the roller accuracy is not essen-
tial, in consequence of the subse-
quent corrections. The diameter
at the upper edge of the roller is
about a thousandth of an inch
greater than at the lower edge. —
When the roller has been brought
to measure the circle exactly, its
divisions are marked off by means
of two microscopes, with their mi-
crometers and an appropriate dot-

ting instrument, so as to make 256
divisions, as near as may be, to the
edge of the circle.

These dots are now to be exa-
mined, by making the wire of one
microscope bisect the first dot, and
that of the other the opposite dot,
which should be 180° distant. If,
while the microscopes remain fixed,
the circle be turned half round, or
till the first microscope coincides
with the opposite dot, and ihc other
microscope is then exactly at the
first dot, it is obvious they are just
ISO degrees apart ; but if they
disagree, half the quantity of this
disagreement, as measured by the
divisions of the micrometer head,
will be the error of the opposite di-
vision. One of the microscopes
remaining fixed as before, the other
is next to be removed to a position
at right angles with it, and the bi-
section of the semicircle verified as
before. Thus all the dots are to be
verified, and their errors tabulated,
whether plus or minus. From these
dots, and the correction of their er-
rors by the table, the instrument is
ultimately divided.

To obviate the difficulty of di-
viding the roller with sufficient ex-
actness, Mr. Troughton had re-
course to what he calls a subdi-
viding sector, which also serves the
equally important purpose of re-
ducing the biscctional points to the
usual division of the circle. This
sector Mr. Troughton divides from
the engine, as the readiest method,
and inferior to none in point of ac-
curacy, where the radius is very
short ; but as it is more liable than
any other to centrical errors, Mr.
Troughton adjusts the arc of this
sector by a screw, which likewise

106

BRITISH SPOUT*.

reduces any undue run in the action
of the roller to an imperceptible
quantify.

When ihe utmost degree of ac-
curacy is required, Mr. Troughfon
prefers dividing by lines, because
they are made v.ith a less forcible
effort than dots ; and because, if
any small defect in the metal cause
the cutter to deviate, it will pro-
ceed again in its proper course, after
passing the defective part, and a
partial crookedness in the line will
be the only consequence ; whereas
a dot, under similar circumstances,
would be altogether displaced. Di-
vision by lines too, is complete in
itself, while that by dots requires
lines to distinguish their value.

Mr. Troughfon having to divide
an instrument in the winter, when
scarcely six hours of effective day-
light could be obtained in London,
rather than confine his labours with-
in these limits, chose to exclude |
the day-light altogether. Accord-
ingly, he had recourse to two lamp

lanterns with very small wicks,

which gave sufficient light, when

kept from diverging by a convex

lens, while the inclining nossel was

directed down exactly upon the

part looked at ; and the light, hav-
ing also passed through a thin slice

of ivory, was divested of all its

glare, He thinks he never saw his

work to so much advantage as in

this instance; and adds, that the

heat from a pair of these lanterns ll fifty such days.

was very inconsiderable, and chiefly
conducted along with the smoke up
the reclining chimney, which was
made for this purpose at the top of
the lantern. In many kinds of fine
work done by the light of a lamp,
whether confined in a lantern or not,
the heat is frequently found a great
inconvenience, from its acting so
particularly on the head, which
must be held near it. I conceive
it would always be found of advan-
tage, to surround the lantern loosely
with a thick coating of flannel, ex-
cept at ihc parts where the air is to
be admitted, and the light and
smoI«:e to issue out : and when an
open light is used with a metal
shade, the side of the shade next
the operator might advantageously
be covered with flannel. In burn-
ing an open lamp, I have found the
heat thrown off from polished metal
offensive ; while, from a lamp co-
vered with a dark varnish, I felt
no inconvenience.

It remains only to notice the
saving of time in Mr. Troughton's
method. He says, that thirteen
days, of eight hours each, are well
employed in dividing a circle by
it ; but this circle would take about
fifty-two days in Bird's method ;
and the method by adjustment,
supposing every dot to be tried, and
two-thirds of them to want adjust-
ing, which is a fair supposition,
would require about a hundred and

Plate 7.— BRITISH SPORTS.

(Continued from page 34:.)

No race of the feathered creation
is perhaps so extensively diffused
over the face of the earth as the
partridge, and scarcely any equals

it in fecundity. It is said to live
twenty years, but is seldom suffered
to die of old age. There are more
than twenty varieties of the par-

BRITISH SPORTS.

107

fridge, all of which may, however,
be classed under two grand divi-
sions, the red and the grey. The
former is the largest, and often
perches upon trees ; but it is the
latter, the most common and so
well known for the excellence of
its flesh, that is represented in the
annexed engraving, and that we
shall proceed to describe.

The male weighs about fourteen
ounces ; it is fourteen inches in
length from the extremity of the
bill to the toes, and nearly twenty
between the tips of the wings when
extended. Its bill is'at first brown,
afterwards blackish ; the iris of the
eyes is yellowish, and the breast is
marked with a red spot in the shape
of a horse-shoe, which the female
has not. The lower chap, and the
sides of the head, are of a saffron
colour, which is followed by ash
blue, with transverse black, and
afterwards yellowish grey stripes.
The belly is speckled with red, ash
colour, and black. The tail, about
three inches and a half long, is
composed of twelve yellowish fea-
thers, of an ash colour at the tips.
The legs arc naked below the joints,
and have no vestige of a spur. The
feet arc greenish, but turn light
when the bird grows old ; and the
toes are connected by a membrane.

Partridges begin to pair off about
the end of February, or the begin-
ning of March ; they make their
nests upon the ground, chiefly in
the thick bottom of hedges, and in
the hedge-rows, though they are
frequently found in fields of clover,
and sometimes, though seldom, in
standing corn. The hen usually
lays from fifteen to twenty eggs, and
generally produces a bird from each
about the end of June. Instances

have, however, been known of birds
considerably more numerous. In
1793, on a farm belonging to Mr.
Piatt, near Terling, in Essex, a
partridge's nest, containing thirty-
three eggs, was found in a fallow
field : of these twenty-three were
hatched, and the whole went off
with the hen ; of the remaining
eggs, four had live birds in them.
In 1798 a nest was found at El-
borough, in Somersetshire, with
twenty-eight eggs; and in 1801,
another, containing thirty-three,
was dicovered in Mr. Clarke's plan-
tations atWelton-place, in the coun-
ty of Nottingham. Nothing but
this extraordinary fecundity could
repair the prodigious havoc which
is annually made among the species.
The young are termed covies ;
and if the season prove favourable,
they are able to follow the hen al-
most as soon as hatched. Though
they are exposed to numerous chan-
ces of premature destruction from
vermin, torrents of rain, and other
vicissitudes, yet from six to nine
brace are commonly brought up to
Hy with the old ones. The hen is
so strongly attached to her young,
that she will oppose any difficulty,
encounter every danger, and face
death in every form, to ensure their
safety. Although timid to stupi-
dity, and at times rendered almost
insensible by her fears, yet great
sagacity is observable in her endea-
vours to preserve her offspring.
When very young, and unable to
save themselves by- flight, and in
all cases of danger, especially when
approached by that fatal enemy,
the dog, she will rise, and lead him
on, by short flights, or rather ho-
verings, of thirty or forty yards,
but just above the ground, till hav-

10S

BU1TIS11 SPORTS.

ing induced him to follow to a suf-
ficient distance from her helpless
family, she takes a longer and more
circuitous unite at each succeeding
exertion ; and having completely
baffled her pursui r, ;i still stronger
effort returns hex to her young in
safety.

" A partridge,*' says Mr. White,
in his Natural History, " came out
of a ditch, and ran along, shivering
with her wings, and crying out as
if wounded and unable to get from
us : but while the dam feigned this
distress, a boy who attended me
saw the brood, which was small,
and unable to fly, run for shelter
into an old fox's hole under the
bank."

Mr. Markwick also relates that,
as he was once hunting with a young
pointer, the dog ran on a brood of
very small partridges : the dam im-
mediately cried, fluttered, and ran
trembling along before the dog's
nose, till she had drawn him to a
considerable distance ; when she
took wing and ilew farther off, but
not out of the field. The pointer
then returned nearly to the place
where the young lay concealed ;
upon which the old bird flew back
again, and repeated her artifice of
lolling and tumbling about before
the dog's nose, till she succeeded in
diverting his attention, and thus
preserved her helpless progeny.

Whenever a covey is unavoid-
bly separated, by the approach of
danger, to a considerable distance,
nature has kindly afforded them
means of re-assembling, in the pro-
perty of calling, which they possess
in an eminent degree. The imita-
tion of this call has been brought to
great perfection by poachers, who
avail themselves of it to allure these
birds to destruction.

As soon as the corn is cut down,
and they are deprived of the shelter
under which they were bred, par-
tridges display a wonderful timidity
and dread of danger, with which
the whole covey are impressed, by
the uneasiness and inexpressible
anxiety of the hen for the safety
of her young. They change their
situations repeatedly in the course
of the day, as well to ensure their
safety as to supply the wants of na-
ture. In the lirst part of the shoot-
ing season, while the stubbles are
fresh, and not too bare or too much
beaten by cattle, they are to be
found there both late at night and
early in the morning. After feed-
ing here, if not disturbed, they rise
gently in a cluster, by signal from
the hen, and glide or skim along,
with as little flutter as possible, to
the nearest turnips, standing clo-
ver, rushy moors, or low grassy
coverts, in some of which they are
mostly to be found during the day,
and not unfrequently near a ditch
or running stream about noon, as it
is about this time, and in general
once a day, that they resort to such
situations for water.

]n partridge-shooting, pointers
only are brought into the field, at
least by those who lay claim to the
appellation of sportsmen. Theshooi-
ing season begins, according to act
of parliament, on the first of Sep-
tember, and terminates on the first
of February.

When the months of May and
June are dry, partridges are in ge-
neral exceedingly numerous, and
proportionally strong upon the
wing, by the commencement of the
shooting season ; but in case of
heavy rains, the destruction is in-
evitable, as they not only chill the
eggs during incubation, and drown

GOLD AND SILVER MEDALS.

109

numbers of the young almost as
soon as they are out of the shell,
but are also destructive to ants,
upon whose eggs the young par-
tridges principally subsist.

Partridges are included in every
act of parliament for the preserva-
tion of game : the penalty for kill-
ing one by any unqualified person

is five pounds ; and if such unqua-
lified person kills, or goes in pur-
suit of either partridge or any other
species of game, ■with intent to kill,
without having taken out a certi-
ficate from the clerk of the peace
for the county, he is then liable to
a farther penalty of twenty pounds.

Plate 9— DESCRIPTION OF THE GOLD AND SILVER MEDALS

Offered for Communications to the Repository of Arts, fyc.

Ix an early number of this mis-
cellany, the proprietor announced
his intention of presenting seven
gold and silver medals to the au-
thors of the best essays on certain
subjects, communicated within a
given time for the use of this work.
Asthis proposal, however, was print-
ed only on the cover of the Repo-
sitory, and may probably have es-
caped the notice of many of the
readers, he thinks this will be a
sufficient apology for repeating it.

In a publication of the nature of the
Repository of Arts, &c. the public natu-
rally expect novelty and variety as well
as excellence. In order to combine these
advantages the proprietor has engaged
persons of superior talents in the several
departments of literature; but that this
work may unite every species of lite-
rary merit, so far as it is practicable,
he has also endeavoured to establish the
means of communication with the conti-
nent; and he flatters himself with having
made arrangements which will eventually
gratify the public with such literary in-
formation from thence, as can be procu-
red through any channel. The success of
these arrangements must necessarily be
partial and precarious ; but with a view
to excite the emulation of the learned,
and to induce the communications of
the ingenious at home, it is proposed to

give THREE COLD MEDALS,

No. VIII. Vol. II.

the intrinsic value of each of which, inde-
pendent of workmanship, shall be at least
ten guineas, for the best essays on the
following subjects :
First gold medal for the best essay on

Taste, Literature, and Philosophy.
Second gold medal for the best essay on

the Arts, and the means of improv mg

them in this country.
Third gold medal for the best essay on

Religion and Morals, with a view to

their present state in England.

AND FOUR SILVER MEDALS OF EQUAL
WORKMANSHIP.

First silver medal for the best essay on
Agriculture, with a view to the appli-
cation of our knowledge in the arts and
sciences to its improvement.

Second silver medal for the best essay on
Commerce, comprising a view of its
present state, from authentic docu-
ments.

Third silver medal for the best essay on
the Manufactures of Great Britain.

Fourth silver medal for the best histo-
rical account of the progressive Im-
provements in the Arts, Agriculture,
Commerce, and Manufactures, of this
country ; their effect upon the morals
and manners of the people ; and stat-
ing the best means for their future ad-
vancement. »
The essays to be delivered on or be-
fore the 1st of January, 1810, at Mr.

Ackermann's Repository of Arts, &c.

101, Strand.

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

The writer will please to inscribe his '
treatise with some verse, and accompany i
it with a paper, sealed up, containing his |
rjame and address, and inscribe on the '
outside the same verse his treatise is j
marked with ; which paper, in case his i
treatise should be entitled to the medal, I
will be opened, or otherwise destroyed, |
or returned unopened, if desired. It has
been suggested to the proprietor, that it
will be improper to confine the essays to
any particular quantity; the writers are
therefore merely requested to bear in
mind, that the prize essays are intended
to be published in this Magazine.

Any gentleman or lady who has gra-
tuitously communicated twopapers (how-
ever short, or on whatever subject), for
the Repository dining the year 1809,
may become candidates for either of the
medals; and should an influx of comma- j
nications prevent or delay their insertion,
the writer shall be not less entitled to ;
compete for the medal, if such commu-
nications are accepted for publication :
and in order to obviate any question that
may arise upon this point, a list will be
yiven of the subjects which are accepted
for publication, in the Magazine for the
month of December, 1 809, but which
may not have been inserted at that time.
The judges will be selected from among
gentlemen of the utmost respectability
for knowledge and ability; and in order
to guard against the imputation of par-
tiality, or even the bias of friendship,
their names will not be announced till
their decisions are communicated, when
their respectability and competency will
be abundantly obvious.

The medals will be delivered in the
month of February, 1810.

No candidate will be entitled to receive

more than one of the gold or silver medals.

With the present number of the

Repository r, we have the satisfac-

tion to present the public with an
elegant engraving of the intended
medals, by S. Mitan, from the de-
signs of Burney.

On one side is represented Mi-
nerva reclining against a loom, and
resting her left hand on the Bird of
Wisdom, -which stands upon an al-
tar, the emblem of Religion. Close
to the latter is placed a circular
scrim'irm, or tin case, containing
rolls of ancient manuscripts. Over
this is seen the caduceus of Mer-
cury, the symbol of Commerce ;
and below, a plough, the represen-
tative of Agriculture. In the back-
ground is perceived a globe, the
emblem of Science. The reverse
exhibits a serpent, (lie emblem of
Eternity, entwined with a laurel
crown.

The die will be executed by Mr.
G. F. Fid'geoti, whose talents in that
line are so weli known and so highly
appreciated.

Before we dismiss this subject, we
shall take the liberty of making an
observation, which Ave trust will not
be deemed misplaced. The offeror"
medals is a feat ure which dist inguish-
csihcRcposilor// from every contem-
porary publication; and while the
considerable add it ionalexpcnce thus
incurred, evinces our gratitude for
the patronage and support experi-
enced in a most extraordinary cir-
culation, we hope it will also be
looked upon as a pledge of our so-
licitude to procure i\>r our pages a
regular supply of such articles as
are best calculated to inform, to

amuse, and to interest.

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARV, SCIENTIFIC, Szc.
Notwithstanding the nume- II China, we know but little of her lite-
reus volumes published respecting ji rature. This is not surprising, when

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

Ill

wc consider, that the Chinese is con-
fessedly the most difficult of all
known languages. Yet there is no
doubt, but that translations of some
Chinese works would greatly con-
tribute towards the accurate know-
ledge of that most interesting coun-
try. It is, therefore, with consider-
able satisfaction, that wc announce
to our readers a work, now in the
press, which will be hailed by the
serious part of the public in this
country, and throughout Europe,
asextrcmely valuable ; namely, The
Penal Code of China, illustrated
with notes by the translator. Its
title in the original is Ta-Tsing-
Eeu-Lee. This body of penal laws,
successively promulgated by the
Chinese emperors of the reigning
dynasty, and which is in full force,
must be uncommonly interesting to
the philosopher, the legislator, the
statesman, and all other individuals
who think that u man1' ought to be
the chief study of man. Without
pretending to particular informa-
tion, we believe that the above data
will be found tolerably correct. —
This work is now printing for one
of the most respectable publishers in
Great. Britain, and will, it is sup-
posed, appear early next spring.

In a short time will be publish-
ed, An Essay on Theatres, and on
the Propriety of Vaulting them
with Brick or Stone; illustrated
Avith a plan and section for a new
theatre. The object of this essay
is to revive the knowledge exem-
plified in the construction of the
vaults of ancient cathedrals; and
to shew that a theatre built on simi-
lar principles, would be of conside-
rable benefit to the proprietor, both
in reducing the ex pence of the
erection, and the rate of insur-

ance ; and at the same time secure
the audience against the dreadful
hazards to which they are liable,
from the present mode in which
these edifices are built.

An Irish gentleman of rank, who
lately spent three years in London,
is preparing for publication, A Se-
ries of letters to his Father in Ire-
land ; containing the secret history
of the British court and metropolis,
and said to illustrate, with singu-
lar ability, the state of modern
manners and society.

Mr. W. Ward, lecturer on ex-
perimental chemistry, has in the
press, A Dictionary of Chemistry
and Mineralogy, which will speed-
ily make its appearance, in one
volume, illustrated with plates.

The Pulpit, or a Biographical
and Literary Account of eminent
popular Preachers for 1809, by
Onesimus, is just ready for publi-
cation, in one volume octavo.

Sir John Carr has for some time
been revising his Poems for the
press. They will form an octavo
volume, with a portrait ; but a few
copies will be printed in quarto.

Mr- Andersen, author of a Tour
in Zealand, is preparing for publi-
cation a Dane's Excursion in Bri-
tain, to consist of two or three small
octavo volumes.

The Rev. James Wilmot Ormsby,
chaplain on the staff of the army, is
engaged upon an account of the
operations of the British army in
Spain and Portugal, and of the
state and sentiments of the inhabi-
tants of those countries in 1808 and
1809. It will form two octavo vo-
lumes.

The Peerage of Scotland, by
Sir Robert Douglas, of Glenbervie,
Bart, continued to the present time
Q2

112

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C«

by J. P. Wood, Esq. in two vo-
lumes, is in the press ; the first
edition of this work, the result of
the most assiduous application for
many years, and a painful enquiry
into the public records and ancient
chartularics, published in 1764,
having become extremely scarce.
The editor has made every endea-
vour to obtain ace urate information,
in order to complete and correct the
work to the present time.

Sir Brooke Boothby has in the
press The English Msop, a col-
lection of fables, ancient and mo-
dern, in verse, translated, imitated,
and original, in two post-octavo vo-
lumes.

Mr. A. Murray, fellow of the
Antiquarian Society of Edinburgh,
and secretary for foreign corre-
spondence, will soon publish, in
quarto, Researches into the Origin
and Affinity of the Greek and Teu-
tonic Languages.

A Treatise on the Diseases and
Management of Sheep ; with in-
troductory remarks on their anato-
mical structure, and an appendix,
containing documents exhibiting
the value of the Merino breed, and
their progress in Scotland, will soon
appear from the pen of Sir George
Stewart Mackenzie, of Coul, Bart.

Mr. James Wardrop, fellow of
the Royal College of Surgeonc, and
of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,
has in the press, Observations on
the Fungus lloemalodes, or Soft
Cancer. It contains the history
and appearance on dissection of
that disease, in several of the most
important organs of the body, il-
lustrated by cases and plates.

Mr. J. Wilson, surgeon, late of
(Eruy's Hospital, will speedily pub-
lish Pharmacopeia Chirurgica, or

Formulae of the different Hospi-
tals.

In a short time will be published,
in one small volume folio, Crom-
wclliana, or Anecdotes, from au-
thentic Documents, illustrative of
the Character of Oliver Cromwell
and his Family.

Translations of the following
French works are in the press : —
1. Voyage to the South Seas, by
order of Bonaparte. 2. Voyage
to Pekin, by M. de Guignes,
French resident in China . 3. Tra-
vels in Turkey and Persia, by M.
de Gardanne, brother to the French
ambassador at the Persian court.
4. Laborde's Viezo of Spain, com-
prising a descriptive itinerary and
topographical delineation of each
province of that kingdom.

Mr. G. Dyer, who has been for
some years occupied in making en-
quiries into the state of the public
libraries of this island, has found
it expedient to suspend his re-f
searches, though he has by no means
given them up. As the work
branches out into various parts,
and is become far more extensive
than was originally intended, it
is not likely to make its appearance
for some years. In the mean time,
Mr. Dyer is employed in preparing
for publication, a complete edition
of his poetical works, in four vo-
lumes duodecimo, which will be
published by subscription.

The posthumous works of the
late Rev. John Skinner, of Long-
side, Aberdeenshire, will shortly
be published in two octavo vol umes.
A third, containing a collection of
the author's poetry, will also speed-?
[\y appear.

A mine of zinc ore has been dis-
covered on Lord Ribblesdale's es5

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, 8cC.

fate in Craven, Yorkshire, where
there were formerly copper-mines.
This ore has been used in painting
as a substitute for white lead, the
colour of which it attains by long
exposure. It does not blister, is
more adhesive, and is not decom-
posed by salt water. This mineral
is found in strata at the bottom of
caverns, about eight fatrititans from
the surface, in some places six feet
thick. One of the caverns is 104,
another 84, a third 40 yards in
length, and about 14 wide. It is
supposed to have been sublimed by
a volcano, as the stone's surrounding
it have been vitrified. If this dis-
covery should be followed by
others of a like kind, so as to afford
a full supply of the mineral, and it
should be found to answer the pur-
poses required, it is possible that
the use of white lead as paint, with
its deleterious effects, may be in a
great degree superseded.

The Society of Agriculture and
Commerce of Caen, in France, re-
port, that M. Gabriel Desetable
has lately presented to them speci-
mens of paper manufactured from
straw by means of an instrument so
simple in its construction, that any
person who pleases may make pa-
per equal to the most practised
workman. The scheme of straw
paper has not justified expectation
in England ; but under a machine
of new powers it might perhaps be-
come more tractable.

M. Haas, printer at Basle, has
directed his attention to improve-
ments in the principle of stereo-
type, by simplifying the plates.
He has so far succeeded as to have;
copied a series of medals by means
of the stereotype.

A work, interesting to the lovers

of antiquities and the arts, has been
recently published at Rome, con-
sisting of a collection of engravings,
carefully executed, representing
the deities, altars, tripods, cande-
labra, basso-relievos, quadriga?,
vases, urns, &c. of antiquity ; with
an account of the places where the
originals are now to be inspected.
A few sheets of letter-press explain
the subject of each plate.

Mr. Gottlob Benjamin Robenstein,
of the Royal Cabinet of Antiquities
at Dresden, has published an imi-
tation of Lippert's collection of
pastes, the impressions of which
are not at all inferior in sharpness
and elegance to those of the origi-
nals. It consists of three large fo-
lio volumes : the first with 1005
mythological subjects, from antique
gems ; the second with 1095 histori-
cal ; and the third with 1049 partly
of the one, partly of the other. The
pastes are with yellow borders gilt
on the edges ; and he furnishes the
whole, package included, for 50 du-
cats, (231. 0's. 8d.) They were agree-
ably to Lippert's catalogue, publish-
ed in three large quarto volumes, by
Breitkopf and Hacrtel, in 1762-5.
He has likewise copied Visconti's
collection in sulphur, consisting of
1237 casts, which he sells for 18
ducats, (81. 8s.)

Mr. Fr. Hegi is engraving and
publishing, at Zurich, a collection
of costumes of the middle age. The
first part exhibits portraits of vari-
ous persons of the 12th century : as
Roger, Count of Sicily ; Richard
Coeurde Lion ; Elizabeth, Countess
of March, third wife of King John.

The celebrated Last Supper of
Leonardo de Vinci, at Milan, has
suffered so much from damps and
other circumstances, that it will

114

KEV1EW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

soon he totally destroyed. Bossi is
taking a copy of it in oil, of the
original size, from which it is after-
wards lobe executed in mosaic.

The subterranean passage by
which the emperor went privately
from the palace of the Caesars, on
Mount Caelips, at Rome, to the
Flavian amphitheatre, has been
lately discovered. From, it have
been taken a number of architectu-
ral fragments, capitals, cornices,
and vases, proofs of the splendour
of its decorations. Some fine tor-
soes too have been found, and a
head of Mercury, which appears
to have belonged to the statue for-
merly in the garden of the pope,
and now in the Chiaramonti Mu-
seum. Several pipes and gutters
for carrying off water were met
with, and twenty rooms, of very
small dimensions, and lighted only
from the top. These are presumed j
to be the foniiecs mentioned so frc- i
tjuer.tly by Martial, Seneca, and j
Juvenal.

A Mr. Baradelle has constructed
a pen, which he terms capillary,
capable of tracing 14 t lines in the
space of a French inch.

Darwin's Zoonouiia, which h:id
already been translated into (lev-
man and Italian, has lately appeared
in French.

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

An Essaj/ on the Torpidity of Ani-
mals. By Henry Reeve, M. I).
Member of the Royal College of
Physicians, London, and Fellow
of the Linnaan Society. 8vo.

The subject of the torpidity which
pertain animals periodically under-
v.", has long engaged the attention

of naturalists. It seems to be a wise
provision of nature which adapts
them to the peculiar circumstances
in which they are placed, and at
the same time demonstrates the su-
periority of man, who is enabled to
enjoy his faculties in every medium
of temperature compatible with life.
Dr. Reeve observes, that, during
their state of hibernation, the tem-
perature of the animals is conside-
rably diminished, the circulation of
the blood becomes slower, and is
sometime* almost entirely stopped ;
the respiration is rendered less fre-
quent, and, when the torpor is com-
plete, wholly suspended ; the di-
gestion ceases, and the action of the
muscular and nervous powers is for
a time suppressed. Some animals
retain an inferior degree of sense
and voluntary motion, whilst others
lose these powers entirely. At the
approach of cold weather, when the
thermometer begins to sink below
50s5, these animals retire to their
holes in the earth, or in trees, or
bury themselves, in nests made of
hoy and dry leaves, under-ground,
where they fall into a kind of sleep,
and continue totally inactive until
the warmth of the sun, or the calls
of appetite, rouse them to the vi-
gorous exertion of another mode of
life. The causes which chiefly in-
duce this torpid state, are cold and
want of food. Dr. Reeve has col-
lected many interesting facts, and
has been enabled, by his own ob-
servations and experiments, to cor-
rect some erroneous suppositions of
preceding writers. His original mat-
II ter is rather scanty, and his work is
|| chiefly valuable for giving a correct.
| account of what is yet known upon
j; an obscure subject.

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

115

Observations on the Management
of the Insane, and particularly
on the Agency and Importance of
humane and kind Treatment in
effecting' their Cure. By Thos.
Arnold, M. D. Fellow of the
Royal College of Physicians of
Edinburgh, &c. $zc. and Physi-
cian to Hie Leicester Infirmary
and Lunatic Asylum. Svo. pp.61.
3s. sewed.

The author of this treatise has
been engaged many years in the care
of insane persons, and he has as-
certained by experiment what com-
mon sense won Id dictate to all hu-
mane and intelligent practitioners,
that kind treatment is most condu-
cive to the restoration of the un-
happy subjects of insanity. Surely
the wretched victims of a malady
which unfits them for the social
converse of men, deprives them of
all the endearing consolations of'j
their families, and excludes them !
from the dignity and high privileges
of their species, have a peculiar ;
claim upon our philanthropy. We !
are rejoiced to learn, from t lie pre-
sent little work, that Humanity- is
more generally exercised towards i
them, and that their comforts are i
more observed, whilst the happiest <
success has attended this improve-
ment in their condition.

Alter expatiating upon the bene-
fiis which have resulted from the j
" improved and improving state, in
this island, of the unhappy lunatic
in Iris confinement," Dr. Arnold thus
concludes : " For though 1 am well
aware that many instances will re-
main, even in this land of huma-
nily, of that hard and unfeeling
treatment of rlie insane, which 1
have lamented in the former part of
theso observations ; and that our i

public institutions for the reception
of the insane, have not yet given
occasion to the production of such
public proofs of advancement in the
cure of insanity, as might be ex*
pected to have been derived from
such establishments, hy the number
of able and scientific medical men,
to whom they have given oppor-
tunities of enlarged experience in
tiiis disorder: yet I am confident
that much may be expected from
such promising sources of improve-
ment ; and 1 see great reason to re-
joice in the cheering sunshine of
philanthropy which now illuminates
these mansions of the once most ne-
glected and ill-treated of human
beings ; and promises, both by its
immediate effects, and by its in-
creasing good consequences, not
only to ease the sufferings, but to
diminish the number of those who,
for ages past, have been but little
better than the monuments of mi-
sery, and outcasts of the human
race ; and 1 cannot but look for-
ward with hope to the time when
the healing art shall be conspicu-
ously successful in the cure of this
unhappy malady ; when reason shall
again almost resume her seat in the
human mind; when insanity shall
be a disorder scarcely known; and
man shall be so altered a being in
this respect, that he may exultingly
say with Virgil —

" redcuiit Saturnia cegna :

" Jam nova progenies caio deinittjjtur.alto."

Short and ingenious Method of
calculating 5 per cent. Interest
for any Number of Days.

RULE.

a J Multiply the principal with the
number of days.

116

MUSICAL REVIEW.

b) Take one-third of the product
(a).

c) Take one-tenth of the preceding-
sum (b).

d) Take one-tenth of the preceding
sum (c).

Add together, a, b, c, and d ;
cut off four figures from the right ;
what remains is the answer in
pounds, and the cut-oil' figures arc
the decimal fractions of a pound,
which may be reduced into shillings
and pence.

EXAMPLE.

What is the interest on ^285 for
220 days ?

a) 285 x 220 = 62700

b) takes . . . = 20900

c) take » . . . = 2090

d) take £ . . . - 209

Add up all . . = S5899

Cut off 4 figures = 8/)5899

1 b)7980
12

9tf)5760
Answer, «s£8 lis. 9d. which will
be found right, by working the ex-
ample in the common way.

N. B. Should there be any shil-
lings and pence iii the principal,
they may be converted into three or
four decimals, and the same opera-
tion performed on them, taking
care to cut off as many more figures
in addition to the four already di-
rected, as there have been decimals
added.

Although in very large sums, the
above method is subject to a slight
error, yet for the common purposes
of business it will be found suffi-
ciently correct. As the principle
upon which it rests is not dillicult

to discover, vrc should be glad if
any of our readers who is conver-
sant with figures, would favour us
with a communication, explaining
the principle upon which the above
rule is founded.

MUSICAL REVIEW.

The Battle of Aspern, on the Da-
nube, 22d3Iay, 1809, in which
the Austrian Forces under the
Command of II. R. II. the An 7'-
duhc Charles, totally defeated the
Grand French Army commanded
by Napoleon Bonaparte; a Grand
Military Piece for the Piano-
Forte, composedby J .W . pr. 5s.
Such is our admiration of the
hero whose glorious achievement
gave rise to this publication, and
our exultation at the happy pro-
spects into futurity which this glo-
rious display of his military supe-
riority over the inflated vanity of
his upstart antagonist, warrants us
to entertain, that probably our po-
litical partiality would have in-
duced us to treat with indulgence
any composition intended to com-
memorate so important an event,
were even its pretensions to our
notice greatly inferior to the merits
of this publication. But the "Bat-
tle of Aspern" needs no indulgent
critic, its composition is full of ge-
nius and science, and altogether
betrays the pen of an able master.
The u March towards the enemy"
is a fine and spirited movement.
The passage corresponding with
the words, "the fight commences,"
&c. are highly characteristic of the
bustle of war, and finely relieved
by some wild discords. The roar-
ing of the cannon, the charge of the
cavalry, platoon firing, &c. are well
depicted by appropriate musical

MUSICAL REVIEW.

117

expression. The destruction of the
French bridges, and, above all, the
drifting down of the rafts and fire-
ships, are most ably pourtrayed.
The two bars rest for the words,
" Napoleon meditates," are emi-
nently picturesque, and more ex-
pressive of the bulletin-monger's
disappointment and perplexity than
all the notes the musical scale af-
fords. They brought to our recol-
lection the fine contrivance of a
great painter, who, unable to de-
pict an excess of grief in the prin-
cipal figure of the group, painted
him in the act of hiding his face,
thus leaving the task to the imagi-
nation of the beholder. The termi-
nation of the allegro is as brilliant
as the victory of our brave allies,
si parca licet componere magnis.
A short andante, wherein " Ger-
many and Europe thank their heroic
deliverers," concludes the whole.
A more beautiful and affecting
movement than this we have not
heard for some time, at least not
among the compositions of the pre-
sent day. Its melody and harmony
are well calculated to go hand in
hand with those sensations of joy
which ever}r British heart must have
felt at the welcome tidings of the
first great humiliation encountered
by the enemy of social order.
Trois Sonata; a quatre Wains pour
le Piano-Forte, compostes comme
Etudes Progressives pourMadle.
Charlotte de Talleyrand; par J.
L. Dussek. Op. 66. pr. 7s. 6d.
Although thee sonatas are per-
fectly easy, and well adapted to
the powers of an incipient performer,
they possess, nevertheless, a pecu-
liar style of originality, and abound
with a variety office ideas, such as
Mr. D.'s talents and celebrity en-
titled us to expect.
No. VIII. Vol. II.

The first sonata is distinguished
by the gentle neatness of its sub-
ject, and a short, but pleasing tran-
sition in the second part (p. 3, I A).
In the rondo allegretto, likewise, a
certain playfulness prevailsthrough-
out, and the subject is branched out
into some skilful and well-connected
modulations.

The larghetto espressivo of the
second sonata is simply affecting;
it likewise contains some scientific
modulations, much in Mozart's best
style. Of such, we will content our-
selves with noticing one (p. 13, I. 2
and 3), which resolves itself into
the original theme in a manner
peculiarly happy and pleasing ;
and the conclusion possesses much
sweetness. The subject of the ron-
do, although elegant, is not new to
us ; we are pleased with the man-
ner in which the return to the theme
is protracted (p. 15, /. 5), as also
with the minor (p. 17), particu-
larly the solution into C, in the be-
ginning of the second part.

The subject of the third sonata is
very original, but the suspended
beginning of ihe second part (p. 23)
borders rather u pou the French style
of modulation : nevertheless, in va-
riety of ideas, it is by no means
inferior to the preceding sonatas.
A polonaise concludes the set ; the
theme of which is not only in the
true spirit of the polacca, but tha
whole abounds in scientific modu-
lations, and some good minor evo-
lutions are introduced in their pro-
per places. Upon ihc whole, we
take great pleasure in recommend-
ing; these sonatas to young students:
they will meet with no discouraging
difficulties ; on the contrary, we
have seldom seen, such good com-
position blended with so little ma-
nual labour.
R

118

FASHIONS FOR LADIL«.

Six favourite airs from the Beg-
gar's Opera (as sung by Mrs.
Dickons, Mr. Br ah am, and Mr.
JB art lemon, at the Nobility's Con-
certs), harmonized for three voi-
ces. By S.Webb, jun. Pr.Ss.6d.
We bave never felt for the mu-
sic in the Beggar's Opera that
enthusiastic degree of admiration
■which even our betters are in the
habit of bestowing upon it. If any
thing, however, can reconcile us
to that opera, it will be the able
and masterly manner in which these
airs have been harmonized by Mr.
Webb. The different voices are so
■well blended into each other, so
finely varied by appropriate re-
sponses, of Mr. W.'s invention, as
to make the whole appear like an
original composition for three parts.
The air, No. 4. " Cease thy fun-
ning," is particularly deserving of
praise in this respect. No. 3. " Oh,
ponder well," is likewise conspicu-
ous for the chaste accompaniment
of the other voices. The remaining
airs in minor keys are of a more
sombre cast, but not less beautiful
in point of harmony. Altogether,
these glees will, in our opinion, be
considered as a high treat by every
vocal amateur.

Canzonet. " Thou hast an Eye
of tender Blue,'' (from Lord
Strangford's Translation of Ca-
vioens, &>c. S?c.) with an Accom-
paniment for the Piano-Forte.
By Dr. John Clarke. Pr. 2s.
This chaste little air is preceded

by a short, but elegant symphony
in the polacca style, which more or
less prevails throughout the piece ;
but the manner in which it is to be
played is left to be guessed at. The
accentuation of the words "roses"
and " never," (pp. 2 and 3), we
think unpleasing ; nor do we think
that the trifling difference, if any,
between the music of the first and
second verses could warrant the re-
printing of the whole of the latter.
Three Airs, with Variations, for
the Harp, composed, and dedi-
cated to the Right Hon. Lady
Harriet Cavendish, by F. Dizi.
Pr. 5s.

The first and last of the themes
bear Mr. Dizi's name, and the se-
cond theme is taken from the Scotch
air, " The yellow-hair d Laddie'*
The Latin proverb, " variatio de-
lect at," will not be infringed by
this performance : the different va-
riations reared on the themes are
neat and well set ; in the minors
particularly, we think Mr. D. has
been eminently successful : the one
introduced p. 5, has our entire ap-
probation. We have only to add,
that, in our opinion, this perform-
ance will prove highly beneficial
to the advanced student on the harp ;
although, from the difficulty of
some of the variations, it appears to
us beyond the ruach of a mere no-
vice on that elegant aud fashionable
instrument.

FASHIONS FOR LADIES.

PLATE 11. WALKING COSTUME.

A vestal robe of the finest India
muslin or cambric, with a border
of lace or needle-work round the

feet, and continued up the front.
An Austrian spencer, with carme-
lite hood, composed of white or
silver-ijrey satin, or of Paris net,

" & CO

OSXTOSTofdl 00 tWlSlrandZi

Piatt 12. Vol 2

\\ i

VSITOBYofAXI. !

SECOND LETTER FROM A YOUNG LADY.

119

Tvitli an appliqued border of French
lace or Chinese trimming, confined
at the throat with a silk cord and
tassel. A cornelian cross, suspended
from a gold elastic chain. French
watch, worn on the outside of the
robe ; the seals disposed in the cen-
ter of the bosom, by way of broach.
Parasol corresponding with the
spencer. Shoes and gloves of le-
mon-coloured kid.

child's dress.
A frock of fine cambric, with
small tucks round the bottom. An
Andalusian cosaque > or short coat,
of the same, ornamented with a
jonquille, or lemon-coloured bor-
der. A long silk throat-scarf of
the same colour, tied loosely at the
bosom, and finished with rich tas-
sels. A Spanish hat of imperial
chip, or plaited straw. Gloves and
slippers the same colour as the scarf.

PLATE 12. PROMENADE DRESSES.

No. 1. — A petticoat of cambric,
bordered with needle«work at the
bottom. An Egyptian vest of the
same, with correspondent border,
in primrose or straw-colour. Drawn

tucker of French lace, finished at
each edge with the same style of
border. A provincial bonnet of
fine moss or satin straw, ornamented
with a cluster of the double stock
in front. Austrian scarf, of light
blue sarsnet, tastefully disposed
across the back and shoulders ; the
ends finished with gold or silver
tassels. Shoes and parasol to cor-
respond with the scarf. Gloves of
York tan.

No. 2. — A cambric petticoat,
richly bordered at the feet in needle-
work and vandyke lace. An An-
dalusian cosaque of shot sarsnet,
edged round the bosom, and at the
feet and wrists, with the s- m^, and
tied down the front with bows, and
ends of white silk cord. A con-
vent veil, of French lace, thrown
back, so as to display the hair in
front, which appears divided on
the forehead, and flowing in irre-
gular ringlets on each side of the
face. Opera glass, with gold Ve-
netian chain. Parasol and slippers
correspondingwit'i the coat. Gloves
of lemon-coloured kid,

SECOND LETTER FROM A YOUNG LADY IN LONDON
TO HER SISTER IN THE COUNTRY.

What a dear, delightful, extra-
ordinary world this London is, my
dear Constance ! — Yes ! London !
for here we are still, although the
heat is now such as would make
even the shade of your groves en-
durable. Don't write me any more
of the " vitiating crowds of dissi-
pated mortals" and such like
country stuff, unless you have a
mind to kill me with laughing at
your romantic absurdity. It is all
very well in you to make a virtue
of necessity; but, excuse me, dear

sister, if I candidly tell you, that
the grapes are often only sour be-
cause they are placed beyond our
reach. I'd lay my life on't, that
you would be just as gay and ener-
getic as myself, were you here.
You would dress as much in stylt — •
seize pleasure with as much avidity
— and flirt it with the best of us.
By the wa3r, a word or two on this
said fashionable flirting: — Don't
imagine that this phrase svinifees
only a little of that vulgar tittering,
romping, and roguish chattering
112

120

SECOND LETTER FROM A YOUNG LADY.

practised by the squires' aping
daughters, and which amuses the
shepherds of your plains. My dear
love, it is quite another thing here.
I don't know that it means more,
but I assure you it goes much fur-
ther. I could give you some di-
verting and interesting accounts of
the rise and progress, termination
and consequences, of this same
stylish amusement ; but that I have
other matter for this letter, which I
propose shall contain a description
of what remains worthy of note
amidst the many fashionables who
yet continue in town. Besides all
this, as I happen to be in high
good humour this morning, I shall
give you the description of a dress
perfectly calculated for your forth-
coming assize ball ; and. which I
venture to pronounce, will draw
upon you the admiration of the
men, and the envy of the green
and yellow ladies of your vicinity.
Never mind these detracting misses !
You must expect to pay the com-
mon tribute which attends superio-
rity. 80, pray, encourage none of
your moral grieving at the frailty
of human nature — but plague these
tzorthies, by looking as well as you
can. Take the world as it goes,
dear Constance, and turn, if you
can, people's failings to your own
mirth and advantage. Thus am I
determined to act in future, thanks
to dear London for the lesson.
Away, therefore, with all senti-
mental musings, and visionary non-
sense ! making one pine after im-
possibilities, and spoiling one's per-
son, by fretting about what canin t
be cured, and hunting after sha-
dows.

I was last evening at the grand
ball and supper of the Honourable

Mrs. T-

. Her two daughters
shadowed forth as the two divinities
of the evening. Their dresses con-
sisted of tunics formed of silver
Persian net, with a beautiful border
of the same in matted shells : they
were disposed over under-dressesof
blush -coloured satin, trimmed at
the feet with a flounce of antique
lace ; a short sleeve of the Circas-
sian order, correspondently orna-
mented. Their hair was inter-
twined with pearl, and confined in
a knot at the back of the head,
somewhat in the Eastern style. The
effect was at once unique and ad-
vantageous. They danced alter-
nately with the Royal Dukes and
my Lord Gaygrove, who is ex-
pected soon to lead the eldest sister
to the altar of Hymen. This is a
match perfectly as it should be.
The lady possesses youth, beauty,
and much sweetness ; the gentle-
man riches, rank, and good sense.
What an enviable assemblage ; and,
alas ! how rare ! Should I ever en-
ter the pale of matrimony — that en-
trammelling and awe-inspiringstate,
nothing less than a Gaygrove will
satisfy me — so that my friends may
safely set me down as spinster for
life; though, I must confess, there
is something abominably repugnant
in the frigid epithet — a truce then
to the subject, in toto — and now to
business. I have little to say to
you on the general style of decora-
tion— little of novelty lias appeared
since I last addressed you, except
in a few individual ornaments.
You tell me that your spring pe-
lisse wears very ill : let your dress-
maker then reduce it to the short
coat, or Andalusian easaque — trim
it with Spanish binding, imperial
floss trimming, or vandyke lace.

SECOND LETTER FROM A YOUNG LADY.

121

These elegant and simple habits
now take place of the robe-pelisse,
and are well adapted to your sylph-
like figure.

I must not forget to inform you,
that feathers have lately been re-in-
troduced, as a general ornament;
and, amidst the haut ton, have
nearly exploded the flowers, which
were so much in vogue during the
spring months. They are worn
even on the large po\e bonnet, whe-
ther formed of straw, chip, or silk ;
and on flie evening hat they are still
more observable, and are here cer-
tainly more properly displayed.
The short Spanish and patriotic
mantle still continue fashionable
favourites, and are very pretty ap-
pendages to the hussar bonnet,
which should be composed of the
same material, and ornamented with
a feather of corresponding shades.
The French cloak, or scarf, trim-
med with broad black or white
lace, takes the lead at this moment.
As my finances preclude this ex-
pensive trimming, I will tell you
what I have adopted in its stead,
and which I assure you has a most
pleasing effect, and is wonderfully
admired : — I have a French scarf-
cloak, with rounded ends, reaching
a little below the knee. — It is com-
posed of figured sarsnet — the co-
lour bright lemon : a ribbon, better
than a nail wide, and to correspond
in shades with the sarsnet, is fur-
nished at each edge with a lace
beading, and placed round the
cloak by way of border. A double
frill of Vandyke lace ornaments the
throat, where it is confined in the
center with a large pale topaz, set.
in gold. I wear a small French
bonnet of the same, appliqucd with
lace beading, and ornamented in

front with pfe Rings of ribbon, simi-
lar to that which borders the cloak.
With it I add (out of doors) a short
and clear veil of white lace ; and in
the evening I often wear a small
ostrich feather of the same colour.
My shoes are of green kid — my
dress (otherwise) a vestal robe of
plain white muslin, trimmed with
lace, or needlework. Don't ask
me about the train cloak! it is,
in my opinion, a monstrous stretch
of invention, and very inconveni-
ent. I have seen but one that
pleased me, and that was worn by
a tall and elegant woman in sa-
bles, and was formed of black
crape : of course, they must ever
be confined to the carriage costume.
Now to your ball dress ! for
which I enclose you a sufficient
quantity of light green and silver
tissue, to compose that graceful gar-
ment called the Tj/rolese robe. I
send you its model in miniature!
You may trim it either with van-
dyke lace, or silver binding. The
width, which is gathered into a sil-
ver tassel, is brought from the
train (to which you will observe it
is united) directly across the front
of the figure, and confined on the
left shoulder. You must wear it
over an under-dress of white satin,
or twill sarsnet, trimmed with an
easy flounce of white lace at the
feet, or with a border composed
of variegated green rosettrs. Your
suit of pearl ornaments with dia-
mond studs, are a well-adapted
and elegant appendage to this dress.
I have had your coronet new set, in
the first style of fash ion — which you
will see is a sort of Chinese diadem.
You must divide your hair more
than usual on the forehead ; and
let the diadem be placed in the cvn-

122

MESSRS. MORGAN AND SANDERs's WARE-ROOM.

ter, while your hair falls in irre-
gular ringlets on each side ; or
bring your hair entirely from the
ear, in a wave across one side of
the forehead, and blend the ends
with the full curls which should or-
nament the other. A braid, or ca-
ble-twist, is the best to confine the
hair behind. The comb should, at
all times, correspond with the dia-
dem, or other ornament.— Before I
dismiss my subject, let me tell you
that the waist is generally increased
in length since my last account
reached you ; that lace and nee-
dlework is introduced in every part
of the outward dress. In the ball-
room we see chains of coloured gems

linked with, and set in gold, placed
directly across the bust, commenc-
ing from the bottom of the waist on
one side, and ending at the corner
of the bosom on the other. With
plain satin, or silk robes, this orna-
ment has an uncommonly rich and
striking effect.

Love me very much, dear sister,
for this long letter ; which exhibits
an abundant proof of that affection
for you, which neither distance,
time, nor events, can change or div
minish.

Good night! — God bless you !
Ever your

Belinda,

Plate 10.-

-MESSRS. MORGAN and SANDERS'S WARE-ROOM,
CATHERINE-STREET, STRAND.

ware-room of Messrs. Morgan and
Sanders, represented in the annex-,
cd engraving. The exhibition of
their patent sofa-beds, chair-beds,
brass screw four-post and tent bed-*
steads, newly invented imperial
dining-tables, portable chairs, Tra-
falgar sideboard and dining-tables,
Pitt's cabinet globe writing-table,
and numberless other articles, on
improved plans, in the upholstery
and cabinet-making business, evince
to what perfection modern ingenui-
ty and invention have arrived in
these lines. This establishment,
commenced by the present proprie-
tors in 1801, has been the means of
infusing new life into every depart-
ment of the business of furnishing
houses. The proprietors have not
only themselves, by dint of the
closest application and regularity,
executed very extensive orders for
a vast variety of the most elegant
] articles of furniture ; but their ex-

Could our good forefathers, the
description of whose simple habita-
tions, as given by Hollinshcd, we
have introduced in a former num-
ber of our Miscellany*, who were
content with a good round log un-
der their heads instead of a bolster,
but revisit the places in which they
passed their lives, and witness the
innumerable conveniences and lux-
uries possessed by their descend-
ants, even of the middling classes,
how would they be puzzled to dis-
cover the purposes for which many
of them were designed! And, on
gaining this information, how great
must be their astonishment at the
multiplication of human wants since
their dajs, and the ingenuity which
has devised the means of satisfying
them !

Such were the reflections that na-
turally occurred to us, on behold-
ing the spacious and well-furnished

* See Vol. I. p. 304.

LATE DRTJRY-LANE THEATRE.

123

ample has stimulated others in the
same line : and this competition
has contributed to the superiority
for beauty of design, and exquisite
Workmanship, of the different arti-
cles of drawing-room, dining-room,
library, and chamber furniture; and,
in short, of upholstery and cabinet-
work in genera], manufactured in the
metropolis of the British empire.

The exertions of Messrs. Morgan
and Sanders have not passed unre-
warded. They have been honoured
with the patronage of their Majes-
ties and several branches of the
Royal Family. Among many others
of the nobility whose support they
have experienced, they particu-
larly mention the late Lord Nelson,
for whose seat at Mcrton they were
executing a considerable order, at
the moment when the memorable
battle of Trafalgar deprived his
country of one of her most brilliant
ornaments. As a tribute of respect to

the victorious hero, the proprietors
were induced to give their manufac-
tory the name of Trafalgar-House.

In the premises in which this ex-
tensive concern is conducted, form-
ed of six houses united, are daily
employed nearly one hundred me-
chanics, besides other necessary
servants. The first floor of these
six houses is the principal ware-
room. In addition to the number
of persons constantly employed in
Trafalgar-House, above ten times as
many are gaining a livelihood im-
mediately in the employ of Morgan
and Sanders, in different parts of
London and its environs.

The honour and integrity of Bri-
tish tradesmen have often been the
theme of admiration with strangers.
It is; but justice to observe, that the
conduct of Messrs. Morgan and
Sanders in all their transactions, is
well calculated to exemplify and
support that character.

PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS.

LATE DRURY-LANE THEATRE.

The destruction of this superb
edifice immediately subsequent to
the calamity at Covent-garden,
pressed with increased inconveni-
ence upon the performers of that
establishment, who, by this unex-
pected blow, were deprived of ward-
robe, scenery, and theatre, and no
aid at hand to extricate them from
this difficulty, astheirbrethrenof the
other house, whom they had pro-
perly assisted in their distress, were
unable to render them a like service
in return. Perseverance, industry,
and honourable management, have,
however, effected wonders for them:
the select committee, after the suc-
cessful patronage which they expe-

rienced at the Opera-house, conti*
nued their labours at the Lyceum,
and the season has closed with a
success that has enabled them to
pay all the performers the whole of
their salaries for 191 nights, being
only nine nights minus of a regular
season. The benefits, generally
speaking, have been lucrative to the
respective performers, who, through
the medium of Mr. Wroughton,
returned their thanks in a neat and
appropriate speech.

The reflection that naturally ari-
ses from a view of this catastrophe,
is painful : not the remotest pro-
bability exists of the rebuilding of
any theatre competent to receive a
company of such magnitude, for

124

THE ENGLISH OPERA.

one scasOn at least ; and if we said
two years, we imagine we should
be nearer the fact. On the other
hand, the jarring interests, the jea-
lousies, and inconvenience that
must attend any attempt to form a
company without one direct and
ostensible head, seem to preclude
the possibility of a second and per-
fect winter company, unless an ar-
rangement should be made by the
proprietors with the renters, to for-
bear their claims for a certain pe-
riod ; an event that would place
Mr. Sheridan in a situation less em-
barrassing, and give him opportu-
nity to digest and organize plans for
a future establishment worthy the
metropolis of Great Britain.

THE ENGLISH OPERA.

The theatrical annals of this month
are distinguished by the formation
of a new institution at the Lyceum,
under the direction of Mr. Arnold,
called The English Opera. The
grand object of this establishment is
to patronize the genius and acquire-
ments of its own country, and to
cultivate a soil for the transplanta-
tion of those native flowers that
miffht otherwise be

" born to blush unseen,

*' And waste their sweetness on the desert air."

The success of Mr. Arnold's pa-
triotic attempts have already ex-
ceeded his most sanguine expecta-
tions .The theatre opened on the 26th
June, with an entirely new opera
from his pen ; and it is but justice
to quote a general remark as pecu-
liarly applicable to that gentleman,
namely, " a good head indicates a
good heart."

The opera alluded to is entitled
•' Up all Night, or The Smuggler's
Caxe" which forms a combination

of incident and character altogether
pleasing and interesting. The po-
etry is peculiarly elegant and figu-
rative. The music (by M. P. King)
is delightful, and the denouement
of the piece has been invariably ac-
companied by the rapturous plau-
dits of judicious and fashionable
audiences. This rational place of
amusement is decorated in the most
elegant manner, by Mr. Johnson,
of Drury-htne theatre. We admire
the new construction of the orches-
tra ; the seats, by being transversely
fixed, afford every performer the
essential advantage of seeing the
leader. The band is both nume-
rous and select, and is conducted in
a masterly manner by that excellent
musician, Mr. H. Smart. With re-
spect to the stage performers, when
we mention the names of Dowton,
Raymond, Smith, Mrs. Mountain,
Mrs. Bishop, &c. &c. whose merit
has been so sufficiently established,
u it were vain in us to censure, and
useless to praise them." We shall,
therefore, only speak of the junior
candidates for public favour ; and
it is with pleasure we name Mr.
Phillips and Mr. Horn as duly qua-
lified to receive a portion of that
British sanction, which we conceive
to be the purest source from which
British exertion can possibly ema-
nate. These gentlemen possess fine
voices, correct intonation, and are
adepts in the science of music. In-
dependent of Mr. Phillips's musi-
cal powers, he is also an admirable
actor ; and as these are talents which
are seldom united in one and the
same person, he will serve as a mo-
del to some of his cotemporary sing-
ers, particularly those who seem to
1 conceive that acting is of no conse-
i quence, and that the auricular or-

KING S THEATRE.

125

sans of the audience are alone to be
gratified.

HAY-MARKET THEATRE.

The farce, entitled " Killing no
Mifirder" was performed, for the
first time, after much expectation,
on Saturday, the 1st of July. Its
title reminds us of the pamphlet
which was published, and which
caused so much terror to Cromwell,
during his usurpation ; and indeed,
we must say, the piece, as well as
its title, is void of originality :
notwithstanding which, its busi-
ness and ingenuity seem likely to
give it a favourable turn. But it has
its objectionable parts, particularly
the ungenerous conduct of Buskin
slandering the woman he doats on,
from fear that another may be wed-
ded to her. This argues a depraved
mind and indifferent heart — not to
say a worse head. We were much
pleased with the duet between Mat-
thews and Liston, which well sa-
tirized the Italian opera and ballet.

The bon-mots certainly have sel
piquant ; but, like some other tri-
fling piracies we could mention, are
not ncxL\ The music, however, is
eood, and may boast of both science
and originality.

On the 10th ult. was performed
the new piece, entitled " The
Foundling of the Forest," by Mr.
Dimond, author of the Hero of the
North. Though neither the plot
nor character is original, yet it has
its merits. The fable is romantic
and interesting, tiie incidents we
found quite numerous enough, and
several situations shew us the ferti-
lity of the author's imagination.
One thing it can boast, which should
always be attended to in dramatic
writings, which is, stage effect;
for few theatric pieces will do both

No. VIII. Vol. II.

for the stage and the closet : but
the language of this piece is admi-
rable ; in which, however, we find
the author more successful in the
penseroso style than the allegro.
Mr. Young and Mrs. Glover are
admirable in the characters of Val-
mont and Eugenia. The apt and
pleasing music of this piece evinces
the excellence of its author, Mr.
Kelly, and does him infinite credit.
The dance in the second act is well
timed and well performed, and we
think the Foundling of the Forest
likely to prove a permanent fa-
vourite.

KING S THEATRE.

It is with much pleasure we find
our prophecy so amply fulfilled,
that Sidagero would continue a che-
rished favourite with the public.
We cannot exactly think the same
of the comic opera of La Qua'cro
Nazione, brought out on the litii
July. The music in the first act is

j worthy of admiration, as are a trio
and quart etto ; but the piece wants

j originality, and droops towards the

! conclusion.

We are concerned to hear of the
disagreement between Mr. Taylor
and M. D'Egville, who cannot be
denied the qualifications of a valu-
able ballet-master. We are of no
party, but always lament when the
public are deprived of one who has
so unremittingly exerted his talents,
and that with success, to please.
The ballet of Mara^s Lore, or the
enchanted Harp, was first performed
for the benefit of that incomparable
dancer, Angiolini. This ballet has
been mutilated, and its brilliant
effect thereby destroyed. Of this
we were sensible on July 11th ; for
though it went off with eclat, yet
S

126

CIRCUS — SADLEll's WELLS.

the great diminution of the figu-
rantes caused the audience to feel
the effects of the fracas between the
manager and the ballet-master.

CIRCUS.

In our last number, we gave
our opinion of the voice and abili-
ties of Mr. Mazzinghi's pupil, who
played the character of Polly : her
voice we thought sweet, though
•wanting in compass ; and we touch-
ed not on the lameness of her ac-
tion, because we thought the em-
barrassments always attendinga/?? st,
second, and even a third appear-
ance, would wear off.

Cut, on Wednesday evening,
July 5th, a young lady, a pupil of
G. Lanza, jun. made her debut as
the heroine of Mr. Gay's famous
opera, now altered to a burlctta:
she appears likely to prove an ac-
quisition, and her representation of
Polly's character is natural; which,
we are sorry to say, seems too gene-
rally mistaken. It is not likely that
the daughter of a thief-taker should,
especially at the time the Beggar's
Opera Avas written, be so refined,
.io mild and gentle, as the heroines
of the drama represent Polly to be.
Wedo not recollect, in our memory,
ever seeing one, except the late
Mrs. Crouch, that seemed to have
a true idea of the character; which
she pourtrayed as very superior to
any one in the piece, and yet with
a certain knowing kind of manner,
which proved she sufficiently un-
derstood both nature and her au-
thor. This young lady, in many
scenes, reminds us of her ; her
voice has both compass and me-
lody, and her figure and counte-
nance are good.

sadleu's wells.
When we consider the frequent
fashionable departures for the coun-
try, and the great distance of this
theatre from the court end of the
town, we should be surprised to sec
it still continue to be filled by sO
very genteel an audience, did we
not witness the unwearied and dili-
gent exertions of Mr. Dibdirt, to
please the varied taste of his nume-
rous auditors.

The " Peep at the Danube"
is gratifying to English feelings ;
and even, though the defeat of Bo*
ney should be, in its quick conceit,
premature, yet it highly evinces
the loyalty of the manager. Ju
pantomime, this theatre has been
long known to excel; and panto*
mime will ever please the ^fasti-
dious mind, because it so amply
shews ingenuity and invention. No
one, who represents the u motley
fool," can be offended at our declar-
ing Grirna Id i (h^ best clown in Eng-
land. ]\\ the Aquatic Harlequin
he gave ample proofs of his comic
powers ; but yet, there is one error,
which is of a gross nature, and un-
worthy to be performed before a
British audience. Our theatres,
either of winter or summer, are al-
lowed by all nations, whatever
broad or vulgar farce may be per-
formed, lobe both chaste and cor-
rect; we, therefore, cannot ap-
prove of the tumbling manceirae
displayed by the clown and the
wife, whom he buys in Smith field ;
who, though perhaps a man in the
feminine habit, yet, as representing
a female, should not, however low,
be quite so indecorous.

We cannot withhold cur tribute
•I of sincere applause from the " Wild

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS.

127

Man." Grimaldi, as we Lave said
above, in performing the clown,
cannot be equalled ; but, in this
pageant, he is beyond any thing we
could have conceived possible,
when only delineated by dumb
shew. The effects of music on the
mind of a savage, are so incompa-
rably represented by him, that he
melts many of the audience into
tears. This piece has great excel-
lence ; but correct and impartial
criticism, like an indulgent parent,
while it praises merit, must also
point out little defects; and that
with the same motive, to make what
it corrects — perfect.

The decorations and costume are
well attended to; but Mu/cj/, the
Moor, should have another name
besides Muley, as that is a Moor- :
ish title of dignity, meaning prince;
and even few Moorish princes are
public/// addressed by that title, ex-
cept the son of the reigning empe-
ror of Morocco. Don Quixote is j
also too cozcardli/ ; for though he
was the victim of romantic chimera,
he was never, in any degree, a pol-
troon. When known characters, and
distant nations, are brought forward

by an author, he should be careful,
while he is allowed the latitude of
imagination and fiction, yet to keep
strictly to the letter of the origina-
lity of the one, and the decided
customs and titles of the other.

Rees shewed exquisite humour
in Sancho Panca : his song was de-
servedly encored ; and his imita-
tions of Fawcett, Munden, Liston,
and Emery, could not be mistaken,
and gained him deserved applause.

CATALANl's CONCERT.

No place can be better calculated
than that elegant building, the Pan*
theon, forconerts; and that which
was given by Madame Catalan! on
Thursday evening, July 6th, was
attended by a most brilliant and
numerous audience. The astonish-
ing vocal powers of thisjustly cele-
brated performer, will over assure
her a crowd of delighted hearers ;
but on this occasion, English feel-
ings, always alive in the support of
their public charities, made them
emulous of shewing they knew how
to appreciate a good action, even
though it may not be quite volun-
tary.

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS.

Tjif. bright prospects which the
memorable battie of Aspern held
out to Europe, have been consider-
ably obscured by the events which
have since taken place on the Da-
nube. The twenty-fifth and twenty-
sixth bulletins of the enemy inform
lis of a defeat of the Austrian army,
which although we hope it will not
prove as disastrous ami ruinous as
stated in the French accounts, yet
must be allowed to be oi such anat lire

and magnitude, as to put the Au-
strian monarchy to the greatest pe-
ril. The news will spread affliction
over Europe; but Ave hope it will
not lower the spirits, or lessen the
exertions, of those who are still

contendingagaiiibt the establishment
of universal tyranny upon earth,
under thedy nasty of the Bonapartes.
It was not to be expected, that such
.in immenserailitary power asFrance
has collected during eighteen years
S2

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS.

of successful war, should be broken
down or destroyed in a few weeks.
On the other hand, we do not see
Low such a determined spirit of op-
position and hostility to France, as
now exists on the continent of Eu-
rope, can be put down, and finally
subdued, even by the whole military
power of France. As to making
peace with Bonaparte, we believe
all nations see that it is impos-
sible, unless they are inclined to
yield up their independence, or
submit to him as their common
master. Difficult and arduous as the
contest now appears against France,
we hope that the cause of justice
and of mankind will finally triumph,
and that the world is not now des-
tined to be degraded and broken
down under the iron yoke of a mi-
litary despot.

The bulletins which announce
the misfortunes that have happened
to Austria, still leave sufficient rea-
son to believe, that the victory gain-
ed by the French, is by no means
decisive of the fate of the Austrian
monarchy. The account which
Bonaparte gives of the contest is in
substance as follows : — On the night
of the 24th, amidst utter darkness, a
violent storm and rain, which fell
in torrents, the passage of the Da-
nube was effected. The French
army consisted of the corps of Mas-
sena(the Duke of Rivoli), Oudinot,
the Prince of Ponte Corvo (Berna-
dotte), the Duke of Auerstadt (Da-
voust), the imperial guards, the
Duke of Ragusa, and the viceroy
of Italy. Before we proceed far-
ther in the account of the battle, it
is necessary to observe, that Bona-
parte appears to have collected the
whole of his disposable force for
this battle. Besides the divisions

with which he fought the battle
of Aspern, he now brought into
the field the division of Auerstadt
(which had been separated from
him at the last battle by the break-
ing down of his bridges), the army
of Italy under its viceroy, the
army of Dalmatia under the Duke
of Ragusa, and that of Bernadotte
consisting principally of Saxons.
When it is thus considered, that the
united French armies of Germany,
Italy, and Dalmatia, were brought
into the field on one side, and that
the Austrian army of Hungary, un-
der the Archduke John and the
Archduke Palatine, were not in the
engagement, we hope the remain-
ing force of Austria may still be
able to resist the French armies.

These preliminary observations
naturally suggested themselves to
us on our seeing the names of the
divisions which composed the army
with which Bonaparte crossed the
Danube on the night of the 4th of
July, a little below the village of
Enzersdorf. On the 5th, at day-
break, it was discovered that the
French army had completely turned
the Austrian line of redoubts and
their entrenchments, and that they
were thus reduced to the necessity
of giving battle at some distance
from their redoubts. On the 5th,
the French got possession of the
entrenched positions of Aspern and
Esling, without any serious resist-
ance. On the 6th of July, at day-
break, a most important battle com-
menced by the French attacking in
full force the village of Wagram, in
the center of the Austrian line, which
they finally succeeded in carrying.
The French account states., that the
Austrian? committed the enormous
fau.lt of weakening their center, to

RETIIOSPECT OF POLITICS.

120

give unnecessary strength to their
■wings ; while Bonaparte, on the
other hand, collected all his strength
(as usual) at the center, and only
occupied the villages at the extre-
mity of his lines by small corps,
which were ordered to fall back if
seriously attacked. The village of
Wagram was carried early in the
morning: after ten o'clock, the ene-
my f on glit only to effect his retreat;
at tzcehe this teas manifest ; it was
conducted with disorder; long be-
fore dark the enemy was out of
sight. We must again interrupt
the narrative of the combat, to fix
the attention of our readers on those
words in the French bulletin. Do
they not imply, contrary to the as-
sertion, that the retreat was in good
order ? Howr could it otherwise hap-
pen, that it was not manifest, from
ten o'clock to twelve, that the Au-
strians were fighting only to effect
their retreat ? If the Austrians were
out of sight long before it was dark,
is it notmost evident, thatthe French
did not venture to pursue them ?

In fact, the French themselves
did not consider the battle of Wa-
gram as a victory on the day it was
fought. The twenty-sixth bulletin,
which was written three days after,
begins with these words : " The
enemy's retreat is a defeat. We
have collected a part of his bag-
gage." Now we think the fair and
obvious inference from these expres-
sions, is, that the French did not,
pn the day the battle was fought,
consider it as a defeat of the A ustri-
ans, but only a retreat. Another
pircumstance, which appears to us
to prove that the retreat was con-
ducted in excellent order, is, that
in the twenty-fifth bulletin, (he Au-
strian artillery is calculated at eight

or nine hundred pieces of field ar-
tillery ; of these he only claims to
have taken forty. In the twenty-
fifth bulletin the Austrian army is
calculated at near 200,000 men, in-
cluding new levies. If out of this
immense force he has only taken
20,000 prisoners, and forty pieces
of cannon, the Archduke Charles
must still be at the head of a very
formidable force. Out of the 20,000
prisoners which the French state
they have taken, it is probable, and
almost certain, that the greater part
were the wounded which the arch-
duke was unable to take with him
in the retreat. It is almost impos*
sible, that 20,000 men could have
been taken in any other way, from
an army which was not pursued in
its retreat, and which was com-
pletely out of sight long before it
was dark.

The hopes, then, we still enter-
tain of the^result of the battle not
being so injurious to Austria as has
been stated, depend upon the cir-
cumstances in the French accounts
which we have observed upon, and
also on perceiving that Bonaparte
was obliged to collect the entire
force of his armies in order to dis-
lodge the Archduke Charles from
his strong position in the neigh-
bourhood of Vienna. On the other
hand, the armies of the Archduke
John, and the insurrection of Hun-
gary, have not been in the action;
neither has that force which, under
the Count de Giulay, has lately
been successful in Carinthia and
Styria, and which lately attacked
Gratz. Upon the whole, we can-
not indulge those sanguine hopes
which we entertained previous to
; the archduke being obliged to re-
' treat from his strong position ; but

130

KETItOSFrCT OF POLITICS*.'

still we perceive no reason to despair
of the Austrian monarchy, while we
see it put forth such great strength.
At the battle of Aspern, Bonaparte
said, that the archduke could only
collect 98,000 men from the wreck
of his armies. Six weeks after, at
the battle of Wagram, he finds that
the archduke has an army of near
200,000 men, and 800 pieces of
field artillery ; and, although the
PVench emperor contrived to bring
the whole of his disposable force
against that army, it was three days
before he could discover " that the
retreat of the Austrians was a de-
feat." Now, when we consitLi
how great a portion of that army
the Archduke Charles v» ill probably
bring with him into Bohemia, and
that the physical force of Hungary
has not yet been fairly brought into
play, we do not despair of the
Austrian monarchy. Our principal
fear is, that Bonaparte raay endea-
vour to practise again that game
which has been so often successful
with him, of offering, immediately
after the victory, such terms of
peace as may appear, under all
circumstances, advantageous to the
house of Austria, but the real ob-
ject of which would be more cer-
tainly to accomplish its ruin.

While our minds are necessarily
impressed with the immense import-
ance of the events which are taking
place in German}', the occurrences
of the Avar in Spain appear of minor
interest; but still we hope that the
diversion made by the Spanish war
will be felt through all Europe.
The Gallician insurgents have
fought with the most heroic spirit,
and after repulsing Marshal Ney
in a pitched battle, that general
thought it prudent to evacuate Co-
runna and Ferrol, and destroy the

fortifications. These events have
been very important, as shewing
what the spirit of irregular troops
can do ; and they arc also import-
ant to us in a maritime point of
view, as the Ferrol fleet is rescued
from the French, and again in the
possession of the patriots. We
hope, and are convinced, that what-
ever may be the result of the war in
Spain, the whole of the Spanish
navy will be removed from the
grasp of France. On the other
hand, General Blake has received a
serious defeat from *'.ic French Ge-
neral Suchot, who commanded at
Saragossa. The union, however,
of Sir Arthur Welleslcy with the
Spanish General Cucsta, will, as
we think, produce results decisive
of the present campaign in Spain.
We expect, in our next number,
to mention the arrival of the allied
army at Madrid; and then, if the
war in Germany still continue, the
diversion on the side of Spain must
be severely felt by the enemy.

At the moment we are writing,
the grand expedition, to which Ave
attach the most sanguine hopes,
is lying in the Doaviis in perfect
readiness to sail, if the Avind should
become favourable. We still ar-
dently Avish for their sailing and
success. It may still turn out that
the battles on the Danube Averc not
as the French represent them, but
that the continental Avar is still go-
ing on with unabated vigour. In
such a case, the arrival of our grand
expedition must be most favourable
to the cause of our allies. Even if
that hope were taken away, it would
be the more incumbent upon us to
attempt something against the naval
force of our enemy, when his ar-
mies arc at a considerable distance
from the coast.

131

MEDICAL

An account of the diseases which have
occurred in the reporter's practice from
the 15th of June to the 15th of July:

Acute Diseases. — Inflammatory sore-
throat, 6... .Continued fever, 7.. ..Inter-
mitting fever, 2... .Catarrhal fever, 5....
Scarlet fever, 2.. ..Inflammation of the
lungs, 2.. ..Pleurisy, 1.... Acute rheuma-
tism, 4.. ..Cholera, 2.. ..Small-pox, 5....
Hooping Cough, 6. ..Apoplexy, 1... Acute
diseases of infants, 6.

Chronic Diseases. — Asthenia, 14. ..Pul-
monary consumption, 2. ...Scrofula, 3....
Marasmus, 1... Cough and dyspnoea, 20...
Pleurodyne, 5....Hcemcptoc, 3....Rheu-
matic gout, 2. ..Chronic rheumatism, 4....
Lumhago, 3....Head-ach, 12....Gastrody-
nia, 1 1... .Colic, 1 Dyspepsia, 4.. ..Di-
arrhoea, 4....Hcemorrhage, 3....Dysure, 2
....Dropsy, 3. ....Diseases incident to fe-
males, 15.

The number of inflammatory corn-
plaints during the last month, has been
greater than usual : this may chiefly be
attributed to the frequent changes and
undue severity of the weather. Several
of the rheumatic affections and colds were
occasioned by careless exposure to partial
currents of air, after the body was heated
and fatigued. Whilst the animal tempe-

REPORT.

rature is above the natural standard, be-
fore perspiration has broken out, such,
exposure is pleasant and refreshing ; and
plunging in cold water, or even drinking
it, may be practised with safety and ad-
vantage. But if recourse be had to such
means in a state of debility, or after the
body has been fatigued by exercise, mis-
chievous consequences may ensue. There
is an essential difference between the mor-
bid heat which is excited in a crowded
assembly in confined apartments, and the
fine glow which pervades the whole sys-
tem whilst exercising in the open air. In
the one case the vigour and energy of
the body are supported by the application
of cold ; whilst in the other, the state of
exhaustion and languor predisposes to dis-
ease, and the sudden exposure to cold,
would then prove highly injurious. Thus
we are called upon to relieve very dis-
tressing complaints, produced by the
slightest causes, which would have no
effect whatever on the .system, if it had
not been predisposed to disease by the
refinements of luxury, by confinement
and exclusion from good air, all of which
have a strong tendency to constitute what
may be termed a morbid temperament.

AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

The fine rains and cloudy weather in
the early part of this month, have been
greatly conducive to the production of a
luxuriant vegetation, by which an ample
crop of green food has been secured for
the ensuing winter. Large crops of tur-
nips, increasing the quantity of mutton,
must tend to lower the price of butchers'
meat.

The hay that was ready for the cart
and caught abroad, has been very much
injured. That in large cocks has been
partially preserved. The hay-stacks that
were half made, and not sufficiently co-
vered, have received considerable injury.

It would preserve much hay in this state,
if the guard-cloth were more generally
used.

Although much hay has been spoiled
by the late rains, they have at the same
time ensured a large after-crop, which
no drought of the summer can prevent,
and which will more than compensate
us for the partial loss sustained in the hay.

The wheats being scarcely eft' the
bloom, are not much thrown down ; but
are filling very fast, and only want the
continuance of a few bright days to make
them fit for the sickle.

Barley and oats are approaching fast

132

ALLEGORICAL WOOD-CUT, &C.

to maturity, and promise to be of fine
quality if well harvested.

Beans are fine, full of corn, but not
very large on the straw.

Peas are ready to cut, and are a fine
crop; but the late rains have given them

a fresh shoot, which will require bright
weather to prepare them for the cart.

Turnips are a fine healthy plant, upon
a clean tilth, and promise a great crop.

Potatoes are a full crop, and are re-
markably free from the curl.

Plate 13.— FASHION

It cannot but be highly gratifying to
every person of genuine taste, to observe
the revolution which has, within these
few years, taken place in the furniture and
decorations of the apartments of people
of fashion. In consequence of this re-
volution, effected principally by the study
of the antique, and the refined notions of
beauty derived from that source, the bar-
barous Eyptian style, which a few years
since prevailed, is succeeded by the clas-
sic elegance which characterized the most
polished ages of Greece and Rome. In none
of the articles of domestic convenience is
this change more apparent, than in those
which are subservient to the purposes of
the toilet, which at once display the good
taste of the fair owners, and the skill and
ingenuity of the artists whom they pa-
tronize. This is strikingly exemplified
in the appendages of the dressing-room
represented in the annexed engraving.

The principal figure exhibits an ele-
gant lady's toilet, a very handsome ar-
ticle, wrought in fine mahogany, superbly

ABLE FURNITURE.

ornamented with highly finished bras3>
the center top folding back with a large-
sized British plate glass. The interior is
divided into various compartments, for
every requisite for the accommodation
of the accomplished female. Each end
folding over, affords extra partitions and
divisions, equally as necessary as the cen-
ter. The whole is mounted on brass
claw feet, with fret-work, of the same
manufacture, encompassing the platform.

In front of the toilet stands a conveni-
ent Ottoman footstool, French-stuffed,
and covered with green Morocco leather,
ornamented with brass-work en suite.

On the left is a fauteuil, with maho-
gany frame, French stuflfed, and the seat
covered wilh green Morocco leather,
carved back, and brass ornaments.

On the right is placed a chamber-bath,
which being of all others the most pro-
per article for the promotion of health,
more especially in the summer season,
for either sex, it is impossible to recom-
mend a more desirable piece of furniture.

BBvanan

ALLEGORICAL WOOD-CUT, WITH PATTERNS OF BRITISH

MANUFACTURE.

No. 1 exhibits a specimen of that ele-
gant manufacture styled the Irish net, and
is particularly well adapted for the dinner
and evening dress. The silvery lightness
of its texture renders it a most graceful
and becoming article in this style of de-
-coration. French cloaks, tippets, and
scarfs, with small jockey or poke bonnets
to correspond, with variegated green,
purple, or grey feathers, have a most
light and attractive effect, where formed
of this material. It is sold by Mr.

George, silk-manufacturer, 19, Holy well-
street, Strand, at (is. per yard, and is
half-yard wide.

No. 2 is another article of new and fa-
shionable adoption, styled Merino crape,
and is calculated also for ladies' dresses,
but in the more intermediate order of
personal decoration. The blending of
its shades, and its union of silk and
worsted, give a sort of distinguishing
character to this tasteful article, and ren-
der it most appropriate for the approach-

\\W\i

Efe

fir

':: ■:■■

'•r

Cije fteposttorp

0/ ^rte, Literature, Commerce, Manufactures, Fashion, and Politics.
Manufacturers, Factors, and Wholesale Dealers in Fancy Goods that come
within the scope of this Plan, are requested to send Patterns of such new
Articles as they come out, and if the requisites of Novelty, Fashion, and
Elegance are united, the quantity necessary for this Magazine
will be ordered. JR. Ackermann, 101, Strand, London.

REPOSITORY OF ARTS, SCIENCE,^.

POETRY.

133

ing autumnal months, when we may ven-
ture to pronounce it will be much in fa-
shionable request. Venetian binding and
imperial ribbon of the same shades, will
be found the most advantageous trimmings
for robes formed of this material. It is
three-quarters wide, and is sold by the
above manufacturer at 5s. per yard.

No. 3, the Andalusian washing silk, an
article'for robes and pelisses, comprising
much delicacy of shade and figure, as
well as a graceful adhesiveness of quality.
Thread lace, in scallop or Vandyke, the
Chinese floss trimming, or appliqued lace
beading, are the most tasteful arid appro-
priate embellishments which this pleasing

article can admit of. It is three-quarters
wide, and 4s. per yard, and is furnished
by Messrs. Richards and Co. 37, Oxford-
street.

No. 4 is a printed diamond marcella
quilting, for gentlemen's waistcoats. On
this article there is little need of com-
ment, except to cali the attention of our
readers to the peculiar delicacy of the
printed stripe, which has perhaps render-
ed it so universal a favourite with men of
high fashion. It is three-quarters wide,
and from 9s. to 10s. per yard, and is fur-
nished by Messrs. R. .Smith and Co. '2,
Prince's- street, Leicester-square.

MIDNIGHT REFLECTIONS

On hearing the Cries of a Calf, penn'dup

■ for Slaughter.
Poor, bleating beast ! I hear thy anxious

moan,
Thy pangs are echo'd by my aching

breast ;
And sure th' unfeeling heart is form'd of

stone,
That marks thy plaint, yet placid sinks

to rest !

Yet are thy woes but transitory found,
To those that sting and goad the hu-
man race ;
Death spreads a thousand awful terrors
round,
That in thy sinless bosom have no
place.

Torn from a mother's side, you simply
weep
The loss alone of life's nectareous
stream ;
Far diff'rent vigils death-struck mortals
keep —
Busy reflection aids the tort'ring theme !

Pale fear and horror wake the starting tear,
That speaks our bitter agony of mind;

We mourn the present moment as severe,
And, trembling, dread the future as
unkind.

No. VIII. Vol II,

The dear engaging relatives of life

Throng round the soul, and claim its
latest breath ;
The pangfull parting tear, the mental
strife,
Strew thorns around the pallid couch
of death.

No friends, no parents, stand around thy
bier,
And ask of Heav'n why thou art
snatch'd away ;
Thou meet'st thy fate, undew'd by na-
ture's tear,
Mixing, unnotie'd, with thy kindred
clay.

Is not this happy ? — prescience thou hast
none,
The fear of future ne'er disturb'd thy
breast ;
One stroke, and life's eventful task is
done,
And nature sinks in everlasting

REST.

Then cease thy bleating, unlamented
beast !
A few short hours will mark thy woes
decline-
Millions will wish, when warn'd from
life's dull 'feast,
Their day had been as short — their

FATE LIKE THINE !

T. Marshal.
Lyceum Theatre.

POETRY.

ADDRESS TO A SQUIRREL.

By the Author of the Address TO AN INFANT.
I prithee, Caesar, why so gay ;
Why so arch, and full of play ?
Canst thou, ingrate, forgetful be
Of her who was so fond of thee ?
From her dear hand the tea thou'd'st sip,
And take sweet kisses from her lip :
Ah ! then, from me, why dost thou start,
When I would press thee to my heart.
Thy mistress, Caesar, how I lov'd,
Has not my friendship for thee prov'd ?
When late a cat approach'd thee near,
Did not rav pulse throb quick with fear ?
Did I not swift ward off her paw,
And suffer her my blood to draw ?
The savage should have drain' d it all,
Ere I had let thee, Ctesar, fail !
Where'er I go, is not my breast
At once thy safeguard and thy nest ?
What thing is there thou canst desire,
Thou e'er hast reason to require ?
Do I not to thee always bring
The earliest tributes of the spring ?
Does not the violet grace thy bow'r ?
Select I not for thee each flovv'r
That sweetly blows around the fields,
Or that the costlier parterre yields ?
For thee, when dew-dropt by the morn,
I pluck the wild rose from the thorn,
And gather from the hedge's side
The stately blue- bell in its pride ;
The hyacinth and eglantine
I only prize to make them thine,
And all with speed to thee I bear,
And give them thee to rend and tear.

Do I not, too, thy palate treat
With every dainty thou canst eat?
And in rich harvest's fruitful time,
When hazel nuts are in their prime,
Do I not take thee to the wood,
To give thee there thy favourite food ?
And pull the. branches to the ground,
And let thee munch arid frisk around —
Till sad remembrance dims my eyes,
As former happier scenes arise ?

Caesar, I would unloose thy chain,
Could I believe thou'd'st come again ;
But from thy only friend thou'd'st fly,
And leave him sorrowing to die !

Does kindness merit no return ?
So sportive, canst thou see me mourn ?
Thou should'st stand still, and droop thy

head,
As thou would'st say, "Poor Jenny's

dead !"
Yet, Caesar, I would have thee glad,
For I should grieve if thou wer't sad.
Oh ! Caesar, I am ill at ease,
And nothing can my fancy please.
Caesar, I scarce know what Fd have,
Except a place in Jenny's grave.

THE WARRIOR.

Of all the plagues whence mortals can be

curs'd,
The mad'ning hero-plague is, sure, the

worst !
Grasping at all, yet loathing what is won,
The restless tyrant wastes, from sun to sun:
His wish, on ruin'd worlds a pile to raise !
His aim, (O monstrous error !) is it praise?
These the sole meeds such spoilers can

assume,
A game-cock's triumph, vic'try, and a

plume !
By venal treach'ry, led from sway to

sway,
The self-made emp'ror of a flitting day,
Here reads his doom : — his utmost of ap-
plause
What robbers claim, what honour never

was !
Has grandeur, thus, while guilty fears

annoy,
Nights of repose, one hour of conscious

j°y ?

Pale as the heaps, amid their tide of gore,
Who fell, unarm'd, on Jaffa's murd'rous

shore,
Sits the sad, sullen tyrant ! tho' elate,
Trembling, the victim of imperious state!
And, when he falls, he meets a tyrant's

end,
Without one virtue to secure a friend.

EPIGRAM.
Charles prais'd his Delia's face : — she
frown'd : —
Perplex'd, the youth withdrew ;
Alas ! the simpleton had ovvn'd
Her sister handsome, too.

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS,

135

THE TEAR.

Written in North America.
On beds of snow the moou-beam slept,

And chilly was the midnight gloom,
When by the damp grave Harry wept,

For it was lov'd Louisa's tomb !

The tears that gush'd, the wintry air
Congeal'd as they flow'd fast away ;

At night they lay an ice-drop there,
At morn they glittev'd in the ray.

An Indian passing from the woods,
Observ'd this bright and frozen gem,

She made an oifering to the gods,
Then plac'd it on her diadem.

J. H. R.

Sudbury, May 14, 180Q.

THE INVITATION.

Come, lead thou on, my blooming boy,
While thy young heart dilates with
wine ;

And yield thee to th' embrace of joy,
And meet me at the nuptial shrine :
For soon the flush of youth will fly,
\nd then the rose of love will die.
There with a song of amorous fire,
j'll blend the notes that thrill the "lyre ;
And with the warm impassion'd lay,
111 bear thy wishing soul away ;

And if perchance the magic strain
Siould seal those sweet seducing eyes,

Thtlyre and song shall breathe again,
/.nd richer tones of transport rise ;

Till thou shalt ownwith amorousglance
The raptures of the glowing trance :
Till thou shalt bless the dulcet numbers
That breath' d thee to Elysian slumbers;
Till thou shalt own we ne'er will sever,
Till hearts and souls are bound for ever !

G. F.

VERSES

Inscribed with a Pencil in an Alcove at Oat-

LANDS.

Ye lordly owners of those fairy scenes
That oft in Albion greet the wond'ring
eye,
Oft let me walk beneath your chequer'd
greens,
Oft lean along the streams that wander
nigh.

Bless'd in possession, here you seldom
stay;
Bless'd in the rents, the lawns you
seldom see ;
But, many thanks, ye have not barr'd
the way
To those that wander with the muse
and me*.

A. B.

* The gardener informed the writer, some
years after the lines above were written, that
the then owner, the duke of Newcastle, or-
dered him not to obliterate them.

ejTESjrasgsawr,!

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

BANKRUPTCIES.

Tki Solicitors' Names are between Parentheses.

Atkins J. Norwood, Middlesex, dealer in
cattfe (Collett, Chancery lane

Bi:Uford J. Brixham, Devon, shopkeeper
(Bal&chy, Capel court, Bartholomew lane

Bolton J R. John street, Adelphi, wine-
merciant (Hannam, Covent Garden

Brcckbank T. Llverston, Lancaster, Du
Wilsoi, J. Gillespy, and J. Taylor, Mary port,
Cumberland, cotton-manufacturers (Bacon,
Southampton street, Covent Garden

Brode O. South Shields, cordwainer (Bell
Ttnd Bnderick, Bow iane, Cheapside

Buf.ervrorth J Abehurch lane, broker
(Dru«, Billiter square

Cogtu T. Houndsditch, stationer (Wilt-
shire and Bolton, Old Bond street

CollycrJ. Bolton, Lancaster, cotton-ma-
nufacturer (Feulkes and Longdill, Gray's inn

Cook J. Bristol, looking-glass manufacturer
(Batsford, Bernscndsey

Coulsou S. T. and J. K. Corder, Lynn, Nor-
folk, seedsmen (James, Islington

Crush M. Chelmsford, upholsterer (Adams,
Old Jewry

Davis J. Holborn, trunk-maker (Syddall,
Aldersgate street

Dewhurst J. Halifax, grocer (Hodgson,
Surry street, Sfrand

DoddsJ. Alderegate street, goldsmith (Hig-
den and Sym, Curriers' hall, London Wall

Downs R. J. Maid lane, Southwark, baker
(Field and Sbeargold, Clifford's inn

Duna?e S. St. Paul's Church yard, trunk-
maker (Hall, Coleman street

DunsterT. Somerton, plumber and glazier
(Pearson, Temple

Farmer J. Ho\ighara, Lincoln, dealer
(Blakelock and Makinson, Temple

13G

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

Fennel J. Bath, marble-mason (Gabell,
Lincoln's inn

Forrest J. Kir-'* street, Westminster, baker
(Ri<h irdsan, Bury street

Fuller J.J. Yoxford, Suffolk, shopkeeper
(Hanrott and Metcalfe, Lincoln's inn New
square

Geddes A. Fcnchurch buildings, merchant
(Swain, Stevens, and Maples, Old Jewry

Gibson G. Liverpool, pipe-maker (Aviorn,
Liverpool

Gray J. Newcastle upon Tyne, merchant
(Grey, Gray's inn square

Hamill W. Shepstow, Monmouth, money-
scrivener (Price and Williams, Lincoln's inn

Harris E. Gulston square, Whitechapel,
stationer (Harman, Wine-office court, Fl«et
street

Hawke T. jun. Yarmouth, Norfolk, mill-
wright (Windus, Son, and Holtaway, Chan-
cery lane

Key wood W. and R. S. Hey wood, Man-
chester, linen-merchants (Duckworth, Chip-
pendale, and Dennison, Manchester

Hockley A. M. Wickwar, Glocester, cheese-
faclor (James, Gray's inn square

Holland P. Leftwich, Chester, tanner (Leigh
and Mason, New Bridge street

Hortou R. Newport, Salop, timber-merchant
(Baxter and Martin, Furnival's inn

Humphreys T. Cheltenham place, St.
George's Fields, horse-dealer (Martin, Vint-
ner's hall, Upper Thames street

Ireland D. Portsea, tallow-chandler (Nay-
lor, Great Newport street

Isaacson J. S. New Road, Wellelose sq«are,
money-scrivener (Jones and Roche, Covent
Garden church yard

Knight E. Horsleydown lane, lighterman
(Bruce, Biilitcr square

Lake R. Plymouth, baker (Twynam and
Walker, Temple

Lay W. Duval's lane, but now in the King's
Bench (Robinson, Charterhouse square

Lines J. Rotherhithe, smith (Robinson,
Bermondsey

Manning R. Stock Exchange, broker (Ne-
thers-ole and Portal, Essex street, Strand

Martin W. Homerton, broker (Dowse,
Gray's inn square

Matthews VV. Brown's lane, Spital fields
(Williams, jun. Lord Mayor's court, Royal
Exchange

M'Cullock A. Upper Grovesuor street, na-
vy-agint (Eves, Chapel street, Bedford row

MdliketiT. Fencburch buildings, merchant
(Swain, Stevens, and Maples, Old Jewry

Moody C. Tidpit, Wilts, maltster (Millett,
Gray's inn lane

Morris J. Chepstow, Monmouth, shop-
keeper (Piatt, Temple

Neale T. St. Martin's lane, dealer in spi-
rituous liquors (Robinson, Charterhouse sq.

Norris P. Liverpool, merchant (Cooper
and Lowe, Southampton buildings

Oddy S. A. and H. Oddy, Oxford street,
booksellers ( Wiltshire and Bo'ton, Old Broad
street

Parsons J. and W. Daniel, St. Martin's lane,
hair-mer.chant's (Cunningham, New North
street, Red Lion square

Pick R. Waketield, grocer (Sykes and
Kuttwlee, ?.'oiv inn'

Porter T. jun. Corsham, clothier (Frowd
and Blandford, Temple

Rock J. Westmoreland buildings, Alders-
jjate street, tailor (Lee, Three-crowns courts
Soufhwark

Scott J. D. late of South Cadbury, Somer-
set, but now in the King's Bench prison, job-
ber (Harvey, Lamb's Conduit street

Seaborne J. Hoxton, sacking-manufacturer
(Harding, Primrose street, Bishopsgate

Silvester R. Reading, timber-merchant
(Holmes, Great James street, Bedford row

Squire W. Leeds, hosier (Lambert, Hattoa
garden

Stanifoith T. Sheffield, cutler (Wilson,
Greville street, Hatton garden

Stanley W. Manchester, innkeeper (Lyon,
Gray's inn

Steedman W. Brarawell's buildings, Soho,
cabinet-maker (Willoughby, Clifford's inn

Stephens J. Yeovil, Somerset, gardener
(Blandford, Temple

Stubbs G. Sheffield, cdge-tool-makcr (Bla-
grave and Walter, Syinond's inn

Swaine R. Leeds, woolstapler (Sykes and
Knowles, New inn

Swaine T. Birmingham, common-carrier
(Kinderley, Long, and Inee, Holborn court,
Gray's inn

Tanner B. Dartmouth, Devon, ship-builder
(Hard, Temple

Taylor P. Sheffield, screw-manufacture
(Wilson, Greville street, Hatton garden

Thomas G. Pembroke, shopkeeper (Janus,
Gray's inn square

Walsh F. C. Strand, chemist (Richardsms,
New inu.

DIVIDENDS.

Adam J. Fore street, Cripplegate, dealeiia
spirits, July 20 — Altham W. Tokenhouse yird,
broker, Nov. 14 — Ames J. Swan-lane, Ko-
therithe, dealer, Aug. 22 — Andrews G. Mark
lane, ship-broker, July 25 — Atkins W. W. Al-
cester, Warwick, grocer, Aug. 19 — Atkhsou
T. Brown's Quay, Wapping, wharfinger, July
20 — Badco :k J. Paternoster row, booksdler,
Aug. 5 — Bedford T. Grange Moor, York,
white-clothier, July 31 — Bell R. and R. Red-
ley, Newcastle upon Tyne, woollen-drapers,
July 21 — Bent ham T. Sheerness, banker, lug.
8 — Blundtii F. F. Coleman street, insurance
broker, Aug. 5 — BoorneG. Norwich, .dnper,
Aug. ) — Blading J. Newport, Isle of Wight,
carpenter, Aug. 5-^-3rede G jun. Lime struct,
fishmonger, July 15 — Burnand W. Old Broad
street, coach-maker, July 29 — Burton P.Rut-
cliffe, builder, July 29 — Bury J. Clifton lport
Teame, Worcester, butcher, July 22 — CVlvert
F. Cleveland street, St. Pancras, stable-keeper,
July 22 — Castell S. and W. Powell, Lonbard
street, bankers, Aug. 5 — Cause J. Great Wa
keiing, Essex, shopkeeper, July 15 — Chap-
man S. Woolpit, Suffolk, shopkeeper, July 27
— Cheap A. and A. Loughmah, New court,
Swithin's lane, merchants, July 18— Chip-
chase C. Bread street, silk mercer, July 29 —
Clark J. and H. Hall, Market Harbjrough,
Leicester, carpet-manufacturers, Augist 7 —
Clarke R. White-horse lane, Stepney, factor,
Juiv 18 — Ccckiu J. Tottenham, merchant,
Juiv 8 — Cook J C. and T. C. Corker, l.eaf-
denHall street, linen-draperr-, July 22 — Com-
pere T. St. Albans, groceiyJuly £9 — Come J.

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

IJ7

High street, Lambeth, common-brewer, July
89— Cox B- Stourbridge, Worcester, timber-
merchant, Aug-. 8 — Crivmleholine J. Preston,
Lancaster, grocer, July 31 — Eaudford S. Alt- j
church- lane, broker, Aug. 5 — Delahoyde C. i
Esher, Surry, and Haymarket, distiller, Aug. J
29 — De Perrin C. F. O. Duke street, Man- I
Chester square, victualler, July 29 — Dewhurst j
R. Preston, Lancaster, upholsterer, July 26 — |
DoddJ. Pall-Mail, hatter, July 29 — Llutton |
J. Burwardsley, cheese-factor, Aug. 10 — Em- j
met S. Birkenshaw, York, carpet- manufac-
turer, July 31 — Firth J. Brad forth, York, mer-
chant, Aug S — Flam W. and W. Aust, Cow-
cross, Middlesex, brass-founders, Aug. 22 —
Forshaw R. Buiscough, Lancaster, shop-
keeper, July 29 — Francis F. Chiswick, smith,
July 25 — Frank T. Bristol, merchant, July 25
— Gedge R. C. and A. Hudson, Islevvorth, ca- j
lico-printers, Aug. 5 — GeldartM. Manchester,
cotton-manufacturer, Aug. 1 — German A. and
J.Jcphson, Nottingham, hosiers, Aug. 16 — Goff
E. Wellclose square, coal-merchant, Aug. 5 —
Gore. W. Aldgate, Manchester warehouseman,
Sept. 30 — Grant J. Coleman street, merchant,
July 15 — Grant P. late of Coleman street,
merchant, July 15 — Gravenor W. Bristol, su-
gar refiner, Aug. 2 — Guthrie R. and C. Cook,
Liverpool, merchants, July 29 — Ham \V. and
W. Aust, Cow-cross street, brass-founders,
Aug. 22 — Harris J. Bathbone p'ace, Oxford
road, goldsmith, July 22 — Harrison J. Stoke-
upou-Trent, Stafford, manufacturer of earth-
en ware, Aug. 16 — Haywood H. Ramsgate,
butcher, July 22, Nov. n — Hebert J. and G.
Grangs road, Southwark, tanners, July 29 —
Hedley R. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, woollen-
draper, July 21 — Heeley D. Bwrninghatm, tai-
lor, Aug. 8 — Hetherington A. and J. Mackie,
Drury-lane, perfumers, July 29 — Holder J.
Painswick, Gloucester, butcher, July 17 —
Holt T. L. Strand, printer, Aug. 22 — Holton
R. Wooburn, Bucks, maltster, Aug. 5 — Hoo-
ton S. & S. Rich, Woodstock street, merchant
tailors, Aug. IS — Hopkins W. Leman street,
Goodman's fields, silk-thrower, Aug 26 —
Huthwaite W. Nottingham, mercer, A;!g. 7
— Jarman P. and T. Llanfihangel Brimpabean,
Brecon, wool-dealers, July 20 — Joel M. High
street, Shoreditch, glass-dealer, July 29 —
Jones J. Old Gravel-lane, corn-factor, Oct. 24
— Keene D. A Idersgate street, cabinet-maker,
July 18— Kendall E. Tabernacle Walk, Fhra-
bury square, tallow-chandler, July 8 — Reu-
nion J. the elder and younger, Nicholas lane,
brokers, November 14 — Keyte J. Birmingham,
builder, July 22 — Knight T. and S. Moslty,
Lancaster, clothiers, July 31 — Lane S. W.
Davis street, Berkley-square, coach- maker,
July 22 — Lane J. Cheapside, warehouseman,
Nov. 14 — Lansdown E. Bridgwater, inuhohier,
Aug. 9 — Lawrence R. New Windsor, brick-
layer, July 25^Leet M. Little Russel street,
Coven t garden, vintner, July 29 — Lewin .1.
Gosport, victualler, July 28 — Lightly J. and
J. Thomson, Upper Thames street, stationers,
July 15 — L»dge W. Liverpool, stone-mason,
Aug. 7 — Lamas H. L. Throgrnorton street,
insurance-broker, August 12 — Loughnan A.
New court, Swrthin's lane, merchant, July
18 — Macdonald D. Threadueedle street, mer-
chant, August 5 — Mansal) J. sod G. Burkin-

shaw, Sheffield, edge-tool manufacturers, July
28 — Mayell W. late of Exeter, but now in the
gaol of Salisbury, jeweller, August 5 — 3Iason
J. Deptford Bridge, upholder, July 29 —
MencelinJ. and D. Amick, Cheapside, per-
fumers, Aug. 5 — Merac T. and Moses La
Porte M. Queen street, Cheapside, warehouse-
men, October 31 — Moore J. H. late of Litile
Tower hill, chart-seller, July 18— Morgan j.
Conduit-street, Hanover square, bookseller,
July 29 — Morgan J. Llaofair-ary-brin, Car-
marthen, timber-merchant, July 29 — Morse T.
Wood street, Cheapside, factor, Aug. 5 — iSa>-
lor R. Chigwell, Essex, merchant, Aug. 12 —
Nelson C. Brixton, Surry, coal-merdfiaat,
Aug. 5 — Norris T. Gosport, corn-merchant,
July 28 — Ogilvy W. F. Mindnes, drnggist,
Oct 31— Ogle J. Pickwick, Wilts, esq. July
24 — Page J. Bishopsgate street, b*berdasher,
Aug 5 — Parsons T. Marchmout place, Rus-
sell square, builder, Aug. 5— Pearce \V. Do-
ver, cordwainer, July 29 — Penney W. Bade
lane, Deptford, victualler, Aug 12— Phillips

D. Cambridge street, Golden square, broker,
Aug. 5 — Pickwood G. Cloak lane, wine-mer-
chant, July 29— Poore J. Mill lane, Tooley
street, lighterman, July IS — Powell H.J. lx-
bridge, builder, July 15 — Powell W. Lom-
bard street, banker, Aug. 5— Powis R. Gros-
venor mews, veterinary-surgeon, July 29—
Pullinger G. Ropley, Hants, woollen-draper,
Aug. 12 — Pullinger G. and H. Ropley, woollen-
drapers, Aug. 12 — Rawlings W. Gracechureh-
strcet, grocer, July 15, August 5— Redpatb J.
Deptford row, upholder, July 25— Richards
G. Comhill, bookseller, July 29— Roberts D.
Trump street, warehouseman, July 8 — Roser

E. Lindfield, Sussex, soap-manufacturer, July
15— Rushforth J. Chipping Norton, Oxford,
innkeeper, July 29— Russell T. Bengwortb,
Worcester, sadler, Aug. 8 — Sampson S. and
C. Chipchase, Bread street, silk-mercers, July
29— Sampson S. Bread street, sift-mercer,
July 2g — Savory G. Southwark, victualler,
July 29— Sharpe J. Market Deeping, Lincoln,
linen-draper, Nov. 28 — Simpson T. and N.
Northallerton, York, merchants, July 29—
Smith J. S. Liverpool, shoemaker, August 5 —
Smith J. Nottingham, mercer, August 7 —
Soanes R. Mark lane and Deptford, provi-
sion-merchant, Nov. 14 — Sowden J. and J.
Hodgson, Leeds, oil- merchants, Aug. 7— Ste-
vens R. Percival street, Goswell street, silk
dyer, Aug-. 5— Stevens T. Bristol, carpenter,
Aug. 11— Taylor G. Bristol, merchant, Aug.
I — Urquhart W. Sion College gardens, mer-
chant, July 29— Usborne W. Christopher st.
Finsbury square, merchant, Aug. 6 — Vesick
W. Medbnrst, Sussex, draper, July 29— Vin-
cent J. Seething lane, carpenter, Sept. 30 —
Walton WT. Liverpool, merchant, July 24 —
Ward W. Leicester, hosier, July 25— Ware
W. Caldicott, Monmouth, shopkeeper, July

31 Watson W. Great Cambridge street,

Hackney road, builder, October 31 — Willi3 J.
and C. Hobbs, Whitechapel road, distiller.-,
Amy. 12— Williams W. Park street, Islington,
builder, Aug. IS — Wing J. Stamford, Lincoln,
victualler, Aug 3— Wood J. Lindfield, Sussex,
victualler, July 22— Wright C. Aldgate, to-
bacconist, July 22 — Wright J. Farms, nsar

j Wem, Salop, corn-factor, Aug 9.

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140
METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL,

Jvept bjy R. Banks, Mathematical Instrument-Maker, Strand, London*

'■■"" "

i«09
Day* i f

BAROME-
TER.

THERMOMETER.

WEATHER.

High-

Low-

.TUNE.

9 A. M.

9 A.M.!

)P.M.| est.

est.

Day.

Night,

30.31

Fail-

Cloudy

30.33

(55

Ditto

30.43

58§

Ditto

2(5

30.42

Ditto

1 27

30.22

Ditto

Fair

1 28

30.08

Rain

Cioudy

1 29

30.01

Ditto

Ruin

.'30

89-95

Ditto

Fail-

Jl LY

29-83

Fai,

Ditto

29-79

63*

Rain

29.53

Litto

Ditto

29.4s

4.9

55^1

Ditto

Cloudy

89-53

Ditto

£9.70

53 f

Ditto

29. 81

61H

Ditto

29.82

til

(>6

Ditto

29.88

58J

D.tto

Rain

1!)

29.88

Ditto

Cloudy

1 1

3003

Fail-

Fair

30.09

Ditto

Ditto.

30.09

Ditto ■

Ditto

30.18

(52

Ditto

30.09

6.$

Ditto

l(i

30.00

Ditto

2976

Ditto

29.90

Ditto

30.03

5(5

Ditto

30.12

Ditto

30.20

(io

Ditto

29-89

Ditto

* A. M. at 1 P. M. thunder and lightning, the thermometer retiring two degrees.

t Rain the whole day. \ Rain the whole day. § Great change to cold.

|| At 11, lightning, thunder, and heavy rain.

% Hail, thunder, and lightning. At 2 P. M. the thermometer retiring four degrees.

PRICES

Of Fire- Office, Mine, Dock, Canal, Water- Works, Brewery, Sf Public
Institution Shares, 8fc. S?c. for Aug. 1S09.

Albion Fire & Life Assur. - £38 per share
Alias Fire ami Life ------- Par.

Eagle ditto ------ £46 per share

Globe ditto £120 0 percent.

Dope ditto- - - • - - 6s. a 7s. prem.
Imperial ditto - - - - £64 a 6.5 per share

Kent ditto ------- 48 a 50 ditto

Reck ditto - - - - 4s. a 5s. premium

West Country - - £10 10 a 11 o pr. sh.
Commercial Dock Stock - 134 a 135 per cent.
East Country ditto - - - ig. a 2gs. pin.
East India ditto - - - 120 a 130 per cent.
West India ditto - - - - 175 a 180 ditto

London ditto ----- 119 a 122 ditto

Grand Junction Canal - 179 a 180 per share
Trent and Mersey do. - £1000 a 1050 ditto
Kennett and Avon ditto - - 22 a 24 ditto

FORTUNE & Co. Stock -Brokers and
General Agents, 13, Cornhill,

Chelsea Water-Works - - - 17 10 per sh.
East London ditto ----- 55gs. pm.

South ditto 135 a 140 per sh.

West Middlesex ditto - - - 111 a 112 do.
British Ale Brewery - - - 2gs a 3gs pm.
Golden-Lane Brewery original 50/.

shares ------ 70 0 per sh.

Ditto 80/ shares 96 0 ditto

Covent Garden new Theatre £500 sub-
scription shares - - - - 20gs. a 25gs. pm..

Ranelagh Company - - - - 400 0 pr. sh.

V'auxhall Bridge Shares. - - - - 4 10 ditto

Strand Ditto - - - - 4 0 a 4 4 pr. sh.

London Institution - - - - 84 0 pershare

Surrey ditto --------- Par.

Building Association - - - -" 18/- per sh.

Thames Archway - - - -, - - Si. ditto

LEWIS, WOLFE, and Co.

Change Alley.

Pi-hitcif far Tl ArXFRVA*?. fa Worth** ,k ??!/"*<■ MS, .*/rwrf.

THE

3kepo$ttorp

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE,

Manufactures ) Fashions , and Politics^

For SEPTEMBER, 1809.

K\)t j|5mtl) dumber.

EMBELLISHMENTS.

PAGE

1. A Moon-ltght Scene (a wood-cat) ...*.. 144

2. The Pheasant (by Hoivitt) 180

3. Ladies' Mourning Dress 192

4. Ladies' Promenade Sea-Beach Costume 193

5. The Hank of England 200

6. Swing-Cot Bed and Nursery Chair 205

7. Allegorical Woob-swt, with real Patterns of British Manufactures . 206

CONTENTS.

PAGE

On Splendour of Colours, by Juninus 1 4 1
Descriptive and Historical Account

of Quebec 146

Letter from Amelia to her Mother . 156'
Historical Facts relative to European

Manners and Customs .... 161
Enquiry respecting the Medicean

Venus 163

Proceedings of the French National

Institute 165

Seventh LetteT from Italy . . .168
Curious Particulars concerning the

Common House-Fly .... 174
Enquiry respecsing the Exportation

of Sage to China . . . . . 176

Explanation of the Method of cal-
culating Interest at five per cent. 177
Arithmetical Question proposed . ib.
Thoughts on the Cultivation of the

Mind 178

Sixth Letter on the Waste of Agri-
cultural Produce 179

British Sports 180

Intelligence, Literary, Scientific, &c. 183
Review of new Publications . . .186
Musical Review 189

PA#£

Observations on the Statue of the

Duke of Bedford 191

Fashions for Ladies and Gentlemen 192
Third Letter from a young Lady in
London to her Sister in the Coun-
try 194

Public Amusements—King's Theatre 196
Haymarket — English Opera . .197
Circus — Sadler's Wells — Astley's

Amphitheatre 198

Vauxhatl 199

The Bank of England 200

Retrospect of Politics ib.

Medical Report 204

Agricultural Report 205

Fashionable Furniture .... ib.
Allegorical Wood-cut, with Patterns 206
Bankrupts and Dividends .... ib.
London Markets . ... . . .210

Prices of Stocks 211

Results of Mr. Hanson's Meteorolo-
gical Journal for 1S08 . . . .212
Meteorological Table — Manchester 21 S
Meteorological Table — London. .214
Prices of Companies' Shares . . . ih.

TO OUR READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.

We earnestly solicit communications (post-paid) from professors of the Arts in ge-
neral, as well as authors, respecting works which they may have in hand. The evident
advantages which must acCrue to both from the more extensive publicity that ivill be
given to their productions through the medium of the Repository, needs only to be men-
tioned, we conceive, to induce them to favour us with such information, ivhi-ch shall
always meet with the most prompt attention.

An Engraving of the interesting specimens recently discovered in an excavation in
the vicinity of Girgenti, the ancient Agrigentum, transmitted to us by a lover of
antiquities, shall appear in our next number.

We profess our obligation to B. H. for his intelligent and perspicuous solution of
the method of computing interest. Contributions in the mathematical department,
from so able a quarter, will always be thankfully received.

An answer shall be forwarded to Carolina, agreeably to her directions.

E. W.'s account of a curious silver coin, illustrated by a wood-cut, is intended for
our next publication.

We beg to refer W. F. to the stock-broker, who, we doubt not, will explain the
subject to his satisfaction.

The Poetical Pieces by T. M. — I. C. — I. M. L. and E. W. shall have an early
place.

The subject of T. L.'s Essay has already been so fully canvassed, that the public
is not likely to receive any additional information from what may now be brought
forward on that point.

F. T. has our thanks for his communication, but we must reserve the right if judg-
ing for ourselves in all cases of the kind to which he alludes.

The reader is requested to make the following corrections in the seventh, eighth^
and present number.

No. VII. p. 2o, col. 1, /. 4 from the bottom, for lesser, read leger.
No. VIII. p. 133, col. 1, l.\, of Midnight Reflections, for thy, read thee.
In line 1 of the last stanza of the same piece, for unlamented, read poor, la-
mented. "

No. IX. p. 152, col I, I. 12, for hedge-hog, read hog in armour.

THE

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE,

Manufactures, Fashions, and Politics,

For SEPTEMBER, 1809.

SDljc Pnnil) dumber*

-The suffrage oi'thc wise,

The praise that's worth ambition, is attaiu'd
By sense alone, and dignity of mind.

Armstrong.

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS, &c— By Jcninus..

(Continuation of Letter IV. from page 74 .)

Mr. EniTou.
Miss Kitty

- was so very
desirous of finding the methods of
glazing, that she rubbed (in parts)
the upper coats from several Vene-
tian, Dutch, and Flemish pictures.
In some painters the practice of this
art is very apparent, in some not;
Corregib, as it is observed (and pro-
bably Apelles), so practised this art
of glazing, that it is only to be per-
ceived by those who examine it
carefully; while in others, such as
Titian, Tintoret, Bassano, Rubens,
and their imitators, it is apparent
on the slightest inspection. Miss

K , from her own observation,

discovered that one reason of the
particular brilliance and harmony
of the colouring of Bassano and

No. IX. }

j i

some others, is, because ihey in-
troduced gold and silver on such
places as the sunny part of skies —
bright lights on foliage, trees, &c.
which they slightly glazed over ; and
worked up many other parts with
such brilliancy, richness, and va-
riety, that they contend with the
go/cfand silver with wonderful splen-
dour and harmony. But the great
source of splendour is universal con-
trast, harmonized by balancing:
hut more of tins hereafter.

Miss K had in her study an

excellent camera, a convex mir-
ror ; such machines, as Du Piles
says, Tintoret used; little houses,
with figures and lights, as caudle-
light, introduced in the room by
windows, doors, &c. to study light
i

142

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS.

and shadow : magic-lantern shews,
such as children see for a half-
penny a piece in the streets, but
licr's was a very excellent one ; mi-
croscopes, &c. She frequently look
great delight to sec storms travel ;
the darting lightning, sometimes re-
sembling half-moons ; at others,
skimming with awful brilliancy be-
tween the trees, in her camera ob-
senra, and other sublime and beau-
tiful effects in nature. She had a
machine, made by Middleton, the
colourman, of St. Martin's-lane,
that is convenient, and holds the
materials for painting in a small
compass. This is for painting in
the fields, &c. She had peacocks'
feathers ; the feathers of many beau-
tiful birds, insects, shells, and other
productions of nature, remarkable
for splendid colouring. This, she
said, exalted her ideas in colouring;
and for angels' wings, and many
other objects, they might absolutely
be copied after. She had curious
sea-weed, which some stick on a wet
ground of paint, which makes it
look almost like a landscape, and
this they finish with paint. But this
she thought trifling, and like Cou-
sens's blots, whose method was to
blot paper, and, from this chance
of forms, finish the landscape. She
used to say, " Chance will not do ;
art is selection, which must be pur-
sued to a high ideal in every depart-
ment. From this principle, Claude
is so superior in landscape to the
Dutch and Flemish painters, who
generally only copied indi vie! ual na-
ture." She had even pieces of whale-
bone, such as ship-painters use as
a ruler, which they can bend and
turn any way ; and, by this method,
paint such things as ropes, &c.
with more firmness. I mention this

to shew that, though she was great,
she did not despise trifles.

I will now copy one of her papers
of twenty-four, chiefly Flemish and
Dutch painters, most of them re-
markable for colouring and effect.

Twenty-four Flemish and Dutch Painters, who,
excelled in colouring. — 1804-
Name.
OUt Peter Breughel
Velvet Breuglit 1
Fouquiere
Polemburgh
Van Goyers .

Wynants lGoo

Brouwer 1608

Belli ...
Younger Teniers

Hobbima lGil

Artols ....
Old Wyck . .
Waterloo . . .
Wouvevmans
Everdingen . .
Pynaker . . .
Berghein : . .
Drilleuburgh
Moucheron .
J. Ruysdaal .
Coningsloo .
Edema . .
Rosa di Tivoli
Ferg ....

Born.

Where.

1510 .

Breughel

1560 .

Brussels

1580 .

Antwerp

15S6 .

Utrecht

1596 .

Ley den

1G00 .

Haerlera

1608

Ditto

1610

Utrecht*

1610

. Antwerp

1G11

. Ditto

l6 13

. Brussels

1616

Haerlera

1618

. Utrecht

1620

Haerlem

1621

Alkmaer

1621

Pynaker

1624

H acrlem

162.-,

. Utrecht

1633

. Embden

]63G

. Haerlera

1644

. Antwerp

1652

. Amsterdam

1655

Franckfort

1689

Vienna

CONVERSATION.

Mr. Editor,

The summer before last, one
evening, between nine and ten

o'clock, I called upon Miss K ,

She opened the door herself. She
said her aunt was on a visit, one of
her maids had been out for the af-
ternoon to see a relation just come
out of the country, and the other
was gone after her to see why she
staid so long. I went into a back
parlour that overlooked an elegant
garden. She had been sitting at the
window : a vine twisted about it in
romantic ringlets ; it was also sur-

* Botli, and the younger Teniers, born in
the same year, 100 years after Old Peter
Breughel.

ON SPLENDOUR OP COLOURS.

14.3

rounded by sweet-briar and other
such plants. Tin sash was up. She
said she had been playijng on the
guitar, singing., and contemplating.
Solomon Gessner's, Du Bos', and
Du Piles' books on painting lay on
the table, also Reynolds' Com-
ments on Du Fresnoy : upon a shelf
just by, were Barry's, Fuseli's, and
Opie's works on the same art. —
(i Miss," said I, " you are always
studying-, 1 think." — " This even-
ing," she replied, " I have been
reading* a little in Gessner, of Zu-
rich ; he is a favourite poet of mine.
He is a true genius. I have his
Death of Abel, his Idyls, Inkle and
Yarico, his Daphnis, and his Au-
tumnal Morning. I have been read-
ing a description of his monument,
or, rather, statue, erected to his ho-
nour, in one of the most beautiful
of the public walks at the conflu-
ence of the Sihl and Limmat." I
asked her which of his pieces she
preferred. She said, " His Idyls
are charming ; his unaffected de-
scription of love moves me to tears :
but his Death of Abel exalts my
mind." There is an excellent trans-
lation of this celebrated work by a
female pen, by Mrs. (Joilyer, who is
mother to the ingenious engraver of
that name. " i have lately," con-
tinued she, " been reading Ram-
say's Gentle Shepherd, and Fal-
coner's Shipwreck, both works of
genius."

The conversation, from the cir-
cumstance of having been singing,
turned on songs and ballads. 1
asked her which she thought were
some of the best in our language.
She immediately answered, " Old
Robin Gray — Bessy Bell and Mary
Gray — Black-eyed Susan — Sally,
or, of all the Girls that arc so smart

— The affectionate Soldier — And
are you sure the news is true, &c. —
Sandy's Ghost— Margaret'sGhost."
" Who," said I, " do you think
paints ghosts best ?" " Fuseli,
ghosts and fairies. He is a sublime
painter, and the nearest imitator we
have of Michael Angelo Buona-
rotti." " Do you think his colour-
ing is shewy enough ?" " His co-
louring is suitable to the subjects
which he generally paints : splendid
colouring, and brilliant shewy ef-
fects, suit gravity ; such subjects
as Westall generally paints. There
should be a suitable whole together,
according to the subject ; but I
think our sublime painters are in-
ferior to our poets. In Ossian, we
find spirits gliding o'er a heath, or
sitting upon a high hill of so thin a
texture, that stars are seen faintly
through them ; and Milton, where
he describes Death, says,

" Black it stood as night,

" And shook a dreadful dart-

-What seenfd his head,

" The likeness of a kingly crown had on."

" They would even draw the fea-
tures of Death (and transgress the
same in a variety of other instan-
ces). They have not risen to a high
poetical conception, and do not
seem fully to understand how very
much indistinctness is the source of
sublimity. I think even the light-
ning's glimpse, and ihe rumbling
roll of thunder, might be easily
painted and strongly characterised.
Where's my pencil?" exclaimed
she, eagerly, " a sublime subject
is passing by." Romeo, her cat,
was walking along the garden-wall,
going out caterwauling, and the
full moon rising just be land him.
On the other side is a copy [of her
sketch : —
U 2

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS.

" You said just now, Miss,1' ob-
served 1, " (hat Gessnerwas a true
genius — what are the qualitiesj do
you think, that confer that title ?"
" I think," replied she, " as Sir
Brooke Boolhby observes, liUlc
minds are fond of examining parts.
To see things in the whole, to judge
of them in the great, requires ge-
nius ; and though talents and abi-
lities are frequent, genius is infi-
nitel}r rare This person has elo-
cution ; that is a wit; another pos-
sesses learning and knowledge ; and
a fourth is eminent for those small
arts which captivate the confidence
of mankind. In high, polished so-
-, such qualifications ace not
c lined to a few ; ai tl
lions for which (hey are requisite,
may always b iedout g

common herd. But that tr<
cnt pow< r - >f ini :llect, thai
of intuition which pervad -
luminatcs the whole of the
subject at a single glance, -
paring at once every p
lunation, ami invariably s<
the best ; those high fe<
the mind by which right is im-
pressed ou the heart as a sentiment,

at the same instant that it is received
into the understanding as a truth,
where there is a soul to animate, as
well as a heart' to direct: this is
genius ; equally rare in all ages —
seldom understood at first, because
above the times it is destined to en-
lighten and improve, and therefore
undervalued, as we may see in the
j instance of Barry, the late painter,
i and many others. But genius is
sure, sooner or later, to find its level
in the estimation of mankind. Of
such persons it has been said, with
very little of poetical fiction, that
they hold a middle station between
people of the common standard
and the higher orders of intellectual
bei ngs.' 1

" I I ask you, Miss, what

is youi on of ghosts? Do you

are ever seen after

li Margaret's ghost, or

in (he ballad ? Do

s-orv we were reading

the other night in Drciincourf, on

Mrs. Vriel called on a

lady O'f her acquaintance ; and when

talking on the subject, (old her Dre-

lincourt's book on Death was a true

description of the state of unem-

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOUTiS.

245

bodied spirits : and when the lady
called on her acquaintance t lie next
day, to her infinite surprise and
honor, she found that she had been
buried ynbove a fortnight. What
think you of this ?" "I think,"
, " it was a trick

says Miss K—
of the author or bookseller, to make
the work sell. I think such is the
nature of the eye, that even if spi-
rits were to surround us, we are not
permitted to perceive them, though
perhaps they may be so endowed as
to behold us. Such is the opinion of
the Chinese ; and the notion that
their ancestors witness their actions,
contributes to the morality of their
lives. If you were to die now in
this room, if your spirit did not
stay a moment, it must of necessity
pass by, and I should not be
to perceive it. Omniscience ■
ceives without being perceived, and
so may spirits.'5 " Should you,"
said I, " fear the of a

spirit now ?" " I think," answer-
ed she, "not much." Ins''
music began to play in the .
over us. "■ Mark ! — hush ! — hark !
— again! This is really alarn
Shall we go up ?■" V
more prudent to call in the w
man who was - :oor.

We immediately v/cnt, and ex-
plained the :'. The
watchman answered — i; What! mu-
sic up stairs in tfa ■ ', and
nobody in the house ? Why, t!
'tis plain it is haunted. I sh
be afraid oftl ' s •>. Miss; but here
is great danger, and more assist;
must be got. I will go over to the

public-house, and come back im-
mediately." He returned with three
oilier men, and we proceeded up
stairs. Just as we reached the door,
the watchman happening to be first,
shrunk back, and pushed in a
short, sturdy butcher, at the same
time saying, u C'o/ur, march o>?,
Dick!" After all, what should it
be but Romeo, who had returned
home, and was amusing himself by
walking backwards and forwards
over the keys of a harpsichord.
The watchman made a blow at him
with his staff : the cat ran up a win-
dow-curtain, jumped oil the watch-
man's head from an elevation often
leet, stuck his claws ii to his cheek,
arid then leaped to a cupboar !. The

bman, in revenge, caught hini
by the tail. Puss put his fore-legs
round a large bottle full of spirits
of turpentine, which lie threw down

• the watchn , together with

her bottle of drying oil, and a

ttle aqua-fortis : he then stuck his

claw into his antagonist's nose,

>ped on the ground, and ran and
leaped about, the watchman all the
time aiming blows at him with his
: s crying and eritreat-
imal. At last, the cat
ran up little Dick's back ; and find-
ing purchase on his head, like an
harlequin, the window being open,
took a flying leap through it, fell
on a bed of southernwood, and
scampered over the garden - wall,
unlike his name-sake, without the
assistance of a rope-ladder.

Juninus.

116

ACCOUNT OF QUEBEC.
TO THE EDITOR.

Siu,

Having, in a former num-
ber of your valuable Repository,
given an account of Montreal, I
now send a sketch of the city of
Quebec, the capital of the Canadas
and of all British America.

In point of antiquity, Quebec
takes precedence of all the towns
on the continent of North America
eastward of Mexico, having been
founded by Cham plain in 1603. Of
the origin of the name there are
different opinions. Some say, that
Champlain's people, on the first
sight of the bold promontory of
Cape Diamond, in sailing up the
river, exclaimed, ii Quel bee!"
which, as a fortunate omen, was
formed into an appellative for his
new settlement. Others assert, that
the name is derived from an Indian
word, which was given to the place
by the native Hurons. This is cor-
roborated by names of places, still
preserved in the vernacular lan-
guage, of a similar sound, as Kenc-
bec. It may be observed, that the
French, having in their alphabet
neither k nor w (consonants which
most frequently occur in the native
dialects), have distorted and dis-
guised the aboriginal appellations,
by frenchifying them. Thus, for
instance, of Erikee they make Iro-
quoi. It must be confessed, not-
withstanding, that the first suppo-
sition is very plausible, in as much
as it completely designates the situ-
ation, becde tare signifying a point
of land in French. Be that as it
may, Champlain evinced both taste
and judgment in his choice of

ground, whereon to build his new
capital*.

Round the base of the rocky pe»
ninsular promontory on which Que-
bec is erected, the noble river St.
Lawrence sweeps with a deep, clear,
and rapid current. Its other side
is Washed by the river St. Charles.
The junction of both rivers forms
a fine sheet of water, sheltered on
the north-east by the island of Or-
leans, called the Basin of Quebec.

The loftiest part of the promon-
tory presents a facade, towards the
channel of the river, of more than
550 perpendicular feet. This rock
is called Cape Diamond, from its
abounding in rock crystals of con-
siderable lustre and hardness. The
entire hill is composed of argilla-
ceous blue schist, interspersed with
large masses of grey granite, and
here and theresomelimestone. From
Cape Diamond the ground gradu-
ally declines towards the north-west,
but all round facing the water, it is
precipitous.

This situation, so strong by na-
ture, was at first only fortified by
some bastions of earth, connected
by palisading. These were fully
equal to protect the place against
any attacks which the warlike con-
federacy of the Five Nations could
make against it ; but after the Eng-

* It is not with regard to Quebec alone
that the Trench have evinced far more
judgment and taste in their choice of si-
tuations, than the English. They con-
struct their colonial towns, like their
ships, on better principles. May they
continue to d > both for our benefit !

ACCOUNT OF QUEBEC.

147

lish expedition in 1680, the fortifi-
cations began to assume a more re-
gular and formidable appearance.

When the English gained pos-
session of Quebec, in 1759, go-
vernment saw the necessity of se-
curing so valuable a conquest by
new works. These have been ever
since increasing in strength and ex-
tent ; so that, at this day, many are
of opinion, that, when completed,
the fortress will yield in strength
only to Gibraltar.

The whole upper town, except a
part of the east side, where the rock
by nature is inastfailable, is sur-
rounded with bastions and curtains,
of great thickness, and faced with
solid masonry. These have, to-
wards the plains of Abraham, a
broad, dry ditch, but as yet no out-
works. More than 200 pieces of
heavy ordnance, besides mortars
and howitzers, are mounted on this
formidable line of fortification.

The works on the summit of Cape
Diamond, when finished, will form
the citadel. At present* they are
only completed on the soutli side,
where they tower above Point Levi,
and on the west, where they over-
look the plains of Abraham. As
yet there are no fortifications which
separate Cape Diamond from the
upper townt.

• This account refers to the year 1 807.

f On a bare inspection of the works, it
must appear evident to any one gifted
with a sound plain understanding, that
by raising the ground, and consequently
the fortifications, on the south-west angle
of the citadel, the plains of Abraham
would be completely commanded. This
would supersede the necessity of outworks,
which are attended with an enormous ex-
pence, which require a great increase of

Although nature and art have
combined to render Quebec a very
strong place, yet is it exposed to
be greatly annoyed by an enemy su-f
perior in the field, even without the
necessity of investing it: for as the
high grounds on the opposite shore
round Point Levi, are not more than
about 600 fathoms from Cape Dia-
mond, it would be impossible to
pre vent a bombardment from thence.
The works, also, on the declivity of
the hill, as they rise above each
other, expose their flanks, andmight
be severely enfiladed from batteries
erected on the opposite side of the
river St. Charles. It is true, from
neither points could approaches, or
any impression on the body of the
place, be made. Trenches might
indeed be opened on the plains of
Abraham, where, in a few spots,
the ground is on a level with the
fortifications. The whole extent of
the works is about tvvo miles and a
half.

The city of Quebec is distinctly
divided into the upper and lower
town, and a good deal resembles,
in other particulars as well as in this,
the town of Boulogne in France.
The upper town is laid out in five
principal streets, which open in two
irregular places, the Market-place
and the Place d'/lrmcs. At the
other end, these streets are termi-
nated by five gates, from which
they derive their names. These
are, Port St. Louis, the highest
facing the west, and opening on
the plains of Abraham ; lower, on
the same side, is Port St. John;
Hope Gate faces the north ; Palace
Gate is opposite the ci-devant in-
tendant's palace, now in ruins; and

the garrison, and which, if carried, would

serve as lodgments for the enemy.

ACCOUNT OF QUi.

lastly, Present Gate, erected by
General Preseot, forms the only
communication with the lower town,
to which it is joined by abroad and
Steep '.in-H. Outside the gates
thci"^ are extensive suburbs.

The lower town embraces the
base of the rock, extending under
its shade more than a mile, from the
Ance deMcrioihc river St. Charles,
over which is thrown a large wooden
bridge, supported by stone piers,
called Dorchester bridge. The
streets, of neces; ity, arc narrow,
and the houses high. The lowest
parts next the river are abominably
filthy, being the common receptacle
for the dust and rubbish of both
towns.

The inhabitants are as distinct as
the towns. The upper town is the
residence of all the officers of go-
vernment, civil and military, and
of the learned professions ; Avhilst
all the commercial classes inhabit
the lower. The houses are substan-
tial buildings of stone, in a medium
style between French and English,
but by no means handsome. Those
of the lower town, in general, are
the best.

There are a number of public
buildings, almost all situated in the
upper town.

The Jesuits' college is: a striking
instance of the public spirit of that
celebrated soqiety. For a colonial
town, it is an immense building, of
a quadrangular figure, three stories
high, with spacious corridors run-
ning all round the interior. Its
front forms one side of the market-
place.

"When the order was suppressed
in Europe, the Jesuits were pro-
tected by the British government
in Canada : but as they could re-

no new members, the old gra-
dually died off. On the demise of
the last, their public buddings and
establishments in Canada, together
with all their endowments, devolved
to the crown. The college is con-
verted into excellent barracks, which
may contain 2000 men. The artil-
lery barracks, near Palace Gate,
are an extensive range of build-
ings, and contain a very tine ar-
mory.

The Seminary, which is in fact
the present college, is an extensive
edifice, situated near the ramparts',
and surrounded by a fine garden.
It was originally founded for the
education of those intended for the
priesthood. It now, however, re-
ceives the youth'of the Roman Ca-
tholic persuasion, intended to be
educated for any profession.

Near the Seminary, on the espla-
nade, is situated the palace of the
former bishop. This is a large ir-
regular building, containing public
offices and a public library. The
provincial representatives meet in
its chapel.

Quebec contains two convents,
both large buildings, with hand-
some gardens.. The Hotel Dieu
contains twenty-seven nuns, with
their superior. They administer to
the sick, and attend the hospitals.

In the convent of Ursulines there
are thirty-six nuns, with the supe-
rior. This convent is the seminary
for female education.

On the river St. Charles, one
mile west' of the city, is situated
(he general hospital. It is a spaci-
ous, regular structure, containing,
besides the sick wards, &c. a con-
vent and chapel. Thirty-seven sis-
ters administer to the sick, with the
utmost assiduity and tenderness. In

ACCOUNT OF QUEEEC.

149

no hospitals in Protestant countries,
however Avell regulated, can the sick
possibly receive so much comfort
and benefit.

The Roman Catholic cathedral
occupies one side of the market-
place, opposite the barracks. It is
large and plain, with a high steeple
attached to one side, of fanciful ar-
chitecture, not unlike a Turkish
minaret.

In the center of the square has
been lately erected a \cry conveni- j
ent market-house, of a circular form.

The Place (VAnnes, occupying
nearly the highest, part of the upper
town, is almost surrounded by pub-
lic buildings. On the cast side, are
the main guard and the Chateau de
St. Louis. This last, formerly the
residence of the governors, is now
used for offices and state apartments.
It lias a pleasant garden, and its
rear presents to the river a very
striking fagade.

The governor now resides in a
long house in front of the other,
built by General Haldimandi, who
appears to have taken his model
from a Dutch barn. This pa/ace
contains one row of windows, next
the roof; and to render it as absurd
as it is ugly, it is decorated with
one stump of a wing. Yet this edi-
fice might be made respectable at a
moderate expence, by only adding
another wing, and joining both by
a colonnade in front, which would
hide the dead wall.

Opposite the chateau are the
courts of law, where pleadings are
made in French and English. These
are comprised in a new substantial
building, more convenient than ele-
gant.

Next to this last is situated, by
far the handsomest structure in

No. IX. Vol. II.

Quebec, and indeed the only one
that deserves to be called handsome,
the new Protestant cathedral. The
east end faces the Place, by which
the portico and front of the fine
steeple are concealed. The interior
is finished in an elegant style, the
roof being supported by two rows
of Corinthian pillars* It is fur-
nished with a superb organ j and.
has a good choir. The plan was
copied from St. Martin's in the
Fields. It was built under the di-
rection of Colonel Robe, of the ar-
tillery, and cost .£20,000,

On the south side of the Place
(TArmeS) there is a new and large
hotel. It contains an excellent cof-
fee-room, and a fine suite of assem-
bly-rooms. There are several other
open spaces in the upper town,
which is but partially paved : it is,
however, undergoing a rapid im-
provement.

From an enumeration made in the
year 1807, there were found in the
upper town 016 inhabited houses;
and in the lowerj including the sub-
urbs of St. John and St. Rocque)
&c. there were 1750, making a total
of 2696; which, at six persons to a
house, gives a population of 16, 176,
besides the garrison*.

Although Quebec is situated so
far south as 46° 47') two degrees
to the southward of Paris, yet the
climate approximates to that of St.
Petersburg, in 60° north. It is

* The guesses made of the population
of the Canadasbv late travellers, are ex-
tremely vague and contradictory. There
has been no census since the conquest by
Wolfe; but, from returns made to go-
vernment in lSOo", I can with confidence
state, that the inhabitants of both pro-
vinces amount to considerably more than
eight hundred thousand.

150

ACCOUNT OF QUEBEC.

upon record, that in a severe -winter,
many years ago, Hie mercury in
Fahrenheit *fe thermometer sunk to
39° below zero, where it froze. At
the same time, a bomb-shell, filled
with water and closely stopped, ex-
ploded as if charged with gunpow-
der. It is a disputed point, whe-
ther the climate lias, or has not,
gained a permanent degree of ame-
lioration. The former is the public
sentiment. On the first settlement
of the English in the country, it
was an established custom, that no
vessel should depart from the river
after the first week in November:
at present, however, they venture
to take their departure so late as
Christmas.

The first fall of snow generally
occurs about the middle of October.
This is followed by a thaw, and
three weeks or a month of fine warm
weather, which is called the Indian
summer. There is then a heavy
fall of snow, and the frost sets in
hard about Christmas. From that
time to the middle of March, the
winter is unrelenting. From an
average of ten years, the range of
Fahrenheit's thermometer, during
the months of January, February,
and March, was found to be from
12" to 28°.

The methods employed to coun-
teract this severe cold are very effi-
cacious. Within, the houses are
fortified with double doors and win-
dows, and every chink covered with
listing; whilst cast-iron stoves and
flues keep up a,K' diffuse an equable
heat, to any degree of temperature.
The English find the warmth of be-
tween 60° and 70° sufficiently com-
fortabl , but the Canadians are not
.satisfied with any thing under 80°.
They more frequently heat their

rooms to 90°, nay, sometimes io
100°, when the stove appears red
hot. Yet, after stewing in this oven
for hours, they expose themselves
to the cold out of doors with impu-
nity, lighter clothed than the stran-
gers. This sudden transition is,
however, agreeable to the constitu-
tion of the climate, for in summer
the thermometer rises to 90° and up-
wards.

On going into the open air, the
head, neck, cars, and half of theface,
are protected by a fur cap or casque.
A fur tippet protects the lower parts
up to the nose. The gloves are lined
with fur, and thick yarn stockings
are drawn over the boots, whilst
cloth slippers protect the feet.

Almost every one keeps a horse
and cariolc, which are employed for
the shortest distances. Seated in
this vehicle, and wrapt up in a buf-
falo, bear, or beaver robe, the se-
verest weather may be encountered.
The docility, vigour, and dexterity
with which the hardy little Cana-
dian horses draw these carioles and
sleighs up and down the steepstreets,
are truly admirable. There are also
dogs trained, like those of Kam-
schatka, to perform the same ser-
vice.

A winter in Quebec passes over
very pleasantly. Society is made
up of an agreeable melange of
French and English. Business be-
ing at a stand, amusement becomes
the only business; and as wines and
provisions are so easily procured,
good cheer and hospitality are met
with every where.

Cariole racing on the ice is a fa-
vourite amusement with the inha-
bitants. But, as a further proof of
the increasing mildness of the win-
ters, a pont de g6Ie is now of rare

ACCOUNT OF QUEBEC.

151

occurence. This is formed by the
floating ice becoming wedged, and
accumulating. in the narrow chan-
nel opposite Cape Diamond, where
it is frozen into a solid mass, capa-
ble of sustaining any imaginable
weight. The artillery, mounted on
sleighs, have been exercised on it.

But inordinary winters, the tran-
sit of the river is made in boats, or
canoes, which are rowed through
the channels between the islands of
ice, and are then hauled across the
latter until they meet another chan-
nel. In performing this passage,
unexpected delays sometimes occur;
night comes on, and one or other of
the party is not unfrequently found
frozen to death. The extinction of
life by frost is difficult to be guard-
ed against, as its approaches are so
insidious. Sleep gently pervades
the senses, and gradually becomes
more profound, until it ends in the
sleep of death. This is, beyond
comparison, the easiest mode of
ceasing to exist.

The Canadians have a curious
mode of catching a small species of
cod-fish, called tommy-cod. Dur-
ing the severe weather, they erect
huts on the plain of ice which co-
vers the basin of Quebec. In these
huts they fix stoves, and make of
them temporary habitations. Thro'
the icy floors they cut a narrow
trench, until they come to the wa-
ter. The tish crowd to the opening
in great numbers, and they catch
them with bait as fast as they can
dfaw them up. The fish, when
caught, are thrown on the ice out-
side, and instantly become frozen
stiff: they still, however, retain the
vital principle ; for, on being put
into cold water, even some days af-
ter, they recover, and swim about.

The same phenomena take .place
with fish frozen at St. Petersburg,
and sent to Moscow.

The summer scenery of Quebec;
forms a striking contrast to that of
winter — one can scarcely believe it
is the same country. To a stranger,
in sailing up the river, the city it-
self assumes a most impressive and
imposing aspect. A bold and high
promontory, covered with build-
ings, terminates the vista of the
river and basin, the latter being
thronged with shipping. From the
base to the summit, the buildings
rise above each other, like the seats
of a theatre, and present their best
fronts to the river. In some plaices,
the lofty ramparts interpose ; in
others, groupes of trees ; and here
and there, the naked perpcndicu'ar
rock is seen dividing the upper from
the lower town. Above all, the
roofs of the principal structures,
with their turrets, and the lofty
steeples of the two cathedrals, the
whole covered with tin, glitter in
the sunshine of a clear azure sky,
and encourage the idea that the vi-
sitor is about to enter a magnificent
city; which, however, is effectually
removed at his landing.

But if the city disappoints t lie
expectation, its charming environs
cannot fail to surpass it : indeed the
beauty, variety, and grandeur of
the scenery, can scarcely be exag-
gerated by the most florid descrip-
tion.

A circumference of ten miles
round Quebec affords many pleasant
excursions by land and wafer. On
the north side there are the fine rides
about Sillery and Belmont, Loret-
to, Lake St. Charles, Montmorenci,
Chateau Richer, falls of La Puce,
&c. The large and fertile ishndof
X2

152

ACCOUNT OF QUEBEC.

Orleans divides the channel of the
St. Laurence, and contains, in it-
self, a variety of interesting objects ;
■whilst the south side is embellished
-with Point Levi, the beautiful sce-
nery of the river Etchemin, and that
of the river and falls of La Chau-
diere.

A celebrated wit, who lately vi-
sited Quebec, has compared the
city, with its surrounding scenery,
to a hedge-hog reposing on a bed
of roses.

Captain Bye, of the engineers,
has lately executed a model, in
wood, of Quebec and its fortifica-
tions : it occupies a space of about
twenty feet by twelve. Every fixed
object is represented with mathe-
matical precision. Since the de-
struction by fire of the fine model of
Gibraltar, it is presumed that there
is nothing extant of the kind to be
compared with this.

The commerce of the port of
Quebec has been rapidly on the
increase, Of late years, the ave-
rage number of vessels which clear-
ed out annually, was 200 sail. It
is now increased to more than 300,
containing about 70,000 tons, and
navigated by about 3,600 seamen.
The tide rises sometimes twenty feet
at Quebec ; which, however, is more
than 500 miles from the sea.

The history of Quebec is interest-
in"-, but top long to be detailed. It
lias sustained three sieges. The first
was in 1680. A considerable army
inarched from New England, un-
der the command of the governor of
that province, to invest the place by
land, whilst an English fleet sailed
up the Saint Lawrence to attack it
by water. The army was conducted
by a party of Iroquois, inimical to
the French, but who abandoned

their allies in the midst of the wil-
derness ; in consequence of which,
the provincials were dispersed, and
returned home as they could. —
Meanwhile, a force was landed from
the fleet to make a diversion, but
they were promptly attacked by the
French, and forced to re- embark
with great loss. This expedition,
therefore, totally failed.

The second was more fortunate.
The great Lord Chatham, justly
alarmed at the progress the French
arms were making in North Ame-
rica, foresaw that the north-western
continent must soon obey one or
other of the rival powers. A for-
midable armament for the times,
consisting of about 15,000 men, in
250 transports, and convejed by 20
men of war, was fitted out with so
much expedition, that it arrived in
the river St. Laurence in June
1759*. It was commanded by Ge-
neral Wolfe and Admiral Saunders.
Notwithstanding this promptitude,
the enemy was prepared to meet it.
He first made a bold attempt to burn
the fleet in the river by fire-ships ;
it was well conducted, and would
probably have succeeded, if he had
not set fire to them too soon.

Point Levi was first attacked and
carried by the English, from whence
(lie town was bombarded. The
French, to prevent an investment,
had posted their principal force at
Montmorenci. The ground was very
strong. Wolfe attacked them with
the flower of the troops, consisting
of all Ins flank companies : he could

* Had this expedition been delayed
a fortnight, or even a week longer, it had
as certainly failed, as some expeditions
have done during this revolutionary war,
from the same cause.

ACCOUNT OF QUEBEC.

153

not, however, with the most heroic
exertions, force their strong posi-
tions, and was compelled to retreat
to his baltcaiLT, leaving 1500 of
his men on the field. This loss,
together with the approach of win-
ter, would have justified a frigid
calculating general in giving up
the enterprise : but Wolfe was re-
solved to conquer or die. lie did
both.

As he could not gain the heights
of Abraham by one route, he tried
another, which the enemy thought
impracticable. He landed his men
higher up the river', at the A nee de
Mer, since called Wolfe's cove. It
is the only assailable acclivity on
the whole coast ; and although now
there is a horse-road made down the
slope to the water, at that time it
was covered with brush-wood, and
had not even a path.

On the morning of the 13th De-
cember, before day-break, the ad-
vanced party gained the heights.
The whole army, consisting of about
5,000 men, followed; upon which,
Montcalm, the French governor,
witli equal rashness and presump-
tion, drew out the garrison and
gave battle. The contest was not
long in deciding — both command-
ers fell. They shew a rock of
grey granite, rising above the sod,
in a hollow (which is rounded by
travellers knocking off fragments),
on which the illustrious Wolfe
breathed his last: and this is the
only monument that exists, to com-
memorate the hero in the very
country which he conquered.

The enemy was panic-struck,
and capitulated : otherwise, if he
had collected his scattered forces,
which would have trebled that of
the victors, and held out a few days

until the severe weather set in, the
siege must have been raised.

The last enterprise against Que-
bec was planned with great judg-
ment, and executed with no less
spirit and vigour, so that it had
nearly proved successful.

The Canadians had as yet no time
to appreciate the freedom, happi-
ness, and security they enjoyed
under the British government, when
the American revolution broke out,
and set them all in a flame with the
hopes of a speedy independence.
— The Congress, taking advantage
of these sentiments, determined on
the conquest of the country ; and
so certain were they of succeeding,
that they actually made a proviso
in their declaration of independ-
ence, to admit Canada into the
union as a fourteenth state.

On the other hand, the military
force in the province was at that
time very weak. It scarcely amount-
ed to 2000 regulars and provincial
militia, that could be depended on.
But it possessed a governor in Ge-
neral Carleton, who was not to be
daunted with difficulties, great as
they were.

The republicans having reduced
Crown Point and Ticonderago, be-
came masters of Lake Champlain.
From thence Montgomery marched
at the head of 3000 men to invade
Canada. Fort St. John was the key
of the province on that side. It was
a place of considerable strength;
and on the 6th of September, 1775,
Montgomery appeared before it,
without either cannon or ammuni-
tion. He marched further on, how-
ever, and surprised the castle of
Chamblie, where he found both.
He then countermarched, and took
St. John's. The place being bravely

1.54

ACCOUNT OF QUEBEC.

defended by Major Preston, this re-
tarded the progress of Montgomery
for near a month, and gave time to
Carleton to prepare for a defence.

That general had collected all his
disposable force on board some
armed vessels, to defend Montreal ;
but Montgomery succeeded with
his flotilla in driving them up the
river, upon which Montreal capi-
tulated. Carleton now was com-
pelled to effect his escape in the
night, by gliding down the stream
with muffled oars. He reached
Quebec in safety, but General Pres-
cot and his armed craft were oblig-
ed to surrender to Montgomery.

Whilst this distinguished officer
was making a regular conquest of
Canada above Quebec, Arnold was
detached, in the middle of Septem-
ber, from Boston, with 1500 New
Englanders. After enduring incre-
dible hardships, he penetrated the
wilderness, and appeared on the.
banks of the St. Lawrence, opposite
Quebec, on the 9th of November.
J J is arrival was so prompt and un-
expected, that he seized five fishing
boats on that side of the river, and
although the English had two fri-
gates and some smaller vessels in
ihe river, yet he contrived to ferry
his men over during a dark night.

At the same time that Arnold ar-
rived before Quebec, General Carle-
ton joined the garrison from Mont-
real .

The garrison consisted of about
80 regulars and 500 seamen and ma-
rines, collected from all the vessels
in the river. To these were added
about as many provincials and Eng-
lish inhabitants. The whole force was
insufficient to man half the works.

The winter had nowsetin. Mont-
gomery, however, marched from

Montreal, and joined Arnold before
Quebec on the 5th of December.

The town was first summoned,
but Carleton would not suffer the
flag of truce to approach the Avails.
The Americans then opened a six-
gun battery against the works, whilst
they threw shells into the town from
Point Levi. But this proving mere
children's play against such a for-
tress, and the weather becoming in-
supportably severe, it was resolved
to attempt the place by escalade.

The assault took place the last
morning of the year 1775, during a
heavy fall of snow.

It must be observed, that both the
lower and upper towns, on the side
next the water, were at that time
open, and only protected by occa-
sional temporary defences.

Montgomery formed four divi-
sions of his little army. Two of
these were to make demonstrations
of an assault from the plains of Abra-
ham, in order to draw the strength
of the garrison to that quarter, whilst
the other two divisions, headed by
Montgomery and Arnold, made the
real attack. The first led on his,
round the base of the rock, with a
view of gaining the upper town by
Prescot Gate, which was then only
a barrier of palisadoes. The other
attacked by the suburbs of St.
Rocque.

The path Montgomery took was
not more than seven or eight feet
broad, with the perpendicular rock
on one side, and the Avater on the
other. Across this path, about half
Avay round the base of the rock, a,
breastwork was thrown up, mount-
ed with two nine-pounders. It was
commanded by a captain of an arm-
ed vessel, and a party of seamen.
The morning just began to daAvn \

ACCOUNT OF QUEBEC.

155

the snow fell thick and constant, and
the steps of the assailants in the
new-fallen snow, made no noise.
As they approached within a few
yards of the works, a doubtful and
indistinct sound was heard, and the
defenders challenged. No answer
was returned. A short and awful
pause ensued — whilst it is probable
Montgomery was preparing for the
assault. Then, without seeing a
single person, the two guns, loaded
with grape, were tired.

As the attacking party could
scarcely form four a-breast, and
were in close order*, the effects of
the discharge were terribly destruc-
tive. Groans and confusion now
exposed the attack, which a few
more discharges entirely dispersed.
Yet, for two hours after, the de-
fenders did not venture out from
behind their, breast-work, nor did
they imagine the destruction they
had made. Montgomery and his
principal officers fell.

Meanwhile Arnold stormed and
took a battery of four guns, though
obstinately defended ; but he had
his leg shattered in the attack, and
was obliged to be carried oil". The
garrison now rccovt d from its alarm;
a party sallied out, and attacked
Arnold's division in the rear, who,
after bravely defending themselves
for three hours, were at last compel-
led to surrender themselves prison-
ers of war.

Montgomery's fate was not yet
known. The snow had covered the
bodies of the killed and wounded,
and they were at length discovered
by an arm and a leg here and there
projecting above its surface. Al-
though Carlcton held the revolu-
tionists in the utmost contempt and
hatred, yet his esteem for their ge-
neral was such, that he granted mi-

litary honours to his remains, which
are interred near Port St. Louis.
Thus fell, in the prime of life, Ri*>
chard Montgomery. In him the
qualities of the gentleman, the scho-
lar, and the soldier, were united.
He was undoubtedly the most ac-
complished military character which
the American revolution produced ;
for though Washington, as a com-
mander in chief, deserved all the
fame he has received, yet he evinced
no extraordinary talents as a general.

In consequence of the partiality
of the Canadian inhabitants, the
Americans were enabled to keep pos-.
session of part of the country until
the ensuing spring. Arnold having
received reinforcements, and being
acquainted with the extreme weak-
ness of the garrison, renewed the
blockade of Quebec. At length the
Isis man of war and two frigates,
having forced their passage through
the ice, arrived in the basin with
reinforcements, in the beginning of
May. Immediately, on the 6th of
the same month, General Carleton
sallied out at the head of the garri-
son, to attack the rebel camp ; upon
which the republicans scampered
off in the greatest confusion, leav-
ing every thing behind them, and
in two months Canada was entirely
cleared of the Americans.

From our late disputes with the
United States, Quebec was likely to
expect another hostile visit. But
with such additional strength as its
works have lately received, and with
such an ally as a Canadian winter,
it " may laugh a siege to scorn."
Whilst the British flag waves tri-
umphant on the ocean, Quebec can
never be taken ; and experience has
proved, that whatever power pos-
sesses that fortress, must be master
of the Canadas. E. W.

io6

LETTER FROM AMELIA.

My dear and ever honoured Mother,

I shall say nothing of the de-
light which your continual appro-
bation a fiords me ; on that subject
I can only repeat, what has been so
often repeated, and till I can frame
new expressions to convey the grate-
ful sentiments of my heart to you, I
shall be content with feeling them as
I ouoht : and the confidence that
you believe them to be ever in my
heart, though they may not appear
upon my paper.

My present letter will be on a
new subject. My former ones have
derived their topics from my going
abroad: this will be a little history
of my staying at home. I have not
passed the threshold these five

days, which Lady E calls un

siecle de solitude ; but do not sup-
pose, I beseech you, that I have
been raking till I am ill, or that in
the course of pleasure 1 have been
running myself out of breath ; and
that, therefore, I am obliged to re-
tire, in order to recruit my ex-
hausted strength. It is no such
thing. Never was my health bet-
ter ; nor have I at any time experi-
enced any material inconvenience,
from the many bustling scenes of
pleasure in which I have been en-
gaged ; nor have I suffered any fa-
tigue, which one night's application
to my pillow has not completely
dissipated. But my aunt has been
indisposed, though not with any se-
rious illness, yet sufficiently to pre-
vent her from going out, as well as
receiving her usual company at
home. Under these circumstances,
there was not a moment's hesitation,
in my mind, which I should pre-
fer, the pleasures of the world, or

her dressing-room ; and I do de-
clare— nay, I assert with confi-
dence, and, as it is addressed to you,
I make the assertion with pride,
that, setting aside my dear aunt's
personal suffering, I have enjoyed
a far more real heartfelt satisfaction
in attending upon her, than I should
have found in any, or in all of the
amusements which I have foregone,
b}' discharging my delightful duties
to her.

She has been attacked by one of
her nervous head-achs, and with
more than usual violence ; but I
have not quitted her for a moment.
She is now, however, getting bet-
ter ; nay, she is almost well : and
what a delight was conveyed to my
heart, when she yesterday told the
physician, that she was indebted
for her speedy recovery, to the
kind and soothing attentions of her
darling niece ! Such washer ex-
pression ; but that was not all : for

Dr. R thanked me himself, in

the most flattering terms, for being
his coadjutress in the rapid restora-
tion of his patient. But be that as
it may, I derive from the impres-
sion the delightful consciousness of
having done my duty to one, who
has shewn such a warm affection
to me ; who is now making her
house a maternal home ; and who,
during my present visit, appears to
have altogether devoted herself to
my comfort and happiness. She
did not wish that her indisposition
should have proved the least inter-
ruption of my pleasurable engage-
ments; but if her illness were to
continue during the whole of the
time allotted for my stay in Lon-
don, I would say adieu, to the

LETTER FROM AMELIA.

157

heau monde.) and devote myself to
her comforts, as far as I could pro-
cure or increase them.

You have often been pleased,
m v dearest mother, to tell me what
an excellent nurse I was. Alas, I;
most sensibly feel that I have been
schooled to that character in your
chamber, where you have suffered
so much affliction, and I have
learned so much good ! Nor have
the duties in which I have been
lately engaged, proved less pleas-
ing-to me, from the relic*, (ion, that
I have so often performed them, as
I trust I shall continue to do, if it
should please God to prolong her
infirmities, to the best of parents.
But I am not likely to remain with-
out more substantial rewards. My
nursing character is not, I assure
you, to be confined to those, in
whose service I have hitherto been
employed. Nor will you guess at
all the advantages which 1 am told
it may procure for me : for this
morning my lively friend, Lady

E , would not be denied ; so up

stairs she came ; and, when she saw
me engaged in my usual offices,
she insisted upon it, that I was
formed to be married to a gouty
husband ; and vowed she woidd ad-
vertise for one, who could give me
authentic proofs, confirmed at least
by one physician, one apothecary,
and one nurse, that, upon a fair
average, he would, six months in
the year, be wrapped up in flannels.
She then proceeded to name every
gouty and rheumatic old bachelor,
or widower of fashion, about town ;
from some of whom, she said, I
might expect to receive very early
propositions; and she did not doubt
that my aunt would soon have to
inform you, that 1 had actually run

No. IX. Vol. II.

away with a lover on crutches. But
s it was one of my duties, as a
nurse, to prevent my patient from
being distracted by a voluble tongue
and a loud voice, 1 was obliged to
propose a party at chess, which I
have undertaken to teach her, in
order to save my poor aunt from
the worry of her shrill and vocife-
rating vivacity. What kind' of a
husband she will get, or what kind
of a wife she will make, when she
does <j;et one, I shall not trust my-
self with forming a conjecture ; but
of this I am sure, that if he should
be in a situation to require flannels,
she would leave some hired substi-
tute to put them on, and take them
off, and console herself for his
pains, by dashing into every circle
of pleasure.

Your favourite word in the Eng-
lish language, and, I thank heaven,
you have taught it to be mine, is
affection. How often, under the
powerful influence of the superior
sentiment which bears that name,
have you instructed, improved, and
delighted me : nay, is it not to
your implanting it iu my mind, and
cultivating it there, that I owe all
the real comfort which I enjoy, as
well as the character I am told that
I possess ? It is this that gives duty
its fine colouring in the eye of
others, and the high gratification
which results from it to oneself. It
is this which has made my attend-
ance on my dear aunt's sick-room
far more pleasing to me, than all the
entertainments would have been of
which it has deprived me. It is this
that has kept my eyes open, when
I have sat by her bed, long after
the hour when I usually retire to
my own, without weariness or las-
situde; and it is this which, when
Y

158

LETTER FttOM AMELIA.

I have retired to my repose, has
rendered it calm and refreshing till
I arose to renew my duties. It is,
as you so emphatically called it, in
your last serious discourse with me,
the powerful talisman, which will
preserve the heart from all real
evil. Indeed, I find it so ; for, so
far from perceiving it to be impaired
by my late continual communica-
tion with the pleasures of the world,
I can confidently declare, that they
have rather increased it. It is not
indeed an ornament for common
wear ; there is little or no call for
it in general society : it retires ra-
ther to some secret corner of the
heart, amid the gaiety and bustle
of public life, and resigns its place
to those qualities which play upon
the surface, and decorate the ex-
terior deportment with their lively
and glittering fascination. It leaves
the spangles to glisten on the robe
of fashion, and the odours of an
hour to scent it; while it reserves
its substantial, golden decoration,
for the hour sacred to friendship,
to love, and domestic duty, and
then breathes forth a perfume which
never dies.

It so happened that the occasion
led me to speak, with some degree
of animation, in praise of this
happy disposition of the mind, and
the felicity which results from it,

to Lady E , when she suddenly

interrupted me with the exclama-
tion— " How happens it then that,
with all this superabundant affec-
tion, you never fall in love? I
should have thought," added she,
" that this fine, warm sentiment
must have converted }rour heart into
a piece of tinder, which would have
been set on fire by every brilliant
spark that came across it. For my

part, my dear, I have been in lore
half a dozen times this very winter :
nay, I am not without a favourite
impression at this very moment,
which may last, perhaps, till Mon-
day night, when I am to be at

Lady W 's ball ; where, it is

not improbable, I may get rid of
this, if I do not receive another.'*
— My reply was, that it was this
very disposition which guarded my
heart against these transient emo-
tions ; that it served as a check to
those fanciful preferences to which
she was so subject : that it might
indeed prepare my heart for the
tender passion, but she might be
assured, whenever I felt its influ-
ence, it would not be from a sud-
den impulse, but the result of rea-
son and reflection, and for life.
She then laughed for five minutes,
before she could let me hear her ar-
ticulate her notions of the perfect
ridiculousness of being in love for
life : and she continued to treat the
subject with a vivacity, and in a
way so original, as it appeared to
me, that I could not help joining
in the laugh, as it were, against
myself. But, with all her plea-
santry, she has long since convinced
me, that affection alone can beget
affection. It is impossible to be
treated with greater kindness, ac-
cording to her mode, than I am
by her : she suffers no opportunity
to pass by of marking her pre-
ference, without manifesting it to
me. Though she continually ral-
lies me on what she is pleased to
call my high-flown notions, roman-
tic sentiments, and simple rustic
virtues, I well know that she speaks
of me to others in those terms of ad-
miration, which I shall not repeat
even to you : nevertheless, I do

LETTER PROM AMELIA.

150

not feel for her any thing more than
a regulated kind of esteem, and a
disposition to that reciprocation of
good offices, which proceeds from
what I shall call a moral sense of
gratitude. If I were to encourage
an affectionate emotion for her, it
would display itself in no better
way than that of pity for her frivo-
lous life, and the subjecting an ex-
cellent understanding to the tyranny
of fashion, and concentrating all
her happiness in the pleasures of
the world. Her glory is to be in
the height of the ton, which her
rank and fortune enable her to as-
sume. Nor docs she ever appear
unhappy, but when, exhausted by
dissipation, her mother insists upon
her staying at home, for a few days,
to recruit her strength ; when, to
save herself from dying of ennui,
she reads novels from morning till
night. Some time since, I had not
seen her for a week; and finding,
on enquiry, that she was confined
with a violent cold, I notified my
intention to come and pass an even-
ing with her. It was my object not
only to be civil, but to be kind ; at
least, I well know, in what point of
view I should have considered such
an offer, had it, in similar circum-
stances, been made to me : but, to
my extreme astonishment, she wrote
me, in answer, that she was a pale,
ghastly fright, not fit to be seen by
any one ; and, therefore, she did
not wish that any one should come
to see her: and begged, above all
things, that I would not insult her
with the appearance of my rustic
health ; but that if I could find in
the old family receipt-book, which
was a favourite work in the book-
room of all country ladies, so cer-
tain and rapid a cure for a cold, as

would enable her to appear at the
opera on the following Saturday ;
which not only the grave physician,
but the bowing apothecary, had
declared to be impossible, without
risking her life; she would consi-
der me as her yEsculapian divinity.
But, as I did not possess the pa-
nacea which she required, I left her
to recover in the ordinary way ; and
in about a week, I actually met her
at the opera, with a very valetu-
dinary aspect indeed; of which, you
may be assured, I took no notice.
She, however, was very conscious
of it y but consoled herself with the
idea that it rendered her interesting,
and she should accordingly, she
said, avail herself of the opportu-
nity, which her late indisposition
gave her, to play off her languid
charms to the more delicate and
sentimental gentlemen. For you
must know, my dearest mother,
that there is a refined species of fa-
shionable men, who consider deli-
cacy as the principle of beauty ; and
who admire nothing so much as a
pale face, a languid look, and a
weak voice. An hectic flush, and
a gentle cough, are irresistible at-
tractions ; and an occasional faint-
ing fit confirms their admiration.
My country bloom, which a Lon-
don life has not diminished, has, I
assure you, attracted the censure of
some of these mincing, male co-
quettes. I have been actually ac-
cused of the horrible offence of
rude, vulgar health ; and one of
them condescended to deliver an
opinion that, as my figure was
good, a tertian ague of six weeks or
two months duration, might give
me some attractions. — But I must
have done.
I cannot, however, conclude with-
Y2 '

160

EUROPEAN MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.

out informing you, that I have been
invited to a wedding ; but I at once
declined the honour proposed me.
It is a scene which I have no curi-
osity to witness ; and the circum-
cumstances which usually accom-
pany such a festivity, are not to my
taste. Besides, the marriage to which
I have been invited, is not of a na-
ture, according to my notions of
such a solemn and lasting contract,
to produce any pleasing reflect ions
in my mind. I hear too much about
matrimony. As it is known that I
am an heiress of considerable expec-
tations, my female acquaintance arc
continually pressing upon my atten-
tion coronets, of every description,
and fortunes of the first amplitude ;
but virtue and honour, talents and
character, never enter into their con-
sideration. I heard the future bride,

who is about to be married to a man
of quality, remarkable for his pro-
fligate life, make the following re-
ply to a kind of envious observation:
" That the noble lord to whom she
was about to be married, had a tho-
rough knowledge of the world." —
" I understand you perfectly well,"
said she; " you mean to say that

Lord M has been a great rake.

1 know that as well as you ; but if
young women are to wait for hus-
bands till they find such as have not
been rakes, the greater part of them
will wait till doomsday." If this be
true, my dearest mother, till dooms-
day will I wait: for, unless some
demon is empowered to work a mi-
racle on the occasion, a rake will
never be the husband of
Your most dutiful and affectionate
Amelia.

HISTORICAL FACTS RELATIVE TO EUROPEAN MANNERS

AND CUSTOMS.

(Continued from page 29.)

From the earliest ages the fair
sex have made use of false hair.
This was practised among the He-
brews, Persians, Medes, Lycians,
Greeks, and Romans. They even
mixed human hair with that of goats
and other animals, and thus formed
a kind of wigs, nearly resembling
those of modern times. When Han-
nibal went out to reconnoitre his
enemies, in order that he might not
be recognized, he put on wigs of
different colours and sizes. In this
disguise he was not known even by
his most intimate friends. It there-
fore appears, that so early as Han-
nibal's time, wigs were not uncom-
mon in Italy. Among the empe-
rors, Otho the First wore a wig, as
Suetonius attests in his life.

The French, for so manv acres

the arbiters of fashion, wore their
hair long till the reign of Francis
the First. That monarch, being
very proud of his handsome broad
forehead, had his hair cropped, af-
ter the fashion of the Italians and
Swiss, for the purpose of shewing
it the more. He was imitated by
all France till the reign of Louis
XIII. when the ancient custom was
revived, and long hair grew into
such request, that the want of it was
supplied by flowing wigs. This fa-
shion began about the year 1626,
among the courtiers, charlatans, and
dancing-masters; and in 1660, had
gained such ground, that even the
ecclesiastics themselves wore wigs.
In 1670, it had extended over all
Europe.
Among the Romans, thehead-drcss

EUROPEAN MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.

101

of the ladies was " so high, as to re-
semble a building of several stories."
This we are informed by Juvenal,
who observes,

Tot premit ordinibns, tot adhuc compagibus
alt-.im
./Edifkat caput : Andromachcn afrontn videbis,
Post minor est; aliam crcdas

" Iii front you take her for a ma-
jestic Andromache, but behind her
diminutive stature is apparent."

On this side might also be seen the
high hcelsof theirshocs, with which
Ihey endeavoured " to raise them-
selves to the lips of their husbands."

Et levis erecta consuigit ad oscula planta.

In the fourteenth century, during
the reign of Charles VI. the head-
dress of the women in France ex-
ceeded all measure. They wore
horns of uncommon dimensions, and
their hair was dressed so extrava-
gantly as to give their heads a re-
semblance to those of nehrhiiiir
horses. Hence this kind of head-
dress was denominated hennins. Pa-
radin, in his Amuilcs deBourgogne,
relates that a Carmelite monk, nam-
ed Thos. Conecte, preached against
it in the churches. Wherever lie
went the women drew in their horns
like snails ; but no sooner was he
gone, than they raised them again
higher than ever.

Boccaccio, who lived in the first
half of the fourteenth century, de-
scribes the head-dress of a Floren-
tine coquette, in his Labyrinth of
Love, in the following terms : —
" She kept great quantities of the
fat of certain animals, in order to
make ointments, and of herbs, for
the purpose of distillation. The
house was filled with alembics, pots,
bottles, and boxes. There was not.
a hospital in the city, nor a garden-

er in the neighbourhood, but what
was employed by her. One pre-
pared for her sublimate of silver,
another purified verdigris, or col-
lected certain roots. A baker also
had to dry egg-shells for her in his
oven. All these were ingredients
for paints for her face. Oh! if you
did but know with how many dif-
ferent kinds of leys sbe washed her
golden locks! She was the intimate
friend of certain women, whose em-
ployment it was to pull up the hair
from ladies' eyebrows, foreheads,
and necks; and, in order to make
the skin more delu ate, to rub their
cheeks and bosoms with polished
glass. It is impossible to express
what art and pains she bestowed on
her toilet. She seated herself before
one large looking-glass ; and very
often there were two. On one side
stood her maid, on the other were a
great number of bottles, pieces of
polished glass, pomatums, paints,
and other things of the like kind.
After her hair had been combed with
the utmost care, it was twisted to-
gether towards the head, and fast-
ened with a net of fine silk. Over
this were placed the wreaths and
flowers, which bloomed in every sea-
son, to adorn her person. The for-
mer were first put on, and then she
distributed the flowers over all her
head in such a manner, that it appear-
ed variegated like a peacock's tail."
If, at the time when Venice was
the center of European commerce,
the head-dress of the Florentine la-
| dies consisted only of fresh flowers,
! still less could those of France adorn
their hair with gold and jewels.
Gold and silver were then extremely
scarce in France. The dowry of a
tradesman's wife did not exceed two
hundred livres. About the year

162

EtJROPEAN MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.

