MAIN UBRARY-AGRiCULTLJRj
BIOLOGY
LIBRARY
G
•pt
A REVIEW
;
OF THE
REFERENCES
TO THE
HORTUS MALABABICUS
OF
HENRY VAN RHEEDE VAN DRAAKENSTEIN.
NOT PUBLISHED.
SWANSEA:
PRINTED AT THE CAMBRIAN-OFFICE, BY MURRAY AND REES.
1839.
Q I
5
BIOLOGY
LIBRARY
G
MAIN LIBRARY 'ULTURE DEPT.
SEVERAL years ago I attempted to ascertain the names of the
Plants which have been figured by Rheede and Rumphius in the
Hortus Malabaricus and Herbarium Amboinense, and my late resi-
dence in London has enabled me to find materials, which nothing but
the libraries and collections of the Metropolis can furnish, for settling
many of the doubtful synonyms. I have here arranged the notes and
remarks thus collected on the former of these Works, and the Hortus
Malabaricus has now been so generally cited in all works on Botany
for nearly a century and a half, that this Review can hardly fail to be
of some use, particularly to the Students of Oriental Botany. Op-
posite to the number of each plate I have given, so far as I could
collect them, the various synonymous names of the species to which
the figure belongs, but more particularly those for which it has been
quoted, and the names of the authors, when they have given a direct
reference to the plate, are printed in Italics. In a paragraph below
I have noticed those other references which I believe to be erroneous,
and have offered a few occasional remarks on the species. Many of
the notes were written at distant intervals, and some of the species
have received much more attention, or been studied under more favor-
able circumstances, than others; but, even where the true and false
synonyms have not been rightly distinguished, the convenience of
having all the references to each plate brought together will equally
remain. To my friend, Professor Don, I am indebted for the faci-
lities he has afforded me for consulting the botanical treasures which
the Linnean Society has placed under his care, and to Messrs.
Loddiges my best thanks are due for a free access to the vast col-
lection of Tropical Plants which flourish in their stoves.
L. W. DILLWYN.
Sketty Hall, Dec, 25, 1838.
LIST
OF ABREVIATIONS USED AND WORKS QUOTED.
A. DC. Alpbonse De Candolle— on the Myrsineae, in Transactions
of Linnean Society, vol. xvii.
Arnott On the Genus Rhizophora in the Annals of Natural History,
and Author, jointly with Dr. Wight, of several other
valuable Publications.
Bentham Labiatarum, Genera and Species.
Scrophularineae Indices.
Blumc Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie.
Floras Java? necnon Insularium adjacentium.
Enumeratio Plantarum Java? et Insularum adjacentium
minus cognitarum vel novarum.
But. Mag. . . Curtis's Botanical Magazine,
But. Rey. . . Botanical Register.
Bot. Rep. . . Botanical Repository.
Brown R. . . Prodromus Flora Novae Hollandias.
On the Asclepiadeae in Transactions of Wernerian Society,
vol. i.
Browne. . ... Civil and Natural History of Jamaica.
Burm John Burman — Thesaurus Zeylanicus.
Flora Malabarica, sive Index in o nines Tomos Horti Ma-
labarici. Ed. 1769.
Index alter in omnes Tomos Herbarii Amboinensis.
N. L. Burman (son of John Burman) — Flora Indica.
Cav Cavanilles— Icones et Descriptions Plantarum quse aut
sponte in Hispania crescunt aut in hortis hospitantur.
Colebrook . .. . On the Indian Species of Menispermum in Transactions of
Linnean Society, vol. xiii.
Correct • Correa de Serra — on some Genera of the Aurantiacea? in
the Transactions of the Linnean Society, vol. v.
DC A. P. De Candolle— Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni
Vegetabilis.
Catalogus Plantarum Horti Botanici Monspeli'ensis.
Dcnn Schlussel zum Hortus Indicus Malabaricus.
..,.,, Desfontaincs in Aunales du Museum d'Histoirc Naturelle.
\**)
Desr. ...... Desrousseaux in Encyclopedic Methodique.
Dillenius .... Hortus Elthamensis.
Don. D David Don— Prodromus Florae Nepalensis.
Don. G George Don— General System of Gardening and Botany
or History of Dichlamydeous Plants,
Dryander .... Observations on the Genus Begonia in Transactions of
Linnean Society, vol. i.
Dun Dunal — Monographic des Anonacies
Forster Characteres Generum Plantarum.
Florulse Insularum Australium Prodromus.
Gcert , J. and C. F. Gaertner — De Fructibus et Seminibus Plan-
tarum.
Supplementum Carpologie.
Gaud. Gaudichaud — Voyage autour du Monde du Capitaine Frey-
cenet ; partie botanique.
Gmelin Systema Naturae.
H.SfG Hooker and Greville — Icones Filicum.
Ham.. . . Dr. Francis Hamilton's Commentary on vols. i., ii., iii., & iv.,
of the Hortus Malabaricus in the Transactions of the
Linnean Society.
Ham. MS. . . Manuscript remainder of the above mentioned Work at
the Linnean Society.
H. Kew Hortus Kewensis.
Hooker Sir W. J. Hooker— Exotic Flora.
Botanical Miscellany, and other Works.
Hort. Brit. . . Hortus Britannicus, edited by J. C. Loudon.
Hunter Remarks on the Species of Pepper found in Prince of
Wales's Island, in Asiatic Researches, vol. ix.
Jack Malayan Miscellany.
On the Malayan Species of Melastoma and on the Cyrtan-
dracea3 in Transactions of the Linnean Society, vol. xiv.
Jacq N. J. von Jacquin — Observationum Botanicarum.
Hortus Botanicus Vindobonensis.
Icones Plantarum rariorum.
Jones Sir Wm. Jones — Botanical Observations on select Indian
Plants in Asiatic Researches, vol. iv.
Juss A. de Jussieu — De Euphorbiacearum Generibus Tentamen.
Kcempfer .... Icones Selects Plantarum quas in Japonia collegit.
Kaulfuss .... Enumeratio Filicum.
Ker Recensio Plantarum hucusque in Repositorio Botanicorum
depositum.
Konig C. Konig— on ^Egiceras fragrans in Annals of Botany.
Konig'sMS,. . J. G. Konig's Manuscripts in the Banksian Library at the
British Museum.
VII
Lam Lamarck— Encyclopedic Methodique Botauique.
Illustration des Genres.
Journal d'Histoire Naturelle.
Lehmann .... Plantae Asperifoliae Nuciferae.
Lin. F. Z. . . Linnaeus — Flora Zeylanica.
Lin. H.C. . . Linnaeus — Hortus Cliffortianus.
Lin. Sp. PI.. . Linnaeus— Species Plantarum.
Lin. Syst. Nat. Linnaeus— Systema Naturae.
Lin. Mant. . . Linnaeus — Mantissa and Mantissa Alter.
Lin. Supp. . . Supplementum Plantarum by the younger Linnaeus.
Lind. Lindley — Botanical Register.
Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants.
Loddiges .... Botanical Cabinet.
London Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum.
Loureiro .... Flora Cochinchinensis.
Martyn G. . . Edition of Miller's Gardner's Dictionary.
Martynl. Historia Plantarum Rariorum.
Maton On the Malabar Cardamon in Transactions of the Linnean
Society, vol. x.
Muhleriberg . . Descriptio uberior Graminum et Plantarum Calainariarum
America) septentrionalis indigenarum and cicurum.
N. Esen Nees von Esenbeck — Monographs of Laurineae and Acan-
thaceae in Dr. Wallich's Plantae Asiaticee rariores.
Monograph of the East Indian Solaneae in Transactions of
the Linnean Society, vol. xvii.
Osbeck Voyage to China and the East Indies.
Pers Persoon — Synopsis Plantarum.
Plukenet .... Plukenetii Opera.
Plunder .... Plantarum Americanarum, edited by Burman.
Poiret Continuation of Lamarck's Encyclopedic Methodique Bo-
tanique.
Supplement to Lamarck's Illustration des Genres.
R.fyS Reamer and Schultes— Systema Vegetabilium.
Ray Historia Plantarum.
Rees's Cyc. . . Rees's Cyclopaedia.
Retz Observations Botanicae.
Richard .... Monographic des Orchidees des Isle de France and de
Bourbon, in Memoires de la Societe d'Histoire Natu-
relle de Paris, vol. iv.
Roscoe Monandrian Plants of the Order Scitamineae.
New Arrangement of the Scitamineae in Linnean Transac-
tions, vol. viii.
Roth Novae Plantarum Species presertim Indiae Orientalis.
Catalecta Botanica.
Vlll
Rottl Rottboll— Descriptiones et Icones Plantarum rariorum.
Roxb Roxburgh's Hortus Bengalensis.
Plants of the Coast of Coromandel.
Flora ludica.
On the Scitamineae in Asiatic Researches, vol. xi.
Rumphius. . . . Herbarium Amboinense.
Saline On the Generic and Specific Characters of Chrysanthemum
Indicum, in Transactions of Linnean Society, vol. xir.
Salisbury .... Paradisus Londinensis.
Schrader .... Sertum Hanoverianum.
Scheuchzer . . Agrostographia.
Schultes .... Mantissa Systema Vegetabilium. — See R. & S.
Smith , . Sir J. E. Smith—Exotic Botany.
Botanical Articles in Rees's Cyclopaedia.
Sprengel .... Systema Vegetabilium.
St. Hil Saint Hilaire — Exposition des Families Naturelles.
Steudel Nomenclator Botanicus.
Swart z Observationes Botanicae.
Synopsis Filicum.
Thunb C. P. Thunberg— Flora Japonica.
Botanical History of the Genus Dillenia in Transactions of
Linnean Society, vol. i.
Vahl Enumeratio Plantarum.
Symbols Botanicae.
Vent Ventenat— Jardin de la Malmaison.
Description des Plantes nouvelles du Jardin de Mons. Cels.
W.frA Wight and Arnott— Prodromus Florae Peninsulae India?
Orientalis.
Illustrations of Indian Botany in the Companion to the
Botanical Magazine and Annals of Natural History.
Wight Contributions to the Botany of India.
Wall Wallich— Plantae Asiaticae rariores.
On Indian Plants in Asiatic Researches, vol. xiii.
Willd Willdenow— Species Plantarum.
Woodv Woodville— Medical Botany.
HORTUS MALABARICUS.
VOLUME I.
Tab.
rfc I
Cocos nucifera. Lin.
Lin. A. Faufel. Gcert.
Borassus flabelliformis. Lin. Lontarus domestica. Gcert.
13. > Musa paradisiaca. Lin. M. sapientum. Roxb.
14.)
Between M. paradisiaca and M. sapientum there is no specific difference, and of
44 varieties enumerated by Roemer and Schultes, this is the one which they
have called Iminga.
15. Carica Papaya. Lin. Papaya Carica. Gcert.
16. Bambusa arundinacea. Willd. Bambos arundinacea. Retz.
Nastus arundinacea. Smith. Arundo Bambos. Lin.
Quoted erroneously by Roemer and Schultes for B. spinosa of Roxburgh.
17. Jambosa vulgaris. D C. Eugenia Jambos. Lin.
18. Jambosa malaccensis. D C. Eugenia malaccensis. Lin.
19. Michelia Champaca. Lin.
20. Mimusops Elengi. Lin.
In the Asiatic Researches, vol. iv., Sir W. Jones says, ' Since it must require
the imagination of a Burman to discover in them a resemblance to the face of a
man or an ape, the genus will I hope be called Bacula, by which name it is
frequently celebrated in the Puranas, and even placed among the flowers of the
Hindoo Paradise.'
A
2 HORT. MAL.— VOL. I.
Tab. 21. Nyctanthes Arbor tristis. Liu. Parilium Arbor tristis. Gcert.
22. Cassia Fistula. Lin. Cathartocarpus Fistula. Persoon.
23. Tamarindus indica. Lin.
24. Garcinia Cambogia. Lam. Mangostana Cambogia. Gcert.
Cambogia gutta. Lin.
25. Ficus glomerata of Roxb. Hamilton. F. racemosaVar. Lam.
This figure has been quoted by Linnaeus, Burma*!, Willdenow, and Sir J. E. Smith,
and in the Hort. Britannicus and Hort. Kewensis, for F.racemosa; but Dr.
Hamilton has shewn that two species have been confounded under this name,
and that it is Roxburgh's F. glomerata.
26. Ficus Benjamina. Lin. Mant.
Quoted by Vahl both for F. Benjamina and F.pyrifolia, and for the latter by
Sir J. E. Smith.
27. Ficus religiosa. Lin.
28. Ficus bengalensis. Lin. F. indica. Roxb. not Lin.
Roxburgh of this plant says, ' I know of no other species of Ficus which sends
forth fibres from the branches that descend to the ground and become trunks,'
and this may perhaps have led him to arrange it as F. indica, for it is the only
species which Linnseus has described ' ramis radicantibus.' There are, how-
ever, other species which are at least sufficiently radicant to answer the Linnean
character, as jP. tomentosa and F. infectoria; nor can this tendency mark any
specific difference, for Dr. Hamilton, even of Roxburgh's F. indica says ' that
it does not throw out roots from its branches when planted in confined situations
and excluded from a free circulation of air.' — See Lin. Trans, xv. p. 133.
29. Thespesia populnea. Correct. Malvaviscus populneus.
Gcert. Hibiscus populneus. Lin.
30 Paritium tortuosura. Hibiscus tortuosus. Roxb.
This figure is referred to for No. 259 of the Flora Zeylanica, and also by Dr.
P. Brown for a native of Jamaica, and these two species have been blended
together with the name of Hibiscus tiliaceus in the Species Plantarum. By most
subsequent authors, except Roxburgh, the Malabar plant has been quoted for
H. tiliaceus or Paritium tiliaceum, but the name (derived probably from
Plumiers) should be confined to the American species, and the H. tiliaceus of
Roxburgh, if distinct from H. tortuosus, is a third species from the Molucca's.
31. Gossypium arboreura. Lin.
No author has questioned the propriety of Linnaeus' reference to this figure ex-
cept Roxburgh, who suspects that it may be G. religiosum of Gaertner, and Sir
J. E. Smith, in Rees's Cyclopaedia, observes, that the Linnean G. religiosum
is a very doubtful species. It is quoted by Dr. Hamilton for the variety of
G. arboreum, which he has called Gf. nigrum, and the Doctor has recorded his
persuasion, ' that what in general are called species of Gossypium are mere
varieties, differing vastly less than the varieties of Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea)
reared in our Gardens.' — Lin. Trans, xiii, p. 491.
32. Bauhinea variegata. Lin.
33. Bauhinea purpurea. Lin.
HORT. MAL. — VOL. I. 3
Tab. 34. Bauhinca acuminata. Lin.
35. Bauhinea tomentosa. Lin.
36. Hydnocarpus inebrians of Vahl. W. fy A. Chilmoria
pentandra. Hamilton. Munnicksia laurifolia. Denn.
37. Strychnos Nux vomica. Lin.
38. Phyllanthus Emblica. Lin. Emblica officinalis. Gcert.
39. Cerbera Odalam. Burman.
Most authors have followed Linnaeus in quoting this fig. for C. Manghas, but
Gartner has pointed out a difference, and it first received the present name
from the elder Burman in the Index to the Hortus Malabaricus, which he
published in 1769.
40. Lawsonia spinosa. Lin. L. alba. Var. Lam. Alcanna
spinosa. Gcert.
Lamarck has changed the trivial name to alba, and quoted this figure for a va-
riety ' ramulis subspinescentibus.' — It is quoted by Roxburgh for L. inermis,
but he admits that L. inermis and L. spinosa belong to the same spicies, and
Dr. Hamilton, in the same hedge, has observed plants in all degrees, ' some
having a great many branches ending in thorns, some only a few, and some
none at all.'
41. Gmelina arborea. Smith.
Misquoted by Linnaeus for Bignonia Catalpa,
42. Trevia nudiflora. Lin.
43. Bignonia indica. Lin. Calosantbes indica. Blume.
In tne description of this figure Rheede has inadvertently called it 44, and in
like manner has described the following table as 45 instead of 44, and so on
with the remaining nnmbers up to 51, which has given rise to much uncertainty
and irregularity in the references to these plates. In the Hortus Britannicus
it is misquoted for B. indica, and also for Spathodea Rheedii.
44. Bignonia longifolia. Willd. B. paianelia. Hamilton. B. in-
dica Var. Lin. Calosanthes indica Var. G. Don.
By Roxburgh this figure has been quoted jointly with table 43 for B. indica, and
by Linnaeus, Burman, and Lamarck, for a variety of that species.
45. Alstonia Pala. Echites? Pala. Hamilton.
Mistaken by Linnseus for Taberncemontana citrifolia, and has been generally quoted
by Lamarck and other authors for the Linnean Echites Scholaris (i. e. Alstonia
Scholaris of Brown), but though nearly allied to E. scholaris, Dr. Hamilton
considered it to be distinct from the Lignum Schohtre of Rumphius. Though
there is an error in his reference, it is plain that the Linnean E. scholaris and
T. citrifolia were considered by the elder Burman to be the same, but of the
latter, as originally described in the Hortus Cliffortianus, it is said ' crescit
in America.'
46. Tabernsemontana alternifolia. Lin.
Linnaeus has obviously constituted his T. alternifolia entirely from this figure, and
on a supposition that the alternate disposition of its leaves is a mere error of
the Draughtsman, it has been quoted by Roxburgh for his T. crispa, and Mr.
4 HORT. MAL. — VOL. I.
Brown has noticed its affinity with the New Holland T. otientalis. Mr. G. Don,
however, suspects that it belongs to the same species as vol. ii. t. 54, which he
has quoted with a query for his Wrightia Bothii, and again for T. coronaria.
Tab. 47. Holarrhena Codaga. G.Don.
Misquoted by Burman in the Flora Indica both for Nerium antidysentericum and
Taberncemontana citrifolia of Linnaeus, and it hos been referred to by Linnaeus,
Lamarck, and most other authors, for the former. Mr. Brown, in the Trans-
actions of the Wernerinn Society, vol. i. p. 74, hns suggested that it belongs to
Holarrhena. In the Liunean Trausactions, vol. xiii., Dr. Hamilton has queried
whether it may not be his E. pubescens, which appears from the description to
have much affinity with Wrightea antidysenterica, and by Mr. G. Don this
figure is quoted with a query for the latter species as well as for H. Codaga.
48. Trophis aspera of Retz. Roxb. Epicarpurus orientalis.
Blume.
Quoted erroneously by Linnseus, Willdenow, and Lamarck, for Morns indica, and
by the younger Burmau, in his Flora Indica, both for that species, and also for
Ceanothus asiaticus.
49. Sterculia Balanghas, Lin.
Quoted by Salisbury for his Southwellia Nobilis, i. e. Sterculia nobills of Smith,
and for Sterculia rubiginosa, by Ventenat and Smith, but it accords at least
equally with S. Balanghas, for which it is more generally referred to.
50. Spondias mangifera of Willd. Smith. S. amara. Lam,
S. mangifera Var. D C. Mangifera pinnata of Lin. Sup,
As remarked by Dr. Hamilton, it is probable that amara is a misprint, and that
amra is the name wbich Lamarck gave to this species, for it is called amra in
Hindostan, and is described with the name of Amra taca in the Asiatic
Researches. \
51. Agati grandiflora. DC. Sesbania grandiflora. Persoon. Co-
ronilla grand ifiora. Willd. YEschynomene grandiflora. Lin,
52. Morinda citrifolia. Lin.
53. Premna? cornutioides. Hamilton in Lin. Trans, xiii. p. 538.
It is misnamed Santalum album in Dennstedt's Schlussel.
54. Indigofera tinctoria. Lin. I. indica. Lam.
55. Tephrosia purpurea. W. fy A. Tephrosia Colonila. Ha-
milton. Galega purpurea of Lin.
Quoted with a query by Lamarck for a variety Galega tinctoria, and Dennstedt
considered it to be the Indigofera Anil of Linnaeus.
56. Grewia Microcos. Lin. Microcos paniculata. Lin.
Quoted in the Species Plant, for Microcos paniculata, and in the Syst. Nat. Linnseus
has removed the species to Grewia.
57. Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Var. N, JEsen. C. Cassia. Hort.
Brit. Laurus Cassia. Lin.
Roxburgh has quoted this figure for his Laurus Cassia, which Von Esenbeck con-
siders to be different from the Linnean species, and the former is referred to
by Esenbeck, together with Cinnamomum Cassia of Dons Prodromus, for hit
Cinnamomum albiflorum.
HOftTUS MALABARICUS.
VOL. II.
Tab. 1. Pandanus fascicularis. Lam.
Most authors have followed Willdenow in quoting this figure jointly with
t. 2, 3, 4, and 5, for Pandanus odoratissimus, and it is quoted separately by
Burman for his Bromelia sylvestris, \vliich is the same species; but, as re-
marked by Dr. Hamilton, Rhccde's name for this plaut, equally with tab. 6,
is ' Kaidii taddi,' and it is P. fascicularis , with the Drupae less advanced
towards maturity.
20
3. (Pandanus odoratissimus. Lin. Sup. Athrodactylis spinosa.
4. i Forster.
5j
Both Linnaeus and Forster have quoted tab. 1 to 8 for this species.
6. Pandanus fascicularis. Lam.
7. t Pandanus unipapillatus. Denn.
Dr. Hamilton says that this is evidently a distinct species of Pandanus not yet
noticed by modern authors, aud Dennstedt's knowledge of it is probably
wholly derived from the Hortus Malabaricus.
8. Pandanus furcatus. Roxb. P. spinufructus. Denn.
9. Winterlia aromatica. Denn.
This figure has been generally misquoted instead of t. 10, for Unona Narum,
and it is called ' Winter Ka aromatica mihi,' by Deunstedt, but may probably
be an undc.scribed species of Limouia.
10. U varia Narum. W.fyA. Unona Narum. Dunal.
Burman, Willdenow, Sir J. E. Smith, and most other authors, have followed
Linnaeus in quoting this figure erroneously for Uvaria Zeylanica.
11. Vitex trifolia. Lin.
12. Vitex negundo. Lin. V. trifolia. Var. Lam.
13. Ixora coccinea. Lin. I. grandiflora. Sot. Reg. Pavetta
coccinea. Blume.
Quoted by De Candolle for the J. Bandhuca of Roxburgh, which is very nearly
allied to I. coccinea, and in the color of the flower, as described by Rheede,
this plant differs somewhat from either of these. /. coccinea of the Botanical
Magazine, 1. 169, is a different species.
6 HORT. MAL,-~ VOL. II.
Tab. 14. Ixora alba. Lin. I. fulgens. Var? DC.
Sir J. E. Smith (in Rees's Cyc.) has shewn that Linnaeus derived all his know-
ledge of /. alba from Rheede's Description, and it is most probably a pale
variety either of 1. fulgens, or some other red flowered species. — I. alba of
Roxburgh (see Dot. Reg. t. 100), is a different plant, and Roxburgh with a
mark of doubt has quoted this figure for /. barbata; by Roemer and Schultes
it is quoted both for I. alba and for I. incarnata of Roxburgh, but there is no
species with this name in the Flora Indica ; by Lamarck for his I. lanceolata,
which answers to the I. fulgens of Roxburgh, and by Wight and Arnott with
a query for a variety of Roxburgh's /. lanceolaria.
15. Memecylon grande of Retz. Smith. M. amplexicaule.
W.Sj-A.
16. Briedelia scandens. Roxb.
Erroneously quoted by Linnaeus and Willdenow for Clutia retusa, and by La-
marck for his C. squamata, whieh he suspects may be the Linnean C. retusa.
B. scandens in the Plants of Coromandel is figured with the name of Cluytia
scandens, and this plate in the late General Hardwick's Copy is marked
* Andrachne Donky-boora of Roxburgh,' which latter is its Telinga name.
17. Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis. Lin. flore pleno.
Rheede has figured the flowers in their more natural state in vol. vi. t. 43.
18. Mussaenda Belilla. Hamilton.
Quoted for M.frondosa, by Linnaeus and most other authors, and by Smith for
the M. glabra of Vahl ; the latter, however, belongs rather to the M. Dovinia
of Hamilton, and Wight and Arnott have queried whether either of these is
more than a variety of M . frondosa.
19. Hugonia Mystax. Lin.
20. Justicia Ecbolium. Lin.
Though generally quoted for J. Ecbolium, it does not well answer to the Linnean
character.
21. Justicia Betonica. Lin.
22. Guilandina Bonduc of Lin. W. fy A. G. Bonducella. Lin.
Wight and Arnott have quoted this figure for the Linnean G. Bonduc, and have
ascertained that G. Bonducella is the same species.
23. Stylocoryne Webera. W. fy A. Cupia corymbosa. DC.
Webera corymbosa. Willd. Rondeletia asiatica. Lin.
See the note on vol. iv. t. 28.
24. Vernonia anthelmintica. Willd. Serratula anthelmintica.
Roxb. Ascaricida anthelmintica. Hort. Brit. Conyza
anthelmintica. Lin.
25. Clerodendrum villosum. Blume.
Misquoted by Linnaeus and Willdenow for C. infortunatum, by Roxburgh for
Volkameria inforlunata, and for C. viscosum by Ventenat, and in the Hortus
Kewensis aud Botanical Magazine (t. 1805), and from these species C. villosum
differs in having the leaves very entire.
HORT. MAL. — VOL. II.
Tab. 26. Gilibertia Nalagu. DC. Gastonia Nalagu. Lam.
This figure is quoted by Willdenow for Aralia Chinensis ; for Leea crispa, by
Roxburgh ; for Gastonia Nalagu, by Lamarck ; for Leea sambucina and
Gilibertia Nalagu, by DeCandblle; for Aralia Chinensis, Leea sambucina, and
again as a Gastonia, in Rees's Cyclopaedia; for Leea Staphylea of Roxburgh,
by Wight and Arnott ; and Dr. Hamilton suspected that it might be Leea
eequata of Linnseus's Mantissa !
27. Phyllanthus scandens of Roxb. Herb.
In Gen. Hardwick's Copy of the Hortus Malabaricus, this plate is marked
' Phyllanthus scandens of Roxburgh,' and it answers by far better to a speci-
men which is so* named in Roxburgh's Herbarium, than to the P. rhamnoides
either of Retzius or Willdenow, for the latter of which it is arranged by
Dennstedt. — Rheede has figured two plants, vol. ii. t. 27, and x. t. 27, with
the name of Niruri, and it is rather singular that the P.Niruri of Lin.
should not be either of these, but x. t. 15, which is the Kirganeli, and again
that the P. Kirganelia of Willdenow should be a plant unknown to Rheede. —
See my note on x. 27.
28. Daltura alba. N. JEsen. in Lin. Trans, xvii. p. 73.
Other authors have followed Linnaeus in quoting this figure for D. Metel, with
which it has been generally confounded, and Von Esenbeck has shewn good
cause for considering it to be distinct from the D, metel which grows on the
coasts of Africa.
29. Datura dubia. Persoon.
In the Copy of the Hortus Malabaricus at the Linnean Society, this plate is
marked D. glabra, but though the capsule is quite unarmed in the figure, it
may be queried from Rheede's Description whether this of itself can be relied
on for a specific character, and Poiret appears to have met with a variety
* capsulis muticis' of D. fastuosa. — Burman in his Index has erroneously re-
ferred to tab. 28, 29, and 30, for D. Metel, and by DeCandolle and some other
authors, tab. 29 is accidentally quoted instead of tab. 19 for Huyonia Mystax.
30. Datura dubia of Persoon. Var. flore triplici.
Dr. Hamilton suspected that this may be the Linnaeus D.fastuosa, but it has
not been otherwise referred to for that species, and the unarmed capsule and
simple leaves denote its affinity with D. dubia.
31. Calotropis gigantea. Hort. Kew. Asclepias gigantea. Lin.
Asclepias gigantea. Var. Lam.
The Bel Ericu, which Rheede has described separately, is a variety with white
flowers.
32. Ricinus communis of Lin. Burman.
The Pandi Avanacu, of which Rheede has annexed a description, is the R. viridis
of Willdenow.
33. CrotonTiglium. Lin.
34. Tragia Chamselea. Lin. Cnemidostachys Chamaelea. Hort .
Brit. Euphorbia bifurca. Ham. MS. ?
35. Solanum ferox of Lin. Burman. S. lasiocarpum. Dunal.
S. hirsutum. Roxb.
This figure has been quoted by Burman and Esenbeck for the Linnean S. ferox,
and the plate is so marked in Sir W. Jones's Copy at the Athenaeum,
8 HORT. MAL, — VOL. II.
Tab. 36. Solanumindicum of Lin. Burman. S. violaceum. Jacquin.
Linnaeus, under the name of S. indicum, has confounded two species, of which
one is an East and the other a West Indian plant. The former, which is the
S. indicum of Roxburgh and Esenbeck, is Jacquin's S. violaceum, and Dunal
has retained the Linneau name for the latter. Dennstedt erroneously consi-
dered this plant of Rheede's to be the Linnean S. sanctum.
37. Solanum Melongena Var. N. Esen.
Quoted by Lamarck for his S. undatum, which most probably is another variety
of S. Melongena.
38. Hibiscus Abelmoschus. Lin. Abelmoschus moschatus.
W.fyA.
39. Tragia involucrata. Lin.
Though quoted by Linnaeus, Willdenow, Roxburgh, and others for T. involucrata,
Dr. Hamilton thought it more likely to be the T. hispida of Willd., and the
latter is considered by Roxburgh to be probably nothing more than a variety
of the former. — The leaves are more ovate than cordate, and under the head
of Urtica pilulifera in Recs's Cyclopaedia, Sir J. E. Smith expressly says
that this iigure is T. involucrala.
40. Boehmeria interrupta. Willd. Urtica interrupta. Lin.
41. Urtica heterophylla. Vahl.
42. Euphorbia Antiquorum. Lin.
43. Euphorbia Nivulia. Hamilton. E. nereifolia. Roxb.
For E. nereifolia Linnaeus has quoted Rumphius, iv. t. 40, together with the pre-
sent figure of Rhccdc's and the former is the E. ligularia, and the latter
the E. nereifolia of Roxburgh. Both these species have been described by
different authors for E. nereifolia, and, to prevent confusion, Dr. Hamilton
has changed the uame.
44. Euphorbia Tirucalli. Lin.
45. Barleria longifolia of Lin. Lam. Ruellia longifolia. Roxb.
In Esenbeck's New Arrangement of the Acanthaceae, B. longifolia is removed
to a separate genus, with the name of Asteracantha.
46. Hygrophila obovata. Hamilton. Ruellia obovata. Roxb.
The younger Linnaeus has described his Ruellia difformis ' foliis linearibus,' and
queried, without any sufficient grounds, whether this plant of Rheede's may
not be a variety.
47. Barleria bispinosa of Vahl. N.Esen. B. cristataVar. Lam.
B. buxifolia. Roxb. (not Lin.) B. obovata. Hamilton.
Quoted by Linnaeus and most other authors for E. buxifolia; but under that
name Linnaeus has obviously confounded this plant with an American Bar-
leria, and the name in Dr. Hamilton's opinion more probably belongs to the
latter.
48. Dilivaria Ilicifolia of Juss, Per soon. Acanthus Ilicifolius.
Lin.
HORT. MAL.— VOL. II. 9
Tab. 49. Ludwigia diffusa. Hamilton. Jussiaea caryophyllaea. Lam.
Quoted in the Species Plantarum both for Ludwigia perennis and for Jussitea
suffruticosa; but, in the Mantissa, Linnaeus has cancelled the reference to the
former, and it is a very uncertain species. Dr. Hamilton's definition of his
L. diffusa is not happily expressed ' capsulis subpedunculatis folio dimidio
brevioribus ;' and, from a comparison of authentic specimens, I much doubt
whether it is more at most than a variety of Roxburgh's L.parviflora. By
Sir J. E. Smith this figure is erroneously quoted for the American Jussicca erecta.
30. Jussiaea suffruticosa of Lin. Surman. J. villosa. Lam. J. ex-
altata. Roxb>
As is above remarked, the Carambu, t. 49, is quoted in the Sp. Plant, both
for Ludwigia perennis and for J. suffruticosa, and by his erroneous reference to
Rumphius for the latter species in the Syst. Nat., Linnaeus has encreased the
confusion. The younger Burman, in the Flora Indica, has referred to this,
tab. 50, as a variety of/, suffruticosa, and in his Father's Index it was subse-
quently quoted for the alpha of that species, in which arrangement he has been
followed by Sir J. E. Smith and Dr. Hamilton.
51. Jussiaea repens. Lin.
52. Cassia Sophera. Lin. Senna Sophera. Roxb. Chamaefis-
tula Sophera. G. Don.
53. Cassia Tora of Lin. Var. W.fyA. C.Tagera. Lam. fy DC.
(not Lin.)
Linnaeus, with a query, has quoted this figure, and used Rheede's nzmc(Taycra)
for a very different species of Cassia, and the Linnean name has therefore
been changed from C. Tagera to C. ciliaris. Of Lamarck's C. Tagera and of
C.ciliaris, all our knowledge appears to have been derived in the former case
from Rheede, and in the other from a short description in the Species Plan-
tarum ; and Drs. Wight and Arnott, from an examination of the specimen
of C. Tagera, in the Linnean Herbaricum, suspect that the latter may be
the C. tenella of De Candolle.— -See Prodromus's Floras Peninsulae Indiae
Orientalis, p. 291.
54. ") Tabernaemontana coronaria. Roxb. T. divaricata. R. 8f S.
55. > Nerium coronarium. Willd, Nyctanthes acuminata. Bur-
} man.
It has been ascertained by Mr. Brown that this is the Linnean N. divaricatum,
and ita mark for a biennial in the Species Plantarum must therefore be erro-
neous. In Don's Dictionary, this t. 54 is quoted both for T, coronaria and for
Wrightla Rothii.
5G. Capsicum frutescens of Lin. R. 8f S.
Misquoted by Burman for C. annuum, and I am ignorant of Dcnnstedt's mean-
ing in calling it C. Sinense of Linnaeus. This is certainly C. frutescens of the
Hortus Cliftbrtianus, p. 60, but Linnaeus subsequently omitted the reference
to Rheede in the Species Plantarum, which may have thrown some doubt
on his intentions.
B
Tab,
HORTUS MALABARICUS.
VOL. III.
Corypha umbraculifera, Lin.
Cycas sphaerica of Roxb.
Most authors have followed Linnaeus in quoting these figures jointly with
Rumphius, i. t. 22 and 23, for Cycas circularis, but Roxburgh has arranged
them separately, and they appear to me to be distinct.
•Phoenix sylvestris. Roxb. Elate sylvestris. Lin.
Dr. Hamilton suspects that this is nothing more than the Linncan Phoenix dac-
tylifera in a wild uncultivated state, but it is arranged as a separate species
in the Flora Indica.
26 "^
27* I Artocarpus integrifolius of Lin. Supt. Willd. Artocarpus
28.)
Jaca.Var. Lam. Sitodium cauliflorum. Gart.
Artocarpus Jaca is Lamarck's name for this species, and he considered Rum-
phius, i. t, 31, to be the Linnean A.integrifolius, and Rheede's plant to be a
variety.
HORT. MAL.—VOL. III. 11
Tab. 29. Annona squamosa. Lin.
30,
31,
30 7
' > Annona rcticulata. Lin.
A.reticulata, in the Species PI an tar urn, is described to be a native of America,
and a reference to Rheede has been added in the Systema Naturae. I have
only seen a Jamaica plant, which differed considerably from these figures, but
they have been quoted by almost every author for A.reticulata, and the dif-
ference may perhaps be attributed to the growth in a different climate.
32. Artocarpus hirsuta. Lam. A. pubescens. Willd.
33. Nauclea Cadamba. Roxb. N. citrifolia. Poiret.
Quoted by Linnaeus, Gocrtncr, and most other authors, for N. orientalis, with
which this species appears to have been formerly confounded ; and in the
Hortus Britannicus it is quoted both for N. orientalis and for N. Cadamba.
It is considered by Wight and Arnott to be N. purpurea, rather than N. Ca-
damba of Roxburgh ; but Rheede has described the flower to be yellow.
34. Psidium pyriferum. Lin.
Dr. Hamilton says that tab. 34 and 35 belong to the same species, and I have seen
West India plants of P. pyriferum or pomiferum, with the fruit of an inter-
mediate shape.
35. Psidium pomiferum. Lin.
36. Careya arborea. Roxb.
Quoted by Dennstedt for the Psidium montanum of Swartz.
37. AegleMarmelosofCorrea. Roxb. Crataeva Marmelos. Lin.
OO 'J
*> Dillenia indica. Lin. D.integra of Thunberg.
'>t'» y
Most authors have followed Thunberg, who has quoted these figures (theSyalita
of Rheede) together with D. indica of Linnaeus for his D. spedosa, but Rheede
has represented the leaves to be nearly entire, and this plant has altogether
more affinity with the D. integra of Thunberg. Linnaeus first constituted the
species in the Hortus Cliffortianus, where there is no mention of any Ser-
ratures, and all his references are either directly to, or belong to, the Syalita;
but to these Synonyms, in the Species Plantarum, he has added the Songium
of Rumphius, which much resembles the D. spedosa, and this may have led to
the long continuance of the error in considering the D. indica and D. spedosa
to be the same. The Songium is, however, quoted for a separate species,
with the name of D. elKptica, by Thunberg. There is no specimen of D. indica
in the Linnean Herbarium, and all the specimens that I have seen of D. spedosa
accord with Roxburgh's Description in having the leaves 'most regularly
sharp-serrate.'
40. SonneratiaacidaofLin. Sup. Willd. Rhizophora caseolaris.
Lin. Sp. Plant.
41. Diospyros Embryopteris. Persoon. D. glutinosa. Roxb.
Garcinia malabarica. Desrousseux.
It is D. glutinosa of the Flora Indica; but Roxburgh, in his Plants of Coro-
mandel, has described it with the name of Embryopteris glutinifera, and in
Don's Dictionary the species is erroneously called E, yelatinifera. The leaves,
12 HORT. MAL.—VOL. III.
as represented in this figure, are considerably broader and more obtuse than
in any specimen that I have met with, but Dr. Hamilton has remarked that
they vary much in shape.
Tab. 42. Cratseva Nurvala. Hamilton in Lin. Trans, xv. p. 142.
This figure is misquoted by Linnaeus for C. Tapia, and by Willdenow for C. re-
ligiosa. It is also quoted by Roxburgh for his Capparis trifoliata ( which is
synonymous with Cratteva religiosa), but Dr. Hamilton has ascertained that
it is a distinct species.
44* > Averrhoa Carambola. Lin.
46* V Averrhoa Bilimbi. Lin.
48*> Phyllanthus longifolius. Roxb. Averrhoa acida. Lin.
Quoted by Linnaeus for A. acida, and his Cicca disticha, as well as Phyllanthus
longifolius of Jacquin and Roxburgh (not of Lamarck), is the same species.
Dr. Hamilton thought that Rheede's Plant is the P. Cheramela rather than the
P. longifolius of Roxburgh, but there can be no doubt that P . Cheramela of
the Hortus Bengalensis is P. longifolius of the Flora Indica.
S0" I Eriodendron anfractuosum. DC. Bombax pentandrum.
r j* 4 Lin. Gossampinus alba. Hamilton,
52. Bombax malabaricum. DC. B.heptaphyllum. Roxb. (no
Lin.) Gossampinus rubra. Hamilton.
Misquoted by Linnaeus for JB. Ceiba, and by Burman and Willdenow for the
Linnean B.heptaphyllum; both of which in all probability are exclusively
American plants.
53. Mesua ferrea. Lin. M . speciosa. D C.
De Candolle has followed Burman in arranging this plant of Rheede's and of the
Herb. Amb. vii. t. 2, as separate species, and he has, as I think, erroneously
retained the Linnean name for the latter. Sir W. Jones has used Nagacesara
instead of Mesua for the generic name, and in the Asiatic Researches says,
" Surely, the genuine appellation of an Indian plant should be substituted for
the corrupted name of a Syrian Physician, who could never have seen it ; and
if any trivial name was necessary to distinguish a single species, a more ab-
surd one than Iron could net possibly have been selected for a flower with
petals like silver and anthers like gold."
54. Anacardium occidentale, Var. indicum. D C.
Quoted by Linnseus for A. occidentale, but there is a considerable difference be-
tween the East and West India Nuts, and it is probably a distinct species,
55. Ficusnitida. Willd.
56. Ficus undulata ? Hamilton in Lin. Trans, xv. p. 133.
Quoted with a query by Willdenow and Foiret for F. terebrata, by Lamarck for
his F. pyrifolia, and by Martyn for F. pertusa, and I have not noticed any re-
feronce to this uncertain figure without a mark of doubt.
HORT. &AL.— VOL. III. 13
Tab, 57. Ficus cotoneaefolia. Vahl.
Quoted by Linnaeus, Burman, Lamarck, and Sir James Smith, for F. indica; by
Willdeuow and Persoon, and with a mark of doubt by Dr. Hamilton, for
F. citrifotia ; and by Persoon and Rcemer and Schultes for the F. cotoneafolia
of Yahl. In Sir W. Jones's copy at the Athenaeum this plate is marked
' F. indica citrifolia.'
58. Ficus excelsa. Vahl.
59. Ficus septica. Burman.
CO. Ficus asperrima. Roxb.
Quoted by Burman and Dennstedt for F. Ampelos; but Sir J. E. Smith, in de-
scribing that species, says of this figure, that ' the leaves are too small,
and the fruit unlike our specimen,' and he then suggests] that it may be
F. potiloria of Loureiro, but Loureiro has described the fruit of his species to
be in spikes.
61. Ficus Perim teregam. Burman. F. hispida. Blume(notLin.)
All modern authors, except Blume, have quoted this figure with a mark of
doubt; some for F.oppositifolia, some for F. symphitifolia, and others for
F. hispida. By Blume it is quoted for the latter, and it may possibly be the
tree which he met with, but the Linnean F. hispida, from the description in the
Supplementum Plantarum, must be quite different. In Burman's Index the
Caprificus viridis of Rumphius, which he considered to be the same as this
plant of jRheede's, is marked F. Perim teregam, with the addition of HML
(Hort. Mai. Lin.?), and it may perhaps be inferred, that he was aware of
Linnaeus's intention to describe the species with that name. It, however,
appears to be uncertain whether the Perim teregam of Rheede and the Capri-
feus viridis of Rumphius are the same species, though the identity is strongly
asserted by Burman, and Blume has quoted the latter for his F. Ribes.—See
Rumphius, vol. iii. p. 153.