1301, the queen of Philip the Fair
waS allowed no more than seven hun-
dred livres (under z£30 sterling) for
her pleasures and the maintenance
of her servants. We must not
therefore be surprised, if the female
dress was more distinguished for in-
vention, than for intrinsic value.
France was at that time totally des-
titute of manufactures of silk, sil-
ver, and gold stuffs. The Italians,
by whom they were partly manufac-
tured, and partly brought from the
Levant, began, during the reign of
Louis XII. to introduce them into
France. These articles were, how-
ever, prohibited by Francis I. and
Henry II. who permitted none but
bishops, princes, and princesses, to
wear silks. Henry II. in 1559, was
the first person that wore silk stock-
ings, and that only on extraordinary
occasions.

During the minority, and still
more in the subsequent part of the
reign of Louis XIV. when every
article connected with dress, began
to be manufactured in France, lux-
ury in every thing gained solid
ground in that country. The hen-
nins again made their appcarace un-
der the appellation of fontanges.
The stories of these edifices were
constructed of iron wire, entwined
with ribbons and adorned with curls.
Since that period the changes of the
fashions have been so rapid, that the
existence of most of them is scarcely
any more than ephemeral, and dis-
tinct vocabularies might be com-
posed of their terms, only they
would remain a species of enigma
for posterity.

The inhabitants of France have
formerly enjoyed the glory of being
acknowledged by all Europe, as the
universal arbiters of good taste in

matters of dress and decoration.
They understood the art of giving
to the articles belonging to those de-
partments such fascinating charms,
that, where these are wanting, the
intrinsic value of the thing is inca-
pable of making amends for the de-
ficiency. Colbert, so early as his
time, had observed, that luxury and
the fashions were to France, what
the gold mines of Peru were to Spain.
Till the reign of Charlemagne,
the Germans and Franks retained
their ancient simple style of dress ;
but on occasion of the campaigns
in Italy, his courtiers and officers
brought back the Italian fashions
into their native country. They
wore silk garments, lined with soft
and delicate furs, brought by the
Venetians from the Levant, instead
of the skins of lambs, otters, and
cats, which they had heretofore
been contented with. The prudent
and patriotic emperor was displeas-
ed with this profusion : he issued
several laws against it, which may
be found among his capitularies.
One of these relates to the dear fo-
reign cloths employed in dress. One
day in winter he rode out a hunting
in his sheep-skin, which he fastened
about his neck in such a manner,
that he could turn it to protect him
against every wind and shower.
His courtiers were directed to at-
tend him in the silk garments lined
with fine furs, in which they were
accustomed to appear at court.
Such of them as were not torn in
the thickets, were totally spoiled
by the snow and rain. On their
return, they were hastening home
to change them ; but the emperor
forbade it, and invited them to dry
themselves with him at the fire. By
this, their silk dresses were so shrunk,

ON THE MED1CEAN VENUS.

163

that at night, when the courtiers
took them off, they tore in every
direction. Next morning', he sent
them word to attend him in the same
attire. As they looked more like
beffffars' ra«rs than garments fit to
appear at court in, and no differ-
ence could be perceived in the em-

peror's cloth mantle lined with
sheep-skin, the monarch reproved
them for their folly ; and this lesson
operated with such effect on the
German and Frankish nobility, that
they returned to the use of the cloth
and skins, the produce of their own
country.

ON THE MEDICEAN VENUS.

The question whether the Venus
de Medicis were copied from the
Cnidian Venus of Praxiteles, has
often been discussed by the learned ;
and the affirmative generally pre-
vailed, till Heyne, in his disserta-
tion on the different manners of re-
presenting Venus, and Visconti, in
his disquisition on the two statues
of Venus in the Pio-Clementine
museum, adduced such plausible
arguments on the negative side, as
were generally deemed conclusive.
The old opinion, however, has lately
been revived ; and, in consequence,
Mr. Levezow, professor of antiqui-
ties at the royal academy of the fine
arts and mechanical sciences of Ber-
lin, has undertaken a more minute
investigation of the subject, a sum-
mary of which will probably be
gratifying to many of our readers.

Mr. L. begins with enquiring,
What are the ideas we can form of
the Cnidian Venus from ancient au-
thors ? All that is said by those who
enter into some detail respecting it,
among whom Pliny and Lucian are
particularly to be noticed, may be
reduced to five points. — 1. The
Cnidian Venus, the master-piece of
Praxiteles, was naked, and covered
herself with one of her hands : it is
not said with which. — 2. It was
finished all over with equal perfec-
tion.— 3. All the parts were in ex-

quisite proportion. — 4. Particularly
the hair, forehead, eye-brows, hips,
and thighs. The expression of the
countenance was kindly languish-
ing, but mixed with modesty, which
characterizes Venus. That of a
sweet smile was produced by a slight
opening of the mouth. — 5. Lastly,
this statue was considered as the
most perfect of the works of Praxi-
teles.

How far does the Venus de Me-
dicis agree with these character-
istics ? In the first place, she is
naked, like that of Cnidus, and co-
vers herself with one hand ; but the
other hand is applied to the bosom,
which Lucian does not mention. —
2. The statue is equally finished in
every part. — 3. Ail the parts of the
body are in perfect proportion, ex-
cept the head, which is rather small.
— 5. The expression of the counte-
nance, eyes, and mouth, has nothing
repugnant to the account of the an-
cients.— 5. The Venus de Medicis
occupies the same rank among the
ancient statues now existing, as that
of Cnidus held in ancient times.

To this may be added, that the
Venus de Medicis was no doubt a
work much esteemed by the an-
cients, since it is said that its hair
was gilt, its ears adorned with very
valuable drops, and its arms with
golden bracelets : and that the #od-

1G4

ON THE MEDICEAN VENUS.

dess has by her side a dolphin, car-
rying on its back little loves or ge-
nii, which may be supposed to have
given rise to Ihe epithet of ivn\ol(X.y
" pleasantly sailing," given to the
statue of Praxiteles, as Pausanias
informs us.

Hence Ave might conclude that
this was at least a copy of the statue
of Praxiteles, if not the original it-
self; were there not sufficient rea-
sons to believe, that the Cnidian
Venus differed essentially in form
and attitude from the Medicean.
Hut this is actually the fact ; for
medals of the isle of Cnidus have
been discovered, on which the god-
dess is represented very differently
from the Venus de Medicis.

On these medals the goddess ap-
pears naked, covering herself with
the right hand, and with the other
lifting a garment from a vase by her
side. She holds the garment at a
distance from her body, with her
head inclining to the left ; her hair
is not tied on the top of her head,
as in other representations of Venus :
the legend around has the word
kniaihn j and, on some medals,
this figure is accompanied with one
of Esculapius.

Now it is highly probable that
these medals represent the statue of
Venus by Praxiteles, which was the
chief glory of Cnidus, because the
inscription refers them to that city ;
they agree with the ideas of the
statue given by the ancients ; a si-
milar figure of the goddess appears
on the medals of no other city ;
and, what is a still more striking
circumstance, and almost unique in
the history of medals, there are at
present in existence, at least four
antique statues, which have ex-
actly the form and character of the

goddess represented on the Cnidian
coins.

Almost all these statues are of
larger size than the Medicean Ve-
nus; the body does not incline so
much forward above, and backward
below ; the left foot bends a little
inward indeed, but not so much ;
and the whole figure has a different
carriage. In fact, the Medicean
Venus is a female surprised naked ;
(he other statues have only the ex-
pression natural to a modest female
without her garments, when no one
is by to observe her. Which of
the two is the nobler idea, and more
becoming a statue of a goddess in-
tended to adorn a temple, it is easy
to decide.

A recent critic has asserted, that
for one copy of the Venus on the
medals, there are twenty of the Me-
dicean ; and that the latter only is
equally adapted to be viewed on all
sides, as the others are only calcu-
lated to be placed in a niche, and
seen in front : but the fact is, that
there is only one antique statue ex-
isting, that of Dresden, which can
be deemed a copy from the Medi-
cean Venus, or its original. And
the inferior execution of the four
resembling the Cnidian medal, only
serves to shew that they were copies
by artists of moderate abilites, and
perhaps in an unfinished state ;
while the Medicean Venus is pro-
bably an original . It may be urged,
too, that, though the original was
so highly wrought as to be beheld
with admiration from every side,
the copies may have been intended
to be placed in niches, so that the
back parts did not require the same
care in the workmanship.

From all ihese considerations, we
can scarcely avoid concluding, that

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

165

the Venus-de Medicis is an original
work ; and that the statue in the
Villa Ludovisi, that in the Villa

Borghese, and the two in the Pio-
Clementine collection, are copies of
the celebrated Venus of Praxiteles.

Illllnbll irrr— 1

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

zinc, called by the French potin

The French journals having at
length reached this country, we shall
present our. readers with an abstract
of the annual reports of the labours
of the different classes of the French
National Institute. We begin with
Ginguene's report of those of the
class of Ancient History and Lite-
ral ure.

Mr. Mongez, deeming nothing in
the history of the ancients altogether
unimportant, and persuaded, that
the precise sense of words, appa-
rently of little consequence, is fre-
quently connected with the history
of their arts or customs, has paid
particular attention tothe term crcta,
which he finds to have been used in
three different significations bysome
of the best writers: it is most com-
monly equivalent to our clay9 fre-
quently to marl; and sometimes,
though seldom, to clialk. The mar-
ga of the Latins meant our marl,
and their argilla, our clay.

gris, or simply potin.

A third paper by Mr. Mongez is
on an ancient tomb, discovered un-
der-ground in a churchyard at Ly-
ons, in 1778, buried again during
the troubles of the revolution, and
lately uncovered afresh. The epi-
taph begins, Memoriae ceiernce Ex-
omni Paterniani quondam centuri-
onis /cgionarii, fyc. The uncom-
mon epithet legionarius Mr. M.
supposes to have been added, to
shew, that Exomnius Paternianus
was an officer in one of the Roman
legions, and not of the auxiliaries.
There is another particularity in
this tomb. The inscription is on a
tablet ; arid at each end of this ta-
blet is an appendage, containing tsvo
proper names in Greek characters,
with the Greek word of salutation
at meeting on one, and that used at
parting on the other. A similar par-
ticularity occurs on other tomb-

The same gentleman has analyzed j stones found at Lyons. Mr. Mon-

part of the handle of a spoon, found
among various articles of a similar
metaj, supposed to have been used
by the Roman soldiers. Finding it
to consist of tin, alloyed with be-
tween a third and a fourth of lead,
lie proceeds to examine a passage in
Pliny, lib. xxxiv. c. 17, where it
is said, that the Romans alloyed
their tin, siarmum, byaddingathird
ot its weight of oat candidum, which
made plumbum album. Mr. Mon-
gez considers this ess candidum as
the mixture of copper, lead, tin, and
Ao. IX. Vo>. II,

gez conjectures, that some of the
Asiatic Greeks, who first established
Christianity at Lyons, had made use
of these tombs for the interment of
their dead, and added the Grecjk in-
scriptions without defacing the La-
tin, these containing nothing repug-
nant to their own religion.

Mr. Petit-Radel, who has form-
ed a theory of his own, from the
examination of various remains of
ancient walls [see the supplement
to our last volume, page 452, J hues
himself at variance wuh, the J,eani-

166

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

ed Freret, respecting the foundation i
of Argos. Freret ascribes this to
an Egyptian colony, led by Phoro-
neus, son of Inachus; and sup-
poses the Greeks to have derived
from tlic Egyptians, the firstelements
of the arts of social life. Mr. P. R.
thinks, on the contrary, that the co-
lony of panaus, which Freret makes
the third, was the first that came
from Egypt into Europe ; and that
the Greeks had arts of their own, be-
fore they knew any tiling of the
Egyptians. Having pointed out
many contradictions, into which
Freret, and, copying him, the author
of Anacharsis, have fallen, and de-
fended the veracity of Dionysius of
Ilallicarnassus, he concludes, that
Inachus, the founder of Argos, was
a Greek. The general deduction
of Mr. P. R. from all his enquiries,
is, that our historical hemisphere
may be divided into two zones of
antiquities, very different from each
other. One of these, which he terms
Cyclopean, is formed according to
the system of arts in Europe, and
and consists of vast blocks of stone,
cut into regular polygons, and uni-
ted without cement, merely from the
nice fitting of their joints : the other,
the Asiatic, is formed of stones cut
in rectangular parallelograms. —
Throughout Italy and Greece,
wherever the two have been found
on one another, the Cyclopean struc-
ture always constitutes the base.

Mr. Toulongeon has written a dis-
sertation on the amphitheatres of the
Romans, chiefly with a view to their
moral effects, and omitting what has
been repeatedly said of them. The
place called spoliarium, where those
gladiators, of whose recovery there
v>;is little hope, were dispatched in
cold blood ; the ferocity of the Ro-

mans; and their degradation, when
young men of noble families fought
in public for the amusement of the
emperors, chiefly engage his atten-
tion.— He also made a report of an
edition of Ca?sar's Commentaries,
which he is publishing previous to
his new translation of this work.

Mr. Silvestre de Sacy had been
appointed by the class, to examine
the archives of Genoa, in which a
great number of important Oriental
MSS. were said to be preserved ; but
his expectations were greatly dis-
appointed. He found only a He-
brew Bible, with a commentary in
the same language ; part of one in a
roll written for the use of some sy-
nagogue ; two treaties in Arabic,
with the Arabian sovereigns of the
Balearic islands about the end of
the 12th century ; a treaty in the Ar-
menian language ; and a Turkish
passport. There were several trea-
ties, however, in more or less bar-
barous Latin, which threw some
lia-ht on the settlements of the Ge-
noese along the shores of the Black
Sea, and on the coasts and islands
of the Mediterranean. Mr. de S.
likewise examined several other col-
lections, particularly the archives
of the bank of St. George.

Mr. Barbie du Bocage read an
abstract from an account of an hy-
drographic atlas in the library of
the duke of lienevento, drawn in
the 16th century. Mr. B. asserts,
that the coasts of New Holland are
laid down in it, and that they were
discovered by the Portuguese be-
fore the English or Dutch had any
knowledge of them ; though the
discovery was lost to the Portuguese
by the treachery of Don Michael de
Sylva, bishop of Viseu, a favourite
I of the king, who left Portugal in

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

16".

the year 1542, carrying with him
into France some papers of import-
ance, with which he had been en-
trusted by his master-

Mr. Pougens, having directed
his studies chiefly to the antiquities
of the North, lias met. with a god-
dess but little known, named Ncha-
lemiia, who was worshipped, parti-
cularly in Zealand, in the second
century of our era. He considers
her as a local goddess, that presided
particularly over the public mar-
kets and maritime trade.

Mr. Brial has, enquired into an
assembly held at Chartres, styled by
some a general parliament, and
dated by eminent chronologers in
1146. He finds, that it was not
held till 1150, and that its object
was different from those of Bourges,
Vezelay, and Etampes, held in 1146
and 1147; these being employed
solely on preparations for a croisade,
while that of Chartres discussed not
merely the question of affording,
succour to the Christians in the
Holy Land, but that of avenging
the disasters experienced in their
march by the army of croisaders,
in consequence of the treacherous
policy of the Greek emperors. It was
in this assembly, and not in 1146,
that St. Bernard was chosen as leader
of a new croisade, the expences of
which were to be defrayed by the
clergy ; both the king and nobles,
who were but lately returned from
a former expedition, being too much
impoverished, both in men and mo-
ney, to attempt another. This pro-
ject was abandoned almost as soon
as conceived, probably because the
clergy in those days were too fond
of the good things of this world, io
follow the advice they gave the
laity.

Mr. Mcntelle, having traced the
rise and decline of the house of
Austria from the time of Adolphus
of Hapsburg, to the treaty of Aus*
terlitz, estimates the Austrian do-
minions, at the latter period, as
including 10,738 German square
miles, or 29,842 French leagues ;
their population at 22,004,800, and
their annual revenue at 103 or 104
millions of florins, or somewhat
more than twelve millions sterling.

Mr. Uupont de Nemours has been
employed on a history of the finan-
ces of England, of which he read a
few chapters to the Institute. His
enquiries have led him to give a de-
cided preference to a revenue from
the net income of land above all the
modes of taxation.

Mr. Dupont has been engaged in
another discussion. The class has
been required to lay before govern-
ment, designs for medals, to per-
petuate the memory of the great
events of the present day. Mr. D.
is of opinion, that in this we should
imitate the ancients, by adopting
the spirit of their practice, not by
servilely copying them. Thus he
would haye modern medals faith-
ful representations of the dress, wea-
pons, implements, and edifices, of
the nations they are intended to
commemorate, and the inscriptions
in their vernacular language. Thus
the medal would bear the stamp of
the nation to which it belonged,
and the time in which it was struck ;
and, to remote posterity, it would
be valuable, as exhibiting a faith-
ful representation of things forgot-
ten from disuse, or the form of
which had been totally changed by
fashion.

In a second paper, he applies this
Z2

168

SEVENTH LETTER FROM ITALY'.

theory to some of the subjects pro-
posed .

The class not agreeing in opinion
on this subject with Mr. Depont,
Mr. Quatremere de Quiney lias writ-
ten a long paper in defence of em-
ploying the ancient costume, and

the figurative or allegorical style,
— Several other papers have been
read, which Mr. Gingucne barely
mentions, as being parts of investi-
gations not yet completed, or works
intended for separate publication*

LETTERS FROM ITALY.

LETTER VII.

Naples, May — , 1S02.
A thunder storm, dear T. has
deprived me of my evening's ride ;
how then could I fill up the vacant
hour better than by continuing,
for your perusal, the chronicle of
my Neapolitan adventures ? i)'.\d yet
how is it possible to write any thing
coherent, surrounded and annoyed
as I am by myriads of disgusting
beings, performing all the evolutions
of tactics on the floor, the wails, and
across the ceiling right over my
head ? I really believe the beetles
of all your bakers' shops within the
bills of mortality would scarcely be
sufficient to form theadvancedguard
of their Neapolitan brethren under
this single roof, not to mention the
difference of species in favour of the
former. A British beetle is a stout,
compact, hard, black, and comely
insect; whereas tiiese Parthenopian
animals are double the size, soft in
substance, of a deadly white and
brown, bursting at the touch ; in
short, monstrum hprrendum et in-
gens cui lumen ademptum. Their
principal haunt is in the painted
paper which hides the timber of the
ceiling, whence they sally in all di-
rections as soon as night sets in ;
some groping by circuitous routes ,
others, by a bold effort, at once
precipitating themselves on my ta-

ble, nay, on my camp-bed (without
curtains) while I am asleep, or ra-
ther attempting to sleep. Of this
nuisance I complained bitterly to
Don Michele the other day. His an-
swer was as follows: "The antipathy,
my dear Signor Don Luigi, which
you entertain against these innocent
animals, makes me suspect that they
are unknown in your country, al-
though, strictly reasoning, such a
conclusion does not absolutely fol-
low. But be that as it may, I can
assure you, not only that they are
perfectly harmless, but that in this
country we behold them with satis-
faction ; in as much as they afford
convincing proof of the health of the
house they visit. They are never
to be met with in any habitation
where there is a consumptive person,
a contagious fever, or a dead body.
Yon may, therefore, make yourself
! perfectly easy on their account.
However, if you seriously wish to
be rid of them, nothing is easier ; for
a ducat the priest will exorcise them
for you, and you won't see one of
them the day after."

" Are you serious, Don Michele ?"
" Serious, ah ! I have seen it done,
and }rou may see it yourself, if you
chuse; although I doubt whether,
if you saw it, you would believe it."

Is it possible, I hear you exclaim,

SEVEXTII LETTER FROM ITALY.

169

thai Reason, that sublime gift of our
omnipotent Creator, which enabled
man to dive into the innermost se-
crets of nature, to discover the laws
and mechanism of the heavens,
which was conferred on him for no
Other end than to secure him from er-
ror— is it possible that so heavenly a
blessing should be so wantonly per-
verted, and trodden under foot, by
rank superstition ? The truth of
this, my dear T. is as evident, from
the experience of all ages and coun-
tries, as it is humiliating and la-
mentable ; but to lay the fault at
the door of the Roman Catholic
religion, however conformable to
the fashionable practice, would be-
tray weakness. The pen of our
greatest philosopher has been pol-
luted by childish speculations ; the
Shaman of Tartary, the Chinese
Bonze, and Indian .Brahmin, are
equally zealous in the cause of su-
perstition.

For the trifling consideration of
three and sixpence, 1 might have
enjoyed the exhibition of the Sca-
rabaean farce in my chambers ; but
to make a source of merriment of
any transaction where religion is,
however preposterously, intermix-
ed, cannot be the wish of a man of
sense ; 1 therefore declined Don
Michele's proposal, under the pre-
text, that I could not think of rid-
ding myself of an evil, by entailing
it probably on my next-door neigh-
bour : and thus dropped this very
edifying conversation.

Majoiu caaamus !

About a month ago, I espied,
while shaving at the window, an
ass, loaded with two large deini-
jeans*, stopping at my door. The

* A glass bottie, holding from six to
twelve gallons, in which the Italians keep

driver delivered me a letter from
Don Giacomo, at Pozzuoli ; in
which, after many extravagant
protestations of respect and attach-
ment, he stated, that having ob-
served the great liking I took to the
wine of Pozzuoli when I honoured
him with the last visit, he herewith
sent me a small quantity of the best
that could be procured, and begged
my acceptance of it ; that he was
sure, if for every spoonful of mix-
ture i would take a glass of this
wine, I should soon be in no want
of physicians and apothecaries. —
He likewise begged I would recol-
lect, tiiat some of the Pozzuolian
antiquities were yet to be visited by
me, and expressed a hope on his
part, as well as that of his sister,
Donna Giuliana, that such an at-
traction would soon afford them the
pleasure of seeing me among them.

Believe me, dear T. it was not
easy to find expressions for the
sensations excited by this unex-
pected act of kindness from an utter
stranger. Yet, the short answer
which I sent back at the moment
my heart was overflowing, proved
perhaps more to the purpose, and,
at all events, more sincere than a
studied epistle, written with more
leisure, would probably have turned
out. I promised, moreover, to
thank this good man personally in
a few days.

The custom of obliging your
friends by trifling presents, which
is general in Turkey and the East,
and which, even in this part of the
world, is more frequently observed

their wine. A little oil is poured on the
top of the wine, and a cotton stopper

added, to preserve it for any length of
time.

170

SEVENTH LETTER FI10M ITALY.

than in our northern hemisphere,
where our aclions are too much
guided by cold calculation, is cer-
tainly very commendable. A gift,
if of ever so little value, serves to
commence or cement friendships :
even a flower, or an orange, pre-
sented with a good grace, and a
friendly intent, is more expressive
of the donor's esteem and good
will, than all the protestations in
the world, convej^ed by mere
words.

The sight of the lovely Juliana's
name, I will be sincere to own,
added not a little to the elevation
of my spirits. A second jaunt to
Pozzuoli, upon a more enlarged
scale than the former, was immedi-
ately planned in all i<s details; and
not to arrive, on my part, with
empty hands, my telescope, with
my only good two razors, were des-
tined for Don Giacomo, and a gown
of sprigged muslin, of British ma-
nufacture, was forthwith purchased'
in the city for my heroine.

Thus equipped, I set out, in a
single horse-chaise, at an early
hour. A copious dew sparkled on
every leaf in the fertile pionura,
the fresh morning air was perfumed
with a compound of fragrant odours,
and the nightingales seemed to vie
in skill with the minor ditties of the
male and female peasantry I met
flocking towards the town. Before
J was aware of it, I passed through
the stately gate of Pozzuoli, halted
at the house of my friend, with a
few strides hurried up the massy
staircase, and, on entering the
room, surprised the lovely Giuliana

in a co7ifidenlial tctc-a-tcte

with father Anselmo ! ! !

Fancy to yourself our worthy So-
lomon standing before a Hanover-

square audience, just read}' to begin
one of his finest concertos ; the si<r-
nificant rap has already sounded
against the tin candle-screen, the
silent bow is moved across the
strings up to its hilt, in order to give
increased energy to the first stroke ;
all is car, you might hear a fly
sneeze ; and, at this moment of ex-
pectation, the tail-piece of the vir-
tuoso's violin gives way, and all the
fifths fly with a tremendous crash
into their former chaos !

Thus was the fair-tempered har-
mony of my soul, at one instant,
unstrung into discords ; my checked
breath had scarcely power suffici-
ent to utter, with a bitter smile,
" I beg pardon for this very unsea-
sonable intrusion," when I felt the
priest's dead weight clinging round
my neck, and embalming my
cheeks and lips with a set of oscu-
lations which were absolutely in an
inverse ratio with the fragrant ex«*
halations I had just inhaled in the
delightful pianura. I was all sta-
tue, so he had ample scope for his
fulsome congratulations on my ar-
rival.

When these emotions of the first
moment had given w ay to sober re-
flection, I began to feel that I had
made a fool of myself ; and I tried,
by an assumed look of cheerfulness,
to correct the flaw in my past con-
duct. But now the tables were
turned upon me. Donna Giuliana,
who before had hailed my arrival,
appeared obviously struck and of-
fended at my rudeness. She said
little or nothing ; and father An-
selm, whether in consequence of a
side wink, or from an impulse of
policy or good-nature, prepared for
I his departure, observing, that he
I had to attend a sick person, after

SEVENTH LETTER FROM ITALY

171

which he would again wait upon
me. ( Exit Anselmo ; three quar-
ters of a minute's uncomfortable
silence.)

" You seemed agitated when you
first came in, Signor D. Luigi, had
you met with any accident on the
road ?"

Knowing, from experience, that
in perplexed situations like mine,
and above all, w hen placed before
a judge of such acute penetration,
it is nine times out often preferable
to confess the truth, than to disguise
it by inventions, which, under such
astute of mind, generally turn out
extremely silly, and only serve to
entangle and expose you the more.
I candidly confessed that my sur-
prise and disappointment had pro-
ceeded from seeing her closeted with
the holy father ; and if I am not
mistaken, the fair Juliet, like the
rest of her sex, appeared not dis-
pleased at the idea of having ex-
cited jealousy.

" Perhaps you do not know that
father Anselmo is our confessor."

" I know that so fair a form cannot
be inhabited by a soul that is capa-
ble of any thing which requires a
confessor."

" If I were the great beauty you
would have me vain enough to be-
lieve, I should the more stand in
need of spiritual guidance, to se-
cure me against worldly temptation.
But tell me, are the Indies of your
country not permitted to converse
with the guardians of their consci-
ence ?"

" Their religion denies them that
comfort; they never confess at all."

" How do they get rid of their
sins then ?"

U God in heaven knows! They
commit as few as they can help :

and as to those they cannot, why
they bear them with that fortitude
and courage which you admired
the other day in the warriors of our
nation."

" Je&u Maria i che eresiaV
This turn our conversation had
taken operated as a most season-
able relief to my embarrassment;
and Donna Giuliaua, who seem-
ed to be satisfied with the mild
chastisement she had justly inflicted
on me, gave full scope to the bril-
liant sallies of a most lively wit. It
was some time before I missed her
brother; and, to my shame be it
said, I wras not displeased to learn
that he happened to be on a little
excursion, to collect some rents,
which would prevent his coming
home to dinner, and I most readily
accepted the invitation to supply
her brother's place at table. The
next thing to be done was to deliver
my present, and however awk-
wardly I executed this task, the
gown was graciously and gracefully
received : her wish, at least, that
it might last as long as I should be
remembered by her, was not a little
flattering to your humble servant ;
it encouraged me to express a hope
that she would not be averse to ac-
company me to town in the affer-
noon, to see the opera, pass the
night in Don Michele's family, and
the next morning return under my
protection to Pozzuoli. To this re-
quest, however, the lovely Julia
only assented conditionally ; that
is, if her brother ret uraed in time,
without whose consent she did not
wish to go, nor indeed could leave
the house.

Father Anselm now made his ap->
pearancc, and without mercy hur-
ried me away to see the place of the

172

SEVENTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

decapitation of St. Januarius; a pil-
grimage to which^ as in a former
letter I have informed you, I had
pledged my word. That spot,
however , I succeeded to prevail on
him to visit last, as the most valua-
ble of the curiosities I was to be-
hold ; and so we set out to see the
town and its antiquities first.

Pozzuoli isa corruption ofPu-
teoli, the ancient name of this town,
which it acquired either from the
variety of mineral springs in or
about it, or from a number of small
wells, which were sunk by Quintus
Fabius, who, in the second Punic
war, had been sent with a strong
corps to Puteoli, lest Hannibal, in
his march to the south of Italy,
might surprise the town. Fabius.
fearing to have the water cut ofi
from the place, is said to have had
those wells dug by his soldiers.
The extent and importance of Poz-
zuoli are attested by almost every
historian of antiquity : it carried
on a direct trade with Spain, Africa,
and the Levant ; it had its own se-
nate, two large theatres, a number
of magnificent temples, several su-
perb aqueducts, and was surrounded
by innumerable villas belonging to
Roman senators, in one of which
Sylla died of the pedicularian dis-
ease. Its present site, like that of
Alexandria, occupies but an insig-
nificant part of the ground on which
Puteoli stood ; and the theatres, to-
gether with several temples, are, now
at a considerable distance from the
town. By a rare and valuable re-
lic of antiquity, we are enabled to
judge not only of the former size of
Puteoli, but even to form a correct
idea of its figure and appearance.
Among the ancient Jlerculanean
paintings in the Royal Museum at

Porlici, one represents obviously the
town of Puteoli. Although in point
of design and execution this picture
is below mediocrity, tlic perspec-
tive wretched, the houses heaped
above each other, much in the man-
ner of Chinese drawings ; yet, as it
affords the means of comparing the
present condition of the town with
what it was two thousand years
ago, it becomes highly interesting
in an antiquarian point of view. A
similar representation of Rome and
Athens would be inestimable to the
classic scholar.

The reduced state of the modern
Pozzuoli is to be attributed to the
frequent earthquakes which it has
suffered, as well as to the ravages it
sustained from the Carthaginians,
Goths, Lombards, and Saracens.
The latter, after they ceased to be
masters of the country, were pretty
numerous in this town, and were
permitted to exercise divine worship
according to their religious tenets,
until (hey were finally expelled by
Charles of Anjou. Several Saracen
| epitaphs in Arabic characters have
been found in Pozzuoli, and trans-
lated by Montfaucon ; a specimen
of one of which 1 conceive may be
a curiosity to you. It is in English
nearly as follows : — In the name of
all-merciful God. May the Lord
be gracious unto Mohammed, his
prophet, and unto his race; may
he bless them I JJeaih overt akcth all
■men, but on the day of resurrection
only they shall meet their reward ;
for God hath prepared their egress
out of the fire, that they might en-
ter Paradise. Yet man trembles!
as if to go out of this world were
ought but to enter the possession of
everlasting happiness. This is the
tomb of Bazainub, the son of Ab-

SEVENTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

17;

dalmaled, who departed this life on
the 21st day of the month Shaban,
in the year 576*, having confessed,
that there is no God, bat God the
Almighty.

But to return to our antiquarian
ramble. The first object which my
spiritual cicerone thought proper to
conduct me to, was the temple of
Jupiter, now the cathedral church
of Pozzuoli, situated in the center,
and on the most elevated part of the
town. The whole or this superb
edifice, walls as well as columns, is
of the most beautiful white marble ;
and such is the solidity of its struc-
ture, that the same marble blocks
form the walls of the inside as well
as outside ; but the latter is as much
concealed by the surrounding build-
ings, as the noble simplicity of the
former is disfigured by various or-
naments of a modern date. The
architect of this sublime edifice was
Coccejus, and its founder Calphur-
nius, who caused it to be built in
honour offhe emperor Augustus, as
may be seen from the following in-
scription on the frontispiece :

CALPHURNIUS. L. F.

TEMFLUM. AUGUSTO. CUM. ORNAMENTIS.

D. D.

The high state of preservation of
this temple, is, like that of many
others in Italy, to be solely attri-
buted to the fortunate circumstance
of its having been converted into
a church in the very infancy of
Christianity. The ecclesiastical an-
nals of Pozzuoli record an uninter-
rupted series of bishops from Patro-
bas, a cotemporary of St. Paul (who
mentions him in the sixteenth chap-
ter of his epistle to (he Romans),

* Of the Hegira, answering to the
28th December, 1181 after Christ.
No. IX. Vol II.

to the present day. That apostle
likewise bears testimony of the faith
and hospitality of this town in the
28th chapter of the Acts, v. IS.
where he says, " And from thence
(Syracuse) we fetched a compass,
and came to Rhegium ; and : fier
one day the south wind blew, and
we came next day to Puteoli,where
we found brethren, and . ere \ tired
to tarry with them seven days, uwd
so went towards Rome."

From hence we proceeded to view
the antiquities which no longer lie
within the walls of Pozzuoli, but
are situated on the hill behind the
town. On crossing the square, 1
observed a marble pedestal, en-
riched with a variety of figures in
alto-relievo ; but so much defaced,
as not to admit of even a guess at
its former destination, except that,
from its shape and size, it appeared
to have once supported an eques-
trian statue. We again passed by
the majestic columns of the temple
of Serapis, described in a former
letter; and, in our progress up the
hill, through several well culti-
vated farms, abounding with ruins
of minor interest, arrived at the
temple of Diana. Of this structure,
the shell only, which is of brick-
work, remains at present. The
figure is an oblong, rounded off at
one extremity. Some of the arches
in the walls are still perfect, and of
a bold construction ; but the inte-
rior space of the temple is now cul-
tivated. Another set of ruins near
to these, was shewn, under the name
of the temple of Neptune; a de-
scription of which, my dear T.
would probably prove as uninte-
resting to you as the sight of it ap-
peared to me.

The Coliseum, or great theatre of
Aa

174

6UHI0TJS PARTICULARS OF THE COMMON HOUSE-FLY.

Pozzuoli, stands at an inconsiderable
distance from tlie temple of Diana,
in the midst of a farm; formerly il
was situated in the center of the
town. Its exterior walls are of re-
ticulated masonry, and appear to
be greatly sunk in the ground ; and
the arena, which I should judge to
be about SO paces in length, and
somewhat less in breadth, is, like the
i pic of Diana, converted into a
field. The interior is in too ruinous
a state to exhibit the usual grada-
tions of seals. — " Here it was," ex-
claimed father Anselrh, " that our
holy protector, St. Januarius, to-
gether with Proculus, Festus, De-
siderius, and many other godly
martyrs, were exposed to the fury
of savage beasts, by the persecut-
ing mandate of the heathen empe-
ror, Diocletian, himself more fero-
cious than the lions and timers he
employed for that diabolical pur-
pose. But instead of devouring1
the saint and Itis companions, those
very beasts prostrated themselves at

his feet, and with their tongues
fawniugly licked the hands of the
holy bishop ; while Timotheus, the
praefect and minister of the empe-
ror's cruelty, was punished with the
loss of his sight, which he only re-
covered through the efficacy of St.
Januarius's prayers : and notwith-
standing this christian act of gene-
rosity, still the heads of the holy
martyr and his friends at last fell by
a pagan axe. Here," pointing to
one of the arches of the amphi-
theatre, " he was confined previous
to the execution of the infamous
sentence ! But the decrees of Hea-
ven were not to be thwarted by the
vain efforts of heathen executioners.
The superstition of paganism has
vanished from tlie face of Europe,
and the mild tenets of our Redeemer
have, without any other aid than
that of their divine truth, spread
themselves over every part of the
globe."

(T» be continued in our next.)

CURIOUS PARTICULARS OF

IN A LETTER

When I found you last summer
so hotly engaged with the flies, and
making as much havoc among those
poor insects as the ruler of the
French among his fellow-creatures,
I was going more than once to ob-
serve to you, that all these animals,
whose rapid flight so often secures
them from your persecutions, once
crawled in the form of worms at
your i'cet, the tread of one of which
would be sufficient to dispatch my-
riads of them to buz in Elysium.
Knowing, however, the spirit of
conlr Ion natural to your sex,

THE COMMON HOUSE-FLY.
TO A LADY.

I refrained, and have since furnish-
ed myself with proofs borrowed
from various naturalists ; so that,
by degrees, the few observations
which I intended to make, have
swelled out into a biography of the
house-fly.

Gordart has reckoned up forty-
eight varieties of the fly, without
including them all in this enume-
ration. The multitude of these
lively insects, which the first ge-
nial sun-shine calls forth into life,
has limits which the human eye is
incapable of exploring. The female

CURIOUS PARTICULARS OF THE COMMON HOUSE-FLY.

175

fly is easily distinguishable from
the male : she is larger than the
latter, fuller in the body, of a
lighter colour ; and when she is
nearly ready to lay, the abdomen
is so transparent, that the eggs ly-
ing on either side opposite to each
other, may be perceived. Nature
lias instructed her not to deposit her
eggs in dry, but in damp substan-
ces, which -keep them from being
dried up, and, at the same time,
afford nourishment to the maggot or
worm. The latter issues from the
egg generally in twenty-four hours,
but, in the sun, within twelve hours,
after it is laid. About half an hour
before, annular circles become visi-
ble in the egg, an undulatory mo-
tion succeeds, the egg opens at the
end, and the worm makes its ap-
pearance. Its entrance into the
world is extremely tedious ; for the
three or four minutes taken by the
worm to work its way out of the
egg, are for it certainly so many
days. It is endowed, on the other
hand, with vital powers, which
enable it to defy inconveniences
which cost other animals their lives.
Nothing but turpentine, the general
destroyer of insects, kills it in half
an hour. On the fourteenth or fif-
teenth day, it begins to prepare for
its transformation into a nymph,
and in this form appears at first of
a light yellow, and afterwards of a
dark red. You would take it, in
this state, for some kind of seed,
rather than for the habitation of a
living creature. The change of the
nymph into a fly requires as much
time as the preceding tranforma-
tion. A thrust with the head then
bursts the prison in which it is con-
fined, and the fly, perfectly formed,

sallies forth. The sun hastens its
birih, which is then the business of
but a moment ; but in unfavourable
weather, this probably painful ope-
ration often takes four or five hours.
The insect is now as perfect as its
parents, and not to be distinguished
from them. As soon as it issues
from the nymph, it flies away ;
and only those are unable to use
their wings immediately, which
have the misfortune to come out
in gloomy weather.

Leuwcnhock reckons, that every
fly has eight thousand hexagons or
eyes on each of the hemispheres
composing its face, and, conse-
quently, sixteen thousand on both.
But you have so often observed flies
with the miscroscope, that I have no
occasion to analyze their structure
for you : I shall therefore only call
your attention to the instruments
situated under their wings, and with
which they make such a buzzing
when they fly. Swammerdam com-
pares the membranous substance of
which they are composed in bees,
to tinsel, and Reaumur thai of flies
to Muscovy glass. M. von Gleichen ,
a German naturalist, denominates
them sound-bladders. He likewise
observes, that the law of retaliation
is in some measure established in
regard to these animals ; for if they
annoy us, they are in their turn
persecuted by others. Small yel-
low insects, discovered by means
of the magnifying glass, crawling
among the hairs that grow on their
i odies, are supposed to be destined
for this purpo e.

The fecundity of flies is prodi-
gious. On this iiead, the last men-
tinned naturalist has made the fol-
lowing calculation : —
A a 2

176

ENQUIRY UESPECrrXG SAGE.

A fly lays four times during the sum-
mer, each time 30 eggs, which
makes

Half of these are supposed to he fe-
males, so that each of the four
hrooils produces 40.

1. First eighth, or the 40 females of
the first brood, also lay four times in
the course cf the summer, which
makes

The first eighth of these, or l,6oo fe-
males, three times

The second eighth, twice ....

The third and fourth eighth, at least
once each

2. The second eighth, or the 40 fe-
males of the second brood, lay three
times, the produce of which is

One-sixth of these, or 1,600 females,

three times

The second sixth, twice ....
The third sixth, once

3. The third eighth, or the 40 females
of the third brood, lay twice, and
produce .

320

12,800

3S4,0u't
256,000

One-fourth of these, or 1,600 females,

lay twice mora 356,009

4. The fourth eighth, or 40 females

of the fourth brood, once . . . 3,200

Ha'f of these, or l,6oo females, at

least once 128,000

Tola! produce of a single fly in one

summer 2,208,429

236,000

9,<5oo

38 1,000
256,000
128,000

6,400

I already see you in idea shaking
your head; but recollect that, in
a single pregnant fly, dissected by
Reaumur, he found 20,000 eggs;
and, thank heaven, that it has not
bestowed this fecundity, which, in
spite of all the havoc made by spi-
ders, birds, and men, is still suffi-
ciently formidable, to a thousand
animals which possess infinitely su-
perior powers of annoyance.
I am, &c.

pr~, ™^. '*?r-F' *ij^!.a

ENQUIRY RESPECTING THE EXPORTATION OF SAGE

TO CHINA.

TO THE

Sir,

In turning over the other day
a volume of Valmont de Bomare's
Dictionnaire (T Jlistoire Naturelle,
1 met with a passage, which ap-
peared to me sufficiently interesting
to excite a wish to obtain farther in-
formation on the subject. It is as
follows : —

" The Chinese are so fond of sage,
that they are astonished that the
Europeans should come to their
country to purchase tea, while they
have at home a plant so excellent,
and truly preferable to the other.
For this reason the Dutch industri-
ously buy up at a high price, nearly
the whole of the sage that grows on
the coasts of Provence, and carry
it to China, where they sell it at a
very dear rale both to the Chinese

EDITOR.

and Japanese. It is said, that in,
exchange for one chest of sage, they
obtain from them two, and often
three chests of green tea."

A number of questions naturalljr
arise from the perusal of this state-
ment ; such as these — Is it correct?
If so, do the Chinese still retain
their predilection for sage ? Have
our countrymen ever availed them-
selves of this partiality ? &c. &c. —
If any of your intelligent corre-
spondents can favour me with an-
swers to these, and any farther par-
ticulars relative to this subject,
through the medium of your Rcpo*
sitorj/, they will confer an obliga-
tion on

Your's, &c.

Cultivator.

Guildford, Aug. 16.

177

ANSWER TO THE METHOD OF CALCULATING INTEREST
AT FIVE PER CENT.

Sir,

I observe, in No. 8. vol. ii.
p. 115. of the Repository, there is
ariven what is there called "A short
and ingenious method of calculating
5 per cent, interest for any number
of days ;*' nnd as it is accompanied
with an invitation to any of your
readers to explain the principle on
which it is founded, I beg leave to
offer the following remarks: — In
the first place, the operation is not
So short, nor is the result so ecu-
rate, as by the rule given (I believe)
in most books on arithmetic ; which
is, to multiply the principal by the
number of days, and divide the
product by 7300, the quotient being
the interest accurately ; and is
founded upon this obvious princi-
ple, <hat as the interest of any sum
for one year, at 5 per cent, is evi-
dently that sum divided by 20, so
the interest for any number of days
will be the interest for one year,
multiplied by a fraction, which has
for its denominator the number of
days in a year (365), and for its
numerator the number of days re-
quired : or let p denote the princi-
pal, n the number of days for which

the interest is required, and i the
interest ; then will £ = interest for
one year, and 1L x ^ or _^0 = inte-
rest for n days, as above. Now, by
the rule given in the Repository ,
pn is in effect divided by 7299.27,
j instead of 7300, and therefore gives
the interest something more than it
should. That this is actually the
case, may be shewn by putting the
rule in the form of an algebraic equa-
tion, which will be expressed by

pn -f

-f- pn i pn

30 ' 300

then pn + % + v_n + g. = 10000 u
& Spn + pn+P£ + ^=30000 i.
& 30pn+10pn+pn +^=300000 t.

& 300^« -f 100 pn + lOpn -J- pn=3000000 J«

or 411 pn = 3000000?.
& **}£! = L

^ 3000000 '

& PI- = i.

V 72V9TT7 '

I am, Sir,

Your constant reader,
B. FI.

Milman-street, Aug. 2, I8O9.

*The first side of the equation is divided
by 10000, because four places of decimals
are directed to be cut off, which is the
same thing as dividing by 10000.

TO THE EDITOR OF

Sir,

Your journal professing to be
open to whatever is interesting in
literature and the useful arts, I flat-
ter myself you will permit the fol-
lowing question to be laid before
your readers, who are herewith in-
vited to answer it, in the common
method by arithmetic; or, if they
prefer it, by algebra: namely,

Meeting yesterday a lady, in the
afternoon, I asked her what o'clock
it was ; — the lady, who appears to

THE REPOSITORY, &c.

be tolerably well skilled in arithme-
tic, answered as follows: | of the
time past noon, sir, is equal to -f of
the time till midnight.

Being myself not able to calculate
the hour, nor any of my friends, I
hope to be favoured with the exact
time, in the next journal, by some
of your friends.

Your constant reader,

J.H.

Cambridge, Aug. 1, I8O9.

ITS

ON THE CULTIVATION OF THE MIND.

The highest and noblest employ -
jncnt of mankind consists in the
exertion of reason, and the purest
and most permanent gratifications
may be drawn from mental re-
sources. Indeed the gift of mind
constitutes the grand line of differ-
ence, which the Creator has placed
between man and thebrjite species :
and thererefore, in proportion to
the use we make of this exalted fa-
culty, the greater is cur superiority
over the beasts, and, which alone
ought to stimulate to every exertion,
the nearer we approacli to the like-
ness of the Deity.

The

disgraceful and common

vice of idleness, which is always
accompanied by that fashionable
complaint called " ennui," almost
invariably denotes a mind either
entirely uncultivated, or filled with
superficial, and consequently use-
less ideas. That man indeed is
greatly to be pitied, who, in his
hours of leisure, when he has no-
thing to excite bodily activity, looks
in vain into himself for resources to
pass the time pleasantly, and is dri-
ven, either to seek forgetfulness in
sleep, to sit in listless apathy, or to
fly to the buttle, and the boisterous
merriment of the tavern.

A varus is a character that fully
exemplifies the inefficiency of wealth
to procure solid pleasure and real
happiness. lie was early removed
from school by a frugal father, who
thought learning an useless thing,
and that a perfect acquirement of the
first four rules in arithmetic, was the
sole end of education. The son, con-
stantly hearing his father declaim-
ing upon the pleasure of amass-
ing wealth, at an early age imbibed

these sordid notions. He married,
when of age, a woman notorious for
a wrangling and covetous temper,
and possessed of no single recom-
mendation, but an ample fortune,
fie dragged on with his wife a
wretched existence for some years,
until at last her wished-for death
happened. lie then resolved to
give up business, and retire into
the country. Here he expected
to find quiet retirement, and pro-
mised himself no small gratification
in the superiority which his im-
mense wealth would give him over
his neighbours. But, alas ! early-
acquired habits, which, by length
of time, have, as it were, interwoven
themselves with our very existence,
require power more than human to
be eradicated, or even partially
shaken off. Avarus's old habits of
covetousness remained with him.
II is neighbours despised him for
his meanness and ignorance. At
home, and alone, he felt by bitter
experience that he had no resources
in himself, and that his wealth was
a burden. He lives in continual
agitation and disquiet for the safety
of his coders, and trembles at the
prospect of a final separation from
them, which his hoary hairs, and
weak and fainting limbs, and all
the other signs of extreme old age,
declare to be fast approaching.

When we read this character,
we turn with disgust from the sor-
did picture of united avarice and
ignorance. But, if wc survey the
J characters of Socrates, Plato, or
j Cicero, those ancient sages ; or of
those whom modern times have fos-
tered, of Milton, who in majestic
numbers undertook " to vindicate

ON THE WASTE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE.

179

the ways of God to man ;" or of a
Newton, whose exalted genius j
pierced through the darkness which
enveloped science, and who gave a j
striking example to what a height
the human mind could advance by i
diligent research and cultivation ;
we are struck with admiration, and |
burn with ardour to emulate such
patterns of excellence.

It is incumbent upon all to endea-
vour to improve in knowledge ; and
the beautiful parable of our Savi-
our upon the talents, strictly and
pointedly enjoins it. By these
means man becoriies more eminently

useful to his fellow-creatures, and
acquires for himself the laurels of
fame, with perpetual sources of
real and enduring pleasure. Shall
we then lose (his, by being content
to live in ignorance and stupidity ?
God forbid. Let us rather be ani-
mated to stronger exertion, that we
may become the instruments of dif-
fusing happiness to our fellow-crea-
tures, and securing to ourselves an
inheritance which shall survive the
transitory possessions of time, and
live beyond the ruins of the present
world. C.

August 13, I8O9.

lfS7. ■■■■■■

ON THE WASTE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE.

LETTER VI.

TO THE EDITOR.

Sir,

Pursuing the subject of my for-
mer communications, I shall pro-
ceed to observe, that a considerable
waste occurs in the barn after the
corn is partly disengaged from the
straw, by the imperfect mode of
shaking oft' the flooring, from which
a quantity of loose corn is turned
out into the yard, and nearly the
whole of it is lost by being buried
in the dung, as only a very small
portion can be picked up by the
hogs or fowls. Tii is is very obvious,
from the large quantity of loose corn
that is seen when the dung is thrown
up, or carried out of the yard in
the spring.

This corn is rarely found in a
growing state, but much swelled
by being saturated with moisture,
and totally unfit for any purpose I
except manure. A considerable
quantity of this corn out

with the eavm •■•.

the cribs for the store cattle, un-
der this mistaken idea, that if there
is a little loose corn, the cattle
will find it. They may, indeed, if
it is put in troughs or mangers ; but
this is rarely done : for cattle, in a
straw-yard, mostly feed out of open-
bottomed cribs. That a considera-
ble quantity of corn must be found
under every such crib is obvious,
from the eagerness shewn by every
pig in the yard to get into that situ-
ation ; although these animals can
obtain but a small portion of it, as
it keeps gradually falling down into
the interstices formed by their root-
ing amongst the straw in search of
it, till it gets beyond their depth.

The greatest quantity of this loose
saturated corn is always to be found
near the spot where the cribs have
stood, and immediately before the
-door, as these are the places
•- re the straw is most shaken ai't<'r
it is put out of the barn : at the one

180

BRITISH STOUTS.

by the browsing of cattle, and at the
other by the fork dividing it when
carried away.

This waste amounts to many thou-
sand quarters a year ; the whole of
which may be saved, when machi-
nery, capable of producing a com-
plete separation, is invented and
brought into general use.

This corn never meets the eye of
the farmer till the dung is thrown
up in the spring, or carted from the
yard ; he then is much surprised
that his hogs or his fowls did not
find it : but it is now become unfit
for the food of animals, as they will
not eat it after it has been saturated
with the moisture of the yard. The
Logs and fowls certainly consume
some of the corn that adheres to the
straw when badly threshed ; but
the moment it is disengaged by
their trampling, scratching, or root-
ing in search of it, that part be-
comes difficult to find, and adds to
the quantity that was thrown out of
the barn through slight and insuffi-
cient shaking and caving.

The total loss and waste that oc-
curs in this way is incalculable,
and never can be ascertained ; for
the saturation which the grain has

received has destroyed its vegetal i re
powers, so that it cannot shew itself
in the form of young plants, either
on the dunghill or in the field.

It has been a prevalent opinion,
that the corn left in the straw from
bad threshing, is found and eaten
by the pigs and fowls ; but this
opinion is in part erroneous, as the
greater part of it is to be seen on
the removal of the dung.

Some seeds will vegetate after
passing through the body of an ani-
mal ; but they must be those that
have not been cracked in mastica-
tion. If neat cattle feed on second-
crop clover, at the latter part of the
autumn, when the seed is ripe, a
considerable quantity of young clo-
ver plants may be found shewing
their seed-leaves in their dung ; but
corn or seeds saturated with the
moisture of a farm-yard, and ex-
cluded from the air for a few weeks,
have their vegetative power totally
destroyed.

I hope, Sir, to give, in some of
your future numbers, a simple,
practical plan, by which the whole
of this incalculable waste may be
obviated.

An Economist.

maumixmsuLaa

THE PHEASANT.

All modern naturalists arc agreed
that this beautiful bird is a native
of the old world ; and by ancient
authors, it is supposed to have been
originally found on the banks of the
Phasis, a river in Asia Minor, from
which its name also is conjectured
to be derived. Be these opinions
correct or not, so much is certain,

Plate 15.— BRITISH SPORTS. .

(Continued from page 109.)

that the species has been long sp
over the greatest part of the known
world, and held in equal estimation
for the excellence of ifs flesh and
the brilliancy of its plumage.

Every scholar is acquainted with
the story of Solon, the Athenian
philosopher, and Croesus, king of
Lydia. That monarch, seated on
his throne, adorned with all theap-

BRITISH SPORTS;

181

pendages of terrestrial grandeur,
asked Solon if lie had ever seen so
magnificent a spectacle. The phi*
losopher, unmoved by the pomp
"with which lie was surrounded,
coolly replied, that after having
seen the pi a mage of the pheasant,
he could not he astonished at the
sight of any other finery.

Nothing, indeed, can surpass the
variety andrichness of the colours
which adorn the pheasant. The
eyes are encirled with a ring of
scarlet, sprinkled with small specks
of black, and the iris is yellow.
The fore-part of the head is clothed
with blackish feathers, mixed with
a shining purple: the top of the

head, and the upper part of the
neck, are tinged with a darkish
green, which bears a silky gloss.
In some, the top of the head is of
a shining bine, and the upper part
of the neck appears sometimes blue,
and sometimes green., as it is dif-
ferently placed in regard to the eye
of the spectator. The 'cithers of
the breast, shoulders, middle of the
back, and the sides under the wings,
have a blackish ground ; and their
'edges are tinged with a colour ex-
quisitely beautiful, Y.hidi appears
sometimes black and sometimes
purple, according to the different
reflections of the light : under the
purple there is a transverse streak
of gold colour. The tail is about
eighteen inches lon^. The legs,
feet, and toes, are of the colour of
horn, and two of the toes are con-
nected by a membrane : the legs are
furnished with spurs of a blaek co-
lour, and shorter than those of the
cock.

The male is much more beautiful
than the female, which is generally
of a light brown, mixed with black.

No. IX. Vol. II.

The ordinary weight of the male is
from two pounds and three-quarters
to three pounds and a quarter; that
of the hen about ten ounces less.

The pheasant is much attached
to the shelter of thickets and woods
where the grass is long ; but, like
the partridge, often breeds in fields
of clover. She constructs her nest
on the ground, with a few dry vege-
tables put carelessly together, and
lays twelve or fifteen eggs, which
are smaller than those of the do-
mestic hen. lit the mowing of clo-
ver near the woods frequented by
pheasants, the havoc made among
their eggs is often very great. For
this reason, many gentlemen give
directions to their game-keepers to
drive them from such situations un-
til their haunt is broken, and they
retire into the corn.

As soon as the young break the
shell, they follow the mother like
chickens ; and the parents remain
with their broods in the stubbles
and hedge-rows, if unmolested, for
some time after the corn is ripe. If
they are disturbed, they repair to
the woods, which they leave only
in the morning and evening to feed
in the stubbies. Though they are
fond of corn, these birds can, how-
ever, procure a subsistence without
it, since they often feed on wild
berries and aconis.

In confinement, the pheasant nei-
ther lays so ni'.;uy c^;^-, nor tends
her brood with such care, as when
in the natural st-sfe. in a mew,
she will ve<y rarely form a nest for
her egg*, or sit upon them at all ;
for which reason, the domestic hen
is generally made a substitute for
her in the business of incubation
and rearing the young.

Though pheasants are so shy as
B b

182

BRITISH SPORTS.

not to be tamed without great diffi-
culty, yet when their natural fear
of man has been counteracted by
their having been bred under his
protection, and by the habit of see-
ing him, they will repair to the
la-cper for food as soon as they hear
his whistle. They follow him in
flocks ; and scarcely allow the peas
to run from his bag into the troughs
placed to receive them before they
begin to cat.

On the approach of winter, the
pheasants fly, at sun-set, into the
branches of oak-trees, where they
roost during the night ; and this
they do more frequently as the win-
ter advances and the trees lose their
leaves. On these occasions, the
male makes a noise, which he re-
peats three or four times, and which
is called by sportsmen, cocketing. —
The hen, on flying up, utters one
shrill whistle, and is then silent.
By these notes, poachers discover
their roosting-places, where they
shoot them with the greatest cer-
tainty in woods that arc not well
watched. If even woods are Avatch-
cd, the poacher finds means to com-
pass his ends : he lights a number
of brimstone matches with phospho-
rus ; and the moment the sulphu-
reous fumes reach the birds, they
drop, overpowered by them, into
his possession. lie likewise resorts
to other expedients ; such as fast-
ening a snare of wire to the end
of a long pole, with which he drags
them one by one from the trees ; or
catches them in nooses of wire,
twisted horse-hair, or even with a
briar set in the form of a noose at
thevergeofa wood. The pheasants
have other enemies not less artful to
encounter, great numbers of them
feeing destroyed by foxes*

The males begin to crow the first
week in March. This noise can be
heard at a considerable distance.
It is said that they will occasionally
repair to the farm-yards in the vi-
cinity of coverts where they abound,
and sometimes produce a cross breed
with the common fowls.

A singular fact, in the natural his-
tory of this bird, is, that the female
is sometimes seen to assume the ele-
gant plumage and appearance of
the male ; but among pheasants in
a state of confinement, those which
undergo this change always become
barren, and are spurned and buf-
feted by the rest. From observa-
tions made on a hen pheasant, in
the possession of a lady, a friend of
Sir Joseph Banks, it appears pro-
bable that this change arises from
some alteration of temperament at
a late period of the animal's life.
This lady has paid particular atten-
tion to the breeding of pheasants.
One of her hens, after producing
several broods, moulted, and the
succeeding feathers exactly resem-
bled those of a cock ; but she never
afterwards had young ones.

This circumstance, however, is
not peculiar to the pheasant ; simi-
lar observations have been made
respecting the pea-hen. A favour-
ite one, belonging to Lady Tyntc,
produced chicks eight several times.
Having moulted when about eleven
years old, the family were astonished
by her displaying feathers resem-
bling those of the male, and ap-
pearing like a pied peacock. In
this process, the tail, which was
like that of the cock, first appeared.
The following year she moulted
again, and produced similar fea-
thers : the third year she did th«
same* and then had also spurs re-

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

1S.3

scmbling those of the cock, but she
never bred after this change of her
plumage. This animal was pre-
served in the Leverian museum.

Pheasants are found in most parts
of England : they are not plentiful
in the north, and are seldom seen
in Scotland. Wood and corn lands
seem necessary to their existence :
and were it not for the exertions of
gentlemen of property to preserve
these birds from the attacks of
sportsmen, it is more than probable
that in a few years the breed would
be extinct.

In some respects the pheasant is
a very stupid bird. When roused,
it will often perch on a neighbour-
ing tree; where its attention will be
so occupied by the dogs, that it
will suffer the sportsmanto approach
very near. It has been asserted of
this bird, that it imagines itself out.
of danger whenever its head is con-
cealed. From the stratagems, how-

ever, which sportsmen relate that
they have known old cock pheasants
adopt in thick and extensive co-
verts, when they have found them-
selves pursued, before they could
be compelled to take wing, it would
appear that this bird is by no means
deficient in contrivances for its pre-
servation.

The places in which pheasant-
shooting is pursued, the kind of
dogs employed for this purpose, and
the sport itself, are correctly cha-
racterized by Somervile, in the fo!j
lowing lines, with which we shall
conclude our account :

But, if the shady wood ray cares employ.

In quest of feather1 d game, my spaniels beat.

Puzzling th1 entangled copse, and from the

brake
Push forth the whining pheasant; high in air
He waves his varied plumes, stretching away
With hasty wing. Soon from th1 uplifted tube,
The mimic thunder bursts, the leaden death
O'ertakes him ; and, with many a giddy

whirl,
To earth he falls, and at my feet expires.

INTELLIGENCE, LITERAR1

Religious emblems, engraved
on wood, from designs by Mr.
Thurston, and illustrated by the
Rev. Mr. Thomas, are nearly finish-
ed printing by Mr. Bensley, and
will appear in the course of this
month.

The Rev. T. D. Fosbrooke has
in the press, a Dictionary of Anti-
quities, general and local, on the
plan of the French dictionary in the
Encyclopedic Mcthodique. It will
include the antiquities of all na-
tions, as well as those of Great Bri-
tain, and will be illustrated with
plates.

Mr. Murphy, author of the De-
scription of the Church at Battalha,
is preparing for publication, the

SCIENTIFIC, &c.
Arabian Antiq uities of Sp a in. Til e
work will be printed in folio, and
consist of about one hundred plates,
with descriptions of the different
objects, and several interesting par-
ticulars relating to the Arabs, and
their establishment in Spain.

The Rev. Richard Cecil, being
disabled by his infirmities, has en-
trusted the publication of his works
to his friend, Mr. Pratt. They will
form three octavo volumes. One
will contain the memoirs of the Hon.
and Rev. W. B. Cadogan, John
Bacon, Esq. R. A. and the Rev.
John Newton. This volume, which
is considerably advanced in the
press, will appear in the autumn.
A second volume will consist of mis-
B b ">

184

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C<

cellanies, and contain the different
sermons and tracts which have al-
ready been separately printed, with
a few pieces that have not ye( ap-
peared. A third volume will com-
prehend a selection from a consi-
derable number of Mr. Cecil's ser-
mons, taken down in short-hand by
a friend. The miscellanies will
probably be published about Christ-
mas, and the sermons in the spring.

Mr. Richard Cumberland pro-
poses to print, by subscription,
twelve of his hitherto unpublished
Dramas, in a quarto volume, to be
ready next spring.

Dr. Clarke's expected Travels
through Russia, the Territories of
the Don Cossacks, Kuban Tartary,
the Crimea^ #e. will be published
Without further delay.

In a short time will be published,
a new edition of Nicholson's Prin-
ciples of Architecture, corrected
and improved by the author, with
the addition of two new plates, form-
ing 3 vols. 8vo. containing 218
plates, engraved by Lowry and
others.

Mr. Douglas, author of the Art
of Drawing in Perspective upon Ma-
thematical Principles, is preparing
an Enquiry into the present State
of the Elements of Mathematics, or
Euclid's Elements; in which the
inaccuracies, and, in many instan-
ces, the absurdities introduced into
them by some modern writers, are
clearly pointed out, and confuted
upon mathematical principles.

A work on the principles and
plan of Ccelebs, by a clergyman, is
in preparation, and will shortly be
published.

The Rev. E, Nares is preparing
some Remarks on the Unitarian
Version of the New Testament.

With the conclusion of the late
session of parliament, the hopes of
Mr. Winsor, and of those who had
applied fur certain exclusive privi-
leges, under tfee irame of the Gas
lAgbt and Coke Company, were
suspended by the bill having been
lost. We are convinced, however,
that this subject is not condemned
to oblivion. These are, it is true,
many obstacles to overcome before
apparatus of so simple, safe, and
certain a nature, can be devised,
as to render the application of the
purified gaseous combustible pro-
ducts of common coal to the pur-
poses o\' illumination, a part of our
constant domestic economy. It is
requisite that cheapness should be
combined with simplicity, utility,
and effect. These objects have been
completely accomplished by Dr.
StancitiFe, of Cambridge ; and the
means by which his end have been
attained, are applicable to other de-
partments of practical utility. The
results of his labours are about to be
laid before the public.

Jn the committee of the House of
Commons on the above-mentioned
bill, Mr. W. Cox, an eminent che-
mist, delivered a report, from which
it appears, that many tons of human
bones are annually sent by sea from
the metropolis to the north, where
ihey are ground, or rather broken
small, in mills contrived for the
purpose, and then used as manure.

At the sale of Merino sheep at
Rambouiilet, near Paris, on the 16tli
of June, and following days, 69
rams and 84 ewes were disposed of;
the former at the average price of
705 francs, and the latter at 433,
which was considerably higher than
what they fetched last year. The
amount of the sheep sold was 80,470

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

185

francs, and the produce of the wool
6,857, making a total of 87,327
francs.

M. Cnvier has published a brief
description of a bird produced by
the fecundation of a goose by a
swan. &lie laid nine eggs, and be-
gan to hatch them, but only one
living bird v/as obtained. On quit-
ting the shell, this young one dif-
fered very little from a gosling ; it
was covered with a yellowish down,
•with a dark olive tint on the back,
neck, and head. The upper man-
dible of the bill was black, except
the point, where it was white, and
the lower was orange-coloured. The
teet were of the latter colour, and
disproportionably large : the circle
of the iris was brown, and the eye-
lids yellow. Theonly changewhich
it has since undergone is in its size,
which considerably exceeds that of
the mother, though it bears a much
greater resemblance to her than to
the swan.

M. Iliemke has invented a new
kind of bellows, in which the cur-
rent of air that it produces may be
increased or diminished at pleasure,
without interrupting its action.

M. Poeschmann has constructed
an anemometer, designed to mea-
sure with accuracy the force of the
wind ; and, at the same time, to
make several other experiments
with the greatest facility. For this
purpose, it is accompanied with an
hygrometer, a thermometer, and a
barometer.

A very simple contrivance has
been invented by M. Fabroni, for
transforming any good common ba-
lance into an hydrostatic balance.
It is a movable column, which,
being placed in a vessel proper for
the purpose, beneath any balance

whatever, provided it be exact,
renders it capable of giving specific
gravities, without the necessity of
recurring to the extraordinary and
expensive methods with which the
so-called hydrostatic balances are
attended.

M. Fournier has invented an ap-
paratus for determining, with pre-
cision, the quantity of spirit con-
tained in any liquid, to which he
gives the name of aleohometer or
cenometer. This instrument is com-
posed of a glass tube, six or seven
inches long, placed vertically upon
a cap of copper, and havingattached
to its center a graduated bar of the
same metal. At the place where
the bar enters the tube adjusted to
its base, there is a screw, by which
it is hermetically closed, and which
prevents the liquid that you are
about to analyze, from spilling. —
This little apparatus stands upon
three legs ; at the foot of which is
a lamp, with spirit of wine, placed
under the copper cap, and directly
beneath the bar, to heat it quickly.
On one of the legs is a movable
ferrule with a damper, for the [im-
pose of moderating, at pleasure, the
action of the flame, and thus pre-
venting the liquid in the tu\)e from
running over.

M. Bozziui has announced, in
several German journals, a ma-
chine of his invention, which is in-
tended to throw light into the in-
terior of the animal body. This
machine is composed of a recipient
containiiigthe light; oftubes, which
direct its rays to the cavities which,
it is wished to enlighten ; and of
reflecting tubes, which transmit the
luminous rays to the eye of the ob-
server.

A new remedy for the consump-

186

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

tion has been made public by a
German physician, who has tried
it with success upon a person that
had been given up for nine months
by the faculty. It is prepared as
follows : — Take (he lungs of a large
calf, or those of two small ones,
quite fresh, and without washing.
The person who cuts them out of
the animal ought to have a dry
hand, and without perceptible trans-
piration. Weigh the lungs, and
add an equal weight of brown su-
gar-candy, which must be com-
bined with it by boiling. Cut out
all the cartilaginous parts, which
must alone be preserved, together
with the heart which adheres to
them ; and cut the whole in small
pieces, adding the same weight of
sugar-candy. Put this mixture into
a large tin flask, with a wide mouth,
eighteen inches high, with a screw
stopper, and capable of containing
three bottles of liquid. First put a
layer of the chopped lungs, then
another of pounded sugar-candy,
and thus continue till the whole
mixture is introduced. Set a large
earthen pot full of water on the tire,
and plunge the flask into it, so as
to make the water rise to the stop-
per Avithout covering it, lest it
should insinuate itself to the sub-
stances contained in the flask. —
Boil the whole for twelve successive
hours, and keep hot water ready to
replenish the pot as fast as the boil-
ing water evaporates. Strain the
decoction through a piece of very
fine linen, and put it away in bot-
tles in a very cool place. The pa-
tient is to take half a tea-cup full
of this decoction thrice a day; in
the morning fasting, an hour before
dinner, and an hour before supper.
Before it is taken, let the cup into

which it is to be poured be held in
hot water a few moments to warm
it. Persons in whom the disorder
was not too inveterate, have been
completely cured by taking the
dose prescribed above three times.
Others, who were farther gone, have
made use of it for a yoar till their
complete recovery. The patient
ought to keep as quiet as possible,
and avoid all too strong affections,
and every subject of grief and me-
lancholy : he should likewise take
the air morning and evening, but
not too long.

M. Gonzatti has discovered a li*
quid which instantaneously extin-
guishes fire. The following expe-
riments Avere publicly made Avith it
at Venice : — Some resin and oil were
set fire to ; and scarcely had a few
drops of this liquid been poured on
the flame, when it immediately dis-
appeared, leaving behind it not the
least trace of fire. Billets of wood
besmeared with pitch and resin,
and aftenvards dipped in this liquid,
resisted the action of the hottest fire,
to which they were exposed for se-
veral hours. The inventor affirms,
that a feAV applications of this com-
position to wood-Avork, would pre-
serve it from all danger of Are. He
has not thought fit to publish the
manner in which this composition
is prepared, but it is probable that
a solution of alum, potash, and vi-
triol, is one of the ingredients.

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

The Geographical^ Natural., and
Civil History of Chili. Trans-
lated from the original Italian of
the Abbe Don J. Ignatius Mo-
lina. To which are added, Notes
from the Spanish and French
Version; and two Appendixes,

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

1ST

by the English Editor: the first
an Account of the Archipelago
of Chitoe, from the Descripcion
Historial of P. F. Pedro Gon-
zalez de Agueros ; the second an
Account of the Native Tribes
who inhabit the Extremity of
South America, extracted chief!//
from Ealkners Description of
Patagonia. In 2 volumes 8vo.
pp. 321 and 385. ISs.
Tli is work is well calculated to
gratify the curiosity of the reader,
respecting the interesting portion of
the South American continent to
which it relates, and concerning
which the accounts hitherto given
in our language are comparatively
very scanty. These volumes bear
the marks of attentive observation
and scrupulous fidelity, which in
any work must be deemed import-
ant recommendations-, but which
are so essentially necessary in one
of this description.

The author was a native of Chili,
distinguished for his literary ac-
quirements, and particularly his
knowledge of natural history, large
collections of which he had made
during his residence in that coun-
try. On the dissolution of the cele-
brated order of the Jesuits, of which
he was a member, he shared the
general fate of that community, in
being expelled from the territories
of Spain, and Was at the same time
deprived, not only of his collec-
tions in natural history, but also of
his manuscripts. The most import-
ant of the latter, relative to Chili,
he had, however, the good fortune
to regain by accident, some time
after his residence in Bologna, in
Italy, whither he had gone on his
arrival in Europe. Furnished with
these materials, he applied himself

to writing the history of that coun-
try, which was published at two
different periods, for reasons men-
tioned in his preface. The first vo-
lume, which appeared in 1787, is
divided into four chapters. The
first, after a succinct geographical
account of Chili, which may serve
for an introduction, treats of the
seasons, winds, meteors, volcanoes,
earthquakes, and state of the cli-
mate. The other three are devoted
to a description of natural objects,
proceeding from the mineral to the
vegetable and animal kingdoms :
and in the last, the author has added
some conjectures respecting the in-
habitants of Chili and Patagonians,
or pretended giants, whom he con-
siders as the mountaineers of that
country. The second volume re-
lates entirely to the political history
of Chili, interspersed with par-
ticulars of the manners, govern-
ment, &c. of the natives ; and is
rendered particularly interesting by
the account of the long, severe, and
successful struggles of the Arauca-
nians with their Spanish invaders.
The philologist will also be grati-
fied with the essay on the Chilian
language, comprehended in the vo-
lume. The work is very properly
accompanied with a neatly engraved
map of the country.
An Essay on Government. By

Mrs. R. F. A. Lee. 8vo. pp.

333. 7s. 6d.

We must acknowledge that we
are equally surprised and pleased
with the re-appearance, before the
public tribunal, of the fair author
of this essay, whose former ex-
hibition was so little calculated
to excite prepossessions in her fa-
vour. That very circumstance has,
perhaps, contributed to make the

1SS

REVIEW OF NEW Pt'BfclCATIOtts',

present work produce in us stronger
sentiments of admiration and re-
spect. "We have indeed been in-
formed that, since the unfortunate
affair to which we have alluded,
Mrs. L. lias entirely secluded her-
self from the world; that her books
are her only society, and her studies
her only solace, employment, and
recreation. With what success she
pursues them is evident from the
volume before us, which is distin-
guished from the generality of fe-
male productions by depth of re-
flection, solidity of argument, and
masculine energy of language ; to
which may be added, an intimate
acquaintance with writers, who sel-
dom engage the attention of modern
ladies of fortune. We hope that
the public approbation, which this
essay cannot fail to obtain, will
stimulate Mrs. Lee to a farther ex-
ertion of those superior powers with
which she is evidently endowed.
William Tell ; or, Swisserland De-
livered : by the Chevalier de
Llorian : — a posthumous Work.
To which is prefixed, the Life of
the Author, by.Jauffret. Trans-
lated from the French by Wil-
liam B. Hewetson. Pp.115- 5s.
The character of Florian's works
must already be so well known to
every reader of taste, that it will
be unnecessary to enter into a mi-
nute account of the present per-
formance. Such a subject from the
pen of such a writer, cannot but
possess more than ordinary attrac-
tions ; and it derives additional in-
terest from the circumstance of its
being partly composed in a prison
of Paris, where Florian was con-
fined, in the early years of the re-
volution, by the sanguinary go-
vernment of France. This event

he did not long survive. A book-
seller of eminence purchased all his
papers, and has lately published
those works which the author did
not live to finish. Tell was among
the number ; the others are his Mis-
cellanies, and Eliczer and Neph-
tali, a poem, which will soon be
given to the public. With respect
to the translation, it is but justice io
observe, that it is considerably
above the ordinary standard.
Beauties selected from the Writ'
ings of J cones Beallie, LL. D.
late Professor of Moral Philo"
sophj/ and Logic in the Maris-
chal College, and Unix er sit j/ of
Aberdeen. To zohieh are pre-
fixed, a Life of the Author, and
an Account of his Writings; to-
get her prith Notes on the first
Book of the Minstrel. By Tho-
mas Gray, LL. B. J2mo. lxviii.
and pp. 3<i0. 5s. 6d.
The claims of.Beattie to the dis-
tinction of a British classic writer
have been universally admitted. To
youth in particular, and to those
whose finances foibid the purchase
of his complete works, the selection
before us will, we doubt not, prove
highly acceptable. Its object is so
well characterized by the editor,
that we shall beg leave to transcribe
his prefatory observations :

" In compiling the following vo-
lume," says he, " attention has
been paid to what ouirht to be the
leading feature of all such produc-
tions— variety. Its utility has been
consulted in stilting the works from
which the extracts are made, as it
will enable those who may wish to
quote a passage, to refer to the
source. Wrii3iout strictly regarding
the title of the volume, it has been
thought advisable to include the

MUSICAL REVIEW.

189

whole of Dr. Beatlie's poems; for,
being few in number, it would ena-
ble the purchasers of his Beauties,
to obtain a work which, alone, usu-
ally sells for more than the price of
the present volume. The notes, too, !
of Gray, which are now, for the [
first time, published in connection '■•
with the Minstrel, areof themselves
an interesting feature of this work.
It is pleasing to behold one poet
sitting in judgment on the works of j
another, and in the confidence of j
friendship."

It only remains for us to remark,
that the life, in which Mr. Mud-
ford, the editor, proves his imparti-
ality as a biographer, is accompa-
nied with a neatly engraved por-
trait of Dr. Beaitie.

MUSICAL REVIEW.

Sixth Divertimento for the Piano-
Forte ; in which is introduced a
favourite Spanish Fandango,
composed, and dedicated to the
Right Hon. Lady Diana Her-
bert, by J. B. Cramer. Price 5s.
In point of taste and science this
divertimento is not inferior to its
predecessors. In the prelude, and
especially in the 4th and 5th lines,
some beautiful and well combined
chords evince the genius of the au- I
thor. The subject of the allegretto j
moderato is distinguished by an un- j
affected, but pleasing How of mc- '
lody, and the various modulations
engrafted upon it, are such as might I
be looked for from a harmonist of
Mr. C.'s deserved celebrity. The
same praise is due to the fandango I
movement in G minor, in the dif-
ferent modulations of which (he cha-
racter of the Spanish theme is inva-
riably preserved. The introduction
of the dolce in B b major, (p. 7,
No. IX. Vol. II.

I. 5, &c.) and the variation of the
subject cito G major (p. 9, /. 7,&c.)
afford a pleasing contrast to the ori-
ginal minor key. A pastoral rondo
forms the conclusion of this diver-
timento : its theme is appropriately
playful, and well harmonized ; a
beautiful transition likewise occurs
at the bottom of page 11. With
respect to execution, we may add,
that the passages will be found less
intricate than they appear to the
eye; every thing lies under the
hand as much as can be expected.
A New Sonata, with the favourite

Sici liana, for the Piano- Forte :

dedicated to Miss Sophia Arnold.

By L. Von Esch. Price 4s.

The fertile pen of Mr. V. E. has
embodied into this sonata a variety
of ideas and passages which will be
found to afford a salutary exercise
for the fingers. Although we do
not meet with much originality in
this performance, it would be an
injustice to the author not to say,
that it has afforded us a due share
of entertainment, unalloyed by any
transgressions of the laws of compo-
sition. We could have wished the
passages to lie a little more under
the finger of the student, however
convinced we are of the ease with
which Mr. V. E.'s abilities on the
instrument would subdue their in-
tricacies. There is also a horn-
pipe, with a bear's dance at the end.
" The last Words of Marmion,"

with at? Accompaniment for the

Piano- Forte. By John Clarke,

Mus. Doc. Price os.

Dr. Clarke has been eminently
successful in the con) position of this
cantata. The music faithfully re-
presents the import of the poetry,
in the martial, as well as in its
languishing passages. The words,
Cc

190

MUSICAL REVIEW.

"Charge, Chester, charge F* and
" On, Stanley, on /" are expressed
with much animation, and the ef-
fect of their dying away, through a
succession of minor chords (/;. 10,
//. 2 and 3,) is very beautiful.
Other passages, which brevity
obliges us to leave unnoticed, have
equal claim to our praise. The
symphonies are spirited; but the
recitativo appears to us rather too
short.

" The. red Rose," a Glee for four
Voices. Composed by W.Kny-
vett. Price 2s.

The melody of this glee is agree-
able, and the harmony of the dif-
ferent parts well contrived. The
change into minor, at the words,
" fare thee weel" is judicious, and
produces a pleasing effect. Of the
mode of accompaniment, however,
which prevails in the whole of the
second voice, we cannot profess
ourselves advocates. That part,
as it stands, is throughout set higher
than the principal voice (at least,
if it is sung as written,) and appears
to us to produce an excess of melo-
diousness, which soon tires the more
scientific ear.

" Oh dolee Coneento !" a favourite
Air, with twelve Variations, for
the Piano-Forte, and an Accom-
paniment for the Flute (ad libit-
um). Composed, and dedicated
to the Viscountess Primrose, by
T. Latour. Price 3s.
The little air of Mozart which is
more generally known in this coun-
try under the title of iAway with me-
lancholy," forms the theme of those
variations, which are highly pleas-
ing, and conspicuous for the variety
in the representation of so simple a
subject. The solos for the flute
are elegant, and of easy execution,

•Mid, accompanied by the piano-
forte, have a good effect. But how
(he former instrument can, in the
obligate variations, be dispensed
with " ad libitum," without ren-
dering the few remaining notes for
the piano-forte dry and insipid, we
are at a loss to conceive. Two of
the variations are in minor keys,
and deserve our particular commen-
dation. The 3d and 8th likewise
have great merit, and reflect credit
on the author's talents.
Three Duets for two Violoncellos,
in which are introduced, for Sub'
jects of the adagio Movements,
two select Scottish Airs, and the
favourite Air of il Sul Margine
(fun Rio," composed, and dedi-
cated to J. S. Glennie, Esq.
by Thomas Powell. Op. 3. pr.
7s. 6d.

We have frequently had the plea-
sure of admiring Mr. P.'s skill and
taste on the violoncello, and are
therefore the more ready to do jus-
tice to the merits of this specimen
of his abilities as a composer for
that noble instrument. The subjects
of the different movements in these
duets are pleasing, the passages
well contrived, the two parts re-
lieve each other responsively, and
the modulations are creditable to
the author's science. We only re-
gret to find not even one of the slow
movements of Mr. P.'s own compo-
sition ; those being, according to
a practice which seems to gain too
much ground, taken from some fa-
vourite ballads. Independent of
our general objection to musical
borrowing-, we are of opinion that,
of all songs, the Scotch, however
pleasing in themselves, and by them-
selves, are least calculated for cham-
ber music ; inasmuch as their irrc-

OBSERVATIONS ON THE DUKE OF BEDFORD S STATUE.

191

gular and monotonous melodies are
seldom capable of any regular and
■well set accompaniment.
" The Caliph of Bagdad" a grand
romantic Ballet, composed bj/
Mons. Vestris, S?c. The Music
composed and arranged for the
Piano- Forthwith an( ad libitum)
Accompaniment for the Harp.
By F. Lanza. Price 10s. 6A.
As ballet- music, in which the
talents of the composer are perhaps
rendered as subservient to tlie feet
of the dancer as to the ear of the
audience, tiiis performance cer-
tainly claims our approbation ; but
to enter into a detail of the merits of
the great number of different move-
ments of so voluminous a work as
the present, would probably as
much exceed our limits as the task
would be tedious to our readers.
The music of the Caliph of Bag-
dad is neat and tasteful, often ele-
gant, abounding in variety of ideas,
full of dramatic contrasts, and, in
point of harmony, highly pleasing.
"With these advantages, it may be
expected that it will become a fa-
vourite of our musical amateurs,
the more so, since the author has
very judiciously arranged this ex-
tract in a manner so as not to deter
the student of moderate abilities.
Three favourite Airs arranged for
the Harp, and dedicated to Mrs.
Samuel Hill, by S. Dussck.
Book 1st. Price 2s. 6d.
The admirers of Scotch songs
will not be displeased at the manner
in which the subjects of this publi-
cation have been harmonized for
the harp by Mr. Dussck. Their
effect on the piano-forte, on which
instrument alone we have been able
to submit these airs to our criti-
cism, is such, that we make no
doubt they will, if executed on the

harp, appear to still greater advan-
tage. The accompaniment is as
chaste and complete as the melodies
could possibly admit of.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE STATUE OF
THE DIKE OF BEDFORD, IN RUS-
S EEL-SQUARE.

The statue of this illustrious no-
bleman, by Westmacolt, is at length
opened to public inspection. lis si-
tuation is admirably chosen ; and if,
as a work of art, it does not fully
satisfy the demands of cultivated
taste, it, at least furnishes a very
creditable specimen of the artist's
powers, and will stand in Fait com-
petition with most of our recently
erected monuments.

The duke is represented in his
senatorialrobcs, leaningon aplough,
and holding in his hand some ears
of corn : he is surrounded by the
Seasons, which are personified by
figures, prettily imagined, and well
expressed. On the sides of the pe-
destal, are two subjects, in basso-
relievo, representing the leading
features in husbandry; and on tire
frieze, are the animals employed in
or connected with it.

The principal objection which
has occurred to us, in the examina-
tion of this statue, is, that tiie mag-
nitude of the figure is dispropor-
tioned to its base. We do not ob-
ject to its colossal size, but we think
it wants some object of nearly equal
bulk to balance and support it : —
to this purpose, the figures of the.
Seasons are not adequate ; but, if,
by a bold stretch of the imagination,
the powers opposed to the advance-
ment of agriculture could have been
chained at the four corners of the
pedestal, the magnitude of the
whole would have been increased,
without diminishing, in the smallest

FASHIONS FOR LADIE6 AND GENTLEMEN.

degree, the consequence of the
principal figure, and the coup-d'ceil
■would have been infinitely more
grand and imposing.

Did Ave not fear being charged
with hypercriticism, we might com-
plain that the indication of the er-
mine on the robe, descends a little
below the dignity of sculpture; and,
■without any fear ai all, we must ob-
ject to the ears of corn, in the duke's
left hand, which, independently of
its being a trifling and childish
thought, is certainly a useless repe-
tition. The basso-relievos on the
pedestal, the frieze surrounding its
top, the Seasons at the feet of the
figure, the cornucopia, and the
plough (only so many different
■ways of expressing the same thing),
■were surely enough to point out the
duke's particular pursuits, without
cramming his hand full of ripened
ears.

Was his political, was his moral
character so low, that nothing could
be drawn from either, which might
have been a graceful ornament to
his hand ? Must he be this one tiling,
or nothing? Were the varied vir-
tues of that man to go unregarded,
;who is justly described by a writer,
neither of his own country nor par-
ty, as " un homme dont les rares
vert us honorerent et consolercnt
Vhumanite'?" Was the Dukeof Bed-
ford merely an agriculturist ? To
foreigners and others, who may not
be acquainted with the duke's cha-
racter, these reflections will cer-
tainly detract from the sculptor's
ingenuity.

On the whole, however, we think
this monument a public acquisition,
and hail it as the dawn of a better
taste in the country ; not so much
as it regards the arts, as it affects
the feelings of the people. While
public gratitude is daily displayed
towards those deserving men who
have fallen fighting their country's
battles ; and while (such is the un-
happy constitution of things) we are
compelled to consider him the most
glorious who has been most suc-
cessful in deeds of blood, it is plea-
sant to see that viituc of a more ex-
alted character does not pass unno-
ticed or unrewarded ; and that the
memory of men who, by their la-
bours, have advanced the arts of
civilized life, and have been in-
strumental in adding to the comfort
and happiness of their fellow-crea-
tures, is preserved with feelings of
grateful admiration.

How would it add to the beauty
of the metropolis if every principal
square were thus ornamented ! Some
such place should have been found
for the immortal Howard ; and,
when the course of nature deprives
us of those individuals to whose
exertion we may attribute the abo-
lition of that disgraceful traffic
which for many years involved the
African continent in bondage and in
blood, may their statues, wrought
in the most durable materials, and
placed in the most conspicuous si-
tuations, for ever point out to their
countrymen the noblest objects of a
noble ambition!

lEirrasragK.ACi

FASHIONS FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.

PLATE 17. A MOURNING DRESS.

As many of our discerning and
tasteful" correspondents have hinted

to us the utility of occasionally pre-
senting them with a mourning, we
take advantage of the present period

Tlatr JJ.Vbl J

t hhEitu.-iXA h f</:rt>sr[vrr, ut.lh-rs ■>/ i),), s,,,f' }■'■' >■<■ ■

Plait 18. Vol 2

BRK.SS

M.<).ofJCKERM.4K.yf SSPOSJTOSS -n/.-f/trs t£Pu&jZtScp£2i909.at2ei.SlrandLeffl)021

FASHIONS FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.

193

to comply with their wishes. Fa-
shion and novelty seem at this mo-
ment to require from their vota-
ries a cessation from their general
labours, and individual taste and
invention are left to sport at plea-
sure in that elegant simplicity of at-
tire which at this season takes place,
of the splendid decoration which
distinguishes the more brilliant par-
ties of the metropolis.

Our plate will be found to repre-
sent a lady and her infant in slight
mourning habits : the former com-
posed of black gossamer net, or im-
perial gauze, worn over a white sa-
tin slip. A demi-traine. A round
frock front, and short French sleeves,
each edged with a rich vandyke
lace. A cestus of white satin, edged
with gold bullion, finished in front
with a rich cord and cone tassels,
suspended from topaz studs. Pearl
necklace and bracelets, with topaz
snaps. Hair in the eastern style,
with a Spartan diadem, and comb
of topaz or gold. A Circassian
scarf ol grey Spanish silk, with a
Tuscan border in black embroidery,
and tassels to correspond ; confined
on on"' shoulder with a topaz broach.
Shoes of grey satin, with clasps of
jet, or rosettes of black bugles.
White gloves of French kid ; and
fan of black erape, with gold span-
gled devices.

In deep mournings this robe should
be formed of black crape, and worn
over black sarsnet. The ornaments
and trimmings of every description
must be of bugles or jet. The shoes
of queen's silk. The scarf, black
crape or imperial silk, spotted and
bordered with bugles. Jet tassels
and broach.

The child's dress is a simple frock
of black crape muslin, tucked small,

and worn over a cambric skirt. A
plain net-lace tucker, and cap en
suite. Grey kid slippers, with black
clasps.

PLATE 18. PROMENADE SEA-
BEACH COSTUME.

A Grecian frock of fine French
cambric or jaconot muslin, with,
correspondent border at the feci, in
shaded purple embroidery : Roman
back and front of the same. Full
long sleeves, with a turned-tip cuff
of lace ; fastened with a bronze stud,
set in gold. A Flemish bonnet, of
fine plaited or variegated straw,
tied under the chin with, purple
corded ribbon. An ostrich feather,
tipped with purple, falling on the
left side. A rich habit-shirt, formed
of fine India muslin (or net) and
lace. A marine scarf, of purple
Spanish silk, with rich ends, and
border of happily contrasted shades,
thrown over the figure in true Gre-
cian elegance. Chinese parasol, of
purple silk, with deep white awn-
ing. Shoes and gloves of lemon-
coloured kid.

FASHIONS FOR GENTLEMEN.

Morning or Hoiking Dress.

Dark blue and hare-back mixture
are the fashionable colours of the
day. Long waists still keep their
ground : lappels long in proportion,
with only four, or, at the utmost,
five, large gilt buttons : shortskirt —
collar high, to stand off — low in
front — sleeves Jong — flap with three
buttons, and the same number in
the plaits. Silk-striped quilting,
or marcella double-breasted waist-
coat. Drab- coloured kerseymere
breeches. Stocking pantaloons and
half-boots. Nankeen trowsers and
gaiters, or kerseymere pantaloons
and gaiters in one.

194

THIRD LETTER FROM A YOUNG LADY IN LONDON TO
HER FRIEND IN THE COUNTRY.

Mi/ dearest Sister,

1 am at this moment in the
most agreeable flurry, the most de-
lightful confusion imaginable ! To-
morrow we leave this metamor-
phosed and scorching metropolis,
which is now transformed into a
wilderness, where the roses of fa-
shion cease to bloom. Our route
lor the autumn is fixed ; and if the
weal her prove auspicious, it pro-
mises fair for our pleasure. We go
first to Brighton, where we sojourn
about a fortnight, sporting it gaily ;
and when tired of its monotony, we
decamp for Worthing; and after
looking a little at the folks there,
we are destined to visit the new-
made Lady L , at his lordship's

seat in Hampshire. How long we
stay there, 1 presume will depend
on what sort of reception we meet
with from the good folks of the
mansion : I hope we shall there
meet with a few dashing fellows, to
make the country passable ; for, in
town, I assure you, since the sail-
ing of the expedition, and the mi-
gration of the whip-club, there is
scarcely a tolerable man to be met
with ; and a sober plodding cit, a
grave calculating merchant, and a
lew old beaux of the last century,
are the only male beings left for
us spinsters ; so that 1 conclude
coquetry will soon be out of fa-
shion. My old friend, and deter-
mined flirt, Miss D —

, is abso-
lutely admitting the overpowering
attentions of a fat alderman ! She,
you know, must have a lover, and
therefore has some merit in choos-
ing from so respectable a frater-
nity; though, as she is a woman

of an aspiring mind, I rather won-
der she did not begin at the head of
the order, and make love to my
lord mayor at once.

" Now, now is your time, come, each smartly -

cropt < it,
" And make your approaches, and sigh at

our feet ;
" We'll permit you to tell with what rapture

you hum — .
" Bnt, hark ye! 'tis only till they can return!"

We yesterday gave orders to our
dress-maker for a new range of ar-
ticles for personal adornment, suita-
ble for the morning ramble, and even-
ing parade on the Steyne ; as well
as an autumnal ball-dress or two,
which I think will astonish the old
stagers. Madame Brunelle has pro-
mised not to exhibit them to any
one, so that they will start fresh
upon the sight, and eclipse alike
by their novelty and elegance. At
this instant, however, I am too
much occupied to attempt a deli-
neation. A sort of agreeable chaos
pervades my mind — an interesting
kind of perplexity, resting on hope,
possesses my faculties and bewil-
ders my brain ; wonder not, there-
fore, at my desultory style. Colonel

B is returned from India! I

have seen him this instant: he is
handsomer than ever, and is reputed
to have returned very much better-
ed in fortune ! He is going to
Brighton, and his fine eyes lighted
up when he found we were destined
for that quarter. Hence, dearest
Constance, my perplexity — hence
my interesting, bewildered sensa-
tions, and hence my hopes. A fig,
now, for Worthing — a fig, also, for
our visit into Hampshire ! My star

THIRD LETTER ER0M A YOUNG LADY.

195

points to Brighton, and it is in vain
to fly from destiny.

I have just been looking over ray
new dresses, which lately arrived :
they are really very elegant and ap-
propriate ; but I am provoked to
find my village bonnet and Bohe-
mian vest trimmed with apple-green
ornaments ; for though this is a
fresli and pleasing colour in itself,
my brown complexion and dark eyes
would be perfectly jaundiced by its
unfavourable contrast. Exit, there-
fore, instantly, the servant, with
orders to change them for jonquil.
I have the most beautiful ball dress
of this colour ; a sort of frosted im-
perial gauze over a white sarsnet
slip : it is styled the Arragonian
robe. It flows loose in front from
the shoulders to the feet, is bor-
dered with silver snail-trimming,
and confined on each shoulder with
pearl studs. The sleeve is of the
full Circassian order, edged at the
robe ; and exhibiting a plain one
of sarsnet beneath, edged with a
fall of antique lace. The bosom of
this dress is of the oriental form,
composed of sarsnet and lace, and
edged with silver snail-trimming :
a cord and tassel appear tied in
front of the waist, and fall in ir-
regular lengths below the knee. I
shall wear a bandeau of pearl, of a
somewhat new construction, being
a little arched in front : my ear-
rings of the melon-drop form —
necklace and armlets to correspond.
My slippers are white satin, with
a small topaz buckle : this latter
article entirely new. I am this mo-
ment summoned to give my opinion

Tuesday, eight in the 7norning.

The packet, dear Constance,
will be closed at ten, therefore I
hasten to fill up the measure of my
communication, for our cavalcade
is destined to move at two. I will
not disguise any sentiment from you,

my love. Colonel B called just

after I had concluded my dispatch-
es last evening. He has, I find,
been long known to this family ;
and, entre nous, I believe there
would be no violent opposition,
were he disposed to pay his devoirs
to my companion : for, though a
girl of title, Lady Mary does not
possess much of its requisite con-
comitant, wealth. Our host and
his gay consort have oifered him a
seat in their barouche to Brighton,
which he seemed joyfully to accept.
My lady expressed a sort of grave
surprise, however, that he should
be known to me. " It is really
astonishing, my love," said she to
me this morning, " that you who,
till lately, have vegetated all your
life in the country, should be so in-
timately acquainted with Colonel
B-

, who, before his voyage to
India, was considered one of the
most fashionable men about town."
" Madam," said I, rather piqued,
" you forget that the colonel has
been occasionally reduced to the
necessity of supporting himself in
country quarters, and that my fa-
ther's rank in life enables him to
make such a situation less irksome
to men of fashion by his hospita-
lity. This will account to you for
my acquaintance with Colonel B."
My lady darted at me a glance of
on Lady Mary's new purchases : a || scrutiny, not wholly unmixed with
truce, therefore, while I hasten to ij resentment ; but Lady Mary (who
muster fresh forces for the field of I is really a good-natured, volatile
information. I will report faith- 'j girl, caring just as much for one
fully in the morning. |! man as another,) only uttered an

195

KING S THEATftE.

encomium on the eyes and teeth of
the colonel, and then directed our
attention to some article of her at-
tire ; while I was heartily glad to
kve the subject thus changed. —
But, dear Constance ! friend of my
heart ! and sister of my soul ! hap-
py shall 1 be for an opportunity to
renew it with you hereafter. At
present, I will dismiss it, for I
don't like myself at all. This man's
return has unhinged me ! When I
admire my robes, I associate the
idea of, whether he will think they
become me : and I this morning
tore the feathers from my Zealand
bonnet so instantaneously, that 1
was obliged to enquire of myself the
cause ; and my memory answered,
that, three years back, this im-
pertinent colonel had declared his
aversion to that ornament, except in
the ball-room. Dear sister, this is
really not as it should be ; and sit-
ting opposite to him all the way to
Brighton is not at all calculated to
mend matters. Transmit me some
of your sage counsels by return of
the post ; for I begin to think you
arc the wisest of the two.

Accept now (by way of bribe)
the following list of fashionable ar-
ticles for the season : — The elastic
Grecian zone for your waist ; the
Flushing slouch hat of straw, with
naval plume ; the Spanish capu-
chin of coloured net, trimmed en-
tirely round with lace, or with a
watered ribbon of the same shade
(those of Saragossa brown net are
considered most genteel) ; the Ty-

rolese robe of white brocade gauze,
ornamented with white or coloured
beads; the Grecian dnpery and
vest, with borders of the pheasant's
eye, in coloured silks, embroidered
to nature ; the vestal robe, as de-
scribed in my last ; with the mili-
tary bodice of coloured satin, are
all, dear Constance, ai tides of much
fashion and elegance. Feathers
very generally ornament the morn-
ing and evening hat ; and flowers,
or fruit, in the full crescent or tiara
form, are seen to decorate the small
French bonnet, or hunting cap.
Ornaments in gold, silver, and
gems, decorate the hair on all pub-
lic occasions. Variegated broaches,
and other articles of jewellery in
coloured gems, are in high repute;
and, with the white robe, have the
most lively and happy effect. Wear
your French foundling cap, and
Vlissingen mob (which accompa-
nies this packet), with yoxvc morn-
ing dresses ; and be sure to let no
part of your throat be displayed in
this style of costume. In full dress,
no ornament for the neck exceeds, in
unique elegance, the solitaire of
coloured gems. They are formed
in various fanciful clusters, and are
a most beautiful and splendid deco-
ration.— Adieu, dearest Constance !
rest assured of receiving from me
all that is worthy of communication
from our several places of resort ;
and depend always on the aifection
of your faithful friend, and at-
tached sister,

Belinda.

^USjm3SSTr3tS9Vtt

PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS,
s theatre. | Sidagero, and the Calif of Bagdat.

This theatre closed for the sea-
son, with the charming opera of

Tremanzani might be said to exceed
himself; in the prison scene he was

HAY-MARKET THEATRE LYCEUM.

J 27

most admirable, and gave the air of
Digit che non pa-cento, with ex-
quisite pathos and effect. Naldi
was, as he is in every character he
undertakes, not only the fine actor,
but the gentleman.

We have ever given our tribute
of sincere admiration to the Des-
hayes : we own the exertion and
abilities of Vcstris are wonderful;
but, for elegance and grace, we
think Monsieur and Madame Des-
Jiayes may come in competition
with him. Angiolini is, indeed,
incomparable ; and she danced with
peculiar elegance on the last even-
ing of her performance.

HAY-MARKET THEATRE.

Since our last, another new piece,
entitled the Vintagers, has been
brought forward at this theatre : it
consists of nothing very novel, but
possesses interest, and is well drawn.
When we say the music of it is by
Mr. Bishop, it is sufficient to cha-
racterize its merit on the score of
scientific harmony ; and though, at
present, it has not had quite the run
of some other new .pieces, yet we
have little doubt of its ultimate suc-
cess.

ENGLISH OPERA, LYCEUM.

We are happy to find this plea-
sant and well-conducted little thea-
tre so likely to prove beneficial to
its indefatigable conductors, and so
gratifying to the taste ofa generous
public. Fhe Admiral, or up all
Night, had a successful run. Va-
rious other entertainments have since
been offered to the audience. The
splendid ballet of the Nabob seems
to give general satisfaction ; yet,
we must say, we think it rather too
long, for the eye becomes weary of

No. IX. Vol. J I.

gazing on so much dumb shew ;
and that continual sameness of one'
leg exertion of Vestris introduction,
which, though it may shew won-
derful equilibrious power, has nei-
ther grace nor delicacy. Miss
Twamley's charming dancing can,
however, never tire the spectators,
who are apt to forget her fatigues,
in the selfish idea that they could
see her dance the whole evening.

The new English opera, entitled
the Russian Impostor, or the
Siege of Smolensho, seems not to
please quite so well as the Admiral.
An English opera is promised, and,
therefore, the amusements of this
theatre should be as English as
they possib/i/ can be, without fall-
ing into sameness.

The Russian Impostor is founded
on historical events in Russia : but,
though the chief plot is historical,
it is not a probable story altogether;
there are too many escapes, too
many varying disguises; and a high-
flown, romantic disposition can
alone be pleased with it. The
plaintive airs have certainly un-
common merit ; the comic ones we
did not much admire : the charac-
ters are well conceived, and agreea-
bly diversified, while its scenes of
gaiety relieve its more sombre situ-
ations. The music by Mr. Addison,
is very tasteful, and certainly me-
rits the applause of the public.

On August 4th, the new panto-
mime ballet of Knapschou, or the
Forest Fiend, was performed ; it
has some interest, and the music is
;i pt . An usurping baron, in his
frightful disguises, and various out-
rages, forms the chief subject.

On Saturday, the 12th, Hie bur-
letta of Poor Vulcan was per-
formed. Mr. Philips, as Adonis,
I)d

198

sadler's wells — circus — astley's amphitheatre.

sang the sweet song, by Camoens,
whose every word is music, and
whose burthen is " Just like love!"
lie snn^ it admirably, and was rap-
turously encored.

We wish Mr. Horn would endea-
vour to speak a little louder; the
theatre is very small, but even those
who sat near the stage could scarcely
hear a word he uttered.

We are happy to find that vete-
ran actor Wewitzer engaged at this
theatre ; and we hope, as the pub-
lic seem so well disposed to patro-
nize the English Opera, and encou-
rage the native voices of their coun-
try, we shall see no more Antonios
sacrificed to the want of proper at-
tent ion to, and discrimination of, an
actor's abilities, which frequent
rehearsals must evince. We say
no more — we hate severity ; but we
are, and ever wish to be — impartial !

CIRCUS.

Though we have nothing new .to
record in the exhibitions at this ele-
gant place of summer amusement,
still it justly maintains a high rank
in the public estimation. Were it
indeed possessed of no other attrac-
tion, the brilliant talents, the re-
fined taste, and dramatic excellence
of an Elliston, would be abundantly
sufficient to draw the genteel and
overflowing audiences, which every
night attest the general approba-
tion of his exertions for the enter-
tainment of the public.

SADLER S WELLS.

The representations of this charm-
ing summer theatre continue to at-
tract every evening an elegant and
crowded audience, particularly the
Wild Man, which we have noticed
in our last number. When we wit-

nessed it some days ago, the audi-
ence seemed rather disappointed at
the absence of the favourite Gri-
maldi, and shewed many marks of
disapprobation ; which, however,
were soon turned into bursts of ap-
plause, by the excellent acting of
his pupil, who performed his part.
To our former observations we have
only to add, that, this entertaining'
theatre, though not upon such a
grand scale as those at Naples, Tu-
rin, and the grand opera-houses
that formerly existed at Dresden,
Sfutgardt, and Manheim, in some
of which a whole fleet could be re-
presented in the back ground ma-
noeuvring in the open sea, and in
the others, whole squadrons of horse
parading upon the stage, or in the
rear the view of a real camp; yet
we have our doubts, whether the
spectator could be more highly gra-
tified with those distant gigantic re-
presentations, than he must be with
the more near, more distinct, and
more pleasing aquatic performances
at Sadler's Wells.

ASTLEY's AMPHITHEATRE.

Though, at the close of this
month, the frequent departures for
various places in the country by our
fashionables, cannot alwaj/s ensure
a full house, yet we delight to
see the boxes of the Amphitheatre
still filled with a most genteel and
respectable audience; and, certain-
ly, the diversity of Mr. Astley's
amusements cannot fail of giving
pleasure. The Arab, by frequent
repetition, loses nothing of its in-
terest, and we are disposed to be
pleased with every part of it; yet
we hope we shall be pardoned if we
point out what we think a trifling
error. It is, undoubtedly, well

VATJXtf ALL.

199

known to us, that the horse of an
.Arab is his friend, his companion,
and beloved by him as a brother ;
that he sleeps often with him in his
tent, and is scarcely ever out of his
sight : but when the dresses are so
costly as they are here represented ;
■when the banqueting-chamber is so
superb, we think it would certainly
be better not to bring- in the free-
booter's chargers for the combat
into that apartment, and rise in-
stantly from the table " to horse!"
Though indeed, when we think of
the wonderful horses of Mr. Ast-
ley's equestrian school, it cannot
excite our astonishment if they are
made the chief object of his atten-
tion. The performance of Mr.
Smith on that nobh animal, is al-
most beyond credibility ; his fc
in appearance, is rather athletic
than agile ; but his marvellous elas-
ticity, his ease, his grac*, and un-
daunted feats of horsemanship, we
may declare unrivalled.
. The new harlequinade of The
Midnight Bell, or Harlequin Vic-
tim^ we think an excellent panto-
mime, and assert, with much plea-
sure, that we find in it but one
fault, that of being too short ! The
various changes and machinery are
incomparable; the gigantic figure
which strikes the midnight bell is
well executed and well imagined.
Laurent, as Pierrot, continually
improves : the comic song, with
the two wig-blocks transformed into
tall, female figures, is truly laugh-
able. Upon the whole, we have
never seen an harlequinade which
lias given us more amusement ; and
we think the Midnight Bell likely
to draw together numerous specta-

tors, for their own pleasure and the
manager's profit.

VAUXIIALL.

The galas this season have been
many, and the weather, consider-
ing the very chanceful summer we
experience, has been as favourable
for them as we could naturally ex-
pect : it was peculiarly fine on the
2d ult. ; when the sailing-match
for a silver cup, given annually by
the proprietors of these gardens, took
place.

We do not recollect a season
when more admirable vocal per-
formers have been engaged. Mr.
Dignum's vciee sounds better here
than on the stage ; Mis. Bland's,
even in common speech, is touch-
ed harmonious, and the sweet-
ness of her singing is peculiarly
::d'\pted to this scene.

On the evening of the 2d ult. we
were regaled with the imitative
powers of Miss Feron ; but, while
ihey excite our admiration, we can-
not help lamenting that those exer-
tiors will infallibly, in the end,
ruin her voice.

On the 14th ult. a fete was held
at these gardens, in honour of his
Royal Highness the Prince of
Wales. No attention or expence
were spared, by the managers, for
the public gratification. We re-
gret that the weather was unfavour-
able ; the place was, nevertheless,
well attended. The beautiful trans-
parent painting of the gallant Sir
Arthur Wellesley, was much ad-
mired. The music and singing
were, as usual, good; and a con-
certo on the oboe, by Mr. William
Parke, was exquisite.
Dd2

200

Plate 16.— THE BANK OF ENGLAND.

The annexed engraving exhibits
a view of that part of the Bank of
England which faces Lothbury*,
and it affords a good idea of the
great extent of the building appro-
priated to this national establish-
ment. It forms a portion of the
considerable additions, that have
lately been made to this edifice, and

* By a mistake of the engraver, the
inscription on the plate is Cuteaton-street
instead of Lothbury, which is merely a
continuation of the former.

that have only within a very short
time been exposed to public view.

As it is our intention to give ano-
ther view of this structure, taken
from a different point, we shall de-
cline entering, for the present, into
any details respecting this institu-
tion, which, for the magnitude of
its concerns, and the stability of its
credit, is without a rival. Such
particulars, historical and descrip-
tive, as we have been able to col-
lect concerning it, are designed to
accompany our second engraving,
in an early number.

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS.

In our last we expressed our
fears that the battle of Wagram
might be followed by some peace
or convention, which would give
more advantage to Bonaparte than
he could hope to gain by force of
arms. Our fears have, in this re-
spect, been realized. An armistice
for a month was concluded at Znaym
on the 12th, by which Austria gave
up the city of Presburgh, and the
citadels of Brunn and Gratz : she
also agreed to evacuate Tyrol, and
to leave its brave inhabitants at the
mercy of the enemy. This was pro-
bably one of the principal reasons
which induced Bonaparte to sign
the armistice. It has been stated
in the French papers, that a month,
which was the time appointed for
the duration of the armistice, would
be sufficient to suppress all the in-
surrections which had taken place
in ihe countries to be occupied by
the French armies ; that the occupa-
tion of Brunn, and the high road to

Hungary, cutoff all communication
between that country and Bohemia ;
and that, therefore, if Austriashould
resolve on the renewal of the war,
her grand army could have no re-
sources to rely on, either for re-
cruits or provisions, but what Bo-
hemia could afford ; and that such
feeble means were completely ina-
dequate to so great a war, and
against a power which commanded
such extensive resources. Such
have been avowed to be the calcu-
lations of France in granting the
armistice. What have been the cal-
culations of Austria in demanding
it, we are at present unable to judge,
as we have no Austrian statements
upon the subject. It must, how-
ever, be supposed, that it was with
a view of negociating for a defini-
tive peace. The negociations have
been since going on, but, as yet,
the parties appear by no means
agreed upon the terms. The 30th
bulletin of the French army, dated

Ed h

.RETROSPECT OP POLITICS.

201

on the 30th day of July, has now
appeared, and it is perfectly silent
about the probability of peace : it
shews, however, that, on that day,
neither power had given the stipu-
lated notice of fifteen days to ter-
minate the armistice. The report
which prevails at the time that we
are making these observations, is,
that the demands of Bonaparte have
been so extremely unreasonable,
that Austria is resolved not to sub-
mit to them, but to try again the for-
tune of arms. If such really be the
determination of Austria, we should
by no means despair of her success.
Her exertions in the present war
have been much greater than could
have been expected ; and it must
be recollected that, in that hard-
contested, and nearly drawn battle
at Wagram, Bonaparte had the
whole of his armies of Germany,
Italy, and Dalmatia, united ; where-
as, on the other side, the Archduke
John, and the insurrection of Hun-
gary, were not engaged ; neither
was Count Giula}', who appears to
have collected a very respectable
army in Lower Austria. If Bona-
parte could have been but balanced
at Wagram or the neighbourhood of
Vienna, he would have been soon
surrounded by regular and irregu-
lar armies of superior force. The
position of Austria is certainly much
worse than it was immediately after
the battle of Wagram ; because, by
the terms of the armistice, the
French have been allowed to cut off
the communication between Hun-
gary and Bohemia, which renders
it extremely difficult for Austria to
bring the whole of her physical
force into the contest. It is in vain
for us, however, to go to any length
of speculation upon what has only
come in the shape of a report, at

the time that our observations are
given to the press. A very short
time must determine whether the
armistice is likely to end in a peace,
or whether the war is to be renewed.

A circumstance has occurred in
the present campaign which may
be productive of future consequen-
ces of the greatest importance. The
Emperor Alexander chose to leave
the burden and danger of the war
entirely to his ally, Napoleon, while
he made a display of executing his
part of the treaty by sending an
army into Gallicia, where his ge-
nerals appointed such governors as
they thought proper. In the mean
time, the Polish general, Prince
Poniatowski, took possession of eve-
ry part of Gallicia through which
his army passed, in the name of the
French emperor. The Austrian,
eagles were every where taken down,
and those of France erected in their
stead . The Russian general, Prince
Gallitzin, has sent to Petersburg!!
for instructions how to act upon the
occasion. There can be no doubt
that the Polish general acted in pur-
suance of orders received from the
French emperor ; and when we re-
collect how deeply the Emperor
Paul resented our taking Malta in
our own name, we may reasonably
hope that Alexander will also re-
sent the occupation of Gallicia by
Napoleon, as he naturally consi-
dered that province as his share of
the spoils of Austria. The conquest
of Turkey appears to be the grand
and leading object of the policy of
the Russian emperor ; but it is not
to be supposed that Bonaparte will
view with indifference any great ac-
cession to the power of his brother
emperor.

The war is now actually raging
in the heart of Turkey ; and if that

202

RETROSPECT OP POLITICS.

great empire is now to be dismem-
bered, the partition of it is likely to
engage a principal share of the at-
tention of Napoleon, and to require
him to keep a considerable part of
his armies in the eastern parts of
Europe, If he should not be able
(as we trust he will not) to break
down the power of Austria, that
country will always be a most re-
spectable rival. Notwithstanding
the disappointment which we felt,
that the glorious battle of Aspern
should produce no better results
than the armistice of Znaym, yet
it must be confessed that Austria
lias exerted herself most nobly, and
that she collected an army at Wa-
gram which was barely inferior to
the whole collected and concen-
trated force which Bonaparte was
able to bring into the field. The
contest, however, was certainly glo-
rious for Austria ; and notwith-
standing the enemy remained mas-
ters of the hard -contested field, yet
no honour has been lost on the part
of Austria: but, on the contrary,
after all her reverses, and after the
battle, she has now a larger army
in the field, and appears more able
to balance the grand army of Bo-
jiaparte, than at any former period.
The French emperor, who, in the
beginning of the war, threatened
to reduce Austria to a level with
Bavaria, and who would only ac-
knowledge her imperial family as
princes of the . house of Lorraine,
now acknowledges the Emperor of
Austria : and although he may de-
mand exorbitant and unreasonable
terms of peace, yet he does not talk
in the same menacing style ; but,
on the contrary, speaks of indem-
nifying her in the east for the ces-
sions he requires from her on her

western frontier. Such has already
been the good effect of the spirit
displayed by Austria.

While the armistice has suspend-
ed the operations of war between
France and Austria, a new war has
taken place on the Continent, and
Great Britain lias at length brought
her forces fairly into the field. —
When we recollect that the only
reason assigned by Russia for her
alliance with France, was, that
Great Britain had not supported
her in the war, Ave think it likely
that a very great sensation will
be produced abroad, when it is
known that the military force of
Great Britain is now added to what-
ever is contending against Bona-
parte on the Continent. In Hol-
land, Spain, and before Naples,
England has 90,000 men in the field ;
and we may say, without a boast,
that better troops are not in Europe.
The annals of modern warfare ex-
hibit nothing more glorious than
the victory gained at Talavera by
Sir Arthur Welleslcy, over more
than double the number of French
troops, commanded by Joseph Bo-
nn parte in person, aided by the
celebrated Marshal Jourdan, and
also by Marshal Victor and General
Sebastiani. The details of this glo-
rious action are now before all Eu-
rope. It is known that about
20,000 British troops withstood the
repeated attacks of near 50,000
Frenchmen for two days, and final-
ly and completely repulsed them
with considerable loss ; and thai the
victors took twenty pieces of can-
non and five standards. No mis-
representations of the enemy can
prevent this fact from being known
to Europe ; and all nations will
judge, from this specimen, how

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS.

203

powerful a support the Continent
may receive from 90,000 troops of
the same materials as those that
fought at Talavera.

We cannot doubt (hat the victory
of Talavera will produce the hap-
piest effects throughout all Spain ;
and that no other sentiment will pre-
vail in that country, but a wish to
emulate the heroic conduct of her
allies, and to shew England that
Spain is worthy of her friendship.
If such a spirit should generally be
diffused over Spain, we should have
no fears in this quarter from any
force which Bonaparte can possibly
detach from his grand army, which
we think must, for a considerable
time longer, be employed, as it has
been since the battle of Austcrlitz,
in watching Germany.

At the time that these observa-
tions were prepared for the press,
we had no news from the grand
expedition since the capture of
Flushing. Although the taking of
the island ofWalcheren was only
the first step of the plan for which
this grand armament was sent, yat
it must be allowed that it is of it-
self a very important conquest. —
Such value did the French attach
to the possession of the island, that
it had above 7,000 French troops
for its defence. More than (3,000
have been made prisoners, and about
1000 wounded were sent over to the
island of Cadsand before Flushing
was invested- We must, therefore,
acknowledge the capture of Wal-
cheren to be an important success
already gained by our grand army}
and we have the strongest hopes of
its being followed by still greater

advantages. "Whether the successes
of our army in this quarter will pro-
duce the same effect on Germany as
we are convinced the battle of Tala-
vera will upon Spain, is a subject
of considerable doubt. We think
the continuance of the armistice, or
its termination, will depend on other
causes. — It is now confidently re-
ported, that the Austrian army was
much dissatisfied at the conduct of
the Archduke Charles, in not mak-
ing the victory at Aspern more
decisive and complete ; and that
Prince John of Lichtenstein, who
distinguished himself greatly at that
battle, has now the chief command
of the Austrian army. Notwith-
standing the high respect which we
have always entertained for the
Archduke Charles, our hopes for
Austria would be increased, if that
report should be confirmed. The
reason of our feeling on this subject
is the same that Demosthenes for-
merly gave to the Athenians. " If
every thing had been done which
ought to have been done, and still
the country was reduced to a de-
sperate situation, the case would be
hopeless ; but if it be discovered
that every thing was not done which
ought to have been done, then, by
avoiding such mistakes in future,
the country might hope for better
success." It is certainly of much
more consequence to the world, that
the affairs of Austria should be en-
trusted to the hands that are consi-
dered the ablest, than that the mi-
litary reputation of any general
should be extolled beyond his real
merit.

204

MEDICAL REPORT.

An account of the diseases which
have occurred in the reporter's own
practice from the 15th of July to
the 15th of August, 1809:

Acute diseases. — Fever, 4... Scar-
let fever and sore throat, 6 — In-
flammation of the lungs, 1.... Acute
rheumatism, S.... Catarrh, 2. ...Ery-
sipelas, 2.... Hooping cough, 3 —
Cholera, 2 Acute diseases of in-
fants, 7.

Chronic diseases. — Asthenia, 12
....Cough and dyspnoea, 18....Pleu-
rodyne, 6.... Marasmus, 3.... Pul-
monary consumption, 6. ...Asthma,
1 Chronic rheumatism, 8... Lum-
bago, 3. ...Sciatica, 1 — Palsy,2....
Epilepsy, 1 ....Cephalalgia, 7 ....
.Dyspepsia, 7... Gas-

Jaundice, 2.
trodynia, 8
Hepatitis, 1.

sy, 6.... Dysentery ,

.. Enterodynia, 3....
.Diarrhoea, 5...Drop-
2. ...Dysure, 3
> .Hoemorrage, 4 — Cutaneous dis-
eases, 3.... Female complaints, 10.

The weather, during the last
month, has been extremely variable,
cold, and showery. Notwithstand-
ing this circumstance, the season is
favourable to health. On compar-
ing the present with the preceding
list, the number of diseases will be
found to have diminished. Patients
affected with consumptive, and pul-
monary, and rheumatic complaints,
have suffered the most ; but the in-
habitants of London, and indeed of
all large cities, enjoy a greater ex-
emption from disease, when the
summer is cold, even if it is also
accompanied with much rain.

The case of hepatitis was that dis-
ease of the liver, termed, by Sau-
vages, hepatitis obscura. The pa-
tient had been reduced, from afflu-

ent circumstances, to a state of po-
verty, and her declining health
was attributed to that cause. She
became thoughtful and dejected ;
her appetite failed, and she com-
plained of tension in the abdomen,
with a pain in the right side, ex-
tending upwards towards the pit of
the stomach, at which part she fre-
quently experienced an unpleasant
burning sensation. Her strength de-
clined ; and when she applied for
relief, she was somewhat emaciated,
with a sallow complexion, and care-
worn countenance. At first, the
medicines seemed to afford some
benefit : but a few grains of calomel
having affected her mouth, she
could not be prevailed upon to per-
severe ; and soon afterwards refused
all nourishment, taking nothing but
cold water for the week preceding
her death. On inspecting her body,
at the request of her friends, the li-
ver was found considerably enlarg-
ed, projecting over to the left side ;
the surface was knotty and irregu-
lar, the edges schirrous, and the sub-
stance tubercular ; an unusually
large gall-stone was contained in
the gall-bladder. The origin of
liver complaints is often obscure,
and they are suffered to proceed for
a length of time without being sus-
pected. When, therefore, the symp-
toms unequivocally declare them-
selves, the disease is firmly esta-
blished in the system, and fre-
quently defies all attempts at cure.
This indicates the necessity of ob-
serving, with jealous attention, the
first deviations, from health, and of
combating the enemy on his earliest
approaches.

S05

AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

The heavy and continued rains,
in the early part of this month, have
beaten down the corn of every de-
scription, in the midland counties,
upon the deep fertile soils : the bar-
leys in particular are much shocked
and twirled about by the succeed-
ing storms, from which the ears
have been blown into clusters, and
by their accumulated weight have
pressed the straw to the ground, and
in some degree excluded the air, so
as to prevent their drying between
succeeding showers: this, with the
continued rains in the middle of the
month, has caused the barley to be
very much hedge-grown before it
was cut.

The wheats in the southern coun-
ties are slightly grown in the shock,
or stook ; but, in the north, there is
not much cut. The oats being more
liable to fail out, than to grow in
the ear, are not much injured, but
have made plenty of food for the
stubble geese.

Beans are a good average crop,
but will require some dry frosty
weather to prepare them for the cart.

Peas are in abundance, and the
early ones tolerably well harvested ;
but the late sown have run very
much (o halm, and will also require

dry weather before they will be in
a good state to collect. Upon the
whole the weather of this month
has not been so favourable to the
harvest as could have been wished.

The potatoe is a large crop, \ery
fine, and particularly free from the
rand.

The turnips, cabbage, colcworfs,
and all the brassica species, have
grown most luxuriantly.

The aftermath, or second crop
clovers, are very great, but the Avea-
ther has been unfavourable for the
seed. The natural grasses will pro-
duce an abundance of food, and will
be the means of furnishing us with.
plenty of butcher's meat at Christ-
mas.

The corn markets have been on
the rise in consequence of the un-
favourable weather.

The mildew has made rapid pro-
gress in the wheat in some particu-
lar places ; but it is not so general
as might, from the state of the atmo-
sphere, have been expected. The
farmer is loth to cut his wheat in
wet weather, although, in this state,
the injury he receives from mildew,
while he waits for it to be dry, more
than counterbalances the trouble
and risk of the corn jrrowino-.

Plate 19.— FASHIONABLE FUlUlITURE.

Is the observations with which we
prefaced the description of the furniture
represented in our last number, we allud-
ed to the surprising revolution which has,
of late years, taken place in every article
of domestic convenience or necessity in
that line. This extraordinary improve-
ment is no less strikingly illustrated by
(hose elegant, ingenious, and commodious
contrivances which have superseded the

No. IX. Vol II.

clumsv and noisy cradles, in which in-
fants used to be rather jolted than soothed
to sleep.

The annexed engraving exhibits a swing
cot-bed for an infant, equally novel and
elegant. This article may be completed
in a plainer manner, or/ as here repre-
sented, in a very handsome and superb
style, standing on a mahogany base,
the two uprights of mahogany, richly
Ee

206

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

carved and gilded, supporting the swing
cot, which moves with the greatest ease,
and lulls the infant to sleep without the
least noise. This is covered with green
calico, rich silk, or satin, tastefully orna-
mented with Persian fringe, tassels, &c.
A simple throw-over furniture, en suite
with the cover of the cot, bordered and

fringed, is carelessly thrown over the top
bearer, and regulated at pleasure. As a
necessary appendage, is represented a
Grecian nursery chair, in a mahogany
carved frame, French stuffed, and covered
with corresponding furniture to the cot-
bed.

ALLEGORICAL WOOD-CUT, WITH PATTERNS OF BRITISH

MANUFACTURE.

Nos. 1 and 2 exhibit a new and elegant
pattern for furniture, such as curtains,
drapery, beds, lounges, sofas, &c. &c.
■ — Its lively and appropriate union of
shades does high credit to the acknow-
ledged taste of Mr. Allen, No. 61, Pali-
Mall ; whose furniture - warehouse ex-
ceeds, in variety, novelty, and elegance,
most of the shops in this line. Our read-
ers will perceive, that the linings best
adapted to display this furniture print to
advantage, are light green, or blue, with
a deep fancy fringe of happily blend-
ed shades. We have seen a most ele-
gant French bed of this furniture, with
light blue drapery ; and a boudoir fitted
up with green linings and draperies, with
variegated fringe and tassels, possessing
infinite chasteness of design, and anima-
tion in effect.

No. 3. An imperial jonquil gause, or
Spanish net, calculated particularly for
the higher order of robes. It must invaria-
bly be disposed over white satin, orsars-
net, with correspondent embellishments ;
and, with this colour, the trinkets can
only, with propriety, consist of diamonds,

pearl, or white beads. Less determined co-
lours admit a larger sphere for individual
choice, as to ornaments. The melon sleeve
and front, composed of double layers of
white satin, and the net, cut on the cross,
arc uncommonly well adapted for the dis-
playing this article to advantage. It is
I wide, and 5s. per yard, — and may be
purchased at any of the principal silk-
mercers in town.

No. 4 is a unique article in silk strip-
ed quilting, combining much delicacy
and utility ; and which the inventor,
after much labour, and considerable ex-
pence, has brought to its present high
state of perfection, at his manufactory in
the north of England. It possesses the
recommendation of great durability, and
is, altogether, the most elegant and novel
article for fancy waistcoats, which has
lately appeared. The pattern here of-
fered, is particularly well adapted to the
summer brown or blue coats, now worn
by our men of fashion. It is sold by
Messrs. John and James Baylis, No. 2 1 5,
Strand, 12s. per yard, J wide.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

BANKRUPTCIES.

The Solicitors' Names are between Pafsnthetet.

Affleck J. Kcnnington-cross, plumber
(Turner, Edward street, Cavendish-square

Allsopp J. Minche»ter, »ilk-weav«r (Ker- Waller, Spital »quare
"•t, Thaviesinn I

Anderson J. Cannon st. merchant (Swain,
Stevens, and Mayles, Old Jewry

Andrus F. Brighton, victualler (Barber,
Chancery lane

Beck S. St. Mary Axe, jeweller (Colling and

%\yt ^Repository

Of Arts, Literature, Commerce, Manufactures, Fashions, and Politics,

Manufacturers, Factors, and Wholesale Dealers in Fancy Goods, that come
within the scope of this Plan, are requested to send Patterns of such new Articles,
as they come out; and if the requisites of Novelty, Fashion, and Elegance, are
united, the quantity necessary for this Magazine will be ordered.

R. Ackermann, 101, Strand, London

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

Baker G. City road, eoachmaker (Hudson,
Winkworth buildings, City road

Blackburn VV. Aldersgate street, watch-
•pring-maker (Bond, East India chambers,
Leadeuhall stieet

Browne E. Bradford, Wilts, clothier (Tar-
rant, Chancery lane

Bury R. C. Salford, Lancashire, merchant
(Ellis, Chancery lane

Chorley J. Beer lane, London, merchant
(Walker, Old Jewry

Clarkson H. Liverpool, porter-dealer (Rlack-
•tock, St. Mildred's court, Poultry

Co I lard H. R. George street, York buildings,
coal-merchant (Bacon, Southampton street,
Covent garden

Collins W. Bristol, innkeeper (Nethersole
and Portal, Essex street, Strand

Cooper R. Paradise street, Mary-le-bone,
plaisterer, (Upstone, Charles street, Cavendish
square

Coward H. Leather lane, Holborn, ware-
houseman (Price and Williams, Lincoln's inn

Cowley E. Threadneedle street, merchant
(Dawes, Angel court, Throgmorton street

Cozins W. Buckingham, cabinet - maker
(Sandys and Horton, Crane court, Fleet street

Curtis W. Hosier lane, West Smithtield,
talesman (Lee, Castle street, Holborn

Custins S. T. Bishopsgate street, glover
(Barrow, Threadneedle street

Dean J. Langley, Chester, corn-dealer (Win-
die, John street, Bedford row

Dixon T. Bath, chinaman (Sheppard and
Adlington, Bedford row

Dumelow J. Hinckley, Leicester, grocer
(Chapman, St. Mildred's court, Poultry

Eldin G. Aldgate, jeweller (M'Michael,
Finch lane, Cornhill

Elsden J. Newmarket, carpenter (Cooper,
Cambridge

Fisher J. Pi iestfield, York, clothier (Scott,
Furnival's inn

Forrester J. Lane-end, Stafford, manufac-
turer of earthen-ware (Walthall and Ward,
Newcastle-under-Lyne

Foxall W. Edmonton, coach-master (Pliil-
lipson and Brewer, Staple's inn

Gill J. C. Smallburgh, Norfolk, grocer
(Windus, Son, and Holtaway, Chancery lane

Gledstanes G Salisbury street, Strand, wine
merchant (Hackett, Chancery lane

Gough J. Exeter, dealer (Williams and
Brooks, Lincoln's inn

Hall W. W. Henrietta street, Hackney road,
bookseller (Hutson, Wellclpse square

Hart T. Bristol, wharfinger (James, Gray's
inn square

Hawkesley J. Arnold, Notts, merchant (Sey-
mour and Montrion, Margaret street, Caven-
dish square

Haywood J. Glocester, haberdasher (Raw-
linson, Old South Sea house

Holmes W. Kushall, Stafford, maltster
(Hunt, Surry street, Strand

Hood E. Eastbourne, coal merchant, (Lan-
gridg.- and Kelt, Lewes

HoiTOcks J. Choriton row, Manchester,
hawker (Ellis, Chancery lane

Horsley R. Elder street, Spitdlfields (Price
and Williams, Lincoln's inn

Howard T. Dean street, Southwark, corn-
factor (Ellis, James street, Buckingham gate
Hudson W. Stapleton, Glocester, maltster
(James, Gray's inn square

Humphrey J. Wardour Street, boot and
shoemaker (Mills, Vine street, Piccadilly

Jameson S. Reading, dealer and chapman
(Eyre and Morton, Gray's inn

Jamieson R. W. Brown, and J. Main, Castle
court, Budge row, merchants (Setree, St.
Mary Axe

Jones R. Albion street, Blackfriars road,
merchant (Turner, Edward street, Cavendish
square

Jones R. D. Cheltenham, linen-draper
(Bennet, Dean's court, Doctors' Commons

Joyce R. Lamb's Conduit street, tailor
(Williams, Staple's inn

Landbeck G. W. Old Bethlem, broker (Wil-
son, Devonshire street, Bishopsgate

Leviek C. High street, Shadwell, straw-
hat-manufacturer (Tucker, Bartlett's buildiugs
Holborn

Lolley W. M. Liverpool, rectifier (Avison,
Liverpool

Maddock E. and W. Delamore, Liverpool,
corn-dea'ers (Windle, John st. Bedford row

Mitchell, New Sleaford, Lincoln, grocer
(Wilson, Greville street, Hatton garden

Murray T. Paternoster row, Spitalfields,
shoe-manufacturer (White, Lincoln's inn

NewsteadT. and J. O. Cooke, Hull, soap-
manufacturers (Stocker, Furnival's inn

Norman J. Strood, Kent, ironmonger (Au-
brey, Took's court, Cursitor street

Packer G. Northleach, Glocester, corn-
dealer (Meredith and Robins, Lincoln's inn

Pocklington R. Winthorpe, Notts, and W.
Dickinson, Newark, bankers (Pearce and Son,
St. Swithin's lane

Powell E. Birmingham, japanncr (Kinder-
ley, Long, and Ince, Holborn court, Gray'a
inn

Purnell C. Lympsham, Somerset, coal-mer-
chant (Blake, Cook's court, Carey street

Ratclifl'e W. Exeter, baker (Williams and
Darke, Prince's street, Bedford row

Ridings P. Manchester, fustian-dealer —
(Fouikesand Longdill, Gray's inn

Roberts J. Nottingham, hosier (Macdoug.il
and Hunter, Lincoln's inn

Russell J. Altham mills, Blackburn, Lanca-
shire (liattye, Chancery lane

Shaipe C. Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, mer-
chant (Austins, Temple

Shaw J. Wapping Wall, provision-merchant
(Wilde, jun. Castle street, Falcon square

Simmons B late of Newcastle street, Strand,
shoemaker, but now in the King's. Bench (Jen-
nings and Collier, Carey street

Stuart, Rotherhithe,' apothecary (Seward,
Rotherhithe

Swun R. Liverpool, confectioner (Blackstock,
St. Mildred's court, Poultry

TeagueJ. Coalpit Bank, Wombridge, Salop,

huckster | B.nbow and Hope, Stone buildings

Towers, J. Walsall, Stafford, whip-thong-

inanufuturer (Turner and Pike, Bloomsbury

square

Unwin S. Disley, Chester, shopkeeper (Ellis,
Chancery lane

Ec2

2GS

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

DIVIDENDS.
Abrahams S. Sandwich, linen-draper, Sept.
l6 — Agnew J. Grosvenor sq. banker, Sept. 2 —
Aires, W. Fenchuich street, bootmaker, Aug
2t> — Allen W. Cliandos street, shoemaker,
Aug 22 — Almond J. Pickett street, haber-'
dasher, Oct. 2 J,— Anderson R. Guilford street,
and Oid Pay-office, Broad street, merchant,
Nov. 11 — Anderson A, and D. Robertson,
Coleman street, merchants, Nov 7 — Andrews
G. Mark lane, ship-broker. Aug. 5 — Askew J.
and W. Wright, Bridge street, Blackfriars,
straw-hat-ma lufacturers, Oct. 24—- Austin T.
Chester, coach' proprietor, Aug. au — Axford
£. T. Toihill street, Westminster, haberdash-
er, July 28 — Bacon J. Sutton-in-Ashfkld,
Notts, cotton-spinner, Aug.' 16 — Baker S.
Southwark, upholsterer, Aug. 19 — Baker G.
Tatfield, Durham, spirit-merchant, Aug. 21
— Bass J. Tcignmouth, Devon, shipwright,
Aug. 29 — Beetson H. G. Gray's inn square,
inoney-scrivener, Sept 9 — Beswick G. Ports-
mouth, tavern-keeper, Sept. 14 — Biggs P.
Glocester terrace, Cannon street road, auc-
tioneer, Sept. 2 — Binns W. Wakefield, brick-
layer, Sept. 5 — Bischall J. Liverpool, butcher,
Sept 5— Bishop M. R. and W. Cambridge,
woollen- drapers, Nov. 7 — Bloxham W. New
road, St. George's in the East, cooper, Nov.
i 1 — Boyle R. seu. and jun. and W. Siott, Love
lane, East Cheap, merchants, Aug. 29 — Bold-
ron J. Strand, cheesemonger, Nov. 7 — Booth J.
sen. Ho;come Brook, Bury, Lancaster, cotton-
manufacturtr, Sept. 8— Bradshaw J. Hanger-
ford, Wilts, maltster, Aug. 22 — Bracing J.
Newport, isle of Wight, carpenter, Sept. ]6
— Breakspear J. Oxford street, silversmith,
5?cpt. 5 — Bressit J. Alfreton, Derby, mercer,
Aug. 15 — Brooker J. C. Poultry, haberdasher,
Aug. 2ti — Bruce R. Bartholomew lane, insur-
ance-broker, Sept. 16-— Bruce J. Hull, master
mariner, Sept. 9 — Bucknell J. Newcastle,
Stafford, liquor-merchant, Aug. 23 — Bullock
J. Scott's yard, Bush lane, wine-merchant,
Nov. 14 — Busigny V. and J. Rothwell, Liver-
pool, merchants, Aug. 29 — Butcher H. Hythe,
J£i nt, saddler, Oct. 28 — Capper W. Holborn
hill, linen-draper, Aug. 29 — Cause J. Great
Wakeriug, Essex, shopkeeper, Aug. 12 —
Chambers W. Lincoln, furrier, Aug. 17 — Chin-
nery F. Cranbourne passage, Leicester square,
linen-draper, Nov. 16 — Christian A High st.
Mary le bone, pawnbroker, Sept. 2 — Cock J.
D. and J. Pitchers, Norwich, wine-merchants,
Aug. L'l. — Cockerill M. Curtain road, Shore-
ditch, chair-manufacturer, Sept. 9— Collins
A. Mile-em! road, ship-owner, Aug. 26 — Coi;-
nop J. and C. Lr Newton, Red Lion street,
Spitalfields, dyers, Aug. 19 — Corson J. Minc-
ing lane, merchant, Aug. 12 — Cox B. Stour-
bridge, Worcester, timber-merchant, Sept. 12
— Crofts J. Great Trcll, Axminster, Devon,
horse-dealer, Oct. l.;8 — Caossley J. Halifax,
and King's street, London, merchant, Sept. 2rj
— Crump T. Westminster road, tinman, Oct.
31 — Curl' W. Upper East Smithfield, pbeese-
mong( r,Sept. 2 — DamataT. Teddiugtou, Mid-
dlesex, maltster, Sept 2 — Dan'n W. T. and E.
Benthain and J. Balkie, Chatham and Shecr-
ncss. ba.ikcrs, Sept. 1 0 — Larby W. Hexton,

Hertford, butcher, Sept. 16 — Dawson J. Tot-
tington, Bury, Lancaster, Sept. 8 — Delahoyde'
C. Esher, Surry and Haymarket, rectifying
distiller, Aug. 29— Denison J. W. A. Phelps
andG. Williams, Friday street, warehousemen,
Sept. 16 — DennisonJ. Queen street, Oxford st.
carcase-butcher, Aug. 19 — He Pi ado J. Lime
stre* t, lead-merchant, Aug. 8 — Dickinson W.
Hi.li, woollen draper, Sept. 12 — Dodd J. Pall
Mall; Aug. 26 — Dodds J. Commercial Cham-
bers, Minories, ship-broker, Aug. 19 — Dutton
VV. Liverpool, grocer, Sept. 6 — Edgar J. New
Sarum, Wilts, surgeon, Sept. 11 — Edwards E:
Liverpool, butcher, Aug. 26 — Elliott J. ami J.
T. Dagnali, Upper East Smithfield, fiax-
dressers, Sept. 2.3 — Ewbank J. Bucklersbury,
warehouseman, Oct 31 — Fall G. and J. Hutch-
inson, Tooley street, brewers, Sept. 16 — Field
G. Bath, hatter, Sept. 12 — Field C. Portsea,
tailor, Nov. 4 — Fisher F. G. Brighton, hook-
seller, Nov. 16 — Flack J London road, St.
George's fields, coach-smith, Oct 23 — Fogg
It. jun. New Bond street, chinaman, Sept. 20
— Fry J. New Coulstone street, Whitechapel,
sugar-refiner, Sept 16 — Gardner W. Luton,
Bedford, sack-manufacturer, Aug. 12 — Gibbs
J.Hailsham, Sussex, innkeeper, Sept. 26 — Gla-
zier E. Lea bridge, Middlesex, publican, Sept.
16 — Goss T. Hackney road, apothecary, Nov.
14 — Greenwood J. and VV. Grim aid i, Old Bond
street, auctioneers, Nov. 7 — Griffin W. Great
Sutton street, Clerkenwell, cabinet-maker,
Aug. 22 — Grover W. Town Mailing, Kent,
grocer, Nov. 14 — Ham W. Cow cross, brass-
founder, Sept. 16 — Ham W. and \V. Aust,
Cow cross, brass-founders, Sept so — Hamil-
ton A. and D. Haliburton, Oxford street, linen-
drapers, Sept; 2-6 — Hanslip W. Stradbrooke,
Suffolk, tanner, Aug 4 — Harris J. Redman's
row, Miie-end, cooper, Aug. 26 — Harrison G.
and .!. Watson, Noble-street, hosiers, Nov. 11

— Heslop Ur. Long- Acre, man's- mercer, Aug.
29 — Heslop R. ChisweH street, painter, Sept. 9
• — Hohson R. Sausfhorpe, Lincoln, dealer,
Oct. 3-- Holder J, Painswrck, Glocester, batch-
er, Aug. 24 — Hogg J. and E.Holmes, Sher-
borne lane, merchants, Oct. 31 — Holland J.
Cheapside, haberdasher, Sept. 16 -Horn W.
and R. Jackson, Southwark, rectifying dis-
tillers, Nov. 7 — HouQsom J. Fleet-street, linen-
draper, Sip!. 2 — Howe J. Walcot, Somerset,
grocer, Sept. 18 — Hull T. Bath, carrier, Aug,
30 — Humble J. South Shields, Durham, linen-
draper, Aug. 12 — Humpbryes-T. Cheltenham
place, St. George's fields, horse-dealer, Sept. 2

— Hunter J. Great Newport street, haberdash-
er, Ngv. 14 — Button W. jun. Fremington, De-
von, lime-burner, Aug. 24 — Huxley, late of
Foster lane, but now a prisoner in the Fleet,
wholesale glover, Aug. 31 — Jefferies H. Mel-
combe Regis, Dorset, linen-draper, Sept. 26 — -
Jefferson R. Huil, woollen-draper, Sept. 12 —
JeyesJ. Upper East Smithfield, oilman, Oct,
31 — Johnson J. Clifton, Glocester, eoach-mak-
er, Aug. 7 — Jones C. Liverpool, merchant,
Sept, "»-— Kccne D. Aldersgate. street, cabinet-
maker, Aug. ~i — Kenuey A. Bristol, milliner,
Av^. 26—' Kidd D. Berwick upon Tweed, linen-
draper, Sept. 7 — Knight W. Stonebreaks, Sad-
ulewortb, York^ clothier, Sept. 82 — Kaowltorj

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

209

C. Bristol, linen-diaper, Nov T8 — Lane S. W.
Davies street, Berkeley square, coach- maker,
July 29 — Lawrence R. New Windsor, brick-
layer, Aug. 5 — Leo J Maiichesterj merchant,
Nov, 14 — Levin B. B. Great Alie street, mer-
chant, Aug 26 — Lomas H. L. Thrognserton
street, insurance-broker, Sept 23 — LoneG.
Grange road, Bermondsey, dr.y Salter, Sept 16
— Lowe W. Drnvy la.ie, cabinet-maker, Aug
12 Sept 23 — Luli'imm J Alfred buildings,
Mo'orfields, printer, Sept 16 — Lussman L. J.
New street, Bishopbgate, merchant, Oct 28 —
Lund C. L. Old Jewry, factor, Sept 26— Mab-
liott YV\ jun. Nottingham, hosier, Aug iQ —
Mackenzie R. Kind's Anns yard, merchant,
Aug 26 — Mann J. Warwick, grocer, Aug 21 —
Marshall T. Scarborough, vintner, Sept 12 —
Martinnant P. St. James's street, warehouse-
man, July 2H — Mason W Back street, Horsley
Down, victualler, Aug 12— Mason Vv. H. flart-
ly place, Kent road, paper-hanger, Oct 31 —
Mason W. Hartly place, Kent road, brandy-
merchant, Oct 31 — Mathews R and T. Jones,
Aberystwilh, Cardigan, Aug 2s — Mayor T.
Liverpool, stationer, Aug 28 — M'Carfhy G. P.
and R. W. Vaughan, Bristol, tailors, Aug 26
■ — Mead F. L. and E. Lewis, Holies street,
Cavendish square, milliners, Nov U — Mercer
H.,and J. Forshaw, Liverpool, merchants,
Sept 7 — Meredith It. Oxford street, linen dra-
per, Aug' 29 — MetcalfeJ. and J. Jeyes, Upper
Ea it Smithneld, oilmen, Oct 31— Miller T. il-
i, Essex, dealer and chapman, Sept 2 —
Milliar H. Haymarket, umbrella-maker .Sept 2
■ — Moffat E. Warminster, Wilts, grocer, Aug
21 — Moore J. 51. Little Tower hill, chart-sel-
ler, Aug 22 — Moore 1>. Lenham, Kent, late
purser of the Sir Stephen Lushington Eat In-
iliaman, Aug 30 — Morgan J. Enfield highway;
farmer, Oct 17 — Morgan R South Moltoa st.
coal-merchant, Sept 19 — Morgan T. Stour-
bridge, Worcester, druggist, Aug 19 — Mor-
tis-J. Greenwich, builder, Aug ic — Moses S.
Brighton, linen-draper, Nov 16 — M'Taggart
P. Suffolk lane, merchant, Nov it — Mure H.
R. and W. Fenchurch street, merchants, Aug
B — Myers T. D. Stamford, draper, Sept 21 —
Nolon G. E(erby, shopkeeper, Sept 30 — Oak-
ley F. Hereford, woo'stapler, Nov. 15 — Page
J. Bishopsgate street, haberdasher, !Nov28 —
Painter V\ . Mixbury, Oxford, farmer, Sept.
II — Parker J. Clithero, Lancaster, cotton-
spinner, Sept. 2 — Parr J O. and T. C. Patrick,
Suffolk lane, insurance-brokers, Sept 9 — Par-
sons J. sen, and jun, Ludgatehill, boo .
Sept g — later T. Shadwell High street, sur-
geon, Aug 22 — Perry, G. Liverpool, marble-

merchant, Sept 12 — Pclrie J Kcmpton, Mirl-
lesex, and J. Ward, Hauworth, Middlesex,
dealers and chapmen, Nov 13 — Phillips J. Bi-
cester, Oxfard, lines-draper, Nov 4 — Pick-
wood G. Cloak lane, wine-merchant, Aug 22
— Pinney J. Ponry street, St. James's, tarior,
Aug 12 — Powell J. arnlW. 13. Ormond, Bristol,
wine-merchants, Aug. 24 — Preston J. Baiton-
on-H umber, Lincoln, tanner, Sept 13 — Pur-
brick W. Glocester, linen-draper, Oct 24—
Rands T. Kami-stead, builder, Sept. 2(3 — Rci-
mer II. Catherine court, Tower hill, merchant,
Sept 16 — Riddiough, Liverpool, innkeeperj
Sept 4--Robinson N. E. Bond court, Walbnook,
merchant, Aug 22 -Rose W Earl's court, Ken-
sington, brewer^ Aug. 22 — Rdwntree R. Dry-
pool, Holderness, York, "miller, Sept. 5 — Rus-
sell T. Bingwbrth, Evesham, Worcester, sad-
dler, Sept 5 — Russell T. Persbore, Worcester,
r, Sept. 5 — Salter T. Trinity square,
Tower hill, merchant, Aug 5 — Sarqui A. J.
B:iry street, merchant, Sept 16 — Scotney W.
V. Oxford street, liheh- draper, Sept 16 — Shep-
herd G. Stanhope street, Clare market, wine-
mercliant, Aug2ti — ShodlbredJ. and W. Wil-
liams, Mark lane, merchants, Nov 13 — Sher-
win T. Tower street, wine-merc&ant, Nov.
4 — Shevili W. Burr street, Wapping, dealer,
July 20 — Shi'.cs E. Dilford, Devon, miller,
Aug 29 — Sisson J. Lombard streetj banker,
Sept 5 — Slater G. Liverpool, merchant, Aug
28 — Smith W. Plymouth, silversmith, Aug 16
— Smyth H. T. and J. LaSeelles, Mill lane,
Tooley street, coopers, Oct 17 — Sfubbs R.
Leek, Stafford, butcher, Aug. 25 — Talbot G.,
Edgware road, Nov 4 — Taylor J. Pagham,
Sussex, shopkeeper, Sept. 9 — Tinney W. Cam- ■
bridge, surgeon, Aug. 12 — Tire J. Loughtoo,
Bucks, farmer, Awg 16— Troutbeck C. Rath-
uone place, upholsterer, Nov 4 — •Tucker'W.
juu Exeter, sTSrge-manofacturer, Nov. 7—
Turner T. Liverpool, c"he< ■• vaoi ;.;■ r, Sept 15
— Uiquhart VV Sion Col gardens, mer-

chant, Aug 5 — Wakefield J. BOuvei'ie street,
wine-merchant, Nov 4 — Waybi-an J. and J.
Gerrard, Swan street, Minbriesj corn-factors,
Oct 17 — White T. Southwarkj haberdasher,
Nov. 7 — Whitehead W. Shaw Hall, Saddle-
v.orth, York, woollen-manufacturer, Sept. 2 —
Whitmsrsh D. Brokenhurst, Hants, shopkeep-
er, Aug 29 — WilliainS'W. Oxford street, linen-!
draper, (Jet. 24 — Williams W. Mark lane,
merchant, Nov 13 — Woihngton J. Brighton,
grocer, Sept 2 — Wraifigham W. Seething lane,
money-scrivener, Sept itj — Wright T Cow-
pet's ro>v, Cmtched Friars, broker, Oct 3tj

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212

We feel particular pleasure in presenting our readers with a Meteorological Journal,
conducted trj Thomas Hanson, Esq. of Manchester, a gentleman sufficiently known in
the scientific world, to need no commendation from us. To all those who have been in the

habit of paying attention to this subject, it must prove highly gratifying to possess a medium
of comparing the temperature, and oilier natural phenomena, of certain remote points of the
British Islands. It, therefore, appears desirable to add, if possible, to the tables of London
jmd Manchester, similar observations made either in Edinburgh or Glasgow, and in Dublin.
With this view we take the liberty of solieiiin^; th< a sistance of any gentlemen in those cities,
■who feel interested in the advancement cf (las branch of Hjfiifjufif. auu o< requesting them (o
furnish us regularly with monthly tables, drawn up on the same plan as that of Mr. Hanson,
inserted in our present number.
We have aiso subjoined the total Results of Mr. Hanson's Journal for the year i3C8,
which we purpose to continue annually.

RESULTS

Of the Buromeler and Thermometer, conducted at Man Ches-
ter, by Thomas Hanson, Esq.

IN THE YEAR 1S0S.

1S08.

January ■■■

i E Ki AKY.

March

April

May

Jus E

July

August

September
October ■■■■
November .
December .

Annual means

Annua! mean:
for I s >/ .

BAROMETER.

THERMOMETER

29,91 3O,04Jfi!,(Su
10,58129,18

J9,9dse,»« : (9

..;:><■ 30,3 428,80

29,7&aQ,i-< , 1

2C|,73 30,00 29,45

29,64 bo,i)4 m;3t>\

29.63 30,14 29,10 1
29,49 30,2sj28,; 0 I
29,67 30,25|2 I, 30

29.64 30,22|2J

,s:

!9>69

!9,0.1

3,7,23
3S,26

43,87
>6,6o

56,47!
.<

4S,(J4

Iff1

SIS'

IS"

5J5

•30

T->

4 8

.,■/

The greatest elevation of the barometer this year, ii
30,58; and the least, 28,70. — The range of these extremes
s J,88 inches. — The highest temperature, for the sain.: pe-
riod, i;;84t'; and the lowest, it;" . — Range, 65°. — 1 1 ;
temperature, for the six summer months, is08,°22; an
that for the winter, 39, '93.

A TABLE

Of the spaces described by the
mercury each month, determined
by summing up the several small
spaces asce.Bdejd and descended;
also the number of< I e ig s, from
ascent t<> descent, and the contra-
ry, each month; it being reckoned
a chunge when thespa.ee described
is f ; 1 v. arils of .ii.'! of ;iu inch.

\lfpuc. descriL
wy tlw liaro

\m inches.

Ian uary ..
February

March

April

.May

■ it N E

Jlj LY ... .*....".

AUG! 9T

E KBER

BER...

. MjER

EMBER

10,40
6,48

3,46
6,28
4,08
3,29
3^00
4,30
7,80
10,60
10,80
8,80

Xo. of

11 art

1!)

13
23
J t
12
21
12
9
12
1.)
13

Spac, «808 79,49

1/9

RESULTS
Of the Wind, at MANCHESTER, in the Year 1S08.

January....

E E15RLARY..

March

ApRil

May

June

July

August

September..
October

Nov EMBER.,

December..

Total

Tola! 1807

109

1.,,

5 *
•'' C

8*
82

87
90

81
8.',
89

181 33 .r>7 18 27b lie 210: 983 C4 Rain,&c.l8(>7l 33,043

1;SC.J807| 91,0.3

i ': • BLE
'(■/ the Rain', 0 :<i y,v. of wet Days

Rain.

Wet

FEBRII IRY.

March

April

May

Jl N E

July

August

September
October...
November.
December.

i,7<;o
1,475
,240
1,325
1,760
2,045

i to

2,165

2,710
3,320

3,105
1,790

27,09i

13
12
II
13
13
12
19
ID
9

N.B. The Rev. R. A. Singleton, of Blackley, makes the quantity of rain for 1808, 26,955
inches; and Mr. John Dalton, of Manchester, makes the quantity, for the same period,
31,l65 inches.

213
METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL,

Conducted, at Manchester, by Thomas Hanson, Esq.
FOR THE MONTH OF JULY, 1809.

1809.

Pressure.

imperature.

n 1
liaiUj \

Wind.

Weather.

JULY.

Max.

1 .in.

j Mean.

Max.

Min. 1 Mean.

• 1

29,65

29,60

29,625

72,0

54,o

63,00

fine

29,60

29,50

29,550

64,5

51,0

57,75

cloudy

N WM

29,50

29,32

29,4lo

57,0

52,0

49,50

rainy

.205

J> i«

N E"

29,45

29.32

29,385

59,5

47,5

53,50

showery

.195

29,60

29,45

29,525

62,5

46,0

54,25

showery

.025

29,75

29,60

29,675

65,0

52,"

58,50

showery

.090

N E

29,82

29,75

29,785

6/,5

52,5

60,00

showery

.180

•8

N E

29,88

29,82

29,850

71,5

52,5

62,00

fine

N E

29,85

29,80

29,825

67,5

51,0

59,25

fine

29,95

29,85

29,900

69,0

53,5

61,25

fine

N W

29,95

29,950

68,0

50,0

r.9,00

fine

$ 12

29,95

29,88

29,915

71,5

54,5

6«s,oo

cloudy

30,02

29,88

29,950

66,0

52,0

59,. 0

clear

s vr

30,02

29,95

29,985

69,5

52,5

61,00

clear

s \v

29,95

29,88

29,915

(,6,5

54,5

60,50

showery

S w

29,88

29,65

29,765

65,0

49,0

57,00

fine

\r .

29,70

29,5-

29,600

63,5

51,0

57,25

cloudy

29,82

29,7o

29,76:)

58,0

44,5

51,25

cloudy

29,90

29,82

29,860

6l,0

41,0

51,00

cloudy

(T 20

30,05

29,90

29,975

74,0

54,0

64,00

fine

S E

30,1 0

30,00

30,050

75,0

59,5

67,25

fine

30,00

29,85

29,925

68,5

52,0

60,25

fine

29,85

29,75

29,800

74,0

54,0

64,00

fine

29,75

29,750

74,5

54,0

64,25

fine

N E

29,75

29,750

73,5

57,0

65,25

fine

O 26

N E

29,70

29,65

29,675

82,0

61,5

71,75

fine

29,70

29,50

29,600

83,5

59,5

72,50

fine

39,50

29,45

29,475

68,0

58,0

63,00

rainy

.220

29,45

59,42

29,435

68,5

54,0

61,25

cloudy

.550

s w

29,42

29,35

29,385

67,5

53,5

60,50

cloudy

.090

29,45

29,35

29,400

66,0

56,0

61,00

showery

.240

Mean

29,7244'

Mean

60,4 141

1 .795*11]

N- B The observations in each line relate to a period of twenty-four hours, reckoning from ten

o'clock the preceding evening, to ten o'clock P. M. on the day of the date.

RESULTS.

Mean barometrical pressure.... 29. 724 — highest 30.10 — lowest 29 32 — range .78.

Mean temperature...., 6o°.41 — highest 83.°5 — lowest 41. °0 — range 42.u5.

Spaces described by the barometer, in inches 3-50. — Number of changes, 16.

Rain, &.c. this month, 1.795 inches — Number of wet days, 9. — Total rain, this year 13.590 in.

The Rev. R. A. Singleton, of Biackeley, near Manchester, makes the quantity of rain for
July, 1.655 inches. — My correspondent at Wilsden, near Ring. ey, Yorkshire, makes the fail of
rain for the same period, .075 of an inch.

WIND.
N NE E S E S S VV \Y N W Variable
1 6 5 1 0 7 9,. 2 0

Total number of observations, 31. — Number of stormy days, 2.

This month was ushered in with a soft and gloo.ny atmosphere, accompanied by strong winds,
chiefly from the N. E. From the first to the third, there was a rapid decrease of temperature,
for the maximum of the first was 73°, whereas the minimum of the third was 42c •, a difference
of 30° in about 30 hours. In this state the rain began to descend in frequent showers, and con-
tinued till the 71b, when distant thunder was heard in the evening. The weather then began to
dear up, the temperature and pressure became higher and more stationary; and the changes conti-
nued so to the 14th. On the 8th an unusual ruddy sky at sunset ; and the five following days, the
clouds assumed the modifications of cirrus, cirro-cumulus, and cirro-stratus. On the 15th,
being St. Swithin's day, it was, as usual, gloomy, with a little drizzling rain in the forenoon;
and about the same time there was a decrease of pressure and temperature: and on the 19th,
the latter indicated the minimum for the month, which was a remarkable gloomy day. From
the 20th to the 27th, there was a clear atmosphere, the clouds again assumed the different mo-
difications characteristic of hue settled weather, with a gradual increase of temperature. The
thermometer indicated S30 on the 27th, it being the maximum for the period. The tempera-
ture again made a sudden change, the hemisphere became covered with dense clouds, and rain
began to be precipitated, which continued till the close of the month. The prevailing winds
for the month htve been S. W . W. and N. E. — At the time of the maximum temperature, the
wind made a sudden change from N. E. by N. to ihe \V. The greatest variation of pressure in
twenty-four hours, is nearly 3-tenths of an inch ; and the greatest variation of temperature in
the same time, is 24", which last was on the 27th: the mean temperature for the mouth is
6o.°41, being 6U lower than that of July 1808.

-Tn. JX. Vol. JT.

METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL,

Kept by R. Bjnks, Mathematical Instrument-Maker, Strand, hondon.

1809
Dav of

BAROME-
TER.

THERMOMETER.

WEATHER.

High-

Low-

JULY.

9 A.M.

g P.M.

est. 1

est.

Day.

Night.

29-89

Fail-

Fair

29.8b'

Ditto

Cloudy

29.78

6r»

61**

Ditto

v.6

2975

64j

Rain

Ditto

29-73

Fail-

Ditto

29.64

Rain

Fair

2973

Ditto

Rain

29.60

Ditto

Faii-

29.55

Fail-

Ditto

AUG

29.66

Ditto

Cloudy

29.72

66*

Ditto

29.40

Rain

Faii-

2941

55§

Ditto

Cloudy

£9-76

Ditto

Rain

29-38

Ditto

2Q.65

Ditto

Faii-

29.94

Fair

Ditto

29 94

Ditto

29.89

7<)|]

Ditto

Cloudy

1 1

29.68

Ditto

Faii-

29.67

•r>7

Rain

Ditto

2979

Ditto

29 80

Ditto

2975

Ditto

Cloudy

1(3

29. 88

Ditto

Fair

29.84

63*

61%

Fair

Ditto

29-73

60 f

Rain

Ditto

29.8O

Ditto

2996

Ditto

1 Ditto

29-84

Ditto

29.84

Ditto

*• Sultry morning. f Lighting in the e:ist. At 11 P. M. very dark, and appearance of rain.

J Thunder, lightning, and rain, in the evening. The moon bright at intervals.

§ Rainy and cold almost the whole day. || Thunder, lighting, and rain, in the night.

% Heavy rain in the morning. ** Heavy rain in the night, with thunder and lightning.

Errata in last Journal. — July 82, Barometer, for " £9-S9," read " 29.05.'"

PRICES

Of Fire- Office ; Mine, Dock, Canal, Water-Works, Brewery, 8f Public
Institution Shares, $?c. Sfc. for Aug. 1809.

Albion Fire & Life Assur. - £] 10 per ct. pm.
Atlas Fire and Life ------- par.

Eagle ditto £46 per share

Globe ditto - - - £118 a 120 0 per sh

Hope ditto 6s. a 7s. prem.

Imperial ditto - - - - £60 a 65 per share

Kent ditto £43 ditto

Rock ditto - - - - 4s. a 5s. premium
Commercial Dock Stock £170 a 175 per cent.
East Country ditto - - - - fiaa pm.
East India ditto - - - £129 a 131 per cent.
London ditto - .... - £120 ditto
West India ditto ----- £176 ditto
Grand Junction Canal - £188 a I89 per share
Kennett and Avon ditto ... £29 ditto
East London Water- Works - £86 a 90 pm.
South ditto £136 a 140 per sh.

FORTUNE & Co. Stock-Brokers and
General Agents, 13, Cornhill,

West Middlesex Wat-Works £lll a 113 p.sh.
British Ale Brewery ----- £44 do.
Golden-Lane Brewery original 50i.

shares - - - - - £59 a 67 per sh.
Ditto 80/ shares ----- 80gs. ditto
Covent Garden new Theatre £500 sub-
scription shares - - - - 20gs. a 25gs. pin.
Vauxhall Bridge Shares ----- Par.

Strand l»itto Par.

London Institution - - £82 a 84 0 per share
Surrey ditto --------- Pur.

Monmouthshire Navigation Shares 112 to 1 16
Do Canal Debentures - - 87 to 91 p.ct.
Provident Institution - 1 II 6 p. sh. pm.
Bank-Side Brewery •- - - £45 p. share.
Auction mart ----- £23 p. sh. pin.

. LEWIS, WOLFE, and Co.

Change Alley.

Printed fmr R. AcKEtt.MAHtf, by fjqt

Tttt'ter. 373, fUlr&iA.

THE

3&epo6ttorj>

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE,

Manufactures, Fashions, and Politics ,

Tor OCTOBER 1809.

ffitft SCmil) ^timber.

EMBELLISHMENTS.

r>GK

1. Remarkable Spf.cimf.n of Antiquity found at Girgenti .... 2.19

2. Ancient Silver Coin found in Ireland 244

3. Wool-cock, by Jlowitt 247

4. Ladies' Ball Duess . 258

5. Walking Duess ib.

0. JSew Theatre- Royal, Covent-Garden 2(>2

7. Fashionable Window-curtain and Settee '277

S. Allegorical Wood-cut, uitl/i Patterns ........... i&.

Ou Splendour of Colours, bx Juninus 215

Account of the North Country, or
Native English Breed or' Sheep . 223

Extracts from the Correspondence of
a Celebrated Physician. No. II. 227

Letter from Amelia to her Mother . 229

Seventh Letter from Italy (con-
cluded) ........ 232

Description of a Singular Specimen
of Antiquity, lately found at Gir-
genti. in Sicily

On immersion in Boiling Tar . .

Mathematical Question proposed .

Solution of the Arithmetical Ques-
tion proposed in No. IX. . . .

Observations on his Method of keep-
ing a Meteorological Journal, with
a Description of the Instrument?,
by Thomas Hanson, Esq. . . .

Description of an Ancient Silver
Coin found in Ireland ....

Proceedings of the French National
Institute 24.5

British Sports — The Woodcock . . 24-7

Intelligence, Literary, Scientific, &c» 249

Review of new Publications . . . 252

23P
240
241

ib.

242
244

PACE

Musical Review . . . . . . '2 A

Fashions for Ladies 23 jj

General Observations on Female Fa-
shions 259

Fourth Letter from a young Lady in
London to her Sister in the Coun-
try . ib.

Description of the New Theatre, Co-
vent-Garden 2G2

Public Amusements — New Theatre,
Covent-Garden ...... 2G7

Hay market — Lyceum .... 260

Royal Circus— Sadler's Wells . . 270
Astley's Amphitheatre — Vauxhall . 27 I
Retrospect ot Politics 'ib.

Medical Report 27 8

Agricultural Report ik

Fashionable Furniture .... 277

Allegorical Wood-cut, with Patterns ib.

Poetry * . 27ft

Bankrupts and Dividends .... ib.

London Markets 2H I

Prices of Stocks . . . ■. . . .232

Meteorological Table — Manchester 2*3

Meteorological Table — London. . 28 i

Prices of Companies' Shares . . . ib*

TO, OUR READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.

We earnestly solicit communications (post paid) from professors of the Arts in ge-
neral, us well as authors, respecting works which they may have in hand. We con-
eeive that the evident advantage which must accrue to both from the more extensive,
publicity that will be given to their productions through the medium of the Repository,
needs only to be mentioned, to induce them to favour us with such information, which
shall always meet with the most prompt attention.

Our best thanks are due to Mr. Hanson, for his communication, and we shall feel
highly Haltered by his future favours.

We have the pleasure to inform our reader-, thai with the next number of the Re-
pository we shall commence a ?iew Meteorological Table for London, constructed on
the same plan as Mr. Ha7ison''s, by Mr. John Gibson, of Stratford- le- Bow.

Ouving to the pressure of matter this month, we are under the necessity of deferring,
till our next publication, the first of a series of essays, under the title ef Classical
Hours.

I., will perceive that Ids contributions will he acceptable. We should wish to have
always, if possible, three or four of his papers in our hands, to -"*>ire the regularity
*if:/:c;r Continuation.

.An Economist is informed, that his .letter on the waste Oj ' Produce,

arrived too late for insertion in the present number.

C is assured that his essay shall meet with early attention.

We are obliged to MKlPAS for his solution of the mathematical question, u„.
should have made use of it, had we not previously received and printed off the ensusr
of another correspondent.

We shall endeavour to find a place for Projector in our next.

M. N. — L. F. S. — and Charlotte, are referred to the observations of Arbiter E!c-
gantiarum, p. 259, where they willf.rid e.n answer to their enquiries.

THE

orftorp

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE,

Manufactures, Fashions, and Politics^

For OCTOBER, 1809.

SDlje %mt\) dumber.

-The suffrage of the wisd,

The praise that's worth ambition, is attain'd
By sense alone, and dignity of mind.

Armstrong.

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS, &c— By Juninus.

(Continuation of Letter IV. from page 1450

Mr. Editor,

When I got home, and went
to bed, I lay ruminating on the oc-
currences of the preceding day ; a
watchman cried past one o'clock,
and the light in his lantern struck
a luminous and moving half circle
on the ceiling of the chamber as he
passed. Immediately after I sunk
into the arms of Morpheus, and had
an unconnected dream about watch-
men, cats, and unfortunate geniuses.
One thing I plainly remember : I
thought I was reading, in an old
newspaper of Jan. 2, 1798, which I
have in my possession, a short ac-
count of some of these unfortunates,
if they may be so called. It is as
follows :

No. X. Vol. IL

The Fate of Genius.

11 Homer was a beggar; Plautus
turned a mill ; Terence was a slave ;
Bocthius died in a gaol ; Paolo Bor-
ghese had fourteen different tracjes-i
and yet starved with them all ; Tassot
was of/en distressed for five shillings;
Bentivoglio was refused admission
into an, hospital he had himself
erected ; Cervantes, the immortal
author of Don Quixote, died of
hunger; Camocns, the celebrated
writer of the Lusiad, ended h is days
in an almshouse ; and Vaugelas left
his body to the surgeons, to pay his
debts as far as it would go.

" In considering the above men,
who, blessed with common sense,
an even and cheerful temper, an
G g

216

OS SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS.

equability of disposition, needs envy
the elevation of genius, or the su-
periority of learning and science,
when lie sees the one Contemned or
neglected, and the other toiling with-
out reward ? Whoever pants for
fame, or longs for literary honours,
would do well to take a view of the
fate of those above-mentioned ; or
survey that of such of our own coun-
trymen as have been eminently con*
spicuous in the fields of imagina-
tion, the regions of fancy, or the
plains of philosophy.

" Bacon lived a life of meanness
and distress. Raleigh ended his
days upon a scaffold. The learning
and virtue of More could not secure
a better doom. Spenser, the charm-
ing Spenser, whose Fairy Queen is
never read but with increase of ad-
miration, died neglected, forsaken,
and in want. The fate of Collins
(one of our first lyric poets) may be
ascribed in a great degree to the
world's neglect, which brought on
bis mental derangement and death.
Milton sold his copyright of Para-
dise Lost for fifteen pounds, at three
payments, and finished his life in
obscurity. Drydenlived in poverty,
and died in distress. Olway, tho'
his end be variously related, yet all
his biographers agree in this, that
lie died prematurely and in want.
Lee is said to have died in the streets.
Steele lived a life of perpetual war-
fare with bailiffs* Johnson is said
to have sold the Vicar of Wakefield
for a trifle, to release its great au-
thor, Goldsmith, from the gripe of
the law. Fielding lies in the bury-
ing-ground of the English factory aj
Lisbon, without a stone to mark the
spot. Savage died in Newgate at
Bristol, where he was confined for a
debt of eight pounds ; and the great

biographer of toe English poets has
recorded of the inimitable author of
Iludibras, Buller, " that all that
can be said of him with certainty,
is, that he lived neglected, and died
poor." And that youthful pheno-
menon, the immortal Chatterton,
was so harassed by want, that he de-
stroyed himself in his eighteenth
year. Such, alas! is the fate of en-
vied genius!"
The next afternoon I was with Miss

K i When I first went in, she

was sitting with her aunt at tea, in
the front parlour, conversing about
the Jews and their customs, the
Scriptures, &c. ; about their not
eating swine, or fish without scales,
or hares, wild foul, &c. The aunt
observed, that most of the Jewish
customs are to be found in the four
first books of Moses, the food for-
bidden in the 11th chapter of Le-
viticus. u I am fond of studying

ancient history," said Miss ,

" and the history of these people
claims much attention.