62. Ficus heterophylla of Lin. Sup. Lam.
It is quoted by Willdenow for F. aquatica, and by Vahl and Sir J. E. Smith for
F. rufescens, both of which are probably synonymous with F. heterophylla,
and for the latter by Lamarck, Persoon, and Roxburgh. In Gen. Hard-
wicke's copy this plate is marked 'F. humilis, Banksii MSS.— F. heterophylla.
Kcenig.'
63. Ficus amplissima. Smith. F. Tsjela. Roxb.
This, according to Burman, Willdenow, Vahl, and the Hort. Kew., is the
Linnean F. indica, but Linnaeus has only quoted Rheede's figure jointly with
some American Fici for a variety of that species.
I
64. Ficus infectoria. Willd. F. venosa. Smith. F. Tsjakcla.
Burman.
F. venosa of Willdenow, for which Dennstedt has quoted this figure, is a
different species.
HORTUS MALABARICUS,
VOL. IV.
' £ Mangifera indica. Lin. .
o "i
/ > Terminalia Catappa. Lin.
5. Myristica dactyloides. Gcert. M. malabarica. Lam.
Willdenow considered this to be bis Af. tomentosa; but Sir J. E. Smith (in
Rees's Cyc.) has remarked, that, unless Rheedc's figure is inaccurate, it
must be a distinct species. Rheede has obviously described the branch of
a female plant; and may not the panicle which he has figured separately
belong to the male?
6. Barringtonia racemosa. Roxb. Stravadium racemosum. Juss.
Stravadia alba. Persoon. Eugenia racemosa. Lin.
Misquoted by Gsertner for Barringtonia speciosa.
7. Barringtonia aeutangula. Gcert. Stravadium acutangulum.
Juss. Stravadia rubra. Persoon. Stravadium rubrum.
D C. Eugenia aeutangula. Lin.
8.
Quoted by Linnaeus, in the Flora Zeylanica, for the Maharatombola, which is a
species taken from Burman's Thesaurus, and not noticed in his other works.
Dr. Hamilton has suggested that it may belong to the genus Scopolia of
Forster, but it is quoted with a query by Dennstedt for Eugenia paniculata
of Lamark (i.e. Sygygium paniculatum of De Candolle); and Professor Don
thinks, though the description may do for Scopolia, that the figure more
resembles some Myrtaceous plant.
0. Holigarna longifolia. Roxb. Mangifera? racemosa. Lam.
Hadestaphylum causticum. Denn.
The 'Bibo,' which Rheede, at p. 20, has described as a variety, and which
Dr.Hamilton has quoted, instead of this figure for H. longifolia, was consi-
dered by Roxburgh to be Semecarpus Anacardium.
10. Terminalia Belerica. Roxb. Myrobalanus Bellerica. Gart*
Dr. Hamilton suspected that this may be a species distinct from T. Belerica, for
which he has proposed the name of T. Taria ( Tania ?), but I cannot discover
any grounds for thinking so. By Dennstedt it is erroneously quoted for the
Gmelina parviflora of Roxburgh.
HORT. MAL. — VOL. IV. 15
Tab. 11. Rumphia Amboinensis. Lin. R. Tilisefolia. Poiret.
Although the description in the Genera Plantarum does not well accord with
Rheede's description and figure, it appears to me that the genus Rumphia
has been wholly derived from them, and that all the subsequent descriptions
of R. Amboinensis and R. Tllicefolia, as well as the figure in Lamarck's Illus-
trations, have been taken from the same source, nor can I find a specimen
under either name in the Linuean or any other Herbarium.
12. Atalantia monophylla of DC. W. fy A. Limonia mono-
phylla. Roxb.
This figure may probably have been intended for A . monophylla f but, particularly
in the fruit, it is far from accurate.
13. Randia dumetorum of W. &A. Gardenia dumetorum.
Kwnig's MS.
It is quoted in Kceing's MS. for Gardenia dumetorum, and there are specimens of
Randia or Posoqueria dumetorum at the Linnean Society, which answer to this
figure. Wight and Arnott say that the whole habit of the plant is extremely
variable, according as it grows in a poor or rich soil, and Gardenia spinosa of
Lin. Sup. is most probably the same species. In Burman's Index it is erro-
neously called Punica granatum, and by Dennstedt it is called * Limonia toru-
losay mihif but it cannot belong to the Hesperidese.
14. Limonia acidissima. Lin. L. crenulata. Roxb.
Linnaeus has occasioned some confusion by quoting the Anisifotium of Rum-
phius jointly with this figure for his L. acidissima, and their resemblance to
each other is chiefly confined to the foliage. The former is Feronia elephant um
of Correa.
15. Valeria indica. Lin. Elaeocarpus copalliferus. Willd.
16. Milnea edulis of Roxb. ? Nyalelia racemosa. Denn.
In some respects it answers better to M. montana of Dr. Jack in Lin. Trans.
• xiv. p. 117, but that species is described to be digynous.
17. Alangium decapetalum. Lam.
Roxburgh describes the flower to be six or seven petalled, and strongly suspects
that this is only a variety of A. hexapetalum.
18. Briedelia horrida. Hcydia horrida. Denn.
I have the authority of Professor Don for considering this to be a Briedelia, and
it is most probably a species allied to the B. spinosa of Roxburgh, which no
other author besides Rlieede has met with.
19. Sapindus trifoliatus. Lin. S. laurifolius. Vahl.
* > Lagcrstrocmia Reginae. Roxb. Adambea glabra, Lam.
22 Lagerstroemia hirsuta. Willd. Adambea hirsula. Lam.
It is remarked by Wight and Arnott, that this plant ' has hitherto been only
seen by Rheede, and known by his figure and description.'
23. XanthophyllumflavescensofRoxb. Blume. Kaulfussia ge-
miniflora. Dcnn.
20
21
16 HORT. MAL.— VOL. IV.
Tab. 24. Elseocarpus oblongus. Cart. E. Perim-kara. DC.
Quoted by Linnaeus, Burman, Willdenow, and Roxburgh for E. serralus, and it
is at least more nearly allied to the Ganitrum oblongum of Rumphius, which
is the E. oblongus of Gsertner. In Rumphius's figure the leaves are, however,
entire, though he has described them to be ' obscure et ample dentata/ and
De Candolle may have been misled by the figure to describe E. oblongus
'foliis integerrimis,' and to arrange this plant of Rheede's as a separate species.
25. Mimusops Kauki of Lin. Roxb. M. manilkara.C?. Don.
For M, KauJci Linnaeus has only quoted the Herb. Amb. vol. iii. t. 8; and the
flowers in Rumphius's plate appear to be mere copies from this figure of
Rheede's. I take Roxburgh's M. Kauki, with somewhat pointed leaves, to
be the Linnean species, sndAchras dissecta of the Supplement, for which Will-
denow has quoted this figure, to be Roxburgh's M. hexandra, with the leaves
emarginate, and the large branch here figured belongs to the former, while it
is not improbable that the flowers which Rheede has separately added may be
those of If. hexandra. Sir W. J. Hooker (Bot. Mag. t. 3157) has quoted this
figure for M. dissecta (M. hexandra ?), and has queried whether it is more
than a variety of M, Kauki. In like manner this figure has been quoted by
Lamarck for M. obtuslfolia, and by Gmelin for Achras Balata(i. e. M. Batata) t
and it appears to me to be very doubtful whether they together constitute
more than one, or at most two, species. Mr. G. Don has, however, arranged
all the five separate, and to these he has added Rheede's plant as a sixth
species, with the name of M. Manilkara.
26. Alangium hexapatalum. Lam.
27. Tectona grandis. Lin. Sup. Tectona Theka. Loureiro.
Theka grandis. Lam.
28. Wendlandia Notoniana of Wallich ?
Dr. Hamilton has queried whether this figure should not be referred to instead
of vol. ii. t. 23, for the Webera corymbosa of Willdenow; but, as suggested to
me by Professor Don, it is much more nearly allied to the Cttpia thyrsoidea of
De Candolle. Without any sufficient grounds, it is quoted with a mark of
doubt by Dennstedt for the Ardisia humilis of Vahl, and Poiret considered it to
be a species of Psychotria,
29. Clerodendrum serratum. Hamilton. Volkameria serrata of
Lin. Mant.
Roxburgh has not quoted Rheede for this species ; but to support Dr. Ha-
milton's opinion, I find in the late Gen. Hardwicke's copy that this plate is
marked ' Volkameria serrata Lin/
30. Benteka Rheedii. Lam. fyRfyS. Kasailo racemosa. Denn.
All our knowledge of this plant appears to have been derived from this figure
and description of Rheede's.
31. Cynometra ramiftora. Lin.
In the shape of the leaves this plant differs much from the Cynomorium sylveslre
of Rumphius, but all authors have takenMt to be the same species.
32. Odina Woodier of Roxb. Rhus Odina. Hamilton. Ha-
berlia grandis. JDenn.
HORT. MAL. — VOL. IV. 17
Tab. 33. Garuga pinnata. Roxb. Kunthia Cochinensis. Dcnn.
34. Schinus Saheria? Hamilton.
Some uncertainty must attend this plant, for Rheede has not figured or de-
scribed either the flower or the fruit, and what might be mistaken for the
latter is the work of an insect. Dennstedt calls it ' Haberlia grandis, mil
Gallauswuchsen' (see the foregoing tab. 32), but the leaves answer better to a
variety of Schinus Saheria, which Dr. Hamilton has mentioned * Serraturis
magnis remotis incisa.' See Lin. Trans, xvii. p. 193.
35. Artocarpus Ponga. Denn.
Dr. Hamilton concurs with Poiret in suspecting that this is a species of Brous-
sonetia, at present unknown ; and I apprehend that all Dunnstedt's know-
ledge of the plant is derived from Rheede.
36. Vitex leucoxylon of Lin. Sup. Roxb.
Misquoted by Linnaeus, Burman, and Willdenow, and in the Hortus Britannicus,
for Sterculiafcetida.
37. Cordia officinalis. Lam. C. Myxa. Roxb. (not Lin.)
C. Myxa Var. Poiret. Sebestena officinalis. Gcert.
Linnaeus has quoted this figure for C. Myxa, but it does not answer the charac-
ter ' calycibus decemstriatis,' and the name more properly belongs to a native
of Egypt. Of the East Indian plant Roxburgh says that the calyx is 'not
in the least striated.'
38. Calophyllum Inophyllum. Lin.
39. Calophyllum spurium. D C. C. apetalum. Willd. in
Berl. Mag.
Linnaeus confounded this species with an American plant of Jacquin's, and both
Lamarck and Willdenow (in his Edit, of the Sp. Plant.) have followed him in
quoting this figure for C. Calaba, but Willdenow afterwards corrected the
error in the Berlin Magazine. It may probably be the C. Calaboides of Don's
Dictionary, but he has not quoted this figure.
40. Celtis orientalis. Lin. C. orientalis Var. Hamilton.
Much confusion attends the references to this figure, from its having been
quoted by Burman both for Celtis orientalis and Rhamnus Napeca, and by
Linnaeus for the former in the Species Plantarum, and for Muntingia Calabura
in the Systema Naturae. Though Martyn has quoted this figure, his C. orien-
talis is another species, and is the C. Tournefortii of Lamarck.
41. Zizyphus Jujuba. Gcert. Rhamnus Jujuba. Lin.
Mr. Loudon is of opinion that this plant will thrive in the open air in the wanner
parts of the South of England (see Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannic urn.
vol. ii. p. 527); but the plant which Miller cultivated under the name of
R. Jujuba, appears from his description to have been a different species.
42. Melastoma malabarica. Lin.
The Ben Kadali, described by Rheede on the following page, is said by Wight
and Arnott to be Osbeckia Wight iana of Bentham. Dennstedt erroneously
considered t. 42 to be M.aspera, and t 43 to be M. malabarica.
C
18 HORT. MAL.— VOL. IV.
Tab. 43. Osbeckia cupularis ? W. fy A. Melastoma cyanoides. Smith
in Rees's Cyc.
This figure is quoted in the Species Plantarum, and by Gaertner, Willdenow,
and Blume, for M. aspera; but Burman, in the Flora Indica, has quoted t. 42
both for that species and for M. malabarica, and has referred to the present
figure for the Linnean M. Tiirta. The elder Burman, in his Index, says that
t. 43 is M. Scabra, and, by an inaccuracy in the references, has left in un-
certainty whether by his name he intended the M. scabrosa or M. aspera of
Linnaeus. To add to the confusion De Candolle has referred to this figure
both for M. aspera and for M. cyanoides ; and, on the other hand, in the En-
cyclopaedia Methodique, t. 42 and 43 are jointly quoted for M. malabarica.
44. Osbeckia virgata ? W.fyA. Melastoma montana. Denn.
In the late General Hardwick's copy this plate is marked Melasloma nemorum of
Kcenig, and Rheede says that it altogether resembles t. 42, ' nisi quod foliis,
floribus, fructibusque sit minoribus/
45. Avicennia Oepata. Hamilton in Lin. Trans. A. tomentosa.
Roxb. (notWilld.)
Under the synonymous names of Bontia germinans, Avicennia germinans, or
A. tomenlosa, Linnaeus and several other authors have described a native of the
West Indies, with a reference to this figure, and the Malabar plant, though
nearly allied, is most probably a separate species.
46. Achras retusa. Denn.
No author besides Dennstedt has noticed this figure, which cannot belong to
Achras, and Professor Don thinks that it is more allied to the Calophylliese.
' > Guettarda speciosa of Lin. Smith.
47.
48.
Quoted for Nyctanthes hirsuta by Linnaeus, and for Jasmimum hirsutum by Will-
denow, and Poiret thought that it may be Guettarde scabra (i. e. Mathiola
scabra. Lin.), which has only been found in America.
49. Casearia ovata. Willd. C. Anavinga. Persoon. Anavinga
ovata. Lam.
50. ChristmanniaCourondi. Denn.
\
I have not met with any other reference to this figure, and Professor Don sus-
pects that it may have been intended for the Johnia Coromandeliana of Rox-
burgh j but among other differences the flowers are described ' numerosis
staminulis' by Rheede.
51. Sapium indicum. Roxb.
I know not the meaning, but in General Hardwick's copy this plate is marked
' Aniidesrna nucifera. L/
5*2. Azadirachta Indica. W. Sf A. Melia Azadirachta. Lin.
53. Bergera Koenigii of Lin. Mant. W. fy A. Nimbo melioides.
Denn.
Dr. Hamilton has shewn good grounds for believing that this figure, though it
has not been referred to, may be the JB. Koenigii, and it at least answers far
better to the Linnean description than Rumphius's, i. t. 53, f. 1, which has
been quoted by Willdenow, or than the plant which, in the Botanical Cabinet,
HORT. MAL. — VOL. IV. 19
t. 1019, has been figured for that species. Roxburgh's B. Koenigii, in the
Plants of Coromandel, is also different, and it is not quoted in the Flora
Indica. In the latter work it is said in Bengal to be a small tree, whereas
Rheede mentions its lofty growth, and it may not improbably attain to a
larger size in the climate of Malabar.
Tab. 54. Olea dioica of Roxb. Hamilton. Picricarya oppositifolia.
Denn.
55. Physalis flexuosa. Lin.
Quoted by Linnaeus, Willdenow, Martyn, Roemer and Schultes, Von Esenbeck,
and Roxburgh, and in the Hortus Kewensis and Hortus Britaunicus, for
P. flexuosa; but Dr. Hamilton (in Lin. Trans, xvii. p. 209) has questioned
whether it is not an entirely different plant
56. Stilago Bunias of Lin. Mant. Willd. Antidesma Alexiteria.
9 Lin. Sp. Plant.
Some authors have followed the Species Plantarum in quoting this figure for
Antidesma Alexiteria ; by others it is referred to for Stilago Bunias ; and by
some for both ; and it has been ascertained by Roxburgh and Sir J. E. Smith
that they are the same species. In being triandrous, it answers best to the
Linnean character of Stilago, and in its subcylindrical berries to that ,of
Antisdesma.
57. Hedyotis Lawsoniae. W. 8f A. Wendlandia? Lawsonia. D C.
Lawsonia purpurea. Lam.
Poiret has suggested that it should be removed to Petesia ; but from this genus,
equally with Lawsonia and Wendlandia, it differs in being monopetalous.
58. Gardenia latifolia of Roxburgh. Bertuchia speciosa. Denn.
I have not met with any reference to this figure besides Dennstedt's ; but, by
comparing it with Roxburgh's figure and with authentic specimens at the
Linnean Society, it appeared to my friend Mr. Don, as well as myself, to be
the G. latifolia. This plate in General Hard wick's copy is marked 'Gardenia
heteroclita Koeniy.'
59. ScaevolaTaccada. Roxb. Scaevola Bela madogam. R.fyp
Lobelia Taccada. Gcert. ? Roemeria Lobelia. Denn.
Four genera from other authors have received the name of Roemeria, and
Dennstedt appears very unnecessarily to have added a fifth.
60. Callicarpa cana of Lin. Mant.
' I have the authority of my friend Robert Brown for the above reference, and the
figure answers to a specimen at the Liunean Society, which has been so named
by Dr. Wallich. It is quoted with a query by Dennstedt for the Callicarpa
macrophylla of Vahl.
61. Sterculia guttata. Roxb. Astrodendruin malabaricum. Denn.
HORTUS MALABARICUS
VOL. V.
Tab. 1. Vitexalata. Roxb.
Quoted by Sir J. E. Smith for V. altissimus of the Supplementum Plantarum,
and, as he says that the footstalks of that species are sometime winged, it is
probably nothing more than a variety, though Roxburgh has placed them
separate. Linnaeus has defined V. altissimus ' foliis integerimis ;' and of the
leaves of this plant Rheede only says ' nonnumqr.am in ambitu crenata.' It is
quoted with a query by Dennstedt for the V.pubescens of Vahl.
2. Vitex latifolia. Lam.
3. Parilia raalabarica. Denn.
From Dr. Hamilton's remarks in Lin. Trans, xvii. p. 237, it may be inferred
that he considered this to be the female of some dioecious tree allied to
Oka dioica, but the fruit is different ; and, as was suggested to me by Pro-
fessor Don, it is more likely to be a Premna. I apprehend that the genus
Parilia has been wholly founded on Rheede's description.
4. Cyminosma pedunculata. W. fy A.
Drs. Wight and Arnott, whose opinions are entitled to great deference, say
that no dependance is lo be placed on the shape of the fruit, and that this and
table 15 are the same species. It is misquoted by Burman for a variety of
his Croton racemosum.
5. Usteria racemosa. Denn.
Quoted by Burman for a variety of his Acalypha spicijlora; and as it cannot be
an Usteria either of Cavanilles or Willdeoow, I suppose that Dennstedt must
have coined a third genus, with the same name from this description of
Rheede's. Poiret suspected that it is allied to Ceanothus ; and, on the other
hand, Dr. Hamilton considered it to be one of the Caprifoliacese, and to be at
the least nearly allied to the genus Schoepfia. Professor Don, however,
thinks that what the Doctor considered to be a calyx is nothing more than the
involvucre a little exaggerated, and that it may belong to Acalypha.
6. Hosea malabarica. Denn.
Dr. Hamilton has suggested that this may be a species of Tetracera j and, on
the contrary, Professor Don thinks that it is an Antidesma, but Rheede's
description as well as figure differs more from both these genera than can be
fairly attributed to accident or inadvertence.
7. Croton castaneifolium. Burman. Schinza inconspicua.
Denn.
The Linnean C. castaneifolium is quite different, and may probably be the Her-
mesia castaneifolia of Humboldt and Bonpland.
HORT. MAL. — VOL. V. 2i
Tab. 8. Tetracera Rheedii. DC. Calophyllum Akara. Burman.
Rohlingia suavolens. Denn.
Quoted by Poiret for Tetracera malabaricus of Lamarck (i. e. T. assa of DC.),
from which it has been separated by De Candolle.
9. Tetranthera lanuginosa of Wallich. Daiwinia quinqueflora.
Denn.
Dennstedt has carelessly coined a new genus from this plant, and given it a
name which has long been preoccupied for another by Mr. Rudge. It appears
to me to be at least very nearly allied to Tetranlhera lanuginosa, i. e. Tetradenia
lanuginosa of N. Esenbeck.
10. Pavetta indica. Lin. Ixora Pavetta. Roxb.
11. Dauceria obtusa. Denn. Embelia? Tsjeriam Cottam. A. DC.
Ardisia ? Tsjeram Cottam. R Sc S. Antidesma pubescens.
Roxb,?
Misquoted in the Hortus Kewensis and Hortus Britannicus for the Linnean
Antidesma alexiteria, and it somewhat resembles a male plant of that species,
but Rheede has figured the fruit.
12. Dauceria acuta. Denn. Embelia? Basaal. A. DC. Ardisia?
Basaal. R.fy S.
13. Carallia corymbosa. Arnott. Demidofia nodosa. Denn.
Cataliurn nitidum. Ham. MS.
I only know Carallia integrifolia by De Candolle's short description, and it may
possibly be the same species.
14. Guatteria Korinti. D C.
Quoted by Dennstedt with a ? for Uvaria lutea of Willdenow.
15. Cyminosraa pedunculata. Roxb. Laxmannia ankaenda.
Smith. Dorrienia malabarica. Denn.
There appears to be two species distinguishable by their long and compara-
tively short petals, and the name of Ankcenda has been given to the latter by
Gaertner and De Candolle, and to the former by Dryander and Smith, See
Lin. Trans, vol. ii. p. 232. Roxburgh, without appearing to be at all ac-
quainted with the Anlc&nda, has quoted this figure for his C. pedunculata,
and De Candolle has added a query to the reference, for which I cannot see
any sufficient grounds. The C. Ankeenda of De Candolle is the M. cyminosma
of Smith, and though not equally proper, it is preferable, to avoid further
confusion, that Gaertner should be followed, and that the name of Ankcenda
should be retained for the species with short petals.