" They date their year from the
creation. Their present year (1807)
is 55GG. Jerusalem was first found-
ed by Melchizedeck, a Canaan it ish
prince. Before this it was called
Solyma. When David, king of
the Jews, had driven out the Ca-
naanites, he planted his own people
there. Four hundred and seventy-
seven years after this, it was taken
I by Nebuchadnezzar, and was laid
waste by the Babylonians. It was
also taken and delivered to the Ro-
mans by Po.mpey, sixty-two years
before Christ ; and afterwards taken
and destroyed by Titus, son to the
Roman emperor Vespasian, seventy
years after the Christian era ; since
which they have been a scattered
\ people, and much abound in those

©N SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS.

217

countries where trade flourishes the
roost."

Miss turning to me, then

continued, M You must (alee a ram-
ble with me this evening into the

city, to Mr. , a benevolent man,

v/ho sells me materials for painting.
He is a Jew. Often, when he calls,
we converse for an hour or two
about his people, ancient history,
&c. with which he is well acquaint-
ed, and is fond of considering maps.
He has two beautiful daughters,
who occasionally call- on me, some-
times one, sometimes the other ;
from whom I have made a great va-
riety of sketches for pictures, repre-
senting passages from the Jewish
history. The Jews are very bene-
volent and good to each other ; they
are very charitable ; many of them
possess qualities entitling to love,
they are so kind and universally be-
nevolent. I was talking to Mr. —
the other day of their charities,
when he said he had a book in his
pocket, to help his people, which
lie shewed me ; but 1 know the man
so well, that I am convinced it was
no trick to get a subscription, in
the book were inscribed 200 num-
bers, at one guinea each ; 20 of (he
numbers were to be drawn of the
200, in the same manner as those
in the state lottery. The holders of
each of these 20 numbers are entitled
to give ten guineas worth of bread
and other provisions, to whatsoever
Jewish poor family they please. —
Though they are generally .Jews or
Jewesses who subscribe, they do not
exclude the contributions of any
otherpersuasion, butarcvery thank-
ful for them. 1 took Mr. 's

book in my hand, and, laughing,
said, ' Is number 19 engaged ?' He
said, ' Why 19 in particular,

Miss?' J said, * That is my age.'
It was not engaged, and my name
was set down to it. He said, when
the numbers were drawn, if I was
fortunate, he would immediately
send me an account ; and I }rester-
duy received a letter, to inform me
that my number had been drawn a
prize ; and was therefore entitled to
a donation of ien guineas. 1 have
had as many applications as there
are guineas to be given, and have

sent Mr. a note, to write the

names of those that have applied,
on separate tickets, to double them
up, and that I would call at his
house this evening, and take one
out from the parcel, to be the suc-
cessful candidate : ' For,' said I,
c it came by chance, let it go so. ' I
would have divided it, but the con-
diiious are, that one poor family is
to receiye it.,?

u I will willingly accompany
you,?' said I.

" You would hardly believe,''
continued she, " what love many of
the Jews and Jewesses shew tqeacli
other. ?'

As she spoke, her eyes, like liv-
ing brilliants, shone in tears. There
is something so touching in sincere
love, that it always moves me to
(ears. There are some passages iu
(lie Bible I can never read without
this emotion, particularly Genesis
xliii. when Joseph meets his bro-
ther Benjamin, &c. ; or Ruth i. ;
or the love of David and Jonathan,

1 Samuel xx. ; or where David la-
ments the death of his son Absalom,

2 Samuel xviii. How expressive
of true love is also what Milton, in
his Paradise Lost, represents Adam
as feeling for his beloved Eve affcef
her transgression, book ix. line 896,

1 set off with Miss K- towards

G g 2

218

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS*

the city : as we were passing through
Excter-'Change, she said, "I have
made a great number of sketches
from the birds, &c. in this place ;
and I have coloured these sketches
without colours: — I have fixed
on a number of letters, one of
which I understand to represent one
colour, and another, another co-
lour ; also characters which mean
light, middle tint, darker, darkest,
and mark the various colours with
these letters. These sketches 1
finish at home, or rather finish
drawings from them; and they be-
come excellent, also, to introduce
into historical pictures, &c. I ob-
tain access here, at times when the
public are not admitted — I catch
fleeting colours in the sky, such as
rainbows, sunshine, sun-risings,
clouds, landscape, &c. very ra-
pidly by this method ; and by these
intimations, and what I remember,
the colouring comes somewhat
near." Soon after this she stopped at
a print-shop, and considered a front-
face portrait in stipple, under which
was written, Werter. " This," says
she, " is an excellent character,
and well represents the unfortunate
Werter; — this I will mark down
for my portfolio, in which I have
written, genius. This print brings
to my mind an anecdote, related to
me by a lady of my acquaintance,
who had it from Mr. Copley, the
painter : — When this gentleman
was, a few years ago, in Germany,
he supped one night with a gentle-
man and his wife; a middle-aged
lady, a visitor, was also present.
Mr. Copley conversed with her an
hour or two, and found her sensible
and interesting. When she had
retired, the gentleman said to Mr.
Copley, ' You are not aware to

whom you have been talking all
this time ?' — i No, indeed ; pray
who may it be?' He answered,
' The Sorrows of Werter is a true
story ; you have been conversing
with his Charlotte: though twenty
years have now passed since that oc-
currence, you see she is still a very
amiable woman." She afterwards
stopped at anothershop, and viewed
with much attention a print from
George Morland. She said, smil-
ling, " I will also mark this for
my portfolio. This is very in-
structing— what a modest shame
there is in that young girl's coun-
tenance!— and the young man, too,
scratching ! How gratified her fa-
ther and mother seem at the antici-
pated match ; and his father and
the dog too — this is genius." This,
I think, was called, Roger coming
courting to Kate. She read the
lines, and so retentive was her me-
mory, that she learned them, after
three or four repetitions. They al-
luded to his scratching his head,
and her playing with her apron
string. In our progress, she made
memorandums for two other prints:
the unfortunate Mrs. DufF, by Agar,
after Cosway ; and the beautiful
Countess Zamoisky, by the same en-
graver, after Isaby of Paris, designed,
she said, with the true poetic spirit.
" But now," she observed, when
in Cheapside, " we are not far

from Mr. , who lives near

Leadcniiall-street. His people, the
Jews, have been much persecuted,
particularly in this country, in the
reigns of Richard I. John, and
Henry III. They were banished
from this kingdom in the year 1291,
and remained in banishment 364r
years. They were admitted again
by Oliver Cromwell, in the year

Oft SPLEXDOtJR OF COLOUkv

1655, who made a treaty with a rich
Jew, named Manasseh Ben Israel,
wherein the Jewish nation are re-
stored to their trade and worship in
England. They are a romantic peo-
ple, though they pursue trade with
such avidity. They are fond of
pleasure and games of chance, such

as lotteries. Mr. has made

me acquainted with many of their
ceremonies. .He is a benevolent
man, and much loved by them. I
last week saw the ceremony of one of
their weddings in a large garden,
called Islington Spa, near Sadler's
Wells. This was also managed by
lottery, to help the poor : 200 gui-
neas had been subscribed, and the
names of about one hundred young
couple were written on tickets, then
folded up, put in a band-box, and
shaken together. A little hole was
made to put the hand in, and one
drawn out by a Jewess, about four
years of age, dressed gaily for the
occasion. The young couple whose
names happen to be on the ticket,
are the couple to be married. They
were married in the garden, which
I understand to be a common cus-
tom. Their priest, after drinking
some wine, broke the glass that held
it, and trod on it, intimating that
the married pair are not to separate
except by deaih, till the glass is
made whole again as before it was
broken. There was afterwards a
deal of music, dancing, singing,
and feasting.

" Sonic of the Jews and Jewesses
are excellent singers: many of the
young women are very active and
elegant, and dance with much un-
affected grace ; and they dress very
much in the simple style of the an-
tique. I have also been with them
in bowers , which they make in gar-
dens, to celebrate certain festivals.

This suits my turn. They are a ro«
mantie and a happy people ; such
scenes are very improving, and pro-
per for those who would succeed in
painting. I think some very at-
tractive pictures might be made of
these customs of the Jewish people :
they are subjects which Walfcau
would have delighted in ; and so
would Rubens and Paul Veronese.
And to see them on a Friday night,
how comfortably tlmy sit at their
suppers, under their lamps with se-
ven lights — it moves me. At the
wedding 100 of the guineas were
given to the couple, to begin the
world with, as it is called, and the
other 100 went to defray the ex-
pences of the entertainment. Be*
sides this, all of their people who
come, bring each of them a trifling
present to the young couple."

Mr. Editor,

It may not perhaps be impro-
per to introduce here a few com*
mon-place trifles relative to the na-
ture of colours.

Ultramarine is made of In pis la-
zuli, by a tedious process of lavi-
gation, grinding, &c.

Tremairc, made from ultramarine,
and sold at a higher price, was in-
vented by a Frenchman.

Prussian blue is composed of blood
and pearl ash, and has iron for its
basis, It was accidentally disco*
vcred by a phemiM of Jierlin, in
Prussia, in 17 lc2.

Antwerp blue is made nearly in
the same way as Prussian blue, but
is more refined.

Indigo is a tinging matter ex-
tracted from a plant. Great quan-
tities of it arc brought from both the
East and West Indies, and is much
used by women in washing.

?20

on spendotjr of colours.

Common orpiment of arsenic is
sulphur, with a mixture frequently
of lead. This is poisonous, and has
a bad smell.

King's yellow is composed of ar-
senic and sulphur, and is, like the
last, .poisonous.

Masticot is flake white, or white
lead gently burned till it turns yel-
low.

Turbith mineral is oil of vitriol
and quicksilver. This is also a me-
dicine.

Naples yellow is said to be found
near Naples. This colour is much
used .

Vermilion is chiefly manufactured
in Holland, but the best comes from
China. It is made of common sul-
phur and quicksilver. It is often
given in pills as a medicine in pu-
trid fevers, &c.

Lake is composed of cochineal*,
scarlet rags, and Brazil wood, de-
posited on the cuttle-fish bone. The
best lake is said to come from Ve-
nice and Florence.

Carmine is the most valuable
production of cochineal, brightened
with aqua-fortis, by a process si-
milar to that used for dying scar-
let in grain. This colour is but
seldom used in oil, as it will not mix
well. The best carmine is made in
France ; the English is apt to turn
yellow.

Light red is light brown ochre
burnt. It is much used by many
painters when mixed with white, to
lay in flesh colour.

* Mr. Barrow, who accompanied Lord
Macartney to China, gives a curious ac-
count of the cochineal insect, the plant
on which it feeds, and the manner of pre-
paring the dye.

Indian red, said to come from the
East Indies, is likewise much used
with white in flesh.

Terra di Sienna is an earth, red
when burnt, yellow when raw, said
to be found near Sienna, in Italy.

These two last colours are in a con-
siderable degree transparent, and
when burnt, are employed to glaze
shadows under the nose, ears, &c.

Red lead is lead calcined or burnt.

Verdigrease, rust or corrosion of
copper.

Terra vert, green earth, is a na-
tive earth, probably coloured by
copper.

Prussian green is made nearly in
the same way as Prussian blue.

Asphaltum, or Jews' pitch, is
chiefly found floating on the Lacus
Asphaltites, or Dead Sea, in Asia.
This bituminous substance is often
adulterated.

Umber is an earth, said to be
dug up in an island of the Mediter-
ranean Sea.

Brown pink, made of French ber-
ries, fustic wood, and pearl ash, is
very transparent.

Cologne earth is a fossile sub-
stance, found near Cologne, Bir-
mingham, and the Mendip hills in
Somersetshire.

White lead, or ceruse, is rust or
corrosion of lead. The best is said
to come from Italy.

Ivory black is the waste fragments
of ivory, such, as comb - makers'
tilings, &c. burnt or charred.

Blue black is the coal of burnt
vegetables. The best is said to be
made from vine-stalks and tendrils.
A great quantity is made in France
and Italy.

The ochres are an extensive ge-
nus of earths. The most common
are yellow and red. There are like-

On splendour of colours.

wise blue, brown, and green ochres,
and of these several distinctions.
Dr. Hill describes of red eleven
sorts ; of yellow the same number ;
of blue and green one each, and of
black two. The ochres, like the
earths, stand well. Large quanti-
ties of the ochres are said to exist
in the Shotover hills, near Oxford.
The ochres are distinguished by the
appellations of red, yellow, brown,
Roman stone, bright green, and
blue ochres. The two first are most
generally used.

There are several sorts of lake, as
rose, red, Indian, Chinese (light and
dark yellow lake), crimsou, cinna-
bar, and green lake. Lake is apt
to fatten and turn ropy, and does
not dry well.

Some other materials are sold for
painting, such as Vandyke's brown ;
Gainsborough's essence of asphal-
tum ; Egyptian mummy, called
real Egyptian mummy, said to be
made chiefly from asphaltum ; Spa-
nish brown ; patent yellow, which
is very bright, and may be substi-
tuted for king's yellow, on account
of the poisonous nature and bad
smell of the latter.

Scarlet ochre is the ochreous earth,
or rather iron, which is the basis of
green vitriol, separated from the
acid of the vitriol by calcination.

Blue verditer, smalt, and bice.
Chinese vermilion is preferred. True
verditer is made from lapis Arme-
nus. Smalt and bice are gritty.
The best smalt is said to come from
Saxony.

The oils used in painting are
poppy and nut oil, linseed oil, com-
mon drying, and oil or spirits of
turpentine. Mastic varnish is em-
ployed for varnishing the picture
"when finished. Mastic is a gum.
Linseed is ground in a mill, after-

wards put into small bags and press-
ed. What remains after the oil is
squeezed out, is called oil-cakes,
which are employed to fatten oxen
and other cattle, which are very fond
of them. The infusion of linseed
is often drunk like tea for colds,
sore-throats, &c.

Umber is such a good dryer, that,
with other ingredients, it is mixed
with linseed oil, in order to make
drying oil.

Asphaltum, brown pink, red and
yellow lake, are bad dryers. They
should be used with drying oil.

Turbith mineral, which is a yel-
low precipitate of mercury, is cooler
than king's yellow, and not so*
bright.

Asphaltum is sometimes adulte-
rated with a mixture of turpentine,
pitch, and other cheap substances.
This is a principal ingredient in the
composition for etching ground used
by engravers. It dries much darker
and heavier than when applied, and
gives the appearance of age to pic-
tures. This colour is a glazing
warm brown.

Oil or spirits of turpentine is used
as a dryer for the clearer colours,
and to fit some for use ; to clean
the pallet and the brushes from the
colours when done with, and for
painting transparencies, such as arc
exhibited on rejoicing nights.
Brandy, or spirits of wine, mix-
! ed with crayons, scraped to dust
I with a knife, make drawings that
| look a great deal more like oil-co-
loured pictures, than those made
with water colours. Gardner, the
painter, J. H. Benwcll, Sanders,
and many others, made very bril-
liant, forcible pictures by this rue*
thod, which is now much neglect-
ed, and but little known.

Colours that are apt to fatten are

222

ON SPLENDOUR 01' COLOURS.

long ia drying. Red lead dries so
quickly, that it is sold iri powder,
and, like umber and litharge, is
used in making drying oil.

The prices of colours and other
materials for painting at Middle-
ton's colour-shop, in St. Martin's
lane, are as follow : — ■

Ultramarine is £l± or £b and up-
wards, according to its goodness,
per ounce. llalf-a-crown's worth,
or six grains, may be purchased.
Old pictures, that have much blue
in them, are often good ; as Prus-
sian blue, the substitute for ultra-
marine, has not been long invented,
and, previous to that period, bad
painters could not in general afford
to buy the latter.

AsphaKum, or Jews' pitch, a
shilling for a small gallipot full.

Antwerp blue, a shilling for a
small bladder. This colour is sel-
dom kept in bladders, but must be
bespoken.

Fine white, red, light, and dark
yellow lake, brown pink, Prussian
blue, verdigrease, and Naples yel-
low, arc 6d. a bladder; burnt terra
di Sienna, 4d. ; Nottingham white,
or connnou white, raw and burnt
umber, light and brown ochre, ivo-
ry black, blue black, terra vert, and
Indian red, 3d. a bladder.

Some colours arc bought in pow-
ders, and mixed up when wanted.
Such are, — vermilion, Is. 8d. an
ounce; king's yellow, Gel. to Is. 6d. ;
read lead, 6d. ; orange lead, 6d. ;
turbith mineral, 8d. an ounce. This
last is sold in powder by the che-
mists. Jt is a very powerful medi-
cine, time grains being sufficient
for a dose. When used For painting
it should be well ground.

Carmine will not mix well with
oil. The price is one guinea and
upwards, and very good near &%

per ounce. Like ultramarine, its
high price greatly confines its use.
Poppy and nut oil are 8d. for a
small phiai; a superior drying oil
for the clear colours, Gd. ; linseed
oil, 4d. ; common drying oil, and
oil or spirits of turpentine, 3d. a
phial; and mastic varnish, 6d. a
phial.

Canvas for painting is about 2s.
6d. or 3s. for the size of a portrait,
that is, the head and shoulders ; for
a larger portrait, 5s. ; half-lengths,
8s. ; whole-lengths, about a gui-
nea, more or less, according to the
size. Smaller or larger sizes than
the above may be had at propor-
tionate prices.

One of the sizes of canvas is called
Bishop's half-length, another Kit
Cat. The latter appellation is said
to have originated from a club (per-
haps a beef-steak club) composed
of a number of noblemen and gen-
tlemen, who met, about 100 years
ago, at a house, the landlord of
which was named Christopher Cat.
They had all their portraits painted
of this size, and hung up in the
room appropriated to their meeting :
it, was called after the landlord, Kit
Cat size ; which denomination it still
retains.

Easels are from 5s. to two or three
guineas, according to the materials
of which they arc made, their ele-
gance and convenience. Some very
commodious ones are made of ma-
hogany, with drawers, &c.

Pallets, and pallet-knives, are 9d.
or Is. according to their size and
quality. Pallets are often made of
ivory, earthen-ware, &c.

Hog-tools — so called, from being
bound round the stick, and made
of hogs' hair, Is. each. Sables',
fiti hes', and badgers'' tools, and ca-
mels1 hair brushes, should be made

ACCOUNT OF THE NORTH-COUNTRY BREED OF SHEEP,

$23

from the hair of the animals whose
names they bear: but there is much
deception in such appellations.

Slackers for smoothing- ; small
miniature brushes, 2d. each-^-ca-
mels' hair, Id. Small brushes are
generally called pencils— perhaps it
would not be easy to tell why.

Maul-sticks, with cotton, 3d.
each ; pastils, or small pieces of
prepared chalk, pointed for sketch-
ing the outline, 4d. each. Tobacco-
pipe clay, plaster of Paris, and
whiting, make very excellent white
chalk.

. Some painters chuse rough-grain-
ed canvas ; others, as landscape-
painters, prefer it smooth. Some
like a light colour, others a darker,
and portrait-painters select a thin
priming. Some of Reynolds's pic-
tures are painted at the back of the
canvas, that is, on the side not
primed. I do not know his reason
for this. Reynolds used many other
materials besides those which are to
be bought : some of them will be
mentioned hereafter. He was so par-
tial to bright tints, that he would
sometimes employ very perishable
inenstruums and varnishes. Some
like long-haired, others shorUhaired
brushes. Rut these trifles appear

of extremely little consequence to
those who are acquainted with the
rules of art. Some painters stand at
work, others sit : some) for certain
parts, like a pencil-stick two or
three yards long. Some use the
maul-stick ; others think that a great
deal more freedom is to be procured
by not using it. Some are often
running to a glass, to look in it for
the effect. A glass distances and
reverses the picture, and makes some
faults very obvious. A man of rank
lately sat for his portrait to an emi-
ment painter, who was often, for
this purpose, looking in a glass.
He heard, some time afterwards,
that his employer had made this ob-
servation : — " A conceited puppy !
all the time I was sitting, he was
admiring his face in the glass."

Reynolds was somewhat capri-
cious : he would sometimes order
one of his pupils to prepare a pallet
of colours ; and when this was done
with much care, he would come in,
snatch up an empty pallet, squeeze
the colours out of some bladders,
and employ these, without at all re-
garding the pallet that had been
prepared with so much pains.

Juninus,

ACCOUNT OF THE NORTH -COUNTRY, OR NATIVE
ENGLISH BREED OF SHEEP.

TO THE EDITOR.

Sir,

I doubt not that many of your readers will he thoroughly sensible of the value
of the following particulars relative to what may justly be denominated the native
breed of sheep of our island. They are derived from the most respectable autho-
rity, that of Mr. Michael Satterthwaite, of the Wood, near Hawkshead, Lanca-
shire, whose reputation for the good management of his flocks is well known in this
country. Agricola.

Westmorland, Sept. 10, 1309.

The lambs are brought forth in
the month of April, and kept with
the ewes in the mildest situation

No. X. Vol. II.

which can be found near the owner's
dwelling. Gentle rains are desira-
ble at this time, to cause the earl/
Hh

224

ACCOUNT OF THE NORTH-COUNTRY BREED OF SII2EP,

grass to grow, that the ewes, being
veil fed, may give milk plentifully.
The ewes have seldom more than
one lamb ; but if tliey were to feed
continually an low pastures, they
would have two lambs, and some-
times three. The male lambs are
castrated at about ten days old. If
the weather is favourable, they are
taken to the fells about the first of
May, being previously marked with
the owner's smit, and his peculiar
ear-mark. These fells are very lofty;
some of them upwards of 2700, and
few less than 2000 feet above the
level of the sea. The sheep delight
iti frequenting the summits of the
fills, on account of the pureness of
ihc air ; and perhaps would not de-
scend, if the grasses produced there
v. ere as agreeable to them as those
which they find at the height of
about 1200 feet. Their partiality
to the most elevated spots, is, how-
ever, obvious, from their almost
continual residence on them. There
are various species of grass on Ihe
fells, but none do the sheep prefer
to the bent, notwithstanding its
coarseness ; and it is observable,
that where this grass is most plenti-
ful, the sheep which are reared in
its vicinity thrive the most. Each
flock has its particular heave or
feeding-place, which it will not
quit, or suffer stragglers from other
heaves to feed on. These flocks
are not herded, nor visited by the
shepherds oftener than once in the
course of one or two months. About
the 20th June, the sheep are wash-
ed, preparatory to their being clip-
ped or shorn. A rustic ceremony,
which takes place at these clip-
pings, deserves to be noticed. The
day being iixed on, the owners of
fcke flocks, who generally are the

shepherds also, give the mutual
promise, " titter up tothcr up
caw*." They retire to rest very
early the preceding evening, and
rise about one the next morning.
A well-disciplined dog attends each
shepherd. The vallies are nearly
deserted. If the morning prove
fine, the rising sun seems to hail
the intended ablution.

It is the first business of the men
and dogs to bring all the sheep to-
gether. This the dogs will speedily
accomplish, although some of the
sheep are many miles distant. The
wild hart or roe can scarcely surpass
these flocks in swiftness. The elder
men conduct them, on their arrival,
to a fold situated near a beck or
stream, which pursues its course
down the side of a mountain. This
fold will contain a prodigious num-
ber of sheep. There are favourable
dubs or depths of water, occasioned
by the falls of cascades near to the
fold ; from which the sheep are
brought one by one, and delivered
to the washers; one of whom stands
in each dub, where the water is
about three feet deep, and rubs and
wrings the wool until the sap and
the salve, which will be mentioned
hereafter, are washed out, by which
means ihc wool is rendered clean.
The sheep are then left at liberty
to repair to their several heaves,
which they will do without being
driven.

On the heave they remain until
the time of shearing, which takes
place about ten days or a fortnight
after the washing. The shepherds
and owners then re-assemble, and
assist one another in collecting the

* Meaning, that he who rises first ia
to call the others.

ACCOUNT OF THE NORTH-COUNTRY BREED OF SHEEP.

225

various flocks, which are taken to
the farms they belong to, generally
many miles distant, in order to be
dipt or shorn. The owners and
neighbours assist at this operation,
so that each man's flock is shorn in
one day. A good shearer can shear
fifty sheep in a day, but twenty-five
is the average number shorn by one
man. The weight of each fleece is
about three pounds and an half;
that of the ram nearly double.

There are persons in attendance
to loose and mark ihe shorn sheep ;
which is performed by an instru-
ment, on which is the initial of the
owner's name, steeped in tar ; and
there is a mixture of hot tar and red
ochre, in which the operator dips
his hand, and rubs it on such parts
of the animal, and in such figures,
as serve to distinguish his master's
.flock from others.

The fleece is rolled up like a muff,
with the cut wool outwards, and
taken to the wool-house, which is
carefully cleaned and free from
damp, for the purpose of sale. It
is much to be regretted that the
farmers in these northern counties
are under the contronl of the wool-
buyers, who fix no present price
on taking away the wool, but pay
an arbitrary sum at -a distant period.
Mr. Curwcn, the celebrated agri-
culturist, in conjunction with oilier
gentlemen, jnis lately established- a
wool fair at Keswick, which will
probably abolish this pernicious
practice. The present value of
mountain-sheep wool, which is sold
without dividing the fleece, is from
nine to eleven shillings per stone of
16lb.

An hospitable entertainment al-
ways succeeds the shearing. Mr.
Satterthwaite's house is situated on
a considerable eminence above the

grand Windermere : from the spot
on which he entertains the- shep-
herds, this majestic lake, with its
neighbouring mountains, expose
themselves to view.
- The wethers, or gelt sheep, are
driven to the mountains immedi-
ately after shearing ; but ihe ewes
and lambs are detained for two or
three days, that they may be sea-
soned to their summer dress, when
they are taken to the mountains also.
There they remain till the begin-
ning of September, when the owner
selects such as he thinks proper to
draw from his flock, and takes them
to the annual fair at Grasflnercfe
which is attended by a great con-
course of buyers. Such sheep as
are not designed for the fair, are
put into the folds above-mentioned
until evening.

The wethers and lambs are pur-
chased by graziers, and driven to
distant parts to be fattened ; but the
ewes are bought for the sake of fur-
nishing early lamb to the butcher
in the spring.

Good sheep sold last fair at the
following prices :
Three and four years old,

at . . . . . £\ 1 0 ea*h
Ewes .... . 0 10 6 — —
Lambs , . . . 0 5 0 - — «
A good ram, about 4 4 0-

The flocks remain on the moun-
tains till Michaelmas ; at which
time, the shepherds and owners re-
assemble and collect them, for the
purpose of weaning the lambs,
which are brought home ; and the
rams accompany them, in order that
the ewes may not be prematurely
tupped. The ewes and wethers re-
main till about the 10th or 12th of
November, when they are brought
home for the winter. The rims
and ewes now icvi\ together for about
I ! h li

226

ACCOUNT OF THE NORTH-COUNTRY BREED OF SHEEP,

a month, and in the proportion of
about one ram to sixty ewes. That
most useful and healthy operation
of salving the whole flock takes
place about this time, and is per-
formed in the following manner : —
A mixture of tar and butter is made
in the proportion of four quarts of
the former to sixteen pounds of the
latter, which is warmed to a heat
that will just dissolve the tar. The
sheep is placed on a stool, and the
operator opens the wool longitu-
dinally, and then lays on the salve
as thinly as he can, close to the
skin. He then opens the wool pa-
rallel to the first opening, and at an
inch distant, and again applies the
salve ; and so continues opening
and salving until every part of the
animal is covered. This salve not
only kills all the vermin which in-
fest the sheep, but also renders the
wool thicker than it would other-
wise be, and occasions considerable
■warmth to the animal during win-
ter. Its effects continue for nearly
a year, and it is entirely owing to
this process that the mountain-sheep
are almost constantly free from the
scab and other eruptions which af-
fect sheep not salved ; and perhaps
the unfrequency of the rot amongst
high fell flocks may be attributed to
this salutary practice.

A flock of 1000 sheep at the salv-
ing time, will consist nearly of
200 wethers, 3 and 4 years old.
250 hogs. The lambs begin to be
called so at salving time, and
cease tobe so when first.shorn,
when they are called twint-
ers.
J 90 tvyinters.

350 ewes, from 3 to 10 years old.
10 rams.

1000

Instead of using the wnrd " fe-
male," the word " gimmer" is used
amongst the fells ; so that gimmer
hog, or gimmer twinter, means a
female of each kind.

As soon as the flocks have been
salved, they are taken to pastures
called intacksj which are at least
1000 feet below the base of their
summer residence, and abound with
ling or heath, and savine ; which
last is peculiarly wholesome for
them ; and they feed on this wild
juniper with avidity. The wethers
and ewes often sjrow fat on the fells
before they are brought down to the
vallies, and these are by far the
finest mutton : the flavour of it is,
indeed, little inferior to that of ve-
nison. During heavy snows, some
hay is given them : at such times
they are also supplied with smooth
holly, which is likewise cut for
them when fattening. These snows,
however, do not occur every win-
ter ; neither do they last in lower
regions above a fortnight, and sel-
dom longer than a few days. As
lone- as the lakes remain unfrozen,
the snows dissolve almost immedi-
ately on falling. The destruction
of the mountain-sheep is chiefly oc-
casioned by the snows which fall on
the tops of the fells in June and
July, by which they are over-
whelmed, and then perish by cold
and hunger.

Some flocks certainly remain all
the winter on the fells; but their
owners are at great expence and
trouble with them ; for the weather
must be continually watched, and
the flocks daily attended, otherwise
they would all be destroyed in a
single night, if a considerable snow-
storm took place. Flocks which
pass the winters on the mountains,
under careful management, become

EXTRACTS FROM THE CORRESPONDENCE OF A PHYSICIAN. S27

very hardy, and thrive well. No
persons, however, can, consistently
with good judgment, keep them
there, unless they live very near to
their sheep-heave.

At the beginning of April, if the
season be sufficiently mild, the
twinters, wethers, and hogs, are
taken to the fells.

It may not be uninteresting to re-
mark, that the annual profit of 100
sheep, on an average of thirty years,
is nearly ~£l£>.

Mr. Sattcrthwaitc has lately been
presented with two silver cups by

Mr. Curwen, as prizes for exhibit-
ing the best sheep, being the pro-
duce of the South-down ram and
the mountain ewe.

The patriotic intention of Mr.
Curwen, who is exerting himself to
improve the fell wool, cannot bfi
too much applauded ; but sufficient
time has not elapsed to evince the
justness of his ideas on the subject;
though it has unfortuately been de-
monstrated, that the cross in ques-
tion does not bear the rigours of
winter equally well with the native
sheep.

luaiEiffjj. asam

EXTRACTS FROM THE CORRESPONDENCE OF A CELE-
BRATEI) PHYSICIAN.

~So. ix.
TO BR

Sir,

If I am to believe what
other people say, I must be a most
egregious fool. Rut I have had a
university education, and what is
still more, have not merely skim-
med the surface of the arts and sci-
ences, but have penetrated to their
profoundest recesses. Accordingly,
I know that if you allow a person to
explain things as he pleases, there
is nothing that he cannot demon-
strate : and if a man, who is dis-
tinguished from the rest of the
world, by prudent foresight, and
salutary timidity, deserves the ap-
pellation of a fool, I am one, though
I was educated at the university.
As nobody, however, has yet ven-
tured to insist. on the premises, I
roundly deny the conclusion.

After this preliminary vindication
of myself, I must confesstoyou, sir,
from the bottom of n\y soul, that it
would be no wonder if 1 were a fool,
and if you and your professional

colleagues alone had made me
such. A tolerable pill, this I Di-
geratur !

Every body laughs at me, be-
cause I most scrupulously adhere to
the rules of the physicians. Can I
give a stronger proof that I am a
wise man? What would you call
him who wantonly ruins his health ?
W he be a wise man, I am the very
reverse. Nobody can observe the
rules of health more strictly than I
do. I am attentive to the smallest
minutiae, and for this I cannot fail
to obtain your highest commenda-
tion. Since I read, that Anacreon
choked himself with a grape, I have
never eaten either grapes or raisins.
As I know that many heterogene-
ous particles, which might be per-
nicious to us, are constantly float-
ing in the atmosphere, I am parti-
cularly anxious that the air which I
exhale should, previously, be tho-
roughly puritied. It has been
proved, if I recollect rightly, by

228 EXTRACTS FROM THE CORRESPONDENCE OF A PHYSICIAN.

M. Gleditsch, a German author,
that the air is continually impreg-
nated with the minute seeds of
champignons ; and as it is notori-
ous, that some champignons pos-
sess deleterious properties, I always
keep my mouth and nose covered
with a muslin handkerchief, four
times doubled, which I think suffi-
cient to purify the air that I breathe
from all foreign substances, before
it enters my lungs. Since I have
read, that even distilled wafer is
full of impurities, which might
generate vegetables and animals in
my body, 1 have given up drink-
ing water ; and as I never taste
beer or wine of any kind, on ac-
count of the shameful adulteration
of those liquors, I contrive to
quench my thirst with a slice of le-
mon, which I lay upon my tongue.
Some flies being venomous, and
their sting capable of producing
violent inflammation, I have pro-
vided myself with stout leather
gloves and stockings ; and both in
my house and garden I defend my
face by means of a mask with glass
eyes. To protect my ears from
earwigs and other insects, I stop
them up most securely with cotton.
I have read, that at the upper ex-
tremity of the thoracic duct, which
conveys the chyle to the left sub-
clavian vein, there is a membran-
ous valve, and that if this valve
were to receive any injury, inevi-
table death would be the conse-
quence. To prevent any such ac-
cident, I never move my left arm,
but keep it fastened up in a band-
age, so that it cannot stir. As corns,
which occasioned the death of the
celebrated Puffcndorf, proceed from
the pressure of shoes,! always wear
yury wide slippers ; and as it is of.

great importance that every part of
the body should be kept equally
warm, all my dress is so adapted
that at any place I can thrust a pin
exactly an inch deep, before it
touches the skin. From these little
precautions, you may easily judge
how attentive I am to those of
greater importance, and guess that
I never omit weighing all my food,
as well as myself, four times a day ;
that I am particularly careful to
ascertain the state of my transpira-
tion, and regulate the temperature
of my body, my food, and my
apartment, by Reaumur's thermo-
meter. With respect to the vicis-
situdes of the weather, the winds,
&c. I have, heaven be praised!
no anxiety on that account, since I
have not been out of my house these
fourteen years. I cannot possibly
conceive how a man who goes
abroad can preserve his life; for
how many millions of accidents
await him at the very first step be-
yond his threshold! How easily
may the too strong glare of the
light injure the optic nerves, and
occasion cataract ! What millions
of infectious effluvia, impregnating
the air, must instantaneously trans-
form his lungs into a mass of cor-
ruption ! What furious winds blow
upon him and close the delicate
pores! What difference is there
between going abroad in a fog, and
throwing one's self into the Thames?
Fogs are clouds — clouds are water,
and the Thames is water too. How
often has a single false step reduced
a man to the necessity of having
both his legs amputated ? Who is
safe in the streets from the bite of
dogs ? and who knows but what
every dog may be mad ? As none
but a regular, gentle motion of the

Lrrrr,n from Amelia.

220

body, that must not be augmented,
so as to produce perspiration, can
be salutary, you must always be in
danger of your life whenever a
horse or carriage comes behind
you, and obliges you to run out of
the way, by which the pulse may
be accelerated for full half a quarter
of an hour ; setting aside the fright,
from which you may every moment
apprehend an apoplectic seizure.
-As nothing is more prejudicial to
health than to compress any parti-
cular part of the body, consequently
walking, which throws the whole
weight upon each of the feet alter-
nately, must crush the veins in
them, and render amputation ne-
cessary. In a word, nothing can
be more irrational, and at the same
time more unwholesome, than to go
abroad : it is, at least, as hazard-
ous as to trust one's self upon a raft
among the mountainous waves of
the ocean. I, for my part, have
enough to do at home, though I
can there enjoy every convenience
for the preservation of my health.
Must I not, before every meal, whet
my knife upon the grindstone, for

fear that it might be poisoned ? Am
I not obliged to sprinkle my linen
with vinegar, to secure myself from
contagious diseases ? In a word,
how many thousand things must I
attend to, if I would with the least
probability hope to live till the
morrow ?

It is on account of this highly-
necessary solicitude for my life,
that I am said to be not quite com-
pos mentis. Be this as it may, I
maintain the justness of my conclu-
sion ; for we must either reject all
the rules of health, or observe them
all. The former would be fool-
hardiness : how then can the latter
be folly ? Answer this argument,
if the subject be not too difficult for
you. Which is in the right ? I, who
consider those as fool-hardy, who,
like madmen, daily expose them-
selves to a thousand dangers ; or
they who proclaim me a fool, be-
cause I avoid them all? Give me
an answer, I request you ; but let
it be a sensible one.

I am, &c.
Precautions Scruptlosus.

G"5rrTi--Ti-HP,BrUW»

LETTER FROM AMELIA.

TSltj dear and honoured mother,
What think you ? — Lady
Elizabeth's mad-cap prophecy is
come to pass ; and I have actually
had a proposal of marriage from a
lover, to whom all my nursing qua-
lifications would be very necessary.
— But, before I proceed to state
what passed between us, I shall
give you some account of his lord-
ship— for a lord he truly is, and
among the first classes of our no-
bility.

It is Lord . He is about

forty : though that, believe me, is
not my objection ; for I do assure
you, that, from my general ob-
servation of the single gentlemen^
were I compelled to take an hus-
band, I should select him from the
class of from thirty to forty, in pre-
ference to that of the more early
division of life, from twenty to
thirty. But my noble enamorato
has the appearance of fifty ; and
this premature age, is the conse-
quence of a life of extreme dissipa-
tion. His estates are large 5 but

250

tETTER FHOM AMELIA.

are generally said to have suffered
as much as his constitution, and
from the same cause. He is, in-
deed, a complete debauchee, and is
known to have been a very bad
husband to his late lady, who is
universally represented, and la-
mented, as a most amiable woman.
He frequents Newmarket, attends
the gaming' clubs, and supports
a fill 'e de Vopera. Such are the
accomplishments with which he
aspires to be your son-in-law. I had
met him several times at parties;
and once sat next him at table, at

Lady B "s; when his chit-chat

was that of a man of his rank, edu-
cation, and knowledge of the world.
I certainly paid him more than or-
dinary attentions, but they were
occasioned by the debility, which a
late fit of the gout had left him, and
a benevolent observation of his con-
dition. I am now, however, per-
suaded that vanity attributed my
humane civilities to very different
motives, and has encouraged him
to present himself to me in the cha-
racter of a lover.

But to proceed directly to the
point: — The noble suitor, yester-
day morning, waited upon my aunt,
to beg her permission to offer pro-
posals of marriage to her niece.
She received hiin with her usual ci-
vility, but absolutely declined all
interference, and proposed to refer
him instantly to an interview with
the more immediate object of his
visit. She accordingly hastened to
inform me of the visitor that was in
the drawing-room, and the nature
of his errand. I shrieked at the
idea ; but as it was her opinion, and
certainly a very proper one, that I
should get rid of hiin at once, I did

not hesitate, all en deshabille as 1
was, to attend him.

His lordship began with some
very well expressed compliments
on my superior accomplishments*
and all that. He then proceeded
to give an account of his rank and
fortune, his house in town, his
country seat, his fine park, his
splendid establishment, and a long
list of similar items ; and he con-
cluded the whole with a proposition
that 1 should become the mistress
of them. The brightest hour of his
life, he said, would be that when he
should conduct mc to the altar. —
A short conversation then followed;
and I give it you as literally as my
memory will allow me : —

" I need not inform you, my
lord, that marriage is the most
important event of a woman's life,
and consequently requires the deep-
est consideration ; but, where the
decision is instant, as on the pre-
sent occasion, it is the most desir-
able for both parties, that it should
be instantly declared. I must,
therefore, beg the favour of your
lordship not to consider it as an
offence, if I, at once, decline the
proposition, which you have done
me (he honour to make me."

" 1 did not expect, indeed I did

not, Miss , that you would be

altogether so peremptory on the oc-
casion as I find you ; nor can I at-
tribute it to any other cause, than
the pre-engagement of your heart
to some other claimant ; and, in
that case, I have only to lament the
cruelty of my fate; to envy his
happy fortune, and to resign my-
self, as wed as I can, to the inesti-
mable loss which 1 have sustained. "

" 1 must entreat you, my lord,

LETTER PROM AMELIA.

221

by no means to entertain a notion
so entirely erroneous. My heart is
my own ; and, as far as I can
judge, it is likely to remain so. I
shall not, at the same time, deny
that I have very seriously reflected
on that situation in which you pro-
pose me to engage, and have been
sagely instructed on the interesting
topic, by that experience which
Was best qualified for the important
task. I have consequently adopted
certain fixed principles, on which
alone I shall enter into the married
6tate ; and I do not feel their co-
operation at the present moment."

" My estate is very large, and
accompanied with circumstances
very flattering to the possessor
of it."

" A large estate, my lord, may
prove a predominant component of
happiness, but it is not alone capa-
ble of producing it. Besides, if
fortune is such a principal ingredi-
ent in human felicity, I am already
in possession of it."

" But do you hold rank and
title of so little value ?"

" I estimate them as they deco-
rate, "with their additions, those
qualities which are truly ennobling.
But, young as I am, my lord, I
have lived long enough to see a
great deal of miseiy, which the ho-
nours of a coronet could not alle-
viate."

" Is there no pleasure and conse-
quence to be derived from taking
precedence in the world, and giv-
ing the law to the modes and con-
duct of fashionable life ?"

" I should suppose, my lord,
from the contest I perceive for such
a pre-eminence, that some happi-
ness, real or imaginary, must be
derived from it. But whatever it
No. X. Vol. II.

may be, it cannot be very long-
lived: and were it of much longer
duration than I suspect it to be, I
should never seek it, nor would I
possess it : — I shall never aspire io
such a distinction. • My views take
their flight in an humbler region of
the fashionable atmosphere."
lt You argue very philosophi-

cally indeed, Mies

But I

must own that I did not come with
the expectation that you would em-
ploy those weapons in defence of
the fortress, which you must have
borrowed from the rusty armoury
of your grandmamma."

" Your lordship cannot, in my
opinion, pay me an higher compli-
ment than you have now done ; and
it appears to me to be owing to the
neglect of that rusty weapon called
common sense, on these occasions,
that there are so many ill-sorted and
unhappy marriages. — But I wish,
my lord, to put an end to this
conversation : it cannot terminate
as you appear to wish ; and I see
no reason why you should be de-
sirous to prolong it."

u With all your fine reasoning,

Miss , the world would be very

much surprised, were it to be in-
formetl that you had refused the of-
fer which has this morning been
made to you."

" I feel no alarms, my lord, at
any communication, which may be
made public, on the subject of our
conference; nor am I afraid of the
interpretations which would result
from it. I shall certainly never
mention it; and I think your lord-
ship will have discretion enough
never to let it pass your lips."

" For your sake, madam, I may
be silent on the subject."

Having delivered this last scn-
Ii

232

SEVENTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

fence in a great; huff, he meant to j
finish if by bouncing from his seat ;
but ihe effort put him to so much
pain, that he was obliged to accept
of my assistance to raise him upon j
his feet; when, with a look of ex-
treme displeasure and disappoint-
ment, he hobbled out of the room,
without a look or a word of adieu.
— I was wicked enough to wish to
see the last of him, and from the
drawing-room window I observed,
that it was with the aid of two ser-
vants that he contrived to get into
his carriage.

Do you know, my dear mother,
that J hi If suspect the unlucky Lady
Elizabeth of being at the bottom of
all this : if it should be so, I will
not absolutely quarrel with her, but
J would most willingly have ex-

cused her the joke'. I am not afraid
of furnishing an anecdote for the
he an ?nomle on this occasion;
though something pleasant enough
might be made of it. J shall hold
my tongue, and I think his lord-
ship will hold his; and my only
confidantes are my aunt and your-
self. It is not so easy a matter as
may be imagined to say wr>, with a
good grace ; but, considering that
it is the first time I have appeared
in this character, I flatter myself
that I shall be favoured with your
applause ; and with that hope I
conclude my letter.

I remain, my dear and honoured
mother, your most affectionate, and
dutiful daughter,

Amelia.

LETTERS FROM ITALY.

Continuation of Letter VII.

The enthusiastic fervency with
which the venerable father uttered
these words, left no doubt, that he
would be as ready to shed his blood
in the cause of his faith as his saint,
and greatly raised him in my esti-
mation. I felt no longer the same
reluctance to visit the spot of the
saint's martyrdom, and cheerfully
followed my conductor on the road
towards theSolfatara.

We had scarcely entered a small,
but neat church, when Anselmo led
me into a chapel, and pointing to a
piece of sculpture, in white mar-
ble, " Here," said he, " you be-
hold the most valuable treasure pf
antiquity, both in point of art, and
on account of its exhibiting the
true likeness of St. Januarius. It is
the work of a pagan sculptor, who
was a cotemporary with the saint,

and who, through the holiness of
(he work he undertook, became a
convert to Christianity. The mark,
sir, which you perceive around the
nose, is a lasting proof of the mira-
culous preservation of this image.
For you must know, that at the
time when the Saracens ravaged
these regions, and polluted and
destroyed eyefy thing which re-
lated to our holy worship, so pre-
cious a relic was not spared by their
sacrilegious bands And although,
after their ex pulsion, the image was
carefully sought for, and discovered
at last, yet the nose was found to
be panting. All attempts of the
best artists to supply that defect,
proved vain ; no cement, however
strong, was capable of uniting the
two heterogeneous marbles. After
a variety of useless efforts, the face

SEVENTH LETTER FROM ITALV.

2^3

Remained without a hose for many
years. Some fishermen, however,
in dragging their nets from the sea,
had repeatedly observed a piece of
marble among the dirt which tl"j
net usually brings up, and, not
aware of its value, had as often
thrown it back into the water*; but
the constant re-appearance of the
same piece of stone, at every haul
of their net, at last attracted iheir
attention : they shewed it to a monk
of the Capuchin order, who recol-
lecting the defaced state of this
image, thought of trying whether
the newly-found fragment might not
fit it; and no sooner had he applied
the nose to the face of the saint than
it adhered of its own accord, and
without any cement whatever, so
firmly, that it has ever since re-
mained where you see it, and no
force will ever be able again to se-
ver it. And here," pointing to a
place behind the ear, " you ob-
serve the mark left by a boil, that
shewed itself, as a presage of the
great plague which desolated the
kingdom and ci(y of Naples, in the
year 1686."

At the other side of the altar was
the celebrated stone on which some
of the drops of the blood of St. Ja-
nuarys had fallen, when he was be-
headed ; and although day-light
in this chapel was as sparingly ad-
ministered as in any of our linen-""
drapers' shops in Cranbourn -alley,
yet 1 should be wanting in truth
were I not to confess, that some
brown spots were certainly visible
on the surface of the stone. How
far the assertion is correct, that on
the day, or rather at the moment,
of the liquefaction of the saint's
blood at Naples, these spots turn to
a bright red, 1 will not pretend to

decide ; nor shall I be able to ascer-
tain the fact, since I intend to wit-
ness the superior miracle of the two,
at the approaching celebration of
the solemnity in Niples.

Father A nselm perceiving, with
evident marksof inward satisfaction,
the attention with which I viewed
the wonders he had exhibited to ine,
asked, in a tone of innocent tri-*
umph,

u Dite we, caro Signor ?nio,
cosa pensate di tutto questo."

" Non mi maraviglio pin del/a
dhozione del pa polo Napoletano^
con tanti miracoli e monumenti sa~
tri atlorno di loro. *'

" Ah, Signor Don Lm'gi, ab~

biatno per disgrazia nostra peeore

rognose assai nella mandra nostra."

" Non e colpa dt pastori certa"

menle% "

On leaving this church, I fol-
lowed the example of my conductor,
by dipping my finger into the holy
water, and making the sign of the
cross. Perhaps, ray dear T. you
may think this carrying courtesy
too far, and suspect me of apos-
tacy. For my p;trt, I can see no
harm in paying to the religion of
the country we reside in, every at-
tention compatible with the dic-
tates of our own persuasion and con-
science. Father Anselm, I can as-
sure you, was highly pleased at my
conforming to this part of the ritual

* " vVeil, my dear sir, what do you
think or all this r"

" 1 am no longer surprised at the de-
votion of the Neapolitan pe,ople, sur-
rounded as they are by so many miracles
and holy monuments/'

" Alas, dear sir, we have pletily of
scabby sheep in our flock."

"Surely this is not the fault of the
shepherds."
I i 2

£54

SEVENTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

of his church, and insensibly led
(lie conversation to the excellency
of the Roman Catholic religion, till
by degrees he laid actual siege to
my conscience, opening all the ap-
proaches of his eloquence, io make
a convert of me. My means of de-
fence, however, proved superior to
his attack. One battery, in parti-
cular, which I opened upon him,
presently silenced his holy fire. I
told the good man, that I was ready
to enter the lists with him, provided
he would allow my arguments to
be founded upon the New Testa-
ment itself, in the purity of its ori-
ginal (the Greek) language, and
not upon any translation. He ho-
nestly replied, that he was not
master of that language, nor saw
the necessity of learning it, while
there existed such an excellent
translation as that of the Vulgate,
which was on all sides admitted to
be so perfect, as to be at least equal
to the original.

As a repulsed enemy, however,
who, in retracing his steps, docs
not. all at once, cease his discharge
of small arms, but slackens his fire
by degrees, so Father Anselmo, al-
though discomfited in his attempt
on my faith, made good his retreat,
by recounting several most extra-
ordinary miracles, either to stag-
ger my obstinacy, or at least to im-
press a certain degree of respect on
his conqueror. One of those I shall
make free to entertain you with, in
Lis own words : —

<c Have you yet visited the church

of at Naples ?" (I paid

so little attention to the holy fa-
ther's question, which I answered
in the negative, that I have already
forgotten the name of this church.)

" You must know then, Siguor

Don Luigi, that this church boasts
of three of the most precious and
wonderful relics, next to the holy
vial containing the blood of our
protector, which are to be met
with in Naples. The bodies of
three saints are there to be seen,
in such preservation, that the li-
neaments of their faces may be dis-
tinguished as correctly as if they
had died yesterday, although it i»
many ages since their souls were
received into paradise. Indeed,
such is the holiness of even their
corporeal abode, that those bodies
arc in every respect perfect, only
completely dried up, and of course
somewhat reduced in bulk."

" This is no such "

" Allow me to proceed, good
sir. These bodies had long re-
mained in a state of nature, and
were but slightly attended to, till
some pious Neapolitan left, by le-
gacy, a yearly new suit of clothes
to each of them. Now, sir, stu-
pendous to relate, but no less true,
whenever, on the anniversary of the
re-clothing ceremony, the new gar-
ments are put on to them, these in-
animate masses of skiu and bone
forthwith raise their arms, and of
their own accord slip into the
sleeves, as you or I would do every
morning! ! !" (Pause..) " Cosa vi
pare di queslo, eh .**"

" Truly, holy father, I believe
it as readily as the miracle of the
nose."

Indeed, my good T. except the
spontaneous lifting of the arms,
Anselm's story is likely to be true
enough; and this is not the only
instance of a natural mummefa rt
that has come to my knov I -.A

* « What d'ye think cf that, ib: V

SETENTH LETTER FROM ITALY,

235

friend of mine, who has lately
made the tour of Sicily, visited a
convent (near Palermo. I believe,)
where none or its members are bu-
ried after death, but preserved in a
similar manner. In a long jailer}'
a great number of niches are sunk,
and in those the dried bodies of the
friars stand erect, with the same
habit they wore during life, and a
short inscription records the name,
birth, and decease of every one :
someof the niches are emply, being
destined for the monks still living,
or to come hereafter. The same
friend informed me, that at first
sight their grinning faces appeared
to him extremely frightful, but af-
ter becoming a little more reconciled
to an aspect so unusual, the idea of
death lost much of that terror, with
which he had been in the habit of
looking upon it.

I have myself had an opportunity
to witness and examine a similar cu-
riosity, in my journey through Ger-
many, about twoyears ago. Undt rth e
cathedral at Bremen, there isa vault
called the Bley Keller (Lead Cel-
lar), which possesses the singular
property of preserving from cor-
ruption any animal body deposited
in it. The sexton shewed me seve-
ral corpses in shells, which were
dried up to a mummy, and so
light that with ray little fm^er I was
able to iift them by the hair of the
head, not weighing altogether per-
haps ten pounds. The hair and
nails had grown aft;rueath. Among
others there was the corpse of a
woman, said to have been an Eng-
lish countess. Her ladyship, out
of fear of being buried alive, had
desired to be placed in that vault,
probably not considering1 that six

1 traveller. She must have been ex-
! cessively corpulent, for the inflated
skin of her body had sunk into a
labyrinth of innumerable wrinkles.
The latest specimen was a brick-
layer's labourer, who, while roof-
ing the church, had fallen down
and been killed on the spot. But,
although his death happened up-
j wards of 130 years later than that
of the countess, his state of pre-
servation was in no respect more
I perfect than her's. Some fowlf,
j and two or three cats, which had
, been thrown down by mischievous
j boys, were equally uncorrupted.
On my enquiry respecting the pro-
cess and cause of this singular phe-
nomenon, I learned from the sexton,
that no other process was required
than placing the subject in a perfo-
rated shell ; that after the first fort-
night a fermentation ensued, which
gradually produced a discharge of
the internal juices ; that the more;
solid parts dissolved by degrees
likewise, and that when all the
moisture had thus left the body,
which generally required the space
of from four to six months, it was
shifted to a dry shell, and there left
to itself. Whether the same pro-
cess would prove equally success-
ful in any other place, 1 am incom-
petent to decide ; so much is cer-
tain, that the Bremen vault is re-
markably dry, and even dusty, as
I found by my boots, although
the city stands in a low, marshy
country, generally overflowed on
all sides during the winter months.
From the great number of Egyp-
tian mummies, I greatly suspect
that that people had a method
equally simple, for curing the bo-
dies of at least the common class of

would be handled by every curious I their deceased; for eyen the least

£35

Seventh letter from italy.

expensive method of embalming1 re- |
corded by Herodotus, must, with
any great number of corpses, have
been tedious and troublesome.

In some work of travels, I re-
member to have read, that, in the
northern parts of Siberia, the dead
bodies, when onee buried under-
ground, never corrupt at all, the
soil there being frozen summer and \
winter ; and the power of the sun, |
even in the former season, being so ]
weak as not to penetrate above a
few inches below the surface.

All this by the way. Ansclmo
was now going to take me to ano-
ther neighbouring convent, to see
some other pious curiosity — God
knows what ; but I had enough of
spiritual shews for the present.
The rays of the sun, besides, were
nearly become perpendicular, and
scorched me at least, although no
saint, almost to a mummy. I there-
fore civilly declined his oiler, and
proposed an immediate return to
Pozzuoli, whither we forthwith
thaped our course by a new and
more direct road. Oil our way j
home, we passed a stupendous ruin !
of a great aqueduct, with a triple
tier of arches, entirely of bricks ;
some of which, and especially those
which lined the arches, appeared
of an unusual magnitude, not less
than eighteen inches square.
beautifully manufactured and
ed. This must have been the prin-
cipal aqueduct of ancient Puteoii.

On our return to Pozzuoli, we
found our friend, Don Giacomo,
who had but just returned from his
excursion of business. I lost no
time in thanking him for Iris pre-
sent of wine ; and, some time after-
wards, produced my telescope,
which he admired exceedingly, but

would on no account accept of 55
valuable an article, until I was ab~
solutely obliged to threaten him with
my instant departure in case of non-
compliance.

The manners of the Neapolitans
in this respect arc rather singular*
If any thing in your possession?
such as a watch, snuff-box, ring,
&c. happens to be admired by ano-
ther, good breeding requires that
you should immediately tender it to
him — nay, insist, inas strong terms
as the Neapolitan idiom affords
(which is saying a great deal), on
his accepting of the same. Good
breeding, on the other hand, equal*
ly demands, that the other party
should as strongly decline the pre-
sent, under a variation of courteous
excuses ; till, after a considerable
waste of time and words, the thing
remains as it was at the first outset

of this contest, or, rather, h g

of civility. Both parties must ne-
cessarily be up to tlie thing, and on
a par of good manners ; which was
not the case some time ago in a
parly at Naples. A lieutenant of
a Neapolitan regiment of cavalry,
brought in a most beautiful white
spaniel, which performed a variety
of tricks before the company. A
in of an English frigate lying
hi the bay, enthusiastically praised
the beauty and sagacity of the ani-
mal. In an instant, the lieutenant
begged he would accept of the doff.
" I would not think of depriving
you of so valuable an animal, which
appears so faithfully attached to its
r, but thank you all the same."
" Nay, Signor Capitano, you will
confer a favour on me by taking
him on board. I long wanted to
part with him, and I am satisfied he
cannot be in better hands. Fate

SEVENTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

237

mi questo piacere*." The son of
Neptune, whose honesty had no
conception of the insincerity of the
offer, without further hesitation ac-
cepted the present ; consigned the
spaniel to one of his sailors that had
accompanied him on shore ; who,
without ceremony, tied him to his
brown silk handkerchief, and con-
ve} ed him on board the frigate as a
legal prize. The lieutenant made
a very long face to the latter part of
this transaction ; but his civility,
which had caused the disappoint-
ment, nevertheless induced him to
put up with his loss as cheerfully as
possible. lie afterwards made ah
attempt at reprisals, by admiring
the captain's time-keeper; in the
praise of which the latter, however,
so fully coincided, that he declared
lie would rather lose his best bower
anchor in a gale than his watch,
which was indispensible to him in
keeping a correct account of the
ship's course. This rebuff, how-
ever, did not deter the courage of
the Neapolitan. The next time he
met the captain (which was in a
coffee-house on the Largo del Cas-
telloi), he took him on one side",
told him of the irregularity in is-
suing the pay to the officers of the
Neapolitan army ; that four months
pay were now due to him — an incon-
venience he just at that moment fell
the more, as he was prevented from
sending to his aged mother, at
Lecce, the periodical allowance of
twelve ounces!, which he had hi-
therto been in the habit of remitting
to iier, and which constituted the
principal means of her support.

* Do, s!r, oblige me.
X The castle square.

f About six guineas.

That, indeed, he might command
so trifling a sum from several of his
Neapolitan friends; but not wish-
ing to bring them acquainted with
his temporary embarrassments, he
thought he might presume so much
on the friendship of the captain, as
to apply to him for the loan of so
small a sum ; for which he was
ready to give his note at two months,
or an assignation on the pay-master

; of the regime?vt. The honest cap-
tain found little difficulty in under-
standing the purport of this point-

! blank aim ; and not only gave in-
stantly the sum demanded, but,
with truly British liberality, ad, led
another twelve ounces as a present

1 from himself to the old lady, who
probably never received a sixpence
of either — or, more probably, hail
no existence but in the fertile ima-
gination of her pretended offspring.
Donna Giuliana had prepared a
most elegant repast for us, and fa-
voured the company with her pre-
sence ; and Don Giacomo readily
consenting to his sister's accompa-
nying me to Naples, as soon as din-
ner was over, we prepared ibi our
departure. Conceive, dear T. your
humble servant placed beside the
finest girl of all Italy, driving
through a most romantic country,
on one of the most lovely summer
evenings ; fanned by cooling ze-
phyrs on one side, inhaling am-
brosian gas on the other. The joy
of Zeus, when he bore the innocent
Europa on his back through the
silvery waves; the happiness of his
brother, when he stole the daugh-
ter of Ceres from the Sicilian mea-
dows; the pleasure of /.Kneas, when
lie smuggled the Tyrian queen into
the amorous cave, to shelter her
from the shower (umbrellas being

233

SEVENTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

either unknown at that time, or not
worn by military men) ; the ecstasy

of Paris, when ; nay, there

are similes enough already, to put
you au fait of my sensations at the
time. We passed a cave also, the
great Posilipan grotto ; but not a la
Didon — that is to say, in a much
more decent and quiet manner than
Virgil's silence leads us to suspect
was the case with his hero. You
may be sure, had the Mantuan au-
thor written the Ilistoire Secrete,
or Chronique scandaleuse de la
Cour de Carthage, instead of an
epic poem, we should have a less
abrupt account of the mysterious
adventure of the grotto.

Be that as it may, the Neapolitan
couple arrived safe, and pleased
with each other, at the head-quar-
ters in the Infrescata ; and after a
short toilette, went, solus cum sola,
to the play, having previously re-
freshed themselves, in the Strada
Toledo, with some jees, of which the
lovely Giuliana partook, in my
opinion, rather too abundantly. —
The opera was " Chi d'altrui si
vesti presto si spolia* /' remarka-
ble for the probability of the inci-
dents. A young lady of fortune,
on her journey to Naples, in order
to marry a naval captain, who is to
arrive there at an appointed time,
is attacked and robbed on the road
by a gang of highwaymen : her
chamber-maid, escaping by some
good luck or other, pursues the
journey, and forms the plan of im-
posing herself as the mistress on the
captain. The latter, on his voyage
to Naples, is attacked by an Alge-
rine corsair : his servant, escaping

* Who adorns himself with others' fea-
thers, vriil soon be plucked.

by some good luck or other, pur*
sues the voyage, and forms the plan
of imposing himself as his master on
the lady. Thus the footman and
chamber- ma id arrive at Naples near-
ly at the same time, and cheat each
other into wedlock. So far only
can I give you the fable of this cu-
rious dramatic production ; my
poor Giuliana being, in the middle
of the performance, seized with what
she called spasms and sickness, of
which, by her account, the over-
perfumed state of my person was the
cause. It is true, to make myself
agreeable, and also to counteract
the customary effluvia in the Nea-
politan temples of Thalia, I had
dropped an additional dose of otto
of roses on my handkerchief; but I
shrewdly suspect that the five ices
of strawberry, raspberry, choco-
late, cream, and lemon, succes-
sively and rapidly introduced into
the alimentary canal, did the busi-
ness. Nothing was to be done but
hasten home in a caless ; where,
very contrary to my previous cal-
culation, I administered to my fair
patient three tea-spoonfuls of pow-
der of rhubarb, mixed with a q. s,
of magnesia from my medicine chest ;
and wished her a good-night.

Sic transit gloria mundi !

On my early enquiry the next
morning, I learned, to my great joy,
that the remedy had had the best ef-
fect, and restored my patient to per-
fect health. Yet, to my shame be it
said, the occurrence of the preced-
ing evening had considerably damp-
ed the sublimity of my ideas of
female beauty. The exhibition of
the frailties and necessities of mat-
ter, will soon dissolve the charm and
enthusiasm with which we are apt
to behold the most angelic form, or

DESCRIPTION OF A SINGULAR SPECIMEN OF AXTIQUITY. 239

the most transcendant mental per-
fection. Hence it Vas that I con-
veyed the handsome Juliana back
to Pozzuoli, with sensations Jar more
composed and tempered than those
I had felt on our journey the even-
ing before.

She is safely lodged again with
her brother. Nothing, therefore,
prevents the conclusion of this long

and motley sort of an epistle, the
extent of which I certainly did not
foresee when I took up my pen,
whose velocity, instead of dimi-
nishing in its track, seems abso-
lutely to gain progressive accelera-
tion.

" Vires acqnirit eundo."

Your's, &C

errors? ~~~ tm

Plate 21.— REPRESENTATION of a SINGULAR SPECIMEN of
ANTIQUITY LATELY FOUND at G1RGENTI, in SICILY.

Through the kindness of F.
Sastres, Esq. we have the satisfac-
tion to present the public with a re-
presentation of a very beautiful and
curious specimen, from among a

description, hepurchased the whole,
and brought them with him to Eng-
land for that gentleman, in whose
possession they no w are.

By far the most curious of these

number of antiquities recently dis- ! monuments of ancient art, is that

covered at Girgenti, the ancient
Agrigentum, This city was, above
two thousand years ago, a flourish?
ing republic, famous for its power,
and for the splendour and magni-
ficence of its public edifices, which
are attested by historians, as well
as by its present ruins ; for Agri-
gent urn can still boast of more ve-
nerable remains of antiquity than
any other town of Sicily. Mitford,
in his interesting History of Greece,
observes, that " the pillars of the
temple of Jupiter (at Agrig?!uJum)
were so vast, that a man might stand
in the flirtings."

. In February last, Mr. Justberg,
one of his Sicilian majesty's state
messengers, being obliged to stop a
few days at Girgenti, till the packet
from Malta arrived off that place,
in order to take his passage for Eng-
land, had an opportunity of seeing
some pieces of antiquity dug up
there. Knowing the value attached,
by Mr. Sastres, to articles of this
No. X. Vol. IL

delineated in the annexed em/rav-
ing. It is truly remarkable for the
beauty and elegance of its form,
and its perfect state of preservation $
after the lapse of 10 many ages.

The hollow body of the figure,
representing a' cow, was evidently
designed to hold a liquid of some
kind, which must have been intro-
duced by means of the circular fun-
nel in the middle of the back. The
handle near itj exactly resembling
that of a common stone-bottle or
pitcher, together with the tube ris-
ing obliquely from the rump, like
the spout of a tea-pot, sufficiently
indicate the way by which the con-
tents were discharged.

We shall not hazard any conjec-
ture respecting the origin of this sin-
gular article, or the use to which it
may have been applied ; but solicit
th e communications of connoisseurs,
whose antiquarian researches have
enabled them to elucidate the sub-
ject.
Kk

240

ON IMMERSION IN BOILING TAR.*

That impartiality which it shall ever be our endeavour to maintain in the conduct
of this publication, together with the hope of eliciting some farther information
relative to the subject in question, induces us to print the whole of the following let-
ter. The writer is perfectly correct in supposing that it could not be our intention
to offer offence to any correspondent. At the same time, we must request him to
observe, that the answer of which he complains, did not purport to convey our
sentiments, but was sent to us for insertion by a voluntary contributor like himself;
and as it contained nothing which, in our opinion, could be considered personal in-
vective (which shall ever be most carefully excluded from our pages), we felt no
hesitation to give it publicity.

TO THE EDITOR.

Sir,

In consequence of the answer
you gave me relative (o boiling- tar,
in No. 6 of the Repository, you
would not again have heard from
me, but from the supposition that
it could not be your intention to
offer offence to any correspondent.
The facis I stated, under signature
\V. A. M. are still the same, with-
out any " jugging" in the ques-
tion ; nor am I a bit the better satis-
lied by your answer relative to the
subject. It is generally known that
there is a latent heat in tar, but it is
not known to me at what degree of
beat it will boil. It may, by the
thermometer, be correctly ascer-
tained at what degree it does boil.
If at 100°, for inslance, the hand
may easily be borne in it ; but if it
will raise the instrument to the de-
gree that it is in boiling water, it
would of course be impossible to
immerse the hand therein without
suffering. When you have disposed
of this part of my communication,
I will thank you to satisfy me on
the other head, viz. — If any cover-
ing is put on the flesh, it will in-
stantly be consumed, and the pain be
insupportable. It happened, some

time ago, that one of the horses
turning the mill for the operation
of tarring the yarns, broke loose ;
and being blinded, fell into the ad-
joining room, where the tar was
boiling, on a level with the surface
of its floor ; and where, after stag-
gering a pace or two, unfortunately
the poor animal fell with one of its
legs in the copper. It was extri-
cated as soon as possible ; but the
action of the tar was such, that the
hoof separated from the leg, and
the other part (where immersed)
was laid bare almost to the bone.
This fact is on record in Portsmouth
yard. There are plenty of rope-
manufactories in the neighbourhood
of the metropolis, where these par-
ticulars may be easily solved , should
you think the matter of sufficient
consequence. In the mean time, I
beg to assure you, that there was
not the slightest imposition (alluded
to in your answer to my former let-
ter) attempted to be practised in
the transaction and detail of the
subject alluded to herein.
I am, Sir,

Your's, &c.

W. A.M.

Cold Harbour, Goiporl, Aug. 29, I809.

* See Vol. I. p. 305 and 370.

211

MATHEMATICAL QUESTION.

TO THE
Sir,

As I find that some of your
correspondents are venturing on the
unfathomable ocean of the mathe-
matics, I beg the favour that you will
request some learned friend to give
an equation of the following frac-

, 5

tion, viz. — - when p— 1.

. 1— p.
This question was proposed to

Waring and Powell, when they

EDITOR.
were competitors for the mathema-
tical chair at Cambridge, and their
answers were as different as possi-
ble. The chair being decreed to
Waring, a mathematical war broke
out, which lasted above forty years,
when it was said to be discovered
that the answers of both candidates
were incorrect.

I am your's, &c.

Cantabiugiensis.

SOLUTION OF THE ARITHMETICAL QUESTION PROPOSED

IN No. IX. p. 177.

TO THE

Sir,

Although I can scarcely ima-
gine that a question of such easy
solution, as that given by your cor-
respondent, I. H. in No. 9 of the
Repository, cannot be answered,
either by that gentleman or any of
his friends, I have, nevertheless,
sent you the following solution s —

Let x — time elapsed from noon ;
consequently, 12 — x will be the
time remaining to midnight : then,
by the question, | of x is equal to

| of 12— x, or 4 = — —

and 9x = 192—16x
and25x = 192

x= -^:~=7hs. 40min.48sec.
past noon ; which, subtracted from
12, is the remaining time to mid-
night, viz. 4hrs. 19min. 12sec;
and | of 7 hrs. 40 min. 48 sec. = |
of4hrs. 19min. 12sec. viz. 5hrs.
45 min. 36 sec.

Perhaps the following arithmeti-
cal solution also may not be unac-?
ceplable :

EDITOR.

Let it be supposed that the time
elapsed is 8 hours ; then, by the
question, f of this, or 6 hours, is
equal to 3 of the time to come, which
will be | of 6, or 4| hours — for f
of 8 is equal to 3 of 4£ ; but 8 hours
elapsed, and 4{ to come, make 12f-
hours instead of 12 : therefore the
supposition is erroneous. Then, to
find the true time elapsed, say, as
12,5 hours are to 8 hours, so are
12 hrs. to 7hrs. 40 min. 48 sec. as
before.

From your polite acknowledge
ment of, and readiness in, inserting
a communication of mine on inte-
rest, in your last number, I am led
to believe, that the introduction of
arithmetical questions occasionally,
is not inconsistent with the plan of
the work ; if so, I should wish to
propose the following, which I do
not recollect to have seen in print,
and may perhaps be considered as
rather curious.

A gentleman has a library worth
^20, which, at the end of a year,
Kk2

242 OBSERVATIONS ON MR. IIANS0N?S METKOROLOGICAL JOURNAL.

he disposes of for half its value in
new books, and purchases j£c20
worth in addition ; and continu-
ing so to do every year, wishes to

know when, the library will be
worth j/?40.

1 am your obedient servant,
B. H.

OBSERVATIONS ON Mil. HANSON'S METHOD OF KEEPING
HIS METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL, WITH A DESCRIP-
TION OF THE INSTRUMENTS.

The objects of meteorology em-
brace a wide field for investigation.
Tables of the weather may be found
in several periodical publications :
but it is much to be regretted that
no two are alike, and that no regu-
lar system is 3rct laid down, by
which we may apply them to ad-
vantage. These reflections induced
me to deviate from my former plan ;
but even the present arrangement is
far short of perfection, yet I trust
that future attention will supply the
deficiency : the present mode will,
at least, facilitate the means of com-
parison.

A similar journal will be found
in a late literary work (the Athe-
naeum), by. Luke Howard, Esq. ;
and, I conceive, if those who are
in the habit of recording meteoro-
logical diaries, were to adopt a si-
milar plan, it would be the means
of rendering this branch of science
more interesting. .

The following judicious obser-
vations of an able philosopher arc
very applicable on the present oc-
casion.

1st. In recording the phenomena
of a single day, the direction of
the wind seems materially to claim
the first place, as it is (next to the
season, or astronomical causes) the
principal regulator of the whole.

2d. It is desirable to have the
extremes of pressure and tempera-
ture for each day, both for the sake

of remarkable elevation and depres-
sion, ami to obtain a true mean. —
The points, then, which he wishes
to see gcneraliy attended to by me-
teorologists, are these : — 1st. The
prevailing current — 2d. The daily
mean pressure, for the sake of trac-
ing constantly the tendency of this
phenomenon— 3d. The same of tem-
perature, to get a good view of its
gradation and difFerence^-4th. The
actual daily evaporation, which,
being reduced to a mean tempera-
ture, may shew the varying capa-
city of the atmosphere for water ;
at least if we can find means to al-
j low for the effects of winds, or to
J prevent them — 5th. Rain, &c— -
] 6th. Miscellaneous particulars. —
I To these we may add, attentive ob-
' servations on atmospheric electri-
city, and the effects of lunar influ-
ence, together with occasional re-
marks on the, dew-point. I should
suppose, the habit of attending to
the clouds, according to the late
ingenious classification, with the
above arrangement, Mould much
assist the meteorologist in forming
conclusions on the probable results
of other indications.

The residence of the observer is
at the Manchester lying-in hospital,
Sal fort!, a place well known for its
agreeable and open situation on the
north-west banks of the river Ir-
weli : it commands a pleasant pro-
spect down the river, and is situated

OBSERVATIONS ON MR. HANSON'S METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL, j

Talher lower (ban Manchester. The
course of the Avind is noted by a
vane uninfluenced by any contigu-
ous objects. Those points from
which the wind has blown the long-
est in twenty-four hours, are noted
down, which forms the first column
of the (able ; and if there be any
remarkable currents, they will be
adverted to in the results. A com-
ma denotes, a brisk wind, and two
commas a very strong or boisterous
wind. The barometer is a common
upright one, which consequently
lessens the friction occasioned by
the wheel-work of the other kind :
it is placed in an inhabited room,
for the convenience of frequent in-
spection, and commands a north-
west prospect. Before each remark,
proper means are taken to disen-
gage the mercury. The extremes
are found by attentively setting the
index ; for, as the mercury moves
in one direction, it is obvious that
it will give one extreme, and the
index the oilier. The index is fre-
quently adjusted to the surface of
the quicksilver, so long as it con-
tinues in the same direction. Should
there be a change, the index is left
in its place ; and, at the next ob-
servation (at 10 o'clock P.M.),
the mercury and index shew respec-
tively the maximum and minimum.,
during the last twenty-four hours.
If the pressure has been uniformly
increasing, the maximum of yester-
day is the minimum of to-day : if
decreasing, (he contrary. It is very
rare that above one change takes
place in a day : but should it so
happen, the same would be noted.
Six's thermometer is the instru-
ment made use of for ascertaining
the extremes of temperature ; an
account of which is inserted in the I

seventy-second volume of the Phi-?
losophical Transactions. The therr
mometer is placed at the outside of
a window-frame, 50 feet above the
surface of the river ; it faces the
north, consequently it is not influ-
enced by either the direct rays of
the sun, or its reflection. For the
better security of the floats, the
thermometer was inclined to an an-
gle of 45°, and fastened against the
wall, to prevent its being shaken
by violent winds ; but I soon found
that this position would not do, for
globules of mercury got entangled
betwixt the floats and the glass,
which rendered them immovable,
and consequently unfit for use. It
is now placed in a perpendicular
direction, and has been used every
day for these twelve months past,
without any inconvenience, or de-r
rangement. It is visited towards
evening, and the extremes of the
preceding twenty-four hours are.
seen at one view : having noted
them down, a small magnet is ap-
plied to those parts against which
the indexes rest ; by this process,
the floats are brought down to tho
surface of the quicksilver ; it is then.
recti fled for another remark. — The
observations in the journal relate to
a period of twenty-four hours, reck-
oning from ten o'clock the preced-
ing evening, to ten o'clock, P. M.
on the day of the date. The daily
means of pressure and temperature
arc found by adding the maximum
and minimum together, and divid-
ing them by two. In the column
of the weather is noted the general
appearance of the day, such as
cloudy, showery, fine, clear,gloomy,
&c. &c. ; but at some future period
I intend to substitute columns of
the modifications of the clouds,

SILVEIt COIN FOUND IN IRELAND,

which will prove more interercsting,
as it will probably be the means of
pointing out their relations with the
state of the pressure and tempera-
ture. The rain-guage is next to be
considered, which may be divided
into three parts, the funnel and
tube, the vessel to receive the wa-
ter, and the guage to measure it.
The funnel, which is made of com-
mon sheet tin, and painted, is six
inches in diameter, and is furnished
with an upright rim, about an inch
broad. It is placed at the top of the
hospital, at a sufficient distance
from the chimnies. A tin tube, a

quarter of an inch in diameter, pro-
cceds from the lower part of the
funnel, in an oblique direction, and
is conveyed into the attic story,
where a proper vessel is kept under
to receive the rain as it falls. The
scale of the guage is divided into a
thousand parts, corresponding to
an inch of water in depth. Care is
taken to prevent evaporation, as the
water is never suffered to remain
long without being measured. A
dash in the rain column implies a
fall of rain on the day so marked,
but in so small a quantity as not to
amount to .005 of an inch*

SILVER COIN FOUND IN IRELAND,
TO THE EDITOR.

Dubliniae," on the reverse are very
distinct.

This coin was probably struck
by Henry II. that monarch having'
first landed at Waterford in 1172 ;

Sin,

The inclosed silver coin was se-
lected from about 200, which were
lately turned up by the spade, in a
field nearOmagh, county of Tyrone.
They were contained in an earthen
vessel, which, on the discovery,
was unluckily broken to pieces.

The inscription round the head is
so much effaced, as to be illegible,
but it appears to bear the date of
1181*, and the words, " Civitas

* We must own, that we have not been
able to discover the date mentioned by
our correspondent, nor indeed any other
upon this coin ; on which we may, per-
haps, on a future occasion, make a few
remarks, unless some of our antiquarian
friends spare us the trouble. Editor.

soon after which, the principal
places on the eastern coast of Ire-
land submitted to his government.

Irish coins of an early period are
very rare. Among those above-
mentioned, there were some without
date or inscription : these, it is
presumed, were coined by the Ost-
men Kinglets, who held possession
of Dublin for about 200 years prior
to the arrival of the Anglo-Nor-
mans.

I remain, &c.

E. W.

August 6, J809.

245

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE,

(Continued from page 168. )

Mr. Joachim le Breton, in
Ins history of the class of fine arts of
the French Institute, for 1807, in-
forms us, that the class is diligently
proceeding with the technical dic-
tionary of the fine arts.

Mr. Balthasar Solvyns, who has
spent fifteen years in India, is pub-
lishing in numbers, a description of
the Hindoos, with their civil and
religious customs. The plates will
be engraved by himself, from his
own drawings, taken from the life.

Dr. Moreau is publishing a new
edition of Lavater, which he has
endeavoured to render more useful,
by a better arrangement, and addi-
tional observations from the sciences
of physic and physiology. In these
he has combined the substance of
such remarks as have been made by
La Charnbre, Porta, Camper, and
others, with facts since collected.

Mr. Castellan, having made a
voyage to the Morea, and the islands
of Zant, Ccrigo, and Hydra, is
publishing an account of it, with a
number of plates, engraved by him-
self, from his own drawings.

Don Francis Amoros, knowing
how much the class interested itself
in the enquiry concerning the Cy-
clopean mode of building, sent Mr.
Le Breton some extracts from an
unpublished voyage to the island of
Cyprus, made by order of his ca-
tholic majesty, with some drawings
of ruins of the ancient temple of
Venus, at Paphos. The blocks of
these ruins have not the irregular
polygonal figure that characterizes
the Cyclopean structures, but the

parallelogramical form, that be-
longs to the Asiatic system, accord-
ing to Mr. Petit Radel.

The class of mathematical and
physical sciences is subdivided.
Thehistory of tiie mathematical and
physico-mathematical divisions for
1807, is given by Mr. Delambre,
who informs us that

Mr. Burckhardt has proposed a
new construction for the telescope.
He would use a plane small mirror,
like Newton's, but placed perpen-
dicularly to the axis of the large
concave mirror, and at half its focal
distance.

Mr. Biot asserts, from his own
experiments, that aqueous vapour
in the atmosphere does not alter its
refractive power, so as to have any
effect on astronomical observations.
Mr. Messier has collected all the
particulars lie could of the vio-
lent thunder storm that occurred at
Paris on the 21st of October. 1807,
and the extraordinary gale of wind
thai came on the next day. In his
journal, which he has kept far fifty
years, he finds nothing equal to
them ; but on the 3d of November
following there was a storm as vio-
lent, during which the church of
Montevilliers was struck by light-
ning.

Mr. Bouvard has published cor-
rections of the tables of Jupiter and
Saturn; and Mr. Delambre has cal-
culated afresh his tables of eclipses
of Jupiter's satellites, which will
soon be published.

The second volume of the "Base
of the Decimal System of Men-

216

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

sure?" has been published; and
the third, which is the last, is in
the press.

Mr. Berthoud, a few days before
his death, which happened in Au-
gust, 1807, published a supplement
to his treatise on timekeepers ; with
an account ofhis labours, from the
year 1752.

Mr. Bctancourt presented to the
class a model of a lock for canals,
on the same principle as one in-
vented by Mr. Iluddleston, of
Shaftesbury, in Dorsetshire, and de-
scribed in Nicholson's Journal for
April, 1S0.3. We are not told,
whether Mr. Betancourt claims the
invention or not ; but no mention is
made of Mr. Iluddleston, though
Nicholson's Journal is certainly not
unknown to our neighbours on the
Continent, as articles from it are 'of animals. Prof. Prunelle, of

consequently, that the intensity of
the sound, which depends on the
velocity of these vibrations, is hence
found to be different in different
parts of the sonorous wave. He
farther observes, that the causes
assigned by Newton, and other ma-
thematicians, for the observed ve-
locity of sound being superior to
that which calculation gives, are
inadequate. Mr. Laplace ascribes
this acceleration of sound to the
change of temperature, which the
particles of air undergo in their
condensation and dilatation.

The history of the physical dU
vision of the class is given by Mr.
Olivier*

Two prizes have been awarded
by the class, at, different periods,
to dissertations on the hybernation

frequently translated, and inserted
in their periodical works. Mr. B.
however, has added a mathemati-
cal discussion of the principles on
which it ought to be constructed, so
as to be worked with the least
power.

Mr. Mains, of the corps of engi-
neers, has deducted the various cir-
cumstances of the propagation of
litrht. and solved the fundamental
problems of optics, from a uniform
and general analysis. His theory
is said to be entirely new.

Mr. Poisson has investigated the
theory of sound, and shewn that,
whether direct or reflected, it is al-
ways propagated by spherical un-
dulations, with great velocity, in
every direction ; but that the vibra-
tions of particles, situate at the same
instant in the sonorous wave, are
made with equal rapidity, accord-
ing to a law dependant on the na-
ture of the primary impulse; and

Montpeliier, has since sent a valu-
able paper on the same subject : but
notwithstanding these, and the re-
searches of Spallanzanij Mangili,
and Carlisle, to which the class
thinks its questions may have given
occasion, we are still unacquainted
with the causes that dispose cer-
tain animals to sleep through the
winter, and enable them to endure
such a temporary suspension of their
functions.

Mr. Geof. St. Hilaire, professor
it the museum of Natural History,
and successor of Mr. Broussonet
in the Institute, is engaged in a
great work on comparative osteo-
logy* His object is to investigate
the analogies between the corre-
sponding parts of animals with ver-
tebra. If any thing can elucidate
the origin of organized bodies, it
must probably be sought in the
parts that are constantly found,
mure or less, similar in number and

BRITISH SP011TS.

217

situation, notwithstanding their dis-
similitude in size and use, and ir-
reconcilableness with any apparent
final cause.

Mr. Dumeril has treated very
ably on the mechanism of respira-
tion in fishes; in which he has
pointed out some interesting singu-
larities on the organ of taste in
fishes, which he supposes to be the
pituitary membrane ; and on the
vital and animal functions of certain
reptiles.

Several other papers on the class
amphibia have been read. Mr. Cu-
vier has shewn, that there are at
least, twelve very distinct species
of crocodiles in the two hemi-
spheres. He has likewise examined
a few amphibia, that some natura-
lists have considered as tadpoles,
and shewn them to be animals in a
perfect state.

Mr. Dupuytren has demonstrat-
ed, that the action of the nerves of

the lungs is indispensable in re-
spiration.

Mr. Dupetit Thouars has pur-
sued his researches, in confirma-
tion of his opinion, that the prin-
ciple of the increase of the trunks
of trees is in the buds ; that the an-
nual layers of wood are composed
of the roots of the buds ; and that
the little medullary thread, termi-
nating each bud, performs the office
of a cotyledon.

The celebrated chemist Crell has
been making experiments on one of
the most important subjects in ve-
getation, namely, whether plants
can acquire carbon, and whatever
is necessary to their growth, from
pure distilled water alone. These,
which he has communicated to the
class, appear to favour the affirma-
tive side of the question ; but we
cannot pronounce them absolutely
decisive.

Plate 21.— BRITISH SPORTS.

THE WOODCOCK.

This bird, which contributes so
largely to the pleasures of the sports-
man, is in length about fifteen inch-
es, and weighs from twelve to fif-
teen ounces. It has a straight bill,
reddish at the base ; the upper man-
dible is longest. The head is marked
on each side with a black band —
the lower eye-lid white ; the crown
of (he head, (he upper part of the
neck, the back, and wing coverts,
are of an ash-colour, mixed with
black and grey ; the chin pale ash ;
throat yellowish, with small dusky
spots ; the body whitish beneath,
with dusky lines ; quill-feathers,
dusky, with triangular reddish

No. X. Vol. 11.

spots ; the tail rounded, ash-colour-
ed at the tip ; and the legs brownish.
This well-known species is sub-
ject to great variety, and inhabits
the northern countries of Europe,
Asia, and Africa, migrating in win-
ter to the more temperate regions.
In Britain, it seldom appears in
numbers till about the middle of
November, though some are occa-
sionally seen as early as the latter
end of September, or beginning of
October ; their arrival being more
or less protracted by the uncertainty
of the wind and weather at that sea-
son of the year. They generally
come to us with northerly or east-
erly winds. \>hen the more northern
LI

BRITISH SPORTS.

regions become frozen ; and if the
frost in tho-e parts where they breed
is suddenly severe, large flights are
sometimes met with on our coasts.
On their first arrival, they have the
appearance of being exhausted, and
drop under the nearest protection
that offers; such as high trees,
hedge-rows, copses, heath, bushes,
and brambles. After taking rest,
and such refreshment as the situa-
tion affords, they separate into
smaller and smaller flights, till, al-
most singly, they proceed into the
interior of the country. No part of
the const is found to be more remark-
able for their arrival in large flights
than another; Wales, Sussex, Nor-
folk, and to the northern extremities
of Scotland, being supplied with
equal plenty. Immediately after
the arrival of a flight, eight or ten
brace may sometimes be killed in a
morning in one covert with a single
gun.

The woodcock is one of the few
■winter birds that occasionally breed
■with us. It builds a nest of a few
fibres or dry leaves on the ground,
generally at the foot of a tree, and
lays four eggs, somewhat larger than
those of a pigeon, of a yellowish
white, with spots and blotches of a
reddish and ash-colour. It usually
subsists on insects and worms, for
whiph it bores with its bill into
moist places, feeding principally at
night, when its call resembles that
of the snipe.

In some countries, the woodcock
remains the whole year, only mov-
ing in the breeding season from the
plains tc the mountains. In Britain,
it commonly prepares for its de-
parture about the middle of March,
when flocks come down to the sea-
coast. If the wind be favourable,

they are soon out of sight ; but if it
be contrary, they waittill it changes.
Woodcock shooting is a highly
entertaining sport, especially in
those countries where these birds
are numerous. For this purpose,
the smaller breed of spaniels, known
by the denomination of cockers, are
more particularly employed. The
woodcock, when flushed, rises hea-
vily from the ground ; and, in an
open glade of covert, is easily brough fc
down even by a moderate shot ; but
when sprung in a lofty wood of oak
or beach, he is obliged to tower al-
most perpendicularly above their
tops before he takes his flight in a
horizontal direction. This kind of
vermicular flight he makes with
such rapidity, turning and twisting
to avoid the trees, that it is almost
impossible to seize a moment for even
taking aim, with a tolerable proba-
bility of success. As partridge-
shooting requires an almost syste-
matic silence, so cock-shooting ad-
mits of the reverse ; for the greater
the noise in the latter, the greater
the probability of success. Sports-
men who enter into the true spirit of
covert-shooting, and are in a coun-
try where woodcocks abound, sel-
dom go out to enjoy this diversion,
without providing themselves with
a marker well qualified for his busi-
ness. An assistant of this kind is
the more necessary, as a cock will
frequently sufTer himself to be found,
and shot at three or four times in
the same covert ; and when abso^
lately obliged to leave it, will seem
to sink beyond the outer fence ; and
fflidinff along a short distance al-

o o o

most close to the ground, will drop
into some neighbouring ditch.

Woodcocks are seen in this
country till about the first, anc|

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

249

second week in

however, depends

sometimes the
March. This, **«„,., v..,
entirely upon the openness or seve-
rity of the season. If the winter
has been accompanied with long
and sharp frosts, they suddenly dis-
appear within a few hours, as if by
enchantment, with sometimes the
rare exception of a solitary indivi-

dual, near some warm and shel-
tered spring which has not been fro-
zen. They are fullest in flesh, and
in best condition, during the months
of December and January, to the
middle of February ; from which
time, as the sun's rays increase in
warmth, they decline in weight and
size till the period of their departure.

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &c.

Memo 'rs of the Life and Writ-
ings of Al fieri, the celebrated Ita-
lian dramatist, will appear in the
course of the present month. They
are written by himself, and inter-
spersed with anecdotes of several
distinguished modern characters of
this country.

A new romance, from the pen of
Mrs.Norris, author of Julia of Eng-
land, will shortly be published ; it
is entitled Euphronia.

An Italian work, with a French
translation, for the purpose of faci-
litating the acquisition of those lan-
guages, is in the press : it is en-
titled II Modo di piacere in Com-
pagna ; and consists of conversa-
tions on a variety of subjects, ex-
pressly written for the instruction
of youth of both sexes in the art of
pleasing in company, on their in-
troduction into the world.

The author of the Young Mo-
ther, or Albinia, has in the press,
Rosa in London, and other Tales,
in four volumes.

A new edition of James's Mili-
tary Dictionary, containing up-
wards of three thousand additional
French and English terms, will
shortly be published.

A new edition of the Pious Re-
flections for every Day in the
Month, translated from the French '

of Fenelon, archbishop of Cambray,
will appear in the course of next
month.

Mr. Robert Iluish is engaged
in the translation of the sacred
dramas of Klopstock ; the first of
which, entitled Solomon, will ap-
pear in the course of the ensuing
month. — Mr. Huish has also com-
pleted his poem of the Peruvians,
in ten cantos, which will be pub-
lished this year.

A work, which cannot fail to
prove highly interesting to the
lovers of the fine arts, is in conside-
rable forwardness. It will consist
of thirty engraved portraits of the
females most distinguished, at the
present day, for beauty, rank, and
fashion. It is intended to appear
in five parts, and is to be entitled,
The Beauties of the Reign of
George the Third. The portraits
are painted by Mrs. Mee, whose
abilities in this department are too
vvell known to need any comment ;
and are to be engraved by artists of
the very first eminence : they will
be accompanied with biographical
accounts, forming together a most
magnificent folio volume.

Mr. Bigland, author of Letters
on Histoiy, is preparing a General
History of Europe, from the peace
in 1783, to the present time*
L12

250

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

Dr. Edmonston has in the press a
Viczo of the Ancient and Present
Slate of Shetland, in two octavo
volumes.

Mrs. Bay ley will shortly publish,
in three duodecimo volumes, Va-
cation Evenings ; consisting of fa-
miliar conversations on literature
and morals ; interspersed with some
original tales and poems, and occa-
sional selections from other writers.

Mr. Merrick has in considerable
forwardness a History of the
County of Cardigan.

Mr. William Linley, brother-in-
law to Mr. Sheridan, has in the
press a novel, entitled Ralph lley-
bridge.

The Statistical and Agricultural
Survey of Surry, by Mr. Steven-
son, is nearly ready for publi-
cation.

Mr. Faulkner, of Chelsea, is en-
gaged upon an Historical, Topo-
graphical, and Statistical Descrip-
tion of Chelsea and its Environs.
This work will include every parti-
cular relative fo the antiquities, to-
pography, situation, boundaries,
soil, air, agriculture, population,
&c. of Chelsea : with a full ac-
count of all the monumental in-
scriptions in the church, accompa-
nied with biographical notices of
the noble and learned persons there
interred or recorded ; likewise an
historical description of the royal
hospital, military asylum, Win-
chester palace, Ranelagh, physic
and botanic gardens ; and a cata-
logue of such paintings and works
ofartasareat present in Chelsea.
It will be embellished with a series
of engravings by Nisbett and Bar-
low, from drawings made purposely
for this work.

Mr. Bisset, of the museum, Bir-

mingham, purposes publishing, irt
the beginning of October, a grand
Medallion, in commemoration of
the accession of his Majesty King
George the Third to the throne of
the imperial realms of Great-Britain
and Ireland ; and to hand down to
posterity the remembrance of the
grand national jubilee intended to
be celebrated on Wednesday the
25th of October, 1809.— The jubi-
lee medal will be executed in the
same style of elegance as the pub-
lisher's former medallions, with a
finely executed likeness of his Ma-
jesty, taken from an original bust,
modelled by royal permission, with
appropriate legends, and inscrip-
tions suitable to the grand occasion.
— The price of the gold medallion,
will be 25 guineas — of the silver,
two guineas each — and in imperial
metal, 2s. Gd. per dozen.

Mr. Forsyth has invented a gun*
lock, upon an entirely new princi-
ple, for inflaming gunpowder by
means of percussion, which pro-
mises ultimately to be a very great
improvement, both in great guns
and small arms. The inflammation
of the charge is produced (without
flint) by a sharp blow given to a very
small quantity of inflammable gun-
powder, confined bet ween two pieces
of hard steel. The flash from thepow-
deris driven violently into the cham-
ber of the piece, and at the same
instant inflames the nearest and the
most distant particles of powder. It
can be affected neither by rain nor
wind ; — it is not so liable to fire by
accident as the common lock, hav-
ing not only the same security from
half-cock as a common gun-lock,
but can also be put in such a posi-
tion, that, though it should happen
to be cocked, and the trigger pull-

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

251

ed, yet no inflammation can be
produced. Repeated experiments
made with tliis new lock and the
common one, have proved that,
where equal charges of gunpowder
were used, a steel bullet pierced
one-fourth or one- fifth more deal
boards, of equal thickness and hard-
ness, with the former than with the
latter.

At a late meeting of the Academy
of Sciences, Literature, and Fine
Arts, of Turin, M. Boisarelli, che-
mist, presented two specimens of
artificial cation thread, made by
Messrs. Coppo and Parodi, of Ge-
noa. Hetlikewise announced that
stockings, cloth, and wicks for can-
dles, had already been made of this
cotton, but the latter gave only an
indifferent light ; a defect which he
attributed to the maceration of the
material in alkalies, and which it
was expected that washing in water
would correct. The academy was
satisfied of the resemblance of the
specimens to cotton ; and Dr. Riz-
zetti having observed, that by treat-
ing tow of hemp with different
agents, they might be reduced to a
similar substance, he was commis-
sioned to make the necessary ex-
periments, at the expence of the
academy.

Mons. Franconi has invented a
travelling carriage, containing a
complete habitation, and of \ery
simple construction. It is com-
posed of a body fifteen feet long,
seven and a half broad, and six
high, being three feet from the
ground, upon the wheels of a com-
mon curricle. Hacks are placed
upon the four sides, so as to be
able to supply sixteen or twenty
horses ; canvas, which covers the
body of the vehicle while it is go-

ing, may be raised to shelter the
horses; and exhibits the appearance
of a large tent, placed round a pa-
vilion, surmounted with a light-
ning conductor. Doors open on the
right and left, where six steps en-
able the traveller to F,ct in and out
with ease. The interior is divided
by a partition into two apartments,
one of which serves for an anti-
chamber, kitchen, or sitting-room,
and the other for a bed-chamber.
Buth arc suitably decorated. Un-
der the bed arc places to hold linen,
and other things ; and under the
chairs are contrived others for pro-
visions. A stove of plate-iron dif-
fuses a grateful warmth in winter,
and serves for cooking. A table
for twelve persons, upon occasion,
furniture, glasses, and all the uten-
sils indispensably necessary for a
long journey, are suitably placed ;
and, in a basket hung between the
shafts, is a bed for a servant. A
gallery in front of the vehicle is
useful for driving, and enables the
traveller to fro abroad, as it were,
without alighting. Four horses are
sufficient for travelling post with
this carriage, which jolts but little,
and is as well hung as it is possible
to be.

The proprietor of one of the prin-
cipal glass-houses in Bohemia, as-
serts, that he has discovered the se-
cret of rendering glass malleable
and ductile. All inquisitive per-
sons are denied access to the manu-
factory where these researches are
carried on.

The acid, denominated pyrolig-
nite of iron, obtained by the distil-
lation of wood, is employed with
great success in the arts. It has
already been extracted from vine-
gar, without any empyreumatic

252

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLIC ATIONji.

smell ; also from oil : and it is pos-
sible to form with it the base of a
great number of sol vents. M.Vitalis
has applied it to the dying of
thread and cotton, and this practice
is now followed in the manufacto-
ries of Rouen, where black cottons
for mourning-, which used formerly
to be procured from Holland, are
dyed in a solid and cheap manner,
by means of the pyrolignite of iron.
This colour lasts very long, and is
not liable to turn rusty like common
blacks.

M. Rochoux, of Issoudun, in the
department of Indre, has long used
the expressed juice of the barberry
in dying. The root of the plant
boiled in water, gives a very beau-
tiful green, applicable to goat and
sheep skins.

M. Charles Otto, paper-maker
of Saxony, has discovered a me-
thod of sizing paper while it is stil!
in the vat, and in every season of
the year, without using either tlie
shreds of skins, or any other ani-
mal substance.

M. Alexandre, of Bourdeaux,
employs a simple method of filter-
ing water, without either sane!,
sponge, or pounded charcoal. It
consists in merely causing the li-
quid to pass through the capillary
tubes of a piece of hall-worn-out
cotton. It is well known that a
skain of thread, or a ribbon, one
end of which is put into vessel,
while the other hangs over the side-
will very soon become a conductor
of the liquid, which filters and runs
off till the vessel is nearly empty.
This experiment M. Alexandre has
applied, on a large scale, to the
purification of the water of the Ga-
ronne.

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

Religions Emblems, represented
by a Series of Engravings on
JFood, executed by the first
Artists in that Dine, from De-
signs drawn on the Blocks by
Mr. Thurston ; the Descriptions
written by the Rev. J. Thomas,
A. M. Published by It. Acker-
mann.

Wood engraving was formerly
cultivated with considerable suc-
cess, and we have some masterly-
specimens, from large blocks, after
the works of the Italian, Venetian,
and Flemish schools : they repre-
sented, however, little more than
the grand style of design, the exe-
cution being hard and dry ; and it
appears that the superior means af-
forded by engraving on copper, su-
perseded that art. We have the
gratification of asserting of this
work, that there is a depth of effect,
a delicacy and beauty of execution,
which are scarcely inferior to the
best engravings on copper ; and the
designs are marked with that genius
which distinguishes the works of
the artist whose name they bear.
The piety and elegance of the ac-
companying literary part is highly
creditable to its reverend author. It
is hoped this truly meritorious work
will find a place in the library of
every man of taste.
Spanish Heroism, or the Battle of
Roncesvalles. A metrical Ro-
mance. By John Belfour, Esq.
8vo. pp. lx and 277. 9s.
Of the plan of this work, evidently
suggested by the events that have re-
cently occurred in Spain, we shall
transcribe the brief account prefixed
by the author, in order to give our
readers some idea of its contents : —

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

253

<e Although the battle of Ronces-
valles," says Mr. Belfour, " has
given rise to many effusions of the
muse, no poem has appeared in
this country on the subject, formed
upon any other historical basis than
that of the French chronicles. This
romance, on the contrary, is found-
ed upon the circumstances leading
to the event, as reported by the
Spanish historians, the substance
of which we shall briefly relate.

aCharlemagne,emperor of France,
having rendered himself illustrious
by his victories, Alphonso the
Chaste, king of Leon and the As-
turias, being without legitimate is-
sue, and perceiving the greater
part of Spain in the possession of
the Saracens, sent secretly a mes-
senger to the Gallic monarch, pro-
mising upon his demise to invest
him with the sovereignty of his
kingdom, if he would march his
forces into the peninsula, and as-
sist him in the expulsion of the
Moors. This Charlemagne readily
assented to ; and crossing in person
the Pyrenees, with his peers, and a
considerable army, marched into
Navarre, attacked the Moors, pos-
sessed himself of Pampeluna, and
drove them completely out of that
province.

" This compact being commu-
nicated to the nobles and principal
chieftains of Alphonso, they re-
fused to concur in his views ; and
being supported by Bernardo del
.Carpio, determined to resist the
progress of Charlemagne, should
he attempt to enforce his right to
the throne.

" Charles, apprized ofthe change
pi the sentiments of Alphonso, and
incensed at the pairiotic ardour of
the nobility, who had sworn to pre-

serve their liberties or perish, or-
dered a prodigious force to march
into Spain, and to encamp on the
plain of Roncesvalles; whither he
resolved to remove from Pampe-
luna, with the troops already in
the country, to penetrate in person
into Leon, and dethrone the Spa-
nish monarch.

" In the mean time, Alphonso,
aware of his intentions, aided by
his nobles, and in a particular man-
ner by his kinsman $ Bernardo del
Carpio, called the country to arms,
and assembling a numerous army
from the several provinces subject
to his dominion, assisted by Rodri-
go, count of Castile, and the Sa-
racen prince Marsiiius, king of Ar-
ragon (whom Charlemagne had im-
periously called upon to pay tri-
bute), marched against the invader,
whom he attacked on the plains of
Roncesvalles ; and, after a most
sanguinary conflict, in which nearly
the whole of Charlemagne's army
i fell, with his peers and attendants,
obtained a complete victory, and
compelled the Gallic monarch to
return to France, with his scattered
forces, in the utmost precipitation
and dismay.

" The poem opens with the re-
joicings of the French on the fall of
Pampeluna ; and interrupted at
times, in its historical narrative, by
episodes, proceeds to its conclu-
sion, the discomfiture of Charle-
magne and his army at Ronces-
valles."

Respecting the manner in which
theauthorhasexecuted the task im-
posed upon himself, we shall merely
observe, that throughout the whole
performance he appears to us in the
light of a humble imitator of his
countryman Walter Scott, and de»

254

MUSICAL REVIEW.

ficient in very many of the qualifica-
tions necessary to constitute a poet.
Letters and Reflections of the Au-
strian Field-Marshal Prince De
Ligne ; edited hy the Baroness
De Stael Holstein ; containing
Anecdotes , hitherto unpublished,
of Joseph II. Catharine II.
Frederick the Great, Rousseau,
Voltaire, and others, with in-
teresting Remarks on the Turks.
Translated from the French, by
D.Boileau. 2 vols. 12mo. 10s.
These volumes, the contents of
which, asAvill be seen from the title,
are of a miscellaneous nature, can-
not but prove highly interesting,
not only to the lovers of anecdote,
and what is termed light reading,
but likewise to such as are partial
to graver compositions. The letters,
which constitute by far the largest
portion of the work, are addressed
to the king of Poland, to whom the
author gives an account of two in-
terviews with the great king, of
Prussia; to Catharine II. empress
of Russia ; to the emperor Joseph
II. ; to Count de Segur, on the
Turkish war; and to the Marchio-
ness de Coigny, during the celebra-
ted journey of the empress of Rus-
sia to the Crimea ; so that they are
rendered doubly interesting, by the
subject, and the persons to whom
they arc written. From the familiar
footing on which the Prince de.
Ligne lived with those great person-
ages, the particulars which lie re-
lates of them are calculated to afford
a much more correct estimate of
their real characters, than it is possi-
ble to form from the accounts of
persons who were not honoured
with the like intimacy.
The Treasures of Terpsichore; or,
a Companion for the Ball-room :

being a Collection of all the
most popular English Country
Dances, arranged alphabetically,
with proper Figures to each
Dance ; together with all new
Dances for 1809. By T. Wil-
son. Foolscap 8vo. 4s. 6d.
Though we are not prepared to
assert with Mr. Wilson, that excel-
lence in dancing is essentially ne-
cessary to the national honour and
reputation, still we have no doubt
that this little volume will be found
of considerable utility, by all those
who are partial to, and would ac-
quire a proficiency in that art.

MUSICAL REVIEW.

Deux Sonal'es pourle Piano-Forte,
avec r 'Accompagnemenl d'un Vio-
lon, composees et dediees au.t
Amateurs du Piano-Forte, par
D. Steibelt. Op. 67. Pr. 7s. 6d.
la this work of Mr. S.'s we meet
with all those traits of skill, that
charming softness of expression, and
that consummate acquaintance with
the instrument, which Ave have so
often admired in our author's former
productions, particularly when we
had the pleasure of hearing them ex-
ecuted by his own transcendent abi-
lities. It is an old friend whom we
see again. Although few of the
ideas are new, yet, as a great ora-
tor, by the choice of his words, ren-
ders the most trite subject inter-
esting, so the happy talent which
Mr. S. eminently possesses, of ex-
pressing every thought in the most
pleasing and unaffected manner, ne-
ver fails to delight the ear. Both
the sonatas before us, are beyond
the reach of criticism. The subjects
of the different movements, their
harmony, and the numerous modu-

MUSICAL REVIEW.

255

lations, severally betray the pen of
the master ; and to tiave justice done
to their merits, require trie hand of
a master.

Three Sonatas for the Piano-
Forlc, composed^ and dedicated to
the Right Hon. Lady Sophia
Cecily by Lcopoldo Kozcluch.
Op. 53. Price 8s. ,
Another old and favourite ac-
quaintance, with a new gift, as
welcome as the one before noticed.
In comparing the sonatas of Steibelt
with those ofKozeluch, it appears
a matter of doubt to whom of the
two to assign the palm ; indeed, to
institute any comparison at all,
where the merits are distinct in their
nature, may altogether be unne-
cessary. The sonatas before us,
although not quite in the author's
usual style, are conspicuous for
their elegant simplicity; nothing
liarsh or oidrc is to be met with,
and the passages lie easy under the
hand. The bass throughout is emi-
nently well contrived, and not, as
is but too often the case, a mere at-
tendant upon the treble. Among
the various beauties which have at-
tracted our attention, the andante of
the fifth sonata claims particular
notice, on account of its pleasingly
plaintive melody, and a neat turn
from G minor into D major (p. 7,
1.3). The subject of the rondo
which immediately follows, is equal-
ly pleasing, and several of its mo-
dulations through E minor, and B
major and minor (pv- 9 and 10),
deserve our approbation. The se-
cond sonata, although perhaps not
equal in merit to the first, contains
many fine ideas. Among those we
reckon the transition into A b ma-
jor, in the adagio (p. 12, I. 3). In
the 1st bar of the second part of the
No. X. Vol. 11.

allegro, (p. 14, /. 5,) there appears
an error of the press. A beautiful
modulation occurs in the four first
lines of the second part of the alle-
gro of the third sonata, and another
(p. 24, /. 3). The rondo in Eb
major boasts of an excellent subject,
and the skilful manner in which the
author returns to his theme, from
time to time, calls for our warmest
commendations. Upon the whole,
we have seldom met with such good
music at so easy a rate of execu-
tion; and therefore strongly re-
commend these sonatas to the notice
of every student.

The Opera of Sidagero, com-
posed by Signor Guglielmi.
We have already, in a former
number, under the head of Public
Amusements, had an opportunity
to speak favourably of the music of
the above opera. Its principal
songs having since been published,
the work now falls under the pro-
vince of our musical review, and
its merits demand a more detailed
notice. The following are the songs
which have met our eye :
" Pietoso Bio che vedi?" the fa-
vourite " Preghiera'''' sung by
Signor Tramezzani, with the
chorus. Price 2s. 6d.
A most pleasing composition.
The short recitativo which precedes
the chorus, is charming, particu-
larly the solution into F. The
chorus itself is replete with neat
responses. Nothing can be liner
than the pathetic expression of the
words " Signer e ver siam rei"£rc.
(p. 4,) which terminate in another
admirably prepared solution in D
major ; but the transition into the
chord of F, (p. 5, bar 2,) appears
to us rather abrupt. The few solo
bars of Ostredia, (p. 6, bar 2,&c.)
Mm

256

MUSICAL HEVIEW.

are bold ; and the manner in which
the other voices successively crowd
into the harmony, shews the skill of
the composer.

"• Audg.ce, die ehicdi" duct, sung
by Signora Calderini and Signor
Tramezzani. Price 2s. 6d.
The music of this duet is spirited,
and I he accompaniments are appro-
priate; but some of i(s finest ideas
are Mozart's. For instance, the
greater part of page 2 contains pas-
sages, of which a prototype may be
found in the air " Tardi s'avvedi
il tradimcnlo," in Mozart's Clc-
menza di Tito. The ascent by
sixths at the words " capace di tema
que.IV alma non e," (/;. 4) claims
our admiration for its boldness and
corresponding effect with the text.
The change to the minor key at
" indegno spiclato" is likewise
very happy.

*' Del into Sen la dolce calma" re-
ctiativo and air, sung by Signora
Collini. Price Is. Cd.
A peculiar sweetness and naivete
prevail throughout this little piece,
the style of which is that of placid
contentment ; in point of ideas we
have met with nothing novel.
" C'aro sposo a te vicina," duet,
sung by Signora Calderini and
Signora Collini.

This duet possesses much the
same merits as the air before noticed.
Perhaps there might have been
somewhat less of the trite accompa-
niment of thirds and sixihs ; in the
manner of our " IIozo sweet in
the woodlands;' or " All's well"
There is, however, a very good
passage at the words " al tuo
sdegno at mieifurori" (p. 3, I. $).
The allegro movement (p. 4) pos-
sesses a pleasing and, we think, ori-
ginal subject : the first line, how-

ever, p. 5, is not Mr. Guglielmi's.
We have heard that modulation re-
peatedly in Italian songs; among
others, in a little air ofDamiani's,
" In amorognurt dichiara," where
the same passage occurs almost note
for note.

■" Digli che non pavento" recita*
tree and aria, sung by Signor
Tramezzani. Price 2s.
This recitativo is certainly one
of the finest in the whole opera.
The conversation between Sidagero
and Dorbace is very happily ex-
pressed, and the accompaniments are
beautifully independent, especially
in the larghetto, p. 3. The allegro
vivace, which succeeds, is likewise
a spirited and well set movement.
We are the more partial to this
piece, having heard it sung in a
most masterly manner by Mr. Tra-
mezzani, at the King's Theatre.
" Svani il nemico Ongoglio," fi-
nale, with the chorus, as sung
by Signora Calderini, Signora
Collini, Signora and Signor Tra-
mezzani, with the harp accom-
paniment. Price '3s. 6d.
The effect produced by this cho-
rus is that of a full and pleasing
harmony, rather than any scien-
tific strokes of counterpoint. Sida-
gero's minor part in G is finely
contrasted with the chorus in 13
major. To vocal amateurs this glee
will undoubtedly be a high treat.
" Alma grande, cccelso Eroc," ca-
vatina, sung by Signora Cal-
derini. Price Is. 6d.
Short as this air is, it possesses
many beauties-. The style of the
andante is pathetic and solemn, es-
pecially where it turns into A, (p.
1. II. 3 and 4). The allegretto,
which is as lively and playful as
the preceding movement is majestic.

MUSICAL REVTEW.

257

and therefore has the merit of good
contrast, deserves unqualified praise.
" Infelice ove son ?-" the pri-
son scene, sung by Sig. Tramez-
zani. Pr. 3s. 6d.
Unquestionably this scena is su-
perior to every other piece of the
opera already noticed. The first
lines of the recitativo are replete
with plaintive strains, such as the
actor's grief requires. The accom-
paniments fall in between the voice
in a bold and masterly manner. The
ejaculation of despair, " vieni deh
vieni o morte" in a new key (E b
major) is superlatively sublime. —
Nothing can exceed in sweetness
the chorus (i Calma Vaffanno "
and the same words rendered by the
st accede notes (p. 3, //. 2 and 3),
have an admirable effect. The an-
dante (p. 5) is no less beautiful ;
and the colloquial part of the reci-
tativo, in the latter part of p. 6, ex-
tremely natural. It is followed by
an allegro in C minor; which, in
its turn, is relieved by the beauti-
ful subject of the chorus, by which
the whole of this capital scena is
brilliantly concluded. Indeed, to
notice all its excellencies, would far
exceed our limits.

Upon the whole, we congratulate
Mr. Guglielmi on this very pro-
mising specimen of his talents as a
composer ; and we can safely pre-
dict, that his compositions will be-
come highly popular in this coun-
try. A little more of the chromatic
we could have wished to have met
with here and there : for we have
such an opinion of the taste of an
English audience at the Italian
Opera, as to trust that a display of
genuine musical science would at
all times endear the author to them.

" Up all Nigh', or The Smuggler's
Cave ; tin Opera, performed at
the Ijyceum. Composed by M.
P. King. Pr. 15s.
The establishment- (.'fan English
Opera at the Lyceum having pro-
fessedly for its object the ameliora-
tion of English operatic music, we
are ex officio disposed to encourage
both so praise-worthy an intention,
and the efforts of the author, who
has undertaken to become instru-
mental in the accomplishment of
that design. Tire music of " 77; «
Smuggler's Cave" is not distin-
guished by any flights of profound
science ; but it is agreeable, and
well adapted to the comprehension
of the audience and the powers of
the performers j for whom it was in-
tended. The numerous songs are
of easy execution, both vocally and
instrumentdly, and, in general,
pleasing : but to notice every one,
is out of our power. Mrs. Moun-
tain's ditty, li A maiden once &>ho
lovedin rain," is a neat Utile ballad,
and tlie key of A minor well suited
to the plaintive import of the text.
cc The minute gun at sea" a duet,
sung by Mrs. Mountain and Mr.
Philips, is a characteristic marine
composition ; but the first bars are
taken from (or at least the same
with) the subject of an old German
song, " Ohnc licb und otine wein
was zcaer unset leben" (without
love, and without wine, what would
life's enjoyments be). — The song,
" Sigh not for love," bad a good
accompaniment, and the theme is
natural and pleasing, although not
new to us. — " Tom Steady," ano-
ther marine ballad, bears a deter-
mined expression, and will proba-
bly become a favourite sea-song.
Mm 2

258

FASHIONS FOR LADIES.

Without entering into a further
detail of the several pieces contain-
ed in tli is work, we shall only add,
that we have derived an evening's
entertainment from their perusal,
and trust they will likewise please a
numerous class of our readers. They
are void of any difficulties of execu-
tion, may be played and sung at
first sight, and be procured sepa-
rately at a moderate price.
A. CorrCs Serenade, " JJ Incanlo"
originally composed for tzoo Per-
formers on the Piano-Forte, and
one on the Harp, arranged with
a Flute Accompaniment, com-
posed, at Burley onthe Hill, for
Miss Fitzgerald, Miss Finch,
and Miss Emiljj Fitzgerald, and
dedicated to the Right Hon. the
Earl of Winchelsea. Pr. 3s. 6d.
With so many respectable names
staring in our face, it would be the

height of unconiieousness not io ?:ty
something of this musical trifle,
particularly as we should be guilty
of a dereliction of judgment, were
we to speak unfavourably of this
new child of Mr. Corri's fertile ima-
gination. Mr. C. however expedi-
tious in his productions, appears to
enjoy the rare advantage of not
being able to write any thing bad.
In this serenade, every thing fol-
lows naturally on each other. The
andante i* a pleasing compound of
harmony, and the rondo is distin-
guished by its liveliness, and the
neat manner in which the subject is
at different times resumed. The
few modulations which occur, have
the merit of correctness rather than
novelty. He must be fastidious in«
deed, who would iind fault with the
composition of this serenade.

FASHIONS FOR LADIES.

PLATE 24. A BALL DRESS.

A light blue, or grey chemise
robe, of gossamer net, imperial
crape, or Spanish gauze, worn over
white pealing satin, ornamented up
the front with French bows and
knots of silver. A full melon sleeve,
formed of the same material as the
dress, and alternate stripes of white
satin ; finished with bows and knots
of silver. A double roll of white
satin round the neck of the robe, by
way of tucker. Hair falling in na-
tural and irregular curls on the
forehead ; confined in a bow and
curled ends, or in plaited braids, at
the back of the head, with a dia-
mond comb. Diamond bandeau,
with necklace, armlets, and drop
ear- rings of the same. Slippers of

white satin, with silver clasps.
French kid gloves, just escaping
the elbow. Fan of carved ivory.

PLATE 25. WALKING DRESS.

A fine cambric or Indian muslin
high gown, with long sleeves and
falling collar, ornamented at the
feet, and round the neck, with ap-
pliqued lace or needle-work. Deep
amber broach, or gold filigree
buckle, confining the dress at the
throat and waist, with bracelets en
suite. G'old chain and opera glass.
The woodland hat of fine plaited
straw or chip, with ostrich feather
falling on one side. A French cloak
of bright purple sarsnet or velvet,
lined with amber or rose colour, and
trimmed entirely round with broad
black lace and beading. Purple

Plate 2. 4. Vol.2.

*:& j

.JL.TL

U°20.ofAcKEiMANN's Repository o °ub Oc£lsMo9.<tf201.StrandLO

F late 26. Vol. 2.

WA I - D RE

^"MofAcKEBMANN'sREPOsnOKrofARTS tdJfal 0<£l*ti80Q,all01l Strand. LONDON.

FOURTH LETTER FROM A YOUNG LADY.

259

parasol, with deep, white or amber
awning. Shoes and gloves of buff
kid.

N. B. There is no change in
gentlemen" 's dresses since our last.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON
FEMALE FASHIONS.

In reply to the repeated and anx-
ious enquiries of the readers of the
Repository after their Arbiter Ele-
gantiarum, I now rc-appcar, for
ihe purpose of assuring ray fair
friends that I am still living, and
etill as much as ever devoted to their
service ; and when the flying camp
of fashion shall be given up for win-
ter quarters, I shall be found at my
post, armed at all points, prepared
to guard the sacred haunts against
the inroads of folly and caprice,
and to repel the attacks of that pow-
erful and merciless enemy to beau-
ty— bad taste.

To let my readers into a secret, I
must tell them that there has been
some policy in this suspension of
arms. My system of warfare was
of so novel a kind, my attacks so
general, and my plans so extensive,
that it became necessary to wait
a while, and observe the impres-
sions made by the first onset. It
will be recollected that my attack
was not directed against any parti-
cular cap, bonnet, handkerchief,
cloak, or mantle, but against the
whole system (if system it may be
called) of fashionable decoration ;
and I must take to myself this cre-

dit, that, unlike other warriors, who
are stimulated by the love of power
or the pride of conquest, and whosf;
chief aim is to destroy ; the ulti-
mate end of my warfare has been to
enlighten and improve — to furnish
my fair country-women with the
means of adding force to those
charms with which nature has so
liberally and abundantly endowed
them — to make ordinary features in-
teresting, and beauty omnipotent.

Another reason for suspending
my strictures, was the hope that
some of my readers would be tempt-
ed to enter the lists with me in the
way of argument, and that other*
might furnish hints in corrobora-
tion of my views. In this I have
not been disappointed. One lady
has, indeed, attacked my system
in rhyme*, and has declared, in
the name of her sex, that, in spite
of reason, sense, and taste, ladies
will still continue to dress— -just a$
they please.

In a future number, I will endea-
vour to answer both my poetical
and prose correspondents ; but, for
the present, I can only observe,
that no argument has been adduced,
nor has any thing in my own expe-
rience occurred, to shake my faith
in the general rules which I had last
winter the honour Jirst to systema-
tize and promulgate.

Arbiter Elegantiarum.

* See Poetical Magazine, No. III. p. 140.

FOURTH LETTER FROM A YOUNG LADY IN THE GAY
WORLD, TO HER SISTER IN THE COUNTRY.

Brighton, Sept. — , ]'J0J).

Well, my dear sister, I must
own that I feel mj'self not wholly
undeserving the reproach contained

in your letter now before me : but
let me hasten to inform you — that
letter, although written ten clays
since, I did not receive till this

'C0

fO UHTIl LETTER PROM A YOUNG fADY.

morning, owing to our having beer
rolling about from one gay scene to
•another ever since we left the Tur-
tles in Hampshire; and, to say the
trutli, we were all heartily glad to
be emancipated. Nothing, surely,
can be more sickening to a third
person, than the company of these
votaries of Cupid, who were so sur-
feitingly sweet during the honey-
moon, that one may naturally enough
look for that acidity which com-
monly follows.

My Lord L is rather of the

dronish and dandling order of hus-
bands ; and my lady of the senti-
mental, susceptible, and tender
cast. All nerve, and ail fibre, she

" Tunis at each touch of joy or woe;
«' And, turning, trembles too."

Heaven defend me from making
one at their fire-side next winter !
There never was husband more ob-
sequious than my lord, nor ever wife
more gently acquiescent than ray
lady. Such a regular monotonous
civility reigns between them, that
you long for some untoward event
purely to change the scene, and
jrive a fillip to one's slumbering
energies. 1 hate that climate which
boasts neither sunshine nor storm ;
and I would rather be constantly
sparring than keep my weapon to
rust in its sheath. The one argues
genius and spirit — the other slug-
gishness and stupidity. My /ore,
dear Constance, must possess all the
fire of the god ; a) id 1 would not
even object to his caprices. Cupid
in mourning is a horrid, unnatural
little imp, and will ever be banished
from my door. Oh, no ! my dear
sister, I am not in the least conta-
minated by the gay world : I have
only caught a little experience, and
have learned to view persons and

things in a just light — divested of
that false glare with which imagi-
nation and enthusiasm delight to
deck iheir objects. I find enough
in plain facts to satisfy me ; and I
tell you again, I am determined not
to become the slave either of too re-
fined a sensibility, or too subtle a
sentiment. I am content to take
the world as it goes — avoiding all
the evil, and enjoying all the good
that lies within my reach. I will
not soar too high for my happiness ;
but stoop, with grateful humility,
to pluck each simple flower which
an indulgent Providence may scat-
ter in my path of life. Fear not,
then, dear sage sister, either for me
or my morals ; 1 never yet could
picture happiness in any degree as
allied to vice. I love you, dear
Constance, with my whole heart,
and feel all the sacredness of rela-
tive charms. Believe me, nothing
would be so bitter to me as the dis-
gracing, by my principles or my
conduct, the friends whom I love.
Yet, dear sister, you must indulge
me now and then with this badinage,
I assure you that a little mental
romping is as conducive to the
health of the mind, as exercise and
motion are to the body. I am, you
know, of a lively cast, and love to
sport with circumstances, rather
than permit them to sport with me.
You, my dear C. are too literal
for the present times, and too re-
fined for your peace. For instance,
if Sir L — II — were to swear that
he loved you with constant and in-
dividual affection — thatyour frowns
would kill him, &c. &c. &c. I dare
say you would believe him, and
smile on him with consenting pity :
while the world has taught me to
credit these fine effusions only as

FOURTH LETTER FROM A YOUNG LADY.

2G1

far as they go, and to convert both
the theme and the orator into sub-
jects of mirth and amusement. You
will guess from all this, that the
gallant colonel lias not gained much
ground since my last letter to you
on that subject. To be candid with
you — I hate the fellow ! I own that
I felt a little in danger, from his
decided attentions during the first
fortnight ; but, thank my stars ! I
have seen and heard enough within
these last ten days to be determined,
and enabled me to make an honour-
able retreat.

Lady' Mary and myself hive
made several elegant additions to
our wardrobe ; which, togel her with
a few general instructions for au-
tumnal attire, I shall hasten to de-
scribe for your advantage and edi-
fication.

As the fanciful construction of
mantles, cloaks, &c. has become
too general for a select or fas': ion-
able adoption, we have chosen Bra*
ganza coats, quite plain, formed
of fine white purple velvet, lined
throughout with amber sarsnet. —
The sleeves are very large, with a
college cuff and collar ; and mili-
tary front, finished with large frogs
from the throat to the feci, it fiows
occasionally open in front, being
unconfined at the waist. We wear
with these coats, small gipsey hats,
of the finest white, or black French
chip, tied under the chin with
shaded amber ribbon ; and orna-
mented in front, and towards one
side, with a variegated feather of
the same hues. Sometimes we re-
linquish the feather, and substitute
a bunch of variegated peas, chi-
na aster, or other autumnal flower.
These hats, with the jockey poke,
and cottaffc bonnet, of variegated \

straw or plaited ribbon, ornament-
ed with ribbons and feathers to cor-
respond, together with the Brazi-
lian helmet of coloured or white
satin, with veils of white lace, are
seen invariably in the evening stroll
on the Steyne. The company here
is now becoming more select than
on our first arrival — every decent
house is occupied. The libraries,
walks, and balls, display much
fashion, and some beauty ; and the
company is, in part, very good.
There are two very pretty and
very eccentric sisters here, sporting
it in unrivalled singularity. They
ore the daughters of a rich East In-
dian, and quite uniques, I assure
you; having beauty which gives
licence to whim, and which it i*
diiiicult to disguise. They appear-
ed at the last ball in complete Turk-
ish habits : the trovvsers of the ona
were composed of pink and silver
(issue: those of her companion were
blue, with turbans and crescents to
correspond. Their tunics (which
were rather longer than those worn
by the eastern fair) were of white
satin, with white and silver girdles.
Their loose robes were of gossamer
net, bordered and sprigged with sil-
ver ; their sandals white satin, laced
with silver ribbon. They did not
dance, but they occasioned much
interruption to those who did ; for
•hey attracted all eyes, and arrested
general attention : heartily glad
were many of us when they szzam
out of the room.

The weather has been so change-
able, wet, and chilly, that win-
ter colours are already introduced
amongst us ; and morone, orange,
and even scarlet ribbons, handker-
chiefs, scarfs, and flowers, obtrude
themselves, somewhat unscemingly,

.262

NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, CO VENT-GARDENi

amidst the lighter shades of summer
and autumn. Lady Mary and my-
self, however, reject these incon-
gruities : we are determined to pre-
serve that reputation of a correct
taste, for which we now stand re-
corded ; and which is as obvious
in trifles, as in matters of higher
moment. Though the season is cer-
tainly rather too far advanced for
celestial blue, pea-green, straw, or
lilac ; yet pink, purple, amber, and
rose-colour, afford a sufficient va-
riety, till the colours for the winter
months are decided. Your Arra-
goninn spencer, therefore, I have
ordered of Spanish brown velvet,
lined with rose-coloured sarsnet ; a
military front, with deep cuffs, and
collar of rose-coloured velvet. With
it you will receive the Wellington
bo?inet, formed of the same mate-
rial, and ornamented with shaded
rose-coloured ribbon, and a willow
feather to correspond. This is the
most novel and fashionable article
of its kind, and it is worn of various
colours and hues. There is little
display of novelty in the construc-
tion of robes and mantles at this sea-
son of the year : rich silk scarfs
ate, however, considered as very
fashionable appendages to the draw-
ing-room or dinner party. They
occasionally shade the back and
shoulders ; and, at other times, hang
in graceful negligence on the arm.

The white sarsnet, or simple crape
frock, and chemise robe, with east-
ern or gored fronts of lace ; short
melon, or full-rucked sleeve, or-
namented immediately down tire
skirt; and the bottom trimmed with
a flounce of lace, or double row of
beads, are distinguishable on the
most elegant women here. With
them is often worn the variegated
diadem, solitaire> and neck-chain
of divers-coloured hearts. Robes
and dancing-dresses, of coloured
imperial net, or Spanish gauze, are
also in much fashionable request.
The armorial vest and zone is a
unique and elegant decoration : it
is formed of a sort of silver scaling,
and has a most rich effect. Tiaras of
matted shells in gold or silver, as
also of flowers in moss, with ban-
deaus of diamonds, pearl, or co-
loured gems, are the most elegant
ornaments for the hair in evening
or full dress. I send a small gold
buckle, which is now used to con-
fine the scarf, pelisse, or shirt, at
the throat. I beg you will no lon-
ger wear 3'our hoop ear-rings in
public. Caps are (at our ages)
never worn but in the morning cos-
tume. In dress, they arc confined
to women who are past their meri-
dian.

Good night ! and God bless you I
Your affectionate sister and friend,
Belinda.

Plate 22.— NEW THEATRE

. The destruction of the old thea-
tre at Covent-Gardcn, by fire, on
the morning of the 20th of Septem-
ber, 1808, and the catastrophe
which attended it, are circum-
stances too remarkable, and of too
recent occurrence, not to be quite

ROYAL, COYENT-GARDEN.

I! fresh in the recollection of all the
readers of the Repository. The pro-
prietors, after this unfortunate event,
lost no time in taking measures
to raise this theatre from its ashes
with increased splendour. The pre-
parations for rebuilding the struc-

^^mj^BVPPBnHIHBnHHHH

NEW TTIEATH7--R0YAL, COVEXT-G A RBEN.

2<5S

ture were commenced and carried I! nafc airs, until the arrival of the

on with such vigour, that by the
end of the year the foundation-stone
of the new theatre could be laid.

On December 31st, his Royal
Highness the Prince of Wales ho-
noured the edifice, by performing1
this ceremony, the prep;: rat ions for
which were in every respect worthy
so distinguished a mark of favour.

An extensive covered gallery
was erected within the area of the
building, for the accommodation of
a numerous and respectable assem-
blage of spectators, who filled it
before 'noon : fronting this, ano-
ther covered gallery was raised, for
the reception of the deputation from
the Masonic body. To the north
of this gallery, and opposite the
stone, was placed a large marquee,
appropriated to the Illustrious
Grand Master.

The foundation-stone, placed at
the north-cast angle of the build-
ing, was an oblong block of Port-
land, nearly three tons in weight,
connected with machinery proper
for suspending so ponderous a mass.
On an elevated platform, parallel
to Hart'Street, were ranged the mi-
litary bands of the two regiments of
horse guards, those of the second
and third regiments of foot guards,
and of the city light hor<se. The
band of the first regiment attended
the guard of honour at the Prince's
entrance, consisting of the grena-
dier company, with the colours of
the first. Several hundred work-
men, employed in the building,
were placed on high surrounding
scaffolds, and naval and military
flags at each angle of the building.
The various military bauds ani-
mated the scene, by playing alter- j

jVo, X. Vol. II.

Masonic order.

The grand lodge was opened at
Free -Mason's Hall, Queen -street,
and attended by a most numerous
deputation of the masters and heads
of the other lodges of the metropo-
lis ; whence they moved in proces-
sion, habited in their proper insig-
nia, and preceded by a band of
music, to the site of the new
building, where they occupied the
gallery appropriated for their re-
ception. The life-guard lodge, in
full uniform, but without arms,
lined each side of the railed plat-
form which led to the stone.

At one o'clock his Royal High-
ness the Prince of Wales, attended
by the Duke of Sussex, General
Ilulse, Colonels M'Mahon and
Bloom field, arrived at the Bow-
street entrance, in their state car-
riages. Here he was received by
the Earl of Moira, as deputy grand
master, and Messrs. Harris and
Kemble. His Royal Highness was
decorated with the paraphernalia of
the office of grand master. The
platform by which he was con-
ducted to the marquee was spread
with green cloth, edged with scar-
let. The numerous spectators on
all sides saluted his arrival with ac-
clamations, the guard of honour
lowered their colours, a royal sa-
lute of 21 discharges of artillery
was fired, the royal standard of
England hoisted, and the united
bands struck up " God save the
King.'' The Illustrious Grand
Master being arrived at the mar-
quee, was presented with a plan of
the building by Mr. Smirke, the
architect, and then proceeded to
th-3 ceremonial.

264

XEW THEATRE-ROYAL, COTEXT-fl ARDEK.

The stone being raised several
feet, li is Rpyal Highness deposited,
in a cavity in the basement stone, a
brass box, containing a large bronze
medal, having the portrait of his
Royal Highness on one side, and
bearing the following inscription
on the reverse :

Gcorgius,

Piinceps Walliarum,

Theatri

Regis instauraudi auspiciis,

In Hoi tis Benedictinis,

Londini,

Fuudamenta

Sua manu ioca%rit,

M.DCCCVIII.

Another copper medal, of the
same size, accompanied this, upon
which was engraved an inscription
as follows :

Under the auspices of

His Most Sacred Majesty George III.

King of the United Kingdoms of Great-Britain

and Ireland,

The foundation-stone of the Theatre,

C'ovent-Garden,

Was laid by His Royal Highness

George, Prince of Wales,

M.DCCCVIII.

On the reverse,

Robert Sinirke, architect.

The box contained also a series of
all the gold, silver, and copper
coins of the present reign. Six
masons, in white aprons, now-
spread the cement, which was com-
pleted by the grand master with a
gilt silver trowel. The stone was now
lowered, the united band playing
" Rule Britannia," and it descend-
ed slowly, amidst the cheers of the
spectators, and another royal sa-
lute of 21 discharges of artillery.
The plumb, the level, and the
square were then successively pre-
sented by the deputy grand master,
the Earl of Moira, with which hav-
ing tried the correctness of its posi-

tion, his Royal Highness laid it, by
giving it three strokes with a mal-
let. The cordage being then dis-
engaged, his Royal Highness pour-
ed upon it corn, wine, and oil, from
three silver goblets, the bands play-
ing " God save the King." His
Royal Highness then returned the
plumb, the level, square, and trow-
el, and finally the plan, into the
hands of the architect, desiring him
to complete itaccordir.gly; and hav-
ing graciously expressed his wish.es
for the success and prosperity of the
undertaking, he retired in proces-
sion with the same formalities which
attended his arrival.

The building, commenced under
such illustrious auspices, was com-
pleted with a rapidity scarcely to
be paralleled in this country ; so
that it was ready for the reception
of the public in less than a year
from the destruction Gf the former
edifice. On the 18th of Septem-
ber, 1S09, the new theatre was
opened with the tragedy of Mac-
betk.

This edifice, which certainly
fulfils the wish of the proprietors,
that it shoukl present an additional
ornament to the metropolis of the
British empire, is nearly ofa square
figure, and entirely insulated.

The architect, Mr. Smirke, has
taken for his model, the finest spe-
cimen of the Doric, from the ruins
of Athens, the grand temple of Mi-
nerva, situated in the Acropolis.
The principal front, in Bow-street,
exhibits a portico, which, though
magnificent, is greatly inferior in
dimensions to the Athenian origi-
nal. It is embellished with basso-
relievos, representing the ancient
and mqdern drama, the former be-
ing to the north, and the latter to

NLW THEATRE-ROYAL, CO V ENT-GARDEN.

265

the smith of the portico. In the
c (Miter of the piece v. Inch represents
the ancient drama, are seated three
Greek poets; the two looking to-
wards the portico, are Aristophanes,
representing the old comedy, and
(nearest to the 'spectator) Menan-
der, representing the new comedy.
Before them Thalia presents herself
with her crook and comic mask, as
the object of their imitation. She
is followed by Polyhymnia playing
on the greater lyre, Euterpe on the
lesser lyre, Clio with the long pipes,
and Terpsichore, the muse of ac-
tion and pantomime. These are
succeeded by three nymphs, crown-
ed with the leaves of the fir-pine,
and in succinct tunics, representing
the hours or seasons, governing and
attending the winged horse Pe-
gasus. The third sitting figure in
the center, looking from the por-
tico, is ,/Eschylus, the father of
tragedy. He holds a scroll open
on his knee ; his attention is fixed
on Wisdom, or Minerva, seated op-
posite to the poet. She is distin-
guished by her helmet and shield.
Between vEschylus and Minerva,
Bacchus stands leaning on his
fawn, because the Greeks repre-
sented tragedy in honour of Bac-
chus. Behind Minerva stands Mel-
pomene, or Tragedy, holding a
sword and mask; then follow two
furies, with snakes and torches,
pursuing Orestes, who stretches his
hands to supplicate Apollo for pro-
tection. Apollo is represented in
the quadriga, or four-horsed chariot
of the sun. The last described
figures relate to part of /Eschylus's
tragedy of Orestes. — In the center
of the basso-relievo indicating the
modern drama, is seen Snak spear e
•seated ; the comic and tragic musks.

with tlie lyre, are about his seat.
His right harid is raised, expressive
of calling up the following charac-
ters in the Tempest: first, Caliban,
laden with wood ; next, Ferdinand,
sheathing his sword ; then Miranda,
entreating Prospero in behalf of her
lover ; they are led on by Ariel
above, playing on a lyre. This part
of the composition is terminated by
Hecate (the three-formed goddess)
in her car, drawn by oxen, descend-
ing. She is attended by Lady Mac-
beth, with the daggers in her
hands, followed by Macbeth, turn-
ing in horror from the body of
Duncan behind him. In the cen-
ter, looking towards the portico, is
Milton seated, contemplating Ura-
nia, according to his own descrip-
tion in the Paradise Lost. Urania
is seated facing him, above ; at his
feet is Samson Agonistes, chained.
The remaining figures represent the
masque of Comas; the two bro-
thers drive out three Bacchanals,
with their staggering leader, Co-
mus ; the enchanted lady is seated
in the chair; and the series is ended
by two tigers, representing the
transformation of Ccmus's devotees.
— Tragedy, which occupies the
niche in the southern extremity of
the building, is a fine figure, hold-
ing the tragic mask and dagger. —
Comedy holds the shepherd's crook,
or pedum, on her right shoulder,
and the comic mask in her left
hand ; and is placed in the northern
extremity of the building, next to
Long-Acre.

The grand front of this theatre
may perhaps be considered as one
of the most correct buildings which
adorn this metropolis, uniting gran-
deur with classical taste. Mr.
Smirke has avoided the error into
N n2

26*6

NEW THLATRE-llOVAt, CO VLNT-Cj A It & gN'<

which almost all our modern archi-
tects have fallen, that of sacrificing
the unity of a whole to multiplicity
of details; and thus fatiguing the
mind of the beholder, without pro-
ducing that delight which can only
result from simplicity and harmony
of parts.

It is contended by some, that tlic
Ionic, or the Corinthian order,
would have been better adapted to
a theatre. They object to the mas-
siveness of the Doric, which they
deem more calculated for places of
divine worship than for places of
amusement. Jint various considera-
tions probably weighed against the
adoption of the former ; such as
the considerable increase of ex-
pence which it would have occa-
sioned ; besides which, the incle-
mency of the weather would soon
have destroyed the beauty of the
ornaments, and rendered them al-
most useless. Without departing
from the pure taste of the Greeks^
the architect has judiciously adapt-
ed it to modern usages ; for in-
stance, in contriving a free ingress
and egress, so essential, particu-
larly in case of tire, without intro-
ducing windows and injuring his
exterior design. With equal suc-

<he windows beneath, of too smal!
dimensions, and thus gives them a
mean look. It is also to be re-
gretted that tlic figures representing
Tragedy and Comedy are too small
for the niches ; and that the height
of the stones under them, adds to
the diminutiveness of their appear-
ance.

We conceive that the new idea of
concealing the roof by a screen of
walls, had chieily for its object to
improve the general view of the
capital ; but we fear that it will not
answer this purpose, as the edifice
is neither sufficiently lofty nor fa-
vourably situated for being much
seen.

The interior of the theatre is
somewhat larger than the late house,
and it differs from those hitherto
built in the form which nearly ap-
proaches to the circle, which is ex-
pected to prove favourable to hear-
ing. The circles of boxes are three
in number, with a row of side-boxes
on each side above them, on a level
with the two-shilling gallery. Im-
mediately behind them rise the slips,
whose fronts form a perpendicular
line with the back of the upper side-
boxes. The one-shilling gallery in
the center, ranges w ith the fronts of

cess he has terminated the principal i the slips ; the whole assuming the

front with a projecting mass, orna
mented with pilasters and niches,
harmonizing well with the portico,
which occasions the resumption of
the frieze and architrave of the cor-
nice and the portico, interrupted on
each side, in order to leave room
for the two basso-relievos ; which
otherwise could not have been in-
troduced, the height not being suf-
ficient. Even as it is, the parts
are too contracted. This renders
both the basso-relievos, as well as

circular form, and upholding a
range of moderately-sized arches,
which support the circular ceiling.
The latter is painted to resemble a
cupola, in square compartments, in
a light relief.

The stage is of admirable dimen-
sions in height, breadth, and espe-
cially in depth. No boxes, except
those over the side-doors, are suf-
fered to intrude upon the prosce.'
mum. On either side of the pro-
scenium are two lofty pillars in sea-

NEW THEATRE ROYAL, CO VENT-C ARDEN.

267

liogla, with light gilt capitals ; be-
tween which are the stage-doors,
managers' boxes, &c. These sup-
port an arch, the soffit painted in
light relief, from which descends
the crimson drapery over the cur-
tain. Above, is a bold and sim-
ple entablature, with the royal arms
resting on its center. The enta-
blature, the devices, and the whole
frontispiece, are in the same light
relievo as the cupola.

The grand entrance to the boxes
is under the portico in Bow-street.
To the left of the vestibule is the
grand staircase ; which, with its
landing, forms the central third part
of a hall, divided longitudinally by
two rows of insulated Ionic columns
in porphyry. This conducts to the
anti-room, with its porphyry pilas-
ters. The doors on the right open
into the grand saloon or box-lobby,
which is ornamented in a similar
style, and assumes something of the
air of an antique temple. There is
another handsome, but inferior en-
trance rrom Covent-garden, by a
staircase witli a double flight.

The third circle of boxes (under
the two-ahiliing gallery), twenty -

eight in number, is exclusively de-
voted to private subscribers, wh<>
have a private entrance and stair-
case. These boxes are separated
by a close partition, and each of
them is entered through a close
square anti-chamber from the cor-
ridor. The saloon attached to this
circle, is in the same style as the
public saloon, but finished with a
beautiful light kind oiverd antique^
instead of porphyry.

The royal entrance is by an open
court at the west end of the theatre,
from Ilart-strect, which will admit
the carriages to the door of the pri-
vate staircase, leading to the apart*
ments provided for majesty.

On the space next to Hart-street
will be built the treasurer's office,
with other accommodations.
. The expence attending the erec-
tion of this edifice is stated by the
proprietors at ,€150,000; but half
of this sum has been raised by sub-
scription in ,£500 shares ; ^50.000
has been received for insurances
on the old theatre ; and the old ma-
terials are said to have sold for a
considerable sum of monev.

PUBLIC AMUSEMENT?.

NEW TIIEATnE-ROYAL, COVENT-
G A a DEN.

This magnificent structure, the
noblest that has yet been reared in
the British empire to the genius of
our dramatic poets, was opened, for
the first time, on Monday the 18th
Sept. The play selected for the
occasion, was Macbeth, to be pre-
ceded by an address, and followed
by the musical entertainment of The
Quaker. An extraordinary degree
of Guriosity had prevailed for seve-

ral days before, to obtain access to
the interior of the theatre, in tlic
course of which it was visited by al-
most every person of fashion now in
town. The public at large parti-
cipated in tii is desire, but few of
them were able to gratify it. It was
not surprising, therefore, that an
immense crowd should assemble,
when admission was obtainable in
the usual way. In fact, the num-
bers collected, exceeded those on
any former occasion. The streets

2G8

NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, CO VENT-GARDEN.

surrounding <he theatre were com-
pletely thronged at an early hour;
and when it was announced that the
house was opened, a general rusk
took place, the door-keepers and
constables were swept from their
stations, and in less than five mi-
nutes the whole' of this spacious
theatre was filled in every part.

So soon as the audience had taken
breath, and recovered from the ef-
fect of their exertions in gaining
admittance, they began to examine
the appearance of the house, of
•which they expressed their unqua-
lified approbation, by loud and con-
tinued applause. It was easy,
however, to perceive that there was
a strong spirit of discontent lurking
among the spectators, which would
burst forth at the first favoura-
ble moment. Symptoms of this ap-
peared outside the theatre, long be-
fore the doors were opened, and the
expressions " Old prices! — No im-
position ! — No foreign squallers!"
were vociferated in every quarter.

The curtain at length rose, and
discovered a superb drop-scene,
representing a temple, dedicated to
Shakspeave, the design and execu-
tion of which were much applaud-
ed. " God save the King" was
called fur and played, the audi-
ence paying the usual compliment
of standing to this national air. The
song was called for, and the per-
formers came forward. So far every
thing was well: but the oppo-
nents of the increase of prices saw
that they were in danger of being
defeated, without the merit of hav-
ing given battle, and they immedi-
ately commenced such an attack as
never has, within our time, been
witnessed in a theatre. A tremend-
ous storm of hisses, exclamations.

yells, screams, shouts, and other
infernal noises, burst from every
part of the theatre, especially front
the pit and first tier of boxes, and
wholly overpowered the utmost ex-
ertions of the numerous chorus on
the stage'. They at length retired ;
and, altera considerable pause, Mr.
Kcmble, dressed for the part of Mac-
beth, came forward to speak the
opening address. The indignation
of the audience was particularly di-
rected against him, and all his ef-
forts to conciliate, or obtain a pa-
tient hearing, were useless. lie re-
peated (lie address, but not a wrord
of it could be heard, and he with-
drew, making frequent and most
respectful obeisances. The play at
length commenced, but the uproar
continued, and the sufrlimest effu-
sions of the father of the English
drama were wholly disregarded.
Even the commanding talents of
Mrs. Siddons, could neither secure
respect nor attention ; on the con-
trary, she and her whole family
seemed to be the objects of marked
and general indignation.

Such were the unhappy auspices
under which the new theatre-royal,
Covent-gardcn, was opened. The
same confusion prevailed during
the performance of the afterpiece ;
and though the curtain dropped at
eleven, it was near one in the morn-
ing before the theatre was cleared.
Fortunately there was but little da-
mage done ; a few lamps broken in
the passages, and some doors forced
and torn from the hinges, in the
boxes, were the extent of the mis-
chief.

The appearance of a serious riot
was at one time so alarming, that
Mr. Read and some of the Bow-
street magistrates came on the stage,

H AYMARIICT THEATHR — LYCLUW.

569

and threatened to rciul the riot act.
— 'The circumstances under which
the play was performed, exclude
criticism. We cannot, however,
omit to bestow our warmest com-
mendaiions en the admirable man-
ner in which it appeared to be got
up. The scenery was classical and
appropriate, the costume splendid
and correct. The " blasted heath,"
and bridge, over which Macbeth 's
army is seen to defile, the magnifi-
cent Gothic hall, in which the ban-
quet is served, and the pitches* ca-
vern, are chefs d' a uvres of scenic
painting.

The house was again opened on
Tuesday the 19t!i, with the Beg-
gar's Opera, and Is he a Prince?
but with no better success than on
the preceding evening. The advo-
cates for " the old prices," were
early at their respective posts, and
so active, and so much in voice,
that during the representation of
both pieces, which were concluded
at the very early hour of half past
nine, not a note or a word could be
heard. The audience in the pit,
irritated by a carpenter's boy in the
orchestra, who snatched one oftheir
flags, a paper with the words " old
prices," inscribed in large letters
thereon, menaced a furious irrup-
tion on the stage ; but they were de-
terred by the sudden yawning of
all the trap-doors, which were
thrown open, and the appearance
of a formidable body of Bow-street
officers, who took a position in front
of the singe.

HAYMAItKET THEATRE.

This theatre closed for the sea-
son on Friday, the 15th ult. It has,
as usual, afforded almost universal
satisfaction. Our English Aristo-
phanes seems to have left his spirit

there, and we never recollect seeing
any but good performers at. this
agreeable place of resort. Not only
its central situation is in its favour,
but the unwearied diligence and
zeal of its excellent manager always
amply fill its small circumference :
i/uleed, during ihis summer, the
difficulty of procuring places has
been almost proyerbi -I. But. few
pew pieces have been acted this sea-
son ; but the excellent cast of their
parts, and the very good acting,
have given them popularity and
success.

The closing pieces were the
Foundling of the Forest, and Kil-
ling no Murder. Mr. Young came
forward, and, in a few words, thank-
ed the public, in tlie name of the
manager, for its protection and sup-
port.

ENGLISH OPEUA, LYCEUM.

It is with much satisfaction that
we continue to record the success
of this pleasant little theatre. The
opera of Safe and Sound has im-
proved by repetition, and grown
upon the taste of the public : though
it has nothing remarkably striking,
yet some of the sentiments are ex-
cellent. Dowton gained much ap-
plause by his apt delineation of the
character assigned him, and gave
full point to the author's ideas, of the
English preferring foreigners to na-
tives of their own country. We-
witzer still possesses all that original
talent for which he has so long been
famed.

Mrs. Mountain's benefit, on ihe,
11th ult. was numerously attended,
and the audience completely grati-
fied by the vocal excellence of our
own country : and while we boast
a Mrs. Billington, while we are

2710

ROTAL CIRCUS — SADLER S WELLS.

charmed with the sweet tones of
Mrs. Mountain, and the pleasing
and improvable vocal powers of
Mr. Philips, we need not surely
purchase exotic harmony at so high
a price. The Duenna has brought
a crowded audience to the Lyce-
um, and we do not recollect ever
seeing a better Carlos than Mr. Phi-
lips. His voice cannot fail of pleas-
ing ; for, with all the melody of
music, every syllable sounds as dis-
tinct as if he were speaking. Mrs.
Sparks makes an excellent Duenna ;
and it will scarcely be possible to
find an equal to Quick, in Isaac
Mendoza. Penson has much comic
humour, and is an excellent Don
Jerome; but, we must say, take
them all together, that we do not
think the male actors at the Ly-
ceum equal proficients in the Thes-
pian school with the females.

On Thursday, the 21st uit. the
late Drury-lane company com-
menced their operations for the sea-
son ; for which, it seems, a third
licence was requisite. We shall de-
fer our observations on their per-
formances till our nest.

ROYAL CIRCUS.

While we give our impartial opi-
nion on the various public specta-
cles, and point out, with the friendly
pen of criticism, faults which may
be glaring, or militate against pro-
bability, yd how sincere is the
pleasure Ave feel when we can utter
praise entirely devoid of blame ! —
The Circus, under the able direc-
tion of Mr. Elliston, affords us that
pleasure. For scenery, decorations,
and superior mechanism, nothing
was ever known to equal that su-
perb ballet of music and action,
Macbeth. Great applause is due

to every performer in their several
parts ; but the scenery " beggars all
description." In the descent of
Hecate, the workmanship of man
sFems scarcely discernible, so much
do the clouds appear as if they
really dropped from the firmament.
The close attention of Mr. E. to
the ideas of the immortal bard, has
made him observable of every mi-
nutia in the times of superstition,
to which this tragedy transports the
memory and imagination : even the
" cloistered bat" is seen hovering
at the windows of the castle. The
mind loses itself in the contempla-
tion of magic incantations, while
the dissembled apparitions nppear
with all the impalpability of sha-
dow, divested of materialism. We
admire the idea of retaining the
scene of Lady Macduff and her
murdered children. The address
Mr. E. speaks with so much ex-
pression, that even the untaught
venerate the names of the dramatic
bards, both ancient and modern ;
and on the first night of reciting it,
some honest tars in the gallery,
amidst their plaudits, loudly voci-
ferated an encore !

SADLER S WELLS.

This theatre, for some years past,
has been on that genteel and re-
spectable plan which has given it
the talismanic power, notwithstand-
ing its great distance from what is
generally denominated the polite
part of the town, to draw together
a fashionable and numerous audi-
ence. The attractive powers of a
Grimaldi — those of his promising
pupil, Recs — and other excellent
performers, are, no doubt, suffi-
cient to ensure success to a mana-
ger like Mr. Dibdin, whose efforts

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS,

271

:md abilities to please the public
have been long known and highly
estimated ; arid, from his varied
entertainments at Sadler's Wells, we
hope that he has received the profit
which is his due. The Aquatic
Harlequin — Columbine Cowslip —
The Wild 3fan, &c. &c. have all
their separate merits and origina-
lity ; and have afforded, and con-
tinue to afford, universal amuse-
ment.

AST LEY S AMPHITHEATRE.

This theatre, at the benefit of
that interesting actress, Mrs. Ast-
ley, we are happy to say, was a
complete bumper ; and as she is
inimitable in her style of acting on
these boards, it would afford the
public much pleasure, and, we
think, highly redound to the mana-
ger's profit, if her performances
were more frequent. Many of the
audience felt disappointed at not
beholding, on that evening, the gal-
lant Duke of Brunswick, who was
expected to have honoured the am-
phitheatre by his presence : how-
ever, they could not but feel them-
selves consoled by that entertain-
ment which Mr. Asfley continually
offers to his delighted visitors.

The Arab has nightly increased
in attraction ; and the excellence of
Mr. Smith's horsemanship, and that
of the two youths of the name of
Davis, exceeds credibility, except

with those who have had ocular de-
monstration of it.

VAUXIIAI-L.

These gardens, which closed on
the 12th ult. with a grand gala, have
been attended, to the very last, by
all the few fashionables which re-
mained in London^ and also by those
of very illustrious rank. The Duke
of Brunswick and his suite honour-
ed them with their presence at the
latter end of August. Mr. Dignum
was then himself again ; and he
gained much applause in Major
Topham's song, which pictures a
fashionable party. The other lead-
ing performers, both vocal and in-
strumental, were, as usual, excel-
lent.—On the lastevening, the 12th
ult. upwards of five thousand per-
sons were present ; but the closing
night of Vauxhall is generally a
motley, and rather riotous scene.
The evening, however, being de-
lightful, drew many genteel visitors
amongst the heterogeneous throng.
Mr. Dignum addressed the public*
in a neat and appropriate style of
gratitude, in the name of the pro-
prietors, to whom we are truly hap-
py to pay our tribute of applause;
for their exertions to please, during
a very adverse season, and which,
we fear, notwithstanding the pa-
tronage they have met >\ith, can-
not have proved so profitable to
them as they certainly deserve.

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS.

It is with the most painful feel-
ings that we review the events of the
preceding month. The battle of
Wagram did not appear io us so
decisive a victory as to make the
cause of Austria absolutely hope-

No, X Vol. IL

less; and we did indulge ourselves
with the flatterim: expectation, that
our armies might have made so
powerful a diversion on the Conti-
nent, as to have roused it to a fresh
contest. In both these hopes we
O o

srs

HCTltOSrECT or politics.

have been lamentably disappointed.
Bonaparte has constantly retained,
throughout all the negotiations for
peace, the advantages which he
gained in the field at that battle.
Many rumours had been in circu-
lation, that the armistice was on the
point of being broken, and that
Russia and Prussia were to support
Austria in the new war. These ru-
mours, however, are now com-
pletely discredited, in consequence
of the official news of the further
prolongation of the armistice. We
can oidy conclude from this, that
the basis of peace is pretty nearly
settled. The terms which are ru-
moured in the papers printed under
the influence of France, are, that
Bohemia is to be ceded to one of
the brothers of the emperor, who
will be obliged to join the confe-
deration of the Rhine ; and that the
prince royal of Bavaria is to many
the daughter of the emperor, and
perhaps receive Austria, and some
other provinces of the empire, as
her dower. We think it by 710
means improbable, that the condi-
tions of peace which Bonaparte
grants, will be of this description.
There could be no way of ruining
the Austrian power with less injury
to the personal feelings of the so-
vereign, than to require one pro-
vince to be ceded to a brother of his
own, and another to his daughter;
and yet these province?, so sepa-
rated, will be immediately added
to the confederation of the Rhine ;
which will, by this means, acquire
a force that Hungary alone can ne-
ver contend against. If such a
peace be really signed, we must
almost despair of the Continent. II
1 he confederation of the Rhine
should be made to embrace the

whole of Germany, and Bonaparte,
in the quality of its protector,
should continue to wield its force at
his pleasure, we cannot see what
power, or combination of powers,
can in future disturb that mighty
empire which he has erected. But
deeply as we grieve at the present
situation of Europe, there is no cir-
cumstance which gives us more pain
than the complete failure of the at-
tempts made by this country to re-
store the balance of Europe. In
our last number, we wrote under
the impressions of the glorious bat-
tle at Talavera — glorious indeed to
the brave soldiers who contended
against double their numbers, and
to the skilful general who led them
to victory, but useless in its conse-
quences either to Spain or to Eu-
rope. We flattered ourselves that
the British blood which was poured
out on that memorable field, would
not have been spilt in vain. Cir-
cumstances, however, which Sir Ar-
thur Wellesley could not controul,
have since brought all the conse-
quences of defeat upon the victo-
rious army. The r^pid march of

Soult.

and Mortier, to the

, Ney,

rear of the British army, and the
strange and most unaccountable
conduct of the .Spanish general, Cu-
esrta, have obliged the British army
to fall back to Portugal, leaving
our numerous sick and wounded to
the humanity of the enemy. We
are happy to say that the French
have, upon this occasion, acted
with great humanity to our wound-
ed and to our prisoners ; but even
in this respect, as well as in every
other, they have all the advantages
of conquerors. The British general
had formed his plan in concert with
Cucsta andVancgas, to march upo«

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS*

27S

jVTadrid, and possess themselves of
this capital of Spain. There can
be no doubt that this was (he best
plan which could have been adopt-
ed ; and there is every reason to
tli ink that, if the execution had
been equal to the design, and Cu-
csta had fairly co-operated with Sir
.Arthur Wellesley, that important
object might have been obtained.
The French, armies, on the con-
trary, united to oppose this plan,
and have completely frustrated it.
They have caused, as they would
wish, the whole brunt of the war
to fall on the English troops ; and
they can now boast of having seve-
ral hundred British prisoners, and
of treating them with humanity. —
Thus, without having won a battle,
they are, to all essential purposes,
in the situation of conquerors. Nei-
ther would it lessen their triumph
for us to lay the blame upon our
allies. They would reply, that they
calculated on disunion — that the
great strength of France is from the
perfect union of her armies, while
the powers contending against her
have never been able effectually to
combine their plans, or co-operate
as they ought. Sir Arthur Welles-
ley has now retired to Portugal —
1 he Spanish armies are in no condi-
tion to make any grand attempt;
and if Bonaparte shall succeed in
dictating peace to Austria, we see
no great hopes of Spain being able
to resist much longer. It' the al-
lied armies had obtained possession
of Madrid, it might have increased,
in a considerable degree, the exer-
tions of the Spanish patriots ; but
as they have failed in their object,
we cannot but conceive that their
spirits will be proportionally de-
pressed. 1£ Bonaparte shall even

be the undisputed master of France,
Germany, Spain, and Italy, we can-
not see what remains on the Conti-
nent that will be able to make any
farther resistance; and then he would
be able to wage war against Great
Britain — that war which he has so
long menaced, that of the Continent
of Europe against England.

Notwithstanding the present war
held out to Europe such a chance
as we can hardly expect ever to re-
turn, yet there was no kingdom or
province which endeavoured to avail
itself of this advantage, except the
small country of the Tyrol. The
brave Tyrolese have indeed acted
most nobly, and have for many
months together braved the power
of the tyrant, and dcfeiited his ar-
mies ; but then this brave people are
left alone to their own exertions, and
have been abandoned even by Au-
stria. If all the provinces of Au-
stria had risen like the Tyrol, it
would have been impossible for Bo-
naparte to have ultimately succeed-
ed ; and it must cause the most uni-
versal regret and shame, that such
gallant exertions should have been
fruitless, and that this brave, but
small nation should find nothing in
Europe that has the spirit to follow
its example, but is obliged to sacri-
fice itself in vain, in the almost hope-
less cause of European liberty and
independence.

It is not only in Spain that our
exertions have been unavailing, but
they have equally failed along the
whole line of our operations. In
the Mediterranean sea, Sir John
Stuart assembled the whole of his
disposable force to menace Naples.
The army was reckoned at 28^000
British and Sicilians. The whole
success, however, wont no further
Oo3

274

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS;

than to fake the islands of Ischia and
Procida, (which were afterwards
abandoned) and about 1500 French
troops, which composed their gar-
risons. This attempt has, in fact,
only served (o prove the strength of
the Neapolitan government, and
convince the people of Naples that
there is no power to which they can
look, for shaking off* the French
yoke. The Neapolitans, indeed,
appear content with their present
government; and Sir John Stuart
mentions the great force of their na-
tional guards, which he would have
opposed to him, if he had ventured
an attack. Without imputing blame
to any one, it must be allowed, that
it is a most mortifying consideration
to Britons, that the great dispos-
able force of the empire has now
been put forward against the enemy
on various points, and h;is com-
pletely failed in producing any
good effects. The characters of
Sir Arthur Wellesley and Sir John
Stuart are so high, that no degree
of blame is imputed to them, on ac-
count of the failure of the armies
under their command ; but it is yet
unknown on whom the blame should
fall, of the failure of the grand ex-
pedition, which was destined against
the hostile fleet in the Scheldt, as
the first step only of what it was
expected to achieve. With a force
that appeared almost sufficient to
change the tide of fortune upon the
Continent, nothing more has been
done than capturing the little island
of Walcheren, which common
sense could hardly mean us to en-
deavour to retain. Never Mere
such great hopes so completely dis-
appointed. We conceive thai those
expeditions have not only done Bo-
naparte no injury, but that they
jbave done hiin the most material

service, in proving, fo all Europe,
the solidity of his empire ; and that
no diversion which this country
ein make, will induce him to de-
tach a man from that great army in
Germany, which menaces the ex-
istence of every continental nation
that dares dispute his will. We
believe that our expedition has not
been of the slightest service to Au-
stria; and we have little hopes of
Russia being able fo assist her.

We, therefore, fear that a peace
may be signed on terms which would
seal, for an indefinite time, the
subjection of the Continent to the
emperor Napoleon. If such shall
be the case, we should have only
to return fothclinc of policy which
some men thought advisable be-
fore the present crisis, and confine
our resources and exertions to the
defence of our own empire, and perr
haps of South America. If Spain
and Portugal must be abandoned to
the enemy, it would be a serious
political consideration, whether, be-
sides the Spanish fleet, a number of
Spanish and Portuguese regiments
might not also be carried off to
South America. The fact is, that
the Wrest Indies have been always
the grave of the British army ; and
Spanish and Portuguese troops, who
can bear that climate better than
Vne British, would be most valua-
ble allies in a West Indian war.

If the Spanish peninsula should
be finally annexed to ihe French
empire, all the stales in South Ame-
rica must clearly see that it is upon
the British navy alone that they
must rely for their protection
against France. This service they
might be able to repay, by joining
us in the West Indies with the dis-
posable part of their forces.

Since our last, St. I)omin<jo ha§

RETROSPECT OF POLITIC!.

£75

yielded to the British forces, and
been given up to Spain. No colo-
nial conquest could be of greater
importance ; and in the colonial
warfare, we have greatly benefited
our allies, by restoring this fine pos-
session to the Spaniards, and by
helping the Portuguese to take Cay-
enne from the French. These great
services would call for some return
on their part ; and we know of no
adequate service which they could
render us, except in the union of
their disposable force in America
with ours, for the common security
of the possessions of the three na-
tions. France has also lost the co-
lony of Senegal sinc^ our last num-
ber was published. This loss would
have been considered a serious one
while France was fighting for co-
lonics ; but we fear her views are
now extended with her power, and
that she looks to kingdoms and to
continents, and not to colonies or
deiached spots. We must, however,
rejoice at the capture of Iter colo-
nies. Great Britain has been as
eminently successful in the mari-
time and colonial war, as France
has been on the Continent. These
are, in fact, the triumphs which Bri-
tish policy has generally aimed at.
Whether the ambitious daring of
Bonaparte (who aims at more than
it has hitherto been supposed pos-
sible to be retained by any human
grasp), be a belter policy than that
pursued by this country, remains
yet to be proved. With all the daz-
zling splendour of his victories and
his greatness, lie has been repeatedly
on the verge of ubsolutt; ruin, and

if once his grand army had been
completely beaten (which at Aspern
was more than probable), his empire
would have been shaken to its very
center. Great Britain, although less
brilliant in her achievements, has
never been exposed to similar dan-
gers : our great naval superiority
has hitherto enabled us to laugh at
the menace of invasion, and our
commerce is perpetually striking
deeper roots, whilst the maritime
commerce of our enemies is nearly
destroyed. If the subjects of this
empire be but firmly united among
themselves, and their energies di-
rected by a wise and patriotic go-
vernment, there would be little fear
of their not being able to defend
themselves, even although they must
be obliged to leave it to time and
chance to dissolve the mighty em-
pire which the genius of Bonaparte
has created.

A change of administration (we
believe a partial one) is now about
taking place. This is the natural
consequence of the failure of our
grand armament. This is, in fact,
the sort of responsibility which is
borne by ministers under the Bri-
tish government, that when there is
a great failure in the measures of
any administration, those ministers
who are more immediately respon-
sible, retire from office. We do not
at present know whether it is in the
contemplation of ministers to make
>a\y farther attempts against the
French armies iri Spain ; another
month will shew us in a clearer
lightthe actual situation of Europe.

576

MEDICAL

Am account of the diseases which have
occurred in the reporter's own practice
irom the 1 5th of August, to the 15th of
gepternber, 1809.

Acute diseases. — Continued fever, 5....
Intermittent fever, 1.. ..Catarrh, 3. ..Acute
rheumatism, 4.. .Inflammatory sore throat,
2....Enteritis, 2.. ..Nephritis, 1... .Cholera,
4....SmaIl-pox, 3. ...Hooping cough, 2.. .
Urticaria, 1 ....Acute diseases of infants, 6.

Chronic diseases. — Cough and diffi-
culty of breathing, 12....P!eurodyne, 4....
Ilcemoptoe, 4. ...Pulmonary consumption,
3.. ..Scrofula, 2. ...Asthma, 1.... Asthenia,
■10... .Chronic rheumatism, 4. ...Sciatica, ]
....Dysentery, 3. ...Diarrhoea, 4.... Dyspep-
sia, 5....Gastrodynia, 5....Enterodynia, 3
....Tyrosis, 2.. ..Ischuria, 1... .Gravel, 2....
Hydrocephalus, 1... .Dropsy, 5. ...Cepha-
lalgia and vertigo, 8.. ..Worms, 2. ..Female
complaints, 12.

Since the last report, the principal dis-

REPORT.

eases which have engaged my attention,
have been fevers, bowel complaints, and
dropsy. At this season of the year,
many people are affected with a disor-
dered state of the alimentary canal. Sim-
ple diarrhoea is seldom attended with
alarming symptoms, and, unless it con-
tinues long enough to induce debility,
requires little medicine ; but the more se-
vere form of cholera, demands urgent,
and immediate attention. This distress-
ing complaint sometimes proves fatal in
the course of a few hours ; but, in most
instances, may be speedily relieved, by
a judicious exhibition of opium, rhubarb,
and aromatics, with tepid diluting drinks.
No person should attempt to prescribe
for himself in such complaints; the least
mistake is fatal ;and many valuable lives
have been sacrificed, by having recourse
to improper remedies, or neglecting to
take them sufficiently early.