16. Guatteria sempervirens. D C.
Quoted for Uvaria cerasoides of Roxb. by Poiret, and with a ? for Uvaria ligularis
of Lamarck by Dennstedt
17. Uvaria Heyneana. W. fyA. U. paracaroensis. Denn.
Guatteria montana. DC. G. malabarica. Dunal.
18. Guatteria acutiflora. Dunal. Uvaria mangattensis. Denn.
19. Memecylon laxiflorum. DC. M. tinctorium Var. W. fyA.
Sir J. E. Smith has quoted this figure for M. capitellatum, but it does not answer
to the Cornns sylvestris of Burman'* Thesaurus, which Linnaeus has quoted,
22 HORT. MAL. — VOL. V.
or to the only Memecylon in the Linnean Herbarium; and as Burman's
figure and this specimen also differ, it is probable that Linnaeus may have
confounded at least two species under that name. By Lamark, Persoon, and
Dennstedt it is misquoted for Eugenia parviflora of Lamarck.
Tab. 20. Sygyzium Zeylanicum of D C. W. fy A. S. Bellutta. DC.
Calyptranthus malabaricus. Denn. Myrtus quadran-
gularis. Ham. MS.
All our knowledge of S. Bellutta appears to have been derived from this figure
and description of Rheede's.
21. Rottlera tinctoria. Roxb.
Mistaken by Dennstedt for the Linnean Exccecaria Agallocha.
22.
Dennstedt says that this is the' Croton coccineum of Willdenow, which Roxburgh
has suggested may be his Rottlera tinctoria, i. e. tab. 21, and it is very nearly
allied to that species.
23. Excaecaria canjoerensis. Denn.
Burman has quoted this figure for a variety of Acalypha spiciflora, and it is ob-
viously from Rheede that Dennstedt has derived all his knowledge of this plant,
which I have Professor Don's authority for considering to be a Croton.
24. Rottlera tinctoria Var. monstrosa. Ham. MS.
Dennstedt has no ground for suspecting that it may be the Croton farinosum of
Lamarck, and it is by far more probably a lusus, occasioned by some insect.
25. Schmidelia Timoriensis. D C.
Burman and Martyn have followed Linnaeus in misquoting this figure for Rhus
Cominea, which is a West Indian plant ; and it is quoted by Wight and Arnott
for their Schmidelia Cobbe, i. e. Rhus Cobbe of Linnaeus ; but, in its compound
racemes, it answers better to the S. Timoriensis of De Candolle, and to the
Ornitrophe repanda of Roxburgh, though De Candolle has queried whether
the former is more than a variety of S. Cobbe. Denustedt, without sufficient
grounds, has suggested that it may be the Dalechampia triphylla of Lamarck.
26. Antidesma sylvestris. Lam.
27. Syzygium caryophyllaeum of Gaert. W.fy A. Eugenia co-
rymbosa. Lam.
This is the Linnean Myrtus caryophyllata, and the Eugenia caryophyllata of Rox-
burgh is the Caryophyllus aromaticus of Linnaeus; both of which plants are
figured in tab. 153 of Plukenet's Phytographia. Eugenia corymbosa of Rox-
burgh is a different species.
28. Ardisia solanacea of Roxb. Niara montanensis. Denn.
I know not what grounds Dennstedt could find for placing this plant as a se-
parate genus, and Mr.Don has confirmed my suspicion that it is the A . solanacea
of Roxburgh.
29. Syzygium Jambolanum of DC. W.fy.A. S. caryophylli-
folium. D C. Calyptranthes caryophyllifolia. Wittd.
C. Cumini. Persoon. Eugenia caryophyllifolia. Lam.
E. Jambolana. Roxb.
Although the contrary is asserted by Roxburgh in the Flora Indica, vol. ii. p. 487,
yet I apprehend that no certain character can be found to distinguish them,
HORT. MAL, — VOL. V. 23
and that Drs. Wight and Arnott have rightly arranged the S. Jambolanum and
S. caryophyllifolium of De Candolle, as the same species.
Tab. 30. Adolia alba. Lam. Scutia indica. W.fyA.
It is considered by Drs. Wight and Arnott to be an unarmed variety of Scutia
indica, i. e. Rhamnus circumscissus of Linnaeus ; and Roxburgh, of the latter,
says that ' the leading shoots are unarmed.' It is quoted with a query by
Dennstedt for the Linnean R. lineatus, but does not sufficiently answer to
Osbeck's figure and description.
31. Adolia rubra. Lam.
Wight and Arnott say that they have seen specimens with leaves equally acute,
and have quoted this figure jointly with tab. 30, for Scutia indica.
32. Rottlera dicocca ? Roxb.
Linnaeus and several other authors have been misled by Burman to quote this
figure under the names of Acatypha hispida or A.speciflora (i.e. Caturus
specifiorus of Lin. Mant.), and Roxburgh has mentioned its greater af-
finity with Rottlera dicocca, some specimens of which at the Linnean So-
ciety it much resembles, but the capsules do not accord with Rheede's
description.
33. Amelia Caretta. Ham. MS.
Dennstedt considers this to be the Psychotria asiatica of Linnaeus, but it is quite
different.
34. Zanthoxylum Rhetsa of DC. W.fy. A. Typalia limonella.
Denn.
35. Griffithia fragrans. W.fyA. Randia malabarica. Lam.
Stylocoryna? PandakiofDC.
36. Canthium parviflorum. Lam. Monetia triphylla. Denn.
Misquoted by Gaertner for C. didymum. Roxburgh has two species of Can-
thium with the name of parviflorum, and this, with four stamens, is one, and
the following C. Rheedii is probably the other.
37. Canthium Rheedii. D C.
By some authors this figure has been erroneously quoted for Monetia diacantha;
by others (instead of 36) for Webera tetrandra, and by Willdenow for both.
38. Flacourtia cataphracta of Roxb.
Both the flowers and fruit were unknown to Rheede, and I am indebted to Pro-
fessor Don for the name.
39. Flacourtia sepiaria. Roxb.
Misquoted by Linnaeus, Burman, and Lamarck, for Sideroxylon spinosum, which
is Argania sideroxylon of Roemer and Schultes.
40. Sondaria cranganoorensis. Denn.
Dr. Hamilton thought that this may be one of the Rhamnae, but my friend Pro-
fessor Don has suggested that it belongs rather to the Celastrineze.
41. Toddalia asiatica. Lam. T. aculeata. DC. Paullinia
asiatica. Lin. Scopolia aculeata, Roxb. Cranzia acu-
leata. Martyn.
24 HORT. MAL. — VOL. V.
Tab. 42. Bruxanelia indica. Denn.
All Dennstedt's knowledge of this plant has most probably been derived from
the HortusMalabaricus, and it has been suggested that it may belong to Grewia,
by Lamarck, and to the Coffeacese by Poiret ; and, on the other hand, it is said
be nearly allied to Memeclyon and Jambolifera, by Dr. Hamilton.
43. Phyllanthus turbinatus. Roxb. P. retusus. Denn.
44. Phyllanthus Vitis Idaea. Roxb. P. oblongifolius. Denn.
Erroneously quoted in Burman's Index for the Linnean P. maderaspatensis*
45. Excaecaria Camettia. Willd.
Misquoted, instead of vii. t. 45, by Lamarck, De Candolle, and others for
Cissus trilobata ; all Willdenow's knowledge of this plant appears to have been
derived fromRheede, and Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees's Cyclopaedia, has thrown
out a query whether it is more than a variety of the Linnean E. Agallocha.
46. Grewia pilosa. Lam.
Quoted by Linnaeus and most other authors for G. orientalis, and by Lamarck
both for G. orientalis and for his G. pilosa, which he describes with hairy
fruit, and to differ in having * Les pedoncles divisees et multiflores.' A spe-
cimen, marked G. pilosa, at the Linnean Society, differs from Rheede's de-
scription only in its yellowish flowers, and this figure is quoted with a mark
of doubt by Wight and Arnott for G. columnaris.
47. Colubrina asiatica of Brongniart. Ceanothus asiaticus of Lin.
Lam. Celastrus sepiarius. Denn.
48. Gomphia augustifolia. Vahl. Walkera serrata. Willd.
Meesia serrata. Gcert.
49. Clerodendrum inerme. Roxb. Volkameria inermis of Lin.
Surman.
50. Casearia esculenta. Roxb. Bedousia malabarica. Denn.
Quoted with a query by Poiret for his Samydafragilis, and they appear to be
nearly allied.
51. Premna longifolia of Roxb. Baldingera glandulosa. Denn.
Roxburgh has not quoted this figure, but it answers to his description and spe-
cimens at the Linnean Society.
52. Gomphia augustifolia Var. monstrosa. W. #. A G. malaba-
rica. D C. Ochna malabarica. Poiret.
Wight and Arnott consider this to be a monstrocity of tab. 48, and there is not
any such difference in the appearance or description of their stamens as to
warrant De Candolle in quoting the one for a Walkera, and the other for a
Gomphia. See G.Sumalrana, in Hooker's Botanical Miscellany, vol. ii. p. 78.
53. Cinnamomum malabratum. Lam. Laurus malabratum.
Burman.
Roxburgh has quoted this figure for his L. maldbathrica, which is the C. Euca-
lyptoides of Necs Von Esenbeck, and this latter author queries whether
Rheede's plant may not be a variety of his C. obtusifolium ; but I take the
specimen, which it most resembles at the Lianean Society, to be the L. mala-
bratwn of Wallich.
HORT. MAL.— VOL. V. 25
Tab. 54. Coulejia amentacea. Dcnn.
I fear that a genus of Dennstcdt's coining is of no great value, and Professor
Don has suggested that this may be an undescribed species of Antidesma.
55. Chionanthus Ghaeri. Ham. MS. Forsythia Mala Elengi.
Denn.
All Gsertner's knowledge of C. Gheeri was derived from an empty capsule
which he found in a Museum at Leyden, and, as Lamarck's figure is a mere
copy from Gsertner's, it is likely always to remain a doubtful species.
Rheede's plant is nearly allied to the C. ramiflora of Roxburgh, and cannot
belong to Forsythia.
56. Rodschiedia serrata. Denn.
Rodschiedia is another most uncertain genus of Dennstedt's creation, and
Professor Don thinks that this plant of Rheede's is undoubtedly a species of
Croton.
57.
Rheede has not noticed either the flower or the fruit, and the 0/«s albus of
Rumphius, vol. i. t. 78, is probably the same tree.
58. Dalbergia paniculata of Willd.
Quoted in Hamilton's MS. for D. latifolia of Willdenow, but it answers better
to Roxburgh's figure of D. paniculata. Poiret conjectured that it may be a
species of Sophora allied to S. keptaphylla, and that the timber called ' Bois de
Bitte/ is produced by it.
59. Jonesia Asoca. Roxb. J. pinnata. Willd.
Linnaeus has not quoted any figure, but there seems to be no doubt that this is
the Saraca Indica of his Mantissa.
60. Cambusa baccifera. Roxb. B, scriptoria. Denn. Beesha
baccifera. ft.fyS.
HORTUS MALABARICUS.
VOL. VI.
Tab. 1. Poinciana pulcherrima. Lin. Caesalpiuia pulcherrima.
Willd.
2. Caesalpinia Sappan. Lin.
3. Pongamia glabra. Vent. Galedupa indica. Lam. Dal-
bergia arborea. Willd.
Pongam is Rheede's name for this plant, and Ventenat has observed, " J'aurois
du. peut-etre citer avec doubte le synonyme de Rheede, pareeque la Plante
qui est figur^e dans 1'Hortus Malabaricus, et qui est le type du genre Pon-
gamia, semble differer, surtout par la forme de ses fruits and de ses semences
du Pongamia glabra." Sir W. Jones, in the Asiatic Researches, vol. iv. p. 300,
has used Caranjaca for the generic name.
4. Acacia Intsia. Willd. Mimosa Intsia. Lin.
5. Acacia odoratissima of Willd. W. $ A. A. lomutocarpa.
D C. Mimosa marginata. Lam.
Quoted by De Candolle for his A. lomatocarpa, but he has queried whether the
flowers in this figure are not too loosely panicled, &c., and Wight and Arnott
appear to have decided rightly that his A . lomatocarpa and A. odoratissima
are the same.
6. Ameloveenia spinosa. Denn.
This may probably have no claim to constitute a separate genus, and Professor
Don considers it to be a Caesalpinea, although the leaves in the figure are not
bipinnate, and Rheede has described the flowers to be pentandrous.
7. Erythrina indica. Lam, E. corallodendrum Var. orientalis.
Lin.
8. Caesalpinia mimusoides. Lam.
9. 1 Cassia glauca. Lam. C. arborescens. Willd. C. sul-
10. j phurea. D C. Senna arborescens. Roxb.
C. arborescena of Martyn is quite different, and is a native of South America.
11. Moringa pterogosperma. Gcert. Hyperanthera moringa.
Willd. Guilandina moringa. Lin.
12. Inga bigemina. Willd. Mimosa bigemina. Lin.
HORT. MAL.— VOL. VI. 27
Tab. 13. Cajanus bicolor. D C. C. indicus Var. W. fy A.
Most other writers have followed Linnaeus in quoting this figure or Cy lisas
Cajati, which comprises the Cajanus flavus and Cajanus bicolor of De Candolle,
and whether they are more than varieties is rather uncertain.
14. Adenanthera pavonina. Lin.
15. Ailantus Pongelion. Gmelin. Ailantus malabarica. DC.
Adenanthera triphysa. Denn.
Misquoted by Poiret for Ailantus glandulosa.
' > Butea frondosa. Roxb. Erythrina monosperma. Lam.
Sir William Jones has strongly expressed a hope that this genus may be al-
lowed to retain the name of Palasa, « its ancient and classical appellation.'
18. Niota pendula. Smith. N. pentapetala. Poiret. Sama-
dera indica of Gaert. W. $ A.
Sir J. E. Smith (in Rees's Cyc.) has shewn that there are no grounds for
placing the N. tetrapetala and N. pentapetala as separate species. Plukenet
first coupled the name of Samandra with the Nagam of Rheede (tab. 21.), and
from hence the Samandara of Burman and the Samandura of Linnaeus's Flora
Zeylanica have been derived ; and, as Gsertner's Samadera has obviously the
same derivation, it may be queried, particularly from the references to Ray,
whether the name does not belong to Heritiera rather than Niota.
19. Caesalpinia paniculata. Roxb. Guilandina paniculata.
Lam.
20. Csesalpinia axillaris. D C. Guilandina axillaris. Lam.
21. Heritiera littoralis. H. Kew. Sutherlandia littoralis.
Gmelin.
See the foregoing note on tab. 18.
22. Dalbergia scandens. Roxb.
Misquoted by Willdenow, Smith, and others, for D. lanceolaria of the Supple •
mentum Plantarum, and as a variety of that species by Lamarck ; and De
Candolle considered it to be either his D. Timorknsis or a species unknown.
23. JusticiabicalyculataofWilld. Ham. MS. J. fragilis. Denn.
It is not much like Roxburgh's specimen, but may be a variety of Justicia
( Peristrophe) bicalyculala.
24. Connarus pinnatus. Lam.
Dennstedt has arranged this for the Linnean C. asiaticus, and vol. vii. t. 26, for
C. pinnatus. De Candolle has not quoted this figure, but C. pinnatus is his
Omphalobium pinnatum; and I may here remark, that the name Omphalobium
is now in use for two very different genera. See Hortus Britannicus, p. 155
and p. 277.
25. Pterocarpus Marsupium of Roxb.? W. # A. Cassia can.
denatensis. Denn.
This may possibly have been intended for a starved plant of P. Marstipium,
which it resembles in the leaves, but the disposition of the flowers is quite dif-
ferent, and the membranaceous wing of the legume is wanting.
28 HORT. MAL. — VOL. VI.
Tab. 26. Bignonia Colais. Ham. MS.
Quoted by the younger Linnaeus, and generally by other authors, for B. Chelo-
noides, but was considered by Dr. Hamilton to be a separate species.
27. Sesbania ./Egyptiaca of Pers. W* fy A. JLschynomene Ses-
ban of Lin. Roxb.
Misquoted by Willdenow for Coronilla aculeata, and for Sesbania aculeata by
De Candolle, and the long pendulous legumes answer better to Alpinus's
figure, which Linnaeus has quoted for dE. Sesban.
28. Apama siliuosa. Lam. A. dubia of Gmelin.
Lamarck's knowledge of this plant was wholly derived from the Hortus Mala-
baricus, and it is most probable that Apama has been misprinted for Alpama,
and that the generical name was intended to be taken from Alpam, which is
Rheede's name. Plukenet has noticed its affinity with his Phytographia,
tab. 96, f. 7.
29.
Quoted by the younger Linnaeus and others for Bignonia Spathacca, from the
description of which it materially differs, and Spathodea Rheedi is merely
another name for that species ; or if taken, as the name implies, wholly from
this figure, it should have been described to be octandrous. It is also mis-
quoted in the Hortus Britannicus for Spathodea longiflora of Ventenat, as sy-
nonymous with B. chelonoides.
30. Helicteres corylifolia. Ham. MS.
Quoted by Lamarck for his H. ovata, and by Linnaeus and most other Botanists
for H. Isoru. Dr. Hamilton, however, considered it to be a separate species ;
but, as the leaves of H. Isora vary considerably in shape, I much doubt
whether it is more than a variety.
31 )
g2* > Bruguiera Rheedii. Blume.
Quoted by Linnaeus and most other writers for Rhizophora gymnorhiza, and for
Bruguiera gymnorhiza by Lamarck; and it is plain that both B. Rheedii and
B. cylindrica were considered by Gaertner to be nothing more than varieties of
the West Indian R. Mangle.
33. Bruguiera cylindrica. Blume. B. malabarica. Arnott.
Rhizophora cylindrica. Lin.
Dr. Arnott has given the name of B. malabarica to this plant, and retained that
of B. cylindrica for the Mangium digitatum of Rumphius, apparently under an
erroneous impression that Linnaeus had quoted the Herbarium Amboinense,
vol. iii. tab. 70, jointly with Rheede's figure for his B. cylindrica. It is the
Mangium minus, t. 69, that Linnaeus has quoted, and this Blume considers to
be the foregoing B. Rheedii.
34. Rhizophora conjugata of Lin. Arnott. R. Mangle. Roxb.
(not Lin.) R. apiculata. Blume. R. candelaria. D C.
Misquoted by Linnaeus and most other authors for JR. Mangk, which is now said
not to have been found in the East Indies.
35. Kandelia Rheedii. W.fy A. Rhizophora Candel. Lin.
36. ^giceras majus of Gaert. Roxb. M. fragrans. C. Kcenig.
Bruguiera obtusa. Denn.
As pointed out by Mr. C. Konig it is the Rkisophora corniculata of Linnaeus.
HORT. MAL. — VOL. VI. 29
Tab. 37. Lumnitzera racemosa of Willd. W. Sf A. Petaloma 'al-
ternifolia. Roxb. Bruguiera Madagascariensis. Roxbt
Funkia Cara Kandel. Denn.
Dr. Jack has mentioned the affinity of this plant to his Pyrranthus litoreus, and
it is quoted erroneously by Gaudichaud for Laguncularia purpurea.
38.
39.
40. ^Hibiscus mutabilis. Lin.
41.
42.
43. Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis of Lin.
44. Hibiscus aculeatus. Roxb. H. Surattensis Var. Lin.
45. Abutilon populifolium. G. Don. Sida populifolia. Lam.
Abutilon indicum. W. fy A.
Considered by Wight and Arnott to be the Sida indica, and by Burman this
figure is quoted for the S. asiatica of Linnaeus, which may probably be nothing
more than a variety.
46. Hibiscus vitifolius. Lin.
47. Ophioxylon serpentinum. Lin. (Syst. Nat.) O. trifoliatum.
Gcert. Reichardiajasminoides. Denn.
The leaves in this figure, probably through an error of the artists, are binate ;
and though a variable plant, I have never seen any specimen in which they
are less than ternate. I apprehend it is this which induced Dennstedt to give
it another name, and that all his knowledge of the Reichardiajasminoides has
been derived from Rheede. Most other authors, except Burman, have taken
it to be an Ophioxylon, and by Poiret, who has arranged the O. serpentinum
and O. trifoliatum as separate species, it is quoted for both.
48. Tabernaemontana orientalis of Brown Var. ? Reichardia
grandiflora. Denn.
Rheede has not noticed either the stamens or the fruit, and Dennstedt must
ratherrashly have referred it to the same genus as the foregoing tab. 47. It
has much the appearance of a Tabernsemontana, and except in the arrangement
of the leaves, it resembles the Curutu Pala (vol. i. tab. 46), on which Linnaeus
has founded his T. alternifolia, and it is at least nearly allied to the T. orientalis
of Brown, but the flowers are described to be scentless.
49. Gardenia florida of Lin. ? Denn.
As Rheede has not noticed the seed vessel, this must remain rather an un-
certain figure, and the more so as the late Dr. Hamilton considered it to be
one of the Apocynoe. For this I cannot, however, think that he had sufficient
grounds, and he has suggested, from the exserted filaments, that it may belong
to Farsonsia or Lyonsia, but to me it appears to be Gardenia florida.
50. Jasminum Sambac Var. Roxb. Mogorium Sambac.
Lam.