AGRICULTUR

Thf. continued showery weather thro'
the early part of this month, has greatly
impeded those most important of all ope-
rations that annually engage the hus-
bandman at this season of the year — the
collection and preservation of the vege-
table productions of the earth, to facili-
tate which a dry atmosphere is always so
desirable.

The wheats in some counties have risen
rather thinner to the sickle, than, from
their appearance, they were expected to
do ; but they are heavy in hand, from
the corn being large and fine, except in
a few partial spots where they were af-
fected by the mildew. In the southern
counties, the wheat is but indifferently
harvested, and will be very cold in hand
when brought to market.

The barleys arc more than an average
crop, but have been a good deal injured
by the successive rains. Where they
were thrown down by the showers of last !

AL REPORT.

month, they have been hedge-grown,
v\ Inch always renders them more difficult
to harvest well when the weather is not
bright.

The oats are a good crop, and will be
very productive, although much of the
grain has fallen out of the ear, and in some
places has been ploughed in, to stand for
a crop next year.

The beans, peas, and all the legumi-
nous tribe, will be more than an average
crop ; but those that do not throw oft' the
leaf, have been considerably injured by
the continued rains and cloudy weather.

Turnips, and all the brassica species,
are very abundant. Potatoes rise a large
crop, and free from rand.

The aftermaths, both of clover and
natural grasses, are very large, and will
produce an abundance of autumn-feed,
as the weather has prevented them from
being mown for lattev hay.

A .!<\i; EH 'Mi WIN D ' ■■■•

ft ft R E C 0 AH SETTEE.

Wio.of. UxBjaamr's zsPosirosyrofJzrs %£Fub.Oc£i?*i8oQ • id i onuos

Ct)e ^Repository

Of Arts, Literature, Commerce, Manufactures, Fashions, and Politics*

R. Ackermann, 101, Strand, London. Il^- ■■■■

277

Plate 26.— FASHIONABLE FURNITURE.

The annexed engraving exhibits,

1. An elegant French window-curtain,
most tastefully ornamented with beauti-
ful borders, rich Parisian fringe, lines,
and tassels, suspended from two gilt ro-
settes (doing away the heavy effects of
a cornice) amber colour, lined withFrench
gray, or fine sky blue.

2. A Grecian settee, or window-seat;
the frame of mahogany, very neatly
carved ; seat French stuiled, and covered

with morone leather, embossed border,
printed on the edges, and fringed en suite
with the drapery of the curtain ; the back
of mahogany open lattice work, carved,
&c. corresponding with the other part of
the frame. This tasteful article of furni-
ture may be drawn from the window, to
any other part of the room, not only af-
fording the highest degree of comfort
and convenience, but being also an el»-
gant and fashionable ornament.

ALLEGORICAL WOOD-CUT, WITH PATTERNS OF BRITISH

MANUFACTURE.

No. 1. An entirely new corded muslin
for morning and afternoon dresses, parti-
cularly adapted for the intermediate style
of decoration for the morning wrap, or
simple evening frock. Footing lace, or
beading, is better calculated to ornament
this article than needle-work. Many la-
dies, indeed, wear it without any embel-
lishment, the rich and striking contrast
of the cord being of itself a sufficient re-
lief. Children's trowsers, formed of this
material, have a very neat and appro-
priate effect. It is sold by Messrs Brisco
and Powley, 103, New Bond-street, at Cs.
per yard.

No. 2. The Brazilian corded sarsnet, for
robes, pelisses, and spencers. This arti-
cle is also of novel production, and pos-
sesses a richness and consequence, which
advances it, in point of elegance, beyond
the plain sarsnet. The weight of the
cord occasions it to fall with graceful ad-
hesiveness over the figure, and divests it
of that liability to crease, which is gene-
rally complained of in the plain sarsnet.
We have seen Circassian robes, and short
dancing dressea, formed of this taslcful
article, to produce a most pleasing 3nd

attractive costume. It is half a yard wide,
and 7s. 6d. per yard, and is sold by Mr,
J. George, 19, Holy well-street, Strand.

No. 3. A pomona green shawl print, in
imitation of Indian silk, calculated for
morning wraps or pelisses, as well as for
gowns and robes. We beg leave to call
the attention of our correspondents, not
only to the taste and union of its pattern
and shades, but also to the peculiar deli-
cacy and silky softness of its fabric. It
is ell-wide, and from 5s. to 5s. 6V1. per
yard ; and may be purchased at Messrs..
Brisco and Powley 's, 103, New Bond-
street.

No. 4. A rose-coloured printed book-
muslin, best calculated for the ball-room
or evening party. It is formed in simple
round dresses, or French frocks, trimmed
with lace, white beads, or blended-wh'rte
satin, and must be worn over white sars-
net, satin, or glazed cambric. This sim-
ple article will recommend itself, as well
from the reasonableness of its price, as
from its lively and animated effect. It is
ell-wide, and 4s. per yard, and may be
had at any respectable linen-drapery at
the west end of the town.

£73

3ft

$)oetrp-

CffELtENHAM WATERS.
Let others curiously explore
The min'ral vein, the sparry ore,
Ttiro' which thy crystal drops distil,
Diffusing life in every rill ; —
Enough tor me — if I can trace
Tliy latent pow'rs in Ciiloe's fate.
Let me attend, while Chloe sips
The lucid vase with ruby lips,
Whilst the light element by stealth
Pervades her frame — restoring health,
Giving that lustre to her eye,
That bids us live — or bids us die.
These wonders wrought, thy water strays
Thro' all the system's viewless maze,

Till by mysterious nature's laws

But here the secret song must pause.'

'Tis thus (so sings the classic mu:;e,j.
The gentle river Arethuse,
•Sinking in earth from vallies green,
Explores its irackless course unseen;
'Till in a cavern'd arch forlorn,
" Grim and sliagg'd with horrid thorn*,"
It meets the light of heaven again,
And winds meand'ring o'er the plain.

E. W.

Cheltenham, July 30, isog.

• Shakspeare.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF BAN
BANKRUPTCIES.
The Solicitors' Names are between Parentheses.

Barber R.Watling street, merchant (Bar-
ber, Temple

Benwell T. Newman street, coach-maker
(Smart and Thomas, Staples Inn

Berry T. Tooley street, tailor (Millward,
Size lane, Bucklersbury

Bloxham,Sir M.Gracef burch street, banker
(Ellison and Dawson, White Hurt court

Bloxham Sir M. T. Wilkinson, &. W. Bloi-
ham Gracechurch street, bankers (Tilson,
Chatham place

Brown T. Russel street, Bermondsey, cur-
rier (Mills, Vine street, Piccadilly

Caley T. Liverpool, merchant, (Cooper and
Lowe, Southampton buildings

CalverJ. Brook stint, RatciifT, victualler
(Uriwih, High street, Shadwell

Can- T. Oxford, grocer (M'Michael, Finch
la:ie, Cornhill

Cleasby W. York, grocer (Ellis, Chancery
lane

Coward F. Foggiest one St. Peter, 2nd J
Brewer, Bin com be, Wilts, clothiers and dyers
(ill.id and White, Essex street, Stra id

County R. Falmouth, merchant [ i'inpet,
Falmouth

Curtis R. Worcester, linen-draper (James,
(Siay's Inn square

Deacon J. Baker street, Portman sqnare,
confectioner (Shephard and Ad ling ton, Bed-
ford row

Docker J. Ludworth, Derby, thread manu-
facturer (Cooper ai.d LOwe, Southampton
buildings

DomyilleT. C. ShefTord, Beds, draper and
laceman (';. ay lor, Southampton buildings

Edwards G. South Lincoln, spirit-nn tcliant
(Leigh and heel, UlacktViars

Elldl J. Qi tie, lead-mer-

chant (Hnn rokenhouse yard

Eliis J. ' julchcr [Orchard,

Huttou eai dea

KRUPTCIES AXD DIVIDENDS.

Elton P. Bolton le Moors, Lancaster, inn-
keeper (Windle, John street, Bedford row

Giddy W. Truro, chemist (Shephard and
Adlinglon, Bedford row

Gregory J. Lees, Lancaster, manganese-
dealer (Toulkcs and Longdill, Gray's Inti

Harvey C. Monmouth, ironmonger (Mayo
ami Berkeley, Gray's Inn square

Hensbaw C. Tower street, wine-merchant
(Berridge, Hattcn garden

HillierJ. Rathboneplace,upholsterer( Mills",
Vine street, Piccadilly

HillyerE. Mark lane, pork-butcher (Noy,
Mincing lane

Hinds W. and J. Jones, Old Ford, Middle*
sex, dyers ^.lones, New court, Crutched friars

Hodgson J. sen. Roekcliff, Cumberland,
merchant (Collins and Waller, Spital squaie

Holloway J. Frome Selwood, Somerset (El-
lis, Hattoq garden

Hoskyn VV. Cawsand, Cornwall, brewer
(Blakelock and Makinson, Temple

Hunter W.G. Islington, underwriter (Cour-
teen, Walbrook

Johns il. ,jun. Truro, victualler (Sandys and
Horton, Crane court, Fleet street

Joulsj J. J. Owen, and H. Abbott, Bucklers-
bury, merchants [Wilde, juu. Castle street,
Falcon square

Kelly J. Shoreditch, cheesemonger [Wright,
Dowgate hill

King J. King street, Covent garden, silk-
mercer [Webster, Queen street, G'heapside

I 1 : W. Oxford street, coach-maker [Beck'
ett, Broad street, Golden square

Lee J. Lewes, linen-draper [Bennett, Phil-
pot lane

MarkT. Thursby, Cumberland, merchant
[Birkett, Bond court, Watbrook

Marshall J. "Fleet market, clothe3-salcsmr.t»
I Coo';, Ausiin friars

MM loud J- Woolwich, wheelwright [Lang-
ham, Bartlett's buildings, llolbom

Oliphant J. Fleet street, tailor [AttistOfly
1 Freeman' 8 court, Cornhill

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

Pearson S Glossop, Derby, butcher [Cooper
and Lowe, .Southampton buildings

Pearson G. Friday street, Cheapside, ware-
houseman [Holmes and Lowden, Clement's inn

Phillips W. Wragley, Lincoln, shopkeeper
[Amici, Sion-College gardens, Aldcrmaubury

Pilkington VV. G. Bawtry, York, innholder
[Taylor, Southampton building's

Potter T. Manchester, grocer [Milne and
Parry, Temple

Prosser J. Sloane street, grocer [Wingfield,
Great Marlborough street

Rinsey W. Oxford street, coach-maker
[A'Beckett, Broad street, Golden square

Robertson D. Finsbury square, wine-mer-
chant [Swaine, Stevens, and Maples, Old Jewry

Roaghsedge VV. VVotton-under-edge, Glou-
cester, vintner [James, Gray's Inn square

Sault W. Southmoltou-street callenderer
[Rutherford, Bartholomew close

SaxelbyeT, Derby, merchant [Lambert, Hat-
ton garden

Shorto E. H. Exeter, cutler [Pearson, Mid-
dle temple

Simonds G. Coppice row, C'erkenwell,
baker [Bennett, Philpot lane

Smith T Worcester, draper [Parker, Wor-
cester

Smith H. and J. Holton, Charles street, and
Suffolk street, Middlesex hospital, coach-
makers [Stevenson, Chequer ct. Charing-cross

Smith T. sen. and jun. Wakefield, linen-
drapers [Battye, Chancery lane

Smurlit J. Bell wharf, Shadwell, spirit-mer-
ehaut [Settree, St. Mary axe

South J. Cardiff, Glamorgan, ironmonger
[Sweet, Inner temple

Swift J. Liverpool, stationer [Shephard and
Adlington, Bedford row

'I hom VV. Leeds, cloth-merchant [Robin-
son, Essex street. Strand

Towue J. Oxford market, carcase-butcher
[Turner, Edward street, Cavendish square

Trevor J. late of Goiusbw', but now in the
gaol of Lincoln, money-scrivener [Leigh and
Mason, Bridge street, Blackfriars

Twycross R. H. Brook street, Htlhorn, jew-
eller [Tucker, Bartlt-tt's buildings

Waylen R. Devizes, victualler [Salmon, De-
vizes

Weaver T. Cheltenham, innkeeper [Piatt,
Temple

Williams W. Tofts, Norfolk, carpenter
[R.illy, Stafford row, Pimlico

Winter J. and J. Acre lane, Brixton cause-
way, Surry, builders [Saunders and Judkin,
Clifford's Inn

DIVIDENDS.

Abraham S. Sandwich, linen-draper, Sept.
16 — Ackermann E. New Broad street Mews,
merchant, Nov. 2 — Agar M. City Chambers,
ship-owner and merchant, Nov. )5 — Agnew J.
Grosveqor square, banker, Oct 10— Am e son
R. Guilford efreet, merchant, Nov. 14 — Ap-
pleby J. Chatham, linen draper, Sent. 26 —
Arbrnin J. liars street, Crnfci ed Fri irs, wine-
merchaot, Oct. 7 — Austin T. Chester, coach -
proprietor 2nd innkeeper, Sept. 13 — Bacon J.
Sutton in Aehneld, Notts, cotton spinner, Oct.
30 — •addetey B. Wbitechapel, grocer, Oct.
3 — Baines J. Ashford, Salop, farmer, Sept.
23 — Babef J. Dudley, Worcester, linen-dra-
per, Sept. 22 — Balding VV. Holt, Norfolk, gro-
cer, Oct. b — Baste r J. Strand, tailor, Oct. 7 —
Bates S. Br< reton, Stafford, grocer, Oct. l~ —

No. X. Vol. 11.

£79

Baity J. Primrose street, Bishopsg?.te street,
straw and chip hat-manufacturer, Nov. 11—
Beetso- H. G. Gray's inn square, raoney-scri-
vener, Sept. 23 — Bell VV. Bristol, linen-draper,
Sept. 23 — Benjamin M. Li -j: street square,
merchant, Nov. 14 — Beswick S. am. J Grime,
Hulme, Manchester, common-brewers, Oct.
iO — Bicknell H. Bristol, J Sutton; London,
and T. Gillam, Bristol, bankers, Oct. 16 —
Booth W. Carlisle, grocer, Sept. 25 — Eoultou
G. East Barnet, farmer, Nov. 14 — Bovven T.
Rhodiad, Pembroke, shop-keeper, Oct. 19 —
]jr id.iock S. Macclesfield, innkeeper, Oct. 16
— Dudley E. senior, Bromley, Middlesex, ba-
ker, Sept. 23 — Brain VV. Sutton street, West-
minster, plane-maker, Oct. 7-— Bruce J. Hull,
master-mariner, Sept. 9 — Bryan S. Grosvenor
mews, chandler, Nov. 14 — Bull S. Brewer st.
Golden-square, tallow-chandler, Sept. 30 —
Burncss J. Liverpool, tailor, Oct. 12 — Cap-
per VV. Holborn bill, linen-draper, Nov. 4—
Carter J. Bishopsgate street, merchant, Nov.
2 — Chambers VV. Carlisle, draper, Sept. 14 —
Children G Dover, sadler, October 31 —
Church A. New Bond street, milliner, Sept.
16— Clark J. and H. Hall, Market Harbo-
roitgh, Leicester, worsted and carpet-manu-
facturers, Oct. 9 — Cogan T. Houndsditch,
stationer, Oct. 31 — Collins A. Mile-end road,
ship-owner, Sept. 23 — Cooke IT. Bristol, mer-
chant, Oct. 14— Cooper B Earl-street, Black-
friars, builder, Oct. 24 — Coulthard J. Buck-
lersbury, warehouseman, Nov. 28 — Crossley
T. Manchester, dimity-manufacturer, Sept.
30 — Croton J. DruryMane, linen-draper, Oct.
7 — DandJ. Kirkby Stephen, Westmoreland,
banker, Nov. 11 — Davidson E. A. Newcastle
upon Tyne, grocer, Sept. 14 — Davies C. St.
John street, carpenter, Oct. 24 — Duvis S. Up-
per St. Martin's lane, cabinet-maker, Sept.
23 — Davis J. Oxford, dealer and chapman,
Oct. 6 — Davis G. Barnard Castle, Durham,
cotton-manufacturer, Sept 28 — Dempsey W.
and J. Acraman, Bristol, tailors, Oct. 24 — ■
Denison J. W. A. Phelps, and G. Williams,
Friday street, warehousemen, Sept. iG — Dcwd-
ney V . Fleet street, jeweller, Nwv. lG — Dob-
son P. Claughton, Lancaster, cotton-spinner,
Oct. 9— Do.w J Newcastle upon Tyne, haber-
I dasher, Nov. 11 — Draper T. City road!, sur-
geon, Oct. 31— Easton W. and R. Eaaton,
jnn. Bucklersbury, warehousemen, Nov. 28 — ■
Eccles T. andB. T. Holbrook, Watiing street,
warehousemen, Nov. 14 — Edgar J. New Sa-
rum, Wilts, surgeon, Sept. n — Emdin A. G.
Portsmouth, shop-keeper, Sept. 30 — Eyler G.
Portsea, miller, October 13 — Fairbridge W.
Gough square, Fleet street, dealer and chap-
man, Oct. 7 — Farenden F. Chichester, bra-
zier, October 23 — Fenner G. Lawrence lane,
wholesale linen-draper, Oct. 24 — Field C. Port-
sea, tailor, Nov. 4 — Field S. Plymouth Dock,
wine-merchant, Oct 2! — FilcockT. Maccles-
field,Cn.-st;:r( grocer, Oct. 19— Flesher B. Liver-
pool; druggist, Ott. _>i — FiyW. and J. Croy-
don, Surry, bricklayers, Nov. 11— Francis F.
L'hiawick, smith, Oct. 21 — GcrrardJ. Swan st.
Mhtories, corn-factor, Oct. j/ — G;Lbs J. Hail-
sliam, Sussex, innkeeper, Sept 2b — Gibson
G. L. Colchester, draper and tailor, Sspt. 27
— Gill R. Wakefield, miller, Sept. 15— Gla-
zier E. Lea briug;', public'.'.), Oct. 14 — Glen-
Ion F. and.i. Nesi, Newcastle upon Tyne,
chemists and druggists, Sept. 26 — Grainger J.
014 Swan laac, broker, Oct". 7— -Gray R. Fort-

ttAK&KUtTttlKS AND DIVIDENDS.

gfel

•if a, builder, Oct. JO— Gregory J. Haverhill,
Suffolk, Sept. 27 — GiitiithJ.Y Northampton
terrace, City road, stock- broker, Nov. IS —
Guillod F. Craven street, wine-merchant, Sept.
S3 — Hamilton S. Shoe lane, printer, Nov. 14
— Hawkins T. Bristol, grocer, Nov. 6— Head
F. Bury St. Edmunds, baker, Sept. 23 — Her-
bert J. and C. Mayo, London, warehousemen,
Sept. 16, Oct. 21— Hobson Rout. Sausthorpe,
Lincoln, dealer and chapman, Oct. 3 — Hob-
son W. Horncastle, Lincoln, maltster, Oct.
14- Holland J. Cheapside, haberdasher, Nov.
J4 — Holmes V. Horsham, nurseryman, Oct.
7— Holmes J. E. andW Hall, Crosby square,
merchants, Decs — Hopkins W. Leman street,
Goodman's Fields, silk-thrower, Sept. 2, lti-—
Hounsoiu J. Fleet street, linen-draper, Sept.
19 — Humphreys N. Shoreditch, linen-draper,
Oct. 24 — Humphryes T. Cheltenham place,
St. Georges Fields, horse-dealer, Sept. if) —
Hyde A. Brandon, Suffolk, liquor-merchant,
Oct. 12 — Jennings T. and 1). 5 pal ding, bank-
ers, Sept. 21 — Johnson J. and J. Statham,
Northampton, and T. Johnson, Hyde street,
Bloomsbury, millers, Oct. 10, 24— Johnson J.
Congleton, Chester, <i-.oncy-scrivener, Oct. 19
— 'Jones D. Commerce row, Surry, baker, Sept.
l'J — Jones E. Morton, Denbigh, Sept. 20 —
Jones W. Woolwich, tailor, Nov. 7 — Jones B.
Rotheihithe wall, tobacconist, October 10 —
Kampf F. Rntiu.onc place, cabinet-maker,
I\ov. 4 — Kinch H. jun. and J. Kinch, Fare-
ham, Hants, timber merchants, October 12 —
Kirkby W. Manchester, merchant, Oct. 25 —
Knight J. B- Camomile street, cordwainer,
Oct. 24 — Knowlton C. Bristol, linen-draper,
.Nov. 18 — Lane L, Kingsclere, Hants, shop-
keeper, Nov. 7 — Lawson II. W. Liverpool,
draper, Sept, 21 — Lawson W. St. Catherine
street, biscuit -baker, Nov. 14 — Lebban J.
Great Wild street, Lii.coI.ru inn I iclds, coaf.li-
plate founder, Oet. 7 — Lock wood G. Htiddera-
field, woollen-draper, Sept. JO — Loison A.
Great Castle street, Oxford market, wiue-mer-
«hant, Oct. 21 — Lone G. Grange road, Ber-
mondsey, dry-salter, Sept. lG — L\on W. Den-
zil htreet, Clare market, glass -merchant, Oct.
7 — Mallatratt J. Wansford, Huntingdon, iim-
isaider, Oct. q— Maitby T. a:j<l G. Size lane,
merchants, Dec. 1 6^- MarshallT. Scarborough,
\intner, Srpt. iu — Maskill B. Beccles, Suf-
folk, upholsterer, Sept. '29 — Massry C. New
|treet, St. Catherine's, wharfinger, Sept 26 —
f hirer II. and J. Forsbaw, Liverpool, mer-
chants, Oct. 7— Mofiatt T. and J. Brown,
Goswell street, blue-manufacturers, Nov. 4 —
Morgan R. South Molton street, coal-meicht.
Sept. i-t — Morgan P. arid A. Sti other, Cres
vent, Minories, merchants, Sept 26 — Mose-
ley J. Swine Fleet, Howden, York, potatoe-
nerchant, Nov. 11 — Myers D. T. Stamford,
Lincoln, draper, Sept. 21 — Nantes H. Warn-
ford court, Throgmorton itiect, merchant,
Nov. 7 — Neal J. Chiswell street, victualler,
Oct 7 — Neale T. St. Martin's lace, dealer in
spirituous liquors, Nov. 13 — Needham Chas.
Manchester, cotton- manufacturer, Sept. so —
Neve A. Strand, milliner, Sept. 23 — Newton
J.J. Gray's inn lane, ironmonger, Oct. 21 —
Nicholson H Biehopsgate street, silk-mercer,
Oct. 24 — Oakley F. Hereford, woolstapler,
Nov. lo — Oliiva.it W. Manchester, cotton-
taanafacturer, September 16 — Palke R. Little
Hcuipston, Devon, coal-merchant, Sept. 2ti —
PatLtj H. F. East Sm.tkiield, litiuor-uici client,

Oct. 21— Parr J. O. and T. C. Patrick, Suf-
folk lane, insurance-brokers, Sept. 16— Par-
sons J. sen. and iun. Ludgate hill, booksellers,
Sep. 23 — Parsson J. and J. Gardiner, Cle-
ment's lane, Lombard street, hop-merchants,
Nov. 14 — Pater T. Shadwell High-street,
surgeon, Sept. 16— Pennock W. Ruswarpe,
York, rope-maker, Sept. 19— Perry G. Liver-
pool, marble-merchant, Sept. 12 — PippettJ.
Chewstoke, Somerset, colourman, Sept. 23—
Preston J. Barton, Lincoln, tanner, Sept. 13
— Prigg W. Ipswich, victualler, Sept. 20 —
Pullinger H. Koplcy, Hants, woollen-draper,
Nov. 7- — Reimer H. Catherine court, Tower
Hill, merchant, Oct. 7— Robertson J. Lydd,
Kent, linen-draper, Sept. 23 — Robinson R.
Manchester, cotton-twist and weft-dealer, No-
vember 1 i — Robinson T. jun. Birmingham,
druggist, Oct. 18 — Schneider J. H. Bow lane,
merchant, Oct. 7 — Sherwin T. Tower street,
wine-merchant, Nov. 4 — Shiles E Dilford,
Devon, miller, Sept. 23— Shoolbred J. and
W. Williams, Mark lane, merchants, Nov. la
Silvcrlock H. Havant, Hants, draper, Oct. 17
— Simpson W. Sheffield, innkeeper, Sept. 2*
— Smith W. Plymouth, silversmith, Sept. 12
— Smith G. Warr.ford court, merchant, Nov.
11 — Soper J. and W. Soper, jun. Buckfast-
leigh, Devon, yarn-manufacturers, Oct. 7-—
Spencer J . Sherrard street, Golden square, jew-
eller, Nov. 4 — Stamford E. York street, Com-
mercial road, flour-factor, Nov. 25— Stiles J.
Air street, Piccadilly, carpenter, Oct. 21—
Stockwcl! G. Shearness, boat-builder, Nov.
11 — Swaine R. Halifax, J. Swaine, Skircoat,
York, E. Swaine, Londou, H. and J. Swaine,
Halifax, and H. Ramsbottom, Bradford, York,
merchants and manufacturers, Oct. 17— Tab-
berer W. and T. Johnson, Hyde st. Blooms-,
bury, factors, Oct. 28— Taylor M. H.J. La-
tham, and E. Belcher, Liverpool, merchants,
Oct. ife — Tindall T. Weymouth, grocer, Oct.
9 — TuuiiiclitF J. and M. Macclesfield, button
snd twist-manufacturers, Oct. 7— Tupp T.
Winchester, cotton-manufacturer, Oct. 17—*
Turubull W. Oxford street, music-seller, Sept.
jo — Tvrrell J. Maidstone, ironmonger, Nov,
1 1— Urquhart R, and R. W. Whalley, Strand,
goldsmiths, Oct. 7 — Varndell W. Hartley row,
hear liailford Bridge, Hants, Ceach-iraker,
Nov. 7 — WatredJ. N. Birmingham, woollen-
draper, Oct. 13— Watson W. P. Selby, York,
mercer, Nov, 28 — Wetherhy T, Great St. Tho-
mas Apostle, ironmonger, Oct. 10- — Wheatley
G. late of South Shields, Durham, diaper,
Oct 5 — Whitehead W. Shaw, York, woollen-
manufacturer, Nov. 8 — Whittle S. jun. Shiff-
nal, Sa'o;-, grocer, Oct. 2— Wicks W. Oxford
street, tailor, Nov. 2 — Wild J, Stockport, cot-
1 ton-manufacturer, Sept. 30 — Wild J. J. Watts,
and J, Bodily, Upper Thames street, grocers,
Oct, 10 — Wilkinson J. H. Boud court, Wah
brcok, factor, December 2— Willes J. and C.
Hobbs, Whitechapel road, distillers, Nov, is
— Williams W, Mark lane, merchant, Nov.
14 — Williams T. and M. Field, Aldersgate st.
packers, Nov. 11 — Williams T. Caerphilly,
Glamorgan, manufacturer, Oct. 17 — Wills T.
H. Lambs Conduit street, linen-draper, Oct.
7 — Winch N, J. Newcastle upon Tyne, mer-
chant, Sept. 16 — Winn J. Sherbnm, York,
fishmonger, Sept. 18 — Wright R. Tborverton,
Devon, dealer and chapman, Sept, 2S — Wrig-
ley J, Pitt street, Blackfriar's road, hat-ma,.
I nufacturer, Sept. S3,

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2S3
METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL for August, 1S09.

Conducted, at Manchester, by Thomas Hanson, Esq.

r 1809. i

Pressure

ij Temperature.

i m

Rain.

Wind.

1 weather.

AUG

Max.

Mia.

Mean.

Max.

/!, in.

Mean.

29,55

29,45

29,500

66,uo

54,°0

60, °o

cloudy

.150 '

29,55

29,33

29,435

6s, 0

52,0

60,00

showery

J060

29,12

29,08

29,100

: 70,0

55,0

62,50

showery

.050

29,45

29 12

29,385

1 6l,5

52,0

56,75

showery

.275

29,45

29,30

29,375

63,5

46,0

54,75 i

showery

.405

29,20

29,10

29,150

| 6S,5

55,0

61,75

showery

.280

29,63

29,20

29,410

63,0

51,0

57,00

fine

29,72

29,63

29,670

! 72,5

56,0

64,25

clear

29,68

29,65

29,665

|75,5

56,0

65,75

fine

Variable

29,73

29,53

29,6o5

68,0

58,5

63,25

cloudy

.050

29,55

29,50

29,525

73,5

58,0

65,75

fine

.075

29,50

29,42

29,460

69,0

67,5

55,0

62,00

gloomy

.040

29,55

20,50

29,525

51,0

59,25

showery

.OSO

.Sf

29,55

29,45

29,500

66,5

53,0

59,75

showery

.145

29,62

20,^5

99,535

67,0

52,5

59,75

showery

.120

99,68

29,65

29,660

70,5

50,5

65,50

cloudy

.100

m 17

29,62

29,6o

29,610

75,o

57,0

66,00

cloudy

(C 18

29,55

29,5 U

29,525

69,5

56,5

63,00

showery

.1(0

Variable

29,60

29,5 5

99,575

70,5

56,0

63,25

•howery

.030

S VV

29,70

29,60

29,650

67,0

52,5

59,75

showery

.105

- 21

29,55

29,50

29,525

65,0

54,0

59,50

showery

.110

29.55

29,35

29,450

64,5

48,0

56,25

showery

.020

29,35

29,30

29,325

64,0

48,5

50,25

•bowery

.110'

Variable

29,30

29,23

29,260

63,5

50,0

56,75

showery

.140

O 25

29,50

29,23

29,360

60,5

49,0

54,75

showery

.370

Variable

29,50

29,48

99,490

"4,5

44,5

54,50

showery

.085

29,62

30,50

99,560

64,0

54,0

59,00

fine

29,73

29,6'2

29,700 1 65,0

50,5

57,75

showery

.040

29,30

29,75

29,775 1 73,5

59,5

66,50

clear

Variable

29,72

29,63

29,6/0 1 71,5

57,0

64,25

rainy

.265

29,30

2970

20, 750

•

6 8,0

46,0

57,00

clear

Mean

29,5054

Mean

6o,404

3.855«'n

RESULTS.

Mean barometrical pressure, 29505 — maximum, 29.8O — minimum, 29. 08 — range, 72.

The greatest variation of pressure, in 24 hours, is 4-tenths of an inch, which was on the 6th.

Mean temperature, 6o°.40 — maximum, 75. "5 — minimum, 44.a0 — range, 31. "»5.
The greatest variation of temperature, in 24 hours, is 20. c, which was on the 16th and 26th.

Spaces described by the barometer, 5 00 inches — number of changes, 22.
Rain, &c. this month, 3.855 inches — number of wet days, 24 — tot.il rain thii year, 17.445 in-.

WIND. N KE E S E S S VV W K VV Variable

0 0 0 o 17 1 s o 5

Total number of observations, 31 — number of brisk winds, 4 — number of boisterous winds, 0.
Character of the period, gloomy and rainy.— Prevailing clouds, the cirrus, cumulus, cirro-
cumulus, stratus, cirro-stratus, and nimbus — The wind has almost invariably blown from the
south and south-west points, with a gentle and uniform strength. Rain has fallen on 24 days,
and the rest of the month the hemisphere was for the most part covered with dense clouds, with
the exception of tluee days ; on the 31st there was a very thick fog, and hoar frost in the morn-
ing, for the first time this season; but the rest of the day proved extremely fine. Out of 22
chafes of the barometer, six have been notable, four at the commencement, or betwixt the
last quarter and new moon; and two at the last 'third of the month, or about the time of full
moon; the rest have all been fluctuating, and confined to a narrow range. The temperature
seems to have obeyed similar movements, and owing to the continued gleoray and humid state
of the atmosphere, has beeu considerably under the mean. The mean temperature for August
I807, wa* nearly 6»°, and for the same month of 1308, 63. °4, whereas the mean for this month
is only 6o."4. The quantity of rain here is near four inches ; upwards of half an inch fell on
the loth, in the course of an hour; the rest fell in frequent showers. The quantity of rain at
Makon, in Yorkshire, is most astonishing, being near ten inches; upwards of 8? inches fell
previous to the 17th Lightning and thunder have occurred frequently this month, but gene-
rally remote: on the 6th there was much rain, with lightning and distant thunder, in the own-
ing, when the barometrical column was much augmented, and indicated the greatest variation
in 24 hours. On the 10th, at four o'clock P. M. bring the day after the temperature bad
shewn its maximum for the month, thero was a tremendous thunderstorm, with very vivid light-
Ding; the nimbus, which half covered the hemisphere, from VV by S to E, presented a poena
the most gloomy ; the thunder seemed to range in all quarters, and frequently succeeded the
lightning in two or three seconds ; one clap, in particular, scarcely allowed a second to elapse
from the time of the flash, and which darted from above, in a perpendicular direction, with an
unusual curve. On the 14th, some distant thunder in the evening. On the 18th, at three o'clock
P. M. nimbus appeared in the S E, which was followed by very loud thunder; the uext day, the
same occurrence took plac, about the same time, nimbus S. On the 23d, nimbus A. Si. with
Kren or eight remote peak of tuuiidcv. On the 30tb, nimbus S> W, but no thunder heard.

28£

METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL,

lEVjtf li/ R' Banks j Mathematical Instrument- Maker, Strand, London.

1609
Day of

BAROME-
TER.

THEkiVlOMETJb

T — j

WEATHER.

High-

Low-

AUG.

9 A.M.

9P.M.

est, j

eat.

Day.

Night.

*9.62

Fair

29.49

Rain

Ditto

S9-43

63 J

Ditto

29. «o

Ditto

Cloudy

29-75

6.3

Ditto

Fair

30.00

Fair

Ditto

30.08

Ditto

29-89

68*

Rain

Ditto

29.85

Clouti y

Ditto

SEPT.

29.90

Ditto

29.68

Rain

Ditto

29.60

Ditto

2962

6cj§

Ditto

Cloudy

£9-54

Ditto

29-52

Ditto

2927

Ditto

2934

Ditto

29.53

Ditto

Faii-

2967

Rain

Ditto

2970

Ditto '

Ditto

2978

Fair

Ditto

29-85

Rain

Cloudy

29.6S

Ditto

Faii-

29-98

Faii-

Ditto

30.14

Rain

30.00

Fair

29-90

Rain

Ditto

29-72

Fair

Ditto

29-47

1 J aiu

Ditto

29.64

56f

' 65

Fair

Cloudy

29.60

Rain

Fair

Lightning in the east.

f Hazy morn.
§ Thunder at 1 P.

% Thunder at 1 and 3 P. M.

PRICES

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THE

Bepost

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE,

Manufactures, Fashions, and Politics,

For NOVEMBER, 1809.

%f}t eicfcnuf) dumber*

EMBELLISHMENTS.

PAC«

1. The Wild Duck, by Hoivitt 313

2. Ladies' Morning Dress 332

3. Walking Dress . ib.

4. South View of the Bank of England 338

5. Elliott's Patent Eccentric Landau let 344

<5. Allegorical Wood-cut, with real Patterns of "British Manufactures . . ib.

CONTENTS.

On Splendour of Colours, &c. by

Juninus 285

Classical Hours. No. 1 289

Eighth Letter from Italy .... 292

Letter from Amelia 299

Letter to a Lady desiring her to take

care of her House 308

On the Happiness of Mediocrity . 304
Proceedings of the French National

Institute 306

On the Luxury of the Romans, by

Augustus Von KotzeOue . . . 308
Curious Particulars respecting Anci-
ent Theatres, by Kotzebue . .313
Remarks on the Silver Coin describ-
ed in No. X. of the Repository . 316
Answer to the Arithmetical Ques-
tion proposed in No. X. . . .317
Se\< nth Letter on the Waste of Agri-
cultural Produce 318

British Sports 319

Inielligeuce,Literary, Scientific, &c. 322
Iteview of New Publications . . . 326

Musical Review ......

Fashions for Ladies

Fifth Letter from a Young Lady at

Brighton, to her Sister in the

Country

Public Amusements — Co vent- Gat

den Theatre

Lyceum — Olympic Pavilion .

Royal Circus

The Bank of England . . .
Retrospect of Politics ....

Medical Report

Agricultural Report ....
Elliott's Patent Eccentric Landaulet

or Chariot

Allegorical Wood-cut, with Patterns

Poetry

Bankrupts and Dividends .

London Markets

Prices of Stocks

Meteorological Table — Mancheste
Meteorological Table — London
Prices of Companies' Shares .

AGE

3:jo

332

331.

336

338

ib.

339

342

3 14
ib.

3 15
34-6

349
350
"5 1
352

ib.

TO OUR READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.

We earnestly solicit communications (post paid) from professors of the Arts in g€*
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We request those ladies and gentlemen who are writing Prize Essays for the Gold and
Silver Medals, announced in the Repository, vol.11, p. 109, to have the goodness to
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We thank the author of the Letter to Miss \V. for his communication, and request
his future favours.

The Essay for Classical Hours (No. II.) is received, and will appear next month.

C's communication will be attended to in an early number.

It ivas our intention, had our limits permitted, to present our poetical readers with
an ode on the late Jubilee ; but, as it is, we refer them to the Poetical Magazine,
which will make them ample amends.

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We are infinitely obliged to P. T. S. for her kind communication of the papers by
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Azeli's answer to Arbiter Elegantiarum shall soon appear, either in the Reposit ory
or the Poetical Magazine.

It is with great pleasure that ive are this month enabled to present our readers with
a variety of interesting intelligence, received, through a particular channel, from the
Continent ; and to assure them of a regular supply.

The numerous communications on the subject of Covent-Garden Theatre, we are
obliged to decline altogether, us it is inconsistent with our plan, to interfere in either
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THE

Bepsttorp

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE,

Manufactures^ Fashions y and Politicsy

For NOVEMBER, 1809.

%ty CUtimt& dumber*

-The suffrage of the wise..

The praise that's worth ambition, is attain'd
By seuse alone, and dignity of mind,

Armstrong.

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS, &c— By Juninus.

(Continuation of Letter IV. from page 12%.)

Chinese vermilion is very smooth
and bright : the best vermilion is
made from native cinnabar. Ant-
werp blue is used by some instead of
ultramarine. Some use prepara-
tions from ultramarine ashes. Some
only glaze the lights of blue dra-
pery with ultramarine (on account
of its great price), and the rest with
Antwerp or Prussian blue. Crystals
of verdigrcase, &c. are used by
some : others compound their greens
from blues and yellows. Prussian
blue is apt to change and turn green-
ish ; in this respect its invention is
an injury to painting. Indigo is
the deepest of all blues, but not j
much used since the invention of
Prussian blue. Terra vert is a weak <

No. XL Vol. II.

colour. Nut oil is not much sub*
ject to change. Poppy oil is the
clearest. Linseed oil is used for
the dark colours, but injures the
lighter. It is cleared by being put
in bladders, and exposing the lat-
ter to the rays of a hot sun. Some
painters do not use it. Drying oil
is employed for the darker colours.
This is linseed oil boiled with if.igar
of lead, litharge, red lead, umber,
and sometimes with several other
ingredients of a drying nature. It
is often used for pictures painted in
haste and in damp weather, and is
frequently defective in durability.
The heat of the sun in summer
makes colours dry much faster thats
they will in cold weather.
Qq

2S5

OX SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS.

The principal qualities of colours
are, purity of colour or brightness,,
durability or standing-, transparency
and opacity, warmth and coolness.
Among the faults are, foulness or
breaking- of the colour, not stand-
ing or flying off, and fastening.

Vermilion should be bright, fine,
prde, and incline to a crimson hue.
Red lead should be bright. Rose
lake or rose pink should be bright,
of a fine substance, and more of a
crimson than purple. Light pink,
bright and transparent. Brown pink
should have a force of colour, and
be transparent. Ultramarine, bright
and of a deep colour. Prussian blue,
bright, of a deep colour, and not
purple. Indigo, smalt, and bice
should be dark and bright, and as
they verge on the purple, coolnessor
blue is a merit. Blue vcrd iter should
be dark, of a bright colour, and not
inclining to green. King's yellow,
brfght, cool, and free from red.
Orpimcnt should be bright, and -of
great strength of colour; the warm-
er, or less inclining to green, the
better. Yellow ochre, bright, of
a full yellow colour ; if it be bright,
it cannot be too cool. Vcrdigrease,
of a full green colour, and inclin-
ing rather toward crystalline, than
the form of a powder. Distilled
verdigrease should have great clear-
ness in the crystals, and be of a
bright green colour when powdered.
Prussian green; of a deep bright co-
lour, and the more of the true teint
of green the better. Terra vert
should be of a bright strong colour.
Cologne earth should have strength
of colour. W hite flake, very white
and fine. Ivory black, of a full
black colour, not much inclined to
blue, and very fine. Blue black
should have a clear blue cast in its

black, and be perfect in its levi*
gation.

From the above it appears, that
orpimcnt and furbcth mineral should
be warm ; indigo, smalt, king's yel-
low, yellow ochre, bice, and blue
verditer, should be cool to be good.

Some colours seem to start for-
ward before others ; such are reds,
yellows, &c. before blues, greys,
greens, Sec. Great advantage may
be taken of this circumstance, by
painting objects that should come
forward with these starting colours,
and those that are to keep back,
witli the others.

Some colours imbibe heat sooner
than others: a circumstance proved
by the well-known experiments of
Dr. Benjamin Franklin, the cele-
brated American philosopher.

I shall now transcribe some ob-
servations from a book published
in 1768.

Of the Cause of Colours.

The sun's rays are not homoge-
neous (that is, alike), but of differ-
ent kinds, and each sort has a dif-
ferent degree of refrangibility, that
is, passing through a dense medi-
um. They are differently disposed
to be refracted ; being bent, or turn-
ed out of their first course, to dif-
ferent distances from the perpendi-
cular; and these several sorts of
rays have each a peculiar colour,
viz. those which are least refran-
gible are red, the second sortorange,
the third soil yellow, the fourth sort
green, the Mb sort blue, the sixth
sort indigo, the seventh sort violet,
which last are most refraugible, or
refracted to the greatest distance
from the perpendicular.

Sir Isaac Newton observes, that
a ray of light is not simple and un-
compoundedj but composed of a

ON SPLEXDOtR OF COLOt Il«f.

287

number of rays, different in their
refractive powers, consequently in
their colours. These rays united
after a constant order, compose one
beam of light. It is to be observed,
that the theory of colours may be
alle^oricaily represented by a figure
employed in separating (by a prism)
a ray of light, and contemplating
its effects on a board, which receives
the ray, as the order of colours is
similar to a rainbow.

I do not recollect from what work
I copied the following observations
on new experiments in the ocular
spectra of light and colours, by R.
W. Darwin, M. D.

These experiments are infinitely
amusing, and are calculated to esta-
blish a new theory of vision on a
distinct principle, though, in a
great measure, dependant on those
already received. The ocular spec-
tra, according to Dr. Darwin, are
those images which, after long and
attentively looking at. any bright
object (the setting sun, for instance),
on closing the eyes, or removing
them, continue some time to repre-
sent the object so attentively beheld.
These the doctor endeavours to re-
duce to certain laws, and for that
purpose divides them into four kinds:
1. Such as are owing to a less sen-
sibility of a defined part of the re-
tina, or spectra, from defect of sen-
sibility. 2. Such as are owing to
a greater sensibility of a defined
part of the retina, or spectra, from
excess of sensibility. 3. Such as
resemble their object in its colour
as well as form, which may be Term-
ed direct ocular spectra. 4. Such
as are of a colour contrary to that
of their object, which may be term-
ed reverse ocular spectra.

The laws of light, and the per-
ception of visible objects, the doc-

tor acknowledges to hare been al-
ready suiHciently explained ; but
the minute phenomena of vision
have not yet been found reducible
to any theory, though many philo-
sophers, whose names he recites,
have employed much time and at-
tention on the subject. Two or three
of the doctor's experiments, which
may lead to a thousand others, will
agreeably entertain thereader. They
are intended to shew, that the retina,
during the existence of the ocular
spectra, is in an active state, and
that on its activity ail vision de-
pends.

1. Place a piece of red silk, about
an inch in diameter, on a sheet of
white paper, in a strong light. Look
steadily upon it, from about the dis-
tance of half a yard, for a minute.
Then close your eyelids, cover them
Avith your hands, and a green spec-
trum will be seen in your eyes, re-
sembling in form the piece of red silk.
After some time this spectrum will
disappear, and shortly reappear, and
thus alternately three or four times,
if the experiment is well made, till
at length it vanishes entirely.

2. Place on a sheet of white pa-
per a circular piece of blue silk,
about four inches in diameter, in the
sunshine. Cover the center of this
with- a circular piece of yellow silk,
about three inches in diameter, and
the center of the yellow silk with
a circle of pink silk, about two
inches in diameter, and the center
of the pink silk with a circle of
green silk, about one inch in dia-
meter, and the center of this with
a circle of indigo, about half an
inch in diameter, making a small
speck with ink in the very center of
the whole. Look steadily for a mi-
nute on this central spot, and then
closing your eyes, and applying

S8S

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS.

your band at about an inch distance
before them, so as to prevent too
much or too little light from pass-
ing through the eyelids, you will
see the most beautiful circles of co-
lours that imagination can conceive,
which are most resembled by the
colour occasioned bvpouringadrop
or two of oil on a still lake in a
bright day. But. these circular irises
of colours are not only different from
the colours of the silks above-men-
tioned, but are at the same time
perpetually changing as long as
they exist.

What follows is transcribed from
Thomas Bardwell's Practice of
Painting. His book was first pub-
lished about fifty years ago, and re-
lates almost entirely to the mixture
of colours.

Of the principal, Colours used in
the Flesh, from which all the
Teints are made.
1. Flake white, or fine white.
This is the very best white we have.
This colour should be ground with
the very best poppy oil that can be
made. At present our white is bad,
on account of the oil, which is not
real poppy. White is a friendly
working colour, and comes forward
with yellov.sand reds, but retires
with blues and greens. It is the
nature of all whites to sink into
whatever ground they are laid on ;
the re fere they should be laid on
white ground.

2. Ivory black is the best black
we have. It is a colour which sym-
pathizes and mixes kindly with all
the others. It is a true shade for
blue. Ivory black and a little In-
dian red make the best general sha-
dow colour that can be. It is ground
with linseed oil, and used with dry-
ing oil. Black is a cold retiring
colour.

3. Ultramarine is the finest blim
in the world. It is a tender, retir-
ing colour, and never glares, and
is a beautiful glazing colour. It is
used with poppy oil.

4. Prussian is a very fine blue,
and a kind-working colour. It is
ground with linseed oil, but nut oil
is more proper. It should never
be used in the flesh, but in the green
teint and the eyes.

5. Light ochre is a friendly mix-
ing colour, and of great use in the
flesh : it is usually ground with lin-
seed oil, but nut oil is better. All
yellows are strengthened with reds,
and weakened withbluesand greens.

6. Light red is nothing but fine,
light ochre burnt. This and white
in mixing produce the most perfect
flesh colour that can be made. It
is a beautiful, clean, kind-working
colour, but too strong for the white,
and therefore will grow darker. It
should be ground and used with nut
oil.

7 . No vermilion but what is made
of the true native cinnabar should
ever be used. It will not glaze, but
is a fine colour when it is glazed. It
is ground with linseed oil, and should
be used with drying oil.

8. Carmine is the most beautiful
crimson that can be ; it is a middle
colour between lake and vermilion,
is a fine-working colour, and glazes
delightfully. It should be ground
with nut oil, and used with drying
oil.

9. Lake is a tender, sympathiz-
ing, deep red, but of no strong
body; therefore it should be strength-
ened with Indian red. It is the best
glazing colour that can be used,
it is ground with linseed oil, and
used with drying oil.

10. Indian red is a strong, plea-
sant-working colour, but will not

CLASSICAL HOURS.

289

glaze well, and when mixed with
white, falls a little into the lead.
It is ground and used as the lake.

11. Brown pink is a fine glazing
colour, but of no strong body. In
the flesh it should never join or mix
with the lights, because this colour
and white antipathize, and mix of
a warm dirty hue; for which rea-
son their joinings should be blended
with a cold middle teint. In glaz-
ing of shadows, it should be laid
before the other colours that are to
enrich it. It is one of the finishing
colours, and therefore should never
be used in the /list painting. It is
strengthened with burnt uinbcr, and
weakened with terra vert ; ground
with linseed oil, and used with dry-
ing oil.

12. Burnt umber is a fine warm
brown, and a good working- strong
colour. It is of great use in the
hair, and mixes finely with the
warm shade.

In his next chapter, Bardwell
treats of the principal teints. Light
red teint, he says, is made of light
red and Avhite. It is the most kind
and best conditioned of all colours
for the general ground of the flesh.
With this colour and the shade
teint, we should make out all the
flesh, like claro obscuro or mezzo-
tint. We should also remember,
that this colour will grow darker,
because it is in its nature too strong
for the white ; therefore we should
improve it, that is, mix some ver-

milion and white with it, in propor-
tion to the fairness of the complex-
ion. And though it is thus mixed,
he adds, yet I shall call it the light
red teint, in all the course of the
work, because I would not have the
vermilion teint confounded with if,
as if there was no difference.

In speaking of the shade teint in
the same chapter, he says, — Shade
teint is made of lake, Indian red,
black, and white, mixed to a beau-
tiful murrey colour of a middle
teint. This is the best colour for
the general ground of shadows, for
which reason I call it the shade
teint. It mixes with the lights de-
lightfully, and produces a pleasant
clean colour, a little inclined to
the reddish pearl. As all the four
colours of its composition are of a
friendly sympathizing nature, so
consequently this will be the same,
and therefore may be easily changed
by the addition of any other colours.

Thus far as a specimen of Bard-
well's book. Several others have
written on the mixture of colours.
Bardwell regrets, that neither Van-
dyke, his master Rubens, nor any
other great colourist, has left be-
hind him in writing the system of
his mixtures.

Within a few years, Julius Ib-
betson, the landscape- painter, has
published a system; and several
have lately appeared, among others
one for painting flowers, &c. in
water colours. Juninus.

CLASSICAL HOURS.

No. I.

On the Causes of the Pleasure which Men experience from Objects agreeably affecting

the Imagination.

Man was placed by his Maker
in a state superior to that of other
animals; he was endowed with va-
rious faculties and desire , all fitted

either to prompt him to vigorous
and manly exertion, to impel him
to the glorious aim for which he
was created, or to gratify him by

S-30

CLASSICAL IlOUnS.

the enjojment of those pleasures
which in their nature are innoceni.
Amongst these none are more pro-
minent, or more desirable, than the
gratifications which arise from any
object that; charms the imagination.
They form the middle rank between
intellectual and sensual enjoyments :
the former they exceed in facility of
access, the latter in elegance and
refinement ; whilst to the generality j
of mankind, they arc a source of
pure and unadulterated pleasure,
which at once enlivens and ele-
vates the human faculties. To the
man of letters they afford a. delight-
ful recreation. After his under-
standing has been absorbed in ma-
thematical perplexities, and his in-
tellectual powers have been strained
by continued study and intense re-
search, he feels rejoiced to return
and refresh his wearied mind in
following the sublime and dignified
flights of Milton, or in wandering
with Spenser through the regions of
magic wonder and delight. It is
reported of the great Galileo, that
after having exerted his mind in
abstruse calculations, he would re-
create himself by perusing the
poems of Ariosto, and pass from the
rough and laborious track of science,
into the delightful regions of poeti-
cal fancy. Every person who reads
a poem adorned with beautiful ima-
gery, who sees a painting exqu isitely
finished by the hand of a skilful ma-
ster, or views a prospect full of va-
ried and delightful objects, feels a
degree of pleasure, which, though
perceived by all, few are able to ac-
count for or describe. This plea-
sure, it is evident, must arise from
the ideas which the imagination en-
tertains concerning beauty ; and as
far as any thing which it examines
is accordant or not with these, so far

it considers it with pleasure or dis-
gust. Amongst those things which
afford this active faculty the most
exquisite delight, is the sight of any
object, either great, beautiful, or
uncommon. By greatness is here
meant that conception of grandeur
and magnificence which must al-
ways accompany an object of great
size or magnitude. On a superficial
observation, we might think that a
sense of our own insignificance would
cause unpleasant sensations to be
exciled in our minds by any thing
which exceeds it; but on closer"
consideration we shall find the con-
trary to be the case. Our bodies
indeed are comparatively small ;
but the imagination is capable of
bearing the sight of distant worlds
scattered through the boundless fir-
mament, and of losing itself in eter-
nity, without any .consciousness of
inferiority or dismay.

The nearer any thing approaches
to the Deity, the more pleasure will
it afford to an uncorrupted mind.
The sight of the pyramids of Egypt,
or the Avail of China, gratifies us, not
for any particular beauty which in
themselves they possess, but for that
grandeur which almost approaches
to the splendid works of our Creator.
This admiration of greatness, so pro-
minent a feature in the imagination,
perhaps owes its existence to the
notion which we entertain of the
magnificence of God. We were
made to pass an eternity in the re-
verence and adoration of him and
his power. In all probability our
imagination is ordained to admire
every thing which is great, that we
may be accustomed to think of his
excellence.

Nothing is more adapted to give
us pleasure than beauty, nothing
is more accordant with the mind of

CLASSICAL HOURS.

291

man. There is a sort of harmony
in it, with which our very souls
seem to sympathize. A beautiful
description in Milton has pleased
more readers than an abstruse specu-
lation in Locke; and the Medicean
Venus has charmed more visitors
than the Escurial. Beauty is inde-
pendent of greatness. We may
justly account a temple grand and
magnificent in which there is no
part beautiful ; or we may call a
picture or a statue beautiful, though
the object be soft and effeminate.
To prove how pleasing beauty is to
the imagination, it might be observ-
ed, that almost all painters and
sculptors, whose aim it has been to
please, have attempted it by exert-
ing their art on beautiful subjects.
But although this quality in general
is pleasing to all, yet there are some
things which give the highest de-
gree of gratification to one person,
and are objects ofdisgusttoanothcr.
This difference can only be account-
ed for by the different principles
which the imagination has assumed
as a standard, and by which it
judges every thing that comes be-
fore it. Perhaps beauty i§ merely
a vague term, with no precise mean-
ing : of thus much, however, we
are certain, that the ideas of man-
kind concerning it are very Hra-
rious.

The imagination of man is pleased
with every tiling new or uncommon.
Variety alone can give a zest to our
pleasures. Nothing but variety
makes our existence supportable.
To this desire of novelty we are in-
deed indebted for most of the disco-
veries which have illumined the
worlds of science. The sight of a
hideous monster, though seemingly
likely to disgust us, is attended with

a pleasure, arising perhaps only
from its novelty. If we would ac-
count for the source of this gratifi-
cation, which at first may appear
contrary to reason, we must recol-
lect, that the Creator, for wise pur-
poses, has implanted in the mind
an insatiable desire of knowledge.
No one, however depraved or fla-
gitious, would ever remain in intel-
lectual darkness, from which he had
the power of escaping by his own
exertions. There is no one but
would prefer an enlightened under-
standing to mere sensual pleasure
and animal indulgences. We must
also remember, that the fancy pos-
sesses a natural inclination to the
mysterious and awful. From these
united propensities, arises the plea-
sure which we experience at the
sightof any thing new, however hi-
deous, or however amazing. Thus
also a person may, at first sight,
view an object with pleasurable sen-
sations, which, after the novelty lias
subsided, he cannot but abhor and
detest.

To the pleasure which men de-
rive from the delights of fancy, we
are principally indebted for all
kinds of poetry, and for every work
of genius. To this we owe the bold
and vigorous strains of Homer, the
majestic and elegant song of Virgil,
and the sublime and awful concep-
tions of Milton. Unless mankind
had been endowed with this suscep-
tibility of delight, Shakspeare might
have lived in vain; his immortal
compositions might have been con-
signed to oblivion, and his vivid
personifications have been destroyed
by time. Instead of charming every
car by his song, his works might
have been buried in some hidden
closet, a prey to moths and worms.

292

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALY*

But there is one more advantage
that we may derive from the ima-
gination, which exceeds all that
have hitherto been mentioned. By
its assistance a blind man, or a man
shut up iri a dungeon, surrounded
bjr eternal darkness, may have more
pleasing- and beautiful images before
his mind, than ever existed in na-
ture. By its assistance we may live

in an ideal world; we may enjoy
what will never be ours, and anti-
cipate the enjoyment of what we
may afterwards possess. By its
power sorrow may be soothed, and
pain and sickness lulled to rest.
Even the thoughts of death may
become delightful, by a pleasing
anticipation of the joys of eternity.

LETTERS FROM ITALY.

LETTER Vllt*

Naples, May — , 1808.

Dear T.

In several of my preceding let-
ters*, I have endeavoured to give
you a succinct account of the for-
mer site, state, and opulence of the
ancient towns which, in the reign
of Titus, were overwhelmed by an
eruption of Mount Vesuvius ; I have
described the manner by which their
destruction was effected ; and, final-
ly, I have stated to you the means,
fortuitous or premeditated, which
led to their re-discovery. You are,
no doubt, therefore, prepared and
eager to be ushered into the ruins
themselves. Come along, then, and
follow the grave Don Michele and
me into the spacious court-yard, on
a level with, and at a few yards dis-
tance from, the Salernian high-road,
from which it is separated by a
laro-e lattice-gate, adjoining to the
abode of the only inhabitant of the
once magnificent and populous town
of Pompeji, the invalid guardian
and guide to its remains. Oh ! the
vicissitudes of earthly grandeur ! —
This very dwelling of the decrepid
Neapolitan veteran was once tenant-

* See Letter V. in No. VII. and Letter
\l. in No. VIIL

ed by a maniple of legionaries,
whose irresistible valour had sub*
dued all our hemisphere, from the
Tyne to the swampy banks of the
Nile, from the pillars of Hercules
to the shores of India ! Why, T.
every one of these four points, at
this momentt, acknowledges Bri-
tish sway ; and not only the seas
between them, but every accessible
corner of the liquid part of the whole
globe, from Nootka Sound to Bass's
Streights, bows to the nod of half a
dozen valves in Charing-cross ! ! —

Proud But a truce to national

bragging, which I detest as much
as individual self-praise : it may
do by way of a clap-trap at the end
of a dry stage- speech, well and
significantly bawled up to the fo-
rum of the galleries. No more of
it in this place ; let us begin with a
sober narrative of facts, or things.

The quadrangular court which
we first entered into, may be as
large as the railed part of Leicester-
square : it is surrounded on all sides
by a colonnade, supporting the roof
of a gallery ; and from the gal-
lery you enter a number of small

f Egypt at that time was in possession
of the British troops.

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALV.

293

apartments, iiot unlike the cells of
a prison ; or, to use an affirmative
comparison j greatly resembling the
galleries round some of dUr fjld
inns, with the rooms adjoining ;
only, in the present instance, the
corridor is on the ground floor, there
being no upper story. The columns
before mentioned, are of brick, stuc-
coed over, and painted a deep red ;
from ten to twelve feet high, at
about the like distance from each
other, of the Doric order, fluted
two-thirds from the top, and other-
wise of good proportion. Thisbuild-
ing was first taken for a gymnasium,
afterwards for a prison, and, by
some, for a school of gladiators ; at
present it is declared to have been
a barrack for soldiers, because va-
rious pieces of armour were found
in some of the cells. These little
apartments are highly interesting :
many have their walls covered with
inscriptions, and curious drawings.
When I speak of inscriptions or
drawings, do not let your classic
imagination fancy to itself public
records or chefs cfoeuxres of art. I
have it in my power at once to put
you au fait in this business, only
the comparison will be deemed vul-
gar. You, no doubt, have, in
your peregrinations, visited certain
apartments at country inns, where
former visitors have thought proper
to perpetuate the memory of their
temporary abode, by some neat or
clumsy fanciful couplets, epigrams,
anacreontic or aphrodisiac effu-
sions, traced either with pencil,
chalk, or any pigment nearest at
hand, or even with some sharp-
pointed instrument, on the huff
walls ; and, not unfrequently, may

No. XL Vol. XL

you have found those sentences il-
lustrated by sundry hasty and whim-
sical sketches in the line manner,
betraying all the rudeness of the in-
fant art. Know, then, that such
practice is of the highest antiquity j
witness the walls of the Pompejan
barracks, on which we discovered
a vast number of the like inscrip-
tions, generally done in red chalk;
but, in some instances, black, or
white. Most of them consisted
merely of the name of the writer,
with the cohort and legion he be^-
longed to ; on some, the consuls of
the time were mentioned ; and a few
were of satirical import, levelled
probably at an obnoxious centurion,
or even tribune ; and, in order to
give additional force to the text, a
drawing of the subject of the pas-
quil was annexed, approaching, in
point of design, as near as possible
to the puerile sketches you may at
times have noticed on some of the
dead walls in the London streets.
The letters were all capitals ; and
although not absolutely like our
present Roman alphabet, might ea-
sily be read, particularly by one
who, from the Herculanean manu-
scripts, had become a little familiar
with antique penmanship. Some
names and sentences were Greek,
whence it may fairly be inferred
that the Roman troops were not
solely composed of Italian subjects.
A gentleman, of the name of No-
nius Maximus, occurred repeatedly
on those walls : not, however, with
" mention honorable ,•" nor was
the whole-length portrait annexed
to his name, Mich as to convey a
favourable impression either of his
figure or the skill of the artist. A,
copy, drawn, from memory, by the
Rr

294

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALY*

pen of jour humble servant, will
perhaps amuse you.

Simple as this design may ap-
pear, some curious and important
inferences are to be drawn from it.
1st. That Mr. Nonius was left-
handed — 2dly. That he wanted one
finger on the said hand, which pro-
bably was carried away by grape-
shot — 3dly. That one of his legs
was shorter than the other, or that
a bullet in his thigh or calf had
made him draw up the leg in the
manner here described. With re-
spect to the nature of the weapon
he wields, our best efforts will be
mere conjecture. Don Michele, not
without strong reasons, declared it
to be a sword ; but would not decide
What kind of a sword, whether gla-
dius, en.si$> or muero. But surely
if it had been intended for a sword,
there would have been some marks
of a hilt, handle, &c. which are not
to be seen. It appears, therefore,
more reasonable to take the instru-
ment for a mere rod or vine-switch
vhga, with which Nonius Maximus,
whom I strongly suspect to have
been the provost-marshal, was in
the habit of inflicting punishment
on the transgressors of the articles
of war ; and the frequent use of
■which had rendered him so odious

to his comrades, as to procure him.
the honour of being posted in eiliirjf
on the barrack walls.

As I said before, the preceding
whole-length profile is drawn from
recollection only : not but that I
felt very desirous to take, on the
spot itself, a correct copy of this
figure, as well as of some of the
most interesting inscriptions, and
actually pulled out pencil and pock-
et-book for that purpose ; but the
invalid Argus checked my classic
avidity, by informing me, that he
had strict orders from his superiors
not to allow the use of pencil, pa-
per, or any writing or drawing ma-
terials, within the town of Pompeji.
Don Michele, who observed my dis-
appointment at this prohibition,
slily winked to me with his left eye,
while a repeated gliding motion of
his right thumb, across the finger
nearest to it, made a certain tele-
graphic signal, which, without any
key or alphabet, I understood to be
an exhortation to bribery. Unfor-
tunately for you, my dear T. and all
those who may chance to read this,
on this occasion I chose to be ho-
nest— that is to say, not to make
another a rogue ; and left the in-
scriptions uncopied, not without
a sensible degree of offence to my
fellow-traveller for not complying
with his well-meant advice.

Close to the barracks, which np-
pear to have stood in the most pub-
lic part of the city, are the theatres,
the forum, and one or two temples,
all connected by very neat and
well-paved courts; or, where the
ground is elevated, by commodious
public staircases. The tout-en-
semble appeared totally different
from our present mode of building;
indeed, from its elegant compact-
ness, the whole looked more like

SIGIITYI LETTER FROM IT ALT.

205

the model of a (own, (ban a town
in reality. But to continue my nar-
rative, which shall be gtiideti ra-
ther by the contiguity of the places,
than the order in which we saw
them :

To the right, a high wall sepa-
rates the lesser theatre from the
barracks: this is called the covered
theatre, because it was so con-
structed, thatj by canvas awnings,
the spectators could be defended
from sun or rain. A door through
the wall lends into the different gal-
leries, and into the open space in
the middle, resembling our pit. —
Vou are too well acquainted with
the construction of ancient theatres,
to require a minute description of
the interior of this, which is one
of the smallest I have yet seen ; but
beautifully neat, and, excepting
the spoliation of the marble slabs,
with which the whole of the inside,
seats and all, had been covered,
excellently preserved. To have
torn off those is really pitiful, and
downright Vandalism. The use to
which the fragments of marble might
be put, could not have been very
great ; whereas the original aspect
of the theatre, entirely incrustated
with marble, must have been charm-
ing. On both sides tire the usual
seats for magistrates ; the orches-
tra, as with us, is along the front
of the stage ; and the sccna, with
its brick wings,, very shallow. This
theatre might hold about a thou-
sand spectators. It was on one of
the steps here that Don Michele
gave vent to his doubts respecting
the authenticity of the Pompejan
structures, as stated to you in one
of my preceding testers*.

* Letter V. No. VII.

A staircase leads from the level
on which this theatre stands, to an
eminence on which various public
edifices are situated. The most
conspicuous of those is a small tem-
ple, or, rather, chapel, said to have
been dedicated to Isls. Here the
guide called our attention to a se-
cret passage, perforated in two pla-
ces ; observing, that it was in that
passage, and through its openings,
that the concealed priests of isij
were wont to pronounce the oracles
of their goddess to the deluded and
credulous multitude. The invalid
was going to add to this valuable
piece of information, other parti-
culars, perhaps equally interesting,
when Don Michele stopped his pro-
gress, by telling him he need be at
no further trouble, since he was sure
the Signor Inglese would not be-
lieve one word of the whole story.
" The gentleman," he added, " is
too great an admirer of antiquity,
to be persuaded that his friends,
the ancients, would be capable of
employing fraud in their worship.
I, for my part, am convinced, that
all the oracles we read of in history,
were either contrived by similar
tricks of imposition, or, what is
still more probable, by direct in-
spirations of Satan, the arch-fiend of
mankind, who, before the establish-
ment of our holy faith, was abso-
lute lord and master of the human
race."

My friend having disburdened
his spleen by the preceding obser-
vation, was, as usual, for a little
while afterwards, more cheerful.
The guide took us round a pared
court, in which we found an altar,
of a round shape, and a well on the
other side. A little way on, a cis-
tern was placed, with four aper*-
11 r 2

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

tures, fo facilitate the procuring- of
water. In this court, it is to he
supposed, sacrifices ami other holy
rit< s took place : this opinion was
confirmed by the conductor, who
told us that various sacrificatory
utensils, such as lamps, patera?, tri-
pods, &c. were here found, when
the place was first excavated. One
of the tripods dug out in this yard,
is of the most admirable workman-
ship : on each of the three legs, a
beautiful sphinx, with an unusual
head-dress, is placed, probably in
allusion to the hidden meanings of
the oracles which were delivered in
the temple above-mentioned : the
hoop, in which the bason for the
coals was sunk, is elegantly deco-
rated with rams' heads, connected
by garlands of flowers ; and in the
feason, which was of baked earth,
the very cinders left from the last
sacrifice (nearly 2000 years ago),
were seen as fresh as if they had
been the remains of yesterday's fire !

From the court before-mentioned,
you enter another somewhat larger,
with a stone pulpit in the middle,
and stone seats near the walls. This
spot, therefore, might either have
been the auditorium of some philo-
sopher, or the place where the pub-
lic orators pleaded their causes be-
fore the people, like the rostra at
Rome. Every thing here is in the
highest order and preservation.

The great amphitheatre proudly
projects its walls over every other
edifice on the same elevated spot.
For a country town litie Pompeji,
this is a stupendous structure : it
had twenty-four rows of seats, the
circumference of thelowesl of which
is about 3000 Neapolitan palms,
and is supposed to have held 30,000
people, The upper walls arc much

injured, having, from time imme-
morial, partly projected above-
ground before the disco very of Pom-
peji ; and the whole is, altogether,
not near so substantial and well pre-
served as the theatre at Verona,
which I saw two years ago.

You have now, my dear T. seen
the fashionable, or rather public
end, the Whitehall, of the town of
Pompeji ; a short trip will bring us
into the High-street, the shops, bag-
nios, and the private dwellings of
its inhabitants. Let us see what is
going on there.

It is from a corn-field you descend
into the excavated upper end of the
High -street of this town. An awful
sensation of melancholy seized upon
my mind when I beheld these sad
remains of former opulence and
comfort. In viewing the remnants
of remote ages, we are generally ca-
pable of tracing the period of their
duration from exterior marks left
upon them by the hand of TIME,
But here, I confess, my ideas of
time were so strangely assailed and
bewildered, that, were I to repeat
the whimsical doubts which on this
occasion found their way into my
brain, my possession of the latter
might, I truly fear, be disputed.
What, said I, is that immense in-
terval of events, of something which
history records between the cata-
strophe and the discovery ? A point
in the infinite series of eternity ;
the passing of which we contrive to
ascertain by the apparent rotation
of the sun, or some heavenly body
or other within our observation,-—!
Now let us, for once, suppose the
sun, moon, stars, &c. stood still — no
night, no noon, no alternate chan-
ges of seasons — in fact, no exterior
data by which (like the pious Ga«

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

fholic, who depends upon the beads
in Ins rosary for the numbers of
Paternosters and Avemarias he has
discharged,) we assist that faculty
of our mind, called memory ; a fa-
culty which, under such conditions,
would, I suspect, be either entirely
wanting, or turn out quite another
sort of thing. What then becomes
of your time, of history, our age,
our actions ? The time for our
meals would solely depend upon
our appetite, there being no morn-
ing for breakfast, no noon or night
for dinner; no method for comput-
ing wages, salaries, or interest ;
no possibility of combination in the
movements of armies, or the trans-
actions of common life. What a
chaos of confusion ! arising solely
from a fixed situation of the hea-
venly bodies, from a want of mo-
tion ; without which, it would ap-
pear impossible for time to exist.

Heavens ! whither am I wander-
ing ? What in the world could pos-
sess me to make you pay postage
for my metaphysical dreams, in-
stead of sending you a sober and
cool decription of this street, which
consists of a narrow road for carts,
with foot-pavements on each side.
The middle road is paved with
large blocks of lava, and the ruts
of the wheels proclaim its antiquity,
even at the time of its being over-
whelmed : the footpaths are more
elevated than those in London, ge-
nerally a foot and a half from the
level of the carriage road. The
houses on each side, whether shops
or private buildings, have no claim
to external elegance ; they consist
but of a ground-floor, and have no
other opening towards the street,
except the door. No window is to
be seen, unless the open counter of

the shops towards the street be
deemed such. The windows of the
private houses look into an inner
square court ; and even those are
generally so high, that to look out
of them, must have required a foot-
stool. The apartments themselves
are, with the exception of one in
each house, which probably served
as a drawing-room, extremely di-
minutive, and many very low. How
the great Romans, for whom the
world was too little, could bear to
be cooped up in those little cells,
not much larger than a water-closet,
in a climate like this, will be a nut
to crack for the antiquarians. Don
Michele perhaps saved them the
trouble. "If," he observed, " J
could persuade myself that these
pigsties were actually the work of
Roman architecture, I should feel
no difficulty in solving the doubts
of my credulous English friend. It
was these very confined cells which
made them so eager to get abroad,
and enlarge, by conquests, their
elbow-room ; and the same reason
induces us modern Italians, who
live in comfortable, lofty, and spa-
cious dwellings, to remain where we
are ; convinced, as we feel, that
any change of abode would only
be for the worse."

Friend Michele uttered this opi-
nion of his with that unfortunate
ambiguity of accent, peculiar to a
certain description of people, which
left the matter in doubt whether his
meaning was ironical or serious.
The name of pigsties, however,
they can only deserve from their
size. In point of decoration, the
Pompejan rooms are neat, and, in
many instances, superlatively ele-
gant : the floors generally consist of
figured payementsj either in larger

2PS

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

stones of various colours, regularly
cut and symmetrically disposed,
or some beautiful mosaic, with a
fanciful border, and some animal or
figure in the middle. It is surpris-
ing into how many pleasing shapes
the fertile imagination of the artists
would convert an endless variety of
geometrical lines and figures in
the design of their borders: their
tesselated pavements alone would
evince their skill in ceometry. The
ground is usually white, the orna-
ments black, but other colours are
often employed with increased ef-
fect. Thus much for the floors!
The walls of the rooms are equally,
if not more, deserving our attention :
they are painted, either in compart-
ments, exhibiting some mythologi-
cal or historical event, or simply
coloured over with a light ground,
adorned with a border, and perhaps
an elegant little vignette in the mid-
dle, or at equal distances. The
former (the historical paintings) no
longer exist in Pompeji; for wher-
ever a wall was found which con-
tained a tolerable picture of some
distinct subject, the Neapolitan
government took off the painting,
together with the upper surface of
the wall, and deposited it in the
museum at Portici; so that of those
the bare walls only remain.

You may well suppose, dear T.
that the greatest care and ingenuity
were required to peel off, by means
of sawing, pieces of wail, twenty
and more square feet in extent,
Without destroying the picture :
and I was astonished to find, from
the numerous specimens in the mu-
seum, how successful this mode
had proved : yet even this method
Was no modern invention; for,
tlrange to tell, among the excava- 1

ted remain* of Stabia?, the workmen
rii ^covered an apartment with some
painting*, which had been separa-
ted, by the ancients themselves,
from some wall (in Greece perhaps)
with the obvious intent of being in-
serted in another place: but the
operation was prevented by tho
ruin of the city ; and the paintings-,
therefore, were found merely lean-
ing with one side against the wall
of the apartment.

However desirable it would have
been to have left the rooms in the
same state in which they were first
discovered, yet as there is no roof
to any of the houses, the paintings
would soon have been destroyed by
the dustand rain ; and, in this point
of view, it appears judicious to have
secured these valuable, and almost
only remains of ancient painting,
in a manner which ensures their
preservation for centuries to come.

Be this as it may, it certainly is
greatly to be lamented that, on the
first discovery of these treasures of
antiquity, it was not thought pro-
per to adopt a more effectual me-
thod for preserving them entire and
uninjured to future ages. Such an-
object might have been attained
with ease, and, comparatively, lit-
tle expence, by repairing every
house as soon as it was entirely ex-
cavated, constructing a roof for
each, and otherwise restoring it, as
much as possible, to its pristine
state. This done, the paintings,
mosaics, statues, vases, in short,
every thing might safely have been
left in the place to which it be-
longed, the whole town wouldfmve
formed the most valuable museum
in the universe, and its existence,
by a careful superintendence, and
occasional repairs, prolonged for

LETTER FROM AMELIA,

290

Many centuries to come ; whereas, |
in its present abandoned state, the '
walls of the houses will soon fall —
indeed some are decaying very
fast; and, in less than a hundred
years, the benefit of the singular
volcanic preservation for so many
ages, will have been in vain ; the
appearance of Pompeji, if then it
be at all discernible, will be no-
wise different from other masses of
Italian ruins, a shapeless heap of
stones and rubbish.

This idea, it would not now even
be too late to adopt ; and I took an
opportunity to suggest it to a gen-
tleman connected with the museum
at Portici ; but he shrugged up his
shoulders, saying, "Your plan, sir,
is great and beautiful, like every
thing which comes from your na-
tion ; but its execution, believe me,
would require means far beyond
the reach of this government. Lit-
tle as may appear to you to have
been done by us, you would be sur-
prised to hear of the immense sums

which have hitheriobeen expended
in these excavations ; not only for
the wages of labourers and work-
men, who necessarily proceed very
slowly, but also in the purchase of
the lands under which the city is
buried, and which of course, by
the digging, are rendered useless,
without, in many instances, remu-
nerating the sacrifice by any disco-
veries of value or interest."

These arguments certainly carry
their weight in the mouth of a Nea-
politan, and the necessity of resort-
ing to them will, I fear, long exist.
Were Pompeji as near to London
as it is to Naples, in a few years
lime not a privy would remain hid :
if the government was disinclined to>
undertake the excavation, a sub-
scription of private individuals
would soon furnish the means of ac-
complishing so desirable an object.
But these are pious wishes, which
shall no longer detain me from the
thread of my subject.

(To be continued in our next.)

LETTER FROM AMELIA.

My dear and ever honoured mother,
The very short letter which I
have received from you, gives me
great pleasure, as it informs me of
.your having been for some time free
from pain, and that you will soon
write to me at large ; a circumstance
which, with all its advantages, I
cherish the more, because it proves
to me, that you are in a tolerable
state of enjoyment.

There is an expression in the pa-
per which is now before me, that
suggests the subject of this letter.
To your pleasant observation on the
subject of my having been invited
to a wedding, you ask me, by the

bye, what place of worship I fre-
quent ? I do not feel this little in-

, tenogatory as a reproach from you :
nevertheless something like onearose
in my mind, on reflecting that I
had never mentioned the circum-
stance to you. I have been taught
by my dearest mother, that the at-
tendance upon public worship is a
duty connected with my life ; and
whether I am in the metropolis or
in a village, I shall not fail to prac-,
tise it. Some circumstances, in-
deed, had struck me respecting the
devotional character of the fashion-
able world, and the manner in which

I religious worship is conducted ia

SCO

Letter, from Amelia.

those chapels which are frequented
by persons in the higher ranks of
life. That which my aunt attends
is supplied with what are called po-
pular preachers, with those who are
considered as eminent for the elo-
quence of the pulpit; and as far as
depends on a good delivery, and
elegant composition, they deserve
the reputation which they have ac-
quired. But I do not find that their
preaching produces in my mind
that real satisfaction, or leaves those
fine impressions, which I never fail
to receive from the less ostentatious,
but, I may venture to say, more
evangelical preaching of the vene-
rable pastor of that flock of which

we form a part at . He not

only displays the doctrine, but gives
the example. Here our pulpit ora-
tors not only display the doctrine,
but themselves. These chapels are
private property, and the owners
employ such ministers to officiate,
as are most attractive to fill the seats.
In ours, the person who provides
the ministers, certainly thinks that
variety in this case, as in many
others, heightens theattraction. For
the last six Sundays we have had as
many distinct preachers ; all of them
very qualified men. But, without
attempting to reason on the subject,
I feel the diminution of devotional
influence in proportion to their suc-
cession. A new figure, a new voice,
a new mode of delivery, a new style,
break the chain of that effect which
would be produced by the habit of
hearing- successive instruction from
the same lips, the same language,
and the same elocution. The ser-
vice is well performed as far as re-
lates to the mechanical parts; but
surely the essence must in a great
measure evaporate by such arrange-

ments. It is almost as disgusting
to hear people talk of fashionable
preachers, as it is to perceive that
the notion gives consequence to the
preachers themselves. I have oc-
casionally met two of these tonish
ecclesiastics, who, after they have
been performing their sacred duties*
will descant upon the opera of the
preceding evening with all the phra-
ses of a first-rate amateur. One of
these clerical fashionables, last Sun-
day, having preached a very po-
lished discourse on the pleasures of
the world, observed to me at the
chapel door, when he saw a sprin-
kle of rain, that he feared I should
be d isappointed of my walk in Ken-
sington Gardens. On my telling
him that I never frequented them
on the Sabbath, he replied, with an
exclamation of surprise, that be
thought the Sunday promenade
there in the spring was the most de-
lightful treat which the metropolis
afforded. His sermons, I must own,
never had much effect on me before
this declaration, but now they will
tend rather to lessen my devotion,
than to animate it. Worldly, or
to speak more precisely, personal
vanity is a very despicable quality
in any one ; but, in a preacher of
the gospel, it may surely be said to
border on crime. With what supe-
rior feelings do I sit in our old Go-
thic pew at , and what dif-
ferent emotions are excited by the
apostolic preaching of our venera-
ble pastor and master, who

Allures to brighter worlds, and leads the way.

As I am upon this subject, I will
give, my dearest mother, some ac-
count of a visit I paid to one of the
principal places of worship, belong-
ing to the sect called Methodists,

LETTER FROM AMELIA.

301

i was persuaded by Mrs. IT

lo accompany her (hither. She is
a very amiable woman, who is at-
tached to that mode of religion, and
has the very great merit of acting
up to the principles which she pro-
losses. There is neither gloom nor
Severity in her manners or conver-
sation: on the contrary, she pos-
sesses very cheerful spirits; and
Iier general sentiments have all that
liberality which marks an enlarged
understanding, and an excellent
heart. She has, however, laid down
certain rules, to which she firmly
ana invariably adheres. Among
them, she neither pays, nor receives
visiis on Sundays : she never touch-
es a card, or enters a play-house :
but she occasionally has dinner
parties, which she contrives to ren-
der very pleasant by the clever peo-
ple whom she collects on those oc-
casions, and her little concerts are
perfectly delightful.

With this good lady I entered a
spacious chapel, which, she told
me, contained three thousand peo-
ple, and it was completely filled.
The service, which was that of our
church, commenced with a psalr;,
accompanied by the organ ; and I
know not how to describe the effect
it had upon me. If what followed
had corresponded with the begin-
ning, yc,ir Amelia, I believe, would
not have been able to resist the con-
version with which Mrs. H

had threatened her. The two first
lines of the verse were sung by the
whole congregation, the third was
left exclusively to the female part
of it, and the closing line was re-
sumed by the whole chorus. As the
larger part of the assembly consisted
of females, it may be supposed that
at least fifteen hundred female voices
chaunlcd forth the fine iitople me-

No. XL Vol. it

lody of our old psalm tunes. I leave
you to judge of the effect. And now
for the preacher.

He was certainly gifted with elo-
quence, and was completely master
of his subject, which, while he con-
fined himself to it, he treated in an
able manner : for though he, at
times, enforced the leading truths
of Christianity with great energy,
he frequently sunk into a manner,
that, under the guise of familiar
conversation, bordered on vulgarity.
On quoting a passage from the Pro-
verbs, he particularly and earnestly
recommended it to the attention of
the female part of his audience,
who had young daughters of their
own, or the care of those of others ;
and for what purpose think you?
to use his own Avords, " that the
girls might be made to work it on
their samplers." The reason was
so unexpected to me, and the re-
commendation sO different from any
thing that I had ever heard from a
pulpit, as to excite emotions which
ought not to affect the mind on such
an occasion ; but I could not resist
them. He then launched into a vio-
lent strain of personal abuse ; and
were you to guess for a year, you
would not hit upon the object of it,
though he is so great a favourite of
us both : it was no less a man than
Shakspeare. lie informed us that
a volume of sermons had been lately
sent to him as a complimentary pre-
sent; in one of which, the writer
had introduced a quotation from one
of Shakspeare's plays. He accord-
ingly took occasion, after speaking
rather in a disrespectful manner of
! the sermons themselves, to attack
! the poet with a degree of vulgar,
! acrimonious vehemence, which at
; once astonished and disgusted me.
"This playwright," he said, " may
Ss

302

LETTER FROM AMELIA.

have, here and there, some dazzling
poetical passages, but what trash
you must wade through to get at
them ! It is the work of a scaven-
ger, who, in raking amidst filth and
dirt, may sometimes find a silver-
spoon or a sixpence." This reve-
rend gentleman is represented as a
Very pious man ; but I scarcely envy
the piety that would render me in-
sensible to the beauties of the first
dramatic poet in the world. His
style of preaching, however, did
not fatigue me ; on the contrary,
from its novelty and original tex-
ture, it was rather entertaining;
and you will be of my opinion, when
you have read the following story,
which he literally related as I am
about to repeat it.

" If you think that, by merely
coming to church, and joining in the
public prayers, you perform an ac-
ceptable service to your Maker, you
are woefully mistaken — it is no such
thing, I assure you. This is mere
nominal religion ; and if the offices
of public worship do not produce
in your minds, a sense of your own
nothingness — if it does not operate
upon your lives and conversations,
by improving you in every good
word and work, you had better stay
at home, than come here to play the
hypocrite, and make a mockery of
religion. Lip- worship is no wor-
ship at all, unless the heart and soul
are deeply engaged in it. You may
be very good kind of people, but
you are no Christians. — I had an
aunt who was, what is called, a very
good kind of woman ; and she had
the character, in her neighbour-
hood, of being one of the best old
ladies that ever lived. When I was
a boy, I always paid her a visit
during the school vacations ; and I
well remember, that, immediately

after breakfast, the Bible and Pray*
er-book never failed to be brought
her, when she used to read aloud
the psalms and lessons for the day ;
a ceremony which no consideration
whatever would have induced her
to omit : and when she had finished,
she took her spectacles off her nose,
shut the book, and used to exclaim,
pretty audibly, t Thank God, this
work is done !' Such was my poor
dear aunt ; and such is the religion
of too large a portion of those who
call themselves Christians." — It
was with difficulty I could dis-
guise my feelings on the occasion :
but though I longed to laugh, I re-
frained even from a smile.

The preacher then proceeded to
denounce vengeance against these
nominal professors of religion, in
language which I shall not write,
though it was more like scolding
than preaching; when, having com-
mitted them, in his phrase, to the
everlasting burnings, he left them
there, and concluded his discourse.
I must, however, acknowledge, that
the congregation, as far as I coidd
observe it, seemed to be generally
affected ; so that, I presume, this
mode of oratory was suited to their
habits and capacities. The singing
at the conclusion charmed my mind
to a proper state of composure ; but
Mrs. II did not venturGto ques-
tion me on what I had heard ; she
only expressed her hopes that I was
so well satisfied with the devotion
of the evening, as to be disposed to
repeat it. I replied, as you may
suppose, with the utmost civil ily,
but without making any engage-
ment to repeat my visit. I shall
only add, that I am

Your ever dutiful
and affectionate daughter,

Amelia.

SOS

LETTER TO MISS W

DESIRING HER TO TAKE CARE

OF HER HOUSE.

As you are tenant at will, in a
Very handsome genteel house, and
are now capable of furnishing it in
the best manner, and of ruling it by
the strictest maxims of prudence
and decorum, permit a friend to
give a few cursory hints, in an affair
of so much importance.

Your building is composed of
some of the finest materials I ever
saw, and is so much the more li-
able to discover every flaw or spot
that may accidentally touch it. It
is erected of a proper height, a just
size, reared. on a regular plan, and
finished with the most accurate pro-
portion. On the top stands an emi-
nent turret, furnished with a room
of a globular form, which I observe
lias two crystal windows in front.
These are so constructed as to be
exceedingly useful, as they com-
mand an extensive prospect, and if
always kept clear and bright, will
prove a great ornament to the house.
I advise you not to look through
them at every object that passes
by. Be sure to shut them soon at
night, and you may open them as
early as you please in the morning.
On each side I discover a small
portal, to receive company, Take
care these do not always stand open,
for then you will be crowded with
visitors, and perhaps with many
such as you will not like. Let them
never be shut against the instructive
parent, the advising friend, or the
supplicating orphan. I took no-
tice of one gate in front, at which
all your company goes out. Let
that generally be barred close. Be
cautious what visitors you let out
publicly, lest, if any of ill character

be seen coming out of it, you draw
a scandal upon your house. It will
be necessary therefore to lay a
strict injunction of vigilance on
your two porters, who stand as cen-
tinels, in liveries of the deepest scar-
let, just without the ivory palisades.
I have seen some people paint the
two pannels below the windows ;
but I would advise you to the con-
trary ; for your natural colours far
exceed all the deooraiions of art.
This part of the edifice is supported
by a pillar of Corinthian marble,
whose base is ornamented with two
alabaster semi-globes, over which is
generally drawn a lawn curtain, of
admirable needle-work. Beneath is
the great hall, in which you have a
small closet, of exquisite workman-
ship, in the shape of a heart : this
I suppose is the place of your secret
retirement, open to none but your-
self, and some faithful intimate
friend. I advise you to keep this
always clean, furnish it troll, make
a little library of the best practical
authors, and visit it frequently, es-
pecially when you return from
church, or leave a circle of acquaint-
ance whom you have met at the tea-
table. Let the exterior of the hall
appear not like a hearse, hung

iround with cushions, nor

coach of state, bedawbed with gilt
and colours; but let it be plain,
neat, and clean, to convince the
world that it is kept more for use
than ornament.

You are sensible that time effaces
the beauty and demolishes the
strength of the noblest structures ;
and therefore will not be surprised
to find your little tenement subject

S s2

S04

CN THE HAPPINESS OF MEDIOCRITY*.

to the same change. Doubtless it
has often wanted repair, though
you have lived no longer in it, which
are plain intimations that the house
will one day fall. You may soon
be turned out; the landlord may
give you warning or not, this is un-
certain : be always ready to go when
called upon, and then you will not
be afraid to leave it at the shortest
notice. One thing I would observe,
too, is, that when you quit the
house, no other tenant will be suf-
fered to inhabit it, but it will lie
waste and in ruins. Yet the pro-

prietor will some time or other re«
build it for your reception, in a
more durable manner, with the same
materials; but so refined and modi-
fied, that it will be liable to no ac-
cident nor decays. And as it is
absolutely necessary that your ha-
bitation be new reared in some other
place, I heartily wish it may be in
a finer country, under a milder cli-
mate, and well sheltered from all
storms: then will your situation
be happy, and your lease will never
expire. Your's,

ON THE HAPPINESS OF MEDIOCRITY.

Auream vnediociitatem.

-Hor.

The golden mean

It was a short, but celebrated
saying of one of the Grecian sages,
" to /AETfov af/rov," mediocrity is best.
Though no situation in life can en-
sure perfect happiness to man, yet
that middle condition, which is
equally distant from the disquieting
cares of grandeur, and the wretch-
ed meanness of poverty, may per-
haps approach nearest to it. There
the malignant attempts of envy, or
the bold and daring attacks of in-
terested ambition, made by the ri-
vals of the rich and powerful, for
the most part fly harmless over our
heads ; while the sufferings of dis-
tressed indigence, or the groans of
disease, amid dirt and wretchedness,
■where the voice of soothing conso-
lation is unheard, are alike beneath
our feet.

Yet, after all, this is perhaps only
an agreeable theory, which strikes
the fancy by its seeming probabi-
lity ; but when brought to the test
of experiment, is frequently void
of any real foundation. That '.* au-

rea mediocritas," that golden mean,
which Horace describes as the resi-»
dence of happiness, though it may,
as he says, be free from the dirty
meanness which is the attendant of
extreme poverty, and be sheltered
from the envy which infests the pa*
laces of greatness ; yet, in itself, it
cannot bestow felicity upon any
one. The external conveniences and
comforts of life, and the power of
supplying our necessary wants
which it affords, can only height*
en, not cause that bliss, of which
virtue and a contented mind are the
sources. Men of common talents
may imitate the style and particu-
lar manner of a great poet, and yet
not excite any of that enthusiastic
admiration, with which he, whom
they imitate, was every where re^
ceived. No ; they want that ex-
alted genius, that quickness of feel-
ing, which intuitively swells into
rapture at the grand and beautiful
views of nature, and that vivid co-
louring of fancy, which are the

ON THE HAPPINESS OF MEDIOCRITT.

303

great requisites of a poet. In the
same manner, a disposition natu-
rally cheerful and contented, is ab-
solutely necessary to the acquire-
ment or enjoyment of happiness.
The man who cherishes secret dis-
satisfaction, and is offended at every
trivial accident, though he swayed
the sceptre of Europe, or boasted
in his cotters the wealth of Peru ;
and, in addition to these, possessed
the inestimable blessing of health
for the enjoyment of either, yet
would always be miserable by the
slightest opposition of others U) his
wishes, and by his own indulgence
in t Lie habitual irritation of his tem-
per. But if, in early life, we thus
foster repinings and murmurs, when
Providence, with liberal hand,
kindly pours its choicest blessings
upon us, how exquisitely wretched
must we be, when the winter of age
advances, and oppresses us with
torturing diseases and debilitating
infirmities! Virtuous honesty, whose
tirmness no enticements or violence
can shake, joined with serenity of
mind, diffuses those feelings of de-
light over the humble inhabitants of
the thatched cot, which the heart,
tainted by vice and guilt, can never
hope to attain, though it were
placed in that desirable medium,
where none of the real comforts of

life are wanting ;

and which is, at

the same time, unencumbered by
its superfluities, and without any
care, except those which a gloomy
disposition and, harassed conscience
would create.

In all the various degrees of so-
ciety, every plan of happiness
which fancy raises, unless founded
upon virtuous principles and ac-
tions, must necessarily sink like the
£ baseless fabric of a vision, and

leave not a wreck behind." For, as
the poet no less justly than beauti-
fully observes,

" Virtue alone is happiness below."

And whoever seeks for happiness by
any other road, shall, sooner or
later, be bewildered in the laby-
rinths of error, perceive, and vainly
lament, his fatal delusion.

During our voyage through this
stormy ocean of life, where every
man, by night and by day, nay,
every moment, is liable to perish,
either gradually or suddenly, in
the waves ; when virtue takes the
helm (though, even with her as our
guide, we must sink at last), she
often prolongs, and renders our
course more agreeable, by teaching
us to avoid the destructive rocks
and quicksands of sensual pleasure,
and never fails to enable us to meet
our end with resignation and com-
posure.

To him, on whose mind the prin-
ciples of religion have been early
engrafted, whose views arc expand-
ed and rendered clear by science,
whose heart is continually sending
up strains of gratitude and praise
to the Creator for his various mer-
cies, the golden mean is far prefer-
able, and conduces, in a much
greater degree, to permanent com-
fort and solid happiness. Here he
possesses enough of the goods of this
world for use, without the enticing,
and almost irresistible allurements
which abundance holds forth ; at
the same time, he avoids the bane-
ful envy and jealous hatred of those
around him. His own desires are
satisfied with a sufficiency remain-
ing for the purpose of relieving the
distressed and indigent. Not com-
pelled, like the daily labourer, to
earn the requisite supports of the

306

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

present hour, by the swe.it of his
brow, and hard and unremitting
toil ; or, like the great and power-
ful, always upon the watch to over-
turn the influence of a rival, anil
pestered with the desires of aggran-
dizement and greater exaltation, he
has leisure to discharge the solemn
duties he owes society and his own
soul : his days pass on in a con-
tinual round of virtuous occupa-
tions, v»hich diffuse a constant self-
satisfaction over his mind, and
likewise procure him the prayers
and blessings of the poor, and the
esteem and respect of the rich. But
if exalted on the pinnacle of gran-
deur, though defended from the en-
venomed darts of calumny, by the
dazzling and impenetrable shield
which an honest character, and con-
scious rectitude of principle, ad-
vance before him — though all his
actions could bear the severest scru-
tiny of curiosity or opposition, yet
he cannot look down from his tow-
ering height, and behold, without
feelings of inward regret, busy mul-

titudes, to whom he has never given
cause of dissatisfaction, labouring
eagerly, either to thrust him from
his height by open warfare, or en-
deavouring, by slow and secret toil,
to undermine his seat, and dash
him down suddenly and unexpect-
edly, in order that the successful
opponent may ascend in his stead.
The soul shrinks with disgust and
horror from the smooth ilatterer ;
who, while he is pouring " words
sweeter than honey" from his lips,
anxiously and ardently in his heart
panls after your destruction.

When we contemplate, calmly
and deliberately, the feverish anxi-
eties, the sordid pride, and avari-
cious cares uf wealth and grandeur,
or the bed of sickness placed amidst
noise, filth, and wretchedness, and
where no kindly officious friend
takes his stand, we are equally fear-
ful of each, and cannot help desir-
ing his condition, who, as Horac©
says,

Caret obsoleti
Sordibus tecti, caret hmdendi
Sobrius aula.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

The mathematical and physical
class of the Institute, held its meet-
ing on Monday, the 2d of January,
1809, Mr. de Bougainville in the
chair. The following was the order
of the readings :

1. Proclamation of the questions
proposed, and of the prizes decreed
by the class. — 2. Historical eulogy
of Mr. Lassus, by Mr. Cuvier, per-
petual secretary. — 3. Essay on the
navigation of the ancients, by Mr.
Buache. — 4. Historical eulogy of
Mr. Berthoud, by Mr. Delambrc,
perpetual secretary. — 5. Essay on
the levelling of plains with the ba-

rometer, by Mr. Raniond. — 6. His-
torical eulogy of Mr. Ventenat, by
Mr. Cuvier. — 7. Essay on the
means of facilitating the victualling
of fleets stationed at Brest, in time
of war, by navigable canals, by Mr.
Rochon.

The class had proposed as the
subject of a double prize, The theo-
ry of the perturbations of the pla-
net Pallas, discovered by Olbers ;
or generally the theory of those
planets, the eccentricity and incli-
nation of which are too considerable
for their perturbations, to be calcu-
lated with sufficient precision by

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

307

the methods already known. No
paper having been seen, it is left
open till the 1st of October, 1810.
The prize, a medal of the value of
c£c250 sterling.

The following new question is
proposed, for the same period :
To examine Whether there exist
any circulation hi the animals
known by the name of asterice, or
sea-stars, echini, or sea-hedgehogs,
and holothurice ; and, if there be,
to describe its course and organs.
Observations on living animals
must be given ; and the organs of
respiration, if there be any, de-
scribed, as well as the sanguineous
System. The prize ^125.

So many papers had.becn sent on
The inquiry into the causes of the
different kinds of phosphorescence,
and they included so many experi-
ments, that the class was unable to
give them a sufficient examination ;
and, in consequence, postponed its
award till the 1st of April.

When Mr. de Lalande allotted
•an annual medal, for the author of
the newest, and most curious obser-
vation, he was far from expecting
it would be applied every year to
such splendid discoveries as those
of Piazzi, Olbers, and Harding:
accordingly, in defect of such inte-
resting observations, he desired it
might be conferred on the author
of the best memoir on any astrono-
mical subject ; or, if no one worthy
of it offered, that it might reward the
pupil, who should display the most
zeal and perseverance in devoting
himself to astronomy. No new dis-
covered planet, or very important
essay, having appeared, the society
was embarrassed in its choice of a
student to be rewarded. It might
have been adjudged to Mr. Arago,

who had assisted Mr. Bouvard at
the imperial observatory, and after-
wards accompanied Mr. Biot to
Spain, to measure an arc of the me-
ridian. Made prisoner in Majorca,
he had escaped thence to Algiers ;
but was retaken by a Spanish vessel
near Palamos, on board an Algerine
in which he was returning to France.
Having lately been rewarded, how-
ever, by the appointment of assist-
ant to the board of longitude, it
was conferred on Mr. Mathieu, who
had succeeded him in both his for-
mer offices.

The history of the class of mathe-
matical sciences this year, exhibits
a remarkable circumstance: one of
the most difficult and important
questions in the mundane system,
treated with equal success, though
after very different methods, by two
geometricians of the first order,
Mr. Laplace and Mr. Lagrange,
who thus arrive at the same point
by different paths ; and the subject
was suggested to both by an inte-
resting paper, which a young geo-
metrician of great merit, Mr. Pois-
son, read to the class. Astronomers
have observed a perceptible accele-
ration in the motion of the moon.
The other planets, therefore, and
among them the earth, may have a
similar acceleration in their move-
ments, though less evident. Now if
the motions of the planets* be accele-
rated , it must be from their approach-
ing nearer to the center of motion ;
and will not this acceleration con-
sequently go on increasing, till at
length tliey fall into, or on the sun ?
Mr. Poisson, after a laborious in-
vestigation, shews, that, though
the motions of the planets are acce-
lerated in some parts of their orbits,
their mean motions remain iuva-

?os

of the U'Xuhy of the Romans.

riable ; and his conclusions are
confirmed by Messrs. Laplace and
Lagrange,

A history of the sciences, from
the year 1789, was presented by
the class to the emperor, who or-
dered it to be printed.

As soon as Mr. Davy's discovery
of the metallization of potash and
soda, by the agency of the Voltaic
pile, of which we have already
given an account, vol. I. pp. 219
and 300, was known in France,
Messrs. Gay Lussac and Thenard
attempted to produce the same ef-
fect by means of common chemical
affinities, and succeeded. On ex-
posing the potash and soda with
iron filings to the heat of a powerful
fire in a curved iron tube, they ob-
tained their metallic bases in con-
siderable quantities. They after-
wards attempted, by means of these
metals, to analyze other substances
hitherto undecomposableby chemi-
cal art: as the boracic acid, the ra-
dical of which they thus separated.
[They have since eifected the de-
composition of fluoric acid ; but, as
well as Mr. Davy, were unable to
separate the radical of the muriatic.
They have also obtained metals from

the volatile alkali, and from the
alkaline earths.]

Mr. Dree has imitated the expe-
riments of Sir James Hall, exposing
stones to high heats in close vessels.
Having thus treated fragments of
rocks, with trap and chert for their
base, he found, that they assumed
all the appearance of stony lavas ;
and that the crystals of feldspar in.
these rocks, were not altered. This
explains the singular fact of somany
fusible crystals being contained in
lavas, which has led many to ques-
tion their ever having been fused.

The invention of the art of lami-
nating zinc, practised by Mr. Syl-
vester, of Sheffield, is claimed by
the Institute for Macquer and Sage,
who are said to have done the same
long ago in France. To this it
adds, that Messrs. Dony and Pon-
celet convert calamine, or the ox-
ide of zinc, by simple sublimation,
into metal sufficiently pure to be
laminable. The ore affords them
one third of its weight in zinc,
which is much cheaper than lead.

Mr. Mollerat procures from the
wood converted into charcoal, an
active acid, as pure as the radical
vinegar. — (To be continued.)

OF THE LUXURY

(By Augustus

Luxury is, in fact, nothing
more than superabundance, or the
application of superfluities to un-
necessary purposes : luxury, there-
fore, may be found in the cottage
as in the palace, according to the
different ideas of superfluity impart-
ed by education, habit, or philo-
sophy. Diogenes considered a cup
as a luxury, because lie could

OF THE ROMANS.

v6n Katzebuc.)

drink out of the hollow of his hand.
Ah ancient German warrior, on the
contrary, looked upon the skull of
his enemy, tipped with silver or
j gold, as an indispensable drinking
utensil ; and by an oriental de*
bauchec, a single onyx, or a pearl
hollowed out into a goblet, was not
deemed a luxury.

The moralists of all ages have

OF THE LUXURY OF TltE ROMANS.

509

loudly declaimed against luxury ;
the politicians, on the ether hand,
have often defended it : the former,
in general, with morose expressions,
which prove nothing ; and the lat-
ter wit'i mercantile views, which are
good for nothing. Both were wrong.
The defenders of luxury asserted,
that it increased population : but,
at the time of the highest prosperity
and luxury of the Roman common-
wealth, Italy, according to the tes-
timony of Livy, was scarcely half
so populous as when it was parcel-
led out into petty republics, which
were strangers to luxury.

They, moreover, maintained, that
it enriches the state. There was a
time w hen Portugal was one of those
states which most abounded in lux-
uries ; and yet, notwithstanding the
excellence of its soil, its favourable
situation, and its colonies, it was
less rich than Holland, so destitute
of luxuries, with its inferior posi-
tion and its simple manners.

They farther urged, that luxury
promotes the circulation of money.
But in France, luxury had, thirty
years ago, risen to a very high
pitch; and yet people complained,
with reason, of the want of this cir-
culation : money, indeed, was pro-
fusely poured from the provinces
into the capital, but it did not find
its way back again.

They likewise advanced, that
luxury softens the manners. Ex-
amples of the contrary are daily
witnessed.

They asserted, that it favours the
progress of the sciences and fine
arts. It might be asked, what pro-
gress had the fine arts made among
the Sybarites and Lydians ?

Lastly, they assumed that luxury
infallibly augmented both the power

No. XI. Vol. 11.

of nations and the happiness of in-
dividuals : but the Persians under
Cyrus wrere almost strangers to lux-
ury, and subdued the opulent As-
syrians. When, in the sequel, the
Persians themselves had become the
most luxurious of nations, they
bowed their necks to the yoke of
the indigent Macedonians. Savage
nations, without luxury, destroj'ed
the Roman empire, and demolished
the throne of the caliphs. As to the
happiness of the citizens, luxury
certainly affords more conveniences
and gratifications — but to how ma-
ny ? By far the smallest number.

It is evident that history does not
support the friends of luxury, but it
is not more favourable to its ene-
mies. The latter, always ready to
hurl their anathemas, maintained
that a very great inequality of riches
is the inseparable companion of lux-
ury ; that a few revelled in abund-
ance, while the multitude languish-
id in the most abject misery. But
this position is not always true. In
Poland, where slavery appeared i-i
its most odious form, thex^ was less
luxury than in Switzerland, where
the people lived in superabundance.

They farther maintained, that
luxury sacri/ices the useful to the
agreeable arts, and that it desolates
the country by enticing the inha-
bitants to the cities. But Lombardy
and Flanders possessed, and still
possess, great luxury, numerous
and handsome cities: notwithstand-
ing which, the country is populous,

and the husbandman wealth

Spain, on the contrary, where little
luxury prevails, agriculture is neg-
lected.

They assert, that luxury depo-
pulates the state : but, for above a
century, luxury and population
Tt

310

OF THE LUXURY OF THE ROMANS.

have, in England, increased in equal
proportion.

They maintain that luxury ener-
vates. Were the Romans less brave
under Luciillus ? They say, that it
stifles patriotism and a sense of ho-
nour. Was ever a sense of honour
more brilliantly displayed than in
the luxurious age of Louis XIV. ?

What inference is to be drawn
from all this ? That both parties
are neither right nor wrong. Ex-
cessive luxury is in every respect
pernicious ; when moderate, it is
beneficial. But it is extremely dif-
ficult to determine where the line is
to be drawn between the too much,
and not too much, and this depends
on the peculiar relations of each
state. In a political point of view, I j
am ready to subscribe to this posi-
tion, that every luxury which con-
sumes the productions of its own
soil, or of native industry, is advan-
tageous; but, on the other hand,
that luxury is pernicious which con-
sumes none but foreign productions.

But it was not my intention to
write a moral or political disserta-
tion on luxury ; I merely designed
to say a few words concerning the
luxury of the Romans ; because it
is at present so general a com-
plaint, that luxury had never at-
tained such a height as in our days
among the people who so horribly
imitate the ancient Romans, and
that, unfortunately, in the mode of
obtaining the means of the most ex-
travagant luxury. Still, however,
people are egregiously mistaken, if
they imagine that the luxury of
the modern Romans can bear even
a distant comparison with the lux-
ury of those of antiquity ; concern-
ing which I have collected a few
fects. Seneca, Pliny, Valerius Max-

imus, Dio, Martial, Suetonius, and
many others, whose names are of
no consequence to the reader, are
my authorities.

Opulence is the mother of lux-
ury. The Romans were much more
wealthy than their modern imita-
tors. Apicius possessed a million
sesterces ; Crispus and M. Crassus
twice as much ; and Seneca even
thrice that sum, according to Taci-
tus. Narcissus, and a certain au-
gur, Cn. Lentulus, had each four
millions of sesterces. Isidorus, a
man of very low birth, had up-
wards of 4000 slaves, 3000 yoke of
oxen, 250,000 head of cattle of all
kinds, and left, besides, a prodigious
quantity of ready money. This
Isidorus had, moreover, lost consi-
derable property during the civil
war. There were people who pos-
sessed whole provinces, and knew
not the boundaries of their domains.
In Nero1s time, half of Africa was
divided among six masters. To
such Seneca alluded when he ex-
claimed, "Oh! how lamentable is
it when a man knows no greater
pleasure than to open his immense
rent-roll, to survey the prodigious
tracts which are cultivated for him
by subject nations, the innumerable
flocks and herds which find their
pasture in provinces and kingdoms ;
a domestic establishment more nu-
merous than many a warlike people ;
private buildings more extensive
than large cities !"

This remarkable passage might
indeed be looked upon as a poetic
exaggeration, if a hundred other
contemporaries had not confirmed
its accuracy. " It has come so far,"
says the same Seneca, " that even
exiles take with them for their sup-
port, a larger sum than formerly

OF THE LUXURY OF THE ROMANS.

constituted a princely inheritance."
. — The emperor Augustus restrained
the latter abuse ; he decreed that an
exile should not have more than 20
slaves or frecd-men, and not more
in money than 500,000 sesterces.

What a change had taken place
in the times ! Under Romulus, two
acres of land constituted a rich
man — nobody possessed more. In
this state things continued for a con-
siderable time. Almost three cen-
turies afterwards, Cincinnatus, the
dictator, was distinguished as the
proprietor of four acres. About two
hundred years later, Attilius Regu-
lus had seven : nay, but a short
time previous to the establishment
of the monarchy, the income of
the first senator, Scaurus, scarcely
amounted to ^1500 sterling. This
standard held good in other par-
ticulars. A certain Tatia was con-
sidered to have brought her hus-
band a very largedowry ; it amount-
ed to about €200. The senate gave
a like sum for the dowry of the
daughter of the great Scipio. A
female, named Megullia, received
the surname of dot at a t because she
had for her dowry the prodigious
sum of .€100.

Juvenal, on the contrary, fixes
that of Messalina at ^5000 ; and
thus it kept continually rising. Mo-
ney, the plunder ofthe whole world,
accumulated to such a degree, that
the rate of interest gradually fell
from 100 to 3 per cent. Landed
estates, on the other hand, naturally
rose exceedingly in value.

An inordinate profusion was the
consequence of this prodigious
wealth. Horace makes mention of
one Tigellius, who, in five days,
squandered €5000. Martial diverts
himself at the expeuce of a man

named Cinna, who, in less than a
year, ran through €40,000. Milo
dissipated not only his own patri-
mony, bnt likewise 3\ millions of.
sesterces, the property of others.
Apicius expended a million more,
merely in his kitchen. " I want
12f millions of sesterces," said
Caesar the dictator, " in order to
possess nothing :" meaning only to
pay his debts. The erection ofthe
forum alone, indeed, cost him fiye
millions. This, however, was no-
thing in comparison ofthe wants of
Caligula, who, in less than a year,
lavished away 165 millions. How
did he contrive to do this ? Sueto-
nius informs us :

" He invented new baths, and
new ways of preparing food ; drank
the finest pearls, dissolved in vine-
gar ; caused golden loaves to be set
before his guests ; threw money
among the people; constructed gal-
lies, the poop of which was covered
with precious stones. The sails were
'formed ofthe most costly stuffs ; in
the interior were baths, covered
passages, banqueting-rooms, deco-
rated with vines and fruit trees. In
vessels of this kind, provided with
bands of music, he sailed along the
coasts of Campania. When he con-
structed palaces, his invention was
upon the rack to contrive something
that appeared impossible to be ac-
complished : moles were thrown
up in the deepest and most tempes-
tuous seas; rocks were removed,
vallies transformed into mountains,
and mountains into vallies; every
thing was required to be done with
the utmost celerity, the least delay
being punished with death." It is
not dilficult to conceive that in this
way he might have squandered such
a trifling sum in le&s than a year*
T t 3

312

OF THE LUXURY OF THE ROMANS.

But the emperor was not aloie for-
menled by this spirit of profusion,
the citizens copied his example as
closely as they could. Seneca re-
lates, that they began with orna-
ments for the person ; then trans-
ferred ;heir extravagance to their
habitations, and lastly to their ta-
bles.

I shall quote the most striking in-
stances of each of these species of
luxury. A smooth skin, a painted
face (the men painted as well as
the women), a mincing careless
gait, were indispensable requisites of
bonton. Julius Caesar himself took
more pains with his person than be-
came a hero; very often had his
hair cut, and even plucked up, and
was fond of .vearing his wreath of
laurel, to hide his baldness. What
very different things are now-a-days
concealed beneath a crown of lau-
rel ! He likewise wore an uncom-
mon, embroidered purple habit,
with sleeves which reached down
to Ihe wris(s.

The young gentlemen most care-
fully constructed with their hair an
edifice, which rose by gradations ;
t)icy anointed themselves, polished
and rubbed their faces with crumb
of bread, imitated the softness of
the female voice, and, in short, af-
forded a rich subject for the epi-
grammatists of their time. Their
clothes were kept at home in a
press, that they might retain their
glo;?s. Their wardrobes contained
a numerous assortment. A praetor,
who was going to give an entertain-
ment, one day requested Luculius
to lend him some dresses for ihe mu-
sicians. "How many doyon want?"
asked Luculius. The prastor mo-
destly asked for no more than one
hundred, and Luculius ordered two

hundred to be given him. The Hi*
gants changed their clothes very
often during a single meal, and ne-
ver took less than a dozen suits
with them to the bath. They wore
surf outs, or great-coats, which cost
£b0 a piece.

The benches on which they lay
round the table, were likewise an
object of the most extravagant lux-
ury. Metellus Scipio reproached a
certain Capitus with paying ^£4000
for a Babylonian bench for this pur-,
pose. Nero afterwards bought the
same for upwards of ^160,000. —
This account appears scarcely cre-
dible, but the fact is related by
Pliny. This prodigious price was
determined by two qualities ; the
colour, which was purple, and the
materials silk. A pound of purple
was at first worth £2, and at last
£20. Respecting silk, Seneca ex-
claimed, li I have seen silken gar-
ments, if, however, they may be
denominated garments, which do
not hide the body, and still less
what modesty ought to conceal.
They are so transparent, that a fe-
male is obliged to swear, before you
can believe, that she is not naked."
These garments, nevertheless,
were only half silk ; for those made
entirely of silk, ■were. not introduced
before ths reign of Hcliogabalus.
The passion for ornaments, such
as pearls, emeralds, and precious
stones, had arrived at such a pitch
among the Roman ladies, that they
were not thought more than ordi-
narily dressed when they wore
~€200,000 worth. Seneca asserts,
that they wore pendants in their
ears which were equivalent in value
to the whole property of an opulent
family. Julius Caesar purchased
for Servilia, the mother of Brutus,

CURIOUS PARTICULARS RESPECTING THEATRES.

313

to whom be was particularly at-
tached, a single pearl at the rate
of ,£30,000. A pair of pearls be-
longing to Cleopatra were valued
at ,£50,000. By degrees, a greater
number of pearls were strung toge-
ther, so that the ears were length-
ened by their weight.

The neck and. arms were also en-
circled with pearl necklaces, brace-
lets, and chains, of which the fa-
thers, Jerome and Tertullian, with
pious horror, assert: the former,
that a single necklace surpasses se-
veral villages in value ; and the
latter, that they cost £5000, and
that whole forests and islands are
scarcely sufficient to defray the ex-
pellees of those ornaments.

Rings were worn on every finger
by men and women ; nay, even
each joint of every finger was adorn-
ed with them. When Nonius the
senator was banished by Antonius,
he took Avith him a single ring worth
£100,000. Girdles, swords, and
scabbards, were also ornamented
with costly stones. The shoe-strings
were of gold, enriched with preci-
ous stones. Parasols and fans glist-
ened with gold. " The daughters
of freed-men," exclaimed Seneca,
" now squander, upon a single mir*
ror, more than the whole amount
of the dowry decreed by the senate
to the daughters of Scipio."
(To be continued.)

PURIOUS PARTICULARS RESPECTING THEATRES.

(By Kotzebue.)
IN A LETTER TO A LADY.

In your last letter from Naples,
my dear friend, you enquire whether
I have ever seen a more magnificent
theatre than that of St. Carlos.
Though 1, a child of the eighteenth
century, must certainly reply in the
negative ; yet you must not, on this
account, imagine that a more splen-
did one never existed. As you are
at this moment in a country once
subject to the Romans, grown im-
moderately rich by plunder, I can-
not forbear conducting you into
some ancient Roman theatres ; be-
side which that of St. Carlos would
have cut a very paltry figure.

In the year 09 £ from the build-
ing of Rome, and, to commence
with a proper display of erudition,
during the consulship of Pisa and
Gabinius, Scaurus the ledile erected,
at his expense, ^ remarkable theatre

for a single month. It consisted of
three stories ; the first of marble,
the second of crystal, and the third
of gilded wood. The facade was
adorned with 360 columns of the
rarest kinds of marble ; the lower
38 feet in height, and the o(hers of
proportionate dimensions. Between
these columns were placed 3000
statues of bronze, and an infinite
multitude of pictures from Sicyon,
where the most celebrated school of
painting at that time flourished.
The very richly ornamented pit, or
whatever you chuse to call it, was
capable of containing S0,000 spec-
tators. In a word, the whole, inclu-
ding the costly wardrobe of the
actors, was of such immense value,
that the following fact will scarcely
appear credible to you. After the
demolition of this theatre, Scaurus

314

CURIOUS PARTICULARS RESPECTING THEATRES.

embellished his house at Rome with
the materials : the remainder, con-
sequently the smallest portion, was
conveyed to his villa at Tusculum.
This villa being consumed by fire,
the loss was estimated at one hun-
dred million sesterces (.€800,000).
Now consider how much the whole
theatre must have cost !

Scaurus, indeed, found very few
imitators: and who could have sur-
passed him ? If many occasionally
equalled him in folly, they were,
however, deficient in ability. Sen-
sible of this, Curio resorted, in the
year 701, to a different expedient,
to distinguish himself. Mis build-
ing, of which you must not expect
any explicit description from me,
properly consisted of two theatres
of wood : two movable stages were
erected opposite to each other, and
could be turned round in such a
manner as to unite and form an
amphitheatre, so that the dramatic
exhibitions could be succeeded by
combats of gladiators and wild
beasts. The Romans were trans-
ported with this new idea, though
it is said to have been attended with
some danger; for when the build-
ings turned, 60,000 spectators were
wheeled round along with them. I
must acknowledge that I have no
conception of the mechanism by
which this was effected, and will
not require your implicit belief of
my account; for which, however,
I have the authority of Pliny. That
writer makes, in rather a declama-
tory style, some very severe obser-
vations on the conduct of the sage
magistrates of Rome, and a whole
people, the rulers of the universe ;
who, while cities were swallowed
up, placed themselves, as it were,
in two ships, and confiding in a

single roller, quietly beheld these
exhibitions.

Pliny likewise inveighs against
the excessive profusion, of Scaurus,
which he reckons among the prin-
cipal sources of the corruption of
Roman manners, and doubts whe-
ther Sylla's proscriptions did more
mischief to the state. "Three
hundred and sixty columns," he
exclaims, " in a city where it was
imputed as a crime to one of the
most considerable citizens, that he
had erected in his house six co-
lumns from Mount Hymettus !" To
Pliny's account, an historian adds,
that a certain Roman, whose duty
it was to keep in repair the cele-
brated sewers of Rome, denominated .
cloacce, required Scaurus to engage
to make good any damage which
the passage of his ponderous co-
lumns along the streets might do
the arches beneath. But these
vaults, which had stood ever since
the time of Tarquin the elder, con-
sequently almost seven centuries,
are still, after the lapse of some
thousands of years, beheld with as-
tonishment by travellers, as one of
the wonders of Rome in the highest
state of preservation.

As I have been guilty of the
rudeness of quoting the musty
writings of the ancients in a letter
to an amiable lady, I cannot refrain
from noficing another remarkable
passage in Plutarch, which renders,
the marvellous history of Curio's
theatre somewhat dubious. Pliny,
indeed, had not seen it himself; he
wrote from hearsay about ISO years
afterwards: it might therefore be
possible, that, during this period,
Curio's singular machine had turn-
ed round in the heads of the Romans
till it was transformed into a mar*

CURIOUS PARTICULARS RESPECTING THEATRES.

315

yellous affair. This conjecture Plu-
tarch supports in the following ac-
count :

A certain Favonius was aedile at
the same time with Curio, and was
therefore, by virtue of his office,
obliged to entertain the Roman
people with spectacles. lie had a
powerful friend, the venerable Cato,
who promised to support him, and
even condescended to regulate the
cxpences. And what did lie decree ?
Instead of crowns of gold, which
the actors and musicians were else-
where accustomed to receive, he
merely distributed olive-branches,
as at the Olympic games ; and in-
stead of the costly presents which
other ffidiles usually distributed
among the spectators, he gave to
the Greeks nothing but sallad,
turnips, and cellery ; and to the
Romans, wine, pork, figs, cucum-
bers, and two cords of wood. He,
however, appeared in person in the
theatre; and by his presence and
his approbation, so completely
made amends for the want of splen-
dour, that most of the spectators
quitted Curio's magnificent theatre,
and hastened to that of Favonius.

It is very true that the Romans
entertained an extraordinary respect
"for Cato ; but still it appears almost
incredible, that they should have
run away from a theatre where they
liad to expect valuable presents, to
feed upon figs and cucumbers at
another. I should, therefore, fa-
ther presume, that Pliny's account
is exaggerated.

But to return to your theatre of
San Carlos, which you extol so
highly. It is not improbable that
Pompey's might have disputed the
palm with it. That hero borrowed
the plan of his theatre from that of

Mitylene. It held only 40,000 per-
sons, but it was also richly orna-
mented with marble columns, bronze
statues, and pictures from Corinth,
Athens, and Syracuse ; and he pro-
vided it with two other peculiar
and quite novel advantages. The
first, a kind of aqueduct, which
conveyed water about the whole
building, to refresh the thirsty and
cool the place. Secondly, he made
seats for the spectators, who, before
his time, had always been obliged,
to stand ; a new indulgence to which
he accustomed the Romans, and for
which he was censured by some of
the severer ancients, and Tacitus
among the rest. He was also de-
sirous, if possible, of perpetuating
his work. Till then, it had been
customary to erect theatres for dra-
matic exhibitions, like the booths
at our fairs, for a short time only.
Pompey, on the contrary, con-
structed his edifice of hewn stones,
with such solidity, as to dcty the
hand of time ; and that neither the
capricious people nor their magi-
strates might ever take it into their
heads to demolish it, he erected, in
the center, a magnificent temple to
Venus; and consequently placed it
under the protection of that god-
dess, as the theatre at Naples is un-
der the protection of St. Carlos.

If, by way of conclusion, I in-
troduce a few particulars respecting
the theatre of Marcellus, it is not
with a view to swell the list of the
rivals of St. Carlos, but because I
know not how to finish a letter to an
excellent wife and an affectionate
mot her, better than by reminding her
of one of the most virtuous females
and affectionate mothers of Rome — i
of Octavia, who lost her darling,
her Marcellus. in the 20th year of

316

REMARKS ON THE SILVER COIN FOUND IN IRELAND.

his age. In honour of this youth,
Augustus built a theatre, "which is
still standing, and is even st ill used.
But a still more splendid monument
was reared to his memory and his
virtues, by Virgil, in that pathetic
and justly admired passage in the
sixth book of the iEneid, which
drew innumerable tears from Octa-
via and Augustus. At the words,
Tu Marcel/us eris, the deeply af-
flicted mother fainted away. She
was inconsolable. Virgil received
from her a talent for every verse of
his eulogy — more than is noAv-a-
days paid in general for a Avhole
volume of eulogies, for a talent was

equal to about <£60. But thes#
verses always revived her sorrows
with such violence, that at length
she would not hear them again.
She buried herself in solitude, and
resigned herself to a melancholy,
which almost bordered on distrac-
tion ; for to be a mother was suf-
ficient to excite her indignation.
No picture of her son durst be
brought into her sight, neither did
any one venture to speak of him
in her presence. Seneca has ini-
mitably pourtrayed the virtues of
the youth, and the anguish of the
parent.

»j ihjll I III!

REMARKS ON THE SILVER COIN DESCRIBED IN THE
LAST NUMBER OF THE REPOSITORY.

TO THE EDITOR.

Sir,

Permit me to offer a few re-
marks on the coin, and its elucida-
tion, published in your Repository
of last month. 1 read the inscrip-
tion thus : Hemic* Dei Gra. Dux
Anglice. The reverse, Posui Deum,
adjutorem mcum. Civitas Dubli-
nioz. In ascribing it to Henry 11.
who died 1189, your correspondent
is surely mistaken ; nor yet can it
be assigned to Hen. III. who died
1271, as the motto Posui Deum,
adjutorem meum, was, I believe,
first adopted by Edward III. and
continued by his successors : be-
sides, the coins of Henry III.
have always the Roman III. an-
nexed to his name. It cannot, there-
fore, be of a later date than the reign
of Hen. IV. You rightly observe,
that no such date as 1181 is legible

round the head : no antiquarian
would ever have formed such a
supposition. Dates were not added
to English coins till long after that
period. As the kings' sons were
sometimes allowed the privilege of
coining, dux may be translated
duke: in this case the coin could
not be of a date prior to 1337, when
Edward III. created his eldest son
Edward duke of Cornwall, who was
the first of that title in England. A
groat of Hen. IV. found some time
ago in this town, resembles your
correspondent's in figure and in-
scription ; but it differs in having
rex instead of dux, and the place of
coinage on the reverse is Villa Ca-
lis ie.

I am your's, &c.

J. S.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Oct. 14, I809.

317

ANSWER TO THE ARITHMETICAL QUESTION PROPOSED

IN No. X. p. 241.
TO THE EDITOR.

that is to say, 2 is equal to 2 less

Sir,

Lv your tenth number, the fol-
lowing mathematical question is
proposed :

" A gentleman has a library worth
*£20, which, at the end of a year,
he disposes of for half its value in
new books, and purchases £20
worth in addition ; and continuing
so to do every year, wishes to know
when the library will be worth
.£40."

Answer— NEVER.

ALGEBRAICAL DEMONSTRATION.

Val.oflibrary ^2()+2o

end oflst year 3

Do. of 2d do. 204- -+ 94

Do. of 3d do. 204

20 ,20 | 20

Do. of >?tJldo

20 "0 "0

..+

2
20

2»
1

. 5

&c.

or 20(l-K+-2+-,&c...+-)

To find the sum of the above
geometrical series (within paren-
thesis*), let such sum, or
*=l+i+L+L,&c....+i

2s— s=s (2— ])=j=2— - -

Having found the sum of this
fractional series, say,

40-20 (2_^t) or (dividing by 20

on both sides)

2=2—-.

oft

* Every mathematician, at first sight,
knows this sum to be assumed equal to 2 ;
but the sequel will shew why I decline
making use of that assumption in this

sta^e ol the demonstration.

No. XL Vol. II.

the fraction - . But as 2 is of itself
equal to 2, it follows,

1) That the fraction - must be of

infinite small value.

2) That, consequently, 2n must be
infinitely great.

3) That n (the indix of 2n and the
number of years) must likewise
be infinitely great.

Q. E. D.

Without the assistance of alge-
bra, an arithmetical trial for a few-
years will make it evident, that, un-
der the conditions of the example,
the value of the library will never
reach £i0. (Instead of shillings
and pence, I shall make use of vul-
gar fractions of pounds.)
Value of library end of 1st

year ^"O

Do. of 2d 35

Do. of 3d 37*

Do. of 4th SS|

Do. of 5th 39$

Do. of 6th 39fi

Do. of 7th ...... 39f§

Do. of 8th 3m

Here it. is already obvious, that
any succeeding year will be <£S9
and a proper fraction, always more
nearly approaching to, but never
arriving at, unity ; and as the half
of 39-f- a proper fraction, will never
be 20, the addition of another 20
will never make it 40.

It may likewise be abstracted
from the above, that, from the 5th
year onwards, the value of the li-
brary at any given year (n) will be

318

ON THE WASTE OF AGRICULTURAL TltODUCE.

that is, ^€39 and a fraction of a
pound) the denominator of which is
a poicer of 2, whose index is the
number of years less 2, and the

numerator 5 less than the denomU
hator.

G. L. E.

Lambeth, 2d Oct. I8O9.

ON THE WASTE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE.

LETTER VII.

TO THE

Sir,

There is much waste of corn
in the barns from damp floors and
vermin. The tirst may be obviated
by making a false floor, which would
also tend more to check the breed
of the latter, than any thing I know.

As few floors where the mows are
deposited, are boarded, but prin-
cipally made of nibbling earth, and
very often lower than the bottom of
the adjoining yards ; this generates
a damp air, which can scarcely
ever be removed, and which, in a
few days, will make the sweetest
corn musty or mouldy. All that
part of the mow which comes in im-
mediate contact with this damp air
will lie materially injured, and the
difficulty of removing jt when the
bay is emptjr, arises from the want
of a free circulation under the floor.
The accustomed mode of making
bay floors is not compatible with
the idea of preservation, as the
damp air is perceptible only by its
effects, the cause of which is over-
looked, under the idea of economy
and dispatch.

If the bays, where corn is depo-
sited previous to threshing, were
provided with false or elevated floors,
they would preserve as much corn
as would p:iy the cxpence of their
erection, in the short space of one
year, upon a moderale-sized farm,
and be the means of saving to tin
country some hundred thousand

EDITOR.
quarters annually. If the barns
were constructed with a boarded
floor, raised about nine inches from
the ground, with holes in the wall
to permit a free circulation of air be-
tween the ground and the floor, and
sufficiently large to admit the in-
gress and egress of cats, this would
not only keep the corn sweet and
dry, to any reasonable length of
time, by the admission of dry air,
but the space would greatly assist
in cutting off the retreat of the
rats, when they retire from the corn
mow in search of water; and these
vermin, which are so troublesome
and injurious to a farm-yard, would
be nearly annihilated.

The earth floors of barns, and the
foundation of stone walls, are the
finest nursery for vermin that the
head of man could devise ; for, as
the corn is removed, they escape
into their burrows as a place of se-
curity; the breaking up of which,
in many barns, would be fatal to
the building, or the floors would re-
quire to be new laid. These objects
being the first consideration in the
mind of (he farmer, the vermin are
left to increase theirnumber, by such
time as the barn is replenished. The
waste they occasion, by the corn
and seeds they destroy, is incalcu-
lable, besides the injury they do to
the buildings. It is worthy the
most serious attention of the public
to use every means to prevent their

BRITISH SPORTS.

increase and depredations, by break-
ing up their retreats, and giving1
grimalkin, their mortal enemy, an
opportunity to surround them, which
can be most effectually done at a tri-
fling expence, by laying boards at
the bottom of the mows, about nine
inches from the ground, as I have
before observed. This may be clone
without beams or rafters, if the barns
are ever so large.

Everjr farmer who would have the
spirit to adopt this most certain

mode of preservation, would find
himself most amply rewarded; and
if (his method were universally pur-
sued, I am fully persuaded it would
save a million in corn every year.

At some future time I may pro-
bably transmit to you a plan of a
bay floor, constructed on the most
economical principle.
I am, sir,

Your's and the public's friend,

An Economist.

THE WILD DUCK.

The wild duck, or mallard, ap-
proaches, as nearly as possible, in
figure, to the tame species, except
that habits of domestication have i
deprived the latter of the sprightly
look and shape, by which the for-
mer is distinguished, and have sub-
stituted a more dull and less ele-
gant form and appearance in their
stead. Another circumstance, de-
serving of remark, is, that, in the
wild state, ducks pair and are mo-
nogamous, but become polygamous
when tame.

The general colour of the wild
duck is cinereous : the bill is straight,
of a greenish yellow, the head and
neck of a glossy green, the collar
white, the scapulars of the same
colour, with waved brown lines,
the back brown, the vent black
green, the breast chesnut, the
belly grey, the wing -spot violet
green, edged above with a black
and white line, the two middle tail
feathers dark green, and recurved
in the male. The female is of a red-
dish brown, spotted with black. The
most obvious distinction between
the wild duck and tame, consists in
the colour of the feet, those of the

Plate 23.— BRITISH SPORTS.

former being yellow, and of the lat-
ter, black. The length of this bird
is about twenty-three inches, and it
usually weighs about two pounds
and a half.

The wild duck inhabits Europe,
Asia, and America ; like many of
the tribe, it quits the north at the

end of autumn, in vast numbers,
which migrate southward, and, as
it is believed, perform their pas-
sage across the ocean alternately in
the water and in the air. On their
arrival in this country, they are
seen flying in flocks, and appa-
rently taking a survey of the lakes
and marshy wastes, where they in-
tend to fix their abode for the win-
ter. They pair in the spring, when
the greater number of them again
retire northward to breed, but many
straggling pairs remain with us:
these, as well as preceding colo-
nists, stay to rear their young, which
become natives, and continue with
us throughout the year. They most
commonly build their nests close to
the water, but sometimes at a con-
siderable distance from it; in which
case, the female will take her young
to the water in her beak, or between
her legs. Sometimes also they have
l'u2

S20

BRITISH SPORTS.

been known to lay their eggs in a
high tree, in the deserted nest of a
crow or magpie ; and an instance is
recorded of one found at Etching,
ham, in Sussex,

siiting

on nine

eggs in an oak, at the height ofj
twenty-five feet from the ground,
the eggs being supported by small
twigs laid cross- wise.

The shooting of wild ducks af-
fords, during the season, abundant
diversion to the sportsman, who is
accompanied by the water-dog, a
species differing considerably from
the spaniel, whose perseverance in
surmounting obstacles to reach and
recover ihe birds when shot, are
truly astonishing. From the timi-
dity natural to wild water-fowl, this
sport requires more silence and pre-
caution than any other.

In some parts of England, where
wild ducks abound, the taking of
these birds is a business by which
many people obtain a subsistence.
Among the various methods tried
for this purpose, none has succeed-
ed so well as the decoy. This is
generally made where there is a
large pond, nearly surrounded with
wood, and beyond that a marshy
and uncultivated country. If the
piece of water is not thus surround-
ed, noises and other accidents are
liable to frighten the wild fowl from
a quiet haunt, where they mean to
sleep during the day-time in secu-
rity. On the north and on the
south there ought to be three or
four ditches or pipes, broad towards
the pool, and growing gradually
narrower, till they terminate in a
point. These ditches are covered
with nets, supported by curved
sticks, fastened on each side, and
ending in a tunnel-net : the whole
apparatus must be carefully con-

cealed by a hedge of rushes or rebels
running along the margin of the
pool, behind which the fowler ma-
nages his operations, which would
be totally frustrated if the ducks
should discover him ; he is even
obliged to keep on the leeward side
of them, lest the effluvia from his
body should betray his proximity.
He is provided with a number of
wild ducks, rendered tame, and
trained to the business : these are
always fed atthe mouth ofthe pipe,
and accustomed to come at a whis-
tle; they are called decoy ducks.
As soon as the evening sets in, the
wild fowl begin to feed, and the
fowler, when he finds a fit opportu-
nity, and sees the decoy covered
with ducks, throws hemp-seed, or
any other seed that will float upon
the water, and whistling to the de-
coy ducks, easily allures them to
their accitstomed repast, at the
mouth of the pipe. The wild ducks
readily follow, and push forward
till they discover that the dimen-
sions of the pipe continually de-
crease, and then begin, too late, to
suspect some concealed danger.
Their retreat being then prevented
by a person who places himself at
the entrance, (hey are .obliged to
proceed to the end of the funnel,
where they are easily secured. It
sometimes happens, that the wild
ducks are too drowsy and sluggish
to pay attention to the enticements
of the decoy ducks ; in which case
a little dog, trained for the pur-
pose, is made use of, to drive them
into the snares : but this method is
not so certain, or so effectual as the
former. The season for catching
wild ducks in decoy, is from the
latter end of October to February ;
the taking of them earlier is prohi-

BRITISH SPORTS.

'21

bifed by net of parliament, which
forbids it from June 1st to October
1st, under tlic penalty of five shil-
lings for each bird.

In Lincolnshire, which contains
a greater abundance of wild ducks
than any other county of England,
decoys are let at a considerable
yearly rent, and by the-e the Lon-
don markets are principally sup-
plied with this delicate fowl. Up-
wards of 30,000 ducks, widgeon9
and teal, have been sent up, in one
season, from only ten decoys, in
the neighbourhood of Wainfleet.

It was formerly customary in the
fens to have an annual driving, as it
was termed, of the young ducks,
before they took wing. A great
number of people having assembled,
beat a vast tract, and forced the
birds into a net fixed at the spot
where the sport was to terminate.
One hundred and fifty dozen have,
in this manner, been taken at once ;
but the practice being judged de-
trimental, was suppressed by the
legislature.

The Chinese practise a method of
taking wild ducks fall more inge-
nious than that which has just, been
described. As soon as fhe fowler
sees a number of ducks settled on a
piece of shallow water, lie sends
among, them a number of gourds,
which resemble our pumpkins. —
These having the inside scooped out,
easily swim, and sometimes twenty
or thirty are seen floating on one
pool. The ducks are at first fearful
of approaching them ; but (heir ti-
midity by degrees wears off, they
become familiarized to the sight,
gather about them, and rub their
bills against them in sportive play-
fulness. When the fowler perceives
theui perfectly fearless of the gourds,

he hollows out one large enough to
cover his head, makes holes in it
to see and breathe through, and then
puts it on like a cap. Accoutred in
tli is manner, he wades slowly into
the water, stooping or creeping
where it is shallow, and always tak-
ing care that nothing but his head
shall appear above water. He thus
moves unperccived into the midst of
the unsuspecting birds, which, hav-
ing been already accustomed to the
sight of the gourds, apprehend no
danger. He commences his opera-
tions by seizing a duck by the legs,
and instantly drawing it under the
water before it has time to cry out
or alarm the rest. Fastening it to
his girdle, he approaches another,
which he serves in the same manner,
and thus proceeds till he has obtain-
ed a sufficient load, when he slowly
moves off again. This stratagem
the Chinese fowlers practise with
such dexterity by keeping their bo-
dies constantly concealed in the
water, -that they never alarm the
flock, and the ducks, ignorant of
what is passing, neither suspect the
unseen danger, nor notice fhe in-
stantaneous disappearance of their
companions.

It may not be uninteresting to
remark another practice of the Chi-
nese, in respect to this species of
bird. Most of the ducks reared in
China are hatched by artificial heat.
The eggs being laid on boxes' of
sand, are placed on a brick hearth,
to which a proper degree of heat is
communicated during the time re-
quiste for hatching. The ducklings
are fed with cray-fish and crabs,
boiled and cut small, and afterwards
mixed with boiled rice. In about
a fortnight they are able to shift for
themselves. The proprietor then

322

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

provides them with an old step-mo-
ther, who leads them to situations
where they find food ; being first
put on board of a boat, which is des-
tined for their habitation, and from
which the whole flock, amounting
to three or four hundred, go out. to
feed and return at command. This
method is commonly practised dur-
ing the nine warmest months of
ihe year, and especially during the
rice harvest, when the masters of the
duck-boats row up and down, ac-
cording to the opportunity of pro-
curing food, which is found in

abundance at ebb-tide, as the rice
plantations are overflowed at high
water. It is curious to observe how
these birds obey their masters ; for
some thousands belonging to differ-
ent boats will feed at large on the
same spot, and, on a given signal,
will follow their leader to their re-
spective boats without a single stran-
ger being found among f hem. This
practice appears also to be common
in other parts of the East; for we
are informed, that no less than forty
thousand such boats are supposed
to ply on the river Tigris alone.

mvsTTT-iirra

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &c.

Mr. Bowyer, of Pall- Mall, will,
in a few days, publish a splendid
work on the abolition of the slave-
trade, consisting of original poems
written hy Montgomery, Grahame,
and others, expressly for the occa-
sion, and embellished with engrav-
ings from pictures by Smirke, and
with the portraits of Mr. Wilber-
force, Mr. Clarkson, and Mr. Gran-
ville Sharpe.

A geometrical, historical, and
political Chart of the Reign of
George III. is announced by Mr.
"William Ticken.

A gentleman of Bristol is printing
a Selection of Poems, from the Hcs-
perides of Robert Herrick ; in one
volume, with an engraving of the
author. ,

A Selection from the works of
George Wither is also printing at
Bristol. It will consist of pieces
from his Juvenilia ; his first and
second Remembrances; the Hymns
and Songs of the Church ; and a
manuscript copy of his Version of
the Psalms, which it is believed
were never printed, though he had

a patent granted for them by King
James.

The complete works of Gawin
Douglas, bishop of Dunkeld, now
for the first time collected, with his-
torical and critical dissertations on
ln's life and writings, notes, and a
glossary, by Lord Glenbervie, will
soon appear in four octavo volumes.

The genealogy of the Earls of Su-
therland, from the origin of that
house to the year 1630, with the
history of the northern parts of
Scotland during that period, by Sir
Robert Gordon, and continued to
1651, by Gilbert Gordon, is in the
press. The whole has been care-
fully transcribed, by permission of
the Marchioness of Stafford, from
the original manuscript preserved
at Dunrobin Castle, and will form
a handsome folio volume.

Mr. James Johnson, of Lancas-
ter, is preparing for publication, in
a quarto volume, the History and
Antiquities of the Hundred of
Lonsdale South, including the sta-
tions of Lancaster and Overboro'.

The second volume of Manning's

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

J2S

.History of Surrey will be publish-
ed in a few days.

Mr. Robert Clutterbuck is en-
gaged in collecting and arranging
materials tor a History of Hert-
fordshire, taking Chauncey for bis
guide.

The Rev. H. Baber, of the Bri-
tish Museum, will soon publish, in
a quarto volume, an edition of
Wieklifes Version of the New
Testament, with the life of that ce-
lebrated reformer ; and an Essay
on the Anglo-Saxon and English
Translations of the Scriptures, pre-
vious to the fifteenth Century.

The Rev." W.Ward, of Diss, has
in the press, the first volume of the
Fulfilment of the Revelations, or
Prophetic History of the Declen-
sion and Restoration of the Christ-
ian Church.

The Rev. James Parsons has un-
dertaken to publish the remaining
Collections of the Septuagint, pre-
pared by the late Dr. Holmes.

Mr. Macfarlane has in the press, I
a Report of the Agriculture of\
Siberia, in one octavo volume, with j
plates.

Mr. Marshall will shortly pub- ,
lish a Review of the Reports to \
the Board of Agriculture, from the
western department of England.

A new Gardeners Calendar, or I
Monthly Directory of Operations I
in every Branch of Horticulture,
by Mr. Walter Nicol, will speedily I
make its appearance in an octavo
volume.

Onesimus is preparing for publi-
cation, the second volume of the
Pulpit, or a Biographical and Li-
terary Account of Popular Preach-
ers ; interspersed with occasional
clerical criticism. The same writer
Las also announced a new month-
ly publication, to be entitled the

Watchman, or Theological In-
spector ; to commence on the 1st of
November.

Mr. Cromek (the proprietor of
the cabinet picture representing
The Canterbury Pilgrimage), will
shortly publish a whole-length his-
torical portrait of Mr. Walter Scott,
from the admired picture painted
by Raeburn, for Mr. Constable, of
Edinburgh, which appeared at the
last exhibition of Scottish paintings.
The print will be 20 inches by 14.

Mr. G. Landi has issued propo-
sals for publishing, by subscrip-
tion, a Set of Prints, of designs
of architecture for houses and build-
ings of every description, interior
decorations for apartments, and
likewise every thing relating to fur-
niture, in the Chinese, Egyptian,
Etruscan, Attic, Roman, Gothic,
and other styles. The work is to
be published in monthly parts, each
containing six prints, 12 inches by
9 ; to begin on the 1st of January
next.

Mr. R. Hatt proposes to publish,
by subscription, in one volume,
small octavo, Poems by a poor
Boy, on various interesting sub-
jects ; together with sonnets, odes,
epigrams, &c.

In the course of this month will
be published, a Catalogue raisonnee
of the City Circulating Library,
King-street, Cheapside, with an in-
dex, upon a plan entirely new.

In a former number of the Re-
pository, we noticed the formation
of the Cattle Life Insurance Com-
pany. The proposals of insurance
being published, the proprietors of
cattle will doubtless avail them-
selves of the advantages to be de-
rived from an institution which has
our best wishes for its success.

Mr. B. Cook, of Birmingham,

32i

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

con fdering iha superior advantages
which would result from the disco-
very of some method of providing
Security against fires within doors,
conceives that this desirable end
might in a great measure be an-
swered by the introduction of iron
staircases. Common ones, he thinks,
might be afforded as cheap as of
any kind of wood ; or, where orna-
ment is required, they might be
made quite as elegant and hand-
some as those of the most costly ma-
terials. He also suggests the form-
ing of the beams and rafters, which
might be cast hollow, of the same
metal; by which means, fire could
not be easily communicated from
one room to another.

Dr. Stewart has discovered a re-
medy which experience has proved
to be a substitute for the Peruvian
bark, in the cases in which that me-
dicine has hitherto been admini-
stered. He deems it also efficacious
in scorbutic cases ; so that those
prevalent disorders, the ague, with
its concomitants, and the scurvy,
with its malignant affections, may
now, it is hoped, be counteracted
by a remedy, the basis of which is
abundant in our own country, and
which may be administered at one-
fourth part of the cosf of the bark,
not including that of the wine, with
which that medicine should be com-
bined ; an expence that has pre-
vented many of the middling classes
from receiving benefit from it, and
lias almost totally debarred the lower
from its use. The importance of
this discovery must be obvious, when
it is considered that the amount of
the bark annually imported is about
.€S00,000, of which, to the value
of ^400,000, is purchased by go-
vernment for the use of the army and

navy ; the remainder being con*
sifmed in the nation, or exported
to the Continent.

The Grand Jubilee Medallion,
struck in honour of the fiftieth an*
mversdrif of his Majesty '$ accession
to the throne, which is just publish-
ed by Mr. BissH, displays the same
excellence by which the preceding
works of this ingenious and public-
spirited artist arc distinguished.
We have no doubt that the resem-
blance of the portrait, the remarka-
ble event which it is designed to
commemorate, and the elegance,
taste, and merit of the general ex-
ecution, will obtain an extensive
patronage for this performance. —
On the obverse is a bust of his ma-
jesty, with the following legend :
King George III. ascended the
British Throne Oct. 25th, 1760.
National Jubilee Oct. 25, 1809. —
On the reverse, the guardian genius
of Britain, represented as Fame,
seated in the clouds, and triumph-
ing over mortality, displays, with
exulting gratitude, a centenary cir-
cle, one half of which expresses the
duration of her monarch's reign,
from his accession to the present
period, in the words — 1760. King
George III. reigns, 1809 ; whilst
the favouring rays of heaven il-
lumine her happy countenance, and
shed a glory on the throne, her
pride and care. At her feet is the
inscription, Long live the King!

The ladies' medal, prepared by
Mr. Bisset for the same occasion,
is entitled to equal commendation.
It exhibits, on the obverse, the por-
traits of the king And queen, with the
inscription, Gcorgius 111. et Char-
lotte, Rex et Regina, mdcccix. —
On the reverse is the following:
Grand National Jubilee^ celebrated

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

325

Oct. 25, A. D. 1809, in Comme-
moration of the Accession of his
Majesty King George the Third
to the Throne of the Imperial
Realms of Great Britain and Ire-
land, Oct. 25, 1760.

M. Abramson, of Berlin, has ex-
ecuted a medal, allusive both to
the return of their Prussian majes-
ties from St. Petersburg, and also
to their expected arrival in their
own capital. The idea was furnish-
ed by the privy-counsellor, Wolf.
It has received the approbation of
the royal pair, on account of the
admirable execution and the resem-
blance of the portraits. On one side,
the heads of the king and qiteen are
-represented in the same manner as
those upon ancient coins ; on the
reverse, is seen the altar of the
country, upon which a sacrifice is
Offered to Fort una redux, who holds
the helm in her right hand, and a
cornucopia in her left. The design
of this medal is explained by the
inscriptions, which are as follow :
Fortunte reduci desideratissimorum
Frederici Gulielmi III. et Lovisce.
On the exergue, are the words,
Vota soluta clolocccviin.

The Jablonowski society at Leip-
zig has proposed the following prize
questions for the year 1810 : — In
history — the Origin of cities, and
civil economy in Poland* In ma-
thematics— to analyze the various
theories on which, according to
Leibnitz, Newton, d'Alembert, la
Grange, l'Huilier, and others, the
infinitesimal calculus depends, and
to determine which of them deserves
the preference. In natural philo-
sophy—a comparative consideration
of the grounds for and against the
admission of peculiar substances in
light, heat, electricity, and mag-
netism.

Are, XL Vol IT

Dr. Michael Friedlander, of Pa-
ris, has presented to the Gymna-
sium of Berlin, a cabinet of mine-
rals, containing upwards of 200
specimens.

Several German artists have of
late turned their attention to the
art of painting on glass. Professor
Frick, of Berlin, has made great
improvements in the burning of pic-
tures in glass, and has recently
finished a beautiful, painted window
for the Catholic church in that city.
M. Biihler, of Urach, in Wirtem-
berg, also burns colours in glass so
exquisitely, that his works are not
to be distinguished from the best of
the ancients*

The Prince of Colloredo Mans*
field has caused the collection of
paintings by the most eminent Ita*
lian masters, left him by his father,
to be arranged in his palace at
Prague; and directed that, besides
(he gallery, a convenient apartment
should be prepared for such artists
as wish to copy any of the pictures
or prints.

The new edition of Wincket*
mann's works, commenced by the
late professor Fernow, of Weimar,
will be continued by professor Mey-
er, of the same place. All the
smaller pieces, originally written in
German, together withM. Fernow's
observations and additions, occupy
the two first volumes, which termi-*
nate with the essay on Allegory.
The succeeding volumes will con-
sequently comprehend Winckel-
mann's grand work, the History of
the Arts, and a translation of the
Discorso preliwinare to iheMonw
menti antichi inediii.

M. Geisler, the engraver, of Leip-
zig, is engaged upon a new botani-
cal work by the celebrated Pallas.
It contains descriptions and deli-

KEVIEW Of NEW PUBLICATIONS.

Iteations of 127 beautiful, and for
flie most part, new vegetables of
Russia and Siberia, on one hundred
folio plates, and forms an indispen-
sable supplement, or third volume,
to the Flora Rosska. The draw-
ings were executed, under Pallas's
direction, by M. Geisler, the faith-
ful companion of his travels, and
the descriptions are from the mas-
terly pen of the former.

A literary society, entitled the
Ionic, has been founded at Corfu,
the principal of the so-called Seven
Islands recently ceded by Russia to
France. It has already proposed
a prize of 600 francs for the best
treatise on the statistics of these
islands. The president of the senate
of those islands has also offered a
prize of the like value, for the best
answer to the following question :
Why dothe inhabitants of the Ionian
islands, though not deficient in ta-
lents, occupy themselves only with
frivolous and unimportant objects ?
and by what means may their ge-
nius and attention be drawn to
things of higher consequence ?

M. Chaldni, the inventor of the
Clavi-cylinder, has received, from
the emperor of France, after per-
forming before him on that instru-
ment, a gratuity of 6000 francs.

The Rev. Mr. Beresford, the trans-
lator of several collections of Ger-
man poetry into English, who went,
some years since, from Berlin to
Dorpat, as professor, has lately been
appointed preacher at Moscow.

Dr. Langsdorf, member of the
Russian Imperial Academy of Sci-
ences, is accompanying a caravan
travelling from Orenburg toBucha-
ria, in quality of physician andsur-
geon, and is provided with all the
means of making observations in na-

tural philosophy and history, dur-
ing the journey.

On the visit of the Russian and
French emperors at Erfurt, Messrs.
von Gothe and Wieland, with
whom both monarchs had several
conversations, were honoured with
the Russian order of St. Anne, and
the cross of the Legion of Honour.

By a decree published at Milan,
the three academies of arts, at Mi-
lan, Bologna, and Venice, are al-
lowed to send four pupils,* possess-
ing the requisite preliminary attain-
ments and decided talents for the
arts, as pupils to Rome, for im-
provement in painting, sculpture,
and architecture; each of whom is
to receive, for three years, an al-
lowance of 5000 liras.

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS..

Voyages and Travels to India,
Ceylon, the Red Sea, Abyssinia,
and Egypt, in the years 1802,
3, 4, 5, 6r 6. By the Right Hon.
George Viscount Valentia. 3 vols.
royal 4to. ^fl9.
As seldom as the public is favour-
ed with the result of the peregrina-
tions of British noblemen, so rare-
ly do we meet with a work that can
sustain a comparison, in point of
splendour, with these magnificent
volumes. They conta in , as the reader
will perceive from the title, the
fruits of the author's observations
and researches, during a period of
four years, in the British posses-
sions in the East, and in the Red
Sea, which was more particularly
the object of his lordship's expedi-
tion. We regret our inability to
give, within our circumscribed li-
mits, a satisfactory epitome of the
traveller's proceedings ; and still
more, the high price of the work.

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

which we fear will place it beyond
the reach of the greater number of
readers, and thus prevent many
from gratifying their curiosity by
the perusal.

Were we disposed to exercise
the critical office with rigour, we
might alledge that, in many passa-
ges of this book, Lord Valentia has
shewn himself rather too vain of his
rank ; that considering the oppor-
tunities which he possessed, the in-
formation he affords, is, in various
instances, but meager ; that the me-
thod of travelling by night, which
he pursued, was not calculated to
enlarge his stock of observations ;
and that too much space is occu-
pied by trivial and unimportant
details. These slight defects, how-
ever, we cheerfully overlook, when
we consider the particular object
which his lordship had in view in
these travels. This was nothing less
than to open a commercial commu-
nication between Great Britain and
the interior of the African continent,
through the channel of the Red Sea
and the empire of Abyssinia, and to
seek a situation adapted to the forma-
tion of a settlement, to promote that
purpose. The particulars relative to
the latter country and its inhabit-
ants, chiefly collected by Mr. Salt,
who accompanied his lordship in
the capacities of secretary and
draftsman, and the numerous cor-
rections of the inaccuracies and
misrepresentations of Bruce, render
this portion of the work particu-
larly instructive and entertaining.
Though we are informed that the
patriotic plan of the author, to esta-
blish an intercourse with Abyssinia,
has been rejected by the East India
Company as chimerical, yet we
liope that some benefit will ultimate

ly accrue to the country from his
visit ; for his majesty has, it seems,
sent back Mr. Salt with letters and
presents to the Abyssinian monarch.
In the present restricted state of our
commerce with the extensive regions
under the controul of France, it cer-
tainly behoves us to seize every op-
portunity of gaining new allies and
seeking new markets. The argu-
ments adduced by Lord Valentia, in
favour of the policy of conciliating
the people of Abyssinia, are cer-
tainly very plausible, and appear to
be worthy of serious consideration.

Upon the whole, we must confess
that we consider this as one of the
most important works of its kind,
that has been for some time submit-
ted to the public. The interest of
the narrative would, of itself, be a
sufficient recommendation ; were it
not enhanced by the numerous and
elegant engravings from the spirited,
and we have no doubt faithful, de-
signs of Mr. Salt. These, with
the charts, amount to seventy-two,
and contribute to render the per-
formance alike worthy of its noble
author, and of the nation to which
he belongs.

Poems, by Sir John Carr, 8vo.
8s. 6d.

The degree of merit possessed by
Sir John Carr as a traveller and
prose-writer, has long been appre-
ciated by the public ; and we may
venture to assert, that the volume
before us is not calculated to detract
from his general reputation. We are
informed by the author himself, that
many of the pieces which compose
it, "were written in the gay and
happy era of boyhood, and others
in subsequent periods of mature*
life, as a relief from more arduous
pursuits. They lay no pretensions
Xx2

32$

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

to the depfh and solidity of the cf- .
fusions of the muse in her elevated
flights ; they are the few wild notes
of the simple shepherd', and do
not even affect to imitate the rich ca-
dence of the scientific musician."

No reader who bears in mind this
intimation, will be disappointed
with the contents of this volume;
and fastidious indeed must be that
taste, which, amid such variety,
cannot find something to be pleased
with .

But though we have little to ob-
ject to in respect to the author's
matter, the manner in which he has
brought it before the public, ought
not to pass without some animad-
version. At a time when the price
of books has reached an unprece-
dented height, such extravagant
luxury of printing, as is here dis-
played, might have been spared,
and the book, with a very little con-
trivance, have been afforded at half
its present price.

Hints on Agricultural Subjects, and
on the best Means of improving
the Condition of the labouring
Classes. By J. C. Ciirwen, Esq,
M. P. Second edition. J. John-
son, St. Paul's Churchyard, and
B. Crosby.

A greater service to his country
no man could render, than has been
performed by the author of the
work before us. He has treated of
the most important interests of so-
ciety with a judgment and clearness
we seldom have met with. His
munificent plan of making agricul-
tural experiments on a large scale,
the pains he has taken to record
them, and this for the sake of the
public alone, entitle him to the
lasting gratitude of Englishmen.
The observations on " supplying

milk for the poor," that necessary
and most salubrious aliment for
young children, forma considerable
part of'the work ; and incontestibly
prove, that the system recommend-
ed,'ifpursued, would add millions to
our population. With no less suc-
cess does the author notice every
subject connected with the econo-
my of a farm, demonstrating his
principles by rigid calculation.
The clearing of land, the times of
sowing, the properties of manures,
the effect of tythes, with every other
appendage of husbandry, are treat-,
ed in a scientific and masterly man*
ner. Not unused ourselves to the la-
bours of the field, we venture to
pronounce these " Hints" modest-
ly so called, admirable for the phi-
lanthropy which pervades them, as
well as for the consummate know*
ledge they contain ; and therefore
we strongly recommend their peru-
sal to every gentleman engaged in
agricultural pursuits.
Justice and Generosity, against
Malice, Ignorance, and Poverty.
By Attalus. Is.

A warm defence of the new prices
demanded at Covent-Garden Thea-
tre. We are anxiously looking for
a reconciliation between the propri-
etors and their opponents, and there-
fore shall not enter into the subject
of accusations, which only tend to
inflame the mind ; and, for the same
reason, we recommend that all fur-
ther publications of this nature
should be abstained from.
Solomon :' a sacred Drama. Trans-
lated from the German of Klop-
stock, by Robert I/uish. Lon-
don, Hatchard and Sherwood,
Neely and Jones. 1809. 8s.
Mr. Huish deserves the thanks of a
respectable class of the public for be-

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

S29

stowing ltis labours on this sacred
drama. The attempt to translate into
English any of Klopstock'' s works,
is bold ; but having compared a
great part of the present version with
the original, we have no hesitation in
saying, that Mr. Huish has proved
himself fully equal to the task ; nor
do we doubt but tiiat the serious part
of the public will be gratified with
his performance, if their taste be
not vitiated, Many readers of po-
etry look after high-sounding words
and dazzling concetti ; but these
they must not expect, either in the
present or any other of the sacred
dramas of Klopstock, who was too
deeply read in the Greek and La-
tin poets, to suilVr himself to be car-
ried away by a false taste. His
Messiah has, indeed, some bold,
and perhaps over-strained meta-
phors; but, let it be remembered,
that he there copied the Hebrew
writers, whom he daily read in the
original, to his death, more than tiie
profane poets ; and that he therefore
thought himself justified in those
loftier flights of fancy, for which
the East is so remarkable. We
ought to observe, in general, that
to relish any production of Klop-
stock's, especially his Messiah, the
reader must be as ardent a votary of
holy writ, and as completely mas-
ter of its sublime beauties, as the pi-
ous and learned Klopstock was him-
self, His admirers are not, and can-
not be, the many ; but we have ge-
nerally found that those who once
liked any of his works, soon became
enthusiastic lovers of his muse. Mis
poetical merits, however, arc of a
higher cast. The profanum valgus
of his countrymen speak, indeed,
highly of him, but scarcely ever
read or understand his works ; while
the learned, and particularly the

German poets, who are very nu-
merous, adore him, with scarcely
any exception. Of all his writ-
ings, his Odes are most generally
read, admired, and studied; and
we believe no one, with but a com-
petent knowledge of the German
language, will deny that they pos-
sess transcendent merit. Thus much
is certain, that Klopstock's fame,
high as it was, is still increasing
on the Continent ; a fact which is
fully proved by two uncommonly
splendid editions of his works, pub-
lished, within these few years, by
Goschen, at Leipzig. We have
read somewhere, that that man,
whose crimes and abominations are
the scourge of our times, but who
cannot be denied to possess great
strength of mind, highly admires
Klopstock's Death of Abel, which
was frequently read to him while in
Egypt.

To return to Mr. Huish. — We
are sure he will not be refused the
praise at once of a faithful and an ele-
gant translator. But, while we own
to have perused his translation with
pleasure, and while we doubt not to
anticipate, that manyjndicious read-
ers will sympathize with us, we cau-
tion him not to be too sanguine with
respect to the majority of his read-
ers. The sacred writings are still
revered in this happy island by a
considerable proportion of worthy
and polite individuals : it is from
these that he is to look for the meed
of his exertions.

To select from a drama any de-
tached passage, for the purpose of
displaying the translator's manner,
is somewhat difficult ; but the fol-
lowing speech, taken from iheninth
scene of the fifth act, p. 331, may
be separated, without requiring any
comment.

330

MUSICAL REVIEW.

SOLOMON.
"The children's souls, whom I this day have

murder'd,
Yon saw them stand in all their loveliness,
In all the charms of youth and innocence,
They scarcely knew the cause, their mothers

wept :
And, O ye guiltless victims to my vice !
Must ye to death be led, with flow'rs be

strewn ?
And round your brows the sacrificial wreath '
Thou wretched mother of the eldest born,
Thou hast already pass'd the sentence on me,
Which now in heaven will be also pass'd.
And all my friends deceive themselves with

hope;
E'en Nathan hopes. — Chalkol, conceal it not;
Hast thou not the truth conceal'd, to spare

me ?
Speak, I am prepaid, has God not answer' d ?
And was it not a sentence full of dread?
Was it not death ? — and, ah ! my people's

death ?
What means that sound, which fr«m the tem-
ple breaks ?"

From a notice at the end of this
volume, we are happy to find, that
three more of Klopsfock's dramas,
translated by Mr. Huish, will be
published in the course of No-
vember,

MUSICAL REVIEW.

Four Italian Arietta, with an Ac*
companiment for the Piano-
Forte, composed and dedicated
to Miss S. Heynell, by C. Mor-
tellari. Price 5s.
We should, we really fear, risk
the reproach of partiality, were we
to give as full a scope to our admi-
ration of these arietts as their me-
rits, in our opinion, entitle them to.
Suffice it to say, that among the
numerous vocal effusions, which of
lale have passed in review before
us, we have met with very few
which, in point of melody, harmo-
ny, feeling, science, and origina-
lity of ideas, can aspire to an equal
rank with these four songs. The
composition is rather of a seri-

ous cast; nn exquisite sensibility
displays itself in every thought ;
Mr. M. seems to have felt what he
wrote, and we, it is hoped, feel
what he meant. Every idea, more-
over, is his exclusive property ; in-
deed, with such genius and skill as
are conspicuous in every part of
this little performance, it would be
unpardonable to have borrowed
from others, what the author could
more easily and better supply from
his own store. To justify so un-
qualified an encomium, as in this
instance we deemed ourselves bound
to pronounce, we have no other
means than to refer our readers to
the work itself ; for to select beau-
ties, when all the parts are alike
beautiful, is as difficult in music
as in painting and sculpture. It
would be no easy task to say what
part of the Belvidere Apollo is su-
perior to the others. Nor do we
wish to give an opinion of prefer-
ence in regard to the individual
merits of these airs ; they approach
each other so nearly in excellence,
that any predilection under such
circumstances, seems rather a mat-
ter of taste or fancy than of judg-
ment. We hope soon to see more
important works from so able a pen.
il The Farewell" sung by Mr,
Bartleman at the vocal andother
concerts, with universal applause.
Composed by Robert Cooke. Pr.
Is. 6d.

A smooth little song, of pleasing
and correct harmony ; but unadorn-
ed by any novelty of ideas, or bursts
of profound science. One fault we
have to find ; it is the accentuation
of the words cottage, pleasure,
echo'd, &c. ; where the first sylla-
bles are dispatched by a semiquaver,
and the second receive a lengthen*

MUSICAL REVIEW*

J31

ed note of the value of three semi-
quavers : this not only sounds harsh-
ly, but even the common pronun-
ciation of those words surely does
not rest three times as long on the
second syllable as it does on the
first; it is a fashion of the old
school, which we have before now
made an attempt to explode.
Quartett from the Epieedium on
Mozart, as performed with great
applause at Mr. Yaniewiez's com
cert; the translation (from the,
German), and the music adapted
by S. Webbe, jun. Price Is. 6d.
Whoever be the author of this
glee (for if we understand the title
lightly, Mr. Webbe only claims
the merit of its adaptation), it is
worthy of the great composer in
"whose honour and commemoration
it was performed. The melody is
simple, but solemn, and the chords
are full and harmonious ; although,
on so great an occasion, a larger
portion of chromatic science would,
we conceive, have been in its place,
and produced a heightened effect.
One chord, however, (p. 1, bar 3,
last note, at the word " o/,") we
could wish to have been avoided :
we allude to the A in the tenor, \
which, with the G in the alto, C in \
the treble, and E in the bass, pro- '
duces a dissonance repugnant to the '
ear. Had the said A in the tenor
been a mere passing note, we should
not have objected to it; but, as it !
appertains to a distinct word in the I
ttxt, and is supported by every j
voice throughout the whole score, j
we think it produces a harsh effect,
which, by a different harmoniza-
tion, might easily have been steered
clear of.

A Duet for two Performers on the
Piano-Forte, in which is intro-

duced the admired air, "Oh
dolce Concento" with variations.
Composed by T. Latour, pianists
to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.
Price 3s.

Mr. L. appears to be peculiarly
partial to Mozart's air, " Oh dolce
Conccnto" (" Away with melan-
choly") this being the second set
of variations on that theme, present-
ed by him to the musical world.
(See Musical Review inNo. IX.) —
The character of the present pub-
lication is that of light and easy
music. After an introductory an-
dantino of a few lines, the varia-
tions commence, which are well
calculated to amuse incipient per-
formers. The third variation in G
minor is elegant; and the sixth,
changing the subject into a march,
possesses a spirited neatness.

Two Sonatas for the Piano-Forie9
composed, and respectfully dedi-
cated to Mrs. Beaumont, by T.
Haigh. Pp.41. Price 6s.
Both these sonatas are pleasing
and respectable : their style is easy
and tasteful ; but the andante of the
first in A minor, is too much in the
manner of the old school. We like
better the subject of the rondo.
The second sonata begins with a
lento cautabile, the latter part of
the first bar of which, if free from
typographical error, contains a
discord . of doubtful correctness;
otherwise, the movement is very
creditable to the author's talents. In
the vivace which follows, too much
uniformity prevails, partly perhaps
arising from the incessant use of
triplets throughout the movement.
Its conclusion, however (p. 15. //.
5, 0, and 7,) is well wound up, and
the introduction of the left hand in

\r><2

FASHIONS FOR LADIES.

iTie treble lias a good effect : of this
Mr. H. seems to have been so fully
convinced, that in the succeeding
pastorale he has not scrupled tore-
peat the conclusion of the vivace.
To rob one's self, however, is no
crime in music ; the pastorale, in
every other respect, is commend-
able.

A Selection of Sacred Music from
the works of the most eminent
composers of Germany and Ita-
ly; the vocal parts in score, the
instrumental adapted to the pia-
no-forte. By C.J. Latiobe. No.
24. Price 3s. 6d.
We purposely avail ourselves of
the recent publication of the 24th
number of this valuable and classic
work, to bring it before such of our
readers as may not have had an
opportunity to become acquainted
■with its merits. The present num-
ber concludes the second volume,
which in no respect is inferior to
the first. Great praise is due to
Mr. L. for his laudable endeavours
to render the beauties of foreign sa-
cred music more generally known
in this country ; and, in our opi-
nion, he has displayed as much

taste and discernment in the se*
lection, as skill in the adaptation of
(he various pieces incorporated in
his publication. The names of the
Haydns, of Mozart, Winter, Pergo*
lesi, Bach, Graun, Hasse, Naii*
mann, Sarti, Boccherini, and other
first-rate composers, will be found
with pleasure in this collection ;
which cannot but be of the greatest
utility to the theoretical student*
must afford infinite entertainment to
the amateur, and will probably
prove a treasure, the value of which
is likely to be augmented by time.
A short historical account of every
author is added to the preface to
each volume ; and, with the excep-
tion of some errors of the prrss,
which we perceived with regret, the
typographical part of the work is
well executed. The accompaniment
of the piano-forte has likewise oUr
warmest approbation ; every essential
part of the different instruments has
been preserved and compressed into
the two staffs with great ingenuity
and judgment, without, at the same
time, rendering the execution too
difficult.

— — — 1 4

FASHIONS FOR LADIES.

PLATE SO. MORNING DRESS.

A high morning robe of fine ja-
conot, or cambric muslin, buttoned
from the throat to the feet ; a high
fluted collar, edged with lace, and
clasped in the center with a topaz,
or other gem. A Chinese girdle
and tassel confines the bottom of
the waist, and is tied in front, so as
to reach a little below the knee. A
loose morning robe, or pelisse, of
white muslin, green shawl print,
or jubilee sarsnet, trimmed entirely

round with a correspondent border*.
Silver filigree bracelets, with topaz
studs, A matron mob, or cap of
point lace, ornamented with shaded
yellow, or lemon-coloured ribbon „
Gloves and slippers of lemon-co-
loured kid. — Infant's robe, of yellow
muslin, over a fine soft cambric
skirt.

PLATE 31. A MORNING WALKING

DRESS.

A petticoat and Roman tunic of
fine thin cauibricj long sleeves, and

Piatt ■ W. M J.

B D K E S S .

\''n ,>/■ h hi km. El \ S EEPOSXTOBTot. tRTS fciFuhJNin ' 1 W« atJOl. Strand lONDOh

?fo&3l Vol. 2

' ^DS B WA • :

' KEBJOBtrs REPOSITOXS vfJXTS i ' Pub Vbt / "/,>Vw aJUOl Sti\

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON FEMALE DRESS.

333

high collar, interjoined and trim-
med with lace ; the tunic finished
at the bottom with a border of fret-
work. A jubilee cloak of bright
amber velvet, or shaded gold-co-
loured, sarsnet, trimmed entirely
round with swansdoun, and con-
fined at the center of the throat with
a rich cord and tassels of blended
silk and gold. The cottager's hat,
of imperial-coloured straw, tied
simply under the chin with a while
ribbon. Parasol, gloves, and shoes,
of correspondent shades with the hat.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON FE-
MALE 01! ESS.

The observations for the present
month will be devoted to the form
of dn ss ; and here I shall endeavour
to point out to my fair readers,
ti? same grand and leading princi-
ple for which I so strenuously con-
tended in the essays on colour and
complexion, namely, that dress
should, be regulated by character,
rather than by fashion.

The common classifications of
form are familiar to every one,
and the terms, round, full, long,
thin, &c. as applied to faces; and
short, tall, slender, embonpoint ,
as applied to figure, convey to
-the mind of the hearer the idea of a
class, the individuals of which are
infinitely varied. To general dis-
tinctions only can any observations
of mine apply ; all besides must be
left to the taste of the individual.

Unfortunately, as it happens in
4he case of complexion, where the
brunette is ever sighing for a fair
;skin, so with regard to figure, the
:short wish to be tall, the large to b.
:slender, and the slender sigh in
.vain for embonpoint. Now I would
wish to convince my fair readers, \
that these desires a r e as absurd as
No. XI. Vol. II.

they arc hopeless ; I would per-
suade them, that the endeavour to
appear what we are not, is as erro-
neous in dress as in morals, and that
it as invariably fails in its object ;
no one is ever deceived by it. Set-
ting aside, then, the obvious error
of elderly ladies dressing as though
they were in the bloom of youth and
beauty, there are other combinations
which, though not so generally re-
marked, are equally incongruous,
and equally offensive to the eye of
taste. The imperial purple and the
flowing robe accord as ill with the
" nose cocked in air," as angular
forms, ribbons, and other petty mat-
ters of dress, with the grand lines
and majestic symmetry of the tra-
gedy queen. Let harmony be our
guide, and all will be right. Un-
erring nature distributes to all some
distinct beauty, some interesting pe-
culiarity, some characteristic charm.
Let it be our business, then, to call
forth and improve these latent gra-
ces ; and let the lusty, instead of
binding herself with tightening liga-
tures, to produce a slim appearance,
or the slim, attempting to swaddle
and swell herself into embonpoint,
adopt a dress, which, from its ana-
logy to the form of the wearer, shall
improve what is beautiful, uk\ hide
what is defective. Let the Grecian
face and figure be clothed with the
utmost simplicity ; let the large,
the majestic, the Juno-like form,
on the contrary, be vested in full
and flowing robes of satin or velvet,
wit h ample train and swelling folds ;
and let the small-featured, spark-
ling, vivacious countenance, with
the small bewitching figure, seiect,
for its characteristic covering, :brms
more angular, and contrasts more
abrupt.

334-

FIFTH LETTER FROM A TOUNG LADT.

This idea of harmony may be
pursued through all the infinitely
varied shades of character, and will

furnish matter for the future obser-
vations of

Arbiter Elegantiarum.

FIFTH LETTER FROM A YOUNG LADY AT BRIGHTON,
TO HER SISTER IN THE COUNTRY.

Brighton, Oct. 1809.

After a migration of one fort-
night, on a visit to a very pleasant
family in this neighbourhood, be-
hold me, dear Constance,again trans-
ported to this place, which is more
than ever the center of fashionable at-
traction. The balls and private par-
ties, the public walks and libraries,
are throngc d with all that is elegant
in style, fashionable in construc-
tion, and attractive in effect. More
families of rank have arrived with-
in this last week, but I assure you,
that neither personal beauty nor
elegance is confined to this order ;
nature is not a niggard in her boun-
ty, or partial in her gifts ; and the
Steyiie exhibits a diversity, d? -
zling to the eye, and dangerous to
the heart ; for if you are enslaved
by the beauty of to-day, you are at
once released, and new fettered by
the graces of to-morrow. And as
to personal adornment, it is in vain
that Lady Mary's purse, or my in-
vention, are exercised to obtain a
distinguishing notoriety. To ex-
hibit a costume entirely novel, you
must design on your pillow in the
morning, execute at noon, stan
fresh on the sight in the evening,
and make your exit with eclat at
night. — Three days since, Lady
A — M — and the Honourable Miss
Babbington appeared in morning
robes of a singular and attractive
construction : they darted from the
beach to their equipage, in Chinese
coats of line Angola cloth, the co-

lour sea-green. They were lined
with bright amber sarsnet, and or-
namented with a border to corre-
spond, in shaded chenille. They
wore hussar tippets of white satin,
trimmed with swansdow 1 ; half-
boots of amber-colon red kid, laced
with black ; and Chinese hats, com-
posed of adverse flutings of amber
velvet and white satin. All eyes
followed them till they alighted
from their carriage ; and the conse-
quence of this novel exhibition was,
that, the Sunday following, several
diverting and grotesque imitations
were displayed by the Steyne pe-
destrians. My friend Lady Mary
has happily a vast originality of in-
vention, and great chasten ess of de-
sign. Her style is ever rather sim-
ple than splendid : for she observes,
that most women obscure their
charms by a redundance of orna-
ment ; whereas the great art con-
sists in selecting with judgment
and delicacy, adapting with appro-
priate discrimination, and combin-
ing with effect.

You ask me, my love, to advise
you in your choice of an out-door
habit for the winter; Now, al-
though your request is a little pre-
mature, yet am I at no loss to com-
ply with your solicitation ; for the
versatile character of the season has
impelled the early introduction of
many elegant articles, calculated
to resist the attacks of the frigid
god. Variety is, nevertheless, more
than ever the order of the day ;

fifth Letter from a young lady.

835

tomelimes my eye is caught by the
large embroidered scarf, thrown
over the figure in graceful negli-
gence ; at others, I am offended by
tlie studied and laboured exactness
with which this article is disposed.
Fancy cloaks, composed of cloth,
velvet, and sarsnets, display a large
portion of invention : plain double
sarsnet pelisses, and Austrian coats,
•with large pelerines of white satin,
trimmed with swansdown, or spot*
ted ermine, are very appropriate
and elegant ; I recommend them to
you particularly, till the end of
next month, when I will send you
some elegant substitute in cloth,
or velvet, which shall display a
more decided character, as well as
more suitable elegance. I forward
}rou with this packet, a round robe
of imperial bombazeen, an article
of great pre-eminence among us fa-
shionables. Your eyes and hair
being of an enviable bright black,
you can never wear a more advan-
tageous colour than the bright am-
ber 1 have chosen. You should
wear no tucker with this dress, as
the gowns are now made so discreet-
ly hiffi) as *° reJect the aid of that
modest ornament. Coloured robes
and frocks are very much intro-
duced in the evening party, and on
public occasions, but they require
to be selected and adapted with in-
finite judgment.

I must not neglect to inform you,
by way of general remark, that
mantles, coats, and bonnets, of the
latest introduction, are formed of
blended cloth and velvet, which i
are a very becoming relief to each
other. The stiff gown, as well as \
the higher order of dress robes, are
wrought in fancy borders of shaded
chenille, as are very frequently the

coats and mantles ; I do not recol-
lect any embellishment more lively
and pleasing. It is too early to in-
troduce much gold or silver in the
evening dress, except on the hair :
flowers of autumnal bloom are worn,
on these occasions, as well as on the
small black gipsy and morning
straw spartan. The jubilee cap,
formed of white satin, with a band
of orange and gold, and a feather
to correspond, is the most graceful
article exhibited for some time.
Lady Mary and myself sported
them, for the first time, three days
since. As we always appear to-
gether, we do not (like some of
yout sentimental friends) dress
with that studied and monotonous
exactness, tiresome to the eye of
taste ; but though we adopt the
same style, we make choice of those
colours which form the most agree-
able contrast to each other. In
France, these judicious arrange-
ments are carried so far, that not
only the blinds and lining of their
equipages, the curtains of the win-
dows, bed, &c. &c. are considered,
but a French lady would be highly
offended, and consider it a violation
of the laws of good breeding, if
her companion appeared in a colour
unhappily contrasted, or disadvan-
tageous to her guest.

Do not increase the length of your
waist beyond my last instructions
on this head ; for, though there are
a few spruce misses to be seen of
the waspish order^ yet these bear
no proportion to the number of ele-
gant women, who do not exceed, in
this case, a becoming mediocrity.
I must not omit informing you, that
the morning bonnet (whelhcr of sa-
tin, straw, or sarsnet,) is now worn
much smaller, and so much at the
Yy2

336

NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, COVENT-GA RT)tX.

back of the head, as to exhibit the
whole of the hair in the front of the
forehead, which appears in full
curls, sometimes interwoven with
small knots and ends of ribbon.
With these bonnets the ostrich fea-
ther is generally seen, drooping to-
wards one side : they are either
white, or of a colour corresponding
with the intermixed ribbon, which
Confines and ornaments the bonnet,
or which distinguishes the other
parts of the dress. — I will conclude
this epistle with the description of a
dress, which I wore two evenings
since at Lady B L 's con-
cert. All hough you will find no-
thing particularly striking in it, se-
parately described ; yet, as a whole,
I assure you it had a most becoming
and attractive effect : — The robe
was round, with a demi traine,
formed of orange imperial bomba-
zeen, the sleeves short, the bosom
rounded, and sitting plain, and close
to the form ; round the bottom were
placed, at equal distances, three
rows of narrow black velvet ; two,
the same width, round the edge of

tlie sleeve and back : in front, and
at the edge of the bosom, was also
a velvet similar in breadth with the
belt, which confined the bottom of
the waist, and which was clasped
in front with a diamond stud, a
Vantique. A broach of diamonds
appeared in center of the bosom,
with a single row of brilliants, by
way of necklace; with ear-rings
and armlets to correspond. My hair
was confined in flat braids behind,
in the eastern style ; the ends curled,
and blended with that on the fore-
head, was intermingled with small
bows and knots of orange ribbon.
I wore slippers of white satin, with
a small antique buckle of silver, and
French kid gloves just above my
elbozo, which you know is rather of
the vixen character ; had it been
round, my glove should not have
intruded so far.

Adieu, dear Constance ! I have
written you so fully, that I have
only room, at this time, to assure
you, that I am, as ever, your faith-
ful friend, and affectionate sister,
Belinda.

ItjaLMRiiaiMHtWJ

PUBLIC AM

COVENT-GARDEN THEATRE.

In consequence of the determined
opposition to the new prices, as
mentioned in our last number, it
was found necessary, after the ex-
perience of a week, to suspend the
performances at this theatre. This
was done to allow time for a select
committee, appointed by the pro-
prietors, to inspect the accounts,
and report as to the profits of the
concern. Their report proved fa-
vourable to the proprietors, but
made no impression on that part of
the public which resisted the in-

USEMENTS.

creased demand. The house was
re-opened, but the same scenes of
riot, uproar, and " confusion worse
co founded," still continue, not-
withstanding all the aid of the po-
lice, and the several means re-
sorted to by the manager and pro-
prietors to subdue the opposition.
Of the performances, of the greater
part of which it is impossible to
hear a word, of course not a word
can be said. How this contest
will end, we know not ; but we un-
derstand that Mr. Kemble means to
be guided, in the present dilemma,

LYCEUM — OLYMPIC PAVILION-.

SS7

by the Lord Chamberlain ; whose
interference will, it is hoped, speed-
ily terminate the prevailing' dis-
order.

LYCEUM.

On Monday, 25th September, the
Drnry-lane company commenced
their winter campaign at this thea-
tre, which opened with the opera
of the Duenna, and the Mayor of
Garrat. Dowton performed the
character of Isaac Mendoza as well
as we could expect, for a successor
of the inimitable Quick : as Major
Sturgeon, in the farce, Dowton was
peculiarly excellent. We find en-
gaged for the winter, Messrs. Phi-
lips, Horn, Oxberry, and Penson.
Mr. Horn is certainly well skilled
in the science of music, and sings
agreeably, but his voice is much
more calculated for private concerts
than the stage : in speaking, it is
not sufficiently sonorous, neither is
his action energetic enough, and he is
apt to be imperfect in his parts: these
defects were particularly observable
on the second night of the Drury-
lane company's performance. The
new performer, Mr. Wrench, whose
dtbut at this theatre we witnessed in
Belcour, in the West Indian, can
never, in that character, gratify
those of the audience who have seen
the incomparable Eliiston perform
it. Mr. W- makes too much bus-
tle of the character ; but, as it has
been justly observed, it is a diffi-
cult line to draw, between the vola-
tile gentleman and the restless
school-boy. We cannot forbear,
however, paying our tribute of ap-
plause to Mr. Wrrenclfs real me-
rits. His voice is, by nature', mo-
notonous and powerless ; but he
manages it so well, that these de-

fects are almost imperceptible. He
played Tristram Fickle, in the
Weathercock, extremely well ; but
in characters such as Belcour, we
almost despair of finding another
Eliiston. We are happy to see Mr.
Knight engaged here: his comic
powers will ever gain him a wel-
come with Thalia's votaries. Mrs.
Edwin is truly an acquisition : on
Saturday, the 14th ult. she played
the character of the WidowCheerly,
in the Soldier's Daughter ; and we
cannot give Mrs. Edwin an higher
meed of praise, than by declaring,
that she is the only one who could
be received, as she really was, with
the most rapturous applause, as a
successor to Mrs. Jordan in the
above character.

OLYMPIC PAVILION.

After the close of Mr. Astley's
amphitheatre, Westminster-bridge,
he opened, for the winter, his Olym-
pic Pavilion, in Newcastle-street, in
the Strand, on the 9th ult. to a
crowded audience, ever disposed
to appreciate those exertions, which
he evinces to please the public.

Mr. Astley, by the versatile and
truly amusing entertainments he of-
fers, his excellent performers, and
his ambition to please, has suc-
ceeded in his desired aim ; and we,
in common with every oneelse, have
been willing to applaud : but the
stage at this little theatre is so very
small, as not to allow of sufficient
diversity of scenery, and conse-
quently destroys all the effect of
pantomimic exhibitions. Never-
theless, the Olympic Pavilion is
generally filled by a very genteel
audience. Indeed, Mr. Astley has
so well got up the talc from Ossian,
of Oscar and Maivina, that it has

33S

BANK OF ENGLAND.

been difficult to procure places for
that spectacle, in which he has
preserved the Caledonian costume
with more correctness than we ever
recollect to have before witnessed.

ROYAL CIRCUS.

This theatre closed, as usual, with
a succession of benefits. The night
before their commencement, was
that on which Mr. Elliston took his
grateful leave of the public, previ-

ous to the shutting up the theatie
for the winter. We predicted, as
soon as we knew the Circus was in
such able hands, what it would be-
come : our expectations have in-
deed been exceeded. The Beg'
gar's Opera,) Lore's Perils, the
magnificent spectacle of Macbethy
have pleased the most scientific ;
while the different pantomimes that
have been performed, arc exquisite
in their kind.

Plate 29.— BANK
In the ninth number of the Re-
positorywe gave a representation of
the newly-erected portion of the
Bank of England, towards Loth-
bury, and announced our intention
of presenting our readers, at an
early period, with another view of
that national edifice. This pro-
mise we now fulfil, in the accom-
panying engraving, which exhibits
the south, or principal side, with
the entrance.

The center of this side, and the
principal building behind, were
founded in 1733; the architect was
George Sampson. Previous to that
period, the business of this institu-
tion was transacted in Grocers'-
Hall. The front is a kind of vesti-
bule, with a rustic base, and the
ornamental columns above are Ionic.
Two wings, of considerable ele-
gance, designed by Sir Robert
Taylor, were afterwards added, at
the expence of a few houses, and the
church of St. Christopher-le-Stocks.
This front, though it evinces
classical knowledge in the distri-
bution of the parts, is deficient in
general effect : it appears too tri-
fling for what it was intended for,
especially when compared with the

OF ENGLAND.

Royal Exchange and the Mansion-
House, which stand so near it. In-
deed, it has such a diminutive ap-
pearance^ that no stranger would
take it for the principal entrance to
a concern of the first magnitude in
the kingdom.

With respect to the new part of
the exterior of the Rank, two things
are particularly to be noticed and
admired, in its construction. Here
the architect has, in t>he first place,
united security with elegance; and,
in the second, has overcome the dif-
ficulty of an immense length, with-
out? a proportionate height, by com-
bining it in such a manner as to
form different masses, so well ar-
ranged, that it exhibits a pleasing
variety without destroying the idea
of a whole, and by having happily
connected the two principal sides,
by introducing the form of a Gre-
cian temple in the angle. It is to
be observed, that the capital and
bases of the columns have noplinths,
which otherwise would have pro-
duced so many angles, as would
have tended to destroy the breadth
of effect, so essential to be preserv-
ed in architecture. The light is also
dexterously managed j for, bygiv

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS.

ing a circular figure to the temple,
the abrupt transition from light to
shadow is prevented. The effect
varies, without being too much
broken, and the spectator is led
insensibly to the different sides of
the building by happy transitions,
possessing; as much diversity as the
unity of design could admit. The
upper part, however, is not wholly
free from objection, the forms and
ornaments being more in the Egyp-
tian than the Grecian style ; a cir-
cumstance which, exclusive of the
inconsistency in mixing different
orders of architecture, introduces a
sepulchral appearance, which has
nothing to do with such a building
as the Bank.

The various improvements, now
nearly completed round this edi-
fice, add greatly to its beauty, and
form a lout-ensemble worthy of the
magnificent city to which it be-
longs.

Finding that an historical ac-
count of the institution to which this
structure is appropriated, would
exceed the limits to which we are
here confined, wc refer such of our
readers, as wisli for information re-
specting the origin and gradual
progress of this establishment, to its

present importance, to the Micro-
cosm of London (vol. I. p. 40.)
a faithful and elegant guide to the
principal buildings and public in-
stitutions of the metropolis. We
shall therefore conclude with a cir-
cumstance not adverted to in that
work, but which is thus noticed by
Mr. Pennant: — "This palladium
of our country was, in 1780, saved
from the fury of an infamous ban-
ditti by the virtue of its citizens,
who suddenly formed a volunteer
company, and overawed the mis-
creants; while the chief magistrate
skulked trembling in his Mansion-
f louse, and left his important charge
to its fate. This important build-
ing has ever since been very pro-
perly guarded by the military,
who, in passing through the city,
have often given offence to many
busy characters, who would strive
to preserve the city rights, at the
expencc of the national destruction.
A lord mayor was the last who in-
terested himself, by applying to
Mr. Grenville ; who gave him to
understand, that if the guards were
not quietly permitted to discharge
their duty, the Bank would be re-
moved to Somerset-House:" a hint
which produced the desired effect.

RETROSPECT

At length we have received ac-
counts, to which we know not how
to refuse credit, of peace having
been signed between France and
Austria. The account first appear-
ed in the Amsterdam Courant Ex-
traordinary of the 11th October,
and stated, " that the burgomaster
of that city had, the same morning,
received a letter from the minister
of war, dated at Loo3 containing

OF POLITICS.

an official notification, that peace
between France and Austria was
signed on the 3d." The Paris pa-
pers of the 10th, however, arc si-
lent on the subject ; the Dutch pa-
pers of the 12th have said nothing
more upon it, and no illuminations
or rejoicings have since been no-
ticed on Voe French coast. These
circumstances still incline many to
doubt the fact, although so formally

340

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS.

announced. It is also worthy of
observation, that the Amsterdam
Courant is not an official paper. A
very few days must determine the
truth or falsehood of this report ;
but there can be no doubt, that if a
peace be really signed, the terms
of it are much in favour of France,
and against the independence of Eu-
rope, and the hopes of all nations.
The emperor Alexander has been
no less successful in his war against
Sweden, than Bonaparte has been
against Austria : a treaty of peace
was signed on the 17th of Septem-
ber, at Fredericksham, between the
ministers plenipotentiary of the two
powers, Count Romauzow, on the
part of Russia, and Baron Stedingk,
on the part of Sweden. This treaty
will not be published until the ra-
tification is exchanged. A state
paper published by the emperor
^Alexander on the occasion, says,
thai (i ail the propositions, by him
made, with n gar I to the said peace,
had been accepted ; and the incor-
poration or the grand duchy of Fin-
land with the Russian empire con-
firmed : the town of Tornea, and
the river of that name, formed the
frontier of the two states." There
can be no doubt that the exclusion
of British ships from the ports of
Sweden has been stipulated ; and
Sweden has been thus forced to en-
ter into that system of hostility to
British commerce, which Bona-
.parte calls " the system of the Con-
tinent.1' Sweden, having now lost
one half of her territories, can no
longer pretend to cope with Russia,
and in the humiliation of this brave
and generous nation, we have deep-
ly to lament another wound which
has been given to the independence
of Europe, and another triumph
which lias been gained by the un-

principled ambition of the two al-
lied emperors, over the liberties of
mankind.

There are only two countries on
the continent of Europe which now
remain to be conquered ; and Tur-
key and Spain appear to have ar-
rived at the crisis of their fate. The
great Russian army which was al-
lowed by Bonaparte (notwithstand-
ing the express terms of the treaty
of Tilsit) to keep possession of Mol-
davia and Wallachia, have already
crossed the Danube, and, in con-
junction with the Servian army, arc
penetrating to the heart of Turkey ;
while the immense forces which the
French and Austrians now have on
the banks of the Danube, can easily
enter that country, and give the
Turkish war whatever direction or
results they (or rather Bonaparte)
may think proper. If the report
be true, which so currently prevails
at the time we are now preparing
these observations forlhe press, that
peace is signed between Fiance and
Austria, we cannot doubt that the
emperor of Austria will be easily in-
duced to assist in the dismember-
ment of Turkey, on being allowed
to receive some compensation in
that country, for the immense sa-
crifices he has been compelled to
make to France.

As to the affairs of Spain, i\iey
do not appear much improved since
our last. The only cvant^ of any
consequence, which has happened,
is, that the heroic garrison of Ge-
rona have been relieved, by a con-
siderable quantity of provisions,
and a reinforcement of above 4000
men thrown into the place. We see,
however, no prospect of any deci-
sive blow against the enemy in
this quarter, at least for a consider-
able time. We know no better

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS.

341

mode of acquiring a knowledge of
the actual slate of affairs in Spain,
than by comparing the accounts of
the enemy with those official state-
ments which have been published
in this country. As to the battle
of Talavern, the French official ac-
count, published at Madrid, leaves
no doubt that the victory was with
the English. It mentions that " King-
Joseph was awakened in the night
following the battle, by General Se-
bastian i, who had retired on the
reserve with the 4th corps, because
the 1st corps, conceiving itself
turned, had retreated to Cassalegos t
it became, therefore, necessary to
follow that movement. The retreat
was made deliberately, and in good
order, and the enemy did not fol-
low." When a whole army retreats
immediately after a battle, from the
supposition of their being turned
by the enemy, there can be no
doubt on which side the victory
was ; and, had it not been for this }
French official account, we should !
never have known the panic which
pervaded their troops immediately
after the battle. The Moniteur,
in its angry attacks against Lord
Wellington, has not been ashamed
to magnify the armies of Sou It,
Ney, and Morfier, to 70,000 men.
It is very possible that they might
have been so numerous when they
first entered Spain, but it is certain
thai they were not half that number |j
at Plaeentia. We know pretty well
the force of Soult when he was
beaten out of Portugal, with a loss
of a quarter of his army. We also j!
know the weakness of Ney'sdivi- il
sion, "which was defeated by the j|
Gailicians at the bridge of the Payo, \\
and with which Sir Robert Wilson jj
afterwards maintained a battle for >'
No. XL Vol. IL

nine hours, at the Puerto do Banos.
If Soult had really 70,000 men,
why are not the French now besieg-
ing Elvas? or why have they not
long since been masters of Lisbon ?
The met is, that the French govern-
ment has a great interest in exag-
gerating the amount of their forces,
in order to give the idea of their
being irresistible, and to deter this
country from affording any 'assist-
ance to Sj* i. The total disregard
which the Moniteur has for truth or
probability, when it has any ob-
ject for mistating, is apparent, from
another observation in the same ar-
ticle, respecting the folly of Eng-
land in taking part in continental
wars. It says, " a nation of three
millions cannot meet man for man :t
nation of forty millions." Now,
when the writer of the French go-
vernment blames Lord Wellington
for ignorance, in not knowing that
Soult had 70,000 troops, what can
be said of him, who reckoned the
population of the united kingdom
at three millions, when the last
census, for Great Britain alone,
gave eleven millions, to which are
to be added four or five millions
for Ireland. We cannot believe any
writer in Europe so ignorant as real-
ly to believe that the population of
the united kingdom is but three mil-
lions; and yet the Moniteur has not
been ashamed to state it in that, very
article in which itattacks Lord Wel-
lington for ignorance, in not know-
ing the numbers of the French army.
These observations appear to us
to be necessary, in order to shew
that no credit whatsoever is due to
the Moniteur statements of the
French force in Spain, and that they
ought to make no impressio ; on the
minds of the people of this country.
/u z

342

MEDICAL

An account of the diseases which have
occurred in the reporter's own practice
from the fjth of September, to the 15th
of October, 1809.

Acute diseases.— Summer fever, 5....
Scarlet fever and sore throat, 3.. ..Small-
pox, 4... .Acute rheumatism, 2.. ..Peripneu-
inonv, (....Catarrh, 3.... Acute diseases of
infants, 6.

Chronic diseases. — Coug r* nd difficulty
of breathing, 24....Pleurodyne, ^...Pul-
monary consumption, 4.. ..Asthenia, 6....
Asthma, 2. ...Chronic rheumatism, 6....
Enterodvnia, 6....Gastrodynia, 4.. ..Lum-
bago, 3....Cephalaea and vertigo, 1 ....
Water in the head, 1... .Dropsy, 3. ...Dys-
pepsia, 5. ...Colic, 2. ...Worms, 3.. ..Diar-
rhoea, 7. ...Dysentery, 2.. ..Marasmus, 1....
St. Vitus's dance, 1... Hysteria, 1. ...Mania,
1.... Female complaints, 7.

The case of hysteria, enumerated in
the preceding list, was attended with
some peculiar and unusual phenomena.
It occurred in a man, a native of Germa-
ny, about forty years of age ; who, whilst
sitting at dinner, was seized with a violent
hysteric paroxysm, and experienced most
of the symptoms usual in that complaint :
he afterwards became delirious, and re-
mained in this state several days : when
lie became sensible, the hysterical symp-
toms recurred ; the globus hystericus
and borborygmi were particularly dis-
tressing. During the time I visited him, he
Was affected with strong convulsive mo-
tions of the pectoral and dorsal muscles,
those of the neck and the diaphragm ;
by which the chest was forcibly eleva-
ted, and the air violently expelled from
the lungs, so that the act of expiration
and of inspiration was effected with a
Joud noise, somewhat resembling the cry
of an enraged animal ; it was that kind
of sound which is uttered by a patient in
the advanced stage of hydrophobia,
which has been improperly compared to
the barking of a dog.

This unfortunate man's malady had

REPORT.

existed several months before I saw hint,
and was occasioned by sudden apprehen-
sions of being dragged to a prison, and
subsequent indignation at unfeeling treat-
ment. He can now scarcely answer any
interrogation without being subjected to
the painful spasmodic action before de-
scribed.

This case is the more curious and inte-
resting, because it is generally supposed
that females alone are liable to this sin-
gular affection. Hence, partial reasoners,
and superficial observers, have assigned
the uterus as the seat of the disease ;
have erroneously ascribed the causes of
it to turgescence of blood in that organ ;
and have deduced a false inference, that
the disease consequently occurs in pletho-
ric habits. Several writers, however,
amongst whom may be cited the respect-
able names of Highmore, Stahl, and Cul-
len, have stated, that either sex may be
affected with hysterics. The first of these
authors, indeed, seems to have confound-
ed it with hypochondriasis, but the two
latter have clearly denoted the distin-
guishing characteristics of each of these
affections. In fact, no complaint has a
more peculiar and striking concourse of
symptoms, than the one we are now con-
sidering ; and although it possesses some
which are common to other complaints,
as epilepsy, convulsions, hypochondriasis,
&c. it can never be mistaken by any in-
telligent observer.

Tiie exciting cause of hysteria is not
always apparent or to be ascertained. It
is frequently occasioned by emotions of
the heart and passions of the mind, and
may not occur till some time after the
impression has been made ; but having
once been excited in the habit, the fits
will often be brought on by the slightest
impulses, any sudden noise, the sight of
a person whenunexpected, certain odours,
painful, pleasurable, or distressing emo-
tions, &c. &c. It is also readily commu-
nicated from the patient to surrounding

AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

persons, though previously in a good state
of health. This arises from the irresist-
able influence of sympathy, but may be
easily subdued by applying some strong-
er passion to the mind, as fear, shame, &c.
Thus we are informed, that when the ce-
lebrated Boerhaave was sent for, to sub-
due an hysterical affection, which had
spread through the female ward of a
great hospital, and had resisted the skill
of the usual medical attendants, he, with
great deliberation, ordered the nurse to
bring the largest poker in the house, and
having, in the presence. of his patients,
directed it to be made red hot, signified
his intention of applying the actual cau-
tery to the first person who should be
seized with an hysteric paroxysm. The
remedy succeeded.

The cause of females chiefly being
attacked with hysterics, would appear to
depend upon the delicacy of their orga-
nization, the quickness of their percep-
tions, and their requisite sense of feeling,
rather than on any sexual distinction.
They are formed by nature of finer ma-
terials, and the same power which thus
beautifully moulded their frame, also se-
cured its protection and defence in what
tve ignorantly term a disease. Hysterics,

in the first instance, generally proceed
from the application of some offensive
and irritating cause, which is frequently
removed by their occurrence ; and what
would be derided in a man, because he
is strong and capable of self-defence,
renders a woman amiable, and secures
at once our pity and protection ; even
the culprit at the bar receives it under
such c'ncumstances.

The cure of hysteria frequently de-
pends more on moral, than on physical
agents. This indicates the necessity of as-
certaining the secret cause of the malady ;
and where it proceeds from a wounded
spirit, offended pride, disappointment,
vexation, or other similar causes, every
possible means should be adopted to sooth
the mind, and restore tranquillity. Dur-
ing the fit, if violent enough to excite
alarm, the sudden shock of cold water
being dashed over the face and neck, al-
most instantly recovers the patient.
Anodyne, antispasmodic, aperient, and
strengthening remedies, according as
they are indicated by the consitution of
the individual, and the peculiar circum-
stances of the case, are sometimes requi-
site to complete the cure.

AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

The dry calm weather, through the
greater part of the last momh, has been
■very favourable for the latter harvest and
the autumnal seed-time. The wheat has
been put into the ground in that state
which rarely fails of producing a good
crop in the ensuing year. A dry seed-time
preserves the corn from injury, either
from frost or heavy rains during the
winter months; as the interstices of the
soil are left more open, from the motion
of the implements used in putting in the
seed, through which the water percolates
most freely, and leaves it in a much
warmer state than when it saturates upon
the surface, which is mostly the case
when land is ploughed wet.

The new wheat rises much better from

the flail than was expected, from its ex>
posure to the repeated showers that fell at
the time of its collection: its quality is
fine, exclusive of being rather cold in
the hand : on which account, it will re-
quire a mixture of old corn to make it
work freely upon the stones.

Barley is a rough sample, where it has
not been injured by the wet weather ;
but that which has been exposed to much
rain, is of a very inferior quality.

Oats are very productive, although
much have been shed iij the field; bu' from
being harvested in rather a damp state},
thev fill the bushel fast, and will not make
good provender till after some sharp
frosty weather.

Beans, peas, and vetches, arc ab .nd-

PATTERNS OF BRITISH M AXUFACTURF.

ant, and the quality very fine where they
have been tolerably well harvested.

Turnips upon the heavy loams are ra-
ther a partiai crop in some countries ; but
on the sands and rich light loams, they
aie much above an average crop.

Potatoes are more than an average

crop ; and those that were taken up early
are free from rand.

The late fine weather has much favour-
ed the depasturing of the large crop of
aftermaths ; and if it should continue
open, will keep the cattle long out of the
farm-yard.

l-UMjmL'J 1X!0

Plate 32.

ELLIOTT'S PATENT ECCENTRIC LANDAULET,
OR CHARIOT.

In our preceding numbers we have
had frequent occasion to hint at the as-
tonishing improvements which have of
late years been made in every article of
luxury or convenience ; and some of the
most striking of which, are recorded
among the historical facts relative to
European Manners and Customs, with
which we have from time to time pre-
sented our readers. It cannot be denied,
that, notwithstanding the hardness of the
times, which ever have, and ever will be
a common subject of complaint, the
meanest peasant now enjoys comforts su-
perior to what our monarchs could com-
mand a few centuries ago, when humble
straw composed the couch of majesty,
and the rudest vehicle was a luxury un-
known even to queens.

Of the refinements introduced by opu-
lence and ingenuity in the article of car-
riages, Elliott's patent eccentric landau-
let, or chariot, represented in the annexed
engraving, affords a striking proof.
Though the decoration of carriages has,
it is true, for some years, diverted the
attention of most coach-makers from
any solid improvements, either in regard !
to lightness, safety, ease, or durability,

yet these were advantages which Mr.
Elliott had in view in the contiivance
of this vehicle. His study was not mere
novelty, but real utility. The eccentric
landaulet, or chariot, is distinguished by
being without perch, wings, axle-tree
beds, transom-beds, or plates; so that
the weight is much reduced, and the
horses are spared considerable toil and
labour. It is more compact than carri-
ages can be built upon any other princi-
ple, and answers all the purposes of a
crane neck, as it will turn in a smaller
compass. These vehicles are less liable
to overturn than others, as they will lock
completely round ; and the boot is equal-
ly easy, being placed on the same springs
with the body.

The numerous advantages derived from
this invention, will, we doubt not, secure
to the patentees that encouragement
which is rarely withheld from what is
really useful and meritorious.

Coaches, landaus, phaetons, and any
other kind of four-wheel carriages, built
on the same principle, may be procured
at the coach and harness manufactory of
the patentees, Messrs. Elliott and Hol-
brook, Westminster bridge.

ALLEGORICAL WOOD-CUT, WITH PATTERNS OF BRITISH

MANUFACTURE.

No. 1. A fret-work striped muslin,
particularly adapted for gowns, robes,
and pelisses. This article is confined to
no absolute order of costume, but is
equally adapted to the morning, or

half dress ; though perhaps it more im-
mediately belongs to the former: yet we
have seen the simple French frock, but-
toned or laced up the back with biassed
bosom and short sleeve, formed of this

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Of Arts, Literature, Commerce, Manufactures, Fashions, and Politics ,.

R. Ackermann, 101, Strand, London.

POETRY.

343

material ; and with ornaments of varie-
gated gems, it forms, at once, a dress un-
obtrusively neat and attractive. It is
sold by Messrs. Waithman and Evering-
ton, No 1 04-, Fleet-street, at 4s. 3d. per
yard.

No. 2. The Arabian jubilee silk ; the
most rich and beautiful article which has
ever been introduced in the line of full
dress. We may fairly commend the taste
and invention of the manufacturer of this
most splendid article, which is at once
uni.jue and elegant. We need say little
to our fair correspondents by way of re-
commending it to their notice; its attrac-
tion is sufficiently striking to the eye of
last , and we venture to predict, that it
will be a reigning favourite with the supe-
rior orde; of fashionables durin? the win-
ter. It is sold by Mr. P. Hodges, No. i
12. Henrietta-street, Covent-garden.

No. 3. An imperial green shawl print,
of the most novel introduction, and which
is expected to rank high on the list of
winter fashions, as there are considerable

quantities preparing at the different ma-
nufactories. The pattern is strikingly
delicate, and the colours agreeably con-
trasted ; the warm glow of the bright
yellow being a seasonable opposition to
the cooler shade of the yet lively green.
For the more humble order of home co&'
tume, morning wraps, or high gowns,
this animated article is particularly
adap'ed ; and, we doubt not, will be pur-
chased with avidity by females of taste.
This print is also sold by Messrs. Waith-
man and Everington, No. 10 1, Fleet-
street, at 4s. per yard.

No. 4 is a chintz kerseymere for gen-
tlemen's waistcoats, and displays much
appropriate taste and liveliness of inven-
tion. There is little need of remark on
this article, except to point out the agree-
able contrast which waistcoats of this ker-
seymere, will form to the dark shades of
winter coats. It is sold by Messrs.
Smith & Co. No. 2, Prince's-strcet, Lei-
cester-square, price Iti*.

SONNET TO HOPE,
Addressed to a Friend in Affliction.
Go, gentle soother of the human breast,
Go to my friend, he needs thy lenient
aid :
Ah! go, and be his kind, consoling guest,
Now while disease and pain his frame
pervade !

Thou greatest solace in affliction's hour —
Thou friend, when all the world deserts
beside ;
Now, while storms rage, and make hea-
ven's aspect lour,
Be thou his stay, and, through the
gloom, his guide.

O bring him to the port of Ease once
more !
Let thy sweet smiles now on his vessel
beam :
The storm disperse, the thunder's angry
roar ;
His bark again glide smoothly through
life's stream.

Bring him to Kelvin's flow'ry banks again,

Where health, and joy, and peace, and

concord reign ! J. C.

Glasgow,

Written on the Walls of the new Theatre
at Covent-garden.

In Drury's ruins, and this fabric, see
The proverb — honesty is policy.

Underneath this Couplet, in another hand:
Thus bricks and stone> a clearer moral

teach,
Than poets sing, or mystic parsons preach.

Homo.

EPIGRAMS,

From the Latin, by Dr. W.

To CORNLTLS.

An annual growth the stag's broad ant-
lers know ;

Each day — a fine new pair adorns your
brow.

346.

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

*' Nature abhors a vacuum !" Bubo said.
Bubo, you're wrong — the vacuum's in
your head.

TO A PRUDE.

You, like Penelope, delight

Daily to fast, and weep, and pray ;

And, like her too — undo, each night,
The pious labours of the day.

Written under a fine Statue of Ariadne.
By faithless lovers now no longer crost,
I gain a thousand for each one I lost.

TO A BAD POET.
A frigid rhimer, tho' an ardent lover —
The reason readily thou may'st discover :
That Phillis with thy passion is dis-

pleas'd ;
Thy verse puts out the spark thy love had

rais'd.

THE SIGH.
• By J. P. Curran, Esq.

Oh I give to sorrow, momentary ease,
Thou gentle tell-tale of a pensive
breast j

For thou, when cheating hope no more
can please,
Thou canst ailbrd, at least, a transient
rest.

Oh! then, ambiguous, joyless, softly rise,

Whilst the tear trembles on the pallid

cheek ;

Severe the Virtue which a Sigh denies,

To save the breaking heart, that dare*

not speak.

MADRIGAL.

TO CYNTHIA.

Ah ! wherefore did I daring gaze
Upon the radiance of thy charms ?

And vent' ring nearer to their rays,
How dar'd I clasp thee in my arms ?

That kiss will give my heart a pain
Which Cynthia's pity will deplore :

Then take, O take, the kiss again,
Or let me take a hundred more !

Dr. Wolcott.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

BANKRUPTS.

The Solicitors'' Names are between Parentheses.

Alcocks J. Nettlebed, Oxford, victualler
(Attwood, Ensham

Arlon J, Gnat Driffield, York, grocer (Ros-
scr, Hartlett's buildings.

Bailey J. Longacre, fringe-manufacturer
(]\aylor, Great Newport street

Ball R. East Brent, Somerset, mercer (Blake,
Cook's court, Carey street

Birt J. Leckhampton, Glocester, farmer
(Price and Williams, Lincoln's inn

Brewer T. Baldwin's Gardens, Gray's inn
lane, tin-plate-worker (Parton, Walbiook

Brown T. Leeds, York, flax-dresser (Exley
and Stocker, Fur nival' s inn

Browne J. and J. Powell, Liverpool, mer-
chants (Blackstqck, London

Bryan T. Mincing lane, broker (Owen and
Hicks, Bartlett's buildings

Buck G. Cockspur street, tailor (Smith,
Charles street, Cavendish square

Chadwick A. Bredbury, Chester, widow |
(Edije, Temple

Chadwick J. Bredbury, hat- manufacturer
(Edge, Temple

Chadwick J. Lower Thame* street, vic-
tualler (Popkiu, Dean street, Soho

Chetham J. Heaton Norris, Manchester,
check-manufacturer (Lingard, Heaton Norris

Comfort M. Brighton, carpenter (Fourlc
and Palmer, Doughty street

Cuming T. Castle court, Birchin lane, mer-
chant (Gregson and Dixon, Angel court,
Throgmortou street

Dean D. sep.andjun. and John D. St. John,
street, cheesemongers (Willet, Annesley, and
Son, Finsbury-square

Dowling H Castle street, Leicester square,
linen-draper (Wadeson, Barlow, and Grosve-
nor, Austin Friars

Drury J. F. Clerkenwell Green, brass-
founder (Meredith and Robbins, Lincoln's inn

Favell E- and J. Cambridge, painters (San-
dys and Horton, Crane court.

Francis J. Leather lane, leather-seller (Kirk-
man, Cloak lane

Free W. H. Broad street, Horsleydowiy
merchant (Kirkham, Sborter's court, Throg^
mortou street

Fuller J. Lewea, butcher (Turner, Bou-
verie street

Gale J. New London street, Crutched Friars,
merchant (Oakley, Martin's lane, Cannon st.

Godden W. Cranbourn alley, linen-draper
Swain, Stevens, and Maples, Old Jewry

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

347

Hale H. and H. Hale, Bircliin lane, oil-
tuen (AUiston, Freeman's court, Cof nliill

Halliday T. Baiuion, York, worsted -spiu-
fcer (Evans, Hatton Garden

Harrison J. Southwick, Durliam, ship-owner
(Hartley, bridge street, Blai kfriars

Hewett J. West Bedfont, Middlesex, farmer
(Pbillipson and Brewer, Staple's inn

Hey M. Cateaton street, warehouseman
(Bourdilion and Hewitt, Little Friday street

Holus R. Reading, grocer (Jenkins, James,
and Abbott, New inn

HousonJas. Doncaster, victualler (Bigg,
Hatton Garden

!■ usou J. Dunstable, Beds, victualler (Hurd,
Temple

Keighley W. Castle street East, St. Mary-
le-bone, stationer (Dawson and Wratislaw,
Warwick street, Golden square

KnowlesT. York, shopkeeper (Nett'eship,
Grocers1 hall

Lavender \V. Old Cavendish street, japan-
tier (Dawson and Wratislaw, Warwick street,
Golden square

Leroux H.J. Canonbury square, Islington,
builder (Denton and Barker, Gray's inn

Lewis J. Bristol, brick-maker (Pearson,
Temple

Lowe W Coventry, soap-boiler (Mason,
St. Michael's court, Cornhill

Lucas J. P. Birmingham, auctioneer (Frowd,
Temple

Malt J. Jermyn street, victualler (Cuppage,
Jermyn street

Marson J. Walsall, Stafford, sadlers' iron-
monger (Hunt, Surry street, Strand

Mather T. Newcastle upon Tyne, oilman
(Edge, Temple

Mather W. Dudley, Worcester, tailor (Tur-
ner and Pike, Bloomsbury square

Metcalf J. New London street, Crutched
Friars, merchant (Oakley, Martin's lane,
Cannon street

Mitchell J. \ew Sleaford, Lincoln, grocer
(Wilson, Greville street

M'Neal N London, merchant (Nind, Thiog-
morton street

Mullens W. Cheam, Surry, builder (Fow-
ler, Basing lane

N orris J. Portsmouth, baker (Howard,
Portsea

Parka W. Bucknall Iron -works, Stafford,
iron-founder (Fritchard, Broseley, Saiop

Parkinson G Bucklersbury, warehouseman
(Wt lch, Nicholas lane

Pass W. Ingram court, Fenchurch street,
bai'dwaiemai; (.Ma. hew, Symond's inn

PitrCi'T. Canterbury, brazier (Nethersole
and Portal, Essex street, Strand

Pratt W. Bromley, Kent, victualler (Pop-
kin, Lean street, Soho

Prynn A. A. St. Coiumb, Cornwall, mercer
(Hewlett, Roll's buildings

Riley H. Somerhouse, York, cotton-spinner
(Hurd, Temple

Roberts R. Liverpool, merchant (Warrand
and Wood, Castle court, Budge row

Rogers M. Tooting, .Surry, victualler (Bour-
dilion and Heniit, Little Friday street

Rouse W Cheltenham, watchmaker (Viz-
ard end Hutchinson, Lhiro.n's inn

Scrace J. Wmcombe, Somerset, builder,
(Franks, Hart street

Seccombe J. yarn-manufacturer, W. Hore
and C. Burlcy, woollen-manufacturers, Gram-
pound, Cornwall, and R. Serle, woollen- ma-
nufacturet, St. Stephen's, near Launccstoa
(Fairbank, Ely Place

Shillibeer H. B. Plymouth Dock, auctioneer
Williams and Darke, Prince's street, Bed-
ford row

Stevenson J. Oxford street, dealer (Allen,
Berner's street, and Pierce, Kirby street, Hat-
ton Garden

Stratton G. Piccadilly, ironmonger (Pop-
kin, Dean street, Soho

Stuart C. Berwick street, tailor (Allen,
Carlisle street, Soho

Taylor R. Blythe's yard, Whiteeross street,
chair-maker (Russen, Crown court, Alders-
gate street

Timson J. W. and J. Baxter, Leicester,
linen-drapers (Bleasdale, Alexander, and
Holme, New inn

Watson A. Walworth, corn-chandler (Gut-
ton, St. Thomas's street, Borough

Williams J. Cadoxton, Glamorgan, iron-
monger (Williams and Brooks, Lincoln's inn

Williams W. Liverpool, dealer and chap-
man (Hulme, Russell square

Wood T. Stockport, Chester, tailor (New-
ton and Dale, Stockport

DIVIDENDS.
Appleby J. Chatham, linen-draper, Oct.
28 — Arbuthnet A. and R.Bracken, Fhilpot-
lane, merchants, Jan. 30 — Atkinson J. Bir-
mingham, iron-founder, Oct. 23 — Barker J.
Morton, York, cotton-spinner, Nov. 30 — Bar-
ker J. and H. Morton, York, cotton-spinners,
Nov. 30 — Bedford W. Foster-lane, wholesale
liaen-draper, Nov. 7 — Bedford W.and S. Sum-
ner, Foster-lane, wholesale linen-drapers, Nov.
7 — Beetson H. G. Gray's-inn square, money-
scrivener, Sept. 30 — Bell M. York, oil-mercht.
Oct 31 — Bendelack A. James court, Bury st.
St. Mary Axe, merchant, Oct. 24 — Bel is B. and
A. Smith, Basinghall street, factors, Nov. 7 —
Bishop T Birmingham, plater, < !ct. 18 — Bol-
ton J, and F. Warrington, Lancaster, potters,
Oct. 24 — Boucher W. Birmingham, toy-maker,
Oct. 27 — Bougin T Little New street. Shoe
las.e, Oct. 24 — Bowles A. T. and T. Williams,
Kent street, Sonthwark, grocer, Nov. 13 —
Brooks J. St. John's street, hardv.areman, Nor.
1 1 — Brown J. Liverpool, dealer and chapman,
Oct. ]6 — Bullock E. Birmingham, milliner,
0< t. 30 — Chambers T. Wigtoa, Cumberland,
shopkeeper, Oct. 25 — Cheney J. Oxford st.
linen draper, Nov. 14 — Chowne W. Exeter,
linen-draper, Oct. 21 — Clarke J. Salisbury,
haberdasher, Nov. 4 — Cole J. Fore street, sta-
tioner, Nov. 11 — Coliip J. Great Portland st.
upholsterer, Oct. 28 — Cook H. Bristol, mer-
chant, October lG — Cooper W. Chick St.
Osyth, Essex, merchant, Nov. 7 — Croptop E.
Bishopwearmooth, Durham, millii-er, Vc%
26 — Croskty G. D. and R. Westail, Basin ghail
street, Blackwell hall factors, Nov. 4 — Cros;-
leyJ. Halifax, York, and King street, Lon-
don, merchant, Sept. 14 — Croton J. Drury
lane, linen-diaper, Oct. ii — Cistins S. T.
Bishopsgatc street, glover, Dec 30— Danson
W. Lancaster, woollen- draper, l)pe. 1 — Drfvis
S. Upper St. Martin's lane, cabinet-maker,
Oct. 24 — Dempsey W. ard J. Aa-am. n, Bris-
tol, tailors, Oct. 26 — Denison J . W. A. Phelps,

348

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDEND*.

and G. Williams, Friday street, Cheapside,
warehousemen, Nov. ji — Dixon T. Bath, chi-
na man, Oct. 31— Ellis C. R. Middle New st.
Fleet street, jeweller, Nov. 13— Fen wick T. J.

Penzance, Cornwall, linen-diaper, Oct. 31

Ferneley G. H til me, Manchester, cotton-
spinner, Oct. 19— Fry J. New Gulstone street,
Whitechapel, sugar-refiner, Oct. 31— -Furber
VV. and R. Haiiiiam, Gloeester, and J. Fur-
fur, Bath, dealers and chapmen, Oct. 21

Gaskill T. and G. Lancaster, linen-drapers,
Oct. 23— Gell R. Wakefield, miller, Oct. 27—
Gilford R.J. Bristol, skinner, Oct. 30 — Gin-

dei C. Blackburn, linen-draper, Nov. 2

Goodwin J. Manchester, merchant, Dec. 5

Gore R. Liverpool, linen-draper, Oct. 27

Gouldsmith R. New Bond street, embroiderer,
Nov. 11 — Green W. Kingsiaud road, dealer
and chapman, Oct. 21 — Guillod T. Craven st.
wir.e-mercl.ant, Oct. 10— Guthrie R. and C.
Cook, Liverpool, merchants, Oct. 21 — Hall J.
Wapping High street, tailor, Nov. 13— Ha-
milton A. and D. Haliburton, Oxford street,
Oct 28— HargreaveO Manchester, merchant,
Dec. 5 — Hargeave O. and J. Goodwin, Man-
cluster, merchants, Dec.5— Hibbard J. Bath,
alehouse- keeper, Nov. 18— Hiley J. Leeds,
York, innkeeper, Nov. SO — Hill T. Brighton,
baker, Oct. 31— Hodgson T. Blackman street,
Southwark, upholder, Nov. in — Holt J. Sal-
ford, Lancaster, dyer, Oct. 26— Hope VV.
Brampton, Cumberland, cotton-manufacturer,
Oct. 20 — Hood E. Grove street, Somerset,
and J. Tetlh, Eath, coach-masters, Oct. 31
Hosting R. B. and J. jim. South Brent, De
von, yam makers, Oct. 19 — Hounsom J. Fleet
street, linen-draper, Sept. 30 — Hudson J. De-
vonshire square, merchant, Nov. 4 — Hull J.
Wharton, Warwick, jobber, Nov. s— Jacksoi.
F. Basinghall street, factor, November 13 —
Jackson L. VV. Brownlow street, Holborn,
cabinet-maker, Nov 7— James J. Stafford,
grocer, Oct. 18— Jones J. Knstone, Oxford,
Victualler, Nov. 4 — Kendall W. Manchester
street, builder, Oct. 21— Kent E. Bicester,
Oxford, diaper, Nov. 7 — Kirkby W. Man-
chester, merchant, Nov. s — Knight W.
Stonebreaks, York, clothier, Oct. 19 — Last
J. Brighton, builder, Nov. 15 — Lewis T. Bcd-
niinster, Somerst-;, bacon- factor, Oct. 14 —
Littler VV. Waltham Abbey, calico-printer,
Nov. 4 — Loinas H. L. Throgmorton street,
insurance-broker, Oct. 10 — Longhottom G.
Holbeck, York, clothier, Nov. 18— Lyon J.
Savage Gaulcns, merchant, Nov 4 — Macken- \
zie J. Old City Chambers, Bishopsgate street, i
merchant, Oct. 17 — Maclachlin J. Hartford I

place, Drury lane, cabinet-maker, Oct. 04 1

M'Caithy G. P. and R. W. Vaughan, Bristol,
tai.'ois, Nov. 4 — Milhurn W. Clifton, York,
tanner, Oct. 10— M'Kinnell J. Cleckbeatoo,
York, linen-draper, Nov. 29 — Moon J. Man-
cluster, and W. Maymon, Haslingdon, Lan-
east- r, < otton -manufacturers, Oct. 26 — Mor-
ley R. Old-street, money-scrivener, Nov. 18
— V. orris C. Bustinthorpe, York, manufac-
turer, Nov. 21— Moyle T. Newcastle, Staf-
ford, diaper, Oct. 81, Nov. 14 — Newman H.
Skmner street, currier, Nov. 4 — Parker J.
Ring, cot', Hants, grocer, Nov. 4 — ParkesJ.

Horsleydown, wine-merchant, Nov. 1 |_par--
rott W. J. Leighton Buzzard, Beds, wine-
merchant, Nov. 13— Parry J. and J. Pickman,
Deptford, merchants, Nov. 7 — Parsons J.
Cheapside, warehouseman, Oct. 2b — Pa, sons
I. sen. and Jan. Lud^ate Hill, books* Hers,
Oct 14 — Parsons J. and W. Daniel, St. Mar-
tin's lane, hair-merchants, Nov. 11 — Par-
tridg,- R. Clement's inn, merchant, Nov. ]|
— Partridge VV. ami W. Rose, Bowbridge,
Gloeester, dyers, Nov. 23— Pearkes B. Wor-
cester, tea-dealer, Oct. 17— Pearso.. J. A and
T. Spence, Blackburn, Lancaster, corn-deal-
ers, Oct. 19— PtarsonS. D. Beverley, York,
flax-dresser, Nov. 4— Phelps S. late of Gros-
venor Place, merchant, but now a prisoner in
the Fleet, Nov 4— Prentis J. Boston, York,
dealer and chapman, Nov. ] — Prockter S.
Leeds, York, oilman, Nov. 11 — Rasell R,
Shoreham, Kent, shopkeeper, Nov. 7— Rich-
ards R. Cornhill, bookseller, Nov. 21— Ro-
bertson J. Lydd, Kent, linen-draper, Oct. 21
— Rolls R. L. Sou t ham, Warwick, money-
scrivener, Nov. 2— Roxburgh J. Winchester
street, Oct. 21 — Salisbury J. Exeter, cabinet-
maker, Nov. 9— Samuel" R High street, St.
Giles's, linen-draper, Nov. 16— Sanders G.
Ayr street, Piccadilly, victualler, Nov. 4—
Schneider J. H. Bow Lane, merchant, Feb. 2
— Shawford W. C. Albany, Piccadilly, con"
fee turner, Nov. 7— Sissons J. Hull, merchant,
Nov. 7— Smith T. Brandon, Suffolk, wine-
merchant, Oct. 26— Smith J. H. Water lane,
Tower street, wine-merchant, Nov. 4 — Smith
J. G. Hoxton, merchant, Nov. IS — Sumner
S. Foster lane, wholesale linen-draper, Nov.
7— Swallow R. Atterclift'e Forge, Sheffield,
iron-master, Oct. 14— Swire S, Halifax, York,
merchant, Nov. 8— Tate R. Manchester, gro-
cer, Oct. 19— Taylor VV. Earswick, York,
beast-jabber, Nov 3 — Thompson W. junior,

Wolverhampton, Stafford, grocer, Oct. 85

Tinney VV. Cambridge, surgeon, Jan 15

Towne W. Deptford, bookseller, Nov. 4

TownsendJ. Liverpool, merchant, Oct. 25

Treloar T. jun. Peuryn, brewer, Nov. 10

TioKe J JSew Sarum, Wdts, culler, Oct. 31
— - Tubb VV. auei .1. H. A. Scott, King's road,
Pim'ico, nurserymen, Nov. 11 — Watson J.
sen and jun. and J. Watson, Preston, Lan-
caster, cotton-spinners, Oct. 26 — Waugh C.
Blackburn, Lancaster, linen-draper, Oct. 19
— V» ay E. Henrietta street, Cavendish square,
wine-merchant, Nov. 4— Weedou J. Albioa
Place, hosier, Oct. 31 — V etherhy T. Great
St. Thomas Apostle, ironmonger, Oct. 21 —
White W. Apperley Bridge, Yo k, merchants
Oct. 28 — Wilcox D. Liverpool, sail maker,
Oct. 31 — Williams C. sea. Turnbam Green,
butcher, Oct. 21— Williams J. Ramncy iron-
works. Monmouth, shop-keeper, Oct. 27

Wills T. H. Lamb's Conduit street, linen-
diaper, Oct. 14— Wilson R. Liverpool, farrier,
(let. 17— -Wray E. Henrietta street, Cavendish
square, wine-merchaut, Nov. 4 — Wright VV.
Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicester, draper, Nov. 4
— Wyatt H. R. S. Jones, C Shepperd, and
N. P. Top, Duke street, Aldgite, painters,
Nov. 14— Young T Baitlctt's Buildings, Hol-
born, jun. Nov 16.

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35 1
METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL for September, 1809*

Conducted, at Manchester, by Thomas Hanson, Esq.

1 I60Q;

Pressztre.

Temperature.

Raiiiy

Wind.

Weather.

SEPT.

Max.

D.'in.

Mean.

Max.

Mia.

1 Mean.

> »

29,7 0

29,68

29,660

70,5"

5l,»0

60,75

clear

29,62

29,48

29,550

63,0

51,0

57,00

cloudy

—

29,48

29,45

29,465

67,0

58,0

62,50

fine

—

29,52

29,48

29,500

71,5

56,5

64,00

cloudy

.025

Calm

29,48

29,38

29,430

66,0

58,5

62,25

gloomy

—

Calm

29,38

29,28

29,330

67,5

5 8,0

62.75

showery

.430

29,15

29,08

29,115

68,0

57,5

62,75

cloudy

.040

29,35

29,08

29,215

64,5

59,5

62,00

cloudy

9 9

29,58

29,35

29,465

64,5

50,5

55,50

cloudy

—

29,52

29,48

29,500

64,5

55,0

59,75

showery

.170

' N

29,6o

29,52

29,560

6l,5

47,0

54,25

showery

.035

29,68

29,60

29,640

59,0

44,0

51,50

cloudy

29,68

29,55

29,615

6l),0

43,0

51,50

cloudy

—

29,70

29,55

29,625

65,0

54,5

59,75

Cioiidy

—

Variable

30,00

29,70

29,850

65,0

54,0

59,50

fine

.110

([ 16

30,00

29,80

29,900

64,0

55,0

59,50

rainy

.170

29,82

29,80

29,810

6l,0

53,0

57,00

cloudy

—

29,82

29,22

29,520

61,5

48,0

54,75

rainy

.510

W1'

29,60

29,22

29,410

59,5

44,0

51,75

fine

.045

29,22

29,00

29,110

61,5

45,0

53,25

rainy

.300

29,60

29,55

29,575

59,0

51,0

55,00

rainy

.150

Variable''

29,55

29,40

29,475

63,0

51,5

57,25

cloudy

—

O 23

29,50

29,20

29,350

68,0

48,0

55,00

showery

•795

29,60

29,50

29,550

55,5

45,0

50,25

showery

.460

29,65

29,48

29,565

56,0

45,5

50,75

showery

130

29,75

29,55

29,650

56,0

40,o

48,00

showery

.095

\V"

29,50

29,00

29,250

56,5

48,0

52,25

showery

.365

N \VK

29,75

29,50

29,625

52,0

38,0

45,00

cloudy

.245

N W

29,85

29,75

29,800

53,0

35,0

44,00

fine

Variable

29,85

29,65

29,750

56,0

44,0

55,00

cloudy

.150

Mean

29,528

Mean

55,884

4.225/fl

RESULTS.

llean barometrical pressure, 2952s — maximum, 30. 0C — minimum, 29. 00 — range, 1.00.
The greatest variation of pressure in 24 hours, is 1.05 inches, which was on the 27th.

Mean temperature, 55°. 88— maximum, 71.^5 — minimum, 35.°o-~rar;ge, 36. J5.

The greatest variation of temperature in 24 hours, is 19. °5, which was on the 1st.

Spaces described by the barometer, 8.5 inches — number of changes, 28.

Rain, &c. this monih, 4.225 inches — number of wet days, 26 — total rain this year, 21.670 iia.

The Rev. R. A. Singleton, of Blackelcy, makes the fall of rain for Sept. 4.802 inches.

WIND.
Calm N NE E S E S S W W N W Variable
2 4 0 5 ] 3 0 10 2 3

Total number of observations, 30 — number of brisk winds, 7 — number of boisterous winds, 5.
A retrospective view of the above period will shew, that it has been for the greatest pait
cloudy and wet. The rain fell in small quantities, and in frequent showers, to the 17th ; when,
fiom the first quarter of the moon io about her fall, scarcely a day passed without very heavy
and continued showers. The wind, to th< isth, was not confined to any particular point; but,
from that period to (he close of the mouth, its general course was west, and blew for the most
part strong, frequently amounting to a hurricane. Prevailing ciouils, the cirrus, cirro-stratus,
and cumulo-siratus. We have had lightning and thunder, hut not so frequent as last month ;
on the 3d it was remarkably vivid. On the 25th there was a most beautiful rainbow in ih%
north-east, being backed by its frequent attendant, the nimbus. The mean temperature for
September, is nearly 56c, which is sJ less than that of ,ast month. The maximum took place
on the 5th, and the minimum on the 29th. The mean pressure is something more than 2y|
inches; its range has been confined to one inch: the maximum occurred on the 16th, and the
minimum on the 20th and 27th. The atmosphere has been thrown into violent commotions,
particularly about the autumnal equinox. During the first half of the month there were two
general changes, with three of inferior note. When the barometer had arrived at its maxi-
mum for the mouth, very great and rapid depressions took place; from ten o'clock P. 31. of
the 17th, to the same time of the lbth, it was lessened 6- loths, and after a contrary change,
equally rapid, it sunk to 29 inches ; therefore, in the course of five days, it shewed its maxi*
mum and minimum for the whole period ; the bnrouu tucal surface having traversed a space of
nearly two inches: indeed, the spaces and changes increased in rapidity as the equinox ap-
proached; fi<r, from the Kith io the end of the month, there were no Ies3 than sixteen cha <es,
arid the spaces made six inches. From ten o'clock P. M. of the 20th, to eisht o'clock of the
following morning, the mercury rose 4-loths and abalf; and on the 27ib, in the same time, it
sunk upwards of half an inch, t"'s last being the day that the greatest variation took place im
twgnty-four hours.

358

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE for September, 1809.

Conducted, at the Laboratory ofL. Howard, Esq. Stratford, Essex, by Mr. J.Gib<;o%\

180JJ.

Pressure.

Temperature.

i_i

Wind.

Rain

SEPTEMBER

Mai

■

: r.

Win.

ean.

Last Quarter 1

29,7 •

29,6;

-..,, >

05-

&<**'

60,0

29,59

29 630

67,5

29.60

29,59

6/,5

—

29,59

29,55

2 1,5; I

05,0

29.55

29,50

29,525

/ 1

64,5

29,50

29,35

64,5

29,36

6l,0

N W

29,54

29,36

29,450

57,5

jYetu Mam 9

N W

29,65

29,54

59,5

N VV

29,56

29,54

29,550

56,5

29,74

29,56

29,650

56,0

NVV

29,78

29,74

29,7.60

4 0

51,5

svv

29,74

29,66

29,700

56,5

e 14

29,87

29.66

29,765

59,0

aJ.',

30,04

29, 8 7

29,955

54,5

First Quarter lb

30,04

29,90

29,970

59,5

—

29,90

29,83

29,8.90

50,0

—

a 18

29,bS

29,63

" i 5

50,5

a 19

NVV

29,63

-"•9,49

29,560

51,5

a 20

S E

29,55

29,37

29,4j60

6< 1,0

c*'l

29,76

29,55

29,655

5 1

58,0

b 22

29,65

29,59

29,620

63,5

FtfM ilfoon 23

s w

29,77

29,60

29,685

57,0

b 24

29,77

2966

29,715

55,0

<?</ 25

NVV

29, »9

29,66

29,775

46,0

a 20*

29,90

29,54

29.; JO

49,5

627

S VV

29,75

29,47

29,610

5i',0

/e28

99,87

29 ; 5

29,810

44,5

6 29

N VV

29,88

29,86

29,870

46,5

S \vr

30,05

29,7«

29,9-15

5 1 ,5

JMc'un

29,668

Mean

50.8

2,1 1 in

N. IS. The iioiutionH comprised )n each line relate to a period of tweiity^four hoars, reckoned,
from nine o'clock A. M. on the day cf the date.

No.es. — a Windy weather' b .Stormy, p About 3^ P. M a hard shower, mixed whh hail:
about ten heavy rain, with lightning in the south d Small rain, nearly the whole day. e Hoar
frost, f A very heavy squall, with hail, about 2 P. M.

RESULTS — Prevailing winds, westerly. — Mean height of barometer, 29,663 inches
snom ter, 56.80. — Total of rain, 2.11 inches.

thee,

errs. &.ii: 'j-irN'V'f

PRICES

Of Fire-Ojfice, Mine, Doc!:, Canal, Water {Works. Jlrcioerj/, # Pub/ig
Institution Shares, Sfc. Sec, for Oct. 1809.

Albieo Fire & Life Assu
Atlas Fire and Life -
Eagle ditto - - - -
Globe ditto - - - -
liopc ditto - - - - -
imperial ditto - - -
Kent ditto -.»'-.
Jtock ditto ....
Common ial Dock Stock
East Cou try ditto
East India ditto - -
London ditto - - .
West In i ditto - -
Grand Junction Canal
Bennett e:i ! .Avon ditto

FOR TUNE & Co. gt<
I IfUiiral Agents, l

r. - £54 a 56 pi. sh.
Pur.

£'4 10 a 4 12 pr sh.
- £190 a I ?! ditto

• - £4 4 a 4 19 ditto

- - - £6 ) ditto
- - - - £47 ditto

- - - - 5s. ptn.
£180 per cent.

£90 a 93 per sh.
£l3u a 1.52 per cent.
- - - £126 ditto
£] 82 a 183 ditto
£219 a*22'0 per share
• - i'H to 43 ditto

>qk -Brokers and

li, Cornliill,

Croydon Ca'ial £44 pr. sh.

Wilts and Berks ------ £43 ditto

Thames and Medway - £18 a 20 per sh. piq.

East London Water-Works - 105 a I24gs pm.
West Middlesex ditto - - £136 a 137 pr. sh.
Kent ditto ----- 27 a 28gs, per sh.
Golden-lane Brewery, £80 shares £76a 83ga.
Ditto ditto £60 ditto £4gaS9gs.

British Ale ditto - - - - £47loa48gs.
Covent- Garden new shares - 24 a 25gs pm.
Folkestone Harbour - - £2 6 a 2 10 pin,
London institution - - - £34 per share

Surrey ditto - ' 24gs ditto

Vauxha.ll ttridge - - - £2 13 a 4 10 ditto

. LEWIS WOLFE and Co.

Change Alley.

vrkiiedji.-; fl. Ack^MANN, by Hnrrisnx & Rut[?r. ^3, Zlrc.d.

*TME

o^ttorp

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE,

Manufactures^ Fashions ^ and Politicsy

For DECEMBER, 1809.

SDfje 2E>xrIfe!j j^ttmbnv

EMBELLISHMENTS.

FA«H

I. & 2. Portraits of the Tyrolese Deputies, Messrs. Muller and

ScHONECHER 388

3. Representation of an Ice Life-Boat • .... - .... 392

4. The Hare, by Howitt 393

5. Ladies' Tyrolese Walking Dress • . . 402

6. Ladies' Evening Dress .............. ib.

7. Drawing-Room Chairs 411

t. Allegorical Wood-cut, with reul Patterns of British Manufactures . . ib*

CONTENTS.

361

302

PAGE

On Splendour of Colours, by Juninus 354
Classical Hours, No. II. .. . . . 338

Reflections on Chemistry, and on the
Influence of Natural Philosophy
on the Progress of Civilization
Essay on Taste, Literature, and Phi-
losophy

Letter to Amelia 307

Eighth Letter from Italy, continued 371
Of the Luxury of the Romans, by

Kotzebuc 377

Description of a Candle-Screen . 382
On the Names adopted by Insur-
ance Offices ib.

On the Improvement of Agricultu-
ral Machinery 383

Examination of the Question, Whe-
ther it was Customary for the Wo-
men of ancient Athens to frequent
the Theatre, by M, Bottiger . .
Portraits of the Tyrolese Deputies .
Substance of the Statement of the
Tyrolese Deputies ib.

380

388

Description of an Ice Life-boat . . 392

British Sports 393

Intelligence, Literary, Scientific, &c. 394
Review of New Publications . . 397

Musical Review 400

Fashions for- Ladies 402

General Observations* on Female Fa-
shions 403

Sixth Letter from a Young Lady to

her Sister \ . 404

Public Amusements 400

Retrospect, of Politics 407

Medical Report 409

Agricultural Report 410

Fashionable Furniture 411

Allegorical Wood-cut,with Patterns ib.

Poetry 412

Bankrupts and Dividends . . . 413

London Markets 414

Prices of Stocks 415

Meteorological Table — Manchester 416
Meteorological Table — London . 417
Prices of Companies' Shares . . ib.

TO OttR READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.

We earnestly solicit communications (post paid) from professors of the Arts in ge-
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ceive that the evident advantage which must accrue to both from the more extensive
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shall alivays meet with the most prompt attention.

Philalethes is informed, that his essay On the actual Situation and the future Pro-
spects of Great Britain, as affected by the new Order of Things in France and on the
Continent of Europe, will be very acceptable, provided his sentiments are not influ-
enced by party spirit, and will certainly entitle him to be a competitor for an honorary
medal.

A Neighbour and Constant Reader's communication respecting an ancient British
Coin, shall meet with early attention.

Tlie interesting narrative o/Suflblciensis shall appear next month.

We acknowledge the receipt of C.'s Tale, and niust beg leave to remind him, that,
iii a work of so miscellaneous a nature as the Repository, brevity is no small recom-
tpiendation.

I. H. R.'s Reflections on the New Year, shall, if possible, have a place in our next.

,rIn the Supplement will bf given a Memoir of the late Lieutenant-General Sir John
More, accompanied with a wood-cut of the monument erected to his memory at Co-
■runna, from a drawing transmitted to us by an officer.

We must decline the insertion of Aristides' questions, which appear to us to have a
te.idency to personality.

We are sorry that we cannot comply with the desires of a Constant Reader, and of a
Friend -• if they were acquainted with the nature of a Miscellany like our's, they would
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THE

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE,

Mamifacturesy Fashions^ and Politics ,
For DECEMBER, 1809*

SDfje SCuudfttj J^umfecr,

-The suffrage of the wise,

The praise that's worth ambition, is attainM
By sense alone, and dignity of mind.

Armstrong.

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS, &c— By Juninus,

(Continuation of Letter IV '. from page 289 .)

Miss Kitty and her aunt were
one morning seated at breakfast when
the servant announced Mr. — from
the city, and Miss Eve, a young
Jewish lady, with whom Miss K.
had recently become acquainted.
After the usual compliments, Miss
K. invited her visitors to walk up
stairs into her painting-room, and
gee what she was about, as their ju-
dicious criticisms might point out
some of her faults. " This piece of
sculpture," said she, " is by the
Hon. Mjs. Darner*, who has great
excellence in this department. The

* The Hon. Anne Seymour Darner,
daughter of the late Field-Marshal, the
Right Hon. Henry Seymour Conway, is
the widow of the Hon. John Darner, son

No. XII. Vol. II.

canvas now on the easel, has not,
you see, been long begun to be
painted on ; it is not yet dead-co-
loured, and exhibits only a few
large scrolls, harmonious and in
large parts, somewhat like the flou-
rishes of a writing-master. This is
to be Venus surrounded by Cupids,
from Spenser. I have sketched
them in with a light, transparent
colour : you see plainly in this state,
that all the figures and other ob-
jects make the parts of a few har-
monious flourishes. That picture I
have almost finished; it is Lausus
defending his father, Mezentius,

of the late Earl of Dorchester, then Lord
Milton, to whom she was married in 1 767.
He died in 1770, and she has since con-
tinued unmarried.

S5i

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOUltS.

against iEneas, from tlie tenth book
of Virgil's Mneid*

" As a painter," said Miss Eve,
" I will not pretend, Miss K. to
to compare myself with you, but I
am an enthusiast for the study. I
have read a great deal on the sub-
ject; I paint in oil, crayons, and
miniature. I first took a fancy for
painting in miniature from my ad-
miration of a little female head in
white drapery, with a ribbon in the
hair, which is at the door of a jew-
eller's shop in Leadenhall-street. I
have often stopped a quarter of an
hour at a time, to study that little
head. The names of painters are
familiar to me ; but though I am
not such a proficient in the arts as
yourself, yet I may chance to know
some things, even in the art of paint-
ing, to which you are a stranger."

Mr. now took his leave, pro-
mising to call in the afternoon for
Miss Eve.

" This garden," observed Miss
K. " is very pleasant to walk in. It
has a summer-house in it. Here
we can often study fruit, flowers,
plants, &c. 'Tis very improving
in colouring. It is said of John
van Huysum, the celebrated flower-
painter, that he cultivated the most
beautiful flowers, and generally
painted them from nature, in a sum-
mer-house in his garden. Such a
situation is also very free from dust,
which is so persecuting to many
painters in oil. I always try to be
in a place as free from dust as pos-
sible when I am painting. I was
the other day. painting a picture,
and after leaving it about an hour,
it was all over dust and hairs. My
favourite cat Romeo had got into
the room, had been playing about,
made a great dust, and been walk-

ing backwards and forwards upon
the ledge that supports the picture,
and rubbing his sides against it. He
afterwards went and lay upon some
of my aunt's caps, and painted
them."

" 1 was worse served than that,'*
replied Miss Eve. " A few days
since, I had just finished the mini-
ature of a young lady, and put the
key of the room in my pocket, that
it might be safe. I thought I had
never succeeded so well in any
portrait. When I returned I found
that two large flies, of the sort called
blue bottles, had, with their large
suckers, eaten away the young la-
dy's lips, part of her cheek, and a
rose in her bosom. Sugar-candy
had been mixed with these colours.
I opened the window, and said,
* Fly away quick, O you black de-
vils ! you don't know what mischief
you have done.'"

" 'Tis said," rejoined Miss K.
" of Gerard Dow, one of the cele-
brated high finishers, that his paint-
ing-room was in a garden, by the
side of a canal, to avoid the dust;
that he pounded his colours in crys-
tal; that he had Dutch tiles at the
wainscot, to prevent dust from lodg-
ing; that he locked up his pallet
and brushes when he had done
painting ; and that when he began,
he rested himself a little till all the
dust was laid. It is also reported,
that this painter, like Michael An-
gelo Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Sir
Joshua Reynolds, and others, had a
window on the top of his painting-
room, to throw a better effect of
light and shadow. There is one
very great fault in our theatres. The
lights come from below, from what
are called the stage-lights. This
extremely weakens the expression.

ON SPLENDOUIt OP COLOURS.

3.55

Could if be contrived, after the ex-
ample of the great masters of effect,
to make the lights come from above,
the passions would be expressed
with a thousand times the character
and energy that they now are. But,
as I was observing, it is said, that
Van Huysum's reputation arose, in
a great measure, from painting from
select and beautiful flowers in his
garden. I also believe, that it arose
a great deal more from his knowing
what he was about. His father
and grandfather were both eminent
painters. They (or at least his fa-
ther) no doubt communicated to him
their rules of art, their mixtures,
and other particulars ; so that his
system wras the result of the expe-
rience of three generations. If we
consult the lives of famous artists,
we shall find how great a propor-
tion of eminent painters have been
the sons of painters ; and of the
celebrated female painters, three
fourths have been the daughters of
painters : which shews how much
pupils are indebted to a right me-
thod of proceeding in their studies.
Many a first-rate genius is no doubt
lost for want of these advantages. It
occurs to me, that Raphael, Hol-
bein, Udine, the four brothers, B;is-
sano, Velvet Breughel, Tenters,
Paul Potter, Vandenvelde, Cuyp,
Both, Borzoni, Laroon, Mouche-
ron, Zuccheri, Grilher, P. Roos,
called Rosa diTivoli, and his bro-
ther, Melchior Roos, Gybrecht,
IIondekocter,and many others whom
I could mention, were the sons of
painters. Some were instructed by
other relatives : Paul Veronese and
Cooper by their uncles ; many by
their brothers and cousins. Such
are most of the Caracci, Gaspar
Poussin, Parmegianoj and many
more.

" I will acquaint you, Miss Eve,
with my method of copying the
works of others. This is done by
all great painters, as well as poets
and olher writers, the most eminent
in every department of literature.
It makes so great a force, that in-
dividual power is as weakness to be
deplored, when compared to it. I
will shew you how I rob the an-
tique ; how I steal from Michael An-
gelo Buonarotti, from Raphael Ur-
bino, Parmegiano, the Caracci, and
from the best colonrists, without be-
ing perceived. I ay ill teach you,
if you don't know how, to be a si v,
lovely pilferer in these particulars. "

Miss Eve. — " I am very fond of
prints, and possess a good coll 'ction
of them. Suppose, for the sake of
variety, we consider some of your's
a little. Do you understand tholrt
of engraving, miss?

Miss K. — u I amuse myself with
almost every art, Miss Eve, though
I profess none. I will tell you a
little what I think about engraving,
and some engravers. This is cer-
tainly a very ingenious art. Prints
wereunknownto the ancients. There
are, Miss Eve, several methods of
engraving. Engraving in the stroke
or line manner for prints, is said to
have been invented by a goldsmith
at Florence, about the year 1460;
engraving on wood by Albert Durer,
the celebrated painter, in 151 L;
etching in aqua-fortis, by Parmeei-
auo, in 1536 ; mezzotinto, bv Prince
Rupert, nephew to King Charles I.
in 1648; the representation of wash-
ed drawings in aquatint, by LJaralle,
or, as others say, by Le Prince, both
Frenchmen, in 176 1 ; engraving to
imitate crayon drawings, by Bon-
net, at Paris, in 1769 ; but I do not
much rely on such accounts. Se-
3B2

OS SPLENftOUft OF COLOURS.

veral otliers have contended for the
invention of mezzotint : among the
rest, it has been ascribed to Sir
Christopher Wren, the architect.
It is not improbable that the first
discoverers of all these methods are
unknown. Americus, who only made
the second voyage to America, is
honoured by having his name given
to that vast continent, instead of
Columbus, the original discoverer."

Miss Eve. — 5* In what country,
and what period, do you think en-
graving has been best practised?"

Miss K. — " About 150 years ago,
in France. We have no portraits
of <he eighteenth century that, are
to be compared with many by An-
thony Masoon and some others, who
lived , about the middle of the seven-
teenth, at Paris."

iMiss Eve. — " Whom do you
think the best engraver of the pre-
sent day?"

Miss K. — " Raphael Morghen.
There is none able to contend with
him in this art at present. Francis
Bartolozzi was, a few years ago, the
best of his time ; but he is now very
old. He is the son of a goldsmith at
Florence, and was born there in Sep-
tember, 1728. In November 1803, he
left this country, after residing here
about 40 j'ears, and went to Lisbon.
H isDipIoma of the Roy al Academy,
from Cipriani ; and Morghen's Last
Supper, from Leonardo da Vinci,
are the two best prints engraved
during the last fifty years."

Miss Eve. — " Who do you think,
Miss K. was the best engraver that
has been born in England ?"

Miss A". — "A young man, the son
of a wood-cutter in Sussex, where
he was born about the year 1753.
His name was John Keys Shcrwin.
He died in 1790. He could draw

almost as well as his master, Bnrfn.
lozzi. For freedom and truth in the
perspective of the stroke, he was
superior to any engraver that has
ever practised the art. For breadth
of touch, and breadth in the masses,
he excelled every English engraver;
and he comprehended and engrav-
ed so quick, that we have a great
number of prints by him. My aunt
was acquainted with this young
man. He was also a painter ; and,
when quite a lad, obtained the gold
medal of the Royal Academy, for a
picture of Coriolanus taking leave
of his Family. She says, that he
was a very handsome young man,
and very ingenious ; but extremely
inconsiderate and careless of his mo-
ney, to such a degree, that, like the
late ingenious George Morland, he
was often involved in pecuniary
difficulties. I have prints, by a
great many engravers, so classed
and methodized in my portfolio,
that I can at any time find such as
I want very readily. I have prints
by Mark Antonio Raimondi, call-
ed Raphael's engraver ; Mantigna,
Goltzius, Call of, de la Bella, Tem-
pesta, Lutcnsach, Metelli, Wester-
man, Bolsvaert, Blomaert, Sadelers,
Cort, Kilian, Agastino, Coxis, Hol-
lar, Audran, Masoon, Edclinck,
Drevet, Dorigny, knighted for en-
graving the cartoons ; Houbraken,
Picart, Balechou, Wagner, who was
Bartolozzi's master; Piranesc, the
architectural engraver; le Bas, le
Mire, Volpato, Fiquet, Poilly, Mel-
lin, Cochin, Wille, Bervic, Cnne-
go, Morghen, Schmids, Bartoli, and
many others, particularly of this
country. Some of the above were
painters. I have also some by other
painters, as Rembrandt, Salvator
Rosa, Tenia's, Brouwer, Berghem,

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS.

357

&c. These last are chiefly etch-
ings."

Miss Eve. — " Who were the best
engravers in mezzotint ?"

Miss K. — " George White, son
of Robert White, a painter: he liv-
ed near 100 years ago. John Smith,
who lived about the same time, is
supposed to be the second in excel-
lence. The next best are tli ought
to be, James M'Ardell, Richard
Houston, Edward Fisher, John Fa-
ber, John Dixon, .lames Watson,
Richard Earlom, Raphael Smith,
the two Wards, pupils of the pre-
ceding, Reynolds, Turner,Willinm
Doughty, Thomas Fry, J. Finlay-
Son."

Miss Eve. — " Who are the best
on wood ?"

Miss R. — " The following six :
Austin, Bewick, Branston, C. Nes-
bit, Clennel, and Hole, who have
lately much improved the art in
this country.

Miss Eve. — "Who in aquatint ?"
Miss/t .— "Paul Sandby* and Mrs.
Catherine Mary Preslal. This lady,
a native of Germany, died of a de-
cline, a few years ago, at Kentish-
town. The aqua-fortis was supposed
to have shortened her life. We have
also a great number of living artists
who excel in this line, and have
produced performances that have
astonished the connoisseurs of all
nations. Of these, the principal are,
Metz, Alkin, Daniel, Havel, Black,

* At the moment we were preparing
this article for the press, we learned that
this artist died on the 8th November,
1809, at the venerable age of 84- years.
He was the first who introduced the art
of aquatintrng, with great improvements,
into this country.

Stadler, Lewis, and Hill. In the
stipple manner, many have hud
much merit. Eight of the best that
practise it at present in this coun-
try, are, Schiavonetti, Tomkins,
and Cheeseman, pupils of Burtoloz-
zi ; Cardon, Agar, Holl, Bromley,
and Knight." "

Miss Eve. — " W hat do youthink
are the rules that an engraver should
practise to make his prints excel-
lent ?"

Miss it". — " Draw well. Pay par-
ticular attention to three things :
accuracy, solidity, variety."

Miss Eve. — " What think you
of a fourth — harmony ?"

Miss K. — " Those three which I
have mentioned, Miss Eve, follow
each other in succession, and are
very general. The rules for engrav-
ing are the same as those for draw-
ing ; both methods profess to imi-
tate nature. Engraving has, of late
years, been much improved in this
country, by observing the tone, that
is, keeping the flesh, and such parts,
of a lower tint than the white linen,
&c; and also by discrimination, by
not dividing the masses in the lights
and shadows, and by biting over
again, as it is termed. This method
was first practised, about fifty yrars
ago, by William Walker, who com-
municated his discovery to Wool-
lett ; and it was chiefly by this that
the latter was enabled to put so much
force into his prints. I attempted,
some time ago, to stipple, and found
that my work looked very inferior,
till examining Holl's prints with a
magnifying glass, I found that all
the dots were of the same size, cut
two or three near each other, as we
mottle in miniature, and wide or
close, according to perspective. 1
followed this method, and now found

S5S

CLASSICAL HOURS.

my work come somewhat nearer the
mark. I will shew you a print of
it, and also prints of every other
method which I have attempted. —

Next, Miss Eve, we will consider ih(*
prints of some engravers, and I will
mention the rules that produced
their merits. " Juninus.

CLASSICAL HOURS.

No. ir.

On the Advantages of cultivating a Taste for the pure and simple Pleasures of

Literature.

It is a fact which can never be
controverted, that man, in every
stage of society, is addicted to the
pursuit of pleasure ; the savage and
the sage, the philosopher and the
warrior, arc all equally inclined to
the attainment of felicity, and all
equally desirous to secure a perpe-
tuity of happiness. The benignant
Creator of the universe seems to
have endowed mankind with facul-
ties peculiarly susceptible of plea-
sure and delight ; and, in conse-
quence, it becomes the business of
every one, almost from his first en-
trance into life, to hunt after objects
of pleasurable sensation, and avoid
every tendency to pain or disap-
pointment. If all pleasures were in
their nature innocent, and left be-
hind no stings of remorse and anxi-
ety, still man would inevitably soon
feel the approaches of languor,
whilst indulging in a round of mere
sensual gratifications, and earnestly
sigh for some more permanent spe-
cies of felicity; a felicity which
might gently affect his mind and
imagination, without straining his
faculties in such a degree as to pro-
duce subsequent pain. But as the
world is now constituted, it becomes
the duty of the moralist, not only
to guard mankind against excess in
their pleasures, but also to warn
them against such as -are accompa-

nied by vice and criminality. He
therefore is not the true friend to
mankind who recommends to his
fellow-creatures a continual absti-
nence from every gratification, but
he who points out to their notice
those delights which are most dura-
ble, and at the same time consistent
with virtue. It must, without he-
sitation, be allowed, that religion is
the source of the most exalted hap-
piness that any human being can
enjoy. Religion alone inspires the
soul with a perfect dependance on
the goodness and love of the Deity,
and diffuses over the mind that
calmness and serenity, which inevi-
tably proceed from a conviction of
his mercy and benevolence towards
his creatures. But another sort of
pleasure, most grateful to the mind
of man, arises from the exercise of
the understanding in literary pur-
suits, and in the study and admira-
tion of the various works of human
genius.

A life devoted to the elegant oc-
cupations of the muses, will afford
more solid gratification to an un-
corrupted mind, than voluptuous-
ness can offer with all her allure-
ments, or than intemperance, with
her crew of bacchanals, has power
to bestow. It may not be a useless
occupation to descant a little on the
advantages and pleasures which.

CLASSICAL HOURf.

SjO

proceed from study and meditation ;
advantages such as every being en-
dowed with understanding must de-
sire to appropriate. When we hear
of the wisdom of Socrates or Xeno-
phon, or of the wit and accomplish-
ments of Horace or Cicero ; when
we reflect on the knowledge and
elegance of Addison, or the erudi-
tion and vigorous powers of John-
son, we feel a sentiment of regret,
that we are no longer able to enjoy
the company, or profit by the con-
versation, of these illustrious sages.
Happy indeed Avere those who could
avail themselves of opportunities
now irrecoverably lost; whose ima-
ginations were delighted, and whose
hearts were improved, by the fellow-
ship and society of these lights of
mankind. But though for a time
we lament our inability to meet
with these men in the present day,
yet, by the happy invention of
printing, we are not left totally un-
profited by their benign exertions.
We cannot indeed converse with
them in person, but by the help of
books we can imbibe their senti-
ments; we are unable to hear them
speak or communicate their opinions
with their tongues, but we can still
read their compositions, and profit
by their precepts. Thus, though
they are absent from us, they may
still be said to be partly present to
us. Though their bodies may for
ages have been deposited in the si-
lent tomb, the noblest part of them,
their mind, their opinions, and
their sentiments, still remain for our
instruction, and are still essentially
with us. What pleasure then must j
be communicated to an ingenuous i
mind, to a mind uncontaminated |
with vicious indulgences, by the re- !
flection, that the man who wants!

not the inclination, possesses also
the power of conversing, by the as-
sistance of literature, with those il-
lustrious dead ! The student, shut
up in his library, and surrounded
by his books, may well consider
himself in the company of all the
ancient and modern sages. He
may hear Livy describing the pas-
sage of the Alps, Cicero declaiming
against the treachery of Catiline,
and Horace and Juvenal ridiculing
the follies or vices which degraded
and enervated the mistress of the
world. He may fancy himself in
the society of the wisest men of all
ages and all nations, and those too
delivering their most refined and
choicest sentiments on the most im-
portant and interesting subjects.
We may indeed almost venture to
assert, that if pure and rational hap-
piness is any where to be found,
except in the temples of religion,
she resides in the studies of the
learned, and sweetens all their la-
bours. The cultivation of a taste
for literature is the source of ratio-
nal and innocent entertainment ; it is
a powerful preservative from vice,
and contributes to excite in the
soul a love of virtue. The mind
was formed to be the noblest part of
man, though many so miserably de-
grade it. The pleasures of sense
are all transitory in their nature,
and have a direct tendency to de-
base the soul ; while, on the con-
trary, intellectual pursuits delight
us the more we are engaged id them,
and when their novelty is worn off,
still retain their charms. They
strengthen and invigorate the facul-
ties of the mind, and render it ca-
pable of manly exertion ; they in-
spire cheerfulness and serenity, and
produce an exquisite gratification

SCO

CLASSICAL HOURS,

to the mental powers ; as much su-
perior to any thing of a sensual na-
ture, as the nature of the soul is su-
perior to that of the body.

No finer eulogium on the plea-
sures of literature exists, than what
Cicero pronounced in his oration
for the poet Archias : "Other stu-
dies," said he, "are not suited to
every time, to every age, and to
every place; but these give strength
in youth, and joy in old age ; adorn
prosperity, and are the comfort and
consolation of ad vers it 3' ; at home
they are delightful, and abroad
they are easy ; at night they are
company to us; when we travel
they attend us, and in our rural re-
tirements they do not forsake us."
Cicero, it should be remembered,
was an example of literary excel-
lence, and therefore himself experi-
enced the advantages which this
passage enumerates. He also added
his own example to his testimony :
for it is recorded of him, that dur-
ing the troubles in which his coun-
try was involved, he found that con-
solation in study, which the pur-
suits of ambition could not afford
him ; and alleviated his personal ca-
lamities and misfortunes, by the
pleasures of philosophy and compo-
sition. Another conspicuous ad-
vantage of a taste for literature is,
the constant occupation which it
affords the mind, and the power it
possesses of repelling temptations to
vice and licentiousness. Few in-
stances can be adduced of striking
immorality or flagitiousness in those
who have been devoted to literary
pursuits. Those who may be men-
tioned are such as possessed great
natural genius, without dedicating
their time to its cultivation, and pass-
ed their lives in action, rather than

in meditation. From the first pe-
riod in which man is endowed with
the use of his reasoning faculties,
there is a constant struggle between
the animal and intellectual powers.
These endeavour to raise man above
mortality, those to sink and degrade
him to a level with the brutes j what-
ever state therefore tends to increase
the predominance of reason over the
sensual desires, is favourable to the
interests of virtue and religion. No
man can give up his time or his ta-
lents to literary pursuits, without
soon experiencing a decided prefer-
ence for intellectual pleasure : he is,
by his favourite employments, sepa-
rated from the common herd of
mankind, and his hours pass away
unclouded by intemperance and
folly, and undisturbed by the intra*
sions of the vicious and abandoned.
Happy indeed is that man who has
early imbibed and cultivated a taste
for the pure and innocent pleasures
which literature affords ! Whilst
his fellow- creatures are tormented
by the stings of remorse, and filled
with anxiety at the approach of
disease ; whilst some are toiling for
riches which they cannot enjoy,
and others seeking gratifications
which are followed by languor and
pain, he possesses that calm and
equable happiness, which the gene-
rality of men, from ignorance, are
unable to appreciate. All the stores
of nature and intellect, combine for
his amusement and instruction. His
fancy and his understanding are
equally delighted by the discovery
of truth and its luminous irradia-
tions ; care and trouble fly from his
dwelling, and his endeavours in the
cause of learning, are rewarded by
permanent felicity.

soi

REFLECTIONS ON CHEMISTRY, AND ON THE INFLUENCE
OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY ON THE PROGRESS OF CI-
VILIZATION.

A love of novelty, and an ar-
dent desire to unfold the latent mys-
teries of nature, has ever been one
of the most restless and insatiable of
human passions. From this source
have sprung the various arts, by
■which mankind has gradually been
civilized ; hence, chemistry, which
is now so rapidly advancing' towards
perfection, took its origin. In the
first ages of the world, when the
knowledge of men was more limited,
and the arts confined within a nar-
rower sphere, each improvement in
so strikingly wonderful a science as
chemistry, astonished the narrow-
minded bulk of the people, who
ascribed supernatural powers to
those who practised it \ nor have
many centuries elapsed since these
conclusions of fond credulity have
been dispelled by the emanations of
philosophy.

But whether the philosophy which
has now spread its influence so wide-
ly over this more civilized portion
of the globe, be really conducive
to the future interests of society and
religion, is a question of great and
doubtful importance. Bigotted su-
perstition characterized the age
which has immediately preceded
that in which we live. A specious.
although false freedom of thought,
and sophistical conclusions on mat-
ters of eternal moment, appear now
to have become universal. Bold and
spirited decisions in metaphysics,
although praiseworthy and innocent
in themselves, have paved the way
to a practical depravity, founded
on the theory of irreligion : for
No. XII. Vol. II.

| those who are either unable or un-
worthy to comprehend the mild doc-
trines of Christianity, suppose, by
rash assertions of the truth of their
own distempered doctrines, by pro-
fessing what is falsely termed, the
religion of nature^ that they may
conceal their own ignorance, or af-
ford an excuse for the dissoluteness
and profanity of their mode of life.
But leaving the solution of this
question to more profound theolo-
gians, let us proceed to trace the in-
fluence of natural philosophy on the
progress of civilization. Its first at-
tempts to increase the physical com-
forts of life, were attended with suc-
cess : in the earliest ages men knew
the method of fusing the useful me-
tals, although they were unacquaint-
ed with many things which are now
ranked amongst the most common
operations of chemistry. As the so-
cieties of men perceived tiie neces-
sity of depending on each other for
their mutual convenience and sub-
sistence, the arts and sciences soon
arrived at a greater degree of per-
fection ; and, easily captivated by
the wonderful, many men pursued
the study of chemistry with a de-
gree of ardour and perseverance
perhaps unexampled in these later
ages. The arts of witchcraft and
sorcery were expressly foi bidden by
the Jewish laws, laws which were
dictated by God hinuelf. Why
then is it ridiculous to believe that
men formerly existed, who ouidd,
by arts known only to themselves^
effect causes seemingly supernatu-
ral? Should things not in existence
3C

J62

ON TASTE, LITERATURE, AND PHILOSOPHY.

have been forbidden by (lie Deiiy ?
Wo read moreover in the New Tes-
tament, that, as a proofof submis-
sion to the doctrines of St. Paid, the
Corinthians burned many and very
valuable books, in which doubtless
■were contained many magical se-
crets. But since the coming of our
Saviour, no well authenticated proofs
ol'magic have been produced : hence
it is reasonable to conclude, either,
that the power of resorting to super-
natural agency has been no longer
permitted by the Almighty, or that

the secrets by which such things
were effected, have perished in the
wreck of ages. Chemistry, however,
has now taken a more certain course :
its practical operations are well
founded on theory, and the result
of each experiment is almost de-
cided before the trial. The vague
and uncertain essays by which it
was some time since characterized,
have now subsided into a system,
useful to society, and founded on
the invariable deductions of proof
and experience.

ESSAY ON TASTE, LITERATURE, AND PHILOSOPHY.

dwell in a monarch's palace and in
the cottage of the labourer ; adorning
elevated, as well as humble compo-
sitions, or the works of art : it wil-

ON TASTE.

Tins word has two general signi-
fications : one literal or primitive,
relating to corporeal sensations ; the
other figurative, referring to mental
discernment, operation, and choice.
A passage in Addison, as quoted by
Johnson, will exemplify both :—
" This metaphor would not have
been so general, had there not been
a conformity between mental taste
and that sensitive taste which gives
us a relish of every flavour."

Intellectual taste being the sub-
ject of this essay, may be defined
a nice operation of the mind, either
in producing or selecting what is
elegant and pleasing, far from
coarseness and vulgarity.

Unadorned simplicity, purify,
nicety, delicacy, harmonious pro-
portion, may be considered as a na-
tural gradation from rusticity to
taste, bordering on grandeur and
elevation, as these do on sublimity.

Taste shuns pomp, ostentation,
gaudincss, affectation; and is attend-
ed by neatness, order, S3'mmetry,
arrangement ; to which it imparts
animation, and equally delights to

lingly associates with nature, ele-
gance, and comfort, and but seldom
with magnificence and splendour.

The productions of the higher
sciences, such as mathematics, me-
taphysics, &c. and whatever is
grand and elevated, seem not to be
susceptible of taste, or but sparing-
ly, and introduced with great pre-
caution, as it may diminish the ef-
fect of truth, or of the sublime. To
say that the Olympian Jupiter of
Phidias has taste, would be a satire,
and an encomium ou the Venus of
Praxiteles.

Theological compositions, as they
relate to the highest subjects, may
only admit taste and elegance in
those parts respecting the inculca-
tion of moral duties ; and, even in
this case, a degree of them will suf-
fice, and must be introduced with
judgment, for fear of lowering the
main object ; for, as Johnson sub-
limely says, " Omnipotence can-
not be exalted ; infinity cannot bo

ON TASTE, LITERATURE, AND PHILOSOPHY.

363

•amplified ; perfection cannot be im-
proved. "

The true province of taste is po-
etry, eloquence, and the fine arts,
of which it is the soul, and without
-which they are inanimate. Even in
them, however, it should never be
so predominant as to destroy the ef-
fects of nature, but it should invi-
sibly give animation to the subject,
without overpowering truth.

" Rien n'cst beau que !e vrai ; le vrai scul est

ainiable :
" II doit regaer par tout, ct meme dans la

fable."

These lines of Boileau deserve to
be remembered, as well as the fol-
lowing of Tasso, in describing Ar-
Biida's palace, its ornaments, and
gardens :

** E quel, clie'l bello, e'l cavo acciesce all' opre,
" L'arte, die tutto fa, nulla si scopre."

Taste being' originally the gift of
nature, the philosopher, as well as
the illiterate, may possess it in an
eminent degree : both will be struck
with its effects, its misapplication,
or its total absence. The difference
between them will be, that the for-
mer is able to give a reason for his
sentiments, whilst the latter will go
no farther than merely to express
his sensations : and as reason is the
pre-eminent characteristic of man,
the superiority of the one over the
other, is as great as that of a rustic
over a brute.

" Felix qui potuit remni co^uoscere causas."
Natural ta^tc can only be im-
proved by study in general, which
expands the mind, and the conver-
sation of enlightened persons and
that of good artists.

It is observable, that many pro-
ductions of tiie Goihic times were
admired, by the contemporaries of
their authors, for their taste; which,
in more enlightened periods, have
either been consumed to oblivion,

or looked upon as barbarous. This
evidently proves, that real good
taste must be accompanied by know-
ledge, reason, and judgment, in or-
der to obtain the admiration of pos-
terity ; as is the case in the produc-
tions of the Greeks and Romans,
and, for the above reason, not of the
Egyptians.

Unblest must be the person who is
void oftheloveof knowledge, of the
fine arts, and of taste; and what an
ample field of gratification and de-
light is before one of an opposite cha-
racter ! Even an Hottentot, gifted
by nature with a desire of improve-
ment and ingenuity, will find means
to ameliorate his condition.

Opulent persons, of a neglected
education, but naturally possessing
taste and a love of knowledge, may
enjoy a great degree of laudable
gratification, by being patrons of
learning and of the fine arts ; par-
ticularly if their conduct in this
respect be delicate, and free from
ostentation. Such was the amiable
character of the elder Cosmo de
Medicis, the father of his country,
whose friendship towards the great
Michael Angelo Buonaroti would be
alone sufficient to immoitalize his
name.

Taste being so various, and de-
pending on so many circumstances,
physical as well as moral, we ought
to be circumspect in condemning
that of others, if we wish to avoid
giving keen offence, by wounding
their self-love.

Many are the authors, some of
celebrity, who have written on this
subject, but very few of them are
without prolixity and metaphysical
definitions ; pretending to fix, by
imaginary laws, the standard of
taste, which may better be guided
by reason, judgment, and common

ON TASTE, LITERATURE, AXD PHILOSOPHY.

sense. They may, however, be pe-
rused with advantage by careful
and judicious readers, who are de-
sirous of ampler information than
the limits of an humble essay will
admit of. We wish to avoid

H Professus grandia turget."
ON LITERATURE.

By what slow degrees mankind
must hjive emerged from a state of
ignorance and barbarity, to that of
being able, by means of little lines,
called letters, to express such an im-
mense variety of inlinilely diversi-
fied ideas! This wonderful ingenuity
and skill, the result of the successive
and united effortsof ages, by becom-
ing familiar and common, has ceased
to excite the admiration of indolent
and superficial minds, in the same
manner as the wonders of nature,
the sublime beauties of the sky, and
the divine order of the universe.
The invention of printing greatly
iiicreases this pleasing wonder.
With what facility this admirable
art multiplies and communicates
ideas, transmitting them to future
generations! All this, together with
other human faculties, clearly evinee
the superiority of civilized man over
savage life and the brute creation :
and were it not for the manifold
abuses of writing and printing, and
were they directed to virtuous pur-
poses, to uprightness, justice, and
peace, this world would be a para-
dise. They are, however, similar
to fire, which is so necessary and
so destructive.

Various are the opinions of au-
thors concerning the origin of let-
ters. The Indians, the Chinese,
the Chaldeans, the Arabians, the
Egyptians, the Phoenicians, have
respectively their pretensions to that
honour. Qui potuit tantas compo.
ncre lltes ? What seems probable

is, that the country which, by if*
feitility and happy temperature of
climate, can easily support its inha-
bitants, facilitate human society, and

stands the least in need of others for
procuring the primary articles of
life, has consequently the best claim.
The people of such a country as
above described, must have formed
the first society on earth; and by
communicating to one another their
wants, must have invented tools to
cultivate their land and build huts
for their shelter. Even the beavers
give this example to man. Improve-
ments, though slow, must have fol-
lowed. By observing the beauties
of the sky, the regular changes of
the seasons, and the various produc-
tions of nature, their minds must
have expanded, and invented signs
to communicate their thoughts on
striking subjects and events. Hence
the earliest observations on astro-
nomy, attributed to the Chaldeans,
embracing the period of 1903 years,
which Alexander sent from Baby-
lon, through Callisthenes, to his pre-
ceptor, Aristotle. This circum-
stance, however, is not sufficient to
prove, that the Chaldeans were the
first inventors of letters, though
more ancient than the Egyptians,
whose marshy country must have
required many centuries before it
became thoroughly inhabitable: — ■
hence the very old proverb, Tra-
didit Mgyptis Babylon, JEgypli
Achivis.
An industrious nation, whose coun-
try is less favoured by nature than
that of another, urged by wants and
desires, may greatly improve the
first rude inventions of other people,
who, after some efforts of genius,
may become stationary in know-
ledge; as appears to have been, and
is the case of all Asiatic nations.

ON TASTE, LITERATURE, ANT) PHILOSOPHV.

353

and particularly the Chinese. The

Jews, as appears evident from the
Scripture, were not the inventors or
letters: since they learned what
they knew from the Babylonians,
in tiieir captivity ; and their great
leader and legislator is highly prais-
ed lor having been versed inthe6ci-
tMiccs of the Egyptians,

The Phoenicians, who were very
industrious, and the greatest navi-
gators of their times, made consi-
derable progress in this wonderful
science; and Cadmus, the Tyrian,
introduced it into the then rude
Greece. Of hi in Brebeuf ingeni-
ously says,

" C'est de lui que nous vient cct art ingenieux
f( De peindre !;i parole ct de parler aux yenx."

Peter the Great used to say, that
the arts made the tour of the world.
Literature (which is, at least, in
prospcra ornamentum, in adversa
refugium,) is of course included in
the observation of that monarch,
■whose ideas were acute and striking.

It is universally known what an
astonishing proficiency the Greeks
made in all the branches of learning-,
and how their knowledge was com-
municated to the ancient Romans
and to the other nations of Europe.
The vicissitudes of letters during
the barbarous period, called the
middle ages, is known from a mul-
titude of works in all languages;
and their flourishing stale in Great
Britain, through the blessings of
national liberty and (he freedom of
the press, is at present manifest.

The abuses of literature have been
and are every where great: but!
" fire," said Dr. Johnson in con- !
versation, " so necessary to life, :
will consume our houses and our-
selves ; are we therefore to abo-
lish it ?"
A nation without literature may '

certainly be called barbarous and
savage, and without a free press, a
slave. What Tolly elegantly says
of history, may be applied, in a
more extensive meaning, to pure li-
terature: .Lux veritatis, magistru
vita'.

ON rillLOSOPIIV.

How pure and clear is a stream
at its source, and what changes it
undergoes in its progress to the sea !
As its elementary essence, however,
cannot be annihilated, in process of
time it again becomes bright and sa-
lubrious.

Philosophy, that is, the love of
knowledge (from p kilos, friend, and
sophia, learning, science,) was al-
ways, more or less, revered in the
world. Those who cultivate this
divine mother of wisdom, this mag-
ni primordia mundi, ct rcrinn cau-
ses, ei q aid n at urn doc cba/,v, -ere em-
phatically called soph/, deep learn-
ed sages ; but Pythagoras modestly
called himself p kilos sop hice, whence
afterwards the general name of phi-
losopher. Tins unassuming ap-
pellation ought to have screened
the studious and the friends of learn-
ing, from obloquy in succeeding
ages ; but abuses on one side, and
envy and malignity on the other,
have often caused that reverential
name to be looked upon with slight,
if not with abhorrence, by the uu-
discerning mob.

*' Me del noirie del volgo voglio fjori,
" Eccettp l'uoni prudente, tiar personaj

" Che nd papi, ne re, ne imperatori,

" IN on uc trac sceltio, initra, ne corona,

" Ma la prudenza, rua il giudizio buouo*

" Doni, clie dal ciel dati a pochi souo."

Before Socrates, philosophy was
confined within the narrow circle of
a very few persons ; but that sage,
by diffusing wisdom among all
classes of the people of Athens, was
said to have attracted philosophy

566

ON TASTE, LITERATURE, AND PHILOSOPHY.

from heaven to earth. Socrates,
poor with regard to worldly fortune,
but rich in heavenly wisdom, taught
it gratuitously to his disciples, whom
he loved as his children, and by
wboni he was beloved as a parent.
It is related, that he carelessly said
to them one day, " Were I rich
enough, I would buy myself a
cloak ;" as that which he then wore
was in tatters. His disciples imme-
diately vied with each other for the
honour of making him so trifling a
present.

His precepts and maxims have
been transmitted to us principally by
Plato andXenophon, his most con-
spicuous disciples. The works of the
former, containing the greatest part
of them, are sometimes called So-
c.ratic. la allusion to them, Horace
pays, in his Ars Poetica,

v- Sf ribendirecte, sapere est principitim ct tons-
''Reiu tibi Socraticcc poteiuat ostendcre chartcc.^

Alter the death of him whom the
oracle had declared to be the wisest"
among the Greeks, and whom su-
perstition, cabal, and the frenzy of
the Athenian mob, had unjustly sa-
crificed, and to whom afterwards
they erected a statue, punishing his
vile accusers and persecutors, many
sects of philosophers were establish-
ed in Greece and its colonies, and a
still greater number of them sprung
up afterwards in various parts of
the world ; all of which are divided
into ancient and modern. The for-
mer comprehend, 1. The Platonic
or Academic — 2. The Peripatetic or
Aristotelian — 3. The Epicurean (so
well explained by James Harris) —
4. The Stoic — and, 5. The Pyrrho-
nian or Sceptic. The latter, 1. The
Cartesian — 2. The Newtonian, the
most prevalent, as being the most
rational. Pope's beautiful distich,

and Voltaire's translation of if,
though well known, deserve to be
repeated :

" Nature, and Nature's laws, lay hid in night :
" God said, let Newton be ; and all was light.1'
" Les tenebies regnoient sur la nature entieie :
" Dieu dit, que Newton soit; et tout devieut
lamiere."

Philosophy is principally divided
into moral and natural, speculative
or contemplative, and practical. In
this unlimited sense, it embraces
every branch of human knowledge :
its subdivisions are very numerous,
and may be found in encyclopaedias
and other scientific works.

it is, moreover, to be observed,
that, as philosophy contemplates
and explains the inmost essence of
truth in every aspect and shape
whatever, there is nothing, high or
low, in the universe, but what falls
within its scope or view : hence it
is sometimes said, the philosophy
of history, of the arts, of gardening,
&c. &c. (Sec.

" Qua sidera lege mearentj et quodcumque
latet."

The soul of philosophy (in a com-
prehensive and unlimited sense) is
truth; which, strictly speaking, is
one : yet the acute and philosophi-
cal Dr. Johnson (in a conversation
with Dr. Beattie, at which the au-
thor of this essay was present, in
1780,) said, that truth might be
classed under two principal and ge-
neral heads ; that is, " moral truth,
which is the agreement between the
words and the mind of the speaker ;
and physical truth, the agreement
between words and things." From
the immense ramification of each
class, arises the necessity of so many
separate sciences and arts, which no
single power of the human mind and
ability, however great, can embrace
collectively.

LETTER TO AMELIA.

367

a One science only will one genius fit ;
" So vast is art, so narrow human wit :
" Not only bounded to peculiar aits,
" But of,, in those confin'd to single parts."

Of a true philosopher, it may be
justly observed, that the more he
studies, the humbler he is : he dis-
dains not to learn some truths even
from the meanest persons, and from

reflection on the minutest thing's :
he is a lover and promoter of good
order, and has at heart the welfare
of his country and that of mankind.
A false one is vain, presumptuous,
and arrogant, a disturber of order
and peace, and, by his conduct,
brings philosophy and philosophers
into disgrace and disrepute.

(WWffy.iu.i"'iM

LETTER TO AMELIA.

My dearest child,

It is a very singular coinci-
dence, that, at the very moment
■when you were preparing qn ac-
count of proposals of marriage from
an old lover, I was actually pro-
ceeding, at such intervals as my
lame ringers would permit me, in a
narrative of similiar propositions
from a young lover, to whom, I
think, there is as much, if not more
objection, on the mere account of
age, than to the other. I will at
once s.ct you at your ease. It was
himself, but

not from Mr. L-
from his good father, Sir William,
and without the young man's par-
ticipation or even knowledge. The
following dialogue (and it is curious
enough that we should both adopt
the same mode of communication)
will make you acquainted with all
the circumstances of this very unex-
pected and extraordinary embassy.
Tii is worthy baronet was, you
know, in the habit of occasionally
calling upon us. As no very dis-
tant neighbour, as the friend of
your dear father, and from the con-
tiguity of our property, civility,
regard, or business brought him,
from time to time, to the hall. Nay,
I believe, as poor, dear Lady L —
died about six months after my ever
to be lamented husband, that a ge-

neral notion prevailed in the coun-
try of a probable match between us :
but the knight was not sufficiently
valorous to express the most distant
wish on the subject; or, perhaps,
I had not the charms to excite
his prowess ; but, badinage apart,
you well know what my conduct
would have been if he had thought
proper to make a proposal of that
nature.

Sir William L was not ori-
ginally calculated to make what is
called a brilliant figure inthe world :
perhaps he has done better by suit-
ing his life to his character, and
he well merits the regard which has
ever been paid to it. He has inva-
riably maintained the dignity of his
station and property, ranking, as
he does, in the first class of our gen-
try ; and while he enjoys the respect
of all who know him, he possesses the
affection of all who serve him. Your
clear father used to say, that he tru-
ly represented the character of an
old English country gentleman ; the
evident decline of which was to be
greatly lamented. Nor did he ever
fail to add the opinion, that, when-
ever it was lost, a large portion of
our genuine national virtue, honour,
and happiness would depart along
with it. Hut to the purpose.

I received a letter from my old ac-

3GS

LETTER TO AMELIA*

quaintancp, to beg the favour of an
hour's conversation whenever it
"would be most convenient to myself.
As my health had been rather better
than usual during the last few days,
] seized on the favourable interval,
and therefore appointed the follow-
ing morning. You will readily be-
lieve that f did not entertain the
least suspicion of his errand, but
imagined that, it was occasioned by
some circumstance or other connect-
ed with our estates ; that lie had
some necessary information to give,
cr some neighbourly proposition to
make to me, relative to them. J
.really thought that it was a business
of this nature which led him to wish
for a conference with me. He was
exact tothe appointment, and, after
a great deal of fricndl}T enquiry con-
cerning me and yourself, the import-
ant conversation began and conti-
nued, according to my best recollec-
tion, in the following manner :

Sir W. L . " The friendly-
intercourse which has ever subsist-
ed between our families; the long
and mutual regard, and which ne-
ver suffered a moment's interruption,
between the late excellent master of
this mansion and myself; the state
and vicinity of our respective proper-
ties ; and the peculiar circumstances
of our respective families, have com-
bined to make it an anxious wish of
my heart, that they might be more
nearly united. 1 am left with an
only son ; you are left, madam, with
an only daughter. Their particular
situations seem to point them out for
each other. Two of the principal
estates in the county will then be
consolidated, and become the first
property in it. From every thing i
have observed in the character of
my son, and I have attended to him

with a most anxious and inquisitive
vigilance, from the continued and
minute reports of those who have
had the care of his education, I have
every reason to consider him with
the fondest hopes, and to form the
delightful presages of his being an
honour to his family, to his coun-
try, and tohimself. Were he other-
wise, no consideration whatever
would influence me to propose his
alliance with such an honourable-
family as your's, or his union with
so accomplished a lady as your
daughter is known to be. This I
trust, madam, you will do me the
justice to believe. Permit me at the
same time to assure you, that my son
has not the least suspicion of my ma-
trimonial views respectins; himself.
I thought it right to obtain your
previous opinion on the subject ;
and if you generally approved of
my proposition, to let the rest arise
from the young people themselves^
without any personal interference
from us. The result which I wish,
would, I think, be the natural con-
sequence of their communication
with each other, when my son quits
the university and comes to reside
at home, which will be in July next.
They are no strangers to each other;
and though, on account of his edu-
cation, and the retired manner, in
which you have thought proper to
live, they have but seldom met for
some years past, I iiatter myself that
the affection they had for each otht r
when they were children, will revive
in another form ; and, tacitly encou-
raged as it might be by us, may at
length ripen into that mutual prefer-
ence, which will justify our attend-
ance on them to the altar. Such,
madam, is the very interesting ob-
ject of my visit. I shall leave the mat-

LETTER TO AMELIA.

369

ter, if you should so please, to be ma-
tured by your superior understand-
ing; and you will do me the favour
to communicate your opinion at any
future time, if you should not feel
yourself disposed to honour me with
it on the present occasion. Though,
as I cannot see any substantial objec-
tion to my proposal, I feel somewhat
of an encouragement to expect your
assent, and that the favourite wish,
of my declining years will be grant-
ed to me."

Lady . " My answer, Sir

William, requires no deliberation ;
and, therefore, cannot be returned
too soon. I shall give it you now,
and without the least reserve. I must,
at the same time, express my satis-
faction, that you have communi-
cated this proposal to me at a time
•when Amelia is absent from me, so
that I may not be obliged, unless
subsequent circumstances should
render it absolutely necessary, to
make it known to her. You will al-
ready perceive, my good friend,
that ray opinion docs not altogether
coincide with your's. Your charac-
ter, Sir William, the intimate social
habits between our families, and
all worldly considerations, form so
many undeniable reasons in favour

of your proposition ; but Mr L

has not yet attained his nineteenth
year, and my daughter is I believe,
by two or three months, the elder of
the two. She is certainly advanced
to a marriageable period, and pos-
sesses a strength of mind, a sedate-
ness of character, and a store of in-
formation far beyond her years. She
will not, I think, consent to marry a
boy. Nor does it appear to me, Sir
William, for I must speak plain on
such a subject as this, that you are
altogether influenced by that supe-

JS/o. XII. Vol. II.

rior discretion and good sense which
have ever distinguished your con-
duct, when you so anxiously desire
that your son should exchange the
cap and sown of the university, to
assume the robe of flymen : and to
put on the hymeneal leading-strings,
that he may be guided by a wife of
superior understanding and experi-
ence. Marriage is the most serious
event of life, and you would actual-
ly make a plaything of it. Such a
marriage would not only be ridicu-
lous, but, I verily believe, must be
miserable. Name me, if you please,
within your experience, a boy who
has married at nineteen ; for there
may have been examples of such
folly, and I will venture to say, that
I shall instantly furnish you with an
example against your own proposi-
tion. Mr. L is not arrived at the

age before which the wisdom of the
law prohibits him from discharging
the principal duties of life. Ac-
cording to your notion, your sou
should be a married man long before
he can be acknowledged as an ac-
tual member of political society.
Nay, he may even be a father be-
fore the law would allow him to be
a guardian of his own children. My
dear Sir William, you must have
strangely forgotten the period when
you were only nineteen years of age,
or I should not have received this
visit."

Sir William. (t Pardon me, ma-
dam, I remember it well ; for at
that time I was on my foreign tra-
vels, with ray tutor, the Rev. Dr.
, who was afterwards the rector

of my parish, and when living, had
the honour of being known toyou."

Lady . " I remember him

well, and very highly estimated his
character, if he had been living
3D

570

LETTER TO AMELIA.

now. Sir William, you would cer-
tainly have consulted him on this
business; and I have no doubt of
the opinion which he would have
given you. He Mould have told
you, that at an age when it was
thought necessary to employ a tutor
to conduct you, it would be some-
thing more than unnecessary to give
your son a wife to conduct him. I
certainly should not make an equa-
lity of years, merely as such, an in-
superable objection; but from my
observation in the world, from
certain matrimonial alliances of that
nature among ray own relations and
acquaintance, as well as from the
general consideration of what I shall
call the policy of marriage, such a
circumstance would make me very
deliberate in giving my consent.
It is the duty of parents, particular-
ly when it is a question of marry-
ing a daughter, to contrive all pos-
sible securities for her happiness;
and the proposed husband being
advanced some years before her in
the journey of life, and experience
of the world, is one of them ; and
on which I, for my part, should
have a very preponderating reliance.
Nay, so rooted am I in my opinion
on this subject, that, were I bound
by an irresistible obligation to marry
my darling Amelia to you, Sir Wil-
liam, or your son, I do most so-
lemnly declare, that I should not
hesitate a moment in requesting you
to conduct her to the altar: and I
am equally certain, that she would
be of the same opinion."

Here the old baronet's vanity was
«o tickled, that he appeared instant-
ly to forget his son and all his late
eulogiums of him; and, changing
his grave, disappointed look at once
into a cheerful smile, he rose from

his chair, and, with a very low and
most respectful bow, assured me,
that both myself and you did him
the greatest honour. It was with
no common exertion that I refrained
from laughter: I did contrive, how-
ever, to restrain the unlucky propen-
sity, and proceeded in my speech.
" In short, Sir William, to con*
elude this conversation, if the assur-
ance will afford you any satisfac-
tion, I shall have no hesitation in
saying, that it is not my design to
controul Amelia's inclinations to ma-
trimony, when she shall have direct-
ed them to a particular object. Shft
may be, as she ought to be, suscep-
tible of that influence, of that dis»
anguishing preference, which are
preparatives to the nuptial union.
But a bad man she must hate, and
a fool she cannot love. Nay, I
would not suffer even the suggestion,
if I know her character, and I have
studied it from her cradle, that she
will ever be led away by the capri-
ces of the heart, or yield an unre-
flecting submission to the passions
of it. But if she would inform me
to-morrow, that her tender regard
has been won, and that she wishes
to resign the prize to the victor, I
would return her my instantaneous
consent, without enquiring whether
the person whom she prefers, has,
like you, five thousand a year, or
five hundred, or who or what he is.
Such is my confidence in her under-
standing and rectitude of conduct,
that I should not doubt a moment as
to the propriety of her choice, or
the happiness resulting from it."

Sir William. " Then, madam, if
your charming daughter should
manifest a disposition to be united
to my son, I am to conclude that
you will not refuse your consent."

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

S71

Lady . " I most assuredly |j dam, which I desired. The object

will not; but on the condition that j of my visit is attained. I abide

I hear of no more propositions of
this nature, lill such a disposition
is actually manifested by her. I
must also insist upon your most so-
lemn engagement, that Mr. L

shall not in any way be encouraged
by you to think of the connection,
or to make pretensions to it. I
must also observe, that his visits
here are not to be more frequent
than they have usually been: and
you will not, Sir William, take it
amiss, or suppose that I am acting
with any adverse precaution, if the
state of my health should, at any
time, prevent us from receiving
him, as it frequently has done even
from receiving you."

Sir William. fi This is all, ma-

most cheerfully by the conditions
which you have been pleased to
propose; and I hold myselfboundj
by every tie of truth and honour, to
fulfil them."

The worthy baronet now retired
as completely satisfied as if the
writings had been signed. — O my
Amelia, such js poor human nature !
When we suffer our wishes to out-
run our reason, what fools do we
make of ourselves !

That a gracious Providence may
continue to watch over, protect, and
preserve my darling child, is the
ardent and continued prayer of her
fond and approving mother,

* # # *

LETTERS FROM ITALY.

(Continuation of Letter VIII. from page 299.Ji

I was speaking of the painted
decorations of the rooms, and espe-
cially of those which still remain in
their places, the subjects of which
are more of the fanciful and orna-
mental, than the historical kind.
Although the former arc certainly
inferior to the latter, yet, for the
present, I confine myself to what is
to be met with on the spot, as I
shall hereafter have an opportunity
of describing some of the most va-
luable of those paintings which Mere
separated from the walls, and lodged
in the museum.

To shew the brilliancy of the
paintings, our veteran guide threw
over one of the walls of an apart-
ment a pailful of water, which
spread a temporary lustre over the
colours, deadened by the dust and

flying sand. They certainly looked
as if they had been laid on but a
month ago ; even the greens had
faded little, or perhaps not at all :
for who can tell the precise hue of
the original tint ? As you are some-
thing of an artist, it will not be te-
dious to you to read a few desultory
remarks on the mechanical part of
ancient painting, which occurred to
me on the spot.

Notwithstanding all that has been
said on the subject, it appears still
a matter of doubt to me, whether
the medium used for laying on the
colours in the Pompejan rooms, was
not different from that employed in
our fresco paintings, of which de-
scription these are generally sup-
posed to be : no rubbing with a wet
finger was capable of dct'.cking the
3 1)2

372

ETGrlTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

least tint from thewalls. I am, there-
fore, inclined to suspect, that either
the medium was some oily or unc-
tuous liquid ; or that, if the paint-
ings were really alfresco, a coat of
some such substance was afterwards
laid over the whole like a varnish :
indeed, a faint gloss is easily per-
ceptible ; but, upon tlie wjiole, J
would fain give my opinion in fa-
vour of the oily medium, the pecu-
liar character of which the strokes
of the pencil carry with them. To
this hypothesis it has been objected,
that the heat of the volcanic sand
with which the rooms must have
been overwhelmed, would have af-
fected the oil ; but it remains to be
proved, that the whole interior of
the rooms was completely filled with
sand of such a heat as to injure the
oil. If such had been the case, the
colours themselves must necessarily
have suffered, or have been chang-
ed, which is no where perceptible.
This latter circumstance, indeed j
appears altogether astonishing, and
to me, I own, perfectly inexpli-
cable.

In regard to the pigments them-
selves, it would be an enquiry of
importance to the arts, if their na-
ture were ascertained by a chemical
artist : but as I have no pretensions
to such a qualification, and since the
mere permission of eying the pic-
tures would not suffice for such a
research, I must regret the neces-
sity of dismissing so interesting a
topic in a superficial manner.

The use of various kinds of ochres,
from the pale buff to the burnt
brown, is obviously and abundantly
discernible : a metallic light blue,
of a beautiful hue, and a similar
green, appears likewise to have had
a place on the Pompejan pallet :

vermilion, of equal brightness at
least with our present one, J have
seen no where ; but a red, somewhat
darker and duller, such as would be
produced by a mixture of about
two-thirds of our vermilion and
one third of burnt umber, has been
copiously employed in every apart-
ment ; even the columns of the bar-
racks are painted with that colour.
It is, however, not impossible but
this red may have been pure ver-
milion, and suffered some deterio-
ration of lustre from heat and time.
The dark blue comes nearest to our
indigo. Very bright yellows are not
to be met with ; perhaps more on
account of the harshness of their
effect, than from the want of a pig-
ment of that kind. Some yellow
draperies in the pictures of (he mu-
seum, indeed, prove that the ancients
possessed adequate colours for that
tint; but there is nothing which ap-
proaches our fine lakes. Of greens
there is every imaginable variety in
the abundance of foliage and gar-
lands : and the white and black arc
likewise excellent ; although, from
the nature of those colours, it is im-
possible to compare them with our
modern pigments of the same hue.
In regard to the merits of the or-
namental paintings, it is natural to
suppose, that all are not equally
praise- worthy ; but thus much I
may venture to say, that while none
deserve the stigma of daubings,
very many are exquisitely beauti-
ful. In the borders of foliage, there
is an airiness, taste, elegance, and
truth, which you have no concep-
tion of: indeed, upon a pretty ex-
tensive inspection of the works of
ancient art, they appear to me to
possess one feature of pre-eminence
over those of modern artists, which

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

may always serve as a test of tiieir
•authenticity. This consists in that
characteristic truth, calm repose,
want of frivolity, and meretricious
ornaments, that sublime simplicity
which, with a few exceptions, ami
those of very recent date, our mo-
dern productions are destitute of.
The drawings at Pompeji look as
if they had been taken from nature:
most of our's, as if they had been
copied from a drawing-book. This
characteristic fidelity extends to the
most trivial subjects. A vine-leaf,
to be sure, is a vine-leaf; a butter-
fly, a butterfly : and both, drawn
by the generality of the painters of
our times, wiil, without a super-
scription, be recognized ; but they
Will want the peculiarity of charac-
ter which, at first sight, strikes the
eye with pleasure, and which, in an
ancient painting, is obvious. Thus
you observe, on one of the walls, a
little vignette, representing a num-
ber of fish basking in the water,
drawn in a most masterly style of
nature : not, by any means, with
Dutch minuteness ; on f lie contrary,
bold ; but so expressive, so fanci-
ful, that you forget the triviality of
the subject in the discerning skiil of
the ariist. On another wail, the
eager contest of some birds pecking
at fruit, is every thing but life it-
gel f. A heap of dead game, a par-
cel of naked boys playing — how
natural, how inimitably true !

I am aware, dear T. that the
above reproach of want of expres-
sion, does not attach to the early
masters of modern art. The placid
innocence of Raphael, the divine
serenity of Guido, the manly firm-
ness of Buonaroti, the awful stern-
ness of Rosa, the poetic sublimity
of Corrcgio ; in short, the charac-

teristic traits of many other cele-
brated early painters, gain our in-
stant approbation, because nature
alone was their prototype. In be-
holding the human features as re-
presented by those artists, we seem
e.s if we recollected the physiogno-
my ; we are convinced it is not an
unmeaning blank of expression we
behold, but nature itself ; assisted,
perhaps, or embellished by genius.
Far otherwise with tha works of a

, — . — , , and a host of

moderns. Their laces are as correct
as insignificant; as void of error as
(hey are of thought or expression.
Some honourable exceptions, in-
deed, are to be found among the
number of our British artists, but
too few to invalidate the observa-
tion in a general point of view.

But enough of these speculations,
to which 1 have given xent (he
more freely, as I was sure, my dear
T. you would understand, you
would feel the meaning of ray re-
marks : otherwise, indeed, I should
have reason to fear, all I said would
appear downright nonsense. Sapi-
ent i sat !

Besides the naivete and truth in
the design, these Pompejan trifles
have another very obvious merit :
there is a humorous oddity in (heir
composition, a fanciful extrava-
gance which draws forth a simper
of satisfaction. What can be more
laughable than yonder Cupid tra-
velling in a buggy drawn by a
grave sparrow-hawk; a number of
boys riding a race on dolphins; a
woman selling Cupids from a cage ;
a fawn fighting a he-goat ; a set of
boys frightened by a little fellow'*
holding an ugly mask, as large as
himself, before him ; and a number
of the like conceits, the offspring

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALT.

of a humorous, luxuriant, and (en-
ire nous soit dit) lascivious fan-
cy. But more of the latter pre-
sently.

Some of the rooms were painted
in a different manner from any of
the former. The walls were covered
with designs of fanciful colonnades,
lattice-work, and various architec-
tural drawings, in the worst of tastes.
The columns slender, of no defined
order ; the perspective, if any,
wretched; in short, the whole with-
out any elegance, symmetry, or
plan whatever. Of this kind of de-
coration, several specimens are pre-
served iu the museum : and the only
thing which appeared interesting in
them, was, the gradation of the five
tints employed in their design, ge-
nerally in the following order : —
very light flesh-colour — a darker
hue of the same — light red (middle
tint) — deep red — brown. With
those, light and shade were regularly
produced, as in some of our modern
paintings and paper-hangings, in
what is, rather improperly, termed
the chiar' oscuro manner. -You
know what I allude to. These ar-
chitectural specimens, some of the
landscapes, and other pieces else-
where seen, prove, I think, one fact
which is rather singular : — the an-
cients, however great their skill in
geometry, were ignorant of the sci-
ence of perspective. For although
their paintings shew, that they were
sometimes aware of the propriety of
lessening distant objects in repre-
senting the same on a plane surface,
yet it is as evident, that this expe-
rience had not by them been ex-
panded into a mathematical system,
susceptible of calculation. The
objects in their paintings do not
converge towards one horizontal

point; they rise behind and above
each other ; the further ends of the
roofs are drawn upwards ; all looks
as if taken from a bird's-eye view ;
or, as 1 have observed in a former
letter, like the drawings of the Chi-
nese, or of our \ecy early modern
artists.

The above, I think, will enable
you to form a pretty accurate idea
of the private dwellings in the town
of Pompeji. Probably the descrip-
tion falls as short of your expecta-
tion, as the sight of them did of
mine. Takeaway the painted walls
and the mosaic pavements, and Don
Michele's epithet will not be far from
truth. Possibly, the circumstance
of the houses haying but a ground
floor, may be attributed to the fear
of earthquakes, which the vicinity
of Vesuvius must have rendered as
frequent in those times, as they are
at this moment ; probably indeed
more so, the volcano then not hav-
ing burst itself a vent for the com-
bustible and fermenting matter con-
tained in the bowels and subterra-
neous precincts of the mountain.
But waving the consideration of
earthquakes, we need not feel any
degree of surprise at the diminutive
size of these habitations. It is in
their temples and public buildings
only, that the ancient Romans and
Greeks displayed the grandeur and
costliness we still admire ; while in
their own dwellings and habits of
private life, they were generally as
humble and frugal, as they were
magnificent and sumptuous in the
former. I say generally ; for I am
well aware, that the luxury of some
Patricians in the capital, after the
conquests of Corinth and Carthage,
would form an exception to my ar-
gument. But in the country towns,

EIGHTH LETTETt FROM ITALY.

275

the extravagance of the metropolis
would in all probability find few ad-
mirers or imitators.

We now strolled down the High-
street, and had proceeded but a few
yards, when Don Michele, looking
upwards, exclaimed, with a burst
of laughter, " Cospelto di Bacco
che cosa rara abbiamo qui! .'" In-
deed, short-sighted as I am, it re-
quired no optic aid to*pcrceive, over
the door of one of the houses, a piece
of sculpture, in basso-relievo, repre-
senting a monstrous emblem, of more
than Patagonian dimensions. Here,
I confess, my powers of divination
were completely at a stand. I could
not possibly guess at' the meaning of
so extraordinary a curiosity. Un-
certain whether this most curious
relic of antiquity was intended to
proclaim the trade carried on with-
in (in which case certainly a more un-
equivocal shop-board could scarcely
be devised), or whether the house
itself was dedicated to some of the
singular religious rites so common
among the pagans, I stopped short
for a moment. Don Michele, ob-
serving with inward triumph my
astonishment at so unusual an exhi-
bition, receded two steps, then rest-
ed the whole weight of his body on
his left leg, with the additional sup-
port of his gold-headed cane, which
being forcibly planted against his
left hip-bone, acted the part of a
buttress; and concealed, by an ap-
plication of his right thumb on one
side, and his forefinger on the other,
the best part of his pleasant chin,
which, maugre this temporary fram-
ing, still retained the usual propor-
tion to the rest of the face. Having
gained this attitude of defiance, his
eyes only, not his face, were, with
an arch ii^nificancy, directed to-

wards me for a second or two, pre-
viously to the following address :

" I long to know what you, Sig-
nor Don Luigi, the champion of an-
tiquity, think of this classic jewel."

My hopes to ward off the threat-
ened attack, by observing to my
friend the little benefit that the
knowledge of my sentiments could
produce to him, who had a short
time ago solemnly pronounced the
whole of the objects around us a
modern forgery, were in vain. —
Don Michele replied," If anything,
sir, could induce me to refract the
opinion you allude to, it would be
the discovery of this very unique
piece of sculpture, which, what*
ever may be my opinion of the rest,
from its classic elegance, and the
beauty of its proportions, 1 firmly
believe to be a true relic of ancient
art."

This concession obliged me to
shift, my ground. I had not come
twelve miles in the heat of the dajr,
to hold a disputation in the main
street of Pompeji ; I therefore turn-
ed the tables on my litigious friend,
by telling him, that whatever might
be my opinion of the resl, an opi-
nion which he well knew already,
the basso-relievo over the door cer-
tainly had all the appearance of a
fraudulent addition : but that, if
he chose, we would talk over the
subject on our way home, and not
lose our time in disputing, since
much was yet to be seen, and the
day far advanced.

For once, friend Michele consent-
ed to this suspension of arms, and
left me to proceed in my antiqua-
rian investigation.

To you, however, who are not a
party concerned, I may freely im-
part some reflections which this bas-

57(5

K10 mil LETTER. FROM ITALV

so-rrlirvo, ns well as other plastic
curiosities of a similar description,
have elicited.

hi England, where our ideas of
delicacy are perhaps the most re-
fined, the public exposure of a si-
milar sculpture would probably ren-
der the street as impassable to the
fair sex, as was the avenue of that
synagogue, in the entrance of which
a wag had suspended a full-grown
pig, the clamour and contortions of
which finally obliged the Israelitish
congregation to get out by the win-
dows. To an Englishman, there-
fore, uninitiated in the customs of
antiquity, it would appear utterly
impossible for a Roman matron, or
maiden of chastity, not to go any
round, rather than pass this obnox-
ious house ; until he learns, to his
unspeakable astonishment, that ma-
ny of. the ancient lamps, to be seen
at Portici, and in almost every mu-
seum, were of the like figure ; that
similar emblems were not only fre-
quently worn as amulets, or even as
fashionable broaches, by those very
matrons ami virgins, but often ador-
ed by them in temples raised to their
honour. How many statues and
groupes are still extant, which attest
the warm and erotic fancy of the
ancients ! Wilness the numerous her-
maphrodites, fauns, and nymphs,
and a variety of others, which, al-
though received into our museums,
are carefully secluded by curtains
and presses from the eyes of pro-
miscuous visitors ; or, like the
group of the goat and satyr in the
Vault at Portici, absolutely hidden
from the face of the earth. What
else is to be inferred from all this,
but that the notions of decorum were

then different from what ihry are
with us? And is this to be won-
dered at, when we reflect, that those
notions are even different among dif-
ferent nations of the present day ? In
Russia, for instance, men and women
j bathe together in parlies; in France

But I need not adduce any

of the numerous facts or instances I
have in store from personal expe-
rience, to prove that a French, Ita-
lian, or Russian lady, of equal cor-
rectness in point of conduct with
an English-woman, will allow her-
self expressions and actions which
the latter would shrink from with
disgust. But not in different coun-
tries only are the ideas of decency
so very different ; even in the same
country they rise and fall, accord-
ing to a variety of circumstances
which possess immediate influence
on them. To instance our own na-
tion, surely an English audience, at
the time of Congreve, Mrs. Cent-
livre, and other dramatic authors
of libertine memory, could not have
possessed the same degree of deli-
cacy and modesty as we happily
boast of at present, who shudder at
even an equivocal expression em-
ployed by our modern writers for
the stage.

het us, therefore, dear T. behave
with candour and toleration to those
fair Pompejans, whose callings oblig-
ed them to pass by this unfortunate
spot ; let us be persuaded, they
would cast down their looks, or, at
best, only steal a side glance through
their fan-sticks ; or, if they did not
mince the matter, that all was al-
lowed by usage and scion la cow
tumc du pays.

( The continuation in our next.)

377

OF THE LUXURY OF THE ROMANS.
By Augustus von Kotzebue.

(Continued from page 3 1 3.)

Without a train of eight or ton
servants, it was impossible to appear
in public with decency. This in-
deed was a very modest; retinue,
with which the advocates alone con-
tented themselves. Others went
abroad surrounded with fifty or
more attendants. Horace relates of
Tigellius, that he often had a train
of 200. Others again had 10,000,
20,000, and even a still greater num-
ber of slaves ; not for the sake of their
services, as Athenaeus attests, but
merely that they might appear in
public with the srreater pomp. It
must not be supposed, ' that this nu-
merous retinue exhibited the same
ragged spectacle as the hosts of ser-
vants belonging to some of the Rus-
sian grandees : all those who com-
posed it were clothed in the most
splendid attire. The fair sex vied
with the men in this species of osten-
tation. Marcellinns, for instance, ex-
claims, " With what, a train many
matrons parade upon sofas through
all the streets of the city ! Like ex-
perienced generals, who first op-
pose the closest ranks to the enemy,
next the light-armed troops, then
the slingers, and lastly the auxilia-
ries ; the conductors of such a pro-
fession are busily engaged in mar-
shalling the multitude. They place
all the persons belonging to the \\\ a v-
ing establishment at the head ; then
follow those who belong to the culi-
nary department ; and next the pro-
miscuous crowd of servants, whose
ranks are swelled by all the idle peo-
ple of the neighbourhood ; niid lastly
the troops of eunuchs, with their
pale and haggard faces." St. Je-
No. XII. Vol. II.

rome also speaks of a whole host of
eunuchs, among whom the fools f#?e-
riones) cost a higher price, some-
times as much as £100, whereas a
rational slave might be purchased
for £30.

If females indulged in such exces-
sive luxury abroad, it may easily
be conceived that they were not less
extravagant at home. The house-
hold utensils and implements of one
family, and which were not of the
most expensive kind, were valued
by Martial at ^50,000. A single
hatchet, probably of gold, cost
•=£20,000. Culinary utensils, plate,
and even the carriages, were of sil-
ver. There, were dishes of that metal
which weighed one hundred pounds.
A slave of the emperor Claudius,
named Drusillanus, served up the
first course in 500 dishes of this kind,
for the making of which a manu-
factory was expressly built. Others
had 800 silver dishes, of far more
considerable weight. But silver
i alone was soon thought not costly
| enough, and gold was added, either
i in Handles or inlaid figures. At
' last they employed gold alone, and
even made chamber utensils of that
metal, till Tiberius prohibited this
degradation, and directed that gold-
en utensils should be confined to the
service of the gods.

" As much silver," says Pliny,

! "as all Carthage, the rival of Rome

I for the sovereignty of the world,

! possessed at the period of the victo-

! nes of Scipio Africanus, so much

j does Rome now contain merely in

table utensils." At this time it was

customary to drink out of goblets of

3 E

378

OF THE LUXURY OF THE ROMANS.

onyx, mother of pearl, and gold and
silver, of curious workmanship, the
feet of which were enriched with
emeralds and precious stones. These
goblets were so highly valued, that,
at entertainments, a servant was
placed by every guest, to watch that
none of them might be stolen.
Many of these were cut out of a
single stone, and rested on gold
feet. If they were composed only
of silver, it was customary to make
amends by magnitude for the in-
feriority of the material. Fabricius
the censor, accused his colleague
before the senate, of having a gob-
let of this kind, which weighed up-
wards of ten pounds, and cost 3000
guineas. Crassus the orator, also
possessed two bowls for wine of equal
value. Vessels made of myrtle-wood
fetched a still higher price than
gold or silver, namely ^£"4000 a
piece : and the dying Petronius
broke one of this kind to pieces,
that it might not fall into Nero's
hands. But the most costly material
was crystal ; for a mistress of a fami-
ly, who, as Pliny assures us, was not
rich, paid ^f?7500 for a crystal vessel.

Candlesticks, it may be inferred,
were the objects of no small degree
of luxury. Pliny speaks of a man
who purchased one for a sum equi-
valent to the whole salary of a mili-
tary tribune, that is, about«s£2500.

Large round tables of gold, silver,
or citron-wood, which often passed
from generation to generation, were
adorned with ivory feet and the fi-
gures of animals, of exquisite work-
manship. If the citron-wood was
very full of spots, it sold for an
enormous price, as high as cs£5000 ;
and some families: possessed hun-
dreds of this kind of tables. Anni-
us. accoiding to Martial, had al-

most 500. This spotted wood was
always of greater value than gold.

The bedsteads were very large,
and the feet of onyx. Gold and sil-
ver were also abundantly employed
about them. A slave, who stole u
plate of silver from Caligula'scouch,
was immediately delivered up to the
executioner. They were soon made
entirely of silvev; and at length,
Pollio, a Roman knight, procured
one of solid gold.

Chariots were at first made of
brass, then of ivory, and lastly of
silver; and these became so nume-
rous, that Severus was obliged by
a law to limit the use of them to se-
nators. This law, however, was
not long observed. Neither were
people content with silver, but be-
gan to gild and enrich it with pre-
cious stones. The higher the cha-
riot, the more elevated was suppose
ed to be the rank of the owner.
The harness of the mules which
drew these chariots, was naturally
superb also, and covered with orna-
ments of gold. When Nero tra-
velled, he was attended by a thou-
sand chariots ; his mules were shod
with silver; as were those of his
wife Popp&a even with gold.

Let us now enter the habitations
of these voluptuaries. There the
walls, the pillars, the floors, every
thing glistens with marble and
gold, A certain Mamurra was the
first that incrusted his whole house
with marble. After the conquest of
Carthage, the ceilings in the Capitol
were for the first time gilded ; but
this species of luxury soon extended
to private houses. " We live,'1 ex-
claimed St. Jerome, " as though
we were to die to-morrow, and build
.is though we should live for ever.
I Walls, ceilings, and columns gibs-

OF THE LUXURY OF THE ROMAN?.

579

ten with gold." Terfullian also
speaks of costly tapestry manufac-
tured at Tyre.

Columns were an ornament very
frequently employed. It was no!
uncommon to see many hundreds
of them in one single edifice, which
perhaps had besides a fountain to
cool it„

The extent of habitations was
prodigious. One of the ancients
complains, that (he palace of Au-
gustus took up as much ground as
.formerly composed the whole farm
of Cincinnatus. During Nero's
reign, some of the slaves of that ty-
rant possessed fish-ponds which
were half as large. And Pliny ex-
claims, " Such were not the habi-
tations of those who founded this
empire ; they went from the plough
or thecotfage to triumphs, and their
fields were smaller than are now the
rooms of their descendants." Sallust
and Seneca also compare houses to
whole cities. Buildings were immo-
derately extended, not only in length
and breadth, but also in height. —
According to Juvenal, Cetronius
built a bouse which was more loftj'-
than the temple of Hercules and
Fortune ; and Posides erected an-
other that even surpassed the Capi-
tol in elevation.

Fruit - gardens and pleasure-
grounds were inclosed within the
walls of such edifices, or even laid
out upon the roofs. Fruit-trees
were highly valued. A single ap-
ple-tree yielded its owner a yearly
profit of ten pounds. These, how-
ever, were only common trees :
there were others of rarer kinds for
pomp and pleasure ; for instance,
the lotus. Valerius Maximus re-
lates, that Domitius accused his col-
league, Crassus, of having adorned

his portico with columns from
Mount Hymettus. u What do you
value my house at ?" asked Crassus.
"At sixty times one hundred thou-
sand sesterces," was the reply.
"And how much lower will you
rate it, if I cut down ten shrubs
(arbusculos) ?" " Thirty times
one hundred thousand sesterces." '
These ten shrubs consequently cost
.€15,000.

The palace of Clolius, who was
assassinated by Milo, cbst«€l 10,000:
it probably contained none of these
shrubs or trees, otherwise the ex-
pence would have been much great-
er. Hirrius received merely from
the buildings that surrounded his
fish-ponds, a yearly income of
€60,000.

This luxury in building spread
with extraordinary rapidity. In the
consulship of Lepidus and Catulus,
twenty -nine years before Julius
Caesar, the house of this Lepidus
was the finest in Rome ; and thirty-
five years afterwards, it was sur-
passed in magnificence by more
than one hundred. I shall say no-
thing of Nero's golden palace, the
history of which is so well known.

And then what feasting was there
in these habitations ! what a crowd
of servants to wait upon the guests !
" How they all throng about the
fire-place!" cries Seneca. u I pass
by the multitudes of unfortunate
youths, whom other indignities
await when the banquet is finished.
I pass by the multitudes of adults,
who are divided according to na-
tions and colours, who are all equal-
ly smooth, have all the first down
upon the chin of equal length, and
all the same kind of hair, so that
those who are sleek-haired are not
intermixed with the curly-paled.

sso

Of THE LUXURY OF THE H6MANS.

I pass by the multitudes of fisher-
men; and lastly, of those attendants.
who, at a ui veil signal, carry in the
dishes. Ye owls » what a number
of persons ate set in motion by a
single stomach i"

What may have been the expence
of such an entertainment? A mere
breakfast, or some such thing-, given
by Lucullus to Cicero and Pom-
pey, cost d£l000. Vitellius never
gave a dinner for less than ^2000.
An entertainment, on entering upon
an office, could not be given by
the most frugal under <s£l5,000,
and cost many twice that sum. It
Lampridius does not exaggerate,
Heliogabalus consumed ^50,000,
and often a great deal more, at
every meal. At that time indeed,
it was not uncommon for a single
course to cost <a£5000. Juvenal
accuseshis contemporaries of squan-
dering a whole patrimony on a sin-
gle dinner. At first it was custom-
ary to have only two courses ; they
soon rose to seven, and Heliogabalu-;
bad even twenty. During the reign
of that emperor, a single dish some-
times cost <5?S000. And who could
afford to pay for such a dish ?
JEsop, the player, according to
Pliny. At. that time the art was not
at least exercised for bread.

And what sort of delicacies could
one of these dishes contain ? No-
thing more than rare singing-birds,
on which there was naturally very
little to eat, and which were besides
not particularly savoury. They were
called fig-peckers, and cost ^SO a
piece. The palate, therefore, was
merely stimulated by the idea of the
large sum consumed in every mouth-
ful ; just as is it related of the Elect-
or of Saxony's fool, that he one day
put thirty pounds worth of wood

on the fire at once, and nevertheless
was not warmed by it. It should
be observed, that it was a Cremona
violin. — A single dish cost Vitellius
i'ven ^5000, and a fire-place was
built in the fields for the express
purpose of cooking it. He called
it the shield of Minerva. It was
composed of the livers of sea-bream,
the brains of pheasants and pea-
cocks, and thetongues of flamingoes,
delicacies which were brought from
a great distance beyond the sea.
Vitellius had also an excellent ap-
petite, and when he could eat no
longer, he threw up what he had
already taken. His brother once
gave him an entertainment consist-
ing of 2000 fish and 7000 birds of
the rarest species. It is scarcely
necessary to observe, that this love
of good eating produced a prodi-
gious rise in the price of cooks, who
were each originally worth no more
than a good horse. Fish were a
principal object of this epicurean
luxury. Julius Caesar had 6000
lampreys served at his triumphal
dinner. They were valued accord-
ing to their weight, and it was a
noble pastime for the guests to
weigh them at table. A great num-
ber of notaries were obliged to at-
tend, to draw up authenticated in-
struments respecting their wonder-
ful weight.

I cannot refrain from quoting
another remarkable passage of Sene-
ca: "How incredible," he exclaims,
" are the works of gluttony ! How
often is nature cheated or conquer-
ed ! The fishes swimming in reser-
voirs are caught under the table it-
self, and immediately placed upon
it. They are shewn in glass vessels ;
the company observe with pleasure
| how death gradually changes their.

OF THE LTTXUHY OF THE ROMANS.

£81

colours," &c. Mullets were held in
equal request with the lamprey, and
cost.^20 or^SO a piece. The lam-
prey, and also the sturgeon, had the
honour of being* carried to table
crowned and accompanied with
music.

L. Crassus, a man who had held
the office of censor, was not ashamed
to lament bitterly the loss of a lam-
prey which had died in his fish-
pond.

Oysters and lobsters were like-
wise in great estimation. Connois-
seurs in these matters knew, at the
first taste, what spot the oysters
came from, and at the first sight
where the lobsters were caught. The
larger the oysters, the better they
•were thought. They were opened
at table. One Sergius Orata was
the first that formed the oyster-beds
at Bajae, and obtained for the Lu-
crine oysters, Avbich are now excel-
lent, the preference before all others.

We may easily calculate how ex-
pensive their fish-ponds were to the
Romans, when Ave know the price
of one of these fish, and that thou-
sands of them were kept. Varro
says, u The f eh- ponds are con-
structed at a great expence, stocked
at a great expence, and kept up at
a great expence. Ilirrins spends
Upon his ^60,000 a year." Many
fishes had particular names, and
came to be fed when they were
called.

Among the birds, the thrush was
accounted an extraordinary delica-
cy. According to V&rro, 5000 of
them were sold from one aviary for
*€30. Aufidius received much more
annually from his peacocks: every
peahen's egg cost two shillings ; a
pair of pigeons five shillings, and

often much more, for in Varro's
time they sold for ,=£20. As the con-
sumption of all these birds increased
so prodigiously, aviaries were build
in order to furnish a sufficient quan-
tity of them, and these were more
extensive than were formerly whole
villas.

So much for the luxury of the liv-
ing. But even in death these peo-
ple did not renounce their prodigal-
ity. h\ ancient Rome things were
certainly very different. Menenius
Agrippa died so poor that the peo-
ple collected <£C0, to defray the ex-
pences of his funeral. The same
was done on the death of Valerius
Publicola, when the gratitude of
the whole Roman people contribut-
ed no more than «£i00 or ^500 to
bury him. On the contrary, as early
as the time of Sylla, 210 hand-bar-
rows of fragrant spices were thrown
upon his funeral pile. At the funeral
of Poppaea, Nero consumed more
cinnamon and cassia than all Arabia
could afford in a year. Pliny esti-
mates the value of these articles, with
which Rome was furnished by India*
at upwards of .£800,000 per an-
num. If to this we add the expence o£
the funeral pile itself: of the costly
garments, gold, silver, and precious
stones which were thrown into the.
flames; of the entertainments given
to the public ; of the fights of gla-
diators, the monuments and manu-
missions— how often must the heirs
have involved themselves in total
ruin for the sake of empty honour !
Isidorus, a common citizen, direct-
ed that his funeral should cost
^£55,000 ! Anteros, a freedman and
afterwards a sevir, bequeathed to his
colleagues <£j00O for an annual en-
tertainment. Nero's funeral cost

58£

ON INSURANCE offices.

upwards of one million and a half
sterling-,

From all these facts we may de-
rive the melancholy consolation,

that if luxury should in our days
increase even in a tenfold deorcc.
still there would be nothing new un-
der the sun.

BCgansT-*?*^ W ^

DESCRIPTION OF A CANDLE-SCREEN :

Communicated by Miss D. Ball, of Cottingham, near Hull, corresponding Member
of the Philological Society, to the Rev. Adam Clarke.

The glare of candlelight is often
very painful to my eyes, and I have
made many attempts to soften and
improve it, so as to bring it nearer
to the natural light of the day ; and
I hope I have at length, in some
degree, succeeded.

I have observed, that the flame
of a candle consists chiefly of red,
orange, and yellow light; while
the paler colours, which are the
most grateful to the sight, take up
but a very small proportion of it.
In order to remedy this defect, I
have had a screen made, which re-
flects the deficient colours, and pro-
duces a very agreeable light, much
paler, and less dazzling than that
of a candle without such an assist-
ance.

The screen is of a funnel shape,
and twelve inches across in the
widest part, with an opening at the
top of about two inches and a half.
It is composed of eight panes of
glass, fixed into a frame in the
same manner as a gardener's cover,
and on the inside of the frames are
pasted pieces of stained paper, cut
to the size of them, of the four last

of the prismatic colours, green9
blue, violet, and indigo ; the oppo-
site panes all round being of the
same colour. It slips up and down
upon an iron rod, which is fixed to
a tin candlestick, made for the pur-
pose, with a broad heavy bottom
to keep it steady.

White glass, either lined with
stained paper, or painted on the
inside with body colours, is to be
preferred to coloured glass; because
some degree of opacity is necessary
to conceal the flame of the candle
from the eyes : and a glass frame
thus lined, has the advantage of
painted tin, as it is sufficiently
transparent to throw a much greater
degree of light over the apartment
where it is used. The colours should
be as bright as possible, because no
artificial ones can equal those of the
sun's rays. 1 should think there is
no reason to fear any danger from
the screen's being lined with paper;
as when paper is pasted down to
glass, it will not easily take flame,
and if the screen be properly fixed,
the flame of the candle will never
touch it.

Sir,

The other day, I happened to
be in company where some hyper-

critics were falling foul of the Cattle

ON INSURANCE OFFICES.
TO THE EDITOR.

Life Insurance Company, on ac-
count of its name ; which, accord-
ing to these wise gentlemen, is ab-
surd. I own, Mr. Editor, it is not

ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY. 383

altogether conformable with the
ceramdii mode adopted by most
otiier insurance companies ; but I
leave it to common sense to deter-
mine on which side the absurdity
lies. One of these insures us a per-
petual fire from the great luminary
of day, dissipating the fear occa-
sioned by eclipses : another limits
its security to the Royal Exchange :
whilst a third, with bolder step,
presumes to insure all London.

There are two others apparently
at variance : the one proposes to in-
sure the whole Globe ; whilst its
adversary is running away with it.
Some of them have been so much at
a loss how to describe themselves,
as to confine their appellations to
national distinctions or titles : thus
we have the British and (he Impe-
rial. But one of the most extraor-
dinary attempts in this line, is that
of subduing despair, which I sup-
pose to have been completely ef-

fected by th&jlope. The admirers
of vEsop come next in order, or the
insurers of the lives of birds only.
That of the Eagle may be pretty
safe ; of the Pelican, we can hardly
say so much : but to insure the
Phccnix from fire, is tantamount to
insuring a man from dying.

The Union, I apprehend, cannot
be much known, otherwise we should
not find so little of it in married life.
I hope, however, ministers did not
overlook it Avhen they formed the
political union between this and its
sister kingdom. The Hand-in-hand,
I presume, was set on foot by some
dancing-master. But what can be
the concerns of the Rock Life In-
surance office, unless to guarantee
the lives of infants in the cradle, I
am at a loss to guess.

I am, Sir, '

Your obedient, humble servant,
Bos.

West Smithfield, Nov. 15, 180Q.

ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY.

TO THE
Sir,
The observations of the Econo-
mist in your eighth number, induce
me to trouble you with another let-
ter ; in which I have endeavoured
to describe some more of the impo-
sitions and disappointments that 1
have suffered from my credulity, in
listening to the delusive speculations
of the theorist, and from not having
such a knowledge in mechanics, as
would have enabled me to distin-
guish the real, from the pretended
mechanist. I was led on by the
expectation of enjoying those pro-
fits and advantages, which were
said to accrue from having the

EDITOR.

most difficult labours abridged by
machinery. Elated with this idea,
and wishing to be thought an im-
proving farmer, I began to make
enquiries for a mechanic, who could
erect, what was said, to be the most
important implement upon alarm —
a good threshing-machine.

I rode some hundreds of miles, to
select one of the best construction.
I saw many, erected by different
makers, all of which were much
praised by their proprietors ; till,
at length, I was recommended to
a noted maker, in a distant county.
To him I gave the necessary orders,
and, in a short time, Jie sent the

^?4 ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY.

mill-wrigbfs, whom I admitted as
inmates in my house, to lodge and
board.

The day after their arrival, •they
foeg*n to attack the side of one of
my old barns, in the place supposed
to be the most convenient for ihe
machine. After a few hours work,
I was informed that I must call in
the carpenters, with wood of proper
dimensions, to support the falling
timbers, which had stood the ding-
dong of flails for ages, but were now
thought too weak to stand the unit-
ed power of four horses, and the
tremulous jar of a machine. The
barn being secured, and the machine
erected, my bacon-rack and beer-
cellar nearly exhausted by the keen
appelates of the mill-wrights and
carpenters for more than two months,
I began to anticipate large pro-
fits, to cover the expences that I
had already incurred. The day was
appointed, to try the effect of my
new machine ; on the arrival of
•which, my neighbours assembled
with impatient anxiety to view the
important result. Four of my best
horses were harnessed in an appro-
priate costume, to whirl about the
ponderous wheels that were to ac-
complish all my wishes, to save my
corn, and abridge my labour. But
judge ye, who have known the throbs
of sanguine expectation, of my dis-
appointment and confusion, when,
after arranging the labourers in at-
tendance, by placing ewery man in
his proper station, and drilling them
to their respective parts, each ex-
erting himself to the utmost, and
vying with each other which should
soonest perfect himself in his new
employ — in less than two hours
my horses stopped through exces-
sive iatiguej their natural colour

being black, which was completely
changed, by perspiration, to no co-
lour at all, by their appearing as
white as the driven snow.

I concluded, from this great la-
bour, that the machine was not
right ; and being ignorant of the
necessary fitness of all its parts, I
was persuaded by the maker, that
it would work much easier in a day
or two, when the axes had worn
themselves down to their proper
bearings, as all machines required
the most power to work them the
first day : but I have been since in-
formed, by a man of some practice,
that this was the language of an im-
postor, as all axes ought to be ac-
curately turned in a lath for that
purpose, and completely bedded in
their bearings at the time the ma-
chine is put together, and that it
should not work harder at first than
at any other time. Be this as it
may, the imposition answered the
maker's purpose; for it induced me
to pay him without a further trial,
and I have never seen him since, to
reason on the subject.

The next da}', I minutely exa-
mined the work : the straw, which
was of wheat, was threshed tolera-
bly clean— cleaner, I thought, than
from the flail, but beaten very short.
A few whole ears without straw
were found ; but those, we pre-
sumed, had not passed through the
machine : but on a closer examina-
tion, we found, amongst the straw
that lay nearest to the machine, se-
veral of these cars, which had ob-
viously passed through, and had
been beaten from the straw in that
operation.

I again put it to work, but was
again obliged to stop at the end of
two hours, owing to the excessive

ON TKE IMPROVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY. 385

fatigue of the horses. I then had the
.corn winnowed and measnred ; and,
tomy great disappointment, I found
it but very little more than the men
employed would have threshed with
the ftail ; and the short ears above
described, were obliged to undergo
that operation before the corn could
be effectually disengaged. This,
with the difficulty of separating the
corn from the straw when beaten so
short, I found to be more expensive
than the flail for wheat, and parti-
cularly where the straw was wanted
for thatch and other purposes.

I then directed my attention to
the threshing of barley, oats, peas,
beans, &c. The barley I was oblig-
ed to put twice through the machine,
and then it was not effectually
threshed : besides, the greater part
of the beard or oilings was left on :
by which the corn hung so much
in the straw, as to render the sepa-
ration very difficult and imperfect,
owing to the large quantity of pault
or caving produced by the machine.

Of oats, it threshed a greater
quantity, but not cleaner than the
flail, or at less expence.

Peas and beans it appeared to be
the best calculated to thresh ; but
for these, it required too much
power to render it useful. Under
all these considerations, my machine
has stood as a species of lumber, or
rather as a monument of my folly
and credulity, upwards of three
years ; in the course of which time,
I have made several tours into dif-
ferent counties, where 1 found many
gentlemen and farmers in my situ-
ation. They had erected machines,
but like me, found it more to their
interest, to put up with the loss, and
let them remain out of work. I
found at the farm of one gentleman,
No. XII. VqL II.

who is the greatest agriculturist in

the county of Norfolk, two machines*

that had been standing still five

• ...

years, one of which required the

enormous power of ten horses to
work it.

With my own dear-bought expe-
rience, and so many examples of the
failure of others, impressed upon
my mind, I had almost determined
to turn a deaf ear to all pretended
attempts at improvements of this
kind ; but meeting by accident
with your valuable Repository,
and being fond of field sports, your
masterly engravings on that subject,
induced me to become a purchaser
of the work. There I met with the
practical and judicious remarks of
the Economist; and, I must acknow-
ledge, that his candid and liberal
observations have suspended my
judgment for the present, and
drawn from me this statement of
my case ; trusting, that many of my
profession, who have, unfortunate-
ly, been fellow -sufferers in the same
speculation, will have the goodness
to favour your agricultural readers
with an account of their disappoint-
ments, from which may be derived
some practical good, if it be only to
warn "others from falling into the
same error: but I should farther
hope, that it would tend to excite a
spirit of invention, that would dis-
cover some simple mode of effecting
a complete separation of corn from
its straw and chaff, without a liabi-
lity of waste, as I perfectly agree
with that philosophical remark of
the Economist in your eighth num-
ber ; " This immense power must
certainly be wrongly applied, as
the adhesion of corn to its straw is
not so great, as to require the power
of horses to disengage it." To the
3F

1FG OX WOMEN FREQUENTING THE THEATRE AT ATHENS.

truth of this, every farmer, after a
tent's reflection', will agree, and
bail with me the happy Hay, wJien
the power of man can be applied
with more certainty and effect than
■with the flail. If you i correspond-
ent can, even by bringing tile sub-
ject under discussion, lay the foun-
dation of such a discovery, he will
be entitled to the best thanks of his
country ; as mechanics have as
yet never been applied in any age,
or country, to a subject of more
universal importance to mankind,
than the complete separation and

preservation of the farinaceous pro-
ducts of the earth.

I am enabled, from my own prac-
tice in farming, to conclude, that
the observations of the Economist,
on the waste of agricultural pro-
duce, cannot be too strongly im-
pressed on the minds of your read-
er.-, as I am confident, the loss we
annually suffer is indescribable.
If this can be s ved without ex-
pence, I shall continue no longer
an obstinate

Farmer.

EXAMINATION OF THE QUESTION, WHETHER IT WAS
CUSTOMARY FOR THE WOMEN OF ANCIENT ATHENS
TO FREQUENT THE THEATRE.

(By Mr. Bottioer*.)

The author had, in various pa-
pers, incidentally contended, that
the female inhabitants of Athens, at
least while that state was in the full
enjoyment of its independence, did
not attend the dramatic representa-
tions of their native city during the
festival of Bacchus. But though
some eminent critics, e. g. Jacobs,
adopted his opinion, the majority
of the literati among his country-
men dissented from him ; and pro-

fessor Bockh.

of Heidelberg,

last

year published a dissertation, en-
titled Grcccm Tragcedice Principi-
ttm, in which he, on the authority j
of three passages of Plato, roundly
asserted, that Mr. Biittiger's opi- j
nioii on this particular was unrea- j
sonable. This induced Mr. B. a
few weeks after, to insert, in a
kind of literary gazette of repute,

* Mr. BottigeY, Aulic counsellor and di-
rector of the royal pages at Dresden, is one of
the most distinguished scholars, and the first

iu cliKologists, of the Continent. — H.

called the Blorgenblatt, a learned
and, as it appears to us, satisfactory
reply ; of which we, circumscribed
by our limits, are able to give only
the substance. The well-known and
improbable story, that, on the first
acting of the Eumenides of YEschy-
lus, several pregnant women were so
terrified at the masks, as to mis-
carry, is passed over by him in the
present essay, as he has fully dis-
cussed its merits elsewhere.

The accomplished women, who,
according to Plato, legg. II. would,
as a matter of choice, prefer trage-
dies, are only mentioned by him
hypothetically. He means, they
would do so, if it rested with them
to cause. But are not these accom-
plished women in ancient Athens a
great rarity ? and are we not to look
for them only in Plato's ideal repub-
lic, or only in the school of a Thco-
dota and Aspasia ? In the second
passage of Plato, legg. VII. (torn.
VII. p. SSO. Bip.) a strolling com-

ON WOMEN FREQUENTING THE THEATRE AT ATHENS.

-■<

pany of tragic actors, who have ;
raised their stage in the market-
place, and are about to perform
before a motley group of women,
children, and rabble, is checked and
censured by the following address of
the ideal legislature : " Our whole
polity is a sublime tragedy." As-
suredly it is not to be inferred from
this, that the respectable wives and
daughters of citizens in Athens vi-
sited the public theatres during the
holidays. But the third passage of
Plato, adduced by Bockh, seems
to carry greater weight than the
preceding. It is in Gorgias (torn.
JV.p. 121. Rip.). Socrates there
charges even tragedy with coquetry
and a censurable use of the art of

rhetoric. " It is," says he, " a
species of rhetoric addesscd to the
people ; that is to say, to a medley
of children, women, men, slaves,
and free persons." The definition,
which Socrates is here made by
Plato to subjoin to the term people,
can only comprehend the general
idea. However, 1 will not avail my-
self of this objection ; thinking, as I
do, that Plato, in the present pas-
sage, mentioned the women and
children as part of the audience.
But, independent of other consider-
ations, the circumstance alone of
their appearing, on this occasion,
associated with slaves, will afford a
criterion of determining to what
particular class they are to be re-
ferred. Never shall 1, by authorities
like these, be persuade'd to believe,
that an EI pin ice, the wife of Ischo- '
machus, and who appears so re- !

spectable a character in Xenophon ;
or even a Lysistrata, such as she is
represented by Aristophanes in the
drama of that name ; or by the
amiable author of the travels of Ana-
charsis the younger, who makes her
the wife of Dinias — resorted to the
theatre, and were promiscuously
seated among men. To convince me
of the contrary, I must wait for
some more conclusive arguments.