Misquoted by the younger Barman for his Nyctantkes mvltifora, which is
J. pulescens.
30 HORT. MAL.-— VOL. VI.
Tab. 51. Jasminum Sambac Var. trifoliatum. Vahl. Mogorium Sam-
bac Var. Lam.
Loureiro has not quoted any figure ; but this, most probably, is his Nyctanthes
grandijlora.
52. Jasminum grandiflorum. Lin.
53. Jasminum angustifolium. Willd. J. angustifolium Var.
laurifolium. Bot. Reg. Mogorium triflorum. Lam.
Nyctanthes angustifolia. Lin.
54. Jasminum pubescens. Roxb. Mogorium multiflorum. Lam.
In some points this figure answers better to Nyctantkes elongatum of the Sup-
plementum Plantarum, i. e., /. elongatum of Willdenow, for which it has been
quoted by Dennstedt, and the plant is said by Rheede to be inodorous,
whereas both J. pubescens and /. elongatum are fragrant.
55. Jasminum undulatum Willd. Mogorium undulatum. Lam.
Nyctanthes undulata. Lin.
Roxburgh considered this to be only a variety of J. Sambac, which species, for
its beauty and fragrance, is much cultivated in the gardens of all the warmer
climates, and is therefore likely to vary much from a difference in the soil and
treatment. J'. undulatum of the Botanical Register is a different species, and
if the short description, exclusive of the synonym, can be relied on, it may be
the Linnean Nyctanthes hirsuta.
56.
Quoted erroneously by Dennstedt for Jasminum vimineum of Willdenow, and by
Burmaninhis Index for 'Jasminum Nyctanthes of Linnaeus, Sp. Plant, p. 456.'?
Professor Don considers it to be a Gardenia, which it otherwise resembles,
but differs both in the figure and description of the stamens.
57. Capparis Heyneana. W. 8f A.
Linnaeus in the Species Plantarum has confounded an American plant of Plunder's
with another of Browne's, and, retaining an erroneous reference to this figure,
which appears in Plunder's work, has given Rheede's name of Baducca to the
species, and several authors have followed him in quoting it for C. Baducca.
By De Candolle this figure is quoted for another species, from the description
of which it also differs, and to which, from the supposed identity, he has given
the name of C. Rheedii, and by Drs. Wight and Arnott C. Rheedi is considered
to be nothing more than a variety of De Candolle's C. brevispina.
58. Pterospermum glabrescens. W. fy A.
Quoted with a query by Dennstedt for Capparis mariana of Jacquin.
59. Hiptage Madablota. Geert. Gaertnera racemosa. Roxb.
Molina racemosa. Lam. Banisteria benghalensis of
Lin. Martyn. Succowia fimbriata. Denn.
60. Justitia picta. Lin. Gratophyllum hortense. N. Esen.
61. Croton variegatum. Lin,
HORTUS MALABARICUS.
VOL. VII.
Tab. 1 Anamirta Cocculus. W. fy A. Cocculus suberosus of DC.
W.fyA. Cissampelos Cocculus. Poiret. Menisper-
muin Cocculus. Lin.
Though Roxburgh has not quoted this very indifferent figure for either, it may
be doubted Avhether his M. Cocculus is more than a younger plant or variety
of his M. heteroclitum ; and Colebrook's description of Anamirta paniculata
(i. e. A. Cocculus of W. & A.), is taken almost verbatim from the description
of the latter in the Flora Indica. See Lin. Trans, xiii. p. 66.
2. Cansjera Rheedii of Gmelin. R.fyS. C. malabarica. Lam.
C. scandens Var. Roxb. Daphne polystachia. Willd.
3. Cocculus acuminatus. W.fyA. C. radiatus. D C. Meni-
spermum radiatum. Lam. M. glabrum of Konig. Per-
soon. Braunea menispermoides. Willd.
Wight and Arnott consider the Tiliacora racemosa of Colebrook to be the same
species, and it appears from his MS. that Dr. Hamilton was disposed to re-
move it from Cocculus with the generical name of Natsiatura.
4. Cansjera scandens. Roxb. C. malabarica Var. Lam. C.
Rheedii Var. R Sf S. Daphne monostachya. Willd.
Tab. 2 is the C. malabarica of Lamarck, and he has called this plant a variety
' racemulis solitariis.'
5. Strychnos minor. Denn.
Quoted by Linnaeus and several other writers for S. Colubrina, but in many re-
spects it answers better to the description of S.potatorum, and Dennstedt's
authority for arranging it as a species otherwise undescribed than by Rheede,
is very doubtful. See note on vol. viii., t. 24.
6. Vitis indica. Lin.
Hamilton considered this, instead of tab. 7, to be the V. latifolia of Roxburgh,
but it is quoted by Roxburgh himself for V. indica, and answers better both
to the description and specimens of the latter.
7. Vitis erioclada. W.fyA.
Misquoted by Roxburgh for his V. latifolia, and by Dennstedt with a query for
Vitis (i. e. Cissus) viliginea of Linnaeus. In the fourth line of Rheede's De-
scription, it is the opinion of Drs. Wight and Arnott that ' viscosus' is a mis-
print for < villosus,' See Prod. Fl, Ind, Orien, f , 130.
32 HORT. MAL. — VOL. VII.
Tab. 8. Vitis muricata of Wall. W. #. A. V. leucostaphyla.
Denn.
Quoted by Roxburgh and De Candolle for Cissus lanceoktria, of wbich V. mu-
ricata is probably nothing more than a variety.
9. Vitis carnosa. W.fy. A. Cissus carnosa. Lam.
10. Vitis pedata. W.fy A. Cissus pedata. Lam.
De Candolle has queried whether this can be C. pedata, on account of Rheede's
description * Flores quinque partiti ;' but in the figure some of the flowers
have four and other five petals, and a similar variation has been observed by
Roxburgh in his C. feminea. Burman has mistaken this figure for the Lin-
nean Sambucus canadensis.
11. Vitis latifolia. Denn. Cissus latifolius. Lam. C. glauca.
Roxb.
Misquoted by Linnseus in the Species Plantarum for C. vitiginea, and by Bur-
man and in the Systema Naturae for C. Sicyoides. By Wight and Arnott it is
quoted with a query for the V.latifolius of Roxburgh ; but Rheede has de-
scribed it ' flores quadripartiti,3 and, though not a good figure, I more incline
to Roxburgh's opinion, that it is his C. glauca.
12. Piper nigrum. Lin. P. aromaticum. Lam.
13. Piper Galtena. Ham. MS.
Quoted with a query by Dennstedt for the Linnean P. Siriboa.
14. Piper longum. Lin.
15. Piper Betle. Lin.
16. Piper malamiri. Lin.
Quoted by Lamarck for his P. plantagineurn, which Poiret has arranged as a
variety of P. amalago, and by Dennstedt for the latter species, though I am
not aware of its growth in the East Indies.
17. Canthium cordatum. Ham. MS.
Misquoted by Linnaeus and others for Pisonia mitia, for P. inermia by Gmelin,
and by Dennstedt for P. aculeatus.
18. Paederia? Valli Kara. D C. Reussia sarmentosa. Denn.
Our knowledge of this plant appears to be wholly derived from the Hortus Mala-
baricus, and as Rheede's figure and description do not well accord, De
Candolle has placed it among the doubtful species.
19. ) Cocculus malabaricus. DC. Menispermum malabaricum.
20. j Lam.
Mr. Colebrook says that this species has remained unexamined since the days
of Rheede, and Dr. Hamilton has suggested that the M. hirsutum of Rox-
burgh (not Willdenow) may be the same, but it does not well accord with
Roxburgh's reference to Plukenet.
21. Cocculus cordifolius. DC. Menispermum cordifolium.
Roxb. M. glabrum. JSurmah.
HORT. MAL. — VOL. VII. 33
Tab. 22. Gnetum scandens. Roxb. G. funiculare. Smith. Thoa
edulis. Willd.
Loureiro has not quoted this figure, but his Abutva indica is the same
species.
23 . Combretum Wightianum . W. fy A .
Misquoted by Dennstedt for Amyris Protium of Willdenow, i. e. Protium Java-
nicutn of Burman and De Candolle.
24. Basella cordifolia. Lam.
Quoted by Linnaeus, Gsertner, and Persoon, for B. rubra, and by Willdenow
both for B. rubra and B. cordifolia, and Roxburgh says that neither of these
are more than cultivated varieties of the Linnean B. alba.
25. Curinila Rheedi. R. fy S. Reinera baypinensis. Denn.
Lamarck, with whom the genus Curinila originated, has derived all his know-
ledge of it from Rheede.
26. Connarus monocarpus of Lin. W. $• A.
Dennstedt considered it to be the C.pinnatus of Cavanilles.
27. Morinda umbellata of Lin. Denn. M. padavara. Jus*.
M. tetrandra. Jack.
De Candolle says that this figure is either M. tetrandra or M.parvifolia, and it
is probable, from the observation of Drs. Wight and Arnott, that they are not
specifically distinct. M. umbellata is rather an uncertain species, of which
there is not any specimen in the Linnean Herbarium, and this figure answers
much better to the description in the Flora Zeylanica than the figure of Rum -
phius, to which Linnaeus, in the Species Pluntarum, has referred.
28. Paratropia venulosa. W. 8f A. Aralia digitata. Roxb. He-
dera terebinthinacea of Vahl. ? R.fy S.
29. Loranthus Loniceroides. Lin. L. coriaceus. Lam.
Elytranthe Loniceroides of G. Don.
Nearly all authors have quoted this for the Linnean L. lonicer aides, but Rheede
has both figured and described it to be polyandrous.
30. Antidesma parasitica. Pothos pentandra. Denn.
I have not met with any other reference to this figure, and Dennstedt's reason
for calling it a Pothos I am unable to discover. Poiret says, ' il est difficile de
rapprocher d'aucune des genres counus, a moins que ne soit des Loranthes
ou du Guis.' I have Professor Don's authority for its being an Antidesma,
and if so, it must be the male plant of a parasitical species, which is not else-
where described.
31. Smilax zeylanica of Lin. Poiret.
Quoted by Burman for his S. indica, which is described ' caule inermi ;' and is
not the S. indica of Duhamel, which Steudel has properly arranged as a va-
riety of S. zeylanica. By Dennstedt it is quoted with a query for the Linuean
S. China.
32. Cynanchum Magale. Ham. MS.
Dennstedt says that it is the Periploca cordata of Lamarck.
£
34 HORT. MAL.— VOL. VII.
Tab. 33. Dioscorea triphylla. Lin.
Quoted by Linnaeus and most other authors for D. triphylla, of which Blume
considered it to be a female plant ; but Dr. Hamilton suspected that it is dis-
tinct, and has proposed D.Mulu for its name.
34. Dioscorea pentaphylla of Lin. Roxb. Planta junior. Blume.
This figure, by most authors, has been quoted jointly with tab. 35 for D. pen-
taphylla; but in Hamilton's MS. it is referred to with llumphius, vol. v. 1. 127,
for a separate species, with the name of D. Dava, and this tab. 127, is the
D. dcemona of Roxburgh. Iii Burman's Index it is also quoted separately for
the ' D. spinosa' of Linnaeus, with a reference both to the Species Plantarum
and the Flora Indica, and there is no such species in either.
35. Dioscorea pentaphylla. Lin.
36. Dioscorea bulbifera. Lin. D. tanrifolia. Salisbury.
By Wight and Arnott this figure is accidentally misquoted instead of vol. v. t. 36,
for Canthium parvijlorum.
37. Dioscorea aculeata. Lin.
38. Dioscorea alata. Lin.
39. Erycibe Rheedii. Blume. Erimitalia Rheedi. JR. # S.
Quoted by Roxburgh for his Erycibe paniculata, but the figure in the ' Plants
of Coromandel' has altogether the appearance of being a separate species.
40. Pothos scandens. Lin.
41. Vitis quadrangularis. W. Sf A. Cissus quadrangularis of
Lin. Lam.
42. Pothos drupacea. Denn.
I have not met with any reference besides Dennstedt's to this figure, and it has
more the habit of an Antidesma, but the flowers are tetrandrous.
43. Syama lata. Sir W. Jones.
This plant of Rheede's in the Asiatic Researches has been described by Sir W,
Jones with the name of Syama, and the above trivial name has been added in
his copy of the Hortus Malabaricus at the Athenaeum. By Jussieu it is
quoted for his Pupalia lappacea, from a suppssition that it is the Achyranthes
lappacea; but for that species all other authors have followed Linnaeus in
quoting vol. x. tab. 59, which is the Desmocheeta atro-purpurea of De Candolle.
See Anals of Botany, vol. ii. p. 275.
44. Cassytha zeylanica of Gaert. C. filiformis. N. Esen.
Quoted by Linnaeus and most other writers for C. filiformis, and under that
name Linnaeus has confounded two species, the one a native of the East and
the other of the West Indies. By Gaertner the name of filiformis has been re-
tained for the latter, and zeylanica given to the present species; but by Nees
Von Esenbeck (in Wallich, vol. ii. p. 69), it is retained for the former, and
the latter is called C. americana.
45. Vitis Rheedii. W. Sf A. Cissus trilobata. Lam.
Misquoted by Burman for the Linnean Vilis Irifolia, which is more likely to be
the preceding tab. 9. -
HORT. MAL. — VOL. VII. 35
Tab. 46. Artabotrys odoratissimus of Brown Blame. Unona un-
cinata. Lam.
This does not appear among the numerous synonyms which are given of A. odo-
ratissimus in the Botanical Register, tab. 423 ; and, from Rheede's never
having seen the fructification, it must be taken as a rather doubtful figure.
47. Ancistrocladus Heyneanus of Wallich ? W. fy A.
Rheede has not at all noticed the fructification which must render this an uncer-
tain figure.
48. Vitis repens. W. fy A. Cissus repens. Lam. Ingeuhoussia
umbellata. Denn.
Quoted by Roxburgh jointly with Rumphius, vol. v. tab. 164, fig. 1, for Cissus
cordatus, and his description does not well accord with either of these
figures.
49. Clypea Burmanni. W. fy A. Cissampelos hex and ra. Roxb.
Menispermum peltatum. Lam.
This is undoubtedly the Stnilax foliis peltatit of the Thesaurus Zeylancus, for
which Burman has erroneously quoted the preceding tab. 37, and it is the
Dioscorea foliis peltatis of the Flora Zeylanica, but Linnaeus has not noticed
the species in either of his other works.
50. Ipomaea Batatas. Poiret. Convolvulus Batatus. Lin.
Batatus edulis. G. Don.
Burman, in the Flora Indica, has quoted this figure both for C. Batatas and for
his Dioscorea cylindrica, and it is quoted with a query by Loureiro for Dios-
corea eburnea.
51. ) Dioscorea hirsuta, in florescentia monstruosa. Blume. Dios-
52. ) corea hispid a. Denn.
As Rheede has not noticed the fruit, Lamarck suggested that it may belong to
Trichosanthes, and Dr. Hamilton queried whether it may not be a species of
Smilax, for which he proposed the name of S. narcotica.
53. Flagellaria indica. Lin.
54. Delima? Piripu. D d.
Generally quoted either as a Delima or Tetracera for the Linnean D. sarmentosa,
but has been separated by De Candolle ; and all his knowledge of this pen-
tandrous species appears to have been derived from Rheede.
55. Agaiosma caryophyllata. G. Don. Echites caryophyllata.
Blame. Camettia crassa. Ham. MS.
Quoted in the Botanical Magazine, tab. 1919, and by Romer and Schultes
for the E. caryophyllata of Roxburgh, for which Roxburgh has referred to
Rheede's vol. ix. tab. 14, and Dennstedt has strangely queried whether it is
not the Jasminum pubescens of Willdenow. The difference between this plant
and an Echites was first pointed out by Mr. Brown, in the Transactions of
the Wernerian Society, vol. i. p. 60.
56. Boerhavia procumbens. Roxb.
Quoted by Linnaeus for B. di/usa, and by Burman for the Linnean B. erecta,
nor, from Roxburgh's observations, is it probable that either of them is more
than a variety of B. procwnbcns. Vahl, however, who makes the Linuean
36 HORT. MAL. — VOL. VII.
B.di/usa and B. erect a to be different species, has given the name of B. gluti-
nosa to Burman's B. erecta, and as a note on the latter says, ' Talu Dama,
Hort. Mai. vii. tab. 56, minima; hunc pertinet.'
Tab. 57. Gloriosa superba. Lin.
58. Cyanotis cristata of D. Don. Tradescantia cristata of Lin.
Blume. Tradescantia imbricata. Roxb.
Burman has quoted this figure for a variety of Commelina cristata, of the Species
Plantarum, which is Tradescantia cristata of the Systema Nature.
59. Nageia Putranjiva. Roxb.
HORTUS MALABARICUS.
VOL. VIII.
Tab. 1. Lagenaria vulgaris of D C. W fy A. Cucurbita Lagenaria
of Lin. Roxb.
Poiret has quoted this figure for a variety of C. Lagenaria, which is cultivated in
the Isle of France, and Roxburgh says, ' The shape of the fruit varies much,
from that of a flask to round and cylindric.'
2. Cucurbita maxima. W.fy A. C. melopepo. Roxb. (not Lin.)
This plant of Rheede's, as remarked both by Commeline and Plukenet, is the
Cucurbita asperifoKa non fisso of Bauhin' a Historia (i. e., C. maxima of
Duchesne), and for C. Melopepo Linnaeus has quoted the C. clypeiforntis sive
Siciliana of Bauhin, which is quite a different species.
3. Benincasa cerifera. DC. Cucurbita Pepo. Roxb. (not Lin.)
C. Camolenga. Ham. MS.
Roxburgh mistook this plant for the Linnean C. Pepo; and, according to
Plukenet, it is the Pepo oblongus of Bauhin, which Linnaeus has quoted for a
variety of that species.
' > Lagenaria vulgaris — Varieties. W. 8f A.
These figures are quoted with queries by Dennstedt for the Linnean Cttcumis
Dudaim and Cucurbita ovifera; and in Sir W. Jones's copy at the Athenaeum,
tab. iv. is marked C. colycinthus. By Lamarck they were both considered to
be unknown species of Cucumis. See the foregoing note on tab. i.
6. Cucumis sativus of Lin. Roxb.
Lamarck was probably misled by a remark of Commeline 's, to consider this
(as well as tab. 4 and 5) to be an unknown species of Cucumis.
7. Luffa acutangula. Roxb. L. foetida. Willd. Cucumis
acutangulus of Lin. Burman.
This figure is quoted by several authors for L. foetida, which, though retained as
a separate species by De Candolle, appears to me to be nothing more at most
than a variety of L. acutangula, and there is much less difference between them
than may be expected to occur in a plant so very generally cultivated in India.
8. Luffa Cattu-picinna. D C. L. pentandra. Roxb.
Quoted with a query by Dennstedt for Momordica Luffa, and Linnaeus appears
to have confounded more than one species under that name. It is quoted for
his L. pentandra by Roxburgh, who says that he only found it in a cultivated
state, and it may be queried whether L, pentandra of Don's Dictionary is the
•ame species.
38 HORT. MAL. — VOL, VIII.
Tab. 9. Momordica Charantia. Lin.
10. Momordica Charantia Var. Lin. M. muricata. Willd.
Wight and Arnott say that there are innumerable intermediate gradations be-
tween M. Charantia and M. muricata ; and such varieties may be expected in
a species which is said by Roxburgh to be cultivated in all the warmer parts
of Asia. Mr. G. Don has separated the M. muricata of Willdenow and of
Roxburgh, though both these authors have quoted this figure, and has given
the name of M. Roxburghiana to the latter, but they appear to me to be
nothing more than different varieties of M. Charantia.
11. Momordica monadelpha of Roxb. Ham. MS. Variety?
Misquoted by Dennstedt for M. dioica of Roxburgh ; and it appears to me
that Dr. Hamilton has erred in considering it to be the M. monadelpha of Rox-
burgh (i. e., Coccinea indica, see tab. 14) ; nor can I find any other species
that answers at all correctly to this figure and description of Rheede's.
12. Momordica dioica of Roxb. female. W. fy A. M. hispida.
Denn. M. Pavelia. Ham. MS.
13. Bryonia scabrella of Lin. Sup. Plant. Var. W.fyA.
This plate is marked Bryonia scabrella in Sir W. Jones's copy at the Athenaeum.
14. Coccinea indica. W. <Sf A. Bryonia grandis of Lin, Var.
Lam. Momordica Covel. Denn.
15. Trichosanthes cucumerina. Lin.
16. Trichosanthes cuspidata. Lam. T. caudata. Willd.
The descriptions of T. cuspidata and T. caudata appear all to have been derived
from Rheede ; and Wight and Arnott have suggested that the figure may have
been taken from a young plant of T. nervifolia.
17. Trichosanthes nervifolia. Lin.
18. Momordica dioica. Roxb. male. W. Sf A. M. tuberosa.
Denn.
19. Bryonia laciniosa. Lin.
Linnaeus, in the Species Plantarum, has quoted this figure for B. laciniosa, and
he probably did not intend to include Rheede's with the other synonyms which
are cancelled in the Mantissa. Roxburgh is, however, the only modern au-
thority for this reference.
20 7
* > Modecca palmata. Lam. M. tuberosa. Roxb.
Tab. 20 is erroneously quoted for a variety of the Linnean Convolvulus paniculatus
by Burman and others, and by Romer and Schultes for a variety of Ipomea
paniculata.
22. Modecca palmata. Var. Motta. D C.
23. Modecca palmata, plan ta junior. W.fyA. M. integrifolia.
Lam. M. acuminata? Blume.
Roxburgh says that the leaves of young plants of his M. tuberosa are simply
eordate, and afterwards become palmate, with from three to five lobes. Sir
HORT. MAL. — VOL. VIII. 39
J. E. Smith objected to Modecca as 'a barbarous name,' and proposed'
Blepharanthes in its stead, ' to preserve an analogy with Trichosanthes.' This
figure is erroneously quoted by Dennstedt for the Convolvulus yemellus of Vahl.
Tab. 24. Strychnos colubrina of Lin. Burman.
For 8. colubrina Linnaeus has quoted Rheede's name for this plant, and has
coupled it with ' vol. vii. tab. 5,' which error has led to much confusion in
the Synonomy.
25. Aristolochia indica. Lin.
26. Bryonia umbellata. Willd. B. Rheedii. Blume. Momor-
dica umbellata of Roxb.
Quoted for B. umbellata with a query by Willdenow and others, and as observed
by Poiret, ' les Pedoncles ne sout point en ombelle ;' but Rheede has figured
a female plant, and Roxburgh says that males only have the flowers umbellate.
27. Merremia convolvulacea. Denn.
Quoted with some doubt by Dr. Hamilton for his Convolvulus herederifolius,
which may probably be the Evolvulus hederaceus of Burman, and C. jlavus of
Willdenow, but Rheede's plant has tendrils, and in other points differs.
28. Cardiospermum Halicacabum of Lin. Burman.
By Lamarck it is quoted for a variety of C. Halicacabum.
29.1 ,
30. v Bauhinia scandens. Lin. B. anguina. Roxb.
31.)
Linnaeus has only quoted tab. 29, which has the appearance of a seedling, for
B. scandens ; whereas it is plain, from the remainder of his quotation, that the
Naga mu valli, tab. 30, was intended, and this error may probably have led
Roxburgh to give the name of B. scandens to the Folium lingua of Rumphius,
which is the B. lingua of De Candolle. Tab. 29 is strangely quoted by Denn-
stedt for the Linnean B. divaricata.
*}O ^
JJg" I Entada PursaBtha. D C. Mimosa scandens. Roxb. (not Lin.)
" £ Acacia scandens. Denn.
These figures, though quoted by Linnaeus for his Mimosa scandens, belong to
his M. Entada, and the Linnean M. scandens is the Gigalobium scandens of
Browne's Jamaica, and the error originated in Browne's reference to these
figures for that species.
35. Mucuna prurita. Hooker. M. pruriens. DC. Carpopogon
pruriens. Roxb. Carcara pruritus. Rumphius.
Although Linnaeus has quoted this figure, his Dulichos pruriens is founded on
an American plant of Jacquin's ; and Sir W. Hooker, in the Botanical Mis-
cellany, vol. ii. p. 350, has shewn good grounds for believing that this East
Indian plant is more than a variety. In the Almagestum, Plukenet has
placed them separate, with the names of Phaseolus americanus, and Phaseolus
orientalis.
36. Mucuna gigantea. D C. Carpopogon giganteum. Roxb,
Dolichos giganteus. Willd.
Misquoted by Linnaeus for D.wens, and also for D. altissimus; both of which
are natives of America, and belong to Mucuna.
40 HORT. MAL. — VOL. VIII.
Tab. 37. Phaseolus trinervius. W*$ A.
Quoted by Dennstedt with a query for Dolichos pilosus of Willdenow.
38. Clitoria Ternatea. Lin. C. Ternatea Var. Lam. Ternatea
indica. St. Hilaire.
This is the variety 'foliolis obtusioribus, (lore albido' of Lamarck, and the
blue flowered variety is figured in Rumphius, vol. v. tab. 31.
39. Abrus precatorius. Lin. Syst. Nat. Glycine Abrus.
Lin. Sp. Plant.
40. Hedysarum? horridum. Ham. MS. Amerimnum horridum.
Denn.
41. Dolichos Sinensis Var.? W.fyA. D. Catjang. Roxb. (not Lin.)
For D. Catjang Burman has quoted Rumphius v. tab. 139, of which the
Amboyna name is Catjang, as well as the present figure of Rheede's, and
Linnaeus has adopted Burman's species almost verbatim in his Mantissa.
The specific name belongs therefore to the Amboyna plant, and D. Catjang
of the Hortus Kewensis and of Roxburgh's Flora Indica (in both of which
works the reference to Rumphius is omitted) may probably be a variety of
the Linnean D. sinensis, as we are informed by Roxburgh that Konig con-
sidered it to be.
42. Phaseolus rostratus. Wallich. P. alatus. Roxb. (not Lin.)
This figure approaches very near the figure and description in the Hortus
Elthamensis, from which Linnaeus most probably derived his knowledge of
the P. alatus ; but Dr. Wallich thinks that P. rostratus is sufficiently distin-
guished by the less spreading alse and curved pods. It is quoted with a query
by Dennstedt for the Linnean P.farinosus.
43. Canavalia obtusifolia. D C. Dolichos obtusifolius. Lam.
D. rotundifolius. Vahl.
44. Canavalia gladiata. W.fyA. Dolichos gladiatus. Willd.
Several authors have followed Linnseus in quoting this figure for Dolichos ensi-
formis, a name which he derived from Sloane's description of a West Indian
species, and if the oriental plant is more than a variety, the name of ensiformis
belongs to the former.
45. Canavalia virosa. W. 8f A. C. gladiata Var. DC. Dolichos
virosus. Roxb.
Misquoted by Dennstedt for Dolichos cultratus of Thunberg.
46. Pongamia uliginosa of DC. W.fyA. Dalbergia hetero-
phylla of Willd. Denn.
47.)
48. > Zanonia indica. Lin.
49.)
50. Phaseolus Mungo of Lin. W.fyA. P.Max. Roxb. (not Lin.)
Dolichos pubescens of Willd. ? Denn.
Quoted by Roxburgh for the Linnean P. Max, but it answers better to the de-
scription of P. Mungo, in the Mantissa
51. Dioscorea sativa. Lin,
HORTUS MALABARICUS.
VOL. IX.
' > Nerium odorum. Lin. N. odoratum. Lam.
3. ) Wrightia coalita. Ham. MS. W. tomentosa. G. Don.
4. 3 Nerium toraentosum. JRoxb. Periploca arborea. Denn.
Wrightia tomentosa of Roemer and Schultes is a different species.
5. } Echites macrophylla. Roxb. Chonemorpha macrophylla of
6.) G.Don.
Dennsteddt has queried whether it may not be the Linnean Pergularia tomentosa.
7. HolostemmaAdakodien. R. Brown. H. Rheedii. Wallich.
Asclepias annularia. Roxb.
Mistaken by Dennstedt for the Periploca tunicata of Willdenow. In the figure
the leaves are misrepresented as alternate, but Rheede has described them
' bina et bina.'
8. Marsdenia tinctoria of R. Brown. ?
Dr. Hamilton in his MS. has mentioned its affinity with Asclepias tinctoria, or
A.tingens of Roxburgh, and if not the former, it is probably an undescribed
species of Marsdenia. It is quoted with a query by Dennstedt for the Echites
tomentosa of Vahl.
9. Cudicia gyrandra. Ham. MS. Periploca albo-flavescens.
Denn.
10. Cudicia trichotoma. Ham. MS.
Misquoted by Dennstedt for Periploca cordata of Lamarck. In Don's Dictionary
Cudicia trichotoma of Hamilton is said to be the Parsonsia ovata of Wallich,
but this figure is not referred to.
11. Cryptolepis Buchanani of R. & S. Wight. Periploca dubia.
Burman. Nerium reticulatum. Roxb.
It is quoted by Poiret for his Periploca mauritiano, which is a very uncertain
species.
12. Echites malabarica. Lam. E. palvalli, Venn. Chone-
morpha ? malabarica. <?, Don.
F
42 HORT. MAL.— VOL. IX.
*
Tab. 13. Hoya pendula. Wight. Asclepias pendula. Roxb.
Misquoted by Jacquin and most other authors for Asclepias akxiaca, and in
Rees's Cyclopaedia for A . volubilis.
14. Aganosma Roxburghii. G.Don. Echites caryophyllata.
Roxb.
Misquoted by Forster, Willdenow, Persoon, and others, for Echites co&tata, i. e.
Alstonia costata of Brown. See note in vol. vii. tab. 55.
15. Hoya viridiflora. R. Brown. Apocynum tiliaefolium. Lam.
Asclepias volubilis (of Lin. Sup.) Roxb.
Misquoted by Dennstedt for the Linnean Cynanchum capense, and by Mr. G. Don
the H. viridiflora and A. tiliazfolium are arranged as separate species, with a
reference to this figure for both.
16. Ceropegia Candelabrum. Lin.
All our knowledge of C. Candelabrum appears to have been wholly derived from
this figure, and it may probably be nothing more than an unusually luxuriant
plant, or variety of the species which Roxburgh in his Plants of Coromandel
has figured with the name of C. tuberosa.
17. Asclepias tetrapetala Denn.
Quoted by Roxburgh for his Asclepias microphylla, i. e. Pentatropis microphylla
of Wight, but Rheede has figured and described the flowers to be tetrape-
talous.
IB. vEschynomene indica. Lin. Hedysarum Neli-tali. Roxb.
19. Biophytum sensitivum. D C. Oxalis sensitiva. Lin.
Roxburgh says that this is a young plant, and that Rumphius, vol. v. tab. 104,
f. 2, represents an old one.
20. Desmanthus natans. Willd. Mimosa natans of Vahl. Roxb.
M. prostrata Var. Lam. M. humifusa. Konig's MS.
Misquoted by Linnseus for JEschynomene pumila, and it is quoted by Willdenow
both for Desmanthus natans and for D. virgata. It is also misquoted by
Linnseus in the Mantissa for Mimosa virgata, by Gaertner for Acacia virgata,
and by Gmelin for JEschynomene herbacea. The Mimosa natans of Linnaeus
(Sup. Plant.) is different, and is the D. triquetrus of Willdenow.
21. Cassia Klenii. W. fy A.
Linnaeus has quoted the foregoing ' Niti-Todda-vaddi, tab. 20,' but 'this figure
has been generally referred to in its stead for the dEschynomene pumila, and
neither the one nor the other accords at all well with his description.
22. Tephrosia? Rheedii. DC.
Mistaken by Dennstedt for the ^Eschynomene sensitiva of Swartz, and I appre-
hend that all De Candolle's knowledge of the species has been derived from
Rheede.
23. Polanisia viscosa. D C. Cleome viscosa. Lin.
Quoted by Wight and Arnott for Polanisia felina, i. e., Cleome felina of the Sup-
plementum Plantarum, and by Linnaeus, and I believe every other author, for
C. viscosa. Except that Rheede has not mentioned the viscidity, it answers
to Martyn's plant, which Linnseus, both in the Flora Zeylanica and the Species
HORT. MAL. — VOL. IX. 43
Plantarum, has quoted, and its flowers are yellow, while those of C.felitta are
red, and it moreover wants the singular roughness of the leaves resembling a
cat's tongue, from which the name of the latter species is taken.
Tab. 24. Gynandropsis pentaphylla of D C. Cleome pentaphylla.
Lin.
Whether Linnaeus has not erred in quoting Sloane's plant as synonymous with
Rheede's may be doubted, and the West Indian specimens which I have seen
differ in having the leaves much longer in proportion to the breadth, and their
edges more or less serrated.
25. Crotalaria retusa. Lin.
26. Crotalaria tridentata. Rees's Cyc. C. juncea. Lam. (not
Lin.) C. sericea? W.fyA.
Linnaeus, for C. juncea, has quoted the present plant of Rheede's, and also
another of Plukenet's, to which the description much better applies. By La-
marck and Persoon the name of C. juncea is however retained for Rheede's
plant, and Lamarck has given the name of C. Bengalensis to Plukenet's,
whereas in Rees's Cyclopedia the former is named C. tridentata, and C. juncea
is assigned to the latter.
27. Crotalaria Laburnifolia. Lin.
28. Crotalaria quinquefolia. Lin.
29. Crotalaria verrucosa. Lin. C. angulosa. Lam.
30. Indigofera hirsuta. Lin.
31. Gratiola verbenaefolia. Ham. MS.
Linnaeus and most other authors have quoted this figure with a query for Im-
patiens oppositifolia ; and, in the opinion of Wight and Arnott, it 'belongs to
Scrophularineae, and is, perhaps, a species of Bonnaya.'
32. Alysicarpus bupleurifolius of DC. Hedysarum bupleuri-
folium of Lin. Indigofera simplicifolia. Dcnn.
Plukenet has noticed its affinity with his Scorpioides maderaspaiana, which is the
Hedysarum bnpleurifoltitm of Linnaeus ; and this figure has not been at all
noticed by any other author, except that it has been made into a species of
Indigofera by Dennstedt.
33. Catharanthus pusillus. G. Don. Vinca pusilla. Lin. Sup.
Vinca parviflora. Retz.
Cleome monophylla. Lin.
Capsicum annuum. Lin.
Misquoted by Burman for C.frutescens of Linnaeus.
36.
For Indigofera glabra several authors have followed Linnaeus in quoting the
'Nir Pulli, vol. ix. t. 67,' by which the present fignre is obviously intended,
but Linnaeus has also quoted a plant of Plukenet's, with which his specific cha-
racter far better accords. By Lamarck it is quoted for I. Hedysaroides,
which Wight and Arnott considered to be a variety of /. trita, and they have
queried whether this plant of Rheede's may not be their /. pedicillata, but it
does not correctly answer to cither.
44 HORT. MAL. — VOL. IX.
Tab. 37. Indigofera Aspalathoides of Vahl. D C. I. aspalathifolia.
Roxb. Aspalathus indicus. Lin.
Roxburgh has quoted this figure both for I. aspalathifolia and for 7. unifiora.
38. Smithia sensitiva of Salisbury. W. fy A.
Misquoted by Burman for his Aspalathus persica, i. e., Lotus Garcini of
De Candolle.
39. Dentella repens of Forster. W. fy A. Heymia rigida. Denn.
It is the same as Rumphius's vol. v., tab. 170, fig. 4, which Linnaeus has quoted
for his Oldmlandia repens.
40. Melilotus indica Var. Desr. Trifolium indicum. Roxb.
It is T. indicum Var. B. of Linnaeus, and is at least very nearly allied to
M. leucantha of De Candolle.
41. Barleria Prionitis. Lin.
42. Justicia Gendarussa. Burman. Gendarussa vulgaris.
N. Esen.
43.
Most authors have followed the Species Plantarum in quoting this for Justicia
bivalvis or Dicliptera bivalvis, but Linnaeus has himself remarked ' Rheedi
Planta foliis serratis et flore albo diftert,' nor have I found any other species
that answers better to Rheede's description.
44. Justicia latifolia ? Vahl. J. atropurpurea. Denn.
Vahl of his'/, latifolia says, ' Accedit ad Katu Karivi Hort. Mai. vol ix., p. 83,
tab. 44, differe tantum videtur quod flores in mea minores,' and Willdenow
has omitted the reference.
45. Ruellia Zeylanica. Roxb.
Dennstedt considers it to be the R. intrusa of Vahl, and in Burman's Index it is
called R. Digitalis, with a reference to the Digitalis Zeylanica of his Thesaurus;
but Burman's description, with regard to the leaves, answers better to the
R. anisophylla of Hooker's Exotic Botany.
46. Justicia Echioides. Lin. Andrographis Echioides Var.
IV. Esen.
47. Balsamina fasciculata. DC. Irapatiens fasciculata. Lam.
Erroneously quoted by Burman in his Index for the Linnean /. triflora.
48. Balsamina latifolia. D C.v Impatiens latifolia. Lin.
49. Balsamina Tilo. D C. Impatiens Rheedei. W.$A. Im-
patiens fasiculata Var. Lam.
50. Balsamina minor. D C.
This may probably be the /. rufescens of Wight and Arnott.
51. Balsamina minor Var. DC. Impatiens Kleinii. W. fy A.
Lamarck has quoted this and the preceding tab. 50 for a variety of his
I. fasciculata.
HORT. MAL. — VOL. IX. 45
Tab. 52. Balsamina hortensis. St. Hil. Impatiens Balsamina.
Lin.
Roxburgh, though he has quoted this figure for I. Balsamina, sajs that it as
much resembles his /. tripetala.
53. Torenia hians of Roxb. T. Roxburghii. Ham. MS.
Quoted by Linnaeus, Burman, Willdenow, Smith, and most other authors for
T. asiatica, which is a Chinese plant, first gathered by Osbeck in rice fields
near Canton, and is described with oval emarginated leaves, on very short
footstalks, whereas in this plant they have long footstalks, and are cordate
and hairy.
54. Sesamum orientale. Lin.
55. Sesamum orientale Var. Roxb. S. indicum of Lin.
Quoted in Burman's Index by the name of S. malabaricum, with an erroneous
reference to the Flora Indica.
56. Justicia paniculata. Burman. Andrographis paniculata.
N. £sen.
In the Fantissa (p. 317), this is said to be /. gangetica, which Linnaeus has
described with ovate leaves, and it is quoted by the younger Linnaeus for
Dianthera malabarica, i. e., Peristrophe bicalyculata of Nees Von Esenbeck.
57. Bonnaya integrifolia. Gratiolia integrifolia. Roxb.
Quoted in the Mantissa for G. rotundifolia (i.e., Bonnaya rotundifolia of Bentham)
of which it is probably nothing more than a variety, and Linnaeus has de-
scribed the leaves of that species ' serratura una alterave obsoleta.'
58. Vandellia Crustacea of Bentham. G. Don. Gratiola lucida
of Willd. Capraria Crustacea of Lin. Mant.
By Burman it is misquoted for the Linnean Ruellia antipoda.
59. Bonnaya brachiata of Bentham. G. Don. Gratiola serrata.
Roxb.
Quoted by Linnaeus for his Ruellia antipoda, which is a very uncertain species,
and erroneously by Burman for his R. alternata, and by Willdenow and others
for Gratiola veronicifolia.
60. lonidium enneaspermum. Vent. Viola enneasperma. Lin.
Quoted for the Viola enneasperma by Linnaeus, and by all other authors except
Wight and Arnott, who consider it to be the Linnean V. su/ruticosa, which
may probably be nothing more than a variety, and in the late General Hard-
wick's copy, the following remark is written on this plate, ' Planta plerumque
procumbens, in montosis tamen saepe erecta est.' There is not any specimen
of V. suffruticosa in the Linnean Herbarium.
61. Polygala arvensis Var. W. Sf A.
Misquoted by De Candolle for lonidium leptorhiznm, and it appears from his
description to belong to Polygala Vahliana rather than the P. arvensis of De
Candolle. By Burman it is misquoted for a variety of his Ruellia erecta.
62. Crossandra infundibuliformis. N. Esen. Ruellia infundi-
buliformis, Roxb. Justicia infundibuliformis. Liu.
46 HORT. MAL. — VOL. IX.
Tab. 63. Aneilema nudicaulis. R. Brown. Tradescantiamalabarica.
Lin. Coramelina nudicaulis of Burman.
Quoted by Burman both for T. malabaric.fi, and erroneously for the Linnean
C. nudiflora, instead of his own C. nudicaulis. It is quoted in the Hortus
Britannicus for C. nudicaulis, and again for T. malabarica, and errroneously by
Roxburgh for C. nudiflora. Rheede appears to have confounded the nectaries
with the filaments, and has described this species to be pentandrous ; and vol. x.
tab. 19, to which it is very neary allied, is described with six stamens.
64.
Quoted by Linnaeus, Burman, Willdenow, Aiton, Roxburgh, and most other
authors for Ruellia ringens (i. e., Hygrophila ringens of Brown), but Roxburgh
says that « the divisions of the border of the corol are too long and too sharp,'
and Mr. Brown has pronounced it to be altogether a different plant, nor have
I met with any other reference to this figure.
65. Sonerila maculata. Roxb. Cassebeeria maculata. Denn.
Arranged separately from S. maculata by Wight and Arnott with the name of
S, Rheedii.
66. Buchnera-asiatica of Lin. Roxb.
If intended for B. asiatica, this figure is far from correct, and by Dennstedt it is
quoted with a query for the Lobelia pubescens of Aiton.
67. Polygala crotalarioides of DC. ?
In Dr. Hamilton's MS. it is suggested that this may be Polygala telephoides of
Willdenow, but it answers better in the opinion both of Mr. Don and myself
to a specimen which in Roxburgh's Herbarium has been marked P. crota-
larioides. By an obviously typographical error, Willdenow has quoted tab. 67
instead of tab. 36, for Indigofera gldbra, and so Dennstedt has given that name
to this plate.
68. Centranthera hispida.? Wallich. Capraria rigida.
Ham. MS. Purshia ciliata. Denn.
Quoted by Roxburgh for his Torenia cordifolta, and is more likely to be a va-
riety of his Digitalis stricta, i. e. Centranthera hitpida of Wallich, but does not
well accord with either. The genus Purshia of Dennstedt and of all other
authors must be very different.
69. Justicia nasuta. Lin. Rhinacanthus communis. N. Esen.
70. Utricularia reticulata. Smith.
Misquoted for U.ceerulea by Linnaeus and most other authors.
71. Xyris indica. Lin.
72. Gomphrena hispida. Lin.
73. Riedleia corchori folia. W. fy A. Melochia corchorifolia.
Lin.
As remarked by Dr. Roxburgh it is far from a good figure.