Meanwhile, I beg leave to add
the following general observations :
1. When I maintain, that no mar-
ried woman of respectability, and
much less any unmarried woman of
character, frequented the theatre at
Athens, I do not pretend to deny,
that women of the lowest descrip-
tion, fish-women, fruit-sellers, and
courtezans, found admittance there.
But such females were of no ac-
count, nor did they pay ; for though
the choragi, who were wealth}^ citi-
zens, defrayed the principal ex-
pences attending the dramatic re-
presentations, and remunerated the
actors, something was paid at the en-
trance, towards covering the char-
ges fop certain additional prepara-
tions. It appears, from the cha-
racters of Theophrastus, that the
miser, attended by his boy, went
to the theatre at the precise hour
when persons were admitted gratu-
itously*.
(To be continued in the Supplement. )

* Vide Char. XV. p- 32. ed. Sckneid. To de-
termine the difficult point, what was paid at
the theatre, and on uhat account, we ought
previously to know at what period Athens ie*
ccived a standing and stone-built theatre.

3F2

3SS
PORTRAITS OF THE TYROLESE DEPUTIES.

With the subjoined document, we have the pleasure to present our readers with cor-
rect likenesses of the two Tj/rolcse deputies, who are charged by their biave coun-
trymen, to explain to the British government the state of their affairs, and to solicit
those succours which the English nation has never yet withheld from a people strug-
gling to preserve all they hold dear from the grasp of universal despotism. We
are also enabled to promise, in our Supplement, an engraving, from an original por-
trait, of their celebrated leader, Hoffer; which will be accompanied with bio-
graphical particulars of those characters; and also an authentic sketch of the cha-
racter, manners, and genius of the inhabitants of the Tyrol. From the general
interest which has already been excited here by the heroic conduct of these peo-
ple, we presume that they have not solicited our aid in vain. Sound policy seems
to point out the propriety of keeping alive that glorious flame which has burst forth
amoojr them with such tremendous effect, and of bearing in mind the expressive ad-
age— 11 faut tenir du feu aux caidres.

SUBSTANCE OF THE STATEMENT OF THE TYROLESE

DEPUTIES.

The county of Tyrol and the seven
principalities of Voralberg have, for a
series of centuries, constituted an heredi-

tary portion of the Imperial House of
Austria. The people inhabiting these
countries distinguished themselves in eve-
ry war by such undaunted valour, that
the emperors successively conferred upon
them very considerable, privileges. Dur-
ing the seventeenth and the last centuries,
when the Swedes, French, and Bavarians
made such rapid advances in the German
empire, these provinces always repulsed
the enemy with considerable loss, in the
year 1703, particularly, when the Bava-
Tian army had penetrated into the Tyrol,
it was so ill received, that scarcely a few
remained to attend their elector back.
The attachment of the Tyroleans and
Voraibergers to their emperors was always
firm ; for they governed them with signal
and paternal mildness, faithfully preserv-
ing their privileges. Thus, though not.
blessed either with a delicious climate,
or a fertile soil, these pastoral nations,
not aware of their poverty, led a very
contented and happy life in their cot-
tages, until the war of the French revo-
lution broke out. The vallies were in-
habited by thousands of persons, who,
before that period, had never seen a sol-
dier; bit thenceforward whole armies
traversed their country, some proceeding
to the interior of Germany, and others
going to Faly. The poor inhabitants
furnished them gratuitously with provi-
sions and all sorts of necessaries, and
thereby put themselves to great inconve-
nience. Still, they not, only refrained
from murmurs, but evinced their loyalty
by the erection of a corps of Tyrol and

Fieldyagers" — all of them volunteers and
natives; who, in addition to their pay, were
allowed by their couni rv nine creutzers
each man daily. It is to be observed,
that the male population in those moun-
tains, is, from its eighth year, trained to
the use of the gun by hunting as well as
firing at targets. Such superior marks-
men, as this ancient practice makes of
them, must, it may easily be supposed,
prove a great addition to any army. In
(act, they have ever uncommonly signal-
ized themselves in all Austrian wars.
Vet they could not stem the current of
disaster which overwhelmed the arms of
their government, and in 1794- the enemy
approached their frontiers.

The emperor now summoned his brave
and beloved Tyrol or Voralberg subjects,
reminding them of their ancient fame for
sharpshooting. But they had anticipated
the summons by organizing, of their own
accord, a levy en masse. They hastened to
the defence of the frontiers, and thus pre-
served their countries free from invasion.

In 179S, the enemy again attempted
to make inroads from Italy, Switzerland,
the Grisons, and Swabia. He only suc-
ceeded on the side of the Grisons, where
the passes were but weakly guarded, as
the main forces had been dtspatched to-
wards Swabia and Italy, where the ene-
my, likewise, was strongest. Still the
invaders kept only four days possession
of the Pfintschgau, when they were vi-
gorously driven back upon the Grisons
and the Engadine, though, in their re-
treat, they pillaged and burnt the towns
of Mais and Glurens.

War having again broken out in 1799,
their frontiers were also menaced. The

Voralberg chasseurs, called " the Tyrol |> inhabitants immediately repaired thither

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STATEMENT OF THE TYROLESE DEPUTIES.

539

to guard them ; and in 1 800, when Mar-
shal Masse na had crossed the Rhine near
Feldkirk, in the Voraiberg, with a very
superior and victorious force, he was,
there as well as near the almost impreg-
nable nioun tain- fortress of St. Luciensteig,
so completely defeated, as to lose several
thousand in killed and prisoners, besides
a great quantity of field-pieces and am-
munition. They also dispossessed him
of the Orisons, and pursued him, in com-
pany wiih other troops, as far as Zurich.

After a few years quiet, the flames of
war rekindled more furiously than ever
in 1801. The inhabitants of the Tyrol
and Voraiberg were at once attacked on
every side, so as to be rendered dubious,
whither to carry relief first. Notwith-
standing, the enemy was valorously
checked at every point, and suffered, es-
pecially on the banks of the Scharuitz, a
dreadful discomfiture. Unfortunately,
thei individual bravery could not retrieve
the general cause. By the terms of the
armistice entered into after the disastrous
battle of Hohenlinden, the Tyrol and Vo-
raiberg, countries that had constantly bid
defiance to the victorious troops of France,
were surrendered as pledges ! It was then
that the real hardships of these poor
mountaineers began. Their barren coun-
tries, even before drained of their little
pittance, were now obliged to maintain
a body of French troops, in addition to a
corps of Austrians. The savage foreign-
ers were destitute of every thing, and all
their wants were to be supplied. This
dreadful calamity lasted three months, a
calamity which the ever unsubdued Ty7
rolese and Voralbergers imagined to have
little deserved by their firm attachment
to their emperors.

Bonaparte's insatiable ambition having
stirred up war once more in 1805, he or-
dered the Tyroiese and Voralbergers to
be attacked in every point. Marshal . ley,
on the banks of the Scharnitz, repeated
his attack thrice. He was driven back
with immense slaughter. The same fate
shared the Bavarian Generals Deroy and
Siegbien, who made a vigorous assault
upon Kufstein and the pass of Strub.

These efforts, however, were unable to
counterpoise the disastrous surrender ol
Ulm by General Mack, and the calami-
tous issue of the engagement of Auster-
litz ; in consequence of which, Bonaparte,
in the peace of Presburg, made the ces-
sion of the Tyrol and Voraiberg an ex-
press condition.

It is not in the power of language to
describe the feelings of the honest Tyrol-
eans and Voralbergers at the receipt of
this melancholy intelligence. Ever since
1794, when the revolutionary war began,
their brilliant victories had not been sul-
lied bv any defeat. They were an heroic
people in the literal sense of the word —
yet the reward of their loyalty was a fate
which usually falls to the lot of the das-
tardly. To render their calamity more
poignant, these indigent shepherds found
themselves involved in the immense debt
of twenty millions of florins.

The emperor of Austria did what he
could to alleviate this heavy misfortune;
he stipulated, that the privileges of the
Tyroiese and Voralbergers should remain
entire. But is there any one so credulous,
or so uninformed of the grand events of
the day, as to suppose, diat Bonaparte
could be bound by any engagements?
Faithful only to his usual treachery, he
no sooner had the invincible Tyroiese and
Voralbergers in his grasp, than he impos-
ed upon them contributions of every kind,
without remitting a single creutzer ; and
having taken this barbarous revenge, he
surrendered them to his recently created
king of Bavaria.

This prince, in his turn, made a point
of impoverishing and oppressing his new
acquisitions. Not satisfied with raising
heavy contributions, he overthrew their
ancient constitution, which they had pre-
served for a series of ages; abolished the
representative states, in order to obstruct
the way to all popular remonstrances, and
seized the provincial, pupillary, and cre-
dit funds. He moreover confiscated all
ecclesiastical property, abolished the pre-
lacies and convents, and sold all public
buildings, to replenish his empty coders.
What proved more painful to the inhabit-
ants 'than all these oppressions, was the
disposal of the ancient and original castle
of the counts of the Tyrol.

Every successive month was marked
with a list of new exactions and taxes,
that were levied with the utmost rigour.
Coin had become uncommonly scarce,
and the Bavarian government enhanced
the embarrassment, arising from this cir-
cumstance, by depreciating the Austrian
bank bills, which were still in circulation,
to one half of their nominal value. This
operation caused to the countries in ques-
tion a fresh loss, amounting to at least
twenty millions of florins.

To crown ail these oppressive measures;

590

STATEMENT OF THE TYROI.ESE DEPUTIES.

Bavaria had it in contemplation to change
the very names of the provinces of Tyrol
and Voralberg, by calling them after the
principal rivers, and incorporating them
with her own dominions.

These excessive hardships lasted three
years. Petitions and complaints were
not only rejected, but by an express law
absolutely prohibited.

When, therefore, in the beginning of
the current year, it appeared certain that
a new contest between Austria and France
was inevitable, the intelligence was greet-
ed by the poor Tyroleans and Veralberg-
crs, as the rising sun is hailed by the shep-
herd. Scarcely had they received the
news of the movements of the two hostile
armies, before they rose in a mass. Their
outset was brilliant beyond expectation.
The troops of the enemy sent against them
Consisted of 27*000 men, whom thev re-
solutely attacked in all points. Their
tictory was complete ; those of the ene-
my who escaped with their lives being
either wounded or taken prisoners: among
the latter were two generals. The sharp-
shooters took, besides, a great quantity of
cannon, ammunition, arms, and several
s and of colours. This memorable battle
was fought on the I Oth and 1 Ith of April
last. The merit of it belongs solely to the
valorous inhabitants of the Tvrol and Vo-
ralberg; for the regular Austrian army,
hastening to their relief, did not join them
before the 13th of April : it was received j
by the conquerors with drums beating, j
and colours flying, while shouts of joy j
and " long live our beloved emperor j
Francis," rent the air.

Those who know the mildness of Bona- |
pane's temper, will be able to conceive
an iilea of the impression which this news
made upon him. He instantly directed
Marshal Lefebvre, supported by the Ba-
varian generals Wreden, Derov, and
Sibbein, at the head of '24,000 men, to
march against the Tyrol ese by the way
of Salzburg. General Rusca, with 8000
men, was ordered to advance from Italy,
while General Ferron, approached from
Carinthia, and General Marmont, from
Bavaria and Suabia, with from six to seven
thousand troops more. This was certainly
a very formidable force, which would
have conquered, and even annihilated any
other two nations of equal numbers. The
conflict, indeed, was obstinate and terri-
ble. But the enemies were defeated, all
but. Lefebvre, whose force was too large,
and whose devastations and cruelties were

such, as to spread terror every where.
He burnt towns and villages, and gave
quarter to no one. The aged were sus-
pended from trees, and then shot. The
pregnant women had their bellies ript up,
and their breasts cut obj while their em-
bryos were crammed down their throats,
to put an end to the shrieks and meanings
of the wretched victims. If a Tyrolese,
or Voralberger, bearing arms, had 'the
misfortune to fall into their hands, they
immediately tore out his tongue. The
children were cut down without mercy,
and most frequently carried about, trans-
fixed with bayonets. A number of these
innocents, happening to return from
school, were met with, and driven by these
monsters into some barns and burnt alive.
Lefebvre and his cannibals imagined
to be able to intimidate the Tvrolese and
Voralbergers by such cruelties ; but they
had the very opposite effect. The Tyrol-
ese sharpshooters now resembled blood-
thirsty lions ; they rushed upon Lefebvre,
and totally defeated him; thousands of
the enemy were slain, and the general,
accompanied only by a few remnants of
his great force, sought safety in an igno-
minious flight, directed towards Vienna.
The result of this complete victory was,
that the Tyrol and Voralberg, being now
freed from their invaders, served as an
asylum to those Austrian prisoners who
had been taken by the French at Ratis-
bon, Aspem, and Esslingen, and who
found little difficulty in making their es-
cape. About ten thousand of them pro-
fited by this opportunity : they were
nearly naked; and the expence of cloth-
ing and arming them anew, proved no
small burthen to their hospitable friends.
Another advantage of this victory dis-
played itself in the superior courage with
which it inspired the conquerors. They
now sallied forth beyond their frontiers to
seek the enemy, In Bavaria they ad-
vanced as far as Munich, the capital city.
In Suabia they took Kempten, pushing on
beyond Memming and Ulm. In Italy,
they proceeded too within a few miles of
Verona; and some corps over-ran Ca-
rinthia and Salzburg, then already in the
power of the enemy, so as to become, to
a great degree, masters of those countries.
Notwithstanding these successes, the
conquerors were guilty of no cruelties or
acts of oppression. Not a single house was
pillaged by them — not a barn laid in
ashes. No peasant was ever taken pri-
soner or insulted. The wounded enemies

STATEMENT OF THE TYROLESE DEPUTIES.

301

were particularly taken care of : it was
the usual practice to carry them on should-
ers into some house. The Tyrolese and
Voralbergers acted throughout from an
honourable ambition to shame .their cruel
enemies, and convince them of the su-
perior humanity of poor German moun-
taineers. Neither France nor any of her
allies can adduce a single instance of their
prisoners having been ill treated, either
in the Tvrol or Voralberg ; though the
prisoners from either country were tor-
tured, murdered, or ill used by the
French.

All these glorious achievements, how-
ever, could not arrest the progress of the
enemy in other quarters : inline, an ar-
mistice was again concluded. The corps
of Austrian troops left in the Tyrol, and
consisting, for the most part, of the above-
meniioned refugees, was suddenly re-
called, and carried away all tiie ordnance
and ammunition which the Tyrolese had
taken. Thus the latter found themselves
compelled to abandon their conquests,
and satisfy themselves with guarding their
own frontiers.

Lefebvre, Rosea, Ferron, and other
generals, penetrated once more as far as
Inspruck, the capital of the Tyrol, re-
peating their former devastations and
cruelties ; but the indignation excited
by the re-appearance of those inhuman
chiefs, was such, that the very women,
whose business had hitherto been confined
to conveying the prisoners to places of
safety, assembled in numbers, and put
to death o40 enemies near Landeck ; and
though the whole force of the enemy
amounted to about 30,000, they were
attacked by the'Tyrolese and Voralherg-
ers, who had risen en masse, with such
.irresistible fury, that those who saved
themselves by flight, were pursued to a
great distance, so as to be unable, during
the space of twenty-four hours, to allay
their thirst with a draught of water.

It was in vain that Bonaparte, on hear-
ing this new disaster of his arms, detach-
ed Marshals Macdonald and Ressieres,
with picked troops, against the Tyrolese.
They wave routed and obliged to return.

From the concurring accounts in the
Dutch, German, and French papers,
which are copied into the daily prints of
"London, it is placed beyond all
that the Tyrolese and Voralbergers per-
severe in their obstinate resistance to the
French and their allie*.

They are indeed now free, but at the
expence of very uncommon sacrifice*.
Numbers of them mourn their fathers,
brothers, and sons, not slain in battle, but,
for the most part, murdered in the mint
inhuman manner. Four towns, and twen-
ty-six llourishing villages, are reduced
to heaps of ashes — not to mention the de-
struction of a large number of detached
cottages. These calamities are felt more
sensibly in a climate which is very far
from being mild. The mountains of the
Tyrol and Voralberg have, ever since the
beginning of October, been covered with
snow and ice. The inhabitants, though
accustomed to subsist upon the hardest
fare, can, after so many devastations, pil-
lages, conflagrations, and hardships of
every kind, scarcely get wherewithal to
satisfy the cravings of nature. Multitudes,
at this moment, are happy in being al-
lowed some little coiner in a crowded
barn, stable, or hut.

In spite of all these sufferings, they are
fully determined never to listen to any
accommodation with Bonaparte, or con-
sent to be again governed by the iron
sceptre of Bavaria. This determination,
i hough it may appear rash, can be satis-
factorilv accounted for, from the above-
stated cruelties, exactions, and oppres-
sions. All, to a man, trained to the most
skilful use of the rifle ; inured to the in-
clemencies of the seasons ; defended by
huge mountains, accessible to none but
themselves; surrounded in every direc-
tion by, and allied to, mountaineers that
are animated with the same love of inde-
pendence ; reared up, and happy in po-
vet'ty ; religious ; virtuous from habit ;
utter strangers to luxury, preferring their
barren mountains to the most fruitful soils;
and, above all, remembering the horri-
ble outrages committed by the order of
Bonaparte, to whom they have to oppose
one hundred and fifty thousand sharp-
shooters, in a country where no regular
armies can act, and where they, and they
alone, know the paths to procure sup-
plies, if they have but the means to pur-
chase them. Such a hardy, stubborn,
and athletic race of men, are very formi-
dable enemies : such they have certainly
proved to France ; and no peace which
their beloved prince may have been com-
pelled to enter into, will induce them to
become a party to it.

They are firmly resolved either to con-
quer or die.

59S

DESCRIPTION OF AN ICE LIFE BOAT,

Bj/ Mr. ChEGHORN, of Old Hall, Herts.

Tins machine is for the purpose
of rescuing persons who accident-
ally break through ice in situations
r.ot altogether beyond their depth,
or who are fortunate enough to be
able to support themselves for a
short time on the marginal ice. A
small light boat is enabled to travel
on a surface of ice, by affixing to its
bottom two additional or false keels,
one on each side of the original or
central one, and parallel with it :
they arc about one inch and an
half broad, and are faced with iron :
they project a little below the ori-
gin;.! keel, that the vessel may slide
on them alone ; and a cross rail or
handle is fixed to the sides, a short
distance (three or four feet) from the
stern. On these the boatman holds
and presses the vessel forwards, as
shewn in the figure. It is conceived
that such a vessel will, with the
guide, be able to travel on much
thinner ice than would support the
man if walking alone; because his
own immediate weight will be di-
minished by the quantity of pres-
sure he exerts on the boat, which
again transfers it, with its own
weight, to the
surface it occupies.

greater extent

The boatman should be a light
and active man, and his feet should
be covered with list, or some woollen
substance, to enable him to move
at a brisk pace. He is provided with
a long pole (seen in the figure,)
shod with iron, to push on the ice
occasionally, and a hook, with
which to secure the person in dan-
ger. When the boatman approaches
the broken ice, he steps into the ves-
sel, and pushes it with the pointed
pole, or pulls it with the hook, ei-
ther into the water, or keeping it
still on the dry ice, places it in a
proper situation to seize the party
to be rescued. If the ice breaks un-
der the boatman's feet during his
passage towards the place of danger,
it is considered that he may with
great facility raise himself into the
boat by the stern ; and if the vessel
itself breaks through, the man will
either suffer it to continue afloat,
and will break a passage onwards
with his pole, or endeavour to re-
gain his former situation on the so-
lid ice, according to circumstances.
We understand, that the only ves-
sel of this kind hitherto constructed,
is presented to that excellent institu-
tion, the London Humane Society.

203

Plate 34.— BRITISH SPORTS.

(Continued from page 322 J

THE II ARE.

Or an animal so generally known,
q minute description would be whol-
ly superfluous. Respecting some
of the peculiarities of its conforma-
tion, it may not, however, be im-
proper to remark, that, being fur-
nished "with long cars, which may
be moved and directed with facility
to every quarter, it is instantane-
ously warned of the distant approach
of danger ; ami the largeness and
prominence of its eyes, adapted to
the perception of objects on every
side, equally contribute to its safety.
The hind legs being considerably
longer than the others, and very
strong and muscular, give the hare
a singular advantage in running up
a hill, of which, from an instinctive
knowledge of its powers, it seldom
fails to avail itself, being always
observed to make towards rising
ground when first started, To these
faculties, with which nature, ever
kind and provident, has bestowed
on this timid and defenceless ani-
mal, she has added great swiftness,
by which it is soon enabled to leave
its enemies behind ; so that they
can oidy sei;<e it by surprise, or by
■wearying it out with long and per-
severing pursuit,

Thus formed for escape, appre-
hensive of every danger, and at-
tentive to every alarm, this inof-
fensive animal might be supposed
to live in a state of tolerable secu-
rity : but every rapacious beast and
bird is its enemy ; and man, more
formidable than all, employs a thou-
sand expedients to procure so deli-
cious an article of food for his table.
But the contrivances of the hare for

No. XII. Vol. II.

evading pursuit, are not less nu-
merous, and excite the strongest
admiration. The hare frequently
runs into a pool of-watcr, or swims
to a cluster of rashes growing in the
middle, where she conceals herself
from the view of the dogs ; or cross-
es a stream, in order to break their
scent. She will sometimes run into
a sheepfold, and lie down among
the sheep ; or leap upon an old
wall, and hide herself among the
ivy or weeds growing on the top :
nay, a French writer even informs
us, that he saw one of these animals,
which, after running more than two
hours before the dogs, pushed ano*
ther hare from her seat, and took
possession of it ; thus extricating
herself at the other's risk. Well
might that accurate observer, the
author of the Chare, exclaim, when
considering the sagacity of the hare,

" Let cavillers deny
"That brutes have reason: sure, 'tis some-
thing more ;
*' 'Tis heaven directs, and stratagems inspires,
'*• Beyond the short extent of human thought."

The hare also derives a consi-
derable degree of safety from her
colour, which resembles that of the
places she haunts.

" The wither'd grass that clings
" Around her head, of the same russet hue,
" Almost deceiv'd my sight, had not her eyes,
" W ith life full beaming, her vain wiles be-
tray'd."

In some of the northern regions,
the hare turns white in winter, and
is scarcely distinguishable from the
snow ; which demonstrates the at-*
tent ion of the Author of nature to,
the preservation of his creatures.

The hare is extremely prolific,

394

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C.

breeding four or five times in the
year : she goes with young thirty
days, and generally produces three
or four at a litter. These animals
generally keep within their seats
during the day, going out only at
night in search* of food, and always
return to their forms by the same
paths by which they left them. But
where shall we find a more faithful
account of the habits of these ani-
mals, than in the poet whom we
have already quoted :

" 'Tis instinct that directs the jealous hare
" To choose her soft abode. With step reversed
" She forms the doubling maze 3 then, ere the

" morn
f* Peeps through the clouds, leaps to her close

" recess.
" As wandVing shepherds in th' Arabian

" plains
" No settled residence observe, but shift
(' Their moving camp : now ou some cooler hill,
" With cedars crown'd, court the refreshing

" breeze ;
" And then below, where trickling streams

" distil
" From some penurious source, their thirst

allay,
" And feed their fainting flocks: so the wise

" hares
f* Oft quit their seats, lest some more curious

"eye
" Should mark their haunts, and by dark,

" treach'rous wiles,
" Flot their destruction ; or perchance, in hopes

! " Of plenteous forage, near the ranker mead
I " Or matted blade, wary and close they sit.
" When spring shines forth, season of lov«

" and joy,
" In the moist marsh, 'mong beds of rushes hid,
" They cool their boiling blood. When sum-

" mer suns
" Bake the ckft earth, to thick wide-waving

« fields
" Of corn full-grown, they lead their helpless

" young ;
" But when autumnal torrents and fierce rains
" Deluge the vale, in the dry crumbling bank
" Their forms they de'.ve, and cautiously avoid
" The drippjng covert : yet when winter's cold
" Their limbs benumbs, thither with speed

" return'd,
" In the long grass they skulk, or shrinking

" creep
" Among the wither'd leaves : thus changing

« still
" As fancy prompts them, or as food invites."

Our limits pi-event us from enter-
ing into the details of the hunting
of the hare, of which Somervile
has given so animated a picture. —
From any observations of our's oil
that subject, the professed sports-
man would probably derive very lit-
tle information, and the majority
of our readers (comprehending, Ave
know, a large proportion of the
softer sex,) just as little entertain*
ment.

(To be concluded in the Supplement.)

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &c

Mr. Lambert, who lately travel-
led through Lower Canada and the
United States, ha.s begun to print an
account of his observations on the
present state of those interesting
countries. His work will form three
octavovolumes, and will be illustrat-
ed with a variety of engravings,
from drawings made on the spot.

Sir William Ouscly has made con-
siderable progress in a work, com-

prehending the accounts of Alexan-
der the Great which are to be found
in Eastern writers.

Mr. Robert Semple is about to
publish the observations which he
has made in a second journey thro'
the southern parts of Spain, in which
he visited several important places
not noticed in his former work.

Captain Henderson has in the
press an Account of Ike British

Intelligence, literary, scientific, &c.

395

Settlement of Honduras ; together
■with Sketches of the Manners and
Customs of the Mosquitb Indians.

Mr. George Ensor has nearly
ready for publication the first part
of a Treatise on National Govern-
onent.

Professor White will shortly pub-
lish, under the title of Sj/nopsis
Criseos Griesbachianai, an expla-
nation, in words at lengthy of the
marks and abbreviations used by
Griesbach in his edition of the New
Testament.

A Ndfrdtlve of four Years* Re-
sidence at Tongaiaboo, one of the
Friendly Islands, by a gentleman
who went thither in 1796, in the
Duff, with Captain Wilson, will
speedily be published.

Major Moor's India Pantheon,
in large quarto, with a great number
of plates, is nearly ready for publi-
cation.

Dr. Stokes has in considerable
forwardness a Botanical Materia
Medica, consisting of the generic
and specific character of the plants
Used in medicine and diet, with
synonyms and references to medical
authors.

Mr. Charles Bell will shortly
publish Letters concerning Diseases
of the Uret hra,inaiH>ctixvo volume,
with plates.

Mr. H. Roche, of Sudbury, Suf-
folk, has nearly ready for publica-
tion, a sentimental tale, in two vo-
lumes, entitled The Perfidious
Guardian.

For the inquisitive traveller a ba-
rometer is an instrument of the high-
est necessity, as it is not only ser-
viceable for meteorological obser-
vations, but also for measuring
heights in the countries through
which he passes. The common ba-

rometers are unfit for this purpose,
as the weight of the quicksilver
would break the glass tubes in the
carriage. For this reason M. de
Luc, of Gottingen, a considerable
time since, contrived a travelling
barometer, which was highly ap-
proved. Dr. Schultes has recently
invented a new instrument of this
description, which may be placed
horizontally or vertically, without
suffering the air to penetrate into
the interior cavity.

M, Lampadius, of Freiberg, has
discovered a method of condensing
vapours in distillation more rapidly
than has yet been done. This is ac-
complished by means of a disk at-
tached to the tube of the still, which
has the figure of a lens flattened as
much as possible, and is made of
copper. It produces a much better
effect than the worms hitherto em-
ployed for that purpose.

M. Geitner has, by the aid of
various substances, extracted from
the green shells of horse-chesnuts,
very beautiful yellow and brown co-
lours, and the latter in the greatest
diversity of hues. They are found
to stand both on woollens and silks,
though the stuffs have been wetted
and wrung out, and some of them
even washed in caustic liquids.

Christopher Heeren, organ-build-
er at Gottesbiihren, in Westphalia,
has invented a loom, which performs
all the operations of weaving of it-
Self. Without the intervention of
the weaver, it sets the treadles in
motion, throws the shuttle, and
stops it at the opposite side, loosens
the web v/hen a certain portion is
finished, and winds the cloth upon
the axle. Every thing is kept in
proper order, and the piece of stuff
when finished is smoothed. An in-
3G2

:pg

INTELLIGENCE, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, &C

dex attached to the machine, shews
at any time the number of ells that
arc Ayoven. This machine has as
yet been exhibited only on a small
scale to connoisseurs, and has ob-
tained the highest approbation.

Many ladies of Munich have
learned to knit without needles. The
inventor of this art is M. Nellissen,
a native of the county of Limburg,
who teaches it himself in the Bava-
rian capital. It is, however, yet
very imperfect, as by this method
they can only knit breadthwise, and
not circularly.

M. Rockstroh, of Berlin, has in-
vented a machine for cutting paper
straight with any kind of scissars,
which is likely to be of use to men
of business.

We have already noticed the ex-
periments of M. Degen, of Vienna,
to raise himself into the air. As his
weight exceeded the power of the
machinery with which he effected
this by 34 pounds, he conceived
the idea of combining with it an air-
balloon, conceiving that by means
of the latter he could be supported
in the air, and at the same time have
it sufficiently under his command.
The experiments which, he made
with it, towards the conclusion of
last year, in the Prater, before a nu-
merous company, were completely
successful. He ilew at pleasure in
all directions, raised and lowered
himself, and the balloon followed
him spontaneously whichever way
he turned. The diameter of the
latfer was 19 feet 5 inches. After
deducting the weight of Degen and
his flying machine, the balloon pos-
sessed a power equal to 32 pounds.

The large globe, a foot and a half
in diameter, by the celebrated Sb'z-
mann, to which the public attention

has been directed in Germany more"
than ten years, is at length complet-
ed. It has gained considerably by
the delay, as all the changes and
discoveries that have taken place
during the above-mentioned period,
have been introduced. The seg-
ments were drawn by Sozmann him-
self, and beautifully engraved by
Mosner; the figures of the zodiac are
executed by Bock ; and the mount-
ing is superintended by M. Franz,
of Niirnberg. Before this work
was finished, it was warmly recom-
mended by one whose opinion is
certainly of the greatest weight, by
Colonel von Zach, to whom some
of the segments were sent for in-
spection.

While the Prussian states were
occupied by French troops, the
Academy of Sciences at Berlin, lost
many of the treasures of art which
it possessed, and which it was oblig-
ed to cede to the museums of Paris.
As some compensation, the French
government intends to send it casts
of all the antiques at Paris, taken
off with care.

By the truth and beauty of her
pantomimic attitudes, Lady Hamil-
ton many years since obtained great
reputation at Naples. She has now
a worthy successor in a native of
Germany. Madame Hendel, for-
merly Eunecke, of the Berlin the-
atre, exhibits, on her tour in Ger-
many, attitudes, or pantomimic re-
presentations, from the history of
the Virgin Mary, Cassandra, Ga-
latea, and other remarkable females:
by which the feelings, that must on
various occasions have been experi-
enced by them, are expressed with
astonishing truth, precision, and
grace. Pictures by Raphael, Al-
bert Durer, and other masters, serve

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

597

her for models : but she is not a mere
copyist, possessing herself consider-
able powers of invention. This is
most incontrovertibly manifested in
her representation of the history of
the Virgin Mary, a perfect and
highly finished whole, commencing
■with the Annunciation, and ending
with the taking down of Christ from
the cross. She is particularly suc-
cessful in the expression of mater-
nal love. Peroux, the painter, of
Frankfurt, has delineated her in
twenty-four of her most eloquent
attitudes, for the purpose of getting
them engraved.

The successes of (he French ar-
mies, and their long residence in
Germany, have procured them an
advantage with which they formerly
dispensed in their victories, but of
which they will not fail to avail
themselves in their future military
cnterprizes. They have put them
in possession of a map of Germany,
surpassing all its predecessors in per-
fection and accuracy. Hanover was
surveyed by Epaiilu, chef ' de batail-
Ion, immediately after its occupa-
tion by the corps of Mortier. In
Brandenburg and Silesia, the French
had two years' time to collect the
requisitetopographical information ;
and it is not improbable, that the
beautiful maps of several provinces,
drawn up by order of the Prussian
government, have fallen into their
hands ; as their entrance into Berlin
was so sudden, that a great quantity
of important papers and valuable
effects could not be secreted. Sax-
ony caused a portion of its states to
be surveyed every year : at the re-
quest of the French government, the
work has been for some years acce-
lerated, and the court of Dresden
has made such communications as

were required. It is believed, that
the same has been done by Denmark
in regard to the duchy of Holstein,
and perhaps of the whole Cimbrian
peninsula. The French government
has caused not only the northernmost
provinces of Germany to the North
Sea and Baltic, but likewise the
counties of Stolberg, and the duch-
ies of Weimar, Coburg, Meinun-
gen, Hildburghausen, &c. to be sur-
veyed by engineers. It probably
possesses fewer materials for the for-
mer circle of Franconia; but it is
possible that the grand-duke of
Wiirzburg may have furnished in-
formation, to extend the topogra-
phical knowledge ofthose countries.
OfSuabia and Upper Austria, the
geographical bureau at Paris has a
beautiful manuscript map. Bava-
ria has been surveyed for some time ;
and the map of Tyrol is already en-
graved and sold at Paris. In re-
spect to Austria alone the materials
are perhaps rather scanty, as the
French have remained there too
short a time to undertake extensive
measurements. It is concluded that
this large and complete map will be
given to the public, from the cir-
cumstance that Suabia has already
been engraved at Paris.

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

Facts and Observations on the Pre-
tention, Causes, and Method of
Treatment, in Pulmonary Con-
sumption. By J. Smyth, M. D.
of Brazen-Nose College, Oxford.
Longman and Co. 1809.
In proportion as a disease is fatal
and incurable, do treatises and re-
medies multiply. Many thousands
of the inhabitants of this island an-
nually perish from consumption :
it spreads like a pestilence through

3?I8

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS,

the country, and scarcely a family
exists that does not bewail the un-
timely loss of some dear connection
from this destructive malady. Sure-
ly man was not formed by nature to
bud or to blossom merely to shew
a. fair and seemly prospect of excel-
lence, and then wither and decay,
without producing fruit, without
benefiting- others by his existence !
Yet the most beautiful, delicate
youth, those who give promise of
great mental powers, of the most
amiable affections, are just permit-
ted to attain the most interesting
period of life, and then sink, the
victims of an unsparing disease.
"We are, therefore, thankful to those
individuals who still endeavour to
explore novelty in the beaten track,
and are willing to commend the per-
severance with which they pursue
an enquiry in which so many have
failed. Of the history , causes, and
symptoms of the complaint, we can-
not rationally expect any new in-
formation : but as the science of
chemistry advances in perfection,
we may entertain hopes that more
effectual and potent remedies may
be discovered ; and do not yet de-
spair of the profession being relieved
from what has long been termed its
opprobrium. — Dr. Smyth has col-
lected many interesting facts, and
his work may be perused with con-
siderable advantage. As we pre-
sume most of our readers, when ill,
rather trust the care of their health
to their medical friends, than take
the charge of it themselves, we shall
quote, from our author, some par-
ticulars on the means of prevention,
which, if adopted, may prove ex-
ceedingly valuable.

" It is well known, and we must
all be conscious of it, that by being

exposed to all vicissitudes of wca*
thcr, hot and cold, wet and dry,
and often to all in the course of the
same day, that various changes
must take place in our constitutions,
and that our secretions and excre-
tions must be variously modified ;
and from these, innumerable evils,
and those the most complicated,
must arise. Being thus situated,
and surrounded with such varieties,
we should adopt those means which
are calculated to obviate the ill ef-
fects of such encroachments on the
system. These, I hesitate not to
say, are, generally speaking, com-
prised in warm cloathing; and was
it generally adopted, it would be
the best possible preventive of all
visceral complaints. I am grieved
to say, that the beautiful part of the
creation are most generally the vic-
tims of this disease ; but when the
enchantress, fashion, waves her
wand, reason hath no more domi-
nion over them. Let speculative
philosophers indulge fanciful theo-
ries ; but prudent people, who have
been delicately and tenderly reared,
will find that habit and custom have
so far rendered them subservient to
their dictates, that they must sub-
mit to those indigencies to which
(hey have been habituated. Those,
therefore, who have from their in-
fancy, either from delicacy of frame,
or from an over-degree of parental
affection, been nursed in the lap of
indulgence, must not suppose them-
selves equal in bodily exertions, or
in immunity from danger to atmo-
spheric exposure, to those who have
been born of parents of strong sta-
mina, with less parental tenderness.
Flannel should be worn by all, both
the robust and the delicate, in the
more inclement months, next to the

REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

599

skin, and calico in the warmer
months." — The author then recom-
mends strict attention to the state of
the excretions, and enforces the ne-
cessity of temperance, of avoiding
highly stimulating-food, violent pas-
sions of the mind, and great bodily
exertions, particularly those wherein
much stooping and straining are re-
quired.

A System of Commercial Arithme-
tic, upon a new and improved
Plan. By W. Tate, formerly of
the Mercantile Academy, Little
Tower-street.

The novelty of Mr. T.'s plan ap-
pears to consist in his having divid-
ed his work into two distinct parts :
the theory of numbers, and their
application to the d liferent purposes
of trade and common life ; on the
supposition, as he states, that the
former would prove more intelligi-
ble to the juvenile beginner, if di-
vested of the various calculations
required by the latter; which, he
thinks, ought to be reserved until
the learner's judgment may have be-
come more matured.

Although we have reason to doubt
the superior utility of such a plan,
in as much as theoretical dryness is
rather enlivened by application to
practice ; and as, by Mr. T.'s me-
thod, it is not unlikely the pupil
may have forgotten his theory by
the time he is ready to enter upon
the practice : yet, on the other hand,
does the author's plan open a fair
field for a systematic and philoso-
phical, or, rather, rational treatise
on the elements of arithmetic ; and
such a one the title-page led us to
expect. Our wishes, however, have
pot been gratified to their full ex-
tent in that respect. The rationale
of the science is but sparingly ex-»

hibited, the rules are but seldom
demonstrated, or deduced from the
fundamental principles of numerical
science. We have the greater rea-
son to regret this defect, as in other
respects we are bound to speak fa-
vourably of this performance. The
arrangement is simple and judici-
ous, and the definitions are given
wfth accuracy and precision. But
the practical part of the work, or
" the Commercial Arithmetic," is,
above all, in our opinion, entitled
to the highest commendation. Here
the author has compressed, within
the compass of about 120 pages, the
essence of every information con-
nected with calculation which the
British merchant can stand in need
of. The various computations con-
nected with the doctrine of exchan-
ges, arbitrations, insurances, part-
nerships, interest, discount, com-
mission, brokerage, &c. are eluci-
dated by a number of well-selected
and modern examples, and pre-
ceded by brief, but clear and cor-
rect explanations of the nature of
those transactions ; which prove the
author to be thoroughly master of
these subjects, and eminently qua-
lified to instruct others in the same.

A German and English Spelling-
Book, for the Use of Children,
to assist than in the true Pronun-
ciation of the German: designed
chiefly for the Use of the German
School in the Savoy. Jyy G. F.
Schilling, master of that school,
and private teacher of the German
language. 2s.

We are informed by the author,
that this is only the first part of a
spelling-book, which, the interrup-
tion of our communication with the
Continent, has induced bjun to coin*

400

MUSICAL, REVIEW.

pose; and the whole of which he
intends to publish if lie receives suf-
ficient encouragement. It appears?
to us well calculated to answer the
purposes of instruction; and the care
and judgment which the author litis
shewn in the selection of exercises
for the young beginner, lead us to
augur favourably of that part of his
performance which is yet to corrfe.

Black Rock House ; or, Dear-
bought Experience. A novel.
3 vols. 12mo. 15s.
We must acknowledge, that we
have perused these volumes with
greater pleasure than works of this
nature in general afford ; and should
not hesitate to recommend it to the
notice of all those inexperienced fe-
males, who, disregarding the warn-
ings and injunctions of parents, are
disposed to contract matrimonial
engagements unsanctioned by their
approval. The complicated mise-
ries so often attending one precipi-
tate step, are strikingly pourtrayed
in the history of the heroine of this
novel, whose fate is well calculated
to awaken serious considerations.

But while we bestow the meed of
unqualified praise on the intentions
of the author, and the general prin-
ciples of morality and religion in-
culcated in this work, we regret that
the execution is so defective ; and
that, to say nothing of the improba-
bility of many of the incidents, we
cannot by any means commend the
style of the composition. The in-
termixture of French words is an af-
fectation that we shall never cease
to reprobate, and the slip-slop way
in which some of these are introdu-
ced, proves that the author has
made no great proficiency in that
language.

MUSICAL REVIEW.

No. I. or the Vocal Works
of Handel, with a separate Ac-
companiment for the Organ or
Piano-Forte. By Dr. J. Clarke,
of Cambridge. Price to subscrib-
ers^ 5s.; to non-subscribers, 6s.6d.
We lose no time in bringing un-
der the notice of our readers the first
number of a work which has long
been a desideratum in the musical
world. Every lover of Handel must
feel greatly indebted to Dr. C. for
having, by means of a condensed pU
ano-forte accompaniment, brought
the works of that immortal compo-.
scr within the reach of private or
amateur performance. And this ob-
ject is still more attained by a total
omission of the tenor cliffs. In the
present publication, none but the
treble and bass cliffs are admitted ;
an idea which we certainly approve :
but we think it would have been
well to have distinctly pointed out
the pitch at the outset, lest in the
execution one octave be sung in-.
stead of the other. The present
number commences with Acis and-
Galatea, and the remainder of the
vocal works of Handel are promise
ed to be published in the following
order : Alexander's Feast, Saul,
Dettingen Te Deum and Jubilate,
Messiah, Judas Maccabeus, Jep*
tha, & Allegro ed il Penseroso,
Samson, and, finally, a volume of
Selections from H under sCoronation
and Funeral Anthems. — We have
only to add, that the piano-forte
accompaniment in the present num-
ber is skilfully arranged, without
being overcharged ; a fault but too
frequent in works of this description :
and the typographical part executed
in a very superior style ; the gene-
ral titlepage especially, and the

MUSICAL REVIEW.

401

particular one for Acis and Gala-
tea, are exquisite specimens of en-
graving*

ii 11 Temp to dell a Virtu e il Tern
pio del Piacere," due Notturhi a
4 Voci, eon Accompagnamento
di Piano-Forte. Composti da
G. G. Ferrari. Price 6s.
The taste and elegance which dis-
tinguish all Mr. F.'s vocal works, are
eminently conspicuous in these two
charming glees : a simple, but chaste
melody prevails throughout ; and
the second, tenor, and bass parts, in
the tuttis, combine to produce a
full and correct harmony ; while an
independent melody is alternately
assigned to each ; thus creating a
pleasing variety, and a relief to
each other. The piano-forte ac-
companiment, which is perfectly-
easy, does not in a servile manner
cling to the melody, but acts rather
as a support to the different parts,
and judiciously fills up occasional
voids in the harmony. Neither of
the movements is preceded by any
symphony; a circumstance which,
far from finding fault with, we con-
ceive to have been intentional on the
author's part in a notturno compo-
sition ; the calmness and simplicity
of which vould, in our opinion,
have suffer* d by an instrumental
preface. The lovers of g!ee, and
the admirers of Italian music, will
find an ample treat in the execution
of this composition.

Three Sonatas for the Piano-Forte,
composed, and dedicated to J\las-
ter Labor ie, by F. Fiorillo. Op.
40, pr. 6s.

It certainly cannot be denied,

that men of established fame, who

condescend to devote their time and

"talents to the laudable design of

No. XII. Vol. II.

writing for the improvement of the
rising generation, merit our thanks
in a superior degree ; in as much
as the works which emanate from,
their pen, are best calculated to ac-
celerate the progress of* the youthful
beginner, at the same time that they
instil into the tender and susceptible
mind of the pupil, a correctness of
taste, which not unfrequently serves
as the germ of future excellence.
To thin observation we were led by
the perusal of the present sonatas,
which were evidently composed for
(he benefit of very incipient per-
formers. They are remarkably easy,
and proceed in progressive and com-
parative difficulty. Yet, nofwith-
standingthe extreme facility of their
execution, they are by no means
void of good ideas, tasteful elegance,
and skill of composition. Hence
they may well be recommended as
a pleasing guide to greater works,
to musical scholars of moderate at-
tainments, who must naturally de-
rive great satisfaction and encou-
ragement from being able to delight
themselves and others at so little ex-
pence of execution as these sonatas
require.

Duet, for two Performers on the
Piano- Forte, composed, and de-
dicated to his friend, J. B. Cra-
mer, by Samuel Webbe, jun.
Price 5s.

Greru certainly is the interval be-
tween the abilities required for the
performance of this duet and the
preceding work. In point of com-
position, likewise, and chromatic
harmony, the present work miibt
rank high with every judge of ster-
ling music. Mr. W. whom on for-
mer occasions Ave have already
brought under the favourable notice
of our readers in works of an inferior
3H

402

FASHIONS FOR LAIHES.

cast, has, in the present instance,
most happily blended the style of
the best foreign composers with what
we are proud to designate the Eng-
lish style of composition, and (with-
out detracting from his originality)
produced a most pleasing and skil-
ful combination. His modulations
are novel, the bass throughout mas-
terly, and some fine dolces relieve
the more abstruse and ecceutric pas-
sages in a judicious manner. Upon
the whole, therefore, we have no he-
sitation in saying, that, had Mr. W.
composed nothing before, this duet
would at once decide his rank among
the first of our English masters.
" The Day of Love:" a Ballad.

Music and Words by Thomas

Moore, Esq. Price 2s.

Like Orpheus and the bards of
old, Mr. Moore possesses the rare
gift of singing his own poems : no
wonder then if, under such favour-
able circumstances, his compositions
in general are admirably adapted (o
his words ; a merit which the pre-
sent ballad unquestionably may
claim, independent of its unadorned
simplicity : which, however, nearly

plate 37.-

borders on its extreme, — too great ft
nakedness, if we may be allowed the
expression. In point of difficulty,
therefore, no player, however inex-
perienced, need be deterred from
venturing on a first-sight perform-
ance. By reprinting thrice over the
same music for every verse, the price
is unnecessarily swelled to double
what it ought to be.
" The Dream" a Canzonet (adapt-
ed from the Glee), with anAccom*
paniment for the Piano-Forte*
Composed by W. Ilawes, gentle-
man of his Majesty's Chapels
Royal. Price Is.
Such is the merit of this small
specimen of the author's talent, that
we feel backward in confessing our
ignorance of his name as a composer.
The style of this song is in the man-
ner of the polonaise : a short, but
neat symphony proclaims the sub-
ject; and the accompaniment to the
text is full and well digested. The
change of key at the words " I saz»
thy heart " has a good effect; and
the judicious use of some half-notes
add much to the softness of the
melody.

FASHIONS F

-A TYROLESE WALKING j
DRESS.

A fine cambric or jaconot mus-
lin round robe, with long plaited
sleeves, and worked antique front ;
bordered at the feet with needle-work
or appliqucd lace. Elastic belt,
confined behind with a bow and
ends of ribbon. A plain shirt, with
high collar, sitting close to the
throat, and trimmed at the extreme
edge with a plaiting of French net.
A rosary and cross of blended gold
and amber. A Tyrolese coat of

OR LADIES.

shaded green, or drakeVneck vel-
vet, lined throughout with amber
sarsnet, and trimmed with gold or
Chinese floss binding. The Ama-
zonian helmet, composed of the
same materials, ornamented with a
patriotic band and bow, towards
one side ; a curled ostrich feather,
tipped with gold, on the other. Slip-
pers of amber velvet, with black
bindings and rosettes. Gloves of
York tan.

FLATE 38. EVENING DRESS.

A white satin round robe, with.

Ill

lYl O l ,]E S E V* . ■

ui.h hih.iuw s A'K/'o.vrot.'Y ni./in ■■•> v'/W- VuIl?Mog.aU01. Strand /.t<\n<>.\

i , : / .'. ,■ ■ .

hhlJi.tfl\.\ SBEP0BHOX1 otdRTS t&PabJOt^lfflSog ill I'll Minn, I LONDOB

FASHIONS FOR LADIES.

403

demi"traine, A short sleeve of in-
terjoined lace and gold beading'. A
military front, composed of gold
cord and frogs. A pel er Lie of white
satin, with full collar, and border
of swansdown, and a rich cord and
tassel of gold. A Grecian coif of
white satin, with appliqucd border
of lace, and band and crescent of
pearls. A long sleeve, of French
lace; or a long glove, of French kid ;
with bracelets and necklace of pearl.
Crimson slippers, with gold impe-
rial trimming. Ivory fan, with
mount of crimson crape, ornament-
ed with a border of gold jessamine.

GENERAL OJSSE11VATIONS.

I must congratulate my fair read-
ers on the dawn of a better taste as
it regards winter fashions. I observe
with pleasure, that crimson, purple,
dark green, and brown, are likely
to become the prevailing colours,
with borders of black, gold, or er-
mine; and (hat scarlet, that terrible
destroyer of female beauty, grace,
and elegance, is consigned, I hope
for ever, " to the tomb of all the
Capnlets."

Though an enemy to the common
plan of drawing the names of fashions
from every popular occurrence, I
cannot help strenuously recommend-
ing to my readers the dress formed
upon the Tyrolese costume. It is
agreeable in itself, and will become
peculiarly interesting' if it be consi-
dered as the badge of sympathy be-
tween the British fair and the hardy
inhabitants of the Tyrolean moun-
tains. A brave nation, united by-
love and struggling for independ-
ence, is a grand spectacle on the
theatre of the world; and whatever

be the fate of these oppressed people,
their exertions deserve applause ;
their sufferings, sympathy ; and their
cause, eternal remembrance.

It is the fate of innovators to be
misunderstood and misrepresented :
no wonder then that I, who have
launched my venturous bark into
seas unknown, and traversed paths
hitherto untrodden, should meet
with my share of interruptions and
difficulties. With regard to my es-
say on. harmony of colour, lam told,
that a green dress is most in accord*
ance witli nature on my principles,
because red flowers have green
leaves; and, in consequence of my
last month's essay on the form of
dress, I am charged with recommend-
ing hoop petticoats and tightrlaced
stays, the one being analogous to a
lusty lady, and the other to a female
of a slender make. One lady (whom
I have most unintentionally offend-
ed) has written a long rhyming;
epistle to Sir Arbiter Elegantia-
rum, which certainly contains more
of reproof and advice, than it does
of poetry or argument. She tells
me, in " good set terms," that I
know nothing at all about the mat-
ter : that all colours suit all charac-
ters and all complexions; and that
the attempt to introduce any thin<>-
like taste in their arrangements,
would be to rob the fair sex of half
their charms. She draws her ar: u«.
ments from a flowery bank : to that
flowery bank I would send her as to
a school of harmony, and when she
has maturely considered it, I shall
be happy again to hear from her.

Arbiter Elegcuitiarum*
3 II 2

404

SIXTH LETTER FROM A T
WORLD, TO HER SIST

Well, my dear Constance, again
it is ordained that I pass the winter
in the dear enchanting metropolis.
Do not scold me, sweet sister ! I real-
ly did expect to have made one at
our family fire-side this Christmas ;
but the th oughts ot all your grotesque
sports, Christmas gambols, mistle-
toe kissing, stupid rubbers, starch-
ed parties, and scandal manufacto-
ries, so operated on my mind, when
viewed in contrast with the elegant
amusements, ease, gaiety, mirth, and
splendour of this more polished re-
gion, that I own /rf/d sanction, with
a most ready and grateful assent,
the kind request of our attractive
hostess, for me to take the chance (as
she calls it) of another season in town.
Taking this, then, for granted, I
will set about my customary task,
by the performance of which, I shall
supply you with wings which shall
enable you to soar above all the 616-
gantes of your neighbourhood.

^t our Flemish coat and capuchin
"will reach you in a few days. I
Lave ordered them of superfine Spa-
nish brown velvet, lined throughout
with bright amber sarsnet. The coat
is formed in a plain wrap, sitting
close to the form ; with large Turk-
ish sleeves, and high rounded col-
lar. This coat may be worn without
the capuchin, confined at the side
of the throat with a gold embossed
clasp ; but during the severity of
winiter, you must add (he short ca-
puchin, which you will observe is
also lined with bright amber sarsnet,
trimmed with a broad spotted er-
mine, ornamented round the throat
with two rows of deep antique lace,
and confined in the center with a rich

OUNG LADY IN THE GAY
ER IN THE COUNTRY.

| cord and tassel of shaded brown and
I gold. Bonnets, and the Austrian
| helmet, composed of the same ma-
I terials, are still much worn ; but for
j your wear I have preferred the pro-
i vincial poke, composed of plaited
velvet and satin straw ; with a vari-
egated brown and amber feather,
• and ribbons to correspond. Lady
Mary's carriage cost it vie is formed
in this style ; but is composed of a
pale olive Spanish cloth, lined en-
tirely through with rose pink. She
wears with it an Austrian helmet,
of the same materials, with pink and
silver edgings, cords, and tassels;
and an olive-coloured feather, tipt
with pink. My out-door habit
stands equally high in fashionable
estimation, though it differs in con-
struction from your's. It is a Ro-
man coat of bright apple-green vel-
vet, lined throughout with white
sarsnet. It is made to sit plain and
close to the figure ; has a long Turk-
ish sleeve, and high honey-comb
collar, with Spanish capes, edged
with gold antique binding. It just
meets in front, and is confined at
regular distances, from the throat to
the feet, with gold embossed studs.
Over my shoulders is negligently
thrown a white zephyr tippet; a
most light and elegant appendage,
composed of superfine netted Iamb's
wool and floss silk. My hat, a small
Spanish, with yeoman crown, is
turned up behind and in front, with
a gold button and loop, and orna-
mented with a white willow feather,
drooping towards the left side.
Half-boots of green kid, bound and
laced with black, complete me for

fashionable exhibition,
I

SIXTH LETTER FHOM A YOUNG LADY.

405

Wear out your scarlet gown as
soon as maybe convenient; for tho'
their lively and seasonable effect,
■will continue to recommend them,
yetarelhey become so oppressively
general, that they keep the eye in
a continual blaze. They are ex-
ploded from select circles.

Evening dresses are composed al-
ternately of velvet, superfine gossa-
mer cloth, and double shaded sars-
nets. The white satin bodice, trim-
med with gold, and worn with short
gowns, composed of cobweb mus-
lin, imperial crape, or Turkey leno,
wrought at the feet in a border of
gold or coloured chenille, are ex-
ceedingly convenient change, and
combine much simplicity and ele-
gance.

I have just received an article
from the mercer's, which I think is
particularly pretty. Jt is a sort of
crape muslin, the ground-colour
various, with a small painted Indian
leaf in bright geranium, shaded at
the edge with gold. It is by no I
means an expensive article ; there-
fore 1 have ventured to order you a
Flemish robe of this material. The
ground of your's I have chosen a
bright purple, which is most pleas-
ingly contrasted by the geranium
and gold. You must wear it over
white satin, sarsnet, or glazed pli-
ant cambric. Our hostess has just
received a most elegant robe from
JLe Brune's. It is round, and com-
posed of a lively spring-green vel-
vet; husn demi-trainc, unornament-
ed, but is splendidly embellished
up the front with gold antique de-
vices. It is bordered on each side
of the bosom in triangular points ;
is cut low on the shoulders, and
finished with a roll of plain net,
by way of tucker. It has short
sleeves (which are now become ge-

neral in evening dress) the same as
the robe ; over which is extended a
gold net, corresponding with that
which is to confine the hair behind,
and appropriate with the Persian
diadem, which graces her fore-
head. Never was a costume better
adapted to that majestic style of
beauty which distinguishes the dig-
nified mother of Lady Mary.

The Persian high wrap, and Ty-
rolese jacket, are the most novel of-
ferings for the humbler order of
home and morning dress. Feathers
and flowers continue to decorate the
hat and bonnet ; and gold, silver,
pearls, and gems, variously con-
structed and disposed, ornament the
hair in full dress. More of the fore-
head is displayed of late, and ring-
lets on one side, and sometimes on
both, are gaining in fashionable es-
timation. Crops are fast declining ;
and the cap (with young women)
confined to the morning dress. The
solitaire retains its pre-eminence
amidst the higher order of neck or-
naments. The length of the waist
is diminished a little, and now rests
in an advantageous medium. Th6
stuff gowns are considered by this
time completely vulgar ; but in their
place are introduced, round dresses
of brown or deep purple muslin,
ornamented with vandyke borders,
wrought in shaded lamb's wool. The
effect is lively and attractive; and
the whole displays the invention of
some notable girl, seeking to supply
the deficiencies of her purse, by the
exercise of her taste. Imperial sa-
tin slippers (whether of white, prim*
son, or purple), with gold embroi-
dered coronets at the toes, seem to
retain their place since the cele-
bration of the Jubilee. High colour-
ed shoes and half-boots are fashion-
able for general wear. Besides thi

406

COVENT-GARDEN THEATRE.

colours I have already mentioned as
most in vogue, there is a sort of
light-flame colour, which is exhi-
bited by some of our first-rates, but
in my opinion, it has little to recom-
mend it beyond novelty and singu-
larity. To a fair woman it must give
great insipidity, and it must make
the brunette appear swarthy. With
the large black eye, and a good deal
of natural rouge, it may possibly be
worn with more advantage.

God bless you, dear Constance !
I conclude by this time your anger
with me for not being, as you term
it, true to the call of sisterly affec-
tion, is appeased, your displeasure
vanished, and that I am again re-
stored to your grace and favour ;
which (whatever you may think)
will ever be highly valued by your
indefatigable friend, and really af*
fectionate sister,

Belinda.

PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS.

COVENT-GARDEN THEATRE.

The present season will stand in-
delibly recorded in the history of
the theatre, as an a?ra fraught with,
and portentous of, the most extra-
ordinary events which the British,
or perhaps any other stage, ever
experienced. Never did the violence
or ebullitions of parly rage in the
political world — never did the con-
test between Whigs and Tories —
ministerialists or anti-ministerialists
— Foxites or Pittites — high church
6r low — Jacobins or Anti-Jacobins
— excite more popular clamour, or
more cordial enmity against each
other, than John Bull (as the O. P.'s
are designated) and John Kemble.
The ministerial duel, the chasm in
the administration, and the conten-
tions and mortalities on the Conti-
nent, have all been superseded by
the more important subject of O. P.'s
and private boxes. To attempt to
pourtray any thing like a picture of
the pandaemonium which has for
nearly forly nights disgraced the
great national theatre of the British
metropolis, would occupy no small
space in our monthly llepositoiy. j

The company, particularly in the
line of comedy and opera, is a com-,
bination oftalents, science, and judg-
ment. The only novelty, in the tra-.
gic walk, is a young lady, who, it
appears, has performed a few nights
at Manchester and Newcastle-upon-
Tyne ; and, if we may judge from
the impression she has already madex
even under the dreadful disadvan-
tages of noise and tumult, we may
fairly anticipate, that she will soon
be at the head of her profession^
and a most valuable acquisition to.
the British stage. To her person
nature has been more than commons
ly bountiful: in stature she is rather
above the middle size ; her face is
of the Grecian mould ; her figure is
enriched with much sweetness, has
considerable force and flexibility ;
and she gives a variety to her modu-
lations that does honour to the judgn
ment of a }'Oung lady, who, we un-»
derstand, islittlemore thanninetcen.
She is a native of the city of Chesi
ter, and is a daughter of Mr. Cow-
droy, printer of the Manchester
Gazette.

407

RETROSPECT

Since our last, a definitive treaty
has been signed between France
and Austria, bearing date the 14th
of October. The principal points
of it are, that the Emperor of Aus-
tria cedes to the Emperor Napoleon,
Trieste, Fiume, Carniola, and all
the territories on the south bank of
the Save ; to the King of Saxony,
some districts of Bohemia, included
in the territory of the kingdom of
Saxony, as also the whole of West-
ern or New Gallicia, and a district
round Cracow on the right bank of
the Vistula; and to Russia, a dis-
trict in Eastern Gallicia, containing
a population of 400,000 souls. The
Emperor of Austria also engages to
recognize all the alterations which
hare taken place, or may subse-
quently take place, in Spain, Portu-
gal, and Italy; to break off all inter-
course with Great Britain, and ac-
cede to the prohibitory system with
respect to England adopted by
France and Russia. The Emperor
Napoleon, on the other hand, has
engaged to procure a full and com-
plete pardon for the inhabitants of
the Tyrol and Vorarlberg, who, by
this treaty, were again to be given
up to Bavaria. The observations
■which obviously suggest themselves
on reading the terms of tills treaty,
are, that Bonaparte has by no means
obtained that complete success over
Austria, which he expected at the
commencement of the war. At that
period, he threatened to reduce the
princes of the house of Lorraine,
(as he then called the imperial fa-
mily of Austria) so low that Bava-
ria should be in future a match for
Austria. In his address to the Hun-
garian nation, he required them

OF POLITICS.

to form a separate kingdom. — «
Notwithstanding these formidable
threats, he has concluded a peace
with the Emperor Francis, acknow-
ledging him to be Emperor of
Austria and King of Bohemia and
Hungary. He has also restored to
him Moravia, Vienna, Lower Aus-
tria, and many other districts which
were occupied by the French ar-
mies, and which the Emperor Fran-
cis appeared to have but very little
prospect of recovering by force of
arms. Although the consequences
of the war have been, that Austria
has been obliged to cede provinces
which are computed to contain a
population of three millions; yet the
effects of the peace will be, the re-
storation of many provinces to Aus-
tria, and particularly Moravia, Vi-
enna, and the celebrated bridges
over the Danube; which, when
once put in the possession of the
Austrians, will enable them again
to unite their armies of Hungary and.
Bohemia in case of a future war.
Although by the terms of the treaty^
the cessions appear altogether on
the side of Austria, yet it must be
recollected, that those cessions were
only of provinces actually conquer-
ed and occupied by France and her
allies ; whereas Bonaparte, in order
to obtain a peace, restored to the
Emperor Francis, Moravia, Vien-
na, Lower Austria, Prcsburg, and
a considerable part of Hungary.
Austria has therefore gained much
more in territory and military posi-
tion by this definitive treaty, than
she lost by the long-protracted ar-
mistice of Znaim. It is impossible
for us to know what are the amount
of military contributions which

408

RETROSPECT OF POLITICS,

Austria will be required to pay, or
whether there are any secret arti-
cles in (he treaty to regulate her ar-
maments. If there be nothing in
the treaty but what meets the eye,
we should consider Austria as better
able to contend with France now,
than she has been at any former pe-
riod.

It will be observed, that, by one
of the articles of the treaty, Bona-
parte engages to obtain a full par-
don for the inhabitants of the Tyrol.
The first observation which would
occur from reading this article, is,
that the safest course which any na-
tion can take, is manfully to resist
the common, enemy. If the Tyrol-
ese had opposed but a feeble resist-
ance to the French and Bavarians,
they would have been punished
without mercy as rebels ; but after
Imving defeated and destroyed many
French and Bavarian armies, and
made a very important diversion in
favour of Austria, they became suf-
ficiently interesting for the Emperor
Napoleon to guarantee them a full
and free pardon. He does not even
flesignate them " insurgents," as he
calls the Spanish people, but simply
the inhabitants of the Tyrol.
" Since the conclusion of the peace
between France and Austria, two
deputies from the Tyrol have ar-
rived in this country, and have
had conferences with our ministers.
They have also published a very
interesting detail of the transactions
in their country, which will be
found in another part of this number.
They conclude by saying, that they
are firmly resolved " to conquer or
to die." On the other hand, we
learn from the latest French papers,
that Prince Eugene, at the head of
th© French army of Italy, is charged

with the pacification of (he TyroL
He has published a manifesto, pro-
mising them a redress of all their
real grievances if they will imme-
diately lay down their arms. It is
also positively stated, that the Ba-
varians have entered Inspruck.
If, under these circumstances, Ty-
rol should submit to that enormous
force which no nation on the Conti-
nent has been able to withstand, still
it has gained immortal honour, and
shewn to Europe the only way in
which nations can be successfully
defended. If, on the other hand,
they really have 150,000 riflemen,
well armed, determined to resist
France to the last, it would certain-
ly be the policy of this country to
support iherrf in the contest, if they
could point out any means in which
the succours of England could be
effectually applied. The Tyrolese
war is a great diversion in favour of
Spain and Portugal, and if the
French armies should again fail in
that country, Austria may possibly
be brought back into the war.

Russia has also, since our last,
concluded a definitive treaty with
Sweden, by which the river Torneo
is in future to be the boundary be-
tween the two countries. The loss
of so many provinces reduces Swe-
den to such a state of weakness',
that she scarcely deserves the name;
of an independent power; while
Russia, on the other hand, becomes
more absolute mistress of the Bal-
tic, and gains a population of near
700,000 on the side of Finland ;
while, by the treaty of Vienna, she
also gains 400,000 on the side of
Gallicia. When to these acquisi-
tions are added her conquests on
the side of Turkey, it appears that
Bonaparte permits Russia to ag-

MEDICAL REPORT.

409

grand ize herself very considerably,
as long as she remains in bis alliance.
This is his usual policy to all his
allies in order to reconcile them to
that state of vassalage for which he
destines them.

The affairs of Spain have not ma-
terially changed since out last num-
ber : we shall therefore reserve for
the next, the observations which the
present state of the contest suggests;

We shall only observe at present,
that the Paris papers make no men-
tion of any very considerable French
force, now destined for Spain. The
Tyrol ese war, and the great power
which Austria has developed in the
late campaign, make it, necessary
(as we always supposed it would be)
for the principal part of the French
army to continue in Germany*

MEDICAL

An account of the diseases which
have occurred in the reporter's own
practice from the loth of October,
to the 13th of November j 1809.

Acute diseases. — Fever, 6 — Ca^-

tarrh, 4 Sore throat, 2 Acute

rheumatism, 4 — Pleurisy, 1... .In-
flammation of the bowels, 1 . . .Hoop-
ing cough, 3.... Acute diseases of
infants, 5.

Chronic diseases. — Cough and
dyspnoea, 30....Pleurodyne, 5....
lioemoptoe, 3.... Pulmonary con-
sumption, 4... .Scrofula 3 — Insa-
nity, 2 Asthma, 2 Hypochon-
driasis, 1.... Hysterics, 2 — Asthe-
nia, 8 Epilepsy, 1... .Chronic

rheumatism, 7 — Lumbago, 3....

Rheumatic gout, 2 Gastrodynia,

5 Enterodynia, 4 — Diarrhoea, 6

....Dyspepsia, 5... .Dropsy, 5 —
Jaundice, 2. ...Chronic hepatitis,
2.... Marasmus, l....Hcematemasis,
2. . . . Headach and vertigo, 6.... Pa-
ralysis, 2....Hcemorrhoids, 2 —
Worms, 3.... Diseases of the skin, 4
....Female complaints, 5.

Asthma, coughs, anddithculty of
breathing, have been frequent and
troublesome during the last month.
Bowel complaints, chiefly oolic,
constipation, and impaired digest-
ion, have also claimed considerable

No. XII. Vol. II.

REPORT.

attention; whilst fevers of every
kind have nearly subsided. In some
districts hooping-cough is beginning
to appear, and at the approach of
winter very justly excites alarm ;
for, unless under circumstances pe-
culiarly favourable, children are
likely to suffer, from the violence
of the cough, during the whole of
the winter and spring, and in many
instances never entirely recover.
In this, as in most other complaints
which are frequent, a variety of nos-
trums is continually obtruded on
the public, and various specifics are
advertised for speedily curing an
extremely obstinate and often dan-
gerous complaint. The consequence
of this is, as might be apprehended*
the loss of nany hundred children
annually. It is true, that although
they have worn an anodyne neck-
lace, or a magic belt, swallowed a
succession of drops, and even large-
ly used specific embrocations, some
infants have the good fortune to es--
cape alive. Rut these either have
not had the complaint at all, or they
have had it very slightly ; for when-
ever it appears in its severer form,
the symptoms may always be deem-
ed dangerous, and the least neglect
or mistake in practice may bs fatal.
31

410

AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

In the treatment of this disease,
which continually varies in charac-
ter, according to the constitution
and condition of the patient, and
the state of the season, it were ab-
surd to suppose that the same re-
medy should cure, or prove benefi-
cial, in dissimilar and opposite cir-
cumstances : yet this impossibility

is expected to be accomplished by
quack medicines ! This is even more
ridiculous than the practice of the
Italians in the seventeenth century :
they were then accustomed, in any
illness, to take a single dose of phy-
sic, lose some blood, and leave the
rest to God! " Perche se piacerd
a Dio, guariranno."

AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

The weather in the early part of
last month has been extremely fa-
vourable to the young wheat, which
require a mild season to give them
firm root to withstand the storms
and frosts of winter. The early
sown spreads well upon the ground,
and looks very healthy : the latter,
owing to the dry weather, is but just
making its appearance, and will re-
quire some open mild days, to bring
out the flag, to cover the land,
which is so necessary to ensure a
good crop. The new wheats rise
better to the flail than was expected :
their quality is, in general, fine, from
their not having received so much
injury from the rains as was suppos-
ed. The straw in some counties is
lather short.

Barlies continue to rise a rough
and very indifferent sample ; those
that were harvested without rain,
arc of a very coarse and ordinary
quality : the straw being very flag-
gy, it requires much trouble and
great care to separate the corn from
it when threshed. A remarkable in-
stance of this was exhibited by a
threshing-machine, upon an entirely
new principle, to work by hand, and
to thresh and shake the straw, erect-
ed in the neighbourhood of Hert-

ford, about tiie middle of last month.
When a load of barley-straw that
had been threshed by the flail, at
the ex pence of eight shillings, was
put through the machine, to the
very great surprise of the spectators,
it produced as much good grain as
would have sold that day in Hert-
ford market for sixteen shillings,
just double the sum it cost threshing
in the first instance by the flail.

Oats rise well to the flail, and
only require some sharp frosty wea-
ther to make them good provender.

Peas and beans, where they have
been threshed for hog-feed, turn oui
more than an average crop.

The late sown turnips are very
much improved ; and the very fa-
vourable weather in the early part of
last month, has enabled the farmers
to graze off their heavy crops of
lattermaths, and keep their cattle out
of the straw-yard ; which, from the
heavy rains in harvest injuring the
straw, will be but au indifferent win-
ter resource. The best way to con-
sume this injured straw to the most
advantage, will be to cut it up with
sweet hay, about an inch or an inch,
and an half long, and mix it well by
shaking before it is put into the
trough.

• \j3s3 *T "~ '...-^rr-rr'.

Detr. I8O9.— Vol.2.

>&w.:

1Ci)e Bepositorp

Of Arts, Literature, Commerce, Manufactures, Fashion, and Politics.
Manufacturers, Factors, and Wholesale Dealers in Fancy Goods that come
within the scope of this Plan, are requested to send Patterns of such new
Articles as they come out, and if the requisites of Novelty, tashion, ami
Elegance are united, the quantity necessary for this Magazine
will be ordered, R. Acker mann, 101, Strand, London.

REPOSITQK^ OF ARTS, SCIENCEKd

12.

411

Plate 59.— FASHIONABLE FURNITURE.

Drawing-room chairs are one of the
most essential ornaments of the mansion
and of the palace. The merchant, the
nobleman, and the prince, are each vy-
ing with each other which shall excel in
superb and elegant furniture. The an-
nexed two drawings are specimens of
very handsome chairs ; the frame maho-

gany, richly carved, and gilt in burnished
gold ; the seat and back French stuffed,
and quilted. They may be covered with
the best red morocco leather, velvet, or
(which is far more elegant) rich damask
silk, ornamented with rich Persian fringe,
and beautifully bordered en suite with
the window-curtains.

asrwaesFx-^ra

ALLEGORICAL WOOD-CUT, WITH PATTERNS OF BRITISH

MANUFACTURE.

No. 1. A gold Jubilee muslin, parti-
cularly adapted for the dinner or evening-
party. Sometimes this article is con-
structed in a slip, with short white satin,
or long lace sleeves ; at others, it is
blended with velvet, corresponding with
the spot. The dress, formed of this ani-
mated article, should be made to sit close
to the figure, where a natural roundness
exists. Where the form is spare, we re-
commend introductions of satin or velvet,
rather than a fulness constructed from
the material itself. It is sold by W. and
D. Jeremy, No. 1 IS, Strand, at three
guineas and a half the dress.

No. 2. A Jubilee twill-shawl cambric,
calculated for the wrap pelisse, round
domestic jacket, and for all garments
which come within the intermediate or-
der of decoration. No trimming can be
introduced with the brilliant assemblage
of colours displayed in this article, ex-
cept black velvet ; which we particularly
recommend as a becoming contrast, and
sober chastisement of its attractive, but
somewhat glaring colours. It is to be
purchased at Waithman and Evering-
ton's, No. ] 04, Fleet- street, corner .of
New Bridge -street.

No. 3 is an article of nv-tch novel ele-
gance, and is called a gossamer cloth.
Its texture, of silk and wool, is more hap-
pily blended than any article of prior
introduction. It is calculated for robes,
mantles, or pelisses : the two latter should
be lined with sarsnets of agreeably con-

trasted colours. The adhesiveness of its
qualities will not fail to recommend it to
our fair country-women as an article par-
ticularly adapted to the present graceful
style of drapery. It is to be purchased
of all colours ; but since the happy ce-
lebration of the British Jubilee, gold and
purple seem to continue to hold fashion-
able pre-eminence. It is manufactured
by Win. Preston, of Leeds ; and sold,
wholesale, at 49, Basinghall-street, and
retail at all the respectable woollen-
drapers and fancy-waistcoat warehouses.
No. 4 is a reasonable article for gen-
tlemen's waistcoats, comprising at once
the qualities of comfort, fashion, and ele-
gance. This manufacture was formerly
recommended in the first number of our
work, as best adapted to defend the form
from the chilling effects of a severe
winter. It became the prevailing vest
for gentlemen of the turf and whip-club-;
and since the present embellishment of
the Indian-shawl figure on its ground-
work, it is sought for with so much avi-
dity, that the original inventor has innu-
merable hands employed to answer tho
present public demand. As imitative
beings (of which the universe is com-
posed), we see respectable citizens copy-
ing the garb of these youths of fashion.
In the present instance, we commend
them : for, though not exposed to the
chuce or the warmng elements, there are
situations of utility and fatigue to which,
they are exposed, which will i ender this
312

412

POETRY.

a safeguard and bosom friend. Messrs,
James Harris and Co. of Coventry (to
whom we are indebted for the present
pattern), are the inventors of this stylish

article; which is also to be purchased
of Messrs. Mauiuls and Go. Cornhill; and
sold by the principal drapers and fancy-
waistcoat warehouses in London, &c.

BHSaPHUWSKWW

THE JUBILEE,

Intended to commemorate the fiftieth An-
niversary of our gracious Sovereign's
Accession to the Throne.

Let Freedom's favour'd sons rejoice,
United all with heart and voice,

To hail th' auspicious day,
In solemn ami triumphant strain,
On which began Our monarch's reign,

Aud mild paternal sway.

Blest be the day, for ever blest,
And dear lo ev'ry virtuous breast,

Which to Britannia gave
A sov'reign, whose exalted soul,
And native worth, were form'd to rule

A nation free and brave.

When, as upon this happy day,
Our monarchy first began to sway

The sceptre of the land,
He then most graciously declar'd,
That he his people's rights would guard,

And liberties defend.

Nor has he from his promise swerv'd,
Bui all those sacred rights preserv'd,

Which guard the public weal :
And now the fiftieth time returns
This day, and still his bosom burns

With unabated zeal

Those virtues rare, which long have shed
Unsullied glory round his head,

Still shed i heir lustre round :
Tender, benevolent, and just,
We find him still ; and dare to trust

He ever will be found.

Then let each loyal Briton prove
Hia gratitude ar<d ardent love,

For one so justly dear;
And let us strive to emulate
His goodness, and to im rate

The virtues we revere.

Let joy and gladness spread around,
With soul-reviving mercy crown'd,

To cheer the heart forlorn :
Throughout this highly -favour'd land,
Let Charity's extended hand

Forbid the wretch to mourn.

Wide let the prisons open fly,
That all may taste the genial joy

Of such a day as this :
Let mercy and benevolence,
And sacred pity, wide dispense.

The universal bliss.

YeSj let this happy period be
An universal jubilee

In ev'ry loyal breast ;
Let cheering peace and plenty smile,
Thro' ev'ry corner of the isle,

To succour the distrest.

And let us bless the Pow'r Supreme,
And raise our thankful hearts to him,

Who will our pray'rs regard ;
That, mid the wreck of thrones and states.
Which bleeding Europe desolates,

Ourselves alone are spar'd.

And let us pray that he will please
To lengthen out our monarch's day

In happiness and peace ;
And that, at length, he may lay down
His earthly, for a heav'nly crown

Of never-fading bliss.

DCNELMENSIS,

WINTER'S RETURN.
Once more the year, in circling round,

Has brought old Winter in his train;
Whose giant arm is ever found

To hurl destruction o'er the plain.

He strips the tree, strikes low the flow'r,
And bids the babbling stream be still ;

He sends his snow in frozen show'r,
And spreads the plain, the vale, the hill

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

41.

Still those who love and friendship share,
A cottage, and content within it,

With just enough, and none to spare,
Heed not keen winter's coldest minute.

But, ah ! on those whom want appals,
The sons of mis'ry, grief, and sorrow ;

Heavy on them bleak winter fails —
For them no joy illumes the morrow !

The child half-cloth'd, and poorly fed,

In anguish vents his piercing cries ;
Cries rais'd, perchance, in vain for bread,

While tears bedim its infant eyes.
Oh ! ye who wealth and pow'r possess,

Who know no wants, who feel no dearth,
Your superfluities would bless,

And make the poor a heav'n on earth !
J. M. L.

■OBUMI

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS
BANKRUPTS.

(The Solicitors'1 Names are betiveen Parentheses. J

Alderson T. G. jun. Bury, printer (Til-
bury and Bedford, Bedford row

Allen VV. Old Jewry, tailor (Lane, Law-
rence Pountney Hill

Alton VV. Alfreron, Derby, innkeeper (Hall
and Ross, New Boswell court

Beatlie J. Longtown, Cumberland, draper
(Mounsey, Staple's Inn

Bennett J. Bristol, cabinet-maker (Jarman,
Bristol

Best Robt. Aldersgate street, watch-maker
(Pullen, Fore street

Billett G. City Terrace, City Road, medi-
cine-maker and vender (Cockayne, Lyon's Inn

Billinge J. N. Swithin's lane, victualler
(Marson, Newington Butts

Brown J. Great Queen street, glass-grinder
(Kirton, Manscll street, Goodman's Fields

Bullen VV . Abchurch lane, merchant (Field,
Mood street, Cheapside

Bin' J T. Hungerford, Berks, draper
(Crot \v Inn

Bart i'. Catherine street, Commercial Road,
straw- plat-factor (Latkow, Wardrobe Place,
Doctors' Commons

Chabaud H, Phnntree street, Bloomsbnry,
jeweller (Lamb, Aldersgate street

Chadwii k C. R.Grosvenor Mews, iron-plate-
worker (Rig!>y and Lowless, Chatham Place,
Blaekfriars

Challicom J. Bristol, cordwainer (James,
Gray's Inn square

Chapman J. Moorfields, shoemaker (Wild,
Warwick square

Chase D. Dean street, Holborn, leather-
factor (lvirkman, Cloak lane

ClarksonJ. Mount Row, City Road, coal-
merchant (Taylor, Old street

Coleman C. Goswell street Road, scavenger
(Edwards, Symond's Inn

Collis F. Union Place, Southwark, tailor
(Payne and Morshead, Aldermanbury

Collis T. J. Oxford street, coach-maker
(Blakilock and Makinson, Temple

ConderJ. Moorfields, paper-hanger (Wilde,
jun. Castle street, Falcon square

Cornforth W. Bishopweanuouth, Durham,
sail-maker (Blackiston, Symond's Inn

Cowcher VV. P. andT. Fenoulhet, Clement's
lane, I ombard street, merchants (Fairtiiorne
and Clarke, Wan. ford court, Thro«jmorton st.

Crouch VV, Charlotte street, Rathbonc Place,

linen-draper (Cruchley and Fry, John streetj-
Bedford row

Cuff J. Barking, Essex, brewer (Osbalde?-
ton, Little Tower street

Cuisset J. East street, Red Lion square,
upholder (Lys, Took's court, Cursitor street

Dallas VV. Cushion court, Old Broad street,
merchant (Willis, Fairtiiorne, and Clarke,
War n ford court

Danson'T. Liverpool, merchant (Wiizdle,
John street, Bedford row

De la Cour A, New [.isle street, Leicester
square, jeweller (Hinrich, Cecil street

DindaleJ. Hull, dealer (Pierce, Kirby street,
Hatton Garden

Docker H. Birmingham, woollen-draper
(Frowd, Serle street

Dodd J. Upper Thames street, grocer
(Towse, Fishmongers'' Hall

Downes T. jun. Hereford, money-scrivener
(Wright, Hyde street, Bloornsbury

Dowse J. Great James street, Bedford row,
scrivener (Ellison and Dawson, White Hart
court, Lombard street

Drury W. Stamford street, Blaekfriars' Road,
stationer (Cozen, Quality court, Chancery lane

Duchatelay L. Great Scotland Yard, dis-
tiller (Popkin, Dean street, Soho

Ensor VV. Bath, grocer (Shcppard and Ad-
liiHrton, Bedford row

Farley T. Shcerness, boat-builder (Rigby
and Lowless, Chatham Plate, Blaekfriars

Feary J. Kingsland Road, builder (Taylor,
Old street Road

Fenton A. Liverpool, merchant (Wiudle,
John street, Bedford row

Fenton J. and G. Moore, Rotherhithe, smiths
(Wilde, jun. Castle street, Falcon square

Ferguson J. Burr street, St. George's in the
East, mariner (Gregson and Dixon, Angel
court, Throgmorton street

Fewings J. Gloucester, innholder (Vizard
and Hutchinson, Lincoln's Inn

Field \V. sen. High Hoylaud, York, horse-
farrier (Swale and Heelis, Great Ormond st.

Fisher S. Noble street, warehouseman (Ste-
vens, Sion College Gardens

France S. Liverpool, butcher (Blackstock,
St. Mildred's court, Poultry

Freebairn R. and J. Wilson, Queen street,
Cheapside, warehousemen (Swain, Stevens,
and Maples, Old Jewry

Garnous C. Holborn, trunk-maker (Pop-
kins, Lean street, Soho >

Geddes G. and A. and T. Milliken, Fen-

414.

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS.

chinch Buildings, merchants (Swain, Stevens,
and Maples, Old Jewry

Gedge W. Leicester square, linen-draper
(Mason, St. Mirhad's Church yard

Gibbs J. Haverfordwest, wine-inerchant
(Price and Williams, Lincoln's [nn

Goldsmith T. Shoreditch, dealer in wine
(Cbarsley, Mark lane

Gosling S. Stockport, Chester, cotton-deal-
er (Avison, Liverpool

Gould smith .!. Fletching, Sussex, victualler
(Turner, Bouverie street

(.reaves B Moseley, York, and J. Greaves,
Moseley, Lancaster, merchants (Battye, Chan-
cery lane

Greet ham C. Liverp ol, merchant (Windle,
Jolin street, Bedford row

Habgood W. and R. Bernard, Old Parade,
North Audit y street, picture-frame- makers
(Price and Williams, Lincoln's Inn

Hancorne W. Swansea, shopkeeper (Pear-
sons, Temple

Harcourt W. Norwich, linen-draper (At-
kinson, Chancery lane

Hardie D. Russia row, Milk street, ware-
houseman (Hurd, Temple

Marker M. Oakham, Rutland, mercer
(Bremridge, Temple

Hoffendon G. and T. Neweomb, Basinghall
street, warehousemen (Mason, St. Michael's
Church yard

Holme T. Liverpool, house-builder (Win-
die, John street, Bedford row

Holmes J Underbank, York, merchant
(Battye, Chancery lane

Holwell J. M. Sidmouth, haberdasher
(Hodgson, Parliament street

Hunt R. Nottingham, mercer (Kinderley,
Long, and lr.ee, Gray's Inn

Hutchinson J. H. Poland street, victualler
■(Mangnall, Warwicli square

J. ekes W. Guildford street, Blaekfriars'
Road, corn-dealer (Druce, Bill iter square

Jones T. Camomile street, warehouseman
(Alliston, Freeman's con; t, Cornhill

Kendrick T. and J. Whitworth, Salford,
Manchester, cotton - manufacturers (Hurd,
Temple

Kerry J. Little Newport street, haberdasher
(Searle, Child's Place, Temple Bar

Killick J. S. Hackney Mills, Lea Bridge,
miller (Dixon, Allen, and Best, Paternoster
row

Knight J. Lower C'aplon, corn-chandler
(Collins and Waller, Spital square

Lambert T. and S. Leeds, woolstaplers
(Battye, Chancery lane

Lancnester A. St. James's street, milliner
(Wybourn aiid Burke, Craig's court, Charing
Cross

Lane F. Bromyard, Hereford, maltster
(Stephenson and Cower, Gray's Inn

Leathwood W Liverpool, cork-cutter (Coop-
er and Lowe, Southampton Buildings

Leadham J. Buxton, innkeeper (Ware,
Groj's Inn

LeedhamJ. Matlock, Bath, innkeeper (Wil-
lis, Fairthorne, and Clarke, Warnford court

Levrets S. jun. Barnes, Surry, broker (Ja-
cobs, Hoi born court, G ray's Inn

Lister T. King street, Holbom, coach-

plater (A'Beckett and Weale, Broad street,
Golden square

Ludlam J. Wood street, hosier (Dannand
Crosslaud, Broad street

Main R. Greenwich, floor-cloth-manufac-
turer (Pearson, Greenwich

Mare'iant R. and M. Barton, Bond street,
milliners (Hunt, Surry street, Strand

M'Cready W. Manchester, dealer (Bleas-
dale, Alexander, and Holmes, New Inn

Meadows W and R. Johnson, Paddiugton,
coal-merchants (Bousfield, Bouverie street

Milward C. S. Bromley, Middlesex, miller
(Bruce, Billiter square

Mitchell J. Fleet market, brick-maker
(Pearee, Kirby street

Mollpr M. Bristol, grocer (Whitcombe and
King, Serjeants' Lin, Fleet street

Moore J New Surry street, Blaekfriars
Road, ironmonger (Eistob, Catherine court.
Trinity square

Morgan G. Foster lane, Bishopsgate street,
cheesemonger (Hammon, Hatton Garden

Morgan J. Old City Chambers, money- scri-
vener (Heartley, Bridge street, Blaekfriars

Napier J. London Road, St. George's Fields,
merchant (Wilde, jun. Castle st. Falcon sq.
Nicholson J. High street, St. Giles's, book-
seller (Wiltshire and Bolton, Old Bond street
NinerA. Totnes, Devon, grocer (Williams,
Austin Friars

Onne W. Charles street, Middlesex Hospi-
tal, bookseller (Bellamy, Clifford's Inn

Pain J. Peckham, bricklayer (Car tar, L'ept-
ford

Peploe J. Kennington, coach-maker (Lu-
cas, Blaekfriars Road

Perkins J. Neath, Glamorgan, apothecary
(Brown, Cardiff

PerriuJ. Portwood, Chester, cotton-spinner
(Newton and Dale, Stockport

Place J. Southampton, builder (Nichols,
Southampton

Pockett J. Weymouth, merchant (Bousfield,
Bouverie street

Pountney J. Chedder, Somerset, paper-
maker (Sweet, Temple

Pousseft R. B. Bermondsey, coal-merchant
(Clutton, St. Thomas's street, Southwark

Purvis J. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, vintner
(Constable, Symoud's Inn

Randall W. and J. March ant, Stoekbridge,
Hants, innkeepers (Nichols, Southampton

Rawstorne J . Shorter's court, Thro^morton
sin I, merchant (Mo ketf, Chancery lane

Roberts J. Garden Row, St. George's Fields,
baker (Fowler, Basing- lane

Robson T. Bishopwearmonth, Durham,
ship-builder (Btackiston, Symoud's Inn

Roscoe J. Liverpool, grocer (Cooper and
Lowe, Southampton Buildings

R\bot 1", Cheapside, silk-mercer (Colling
and Waller, Spital square

RyeW. Oxford street, linen-draper (Tucker,
Bartlett's Buildings

Shaw D. York, mercer (Wilson, Greville
street, Hatton Garden

Shirt D. Fallhead, York, tanner (Crosley,
Ho born court, Gray's Inu

Smith W. Port pool lane, Gray's Inn lane,
pump-maker (Onell, Winsley st. Oxford st.

BANKRUPTCIES AJD DIVIDENDS.

423

Smith R. Little Bush lane, Cannon street,
Carpenter (Bennett, Philpot la;ie

Southcombe G. Bristol, cheese and butter-
factor (James, Gray's Inn

Stancome VV. Swansea, shopkeeper ( Pear-
son, Temple

Stemson S. Axbridge, Somerset, baker (Tar-
rant, Chancery lane

Taylor M Stepney, broker (Latimer, Gray's
Iun s(juare

Taylor G. Barsted, Kent, paper-maker
(Street and Woolfe, Philpot lane

Thompson H. Newcastle upon Tyne, wool-
len-draper (Lockwood, jun. Eashig-.vold

Thorpe J. Vine street, Chandos street, vic-
tualler (Hamilton, Tavistock street, Coven t
Garden

Tizwell J. Gosport, linen-draper (Syddall,
Aldersgate street

Tomliug J. Chad's Row, Gray's Inn lane,
builder (Paston, Walbrook

Tordott J. Leeds, woolstapler (Battye,
Chancery lane

Toulmiu W. Aldermanbury, lnouey-scri-
vener (Broad, Union street, Borough

Tudor M. A. Reading, innholder (Anstice
and Co. Temple

Turpin J. Upper Tooting, Surry, corn-
dealer (Collingwood, St. Savior's Church yard,
Soutliwark

Wakeling E. Clare, Suffolk, brewer (Har-
raan, Wine Office court, Fleet street

Webb J. late of Great Portland street, but
now in the King's Bench, hatter (Gregory,
Clement's Inn

Weston T. Camberwell, post- master (Cross,
King street, Soutliwark

Wilson J. jun. and J. Williams, Long A ere,
coach-makers (Naylors, Great Newport s'treet

Windie E. YV. Rotherhithe, ironmonger
(Noy, Mincing lane

Withinglon J. Runcorn, Cheshire, stone-
mason (Poulkes and Longdill, Gray's Inn

Worley J. juu. Fish street Hill, lineu-dra-
per (Smith, Hatton Garden

Wright S. sen. Grange Road, Bermondsey,
bricklayer (Robinson, Benuondsey

Young E. Spalding, Lincoln, liquor-mcrcht.
(Wilson, Greville street, Hatton Garden
DIVIDENDS.

Allcot W. Gosport, haberdasher, Dec 14 —
Allen D. Newgate street, shoemaker, Nov 2 [
— All ham W. Tokenhouse yard, broker, Jan
30 — Anderson It. Guilford street, merchant,
Dec 1:2 — Anpleby J. Chatham, linen-draper,
Dec 9 — Askew J. "and W. Wright, Ne.v Bridge
street, Blackfriars, straw hut-manufacturers,
Nov 2i — Bans ,|. Great Yarmouth, diaper,
Nov 21 — Banks R. Eltbam, Kent, victualler,
Dec 30 — Barber R. Oxford street, jeweller,
Nov 1 1 — Beale L. and T. A. Basiughall street,
warehousemen, Nov 30 — Beatson W sen. and
jun. R. and J. Masborough, York, chemists,
Nov 20 — Bell C. Penrith, Cumberland, linen-
draper, Nov 20 — Betts J. Mistlcy, Essex, ship-
builder, Nov 30 — Blacbford D. Lombard st.
gold and silver laceman, Dec 5— Blachford R.
Lombard street, gold and silver laceman, Dec
5 — Blachford D. and R. Lombard sties t, gold
* silver lacemen, Dec 5 — Blackwore £ Hen-

rietta street, Covent garden, tailor, Dec 12—
Buddy W. Scarborough, common brewer, Notr
20 — Bolton J. and F Warrington, potters, Dec
<j — Bou'iton G. late of Charing-Cross, coach-
proprietor, Dec 30 — :Brandou J. King street,
Goswell street, iron founder, Dec 12 — Brooks
J. John street, West Smithfield, hardwareman,
Nov 21 — Bryan W Camberwell, merchant,
Nov 14 — Bryars L. Liverpool, cooper, Dec 11
— Bull T. Bristol, brandy-merchant, Dec 12
'■ — Burdett J. Newgate street, warehouseman,
Dec lb' — Calvert W. Mary port, Cumberland,
Dee 15 — Careless W. Brewood, Stafford, stock
lock-maker, Dec 1 1 — Clancy J. Tottenham
court rd. provision-merchant, Dec 12 — C'.ap-
bam W. Kennington, mercht. Dec 2 — Clarke
J. Salisbury, haberdasher, D< c lb — Clarksbn
G. Bristol, cabinet-maker, Dec 2 — Cole J.
Fore-street, stationer, Nov 18 — Cooper W.
Chick St Os, th, Essex, merchant, Dec 9 —
CorrieJ. High street, Lambeth, brewer, Nov
IS — Curtis J . and P. Griffin, Ludgate bill, oil
and colour-merchants, Nov 30 — Dalton J.
and S. and J. Shall cross, Manchester, cotton-
spinners, Nov 13 — Davies E T Great War-
ner street, Clerkenwell, linen-draper, Dec 2
— Davis W. North street, Chelsea, plasterer,
Dec 19 — Dean J. Watling street, w hob sale li-
nen-draper, Dec 9 — Dean R. Kew bridge, ta-
vern-keeper, Dec 12 — Dean W. Kenton street,
Russell square, shopkeeper, Dec 12 — De Per-
fin C F, 0. Duke street, Manchester-square,
victualler. Nov. is — Desormeaux J. King st.
Goswell sheet, iron-founder, Dec 1 2 — iJickie
T. Cornhill, bookseller, Nov 28 — Dodd J.
PaM-Mail, hatter, Nov 25— Dodsworth G. Be-
verley, York, draper, Dec 1 — Dunn J. Stock-
port, Chester, draper, Dec 5 — Elliott E. Win-
chester street, .merchant, Nov. 2.-> — Eilis S,
Folldngham, Lincoln, woollen-draper, Dee 5
— Else G.Sutton in Ashfield, Notts, hosier,
D< c 1 1 — Fell T. Liverpool, merchant, Nov 14
— Fehher J. Lawrence lane, wholesale linen-
draper, Dec 9 — Ferneley T. and G. Hulme,
Manchester, cotton-spinners, Dec 5 — Free-
mantle J. Kii;g street, Goswell street, iron-
founder, Dec 12 — Freemantle J. J. Brandon,
and J. Desormeaux, King' street, Goswell st.
iron- founders, Dec. 12 — French M. George
street, Portman square, wine-merchant, Jan.
30 — Frodsham M. E. Flint, farmer, Doc 1 —
GaneJ. Trowbridge, Wilts, carpenter, Nov 16,
Dec 1-1 — !Jill It. Wakefield, miller, Nov 21 —
Glover W. and J. Poultry, haberdashers, Dec
12 — Gore W. Aldgate, Manchester warehouse-
man, Nov 23 — Gould M. Dickleburgh, Nor-
folk, woollen-draper, Cec 8 — Greenwood J.
and W. Grima'.di, Old Bond street, auctioneers,
Nov as — Grimaldi W. Old Bond street, auc-
tioneer, Nov 28 — Grimes G. Great Warner st.
Coldbath fieids, linen-draper, Dec S — Hall W.
Silver street, Wood sired, Manchester ware-
houseman, Nov 11, Dec 12 — Hamilton A. and
D. Haliburton, Oxford street, linen-drapers,
Nov. 28 — Ilandcock Wr. Marchmont street,
Russell square, furnishing ironmonger, Dec
1 _> — Hardman J. Manchester, merchant, Nov
lb — Hardwick T. Manchester, merchant, Nov
13 — Harrison S. Kent road, Surry, bricklayer,
Dec. 19 — Harsnett S. Manchester, leather*

416

BANKRUPTCIES AND DIVIDENDS*

seller, Nor 20 — Harty L. Watford, Herts,
•ilk- throwster, Nov 25 — Haywood H. Kams-
gate, butcher, Nov 25, Dec 12 — Henry H.
Liverpool, tailor, Dec ti — Hi ;g< ubottom W.
Tottenham court road, cock-founder, Dec 12
— Hoad W. Fareham, Hants, butcher, Dec
14 — Holland J. Cheapside, haberdasher, Dec
12 — ['olmcy S. Thomas street, Southwark,
merchant, Dec 2 — Hunter J. Great Newport
Street, haberdasher, Jan 30 — Hunter P. Bri-
stol, merchant, Dec ]— Hyde J. and J. Chad-
v. if , Manchester, dyers, Dec 7 — Jackson J.
Great Yarmouth, cheinist, Nov 28 — James J.
Bti 'lord, grocer, Oct 31— Jeffrey T. Old Jew-
ry, wholesale linen-draper, Nov. 21 — Johnson
J. Twickett's mills, Northampton, miller,
Nov 21— Jones J. Llangollen, Denbigh, shop-
keeper, Nov la — Jones J. Old Gravel lane,
corn-factor, Dte 23 — kay J. Lloyd's coiTee-
house, underwriter, Dec 5--Kirkman E. Ports-
mouth, linen-draper, Dec 9 — Knott R. Wy-
mondham, Norfolk, shopkeeper, Dec 11 —
Kuowtton C. Bristol, linen-draper, Jan 13 —
Lawson W. St. Catharine's street, biscuit-
baker, Nov 28 — Leach J. Turnham green,
shopkeeper, Nov 18 — Lee J. Liverpool, mer-
chant, Lee 5 — -Leo J. Manchester, merchant,
Jan 30 — Levy J. J. Haydon street, Miuories,
merchant, Nov 21 — Lewis A. Banbury, ii.it-
cer, Dec '2 — Life J. Ripley, York, grocer, Nov
13 — Life G. High Harrow gate, York, inn-
keeper, Nov 13 — Lotnax S. Tonge, Lancaster,
Victualler, Dec G — Longbottom G. Holbcck,
York, clothier, Dec 2— Longbottom T. Hol-
heck, York, clothier, Dec 5 — Losh G. and W.
and J. D. Lubbren, Newcastle upon Tyne,
meichants, Nov 29 — Lycett J. Manchester,
calico-manufacturer, Nov 24— -Lyon J. Sa-
vage gardens, merchant, Nov J4 — .Madden II.
Liverpool, merchant, Nov i(j — Mark W. Ply-
mouth Dock, linen-draper, Dec 2 — Marshall
W. Paternoster row, Spitalfields, cheesemon-
» r, Dec 16 — Marten H. Wallingford, Berks,
linen-draper, Nov 25— MasonW. Hartley place,
Kent road, brandy-merchant, Dec 5 — M U-
tfaews M. Bath, grocer, Nov 22 — Mawson W.
Kendel, cotton-spinner, Dec 12 — Medhurst
W. Ross, Hereford, innholder, Dec 4 — Merac
T. and M. L. P. Queen street, Cheapside,
■warehousemen, Jan 20 — Merry J. H. West
Smithfield; Dec 2— Mitchell W. Merthyr Tyd-
■Vil, Glamorgan, victualler, Nov 21 — Moffat t
T. Gosvvell street, blue-manufacturer, Nov 1 1,
dan o — Moffatt T. and J. Go' well street, blue-
manufacturers, Nov 11 — Monteith J. Grace-
church street, druggist, Dec 12 — Morgan J.
Enfield highway, farmer, Oct 31 — MosclyJ.
Swine- Fleet, York, potatoe-mercha:it, Dec 16
— Mullins W. Cheam, builder, Dec. 5-r-Iv. aje
T. St. Martin's lane, dealer in spirituous li-
quors, Nov. 30 — Ncilu J. Manchester, grocer,
Dec 7 — New man C. Whitechapel, shopkeeper,
Dec 12 — Newman H. Skinner street, currier,
Dec 16 — Nichols S. jun. Bath, upholsterer,
Nov 13, Dec iv — Oakley F. Hereford, wool-
stapler, Feb 3 — Odell P. Sloane square, brick-
layer, Nov 14 — Parke S. F. East Smithfield,
liquor-merchant, Oet31 — Patterson G. Hert-
ford, merchant, Dec )1 — Penn J. Leather
lane, oilman, Jan 30— Phelps S. Grosvcnor

place, merchant, Dec 2 — Piatt G. WVafcy,
York, clothier, Nov 18, Dec 13 — Powell #.
Wapping street, coffin and box-maker, Nov.
28 — Pugh W. Berwick street, Soho, tailor,
Nov 25 — Pullinger H Ropley, Hants, woollen-
diaper, Decs — Purbriek W. '» Gloucester, li-
nen draper, Jan. 13 —Ramsay W. Bury, Dec
j — -Rawlins J. Red Lion street, Cierkenwe'l,
hardwareman, Dec ]6— -Rayner J. N. Ely,
Cambridge, linen-draper, Nov 25 — Read R.
Caroline Mews, Bedford square, stable-keeper,
Nov 21 — Redfern W. Nottingham, hosier^
Dec 6 — Remington G. and A. Oxford street,
cabinet-makers, Nov 30 — Riddlestorffer G'
A. Whitechapel, haberdasher, Dec 16 — Ri-
deal W. Wakefield, merchant, Nov 22 — Ro-
binson R. Manchester, cotton-twist and weft-
dealer, Jan 9 — Ross D A. Gracehurch str* et,
hosier, Nov 30 — Rouse R. late of Minster,
Isle of Sheppy, carpenter, but now in the pri-
son of Maidstone, Nov 1 1 — Roxburgh J. Win-
chester street, insurance-broker, D;C2— Sack-
ctt II Kamsgate, innholder, Dec 12 — Shaw
J. Newgate street, linen-draper, Dec 23 — ■
Simpkins R. L. Leicester, hosier, Nov 13 — ■
Smith S. J. Ormskirk, check-manufacturer,
Dee 12— Statham S. and E. and H. Carton,
Nottingham, hosiers, Dec 13 — Stevens G. jun.
Bedford, grocer,. Nov 21 — Stone J. ana P.
distance, Great Yarmouth, shipwrights, Nov
21 — Tabrun R. and J. Barron, Walbrcok,
Manchester warehousemen, Dec 16 — Taylor
E. and J. Clapham, builders, Nov 13 — Tho-
mas J. St. James's place, tailor, Nov 28 — Tho-
mas A. Duke-street, St. James's, feather-ma-
nufacturer, Nov 28 — Thompson J. Liverpool,
merchant, Dec 1 — ThorneleyT. Manchester,
tallow-chandler, Dec 7 — Todd J. Berwick up-
on Tweed, merchant, Nov 28 — Tucker W.
jun. Exeter, serge-manufacturer, Dec 9 — Tur-
ley T. Mertbyr Tydvil, Glamorgan, brewer,
Nov 21 — Turner J. Rochford, Ess^x, carrier,
Dec 2 — Tyrrell J. Maidstone, ironmonger,
Jan 27 — Usborne W. Finsbury square, mer-
chant, Oct 31 — Van der Hocven D J, IJury
court, St. "Mary Axe, merchant, Dec 2 — Yarn-
dell W. Hartley row, Hants, coachmaker$
Dec 5 — Yodell A. Paul's chain, furrier, Dec.
2t — Wain J. and T. Agg, Basinghall
clothiers, Nov 13 — Watkins J. Chepstow,
Monmouth, draper, Bee 18 — Watkinson S.-
Liverpool, carpet-dealer, Dec 8 — Weaver W.
Bow-iane, warehouseman, Nov 30 — Webb W.
Westminster bridge road, coal-me2-chanf, Dec
5 — Weedon J. Albion place, Blackfrlars road,
hosier, Nov 4 — Whitaker W. Wakefield, and
J. Whitaker, Lee Greer., York, colliers, No*
15, 23 — WilksR. Cheapside, hatter, Nov 11
— Williams C. sen. Turnham green, butcher,
Oct 31, Dec 12 — VvYlliamson W. Gringley on
the Hill, Notts, corn-factor, Dec 6 — Wain
W. Lar.ca>tcr, linen-draper, Dec 5 — Winnall
E. C. Claines, Wow . -ter, miller, Dec. 4 —
Wood R. and G. Payn, Liverpool, grocers,
Dec 8--Wr>ght W. Ashby de la Zoueh, draper,
Nov 18, Dec 5 — Wright R. and J. Angell,
Wardour street, tailors, Dec 12 — Young S.
Newport street, liuen-draper, Dec 12 — Young
W, W. Aberdifair mill, Glamorgan, miller,
Da: 12.

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419
METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL for October, 1809.

Conducted, at Manchester, by Thomas Hanson, Esq.

18(

'9-

PF«d.

Pressure

'It

mpcruture.

Weather.

Eva

Rain, I

OCT.

Max. 1 Min. 1

Mean .

Max.

Min.

Mean.

*C' 1

Calm

30,00

29,85

29,925

Go,0°

44,0°

52,00

Clear

—

Variable

30,10

30,00

30,075

05,0

53,0

59,00

gloomy

— .

.030 f

30,15

30,05

30,100

60,0

44,5

52,25

fine

.110

—

S E

30,05

29,9S

30,015

03,0

55,0

59,00

cloudy

—

29,9S

29,980

1:2,5

55,5

59,00

eloudy

.105

S E

29,98

29,90

29,940

6o,0

49,0

54,50

cloudy

—

S E

29,98

29,90

29,940

59,0

49,0

54,00

c lear

.(95

S E

30,O0

29,9S

29,990

57,0

40,0

4-! ,50

clear

—

S E

30,00

29 94

29,97°

53,0

39.5

46,25

clear

.125

S E

29,95

29,92

29,9^5

52,0

40,0

46,00

cloudy

—

29,98

29,95

29,965

52,0

38,5

45,25

cloudy

• 290

30,02

29>9S

30,000

52,0

38,5

45,25

cloudy

—

30,05

30,02

30,035

49,5

32,5

41,00

clear

.385

30,12

30,05

30,085

52,5

32,0

42,25

cltar

—

30,12

29,9S

30,050

5 2,0

39,0

45,50

gloomy

•290

, 1

1(5

S W

29,9S

29,85

29,915

58,0

46,0

52,00

rainy

—

.150 1

29,85

29,80

29,825

59,0

51,0

55,00

cloudy

.030

29.95

29,80

29,8; 5

59,0

5 1,0

56,50

cloudy

—

s w

29=95

29,95

29,950

6l,0

53,0

57,00

cloudy

.225

.020

29,! s

29^95

29,90'5

59,5

52,0

55,75

cloudy

—

29,95

29,s5

29,900

55,5

51,0

53,25

cloudy

—

29,85

29-82

29,S35

55,0

51,0

53,00

cloudy

.205

29,82

29,70

29,760

54,0

43,0

51,00

cloudy

—

29,70

29,6j

29,650

09,5

49,0

54,25

cloudy

.225

30,08

29,t>"J

2;),840

5 8,0

4 6.0

52.00

clear

—

2 (J

30,08

30,03

S 5,080

03,5

49,0

cloudy

.2Go

.330

30,08

30,0S

30,080

59,0

50,0

54,50

foggy

—

30,01b

30,08

30,060

59,0

43,5

51,25

foggy

—

30,08

30," 2

30,050

01,0

44,0

52,50

foggy

.205

30,02

29,95

29,985

57,0

40,0

43,50

foggy

—

29,95

29,92

29,9-5

5 1,0

38,0

44,50

cloudy
Ivch

.070

.005

Mean

20.Q59

Mean

51,514

2.620

.6.15fn]

RESULTS.
JVIean barometrical pressure, 29-959 — maximum, 30.15 — minimum 2960 — range, .55.
The greatest variation cf pressure in 24 hours, is .43 of an inch, which was on tire 25th.

Mean temperature, 51°. 51 — maximum, 65. ° — minimum, 32.°— range, 33.°

The greatest variation cf temperature in 24 horns, is 20. "5, which was 011 the 14th.

Spaces described by the barometer, 2-60 inches — number of changes, 12.

Rain, &c. this month, .615 of an inch- — number of wet days, 1 — total rain this year, 22-285 in.

Total quantity of evaporation at this period, 2-620 inches.

The Rev. R. A. Singleton, of Blackeley, makes the full of rain for Oct. .630 of an inch.

WIND.

Calm N KE E S E S SW W N W Variable

1 O 0 5 8 13" 3 0 0 1

Total number of observations, 31 — number of brisk winds, 5 — number of boisterous winds, 0.

CLOUDS.
Cirrus Cumulus Stratus Cirro-Cumulus Cirro-Stratus Cumulo-Stratus Nimbus
21 24 10 20 14 11 0

Number of observations 100.

huted much to evaporation. The quantity of water evaporated from the surface of the ground
is upwards of two incb.es and a half, whi< h exceeds the tall of rain by two inches The cirrus,
cumulus, and cirro-cumulus have 1 een the prevailing clouds: there was a grand display of the
cirro-stratus on the 28th, in the afternoon. The mean monthly atmospheric pressure is very
near 30 inches: the range little more than half an inch, being very little for tl\e season.
During the first fourteen days, the range was chiefly confined to one- tenth of an inch, after-
wards it began to descend till the 24th, when the' barometer indicated its minimum for the
month: this evening being the eve of the Grand National Jubilee, the atmosphere, appai .
conscious of the approachir , and desirous of testifying its loyally, hailed the morn

by a very quick increase of pressure; for, in the course of eight hours, there was an increase tf
three-tenths : this rapid movement continued the whole of the day, when it ceased to fluctuate,
and became stationary till (he 3uth. The maximum temperature was on the 2d, when there
was a general decrease to the 14th, at which time it indicated its minimum for the period:
this was the day the greatest variation took plaice in 24 hours; in the morning, ice was
nerved upon the ground nearly an inch thick. From the 14th to the 20th, there was a. general
and rapid rise of temperature, the difference cf the two extremes being 29°. From the 2(Au,
the temperature continued niid, with little variation; to the close of the month.

420
METEOROLOGICAL TABLE for October, 1309.

Conducted by 3Ir. J. Gibson, Laboratory, Stratford, Essex.

iso9

(XT.

a 7

a 8

ba\3

b 14

ci5

<p6

a 18

20
21
22
Oa?23
21
2 .1
26
a27

(7 _'H

o 29
a.3o

l)e31

fp»w.

Pressure.

Temperature.

N
S W

E
E

Variable

N W

W
S.W

w
s w

N W

Variable

N\V

E
NE

30, 1 6
30,19
30,19
30,08
30,00
30,00

3o,6a

30,0(i
30,03
29,99
30,06
30,14
30,18
30,2b'
30,2b
30,09
30,08

30,07

30,08

30,07

30,0b
30,03
29)97
30,00
30, 16
30,17
30,1b
30,1 6
30,15
30,10
30,04

Max. Min. Mean. l\Iax. I Min. Mean. Weather.

30,05
30, lb
30,08

29,99
29,99
29,99

30,00
30,03

29,99
29,98

29,9s

3 0,0b
30,14
30,18
30,09
30,08
3 0,0b
30,06
30,07
30,06
30,03
29,97
29,88
29, Sb
30,00

30,16

30,14
30,15
30,10
30,04
29,99

Mean

30,105
30,175
30,135
30,035
29,99S
29,99;"'
30,015
30,045
30,010
29,985
30,020
30,100
3 0,1 bo
30,220
30,175
30,085
30,070
30,o6o
30,075

3;»,ob5

30,045
30,000
29,925
29,93°
30,o80
30,l65
30,150
30,155
30,125
30,070
30,015

30,070

58"

43a

48 ,

Mean

50,5
58,0
58,5
52,0
53,5
53,0
47,5
47,0
42,0
45,0
43,5
39,5
39,5
38,5
4 1 ,5
50,5

54,0
52,0
53,0
50,0
49,0
54,5
52,5
52,5
51,5

47,5

46,5
44,5

Rain

fine

cloudy

line

fine

cloudy

fine

cloudy

line

li'ic

line

fine

line

foggy

'°gzy

tine
fine

49,2 I Ttttut 0,18//?

RESULTS. — Prevailing winds, easterly- — Mean height of barometer, 30,070 inches — thcr-
(Horn tcr, 49. 2°. — Total of rain, .18 inches.

Notes. — a Foggy mornings, b Hoar fiost. r A very foggy night. From the 27th in the
*Tening to the 29th at night, a continued thick fog — morning of the 30th, misty-
very fine, d A stratus on the marshes in the evening — the moon extremely bright,
tus on the maishes in the evening.

-afternoon
e A sun-

P R ICES

Of Fire- Office, Mine, Dor/,-, Canal, Water-Works, Brcn-ery, & Public
Institution Shares, <Sr. 6,c. for Nor. 1809.

Albion Fire & Life Assur. - £54 a 56 pr. sh.
Atlas Fire and Life ------- Par.

Eagle ditto ----- £4 4 a 5 0 pr sh.

Globe ditto £121 a ditto

Hope ditto - - - - - 2s Oil a 2s (id ditto
Imperial ditto ----- - £64 ditto

Kent ditto £47 ditto

]{ock ditto -- 5s. pin.

Commercial Dock Stock £175 a 180 per cent.
East Country ditto - - - £90 a 93 ditto
East India ditto - - - £128 a 130 ditto
London ditto - - - . £128 a 13 1 ditto
West India ditto - - - £182 a 183 ditto
Grand Junction Canal £219 a 220 per share
Kcnnett and Avon ditto - £.18 a 44 ditto
Wilts and Berks - - - - £42 a 46 ditto
Thames and Mcdway - - £25 per sh. pm.

FOR TUNE & Co. Stock-Brokers and
General Agents, 13, Cornhill,

Huddersficld - - - - £36 a 38gs. per sh.
Fast London Water- Works - 125 a l.'iogs pin.
South London ditto - - - 3s a 48gs. pin.
West Middlesex ditto - - £136 a 137 pr. sh.

Kent ditto 20 a 35gs. per sh.

Golden-lane Brewery, £80 shares £83a84gs.
Ditto ditto £50 ditto £54 a 57^ gs,

British Ale ditto - - - £26 5 a 27 per sh.
Covcnt-Gardcn new shares - - - 2.">gs pm.
Folkestone Harbour ----- 5§jgs pm.

London Institution - - - £84 per share
Surry ditto --------- Par.

Croydo.i Canal - - - - -£44 a 50 pr. sh

Grand Surry ditto £67 ditto

Basing-itoke ditto - £29 ditto.

Portsea Water-Works - - 34 a 35gs. pm,
Vauxhall Bridge - - - £214a4 10d».

LEWIS WOLFE and C«u
* Change Alley.

Printed for R. ACKERMAKN, bij llarristtn <fc Rutler, 373, Strand.

THE

3&epo0itor£

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE,
Manufactures^ Fashio?is^ and Politics^

For DECEMBER, 1809.

^iv^lmmit, flSol II.

EMBELLISHMENTS.

1. Representation of an ancient Coin
£. Portrait of Andreas Huifer . .

439
452

CONTENTS.

ilendour of Colour?, by Juninus 42 1
The folly of Discontent, aTaie . 42o

Singular Narrative 430

Examination of the Question, whe-
i • r it was customary for the Wo-
men of ancient Ath< ns to frequent
the Theatre, by M. Bottizer . 1-34
Observation on an ancient Coin . 439
Nmv ?' f Travelling proposed 442

Pari; in Autumn .......

: , of the French National

Institute 445

iphical Account of Andreas
Holler, Commander in Chief of the

Tyrolese ■ . 452

Biography of Major Miiller, one of ,
the Tyrolese Deputies . . . 453

phy of John Geor
ne. her, one of the Tyrolese De-
puties .455 )'

{Characteristic Sketch of the Tyrol-

ese Nation . 456

Eighth Letier-from Italy (c

Briti-h Sports — the Hare . . . 470 '"

PAGE

475

ib.

Interesting Intelligence from the

London Gazettes .....

Capture of the B'Hautpouit, of 74

guns .

Operations of Sir A. Welti fey in

Portugal ". .4,76

Repalse of the French from Vigo . : JO
Austri . / ccount of the Bat-
tle of Aspern isi

Capture of a Russian Flotilla . . 486
Exp rty of British Sea-

men on the Bank of the Weser . 487
Operations in Zealand ....

of the Army in Spain . .>}

Baitie of Talavera . . ...
Operations in- the Scheldt . . . 4:)7

Taking of Flushing t98

G&pture of -Senegal 501

Operal e Army in Spain . 505

Taking of! hia and Procida . .
Operations in Spain .( . . . • 5H
Capture of La Furieuse French F.i-

, gate 515

Taking of a French Squadron by
Lord Collingu-ood SI!)

ADDRESS TO THE PUBLIC.

A YEAR, having1 now revolved since the commencement of the Repository, the proprietor would
be guilty of unpardonable neglect, were he not to express his acknowledgments to his Patrons
and Friends, for the flattering, and almost unprecedented encouragement which he has received.
The regular sale of near three thousand copies, established within so short a period, far surpasses
bis most sanguine expectations. A' a great expence, which nothing but this extensive circu-
lation could have stimulated hiin to incur, he has endeavoured to keep pace with the liberality
of the Public ; and has exceeded, in almost every number, the proposed quantity, Loth of the
letter-pn ss and of the embellishments. He assures the purchasers of the Repository, that no
future exertions shall be wanting on his part, to secure to his work that pre-eminent rank which
it has already attained among its contemporaries, not less for its elegance, than for the variety,
interest, and utility of its literary contents. Neither has novelty, so essential a requisite in a
■periodical publication, been unattended to. Arrangements have been made for procuring a regu-
lar supply of the most interesting productions of continental literature, to diversify the stores with
which we are furnished by native talents. The proprietor cannot conclude this address without
returning his warmest thanks to all tlose generous contributors, who have so handsomely come
forward in support of his plan ; and he trusts, that so long as he redeems the pledges which he
has given, he shall continue to receive their assistance, and the flattering patronage of a liberal
Public.

We have the pleasure to inform our readers, that we have just received an original portrait of
the heroic Schill, an engraving of which, together with some additional particulars of that
celebrated character, will be given in our number for February.

Directions to the Binder for placing- the Plates m
the Second Volume.

PAGE

No. VII. 1 . Frontispiece

2. The Black Grouse . . 33
- 3. Ladies' Opera Dress . . 4fi

4. Promenade Dress . . ib.

5. Somerset-House . . .50

6. Library Sofa and Can-

delabra '60

7. Allegorical Wood- cut, with

Patterns of British Ma-
nufacture ib.

VIII. 8. Portrait of Charles Louis,

IX.

Archduke of Austria .
Partridge, by Howitt .
Engravings of the Gold
and Silver Medals, of-
fered for Communica-
tions to the Repository

of Arts

Ladies' Walking Dress
Promenade Dress
Messrs. Morgan and
Saunders's Ware- room
Ladies' Toilet, Footstool,
Fauteuil, &c. . . .
Allegorical Wood-cut,
with Patterns
The Pheasant . . .
Ladies' Morning Dress
Ladies' Promenade Sea-
Beach Costume

1 9. The'Bank of England

20. Swing Cot Bed and Nur-

sery Chair ....

21. Allegorical Wood-cut,

with Patterns for Sept.

11.

12.
13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

87
106

10D
US
11!)

122

132

133
180
192

193
200

205

206

PACE

No. X. 22. Remarkable Specimen
of Antiquity found at
Girgenti . . . • 239
23. Woodcock, by Howitt 2 17
1 Ladies' Ball Dress . 253

Wa 1 k i n g Dress ib. ■

New Theatre Royal, Co-
ventrGarden . . . 262
Fashionable Window-
Curtain and Settee . '277
Allegorical Wood-cut,
with Patterns for Oct. ib.
The Wild Duck, by

Howitt 319

Ladies' Morning Dress 332

Wal king D. ess ib.

South View of the Bank
of England . . '. 33S

33. Elliott's Patent Eccen-
tric Laridaulet . . 344

34. Allegorical Wood-cut,

with Patterns for Nov. ib.
XII. 3j. The Portraits of the Ty-
rolese Deputies, Messrs.

36. Miiller -and Sehonecher 388

37. The Hare, by Howitt . 393

38. Ladies' Tyrolese Walk-
ing Dress .... 402

39. Ladies' Evening Dress ib.

40. Drawing-room chairs . 411

41. Allegorical Wood cut,

with Patterns . . . ib.'
Sup. 42. Portrait of the Tyrolese

Leader, Hofi'er " . . 45,2

25.
26.

27.

23.

29.

30.
31.

32.

THE

3&epsttorp

ARTS, LITERATURE, COMMERCE,

Manufactures, Fashions, and Politics ,
For DECEMBER, 1809.

Supplement, SIcl II.

-The suffrage of the wise,

The praise that's worth ambition, is attain1 d
By sense alone, and dignity of mind.

Armstrong.

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS, &c— By Juninus.

(Continuation of Letter IV. from page 35 S.J

Miss Et>6.— -u Some of our peo-
ple have talents at engraving and
etching. Solomon Bennett^ a Po-
lish Jew, who now resides in Lon-
don, has very considerable abilities
in this line. I will soon shew you
some of his works. And I have some
etchings by Solomon Polack, a very
ingenious artist, who is also a paint-
er. He designed and etched the
prints to my Hebrew Bible. They
have much character and expres-
sion, and are well drawn, square,
broad; all the little angles in the
outlines are also varied, which you
say makes work look crispy and
rich ; the shadows broad, strength-
ened in their middles, and the lights
glittering with small drawing, and
properly subordinated; touched here

Sup. Vol. II.

and therej which produces a free-
dorri that none can exercise with
such taste as painters. He under-
stands the harmony of lines, which
so few artists are acquainted with,
and relieves all his objects and out-
lines by the variety of light upon
shadow, shadow upon light, and at
times blends them so that you can-
not tell which is which. He also
understands balancing.which I think
one of the great secrets of the art.
By this Westall can introduce such
midnight shadows, which add great
splendour to his works. Without
this, they would be, if I may use
the expression, lobsided. He ba-
lances the shadows about till they
weigh even, as it were. Without
the knowledge of balancing, little

422

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS.

ran bo done for splendour of effect;
because without it an artist is always
afraid of black shadows, which
foil produces such brilliancy to the
lights."

Miss K. — " I think your obser-
vations correct, Miss Eve ; but there
should also be a balance of every
thing else, — of lights, shadows, co-
lours, half-tints, and objects. You
justly observe, that balancing is one
of the most potent auxiliaries in pro-
ducing splendid effects. You men-
tioned Westall's method of making
splendid effect by violent contrasts,
such as the hottest vermilion op-
posed to the coldest blues, the deep-
est shadows to the highest lights,
luxuriant detail to the most sober
breadth. Ho takes every advantage
of reflections, like Rubens, who, to
produce splendour, carried this to
a great fault. The figures of Ru-
bens are too pellucid, and his co-
louring too tinted ; but it is gay to
an excess, though not gaudy. His
pictures have been compared to a
bunch of flowers. As you observe,
all these contrarieties can only be
reconciled by what you justly call
one of the first rules of art, balanc-
ing. The outline being dark upon
light, light upon dark, and some-
times so lost as to make another
Variety, and artfully varied, and con-
tiuued throughout the piece with
strengthening the shadows in their
middles, produces a high degree of
richness, force, and mellowness. It
is only known and practised by the
best artists. Reynolds gave great
force and mellowness chiefly by
these principles. Lawrence now
practises it more than any painter.
Any person may comprehend it in
two minutes. The harmony of lines
may be explained in about the same

time ; yet, though they may be
learned so soon, they are little
known. Many of the great masters
knew nothing of the harmony of
lines. Reynolds was unacquainted
with it. Michael Angelo and Ra-
phael possessed this part of the art
in perfection. Fuseli always prac-
tises it. This and convexing, mak-
ing length of lines, large sweeping
scrolls, constitute a great portion of
his merit ; also making every thing
large and massy, all large bones,
the principal muscles, &c. very
protuberant.

" Now, Miss Eve, take some
prints, one by one, from the port-
folios, as they draw the lottery, and
I will give you my opinion, since
you wish it. Don't be afraid of
mixing them, for I have so classed
and methodized them, that I can
soon put them to rights again.

" First - drawn print, Madame
Recamier, the celebrated beauty,
fromR. Cosway, A. Cardon sculp,
stipple, dedicated to Mons. Reca-
mier by G. Bartolozzi. Avery beau-
tiful face, a graceful and elegant
attitude. I often find Cos way's de-
signs ffliHimerinaf among the inven-
tions of Corregio and Parmegiano.
I do not blame him for this ; but
when we parody scientifically, we
should be cautious. When I was
about fourteen, I comprehended
this great advantage, I may say, in
a moment. I was shewn, as a curio-
sity, a verj' scarce print by Mr. —
entitled the Conjurer. On one side
was a great number of Reynolds'
pictures, and on the other as many
by the old masters, that he had co-
pied or parodied. I was forcibly
struck on this occasion with the fol-
lowing idea: If such an artist as
Reynolds, who is incontestably a

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS^

423

great genius and an excellent cha-
racter, does this, it is probable that
all who have been eminently suc-
cessful, have done the same; and to
be eminently successful myself, J
must adopt this method.

" Dr. Walcot, alias Peter Pin-
dar, finding fault with one of Rey-
nolds's performances, begged him
not to take his criticism ill, and
added, ' If I compare you to others,
then you are like an eagle to a
■wren.'

" G. Bartolozzi, whose name is at
the bottom of this print of Madame
Recamier, is son to Francis Barto-
lozzi, the celebrated engraver. I
never saw but one other print by
him, and that is Mrs. Rudd, tried
for forgery at the Old Bailey, in
1775.

" Please to draw another print,
Miss Eve.

" Portrait of Maria de Rohan,
from a picture by Moreelse, in the
collection of king Charles I. James
Stow, sculp. — Maria de Rohan, an-
other celebrated beauty. What an
arch, gay good-nature is there in
this lovely countenance! What a
sweet, interesting face! and dressed
in such a fanciful, romantic way too !

'Her liquid eyes ten t hoitsand charms dispense.1

The artist who engraved this print
*vas patronized by the king, who,
when he was about fourteen, gave
two hundred guineas to Wool let i,
the engraver, to instruct him. After
Woollett's death, he was under the
tuition of Sharp, who is now per-
haps the best stroke-engraver in this
country. Stow has engraved some
good prints for Boydell's Shalc-
speare, Bowyer's Jlistori/ of Eng-
tand, and other considerable works.
I thought at first that the portrait of
Maria de Rohan was from Leonardo

da Vinci. It is said of da Vinci,
that, when painting a celebrated
beauty, he used every method he
could think of to entertain her, pro-
viding music, &c. O Miss Eve,
if you had been da Vinci's daugh-
ter, how often he woidd have re-
quested you to sing, and to produce
such enchantingly melodious sounds
as you can make your harp so sweet*
ly vibrate ! How you would have
soothed, and charmed, and beguiled
the time of the beauties of Italy ! We
should then havescen still more love-
ly port raits of those voluptuous dames
from da Vinci's pencil. Some have
laid it down as a rule, that the room
where portraits are painted should
be gay and entertaining, hung with
beautiful pictures of flowers or other
pleasing subjects. We are also told,
that a portrait-painter should be of
a gay and facetious disposition, and
abound with agreeable anecdote, to
entertain his models. It is said of
William Wissing, the portrait-
painter, who was a very handsome
man, and died young, that, when
he had a beautiful young lady to
paint, he used to dance about the
room with her, till she had a high
glow of colour in her face, which he
contemplated and painted, when it
was gone, from memory. Much the
same is said of Vandyke. We are
told, that he considered the person
to be painted with great attention
when quite fresh, and finished the
picture more from that idea, than
from the jaded appearance exhibited
by weariness and languor. Maria
de Rohan is probably not merely
what she was at the time of sitting,
but also in a high degree ideal. It
is certain, that in painting portraits,
we should heighten beauties, and
suppress defects. It' a person has
3 JL2

424

but one eye, or squints, we should
draw him in profile, or shroud (he
defective part in deep shadow. ff
a lady has a short neck, we should
make it longer ; if a snub nose,
draw her face in front. In the same
manner try to mend or hide other
defects. If, on the other hand, a
person has a handsome aquiline
nose, like Mrs. Siddons, it will do
"well sideways, in front, or any way.
What an excellent portrait Law-
rence has painted with a front face
from this great actress ! Miss Eve,
you must often go with me and see
this lady perform. She is probably
the best actress that ever trod the
stage. But our age cannot boast
that it has produced the best actor.
If a young Garrick, Betterton,
Booth, or even a Wilkes, a Hol-
land, a Powell, or a Henderson,
were now to arise, how he would
be applauded and followed ! Before
I leave this subject, I should not
forget Dorothea Jordan, who lives
beloved for her benevolent, social
qualities, and for whom, when she
is dead, tears of sincere regret will
be shed.

" It is said, that Sir Joshua Rey-
nolds made the tall short, or the
short tall, as they chose to have
themselves painted; tha"t all were
more handsome or sensible in his
pictures than they ever appeared
before. There is an anecdote of Sir
Godfrey Kneller, related by Pope,
who says, < I called on Sir Godfrey
one morning, and heard him, before
I entered the apartment where he
was, talking very loud. It seems
some persons had refused to receive
a portrait of one of their relations,
a country squire, because they said
it was not like him. 'Pope,' says
Kneller, ' here are people that have

brought me a compound of-

I endeavoured to put a little sense
into the farr>, and none of his rela-
tions know him.' "

Miss Eve. — " Pray, Miss K.
what general principles did you
work upon, when you painted the
face of that beautiful young lady
in light drapery ?"

Miss K. — " What are very com-
mon-place. I made the lower part
of the face more in shade than the
upper. I kept the neck down of a
pearly tint. I made the light re-
vive again on the bosom, where
there are some very light vermilion
tints. I made the under lip a great
deal lighter than the upper, and of
a cherry or ruby brightness ; the
middle of the light on the forehead
more loaded with colour, than those
parts which turn ; the ear not very
strong, to make it turn round or re-
cede ; the bright touch of white by
the black speck or iris of the eye,
loaded with colour ; and to make
the black seem blacker by the op-
position, the white of the eye of a
bluish cast. You see I have en-
riched the flesh, not only by a ge-
neral gradation, but a great num-
ber of gentle and particular grada-
tions. This gives warmth. When
the picture was almost finished, I
sketched, as freely as I could, about
with some tender ultramarine tints
in hatches, and mottled the cheeks
with vermilion, as engravers stip-
ple. This much assists transpa-
rency. The powder from her hair
has fallen a little, you see, on her
clothes. This is also common-place.
As for the great composition you
there see, the pale, stone-coloured,
fluted pillars, the vermilion curtains,
the strings, the tassels, the parrot
in his gilt cage, the piece of distant

ON SPLENDOUR OF COLOURS.

425

landscape, and the light cloud
whirling over it — all this is very
common-place. If our predecessors
have taken possession of the best se-
lections, should we refuse them on
that account ? You see I have
everywhere relieved, by light upon
shadow, shadow upon light, and,
in many places, so blended the out-
linos, that you cannot tell which is
which. This, though very simple,
is almost totally unknown to our pre-
sent painters. Reynolds employed
this principle to great advantage.
I have not only every where loaded
the lights, but strengthened the
shadows in their middles. This
great source of force and mellow-
ness is little known. I so dress my
model — observe how the parts run
as from centers: this is also little
known. And if you observe, I have
not drawn the eyes like eyes, but
like the the general effect of eyes
as they appear at a distance; and
the same in the other features, the
colours, &c. This practice is like-
wise much unknown. By this me-
thod Reynolds, and Rubens, and
some others gave the great charac-
ter, not only of the human form, but
of beasts, birds, and everything in
nature. They produced the gene-
ral aspect, of things, as they appear
at a given distance. If the artist
who paints the deceptions which I
saw at the window of a print-shop,
101, Strand, would turn his atten-
tion to these subjects, and paint por-
traits, it is not unlikely that, at no
great distance of time, he might be

styled Sir , R. A. or A. R. A.

I will allow that there is a sort of
divine fury, or furor, which per-
vades the minds of a favoured few,
who, like Sir Joshua Reynolds, are
so inspired, as it Mere, at times, as

to throw at their pictures large pieces
of melted sealing-wax of different
colours, which hit right (broad,
draggy, scambly), as wanted. What
is felt with ardour is easily executed.
Such as these fling colours at their
pictures, and thus obey the impulse,
like the ancient painter who threw
something that struck such excel-
lent foam on a horse's mouth. This
is not chance, but an accidental in-
tention. But yet, Miss Eve, we
must allow what is called a great
painter to be formed very much
by rules. When I first saw you,
I knew you were a genius ; you
struck your harp in a way that eve-
ry one cannot be taught to strike it,
and yet almost every one may be
taught to play well on a harp "

Miss Ere. — "Pray, Miss K.
what makes the hair and black dra-
pery look so rich in that farther fe-
male portrait ? You seem to buy
better colours than I can."

Miss A'. — "That, Miss Eve,
arises from transparency. I first
painted the underground of these
parts with a bright red."

Miss Ere. — " I cannot produce
so good a resemblance to powdered
hair."

Miss K.—u For that lady's hair,
I mixed white, Indian red, and
Antwerp blue. Observe under the
nose, cars, &c. what bright red
touches ! This seems very unwar-
rantable, if one looks close to nature
in the picture. The fingers are the
same, and yet you see, at the pro*
per distance, it turns to the tint re-
quired. In colouring, I endeavour
to make my lights brilliant, the
half-tints dusky, and to give the
shadows force, breadth, and trans-
parency. I try always to paint
darker and darker, and never paint

4C6

THE FOLLY OF DISCONTENT.

a lighter colour on a darker one, if
I can help it."

Miss Eve. — " Pray, Miss K. how
did you make those crimson cur-
tains look so rich and elegant ?"

Miss K. — " I began with Indian
red, black, and white, mixed with
a little vermilion, at times leaving
the darks very strong, the lights
pure white, except a light tinge of
vermilion : over the whole, when
dry, I put a coat of pure lake. If
you observe, Miss Eve, I have in
that portrait, for balancing, put
some red and yellow leaves, bright
red, or fainter or darker, such as
nature exhibits in autumn. This
was Reynolds-' manner. This is
done to balance such colours here
and there, where the picture, or
tout-ensemble, seems to want such
a balance. In the flower and fruit
pieces by Deheem, Van Huysum,

Rachael Iluysch, and many others,
you may see insects crawling about,
and butterflies with their resplen*
dent wings, introduced for no other
purpose than to carry on their backs
and wings the very colours that
are wanted to clear and balance the
principal masses. Rich pictures
must be red and yellow towards the
middle ; here also there must be a
great mass of light ; light joined to
light, and shadow to shadow, as
was the custom of those great mas-
ters of effect, Rubens and Reynolds.
The shapes of these lights should
be in large, winding, beautiful
forms — light, half-tint, and then
graduate to deep shadows. Rubens
often clothed his female figures in
black satin and velvet, for the force
and contrast of deep midnight sha-
dows."

Juninus.

THE FOLLY OF DISCONTENT.

A TALE.

In the days of Shah Abbas the
Great, who swayed the sceptre of
Persia, at whose voice armies, like
the sands of the sea-shore in num-
ber, and the cedars of the forest in
strength, were poured forth to scat-
ter dismay and terror over all the
powerful nations of the east ; at the
glance of whose eye, the sons of
pride were covered with confusion,
and the rulers of the earth with fear ;
there lived a venerable dervise, na-
med Abdallah. His dwelling was a
cave, situated close to the streams
of the Zenderhend, at a short dis-
tance from the capital Ispahan. His
diet was regular and temperate ;
his garments coarse, though neat ;
and he was every where equally re-

nowned for his learning and piety.
The most celebrated sages sought
his counsel, and, from his soothing
kindness, the sons and daughters of
sorrow received the balm of conso-
lation. To him were revealed the
solemn mysteries of the Ism-Ablah ;
and he knew the unutterable name
to which the genii are subservient,
and at which the ministers of Eblis
shake with horror. Such was the
reputation of his sanctity, that mul-
titudes flocked from distant coun-
tries to catch the precepts of wis-
dom and instruction from his lips.
He knew, with accuracy, the heal-
ing virtues and physical qualities
of various herbs and plants ; and it
was his daily practice to employ

THE FOLLY OF DISCONTENT.

Some portion of his time in the use-
ful application of this knowledge,
to alleviate the distresses of his fel-
low-creatures. On account of his
great sagacity and experience, he
was often commanded at the feet of
the sultan to declare the words of
advice. In the morning, at sunrise,
he usually, after finishing his ablu-
tions, retired to a particular spot,
at a short distance from his cave, in
order to perform his early adora-
tions. As he was once retiring from
his devotions, he stopped for a mo-
ment to admire the varied and pic-
turesque scenery which nature ex-
hibited. The azure expanse of the
sky was without a cloud. The wa-
ters of the river were gently rippling
by, and every little wave glittered
with the rays of the sun. The tur-
rets of the mosques'at Ispahan, re-
flecting his beams through the green
foliage of the trees, gave a lively
and animated turn to the prospect.
The dervise could not refrain from
uttering an exclamation of grateful
praise to the Creator, and stood lost
in rapture. From this agreeable re-
verie he was roused by a loud sigh ;
and, on turning to the quarter
whence the sound proceeded, he
was struck with the appearance of
a middle-aged man, in the dress of
a traveller, standing near, leaning
on his stalF, and his eyes rivctted
upon him. Abdullah accosted, and
courteously invited the stranger to
accompany him, and share his fru-
gal repast. The invitation was ac-
cepted. After the common topics
of conversation had been exhausted,
the stranger, looking stedfastly at
Abdallah, declared himself inclined
to envy the situation of a man, A\ho
bad certainly attained that ultima-
tum of human pursuits, perfect fe-

licity. The sage smiled, and re-
quested to know the cause of this
observation, and why the clouds
of sorrow covered his brow. The
stranger, won by the mild and per-
suasive address of his host, without
hesitation, entered upon the recital
of the principal circumstances of
his life.

" My name is Selim. My sire,
when living, was one of the wealth-
iest grandees of the Turkish empire.
Being his only child, I became
consequently, at his death, the sole
heir of his riches, which promised
to gratify my most boundless de-
sires. Unfortunately, from my child-
hood, I encouraged a spirit of dis-
content, that shewed itself in re-
peated fits of gloom and sullenness.
W ith whatever was in my own im-
mediate power I was dissatisfied,
and always wishing to acquire some-
thing which belonged to another.
Even then, at so early a period of
my life, this perpetual inquietude
and restlessness had soured my tem-
per, and planted that unhappiness
which has been my constant bane.
As I advanced in years, my dissatis-
faction and discontent increased.
At one time, I sighed for the autho-
rity and power of the sultan ; at an-
other, I envied the lowly labourer
his freedom from care. Sometimes
I longed to travel and visit remote
countries ; and again, determined to
remain in my native city, amidst all
the pleasures and magnificence that
wealth could procure. After my fa-
ther's death, I resolved to put the
latter resolution into execution. My
blood flowed through my veins in
all the vigour of youth, expecta-
tion sparkled in my eyes, my
heart throbbed with delight at the
thoughts of the future, and fancy

4!&

THE FOLLY OF DISCONTENT.

wantoned id all the luxuriance of
anticipation. I fondly seemed to
behold happiness in my possession,
and imagined that care had fled
from me. My seraglio was filled
with the most beautiful damsels of
Circassia ; the strains of musicians
were heard in my palace ; the cel-
lars overflowed with wine, and the
doors were thrown open to the sons of
dissipation and prodigality. I bade
adieu to the maxims of prudence,
and laughed at the advice of the so-
ber and temperate. The novelty of
this condition at first pleased me,
and brought a temporary suspen-
sion of misery. But at last, these
delights, which I had thought the
distributors of felicity, began to
cloy. I grew weary of running to-
day the round of yesterday ; and,
through want of the zest of vari-
ety, 1 again sunk into discontented
wretchedness. In the midst of riot
and laughter, I wished to be alone ;
I sought with impatience to remove
the lisflessness and languor which
oppressed me, by merriment and in-
toxication. My perpetual employ-
ment consisted in the comparison of
my oavii state with that of my
guests. They all wore the counte-
nance ofgaiety and obstreperous joy;
and trusting to this external shew,
I imagined their hearts as light and
careless as their faces. I rendered
myself still more restless and agi-
tated, by supposing myself singly
so, and that every one knew the se-
cret art of happiness but myself.
From this course of luxury and pro-
fusion, I was aroused by the clamo-
rous importunities of my creditors.
I found, to my utter astonishment
and dismay, that the remnant of
my substance which had escaped the
rapacious hands, of artful paiasitesj

was very insufficient to quiet the nuV
mcrous demands made upon it. I
now bitterly execrated my neglect
and extravagance, which had re-
duced me to beggary. I was forsak-
en by all my former worthless as-
sociates, who had wallowed in lux-
ury and pampered their appetites
with the choicest delicacies at my
expence ; many of whom had, dur-
ing my prosperity, the effrontery to
lament that my situation was so
much above their own, as to pre-
clude all means of testifying their
gratitude by the repayment of their
obligations. However, by the care
and kindness of some great men
who befriended me for the sake of
my deceased father, my affairs were
settled ; I obtained the post of go-
vernor of a distant province, and
was equipped for my destination. I
at first felt comparatively happy,
at having escaped the horrors of
poverty, which had just menaced
me. But these impressions quickly
wore off, and I again became the
same discontented wretch I had ever
been. 1 lamented my hard fate,
which had placed me at such a dis-
tance from the capital, and fancied I
should prefer a dungeou at Constan-
tinople to my present residence. I
became cruel through want of occu-
pation, and began to delight in op-
pression. Feeling confident that my
remoteness from the seat of govern-
ment would secure me from the eye
of scrutiny, I passed my nights in
devising schemes of extortion and
plunder, and my days in putting
them in practice. Thus, I soon
amassed vast sums of money, and
my success in avoiding detection
increased my rapacity. In the
midst of this career, however, a
man, whom I had pillaged of his

THE FOLLY OF DISCONTENT.

429

property, and who had secretly
vowed revenge, conveyed informa-
tion of my proceedings and riches
to the ffiand vizier. His avarice
took fire ; and, having a colour of
justice, he obtained an order from
the sultan for my deposition and
death, and the confiscation of my ef-
fects to the royal treasury. I scarce-
ly escaped with my life and a few
valuable jewels. Since that time
I have been wandering, an exile
from my country, and a wretched
outcast from society."

Here he paused, and Abdallah
thus began :

" There is but one God, and Mo-
hammed is his prophet. The pow-
ers and honours of this world are at
his disposal ; and happy the man
who unites with these gifts a mind
contented, and untainted with vice.
Tiie breath of adversity, which, like
the winds of the desert, withers
every tiling it reaches, though it le-
vel him with the crowd, and rob
him of outward distinction, yet his
breast remains unmoved, and he is
supported by the consciousness of
integrity. As the mountain is un-
hurt by the force of the tempest,
and abides the violence of the
storm ; so, when the sunshine of
royal favour is withdrawn, and the
attempts of injustice and oppres-
sion assail him, resting on the pillar
of virtue, he laughs at the fruitless
efforts of his enemies. But the child
of dust who hearkens to discontent,
and whose mouth overflows with re-
pinings and murmurs, who swells
with envy at the success of his
neighbours, wilfully- thwarts his
own peace, and charges Allah with
injustice. By comparing our state
with that of others, we may either

Sup. Vol, II,

increase gratitude, or become thank-
less and unhappy. Why compare
ourselves with those above ? Con-
sider the peasant who supports life
by toil ; think of him, over whose
couch the blasting influence of con-
tagion hovers ; or, of the wretch
who pines and languishes in the noi-
some obscurity of a dungeon. Then
send up the voice of thanksgiving
to the Most High, for the blessings
of competence, health, and free-
dom ; and let secret satisfaction per-
vade i\\y bosom. Discontent, caus-
ed by real or imaginary evils, which
patience and resignation would par-
tially, if not wholly remove, preys
with equally fatal consequences on
the rich and poor. She can dash
the cup of bliss from the lips of a
monarch, and introduce in its stead
vexation and disappointment. She
can poison the tranquillity of retire-
ment, or force upon her slaves drea-
ry solitude amid crowds. Thine
own experience has fully taught
thee the inefficiency of power and
wealth, where she resides, to pro-
cure felicity. Be humble ; rouse
thyself to active exertion, and let
thy future days atone the miscon-
duct of the past. Always remem-
ber this truth, that death will sooner
or later burst upon thee. Hereafter,
therefore, apply thyself to virtue
and religion ; make thy life subser-
vient to the good of thy fellow-crea-
tures, and thou shall enjoy as much
felicity as can fall to the Jot of
man." — As Abdallah ended, con-
viction and admiration were im-
pressed upon the face of Selim.
And it is recorded, that he profited
by these instructions; and that
when Azrael had dropped into his
mouth the bitter drops of death, the
3M

430

SINGULAR NARRATIVE.

inhabitants of Ispahan lamented the
close of a life, whose latter days had
been employed in increasing the
happiness of society on earth ; and

forcibly, by example, exciting to
the cultivation of piety, and serious
preparation for a future state.

Sir,
If you think the following narrative worthy of a place in your entertaining Miscel-
lany, it is at your service. It has never been made public, and is only known to
a few of my most intimate friends. It may perhaps be considered as too prolix
and circumstantial, but if it excites any degree of interest in your readers, I trust
its defects will be overlooked.

I am, Sir,

Your humble servant,

SuFFOLClENSIS.

Is the month of October, 1800,
I went into Essex, on a visit to a
near relation in the neighbourhood
of Chelmsford. After remaining
there three weeks, I went up to ]
town to pass a few days with my
son, a resident in Lincoln's Inn. 1
arrived in London the 18th of No-
vember, saw my son soon after at
his chambers, and agreed to dine
with him the following day, and to
accompany him to the theatre.
The morninir of the 19th was unu-
sually pleasant for that gloomy sea-
son, and I left Bishopsgate-street
immediately after breakfast, with
an intention of passing some hours
at the west end of the town. After
spending an hour in Westminster
abbey, I walked into the park, and
when I had reached the middle of
the mall, I observed a considerable
number of people, either running
or walking with great haste towards
the palace. I enquired the reason
of one of the sentinels, who very
civilly informed me that his Majes-
ty was holding a levee at St. James's ;
that Lord Nelson was to be presented
on his return from the Continent;
and that the Algerine ambassador
was expected with some beautiful
Arabian horses. My curiosity was

sufficiently excited to carry me to
this interesting scene, and I entered
the court-yard of the palace just soon
enough to see his African excellen-
cy at the top of the great staircase.
Hut the majority of the people of
distinction had, I was told, already
passed by to the drawing-room, on
which account I resolved to remain
there till the breaking up of the le-
vee. But as I had been on foot
several hours that day, and felt ex-
tremely fatigued, and was not in
health, I walked down the piazza,
and leant against one of the pillars
which support it. I had not been
in this situation more than two mi-
nutes, when I heard behind me an
exclamation, in a low hoarse voice,
" Never fear me ! I'll warrant you,
I'll stick it into his great guts." I
involuntarily turned round, and
saw, with an horror which I never
shall forget, an ill-looking, shabbily
dressed fellow, apparently half
drunk, with a large clasp knife in
his hand opened, which lie put un-
der his coat in great haste. Two
genteelly dressed men, who had the
appearance of foreigners, stood be-
fore him, to whom he had addressed
this diabolical speech, and who I
make no doubt had incited him to

SINGULAR NARRATIVE.

431

this bloody purpose. Whether the
two men saw me, and suspected that
I had observed them, I know not,
but immediately they left the assas-
sin under the piazza, and walked arm
in arm out of the front of tlie pa-
lace, where a great number of per-
sons were waiting. It will appear
very extraordinary, and almost in-
credible, that these two men, in in-
troducing this assassin, should be
able to escape the observation of
the crowd at the front of the palace,
or of others who were frequently
passing up and down the piazza.
I can only account for it by suppos-
ing that these wretches had entered
the piazza from some avenue very
near it, and had seized a favourable
opportunity before the breaking up
of the levee, and at a time when
many of the spectators had depart-
ed from the court-yard. Probably
I escaped their observation, by
being rather thin in my person,
and standing with my arms folded
on the opposite side of the pillar.
It will readily be believed, that the
suddenness and singularity of this
incident must have placed me in a
most painful predicament. Indeed
I cannot, even at this distance of
time, think of it without pain. I
felt alternately hot and cold, and
was inclined to doubt the evidence
of my senses, and to suppose it
wholly an illusion.- 1 still, however,
preserved sufficient presence of
mind and recollection to be aware,
that here was evidently the preme-
ditation of an attempt on the life of
some one ; that not a single crea-
ture but myself was privy to it ;
and that I had an heavy duty at-
tached to me to defeat the intentions
of this villain by my interference
and activity. In this very uncom-

fortable state of mind, I did not,
however, lose sight of the assassin.
As he sauntered about, I followed
him at a short distance, and as I
occasionally passed him, could ea-
sily discern the point of the knife
under his coat. I once observed
him shut I he knife with his left
hand, and convey it with great cau-
tion into his pocket. This left him
at liberty to take a pinch or two of
snuff from a shabby box. The
knife was, however, immediately,
and with great dexterity, replaced
in his right hand under his coat.
Although I followed him in this
manner for almost the space of an
hour, and scrutinized all his actions
so minutely, it is astonishing that
I did not excite either his suspicion,
or observation. During this period,
I revolved in my mind various pro-
jects to defeat his villanous inten-
tions. At one time, I had resolved to
hasten up to Bow-street, and give
information at the police-office.
This project I gave up, from the
fear that during my absence he
might have effected his bloody pur-
pose. At last I concluded to search
out some one of the guards, and to
have him apprehended, if possible,
without exciting a tumult. Just
at this period, I was very much
gratified with seeing several men
(whom I call pages) in the royal
livery, and with canes in their hands,
enter the piazza, and place them-
selves at certain distances from each
other. I soon found that they were
stationed there to regulate the at-
tendance of the servants of those
who were at the levee. I observed
that a person with a white wand
stood at the bottom of the great
staircase, and on the appearance of
any one returning from the drawing-
3M2

432

singular narrativi:.

room, lie announced with a loud
voice their name and quality. This
notice was repeated by one of these
pages, and again by another near-
est him, and so on from one to
another, by which means the ser-
vants immediately attended. I ad-
dressed myself to one of these men,
and drawing him aside, to avoid i
being overheard, I informed him, |
in as few words as I could, what I
had heard, and what I had seen. !
At the same time I described to him !
the dress of the villain, which ap- j
peared to be that of an hair-dresser,
and pointed out his situation at no
great distance from ourselves. I
felt somewhat relieved at this step,
and watched the countenance and
actions of the page with so much
anxiety, that I felt, I confess, ra-
ther mortified at his not taking so
immediate and active a part as I
wished. The company was now
returning very fast from the levee,
and his Majesty's post-chaise, with
a pair of black horses, entered the
court-yard ; and after making a
sweep, drew up at the upper end
of the piazza nearest the foot of the
staircase. I was carried by the
pressure of the crowd, which was
considerable, very near the horses ;
and on turning my head, I saw, with
astonishment and (error, the assassin
planted nearthc door of the carriage;
and, indeed, so near, that his Ma-
jesty must necessarily pass him. I
will not attempt to describe the
agony of my feelings. However,
I immediately made my way through
the crowd, and again addressed my-
self to the page ; and, in a tone of
terror and agitation, 1 asked him if
lie had forgotten what I had im-
parted to him. " I have not for-
gotten it, sir," said he, <; but have

been thinking of the best method f<J

pursue.

For God's sake," I an-

swered, " be quick, there is not a
moment to spare ; the villain is now
at the coach-door, and it is too evi-
dent what his intentions are." The

page

changed colour, and imme-

diately whispered in the ear of the
next page, a man who appeared
about fifty years of age, and of an
interesting countenance. After this
disclosure, I felt comparatively
happy in being relieved from a
painful burden, as I 'certainly had
in a great measure exonerated my-
self, by giving the information to
those who must have a particular
interest in it, and had likewise the
power to prevent the wretch's pur-
pose. With this degree of comfort
in my mind, I -went and stood at
the bottom of the staircase, with a
resolution to await the return of his
Majesty, and then to follow him to
his coach ; and if no other active
step had been taken, I would my-
self make an effort to seize the assas-
sin's arm. I had remained there
but a few minutes, when my atten-
tion was suddenly arrested by a
confused sort of noise and bustle at
the distance of a few yards. A
young man in livery, waiting the
return of his master, remarked that
something was the matter, and that
he would go and enquire. He re-
turned as soon as possible, and ad-
dressed himself to me : " They have
taken a pickpocket in the crowd,
near the king's coach." This was
sufficient to carry me back to the,
spot ; and to my satisfaction, I
found that the villain was gone. I
was observed at the same time by
the elder of the pages, who held up
his finger to me as a signal to fol-
low him at some little distance from

SINGULAR NARRATIVE.

433

the crowd. " We have secured
him," said he. " Thank God," I
answered ; " but tell me all the par-
ticulars." " I took hold of one of
his arms," he replied, " and my
partner the other ; and calling out,
we have caught a pickpocket, we
led him off to that place (pointing
to the guard-house,) and there we
have him safe under lock and key."
" But what account does he give of
himself, as you undoubtedly found
him armed with the knife ?" " His
excuse," said he, " was a very un-
likely one. That some one whom
he had dressed for the levee, had af-
fronted him." But//m£, the page
observed, was too absurd to be be-
lieved. " This is a very extraordi-
nary affair, sir," continued he, "do
you know any thing of these ras-
cals ?" "I am sorry," I replied,
tl that you should think it necessary
to ask such a question. I came
here as a spectator, and overheard
what you are already informed of."
" We are very much obliged to
you, sir," said he, " for the trouble
you have had ; and as this fellow
must be taken to the office for exa-
mination, would you have any ob-
jection lo confront him ?" " I can
have no objection," I answered, "if
it is really necessary; but as he is
an entire stranger tome, I can mere-
ly repeat what you are acquainted
with. At all events, I think I shall
not leave the palace till his Majesty
has taken coach, as I have a great
desire to sec him."

I returned once more to the bot-
tom of the staircase, and began to
reflect on the probable consequence

of this affair. Although I felt con-
scious that I had acted to the best of
my judgment in the steps which I
had taken, st ill the idea of appear-
ing on such an occasion at the Secre-
tary of State's office, filled me with
a kind of terror, which I could not
overcome. Indeed, I had suffered
so much anxiety and agitation of
mind for the space of at least two
hours, that my spirits were exhaust-
ed, and I felt the necessity of re-
freshment and repose. I reflected,
likewise, that this examination
would disengage my plan of dining
with my son ; who knowing my ge-
neral punctuality, and that I was
not in health, would be surprised
and alarmed at my absence. Under
these impressions, I left the palace
the way that I had entered itf most
completely gratified with the happy
event of this most singular adven-
ture. The following morning I went
to a coffee-house, and in one of the
newspapers read the following para-
graph : " Last night was examined
at the Secretary of State's office, a
foreigner of distinction, on a charge
of high treason." Whether this
bore any allusion to tiie preceding
affair, I shall leave my readers to
judge.

The late enthusiastic cejebration
of the Jubilee is a convincing proof
how much his Majesty lives in the
hearts of his faithful subjects ; as
one of whom I offer this my humble
tribute of loyalty to my Sovereign,
whose virtues all good men must re-
vere, and whom I trust the Almigh-
ty will preserve to this nation many,
many years.

431

EXAMINATION OF THE QUESTION, WHETHER IT WAS
CUSTOMARY FOR THE WOMEN OF ANCIENT ATHENS
TO FREQUENT THE THEATRE.

By Mr. Bottiger.

(Continued from page 387. )

Secondly. A woman of charac- heard abroad, and who, consequent-

ter in Athens appeared no otherwise ly, sees and hears herself as little as

in public, than on the grand festi- ■ possible, deserves the preference,

vals of her tutelary goddess,* at so- both according to Pericles and Xe-

lcmn processions and sacritices, and
on other extraordinary occasions.
There were, indeed, annual festi-
vals at which the women attended,
but no men durst mix with them.
In the former case proper officers
(ywx.ix.ox.o'JiA.oi) were appointed by the
state, who kept a watchful eye over
them. The rest of their lives they
passed, in company with their
daughters and maids, locked up*,
as it were, in the back part of their
houses, where, in the true eastern
style, they were accessable only to
female visitants or relations : most
frequently spending their time in a
childish indulgence of dress ; or, .if
their husbands bore any resem-
blance to theSocratic Ischomachus,
managing the domestic concerns of
their familyf . That housewife, of
whom nothing is either seen or

* It was a common saying, " that a
respectable woman ought to pass her
time in seclusion, or locked up, and with-
out going abroad." See Plutarch de
Mulier. Virt. T. II. p. 1, ed. Wyttenb. :
and a modest woman was called one who
is locked up. Vid. Ilemsterhus. ad Lu-
cian. Tim. 17. torn. I. p. 1'2S.

fSee the 3, 8, and 0 chapters of Xeno-
phon's (Economicus, and compare there-
with, as Schneider has already done in
his edition, the (Economicus of Aristo-
tle, 1, 6 ; whence it appears, that an
Athenian housewife discharged the du
ties only of nurse and first housekeeper.

nophon*. Hence Phidias, an Athe-
nian, placed a turtle by the statue
of Venus, isi Elis; hence also, in
the citadel, the olnaqos o<piS, or house-
dragon, that never quitted his god-
dess, was an emblem of the domes-
tic virtues ofwoment.

Thirdly. A married man at
Athens could not at all feel anxious
that his wife should excel in those
refinements which constitute such
an essential part of modern educa-
tion. Music, dancing, and singing,
were customary to be taught only in
the school of Aspasias, at Corinth,
Syracuse, or Miletus. Those who
had been instructed in music were
courtezans, and were hired to per-
form at feasts and other rejoicings.
The history of literature records no
Athenian poetess or authoress, any
more than political history does a

* Pericles makes this observation re-
specting the Athenian females in his ce-
lebrated funeral oration, as given by
Thucydides, II. 45. The passage of Xe-
nophon is in his (Economicus, ch. 3,
p. 20, cd. Schneid.

f On the sea-turtle at the feet of Venus,
see Winkelmann's works, vol. II. p. 507,
I of the new and extremely splendid Dres-
l den edition, which is also the com pie test.
i The dragon in the citadel bore the same
j epithet which distinguished every good
housewife, and which denoted her strict
I attention to the in-door* concerns of the
[family. See the commentators on He-
t sychius, torn. II. ch. 7 20*, I'J.

ON WOMEN FREQUENTING THE THEATRE AT ATHENS.

435

heroine. No Athenian woman shone
in Plutarch's historic gallery of fe-
male heroism. To obtain children
and heirs, lawfully begotten, was
the only object, which, even com-
formably to the letter of Solon's le-
gislation, an Athenian, on his mar-
rying a genuine citizen's daughter,
was permitted to have in view. A
young man frequently did not see
his intended bride, till she, after
being betrothed, unveiled herself to
him : so that in one of Menandcr's
comedies, a young man of Athens
might well be made to say of his
neighbour's daughter, whom he was
going to marry, " I know not what
monster they are bringing me here."
Another passage is to the following
purport: "Although the young
woman about to be married speak
not a word, she most eloquently
proclaims her praise by silence."

If the want of mental cultivation
and ornamental education was at-
tended with some highly beneficial
effects for domestic happiness, the
classical reader well knows, that it
gave birth to evils, as detrimental,
and, perhaps, overbalancing its ad-
vantages. Young men, to indemnify
themselves for this deficiency of
refinement in the modest portion of
the fair sex, had recourse to the
society of licentious women ; and
married men, far ryore profligate
than their juniors, made themselves
amends in a manner at once too abo-
minable and too well known to be
mentioned. It appears also to have
been an established custom, to keep
in the house a female slave, as con-
cubine. In an accusation, falsely
attributed to Demosthenes, and di-
rected against Neaera, whom an
Athenian citizen, against the law of
fhe land, had raised from a courte-

zan to the honourable character of
his rightful wife, there is a passage,
in which, without any circumlocu-
tion, this is asserted in presence of
the judges and the people : " We
have courtezans for pleasure ; con-
cubines for our bodily convenience
during the day-time ; and wives to
procreate lawful children, as well as
to entrust the affairs of our houses to
faithful managers*."

Fourthly. Athenian women of
rank, therefore, suffered a much
more inconsiderable loss as to amuse-
ment, than our ladies of fashion
would do, if theatres in Europe
were open to men only. They did
not want for expedients to recom-
pense themselves for this depriva-
tion. Let any one who is doubtful
about this point, peruse the Thes-
mophoriagusce of Aristophanes, a
play which (ices not admit of trans-
lation. From among the many proofs
it contains in favour of the opinion
here advanced, I will only select
one. The whole piece turns upon
a conspiracy of the women, to take
revenge of Euripides, the tragic

*P. 1386, 20, cfl. Reisk. In this
whole oration, as in that of iEschines
against Timarchus, is laid open the lax-
ity of principles by which the Athenians
were guided respecting the relations of
the female sex. The ideas of Plato, in
his Republic, with regard to women as
they ought to be, cannot be completely
understood, unless this degraded state of
them, as they were at that time, be con-
stantly kept in view. See Morgenstern's
Contmentatt. de Platonis civit. p. 221.
Hence it would appear, that \\ hen Pauw
is apt to overcharge the defects of the
Greeks, and Barthelemy to overrate the
commendable qualities they possessed,
the former had more grounds for his as-
sertion than the latter.

456

ON WOMEN FREQUENTING THE THEATRE AT ATHENS.

poet, who in bis tragedies calumni-
ated the female sex most maliciously.
"Whence is it, that these vindictive
women have derived their know-
ledge of that outrage committed by
the tragic poet, then esteemed be-
yond any other ? Does, perhaps,
any one of them exclaim, " To our
shame we are obliged to hear this
at the theatre! How scoffingly do
then the men turn their eyes towards
us! To spare ourselves this vexa-
tion, let us make a resolution never
to go there when any of Euripides'
dramas are acted." A modern wri-
ter of comedies would have made
them say so ; -but throughout the
play referred to, there is not a syl-
lable to this effect. Instead of which,
one of the women says, "When the
men return home from the theatre
after seeing one of Euripides' plays,
how distrustfully and jealously do
they watch every step of our's!"
Whereupon they quote somehighly
diverting cases, tending to shew,
that the eyes of the men had only
been opened by Euripides*. It is,
therefore, by this means only that
the wives learn what lessons that
wicked enemy of the female sex
gives to their husbands on the stage.
Neither is it likely, that Euripides,
who, undoubtedly, in his stage he-
roines, represented the women more
frequently such as they appeared
to the Athenians, than as they might
be supposed to have been during the
heroic agest, would have introduced

* Aristophanes' Thesmoph. 395, 599.

t This he pleaded himself in excuse to
JEschylus, who, in Aristophanes' Frogs,
p. 1085, makes a merit of never having
introduced in his tragedies any woman
in love. Euripides, in this particular, had
the authority of As isloile to appeal to,

on the stage scenes like those, where
a bastard is found in a cow-house,
a pregnant damsel is delivered in a
temple* ; if while employed in com-
position, he had been obliged to
bear in mind, that part of his audi-
ence consisted of modest and respec-
table mothers and daughters.

Besides, if we examine all that
remains of the Grecian theatre, as
collected by father Brumoy, we
shall find, that, independent of thft
continual interference of the desti-
nies, it has a far more manly cha-
racter and much more energy than
our's, owing to the absence of every
sort of amorous intrigue ; since
there was no occasion of paying any
attention cither to the actresses or
the female part of the audience.
Accordingly, in the Ion of Euripi-
des, the confessions of Creusa, im-
puting her pregnancy to a god,
could never give offence. But when
Mr. A. W. Schlegcl, an ingenious
German poet, in his Ion, had in-
troduced his Creusa, making the
same confession, at the end of the
piece, this portion of it was much
objected to on the first performance
of the play before a Weimar audi-
ence, which, on the Continent, may
certainly be classed among the most

who says, " the women are more fre-
quently bad than good." Poet. 15, p. 38,
ed licrm. where Mr. Twining, in his
notes, p. 330, quotes a very appropriate
passage from Aristotle's Hist, of Anim.
IX. 1.

* The first of these cases occurred in
the Menalippe of Euripides. See Val-
kenaer Diatribe in Fragm. p. 1S3 ; and
Mr. Twining on Aristotle, p. 93 ; and
(he second in another play of the same
poet, according to ihe testimony of the
Scholia on Aristophanis Rancr, 1112.

ON WOMEN FREQUENTING THE THEATRE AT ATHENS.

437

■enlightened and refined ; and many
respectable women declared, that
principle and delicacy forbade them
to be present at a second represent-
ation of that drama*.

Fifthly, If, as every classical
scholar knows, at least from the pre-
face of Cornelius Nepos, it was the
unalterable custom for wives and
young women of character to for-
bear going from the gymnasium
to the andronitis, or dining- hall,
whenever any strangers of the other
sex happened to be on a visit, how
could an Athenian woman of respect-
ability have hazarded to expose her
person in the theatre, where Ave
have good reasons for supposing,
that the audience did not always
conduct themselves with the strict-
est decorumf, to (he view of nearly
the whole male population of the
city? If it was accounted a breach

* Yet, some Lime after, the same au-
thor seems to*have been fully aware of
■the difference between Greek and mo-
dem dramas. See Comparaison de la
1'itcdre de Racine et celle d'Euripide.
(Paris, ISO",-) p. 30.

f A passage from the Attlue of Philo-
jchoros, quoted by Alhenaeus, XI. p. 405,
F. or torn. IV. p. 204<, Schweighaeus.
places it beyond a doubt, that the au-
dience at the theatre drank freely, and
regaled themselves with dried fruit; for
it was usual to perform at least four plays
successively. See Mr. Twining's notes
on Aristotle, p. 4-75, 199, Nor are we
to forget, what is clear from Plato, that,
during the festival of the Dionysia,
which was the only time appropriated for
theatrical representations, scarcely any
.male inhabitant of Athens was to be
found without being more or less intox-
icated. And could it be proper for mo-
dest females to appear in the public the-
atres, when they were filled with such
-company ?

Sup. Vol. JL

of decorum in any Athenian woman
of respectability, to have even her
portrait exhibited publicly, so that
Polygnotus, as we collect from Plu-
tarch in the life of Cimon, ch. 4.
could not venture to place in the
Stoa the likeness of his Elpinice,
except under the character of the
Trojan woman Laodice, ia it likely
that wives and daughters in person
would have dared to brave the stare
of a mixed and crowded assemblage
of men ? Finally, ifj in the presence
of a modest female, it was not per-
mitted so much as to utter the word
ironoqc (the Greek for courtezan), and
if it was considered as a most unpar-
donable outrage, to use indecent
language in the hearing of a modest
woman, what a large share of assur-
ance must these modest Athenian
women have possessed, to endute
the representation of a satiric dra-
ma, which generally formed the
fourth piece, or the appendix, to a,
tragic trilogy, to say nothing of an
Aristophanic farce* ! These poor
women were notoriously, even with-
out the resource of hiding their
blushes under a fan, a shawl, or a
handkerchief. To have allowed
Athenian women, that were not of
loose character, or such as offered
their charms for sale in the market-
place, to visit the theatre, while the
above ideas prevailed, and the just
stated law s of female decorum were
generally enforced, would certainly
have been, of all absurdities and
inconsistencies, the grossest and the
most unaccountable. But I have
one more question to ask.