74. Coleus aromaticus of Bentham.
Rheede has not noticed either the flower or the fruit, but Rumphius considered
it to be the same as his vol. v. t. 102, f. 2, which is Coleus aromaticus.
HORT. MAL. — VOL. IX. 47
Tab. 75.
Rheede says ' Floras nulli sunt,' and equally with tab. 74 it may probably belong
to the Ocymoideae.
76. Spermacoce scabra. Willd.
Willdenow doubted whether Rheede may not have figured S. scabra, and by
mistake have described a plant of S. hispida; and Wight and Arnott have ad-
duced sufficient evidence to prove that the former is only a variety of the latter.
Linnaeus has suggested that it may be S. hispida, and it is generally quoted
for S. scabra by other authors ; but Dr. Hamilton, without sufficient grounds,
has queried whether the figure is not more like Hydropliylax maritima.
77. Entada pursaetha, planta junior. W.fyA. En tad a mono-
stachya. D C. Mimosa Entada. Lin. M. scandens.
Roxb. »
By Lamarck it is quoted for a variety of the Linnean E.polystachia, which is a
native of America , and it is nothing more than a young plant of the species
figured in vol. viii. tab. 32, 33, and 34, although it has been arranged se-
parately with the name of E. monostachya by De Candolle.
78. Bergia verticillata. Willd. B. capensis of Lin. Mant. Poiret.
B. aquatica. Roxb. Elatine verticillata. W.fyA. Sper-
gulaindica. Konig'sMS. Tarania verticillata. Ham.MS.
Roxburgh, in the Plants of Coromandel, has referred to this figure for Bergia
aquatica, and in the Flora Indica both for B. verticillata, and erroneously for
Caprariagratissima; for the latter species, under the name of Limnophila Rox-
buryhii, it is also quoted by Mr. G. Don. Linnaeus appears to have mistaken
the habitat, and to have misnamed this species B. capensis.
79. Tamara haemisphaerica. Ham. MS.
Quoted with a query by Dennstedt for the Linnean Achyranthes prostrata, and
Commeline more correctly says of it ' Planta sui generis est, sine conspecie.'
80. Rhynchoglossum obliquum. Blume. Loxotis obliqua of
Bentham. ?
Mr. Don shewed me a specimen at the Linnean Society which much resembled
this figure, and which perhaps erroneously was marked ' Wulfenia notoniana
ofWallich.
81. Rotala verticillaris. Lin.
Originating probably from a note in the Hortus Cliffortianus, this figure has
been inadvertently quoted in the Encyclopedie Methodique for Anthospermum
JEthiopicum.
82. Zornia diphylla. Persoon. Z. angustifolia. Smith. Hedy-
sarum diphyllum. Lin.
83. Zornia zeylonensis of Persoon. W. fy A. Z. conjugata.
Smith.
84. Ammannia prostrata. Ham. MS.
Dr. Hamilton has suggested that it may possibly be a variety of the A. v«rti-
c.illata of Lamarck, or the A. baccifera of Linnaeus, but it does not well accord
with Lamarck's figure, nor at all with the reference to Plukenet iu the Specie^
Plantarum.
48 HORT. MAX.-— VOL. IX.
Tab. 85. Linmophila Chamaedrifolia. O. Don. Gratiola Chamaedri-
folia. Lam. G. trifida Var. Vahl. Ambuliapaniculata.
Ham. MS.
Misquoted by Linnaeus and Burman for Gratiola virgineana, by Willdenow for
G. trifida, and by Roxburgh, jointly with vol. xii. t. 36, for his Columnea
balsamica.
86. Begonia malabarica. Lam.
Rheede has described the female flower with only three petals, and Linnseus, in
the Mantissa, has noticed this singularity ; and Dryander has suggested that
it may be an accidental deformity. The B. malabarica of Roxburgh, for which
he has quoted this figure, has four petals in both the sexes.
87. Artanema Sesamoides. Bentham. Achimenes Sesamoides.
Vahl. Diceros longifolius. Persoon. Columnea longi-
folia. Lin. Sesamum Jayanicum. Burman.
HORTUS MALABARICUS.
VOL. X.
Tab. 1. Hibiscus hirtus of Lin. Poiret. H. phoeniceus. Roxb. (not
Lin.) H. rosa malabaricus. Bot. Reg.
Linnaeus has introduced much confusion in the Synonomy by quoting this
figure for Pentapetes phoenicea instead of Hibiscus hirtus, and it is encreased
in the Supplementum Plantarum, where the American H. phceniceus of Jacquin
is confounded with H. hirtus. The H. phceniceus of Roxburgh, for which he
has quoted the present figures, is H. hirtus; and by Wight and Arnott it is
inadvertently quoted both for H. hirtus and for Pentapetes phoenicea.
2. Urena sinuata. Lin.
Quoted by Burman for the Linnean U. lobata.
3. Loranthus elasticus. Lam. Scurrula elastica. G. Don.
4. Loranthus longifloru&. Lam. Scurrula Ion giflora. G.Don.
Roxburgh has not quoted this figure, but it is his L. bicolor.
5. Loranthus Kanneli. W.fyA.
Wight and Arnott have confirmed the suggestion of Schultes that it is distinct
from L.ylobosus (i. e. Elytrant he globosa of G. Don), for which it has been
quoted by Roxburgh and De Candolle, and all our knowledge of the species
is derived from Rheede ; by Dennstedt it is misquoted for the L. Buddleioides
of Lamarck.
6. Limnophila gratissima. Blume. ? Ambulia aromatica. Lam.
Gmelin has not quoted the Hortus Malabaricus, but his Ambulia monosperma, as
well as Lamarck's A. aromatica, appear to have been derived from this figure,
and though Manya~nari is Rheede 's name, yet in his Description he says that
the plant is called Ambuli by the Bramins.
7. Elephantopus scaber. Lin.
It is sufficiently shewn by the first two lines of Rheede's Description, that this
plant is the type of the genus Elephantopus, and it has been generally referred
to by other authors as well as Linnaeus for E. scaber; but, from his other
Synonyms and description in the Hortus Cliflbrtianus, it is probable that the
plant which he described may have been the E, carolinianus, or some other
American species.
8. Plumbago zeylanica. Lin.
60 HORT. MAL VOL. X.
Tab. 9. Plumbago rosea. Lin.
10. Asparagus racemosus of Willd. Ham. MS.
Linnaeus, Willdenow, and most other authors, have quoted this figure for
A . sarmentosus, but that species is described ' foliis solitaries/ whereas Rheede
has described the leaves ' bina, terna, quaterna congregatim,' and though
he has not quoted Rheede, it is certainly the A . racemosus of Roxburgh.
11. Alternanthera sessilis. R. Brown. Achyranthes triandra.
Roxb. lllecebrum sessile. Lin.
12. Leersia aristata. Roxb.
13. Cyanotis axillaris. D. Don. Commelina axillaris.
Lin. Sp. PI. Tradescantia axillaris of Lin. Mant.
14. Herpestis monnieri of Bentham. G.Don. Bramia indica.
Lam. Capraria Bramia. Ham. MS.
15. Phyllanthus Niruri. Lin.
-» 16. Phyllanthus Urinaria. Lin.
Poiret, without sufficient grounds, doubted whether this is P, Urinaria, or more
than a variety of P. Niruri.
17. Blumea anagallidifolia of D C.
'Quoted with a query by Dennstedt for Conyza patula of Aiton, and De Candolle
suggests that B. anagallidifolia may be the C. scabra of Linnseus's Mantissa.
Dr. Wight, for B. anagallidifolia, has referred to the following tab. 18, and his
reference to Plukenet is equally erroneous.
18. Sida retusa of Lin. JBurman.
It is quoted with a query by Dennstedt for Pavonia pr&morsa of Willdenow.
19. Aneilema nudiflora of Hort. Brit. Commelina nudiflora
of Lin . Mant. Lam.
See the note on vol. ix. tab. 63.
20. Drosera indica. Lin.
21. Geophila diversifolia. DC. G. reniformis. W. 8f A. (not
D C.) Psychotria herbacea. Roxb. (not Lin.)
The Lirmea.nPsychotria herbacea is the Psychotrophum Jierbaceum, &c. of Browne's
Jamaica, and Linnaeus, Willdenow, and others, have copied an error of Browne's
in quoting this figure for that species. To the present species the name of
G. reniformis was first given by Professor Don in the Flora Nepalensis, but
he has omitted any reference to Rheede, and erred by quoting the P. herbacea
of Linnaeus ; in this another error may probably have originated, for De
Candolle (referring to a Berlin Periodical) has used the name of G. reniformis
for the American plant, and given that of G. diversifolia to Rheede's.
22. Naregamia alata. W.fyA.
23. Hedyotis Heynei. W. fy A. H. herbacea Var. Smith.
This figure is quoted by De Candolle jointly with tab. 35 for the Linnean
H. herbacea, and it was considered to be a variety of that species by Sir J. E.
Smith and Willdenow.
HORT. MAL. — VOL. X. 51
Tab. 24. Pharnaceum Spergula. , Mollugo Spergula of Lin.
W.fyA.
Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees's Cyclopedia, has shewn that the name of Mollugo in
the margin of the Mantissa, p. 561, is a mere lapsus, and that Linnaeus, in
removing his M. Spergula to Pharnaceum had no intention to change the
specific name. The name of P. Molluyo he had before occupied in the Species
Plantarum for an Ethiopian plant, ' foliis linearibus/ and for this P. Mollugo
and for the P. glomeratum of the Supplementum Plantarum the same figure of
Plukenet's is quoted.
25. Hedyotis racemosa. Lam. H.Rheedii. W. fy A. Olden-
landia paniculata of Lin.
Rheede has described this plant with two, whereas H. Rheedii is described with
four seeds in each capsule, and there is nothing to shew that Linnaeus, when
he called it an Oldenlandia, had ever seen a ripe seed vessel.
26. Pharnaceum triphyllum. Denn. Mollugo triphylla of
Loureiro. W.fyA. M. dimidiata. Ham. MS.
Quoted with a query by Burman for Oldenlandia paniculata, though it approaches
much nearer to his figure of the Linnean Mollugo stricta, and it is far from
improbable that M. triphylla may be only a variety of the latter.
27. Phyllanthus depressus. Ham. MS.
Roxburgh has quoted this figure (as I suspect accidentally instead of vol. ii. t. 27)
for the P. multiftorus of Willdenow, and he may probably have changed the
name of his plant from P. scandens on discovering it to be Willdenow's species.
See note on vol. ii. t. 27. The present plant in Dr. Hamilton's Commentary,
at the Linnean Society, is said to be the ' P. depressus of Roxburgh's MS.,'
and it is quoted with a query by Dennstedt for the P. debills of Willdenow ;
but, from Willdenow's reference to Plukenet, it is more likely to be his
P. dutnetosus.
28. Hydrolea Zeylanica. Vahl. Nama Zeylanica of Lin. Roxb.
Steris Javana of Lin. Mant. Poiret.
29. Aerua Tandalo. Ham. MS.
Either as an Achyranthes, a Celosia, an Illebrum, or an Aerua, authors- have
generally followed Linnaeus in quoting this figure for his Achyranthes lanatu,
and I much doubt whether the A. Tandalo is more than a variety.
30. Hedyotis subcordata. Denn.
Dennstedt's species, which he has called ' H. subcordata, mihi,' is most probably
founded wholly on this figure and description of Rheede's, and it may be
doubted whether any other Professor of Botany would have taken it for an
Hedyotis. It most probably belongs to the Euphorbiaceae, and is considered
to be a Phyllanthus by Professor Don.
31. Portulacca meridiana of Lin. Supt. Poiret. P. quadrifida
Var. DC.
Misquoted by Burman for his Oldenlandia repens, in which he has been followed
by Lamarck ; for Oldenlandia depressa by Willdenow, and for Hedyotis depressa
by Rcemer and Schultes. It is quoted by Wight and Arnott for P. quadrifida
of Linnaeus's Mantissa, and they, as well as De Candolle, considor P. meridiana
and P. quadrifida to be the same species.
52 HORT. MAL. — VOL. X.
Tab. 32. Hedyotis auricularia. Lin.
Quoted by Lamarck for //. hirsuta, i. e. Oldenlandia hirsuta of Liunaeus's Supple-
mentum Plantarum, and according to Wight and Arnott it is not distinct from
//. aujicularia,
33. Euphorbia foliata. Ham. MS.
Commeline's error in taking this figure for a Veronica was detected by Plukenet,
who referred it to Tithymalus.
34. Hemidesmus indicus. Wight. Asclepias pseudosarsa. Roxb.
Misquoted for the Linnean Periploca tenuifolia by Barman, which error Linnaeus
has adopted in his Mantissa, and by Lamarck and some others for Ceropegia
tenuifolia, and it seems as if Roxburgh had been led by these errors to con-
sider the Microloma lineare of R. Brown and this Hemidesmus to be the same
species.
35. Hedyotis herbacea of Lin. Smith. H. Burmanniana. W.SfA.
Oldenlandia herbacea. D C.
Sir J. E. Smith, Willdenow, and De Candolle, have taken this to be the Linnean
H. herbacea, and it answers very nearly to the description in the Flora
Zeylanica. It is quoted by Burman for a Java plant, with the name of Olden-
landia tenuifolia, and Sir J. E. Smith considered it to be the same species.
36. Portulaca oleracea of Lin.
Commeline considered this to be the common Purslane, which is said by Dr.
Hamilton to grow plentiful in India, especially in sandy places near the sea.
Dr. Hamilton has found another species, the P. lavis of his Manuscript, and
has described it to be not unlike this figure.
37. Gomphrena globosa. Lin. Mant.
38. Celosia argentea of Lin. Var. Roxb.
Quoted by Linnaeus and most other authors for C. margaritacea, which is a West
Indian species, and according to Roxburgh it is a variety of C. argentea, which
is common in the corn fields of India. He says, ' Plants from the same seed
have leaves of very various breadth, and are as often with as without the
falcate stipules.'
39. Celosia argentea. Lin.
Foiret has quoted tab. 38 for C, argentea, and this figure for a variety ' foliis
sublinearibus.'
40. Wollastonia biflora. DC. Wedelia biflora. Wight.
Verbesina biflora. Lin.
41. EcliptaprostrataofLin.Mant. Roxb. Verbesina prostrata
Var. Burman.
Linnaeus has arranged this species as a Verbesina in the Species Plantarum, as
a Cotula in the Systema Naturae, and as an Eclipta in the Mantissa. Rox-
burgh says that Rheede's figure is ' tolerable for a young luxuriant plant,'
and an observation of his has misled Dr. Wight to confound the American
E. erecta with this species. Dennstedt, on slight grounds, has suggested
that it may be the Verbesina dichotoma of Willdenow.
42. Wedelia calendulacea. D C. Verbesina calendulacea of
Lin. Burman.
HORT. MAL, — VOL. X. 53
Tab. 43. Sphaeranthus hirtus of Lam. Blume. S. mollis. Roxb.
It is nearly allied to S. indicus, for which it has been quoted by Linnaeus and
several other authors, but that plant is inodorous, whereas this is remarkably
fragrant.
44. Chrysanthemum indicum. Lin. Pyrethrum indicum. DC.
Matricaria indica. Desr.
45. Artemisia grata. D C.
Misquoted by Willdenow and others for Artemisia indica, and for a variety of
Ambrosia artemisifolia by Lamarck.
46. Hydrocotyle asiatica. Lin.
47. Zapania nodiflora. Poiret. Verbesina nodiflora of Lin.
Bur man.
Linnaeus may probably have confounded two species under the name of V, nodi-
flora, of which one is the American V. nodiflora of Bauhin, and the other is the
V. repens nodiflora of the Thesaurus Zeylanicus, for which Linnaeas, in his
Flora Zeylanica, has retained Burman's reference to this figure, although it
is omitted in the Species Plantarum. Unless, therefore, this Malabar plant
should prove to be a variety, the name belongs to the American species, and
it is much unlike the Z. nodiflora from Chile, which is figured in Sweet's
Flower Garden, vol. vi. t. 225, and the figure of the Hortus Elthamensis
which Gaerner has exclusively quoted for bis Synedrella nodiflora.
48. Tiaridium velutinnm? Lehman. Heliotropium indicum.
Roxb.
By Linnaeus this species may probably have been confounded with the West
Indian plant, under the name of H. indicum (i. e. Tiaridium indicum), and it
is the H. indicum of Burman and Roxburgh, but differs materially from the
Heliotrope which is common in our greenhouses.
49. Grangea maderaspatana. Wight. Cotula maderaspatana.
Desf. Artemisia maderaspatana of Lin. Burman.
Grangea mucronata of Hamilton's MS. is probably the same species.
50. Torenia minuta. Blume.
Dennstedt has queried whether it may not be Gratiola repens of Swartz, but
Rheede has described it with four stamens.
51 . Euphorbia Androsaemoides. Denn.
In the copy of the Hortus Malabaricus, at the Linnean Society, this plate is
marked E. dichotoma, but that species has serrulated leaves.
52. Canscora perfoliata. Lam. Pladera perfoliata. Roxb.
Pootia triflora. Denn.
53. Sida acuta. Burman.
54. Sida cordifolia of Lin, Burman.
55. Corchorus decemangularis of Roxb. ?
To this figure I have not found any reference, and as remarked by Commeline
' florum delineatio cum descriptione multum discrepat.' Dr. Hamilton sus-
pected that it might be Corchorus olitorius of Willdenow, and it more resembles
a specimen of Roxburgh's C, decemangularis,
64 HORT. MAL. — VOL. X.
Tab. 56. Pentapetes phcenicea of Lin. Roxb.
Dcnnstedt suspects that it may be Sida angustifolia of Cavanilles.
57. Chiococca malabarica. Denn.
Referred to erroneously by Lamarck for his Ixora parviflora, and by Roemer and
Schultes for /. micrantha, which is the same species, and they are both quoted
by De Candolle for Myon ima multiflora ; but the /. parviflora of Vahl, which
Hooker has figured in the Botanical Miscellany, is quite different. Denn-
stedt's ' C. malabarica mihi,' I imagine, has been wholly founded on Rheede's
description and figure ; but, as the flowers are tetrapetalous, it cannot be a
Chiococca, and I have been unable to find any plant that answers to it.
58. Euphorbia pallens. E. articulata. Denn.
This plant was considered both by Lamarck and Dr. Hamilton to be a dicho-
tomous species of Euphorbia not elsewhere described ; and as Lamarck's
E. articulata is a different species, Dennstedt's name must be changed. Ben
pala is Rheede's name, and it may be translated ' Euphorbia pallens.
59. Desmochaeta atropurpurea. D C. (Cat. Hort.) Achyranthes
lappacea. Lin.
Quoted with a query by Lamarck for his A. styracifolia , which is nearly
allied to, if not more than a variety of, D. atropurpurea. Linnaeus and almost
every other author has taken this to be the A. lappacea, but Jussieu consi-
dered vol. vii. tab. 43, to be that species.
(*{\ "^
* >Cannabis sativa of Lin. Burman.
61. J
Quoted by Lamarck for his C. indica, which appears, from Roxburgh's remarks,
to be only a variety of C. sativa.
62. Vernonia pectiniformis. Wight. Vernonia (or Vassinea)
fragilis. Ham. MS. Conyza serrulata. Lam.
It is quoted by Burman for a variety of the American Conyza odorata, and Dr.
Hamilton has suggested that it should be removed from Vernonia with the
generical name of Vassinea.
63. Decaneurum Epilegium? Wight.
Under the name of Verbesina Lavenia, or Lavenia erecta, this figure has been
quoted by Linnaeus (in the Mantissa), Burman, Willdenow, Smith, Roxburgh,
and others, and De Candolle has mentioned its having some resemblance to
Adenostemma viscosa, which is the same species, but it differs in having alter-
nate leaves and pale blue flowers, and is by far more likely to be a Decaneurum.
Dr. Hamilton has suggested, and I apprehend without sufficient grounds, that
it may be a species of Balsamita, now unknown.
64. Vernonia cinereaVar. Wight. Conyza heterophylla. Lam.
In Dr. Wight's opinion the Cacalia rotundifolia of Willdenow belongs to this
species.
65. Pogostemon paniculatum. Bentham. Elsholtzia panicu*
culata. Willd. Hyssopus cristatus. Lam.
The leaves in this figure are not regularly opposite, and Lamarck considered it
to be an accidental error of the artists.
66. Polycarpaea spadicea. Lam. Lahaya spadicea. JR. fy S.
Mollia spadicea. Willd. in Berlin Mag.
HORT. MAL, — VOL. X. 55
Tab. 67. Almania nodiflora of Brown. Wight.
To the reference to this figure in Hooker's Journal, Dr. Wight has added
'pessime,' and Dennstedt has queried whether it may not be the Illecebrum
capitatum of Linnaeus.
68. Emilia sonchifolia. D C. Cacalia sonchifolia. Lin.
69. Sida radicans. Cavanilles.
All Cavanilles's knowledge of this plant appears to have been derived from
Rheede, and, as suggested by Wight and Arnott, it may not improbably be a
variety of Roxburgh's S. glutinosa.
70. Physalis angulata of Lin. N.Esen.
Misquoted by Burman for the Linnean P.pubescens, and by Roxburgh for the
P. minima of Willdenow.
71. Physalis minima. Lin.
This figure has been quoted by almost every other author except Roxburgh for
P. minima, but it does not accord with the Linnean character ' pedunculis
fructiferis folio villoso longioribus.'