* See the commentators on Terevt.
Heautont. V. 4, iy • as ai*>o the Midiana
of Demosthenes, ch. 23, p. \3, ed. Spald-
ing-

3>J

438 ON WOMEN FREQUENTING TIIE THEATRE AT ATHENS.

Sixthly. Did this complete re-
moval of women, who ever com-
mand respect, from the social inter-
course with men and from the the-
atre, produce, upon the whole,
really so injurious an effect on the
refinement of the Greeks as some
appear to suppose ? The romantic
system of gallantry, which took its
rise in the North, and which assign-
ed to women an entirely different
rank in society, will, indeed, at the
present moment, scarcely allow us
bold I v and impartially to deliver
our opinion on this subject. "We
ought, however, seriously to weigh
what one of the most acute observ-
ers of the female sex, and of its in-
fluence over the mental improve-
ment of the community, has lately
remarked, with equal sagacity and
truth, on the pernicious consequen-
ces of mixed societies, where only
women govern and lead, as well as
on the general smoothness and
effeminacy of the male character
thence resulting*. Even the clubs,

* In " Bstrnchtungen iiber den Zeit-
geist in Deutschland von C. Brandes ;"
that is, Observations on the Character of
the Times in Germany ; p. 141, 599.

%*" It is somewhat remarkable, that a
Custom, for wh'ch Englishmen have ever
been severely censured by foreigners,
namely, that of excluding, in a great
measure, the women from their society,
should not only be defended, but even
held up in commendation, by a foreign
author, who seems to enjoy some reputa-
tion in his country. In fact, if the cha-
racter of Englishmen, in general, be man-
ly, firm, and dignified, beyond that of
most European nations, no small portion
of it may be attributable to the custom in
question. Nor can we, for all this, be
justly charged with any deficiency in pro-
per respect towards the female sex. On

which, however, can hardly be said
to bear any analogy to the sympo-
sia of the Greeks, have ever been
a very inefficient antidote against
this despotism of the tea-fable. And
as for tragedy, and the whole of our
wretched theatrical system, those
highly celebrated fathers of Grecian
tragedy, yEschylus and Sophocles,
are certainly not to be esteemed the
less, for never calling in the aid of
love ; nor ought Euripides himself,
whose rancorous hatred of -women
is well known, for having consider-
ed only the highly tragical and un-
conquerable effects of love as fit
subjects for the stage, to be depriv-
ed of the praise conferred upon him
by Aristotle, who styles him the
most tragic of the poets. The
above-mentioned comparison be-
tween the Phcedra of Euripides and
that of Racine, by A. W. Schlegel,
and which is conducted at once
with impartiality and ingenuity,
might be recommended to the ad-
mirers of the amorous dalliance of
the modern drama as an anti-ner-
vous remedy. Ever since women,
aye, and but too often nervous wo-
men, form an integral part of our
theatrical audiences and private so-
cieties, several incidents, which
may be classed among the most
sublime, cannot be represented on
the stage, when even the poet scarce-
ly dares invent them, without in-
curring obloquy. That scene in
Schiller's Mary Stuart, where Mor-

the contrary, it would not be difficult to
prove, that English-women, upon the
whole, enjoy more real esteem, and are
more absolute mistresses of their husbands'
aiiections, than the French, and perhaps
all other women on the Continent of
theii'*s. — Trans!.

QBSERVATIONS ON AN ANCIENT COIN.

timer distresses Mary with unsea-
sonable professions of love, has been
greatly censured, and usually omit-
ted on the stage, as being extremely
indecorous. Yet has Schiller him-
self been heard to say, that he con-
sidered this very scene as the most
tragical in the whole piece; and
there is no doubt, but that it would
prove so in the representation, if

the audience consisted only of men ;
especially if, in conformity with the
ancient theatrical practice, the part
of the queen could be performed
only by an actor.

But what is the inference from all
this ? Are we to lay aside our ha-
bits and manners, and adopt those
of Greece ? Forbid it, our good
genius !

MMfcmwmjjBoai

OBSERVATIONS ON
TO THE
Sir,

The faC'Simile of an ancient coin
of one of our Henries, presented in
your last number, from an original
of a large quantity discovered in
Ireland, and the observations that
accompany the publication, have
induced me to think, that a coin,
of nearly the same description, now
in my possession, may not be deem-
ed unworthy of the notice of your
very scientific and interesting ma-
gazine. The coin which I send for
your consideration, is the more
worthy of the attention of your read-
ers, as it is perfect where the one
copied in your last magazine is im-
perfect ; and thus it may serve to
supply the deficiencies of its pre-
decessor, and each may contribute
to the elucidation of the whole.

The person who sent the coin
copied in your last, seems to have
gone beyond what the appearances
that can be traced on the face of the
coin will warrant in saying, that

AN ANCIENT COIN.
EDITOR.

the inscription of Civilas Dublinice
was discernable in its interior cir-
cle ; and I would remark here, by
the bye, that, though not abso-
lutely certain, I have rather a
strong impression on my mind, that
the Latin name of Dublin was Dub'
Unium, not Dublinia, in the femi-
nine. Notwithstanding that, the
other, and more ancient Latin name,
Eblana, was feminine : and it is
very remarkable, that neither has
any analogy of sound or meaning
with the Irish denomination, which
is an easily recognized contraction,
explained and corroborated by his-
torical tradition, of Rally auiih
Cliath ; that is, " the town of the
place of hurdles;" the first habi-
tations having been erected upon
that kind of wicker foundation in
the bogs and marshes formed by the
inundations of the Liffey, or the flat
grounds near its discharge into
Dublin bay.
This digression will be pardoned
3N2

OBSERVATIONS ON AN ANCIENT COIN.

in an article, the object of which is
purely matter of antiquarian re-
search. To return to the coin be-
fore us : you will observe, that the
inscription in the interior circle on
its reverse, is perfectly legible, and
that it bears the name of the capital
of England, Civil as London : —
■whence it may be iirfcrred, that if
the coin in your last number was
struck in Dublin, the name of that
city would have been given simply
Dublin, without any latinized ter-
mination, masculine or feminine.
Indeed, I am inclined to think,
that these latinized terminations are
rather of comparatively modern ori-
gin ; and perhaps the loose idea,
which I am sorry I cannot imme-
diately confirm by reference to the
necessary authorities, is correct ;
that is, that when our Gothic, or
Danish, or Norwegian ancestors su-
perseded the ancient and classical
names which the first Grecian and
Homan geographers and historians
gave to the principal towns in this,
to them, imperfectly known part of
the world ; or, rather, compro-
mised with the monks for giving
latinity to the existing local names,
the object was generally carried
into effect by the simple addition
of the name as commonly spelled
and pronounced in the vernacular
tongue, to the proper case of the
Xatin term for city, town, country,
or whatever other description the
place in question belonged to. This
was the practice observed in the
early and middle ages of printing,
where we find the specification tech-
nically called the imprint, gene-
rally expressed in Latin, according
to this form „• In vico vnlgo dido
Pater~Noster-RoW) in the street
commonly called i^vtcruoster-Kow :

Ad insignia vu?go dicta, the Cross*
Keys, at the sign commonly called!
the Cross-Keys, &c.

But to return again to our coin. —
The impression of Civitas London
is perfectly clear and legible upon
it, divided by the cross which
quarters the reverse of the piece.
In ihe exterior circle, the motto of
Posui Dcum Adjiitorem nteinti n
easily traced, though every letter
is not distinct. Wilhin the interior
circle, containing the local appro~
priation, or date, or authorization,
of Civitas London^ in each angle
of the cross, are three balls, placed
triangularly, one being inserted al-
ways close in the angle. It is re-
markable, that two of these oppo-
site triangles of balls have a small
connecting circle in the center,
which is omitted in the other two.
Whether the balls were intended to
convey any idea farther than that
of a fanciful ornament, I am not
qualified to say ; much less, whe-
ther the circle observable in two
opposite quarters, and not in the
others, had, or had not, a still more
particular meaning. I believe, how-
ever, that the designation of the
three balls then recently introduced
by the Lombard bankers, was in
high fashion, and had been adopted
by the Flemings and Hanseatic trad-
ers, generally knovrn by the deno-
mination of Easter lings ; whose ge-
nuine currency, amidst a generally
debased circulating medium, esta-
blished, and has perpetuated the
term of sterling, as the standard
denomination of pure British money
to the present day. This, however,
is but a mere conjectural reference.
The balls, in all probability, were
but purely ornamental.
The general aspect of this coin,

OBSERVATIONS OX AN ANCIENT COIN.

441

where it is not defaced, is far from
being inelegant ; and if the execu-
tion of the coin is, as some high au-
thorities have laid down, the best
criterion of the state of civilization
in the country to which it belongs,
certainly this is no bad specimen of
the condition of England at the
time when it was struck. The let-
ters, formed in a manner peculiar
to the inscriptions of the middle
ages, are difficult of execution ; and
yct} like the illuminated letters on
the manuscripts of the same period,
executed in a manner that must ex-
cite the admiration even of modern
perfection. The dotted circles that
divide the external from the internal
parts, are nicely regular. The figure
of the sovereign on the front ot the
coin, who is named simply Hemic
(which, notwithstanding certain ex-
ceptions, would seem to indicate the
first of that name), though with the
very unusual disadvantage of pre-
senting a full front face, yet is not,
even now, with all its defacement,
without some appearance of having
presented a striking countenance.
The loose flowing hair is a cha-
racter which would probably avail
more than any other to ascertain the
precise date. It is particularly vex-
atious, that the sequel of the title,
Ilcnricus Dei Gratia, is not dis-
tinct.

I am not aware of any thing else
in this coin that affords room for
any useful observation, except it be
the hole perforated at the extremity
of one of the arms of the cross.
This hole, sir, has a history as
distinct as that of the coin itself,
and not less interesting ; though
equally devoid of dates and other
means of historic appropriation. —
This hole, sir, indieatrs? in the

country where the coin fell info my
hands (Ireland), that it had served
to ornament the head of a rosary,
where it recalled to the memory of
successive generations of devotees,
perhaps, for whole centuries, the
sacrifice of the Crucifixion ; and
presenting the first and greatest em-
blem of Christian salvation, afford-
ed to the senses and the souls of
these rude and simple times, the
strongest incentives to the faith and
the duties of the gospel of Christ.
I do not know whether the practice
of affixing coins to rosaries is com-
mon in other Catholic countries ;
but it is very general in Ireland,
where this piece, sanctified proba-
bly by centuries of prayers, came
into ray possession. The coins used
for this purpose are almost univer-
sally ancient, and have done their
godly service from time immemo-
rial. The cause of this appropria-
tion, is ilm cross, with which the
coins of the middle ages are all
strikingly marked. If is in allusion
to the cross that we so often hear,
among the maxims of the lower
classes, generally less liable to va-
riation than any other oral records
derived from our ancestors, these
expressions : " he has not a cross ;"
#r, u he has not withal to bless
himself:" meaning, that the per-
son alluded to has not a single piece
of money of any description ; all
coins having, in the middle ages,
the device of the cross, with some
appropriate words annexed, and all
signs of the cross being used as a
religious purification. 1 do not
know when this pious custom fell
first into disuse, nor what govern-
ment set the example of it ; but to
the latest period of the late French
monarchy, the coin bore the legend

il$

NEW METHODS OF TRAVELLING T*ROPOSTD.

of Benediction sit Nomen Domi-
ni— I believe, without a cross: and
i Portuguese coin had a distinct
cross (like that on the piece in-
closed, but better executed), with
the legend, In hoc Signo vinccs ;
" with this sign thou shall con-
quer."

Our British coin seems for some
time to have contented itself with
the annexed line of Dei Gratia
(by the grace of God), to the so-
vereign's name, no other acknow-
ledgment to heaven being inscribed
since the disuse of the coinage of
crown pieces, to which a bit of
piety was annexed round the mar-
gin, in round letters ; an example
common to the old French mo-
narchy with us, which I find Bo-
naparte has followed, by an im-
pressed ensculpturc round the mar-
gin of his large coins, in the words,
Dicn protege la France. And J
cannot help, on this occasion, ex-
pressing my regret, that impious
France should have, in this lasting

record, the advantage of public
opinion beyond us. This coin of
Napoleon is of the present year, and
has on its reverse, Empire Francais;
whereas one of the preceding year
has Repiiblique Franeaise ; though
the inscription round the head on
the front of both, is Napoleon, Em-
pereiir. The introduction of the
French language upon the cojn in-
stead of the ancient and general
usage of the Latin, began with the
French revolution, and is one of the
few ideas of that era adopted and
continued by Bonaparte. The con-
tinuance is certainly not without an
object; and (hat object is, no doubt,
still revolutionary.

I feel, sir, I have trespassed un-
reasonably upon 3'our limits ; and
have only to offer my best wishes
for the general success of your very
useful, interesting, and entertaining
publication.

A near Neighbour

And constant Reader.

Strand.

NEW METHODS OF TRAVELLING PROPOSED.

TO THE EDITOR.
Sir, I made to come forward like the head

of a gig. This cover may have
clasps, to protect the legs and thighs

To assist some modern bit of blood
in his rage for notoriety, 1 bcglcavi
to offer, through your Repository \
of Fashion, the following hints,
which I make no doubt will be soon
adopted.

I propose a light seat, or chair,
like a sulky, fixed upon a saddle;
this being put upon a strong horse,
yoked tandem-ways before him ;
and that the driver should sit upon
the seat, and manage both horses:
or, lie may ride and drive, having i
a saddle with a light leather head '
fixed by hinges to the cantle, to be

of the rider, during rain.

Travellers from mercantile houses
in England, always go to Scotland
on horseback, with their saddle-
bags below them. This is not done
to save ex pence, as many of them
can afford to travel in their own car-
riages; but Saunders thinks that the
profits of a house which can afford
any of their people a chaise or a ser-
vant, must be too large. Now this
invention of mine would do away
that idea altogether, as these knights'

PARI? IN AUTUMN*.

4-1*5

of the bag might put their patterns
on their leading horse ; by which
means, they not only would have an
eye over them, but would have the
credit of following their business.

My second proposal is, to save the
tax upon two and four-wheeled car-
riages, by building one with a sin-
gle wheel, vulgarly called a wheel-
barrow, and to be drawn by one
horse. In thisj a good whip would
have a fine opportunity of shewing
his dexterity in driving, as there
would be a considerable difficulty
in preserving the balance. Though,
upon second thoughts, it woidd sel-
dom be top heavy, as none but

light-headed people would ever at-
tempt it.

I would next hint at a method of
travelling comfortably on horseback
in a dark winter night. To do th\s,
I would propose that the rider
should get two lanterns fixed below
his stirrups, which would not only
let him see the ground without daz-
zling h is eyes, but would at the same
time keep his feet warm.

If the above hints are worthy of a.
place in your elegant Miscellany, I
may perhaps trouble you with a few
more.

I am, &c.

PllOJECTOn.

PARIS IN

A Gentleman, who spent the

best part of last October in Paris,

has favoured us with the following

observations.

What the Parisians call la belle
saison extends from April to the
middle of October; and though the
summer heat, in general, annoys
them not a little, they so much en-
joy this part of the year, that dur-
ing the very first days of autumn
they complain of feeling uncom-
fortable. This season, indeed, comes
attended by that dismal drawback
upon all the comforts of large cities,
dampness, as well as by a greater
mortality, and by the dire necessity
of providing fuel; an article which
every year increases in scarcity and
price, far beyond what an inhabit-
ant of the British metropolis can
imagine. The Auvergnats again
make their appearance, and their
cry, Du haul en has, which is heard
through the streets from the dawn
of day, rouses the thoughtless from
their morning-slumbers, and reminds

AUTUMN.

them of an expence for which they
usually are so little prepared.

In fact there is nothing more irk-
some to a Parisian female than the
trouble of catering, and laying in a
store of necessaries for housekeep-
ing. She never takes advantage of
autumn, when these requisites are
cheap and plentiful. Of wine, she
seldom provides above a few dozen
bottles ; and of wood, scarcely ever
more than what will last her for two
or three months : nay, she would
prefer purchasing the latter article
from the retailers, were it not that
they take the moderate profit of from
two to three hundred per cent, on
the prime cost. This disinclination
to the exercising of the most com-
mon precepts of economy, arises,
independently of the general care-
lessness of the Parisians, from the
prodigious number of retailers, and
more especially from a -persuasion,
that necessaries of life, kept in the
house, lose that freshness which
they preserve la the shops of retail-

444

PARIS TN AITTUMK.

ers. This principle, though acted
upon by many of our own house-
\v\(s, is carried to a far higher
pitch in Paris, than in London. A
certain kind of fellow-feeling has,
undoubtedly, its share in this prac-
tice. The Parisian females are fre-
quently beard to say, when they
make such pet'y purchases, "Every
body must live." Certainly people
do live in Paris, perfectly careless
of the morrow. The hackney-
coachman buys no more fodder for
Ids miserable horses, than what is
just sufficient for the day ; the pe-
tite mailresse purchases every day
a farthingsworth of pomatum: and
the silversmith goes out every morn-
ing for a bushel of charcoal.

But it is the public diversions,
ra1hev than anticipated wants, which
create anxiety in the mind of the
Parisian females. They enquire ea-
gerly how many tragedies are get-
ting up in the Theatre Francaise,
and at which places there Avill be
public balls. Though fashion be
the grand concern of the Parisian
women, their dress in autumn gives
them but little concern ; for as the
sun has by this time lost the power
of injuring the complexion, the
spring-dresses are resumed, and the
Parisian belle now appears much
more naked than during the warm
season, bidding defiance to the
chill and damp autumnal air. As
to her winter apparel, it is quite out
of the question to think of using
what she wore last winter, however
fit it. might be, with some little al-
teration, to serve her for the ap-
proaching season ; for she has, so
early as hist April, either given
away or sold every shred of it. And
supposing even she were, like a good
manager, to alter her worn clothes,

so as to make them appear as new,
it would be of little avail ; for a
woman of any fashion at Paris, who
should not appear next winter in an
entirely new set of clothes, would
infallibly expose herself to ridicule,
than which there cannot happen a
greater misfortune to a Parisian
belle, whose self-love is the most in-
corrigible in the world : she would
be publicly called a Madame Denis
or Mam an. This inordinate predi-
lection for novelty in female attire
proves of uncommon benefit to the
ladies' maids and dress-makers in
Paris, who are thoroughly versed in
the art and mystery of communicat-
ing to cast female apparel the sem-
blance of entirely new articles,
which that grand emporium of fe-
male fashions exports, in very
considerable quantities, to all parts
of the Continent.

Paris, during autumn, is not pe-
culiarly attractive. The Tuilleries
and the Champs Elysees are the
only walks now frequented. It is
singular, how early the trees here,
in a latitude of 4S dep;. N. shed
their foliage. This is the effect not
so much of the speedy return of the
inclement season, as of the heats in
July, which enfeeble the healthiest
trees, so that, even in the middle of
August, a green leaf is almost a ra?
rity. The numberless autumnal
/lowers, however, in the broad beds
of the several inelosures of the gar-
den attached to the Tuilleries, make
ample amends to the Parisian for
the loss of those rural charms. Many
of these flowers are fragrant ; and
thus a morning or evening walk in
the garden of the Tuilleries, affords
an enjoyment which few large cities
in Europe can boast of.

There can be very little doubt v

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

445

but thatthegardenersabouf London,
from the extraordinary encourage-
ment they receive, take more pains,
as they probably understand their
business better, than the gardeners
in the environs of Paris. On the
other hand, it cannot be denied,
that the latter are more favoured
by their climate; and consequently
are able, -with very little pains, to
produce the most beautiful fruit
Their peaches, bergamots, golden
pippins, golden rennets, pommes
d' 'Apis , and that species of grapes
termed chasselas de Fontaitiebleau,
vie perhaps with the fine»t in the
world. Covent-garden indeed dis-
plays very extraordinary riches of
Pomona, but it supplies only a small
part of the British metropolis ; and I
he who would form an idea of the i

extent to which this branch of hor-
ticulture has been carried in Mid-
dlesex, must take a view of the great
fruit-shops in London and West-
minster. Whereas a stranger, de-
sirous of ascertaining this point as to
(lie French capital, need only repair
in autumn to the Mail, at which
place all the fruit and grapes that
come to Paris are landed. Prom
October to December, capacious
boats, filled with large baskets of
fruit and grapes, arrive here, and
must have discharged their cargoes
by a stated hour, when the market
is open for every body. Many
thousands of baskets are then seen
in endless rows ; a most beautiful
spectacle, which has perhaps not its
parallel any where.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

(Continued from page 308.^)

In consequence of the interrup-
tion of the intercourse between
France and the West Indies, vari-
ous attempts have been made to sup-
ply the want of sugar. Among these,
the labours of Mr. Proust and Mr.
Parmentier, to obtain a pure sugar
from the grape, have been most
successful. This is the more advan-
tageous, as the same state of war-
fare prevents the exportation of
wine.

Mr. Morveau has contrived an
apparatus for measuring high de-
grees of heat. It is sufficiently de-
licate to indicate an alteration in a
small bar of platina not exceeding
a thirteen thousandth of its whole
length. Mr. Morveau, while he
gives an account of the methods
employed by Newton, Musschen-
broeck, Mortimer, and Wedgwood,

Sup. Vol. II.

docs the latter more justice than he
has hitherto received in France.

Mr. Gay-Lussac has recently de-
veloped a beautiful law of general
chemistry on the proportion of me-
tal'that enters into every metallic
salt, and on that of the oxygen ne-
cessary to its oxydation. He has
shown, that the metal, which preci-
pitates another from an acid solu-
tion, finds in the metal precipitated
all the oxygen which it requires to
oxydate itself, and dissolve in such
quantity, that the solution shall be
neutralized in the same degree.
The quantity of oxygen, therefore,
remains constant, whatever be the
quantity necessary for each metal :
the acid in each salt is proportionate
to the oxygen of the oxyde ; and
so much more metal is required to
saturate the acid, in proportion as
SO

446

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

the metal requires less oxygen for
its oxydation. This law affords a
very simple mean of determining
the composition of all metallic salts;
for it is sufficient to know the pro-
portion of acid in a salt of each ge-
nus, to know them all, and a single
analysis enables us to dispense with
the rest.

Mr. Darcet, jun. has shown, that
both soda and potash, prepared by
means of alcohol, and heated to the
degree at which they begin to eva-
porate, still retain near one-third of
their weight of water.

In animal chemistry, Messrs.
Fourcroy and Vauquelin have pro-
duced two important papers ; one
on animal mucus, the other on uree.

The experiments of Mr. Che-
vreuil, on indigo ; of Mr. Thenard,
concerning the action of vegetable
acids on alcohol ; and of Mr. Lau-
gier, on an animal substance found
in a cavern, are not susceptible of
abridgment.

Of the anatomical subjects that
have come before the class, few are
equally interesting with an essay
on the structure of the brain and
nervous system, presented to it
by Drs. Gall and Spurzheim, of
Vienna. According to these gen-
tlemen, the cineritious substance,
commonly called the cortical, is the
organ from which the nervous fila-
ments issue, and these constitute
the white or medullary substance.
"Wherever the cineritious substance
-exists, these filaments originate ;
and wherever any of these originate,
this substance exists. The spinal
marrow is not a bundle of nerves
descending from the brain ; on the
contrary, the nerves called celebral,
may be traced to the spinal marrow,
or medulla oblongata. Xue brain

and cerebellum themselves are but
developments of the fasciculi, that
proceed from the medulla oblongata
in the same manner as the nerves
proceed from it. The brain, in
particular, derives its origin from
the eminences called corpora pyra-
midalia, which intersect each other
on issuing from the medulla oblon-
gata, each proceeding to the side
opposite that from which it origi-
nates ; and are enlarged for the first
time as they traverse the pons va-
rolii ; a second time as they cross
the tubercles, called thalami ner-
vorum opticorum ; and a third in
those called corpora striata, each
time by medullary filaments, fur-
nished by the cineritious substance.
The cerebellum arises from the fas-
ciculi named processus cerebelli ad
medullam, which are enlarged but
once by filaments from the cineri-
tious substance. The committee
allow the truth of all the anatomical
observations of these gentlemen, ex-
cept the possibility of unfolding the
whole of the brain without ruptur-
ing any part ; at the same time re-
marking, that many of them had
been made by older authors, though
anatomists in general have not paid
sufficient attention to them. Be-
tween these discoveries, however,
and the doctrine taught by Dr. Gall,
of the functions peculiar to different
parts of the brain, there is no direct
connection.

Professor Dumeril presented an
anatomical essay, in which he con-
siders the bones and muscles of the
trunk in man and animals under a
new point of view. According to
him, the head, as far as concerns
its motion, may be considered as a
vertebra greatly expanded. The
surfaces by whigU it is articulated

PROCEEDINGS OF fHE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

447

"With the spine, always resemble the
articulating apophyses of the verte-
bras ; and wherever there appears
any variation in the manner in which
the vertebras are connected together,
there is a corresponding difference
in the articulation of the skull.
Whatever, too, be the difference
between the ribs of animals, the
muscles connected with them are
nearly the same ; and where the
ribs cease, similar muscles are at-
tached to the transverse apophyses
of the vertebra?, and even to the
crista ilii. The inference he draws
from all his observations, is, that
nature does not resort to new modes
till the primitive type, with the
modifications of which it is sus-
ceptible, becomes insufficient.

Mr. Villars, of Strasburg, pre-
sented two essays on the structure
of the nerves. He imagines he has
discovered, that the coats of the
nerves are themselves composed of
nervous filaments ; but the com-
mittee of the class, after taking a
great deal of pains, could not satisfy
themselves of the fact.

Several learned naturalists of Ger-
many having examined the ana-
tomy of vegetables, in consequence
of questions proposed to the Royal
Society at Gottingen, though they
admit the greater part of the facts,
for which we are indebted to the re-
searches of Mirbel, have differed
from him on some points. This has
induced him to publish a defence of
his theory, which he has endea-
voured to exhibit with more preci-
sion, adopting the aphoristical form.

He has likewise written a paper
on the germination of grasses, and
another on the distinguishing cha-
racters of the monocotylcdonous
and dicotyledonous plants. In the

first of these, he shews that the stig-
mata of wheat unite in a small canal,
that reaches to the base of the em-
bryo ; and that the cotyledon, as
Mr. de Jussieu imagined, is a fleshy
substance, in which the radicle and
plumula are imperceptibly deve-
loped, and which opens lengthwise
to let them pass ; so that it per-
forms the office of an ensheathing
leaf.

From the other paper, it appears
that the cotyledons bear a great ana-
logy to the leaves. Like them, they
are irritable in the sensitive plant,
hairy in the borages, have a gland
at the extremity in the plantains,
are spotted in the pimpernels, &c. :
in short, they are true leaves in the
seed. If the cotyledons, when there
are two, always appear opposite in
plants, the leaves of which are al-
ternate, it is because the stalk can-
not develope itself in the seed, and
the interval between the two cotyle-
dons is imperceptible. From these
different relations in respect to form
and nature between the leaves and
cotyledons, Mr. Mirbel infers, that
the cause of the number of cotyle^
dons must be some circumstance re-
lative to the leaves ; and he iraa-f
gines, that the monocotylcdonous
plants are always such as have
leaves that ensheath one another.
This, in fact, is evident with respect
to the gramineous and liliaceous
tribes, particularly when we con-
sider that the bulb is formed by the
ensheathing of the bases of all the
leaves ; as it is in a great many
other plants of this division of the
vegetable kingdom.

Proceeding to the formation of

the wood, Mr. Mirbel shews, that

it is always composed of filaments

interspersed here and there in a ccl*

JO 2'

448

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

lular texture, similar to the pith in
the di< otyledonous plants; but that,
in many of the monocolyledonous,
these filaments are formed at the
circumference as well as at the cen-
ter ; and that the latter have, in
consequence, two vegetations ; one
superficial, that increases the dia-
meter of the trunk ; the other at
the center, increasing its density.
Each of the filaments of the trunk of
the monocotyledonous he considers
as answering to the entire trunk of
a dicotyledon, a series of opera-
tions taking place in each of those
filaments as complete as in these
trunks.

Mr. Mirbel was elected a mem-
ber of the Institute in the place of
the late Mr. Ventenat.

Mr. Dccandolle, a competitor of
Mr. Mirbel for the vacant seat, pro-
duced a work on the plants with
compound flowers, in which he
makes a separate family of those,
the flowerets of which have two un-
equal Sips ; and arranges those term-
ed cinarocephalous, according to
the lateral or terminal insertion of
the seed.

Several other proofs are exhibited,
that botany is pursued in France
with more ardour than ever : as, an
essay on the family of orchinas, by
Mr. du Petit-Thouars, a specimen
of a large work on the natural fa-
milies of plants, which he intends
to publish ; one on narcissuses, by
Mr. des Longchamp ; one on the
ofobaocb.es, by Mr. Jaume-Saint-
Hilaire ; one, of Mr. de Cubieres,
on the lote trees ; and a monogra-
phy of cringums, by Mr. de la
Iloche.

Mr. du Petit-Thouars is about to
publish his theory of vegetation,
1'ounded on the development of the

bud in two directions, noticed in our
former report, p. 247 of the present
volume.

Mr. Ventenat terminated his la-
borious career with an essay on the
genera samyda and casearia, of
which he makes a new family, con-
tiguous to that of rhamnoides. Jt
was intended as a continuation of
the Jar din de Cels, a work inter-
rupted by his death. He lived long
enough, however, to carry to some
length his description of the garden
of Malmaison, which will no doubt
be continued by some other able
hand.

Mr. Richard has published an
analysis of fruits, in which he has
considered this essential part of
plants in a variety of new views^

The history of the animal king-
dom has seen the termination of
Olivicr's grand w ork on coleopte-
rous insects, and been enriched by
a description of all the gelatinous
animals united by Linnaeus under
the name of medusce. Mr. Peron,
who collected a great number in his
voyage to the southern parts of the
globe, uniting his observations with
those of his predecessors, has car-
ried this family to more than a hun-
dred and fii'iy species. Among all
the productions of nature with
which we are acquainted, none per-
haps are equally singular with these.
To use the words of Mr. Peron,
(l their substance appears to be no-
thing but coagulated water, yet they
exercise the most important func-
tions of life. Their multiplication
is prodigious, yet we know nothing
of the mode in which it is effected:
they grow to the diameter of some
feet, and to the weight of fifty or
sixty pounds, yet their alimentary
system escapes our observation :

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

449

they execute the most rapid and i
continued motions, yet the parti- !
culars of their muscular system are i
imperceptible : they have a kind of j

iration which is very active, yet
i true seat is a mystery : they ap-
pear to be extremely feeble, yet
large fish constitute their daily prey,
and dissolve in their stomachs in a
few instants. A great many species
of them shine amid the darkness
of night like so many balls of tire :
some of them sting and benumb the
hand that touches them, yet the
principles and instruments of both
these properties remain yet to be
discovered.

All the medusas, properly so
called, have a gelatinous body,
nearly resembling the cap of a
mushroom, which Mr. Peron, after
Spallanzani, terms the umbrella;
but they differ from one another in
having, or in wanting a mouth ; in
the mouth being single or manifold ;
in the umbrella having, or wanting
a prolongation beneath, resembling
a pedicle ; and in this pedicle, or
the borders of the mouth itself, be-
ing furnished with a greater or
smaller number of filaments or ten-
tacula.

From these chnractcrs Mr. Peron
forms his divisions and sub-divi-
sions, under which every possible
kind may be arranged. Very care-
fully arranged drawings, by Mr.
Lesueur, who accompanied him in
the voyage, display their great va-
riety of forms and colours, many of
which are very pleasing to the eye.

To this examination of their ex-
ternal characters, Mr. Peron has
added very interesting remarks on
their internal structure. He has
■particularly considered ihe genus
rhizostome, which Mr. Cuvicr so

named, because he supposed the
filaments surrounding its ientacula
were so many suckers ; and that
the aliment drawn in by them "w;is
conveyed to a cavity in the center,
whence it was distributed through-
out the body by an infinite number
of vessels very regularly arranged,
and particularly numerous in the
edges of the umbrella. The four
apertures in the sides of the base of
the pedicle, appeared to Mr. Cuvier
to be the organs of respiration.

Mr. Peron, on the contrary, hav-
ing examined many rhizostomes
alive, seen them take in small ani-
mals by these four apertures, and
digest them in the four cavities to
which they lead, thinks, that they
are four mouths, and four stomachs;
and that the great vascular appara-
tus, which fills the pedicle and the
borders of the umbrella, is more
probably devoted to respiration, as
it is almost always found distended
with air.

Mr. Cuvier read a memoir on cer-
tain species of reptiles, the bones of
which are buried in the strata of
our globe. These had all been taken
for crocodiles, and even for a spe-
cies of crocodile common in the
Ganges, and named gavial : but
there are also among them species
of that kind of lizard termed moni-
tor ; and those nearest resembling
the gavial, are distinguished from
it by very decisive characteristics.

The most singular circumstance
attending these fossil bones of rep-
tiles, is, that they belong to strata
much deeper, and consequently
much more ancient, than those in
which the bones of land quadrupeds
are included.

In the vicinity of Maestricht are
the bones of a large animal of this

450

FROCr,EDIN«S OF TnE FIlENCn NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

kind, which some have imagined to
be a fish, others a crocodile. Mr.
Cuvier endeavours to prove, that
this, too, is a monitor lizard, but the
giant of its kind. Its length is up-
wards of twenty-six feet; its tail
much shorter in proportion, but
broader, than that of other species,
formed a powerful oar ; and every
circumstance renders it probable,
that this animal was strong enough,
and a sufficiently good swimmer, to
live amid the waves of the sea. Its
bones are found with those of large
sea-turtle, and among thousands of
sea-shells.

Mr. Jefferson, president of the
United States, has sent the class a
fine collection of fossil bones, dug
up on the banks of the Ohio. Most
of them belong to the large animal
improperly called mammoth by the
Americans, and to which Mr. Cu-
vier has given the name of masto-
donte ; but there are some also of
the true mammoth of the Russians',
or that large animal resembling the
Indian elephant, the remains of
which are so common in Siberia.
Thus these two gigantic beings for-
merly occupied together the whole
northern cap of our globe. The
destruction of these enormous races,
and of so many others, that fell
victims to the same catastrophe,
must remain inexplicable till we arc
intimately acquainted with the stra-
ta in which their remains arc buried,
as well as their order of succession
and their nature.

These, Mr. Cuvier and Mr.
Brongniart have endeavoured tostu-
dy in the environs of Paris. As far
as they could penetrate, they found
the earth composed of several strata,
evidently of different origin. The
lowest part is a vast bed of chalk.

that reaches into England, and con-
tains only unknown shells, several
of which belong to unknown genera.
On this chalk lies a bed of potter's
clay, containing no organized bo-
dies. This, in several places, sup-
ports strata of calcareous stone, the
hardest of which are used for build-
ing; and in these are found shells,
most of which are yet unknown,
though belonging to known genera,
or more nearly allied than the for-
mer to those of our present seas.
Hills of plaster of Paris are scat-
tered, as it were, fortuitously, some-
times on the clay, at others on the
limestone, and include thousands of
bones of land animals entirely un-
known ; of which Mr. Cuvier has
put together the skeletons, and
pointed out the characters. In this
plaster, and the clay interspersed
among it, or immediately covering
it, only fresh-water shells are found ;
but over these, we find again thick
beds of sea-shells. A vast bed of
sand, totally free from organized
bodies, crowns all our heights ; and
what is more remarkable than all
the rest, the superficial stratum, or
that which covers the Avhole, con-
tains only fresh-water shells. It is
only in the bottoms of valleys, or
in cavities in this superficial stra-
tum, that the bones of elephants and
other animals of known genera, but
unknown species, occur.

From these observations, it fol-
lows, that the sea, after having long
covered this country, and there se-
veral times changed its nature and
inhabitants, gave place to the fresh
water, in which the gypsums were
deposited ; but that it returned at
least once to cover the ground it had
abandoned, and destroy the beings
that had dwelt on it. Then the pa*

iPItCCEEDINCS OF THE FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE.

451

IxEothcrium and anoplotkerium pe-
rished. Every thing-, indeed, makes
it probable, that it returned a se-
cond time, and that in this last
catastrophe the elephants disap-
peared.

Mr. Sage presented to the class a
ferruginous petrifaction, in appear-
ance much resembling a bundle of
tobacco leaves still bound round
■with its threads, but which was pro-
bably a piece of bamboo, or some
other jointed plant. He likewise
gave descriptions and analyses of
some stones ; and communicated his
experiments on the cohesion that
lime contracts with various sub-
stances, which may tend to improve
the making of mortar.

Mr. Brocliant, mine-engineer,
communicated some observations
respecting strata much more ancient
than those in the environs of Paris ;
and which Werner calls transition
strata, because they are placed be-
tween the primitive mountains, an-
terior to all organization, and the
secondary strata that are full of re-
mains of animals. Most of these
.are composed of fragments of the
primitive rocks united with brec-
cias, or pudding-stones, by cements
of various natures, and in them ap-
pear here and there remains of ani-
mals or plants. Saussure had alrea-
dy taken notice of these in the Alps ;
but Mr. Brocliant has ascertained
them with greater precision, and
examined them through a wider
extent, principally along that side
of the Alps which looks toward
France.

Mr. Lescallie, of Genoa, has con-
sidered mountains in another point
of view. In a paper on the climate
of Liguria, he shews, that it is more
favourable to the plants of hot cli-

mates than any other country in the
same latitude ; because, being pro-
tected from the north winds by the
Apennines, the winter is milder,
though not so short; while the sum-
mer is less scorching, on account of
the vicinity of the sea on the one
side, and the snow-capped moun-
tains on the other.

Mr. Girod-Chantrans has given
an excellent natural history of the
department of the Doubs.

In an essay on the dropsy, Mr.
Desessarts endeavours to shew, that
it is sometimes owing to a contrac-
tion of the vessels, and requires for
its cure relaxants and mild eva-
cuants.

Mr. Seguin, who formerly dis-
covered, that the febrifuge proper-
ties of Peruvian bark were owing to
the pure gelatine it contained ; and
consequently, as the more direct
way, administered jelly in its stead
with wonderful success ; has now
found, that albumen is almost, if not
quite as good. He has already cured
one and forty patients of intermit-
tent fevers by giving each the whites
of three eggs diluted with a little
warm water, and sweetened with
sugar, before the coming on of the
fit. He informs us, however, that,
if the subsequent fits do not grow
milder, after taking either the whites
of eggs or jelly, it is useless to con-
tinue them.

Mr. Portal presented an essay on
the nature and treatment of heredi-
tary diseases : and likewise a case,
in which the symptoms of pulmo-
nary consumption were complicated
with others, the cause of which
could not be conjectured till after
death ; when, on opening the body,
an abscess was found in the liver,
communicating with that of th*

452

BIOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF ANDREAS IIOFFER.

lungs, by means of an aperture in
the diaphragm.

Mr. Pelletan, in an essay on in-
ternal aneurism, shews, that i(s pro-
gress may be retarded by frequent
bleedings, and the other means usu-
ally employed; and he lias known
three cases, where a radical cure
was thus obtained.

The late Mr. Cels, in conjunction
With Messrs. Tessier and Huzard,
had drawn up a scheme for a code
of rural laws, which is submitted,
by order of his imperial majesty, to
the examination of a committee
chosen for the purpose in each de-
partment of Franco, and is intended
to protect rural property from every
possible kind of depredation.

Mr. Tessier has drawn up, by or-
der of govern mciit, popular instruc-
tions for the cultivation of cotton in
France, which appear already to
have produced some good effects in
the southern provinces.

Mr. Bosc has described twenty-
eight species of the ash, half of
which, though they have been long
cultivated in the gardens arid nur-
sery-grounds round Paris, are un-
known to naturalists, or confounded
by them with others. Many of them,
natives of North America, are large
trees, and their wood is superior in
flexibility and elasticity to the com-
mon ash.

<yja. '.;..' Kawmta

BIOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF ANDREAS HOFFER, THE
BRAVE AND LOYAL COMMANDER OF THE TVROLESE.

Andreas Hoffer is a native of
Sand, the principal town in the val-
ley of Passeyr, and from the place
of his residence has received the ap-
pellation of Sandwirth, which is as
much as to say, the innkeeper of
Sand. He is thirty-eight years of
age, tall and robust, and has from
his youth worn a long beard, accord-
ing to the custom of that part of the
country.

His religious deportment, his
virtuous example, the uncommon
acuteness and depth of his under-
standing for a man who has not en-
joyed the advantages of a liberal
education, together with his mo-
desty and integrity, early procured
him the esteem of all the inhabit-
ants of his valley, about 12,000
in number, among whom he was
appointed to till an office which
nearly answers to that of a magis-
trate or country justice. In this

situation, he acquired, in the high-
est degree, the iove and respect of
his countrymen. Whenever the
danger of hostile incursions threat-
ened his native land, Holler was
always at the head of the brave in-
habitants of his valley as their com-
mander ; and in all the actions that
took place, he signalized himself
equally by his courage and saga-
city. He is, besides, accounted one
of the best riflemen in the Tyrol ;
and in every engagement, whether
he be on foot or on horseback, he is
sure to carry with him his favourite
weapon.

H offer, as a man who loved and
esteemed religion, his country, its
laws, and the privileges obtained
by victory, perceived but too clear-
ly that his already impoverished
country could not possibly exist
under the }roke of France and Ba-
varia, and repaired three times to

&*&&-

A^BREHJS HOWEK
'■i.\i>y.H m Chief of the Tyroj .

BIOGRAPHY OF JOHN GEORGE SCHoNECHER.

453

Vienna, to the Emperor of Austria,
and the Princes Charles and John,
to seek assistance, and to ascertain
whether Austria was not again dis-
posed to go to war with its tyrants ;
in hopes that, on this occasion, the
oppressed Tyrolesc, who were still
warmly attached to the house of
Austria, might be able to shake off
the yoke. Neither were these hopes
entirely disappointed : he returned,
and waited with anxiety for the
commencement of a new Avar. The
long-expected day at length ap-
proached ; and Hoffer, with two of
his most intimate friends and com-
panions in arms, concerted a plan
for attacking the French and Bava-
rian troops, who then occupied the
country. It was agreed, that the
signal for a general attack on the
enemy, amounting in number to
27,000, should be given, by saw-
dust thrown into the Inn, the prin-
cipal river which runs through a
great part of the country of Tyrol.
In all the places along the Inn, where
there were persons to whom the secret
had been confided,the meaning of the
saw-dust was perfectly understood :
they instantly hastened to ring the
alarm-bells, in order to collect the
inhabitants of the districts and val-
lies situated at a greater distance
from the Inn, to form them into
corps, and to attack and cut in
pieces the enemy, wherever he ap-
peared. Complete success crowned
this heroic enterprise.-

In this affair, as well as in several
other victories and engagements,
especially that near Innspruck, when
the enemy sustained a total defeat ;
and also the taking of Trent, of
which the brave imperial colonel,
Count von Leiningen, would not
have been able to make himself

Sup. Vol. II. .

master, without the assistance of
HoiTer and his companions in arms,
the latter acquired the confidence
of his countrymen in such a degree,
that he was not only acknowledged
as commandant of Passeur, as he
was then called and subscribed him-
self, but as the commander in chief
of the whole country.

Hoffer keeps his head-quarters in
the center of Tyrol, and, accord-
ing to circumstances, occasionally
dismisses his comrades to their
homes ; confident that, when he has
occasion for them, they will return
at the slightest notice. He always
hastens with them, wherever the
danger is most pressings to oppose,
and, as usual, to conquer the enemy.
In short, not a single engagement
in which Hoffer has commanded,
has yet terminated to the disadvan-
tage of the Tyrolese ; and he seems
destined by Providence to check
the destructive career of a blood-
thirsty enemy.

Had not Hoffer's achievements
exhibited him to the world as a
character worthy of admiration,
still the gold medal of honour, and
the cross of the Order of Maria
Theresa, conferred on him by his
majesty the Emperor of Austria at
different periods, would sufficiently
attest his merits ; as those honour-
able distinctions are given only to
such as have particularly signalized
themselves, or rendered eminent
services to the state.

BIOGRAPHY OF JOHN" GEORGE
SCHONECHEK, ONE OF THE DE-
PUTIES FROM THE TY ItOLESE TO
THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT.

John George Schonecher, thirty-
eight years of age, is a native of
Innspruck, the capital of the Tyrol,
3 P

454

BIOGRAPHY OF MAJOR MULLER.

where lie also resides, and carries
on a considerable trade in the pro-
ductions of the country with Vienna
and Hungary ; and is also a pro-
prietor of a great number of vessels
on the rivers of these countries.

From his extensive connections in
the vicinity of Innspruck, and along
the whole of the river Inn, Scho-
nechef possesses the confidence of
the people in general. He was en-
gaged in all the actions with the
enemy, and displayed the highest
degree of patriotic zeal and intre-
pidity ; but he particularly distin-
guished himself in the campaign of
tie present year, and was wounded
as commanding oiiiccr on the Inn.
In this capacity he proceeded by
water, with the troops under his
orders, to within five hours march
of Munich, having formed a well-
digested plan for seizing the king
of Bavaria and his family, and car-
rying them off as prisoners to the
Tyrol. This project he would have
infallibly executed, had not the co-
lumns advancing by land and wa-
ter upon Munich, received orders
to return as speedily as possible, on
account of the armistice concluded
between the two armies ; as the
commanders of those columns were
informed that Tyrol was included in
its provisions, and were unwilling to
incur the censure of disobedience to
his majesty the Emperor of Austria.

Schonecher has also commanded
the levy en masse in several ac-
tions, and done considerable mis-
chief-to the enemy.

He has likewise been appointed
deputy from the Tyrol, to trans-
act various concerns abroad ; and,
among other important commissions,
has been charged by his country-
men, in conjunction with Major

Miiiler, to lay before the British go-
vernment the distresses of their coun-
trymen .

BIOGRAPHY OF MAJOR MUELER,
ONE OF THE BEPUTIES SENT BY
THE TYROLESE TO THE BRITISH
GOVERNMENT.

Major Miiiler, thirty-three years
of age, is the son of a lawyer of
Piudcnz, in Vorarlbcrg, whose fa-
mily has been respectable for ages.
Contrary to the wishes of bis fa-
ther, he manifested from infancy
a strong predilection for a mili-
tary life, and entered, when verj
young, into the Austrian service ;
in which he has, since the year
1796, made several campaigns, as
an officer, to the satisfaction of his
superiors, and was twice wounded.

On the cession of Vorarlberg to
Bavaria, he quitted the military pro-
fession, and prepared to pass the re-
mainder of his life in peace and re-
pose, in his native country, and in
the bosom of his family. lie was,
nevertheless, prevailed upon to ac-
cept the rank of captain in the mi-
litia, on the general establishment of
that system in Bavaria. In this ca-
pacity, and as commandant of a
division, lie superintended the train-
ing of his countrymen; and soon
perceived, that they would assidu-
ously devote their attention to the
acquirement of military knowledge,
if their arms were to be employed in
favour of Austria, and not, as was.
the object of Bavaria, against their
former sovereign. As Major Miiiler
now became intimately acquainted
with the sentiments of his fellow-ci-
tizens, and could rely on their inte-
grity and silence, he advised them
to make themselves as perfect as pos-
sible in the rudiments of the mili-

BIOGRAPHY OF MAJOR MULLER.

455

tnry art, as a time might soon arrive,
in which this proficiency might not
only prove advantageous, but con-
tribute greatly to the deliverance of
their country from the G alio- Bava-
rian yoke.

This period fortunately did ar-
rive, on the breaking out of the late
war ; and Major Miillcr, as a zea-
lous adherent to the cause of justice,
•who felt deeply interested in behalf
of religion, his native land, his an-
cient sovereign, and the former hap-
py constitution of the country, per-
ceived that, on the actual commence-
ment of hostilities, he should have
to act an important part, to which
he was called, not only by his birth
and qualifications, but also by the
confidence and love of his oppressed
fellow-citizens, in order to release
his almost ruined country from the
fetters of slavery, which Bavaria had
so strongly ri vetted.

The major was the person who
proceeded to Tyrol, to concert in
what manner this release should be
effected ; and after the proper mea-
sures had been agreed upon, he re-
turned, with astonishing expedition,
to organize the insurrection ; in
which he was admirably seconded
by his fellow-citizens, whom he had
trained to the use of arms. Placing
himself at the head of his courage-
ous and patriotic bands, he not only
repulsed the impetuous attack of
some of the best disciplined troops
of Europe, provided with artillery
and cavalry, of both of which he
was totally destitute, after an obsti-
nate engagement of four hours, near
Ilohenems ; but drove them, on the
same day, with great slaughter, from
their positions, and out of his coun-
try, to the very drawbridges and
gates of Linda u.

His native land being now cleared
of the enemy, Major Midler took
the necessary precautions to secure
the passes and positions, and to re-
store the communication with the
Tyrolese, by way of Weiller Iriien-
stat to Kniitty. As the enemy, who
had totally exhausted the country,
knew that the patriotic insurgents
were in want of every thing, but
particularly ammunition and mo-
ney, he gave them no time to sup-
ply, in any manner, the deficiency
of these essential requisites for car-
rying on war, but furiously attacked
them in all points with a far supe-
rior force. The engagement lasted
from early in the morning till night ;
and in spite of the desperate attacks
of the enemy, supported by artil-
lery and cavalry, the major and his
brave companions came off victo-
rious.

As these gallant defenders of their
country displayed such courage and
intrepidity in these two affairs, and
became accustomed to military ope-
rations, Major Midler resolved, in
conjunction with two of his most in-
timate friends, who had been with
him appointed counsellors of war by
the Emperor of Austria, to make an
incursion into the contiguous pro-
vinces of Suabia. This expedition
was undertaken both by land and
water. By land the brave Vorarl-
bergers made themselves masters of
Kempten, Isny, and Wangen ; and
by water, of the city of Constance,
after an obstinate conflict. The
enemy, however, began to attack
them with a far superior force, and
especially with cavalry, which was
the more dangerous in such an open
country as Suabia. Accordingly
they had no other alternative than to
retire in good order, after disarming
3?2

A56

CHARACTERISTIC SKETCH OF THE TYROLESE.

the three above-mentioned towns,
and taking with them from Con-
stance, six pieces of cannon and
two ammunition waggons, some
Lund reds of prisoners, 360 sacks of
corn, and a quantity of wine,

The want of lead was so great as
to oblige them to have recourse to
that belonging to the Avindows ; and
persons were employed to go from
house to house to collect the old
lead. The Voraribergcrs likewise
conceived the idea of making wood-
en cannon ; but as these would serve
at most for only eight or ten dis-
charges, all the metals in the coun-
try were put in requisition. The
bel!^ were also taken from thesteeples
of the churches and chapels; and
with these they founded cannon and
howitzers, which they bored with
such skill, that they are not interior
to any others.

While Major Miiller and his gal-
lant companions were thus engaged,
they received promises of succours
in ammunif ion, money, cavalry, and
artillery ; but these expectations
were not destined to be realized.
In this manner they waited four
months, till they received intelli-
gence of the unfortunate truce con-
cluded by the Austrian army. To
this news, however, nobody would
give credit ; and for this reason,
Majoi Midler was deputed to the
Austrian head-quarters, to ascer-
tain whether it was correct or not.
Scarcely had he fulfilled this mis-
sion when he was appointed to
another of still greater importance,
and dispatched, in conjunction with
Schonecher, to England, to solicit
the succour of the British nation for
Lis gallant countrymen. We shall
be happy to understand, that this
appeal has not been made in vain.

CHARACTERISTIC SKETCH OF THE
TYROLESE.

The line of separation which di-
vides theTyrol, seems to influence the
character of the inhabitants. Those
on the Italian confines belong more
to Italy, and the constant intercourse
with their southern neighbours has
exercised a powerful influence on
their hearts. Those in the northern
vallics, on the contrary, are the ge-
nuine, unsophisticated children of
Germany ; and to these the follow-
ing observations particularly apply.

If, on the confines, luxuriant na-
ture herself invites to effeminacy
and enjoyment ; on the other hand,
the Tyrolese, northward of Bozzen,
which may be considered as the
boundary of the'two parts, is simple
in his wants, moderate in his wishes
and his pleasures, and perfectly con- .,
tent with the inferior lot that has
been assigned him. These people
are certainly deficient in the culti-
vation of the understanding, but
their sentiments are uncorrupted.
Their religion is not founded on
ideas, but upon feeling ; they can*
not tell, like your modern dogma-
tists, what God is, and what he is
not ; but they carry him in their
hearts, which are fortunately not
chilled by the system of illumina-
tion, as it is called, which is pur-
sued in the rest of Germany. If, on
the Italian confines, oaths are very
readily taken, and even perjury
not unknown ; the German Tyrol-
ese, on the other hand, cannot be
induced without, great difficulty to
take an oath ; and when the sacred
nature of this act is represented to
him, when the idea of eternity is
brought home to his heart, the knees
of the sturdy, robust mountaineer
tremble, and he scarcely dares to

CHARACTERISTIC SKETCH OF THE TYROLESE.

45T

look up, or to move from the spot.
This lively sense of religion of the
German Tyrolese, their unaffected
piety, their extraordinary patience
under misfortunes, and the good will
manifested even in their superstitious
actions, extort respect from the
heart, though, at the same time, the
head feels disposed to ridicule the
errors of their understanding.

Next to this quality, the uncom-
mon attachment and inviolable fide-
lity shown to the sovereign who has
been fortunate enough to win their
love, are deserving of admiration :
facts have more than once placed
these beyond all doubt. When, in
1703, during the war of the Spanish
succession, the French and Bavari-
ans entered Tyrol, at that time to-
tally destitute of Austrian troops,
the country people rolled down mas-
ses of rock upon the heads of the
enemy on the Scharniz, broke down
the bridges at Zams and in the rest
of the Upper Innthal, formed abat-
iis at the pass of Lueg, and prevent-
ed a junction between Maximilian,
Duke of Bavaria, and the French
general, Vendome, who was advanc-
ing from Italy. Notwithstanding
the many cross-roads and private
ways in their mountainous region,
all of which could not possibly be
guarded, and by which the allied
armies might have transmitted to
each other the necessary communi-
cations respecting their positions
and operations, there was not among
so many hundred thousand German
and Italian Tyrolese, a single indi-
vidual wiio could be purchased.

The same patriotic sentiments
were displayed by the inhabitants
of the Vorarlberg in 1744, when the
French had united with Prussia, on
occasion of the second Bohemian

war. The Prince of Clermont ad-
vanced by land with 9000 men and
20 pieces of cannon, as far as the her-
mitage of Bregenz ; while the Count
de Chastelet, with 40 vessels, landed
at the wood of Meererau, near Bre-
genz. But the peasants in the ad-
jacent country, who are accustom-
ed to hear the pealing thunder ten
times repeated in their foggy vallies,
were not to be deterred by the num-
bers of the enemy, or their formi-
dable train of artillery, and kindled
fires, which they kept up night and
day on the highest mountains. This
was the signal for a general rising of
the people. Notwithstanding the
season of the year — it was then the
month of November — all who still
possessed any vigour flew to arms.
The cattle were driven for security
by the women to the more elevated
Alps. As the inhabitants had no
cannon, they bored the massive
trunks of trees, which they hooped
with iron to prevent their bursting,
placed them upon the Pfannenberg,
and kept up as brisk a fire as they
could on the enemy beneath. High-
ly as the prince was exasperated
by this attachment of the mountain-
eers to the house of Austria, he
deemed it most prudent to retire
and to leave things as they were.
Before he quitted the country, how-
ever, he resolved to shew the Tyrol-
ese, how dissatisfied he was with
their conduct, and attacked them in
the Besenricss, as it is called, with
the utmost impetuosity. This en-
raged the peasants, especially those
of the district of Salzburg, the In-
ner Wood and Dornbirn, to such a
degree, that they assembled with
muskets, scythes, axes, pitch-forks,
shovels, clubs, and other weapons
of that description, and dispatched

43s

CHARACTERISTIC SKETCH OF THE TYROLESE.

without mercy every Frenchman
•who fell into their hands. The re-
membrance of this bloody day is yet
fresh in the minds of the present ge-
neration, and has produced a kind
of national antipathy, which ren-
ders them blind to the greatest dan-
gers.

With these qualities, the Tyrol-
ese combines a high sense of honour,
which causes him to set a great va-
lue on his person. This feeling is
chiefly generated by the conscious-
ness of his energies, by the security
conferred on him by nature herself,
and by his prosperity ; for it is not
to be denied, that the lot of the Ty-
rolcse, in spite of torrents, lavines,
and tempests, was, in various re-
spects, preferable to that of many
other far more fertile German pro-
vinces, under the ancient constitu-
tion of the empire. Leading a pa-
triarchal life on his sunny hill, or
sheltered valley, the Tyrolese was a
stranger to vassalage: iiis was the
wood that warmed his hut — his was
the stony soil that yielded him maize
for his milk-pottage — his was the
flax which his wife spun into thread,
and his was the wool of the sheep of
which he wove his jacket. The go-
vernment favoured, almost to the
detriment of the home consumer, the
exportation of his cattle and the
productions of his mountains. He
was not refused a pass when, in the
hope of acquiring property, he re-
solved for any length of time to quit
his country. Even when he had
only the name of a copyholder, he
disposed of his land as if he had
been its sole proprietor. He built
upon it what he pleased, and the
lords of the soil very rarely availed
themselves of the right to sec whe-
ther he improved it. In this coun-

try, also, the peasantry possessed the
important privilege of forming one
of the states. They had a vote on all
subjects relative to imposts, as well
as the superior states; and the share
of the taxes which the noble had to
pay, was not smaller than that of
the peasant, as was the case in other
parts of the empire, but both contri-
buted an equal proportion. Willi
such a degree of civil liberty, can it
be denied that the Tyrolese ought
to be called a happy people ? W ho
can be surprised that they should be
sensible of their importance, and
have invariably exerted their ut-
most efforts to preserve it ?

This feeling inspires them with a
noble pride, which renders them the
enemies of all constraint. The Aus-
trian government was well acquaint-
ed with this disposition, and there-
fore always treated the Tyrolese
with a mildness and indulgence
which gained it all their hearts ;
and if some individual princes were
exceptions to this ride, they soon
found occasion to repent their con-
duct. By kindness every thing
might be obtained of the Tyrolese,
but harsh measures they strenuous-
ly opposed.

The industry which peculiarly
characterizes these people, is worthy
of the highest admiration. In the
vicinity of Bozzcn, where the coun-
try is most level, there is not a foot
of ground uncultivated ; and fields,
covered with abundant harvests, ex-
tend farther than the eye can reach.
The same observation applies to the
Italian contines. But no where does
greater activity prevail than in the
north of Tyrol. The native of the
vallies of Oez, Piz, and Stanz,
scrambles, with his feet armed with
iron claws, along the edges of tin*

CHARACTERISTIC SKETCH OF THE TYROLESE.

459

most tremendous precipices to the
summits of the mountains, on which
his keen eye has descried a small
patch of verdure. After he has
thrown down the few pounds of
wild hay cut from this elevation,
he is obliged to plant poles in the
ground, and, at the peril of his life,
to let himself with cords down al-
most perpendicular abysses. With
equal labour he procures winter
fodder for his cattle ; and no less
toil attends the cultivation of the
soil. Many fields are situated on
the mountains, where the peasant,
with his wife and children, is often
seen, for weeks together, employed
in reducing stones to powder. He
is not deterred by fatigue from car-
rying earth to the mountains from
great distances, to gaiu a few yards
of ground. On account of the de-
clivity of the mountains, a great
part of the fields situated on them
cannot be ploughed, so that the
husbandman is obliged to have re-
course to the mattock and the spade.
The very manure he is, in many
instances, obliged to carry in bask-
ets on his shoulders, because the
situations are inaccessible to beasts
of burden.

One of the most remarkable traits
in the character of these people,
is their propensity to emigration;
which, however, is so far from be-
ing in opposition to their love of
their country, that it must rather be
considered as a new and very im-
portant evidence of the latter. The
Tyrolese, like all other mountain-
eers, feels the most ardent attach-
ment to his native land, for reasons
which lie not, as many conjecture,
in the physical constitution of tlie
country, but in the mind of man
itself; and when abroad, he is

drawn back to it, like the Swiss, by
a certain nameless attraction. But
this country is over-peopled : atract
of no more than 427 German square
miles, is inhabited by nearly one
million of persons. Though such
a population would not, in a level
country, bethought extraordinary;
in this region, covered with rugged
mountains, it is far too numerous
to be supported with ease. For this
reason, a great number of Tyrolese
annually leave their homes and all
that is dear to them, with a view
to acquire some property abroad ;
and then to return, and enjoy in
peace the fruits of their industry.

Among the -German Tyrolese,
great sipjplicity of manners still
prevails : even the gentleman of
this country has, indeed, some-
thing rude and unpolished in his
exterior, which is made a subject of
reproach in towns where circum-
stances have diffused superior re-
finement. If, however, he is defi-
cient in the latter quality, this want
is abundantly compensated by his
cordiality, his candour, which none
but the depraved can find fault
with ; his integrity' and honour.
Parents and children are united by
tiie closest bonds of an affection
which cannot fail to make the most
agreeable impression on the heart
of the observer ; and in most of
the villages — nay, even in towns,
as, for instance, Bregenz, the former
are addressed by the latter with the
familiar thou. Strangers every-
where meet with a kind reception :
and the women, in particular, en-
deavour to make their residence in
the country as agreeable as possi-
ble. The civility of the Tyrolese
innkeepers is universally acknow*
ledged.

160

CHARACTERISTIC SKETCH OF THE TVROLESE,

It is not uncommon for the
mountaineers, in order to lessen the
difficulty of ascending, to leave
their bundles behind with a peasant
at the foot of amountain, and on their
Return they never fail to find them
safe. A great number of contracts, for
■which, in other countries, legal for-
malities arc required, are here con-
cluded in the open air, perhaps in the
shade of some spreading tree, with a
squeeze of the hand, and the words,
'* So be it !" — So lately as the reign
of Joseph II. if a person at Inn-
spruck had lost a key, he had no
occasion to be uneasy about its re-
covery ; he needed only to go to
the door of the Franciscan church,
where it was sure to be hung up, if
any person had found it. As ho-
nestly as the finder brought the key
to this place, so honestly was it left
hanging there by every passenger.
The following circumstance is a
more striking illustration of the
conscientious integrity of the people
of this country, than any thing that
could be adduced on the subject.

Two of the most opulent peasants
in the hither forest of Bregenz, had
a dispute, which, as they could not
settle in any other way, two civil
officers of that district were ap-
pointed to adjust. The peasants
were summoned before them. One
related, in a very circumstantial
manner, that he had some time be-
fore purchased of the other a quan-
tity of lard and butter ; but that on
disposing of it again, he had found
it considerably heavier than he sup-
posed, and had consequently paid
his adversary thirty dollars less than
he ought to have done; he there-
fore demanded that the latter should
be obliged to receive these thirty
dollars of him as a just debt; other-

wise, to remove the responsibility
from himself, he should be obliged
to cite and sue him at the day of
judgment. His opponent, on the
other hand, declared, that the goods
were correctly weighed, and paid
for in ready jnoney by the pur-
chaser; that, therefore, as an honest
man,, he could not take another far-
thing, and earnestly besought the
judges to impose everlasting si*
lence on the plaintiff. As both per-
sisted in their determination, the
judges proposed to them to distri-
bute the thirty dollars amongst the
poor of the parish ; and, with the
consent of both parties, this expe-
dient for terminating the affair was
adopted.

In some of the districts of the
Tyrol, it is accounted a disgrace to
continue unmarried. Accordingly,
bachelors, who always threaten the
greatest dangers to the morals of a
state, are extremely rare. In the
vale of Lech, the parents are so
thoroughly satisfied beforehand re-
specting their children's preference
of matrimony, that, as early as their
14th year, they have their wedding
clothes made ; and there is not an
instance of their having ever been
deceived on this point. Though the
men in the vales of Sianz, Lcch^
Kloster, and Montafun, are often
absent from home for several years,
thoy never have reason to complain
of the infidelity of their wives ; so
that, to these uncorrupted people,
the day of their return is a second
wedding-day.

Notwithstanding their innocence
and simplicity, a custom prevails
among these mountaineers which is
common in Switzerland, which is
also found in certain parts of Eng-
land, as well as the United States of

CHARACTERISTIC SKETCH OF THE TYROLESE.

461

America, where it is termed bun-
dling, and consists in the young lo-
ver paying nocturnal visits to the girl
of his heart. These visits, how-
over, are greatly impeded in the
Tyrol ; partly by the parents of the
girl, and partly by the young men
of the village. No sooner do the
latter observe the nightly rambles of
their companion, than they fasten a
jacket and a pair of breeches, of the
same colour as those "worn by the
lover, to a couple of sticks tied
together crosswise ; and at mid-
night, when hehasquittedhis sweet-
heart, they set up this figure on the
roof beneath which the latter re-
sides. Next morning it is perceiv-
ed by the inhabitants of the village,
who begin to guess, and soon disco-
ver the' person denoted by it, and
the news of the day amuses the peo-
ple for a considerable time. Greater
dangers menace the lover if his
sweetheart resides in another village.
In the forest of Bregenz, the young
men of that district lie in wait for
him ; and when they can catch him,
duck him head-foremost in the vil-
lage-wells, which, to be sure, are
not very deep ; hang a cow-bell
about his neck ; and in this manner
conduct him home. In some dis-
tricts of the circle of the Upper Inn-
thai, he is mercilessly pelted with
the fir-branches which are piled up
before the cottages for fuel. To
such adventures, however, the ena-
moured swain must expose himself,
if he would secure the favour of his
mistress. The inevitable conse-
quence of this custom, which ori-
ginated in remote antiquity, is, that
many a girl becomes prematurely a
mother; but she may always rely
upon it that her seducer will, in the
Sup. Vol. IL 3 Q

space of a year at farthest, become
her husband and protector.

The Tyrolese possess an extraor-
dinary genius for the arts. Their
talents for mechanics are also re-
markable ; and, in fact, there is
scarcely a cottage, in which you
would not find an expert mechanic.
The native of the Tyrol, availing
himself of the numerous mountain-
streams, constructs machinery to
rock his children's cradle, to churn
his butter, and sometimes to thresh
his corn. The family of Him is so
eminent for skill in hydraulics, and
in the construction of roads, in
which services it has also been em-
ployed by the Austrian govern-
ment, that the timber is floated
down by artificial canals from the
recesses of the mountains to the
salt-pits of Hall, is commonly de-
nominated Hint's wood. The cele-
brated Peter Anich was, in early
youth, a cowherd, and was employ-
ed till his 28th year in agricultural
occupations. Four years afterwards
he made a celestial globe, three feet
in diameter, with all the 76 constel-
lations that were then known; and
a time-keeper, which was looked
upon as a masterpiece of art. He
afterwards made drawings of the
theatre of war between Austria and
Prussia, from 1756 to 176J ; and
produced a map of Tyrol, winch
can scarcely be paralleled for accu-
racy. As he died before he had
completed this work, it was finished
by another peasant, named Blasius
Hu-ber, The whole map is compos-
ed of 12 sheets ; to which two others,
representing the lordships of the Vor-
arlberg, have been added by Hu-
ber. In like manner, it was a Ty-
rolese peasant, named Johannes
Natterer3 who, with 30 of his coun-

462

CHARACTERISTIC SKETCH OF THE TYROLESE.

trymen, constructed the first works
of the fortress of Pless, or Joseph -
stadt, in Bohemia, during the reign
of Joseph II.

The genius of the Tyrolese for the
imitative arts, is likewise deserving
of the highest admiration. Most of
the directors of the Imperial Aca-
demy of Arts, founded at Vienna by
Leopold I. were Tyrolese. Several
of the professors, who at present be-
long to that institution, and whose
names are celebrated even in foreign
countries; for instance, Berger,
Kininger, &c. are also natives of Ty-
rol. Knoller, whose fresco-paint-
ings adorn the abbies of Neresheim,
Benedikt-bayern, and Etthal, in
Suabia and Bavaria ; Posch, one of
the most eminent modellers in wax;
Vinatzer, the imperial die-sinker, to
whom the Austrian coins are indebted
for their beautiful impressions since
the reign of Joseph II ; Fontana,
the inspector of the cabinet of arts at
Florence, under whose direction th,e
inimitable preparations in wax for
the military-cliirurgical academy at
Vienna were executed, deserve also
the most honourable distinction.
What Englishman, what German,
what Italian is such a stranger to
the modern history of the arts, as to
be unacquainted with the produc-
tions of the celebrated Angelica
Kauffman, who died not long since
at Rome ? She also was a native of
Tyrol, having been born at Schwarz-
enberg, in the Inner Forest. Who
can behold without admiration, the
works of Francis Zauncr, professor
of the fine arts in the Imperial Aca-
demy of Vienna, immortalized by
his monument of the Emperor Leo-
pold and the statue of Joseph 11.
erected some years since by the Em-
peror Francis, in honour of his illus-

trious uncle ? Him also Tyrol calls
her son, for he was born in the Up-
per Innthal. The German Tyrolese
hove not, on the other hand, dis-
tinguished themselves either in
poetry or music, though the latter
is assiduously cultivated by the in-
habitants of the Italian Tyrol.

The Tyrolese are, upon the whole,
a large and handsome race ; though
it must be observed, that, in some
particular vallics, as, for instance,
in that of Paznau, they scarcely at-
tain the height of five feet ; a cir-
cumstance which is ascribed to their
food, and their being accustomed to
work for many years together in un-
wholesome mines, in orderto acquire
some property. The Tyrolese youth
appears adorned with all the charms
of manly beauty ; his cheeks glow
with health, and his chesnut hair
plays in ringlets around his brows.
At a more advanced period of life,
the large eyes of these people ap-
pear sunk, their thick eyebrows fre-
quently unite, and their habit of
carrying heavy loads up the high
mountains, causes them to stoop
very much with the head and should-
ers. In some of the vallies the men
are extremely meager; and the cus-
tom of smoking tobacco, common
among both sexes, probably contri-
butes not a little to this spare habit.
Large wens arc very frequent here
as well as among the mountaineers
of Switzerland, Carinthia, Styria,
and other countries. Unfortunately,
cretins, who abound in those re-
gions, and whom nature seems to
have created in derision of human
pride, are not rare in Tyrol.

The bodily vigour and agility
of the Tyrolese, are astonishing.
— Men of extraordinary strength,
formerly went about the country.

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

463

challenging others to wrestle with
them, and displaying uncommon
power and activity ; but govern-
ment having thought proper to pro-
hibit these matches, their number
lias greatly diminished.

The dress of the young Tyrolese,
consists of an ash-grey or violet-co-
loured jacket ; black breeches of
goat, doe, or shamoy skin ; white
stockings, with green clocks; and
a shepherd's hat, decorated with a
broadband, heavy gold lace, fresh
mountain herbs, and wild flowers.

The chief amusement of the Ty-
rolese, both of the German and Ita-
lian part, is the chace, to which
they are, in a manner, born in the

thick forests of their mountains.
The very boys know not a more
pleasing pastime than to go abroad
with a gun on their shoulders ; and
not a wedding is celebrated but what
several pounds of powder are dis-
charged on the occasion. Every lit-
tle village has its peculiar place ap-
propriated to the exercise of shoot-
ing at a mark. A light is often sus-
pended near the latter, and the di-
version kept up till late at night.
Hence, they have acquired such
dexterity in shooting, that better
riflemen cannot exist ; and in this
capacity they have always perform-
ed the most important services in
the Austrian armies.

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

(Continued from page old.)

My fidus Jckates, by degrees,
now began to be a most troublesome
companion (Angl. boar). As the
quicksilver rises in the tube in pro-
portion as the atmospheric fluid is
extracted from the receiver of an
air-pump, so did his ill-humour in-
crease in the same degree as his
patience was gradually exhausting
by the variety of objects on which
he set no value, however interesting
they appeared to me. This disor-
ganization of temper was not only
most legibly pourtrayed upon his
countenance (which, with a Nea-
politan, is an unerring index of the
state of his mind), but presently
burst forth in the surly question
addressed to our guide : Ce ne sono

alt re cog ie da zeder* ? To

which the phlegmatic invalid sim-
ply and drily replied, Speita 'n

* Is there any other nonsense to be
viewed i

po*, leading the way out of this ex-
cavation up the hill, over some rich
corn-fields and vineyards. Rejoic-
ed at the idea of feasting my c'assic
eyes on new objects of admiration,
I hastened after him with renovated
strength and spirits ; but Don Mi-
chele, who, in addition to other
grievances, now also pleaded the
cravings of his unclassic stomach,
brought up the rear with as good a
grace as I have seen a poor deserter
descend the gloomy steps of the
Savoy. To set his latter plea aside,
and to invigorate him for new exer-
tions, it was of no avail to promise
him as good a dinner as the best inn.
at Resina could afford ; he coldly
replied, Sara una cena, se pur
troviamo da mangiaref.

Amidst such edifying discourse

* Wait a bit.

f It will be a supper, if we find any
thing to eat at all.
3Q2

464

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

we arrived at another portion of
Pompeji (laid open like the former),
into which we immediately descend-
ed. It Mas likewise part of a street,
and, as the guide informed me,
perfectly in line with the one we
had already seen ; a circumstance
which, coupled with that of its
equality in width and appearance,
strongly induces a belief that this
excavated fragment is only a conti-
nuation, or, rather, the other end
of the former. If so, Pompeji must
have been a very considerable town,
and its main street nearly a mile in
lens-th. Among: the houses on both
sides, there were shops and private
dwellings as before ; and some of
the latter, which we entered, were
distinguished, like those we had
previously viewed, by the remains
of former internal elegance, such as
tesselated pavements, painted walls,
and most of them had likewise
an interior court, with apartments
around, but again all wonderfully
diminutive.

At the end of this street was the
town gate, consisting of three arch-
es : the middle and larger one (over
the street) for carts and horses ; and
the, smaller ones on each side (over
the foot-pavement) for pedestrians,
exactly similar to our Temple-bar ;
only that the architecture of this
gate was rude, and destitute of any
ornament whatever, and the foot-
way about a foot and half raised
from the level of the street ; a cir-
cumstance which strongly bespeaks
the sobriety of the inhabitants.

To the left of the gate (going out
of the town) I perceived a court-
yard of a singular appearance ; aud
no sooner had the guide, on my en-
quiry, stated it to be a churchyard,
or, rather, burying-ground, than

Don Michele, with a deep-fetched
sigh, exclaimed, Grade a Dio !
siamo finalmente altermine di ques~
ta crociala (Tanticaglie* ; thinking
probably that all ended with death.
But here again he found himself
disappointed, as you shall presently
hear. This was really a most cu-
rious place ; and, if minutely inves-
tigated, might yield matter enough
for a distinct treatise. Don Grum-
ble tried even here to give vent to
his spleen. " A burying-place,
forsooth!" he called out; " why,
'tis not large enough to bury the
Pompejan cats, much less its Christ-
ians— Pagans, I was going to say.
Besides, did not the Romans unie
formly burn their dead?" — Cer-
tainly, from its limited extent, this
could never have been the general
burying-place for all Pompeji, or
even for the twentieth part of its.
probable population. In my hum-
ble opinion, therefore, this spot
might rather have been destined as
a place of interment for some par-
ticular family ; or, what I am still
more inclined to believe, for such
of the citizens as by their actions
or conduct were judged worthy of
a public funeral and monument ;
for the ancients did not carry their
religious zeal so far as to make the
temples of their gods a receptacle
for putrefaction ; nor had they au
idea, that the inhalation of the
pestilential effluvia by its frequent-
ers, and the consequent injury ta
their bodily health, could be com-
pensated by the spiritual edification?
dispensed to them at the same time. -
They, in their simplicity, buried
their dead along the highway, as

* Thank God ! we |ire come at last to
to the end of our antiquarian crusade. .

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

we do the worst of our criminals.
I say buried ; for the custom among
the Romans of burning the dead,
was, I suspect, confined to the opu-
lent : and as to the Greeks, who
constituted the greater part of the
population of Pompeji, I know of
no instance of their burning their
dead. — But let us stop here ; for I
perceive you are in a fair way of
Laving a dissertation of mine on the
funeral ceremonies of the Romans,
which, if you have any wish at all
to descend into m:nute particulars,
you had much better acquaint your-
self with, from the writings of Lip-
sius or Montfaucon. As to this ce-
metery, you no doubt, and very
justly too, expect a detailed account
of its monuments and inscriptions,
which, to. my shame and misfortune,
I am not able to give you, harassed
as I was by the clamours of my
companion, and overpowered as I
felt by the heat, muff eta*, and want
of food of any kind for many hours.
Under such circumstances, I hope
I shall stand excused, if I brieiiy
state, that, among the monuments,
one attracted my particular notice,
being composed of a truncated co-
lumn raised on an elevated pedestal,
both of common stone. Of the same
material was the wall which sur-
rounded this yard. Along its inner
surface ran a Latin inscription, in
letters of at least a foot in length ;
and below this inscription, as well
as parallel with it, extended a stone
seat from one end of the semicircle
to the other, probably for the ac-
commodation of the congregation to
hear the funeral sermon.

On this form had friend Michele

* A name given to the noxious vapours
which, more or less, are felt on this side
of Mount Vesuvius.

seated himself, when the invalid, in
his Neapolitan patois, said, Mmo*
audi am' aV casin di Ceceron*. This
summons was a very thunderbolt to
my exhausted friend, who solemnly-
declared that he would not stir ano-
ther step, unless it were for an im-
mediate return. All the arts of rhe-
toric, all the most pressing entreaties
were in vain ; he would wait on this
funeral bench till we came back.
Nor did he relent from this deter-
mination, till the guide had told
him that our return would not be
through this place, that there was
a shorter cut, and that this said
villa would take us very little out
of our road. This information of
the veteran's met with more success
than all my persuasive arguments.
Don Michele rose, grumbling best
part of the way, and muttering
pazziei) and other such like court-
eous epithets in his beard.

The villa was not near so far as
we had imagined, for less than ten
minutes' walk brought us to the
spot. As Cicero is known to have
had a villa in this neighbourhood,
it is not impossible this may have
been his country-seat : at all events,
a villa it certainly was. Before a
small, but neat house, a garden was
laid out, in the middle of which a
pond was sunk. Tiie empty recep-
tacle of water was in good preser-
vation ; the stone borders of the
compartments of the garden were
likewise plainly discernible. The
statues, however, with which, ac-
cording to the guide's information^
the whole were found decorated at
the first discovery, had of course
been removed to the king's mu-

* Now let us go to Cicero's villa.
t Mad nonsense !

466

EtGHTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

seum ; but (lie remains of a covered
walk around the garden were still to
be seen. We deferred the nearer
investigation of all these matters of
curiosity until we should have
viewed the wine-cellar, which we
were told was particularly worthy of
notice, and which, for a wonder,
my friend seemed anxious to exa-
mine. However, if his anxiety pro-
ceeded from an expectation of tast-
ing some fine samples of choice
wines, he must have felt considera-
ble disappointment at the sight of a
number of empty earthen jars, once
perhaps the receptacles of exqui-
site Tuscan, Falerntan, or Chi an, of
which time, the destroyer of all
things, has not left a " wreck be-
hind." Nay, here I am saying too
much — a wreck certainly there was ;
for, at the bottom of some of the jars,
a residuary crust was left, resembling
the coke of a burnt resinous sub-
stance. This was evidently the ca-
put mortuitm of the former grape
juice; and our chemical friend, A.
no doubt would have given the world
for a specimen of this carbonate
of wine, which he would not have
failed to subject to a most rigorous
chemical analysis, in order to be able
to tell how many grains and thou-
sandth parts, of tartrate, nitrate,
sulphate, muriate, phosphate, bo-
rate, carbonate, jlaate, gelatine,
saccharine, af amine, and God knows
what other ates oxines, it contained
to a hair. Like St. Crispin, there-
e, who stole the leather in order
to be able to present the barefooted
poor with shoes to their feet, I tried
to crib a little morsel of the vinous
crust for the laboratory of our curi-
ous friend ; but you may tell him,
all my Spartau efforts were abso-
lutely fruitless 3 the eyes of our Ar-

gus were fixed on the jars, as if ther
held as many ingots — bank-notes I
was going to say — as the vaults in
Threadneedle-streetare supposed to
contain. Yet, the intended theft
might probably have been consum-
mated ; but, on a sudden, a hollow
rolling, resembling that of thunder,
reverberated through the curved
ceiling of this dismal vault. The
awful sound seemed to operate on all
our nerves: for my part, I own, the
unfortunate catastrophe of the poor
Pompejans at once presented itself
in the most horrid colours before my
mind's eye. I expected an instan-
taneous eruption of the neighbour-
ing volcano, Pompeji overwhelmed
a second time, and me with it, to be
excavated, perhaps, some thousand
years hence ; by an excusable ana-
chronism, to be taken for a Roman
skeleton, and hung up, and handled
by every curious miss, in the mu-
seum of one of our descendants.

While concatenating this gloomy
train of ideas (which was but the
work of a moment), Don Michele
had already saved himself by a pre-
cipitate flight. We followed him,
to gain the light of day. As soon as
we had cleared the dismal vault and
joined him, to our inexpressible joy,
we ascertained the cause of our ter-
ror. It was real thunder we had
heard, not the rumbling of the
mountain. A darkened portion of
the horizon portended an approach-
ing storm ; no one had any farther
thoughts of examining the apart-
ments of the villa, its fishpond, par-
terres, and covered walks. Sauve
qui peat was the word; and in less
than a quarter of an hour, our guide
brought us through the ancient bar-
rack-yard and the lattice gate, to his
lodge, where we found our caless

EIGHTH LETTER FROM ITALY.

467

ready to receive us, and (accounts
settled) drove, amidst flashes of
lightning and peals of thunder, ven-
tre a terre, towards Resina.

The thermometer of my friend's
spirits, which had sunk to 0, began
now to shew a disposition for ris-
ing; he grew insensibly a little more
affable, and my hopes of seeing him
presently restored to good humour
■were very sanguine. But the ele-
ments were leagued against us! Hi-
therto the electric conflict above our
heads had been confined to a vari-
ety of dry experiments of sparks
and intonations, but now a fewscan-"
<y, but broad drops, by their heavy
fall, effected a visible change in the
pattern of my neighbour's orange-
purple silk frock. The shower in-
creased, and Don Michele, who
seemed perfectly aware of the dan-
ger to which his holiday suit was
exposed, begged me to stop the
horse. — In an instant his cocked
beaver was whipt, Avith the utmost
tang froid, into the seat, and re-
placed by a fascia , skilfully formed
with his handkerchief, which une-
quivocally betrayed his attachment
to the narcotic comfort of Virginia
dust ; with the same celerity his up-
per garment was turned inside out,
and a pleasing contrast formed be-
tween the milky hue of the sleeves
and the purple bombazeen lining
subtending the rest of the habit. He
was now, with my active assistance,
a Fabri des injures du temps, pre-
pared for the worst :

Iuipaviduin nunc ferient imbres,
Horace.
(Mutat. rautand.)

Thus transfigured, he sat down, and
be^ed me, per F amor di Dio, to
drive on quickly. But allthespeed
in the horse's heels would not have

saved us from a thorough drench-
ing, had we not soon found a house
to s^et under shelter.

This was a manufactory of mac-
caroni, and master find man hap-
pened fortunately to be busily em-
ployed in preparing that delicious,
farinaceous food. I observed the
whole process attentively ; and as
you are probably unacquainted with
the method of making it, shall give
you a short account of my observa-
tions.— The dough had already been
mixed ; but the manufacturer in-
formed me, that it consisted of no-
thing but the very finest flour and a
small quantity of water ; no eggs
whatever, as he repeatedly assured
me. The mode of kneading, which
I was a witness to, appeared to me
singular. A thick boom, of about
eight feet in length, was so fastened
by one end, as to turn round ho-
rizontally, and also to be raised
and depressed vertically ; under
this boom the mass of dough was
placed, as large in bulk as the
largest of our Cheshire cheeses ;
the two men then leaned wiih all
their weight on the other end of the
boom, which they pressed down and
suffered to rise alternately ; and,
while doing this, they carried the
boom almost through a whole semi-
circle forwards, and then again
backwards, round its center. By
this operation of so powerful a le-
ver, the dough, although extreme-
ly stiff and stubborn, became well
worked and fit for the next pr
cess, that of giving it the form un
der which it is sold.

This was done by a large press,
like one of our cyder-presses, with
a cavity of about a foot in the solid,
into which a portion of the dough
was placed. At the bottom of this

46S

EIGHTH LETTER FllOM ITALY.

Cavity a metal plate was fixed with
small round holes, of the diameter
of the tube of an earthen tobacco-
pipe. Another lever being inserted
into the screw of the press, the
dough was forced through the little
apertures in the plate, and came out
in a number of long filaments.
These, when they had got to the
length of about two feet, were quick-
ly cut oft' by one of the men, and
suspended in the air to dry. This
operation was successively repeated
until the quantum of dough in the
press was nearly exhausted ; when
a fresh supply was added, and the
process begun anew. — In this expe-
ditious manner an incredible quan-
tity of maccaroni was manufactured
during the short time of about twen-
ty minutes that we staid in the
place ; enough certainly to afford
a meal for upwards of three hun-
dred people.

I have been thus particular in
my description, because I think
maccaroni a very desirable article
of common food, both on account
of its cheapness and its wholesome
nature ; and therefore could wish
it to be generally introduced in Eng-
land. A small quantity of fat meat
is sufficient to make a broth or gravy,
with which the maccaroni may be
dressed ; but without any meat,
simply boiled in water, drained,
and some hot butter poured over it,
it forms a relishing dish. The
common people in Italy prepare it
in this simple way. As it keeps
good for any length of time, it is
well calculated for long sea voy-
ages ; and, I should think, would
answer well in our navy. I have
seen some of our sailors eat macca-
roni as heartily as any Neapolitan,
and make no doubt they would be

glad to have it once a week at least.
Having thus let you into the mys-
tery of maccaroni-making, it will
be but fair to let your humble ser-
vant go shares, should you be able
to get a maccaroni-contract from
the Admiralty Board, or the king's
patent for home consumption. We
can (entre nous soil dit) afford it at
four-pence the pound, while your
Italian oil-shops sell it for eighteen
pence and two shillings ! !

During the time I gathered all
this valuable information, Don Mi-
chele was busily employed in wip-
ing and drying his best suit, and
making himself decent. In this
laudable effort he had succeeded be-
fore the rain was over; we therefore
once more mounted our vehicle,
and quickly arrived at Resina,
where I had determined to dine.
On mentioning this resolve to Don
Michele, he replied with a smiling
self-sufficiency, Lascia far a me*.
Indeed in matters of catering he
appeared much more at home than
among the ruins of Pompeji. His
local knowledge brought us to an
inn, the rustic appearance of whose
exterior, interior, and master, pro-
mised no sumptuous entertainment.
The padrone della casa forthwith
made his appearance en neglige,
i. e. in a nightcap and calico jacket;
and having understood our present
wants, disappeared with the confi-
dential assurance of Avra tin bon
pranzo in un mezzo momento + «
Leaving to better mathematicians
the computation of the precise por-
tion of time meant by half a mo-
ment (which in this instance amount-

* Leave me alone for that,
t You'll have a good dinner in half a
moment.

EIGHTH LETTER PROM ITALY.

409

ed to rather more than nineteen mi-
nutes and a half), I can only say,
that our patience was put to no
great trial. The bon pretrial (upon
•which many an Englishman might
have starved) consisted of a tolera-
ble vermicelli soup, a pork fry,
a dish of delicate little fish, un-
luckily fried in oil, and a good
salad. To us, however, all was
manna in the desert. Don Michele,
in particular, fell to with such ener-
gy and rapidity, that, before I had
dispatched four or five of the tender
pisciculi, my friend had emptied
the dish altogether. The little ani-
mals glided down his fauces, un-
masticated, much more quickly than
I remember having seen them shoot
through the transparent windings
of their native rivulet. Fortunately,
the padrone was prepared for a se-
cond edition, which was published
immediately. To dine at the very foot
of Vesuvius, and not drink Lachri'
me Christi, would have been worse
than being at Rome and not seeing
St. Peter's. On calling for that
wine, our host asked, Bulite roba
huona* ? which of course was an-
swered in the affirmative. The Nea-
politans, you must know, like a
certain religious sect in England,
rarely give you a direct answer to
a question put to them : their reply
generally consists in a new ques-
tion, which you are to answer,
thereby gaining an advantage over
you. This, en passant, is not a
bad device, and may with great pro-
fit be adopted in all cases, at least
where you are puzzled for an an-
swer. But to return to the Lachrime
Christi. That of our host's was so
delicious, that, in spite of my phy-

* Would you have capital stuff"?
Sup. Vol. II.

sician's injunctions, the second bot-
tle soon became a desideratum, and
my friend now grew more jovial than
ever I saw him, and perhaps than
ever he had been in his life. He
would give a specimen of his voice,
and favoured the host and your
humble servant with the pretty air,
" Sul margine d'uti rio.™ To do
him justice in this vocal attempt,
he would probably have succeeded
to admiration, had he not taken
some unwarrantable liberties with
the sharps and flats ; one of which
he would substitute for the of her so
frequently, that, at the end of his
cantata, he was not only a full fifth
lower than when he began, but it.
was also impossible to guess whether
the melody was in a minor or major
key : as to time, the whole was
given, ad libitum, without any ser-
vile adherence to bars or stops. On
being pressed, in my turn, to sing
an English air, I first begged my
friend to stand up, and mine host
to pull off his night-cap, and then
began " God save the King," with
all the fervour of loyalty and pa-
triotism which every true Briton
feels the more powerfully, in pro-
portion to the distance that sepa-
rates him from his beloved country
and sovereign.

Believe me, dear T. that no effort
was spared on this occasion, to give
ray companion, as well as the land-
lord, a favourable idea of British
harmonics ; nay, I am sure, 1 never
sung better in my life ; yet this
abominable Zoilus of modern times,
this vile Don Snarl, had the im-
pudence to observe, that however
praiseworthy my execution, the
English language appeared to him
so harsh, as to be totally unfit for
music. It was to no purpose to
3R

470

BRITISH SPORTS.

meet his criticism with the names of
a Mrs. B. and Mr. B. He coolly
said he had heard of both, but he
very well knew the former to he of
German extraction ; and the latter
to belong to a nation, whose kings
were virtuosos before England was
even discovered.

With such a subject, it would re-
quire angelic patience to pursue an
argument; the less you say, there-
fore, the better. To cut the matter
short, I demanded my bill, or, ra-
ther, the sum total of our entertain-
ment ; for bills of particulars are
generally deemed here an unneces-
sary waste of time and paper. To
my great surprise, our whole reck-
oning, including the two bottles of
excellent wine, amounted to thir-
teen carlins and five grani (about
4s. lOd.) : and this, Don Michele,
who I believe would find fault (and
not without cause) with his mother
for bringing him into the world,
thought exorbitant. It was dusk
before we got into our gig again.
A heavenly evening had succeeded
the storm and shower ; the latter
had, as our friend A. would say,
precipitated every azotic impurity
in the atmosphere, and imparted to
it a fresh supply of oxygen ; a lux-

uriant vernal vegetation exhaled its
perfumes more freely — it was a treat
to breathe ! A brilliant moon as-
sisted to conduct us securely over
the bridge della Madalena to the
Castel del Carmine : skirting along
the old walls of the city, we entered
it by the Capuan gate, drove through
Strada di Carbonara, passed the
Largo dellc Pigne and the Regit
Studii, up the hill to our head-
quarters on the Infrescata.

Jam opus cxegi! I have fulfil-
led, at last, your wish and my pro-
mise to give you a " full and par-
ticular account'' of the remains of
the interesting Pompeji. As full at
least as the impaired, but, thank
God, improving health of your
friend would permit him to do. If
it is beyond the reach of healthy
mortals to furnish any thing perfect,
how much greater is my claim on
your indulgence, when you learn,
that, amidst the very ruins of Pom-
peji, I had to swallow two different
recipes :

R. Ferrug": martis 3SS. and

R. Infusi gentian : 5J.

Tinct. Peruv : 31J.

Fiat haustus in amphitheatro
Pompeji sumendus.

Ever your's.

Uk-*-j»ui •sjuikhm

THE HARE.

Notwithstanding the general
passion that prevails among most
nations for hunting, it has been
deemed by many, an exercise incon-
sistent with the principles of huma-
nity. In two cases only docs it seem
possible to reconcile the practice
with those principles ; that is to say,
either when an uncultivated country

BRITISH SPORTS.

(Continued from "page 39 lj

is over-run with ferocious beasts, or
when it is necessary to kill wild ani-
mals for food. We are not, for our
own parts, ashamed to own, that,
in regard to hare-hunting in parti-
cular, our sentiments nearly coincide
with those of the great king of Prus-
sia, who expresses himself on this
subject in the following manner : —
" The chace is one of the most

BRITISH SPORTS.

471

jenslial of pleasures, by which the
powers of the body are strongly ex-
erted, while those of the mind re-
main unemployed. It is an exer-
cise which makes the limbs strong,
active, and pliable ; but leaves the
head without improvement. It con-
sists in a violent desire in the pur-
suit, and the indulgence of a cruel
pleasure in the death of the game.
I am convinced that man is more
cruel and savage than any beast of
prey. We exercise the dominion
given us over these our fellow-crea-
tures in the most tyrannical manner.
If we pretend to any superiority over
the beasts, it ought certainly to con-
sist in reason ; but we commonly
find that the most passionate lovers
of the chace renounce this privi-
lege, and converse only with their
dogs, horses, and other irrational
animals. This renders them wild
and unfeeling: and it is probable
that they cannot be very merciful to
the human species; for a man, who
can in cold blood torture a poor in-
nocent animal, cannot feel m'uch
compassion for the distresses of his
own species : — and, besides, can the
chace be a proper employment for a
thinking mind ?"

But quilting this subject, let us
turn to another, which we are sure
will prove more agreeable, at least to
our fair readers. The hare has
been sometimes tamed and rendered
very familiar. When Dr. Townson
was at G'ottingen he had a young
hare that became so frolicsome in the
evenings, as to run about the sofa
and the bed, sit upon its hind legs,
pat him with its fore-feet, and even
knock the book out of his hand when
he was reading. Mr. Borlase saw
a hare that was so familiar as to
feed from the hand, lie uudt/r a

chair in a common sitting-room,
and that appeared, in every otlier
respect, as easy and comfortable in
its situation as a lap-dog: it now
and then went out into the garden ;
but after regaling itself, always re-
turned to the house, as its proper
habitation. Its usual companions
were a greyhound and a spaniel;
both so fond of hare-hunting, that
they often went out together with-
out being accompanied by any per-
son. With these two dogs this tame
hare spent its evenings : they al-
ways slept on the same hearth, and
it would very frequently rest itself
upon them.

But the most circumstantial ac-
count of the habits and manners of
the hare in a state of domestication,
is that given by the poet Cowper ;
which appears to us so interesting,
that we shall introduce it, without
abridgment, in the words of the ami-
able writer.

" In the year 1774, being much
indisposed both in mind and body,
incapable of diverting myself either
with company or books, and yet in
a condition that made some diver-
sion necessary, I was glad of any
thing, that would engage my atten-
tion without fatiguing it. The chil-
dren of a neighbour of mine had a
leveret given them for a plaything ;
it was at that time about th iv naonths
old. Understanding better how to
tease the poor creature than to feed
it, and soon becoming weary of
their charge, they readily consent-
ed that their father, who saw it pin-
ing and growing leaner every day,
should olfer it to my acceptance. I
was willing enough to take the pri-
soner under my protection, perceiv-
ing that, in the management of such
an animal, and in the attempt la
ci R 9

472

BRITISH SPORTS.

tame it, I should find just that sort
of employment which my case re-
quired. It was soon known among
the neighbours that I was pleased
with the present; and the conse-
quence was, that in a short time 1
had as many leverets offered to me,
as would have stocked a paddock.
I undertook tlie care of three, which
it is necessary that I should here dis-
tinguish by the names I gave them
— Puss, Tiney, and Bess. Notwith-
standing the two feminine appella-
tives, I must inform you that they
were all males. Immediately com-
mencing carpenter, I built them
houses to sleep in ; each had a sepa-
rate apartment, so contrived that
their ordure would pass through the
bottom of it ; an earthen pan placed
under each, received whatsoever
fell, which being duly emptied and
washed, they were thus kept per-
fectly sweet and clean. In the day-
time they had the range of a hall,
and at night retired each to his own
bed, never intruding into that of
another.

" Puss grew presently familiar,
would leap into my lap, raise him-
self upon his hinder feet, and bite
the hair from my temples. He
would suffer me to take him up and
to carry him about in my arms, and
has more than once fallen fast asleep
upon ir>y knee. He was ill three
days, during which time I nursed
him, kept him apart from his fel-
lows (for, like many other wild
animals, they persecute one of their
own species that is sick), and by
constant, care, and trying him with
a variety of herbs, restored him to
perfect health. No creature could
be more grateful than my patient
after his recovery ; a sentiment
which he most significantly express-

ed by licking my hand, first the
back of it, then the palm, then,
every finger separately, then be-
tween all the fingers, as if anxious
to leave no part of it. unsaluted ; t
ceremony which he never perform-
ed but once again upon a simil ir
occasion. Finding him extremely
tractable, I made it my custom to
carry him always after breakfast into
the garden, where he hid himself
generally under the leaves of a cu-
cumber vine, sleeping or chewing
the cud till evening ; in the leaves
also of that vine he found a favour-
ite repast. I had not long habituat-
ed him to this taste of liberty, before
he began to be impatient for the re-
turn of the time when he might en-
joy it. He would invite me to the
garden by drumming upon my knee,
and by a look of such expression as
it was not possible to misinterpret.
If this rhetoric did not immediately
succeed, he would take the skirt of
my coat between his teeth, and pull
it with alibis force. Thus Puss might
be said to be perfectly tamed, the
shyness of his nature was done away,
and on the whole, it was visible by
many symptoms, which I have not
room to enumerate, that he was
happier in human society than
when shut up with his natural com-
panions.

" Not so Tiney ; upon him the
kindest treatment had not the least
effect. He too was sick, and in
his sickness had an equal share of
my attention ; but if, after his reco-
very, I took the liberty to stroke
him, he would grunt, strike with
his fore feet, spring forward, and
bite. He was, however, very en-
tertaining in his way ; even his sur-
liness was matter of mirth, and in
his play he preserved such an air of

BRITISH SPORTS.

473

gfcivity, and performs! his feats
i u I; ;. , oli n mil y of mann< r

| h d an ag re ibli
I union

. ho died soon after he was
fui! gr<»wn, and whose death was
occasioned by his being turned in-
to his bos, which had been wash-
ed 3 while it was yet damp, was a
hare of great humour and drollery.
Puss was tamed by gentle usage ;
Tiney was not to be tamed at all ;
and Bess had a courage and confi-
dence that made him tame from the
beginning. I always admitted them
into the parlour after supper, when
the carpet affording their feet a firm
hold, they would frisk, and bound,
and play a thousand gambols, in
which Bess, being remarkably
strong and fearless, was always su-
perior to the rest, and proved him-
self the Vestris of the party. One
evening the cat being in the room,
had the hardiness to pat Bess upon
the cheek ; an indignity which he
resented by drumming upon her
back with such violence, that the
cat was happy to escape from under
his paws and hide herself.

" I describe these animals as hav-
ing each a character of his own.
Such they were in fact, and their
countenances were so expressive of
that character, that, when I looked
only on the face of cither, I imme-
diately knew which it was. It is said
that a shepherd, however numerous
his flock, soon becomes so fami-
liar with their features, that he can,
by that indication only, distinguish
each from ail the rest; and yet, to a
common observer, the difference is
hardly perceptible. I doubt not
that the same discrimination in the
cast of countenances would be dis-
coverable in hares, and am per-
suaded that, among a thousand of

them, no two could be found exact-
ly similar ; a circumstance little
suspected by those who have not
' d<\ opportunity to observe it.
These creatures have a singular sa-
gacity in discovering the minutest
alteration that is made in the place
'o which they are accustomed ; and
instantly apply their nose to the ex-
amination of a new object. A small
hole being burnt in the carpet, it w."»s
mended with a patch, and that patch
in a moment underwent the strictest
scrutiny. They seem too to be very
much directed by the smell in the
choice of their favourites : to some
persons, though they saw them dai-
ly, they could never be reconciled,
and would even scream when they
attempted to touch them : but a
miller coming in engaged their af-
fections at once ; his powdered coat
had charms that were irresistible.
It is no wonder that my intimate
acquaintance with these specimens
of the kind has taught me to hold
the sportsman's amusement in ab-
horrence ; he little knows what ami-
able creatures he persecutes, of what
gratitude they are capable, how
cheerful they are in their spirits,
what enjoyment they have of life,
and that impressed as they seem
with a peculiar dread of man, it is
only because man gives them pecu-
liar cause for it.

iC That I may not be tedious, I will
just give a short summary of those
articles of diet that suit them best.

" I take it to be a general opi-
nion, that they graze; but it is
an erroneous one, at least grass is
not their staple : they seem rather
to use it medicinally, soon quitting
it for leaves of almost any kind.
Sow-thistle, dent-de-lion, and let-
tuce, are their favourite vegetables,
especially the last. I discovered

474

BAITISH St»ORTS.

by accident, that fine white sand is
in great estimation with them — 1
suppose as a digestive. It happened
that I was cleaning a bird-cage
while the hares were with me : I
placed a pot filled with such sand
upon the floor, which, being- at once
directed to by a strong instinct,
they devoured voraciously. Since
that time, I have generally taken
care to see them well supplied with
it. They account green com a de-
licacy, both blade and stalk, but
the car they seldom eat. Straw of
any kind, especially wheat-straw,
is another of their dainties. They
will feed greedily upon oats ; but if
furnished with clean straw, never
want them : it serves them also for
a bed ; and if shaken up daily, will
be kept sweet and dry for a consi-
derable time. They do not, indeed,
require aromatic herbs, but will eat
a small quantity of them with great
relish, and arc particularly fond of
the plant called musk. They seem
to resemble sheep in this, that, if
their pasture be too succulent, they
are very subject to the rot ; to pre-
vent which, I always make bread
their principal nourishment; and
filling a pan with it cut into small
squares, placed it every evening in
their chambers — for they feed only
at evening and in the night. Dur-
ing the winter, when vegetables were
not to be got, I mingled this mess
of bread with shreds of carrot, add-
ing to it the rind of apples cut ex-
tremely thin ; for, though they are
fond of the paring, the apple itself
disgusts them. These, however,
not being a sufficient substitute for
the juice of summer herbs, they
must at this time be supplied with
water ; but so placed, that they
cannot overset it into their beds. 1
must not omit that, occasionally,

they arc much pleased with twig*
of hawthorn, and of the common
briar, eating even the very wood
when ' f considerable thickness.

" Bess, I have said, died young ;
Tincy, lived to be nine years old,
and died at last, I have reason to
think, of some hurt in his loins by
a fall ; Puss is still living, and has
just completed his tenth year, dis-
covering no signs of decay, nor even
of age, except that he has grown
more discreet and less frolicsome
than he was. I cannot conclude
I without observing, that I have late-
ly introduced a dog to his acquaint-
ance, a spaniel that had never seen
a hare, to a hare that had never seen
a spaniel. I did it with great cau-
tion, but there was no real need of
it. Puss discovered no token of
fear, nor Marquis the least symp-
tom of hostility. There is therefore,
it should seem, no natural antipa-
thy between dog and hare, but the
pursuit of the one, occasions the
flight of the other ; and the dog pur-
sues because he is trained to it :
they eat bread at the same time out
of the same hand, and are in all re-
spects sociable and friendly.

" 1 should not do complete justice
to my subject did I not add, that
they have no ill scent belong to
I them ; that they are indei'atigably
nice in keeping themselves clean,
for which purpose nature has fur-
nished them with a brush under
each foot ; and they are never in-
fested with any vermin."

From a memorandum found
among Mr. Cowper's papers, dated
March 9, J 786, it appears that poor
Puss died on that day, aged eleven
| years and eleven months. She died
| between twelve and one at noon, of
] mere old age, and apparently with-
out pain.

475

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

Admiralty-office, May 20. This Ga-
zette contains a letter from Captain
Parker, oftfye Melpomene frigate, giving
an account of his having chased a Danish
man of war cutter on shore at Jutland,
and afte-wards destroyed her, with some
other vessels, by the boats of that ship,
under the directions of Lieuts. Plumridge
and Rennie. — Also, a letter from Captain
Dolling, of the Trompeuse, detailing the
capture of two French gun-boats from
Boulogne, of 4 guns and 13 men each.
A third was driven on shore, and rendered
useless. — The Gazette likewise contains
an Order in Council, extending the block-
ade of ports under the controul of France,
to the Eastern as well as to the Western
Ems, and prohibiting all vessels from sail-
ing into or out of the river by any chan-
nel to the westward of the island of Juyst.

Admiralty-office, May 23. Rear- Ad-
miral Sir A. Cochrane has transmitted a
letter to the Hon. W. W. Pole, dated on
board the Neptune, Mona Passage, April
17, announcing the escape of the L'Orient
squadron, from the Saints, with the excep-
tion of the D'Hautpoult, a new 74, which
was captured by the Pompee. — The ad-
miral states, that according to a plan form-
ed in conjunction with Gen. Beckwith for
the redaction of all the Saints, and if pos-
sible to secure the French squadron lying
there, Major-Gen Maitland, with a body
of troops, debarked on the 1 3th ult. ; and
en the same day, two howitzers and mor-
tars began to play upon the enemy. In-,,
formation was at the same time received,
that one ship of the line had weighed her
anchors, but that the others did not ap-
pear to be preparing for sea. From the
local situation of the Saints, which have
three passages the enemy could escape
through, and these being situated in dif-
ferent directions, the admiral's task of
guarding with five ships of the line, so as
to bring an equal force to meet the enemy
at either point, wa-. rendered peculiarly
dillicult. At half- past nine in the evening,
the concerted signal was made for the
enemy's ships having put to sea ; but the
signals were for their having gone both to
windward and to leeward of the islands,
the two. frigates proceeding one way, and
the three line-of-battle-ships the other.
When daylight approached, they were
clearly discovered, and every endeavour
used to come up with them, the Pompee

being the only line-of-battle-ship in com-
pany, ami the frigates not joining until
the following day. The superiority of the
enemy's sailing left little chance for the
Neptune getting up, unless some of the
ships were disabled ; and if any accident
had happened to the Pompee's masts, they
must have inevitably have all escaped ;
the admiral therefore directed Capt.Fahie
to endeavour to cripple the stcrnmost
ship, without bringing on the collected
fire of the three, then in line abreast.
In this attempt he was most gallantly
supported by Capt. Napier of his majesty's
sloop Recruit, who kept close up, alt ho'
fired at from all their stern chase guns,
and did every thing that was possible to
be done to cut away the enemy's masts
and rigging, and continued on this service
during the whole chace, which lasted un-
til this morninv at half-past three, when
Le D'HautpouL ..as brought to action by
the Pompee and Castor, as will more
fully appear by Capt. Fahie's letter,
here inclosed.

[The Admiral then bestows great praise
on Capt. Fahie, for his skill and bravery —
states his having detached the York and
Captain with two frigates and a sloop of
war to the northward, to endeavour to in-
tercept the enemy's two ships that escaped.
— and announces his having appointed
Capt. Napier to the command of the prize
(now named the Abercrombie) until their
lordships' pleasure is known.]
H. 31. S. Pompee, April 17, Cape Roxo,

Porto Rico, N. E. by N. seven or eight

leagues.

Sir, — Having in obedience to your or-
ders, communicated to me by telegraph
at five P. M. on the 14th inst. proceeded
under the Lower Saint, for the purpose
of watching the enemy's motions, should
they attempt to escape from thence to the
northward, I observed soon after nine
o'clock the signal from the small ships and
brigs more in shore, under the orders of
Capt. Cameron, of the Hazard, that the
enemy had put to sea; those signals were
repeated to you ; and at 40 minutes after
nine o'clock, the Lower Saint bearing E.
about a mile and a half, I distinctly saw
three large ships coming down under all
sail, and followed closely by the Hazard
and several others of the in-shore squa-
dron, with the signal for their being the
enemy. At ten o'clock, I closed up with

476 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES,

the stemmost ship, and endeavoured to j,
stop her, bv the discharge of two broad-
sides ; but being under a press of sail, and
a strong breeze, steering away W. S. W.
she succeeded in crossing us, without re-
turning our fire. At this moment, theNep-
tune was seen in the S.W. standing towards
us with all sail, and as you hailed me soon
after, and joined in the pursuit, it is un-
necessary for me to touch on any of the
occurrences on board this ship from that
period until five o'clock P. M. of the 1 5 th
inst. at which hour we entirely lost sight
of the Neptune from the mast head ; the
Latona and Castor then in company, and
one of the enemy's ships about three
miles a-head, steering away N. W. -| N.
— Our exertions to close her continued
unremitted. Just before sun-set, the
high land of Porto Rico was seen bearing
N. N. E. about nine leagues. The night
set in extremely dark, and as we drew in
with the land, we were baffled with light
and variable winds from the northward
and westward, but fortunately never for
a moment lost sight of the enemy. At
half-past three A. M. the Castor succeed-
ed in getting within shot of him, and soon
after begun a smart cannonade, which
was immediately 'returned by the enemy,
who in yawing to bring his guns to bear,
gave me an opportunity of ranging up
abreast of him. At four o'clock I brought,
him to close action, and continued hotly
engaged with, and constantly nearing
him, until a quarter past five, when both
ships being complete wrecks in their rig-
ging and sails, and within their own
lengths of each other, the Pompee nearly
unmanageable, and the enemy entirely
so, she surrendered. I must here, Sir,
express my obligations to Captains Pigot
and Roberts, of his majesty's ships La-
tona and Castor, for their attention during
the chace, and their spirited efforts to
afford me their support in the battle.
The latter, as I have already stated, had
a partial opportunity of doing so ; and I
am assured that the want of opportunity
alone prevented my receiving it equally
from the former. — And it may not be
improper here, Sir, to go back to the oc-
currences of the 15th inst. in order to ex-
press my admiration of the gallant con-
duct of Capt. Napier of his majesty's brig
the Recruit, in keeping within the fire of
the stern chasers of three sail of the line
throughout that day, and constantly an-
noying them with his. — To the officers

and crew of his majesty's ship under my
command, my warmest thanks are due,
for their unabated and cheerful exertions
throughout so long and anxious a chace,
and for their steady and gallant conduct
during the action ; to Mr. W. Bone, the
first lieutenant, I must particularly offer
them. — The captured ship is the D'Haut-
poult. of 74 guns, commanded by Capt.
Armand lie Due, Chevalier of the Legion
of Honour, with a crew of 680 men ; be-
tween 50 and 90 of whom were killed and
wounded, including several officers. She
is a perfectly new ship, never at sea until
she quitted L'Orient in February last.

W. C. Fahie.
[The Pompee had Q. killed, and 30 wound-
ed ; amoag the latter are, Capt. Fahie, 1st.
Lieut. Bone, and Lieut Atkins, royal marines.
— -The Neptune, l killed and 4 wounded. —
The Castor, l killed and 6 wounded — The Re-
cruit, 1 (serjeaut of marines) wounded.]

London Gazette Extraordinary.

Downing- street, May 21. The follow-
ing dispatch was .received this evening,
from Sir A. Welle sley, by Vise. Castle-
reagh.

Oporto, May 12.

My Lord, — I had the honour to apprise
your lordship, on the 7 th. inst. that I in-
tended thai the army should march on the
9th from Coimbra, to dispossess the ene-
my of Oporto. — The advanced guard and
the cavalry had marched on the 7th, and
the whole had halted on the 8th, to afford
time for Marshal Beresford with his corps,
to arrive upon the Upper Douro. — The
infantry of the army was formed into
three divisions for this expedition, of
which two, the advanced guard, consist-
ing of the Hanoverian legion and Brig.-
gen. Stewart's brigade, with a brigade of
six-pounders, and a brigade of three-
pounders, under Lieut. -gen. Paget, and
the cavalry under Lieut.- gen. Payne,
and the brigade of guards, Brig.-gen.

Campbell's and Brig.-gen. « 's brigade

of infantry, with a brigade of six-pound-
ers, under Lieut. -gen. Sherbrooke, moved
by the high road from Coimbra to Oporto;
and one composed of Major-gen. Hill's
and Brig.-gen. Cameron's brigades of in-
fantry and a brigade of six-pounders, un-.
der the command of Major.-gen. Hill, by
the road from Coimbra to Aveiro. On
the 1 Oth in the morning, before day-light,
the cavalry and advanced guard crossed
the Vouga, with the intention to surprise
and cut off four regiments of French ca~

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 477

Hairy, and a battalion of infantry and ar-
tillery, cantoned in Albergaria Nova and
the neighbouring villages, about eight
miles iron; that river, in the last of which
Vie failed, bat the superiority of the Bri-
tish cavalry was evident throughout the
day; we took souk: prisoners and their
cannon from them, and the advanced
guard took up the position of.Oliviera. —
On the same day, Major-gen. Hill, who
had embarked at Aveno on die evening of
the 9th, arrived atOv&r, in the rear of the
enemy's right; and the head of Lieut. -
gen. Sherbrooke/s division passed die
Vouga on the same evening. On the J 1 th,
the advanced guard and cavalry continu-
ed to move on the high road towards
Oporto, with Major-gen. Hill's division
in a parallel road, which leads from Oporto
to Qvar. — On the arrival of die advanced
guard at Van das Novas between Sonto
Redondo and Grijon, they fell in with the
Out-posts of the enemy's advanced guard,
consisting of about 400 J infantry, and
some squadrons of cavalrv, strongly post-
ed on the heights above Grijon, their front
being covered by woods and broken
ground. The enemy's left flank was turn-
ed by a movement well executed by ."Ma-
jor-gen. Murray, with Prig.-gen. Lang-
worth's brigade of the Hanoverian Le-
gion ; while the 1 6th Portuguese regi-
ment of Brig. -gen. R. Stewart's brigade
attacked their right, and the riflemen of
the 95th, and the flank companies of the
20th, 13d, and 52d, of the same brigade,
under Major Way, attacked the infantry
in the woods and villages in their center.
— These attacks soon obliged the enemy
to give way ; and the Hon. Brig.-gen. C.
Stewart led two squadron.; of the loth and
20th dragoons, under the command of
Major Blake, in pursuit of the enemy,
and destroyed many, and took many pri-
soners. On the night of the 1 1th, the
enemy crossed the Douro, and destroyed
the bridge over that river. — It was im-
portant, with a view to the operations of
Marshal Beresford, that 1 should cross
the Douro immediately: and I had sent
Major-gen. Murray in the morning with
a battalion of the Hanoverian Legion, a
squadron of cavalry, and two' six-pound -
ers, to endeavour to collect boats, and; if
possible, to Cross the river at Ovinias aim it
four miles from Oporto; and I had as
many boats as could be collected, brought
to the forty, immediately ahove the
towns of Oporto and Villa Nova. — The
ground on the right bank of the river at

Sup. Vol. IT. ' '

this ferry is protected and commanded
by a tire of cannon, placed on the height
of the sierra eonvent at Villa Nova ; and
there appeared to he a good position for
our troops on the opposite side of the ri-
ver, till they should he collected in suiii-
cient numbers. — Ihe enemy look no no-
tice of our collection of boats, or the em-
barkation of the tioops, till after the first
battalion (the Bulls) were landed, and had
taken up their position under the com-
mand of Lieut. -gen. Paget on the oppo-
site side of the river. — They then com-
menced an attack upon them, with a large
body of cavalry, infantry, and artillery,
under the command of Marshal Soult,
which that corps most gallantly sustained,
till supported successively by the 4-Sth and
6pth regimentsj belonging to Major-gen.
Hill's brigade, and a Portuguese batta-
lion, and afterwards by the brat battalion
of detachments belonging to Brig.? gen.
it. Stewart's brigade. Lieut.- gen. Paget
was unfortunately wounded soon alter the
attack commenced, when the command
of these gallant troops devolved upon Ma-
jor-gen. liiil. — Although the French
made repeated attacks upon them, they
made no impression; and at last Major-
gen. Murray having appeared on the ene-
my's left flank, on his march from Ovin-
ias, where he had crossed, and Lieut. -gen.
Sherbrooke, who by this time had availed
himself of the enemy's weakness in the
town of Oporto, and had crossed the Douro
at the ferry between the towns of Villa
Nova and Oporto, having appeared upon
the right with the brigade of guards and
the 29th regiment, the whole retired in
the utmost confusion towards Amaranthei
leaving behind them live pieces of can-
non, eight ammunition tumbrils, and
m y prisoners. — The enemy's loss in.
killed and wounded has been very large,
and they have left behind them in Oporto,
700 sick and Aviv,:",; led — Brig. -gem the
Hon. C. Stewart then directed a charge
by a squadron of the 1 Itn dragoons,, under
the command of Major Hervey, who
made a successful attack on the enemy's
rear-guard. In the different actions with
the enemy, of which I have above given
your lordship an account, we have lost
some, and the immediate services of other
valuable officers and soldiers. — fn Lieut. -
gen. Paget, among the latter, 1 have lost
the assistance of a friend, who had been
most useful to mc iti the few da'vs which
had elapsed since he had joined the army.
— He had rendered a most important sen

t 2

478 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

vice at the moment he received his wound,
in taking up the position which the troops
afterwards maintained, and in hearing
the first brunt of the enemy's attack.—
Major Hervey also distinguished himself
at the moment he received his wound in
the charge of the cavalry on this dav. —
1 cannot say too much in favour of the
olhcers and troops. They have marched
in four days, over 80 miles of the most
difficult country, have gained many im-
portant positions, and have engaged and
defeated three different bodies of the ene-
my's troops.

[Sir Arthur then recommends to the
particular attention of his lordship, the
services of Lieut.-gen. Paget, Major-ge-
nerals Murray and Hill, Brig.-gen. C.
Stewart, Lieut.-gen. Sherbrooke, Lieut.-
col. Delancy, and Capt. Mellish of the
10th ; and of Col. Duckworth, Lieut. -col.
Drummond, Major C.Campbell, Brigade-
Major Fordyce, Captains Corry and Hill,
of the 11th; as well as Majors Way,
Blake, Murray, and Hervey ; Quarter-
Master Col. Murray, Lieut.-col. Bat hurst,
and all the olhcers of his personal staff!
— The examplary bravery of the Bud's,
48th, 66th, 29th, 43d, and 52d regiments,
with the Ibth and 20th light dragoons,
are also mentioned in high terms of com-
mendation.]

1 send this dispatch by Capt. Stanhope,
whom I beg to recommend to your lord-
ship's protection: his brother, the Hon.
Maj. Stanhope, was unfortunately wound-
ed by a sabre, whilst leading a charge
of the 16th light dragoons, on the 10th
inst. Arthur Wellesley.

Wounded, &.c. In action with the advanced
posts of the French army at Albergaria Nova,
loth May; 1 Major, 2 rank and tile, wound-
ed ; 1 rank and file missing. Total, 4 — Offi-
cer wounded, Hon. Major L. Stanhope, l(jth
dragoons, slightly in the shoulder.

Killed, &c. In the action on the heights of
Crijon, nth May — 19 killed, 6.3 wounded, 14
missing. Total, 90. — Officers killed and icou tid-
ed, 16th light dragoons, (.'apt. Swcatman,
wounded slightly ', Lieut. Tonikinsoii, severe-
ly.— 1st. hatt. detachments, Capt. Owens,
3Sth foot, wounded ; Lieut. Woodgate, 52d
foot, severely wounded— 1st. Batt. King's
(.jermau legion, Capt. Delanring, killed. — ad
ditto, Capt. Langrelin, severely wounded. —
RiHe corps King's German legion, Lieut. Lod-
ders, wounded.

Killed, ":<•. Iiiactio-i with the French army
under tbfi command of Marshal Sonlt, in the
passage of the Douro, on the 12th May. — '23
rank and file, killed; 2 general and stall* offi-
cers, 3 majors, 2 captains, 3 lieutenants, 1 Ser-
jeant, S5 rank and file, wounded; 2 rank and
{ile, missing. — Total, 33 killed, 96 wounded,
a missing — 121.

Name* of officers killed, wounded, and mitt*
ing. — Lieut. -geu. Paget, lost his arm, but do-
ing well. — Capt. Hill, aid-de-camp to Gen. Hill,
sliglitly. — 14th light dragoons, Major Hervey
lost his arm, but doing well; Capt. Hawker
and Lieut. Knipe, slightly. — 3d loot, Lieut.
Monaghan, slightly. — 4Sth Foot, id hatt Ma-
jor Erskine, slightly.— 66th Foot, 2d batt.
Major Murray, severely in the arm, Capt. Bin-
ning, slightly. — Royal engineers, First-lieut.
Hamilton, severely

Oporto, May 13- — Return of ordnance, am-
munition, carriages, and ordnance stores,
&c. &c. taken in the arsenal of Quartitra
St. Oviedo, May 12.

Brass guns French, the carriages broken to
pieces: ten 12-pounders, twelve 8-pounders,
eighteen 4-pounders, sixteen 3 -pounders.— »
Brass howitzers French, one carriage good :
two 6-inch, one 6-inch. — French caissons, 4
serviceable, 36 unserviceable. — 3000 whole
barrels of English gunpowder. — 300,000 Eng-
lish musket cartridges. — Round shot, 2000
9- pounders, 256 lS-pounders, 5,03 12-pound-
ers, 650 8-poUnders, 530 4-pounders, 200 3-
pounders. — Shells, 400 6-inch, 600 flannel
cartridges. Case shot, 1266-inch howitzers.
Wheels good, 8 guns, 30 howitzers, lScarrs.
— 60 handspikes, 12 tarpaulins 3000 French
flints, 10 slow matches, 100 spunges, and 30
copper ladles. (".Howarth,

Brig.-gen. Royal Horse Artillery.

Admiralty-office, May 27. This Ga-
zette contains a letter transmitted by Lord
Collingwood from Lord Cochrane, dated
Imperieuse, Caldagues, 2d January, stat-
ing that two French vessels of war, and a
convoy of victuallers for Barcelona, were;
all, amounting to 13 sail, in his posses-
sion.— A letter from Sir James Saumarez
mentions the capture on the 18th inst. of
the Island of Anholt, by a party of sea-
men and marines, under the command of
Captain Selby, of the Owen Glendour,
assisted bv Captain E. Nicholls, of the
royal marines. The garrison, consisting
of 170 men, surrendered at discretion.
On our side, one private of the marines
was killed, and two wounded. The ac-
quisition of this island is stated to be of
importance in furnishing supplies of wa-
ter to the fleet, and affords a good anchor-
age to the trade in going to or coming
from the Baltic. — A letter from Sir It. G.
Keates mentions the capture of a Danish
lugger privateer by the boats of the Ma»
jestic, and of two, sloop-rigged, by the
Earnest gun-brig. — A letter from Capt.
Pater, of the Princess Carolina, dated o(T
the Texel, May 21, states his having cut
out from the Vhe passage the king of
Holland's schooner Adm. Pletheyer, of
seven guns, and 27 men.

This Gazette also contains an Order in
Council, for suspending the Orders in

Interesting intelligence from the London gazettes. 479

Council, so far as to allow the Americans
to trade with Holland from the 10th of
June until the 20th of July next ; in con-
sequence of the provisional agreement
entered into between our minister in
America and the government of the United
States " although the said provisional
agreement is not such as was authorized
-by his majesty's instructions; or such as
his majesty can approve." This order
is made to prevent any inconvenience that
might ensue ro the citizens of the United
States, who, relying on the faith of the
agreement, should have already begun
to trade with Holland.

There is aiso an order for regulating
the trade between America and the West
Indies.

Admiralty-qffi.ee, June 10. This Ga-
Betce announces the following captures :
the Levigerna Danish privateer, of 6 guns
and 1 7 men, by the Superb ; and of the
Tilsit French privateer, of ten guns and
41 men, bv" the Cruizer sloop ; — the Sol
Fng'en Danish privateer cutter, of six
guns and J4- men, by the Mosquito sloop,
Capt. Goate ; — LI Courier Danish priva-
teer, of one 2 pounder and four swivels,
by the boats of the Briseis and Bruiser
gun- vessel.

Admiralty-office, June 13. A letter has
been transmitted by Sir J. Saumarez, from
Capt. Toker, of the Cruizer sloop, stating
the capture, off Bornhoim, 31stult. of the
privateer brig Christiansborg, of six guns
and 37 men ; she had been from the
Eartholms only six hours, is copper- fast-
ened, and had not made any capture.

Admiralty -office, June 17. Letter from
Capt. Baker to Sir R. G. Keates, and
transmitted by Sir J. Saumarez.

Tartar, June Id.
Sir, — -I have the honour to acquaint you,
that, on the 1.5th of May, 1809, 1 cha-ed
on shore, near Felixberg, on the coast of
Coin-land, a Danish sloop privateer, of
four guns, two of them 12-poundors, on
slides, and two long 4-pounders ; the
crew, 24 in number, landing with their
muskets, and being joined by some of the
country people, posted themselves behind
the sand-hills, near the beach. — The ves-
sel appearing calculated to do much mis-
chief to the trade, I sent the boats of this
ship, under the command of Lieuts, Sykes
and Parker, with orders either to bring
her oil) or to destroy her ; the former of
which they effected with considerable ad-
dress and activity, an '• without loss, very

soon getting the vessel's guns to bear upon
the beach. — Before the Danes abandoned
her, they placed a lighted caudle in a 12-
pounder cartridge of gunpowder, in the
magazine, where there was some hundred
weights besides.which was happily disco-
vered by one of the boat's crew, who im-
mediately grasped it in his hand, and ex-
tinguished it, when it had burned down
within half an inch of the powder; an-
other minute would, in all probability,
have been the destruction of every man
on board and alongside the vessel — a dis-
honourable mode of warfare, necesary to
be known to be properly guarded against.
Jos. Bakf.r.
[Thi-j Gazette also announces the cap-
ture of the Danish cutter privateer Snap,
mounting three guns, with nine men, by
the Patriot gun-vessel, Lieut. Mansel.}

Admiralty -office, June 2'r. Letter to.
Lord Gambier.

Amelia, off St. Andero, June 10.
My Lord, — Acting in obedience to your
lordship's order of the 15th ult. I receiv-
ed information of an attack being about
to be made by the Spanish patriots on the
French troops in possession of the town
of St. Andero; and having established sig-
nals between his majesty's ship under my
command and the fortress of Golezand,
I proceeded off this place in company
with his majesty's ship Statira, she having
joined me on the Sth inst. ; but a strong
wind and current prevented onr getting
up till this day, when, on our approach,
firing was observed in every direction on
the shore, and several vessels trying to ef-
fect their escape out of the harbour, which
were captured as per margin*, one boat
only getting away ; more most have es-
caped, but were prevented through the
activity of Capt. Boys, in H. M. S. Sta-
tira. They appear fine vessels, arid have
several of the French army on board, with
chief part of the hospital stall*. The cor-
vette is the same lately so gallautly en-
gaged by Capt. Skinner in H. M. sloop
Goldfinch, and since by the Black Joke
lugger, and has proved a great annoy-
ance to our trade. I learn by a Spanish
officer, who came to me from the shore,
(aid-de-camp to Gen Ballestero,) and by
our own boats which I sent on shore, that
the French troops have all surrendered,

* La Mouche, 16 eight- pounders ; La Re-

joine, 8; La IWouchu, Nft. 7. I -} La Logerj
and Notre Dmiuc

480 INTEIIESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE*."

an 1 that the town is in possesion of the
Spanish patriots under the command of
Gen. BaMestero.

In consequence of the number of pri-
5, 1 liavc sent the Statii a into port,
with the prizes, and shall remain myself
on ihis coast, in hopes of being able to
render farther assistance to the .Spanish
cause. Fred. Paul Irjsy.

[Gap*. Goat«, of the Mosquito sloop,
lias transmitted two letters from Lieut.
Mansel, commanding the Patriot gun-ves-
sel; giving an accobnt of the capture by
that vessel of a Dutch national gun-vessei
of one gun, with swivels, artd ten men, in
the river Jah'le ; and of a Danish priva-
teer of one gun and six swivels, ant! 25
men, off/Langerooz ; and also of the de-
struction, by the Patriot and Alert hired
vessel, of two Fre'neh privateers and a
sloop, in the Jahde.]

Admiralty -office, July I. This Gazette
announces the capture of the Loven Da-
nish privateer, of two long guns and 1 1
•men, by the Talbot, Capt. A Jones.

Admiralty office, Jul// 4. Letter from
Capt. M'Kuiley, of the Lively.

Lively, Vi'^o, June 12.
Sir, — I have to request y on will be pleas-
ed to make known to their lordships, that
the enemy having taken post on the north
side of the bridge of St Payo, a pistol-
shot across, in houses, and in a wood a
little below it, kept up his attack, sup-
ported with field artillery, and three 12-
pounders, with great vivacity, during the
whole of that day (the 7th,) which was
sustained by the Gallician army with
great coo'ness and bravery.— During the
night of the 7th, the enemy erected a
battery. Commodore Don Juan Carran-
sa ■; sent up three gun-boats, one of which
Capt Wynter manned, under the charge
of Lieut. Jeffersoni his first lieutenant.
At day-light in the morning of the 8th,
the enemy opened his fire, both on the
<i dlicTan troops and the boats ; the latter
of which, from the tide being up, got
near, and destroyed the enemy's batteries.
At the fall of the tide,, the enemy made
two desperate attempts to cross below
the bridge with his cavalry and infantry,
but the great courage and spirit displayed
by our friends, repulsed them with great
siaugher. A body of them went higher
up the river to the bridge to Sotlomayor,
and that active and brave officer, Don
Pablo Murillo, was detached with a divi-

sion to oppose them; and the enemy, after
persevering for an hour and a half, were
obliged to give way to the superior gal-
lantry of the Spaniards, and retreated to
San Payo, where another attack, during a
thick fog, was again made by the enemy,
who, as in the. former ones, was driven
back; and Marshal Ney, who commanded
the French troops, consisting of 8000
men, 2500 cavalry, with field artillery
and two 12-pounders, exneiienced a de-
feat, from a new-raised army, consisting
of (3000 armed men, and 3000 without
arms, and seme small field artillery, with
two 18-pounders, and in the night re-
treated, leaving some of his wounded;
The enemy burnt many of their dead,
and in one pit have been discovered 30
buried ; his loss must have been great.
The loss on the side of the Spaniards has
been trilling, only 1 10 killed and wound-
ed. Capt. Wynter, who was some time
at the camp, and who had a narrow es-
cape, a grape shot having grazed his hat,
described to me -that such was the ani-
mation of the Spanish troops, that it v, as
with difficulty they were restrained by
their officers from pushing across. Thus,
Sir, the spirit and good conduct of this
division of the Spanish Gallician army,
who, though without almost every part of
clothing,and exposed to heavy rains with-
out shelter, had shewn to their own nation,
and to al! Europe, that they are inspired
with ardour for the delivery of their coun-
try from a cruel usurper, which alone a
brave and loyal people can feel; and the
merit of their commanders bears so con-
spicuous a part, as their lordships must
appreciate much baiter than i could take
the liberty of expressing of .officers supe-
rior in rank to myself. And it is but just
to say, that the officers employed in the
gun-boats executed well the instructions
they received from Don Juan Carransas,
whose unwearied attention to give every
aid to the army with the most active
promptitude, eKcited admiration. — Lieut.
'JBoledo, commanding the Tigrc Spanish
schooner of war, who was up the river to
give succour, was most active ; and Lieut,
Alves, commmanuing the Portuguese
schooner Curios-,*, was alert and zealous
to support the cause ; and you will also
be pleased to express to their lord-hips
the happiness 1 feel in being enabled to
inform them, that Capt. Wynter and the
British officers and men felt all that ar-
dour to assist n al friends which is inherent
in their character Geo. M'Kinlsy.

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 481

Admiralty -office, July S. This Gazette
contains the particulars relative to the
evacuation of Corunna and Ferrol by the
French, communicated in a series ot let-
ters from Capt. Holham, of the Defence
of 74 guns. 'I he last divisions of the
French left Ferrol on the 2ist, and Co-
runna on the 22d of June, alter having in
both places spiked the guns, and destroy-
ed the defences on the land side, together
with the magazines and stores of every
kind, and completely disarmed the places
and their inhabitants. — On the 20th,
Capt. Ilotham sent Capt. Parker, of the
Amazon, to Ferrol, where he was receiv-
ed by the people with the loudest accla-
mations of joy, and the strongest possible
marks of attachment to the English* The
castle of Sun Felipe was still, however,
under the command of a person appoint
ed by .Marshal Ney, with a small detach-
ment raised in Ferrol during the time it
was in possession of the French ; but they
instantly submitted up* 1 die approach of
the English marines. — On the 28t,h, Capt.
Hot ham entered the port of Corunna,
where the governor appointed by the
Marquis de la Roman a, gave him assur-
ances that the place was from that hour
under the controul and authority of the
lawful king of Spain ; and the captain
placed himself, and every assistance that
the ships under his orders might be able
to afford, at the governor's disposal. —
On the 29th, Gen. the Conde de Norona
arrived at Corunna, and was next day
followed by Gen. Carrera, with about
1 1 ,0)0 men, forming the Conde's division
of Marquis Romana's army. The French
army under Marshal Xey moved from
Betanzos on the 22d, taking the road to
Lugo and Astorga ; it was reported that
it had previously destroyed its baggage
and heavy artillery. — On the 27th, Mar-
quis Roinana was stated to be at Oreuse,
with General Mahi, and 80,000 men.
Marshal Soult's position, on the i oth, was
said to have beenatMonforte andUuiraga.

Supplement to London* Gazette,
July I I .
This contains the Austrian official ac-
count of the battle fought near Aspern,
-on the Marchiield, on the 2 1st and 22d
o\' May, beiwet n the Austrianand French
armies. It is of extreme length, but pos-
sesses considerable interest, besides af-
fording much information beyond what
h is already been made public. The fol-
lowing is a, summary ; — The Austrian

force was divided into five columns : the
first consisted of 19 battalions and 22
squadrons; the second, of 20 batts. 16
squads. ; the 3d, 22 batts. 8 squads. ; 4th,
i 3 batts. S squads. ; and the 5th, 13 batts.
10 squadrons. The corps of cavalry con-
sisted of 78 squadrons ; and the corps of
grenadiers of 16 battalions. Total 103
battalions, and 11-8 squadrons, amounting
to 7.3,000 effective men. Of artillery,
there were- 18 batteries of brigade, 13 of
position, and 1 1 of horse artillery ; in the
aggregate 28S pieces of different calibres.
The enemy had availed himself extreme-
ly well of the advantages of the ground
to cover his passage. The extensive vil-
lages of Kssling and Aspern mostly com-
posed of brick houses, and encircled ail
round by heaps of earth, resembled two
bastions, between which, a double line of
natural trenches, intended to draw off the
water, served as the curtain, and afforded
every possible security to the columns
passing from the Isle of Lobau. Ending
had a granary furnished with loop-holes,
and whose three stories afforded room for
several hundred men, while Aspern was1
provided with a strong church-yard. The
left side of the latter village borders on
an arm of the Danube. Both villages had
a safe communication with the bushy
ground near the Danube, from which the
enemy had it constantly in his power to
dispatch, unseen, fresh reinforcements.
The Isie of, .Lobau served at once as a
place of arms and as a tcte de pont, a
bridge-head for the bridge, in the rear
across the main arm of the river. — The
enemy, with the divisions of Generals
Molitor, Boudet, Nansouty, Legrand, Fs-
pagne, Lasalle, and Ferrand, under the
Marshals Massena and Lasnes, as well
as Marshal Bessieres, together with the
guards of the Wirtemburg, Hesse Darm-
stadt, and Baden auxiliaries, had already
left this position, and was directing his
march towards Hirschstetten, when the
first Austrian advanced guards met him.
— If it be at all permitted in war to in-
dulge favourable presentiments, it was
certainly excusable so to do at that great
moment, when, onthe2lst May, exactly
at twelve o'clock, the columns began to
put themselves in motion for the attack,
A general enthusiasm had taken posses-
sion of the troops ; joyful war songs, ac-
companied bv Turkish music, resounded
through the air, and were interrupted by
shouts of * Long live our Emperor ! long
iivc the Archduke Charles!' whenever

4S2 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM TnE LONDON GAZETTES.

the Imperial general appeared, who had
placed himself at the head of the second
column. Every breast panted with anx-
ious desire and high confidence after the
decisive moment ; and the finest weather
favoured the avvfnl scene. The advanced
guard of the first column formed near the
destroyed bridge of Tabor, and leaving
the village of Kagran and Hirschstetten
to the left, and Stadlau to the right, march-
ed into the plain towards Aspern. It was
followed by the column, which marched
from the right by half divisions. The
enemv, drawn up in large divisions, stood
immediately before Aspern, having, to
cover his front, occupied all the ditches
of the fields, which afforded excellent
"breast- works. His right was covered by
a battery, and his left by a broad and
deep ditch, (one of those that carry off
the waters of the Danube when it over-
flows,) as well as by a bushy ground,
which was likewise occupied by several
bodies in close order. — The Austrians
drove the enemy out of the upper part of
the village ; but they were afterwards,
in consequence of their opponents being
reinforced, compelled to relinquish what
they had gained. — Both parties were
aware of the necessity of maintaining
themselves in Aspern at any rate, which
produced successively the most obstinate
efforts both of attack and defence ; the
parties engaged each other in every
street, in every house, and in every barn ;
carts, ploughs, and harrows were obliged
to be removed during an uninterrupted
fire, in order to get at the enemy ; every
individual wall was an impediment to the
assailants, and a rampart to the attacked ;
the steeple, lofty trees, the garrets and
the cellars were to be conquered before
cither of the parties could style itself mas-
ter of the place, and yet the possession
was ever of short duration ; for no sooner
had we taken a street or a house, than
the enemy gained another, forcing us to
abandon the former. This murderous
Conflict lasted for several hours ; the Ger-
man battalions were supported by Hun-
garians, who were again assisted by the
Vienna volunteers, each rivalling the other
in courage and perseverance. At the
same time the second column combined
its attacks with those of the first, having
to overcome the same resistance, by rea-
son of the enemy constantly leading fresh
reinforcements into fire. At length Gen.
Vacquant, of the 2d column, succeeded
in becoming master of the upper part of

the village, and maintaining himself there
during the whole of the night. By the
shells of both parties many houses had
been set on tire, and illuminated the whole
country around. At the extremity of the
right wing on the bushy meadow the
combats were not less severe. The left
flank of the enemy was secured by an
arm of the Danube ; impenetrable under-
wood, intersected only by footpaths, co-
vered his front; and a broad ditch and
palisadoes afforded him the advantage of
a natural rampart. The enemv having,
in consequence of the attack* of the first
and second columns, taken up a position
between Es^ingen and Aspern, Lieut.
Gen. Hohenzollern ordered up his batte-
ries, and a brisk cannonade commenced
on both sides. The first line of the third
column, formed in close columns of bat-
talions, advanced with the greatest resolu-
tion upon the enemy, when his cavalry
suddenly rushed forward in such numbers
and with such rapidity, thai there was
scarcely time to save the artillery which
had been brought up, and the battalion*
were left to defend themselves by their
own unsupported exertions. This was
the remarkable moment in which the re-
giments of Zach, Joseph Colloredo, Zet-
witz, Fioon, a battalion of Stein's, and the
second battalion of the Archduke Charles's
legion, under the conduct of Lieut-gen.
Brady, and Gens. Buresch, Maicy, and
j Koller, demonstrated with unparalleled
I fortitude what the determination to con-,
quer or die is capable of effecting against
the most impetuous attacks. The ene-
my's cavalry turned these battalions on
both wings, penetrated between them, re-
pulsed the squadrons of O'Reilly's light
horse, who were unable to withstand such
a superior force, and, in the confidence of
victory, summoned these corps of heroes
to lay down their arms. A well-directed
and destructive fire was the answer to-
this degrading proposition, and the ene-
my's cavalrv abandoned the field, leav-
ing behind them a considerable number
of dead. This corps, as well as the others,
passed the night on the field of battle.
The fourth and fifth columns were com-
posed of the corps of Lieut. -gen. Prince
Rosenberg on either bank of the Ross-
bach, and directed their march from their
position to the right and left of Deutsche
Wagram. The fifth made a circuit round1
the town of Enzersdorff to drive the ene-
my out of it. A number of attacks were
now made upon the enemy's lines, and;

Interesting intelligence from the London gazettes. 48S

he was driven into the villageof Esslingen,
which was set on fire ; but, as he met each
new attack with fresh reinforcements, be-
cause the safety of his retreat depended
on the possession of this village, the Aus-
trians were obliged to abandon it at the
approach of night, and to await under
arms the arrival of morning. The cavalry
under Prince Lichtenstein also distin-
guished itself. The account then pro-
ceeds : — " For the first time, Napoleon
has sustained a defeat in Germany. From
this moment he was reduced to the rank
of hold and successful generals, who, af-
ter a long series of destructive achieve-
ments, experience the vicissitudes of for-
tune. The charm of his invincibility is
dissolved. No longer the spoiled child of
fortune, by posterity he will be charac-
terized as the sport of the fickle goddess.
New hopes begin to animate the oppress-
ed nations. To the Austrian army, the
21st of May was a grand and glorious
epoch, that must in pire it with a con-
sciousness of its strength, and a confi-
dence of its energies. Overwhelmed by
our irresistible infantry, its proud oppo-
nents were extended in the dust, and the
presence of their hitherto unconqucred
emperor was no longer capable of snatch-
ing from the heroes of Austria the laurels
which they had acquired. Napoleon's
glory was now obviously at stake ; new
etlbrts were to be expected the following-
day ; but he was also obliged to fight for
his existence. In the evening, he was
joined by Oudinot's corps, and all the dis-
posable troops followed from Vienna and
the Upper Danube. The Archduke at
night destroyed, by means of lire-vessels,
the bridge on the Lobau. Scarcely had
the morning dawned on the 2*d, when the
enemy renewed his attack, which far sur-
passed in impetuosity those of the preced-
ing day. It was a conflict of valour and
mutual exasperation. Scarcely had the
French guards compelled Gen., Vacquant
to abandon Aspern, when the regiment of
Klebeck again penetrated into the burning
village, drove back the choicest troops of
the enemy, and engaged in a new contest
in the midst of the conflagration, till, at
the expiration of an hour, it was also
obliged to give way. The regiment of
Be.ijovsky now rushed in, and at the first
onset gained possession of the church-
yard, the walls of which Field-Marshal
l.ieut. Hiller immediately ordered the
first division of pioneers to pull down,
•ttd.the church, together with theparsou-

age, to be set on fire. Thus was this re*
giment, supported by some battalions,
commanded by Gen. Biunchi> at length
enabled to maintain itself at the entrance
of the village, after overcoming the resist-
ance, bordering on despair, of the flower
of the French army.

The corps under Prince Hohenzollerit
had to support a tremendous fire from
cannon and howitzers, with which the
enemy covered his front ; but vain was
every eflbrt to shake the intrepidity of*
the Austrian troops. Napoleon rode
through his ranks, and, according to the
report of the prisoners, made them ac-
quainted with the destruction of his
bridge, but added, that he had himself
ordered it to be broken down, because in
this case there was no alternative but
victory or death. — Soon afterwards the
whole of the enemy's line put itself into
motion, and the battle became general.—
During the contest, the Archduke him-
self seized the colours of Zach ; and the
battalion, which had already begun to
give way, followed with new enthusiasm
his heroic example. Count (Jolloredo,
the adjutant-general, was wounded with
a ball in the head, as were most of the
Archduke's attendants. All the generals,
tired with emulation, fought at the head
of their troops ; and the attacks of our
impenetrable corps, both with the sabre
and the bayonet, so rapidly repeated and
so impetuous as to be unparalleled ia
military annals, frustrated all the inten-
tions of the enemy. He was beaten at
all points; and astonished at such un-
daunted intrepidity, he was obliged to
abandon the field of battle. — About neon,
another assault was ordered upon Esslin-
gen, which Was undertaken by four gre-
nadier battalions — live times did these
gallant men rush up to the very walls of
ihe houses, which were burning internal-
ly, and placed in a state of defence ; and
as often were their efforts fruitless, for
their antagonists fought with desperation
and despair. In the night between the
22d and '23d, the enemy accomplished his
retreat to the Lobau, and at three io the
morning his rear-guard also had evacuat-
ed Fsslingen and all the points which he
had occupied on the left bank of the Da-
nube. Some divisions pursued him close-
ly, and took possession as near as possi»
bie of the necessary posts of observation,
— The account then concludes: "Thus
terminated a conflict of two days, which
will ever be memorable in the annuls of

4Si INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE??.

the world, and in the history of war.
1c was the most obstinate and bloody that
has occurred since the commencement of
the Trench revolution. It was decisive
for the glory of the Austrian arms, tor the ,
preservation of the monarchy, and for the
correction of the public opinion. — The
enemy's cavalry has seen its acquired but
hnheno untried glory dissipated by the
masses of our battalions, whose cool in-
trepidity it was unable to endure. — Three
pieces of cannon, ammunition waggons,
J 7,000 French muskets, and about 3000
cuirasses, fell into the hands of the con-
queror. The loss on both sides was very
great ; this, and the circumstance that
Very icw prisoners were taken by either
party, proves the determination of the
combatants either to conquer or die." —
The Austrian army laments the death of
87 superior officers, and 4-199 subalterns
and privates. — Lieut. -generals Prince
Rohan, Dedovich, Weber, and Frenel,
Generals Winzingerode, Grill, Neii-
stadter, Siegenthal, Colloredo, Ma}*, llo-
henfeld, and Buresch, 663 officers, and
15,051 subalterns and privates, were
wounded. Of these Field-marshal Weber,
eight officers, and 821) men were taken
prisoners by the enemy. "The loss of
the enemy was prodigious, and exceeds
all expectation. It can only be accounted
for by the effect of our concentric fire on
an exceedingly confined field of battle,
where all the batteries crossed one ano-
ther, and calculated by the following au-
thentic data. Generals Lasnes, D'Es-
pagne, St. Hilaire, and Albuquerque are
dead ; Massena, Bessieres, Molitor,
Boudet, Legrand, Lasaile, and the two
brothers Legrange wounded ; Durosnel
and Foulers taken. Upwards of 7000
men, and an immense number of horses,
were buried in the field of battle ; 5000
and some hundred wounded lie in our hos-
pitals. In Vienna and the suburbs, there
are at present 29,773 wounded; many
were carried to St. Polten, Enns, and as
farasLinz; 2300 were taken. Several
hundred of corpses floated down the Da-
nube, and are still daily thrown upon its I
shores; many met their death in*thc island
of Lobau, and since the water has fallen
in the smaller arms of the river, innume-
rable bodies, thus consigned by their com-
rades to everlasting oblivion, have be-
come visible. The burying of the suffer-
ers is not vet over, and a pestilential air
is wafted from the theatre of death." —

[A list of those officers, &c. who particu-
larly distinguished themselves, follows.]

Admiralty-office, July 15. Letter from

G'supt. Samuel Warren to Capt. Barrett,

ol the Minotaur, transmitted by Vice*-

Admiral Sir James Saumarez, Bart. K. B.

Bellerophon, off Dugerost, June 20.

Sir, — Pursuant to your signal to me of
yesterday, I proceeded in his majesty's
ship under my command oil' Ilango;
when at sunset I discovered a lugger (ap-
parently armed) and two other vessels at
anchor within the islands ; deeming it of
importance to get hold of them, I an-
chored and detached the boats under the
orders of Lieut. Pilch ; and have to ac-
quaint you, that they had gained com*
plete possession of the vessels, which be-
ing found were of no consequence, and
under cover of four strong batteries (not
before observed,) supported by several
gun- boats, were abandoned. It was then
judged necessary, to prevent loss in re-
turning, to dash at the nearest batter}',
mounting four 2 t-pounders, (and by a
muster-roll found, garrisoned with 103
men,) which, after an obstinate resist-
ance, was carried in the most gallant
manner, the Russians retreating to boats
on the other side of the island. The guns
were spiked, and magazine destroyed. —
Lieut. Pilch reports to me the very able
assistance he received from Lieuts. Sheri-
dan and Bentham, Lieut. Carrington,
royal marines, and Mr. ?»Iart, carpenter
(volunteers) ; and that more cool brave-
ry could not have been displayed than by
the officers and men employed on this
service ; and, considering the resistance
met with, and heavy tire of grape-shot
from the batteries and gun-boats in the
retreat, the loss is comparatively small,
being five wounded, wlu.se names are in
the. margin*. — It is the opinion of the
officers the loss of the enemy in killed and
wounded was considerable.

Sam. Warren, Capt.

At the court at tiie Queen's Palace, the
12th July; present, the King's Most
Excellent Majesty in Council.
It is this day ordered by his Majesty

in council, that, a general embargo be

* Griffith Griffiths, quarter-master, badly
wounded; Peter Jest, royal marines, ditto;
Simon M'Leute, staman, sightly wounded j
John Butterficld, royal mariu.es, ditto j Tho-
mas M'Caithy, vovai marines, ditto.

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 485

forthwith laid (to continue until further
orders) upon all ships and vessels in the
united kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land, except his majesty's ships and ves-
sels of war, and except such ships and
vessels as shall be laden by the especial
order, and under the directions, of the
lords commissioners of his majesty's Trea-
sury, or the lords commissioners of the
Admiralty, with any kind of provisions
or stores for the use of his majesty's fleets
or armies ; and a!so except such sliips
ami vessels as are employed by the ('fa-
cers of the navy, ordnance, victualling,
and customs: and the right honourable
the lords commissioners of his majesty's
Treasury, and the lords commissioners of
the Admiralty, and the lord warden of
the Cinque Ports, are to give the ne-
cessary directions herein as to them may
respectively appertain.

W. Fawkener.

Admiralty -office, July 1 S. Letter from
Capt. Goate, of the Mosquito, addressed
to SirR. Strachan, dated in the river Elbe,
July 9.

Sir, — I proceeded up this river with his
on ijesty*s vessels named in the margin*,
and anchored out of gun-shot of ihe bat-
tery at Cuxhaven, on the 7th inst. and,
as it was too strong to be attacked by his
majesty's vessels I was determined on
landing and taking it by storm, having
previously made the necessary prepara-
tions for that purpose. At day-light on
the morning of the 8th", I disembarked
with Capt. Watts, of the Ephira, and the
commanding officers, seamen, and ma-
rines, of the respective vessels : the first
boats that landed were fired upon by the
enemy's advanced posts, and they then
retreated to the battery. We marched on
to storm; but from our appearance, the
enemy thought proper to retreat, shout
80 in number, so that we took the battery
(which had six guns, 24-pour.ders, and
surrounded by a wet ditch) without oppo-
sition; his majesty's colours wen-
hoisted on the French flag-staff, and af-
terwards those of Hamburgh on the castle
of Kitzbuttle ; we then dismounted the
guns, and put them on board of *«
lying in the harbour, as. well as several
other small pieces of cannon, with all the

* Mosquito ("sloop), Briseis, Ephira, Eruiz-
er (pun-vessel), Centinel, Blazer, Pincher,
Basilisk, Patriot (schuyt), Altxi (cutter).

shot and military stores. The battery
was then undermined, and, by a variety
of explosions,, blown up. 1 then gave the
town of Cuxhaven in trust to the civil go-
vernor, and embarked all I n and
marines. Two French gun-boats, with
two guns each, which were lying in the
harbour, were also taken ; os ssion of.
Although we did not meet with the oppo-
sition that was expected (as the French
had sometimes 500 men, at other times
about 100 at Cuxhaven,) yet I think it
my duty to inform you of the activity and
good conduct of the commanders, com-
manding officers, seamen, and marines,
on this occasion j as it was partly from
their regularity in forming and marching
that induced the enemy to retreat.
Pettet, of the Briseis, commanded afloat,
and got that vessel under weigh to assist,
had it been necessary.

Admiralty-offi.ce, July22. This Gazette
announces the capture of the French na-
tional armed vessel, La Champenoise,
pierced for 12 guns, but mounting only
six, with 31 seamen and 52 sick and
wounded soldiers from Barcelona, by the
Renown, Capt. Durham.

Admiralty-office, July 29. This Ga-
zette announces the capture of the French
national schooner Le Beau Narcisse, of
eight guns and 55 men, by the Most Le
sloop, Capt. H. Boys.

<up.

Vol. II.

Admiralty-office, August 5. Extract of
a letter from Cap Per-

cola Point, July 6, to Sir J. Saumarez.

The Implacable and Melpomene having
stood into the gu area, captured

nine vaii of ve isels, n with timber,

spars, and cordage, b i to the Em-

peror of Russia, not,

will prove a Valuable acquisition ;
own dock-yard ;. The boats of the ships
under that active and v; /seer,

Lieut. Hawkey (of whose e
rit I had occasion to speak so highly when

i offDantzig) have looked into every creek

f along the south coast, of the gnlph, with-
out finding any vessels whatever ; anjd lie

, is now on the opposite side with the same

f view.

P. S. Since writing the above, Lieut.
Hawkey has returned with three vessels,
captured by the boats of the Implacable,
Melpomene, and Prometheus, under his
command; and he reports eight sail of
ST

iSG

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES*

gun -boats protecting some ships in shore,
and is very desirous of attacking them,
which shall be done, if there is a reason-
able hope of success.
H. M. S. Implacable, off Percola Point,
July 8.
Sir, — The position taken by the Russian
flotilla under Percola Point seemed so
much like a defiance, that I considered
something was necessary to be done, in
order to impress these strangers with that
sense of respect and fear, which his ma-
jesty's other enemies are accustomed to
shew to the British flag ; I therefore de-
termined to gratify the anxious wish of
Lieut. Hawkey to lead the boats of the
ships named in the margin*, which were
assembled by nine o'clock last night, and
proceeded with an irresistible zeal and in-
trepidity towards the enemy, who had the
advantage of local knowledge, to take a
position of extraordinary strength within
two rocks, serving as a cover to their
wings, and from whence they could pour
a destructive fire of grape upon our boats;
which, notwithstanding, advanced with
perfect coolness, and never tired a gun
til! actually touching the enemy, when
thev boarded sword in hand, and carried
all before them. I believe a more bril-
liant achievement does not grace the re-
cords of our naval history ; each officer
was impatient to be the leader in the at<-
tack, and each man zealous to emulate
their noble example, and the most com-
plete success has been the consequence of
such determined bravery : of eight gun-
boats, each mourning a thirty-two and
twenty-four pounder, and forty-six men,
six have been brought out, and one sunk ;
and the whole of the ships and vessels
(twelve in number,) under their protec-
tion, laden with powder and provisions
for the Russian army, brought out, and a
large armed ship taken and burnt. I have
deeply to lament the loss of many men
killed and wounded, and especially that
most valuable officer, Lieut. Ilawkev,
who, after taking one gun-boat, was kill-
ed by a grape-shot, in the act of boarding
the second. No praise from my pen can
do :.lequate justice to this lamented young
man: as an officer, he was active, correct,
and zealous, to the highest degree ; the
leader in every kind of enterprize, and
regardless of danger; he delighted in
whatever could tend to promote the glory

' Implacable, Bellerophon, Melpomene, and
PreHwthens.

of his country : his last words were*
" Huzza ! push on ! England for ever 1"
Mr. Hawkey had been away in the boats
on different services since last Monday,
accompanied by Lieut. Vernon, whose
conduct in this affair has been highly ex-
emplary, and shewn him worthy to be the
companion of so heroic a man : but while
I am induced to mention the name of Mr.
Vernon, from his constant services with
Mr. Hawkey, I feel that every officer,
seaman, and marine, has a claim to my
warmest praises, and will, I trust, obtain
your favourable recommendation to the
lords commissioners of the Admiralty.
Lieut. Charles Allen, of the Bellerophon,
was the senior officer after Mr. Hawkey's
death. I have just been informed, that
Lieut. Stirling of the Prometheus, who was
severely wounded, is since dead : his con-
duct in this affair was very conspicuous,
and Capt. Forrest speaks highly in praise
of the zeal and activity of his services on
every occasion. I am sure you will rea-
dily believe that'Capt. Forrest did not
witness the preparations for the attack,
without feeling an ardent desire to com-
mand it ; but I was obliged to resist his-
pressing importunity, as a matter of jus-
tice to Mr. Hawkey. The Russians have
suffered severely in this conflict ; the most
moderate statement makes it appear that
two-thirds of them have been killed and
wounded, or jumped overboard. Inclos-
ed is a list of killed and wounded, the
names of the officers employed, an ac-
count of vessels captured, and number of
prisoners. T. B. Mautin.

A list of killed and 'winded. — Implacable, 6'
killed, 17 wounded. — Bellerophon, 3 killed, 11
wounded. — Melpomene, 5 killed, 6 wounded.
— Prometheus, 3 killed, 3 wouuded. — Total,
17 killed, and 37 wounded.

Names <rf officers employed. — Implacable,
Lieuts. Hawkey (killed), Houghton, and Ver-
non ; Lieuts. Crackuell and Clarke, of the ma-
rines.— Bellerophon, Lieuts. Allen, Sheridan,
and Skekel; Lieuts. Kendall and Carrington,
of the marines — Melpomene, Lieut. Reuuie;
Lieut Gilbert, of the marines; Mr. J. B.
Mounteney, midshipman (killed). — Prome-
theus, Lieut Stirling (killed).

Report of Russian prisoners of war. — Impla-
cable, 3 seamen, 1 Serjeant, 10 privates (3
wounded).— Bellcrophou, J captain in the ar-
my, 1 midshipman, 9 seamen 13 wouuded), a
serjeants (3 wounded), 1 drummer, 87 privates
(42 wounded), of the Slst regiment, or regi-
ment of St. Peter — Melpomene, lli soldiers. — >
Total 187 prisoners, of whom 51 are wounded.
— The Russian officer reports (J3 killed; and
the number drowned is very great.

(Signed) T. fr MaBTIH.

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE EROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 487

Letter from Capt. Lord G. Stuart, to
Hear Aclm. Sir R. Strachan.

L'Aimable, off Cuxhaven, July 29.
Sir, — The French troops in Han oyer, not
content with frequent predatory and pira-
tical incursions in the neighbourhood of
Cuxhaven, had the audacity to enter the
village of Ritzbuttle with a body of horse
at mid-day, on Wednesday the 26th inst.
and very narrowly missed making several
officers of the squadron prisoners. In con-
sequence, I was induced to land a detach-
ment of seamen and marines from the
vessels composing the squadron under my
orders, for the purpose, if possible, of in-
tercepting them. In the ardour of pur-
suit, we advanced until we got sight of
the town of Breinerlehe, into which we
learnt they had retreated. The informa-
tion was incorrect. On entering the town
we were assured that the enemy, to the
number of about two hundred and fifty,
occupied the town of Gessendorff, two
miles distant; and further, that it contain-
ed a depot of confiscated merchandise.
It was resolved instantly to attack it. For :
this purpose Capt. Goate of the Mosquito,
advanced with a detachment, while I di-
rected Captain Pettet of the Briseis, to
take a circuitous route, and take a well-
constructed battery of four twelve-pound-
ers, commanding the river Weser in flank,
while the remainder, under my own im-
mediate directions, headed by Captain
Watts of the Ephira, advanced to attack
it in front. The road we had to pass sub-
jected us all to a galling lire of round and
grape from the battery, the guns of which
were all pointed towards us, and which in
return we could only answer by dischar-
ges of musketry. Gessendorff, though
certainly tenable with the numbers the
enemy had opposed to ours, was on the
approach of Capt. Goate precipitately
evacuated. The enemy, being previously
informed of our approach, had put into
requisition a number of light waggons for
the transportation of the foot, in the rear!
of which sixty well mounted cavalry drew I
up. The enemy in the battery, se< irig i
lis determined, notwithstanding their fire,
to carry our point, and that we were
making preparations for fording a deep
and wide creek in their front, abandoned
it, and embarked in boats on the Weser
ready for their reception, under a severe
fire of musketry from our detachment,
with the loss, on their part, of several
killed and wounded. Frcm a fore-know-

ledge of our intentions on the part of the
enemy, we made but four prisoners, the
commandant of the battery, Mons. Le
Murche, a lieutenant, and two inferior
officers. The hatterv guns were burst jn
pieces, the embrasures demolished, the
g"n-carriages burnt, together with the
magazine, guard-houses, &c. &c. The
powder we brought c x, together with
six waggon-loads of confiscated merchan-
dize. I beg leave to state to you, Sir,
for their lordships' information, how
much I feel indebted to Capt. Goate, for
the zeal and ability evinced by him on
this, as on all other occasions, during the
time he has been commanding officer on
the station — I also feel indebted to Capt.
Pettet, for his punctuality and prompt-
ness in executing my orders; and can
only regret that an opportunity was not
afforded him of distinguishing himself on
this occasion congenial to his wishes. But
I beg leave particularly to mention Capt.
Watts, of the Ephira, who in the most
gallant and active manner advanced in-
trepidly in front of the attacking party
amid the enemy's galling fire, and render-
ed himself equally conspicuous after-
wards, for his unremitting exertion in the
complete demolition of the battery ; in
the execution of which service, I am con-
cerned to say, he received a wound in the
leg, but which from its nature will in no
shape incapacitate him for future service.
A want of zeal and activity was discern-
ible no where ; to every officer and man
I must award the meed of praise so just iv
their due; but of Lieut. Burgess, of the
Pincher, and W. Hawkins, second lieu-
tenant of L'Aimable, I am more com-
petent to speak in favour, for their inde-
fatigable exertions in forwarding my or-
ders to the different detachments. The
distance from Gessendorff to Cuxhaven is
23 miles: I leave it then to their lord-
ships to estimate the spirit, alacrity, and
expedition, with which this service must
have been performed, when I state, that,
in 24 hours from our departure, the whole
detachment returned, and were safely
embarked on board their respective ships:,
without the loss of an individual.

(Signed) G. Stuaht.

London Gazette Extaordinary.

Downing- street, Aug. 7. The follow,
ing dispatches were received last night
from the Earl of Chatham,

3T2

488 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

Head- quarters, Middleburgh, Aug 2.

My Lord, — I have the honour of ac-
quainting your lordship, that having sail-
ed from the Downs early in the morning
of the 28th ult. with Rear-admiral Sir
Richard Stracnan, in his majesty's ship
Venerable, we arrived the same evening,
and anchored in the East Capelle Roads,
and were joined on the following morning
by the division of the army under Lieut. -
gen. Sir John Hope. It blew, in the
course of that day, a fresh gale from the
westward, which created a heavy swell ;
and the small craft being much exposed,
it was determined to seek shelter for them
in the anchorage of the Roompot, where
Lieut.-gen. Sir J. Hope's division was also
directed to proceed, in order to possess
such points as might be necessary to se-
cure the anchorage ; as well as with a
view to future operations up the East
Scheldt. — The left wing of the army un-
der Lieut.-gen. Sir Eyre Coote, particu-
larly destined for the operations against
Waicheren, arrived on the 29th and
morning of the 30lh ; but the wind con-
tinuing to blow fresh from the westward,
and occasioning a great surf on the
beach, both on the side of Zoutland, as
well as near Domburg, it became expe-
dient, in order to effect a landing, to
carry the whole fleet through the narrow
and difficult passages into the Vere Gat, hi-,
therto considered impracticable for large
ships; which being successfully accom-
plished, and the necessary preparations !
for debarkation being completed, I have
the satisfaction of acquainting your lord-
ship, that the troops landed on the Bree,
and about a mile to the westward of Fort
der Haak, without opposition, when a
position was taken up for the night on the
sand hills, with East C.'apelle in front.
Lieut.-gen. Fraser was detached imme-
diately to the left against Fort der Haak
and Ter Vere, the former of which, on
his approach, was evacuated by the ene-
my ; but the town of Vere, which was
strong in its defence, and had a garrison
of about 600 men, held out till yesterday
morning, notwithstanding the heavy and
well directed fire of the bomb-vessels and
gun-boats during the preceding day, and
until the place was closely invested. Ear-
ly on the morning of the 31st, a deputa-
tion from Middleburgh, from whence the
garrison had been withdrawn into Flush-
ing, arrived in camp ; terms of capitula-
tion were agreed upon, copies of which I

have the honour herewith to inclose, a«
well as that of the garrison of Ter Vere ;
and the divisions of the army, under the
orders of Lieut. - gen. Lord Paget and
Major-gen. Graham, moved forward,
and took up a position with the right to
Maliskirke, the center to Gryperskirke,
and the left to St. Laurens. — On the
morning of the 1st inst. the troops ad-
vanced to the investment of Flushing,
which operation was warmly contested
by the enemy. — In this moment he was
driven by Major-gen. Graham's division
on the right, from the batteries of the
Dykeshook, the Vygeter, and the Nole,
while Brig, -gen. Houston's brigade forc-
ed the enemy, posted on the road from
Middleburgh, to retire, with the loss of
4 guns, and many killed and wounded.
Lieut.-gen. Lord Paget's division also
drove in the posts of the enemy, and took
up his position at West Zouberg.

[His lordship here bestows great praise
on Lieut.-gen. Sir E. Coote, and the offi-
cers commanding -columns, likewise on
the light troops under Brig.- gen. Baron
Rottenburg, the 2d batt. of the Royals,
flank companies of the 4-th regiment, and
generally on the whole of the troops.]

Ter Vere being in our possession,
Lieut.-gen. Fraser's division marched in
the evening upon Ruttern, detaching a
corps for the reduction of Ramakins,
which, when effected, will complete tho
investment of Flushing. I have to regret
the temporary absence of Brig.-gen.
Browne, who was wounded late in the
day, but I trust not long to be deprived
ft' his services. — I have the honour to in-
close a return of the killed, wounded, and
missing. — Deeply as the fall of eveiy Bri-
tish soldier is at all times to be lamented,
the loss will not appear to have been
great, when the serious impediments it
was in the power of the enemy to oppose
to our progress are considered, as well as
the formidable state of the batteries of
Flushing, to which the troops were ne-
cessarily exposed. The pressure of cir-
cumstances has prevented the command-
ing officer of artillery from furnishing a
detailed account of the guns and ordnance
stores, taken in the several batteries, and
fortress of Ter Vere, but which will be
hereafter transmitted, with a return of
the prisoners taken since our landing,
supposed to amount to 1000. Commo-
dore Owen's squadron, with Lieut.-gen.
Marquis of Htfttley's division, remaias

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 489

at anchor in the Wieling Passage ; and the
divisions of Lieut. -gen. the Earl ofRoss-
lyn and Lieut. -gen. Grosvenor, arc ar-
rived at the anchorage in the Vere Gat.

[The dispatch concludes with acknow-
ledging the ability with which the fleet
was conducted through the passage into
the Vere Gat, and likewise the zealous
exertions of the officers of the navy, as
weil as the seamen in dragging the ar-
tillery through a heavy sand.] Chatham.

P. S. Since writing the above letter, I
have received intelligence from Lieut, -
gen. Sir. J. Hope, that the reserve of the
army had effected their landing on South
Beveland, and that a detachment had oc-
cupied the town of Goes.

[Articles of capitulation for the sur-
render of the town of Middleburgh fol-
low. They stipulate for the protection
of the peaceable citizens, as well as all
private property, on condition that all
fire-arms a;e given up, and the public
property accounted for to British com-
missioners appointed for that purpose.
Public functionaries and their families are
to be permitted to retire to any othtir
part of Holland. The capitulation of the
fortress of Vere is likewise appended.
The garrison surrender prisoners of war,
public proper;/ is to be delivered up, and
the inhabitants of the town are to be pro-
tected in their privileges.]

Prisoners taken at Ter Vere. — Artillery, 1
lieut. -colonel, l captain, 4 lieutenants, 7 Ser-
jeants, 9 corporals, 6 fire- workers, 5 artificers,
65 gunners, ] drummer. — Infantry, 4 captains,
4 first lieutenants, 5 second lieutenants, 4 s< r-
jeaut-majors, 13 serjeants, 4fouriers, 10 drum-
mers, 3 pipers, 323 soldiers. — Naval: of the
French guu-brig, Gawlen, 1 captain, 1 master,
17 sailois, i boy ; 1 seijeant, l corporal, ]3 pri-
vates (serving as marines). Total 519-

Total of killed, wounded, and missing, — 1 offi-
cer, g serjeants, 2 drummers, 41 rank and iiic
killed ; 13 officers, is serjeants, 1 drummer,
184 rank and tile wounded ; 34 rank and tile
missing.

Officers. — Killed, 3d batt. 1st foot, Lieut.
D. M'Lean. — Wounded, 3d batt. Jsl foot,
Capt. John Wilson, Lieut. Jackson, and Vo-
lunteer J. P. Drury, slightly ; 2 batt. 35th foot,
Capt. Tisdell, slightly ; Capt. Frederick (since
dead) ; 68th foot, Capt. Crespigny, Lieuts.
M' Donald and J. Menzies; 2d batt. 82dfoot,
Lieut. Reed, slightly; Lieut. Pratt, danger-
ously; 85th foot, Lieut. Buch. — Staff". 26th
foot, Capt. Fotheringbaro, dep. -assist. -adj.-
gen. slightly; 40th foot, Brig.-gen. Browne,
slightly; 62d foot, Capt. Browne, aid-de-
camp to Brig -gen. Houston, s!i<>litly.

Robt. Lon«, Col.- Adj. -Gen.

My Lord, — Since my loiter of yester-
day's date, I have received intelligence

from Lieut.-gen. Sir J. Hope, of his hav-
ing occupied Bathz, and taken possession
of the whole island of South Beveland. I
have also the satisfaction to acquaint your
lordship, that, upon the batteries being
prepared to open, the. fortress of Rama-
kins surrendered this evening, and I have
the honour to inclose the articles of capi-
tulation. Chatham.

Middleburgh, Aug. 3.

[The capitulation of the fortress of Ra-
makins here follows. The garrison, con-
sisting of only 127 men, surrendered pri-
soners of war.]

Admiralty -office, Aug. 7. Dispatches
brought by Lieut. J. Duncan, of the Ida
cutter, were received yesterday evening
from Sir J. Strachan.

Venerable, off the Vere CSat, Aug. 4.

Sir, — You have been already acquaint-
ed that I had hoisted my Hag in the Ame-
thyst, and that it was my intention to
have preceded the expedition, in com-
pany with the Venerable, on board which
ship Lord Chatham had embarked ; but
finding the public service might suffer
from the commanders in chief being se-
parated, I therefore shifted to the Vene-
J rable, and sailed from the Downs at day-
light, on the 28th ult. : I have now to
acquaint you, for their lordships' inform-
ation, of my arrival on the evening of
that day in the Stone Deeps, with the
Amethyst and several smaller vessels,
where I was joined by the Fisgard, Capt.
Bolton, who had with great judgment
placed vessels on the various shoals off"
this coast. After dark, Lieut. Groves, of
this ship, with some skilful pilots in Deal
boats, were dispatched to sound the
Roompot channel, and to station vessels
at its entrance. Early next morning, the
29th* the division of Lieut.-gen. Sir J.
Hope, conducted by Capt. Bathurst, in
the Salsette, joined me, as did also Rear-
admiral Sir R. Keates in the Superb. This
zealous officer had the command of the
blockading squadron oft' the entrance of
the Scheldt ; but observing the armament
pass, he, with his usual promptitude, left
that squadron under the orders of Lord
Gardner, and resumed the charge of Sir
J. Hope's division; I therefore directed
the rear-admiral to shift his flag to the
Salsette, and to proceed to the Roompot.
The entrance to that channel is very nar-
row ; and as I was aware of Sir H. Pop-
ham's local knowledge of the insular na-
vigation before me, I entrusted to that

£90 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

officer the service of leading Sir R.Keates*s
division in, and which he did with great
skill in the Sabrina, Capt. Kittoe ;. the
whole were anchored in safety opposite
Zeerickzee, situated between the islands
of Schowen and North Beveland. That
afternoon, Rear-admiral Oiway, with
the left wing of the army, under Sir E.
Coote, joined me in the Slone Deeps, but
it blew too fresh to have auy communi-
cation. On the morning of the 30th, Sir
H. Popharn returned with a letter from
»^ir R. Keates, acquainting me that the di-
vision under his charge were all safely
anchored : and I was likewise informed
that there was sufficient space in the
Roompot to contain all the ships ; to
which anchorage Sir H. Popham under-
took to conduct them ; and as it blew
fresh, with all the appearance of an ap-
proaching gale, the squadron was instant-
ly got under sail, and led in by the Ve-
nerable, when they all came to in safety
off the Vere Gat. — As soon as the ships
were secured, measures were instantly
taken to prepare to land the army on the
Island of Walcheren. I did not wait for
the gun -boats coming up, but ordered
those which happened to be near the Ve-
nerable, together with the mortar-brigs,
to push in shore, to cover the landing,
and to force the Derhaak battery. At
half-past four the boats put off under the
direction of Lord Amelius Beauclcrc, of
the Royal Oak, and Capt. Coekburn, of
the Belleisle, and the troops were landed
in excellent order, without opposition;
the firing from the mortar and gun-ves-
jsels having driven the enemy completely
from the Derhaak battery. Having thus
accomplished this first object, I lost no
time in directing the bombs and gun-
vessels to proceed up the Vere Gat, off
Camvere ; and having given Sir II. Pop-
tiam, who, at the request of Lord Chat-
ham, had remained on shore with his
lordship, permission to employ them as
the service might require, he the next
morning began to cannonade Camvere,
which had been summoned, but held out.
The fire of the gun-boats was exceeding-
ly well directed, and did much damage
to the town. — The officers and crews en-
gaged in that service had a great claim
to my admiration for their conduct. —
Three of our gun-boats were sunk. In
the afternoon it blew fresh, and as the
strength of the tide prevented the bombs
feom acting, I directed the flotilla to fall

back, preserving a menacing position. —
At night, Capt. Richardson of the Caesar,
who was on the Dyke on shore, threw
some rockets at the nearest battery of
Camvere, and soon after the command-
ing officer of the town sent out an offer
to surrender. A copy of the terms ac-
ceded to by Lieut.-gen. Fraser and Cap-
tain Richardson, the senior naval officer
on the spot, accompanies this letter. — •
The army under Sir John Hope landed
at South Beveland on the first of this
month, and by a letter from Sir R. Keates,
of yesterday's date, I find the whole of
the island is in our possession : the ene-
my's ships are all above Lillo, and those
most advanced, as high up as Antwerp.
We are getting our flotilla through the
Slough into the Western Scheldt, to pre-
vent succours being thrown into Flushing
by the canal of Ghent.

[The letter concludes with acknow-
ledging the particular services of Rear-
admiral Otvvay, Sir R. Keates, Lord
Bcauclerc, and Captain Coekburn, and
generally all the officers and seamen of
his majesty's ships.]

(Signed) R. J. Stbachan,

P. S. I send this by Lieutenant Dun-
can, whose cutter, the Ida, was close in
shore, and covered the landing.

[Another letter from Admiral Sir R.
Strachan, dated off the Vere Gat, Aug. 5,
follows. It states, that in consequence
of the surrender of the fort of Ramakius,
he will be enabled to advance the whole
of the flotilla, together with the Camilla
and Pallas, by the Slough, which would
prevent the enemy from throwing suc-
cours into Flushing, either from Cadsand
or by the Ghent channel ; announces the
admiral's intention to leave the command
of that division with Rear-admiral Otway,
and to return to the flotilla, there to hoist
his flag in one of the small vessels in
the Slough, that he might conduct the
various services in the West Scheldt.]
Sabrina, offSoutlt, Beveland, Aug, 1.

Sir, — I have the satisfaction to inform
you, that Sir John Hope and 7000 of his
division of the army were landed on South
Beveland this afternoon, since which I
have been informed by message from
him, that he was met on his approach to-
wards Goes by the magistrates, into
which place he is at liberty to enter
whenever he pleases. Three of the ene-
my's ships of the line, and six brigs, ar«
at anchor off the east end of South Beve-

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 49t

land ; the others, I conclude, have moved
higher up the Scheldt. — Three of the four
sloops I brought up with me struck in
coming up. I have hoisted my Hag in
the Sabrina, and am not without hopes
of getting the remaining parts of the di-
vision on shore, and most part of the
army supplied to-morrow.

R. G. Keates.
Half -past seven, P. M. — ■ The sub-
stance of this letter was sent by tele-
graphic communication from the Sabrina,

at Hve o'clock. The six bri^s are a;ettmi>;
o o o

under sail, and "moving up the Scheldt
apparently, but the ships of the line are
still fast.

Sabrina, off Wemeldlnge, Aug. 3. —
Soon after I landed, I was informed by
letters from Sir John Hope, that Bathz
had been evacuated in the night ; and as
he informed me the communication was
open between Walcheren and this island,
and he had sent to Lord Chatham an ac-
count of the evacuation, 1 concluded you
would hear it from hence, and went to
Bathz with a view to make observations,
and from which I am this moment re-
turned. R. G. Keates.
Sir R. J. Strachan, Bart. fyc.

Downing-street, Aug. 11. Dispatches
from Sir Arthur Wellesley, K. B.

Place n t ia, \5th July.

My Lord, — After I had written to your
lordship on the 1st instant, Joseph Bona-
parte crossed the Tagus again, and joined
Sebastiani with the troops he had brought
from Madrid, and with a detachment
from Marshal Victor's corps, making the
corps of Sebastiani about '28,000 men,
with an intention of attacking Venegas'
corps. Venegas, however, retired into the
mountains of the Sierra Morena, and Col.
Larey with his advanced guard, attacked
a French advanced corps in the night,
and destroyed many of them. The French
troops then returned again to theTagus,
which river Joseph had crossed with the
reinforcement which he had taken to Se-
bastiani's corps ; and this last corps, con-
sisting of 10,000 men only, was on the
left bank of the Tagus, about Madridejos,
in front of Venegas, who was again ad-
vancing. The last accounts from this
quarter were of the 8th. The French
army under Victor, joined by the de-
tachments brought by Joseph from Se-
bastiani's corps, and amounting in the
whole to about 35,000 men, are concen-

trated in the neighbourhood of Talavera,
and on theAlberche. Gen. Cuestasarmy
has been in the position which 1 informed
your lordship that it had taken up since
I addressed you on the 1st instant. The
advanced guard of the British army ar-
rived on the 8th, and the troops that were
with me on the Tagus arrived by the
10th; the 23d light dragoons and the
48th, yesterday ; the 01st regiment will
arrive to-morrow. I went to Gen. Cues-*
ta's quarters at Almarez on the 10th, and
stayed there till the 12th, and I have ar-
ranged with that general a plan of ope-
rations upon the French army, which
we are to begin to carry into execution on
the 18th, if the French should remain so.
long jn their position. The Spanish army
under Gen. Cuesta consists of about
38,000 men. (exclusive of Venegas'g
corps), of which 7000 are cavalry. — >
About 14,000 men are detached to the?
bridge of d'Arzobispo, and the remainder
are in the camp under the Puerto d$
Mirabete. I have the pleasure to in-
form your lordship, that the seven batta-
lions of infantry from Ireland and the
islands, and the troops of horse artillery
from Great Britain, arrived at Lisbon iij
the beginning of the month. Gen. Crau-
ford'a brigade is on its march to join the.
army, but will not arrive here till the
24th or 25th. Arthuk Wellesley.

Talavera de la Reyna, July 24.
My Lord, — According to the arrange-
ment which I had settled with Gen. Cues-
ta, the army broke up from Pjacentia on
the 17th and 1,8th inst. and reached Oro-
pesa on the. 20th, where it formed a junc-
tion with the Spanish army under his com-
mand. Sir R. Wilson had marched from
the Venta <ie Bazagon, op t he Teirar, with
the Lusitanian legion, a battalion of Por-
tuguese chasseurs, and two Spanish bat-
talions on the 1.5th; he arrived at Are-
nas on the l:Uh, and on the Albeit!
Lscalona, on the 23d. Gen. Venegas
had also been directed to break up from
Madridejos on the 13th and 19th, and to
march by Trenbleque and Ocana to Pu-
ente-Duenas on the Tagus, where that
river is crossed by a ford, and thence to
Arganda, where he was to arrive on the
22d and 23d. On the 22d the combined
armies moved from Oropesa, and the
advanced guards attacked the enemy's
out-posts at Talavera. Their right was
turned by the 1st hussars and the .'3d
light dragoons, under Gen. Ab$oh, di-

492 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE*.

rected by Lieut. -gen. Payne, and by the j
division of infantry under the command
of Maj.rgen. Mackenzie ; and they were
driven in by the Spanish advanced guards
under the command of Gen. Sarjas and
the Doc d'Albuquerque. We lost 1 1
horses by the fire of cannon from the
enemy's position on the Alberche, and
the .Spaniards had some men wounded.
The columns were formed for the attack
of this position yesterday, but the attack
was postponed till this morning by de-
sire of Gen. Cuesta, when the difierent
corps destined for the attack were put in
motion; but the enemy had retired as
about one in the mqrning to Santa Olal-
]a, and thence towards Torrijo — I con-
clude, to form a junction with the corps
under Gen. Sebastian!. I have not been
able to fellow the enemy as I could wish,
on account of the great deficiency of
means of transport in Spain. I inclose
the copy of a letter, which I thought it
proper to address upon this subject to
Maj.-gen. O'Donoghue, the adjutai
neral of the Spanish army, as soon as I
found that this country would furnish no
means of this description. Gen. (
has urged the Central Junta to adopt vi-
gorous measures to relieve our wants:
till I am supplied, I do not think it pro-
per, and indeed I cannot, continue my
operations. I have great hopes, how-f
eyer, that before long 1 shall be supplied
from Andalusia and La Mancha with the
means which I require; and I shall then
resume the active operations which 1 have
been compelled to relinquish.

Arthur Weelesley.
The following dispatches have, been re-
ceived from the Earl of Chatham.
Head- Quarters, Middleburgh, Aug. 7.
My Lord, — Nothing very material has
occurred since my last dispatch of the 3d
inst. We have been unremittingly em-
ployed in bringing up the artillery of
siege, ammunition, and stores, to the vi-
cinity of Flushing ; and the troops have
been occupied in the construction of the
batteries, and in carrying on the several
works before the place, but which have
been necessarily interrupted by the very
heavy rains which have fallen here. — The
enemy is active and enterprising, and the
garrison has certainly received con i •!.
able reinforcements from the opposite
coast ; nor has it been in the power of
the flotilla hitherto to prevent it. Under
these circumstances it has been found

necessary to land Lieut.-gen. Grosvenor'a
divisions ; and the two light battalions of
the King's German legion have been
also for the present brought on shore.' — •
Immediately on the fall of Ra'makins \
determined, as soon as the necessary ar-
rangements were made, to pass the in-
fantry of Lieut.-gen. the Earl of Ross*
lyn's corps, together with the Marquis
of Huntley's division, and the light bri-
gades of artillery, into South Beveland,
to form a junction with the reserve under
Lieut.-gen. Sir J. Hope; and that the ca-
valry and ordnance ships, together with
the transports for Lieut.-gen. Grosvenor's
division, the moment their services could
be spared from before Flushing, should
be brought through the Slough Passage,
and proceed up the West Scheldt; but of
course this latter operation cannot lake
place until a sufficient naval force shall
have been enabled to enter the river, and
to proceed in advance ; but the very se-
vere blowing weather we have constantly
need, added to the great difficulty
of the navigation, has hitherto baffled all
their efforts. 13y letters from Lieut.-gen,
Sir J. Hope, I find that the enemy had,
on the 5th instant, come down with about
2S gun-swivels before Balhz, on which
place they kept up a smart cannonade for
some hours, but were forced to retire by
the guns from the fort, .and every thing
has sinee remained quiet in that quarter.
Chatham.

Total of killed, icounded, and missing s'.vce
lustre?:: J (o Ji^. 6, inclusive. — 1 as-

sistant surgeon, 25 rank and file killed ; l ma-
jor, 6 lieutenants, 2 ensigns, 4 Serjeants, 144
rank and file wounded ; 4 rank and file missing.

< \ ,'c. rs lilted and wounded. — 26th foot, Lieut.
Maxwell, dangerously wounded ; 6stli foot,
Major Thompson, dangerously wounded ;
Lieut. H. C. Muids, and Ensign A. Thomp-
son, slightly wounded.—- -71st foot, Assistant-
surgeon H. Uuin, killed; Lieut. D. Fletcher,
slightly wounded. — 81st foot, Lieut. K. Mont-
gomery, slightly wounded. — 95th foot, Lieut.
Hambly, slightly wounded. »— Embodied de-
tachment, Ensign Addison, of the 6th regi-
ment, slightly wounded. — Staff corps, Lieut.
A. Taylor, slightly wounded. K. Long.

Middleburgh, Aug. 8.

My Lord, — Since inclosing my dis-
patch of yesterday's date, the enemy,
towards five o'clock in the evening, in
considerable force, made a vigorous sor-
tie upon the right of our line, occupied
by Major-gen. Graham's division. The at-
tack was principally directed upon our ad-
vanced piquets, winch were supported by
the 3d battalion of the Royals, the 5th

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FlioM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 49'

and 3 5th regiments under Colonel Hay.
These corps, together with detachments
of the royal artillery, the 'J5th and light
battalions of the king's German legion,
received the enemy with their accustom-
ed intrepidity ; and, after a sharp contest
of some duration, forced him to retire with
very considerable loss m killed, wounded,
and prisoners. In this affair the enemy
has had another opportunity of witnessing
the superior gallantry of British troops:
in no instance has he succeeded in mak-
ing the least impression throughout our
line ; and, on this occasion, so far from
profiting by his attempt, he has been
obliged to relinquish some very advanta-
geous ground, where our advanced posts
are now established. I cannot too strongly
express my sense of the unremitting vigi-
lance and abililv manifested by Major-
gen. Graham, in securing and maintain-
ing his post against the repeated ai tempts
of the enemy to dislodge him ; and I have
great satisfaction in acquainting your lord-
ship, that the major-general mentions, in
terms of the warmest approbation, the
distingtfishe'd conduct and gallantry of
the officers and troops engaged on this
occasion. . Chatham.

[Here follows an abstract return of ord-
nance, ammunition, and stores, taken
from the enemy.]

Total of killed, wounded, and missing, in the
affair 6f the 7 th August, — l serjeant, u rank
ami file killed; i captain, 4 lieutenants, 3eo-
■igUB, 7 Serjeants, 126 rank and tile -wounded ;
1 brevet- nitLjor, 4 rank and file missing

Officers uiounded and thisspng. — IJovil artil-
lery, Lieut. Grant, slightly wounded. — 5th
foot, Brevet-- major Bird, missing supposed to
be taken prisoner ; Capt. Hamilton, danger-
ously wounded ; Lieut. C. Bird, Ensigns Gal-
braith and Walton, slightly. — Q5th foot, Lieut.
Clark, danrri'iously. — 1st light uatt. king's
German legion, Lieut. F. du Fay and Ensign
F. Hedeman, dangerously.

[This Gazette also contains the copies
of two letters, transmitted by Lord Col-
lin gwood, from Capt J. Brent on, of the
Spartan. The first, dated Trieste, April
27, mentions an attack made on the 23d by
the Amphion and Mercury, in conjunc-
tion with the Spartan, against the town of
Pesaro, when 13 small vessels, laden with
oil, hemp, leather, candles, &c. were cap-
tured, a number of others sunk, and the
castle which commanded the entrance o!
the harbour, exploded. The second, daeti
oil' Hovigno, May 5, states, that, in con-
sequence of two vessels having been
chased by the Spartan aud Mercury uko

Sup. Vol. II.

the port of Ceseratico, the entrance of
which was defended by a battery of two
24- pounders, an attack was made upon
the castle and town by the boats, after
the batterv had been silenced by the
ships, and both carried. Twelve vessels
laden with corn were captured in the har-
bour, as well as' several others in ballast,
which were afterwards tilled with hemp
and iron out of the magazines : the castle
and magazines were destroyed, and the
guns of the batteries spiked. Not a man,
was killed or wounded in the above at-
tacks. Capts. Hoste and Duncan, with
Lieuts. Willis, Philott, Banmguardtt, and
Moore, are highly praised by Capt. Bren*
ton, for the energy, skiM, and judgment,
they displayed.]

Doivning-street, Aug. 15. The follow-
ing dispatches were this day received
from Sir Arthur Wellesley.

Talavera de la Reyna, July 29.

My Lord, — Gen. Cuesta followed the
enemy's march with his army from the
Alberche, on the morning of the 24th,
as far as Santa Olalla, and pushed for-
ward his advanced guard as far as Torri-
jos. For the reasons stated to your lord-
ship in my dispatch of the 24-th, I moved
oidy two divisions of infantry and a bri-
gade of cavalry across the Alberche to
Casalegos, under the command of Lieut. -
gen. Sherbrooke, with a view to keep up
the communication between Gen. Cuesta
and me, and with Sir R. Wilson's corps
at Lscalona. It appears that Gen. Vane-
gas had not carried into execution that
part of tha plan of operations which re-
lated to his corps, and that he was still
at Damiel, in LaMancha ; and the ene-
my, in the course of the 2 Uh, 25th, and
26th, collected all his forces in this part
of Spain, between Torrijos and Toledo,
leaving but a small corps of 2000 men in
that place. His united army thus con-
sisted of the corps of Marshal Victor, of
that of Gen. Sebastiani, and of 7 or 8000
men, the guards of Joseph Bonaparte,
and the garrison of Madrid ; and it was
commanded by Joseph Bonaparte, aided
by Marshals Jourcian and Victor, md
Gen. Sebastiani. On the 26'tb, Gen. Cu-
esta's advanced guard was attacked ntar
Torrijos, and obliged to fall back ; and the
general retired with his army on that day
to the left bank of the Alberche, General
Sherbrooks continuing at Casalegos, and
the enemy at Santa Olalla. It ffaa thsa

49<i INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FItOM THE LONDON GAZETTE*.

obvious that the enemy intended to try
the result, of a general action, for which
the best position appeared to be in the
neighbourhood of Talavera: and General
Cuesta having consented to take up this
position on the morning of the 27th, 1
ordered Gen. Sherbrooke to retire with
his corps to its station in the line, leav-
ing Gen. Mackenzie with a division of in-
fantry and a brigade of cavalry, as an
advanced post, in the. wood, on the right
of Alberche, which covered our left flank.
The position taken up by the troops at
Talavera extended rather more than two
miles ; the ground was open upon the
left, where the British army was station-
ed, and it was commanded bv a height,
on which was, in echellon and in second
line, a division of infantry, under the or-
ders of Major-gen. Hill. There was a
valley between this height, and a range
of mountains still farther upon the left ;
which valley was not at first occupied, as
it was commanded by the height before-
mentioned ; and the range of mountains
appeared too distant to have any influ-
ence upon the expected action. The
right, consisting of Spanish troops, ex-
tended immediately in front of the town
of Talavera down to the TagU9. This part
of the ground was covered by olive-trees,
and much intersected by banks and ditch-
es. The high road leading from the,
bridge over the Alberche, was defended
by a heavy battery in front of a church,
which was occupied by Spanish infantry.
All the avenues to the town were defend-
ed in a similar manner ; the town was
occupied., and the remainder of the Spa-
nish infantry was formed in two lines be-
hind the banks, on the roads leading
from the town and the right, to the left of
our position. In the center, between the
two armies, there was a commanding spot
■of ground, on which we had commenced
to construct a redoubt, with some open
ground in its rear. Brig.-gen. A. Camp-
bell was posted at this spot with a division
of infantry, supported in his rear by Gtn.
Cotton's brigade of dragoons and some
Spanish cavalry. At about two on the 27th,
the enemy appeared in strength on the
left bank of the Alberche, and manifested
an intention to attack Gen. Mackenzie's
division. The attack was made before
they could be withdrawn ; but the troops,
consisting of Gen. Mackenzie's and Col.
Donkin's brigades, and Gen. Anson's bri-
gade of gavairy, and supported by Gen.

Payne, with the other four regiments of
cavalry, in the plain between Talavera
and the wood, withdrew in good order,
but with some loss, particularly by the-
2d battalion, 87th regimen, and 2d bat-
talion, 31st regiment, in the wood. Upon
this occasion, the steadiness and disci-
pline of the 1.5th regiment, and the 5th
batt. tiOth regt. were conspicuous ; and 1
had particular reason for being satisfied
with the manner in whicli Maj.-gen. Mac-
kenzie withdrew his advanced guard. As
the day advanced, the enemy appeared
in large numbers on the right of the Al-
berche, and it was obvious that he wa»
advancing to a general attack on the com-
bined army. Gen. Mackenzie continued
to fall back gradually upon the left of the
position of the combined armies, where he
was placed in the second line, in the rea?
of fhe guards; Col. Donkin being placed
in the same situation farther upon th»
left, in the rear of the king's German le-
gion. The enemy immediately com-
menced his attack in the dusk of the
evening, by a cannonade upon the left
of our position, and by an attempt, witU
his cavalry, to overthrow the Spanish in-
fantry, posted, as I have before stated,,
on the right. This attempt failed en-
tirely. Early in the night he pushed a
division along the valley, on the left of
the height occupied by Gen. Hill, of
which he gained a momentary posses-
sion ; but Major -gen. Hill attacked it
instantly with the bayonet, and regained
it. This attack was repeated in the night,
but failed ; and again at daylight in the
morning of the 28th, by two divisons of
infantry, and was repulsed by Major-
gen. Hill. Major-gen. Hill has reported
to me, in a particular manner, the con-
duct of the 29th regiment, and of the
1st battalion, 48th regiment, in these
different affairs, as well as that of Major-
gen. Tilson and Brig.-gen. Richard Stew-
art. We have lost many brave officer*
and soldiers in the defence of this im-
portant point in our possession : among
others, I cannot, avoid to mention Brig.-
gen. Fordyce and Brig.-major Gardner ;
and Major-gen. Hill was himself wound-
ed, but I am happy to say, but slightly.
The defeat of this attempt was followed
about noon by a general attack with the
enemy's whole force upon the whole of
that part of the position occupied by the-
British army. In consequence of the
repeated attempts upon the height on out

INTETtESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 493

left by the valley, I had place;! two bri-
gades of British cavalry in that valley,
supported in the rear by the Due d'Al-
buouerque's division of Spanish cavalry.
The enemy then placed infantry in

the rani '.' mountains on the left of the
falley, vhich were opposed by a division
of Span;, h infantry under Lieut. -gen. De
Bassecourt. The general attack, began
by tiie march of several columns of in-
fantry into the valley, with a view to at-
tack the height occupied by Major-gen.
Hill. These columns were immediately
charged by the; 1st German light dra-
goons, <;n i 23d dragoons, under the com-
mand of Gen. Anson, directed by Lieut. -
gen. Payne, and supported by General
Fane's brigade of heavy cavalry ; and al-
though the 23d dragoons suffered consi-
derable loss, the charge had ihe effect of
preventing the execution of that part of
the enemy's plan. At the same time, he
directed an attack upon Brig.-gen. Alex.
Campbell's position in the center of the
combined armies, and on the right of the
British. This attack was most success-
fully repulsed by Brig.-gen. Campbell,
supported by the king's regiment of Spa-
nish cavalry, and two battalions of Spa-
nish infantry ; and Brig.-gen. Campbell
took the enemy's cannon. The brig.-
gen. mentions particularly the conduct of
the 97 th, the 2d battalion 7th, and of the
2d battalion 53d regiments ; and I was
highly satisfied with the manner in which
this part of the position was defended.
An attack was also made, at the same
time, upon Lieut. -gen. Sherbrooke's di-
vision, which was on the left and center
of the 1st line of the British army. This
attack was most gallantly repulsed by a
charge with bayonets, By the whole di-
vision; but the brigade of guards, which
were on the right, having advanced too
far, they were exposed on their left flank
to the fire of the enemy's battery, and
of their retiring columns ; and the divi-
sion was obliged to retire towards fheori-i
ginal position, under cover of the. 2d line
of General Cotton's brigade of cavalry,
which I had moved from the center, and
of the 1st battalion 48th regiment. I had
moved this regiment from its original
position on the heights as soon as I ob-
served the advance of the guards ; and it
was formed in the plain, and advanced
upon the enemy, and covered the forma-
tion of Lieut.-gen. Sherbrooke's division.
Soon after the repulse of this general at-

tack, in which apparently all the enemy's
troops were employed, he commenced
his retreat across the Alberche, which
was conducted in the most regular order,
and was effected during the night, leaving
in onr hands 20 pieces of cannon, am-
munition, tumbtfls, and some prisoners.
Your lordship will observe, by the in-
closed return, the great loss which u e
have sustained of valuable officers and
soldiers in this long and hard-fought ac-
tion, with more than double onr number :
that of the enemy has been much greater.
1 am informed, that entire brigades of in-
fantry have been destroyed ; and, indeed,
the battalions that retreated were much
reduced in numbers. By all accounts,
their loss is 10,000 men. Gens. Laptsse
and Morlot are killed ; Gens. Sebastian!
and Boulet wounded. I have particularly
to lament the loss of Major. -gen. Mac-
kenzie, who had distinguished himself on
the 27th ; and of Brig.-gen. I angworth,
of the king's German legion ; and of
Brig.-maj. Beckett, of the guards. — Your
lordship will observe, that the attacks of
the enemy were principally, if not en-
tirely, directed against the British troops.
The Spanish commander in chief, his <.ff-
cers, and troops, manifested every depo-
sition to render us assistance ; and those
of them which were engaged, did their
duty : but the ground which they occu-
pied was so important, and its front at iho
same time so difficult, that I did not think
it proper to urge them to make any move-
ment on the left of the enemy while he
was engaged with us. I have reason to
be satisfied with the conduct of all the
offices and troops. f*am much indebted
to Lieut.-gen. Sherbrooke for the assist-
ance I received from him, and for the
maimer in which he led on his division to
the charge with bayonets. To Lieut.-
gen. Payne and the cavalrv, particularly
Gen. Anson's brigade"; to Major-gens.
Hill and Tilson, Brig.-gens. A. Campbell,
R. Stewart, and Cameron, and to the di-
visions and brigades of infantry under
their commands respectively, particularly
; the 29th regiment, commanded by Col.
; White; the 1st battalion 48th, by Col.
| Donnelan, afterwards, when that officer
j was wounded, by Major Micidlemore ;
the 2d batt. 7th, by Lieut.-col. Sir W.
Myers; the 2d batt. 53d, by Lieut.-col.
Bingham ; the 97th, by Col. Lyon ; the
1st battalion of detachments, by Lieut.-
col. Bunbury ; and the 2d batt. 31st, by

s 1" ii

496 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM T.KE LONDON GAZETTES.

Major Watson ; and of the 45th, by
Lieut.-col. Guard ; and 5th batt. OOth,
commanded by Major Davie of the 27th.
The advance of the brigade of guards
was most gallantly conducted by Brig.-
gen. Campbell ; and, when necessary,
that brigade retired, and formed again in
the best order. The artillery, under Brig.-
gen. Howorth, was also, throughout these
Hays, of the greatest service ; and I have
every reason to be satisfied with the as-
sistance I received from the chief engi-
neer, Lieut.-col. Fletcher; the Adj. -gen. -
brig.-gen. the lion. C. Stewart, ami the
Quarter-master-gen. Col. Murray, and
the officers of those departments respect-
ively J and from Col. Bathurst and the
officers of my personal staff. I also re-
ceived much assistance from Col. Q'Law-
ler, of the Spanish service; and from
Brig.-gen.Whittingham, who was wound-
ed when bringing up the two Spanish bat-
talions to the assistance of Brig.-gen. A.
Campbell. I send this by Captain Lord
Fitzroy Somerset, who will give your lord-
ship any farther information, and whom I
beg to recommend. A. Wellesley.
Officers killed, wounded, and missing, on the

'2}l/) Jul}/.

Killed. — General staff, Capt. P. Bovce, 8lst
regiment, dep.-adj.-^en. ; Coldstream Guards,
Lieut.-col. Ross; ad batt. 3lst foot, Captain
Lodge; 1st batt. 83th foot, Lieuts- Gray do u
and M'Carthy; 1st batt. detachments, Lieut.
M'Dougal, 01st re'gt ; 2d batt. 87th foot, En-
sign La Serre.

Wounded — 1st Light dragoons, king's Ger-
man legion, Lieut. Hcimbruck, severely in the
arm ; royal engineers, Capt. Boothby, severely
in the thigh ; 1st batt. Coldstream guards,
Capt. and Adjt. Bryan, severely, 09th foot,
Lieut. Popham, severely; 2d batt. 31st foot,
Capt. Coleman, Lieut, 6. Beamish, severely ;
Ensigns Gamble and Sorden, slightly ; 1st batt
45th foot, Lieut.-col. Guard, severely ; 5th
batt. 6'ith foot, Capt. Wolf, severely; 1st batt.
6jst foot, Major Cpghlan, severely; 2d batt.
B/th foot, Capt. Macrca, severely; Capt. So-
lnersall, slightly; Lieut. Kavanali, slightly;
Lieuts. Bagnall, Kingston, Johuson, and Cor-
ral, severely; Ensign Moore, slightly ; En-
signs Knox and Butler, severely; rifle corps
king's German legion, Capt. During, slightly ;
Lieut. Holle, severely; 7th line king's Ger-
man legion, Adjt. Deli us, severely-

Missing. — 1st batt. detachments, Captain
Poole, 52d foot; Capt. Walsh, 91st foot;
Lit at. Cameron, 79th foot.

Officers killed, 28lk July. — General staff.
JVIajor.-gen. Mackenzie and Brig.-gen. Lang
worth; Coldstream guards, Capt. Beckett,
brig.-major to the brigade of guards; 43d foot
Capt. Gardner, brig.-major to Brig.-gen. R.
fttewart ; 23d dragoons, Lieuts. King and
Powell; 1st batt. Coldstream guards, Ensign
Barker 5 royal artillery, Lieut. Wyatt j 1st

batt. 3d guards, Capts. Walker, Buchanan,
Dalrymple, Ensign Ram, Adjt. Irby; 3d batt.
7th foot, Lieut. Beaufoy: l si batt. 61st foot,
Major F. Orpen, Capt. H. James, Lieut. D.
Haimes; 2d batt. 83d foot, Lieut.-col. Gor-
don, Lieuts. Dallruau, Montgomery, Flood ;
1st batt. sstl- foot, Capt. B lake 1st light batt,
king's German legion, Capt. Ycrsalle, Capt. H.
Hodenberg.

Y010.IL tiled. — "ive general staff, o lieut. -co-
lonels, 1 major, 7 captains, IS lieutenants, 3
cornets or euMgns, 1 adjutant, 2s Serjeants, 4
drummers, 7. '.5 rank a ~<\ file. — Wounded, yge-
neral staff, 10 lieut.-colenels, is majors, 53
i s, 7 1 lieutenants, 34 cornets or ensigns,
u adjutants, 65 Serjeants, 16 drummers, 3537
rank and file. — .) issing, 5 captains, 3 lieute-
nants, i cornet <>. ensign, 15. s< rjeants, 9 drum-
mers, 620 rank and file; totai, 5367.

[Here follows a return of horses,
amounting to 211 killed, 74 wounded,
and 159 missing.]

Return of ordnance, &e. taken in the battle
of the 28th July. — 4 8 -pounders, 4 6-ditto, 1
4-ditto, 1 G- inch howitzer, 2 tumbrils, com-
plete in ammunition, taken by Brig.-gen. A.
Campbell's brigade; <i pieces of ordnance, 16-
inch howitzer, left by the enemy, and found,
in the woods; 1 standard, taken by the 29th
regiment ; l oijto, destroyed by ditto; 3stand-
ards, taken by the king's German legion

Cu^ni.Fs Stewart.
Brig.-gen Adjt.-gen.

From Sir A. Wellesley, Talavera, Aug. I.

Since I had the honour of addressing
you on the 2Pth July, the enemy have
continued to keep a rear- guard of about
10,000 men on the heights to the left of
the Alberche. The extreme fatigue of
the troops, the want of provisions, and
the number of wounded to be taken care
of, have prevented me from moving from,
this position. Brig.-gen. Crauford arriv-
ed with his brigade on the 29th in the
morning, having marched 12 Spanish
leagues in little more than 24 hours.
From Sir A. Wellesley, Talayera, Aug. I .

When I addressed you this morning, I
had not received the report from our out-
posts. It appears that the enemy with-
drew the rear-guard, which was posted
on the heights on the left side of the Al-
berche, last night at 1 1 o'clock, and the
whole army inarched towards Santa
Olalla, I conclude, with an intention of
taking up a position in the neighbourhood
of Guadarama.

Admiralty-office, August 19. The fol-
lowing dispatches have been received
from Sir R. J. Strachan, Bart. K. B.
Rear-admiral of the White, &,c. address-
|f ed to the Hon. W. W. Pole.

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONEON GAZETTES. 4#7

Kangaroo, in the West Scheldt,
off the Kalnot, Aug. 11.
Sir, — I beg leave to acquaint you, for
the information of the lords commissioners
of the Admiralty, that I am this moment
going up to Bathz, in South Bevejand,
which has been attacked by a strong de-
tachment of the enemy's flotilla, and
which, by Sir R. Keates's reports, consists
of two frigates, one bearing a vice-admi-
ral's flag, 30 brigs, eight luggers or
schooners, and It gun-boats. — I was un-
der the necessity of detaining our flotilla,
to prevent supplies being thrown into the
garrison at Flushing, and to assist in cut-
ting off its communication with Cadsand ;
which service was eiiectuallv done, ex-
cept during the late heavy gales, which
drove the gun-boats from their stations,
and prevented our ships from entering the
Scheldt, from the circumstance of their
not being able to weigh their anchors.
Since the weather has moderated, the
wind has provokingly drawn round to the
south-east, which is the only obstacle that
prevents Lord W. Stuart, with a squadron
of 10 heavy frigates, passing Flushing ;
as well as Rear-admiral Lord Gardner,
with the effective line of battle-ships, tak-
ing up the anchorage in Dykeshook Bay,
where I intend his lordship shall remain,
with a view of having the assistance of
tint squadron in our further operations
against the enemy, and eventually to pro-
ceed up the Scheldt. — The divisions of
the army under the Earl of Rosslyn and
Marquis of Huntley, landed on South
Beveland on the 9th. — The cavalry and
ordnance ships, with the brigs and some
sloops of war, have passed through the
Slough into the West Scheldt, and are
now availing themselves of every favour-
able tide to proceed to Bathz. — I am also
endeavouring to warp the Pallas and Circe
through by the same channel, and with
everv probability of success. — Sir Home
Pop ham was detached with some gun-ves-
gels, for the purpose of sounding the river,
and of joining Sir Rich. Keates at Bathz.
— The batteries are not yet ready to open
on Flushing ; therefore I hope to be here
again in time to co-operate with the army
in the attack on that garrison. I am con-
cerned to add, that the enemy has cut
the dyke to the right of the town, and the
island is likely to be inundated. I have
ordered Rear-admiral Otway to send the
Monmouth and Agincourt to England for
water, as soon as they can be got down

from Zierickzee ; and earnestly intreat
that other means may be adopted for sup-
plying the army and navy from England,
as I apprehend all the water in tins island
will be spoiled by the inundation, and
there is not more in the other islands than
is necessary for the subsistence of the in-
habitants. Their lordships must be aware
that, in this extensive and complicated
service, it is impossible for me to enter so.
fully into detail as I could wish, espe-
cially as our arrangements must vary in
proportion with the movements of the
enemy. — In my absence I have directed
Rear-admiral Otway to superintend the
several duties relative to the investment
of this island, and to correspond with the
Admiralty on all matters of service. — •
Capt. Dobie, who acted in the Pallas dur-
ing the absence of Capt. Seymour, is the
bearer of this dispatch, He had my flag
for some time in that ship, and has been
particularly attentive to the public sei>
vice. — In consequence of the protracted
siege of Flushing, and the necessity for
the flotilla going up the Scheldt, I have
ordered guns from the ships of war to lit
twenty transports as gun-ships, under
Rear-admiral Otway, to form a flotilla for
the lower part of the Scheldt, which I
trust their lordships will approve. — You
will please likewise to inform their lord-
ships, that Lord Gardner has ordered the-
Centaur and Theseus to cruise off the
Texel. R. J. Straciian.

Kangaroo, in the West Scheldt, Aug. 12.
Sir, — Having directed the frigates
named in the margin * to proceed up the
West Scheldt, under the orders of Lord
W. Stuart, captain of the Lavinia, that
zealous officer availed himself of a light
air from the westward on the afternoon of
the 1 1th instant, notwithstanding the tide
was against his proceeding, and passed
the batteries between Flushing and Cad-
sand. The ships were under the enemy's
tire nearly two hours. The gallant and
seaman-like manner in which the squa-
dron was conducted, and their steady and
well-directed fire, excited in my breast
the wannest sensations of admiration.
I he army witnessed their exertions with
applause; and I am certain that their
lordships will duly appreciate the services
of Lord W. Stuart, the captains, officers,

* Lavinia, Heroine, Amethyst, Rota, Jvym-
pben, L'Aigle, Luiyalus, Statira, Dryad, aiid
PeVlin.

498 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

seamen, and marines, on this occasion. No
very material accident happened, except
by a shell striking L'Aigle, and which
fell through her decks into the bread -
I'iikii, where it exploded ; one man was
killed, and four others wounded ; her
f-ern frame is much shattered. — Lord W.
Stewart's modest letter accompanies this
dispatch, together with a return of the
killed and wounded, and the damages sus-
tained hy his majesty's ships in forcing
the entrance of this river.

R. J. Strachan.
Lu-cinia, in the Scheldt, Aug. 11.

Sir, — I have the honour to inclose you
a report of the killed and wounded, and
the damage sustained on board his majes-
ty's ships, which you did me the honour
to place under my orders to force through
the passage of the Scheldt, between the
batteries of Flushing and Cadsand. As
from your position you must have been a
witness to the execution of this service, I
have only to tfaanfe you for the honouryou
did me in placing the squadron under my
orders. Wm. Stuart.

Amethyst, 1 killed, ]^ wounded. — L'Aigle, J
killed, 4 wounded, (among' the latter is Lieut.
W. L. Uirie, of the marines ) — Heroine 2
bounded. — Perlin, 2 wounded. — Total, 2 kill-
ed, 9 wounded.
Kangaroo, in the West Scheldt, Aug. 13.

Sir, — I had dispatched Sir Home Pop-
bam with the sloops, brigs, and vessels,
named in the margin *, together with a
light flotilla, under Captains Lyforrl,
Lowe, and Buck, up the West Scheldt, t©
sound and buoy the channels of that river,
to enable the larger ships to advance, for
the purpose of putting into execuiion the
ulterior objects of this expedition. Sir
Home Pop ham has executed this service
with his usual judgment and correctness.
I have the honour to inclose, for their
lordships' information, a copy of a letter
I have received from Sir Richard Keates,
to whom I have given the command of
the naval pari of our operations in the up-
per part of both Scheldts, until I get the
frigates advanced under Lord W. Stuart,
and which will be done with the utmost
dispatch. R. J. Strachan.

Fort Bathz, Aug. 12.

Sir, — I have the honour to inform you,
that, in pursuance of your directions, I
arrived at Bathz yesterday ; and in order,

* Skylark, Harpy, Challenger, La Fleche,
Pilot, Parthian, Darin, Thais, Cracker, Blood-
hound, Galgo (rocket-ship.) ,

if practicable, to make an attack on the
enemy's flotilla more complete, I ordered
thirty flat boats, armed with earrenndes,
and some other boats from the ships un-
der mv orders, to rendezvous at this place,
and meet the flotilla under >ir Home Pop-
ham ; but before the arrival of either, six
of the enemy's gun-boats having ground-
ed on a bank within reach of the artillery
of the fort, after sustaining some injury
by it, were abandoned ; five of which
were destroyed* and the other brought in.
The arrival of Sir Home Pop ham and my
boats from the East Scheldt, took place
nearly at the same time; but the enemy's
flotilla moved up to Lillo with the same
tide that brought ours to Ba.hz, one of
which was handsomely burned by the ad-
vanced gun-boats, almost amongst them.
As the navigation of the West Scheldt is
now open as far as it can possibly be
cleared by the navy, and a flotilla force of
upwards of fifty sail in the Last Scheldt
demand attention, and 1 can at any time
return in a few hours to this place, it is my
intention to repair this morning to the
Superb, where I have ordered the boats
of my division. Sir Home Popham is ex-
amining the channels. Although we are
now masters of the navigation to Lillo, ifr
may be proper to observe, that it is in the
enemy's power, by sending a superior
naval force, to deprive us of it, as far as
Bathz (before some larger ships ascend},
whenever he pleases. R. G. Keates.

London Gazette Extraordinary.

Downing- street, Aug. 19. The follow-
ing dispatch was this day received from
the Earl of Chatham, K. G.

Head-Quarters, Middlebttrgh,Aug. 16.

Mv Lord, — I have the honour of ac-
quainting your lordship, that, on the 13th
inst. the batteries before Flushing being
completed (and the frigates, bombs, and
gun-vessels, having at the same time tak-
en their stations), a fire was opened at
about half past one P. M, from 52 pieces
of heavy ordnance, which was vigorously
returned by the enemy. An additional
battery of *ix 24^pounders was com-
pleted the same night, and the whole con-
tinued to play upon the town with little
or no intermission till late on the follow-
ing day. On the morning of the 14th
inst. about ten o'clock, the line of battle-
ships at anchor in the Lmrloo Passage,
led by Rear-admiral Sir Rich. Strachan,
got under weigh, and kept up, as they-

Interesting intelligence from the London gazettes. 49$

passed, a tremendous cannonade on the
town tor several hours, with the greatest
gallantry and effect. About tour in the
afternoon, perceiving that the fire of the
enemy had entirely ceased, and the town
presenting a most awful scene of destruc-
tion, being on fire in almost every quar-
ter, I directed Lieut.- gen. Sir E. Coote to
send in to summon the place. General
IMonnet returned for answer, that he
would reply to the summons as soon as
he had consulted a council of war. An
hour had been allowed him for the pur-
pose ; but a considerable time beyond it
having elapsed without any answer being
received, hostilities were ordered to re-
commence with the utmost vigour ; and
about eleven o'clock at night, one of the
enemy's batteries, advanced upon the
Sea Dyke in front of Lieut.-gen. Fraser's
position, was most gallantly carried at
the point of the bayonet by detachments
from the 3o"th, 71st, and light battalions
of the king's German legion, under Lieut.-
col. Pack, opposed to great superiority of
numbers: they took 40 prisoners, and
killed and wounded a great many of the
enemy. I must not omit to mention,
that, on the preceding evening, an en-
trenchment in front of Major-gen. Gra-
ham's position was also forced in a man-
ner equally undaunted, by the 14th re-
giment, and detachments of the king's
German legion, under Lieut.-col. Nicolls,
who drove the enemy from it, and made
a lodgment within musket-shot of the
walls of the town, taking one gun and 30
prisoners. About two in the morning,
the enemy demanded a suspension of
arms for 48 hours, which was refused,
and only two hours granted ; when he
agreed to surrender according to the sum-
mons sent in, on the basis of the gar-
rison becoming prisoners of war. I have
How the satisfaction of acquainting your
lordship, that, these preliminaries being
acceded to, as soon as the admiral landed
in the morning, Capt. Long, adj. -gen.
and Capt. Cockburn, of the royal navy,
Were appointed to negociate the further
articles of capitulation, which I have now
the honour to inclose. They were rati-
fied about three this morning, when de-
tachments of the Royals on the right,
and of his majesty's 7 1st regiment on the
jeft, took possession of the gates of the
town. The garrison will march out to-
morrow, and will be embarked as speedily
as possible. I may now congratulate your

lordship on the fall of a place so indis-
pensibly necessary to our luiure opera-
tions, as so large a portion of our force
being requisite to carry on the siege with
that degree of vigour and dispatch which
the means of defence the enemy possess-
ed, and particularly his powers of inun-
dation (which was rapidly spreading to
an alarming extent), rendered absolutely
necessary. Having hoped, had circum-
stances permitted, to have proceeded up
the river at an earlier period, I had com-
mitted to Lieut.-gen. Sir EL Coote, the
direction of the details of the siege, and
of the operations before Flushing; and
I cannot sufficiently express my sense of
the unremitting zeal and exertions with
which he has conducted the arduous ser-
vice entrusted to him; in which he was
ably assisted by Lieut. -cols. Walsh and
Ofterey, attached to him, as assistants in
the adjutant and quarter-master-general's
department. [Here follow some enco-.
miums on the troops.] The active and
persevering exertions of the corps of royal
engineers have been conducted with much
skill and judgment, by Col. Fiers, aided
by Lieut.-col. D'Aicey ; and it is impos-
sible for me to do sufficient justice to the
distinguished conduct of the officers and
men of the royal artillery, under the able
direction and animating example of Brig, -
gen. M'Leod. The seamen, whose la-
bours had been so useful to the army,
sought their reward in a further oppor-
tunity to distinguish themselves; and one
of the batteries was accordingly entrusted
to them, and w hich they served with ad-
mirable vigour and effect. I must here
beg to express my strong sense of the
constant and cordial co-operation of the
navy on all occasions ; and my warmest
acknowledgments are most particularly
due to Capt. Cockburn, of the Belleisle,
commanding the flotilla, and Capt. Rich-
ardson, of the Caesar, commanding the
brigade of seamen landed with the army.
1 have the honour to inclose a return of
the garrison of Flushing; in addition to
which I have learned, that, besides the
number killed, which was considerable,
upwards of 1000 wounded men were
transported to Cadsaud previous to the
complete investment of the town. I also
subjoin a statement of deserters and pri-
soners, exclusive of the garrison of Flush-
ing. This dispatch will be delivered to
your lordship by my first aid-de camn,
Major Bradford, who is fully qualified tc

5d0 INTERESTING iKTELLi&ENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

give your lordship further information,
and whom I beg leave earnestly to re-
commend to his majesty's protection.

Chatham.

[Here follow the articles of capitula-
tion. The garrison of Flushing, amount-
ing to 4379 men*, are allowed to march
out with the honours of war, but are to
lay down their arms on the glacis, and
be sent prisoners of war to England. The
other stipulations, which shew that the
whole island is to be permanently an-
nexed to the British empire, relate en-
tirely to the military and civil arrange-
ments]. The return of prisoners and de-
serters taken in the island of Walcheren,
amounted to 1700 rank and file. Our
loss, we rejoice to state, is trivial ; con-
sisting of 3 officers, 23 rank and file killed;
15 officers, and 94- rank and file wounded.

The ofliceis killed are, Capt. Talbot, 5th
foot; Ensign D. Sinclair, 71st ; Ensign C.
Harrold, 14th ; and Lieut. Sprecker, 2d batt.
G. legion. — Those dangerously wounded are,
Capt. Palsey, royal engineers ; Major M'Ken-
zie, 3tith-, Lieut. D. Macdonald, 71st; Capt.
V. A. Brown, 77th ; and assistant-surgeon
Chislet, Slst. — Those slightly wounded are,
Lieut. Browne, royal artillery; Col. Fvers,
royal engineers; Lieut. M'Ktnzie, 3d batt. 1st
foot; Lieut. Clutterbuck, 2d; Capt. Soden
and Lieut. Smith, 6sth ; Capt. Spottiswoode,
7lst; Capt. Taylor, 81st ; and Lieut. Man-
ners, 95th.

Admiralty -office, Aug. 20. Dispatches
were received last night from Sir R. J.
Strachan, addressed to the Hon. W. W.
Pole.

St. Domingo, Flushing-roads, Aug. 17.

Sir, — I have much satisfaction in ac-
quainting you, for the information of their
lordships, that the town and garrison of
Flushing have capitulated on the terms, a
copy of which 1 send herewith. — Their
lordships have already been apprised, it
was my intention to have proceeded up
the Scheldt, with the division of frigates
under Lord W. Stuart, and that the great-
er part of our flotilla had advanced to
Bathz, in the charge of Sir Home Pop-
ham, by whom the enemy were driven
above Lillo, where their ships and gun-
brigs had taken up a strong position. The
command of the important service of the

* Lord Chatham, in his next dispatch, dated
the 18th inst. incloses the articles of capitula-
tion of the islands of Schowen end Duiveland,
and corrects this return c.f the garrison of
Flushing, which amounted to 5803 men ; and
these, added to the number killed or taken
prisoners, make the force originally opposed
to us in Walchej-en, amount to 9000 uicu.

I Scheldt, I have given to Sir R. Keates £
and he has my directions to co-operate
with Lieut.- gen. the Eari'of Rosslyn, as

well as to use every means in his power
for destroying or capturing the fleet and
flotilla of the enemy. — Rear- admiral Lord
Gardner remained with the ships named
in the margin* off Dykeshook, and his
lordship had received mv direction to
hold that squadron iri readiness to go
against the garrison of Flushing. — On
the 12 inst. 1 was informed by Lord
Chatham, that the advanced battened
were sufficiently prepared to open on the
enemy the day following, at one o'clock
in the afternoon; and as it appeared to
me of consequence that the line of battle,
ships should pass the town at the same
moment, 1 therefore abandoned my in-
tention of going up to the advanced flo-
tilla, and, proceeding to Dykeshook,
hoisted my flag in the St. Domingoj The
batteries opened on the garrison, as it
was previously settled, at one in the af-
ternoon of the 1 3th inst. and the fire was
returned with great vigour by the enemy.
The bombs and gun-vessels under the
direction of Capt. Cockburn, of the Belle-
isle, were most judiciously placed at the
south-east end of the town; and to the
south-west, Capt. Owen, of the Clyde,
had, with equal skill and judgment, placed
the bomb and other vessels under his or-
ders. I had much satisfaction in wit-
nessing the fire that was kept up by the
squadrons under the command of these
two officers, and the precision with which
the shells were thrown from the bombs.
Unfortunately, the wind was too scant to
allow me to weigh when the batteries
opened ; but it proving more favourable
the following day, I immediately put
that intention into execution; and at ten
in the forenoon of the 14th, proceeded
with the ships already named, towards
Flushing, meaning to pass ton more con-
venient anchorage for placing the squa-
dron against it, when such a measure
should appear to be necessary. This
squadron was led in by the St. Domingo,
bearing my flag, and I was followed by
the iiiake, with the flag of Rear-admiral
Lord Gardner ; the other ships advanced
in succession. Soon after we had opened
our fire, the wind came more southerly,
and the St. Domingo grounded inside of

* St. Domingo, Blake, Repulse, Victorious
Denmark, AuUaciou*, auu Venerable.

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 501

the Dog-Sand. Lord Gardner not know-
ing our situation, passed inside of us, by
which the Blake also grounded. The
Other ship were immediately directed
to haul oil, and anchor, as previously in-
tended. After being some time in this
Situation, during which the enemy's lire
Blackened, by the active and zealous ex-
ertions of Captain Owen, of the Clyde,
who came to our assistance, and an-
chored close to the St. Domingo, she was
got oil"; and soon alter, I had ihe satis-
faction of seeing the Blake also afloat;
and come to anchor with the rest of the
squadron. I was much pleased with the
conduct anu exertions of Capt. Giii, of
the St. Domingo, and his officers, and
with the steadiness, energy, and good
order of the ship's company. Lord
Gardner bears equal testimony to the
behaviour of the officers, seapien, and
marines of the Blake; and his lordship
mentions the assistance he received from
Gapt. Codrington in the highest terms of
praise. — The fire of the enemy towards
the evening had considerably abated,
the town was burning in many places,
and much damage was done to the houses.
At seven o'clock I received a message
from Liet.-gen. Sir E. Coote, requesting
I would cease hostilities, as a summons
had been sent into Flushing ; but at
night the (ire again commenced, and
was kept up without intermission until
two o'clock of the morning of the 15th,
when the French commandant^ Gen.
Monnet, offered to surrender. This was
communicated to me bv the lieut.-gen.
and in consequence I directed the flag of
truce to be hoisted at daylight on board
his majesty's ships, and that hostilities
should cease.

The lient.-gen. having also intimated
his wish, that two commissioners should
be sent on the part of the navy, to assist
in the proposed capitulation, I accord-
ingly nominated Lord Gardner to meet
Sir E. Cpete, at East Zouburg, and to
take with him Capt. Cockburn, to act in
conjunction with the officers on the part
of the army. Shortly after, I received
a pessage from the Earl of Chatham,
requesting to see me at Zouburg. On
my arrival there, I found his Jordship
had selected Col. Long, adjt.-gen. of the
army, and Capt. Cockburn, to be the
commissioners for settling the terms of
capitulation, which were finally con.
eluded late in the evening of the 15th.

Sup. Vol II.

[The dispatch concludes with com-
mendations on Rear-admirals Otway,
Keates, and Lord Gardner, Sir H. Pop-
ham, Captains C. Richardson and Bla-
rney, of the Cffisar and Harpy, and 1st
Lieut. May, of the St. Domingo.]

R, J. St'rachan,
[Here follows a letter from Admiral
tlr.it. Sir II. Popham had,
with a division of gun-boats, cut off the
communication between the Last and
Wt.st- Scheldt. — Another from Capt.
Cockburn, who commanded the flotilla
of gun-boats, praising the officers and
men under his command ; and an inclo-
sure from Capt. Oiway, of the Monarch,
relative to a detachment of seamen and
marine.-; placed under the orders of Capt.
Richardson, of the Caesar, and employed
in constructing and manning several bat-
teries, which service they executed with
the utmost gallantry and effect.]

The only naval officers killed are, Lieut.
Rennie, of the Marlborough, and Lieut,
Russeil and Surgeon Burnside, of the San
Joseph. None dangerously wounded.-*—
Total seamen killed J S, and 37 wounded.

Downing- street, Aug. 26. The follow-
ing dispatch had been received from Ma-
jor Maxwell, of the royal African cores,
addressed to Lord Castlereagh.

Senegal, July IS.

My Lord, — When I had last the ho-
nour of writing to your lordship, I com-
municated such information as I had re-
ceived concerning the situation of the
French coiony of Senegal, and my opi-
nion of the practicability of reducing it
with a small force ; I also mentioned the
annoyance we had received at Goree and
its vicinity, from their privateers, during
the absence of ships of war from that sta-
lion. On the 24th June, Commodore Co-
lumbine arrived at Goree with the Sole-
bay frigate and brig Tigress, having the
colonial schooner George, Agincourt trans-
port, and several merchant vessels under
convoy : and having communicated to
him what intelligence I had lately ob-
tained, we thought the reduction of Sene-
gal practicable with the force we possess-
ed, provided no obstacles should prevent
our being able to pass the bars at the
mouth of the river. To this attempt. I
was induced by considerations which I
trust your lordship will conceive to be of
weight. I was of opinior, that the co-
lony of itself would be an acquisition uf
3X

602 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

importance to the nation, from its com-
merce ; that by the French government,
as it had always been much valued, its
loss would be proportionably felt ; and
that, by driving the enemy from their
sole possessions to the coast, his majesty's
settlements, and the British commerce,
would be more secure, and more easily
protected. Having, therefore, procured
some light vessels and boats, the best
adapted for passing the bar, a detachment
of the garrison of Goree, consisting of (J
officers, 4 drummers, and 150 rank and
file, was embarked on board the Agin-
court transport on the 4th of July, when
we sailed, and anchored at the bar on the
evening of the 7th. Next morning, Com-
modore Columbine was of opinion the
troops might be passed over the bar,
which was accordingly effected, through
much difficulty, by the exertions of the
navy. We unfortunately, however, lost, a
schooner and sloop, containing much of
our provisions and ammunition ; and the
schooner George went on shore inside the
bar. 1 landed the detachment, and 60
royal marines from the ships of war, on
the left bank of the river, where I took
up a position, with a view to wait till pro-
visions could be passed from the ship-
ping, and the schooner George could be
got off". We then learnt that the enemy
had made a formidable line of defence
at the post of the Babague, 12 miles up
the river, where there is a battery, in front
of which three cannoniers and four other
vessels were moored, and the whole pro-
tected by a strong boom drawn across the
river. On the 9th we were attacked, but
speedily repulsed the enemy, and drove
them within their line at Babague ; after
which, we returned to get off the schoon-
er, which was effected on the following
evening. The 1 1th was employed in re-
fitting the schooner, and embarking pro-
visions and water. The Solebay frigate
and Derwent sloop of war were ordered
to anchor opposite to the post of Babague,
and bombard it. which was executed with
much effect. During the night, in shift-
ing her birth, the Solebay unfortunately
got aground, but in a position which
enabled her still to annoy the enemy.
<)u the morning of the 12th the troops
were embarked, and the flotilla proceed-
ed up the river, till just within gun-shot
of the enemy's line of defence ; and when
every thing was in readiness for a night
attack, we received information that it

was the intention of the French com-
mandant to capitulate. Willing to spar©
an unnecessary effusion of human blood,
the attack was postponed. On the morn-
ing of the 13th, we discovered that the
boom was broken, that the enemy had
abandoned the battery and vessels, leav-
ing their colours flying ; and shortly af-
terwards, a letter was received from
Messrs. Degrigny and Durecu, in the
name of the commandant of Senegal, of-
fering to capitulate. Mr. Heddle, sur-
geon to the forces, who had acted as my
aid-de-camp during the campaign, was
sent forward to treat with these gentle-
men ; and soon returned with the articles
of capitulation, which I inclose, and
which we ratified. I immediately took
possession of the battery oflsle aux Ang-
lois ; and in the course of the evening,
the battery of Guelander facing the town.
Next morning the garrison laid down their
arms, and were embarked. We then found
that the force which had been employed
against us amounted to 160 regular sol-
diers, and 240 militia and volunteers. We
had no reason, however, to count on much
opposition from the latter part of the
enemy's force.

[The dispatch concludes with speaking
in high termsof Capt.Titley, Lieut. Bones,
and the other officers of the royal navy
and marines, as well as Mr. Heddle, As-
sistant-commissary Hamilton, and Capt.
Odium, the bearer of the dispatch. Lieut.
Simpson died through fatigue in the affair
of the 1 1th. We had only one man wound-
ed, and the enemy one killed and two
wounded.]

C. W. Maxwell, Major R. A. Corps.

[Here follow the articles of capitula-
tion; a return of the ordnance and stores ;
and the names of three brigs, two schoon-
ers, and two gun- boats, which formed
the line of defence at Babague.]

Admiralty -office, Aug. 26. A letter has
been received at this office from Captain
Columbine, late commander of his ma-
jesty's ship the Solebay, addressed to the
Hon. W. W. Pole, and dated on board
the Derwent sloop, off Senegal, July 20th,
giving an account of the surrender of that
settlement. Some depredations having
been committed on the trade in the neigh-
bourhood of Senegal, by small privateers
fitted out there, Capt. Columbine, and
Major Maxwell, commanding the gar-
rison at Goree, determinecT to make an

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 503

attack upon the place ; and proceeded
against it on the 4th July, with the Sole-
bay, Derwent sloop, and Tigress gun-
vessel, and some merchant and smaller
vessels, having on board a detachment of
150 men from Goree. The enemy at
first appeared disposed to oiler some
resistance; but the detachment being
landed, together with 120 seamen and
50 marines, the enemy's force, consist-
ing of 160 regulars and 240 militia, re-
treated ; and on the 13th a capitulation
was signed, by which the island of St.
Louis, and its dependencies, were sur-
rendered to the British forces, the garri-
son being conveyed to France as pri-
soners of war, not to serve against his
majesty or his allies, until regularly ex-
changed. The only loss sustained by
the English on this service, has been that
of Capt. Fred. Parker, of the Derwent,
Mr. Francis Atterbury Sealv, midship-
man of that sloop, and six seamen,
drowned in attempting to cross the Bar
of Senegal. Capt. Columbine speaks in
high terms of the conduct of the officers
and men employed on the occasion. On
the 11th July, the Solebay, in moving
up the river, got on shore and was wreck-
ed ; all her men and part of the stores
were saved.

The following letters have been trans-
mitted by Sir J. Saumarez, commander
in chief in the Baltic.

Princess Carolina, Aspo, July 26.

Sir, — Having been informed that the
enemy had at this place several gun-boats
to protect their coasting trade, which is
of the greatest consequence in supplying
their army, &c. in all parts of Finland,
and it having been represented to me by
Capt. Forrest the probability of their
being destroyed, himself having oifered,
in the most handsome manner, to com-
mand the expedition, which I immedi-
ately accepted ; and having directed all
the boats of his majesty's ships, Prin-
cess Carolina, Minotaur, Cerberus, and
Prometheus (in all 17), armed in the
best possible way, to put themselves
under the command of Capt. Forrest,
and to assemble on board the Prometheus
at six o'clock yesterday evening ; I have
now the happiness to inform you of a
successful attack he made last night
about half past ten o'clock, on four gun-
boats, three of which he has captured,
and a new brig laden with provisions :
the gun-boats had on board in all 137

men, besides 23 in the brig. They are
very complete, and well found, which I
intend sending you by the Minotaur.
Inclosed, I have the honour to transmit
Capt. Forrest's letter on this subject,
wherein he speaks in the highest terms
of the spirited conduct of all the officers
and men employed on this occasion.
Were it possible for me to say any thing
which could add to the meritorious con-
duct of so gallant and good an officer as
Capt. Forrest, I should most willingly
do it ; but I trust the success of this
brilliant action will do more justice to the
intrepidity of every officer and man em-
ployed on this survice, than any language
1 can possibly use. — I also beg to inclose
for your information a list of killed and
wounded.

Cha. Dudley Pater.
Prometheus Sloop, Aspo Roads, July 26.
Sir, — I am happy to acquaint you, that
the endeavours of the boats of the squa-
dron, which you did me the honour to
place under my command, for the pur-
pose of capturing or destroying the ene-
my's gun- boat force or convoys in the
neighbourhood, have been crowned with
the most complete success ; three gun-
vessels of large dimensions, of a new
construction, being captured after a
sanguinary contes:, together with a new
armed brig, with soldiers on board, la-
den with provisions, destined for Abo.
Our loss is severe indeed, as might be
expected from the nature of the force,
and the extreme obstinacy with which
the enemy defended their charge ; the
crew of one gun-boat, No. 62, being
to a man killed or dangerously wounded,
as you will see by the returns. I cannot
find words to express to you the zeal and
intrepidity exhibited upon this occasion
by all, and the manifest superiority of
our seamen when it came to the cutlass.
I must leave the circumstance itself to
speak the eulogy of the following officers
employed under my command, viz. —
James Bashford, first lieut. of the Prin-
cess Carolina ; r-Pettet, first lieut. and

Simpson, third lieut. of the Cer-

berus; Gawen Forster, first lieut. and
Thomas Finnemore, acting lieut. of the
Prometheus ; as more adequate to their
merits than any thing I can say in their
favour. I cannot too much admire the
conduct of Mr. Charles Chambers, sur-
geon of the Prometheus, who very hand-
somely accompanied the expedition, with
a view, should he escape, t > be profes-

5C4 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

sionally useful. I sincerely lament, with
the country, the under-mentioned gallant
ami most valuable officers:

Minotaur — Lieut. J. J. Cellanan, killed ;
Lieut. Win. U ilkins, of the royal marines,
ditto ; G. Elvey, midshipman, wouuded. Pro-
metheus— Matt. Vczey, boats'man, mortally
wounded; T. Humble, clerk, killed. Process
Carolina — James Carrington, master's mate,
killed. T. Forrest, €apt

Princess Carolina, 3 killed, 3 wounded — ■
Minotaur, i.s killed, 06 wounded — Cerberus,
7 wounded— rProme't'heus, 4 killed, 15 wound-
ed. Total, 19 killed, 51 wounded. — The ene-
my's loss is 22 killed, and 59 wounded.

A letter has been received by the Hon.
W. W. Pole, from Capt. Cottrell, of his
majesty's ship the Nijaden, dated in Kii-
duen Bay, the 6ih of June last, giving an
account of the capture or destruction of
22 or 23 vessels in the river Kola, by the
boats of the above ship, under the direc-
tions of Lieut. Wells and Smith. A fort,
under which those vessels were anchored,
was taken possession of, and the guns
brought away or thrown into the river.

MILITARY GENERAL ORDERS.

The commander in chief has received
the king's commands to notify to the
army the splendid victory obtained by
his troops in Spain under the command of
Lieut.-gen. the Right Hon. Sir Arthur
Wellesley, on the 27th and 28th of last
month, at the battle of Talavera de la
Reyna. His majesty is confident that his
army will learn with becoming exultation,
that the enemy, after escaping by a pre-
cipitate retreat from the weli-concerted
attack with which Sir Arthur Wellesley,
in conjunction with the Spanish army, had
threatened him on the 2Uh of July, con-
centrated his force, by calling to his aid
the corps under the French Gen. Sebas-
tiani and the garrison of Madrid ; and,
thus reinforced, again approached the al-
lied arm}'' on the 27th of July ; and, on
this occasion, owing to the local circum-
stances of its position, and to the delibe-
rate purpose of the enemy to direct his
whole efforts against the troops of his ma-
jesty • the British army sustained nearly
the whole weight of this contest, and has
acquired the glory of having vanquished
a French army, double their numbers;
not in a short and partial straggle, but in
a battle obstinately contested on two suc-
cessive days (not wholly discontinued
pven throughout the intervening night,)
and fought under circumstances winch

brought both armies to close and repeat-
ed combat. The king, in contemplating
so glorious a display of the valour and
prowess of his troops, has been graciously
pleased to command that his royal ap-
probation of the conduct of the army serv-
ing under the command of LieuL-gcn.
Sir Arthur Wellesley shall be thus pub-
licly declared in general orders.

The cominandei in chief has received
the king's commands to signify, in the
most marked and special manner, the
sense his majesty entertains of Lieut.- gen.
Sir Arthur Wellesley's personal services
on this memorable occasion, not less dis-
played in the result of the battle itself,
than in the consummate ability, valour,
and military resource, with which the
many difficulties of this arduous and pro-
tracted contest were met and provided for
by his experience and judgment. The
conduct of Lieut.-gen. Sherbrooke, se-
cond in command, has entitled him to the
kirn's marked approbation. His majes-
ty has observed with satisfaction the man-
ner in which he led on the troops to the
charge with the bayonet — a species of
combat which on all occasions so well ac-
cords with the dauntless character of Bri-
tish soldiers. His majesty has noticed
with the same, gracious approbation, the
conduct of the several general and other
officers. All have done their duty ; most
of them have had occasions of eminently
distinguishing themselves, the instances
of which have not escaped his majesty's
attention. It is his majesty's commands
that his royal approbation and thanks
shall be given, in the most distinct and
most particular manner, to the non-com-
rnissioned officers and men. In no in-
stance have they displayed with greater
lustre their native valour and character-
istic energy ; nor have they on any for-
mer occasion more decidedly proved their
superiority over the inveterate enemy of
their country. Brilliant, however, as is
the victory obtained at Talavera, it is not
solely on that occasion that Lieut.-gen. Sir
A. Wellesley, and the troops under "his
command, are entitled to his majesty's ap^
pflause. The important service effected
in an ea'rry part of the campaign by the
same array, under the command of the
same distinguished general, by the ra-
pid march on the Duero, the passage of
that river, the total discomfiture of the
enemy, and his expulsion from the terri-
] toriesof one of his majesty's ancient and

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 505

dost faithful allies, are circumstances
which have made a lasting impression on
his majesty's mind ; and have induced his
majesty to direct, that the operations of
this arduous and eventful campaign shall
be thus recorded: as furnishing splendid
examples of military skill, fortitude, per-
severance, and of a spirit of enterprise,
calculated to produce emulation in every
part of his army, and largely to add to
the ri now n of the military character of
die British nation.

By order of the Right Hon. the Com-
mander in Chief,

Harry Calvert, Adjt.-gen.

Horse-Guards, 18 August, 1809.

Doivning-street, Sept. 2. The follow-
ing dispatch has been received from
Lieut. -gen. Lord Viscount Wellington.
Deleytosa, Aug. 8.

My Lord, — I apprised your lordship
on the 1st inst. of the advance of a French
Corps towards the Puerto de Banos, and
of the probable embarrassments to the
operations of the army which its arrival
at Placencia would occasion; and these
embarrassments having since existed to a
degree, so considerable as to oblige us to
fall back, and to take up a defensive po-
sition on the Tagiis, 1 am induced to
trouble you more at length with an ac-
count of what has passed upon this sub-
ject. When I entered Spain, I had a
communication with General Cuesta,
through Sir W. Wilson and Col. Roche,
respecting the occupation of the Puerto
de Banos, and the Puerto de Perales ; the
former of which, it was at last settled,
should be held by a corps to be formed
under the Marquis de la Reyna, to con-
sist of two battalions from Gen. Cuesta's
armv, and two from Bejar ; and that the
Puerto de Perales was to be taken care of
by the Duke de Parque, by detachments
from the garrison of Ciudad Rodrigo —
I doubted of the capacity of the garrison
of Ciudad Rodrigo to make the detach-
ment to the latter; but had so little
doubt of the former, that in writing to
Marshal Beresford on the 17th July, Ide-
jsircd him to look to the Puerto de Perales,
but that I considered Banos as secure, as
appears by the extract of my letter,
which I inclose. — On the 30th, intelli-
gence was received at Talavera, that
twelve thousand rations had been ordered
at Fuente Duenos for the 28th, and twen-
ty-four thousand at Los SaDtos for the J

same day, for a French corps, which it
was believed was on its march towards
the Puerto de Banos. — Gen. Cuesta ex-
pressed some anxiety respecting this post;
and sent me a message, to propose that
Sir R. Wilson should be sent there with
his corps. Sir Robert was on that day at
Talavera, but his corps was in the moun-
tains towards Kscalona ; and as he had al-
ready made himself very useful in that
quarter, and had been near Madrid,
with which city he hail a communication,
which I was desirous of keeping up, I
proposed that a Spanish corps should be
sent to Banos without loss of time. — I
could not prevail with Gen. Cuesta, al-
though he certainly admitted the neces-
sity of a reinforcement when he proposed
that Sir Robert should be sent to Banos ;
and he was equally sensible with myself
of the benefit to be derived to the cause
from sending Sir Robert back to Escalo-
na. At this time we had no further in-
telligence of the enemy's advance than
that the rations were ordered ; and I had
hopes that the enemy might be deterred
from advancing, by the intelligence of
our successes on the 28th, and that the
troops in the Puerto might make some de-
fence ; and that under these circum-
stances it was not desirable to divert Sir
R. Wilson from Escalona. On the 30th,
however, I renewed my application to
Gen. Cuesta to send there a Spanish divi-
sion of sufficient strength, in a letter to
G*en. O'Donoghue, of which I inclose a
copy, but without effect ; and he did not
detach Gen. Bassecourt till the moining
of the 2d, after we had heard that the
enemy had entered Bejar, and it was ob-
vious that the troops in the Puerto would
make no defence. On the 2d we receiv-
ed accounts, that the enemy had entered
Placencia in two columns. The Marquis
de la Reyna, whose two battalions con-
sisted of only 0000 men, with only 20
rounds of ammunition each man, retired
from the Puerto and from Placencia,
without firing a shot, and went to the
bridge of Almaraz, which he declared
that he intended to remove; the batta-
lions of Bezar dispersed without making
any resistance. The general called upon
me on that day, and proposed that half of
the army should march to the rear, to op-
pose the enemy, while the other half
should maintain the post at Talavera.
My answer was, that if by half the army,
he meant half of each army, I could only

506 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

answer, that I was ready either to go or to
slay with the whole British army, but
that I could not separate it. He then de-
sired me to chuse whether I would go or
6tay: and I preferred to go, from think-
ing that the British troops were most like-
ly to do the business effectually, and
without contest; and from being of opi-
nion, it was more important to us than to
the Spanish army, to open a communica-
tion through Placencia, although very im-
portant to them. With this decision, Ge-
neral Cuesta appeared perfectly satisfi-
ed. The movements of the enemy in our
front since the 1st, had induced me to be
of opinion, that, despairing of forcing us
at Talavera, thev intended to force a pas-
sage by Escalona, and thus to open a
communication with the French corps
coming from Placencia. This suspicion
was confirmed on the night of the 2d, by
letters received from Sir Robert Wilson,
of which I inclose copies; and before I
quitted Talavera on the 3d, I waited upon
Gen O'Donoghue, and conversed with
him upon the whole of our situation ; and
pointed out to him the possibility, that in
the case of the enemy coming through
Escalona, Gen. Cuesta might find himself
obliged to quit Talavera, before I should
be able to return to him ; and I urged him
to collect all the carts that could be got,
in order to remove our hospital. At his
desire I put the purport of this conversa-
tion in writing, and sent him a letter to
bi laid before Gen. Cuesta, of which I
inclose a copy. The British army march-
ed on the 3d to Oropesa, Gen.Bassecourt's
Spanish corps being at Centinello, where
I desired that it might halt the next day,
in order that I might be nearer it. —
About 5 o'clock in the evening, I heard
that the French had arrived from Placen-
cia at Navalmoral, whereby they were
between us and the bridge of Almaraz. —
About an hour afterwards, I Veceived
from Gen. O'Donoghue the letter and its
inclosures, of which I inclose copies, an-
nouncing to me the intentions of General
Cuesta to march from Talavera in the
evening, and to leave there my hospital,
excepting such men as could be moved
by the means he already had, on the
ground of his apprehensions that I was not
strong enough for the corps coming from
Placencia, and that the enemy was mov-
ing upon his flank, and had returned to
Santa Olalla in his front. — I acknowledge
that these reasons did not appear to me

sufficient for giving up so important a
post as Talavera, for exposing the com-
bined armies to an attack in front and
rear at the same time, and for abandon-
ing my hospital ; and I wrote the letter
of which I inclose a copy. — This unfor-
tunately reached the general after he had
marched, and he arrived at Oropesa
shortly after daylight, on the morning
of the 4th. — The question, v» hat was to be
done, was then to be considered. The
enemy, stated to be 30,000 strong, but
at all events, consisting of the corps of
Soult and Ney, either united, or not very
distant from each other ; and suppossed
by Marshal Jourdan and Joseph Bona-
parte to be sufficiently strong to attack
the British army, stated to "be 25,000
strong, were on one side, in possession
of the high road to the passage of the Ta-
gus at Almaraz, the bridge at which
place we knew bad been removed, al-
though the boats still necessarily remain-
ed in the river. On the other side, we
had reason to expect the advance of Vic-
tor's corps to Talavera, as soon as Gene-
ral Cuesta's march should be known ;
and alter leaving 12,000 men to watch
Vanegas, and allowing him from 10
to 1 1,000 killed and wounded in the late
action, this corps would have amounted
to 25,000. We could extricate ourselves
from this difficult situation only by great
celerity of movement, to which the troops
were unequal, as they had not had their
allowance of provisions for several days,
and by success in two battles. If unsuc-
cessful in either, we should have been
without a retreat; and if Soult and Ney,
avoiding an action, had retired before us,
and had waited the arrival of Victor, we
should have been exposed to a general ac-
tion with 50,000 men, equally without a
retreat.

We had reason to expect, that, as the
Marquis de la Ileyna could not remove
the boats from the river Almaraz, Soult
would have destroyed them. — Our only
retreat was, therefore, by the bridge of
Arco Bispo; and if we had moved on,
the enemy, by breaking that bridge,
while the army should be engaged with
Soult and Ney, would have deprived us
of that only resource. — We could not
take a pasition at Oropesa, as we thereby
left open the road to the bridge of Arco
Bispo from Talavera by Calera ; and, af-
ter considering the whole subject mature*
J ly, I was of opinion that it was advisable

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE t ROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 507

to retire to the bridge of Arco Bispo, and
to take up a defensive position upon the
Tagus. I was induced to adopt this last
opinion, because the French have now at
least fifty thousand men disposable to op-
pose to the combined armies, and a corps
of twelve thousand to watch Yanegas ;
and I was likewise of opinion, that the
sooner the defensive line should be taken
up, the more likely were the troops to be
able to defend it. — Accordingly, I
marched on the 4th, and crossed the Ta-
gus by the bridge of Arco Bispo : and
have continued my route to this place, in
which I am well situated to defend the
passage of Almaraz, and the lower parts
of the Tagus. Gen. Cuesta crossed the
river on the night of the 5th, and he is
still at the bridge of Arco Bispo. About
2000 of the wounded have been brought
away from Talavera. the remaining 1500
are there ; and I doubt whether, under
any circumstances, it would have been
possible or consistent with humanity to
attempt to remove any more of them. —
From the treatment which some of the
soldiers wounded on the 27th, and who
fell into the hands of the enemy, expe-
rienced from them, and from the manner
in which I have always treated the
wounded who have fallen into my hands,
1 expect that these men will be well treat-
ed ; and I have only to lament, that a new
•concurrence of events, over which from
circumstances I had and could have no
controul, should have placed the army
in a situation to be obliged to leave any
•f them behind.

Arthur Wei.lesi.ey.

Douning-stre.t, Sep. 2, The follow-
ing dispatch was received from Lieut. -
gen. the Earl of Chatham, dated Head-
quarter?, Bathz, Aug. 29.

My Lord, — Major Bradford delivered
to me your lordship's dispatch of the 21st
inst. signifying to me his majesty's com-
mands that I should convey to Sir £.
Coote, the general and other officers and
troops employed before Flushing, and
particularly to those of the artillery and
engineer departments, his majesty's most
gracious approbation of their conduct ;
and which I have obeyed with the most
entire satisfaction. I had the honour in
my last dispatch of acquainting your
lordship with my intention of proceeding
to this place, and I should have been
most happy to have been enabled to hat e I

anounced to your lordship the further
progress of this army.

Unfortunately, however, it becomes
mv duty to state to your lordship, that,
from the concurrent testimony from so
many quarters as to leave no doubt of
the truth of the information, the enemy
appears to have collected so formidable a
force, as to convince me that the period
was arrived at which my instuctions would
have directed me to withdraw the army
under my command, even if engaged in
actual operation. I had certainly early
understood on my arrival at YVakheren,
that the enemy were assembling in consi-
derable force on all points ; but 1 was
unwilling to give too much credit to these
reports, and i was determined to perse-
vere until I was satistied, upon the full-
est information, that all further attempts
would be unavailable. From all our in-
telligence it appears that the force of the
enemy in this quarter, distributed be-
tween the environs of Bergen-op-Zoom,
Breda, Lillo, and Antwerp, and cantoned
on the opposite coast, is not less than
35,000 men, and by some statements is es-
timated higher. Though a landing on the
Continent might, I have no doubt, ha-»e
been forced ; yet, as the siege of Antwerp,
the possession of which could alone have
secured to us any of the ulterior objects of
the expedition, was by this state of things
rendered utterly impracticable, such
a measure, if successful, could have led
to no solid advantage ; and the retreat of
the army, which must at an early period
have been inevitable, would have been
exposed to much hazard. The utmost
force (and that daily decreasing) that I
could have brought into the field, after
providing for the occupation of Vv'al-
cheren and South Beveland, wculd have
amounted to about. 23,000 infantry and
2000 cavalry. Your lordship must at
once see, even if the enemy's force had
been less numerous than represented, al-
ter the necessary detachments to observe
the garrison of Bergen-op-Zoom and
Breda, and securing our communications,
how very inadequate a force must have
remained for operations against Lillo and
Leifkenshoeik, and ultimately against
Antwerp ; which town, so far from being
in the state which had been reported, is,
from very correct accounts, represented
to be in a complete state of defence ; and
the enemy's ships had been brought up
and placed in security under the guns of

50S INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONflON GAZETTES,

the citadel. Under these circumstances,
however mortifying to me to see the pro-
gress arrested of an army, from whose good
conduct and valour I had every thing to
hope, I feel that my duty left me no other
course than to close my operations here ;
and it will always be a satisfaction to me to
think, that I have not been induced light-
ly to commit the safety of the army
confided to me, or the reputation of his
majesty's arms. It was an additional sa-
tisfaction to me, to find that the unani-
mous opinion of the lieutenant-generals
• f this army, whom I thought it right to
consult, more out of respect to them, than
that I thought a doubt could be enter-
tained on the subject, concurred entirely
in the sentiments I have submitted to
your lordship. I am concerned to say,
that the effect of the climate at this un-
healthy period of the year, is felt most
seriously, and that the number of sick
already is little short of 3000 men. It
is my intention to withdraw gradually
from the advanced position in this island,
and sending into Walcheren such an ad-
ditional force as may be necessary to se-
cure that important possession, to embark
the remainder of the troops, and to hold
them in readiness to await his majesty's
further commands, which I shall most
anxiously expect. Chatham.

[The "copy of a dispatch from Sir R%
Strachan, dated on board the St. Domin-
go, off Bathz, the 27th ult. follows. The
rear-admiral states, that having made the
necessary naval arrangements for landing
the army near Santfleet, without hearing
from Lord Chatham, he communicated
with his lordship on the 24th, and found
him undecided. On the 2b'th, he attend-
ed, with Rear-admiral Sir R. Keates, a
meeting of the lieutenant-generals of the
armv, when, for the reasons already
stated in Lord Chatham's dispatch, the
ulterior objects of the expedition were
abandoned. Having offered every naval
assistance in reducing the fortresses, and
conceiving the subject of the delibera-
tion to be purely military, he withdrew
with Sir R. Keates. The rear-admiral
then states, that the enemy's ships, which
were five miles above Antwerp, have
come down, and are extended in a line
fronting it, except two of the line, which
are in the reach above Leifkenshoeik,
and four frigates gone to Lillo. An im-
mense number of small gun-boats are
on the boom ; behind then}, a crescent

of GO guns and mortar-brigs : and tb#
battery of 10 guns, between torts Lillo
and Hendrich, is finished, though that on
the Doel side is abandoned.]

[This Gazette likewise contains a let-
ter from Capt. Pagoti, of the Latona fri-
gate, announcing the capture, on the
18th June last, in the West indies, of the
French frigate Felicite, pierced for 42
guns, but having only 14 of her main-
deckers mounted, with 174 men on
board.]

Donning- street, Sept. 4. The follow-
ing dispatches were yesterday received
from Lieut.-gen. Sir J. Stuart, dated Lo-
chia, 5th and 9th July last.

My Lord, — In my dispatch to your
lordship of the 9th ult. from Mi'azzo, I
did myself the honour to acquaint you
with a project which I had formed, in
concert with Rear-admiral Martin, to
make such a movement as, although it
should produce no issue of achievement
to ourselves, might still operate a diver*
sion in favour of our Austrian allies, un-
der the heavy pressure of reverse with
which we had learned, at the period, they
were bravely, but unequally struggling.
The first measure that suggested itself to
our contemplation, was, a menace upon
the kingdom and "the capital of Naples;
and the army, as within detailed, being
embarked, we sailed under convoy of his
majesty's ships Cauopus, Spartiaie, War-
rior, and some frigates and smaller ves-
sels, on the 11th of last month, leaving
orders to the division of his Sicilian ma-
jesty's troops, which had been placed
under mv conduct, and were waiting my
instructions at Palermo, under the com-
mand of Lieut.-gen. de Bourcard, to pro-
< "I'd to a given rendezvous. His Royal
Highness Prince Leopold, I found, at our
principal junction, had embarked with
this division. Our appearance on the
coast of Calabria, which we reached on
the morning of the 13th, had the eflect
of inducing the body of the enemy sta-
tioned in that province-, to abandon, for
the purposes of immediate concentration,
the greater part of their posts along the
shore, when those upon the line opposite
Messina were seized and disarmed by a
corps under Lieut. -col. Smith, who had
been detached from the fleet immedi-
ately after our sailing from Milazzo, with
pro visionary orders for that purpose. — •
Major-gen. Mackenzie, who had sailed

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FRO?,I THE LONDON GAZETTES.

509

with me, as designed to bear a part in
this expedition, returned also, at my re- (
quest, about this period, for the general
(superintendence of these services, as well
«s to hold the general command in Si-
cily, which becomes a charge so im-
portant during the term of our present
operations. — On the 24th ult. the ad-
vanced division of the British and Sicilian
fleet, namely, that which contained the
British troops, anchored oil' Cape Miseno,
in the vicinity of Baisb, when our prepa-
rations were immediately made for a de-
barkation upon, the island of Ischia.j
and the necessary arrangements and dis-
positions of boats being entrusted by the
admiral to Sir F. Laforey, a descent was
forced on the following morning by the
troops named in the margin*, command-
ed by Major-gen. Mac Farlane, under
the immediate fire of his majesty's ships
Warrior and Success, aided by the British
and Sicilian gun-boats, in the face of a
formidable chain of batteries, with
which every accessible part of the shore
was perfectly fortified. These were
turned, and successively abandoned, as
our troops gained their footing. About
230 or, 300 men of the first legere, in the
first instance fell into our hands. Gen.
Colonna, who commanded, retired with
his principal force into the castle, where
he rejected a summons from Major-gen.
Mac Farlane, and held out until the 30th
ult. when, a breaching battery having
been erected against his works, he sur-
rendered upon terms of capitulation. As
it was conjectured by the admiral and
myself that the success and promptitude
with which the landing upon Ischia was
effected, might probably operate an
influence upon the adjacent garrison of
Procida, a summons was immediately
sent to the commandant thereof, who,
in the course of the day, submitted to
our proposed terms — an event which con-
tributed most fortunately to the a'most
entire capture or destruction of a flotilla
of about 40 heavy gun-boats, which
attempted their passage during the night
and following morning to Naples from
«- - . — . — , . _ —

* Troops that landed under the command
of Major-gen. Mac Farlane, assisted !>y the
Hon. Brig-gen. Lumley: — 1st. bat. light in-
fantry, 850; 2d bat. light infantry (foreign),
330; 8 1st regt. Goo ; Corsican rangers, 400;
detachment Calabrian free corps, 150; :n t ti-
lery staff corps, ike. 50 — amounting to j:j:;o
men ; with four 6- pounders, and two howitzers.

S*p. Vol. //.

Gaeta, and expected to find protection,
as well as co-operation, under the artil-
lery of the fortress, in their passage
through the narrow streight that separates
the island from the main. — This import-
ant service was executed by Capt. Staines,
of his Majesty's shipCyane, assisted by
the Espoir sloop, and the British and
Sicilian gun -boats. It is with regret I
add, that in a subsequent intrepid attack
upon the frigate and corvette of the
enemy in the bay, the above gallant
officer has received a wound, which must
for some time deprive the service of his
assistance. — The amount of prisoners who
have fallen into our hands already ex-
ceeds 1500 regular troops, exclusive of
their killed and wounded, both of mili-
tary and marine, in different partial en-
counters, which we have reason to think
are considerable. Among the prisoners
are a general of brigade, two colonels,
and upwards of 70 officers of progressive
ranks. Nearly 100 pieces of ordnance,
with their corresponding stores, have also
become our capture. It is with much
greater satisfaction, however, my lord,
than any that can be derived from these
local or momentary advantages, that I
contemplate our success in the material
and important object of diversion for
which this expedition was designed. A
considerable body of troops which had
been recently detached from Naples as a
reinforcement to the army in Upper Italy,
as well as almost the whole cf the troops
which had been sent into the Roman
states to aid the late usurpation of the
Papal dominions, were precipitately re-
called on our first appearance on the
coast; and I venture to hope, that the
check which has been operated, and
which I shall endeavour to preserve, will
have already, though remotely, con-
tributed to support, the efforts of our brave
allies. The preponderating regular ibrce
which the enemy has now assembled in
the contiguity of Naples, aided by a
large body of national guards, preclude
the hope at this moment of any attack
upon the capital. But our footing upon
these healthy islands (which were essen-
tially necessary to us as a temporary
lodgment as well as depot), in affording
us the earliest means of information, is
also a position from which we can profit
from circumstances, and can move with-
facility and promptitude to ulterior ob-
jects; whiie our enemy, who are ob-:erv-
3Y

510 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

ing us from the unwholesome plains of
Eaiie, must be kept on the alert by tl •
uncertainty of our operations, and haras
scil by the necessity of corresponding
with our every movement. — A flotilla of
gun-boats, which 1 found it necessary to
tit out at Messina to aid the army in that
narrow streight, under the direction of
(.'apt. Reade, of the q. -m. -general's
department, has acquired the appro-
bation of the admiral by their conduct
Upon this service. Capt. Cameron, of
the 21st regiment, who commanded a
division of these boats, is unfortunately
among the few who have fallen. The
harmony and perfect concert that have
subsisted between the naval and military
branches upon this duty, and between
his majesty's forces and those of his
Sicilian majesty ; the great disposition
to concurrence and support which I have
received from Lieut. -gen. Lord Forbes,
and the other general officers, the able
arrangements of the adjutant-general's
and the q.-m. -general's departments
tinder Major-gen. Campbell and Lieut. -
col. Bunbury, as well as those of the
ordnance branches under Lieut.-cols.
Bryce and Lemoine ; the providence of the
commissariat and medical departments
under Mr. Burgman and Dr. Franklin ;
and the zeal, readiness, and good-will of
the army throughout, are the means by
which I am prepared to avail myself of*
opportunities to prosecute further a ser-
vice, the plans and progress hitherto of
which I humbly hope will meet his ma-
jesty's most gracious approbation.

J. Stuart.

[Here follow the articles of capitula-
tion of the castle of Ischia ; the prin-
cipal conditions of which were, that the
garrison should march out with the
honours of war, and be conducted as pri-
soners of war to Malta, there to be ex-
changed as soon as possible, and that
none of the inhabitants should be mo-
lested for their political opinions.]

[Then follow the articles of capitula-
tion of the island of Procida, by which
the island was surrendered to his Sicilian
majesty, the garrison to be sent prisoners
of war to Malta, there to be exchanged,
private property to be respected, and the
inhabitants not to be molested for their
past political opinions.]
Killed and wounded belonging to the army under

the commando/ Ljeut.-gen Sir J. Stuart, K B.

%c between the 24th and :ii\th of June.

Ischia, July 4. 21st foot, 1 subaltern killed.
—6th batt. lath King's Genu. leg. l iauk and

file (riflernui) killed; 3 rank ai'd file (l rifle-
man) wounded. — Corsican rangers, l'captain,
1 serjeant, 2 rank and file wounded. — Cala
blian tree Corps, 1 bugle, 1 rank and tile killed ;

1 serjeant wounded, — Army flotilla, 2 marines
killed ; 'i marines wounded.— Total, ] sub-
altern, 1 bugle, 2 rank and file, 2 marines
killed ; 1 < ;>ptaiu, 2 Serjeants. 5 rank and file,

2 marines, wounded Officers killed and
wounded: 21st toot, Lieut. Cameron, doing
duty with the flotilla, killed. — Corsican ran-
gers, Capt. Arata, wounded,

J. Campbell, Major-gen. AG.

[Here follows a return of ordnance
and ordnance stores taken in the islands
of Ischia and Procida, viz. — In Ischia,
47 brass and iron guns, and a great quan-
tity of round, case, and grape shot. —
In Procida, 5 1 iron and brass guns, and
an immense quantity of shot ol various
descriptions.]

[A second dispatch from Lieut. -gen.
Stuart, here follows, dated Ischia, July !>,
stating that Lieut. -col. Smith having been
detached with the 10th and the 21st re-
giments, and the Chasseurs Britanniques,
with orders to occupy and disarm the
posts upon the streights opposite to
Messina upon the retreat of the enemy,
was in the first instance unsuccessful in
his attempt to reduce the castle of Scylla,
from the sudden re-appearance of a large
preponderating force of the enemy,
which constrained Lieut.-col. S. to raise,
the siege, and embark for Messina,
without, however, sustaining any other
loss than that of his besieging train, h
fortunately, however, proved only a sa-
crifice of the moment ; for, by official
reports from Major- gen. Mackenzie, it
appears that on the night of the 2d, the
enemy, from some sudden panic, re-
treated again from the coast, having pre*
viously blown up the works of Scylla,
and not only left the captured stores,
but an immense quantity of ordnance
and stores of their own, which had been
placed in depot. Major-gen. Mackenzie
mentions in particular, that 30 pieces of
brass cannon had been thrown from the
rock into the sea, from whence there
could be no difficulty in raising them,
the water being extremely shallow. These
stores had been progressively assembling,
by means of coasting navigation, for a
considerable time past, as preparatory to
the long menaced and really intended in-
vasion of the kingdom of Sicily.]
Re'.vrn of casualties in the division of the army
under the orders of Lieut.- col. Smith, 27tfi
regt.from the 13th to the 26'/' of June. ,
Royal artillery, 1 mule killed ; 2 rank and
file wounded j 4 horses, 1 1 mules, missing. —

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 511

loth foot, 2 rank and file missing. — 21st foot,

1 captain, 1 r . k • ad lid , killed ; 7 i«uk and
file wounded; a captains, -j subalterns, 4
serjeants, 2 drummers, 76 rank and rile, pri-
soners; 7 rank and file missing. — Chasseurs
Britaoniqucs, 13 rank and file raissiug —
Dillon's regiment, 2 rank am! file missing.— -
Tot;;l, 1 captain, 1 rank and file, 1 mule,
killed: t* rank ami file wounded; J contains,

2 subaStt ns, 4 Serjeants, 3 drummers, 7ti
)u k and ■- pri 1 ers; .4 .ink ;.:id file,
4 horses, : i iu!es, mis ing

Nan and lakenpri ■iters:

— 'jlst foot, Captain Hunter, killed ; Captains
Mackaj aud Conran, Lieuts. M'Nab and
Mackay, taken prisoners',

J". Campbell, Major-gen.

[This Gazette also contains h< copy of
a dispatch from Major gen. Cai nichael,
announcing tiie surrender of the city 01
-St. Domingo to the united British and
Spanish forces on ;he 7 ill July. The
English force employed on this occasion
consisted f troops from Jamaica, v\hicli
place they left on the 7th June, landed at
St. Domingo on the 28th ; and in conse-
quence of demonstrations made bv Gen.
Carmichael for storming the city, the
French General Barquier capitulated.
The terms were, that the troops should
march out with the honours of war, but
surrender as prisoners of war, and be
sent to France to be exchanged. The
officer.^ to retain their swords and wearing
apparel, and be sent to France on their
parole not to serve until exchanged.
Private property to be respected, and
public property to be given an account
of.- — Not a man was lost either by shot or
sickness. The city and fortress have since
J>eeti delivered up to the Spaniards to
garrison.]

Doxcning-strect, Sept. 7. Dispatches,
of which the following are copies and ex-
tracts, were this day received-

Truxillo, Jug. 10.
My Lord, — I wrote some days ago a let-
ter to the French commander in chief,
which I sent to him by Lieut.*- colonel
Walters, to request his care and attention
to the wounded officers and soldiers cf the
British army, who had fallen into his
hands, in return for the care and attention
which I had paid to the French officers
and soldiers who had fallen into my hands
at different times; and that, he would al-
low money to be sent to the officers ; and
that officers who should not be deemed
prisoners of war, might be sent to super-
intend and take care of the soldiers, till
they should recover from their wounds,

when the officers should be sent to join tha
British army. I received a very civil
answer from Marshal Mortier, promising
that every care should be taken, and
every attention paid to the British officers
and soldiers who were wounded; but
stating, that he con id not answer upon the
other demands contained in my letter,
j having been obliged to refer them to the
i commander in chief. Since the receipt of
' his letter, Mr.'Dillon, the assistant-com-
missary, has arrived fromTalavera, having
' been taken prisoner near Cevolla on the
i 27th of July, previous to the action, and
having been allowed to come away. He
reports that the British officers and soldiers
who are wounded, are doing remarkably
well, and are well fed and taken care of;
indeed lie s; ys preferably to the French
troops. 1 propose to send Col. Wallers
with another flag of truce to-morrow
morning, and a letter to the commander
in chief of the French army, requesting
that a sum of money which I shall send,
may be given to the officers; and I shall
endeavour to establish a cartel of ex-
change as soon as possible.

A. Wellesley.

Truxillo, Aug. 21.
My Lord, — When I matched from Ta-
iavera on the 3d hist, with a view to op-
pose the French corps which we had
heard had passed. through die Puerto de
Banos, and had arrived a. Piacencia, Sir
R. Wilson was detached upon the left or
the army, towards Escalona; and before
I marched on that morning, I put him in
communication with the Spanish General
Cuesta, who, it had been settled, was to
remain at Talavera. 1 understood that
Gen. Cuesta put Sir Robert in communi-
cation with his advanced guard, which
retired from Talavera on the night of the
t-th. Sir R. Wilson, however, did not ar-
rive at Valada till the night of the 4th,
having made a long march through the
mountains ; and as he was then six leagues
from the bridge of Arzo Bispb, and had
to cross the high road from Oropesa
to Talavera, of which the enemy was in
possession, he conceived that he was too
late to retire to Arzo Bispo, and he deter-
mined to move by Venta St. Julien, and
Centimello, towards the Tietar, and across*
that river towards the mountains which
.-. iara eCastille.fromEstramadura. Some
of Sir R. \v ilson's dispatches having miss-
ed me, I am not aware by which of the
passes l.e went through the mountains aut
3Y 2

512 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

I believe by Toraavacas. He arrived, |
however, at Banos on the 11th, and on
the l-'tli was attacked and defeated by J
the Fre ich corps of Marshal Ney, which
vviui that of Souit, returned to Placencia
on the 9th, lOih, and 11th, that of Ney
having since gone on towards Salamanca. I
inclose ;i< \i. Wilson's account of the ac-
tion. He has been very active, intclli-
gent, and useful in the command of the
Portuguese and Spanish corps with which
he was detached from this army. Before
the battle of the 28th of July, he has
pushed his parties almost to the gates of
Madrid, with which city he was in com-
munication ; and he would have been in
Madrid, if I had not thought it proper to
call hnn in, in expectation of that general
action which took place on the 28th of
July. He afterwards alarmed the enemy
on the right of his army ; and, through-
out the service, shewed himself to be an
active intelligent partizan, well acquaint-
ed with the country in which ho was act-
ing, and possessing the confidence of the
troo :s which he commanded. Being per-
suaded that his retreat was not open bv
Arzi Bispo, he acted right in taking the
road he did, with which he was well ac-
quainted ; and although unsuccessful in
the action which he fought, (which mav
well be accounted for, by the superior
numbers and description of the enemy's
troops,) the action, in my opinion, does'
him great credit.

Arthur Wellesley.
Miranda de Castenar, Aug. 13.
Sir, — I have the honour to acquaint you
that I was on march yesterday morning
on the road of Grenadelia from Aldea
Neuva, to restore my communication with
the allied army, when a peasant assured
Us, th.it a considerable quantity of dust
which we perceived in the road to Placen-
cia, proceeded from the march of a bodv
of the enemy. I immediately returned
and took post in front of Banos, with my
pickets in advance of Aldea Neuva, se-
lecting such points for defence as the ex-
igency of the time permitted. The ene-
my's cavalry advanced on the high road,
and drove back ray small cavalry posts ;
but. a picket of Spanish infantry, which I
had concealed, poo red in on the cavalry
a steady and well-directed fire, that killed
and wounded many of them. The 200
Spanish infantry in advance of Aldea
Neuva, continued, under the direction of
Colonel Grant and their officers, to main-

tain their ground most gallantly, until
the enemy's cavalry and chasseurs a che-
val, in considerable bodies, appeared on
both flanks, when they were obliged to
retreat. The enemy's chasseurs a cheval
and cavalry advanced in great numbers
in every direction, and pushed to cut off
the legion posted between Aldea Neuva
and Banos ; but, by the steady conduct
of officers and men, tlu enemy could
only advance gradually, and with a very
severe loss, from the commanding fire
thrown on them. The Merida battalion,
however, having given way on the right,
a road was laid open, which cut behind
our position, and I was obliged to order a
retreat on the heights above Banos, when
I was again necessitated to detach a corps,
in order to scour the road of Monte Ma-
jor, by which I saw the enemy directing
a column, and which road turned alto-
gether the Puerto de Banos a league iiv
our rear. xU this time, Don Carlos Mar-
quis de Estrague came up with his bat-
talion of light infantry, and in the most
gallant manner took post along the heights
commanding the road of Banos, which
enabled me to send some of the Merida
battalion on the mountain on our left
commanding the main road, and which
the enemy had tried to ascend. The bat-
talion of light infantry, the detachment
of the legion on its right, continued, not-
withstanding the enemy's tire of artillery
and musketry, to maintain their ground ;
but, at six o'clock in the evening, three
columns of the enemy mounted the
heights on our left, gained it, and poured
such a fire on the troops below, that
longer defence was impracticable, and
the whole was obliged to retire on the
mountains on our left, leaving open the
main road, along which a considerable
column o'f cavalry immediately poured.
The battalion of Seville had been left at
Bejar, with orders to follow me next day ;
but when 1 was obliged to return, and
the action commenced, I ordered it to
Puerto Banos, to watch the Monte Major
road, and the heights in the rear of our
left. When the enemy's cavalry came
near, an officer and some dragoons called
out to the commanding officer to surren-
der; but a volley killed him and his par-
ty, and then the battalion proceeded to
mount the heights ; in which movement,
it was attacked and surrounded by a co-
lumn of cavalry and a column of infan-
' try, but cut its way and cleared itselt

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 513

killing a great many of the enemy, espe-
cially of his cavalry. The enemy is now
passing to Salamanca with great expe-
dition: I lament that I could no longer
arrest his progress; but, when the enor-
mous superiority of the enemy's force is
considered, and that ue had no artillery,
and that the Puerto de Banos, on the Ls-
tramaduran side, is not a pass of such
strength as on the side of Castillo, espe-
cially without guns, I hope that a resist-
ance for nine hours, which must have
cost the enemy a great many men, will
not be deemed inadequate to our means.
I have to acknowledge the services ren-
dered me on this occasion by Col. Grant, I
Major Reirnan, Don Fermen Marquis, j
adj. majorof the dragoons of Pavia, Capt.
Charles and Mr. Bolman ; and to express !
the greatest approbation of two compa-
nies of the Merida battalions advanced in
front, and of the commanding officer and
soldiery of the battalions of Seville, and
the Portuguese brigade. I have already
noticed the distinguished conduct of Don
Carlos, and his battalion merits the high-
est encomiums. I have not yet been able
to collect the returns of our loss. From
the nature of mountain warfare, many
men are missing who cannot join for a
day or two, but I believe the enemy will
only have to boast that he has achieved
his passage, and his killed and wounded
will be a great diminution of his victory.

Rokf.rt Wilson.
Sir Arthur WcUesley, fyc. <Yc.

Next is an article describing some un-
important movements of Cuesta, and stat-
ing that that general resigned the com-
mand of the Spanish army on the I '2th,
on account of the bad state of his health.
The command devolved upon General
Equia. The head-quarters of the Spa-
nish army were at Delcvtosa. Vanegas
being repulsed on the 1 lth, was obliged
to retreat towards the Sierra Morena.
The French force was distributed as fol-
lows : Marshal Victor's corps is divided
between Talavera and LaMancha; Se-
bastiani's is in La Mancha ; Marshal
Mortier's at Oropesa, Arzobispo, and Na-
valmoral ; Marshal Souk's at Placencia ;
and Marshal Ney's at Salamanca. — "Dis-
tress for want of provisions," says Lord
Wellington, " and its effects, have at last
obliged me to move towards the frontiers
of Portugal, in order to refresh my
troops."

Lord Collingwood has transmitted two
letters from Capt. Stewart, of his majes-

ty's ship Seahorse, and one from Capt.
Maxwell, of his majesty's ship Alceste,
detailing their proceedings on the coast of
Italy. Captain Stewart reports the de-
struction of the enemy's forts on the smalt
islands Gianuti and Pianoso, in which
services great gallantry appears to have
been displayed. About 100 of the ene-
my were made prisoners. One private
marine of the Seahorse only was killed,
and another wounded. Capt. Maxwell
states the destruction of two gun- boats
at Terarina, by the Alceste and Cyane ;
the bringing oil" from a depot of timber
on the coast as much wood as the two
ships could carry ; and the demolition of
three strong Martello towers by a de-
tachment of seamen and marines. Lord
Collingwood at the same time communi-
cates an account he had received from
Capt. Duncan, of the Mercury, of the de-
struction of a number of trabaccolos and
other vessels, on the beach of Rolti, near
Manfredonia, by the boats of that ship,
under Lieut. Gordon.

A letter transmitted by Lord Colling-
wood from (.'apt. Raitt, commander of his
majesty's sloop the Scout, gives an ac-
count of the boats of that sloop having
carried an enemy s battery, near Cape
Croisette, on the coast of France, and
captured and destroyed seven sail of the
enemy's coasters, which had taken shel-
ter under it. One man was killed, and
five wounded.

Lord Collingwood has transmitted ano-
ther letter from Captain Raitt, giving
an account of a gallant attack made on
the 15th July, by a party of seamen and
marines, under the direction of Lieut.
Buttcrsby, on a strong battery, which
commanded the port of Carry, between
Marseilles and the Rhone. The fort was
carried without any loss on our side, and
all the guns in it spiked; five of the ene-
my were killed, and seven made prison-
ers.

Lord Collingwood has transmitted a let-
ter from Capt. Brenton of his majesty's
ship the Spartan, giving an account of the
reduction of the citadel and batteries on
the island of Lussin, on the coast of Cro-
atia, on the 10th of May last, by that ship
acting in concert with a detachment of
Austrian troops, under the command of
Lieut.-col. Baron Ocharnick. The garri-
son, consisting of one hundred and seven-
ty men, was compelled to surrender at dis-
cretion.

Lord Collingwood has also inclosed a

511; INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

letter from Capt. Bullen of the Voloataire,
giving an account of the destruction of
Fort Rioux, on the coast of France, and
the capture of five vessels which it pro-
tected.

A letter to Lord Collingwood, from
Adin. Martin, dated t he Canopus, at an-
chor, S. Jb. end of the island of Jschia, July
2, gives a detail of the late proceedings
along the coast of Naples, when the
islands of Ischia and Procida were taken.
Eigh'een yun-boats belonging to the ene-
my a ere taken, and four destroyed, bv
our squadron, under the immediate direc-
tion of Capt. Staines of the Cvane. The
admiral then says — " No language which
I am master of, can convey to your lord^
fchip an adequate idea of the gallantry,
judgment, and good conduct, displayed
by Capt. Staines. From the time of our
arrival before the bay of Naples, he was
frequently engaged with the batteries
and gun- boats near Baiae ; captured a
polacca from thence with troops destined
for Procida ; landed himself, supported
by some Sicilian gun-boats, and destroy-
ed a battery, with which he had been
for some time engaged, of four 42-
pounders and a 10-inch mortar: and on
the 27th of June, Captains Staines and
Mitford attacked the enemy's frigate and
corvette, which, with a number of gun-
boats, were mooring from Baiae to the
Mole of Naples." They were, however,
unable to continue the action. Captain
Staines has lost his left arm out of the
socket at his shoulder, and is wounded
also in the side, but is in a fair way of
recovery. Lieut. Hall is also severely
wounded in the thigh and arm, but there
is every reason to hope he will do well.

In the action of the 26th of June,
there were two men killed and seven
wounded on board the Cyane.

On the 27th, in the action with the
frigate and gun-boats, there were two
men killed, and two officers and eighteen
men wounded.

Lord Collingwood incloses a letter from
Capt. Griffiths, giving an account of his
having, on the 31st of May, made an
attack with the boats of the Topaze, on
nine of the enemy's vessels lying at
anchor in the road of Demata, on the
coast of Albania, which were with great
gallantry boarded and brought out, not-
withstanding the opposition of a very
superior force ; three of them being
vessels regularly armed for war, and in

complete preparation for resistance. One
marine was killed, and one seaman
slightly wounded.

A letter from Captain Barrie, of his
ma,csry's ship Pomone, mentions the
capture on the 13th of June, of the
Neapolitan privateer Le Lucien Charles,
a new bombarde of about 60 tons; she
mounts one 12 and two (i-poundeis, with
a complement of 53 men.

A letter from Capt. Campbell, of his
majesty's ship Nassau, gives an account
of the capture of the Jean Bart, French
lugger privateer, of four guns and twenty-
five men.

Admiralty-office. Sept. 12. Letter trans-
mitted bv ^ir J. Saurnerez, to the Hon.
W. \V\ Pole.

Lynx, off Dais Head, Aug. 13.

Sir, — Yesterday, on my way to re-
sume my station, his majesty's gun brig
Monkey in company (after leaving the
Melpomene';, convoy',) 1 saw a lugger to
the south-east, to which 1 gave chase ;
and on standing in shore discovered two
others, who immediately weighed and
anchored within the reef oft' Dais head,
where the other joined them, and drew up
in line, hoisting Danish colours, the larger
one with springs on her cable. The wa-
ter being too shoal to enable the Lynz to
get within gun-shot of them, at four p. m.
I ordered Lieutenant Fitzgerald, in the
Monkey, with the boats of the Lynx un-
der Lieut. Kelly, first of the sloop, to at-
tack them. On the approach of the brig,
the luggers opened their fire on her,
which was not returned till she anchored
about half-gun-shot from them (just at
which time she took the ground, but was
got off without damage), and after two
broadsides, the luggers cut their cables
and ran on shore, where they attempted
to scuttle them; but by the well di-
rected fire of the carronade in the launch,
they were instantly driven out of them,
boarded, and their own guns turned on
them before they were enabled to do
them much injury, and by five o'clock
this morning, the whole were alloat again.
The enemy once or twice attempted to*
annoy our people with musketry, but
thev were instantly dispersed by the ma-
rines of the Lynx. To Lieut. Fitzgerald,
of the Monkey, great credit is due for his
conducting that brig through a very in-
tricate channel, with the wind on shore,
and for the very judicious manner in
which she was placed. To Lieut. Kelly,,

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 515

and the officers and men in the Lynx's

boats, great credit is due; and it gives
rue particular satisfaction in adding, this
little piece of service has been performed
without a single man being hurt en our
part. Before the Danes quitted the
largest lugger, they placed a cask of pow-
der close to the fire-place, with the evi-
dent intention of blowing the vessel up,
and as it was not discovered till some
time after she was taken, the escape was
most providential: this disgraceful mode
of warfare should be known, to be guard-
ed against. , J. W. Marshall.

Luggers'1 Names: — dipt. Jepen, pierced for
10 guns, 4 guns and 4 howitzers mounted, and
45 men; 2 howitzers thrown overboard. —
!Name unknown, 4 guns and 20 men. — Specu-
lation, 8 guns and 19. men; 2 guns thrown
overboard.

Sir J. Saumarez has .also transmitted to
the Hon. W. W. Pole, a letter from Lieut.
Wells, commanding the Idas (2) hired
cutter, giving an account of his having
captured the Danish cutler privateer Flo-
ra, of six guns and 30 men, about nine
miles from the Scaw. She had been six
weeks out from Copenhagen, and had
made but one capture, a Danish vessel,
which had been previously taken by his
Majesty's sloop Albert, and which was
also recaptured bv the Idas.

Adiniraltij-ofjice, Sept. 16. Letter to
Vice-admiral Whitshed, commander in
chief on the coast, of Ireland.

Helena, at Sea, Sept. 1 .

Sir, — I have the honour to acquaint
you, that his Majesty's sloop under my
command, captured this afternoon Le Ja-
son, French lugger privateer, pierced for
10 guns, and 44 men, after a chase of 70
miles.

I am, &c. J. A. Worth. .

Admiralty-office, Sept. 19. Letters
transmitted by Sir J. B. Warren.

11. 31. sloop Bonne Citoyenne,
Halifax, Aug. 1 .

Sir, — I have the honour to acquaint
you, for the information of my Lords
Commissioners of the Admiralty, that on
the 1 8th of June, having sailed from Spit-
head in company with his majesty's ship
Inflexible, and the Quebec trade, on the
2d of July, in lat. 44 degrees north, long,
27 degrees west, I had the misfortune to
lose sight of the convoy in reconnoitering
a strange suspicious sail astern ; and by
traversing between the parallels of 43

and 44 degrees north, edging to the west-
ward in proportion to the distance J sup-
posed they would sail with such winds,
in order to regain the fleet, I had the
good fortune, on the 5th, at three p. m.
in lat. 43 deg. 41 min. north, and long.
34 west, to fall in with a French frijraty
iti the act of taking possession of a large
English merchant ship, which they short-
ly relinquished on our approach, and
steered to the northward under a press
of sail. Finding they did not answer the
private signal, I immediately bore up in
pursuit, and, after a chace of 13 hours, at
'25 inin. past nine a. in. on the 6tb, had
die satisfaction to lay his Majesty's sloop
alongside within pistol shot of the enemy,
who had brought to, to engage us. A brisk
cannonade, with round and grape, imme-
diately commenced, and the combat con-
tinued with nnbated fury, gradually clos-
ing until lb min. past four a. m. when
our powder being nearly all expended, I
determined to carry her by boarding,
with all hands, and at the instant of lay-
ing heraboard for that purpose, ility called
out they had surrendered to his majesty's
sloop. Thus ended a conflict obstinately
maintained for o hours and 50 minutes,
during which the enemy hied away more
than 70 broadsides, whilst his majesty's
sloop, not less sparing, discharged 129
destructive broadsides, alternately from
the starboard and larboard ?>ides, as cir-
cumstances would permit me to change
her position with advantage, so as to avoid
the necessity of slackening our fire from
the gunsbeingoverheated, three of which
were dismounted and rendered useless
early in the action. She proved to be La
Furieuse, a frigate of the largest French
class, that escaped from the Saintes on
the 1st April, commanded by Capt. Le
Marant Ker Daniel, pierced for 48 guns,
but having only twelve 42-pound carro-
nades and two long 24-pounders on the
main deck, with six of smaller calibre ;
40 soldiers at small arms, her full propor-
tion of officers, and a complement of 200
men, besides the colonel, two lieutenants,
and a detachment of the 66th regime nt of
the line; partly loaded with sugar and
coffee, and sailed from La-se Terre the
1 1-th June, bound to France ; is seven
years old, and sails very fast. After a
hard contested action, a most arduous
duty still remained to he performed. Oa
taking possession, we ['-.uud the frigate ;n
a most perilous state, 14 shot-holes be-

516 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

tween wind and water, and five feet wa-
ter in her hold ; her topmasts, and all
her yards (except the cross-jack and
spritsail) shot away; and her lower masts

to this port, where I arrived with t!i£
prize on the 1st iflst. the Bonne Cito-
yenne requiring three lower masts, top-
masts, &c. to enable her to proceed in the

list of the kined and wounded; and I am
happy to say our loss has been inconceiv-
ably small, which i can attribute only to
the lowness of the Bonne Cheyenne's
hull, and being so close under the enemy's
guns \V. Molncey.

Killed and wounded on board the Bonne
Citvyenne: — W. Pokes, seaman, killed; J«
Anderson, R. Can-, R. Lawrence, and W.
Gordon, seamen, badly wounded; R. Chap-
man, marine, ditto. The Furieuse: — Two
quarter- Masters, 27 seamen, and fj soldier*
killed. The first captain, two lieutenants^
two midshipmen, foar cannon ievs, 19 seamen,
one lieutenant of artillery, and seven soldiers,
dangerously wounded. — Total killed and
wounded, 71.

Admiralty-office, Sept. 23. A letter
from Capt. M'Kinley of the Lively, to
Yice-Adm. Campbell, announces the cap-
ture, by the Plover, Capt. Brown, his
Majesty's ships Lively and Isis in com-
pany, of the new French lugger priva-
teer Aurore, of 1 6 guns, and 69 men.

so badly wounded, as to render it almost j prosecution of their lordships' orders.

impossible to prevent them from falling, :' 1 have the honour herewith to inclose a

viih more than 70 men killed and wound-
ed : whilst his majesty's sloop was re-
duced to a mere wreck, having all her

lower masts badly wounded in several

places, as well as the fore and main top-
masts and mizen topmast shot away,

nearly all the standing, and every part of

the running rigging, sails, boats, &e. cut

to pieces. After securing the prisoners

(the weather being very favourable dur-
ing the night), by the exertions of Mr.

Sandom, second lieutenant, and Mr. At-

water, the carpenter, several of the most

dangerous shot-holes were stopped, so as

to enable them to keep the ship free ; but

all their efibrts to save her masts proved j

ineffectual, as the main and mizen masts j

went overboard the next day, leaving j

the bare foremast standing, wounded in 1

three places.

The indefatigable exertions of every |

officer and man in the Bonne Citoyenne

in fishing and securing the masts, so as to

be able to take the frigate in tow, and
surmounting every other difficulty, merits
my warmest praise and admiration ; and
1 feel highly gratified in reporting to their
lordships, that nothing could exceed the
animated zeal and unwearied intrepidity
of the officers, seamen, and royal marines,
whom I have the honour to command, in
a contest with an enemy apparently 01' .so
great a superiority of force; and I beg-
particularly to mention the able assistance
that 1 received from Mr. Symes, the first,
Mr Sandom, the second lieutenant, and
Mr. Williamson, the master, which great-
ly contributed to the success of the ac-
tion ; Mr. Scott, the purser, Mr. J. Black,
and Mr. M'Aully, passengers, in the
handsomest manner volunteered their ser-
vices, assisted at the guns, and wher-
ever they could make themselves most
useful ; and Mr. Stuart, the surgeon,
deserves much praise, for his humanity
and great attention to our own as well as
the wounded prisoners : indeed the pati-
ence with which all hands have borne the
extreme fatigue and privation of being
constantly on deck for 25 days and nights,
does them infinite merit and urges me
to so long a detail. Thus circumstanced,
I was induced to make the best of my way

At the Council chamber at the Queen's
Palace, the 27th Sept.
It is ordered that the Lord Archbishop
of Canterbury do prepare the form of a
prayer and thanksgiving to Almighty God
for the protection attbrded the King's Ma-
jesty during a long and an arduous reign ;
such prayer to be used in the service ap-
pointed for the day, after the general
thanksgiving, in all churches and chapels
in England and Wales, and town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, on Wednesday
the 25th of October, being the day on
which his Majesty began his happy reign.

October 24.
By the King.— A PROCLAMATION,
For pardoning all seamen and marines
tvlio may ui any time have deserted from
his Majesty's service.

GEORGE R.
Whereas we are desirous to mark the
50ih anniversary of our accession to the
throne, by extending our pardon to all
seamen and marines who may at any time
have deserted from our service previous
to the issuing of this our royal procla-
mation : We have thought fit, by and
with the advice of our privy council, to

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 517

publish this our royal proclamation ; and
do hereby accordingly grant our most
gracious pardon to ail such seamen as
may at any time have deserted from any
of our ships or vessels of war: and we
do hereby further grant our most gracious
pardon to all marines who may at any
time have deserted from our service : id
We do hereby declare, that all such -ea-
men and marines, whether surrendi ring
themselves or not, or who having de-
serted, are now belonging to some of our
ships or vessels of war. or are at the
head -quarters, of our royal marine forces,
or are belonging to recruiting parties of
the said forces, shall be released and dis-
charged from all prosecutions, imprison-
ments, and penalties, commenced or in-
curred by reason of such desertion: and
that all such seamen or marines who have
not before the issuing of this our royal
proclamation, surrendered themselves,
nor entered on board our ships or vessels,
nor joined the headquarters or recruiting
parties of the royal marines, shall, never-
theless, receive our free pardon, without
condition of further service, or being re-
quired to join any of our ships, or the
head-quarters or recruiting parties above-
mentioned ; but that such pardon shall
not entide the said deserters, whether
seamen or marines, to any arrears of pay,
or to any prize money forfeited by such
desertion: and we do further declare that
such free pardon shall not extend to any
seamen or marines who shall desert from
any of our ships or vessels, or from marine
quarters or recruiting parties, after the
24th day of this instant October.

Given at our Court at the Queen's
Palace, the 18th day of October, 1809,
in the 4-9 th year of our reign,

God save the King.

PROCLAMATION

Tor pardoning deserters from his Ma-
jesty's land forces.
War-office, Oct. 21, 1809.
Whereas it has been humbly submit-
ted to the king, whether, on the joyful
occasion of his majesty 's entering into
the 50th year of his reign, it might not
be desirable to distinguish so memorable
an epoch by an act of grace to all desert-
ers ; and his majesty having graciously
approved of his free pardon being ex-
tended to all such deserters from his land
forces as shall deliver themselves up with-
Sup. Vol. II.

in two months from the 2.5th inst : These
are publicly to declare his majesty's be-
nevolent intention, and to direct, that all
deserters, surrendering themselves to the
commanding officer t)f any regiment, or
to any of the superintending field-officers
of the recruiting service, v. hose stations
are mentioned in die margin* hereof;
to the commandant of the army depot in
the Isle of Wight; or, where there is no
military post, to a magistrate, shall be
pardoned ; and are hereby pardoned ac-
cordingly.

Such deserters, if from the regular for-
ces, being able-bodied men and fit for
service, shall be sent to the regiments
from which they respectively deserted, or
be appointed to such regiments in the
united kingdom as his majesty may be
pleased to command ; and, when so plac-
ed, shall not be liable to be claimed by
any other corps to which they may for-
merly have belonged ; and if from the
militia, shall be sent to the regiments to
which they respectively belonged.

And whereas many of die said desert-
ers may have enlisted in other corps, and
are now serving therein, his majesty is
graciously pleased to extend to such de-
serters the benefit of this pardon ; and to
direct that they shall continue to serve
in the corps wherein they now are, upon
declaring themselves to their respective
commanding officers, on or before the
period above-mentioned ; and they shall
not be liable, at any future time, to be
claimed by the regiments in which they
formerly served.

The magistrate to whom any deserter,
as above, may surrender himself, is au-
thorized and required to certify the day
on which such deserter surrendered him-
self; which certificate is to continue in
force until the arrival of the deserter at
the nearest military post, provided he
proceed at the rate of ten miles a day,
unless prevented by sickness, to be cer-
tified by some medical practitioner on the-
back of the magistrate's certificate, or to
be otherwise proved to the satisfaction of
the officer commanding at such military
post.

His majesty has further been pleased
to direct, that deserters now actually in

* Durham, Carlisle, Lec<!--, IVIanchester,
Nottingham, Ipswich, Shrewsbury, Birming-
ham, Hereford, Bedford, Maidstone, Glou-
cester, Southampton, Wells, Loudon.

518 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES,

confinement as such, shall have the be- R
Ueht of this his royal pardon.

By his majesty's command,

Gran. Lev. Govver.

Admiralty-offia, Oct. 28. This Ga-
zette announces the captive of the French
schooner privateer LTIironileiie, pierced
for 16 guns, all of which were thrown
overboard ii h "': ice, md 65 men, by
the Plover si ipt. P. , wn — A

tli Incomparable bru privateei ofei
gun, an i 60 men, by the Emerald, Capt.
Maitland,

Foreign-office, Nove?nber ] 1.

A letter, of which the following is an
extract, was this day received by Earl
Bathurst, his. Majesty's Principal Secre-
tary of State for Foreign Affairs, from
Lieutenant-Colonel Carrol, dated Armv
of the Left Camp, on the Height of Ta-
rnamez, October 19, 1809: —

I have the honour to acquaint you,
that the army of Marshal Ney, now com-
manded by General lYIarchand, advanced
on the morning of yesterday, in force ten
thousand infantry and 1200 cavalry, with
14 pieces of artillery, to attack this army,
which was most judiciously posted on
these heights. The enemy divided his
force into three columns, which advanced
against the right, center, and left of our
line ; it soon became evident that the
principal object of his attack was to force
and turn our left, it being the point in
>vhich our position was the weakest. The
enemy, at the commencement, gained
some advantage of position on our left, in
consequence of the retreat of a small par-
ty of our cavalry destined to cover the
left of our line, this success, however,
was momentary, as the vanguard, led on
by Generals Mendizabal and Carrera,
charged with the greatest spirit and gal-
lantry, roi. enemy, and retook, at
the ppint oj the bayonet, six guns, of
whi< h enemy possessed himself dur-
ing the retreat of the division of our ca-
valry. The vanguard in this charge com-
mitted great slaughter amongst the ene-
my, taking from them one eight-pounder
gun, with a quantity of ammunition;
Ai'ier a long and obstinate contest, the
enemy, being unable to gain a foot of
ground, began to give way in all points.
About three o?clock in the afternoon, the
enemy betook himself to a precipitate
and disorderly flight.

The !o.,s of the enemy, as far as we
have been yet able to ascertain, exceed*
1000 in kmed and prisoners. The num-.
bers of the wounded must be very con?
siderable. Our loss has been compara-
tively very trilling, not exceeding 30O j
one imperial eagle, one 8-pounder brass
gun, 3 ammunition waggons, 12 drums,
with 4- or 5000 stand of arms, an immense
quantity of ball-cartridges, carts of pro-
visions, and knapsacks loaded with pluu-

r, fell into our hands. No language
can do sufficient justice to the galiantand
intrepid conduct of the troops on this
memorable day ; it would be impossible
to make any distinction ip the zeal and
ardour of the different corps, for all
equally panted for the contest. The van-
guard and first division, however, had
the good fortune to occupy those points
against which the enemy directed his
principal eiibrts, and to add fresh laurels
to the wreaths they had acquired in Lugo,
St, J ago, andSanPayo. The steady in-
trepidity displayed by the 2d division,
through whose ranks the party of retreat-
ing cavalry passed, and the spirit and
promptness with which it pushed forward
against the enemy, who had at that mo-
ment turned our left, is deserving of the
highest approbation. The entire of the
cavalry, with the exception of the party
attached to the vanguard, about 300,
who, from being overpowered, were obli-
ged to retreat, evinced the greatest stea-
diness and resolution in maintaining the
post allotted to them, and keeping the
enemy's cavalry in check. It is, however,
to be lamented, that our cavalry did not
find themselves in a situation to enable
them to take advantage of the enemy's
disorderly flight across the plain, between
thesp heights and the village of Carras-
calejo, a league in extent ; for had 5 or
or 600 horse charged the fugitives, the
victory would have been most decisive.
The vanguard of General Ballasteros's
division is in sight ; we only wait his
arrival to pursue, and annihilate the dis-
comfited enemy. From prisoners we
learn, thatGeneral Marchand proclaimed
at Salamanca his intention of annihila-
ting, by two o'clock on the 18th, 30,000
peasant insurgents ; his orders to his ar-
my were, on pain of death to possess itself
of the heights bv twelve o'clock, as he
proposed proceeding to destroy Ballas-
teros's division, alter having dispersed
and annihilated this army. The French

iNTEItESTlNG INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES. 519

general certainly appears tohave held this
army very cheap) judging from his plan
of attack, which was far from judicious ;
but executed, to a certain point, with the
greatest bravery, and with that intrepid-
ity which the confidence of success in-
spires. Our light troops pursued, and
hung on the enemy's rear; several pat-
ties of which, amongst whom were 200 of
the regiment of Ballassto, hive not re-
turned as yet, having expressed a deter-
mination of hanging on theenemy's flanks
as long as the cover of the woods afford-
ed a facility of 'so doing. The number of
the enemy's dead already found and bu-
ried, amounts to upwards of 1 100. Se-
veral, no doubt, will be found in the
Woods.

This Gazette also contains an account
of the capture of the French brig priva-
teer Rodent, of 16 guns and I'.'L men,
b}' the Seine, Capt. Atkins; — and the
French national corvette Le Milan, of
IS guns and 115 men, by the Surveil-
lante, Capt. Collier.

Amiralty-office, Nov. 1 4-. A letter,
transmitted by Adm. Young, announces
the capture, by his majesty's sloop Plo-
ver, Capt. P. Browne, of Le Lizard lug-
ger privateer, of St. Malo, manned with
57 men, and pierced for 14 guns, but
Hot any found on board.

Admiralty-ojfice, Nov. 18. A letter
From the Hon. Capt. Dundas, of the Eu-
ryalus, states his having captured, off
Cherbourg, the French privateer lugger
L'Etoile, of It guns and 4-8 men.

A letter from Capt. Maitland, of his
majesty's ship Emerald, gives an ac-
count of his having, on the 6th instant,
captured the French national corvette Le
Fantaron, of 16 guns and 1 13 men, com- I
manded by Monsieur Deshanteur, capi- j
tainede frigate. She had sailed two days I
before from Brest, bound to Guadeloupe,
with a cargo of flour, salt provisions, and
a quantity of lead, iron, and nails.

This Gazette also contains an order in
council, continuing, for 12 months, from
the 31st of December next, the bounties
to seamen, and the allowances to those
who may procure volunteers for the navy.

Admiralty -office, November 21. A let-
ter from Captain Maxwell, of his ma-
jesty's sloop the Royalist, gives an ac-
count of his having, Qn the 17th instant,

captured, between Dungeness and the
South Foreland, Le Grand Napoleon, a
fast-sailing French privateer, of 18 guns
and 75 men.

A letter from Capt. Adye, of his ma-
jesty's sloop the Briseis, states his having
captured on the 6th instant, off Heligo-
land; he Reciprocity, Danish privateer,
of four guns and fourteen men, out twelve
days from Husum, without making any
capture.

The London Gazette Extraordinary.

Ad-.niraUy-rffice, Nov. 29. The Hon.
Lieut. Wm. Waldegrave, of the Ville de
Paris, arrived here this morning with dis-
patches" from Vice-admiral Lord Collhig-
vvood, to the Hon W. W. Pole, of which
the following are cc;
Vitte dc Paris, of St. Sebastian, Oct. 30.

Sir, — By my letter of trie 16th of Sept.
their lordships would be informed of the
intelligence I had received relative to the
movements of the French squadron, and
of my reasons for changing my station to
St. Sebastian.

While on this station, on the 22d in-
stant, the Pomone joined, and Capt. Bar-
He (who with indefatigable perseverance
had, with the Alceste, watched the port
of Toulon) informed me, that the day be-
fore, several of the enemy's squadron put
to sea, that others were coming out when
he left them, and that there was every
appearance of the whole fleet being on
the move from the harbour. They had a
numerous convoy with them, and as this
movement was made with the first of an
easterly wind, there was little doubt of
their being bound for the westward. I
immediately made the necessary signals
for the squadron to be prepared for their
reception, and placed the three frigates
and sloop (Pomone, Hydra, Volontaire,
and Minstrel,) to windward, to give no-
tice of the enemy's approach.

On the following morning, the 23d,
soon after eight o'clock, the Volontaire
made the signal for a fleet to the west- .
ward ; while they continued to come
down before the wind, no alteration was
made in the squadron, except by advanc-
ing two fast-sailing ships, the Tigre and
Bulwark. At ten, the Pomone made the
that the enemy had hauled to the
wind, and the convoy separating from
the ships of war (which were now disco-
vered to consist of three ships of the line
only, two frigates, two smaller frigates

3Z2

520 INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTi

or storeships, and a convoy of about 20
sail of vessels,) 1 ordered Rear-admiral
Martin to chase them, and eight of the
best sailing ships; which standing on con-
trary tacks, might take advantage of the
changes of the wind, which was variable.

At two p. m. the Pomone having got
far to windward, was directed by signal
to destroy such of the convoy as could
be come up with ; and in the evening
she burnt two brigs, two bombards, and
a ketch. The enemy before dark was
out of sight, and the ships chacing not
much advanced, were standing to the
northward; while the squadron with me
stretched to the southward. The next
morning neither the French nor our cha-
cing ships were in sight.

This morning Rear-admiral Martin
joined with his division as named in the
margin*, having again fallen in with the
enemy on the 24th, off the entrance of
the Rhone, and on the 25th they chaced
them on shore : the Robust, of 8 t guns,
bearing the flag of Rear-admiral Bou-
tiairi, and the Leon, of 7 i, off Frontag-
naii, where the day following themselves
set fire to them. The Boree, of 74- guns,
and a frigate, ran on shore at the entrance
of the Port of Cette, where there is little
probability of either of them being saved.

I cannot sufficiently express the high
satisfaction I have felt at the intrepid per-
severance of Rear-admiral Martin, and
of the captains of the ships who were with
him in the pursuit. Nothing less ardent,
or less skilful, would have produced a re-
sult so fortunate, where the coast near the
Rhone is exceedingly shoal and danger-
ous, so that some of the ships were in
live and six fathom water, the weather
tiiick, and the south-east wind blowing
strong.

I inclose to you, Sir, Rear-admiral
Martin's letter : and beg to congratulate
their lordships on three great ships of the
enemy being thus destroyed, without
the smallest resistance on their part, or a
shot being fired by the British ships,
except a few by the Tigre at the Boree,
when she was pushing ashore at Cette;
©r tileir two frigates, the Pomone and
Pauline, one hauled her wind some time
in the night, and fetched into Marseilles

The other part of the French squadron

* Canopus, Renown, Tigre, Sultan, Levi-
»than, ami Cumberland.

are found to remain iu Toulon, by the
ships which have since examined that
port.

Canopus, at Sea, Oct. 27.

My Lord, — In obedience to the signal
for the Canopus to chace E. N. E. I
stood that way the whole of the night of
the 23d, and the following day, in com-
pany with the Renown, Tigre, Suhan,
Leviathan, and Cumberland : in the
evening four sail were seen, to which we
immediately gave chace, and pursued
them till after dark; when, from shoal
water, and the wind being direct on the
shore, near the entrance of the Rhone,
it became necessary to keep to the wind
during the night. The following morn-
ing, the 25th, the same ships were again,
seen, and chaced between Cette and
Frontignan, where they ran on shore.
Two of them (an 80-gun ship, bearing
a rear-admiral's flag, and a 74-) at the
latter place, and one ship of the line and
a frigate at the former. From the shoal
water and intricacy of the navigation, it
was impossible to get close enough to
the enemy's two line of battle ships near
Frontignan, to attack them when on
shore ; for in attempting to do so, one of
"his majesty's ships was under five fathom
water, and another in less than six. On
the 26th, I sent the boats to sound, mean-
ing if possible to buoy the channel (if
any had been found), by wdiich the ene-
my's ships could be attacked ; but at
night we had the satisfaction to see them
set on fire.

From the circumstances under which
the ship and frigate ran on shore at the
entrance of the port of Cette, I have
little doubt the former will be lost; and
the frigate must certainly have received
considerable damage ; but they cannot
be got at on account of the batteries.

Your lordship must be well aware, that
nothing but the great press of sail carried
by his majesty's ships, and the good look
out kept, could have enabled them to
close with those of the enemy from the
distance they were at the time they com-
menced the chace.

I have the honour to be, &c.

(Signed) G. Marwk,

Vice-Adm. Lord Collingvjood.
4'c. §c.

INTERESTING INTELLIGENCE FROM THE LONDON GAZETTES.

521

Ville de Paris, of Rosas, Nov. 4.

Sir, — When the enemy's convoy was
chaced on the '23d ultimo, their trans-
ports separated from the ships of war, and
under the protection of an armed store-
ship, two bombards, and a xebec, made
for the Bay of Rosas. When the ships
of war were disposed of, as related in my
letter of yesterday, the convoy became
the object of my attention, and on the
29th the Apollo was sent oif Rosas to ex-
amine what vessels were there, and how-
far they were in a situation assailable.

The next day I appointed the ships as
per margin* for this service, under the
orders of Capt. Hallowell, to bring them
out if the wind was favourable, or other-
wise to destroy them. The state of the
wind and sea would not permit this ope-
ration until last night, when, after dark,
the ships bore up for the bay, and an-
chored about five miles from the castle of
Rosas, under the protection of w hich
castle, of Trinity fort, and of several
other newly erected batteries, the convoy,
consisting of 1 1 vessels, five of them arm-
ed asper accompanyinglist, were moored.

The boats being arranged in separate
divisions, the whole was put under the
orders of Lieut. Taiieur, first lieutenant of
the Tigre, and proceeded to the attack of
the enemy, who, although he could have
had no previous intimation of such an en-
terprize against him, was found vigilant
and completely on his guard. The ship,
which was a smaller sort of frigate, was
inclosed in boarding nettings, and a gun-
boat advanced a-head of her For the look-
out : on being hailed, and the alarm-gun
fired, our boats stretched out, the crews
at the highest pitch of animation, filling
the air with their cheers : each division
took the part previously allotted to it ;
the armed ship was boarded at all points,
and carried in a few minutes, notwith-
standing a spirited aud sturdy resistance
which the enemy made. All their armed
vessels were well defended, but the Bri-
tish seamen and marines, determined to
mbdue them, were not to be repelled,
even by a force found to be double that
which was expected ; and besides the op-
position made "by the vessels, the guns
from the castle, the forts in the bay, the

fun-boats, and musketry from the beach,
ept a constant fire on them. On the
opening of day, every ship or vessel was
either burnt or brought oif, aided by the

*Tigre, Cumberland, Volontairej Apollo,
Topaze, Philomel, Scout, and Tuscan.

light winds wdiich then came from the
land ; and the whole of the convoy that
came from Toulon for the supply of the
French army in Spain, has been destroyed,
with the exception of the frigate which
escaped to Marseilles, and one store-ship
not since heard of.

I cannot conclude this narrative with-
out an expression of the sentiment which
the execution of this bold enterprise has
inspired me with, and the respect and
admiration I feel for those who perform-
ed it.

In the first place, success depended
upon the previous arrangement which was
made by Capt. Hallowell with a judg-
ment and foresight that distinguished that
officer in every service he is employed on:
the division of the boats, the preparation
of fire materials, and providing them with
every implement that contingency could
require, established confidence throughout
the whole. In this he was ably assisted
by the experience and zeal of Captain!
Wodehouse, Bullen, Taylor, and Hope."
The brigs were under sail as near the ves-
sels attacked as the light winds would al-
low ; and Capt. Hallowell speaks in high
terms of praise of the conduct of their
commanders, Crawley, Raitt, and Wil-
son. The first lieutenant, Taiieur, led
to the assault in a most gallant manner,
and was followed by the other officers, as
if each was ambitious of his place, and
desired to be first.

I am sorry to have to add, that the loss
has been considerable, of which 1 in-
close a list.

I have the honour to be, &c.

(Signed) < V.llingwooo.

Here follows Capt. Ilallbwell's letter re-
lating his proceedings, with a list of the
ships taken and destroyed, as follows:

A list of the ships taken ai-d destroyed.*-^
Armed store-ship, La Lcmp/cve, of lb O-pouo.
ders, llS men, and 600 tons; bun.t-
bacd, La Victoire, of 14 6-pounders, and so
men; burnt. — Felucca, L'Alsacien, of 35
muskets arid 20 men; burnt. — 1/ Union, of 150
tons; burnt.— Notre Dame de Rosaire, of 15JJ
tons ; burnt. — Felucca, Notre Lame de Grace,
of 90 tons ; brant— Bombard, of 8 6-ponnd-
ers and a:, men, laden with biscuits; taken. —
, La Normaude, of 10 4-pounders,
and 48 men ; taken. — Le Dragon, of 200 tons,
laden with biscuit ; taken.— -L'lndien, of 20*
toast, laden with corn and .flour; taken.

■ «ied) B. HALLOWELL.

The total number of killed and wounded ia
this action i* 15 killed and 55 woupded ; among
the former were Lirut. Tait, of the Vo'on-
taire, and Mr. Caldwell, master's mate frftba
Tiffre.

INDEX.

Page
A

AbRAMSON M. description of a medal exe-
cuted by him in honour of their Prussian
majesties ..... 325

Agricultural produce, letters on the waste of
it 96, I79, 318

Agricultural reports, monthly 60, )3l, 205,
276, 343, 410

Alexandre M . method of filtering water em-
ployed by him .... 252

Alficri, his Memoirs of his own Life an-
nounced 249

Amelia, her correspondence with her mother
13, 91, 229, 299, 3()7

Amusements, public 51, 123, 19b, 267, 336,

400'

Andenen Mr. his Excursions in Britain an-
nounced . . . , . in

Antiquities, notice respecting a collection of
engravings of them . . . 113

Arbiter Elegantiarum, his observations on fe-
male dress and fashions 47, 259, 333, 403

Aritbmetical question 177, its solution 241

Arnold Dr. his Observations On the Manage-
ment of the Insane, reviewed . 115

Arts, on the love and encouragement of them 31

Aspern, Battle of, a musical piece, reviewed
ll6, Austrian official account of it 431

Assassin of Glenroy announced . 35

Astley's amphitheatre, observations on the
performances there . . 54, 19s, 270

Attaius, his justice and humanity reviewed

328

Baber Rev. H. intended works by him an-
nounced ..... 323

Baggcsen, notice of new poetical works by
him . .36

Baily Mr. his Doctrine of Life Annuities an-
nounced ..... 35

Ball Miss, description of a candle-screen in-
vented by her .... 382

Bank of England, account of that edifice

200, 338

Bankruptcies, alphabetical list of 63, 135,
206, 273, 346, 413

Baradelle M. notice of his capillary pen 114

Bardwell Thomas, extract from his Practice
of Paiuting ..... 288

Bayley Mrs. her Vacation Eveniugs announc-
ed 250

Beattic Dr Beauties selected from his works j
reviewed . . . . . 188 |

Beaumont and Fletcher, notice of a German
translation of their works . 37

Beauty, on its inconveniences . . 9

Bedford, the late Duke of, observations on his
statue in Russell-square . . 191

Behn Mis. her poetical character of Green-
hill, the painter . . . . 71

Bell Mr. Charles, his Letters on Diseases of
the Urethra announced . . 395

Belfour Mr. his Spanish Heroism reviewed 252

Beiesford Rev. Mr. notice respecting him 326

Berlin, academy of, present designed for it by
the French government . . 396

Bigland Mr. his General History of Europe
announced . . . . ' . 249

Bishop Mr. his music to the Circassian Bride
reviewed .... 39

Pag$

BissCt Mr. bis jubilee medallion announced
250, description of the medallion - 32^

Blackett Joseph, his poems announced - 34

Black Rock House, a novel, reviewed - 400

Boccaccio, his description of a lady's toilette

160

Boileau D. his translation of the Prince de
Ligne's letters, &c. reviewed • . 254

Bomure Valmont de, passage from his Dictio-
nary of Natural History . . 176

Bootbby Sir Brook, his English jEsop an-
nounced . . . . . 112

Bottiger M, his examination of the question
whether it was customary for the women
of Athens to frequent the theatre 386, 434

Bowyer Mr. his poetical work 011 the abolition
of the S'a-e-t ade announced • 322

BOzzini M.- bis ntachine for throwing light into
the interior or the anim.! body . 183

Bremen, remarkable vault under the cathedral
of that city ..... 232

Brewer Mr. his description of celebrated build-
ings announced .... 35

Brightly Mr. his art of stereotype printing
announced ..... 35'

Buruey Dr. his system of Nautical Education
announced . 35

Camaldulensian Convent at Naples, account
of it 84

Canary-birds, directions for the breeding and
treatment of them . . . 77

Can- Sir John, his Poems announced ill
tt viewed ..... 327

Catalani Madame, her concert at the Pantheon

12?

Cattle I *fe Insurance Company, notice re-
spiting it . . . . . 32J

Cecil Rev. R. his works announced . 183

Chairs, drawing-room, description of . 411

Charles Louis Archduke of Austria, sketch of
his life 87

Chemistry, reflections on that art - 364

China translation of the penal code of that
empireannounced . . . .110

Chinese, their method of taking wild-ducks

321

Chladni M. notice respecting him . • 326

Circus, observations on the performances there
S3, 126, 10S, 270, 338

City Circulating Library, its catalogue an-
nounced ..... 323

Clarke Dr. his canzonet, " Thou hast an
eye of tender blue," reviewed ns, bis la^t
words of Marmion reviewed 1^9, his vocal
works of Handel reviewed . . 400

Clarke Dr. his Travels through Russia an-
nounced . . . . 184

Classical Hours .... 239, 359

Clefs in music, on their transposition . 26

Cleghorn Mr. description of an ice life-boat
contrived by him .... 392

Clutterbuck Mr. ttobt. his History of Hertford-
shire announced . . . .323

Coaches, tlu ir origin and history . 27

Ccelebs, a work on the plan of that publica-
tion aunounced • . . . 184

Coin, description of a silver one found in Ire-
land 244, remarks on the account of it 316
observations on acother also from Ireland 439

INDEX,

Page

■JolloreiU) Mansfield, prince of, bis collection of

paintings ..... 325

Colouring', observations on spleudour of lby,

14-1, 215, 285, 353, 421

Cploiu s, of their causes . . .280

Colours for painting, their nature . . 219

Consumption, mw remedy for tliit disease 18b

Cook Mr.B. his proposal to employ iron instead
of wood in building . . . 324

Cook Robert, his Farewell reviewed . 330

Copenhagen, new societies founded in that
city 37

Cot-bed for a child, description of a fashionable
oue . . .... 205

Cotton-thread, artificial, presented to the
Society of Arts at Turin . . 251

Corn's L'lncauto reviewed . . 258

Covent-Garden Theatre, description of that
building 262, observations on the perfor-
mances there . . 267, 33b, 400

Cowper Mr, account of his tame hares . 471

Cox Mr. VV. curious fact stated in his report
to the House of (.'opinions . . 184

Cramer J. B. his sixth jjivei'tiniento reviewed

IS9

Credulus, his letter to a celebrated physician
80, answer etter . . si

Creve M. hn overy of a method of reco-

vering sour wine . . .07

promek Mr his portrait of Walter Scott
announced ..... 323

promwel liana, or Anecdotes of Cromwell,
announced . . . . .112

Cumberland Mr, Richard, his unpublished
dramas announced . . . 1S4

Cur wen J. C. his Hints on Agricultural Sub-
jects reviewed .... 328

Cuvier M. his description of a mongrel bird 185
D

Darwin Dr. his experiments on the spectra
of light and colours . . . 287

Darwin's Zoonomia, notice respecting a French
translation of that work . . 114

Degen M. his experiments in flying . 39b'

Dest table M. his invention of ua instrument
foi mauufactm ng straw-paper . 113

Discontent, the folly cfit . . 42G

Dividends, alphabetical list of . 64, 136,
208,. 279, 347, 415

Dizi F. his Airs for the Harp reviewed . 118

Douglas Sir R. a new edition of his Peerage
of Scotland announced . . in

Douglas Mr. his Enquiry into the present
State of the Elements of the Mathematics
announced . . . . .184

Douglas Gawin, a complete edition of his
works announced . . . 322

Dramas, German, recently published . 3b

Drury-lane Company, their performances 123

Duck, wild, natural history of that bird 319

Dussek J. L. his Trois Sonates reviewed 117
his Airs for the Harp reviewed . 191

Dyer Mr. G. notice respecting his enquiries
into the state of the Public Libraries . no
E

Ede J. his View of Gold and Silver Coins
reviewed .... .38

Edmonston Dr. his ViewofShetlandannounced

250

Elliott's patent eccentric landaulet, descrip-
tion of it . . . , 344

Ensor Mr. G. his Treatise on IVotional
Government aunounccd . . 395

Etna, account of a recent eruption of that
volcano . . ... 17

Fabroui M. his method of transforming a
common balance iuto a hydrostatic balance

185
F

Fashions for ladies, montlvly report of them
4t), 118, 192, 258, 332, 405$

Fashions for ladies, general observations on
them ... 46, 259, 333, 403

Fashions for gentlemen, monthly report of
them 46, 19s

Faulkner Mr. his Description of Chelsea
announced ..... 250

Fenelon, anew edition of his Pious Reflections
anuounced ..... 249

Fernow Professor, notice respecting his edition
of Winkelman's works . . 32S

Ferrari G. G. his Tempio del la Virtu e del
Piacere reviewed . . . 401

Fiorillo F. his Sonatas for the pianoforte
reviewed . . . . . 401

Fischer Dr. C. A. his History of the War in
Spain and Portugal aunounccd . 36

Fly, curiotw particulars respecting the common
oue .... , 174

Forsyth Mr. account of his newly- invented
gun-lock ..... 250

Fosbrook Rev. T. D. bis Dictionary of Anti-
quities announced . . . is$

Founder M. description of his alcohoineter ISS

Franconi M. description of his newly-invented
travelling carriage . . 251

Francis I. of France, anecdote of him . 81

French works, translations of several announc-
ed . . . i]8

Friedliinder Dr. presents a cabinet of minerals
to the Gymnasium of Berlin . 305

Furniture, fashionable description of 60, 132,
205, 277, 411
G

Gazettes,interesting intelligence from them 47s

Geitner M. colours extracted by him from
horse-chesnuts .... 395

Genius, fate of .... . cjg

Germany, topographical surveys undertaken
by the French in that country . 397

Girgenti, remarkable piece of antiquity dis-
covered there .... 230

Glass, discovery of a method of rendering it
malleable 251, improvements made in the
art of painting on it in Germany . 32s

Gothe M. von, honours conferred on him bv
the empeiors of France and Russia . 326

Gonzatti M. his discovery of a liquid for extin-
guishing fire . . . . 18(5

Gordon Sir Robt. his Genealogy of the Earls
of Sutherland announced . . 322

Gross Baron, notice of his Military History 35

Grouse, black, natural history of that bird 33

Guglielmi Signer, his Opera of Sidagero re-
viewed ..... 25S

Haas M. notice respecting his improvements
in stereotype printing . . . 113

Haigh Mr. his Sonatas for the piano-forte
reviewed . . . . . 331

Hanson Mr. general results of his meteorolo-
gical Journal for i»08, 212 — his monthly
journal kept at Manchester 213, 283, 35J,
419 — his observations on his method of
keeping his journal . . 2J3

INDEX.

Page

Ware, natural history of that animal 393, 47 i
Mr.R. his Poems announced . 323

Hawes Mr. his Dream reviewed . . 402

Iiaymarkct 'theatre, observations of the per-
formances there . 53, 195, 107, 269

Head-dresses, curious facts relative to the
history of them . . . . 160

Ht-eren C. notice respecting his newly-in-
vented loom, which weaves of itself . 395

HegiM. notice of his collection of costumes

113

Hendel Madame, notice respecting her atti-
tudes 396

Henderson Capt. his account of Honduras
announced ..... 395

Hercnlaneum, its situation and ancient state
21, on the manner of its destruction 23, its
discovery ... 82

Berrick Robt. a selection from his Hesperides
announced ..... 322

Hewetsoo W. B. his translation of Florian's
William Tell reviewed . . . 198

HiemkeM. notice of his newly-invented bellows

185

Hoffer Andreas, biographical account of him

452

Holstein Mr. A. F. his Sir Owen Gleudour

reviewed

finish Mr. his translation of Klopstock',
Sac. ed Dramas announced 249, his trans-
lation of Solomon reviewed . . 329
Husband and Lrver, a novel announced . 34

Ibis of Egypt, description of that bird . 99

Ice life-boat, description of one . . 392

Imagination, excellence of that faculty 14

causes of the pleasure experienced from its

being agreeably affected . . 289

Institute, National, of France, its proceedings

165, 245, 306, 445

Insurance-offices, on their appellations . 382

Intelligence, literary and scientific . 34, 110,

183, 249, 322, 394

Interest, expeditious method of calculating it

115, explanation of the principle on which

it is founded

177

Ionic Society, its foundation, and prize ques-
tions proposed by it . . . 326

Ireland Dr. his Comparison between Paganism
and Christianity announced . .35

Italian Conversations announced . 249

Italy, remarks on the letters from that country

Italy, letters from that country 18, 81, 168,
232, 292, 371, 4G3
J

Jablonowski Society at Leipzig, prize-questions
proposed by it . . . . 325

Jews, particulars respecting them . 216

Johnson Mr. J. his History of the Hundred of
Lonsdale South announced . . ^22

Jbrgensen Mr. his newly-invented thermo-

meter

Juninus, his observations on splendour of
colouring. 1, 69, 141, 215, 285, 353, 421

King M. P. his Up all Night reviewed . 257
Kitty Miss, account of her . . 72, 141
Kohler M. notice respecting his collection of

coins

Kotzebue Augustus von, on the luxury of the

Paga
Romans 308, 377, letter respecting ancient
theatres ..... 313

Kozeluch Leopoldo, his sonatas for the piano-
forte reviewed . . . . 254

Knyvett VV. his lied Rose reviewed . 190
L

Lacepc.de M. his description of a quadruped
not hitherto noticed ... 38

Laml>ert Mr. his Travels in Lower Canada
and the United States announced . 394

Lampadius M. his improved method of con-
densing vapours in distillation . 395

Laudi Mr. G. his Designs of Architecture and
Decoration announced . . . 323

Langsdorf Dr. notice respecting his travels to
Bucharia . . . 326

Lanza F. his Caliph of Bagdad reviewed 191

Laocoon, correction respecting him . 4

Latour T. his Oh dolce Concerto reviewed 190
• — his duet for the piano-forte reviewed 331

Latrobe C. J. his selection of Sacred Music
from the composers of Germany and Italy
reviewed . . . 332.

Lee Mrs. her Essay on Government re-
viewed . . • . . 137

Letter to a lady desiring her to take care of
her house . . . 303

Letters from a young lady in Loudon to her
sister iu the country 48, 119, 194,259,

334, 404

. an Irish gentleman to his father

announced . . . Ill

Levezow M. substance of his enquiry respect-
ing the Medicean Venus . 16.3

Ligne Prince, &c. his letters and reflections
reviewed . . . 254

Liu ley Mr. W. his Ralph Reybriuge an-
nounced . . . 250

Literature, on the advantages of cultivating a
taste for its pleasures . . 358

Ljung Mr. his discovery of anew species of
mouse . . • .38

Lyceum, observation on the performances
there . . 124, 197, 269, 337

Macfarlane Mr. his report of the agriculture
of Siberia announced . . 323

Machinery, agricultural, on the improvement
of it . • • 32, 383

Mackenzie Sir G. S. his Treatise on Sheep
announced . . . 112

Manners and Customs, historical facts rela-
tive to them . , 27, l(io

Manning Mr. the second volume of his His-
tory of Surry announced . 32$

Mansion-house dinner, humorous description
of one . . • • 92

Markets, London monthly report of thcin.
66, 138, 910, 281, 349, 417

Marshall Mr. his Review of the Reports from
the West of England to the Board of Agri-
culture announced • . 323

Massenbach Colonel, works recently published
by him . . • 36

Mathematical question proposed 241, its
solution . . .317

Medals, description of those offered for com-
munications to the Repository of Arts 109

Medical Query, answer to one . 25

Medical report, monthly 58,131,204, 276,

343, 4<jy.

INDEX.

Page
Mediocrity, happiness of that state 304

Mee Mis. her Beauties of the Reign of George

III. announced . . . 249

Merino sheep, sale of them at Ramhouillet

184
Merrick Mr. his History of Cardiganshire

announced . . . 050

Meteorological Journal t)8, 140, 214, 284,

352, 42D
Meyer J. notice of his German translation of

Dutens' Memoirs . . 37

Miles Mrs. her Sonata for the piano-forte

reviewed . . 45

Mind, thoughts on its cultivation . 17a
Molina Don J. I. translation cf his History

of Chili reviewed . . \a6

Montgomery General, his attack on Quebec

154
Moor Major, his Indian Pantheon announced

. 395
Moore Thomas, his Day of Love reviewed

402

Morgan and Sanders, account of their warc-
rOonis .... 122

Mortellnri M. his Italian Arietta teviewed 330

Midler Major, biographical account of him

453

Midler's German and Danish Dictionary,
notice of a new edition of that work 37

Murphy Mr. his Arabian Antiquities Of Spain
announced . . . 133

Murray Mr. A. his Researches into the Origin
and Affinity of the Greek and Teutonic:
Languages announced . . ijo

Mas Bursdrhts, or Canada rat, description of
it .30

Music, review of 3p, 116, ISf), 254, 330, 400

Musicians, Society of, pciformance for the
benefit of that institution 55

Narcs Rev. E. his Remarks on the Unitarian
Version of the New Testament announced 184

Narrative, extraordinary . . 430

Natural philosophy, reflections on its influ-
ence upon the progress of civilization siil

Nellissen M. his invention of a method of
knitting without needles . 396

Nicholson Mr. a new edition of his Principles
of Architecture announced . . 134

Nicol Mr. IV, his Gardener's Calendar an-
nounced . ... 3JJ

N orris Mrs. her Euphronia announced 249

Nubilia in Search of a Husband reviewed 39
O

Old ago, observations on it . . 74

Olympic Pavilion, remarks on the perform-
ances there . . . 337

Onesimus, his Biography of eminent Preach-
ers announced . . lit, 323

Opera-house, observations on the perform-
ances there . . 51, 125, lob'

Ormsby Rev. Mr. his Account of the Opera-
tions cf the British army in Spain announced

111

Otto M. his discovery of a new method of
sizing paper . . . 252

Ouseley Sir Win. his Accounts of Alexander
the Great announced . ' . 394

Pallas Dr. new botanical work by him an-
eoui.Crd . ... 325

Page
Paris in autumn . . , . 443

Parsons Rev. James, his continuation of
Holmes's Collections of the Septuagint an-
nounced . . . 3231
Partridge, Statural history of that bird 106
Patterns of British Manufactures, descrip-
tions of them 60, 132, 20G, 277, 344, 411
Pheasant, natural history of that bird 100
POeschmann M. notice of his newly-invented
anemometer . . . 185
Poetry ! . 6lj 133, 278, 345, 413
Politics, retrospect of £5, 127, 200, 270,

339, 407

Pompeji, its situation and ancient state S>2,

on the manner of its destruction 23, it»

discovery 83, visit to it 292, 371, 403

Pope Mr. anecdote of him . 3

Powell Thomas, his duets reviewed 190

Pozzuoli, its ancient and modern state 17^

Prccautiosus Scrnpulosus, his letter to an

eminent physician . . 227

Publications, new, review of them 38, 114, 166"

252, 3i6, 397

Pye IT. J. his ode for his Majesty's birth-day 6-1

Quebec, account of that city . . 146

Reeve Dr. his Essay on the Torpidity of Ani-
mals reviewed . . . . 114
Robenstein Mr. notice respecting his imita-
tions of Lippert's pastes . 113
Roche Mr. his Alfred announced 35, his Per-
fidious Guardian announced . 395
Rocoux M. his application of the juice of the
barberry to dying . . 252
Rockstroh M. notice respecting his machine
far cutting paper . . 396
Romans, instances of their excessive luxury,

308, 377
Rome, discovery of a remarkable subterra-
neous passage in that city . 114
Rosa in London, a novel, announced 24y

S
Sadler's Wells, observations on the amuse-
ments there . 126, 19s, 270
Sage, enquiry respecting its exportation to
China .... i7tj
St. Mary le Strand, or New Church, descrip-
tion of it . . . . 15
Sanskrcet manuscripts, catalogue of those in
the imperial library published at Paris 37
Sattertbwaite Mr. Michael, his account of the
north country sheep . . y23
Schbnecher J. G. biographical account of hini

455
Schilling G. F. his German and English Spel-
ling book reviewed . - 30,9
Schultes Dr. account of his new travelling
barometer . . . 395
Scinple Mr. Hubert, his Travels in Spain an-
nounced . . . 394
Shares in public corporations, &c. prices of
them 6s, 140, 214, 284, 352, 420
Sheep, extraordinary adventures Of One 101 —
account of the management of those bred
in the north of England . 223
Sib< ria, method of taking grouse in that
country . . . . 34
Skii.iii r Rev. John, his posthumous works an.
nouueed . . . . ir<

INDEX.

Paga
Smyth Dr. on Pulmonary Consumption re-
viewed .... ::«;/
Society of Arts, account of that institution 4,
objects of iis committees 5, rewards rou-
te 1 red l>y it in lwop . . ~
Sofa, description of one for a library (><>
Somerset-house, description of that edifice 50
Sozmann M. notice respecting his new globe

3()6

Spiegel Mr. L. P, van der, notice respecting

the publication of his Letters, &c. 37

Sports, British 33, 106, 180, 047, 319, 3 I ;>

470

Sprengel Professor, notice of his Genua!;

translation of Sir J. Sinclair's Code of

Health and Longevity . -. 36

Slabia-, situation and ancient state of that

place 23, its discovery . . 84

Staucliffe Dr. success of his endeavours to

apply coai gas 10 the purposes of domestic

economy . ■ 18-1

Starke Miss, her translations from Carlo

Maria Maggi announced . . 3.";

Steibclt D. his Deux Sonates reviewed 254

Stevenson Mr. his Survey of Surry announced

250
Stewart Dr. his discovery of a substitute for
Peruvian bark . . . 321

Stocks, prices of 67, 13(), 211, 283, 350, 418
Stoke.-, Dr. his Botanical Materia Medica an-
nounced . . . 395
Suftolciensis, extraordinary narrative by him

T 431)

Tar, on the immersion of the hand in it when

boiling . ... 240

Taste, literature, and philosophy, essay on 3CJ2

Tate VV. bis Commercial Arithmetic reviewed

399

Theatres, essay pn their construction an-
nounced in, curious particulars respect-
ing some ancient ones . . - 313

Thomun Rev. This Illustrations of Thurston's
Religious Emblems reviewed ■ 252

Thorough bass, new method of figuring it
proposed . . .26

Thurston Mr. a series of engravings from b;s
designs annouueed 35, 183, reviewed 252

Ticken Mr. W. bis political chart of the reign
of George ill anno. 1 need . . 322

Toilette, ladies1, description of a fashionable ]
one . . . . 132

Tougataboo, Narrative of a Residence in tint
Island announced . . 395 :

Travelling, new methods of, proposed 4i2 I

Troughton Mr. account of his method of di-
viding astronomical instruments by ocular
inspection ....

Tyrolese, substance' of tne statement of (bcii
deputies 3ns, characteristic sketch .of them
V
Valentia Lord, his Voyages and Traveli

viev.ctl . . .

Vaugban Thomas, a new volume of his
Fashionable Follies announced . 34

Vauxhall, account cf the. amusements ther,e

54, 199, 270
Venus de Medicis, enquiry whether t'.iat
statue is copied from the Cnidiaii Veuus of
Praxiteles
Viii era M. notice of his letter to the Countess
de Beaubarnois . . . 37

Vinci Leonarda da, state of his picture of the
Last Supper . . • 114

Vitalis .1. his application of pyroligniteof iron
to the purposes of dying . 252

W
Ward Mr. his Dictionary of Chemistry an-
nounced . . . . ill
Ward Rev. W. his Fulfilment of the Revela-
tions announced . . . 323
Wai drop Mr. his Observations on Soft Cancer
announced . . 113
Webbe Mr. his selection of glees announced ,'ili
vYebb'e Mr. jun. his , rs from the Beggar's
Opera reviewed lis, his qnartett from the
Ipicedium on Mozart reviewed 331, bis
duet for the piano- forte reviewed 401
Weitsch M. his picture of \I. von Humboldt 37
Weslmacott Mr. observations on bis statue of
the kite Duke of Bedford . 194
White Professor, his Synopsis discos Gries-
bachianae announced . . 3'j5
Wieland M. honours conferred on him by the
Emperors of Fiance and Russia 32t>
Wilson Mr. J. his Pharmacopoeia . Chirurgica
announced . . . .112
Wilson Mr. T. his Treasures of Terpsichore
reviewed . . . 254
Wither (George, a selection from his works
announced . . . 322
Wolfl J. his quartetts reviewed 43
Wolfe Gen. his expedition against Quebec 152
Woodcock, uatural history of that bird 217

Z
Zinc, discovery of a mine of that ore in York-
shire . . . 112
Zoega M. notice respecting an intended work
by him .... 37

E? D OF THE SECOND VOLUME.

Ifdrrlson' i B tUr, Printers, 373, Slraiul

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