72. Pedalium Murex. Lin.
Dr. Hamilton has suggested that this may be a separate species, but it answers
very fairly to all the specimens of P. Murex that I have seen.
73. Solanum incertum. Dunal. S. nigrum. Lour, (not Lin.)
Linnaeus of S. nigrum says, ' In orbis totius cultis,' which habitat may have
misled Loureiro ; and this figure has also been mistaken by Martyn and Rox-
burgh for S, rubrum.
74. Solanum Melongena Var. N. Esen. S. esculentum. Dunal.
Misquoted by Lamarck for S. insanum of Linnaeus's Mantissa.
75. Mirabilis Jalapa of Lin. Burman' 's Index.
76. Croton polyandrum of Roxb. Ham. MS.
Burman in his Index says that this is the Croton solanifolinm of the Species
Plantarum, p. 1426, and of the Flora Indica, p. 205, and there is no such
species in either of these works. Roxburgh's specimens of C. polyandrum, in
the shape of the leaves, answer better than his description to this figure.
77. Pogostemon Heyneanum. Bentham.
Quoted erroneously by Linnaeus in the Species Plantarum for Ocymumfrulescens,
which is Perilla Ocymoides of the Systema Naturae, by Lamarck for O. petio-
/are, and for Mentha perilloides by Willdenow.
78. Achyranthes aspera of Lin. Burman.
Burman has been followed by Linnaeus in the Mantissa, and in the Hortus Ke-
wensis, as well as most other works, in quoting this figure for A. aspera and
the A. obtusifolia, for which it is quoted by Lamarck, belongs to the same
species. Dr. Hamilton, however, doubted whether tab. 79 may not be the
Linnean A. aspera, and whether Roxburgh's A. aspera and the plant here
figured (unless they belong to the A.fruticosa of Lamarck) should not be ar-
ranged separately with the name of A. cadelaria. Linnaeus, to his reference
to Rheede, has added another to Rumphius, which I take to be erroneous,
and the latter may perhaps have misled Dr. Hamilton.
56 HORT. MAL.— VOL. X.
Tab. 79. Desmochaeta prostrata of D C. Achyranthes prostrata
of Lin. Burman.
Lamarck and Roxburgh, as well as Burman, have quoted this figure for A. pros.
trata, and, per contra, Dennstedt has queried whether it may not be the
A. argentea of Lamarck. Gmelin's inaccuracies are so frequent that it would
be almost endless to notice them, and instead of vol. 10, tab. 40 and tab. 69, he
has referred to this figure both for Verbesina biflora and Sida radicans.
80. Polygonum rivulare. Roxb.
81. Acalypha indica. Lin.
82. Tragia mercurialis. Lin.
83. Tragia mercurialis. Var. Denn.
Quoted by Linnaeus, Burman, and Roxburgh, for a variety of Acalypha
indica.
84. Plectranthus cordifolius. Bentham.
Quoted by Lamarck for the Linnean Ocymum polystachyon, which is said by
Roxburgh to inhabit ditches and wet places, whereas Rheede has described
this plant, ' nascens in arenosis,' and, as was suspected by Dr. Hamilton,
it is more likely to be the 0. molle of Willdenow.
85. OcymumvirgatumofThunberg. Denn. ? O. sanctum. Roxb.
In Burmtn's Index this figure is quoted for O. inodorum of the Flora Indica, but
Rheede has described it 'odoris grati,' and it is quoted jointly with tab. 87
for O. basilicum by Lamarck.
86. Ocymum gratissimum of Lin. Burman.
87. Ocymum Basilicum Var. anisatum. Bentham. O. Basili-
cum. Lam. O. sanctum. Burman.
In the Index to the Hortus Malabaricus (with an unintelligible reference to the
Flora Indica of his son) the name of O. sanctum was first used for the present
plant by the elder Burman, and its being held sacred by the Brahmins is men-
tioned by Rheede, although other species also are said to be used in their temples.
The name of O. sanctum by almost every author appears to have been given
to a different species, so as to occasion much confusion ; but, if retained, it
belongs on the score of priority to O. Basilicum. This figure is quoted by
Roxburgh for his O. villosum.
88. Anisomeles ovata of Hort. Kew. Bentham. Ajuga disticha.
Roxb.
Quoted with a query by Dennstedt for the Linnean Nepela amboymca, which is
arranged as a variety of this species by Bentham. The A. ovata is said, in
the Hortus Kewensis, to have been first introduced to this country in 1783,
by John, Earl of Bute ; but it appears, by the Almagestum Botanicum, p. 81,
to have been cultivated at Hampton Court in the days of Plukenet.
89.
I have not met with any reference to this figure ; Rheede's name for the species,
equally with the foregoing tab. 6, and vol. ix. tab. 85, might lead us to suppose
that it belongs to Lamarck's genus Ambulia, but it has alternate leaves, and
differs essentially in other points.
HORT. MAL. — VOL. X. 57
Tab. 90. Anisochilus carnosum. Bentham. Plectranthus carnosus.
Smith. P. stroboliferus. Roxb. Lavendula carnosa.
Willd.
It is quoted erroneously by Linnaeus in the Species Plantarum for Nepeta indica
(instead of tab. 88?), and in the Supplementum Plantarum for N. amboinica;
and though not quoted, it is the Lavendula carnosa of the latter work.
91. Leucas obliqua. Ham. MS.
Quoted by Sir J. E. Smith for L. zeylanica, for the Linnean Phlomis teylanica by
Roxburgh, and with a query for Leucas aspera by Bentham.
92. Ocymum sanctum of Lin. Mant. Smith.
Quoted with a query by Bentham for Geniosporum prostrat urn, and by Dennstedt
for O. rugosum of Thunberg. See note on tab. 87, and Sir W. Jones's Obser-
vations on select Indian Plants, No. 52.
93. Stemodia menthastrum. Bentham.
Misquoted by Linnaeas in the Mantissa, and by most other authors, for Nepeta
malabarica, and in the Hortus Britannicus both for Nepeta malabarica and
Anisomeles malabarica. See Bentham on the Order Labiatse, p. 704.
94. Justicia procumbens of Lin. Burman.
Plukenet suggested that this may be his tab. 164, f. 4, and Linnaeus for /. pro-
cumbens has quoted two others of Plukenet's figures, and all three are dif-
ferent. By Dennstedt, who is the only modern author that has noticed this
figure, it is misquoted for the Linnean Ziziphora capitata, and it is by far more
likely to belong to J, procumbens, which Roxburgh has described, to be a very
variable species.
H
HORTUS MALABARICUS.
VOL. XI.
T 1
' *' ' Anassa sativa of R. Brown. Bromelea Ananas. Lin.
3. Aloe perfoliata Var. Willd. A vulgaris. Lam.
4. 1 Alpinia Cardamomum. Roxb. Amomum repens. Willd.
5. 5 Amomum racemosum. Lam. Elettaria Cardamomum. Maton.
6. Amomum Granum Paradisi. Lin. Zingiber minus. Gcert.
Linnaeus has quoted this figure both for Amomum Cardamomum and for .4. Granum
Paradisi, and Lamark considered the latter to be nothing more than a variety
of the former.
7. Curcuma Zerumbet. Roxb. Amomum latifolium. Lam.
For C. Zedoaria Roxburgh has not referred either to this figure or to Rumphius,
and, in the Asiatic Researches, vol. xi. p. 333, he says that it agrees better
with C. Zerumbet than with C. Zedoaria, for which it has been quoted by
Willdenow, Roscoe, and most other authors.
8. Costus speciosus. Willd. Banksia speciosa. Retz. Amo-
mum hirsutum. Lam. Tsiana speciosa. Gmelin.
Roscoe considered this to be C. araUcus, and the figure has been quoted by
Linuceus with a mark of doubt for that species.
9. Kaempferia rotunda. Lin.
10. Kaempferia pandurata. Roxb. K. ovata. Roscoe. Cur-
cuma rotunda. Lin.
11. Curcuma longa. Lin.
Erroneously quoted by Rcemer and Schultes in their Mantissa for Keempferia
pandurata.
12. Zinziber officinale. Roscoe. Amomum Zinziber. Lin.
13. Zinziber Zerumbet. Roscoe. Amomum Zerumbet. Lin.
14. Alpinia Allughas. Roscoe. Hellenia Allughas. Willd.
Heritiera Allughas. Retz.
15. Aponogeton monostachyon. Lin. Sup. Saururus natans.
Lin. Mant.
HORT. MAL. — VOL. XI. 59
Tab. 16. Calla calyptrata of Roxb.?
Misquoted by Dennstedt for the Arum macrorrhizon of Linnaeus.
17. Arum minutum. Willd.
1 Q ^
19* > Arum campanulatum. Roxb. A. Rumphii. Gaudichaud.
In Burman's Index tab. 19 is mistaken for the Linnean Dracontium polyphyllum,
and Dennstedt has fallen into the same error with regard to tab. 18, and has
arranged tab. 19 as a separate species, under the name of D. Paonice folium.
20. Arum divaricatum. Lin.
21. Arum gracile. Roxb.
Misquoted by Gsertner and others for Tacca pinnatifida, and by Dennstedt for
A rum pentaphyllum of Linnaeus, and Burman, in his Index, has called it
' Podophyllum trilobum of the Sp. Plant, p. 723.'!
22. Caladium nymphaefolium. Vent.
Roxburgh doubts whether it is more than a large aquatic variety of Arum
Colocasia.
23. Caladium ovatum. Willd. Arum ovatum. Lin.
24. Spbenoclea Zeylanica of Gaert. Willd. GaertneraPongati.
Retz. Pongatium indicum. Lam.
25. Plectranthus rotundifolius. Bentham. Nepeta madagas-
cariensis. Lam.
26. Nymphaea pubescens of Willd. Castalia sacra. Salisbury.
Castalia pubescens. Rees's Enc.
Misquoted in Browne's Jamaica, and by Linnaeus, Burman, Willdenow, Poiret,
and Roxburgh, for Nymphtea Lotus.
27. Nymphaea stellata. Willd. N. malabarica. Poiret. Cas-
talia stellaris. Salisbury.
28. Villarsia indica. Vent. V. macrophylla. Wight. Meny-
anthes indica. Lin.
M. indica of the Bot. Mag. t. 658, for which Dr. Sims has quoted this figure, is
quite a different species, and is the V. Simsii of Don's Dictionary.
29. Villarsia cristata. Ham. MS. Menyanthes cristata. Roxb.
Dennstedt has queried whether it is distinct from M. nymplioides.
30. Nelumbium speciosum Var. Willd. Nelumbium Tamara.
Hort. Brit. Nelumbo nucifera. Gcert. N. indica.
Persoon.
31. Nelumbium speciosum. Willd. Nelumbo indica Var.
Persoon. Nymphaea Nelumbo. Lin. Cyamus Ne-
lumbo. Smith. C. mysticus. Salisbury.
Dr. P. Browne has quoted the foregoing tab. 30 for a Jamaica plant, which is
the N. Jamaicense of De Candolle, and it has misled Linnaeus under the name
of N. Nelumbo to confound the two species together.
32. Pistia stratiotes. Lin.
Both Browne and Plumier have quoted this figure for an American Pistia, and
Linnaeus has followed in considering them to be the same species. Plukenet
60 HORT. MAL.— VOL. XI.
has repeated an observation of Commelines, ' Experientia enim nos docuit,
quam plurimas ludise orientalis Plantas etiam in America reperiri/ and this
opinion has been often acted on without sufficient care. It is a curious coin-
cidence that Pistia has been accidentally omitted in the Index to the Species
Plantarum, and that the genus is wholly unnoticed by Steudel.
Tab. 33. Trapa bispinosa. Roxb.
Linnaeus, Willdenow, and Lamarck have quoted this figure for the European
T. natans, and it is more nearly allied to T. bicornis of the Supplementum
Plantarum. The description of the latter has been obviously taken from a
plant mentioned in Osbeck's Voyages, which he gathered in China, and the
reference to Plumier is copied from a quotation of Osbeck's, and is probably
erroneous.
34. Phrynium capitatum. Willd. Phyllodes placentaria. Lour.
Pontaderia ovata. Lin.
By the younger Linnaeus this figure has been referred to for Myrosma cann&folia,
by other authors for Maranta attovia, and by Gmelin for both of these, and for
Potitaderia ovata also !
35. Geodorum dilatatum. Lindley. Malaxis cernua. Willd.
Limodorum dcnsiflorum. Lam. Limodorum nutans.
Roxb. Cistella cernua. Blume.
36. Wolfia spectabilis. Denn.
I have not met with any reference besides Dennstedt's to this figure, and it may
probably belong to the Scltamineae.
37. Pardanthus Chinensis. Blume. Moraea Chinensis. Willd.
Ixia Chinensis. Lin.
38. Crinum defixum. Ker. C. asiaticum Var. Burman.
Amaryllis vivipara. Lam. Bulbine asiatica. Gcert.
Though Linnaeus in the Mantissa has added this figure to the synonyms of
C. asiatica, yet the Radix toxicaria of Rumphius, which is quoted in the
Species Plantarum, is more properly the Linnean species. Roxburgh has
however retained the name of C. asiatica for the present plant, and given that
of C. toxicaria to the latter.
39. Crinum latifolium. Lin. Amaryllis latifolia. Lam.
40. Pancratium verecundum. Ker.
Misquoted by Linnaeus, and in the Encyclopedic Methodique for P. zeylanicum,
and the figure answers better to Ker's description in the Transactions of the
Horticultural Society, but has the segments of the corol more ovate than is
usual in P. verecundum. By Steudel it is erroneously said that P. verecundum
and the Linnean P. maritimum are the same.
41. Kaempferia Galanga. Lin. Alpinia sessilis. Retz.
42. Sanseviera lanuginosa~ Willd.. Salmia ebracteata. Cav.
Aletris Zeylanica Var. Lam.
Quoted with a mark of doubt by Linnaeus for Aletris hyacinthoides, and by Rox-
burgh for Sanseviera zeylanica, which is another name for the same species ;
nor has the claim of S. lanuginosa to be placed separate been at all satisfac-
torily established.
HORT. MAL.— VOL. XI. 61
Tab. 43. Canna indica. Lin,
Dr. Hamilton thinks that this plant, which is C. indica of Roxburgh, is distinct
from the Linnean species, and has proposed Sarana for its specific name. If
there is more than one East Indian Canna, it however appears to me, from
the references in the Flora Zeylanica, that this plant of Rheede's has the best
claim to be called C. indica.
44. Pontederia vaginalis. Lin. Mant.
Quoted by Linnaeus in the Spec. Plant, for P. hustata, but the error is corrected
in the Mantissa.
45. Sagittaria obtusifolia. Lin.
46. Damasonium indicum. Willd. Stratiotes alismoides. Lin.
Ottelia alismoides. Persoon.
47. Aeginetia indica. Willd. Orobanche jiEginetia. Lin.
48. Acorus Calamus. Lin.
It may be A. Calamus without fructification, and Roxburgh says that the species
is common in gardens throughout India.
49. Ipomaea paniculata. Bot. Reg. Convolvulus paniculatus.
Lin. Batatas paniculata. G. Don.
50. Ipomaea grandiflora. Roxb. Calonyction Roxburghii.
G. Don..
Quoted erroneously by Linnaeus in the Sp. Plant, for Iponuea Bona Nox., and
some authors consider it to be distinct from the C. grandiflorus (i. e., Iponusa
grandiflora of Lamarck), for which it is quoted in the Supplementum Plan-
tarum. It is certainly the I. grandiflora of Roxburgh, and I think of the
Botanist's Repository also.
51. Ipomaea malabarica. R.fyS. Convolvulus malabaricus. Lin.
Argyreia malabarica. G. Don.
52. Ipomaea aquatica. Poiret. Convolvulus repens. Roxb.
(not Lin.)
C. repens of the Species Plantarum, for which it has been quoted by Linnaeus,
is most probably an American, and at all events an uncertain species.
53. Ipomaea sepiaria. Roxb. Convolvulus maximus. Lin.
Convolvulus marginatus. Lam.
This figure is quoted in the Hortus Britannicus for /. sepiaria and also for
C. maximus, and erroneously in Don's Dictionary both for the Linnean
I. reptans and /. sepiaria.
54. Convolvulus Bentira. Ham. MS. C. Rheedii. Wallick?
Quoted by Mr. G. Don for Aniseiauniflora, and by Dennstedt for the C.emarginatus
of Vahl, which is the C. uniflorus of Burman and of the Encyclopedic Methodique ;
but the leaves, as described and figured by Burman, are quite different.
55. Ipomaea sagittaefolia. Burman. I. hastata of Lin. Mant.
Lam. Convolvulus Sonneratii. Rees's Cyc.
Quoted by Linnaeus, Roxburgh, and several other authors, for Convolvulus
medium, but it answers far better to the Linnean /. hastata, and it is referred
to by Roemer and Schultes for the I. denticulata of Brown, and by G. Don for
the I.filicaulis of Blume, which may possibly be nothing more than varieties.
62 HORT. MAL. — VOL. XI.
Tab. 56. Ipomaea campanulata. Lin.
57. Ipomaea maritiraa of Brown. R.fy S. Convolvulus Pes
Caprae. Lin.
Quoted by Lamarck for a variety of his Convolvulus maritimus, which is a species
at least nearly allied to our English C. Soldanetta.
58. Ipomaea Beladamboe. JR. fy S. 1. repens. Lam. I. rugosa.
G. Don. Convolvulus fiagelliformis. Roxb.
I. repens of Roth is a different species, and Dennstedt has no ground for his
suspicion that Rheede's plant is the I. verticillata of Vahl.
59. Ipomaea Pes Tigridis. Lin.
60. Ipomaea Quamoclit. Lin. Convolvulus pennatus. Lam.
Quamoclit vulgaris. G. Don.
61. Ipomaea speciosa. jR. fy S. Convolvulus speciosus. Lin. Sup.
Convolvulus nervosus. Lam. Lettsomia nervosa. Roxb*
Argyreia speciosa. G. Don.
62. Cocculus orbiculatus. D C. Menispermum orbiculatum of
Lin. Burman.
This imperfect figure, without either flower or fruit, has been quoted for Will-
denow's Cissampelos convolvulacea by Roxburgh, who says, that the Linnean
Menispermum orbiculatum is the same species, and De Candolle suspects that
the latter may be a Cissampelos, but it does not well answer to Willdenow's
description of the former. By Wight and Arnott the Linnean M. orbiculatum
and M. cocculus are considered to be the same species, and they have quoted
this figure jointly with vol. vii. t. 1, for Cocculus suberosus.
63.
Plukenet considered it to be his Hedera baccifera, tab. 416, f. 3, and no modern
author has quoted this imperfect figure. It was thought by Dr. Hamilton to
be either a Thoa or a Gnetum ; but it has been suggested to me by Professor
Don, that it is more nearly allied to the Incarvillea parasitica of Roxburgh,
and it may probably belong to the genus ^Eschynanthus of Dr. Jack.
64. Evolvulus alsinoides. Lin.
65. Ipomaea tridentata. R. Sf S. Convolvulus tridentatus.
Willd. Evolvulus tridendatus. Lin.
HORTUS MALABARICUS.
VOL. XII.
Tab. 1. Saccolabium guttatum. Lindley. Aerides retusum. Willd.
Epidendrum retusum. Lin.
2. Saccolabium praemorsum. Lindley. Aerides praeraorsum.
Willd.
3. Vanda spatulata. Lindley. Limodorum spatulatum.
Willd. Epidendrum spatulatum. Lin.
Quoted by Mons. Richard for his Angreechum polystachyum, which he considered
to be the Linnean E. spatulatum.
4. Saccolabium papillosum. Lindley. Aerides undulatum.
Smith. Cymbidium praemorsum. Willd. Epiden-
drum praemorsum. Roxb.
Misquoted by Linnaeus for his Epidendrum furvum, which is Vanda furva of
Lindley.
5. Cymbidium tenuifolium. Willd. Epidendrum ten ui folium.
Lin.
6. Cymbidium tenuifolium Var. Denn.
Of this plant Rheede says that it is similar to the preceding tab. 5, ' nisi quod
nunquam floreat, et folia paulo longiora, latiora et rigidiora sunt/
7. Cymbidium ovatum. Willd. Epidendrum ovatum. Lin.
8. Cymbidium aloifolium. Willd. Epidendrum aloifolium.
Lin. Epidendrum aloides. Bot. Mag.
9. Arum viviparum. Roxb.
10. Hemionitis trinervis. Ham. MS. Asplenium Arifolium.
Bur man.
11. Polypodium quercifolium. Lin.
12.
Is mentioned by Swartz, in Schrader's Journal, as an undescribed species of
Acrostichum, and has been quoted erroneously by Burman for the Linnean
Polypodium dissimile, and by Dennstedt with a query for the P. tricuspe of
Swartz. Professor Don considers it to be the West Indian P. aureum of
Linnaeus, and the frond which Rheede has figured being barren, may account
for some difference in its appearance.
64 SORT. MAL.— VOL. XII.
Tab. 13.
Quoted generally for the lower part of the foregoing tab. 12, which Rheede con-
sidered it to be, and from the prickles Professor Don thinks that it is much
more probably the Caudex of a Zalacca or Calamus.
14. Lycopodium Phlegmaria. Lin.
15. Diplazium malabaricum. Blume. D. denticulosum.
Gaudichaud. Asplenium ambiguum. Swartz.
Asplenium heterophyllum of Roxburgh's Hortus Bengalensis is probably the
same species.
16. Asplenium alternifrons. Aspidium alternifrons.
Denn.
Considered to be an undescribed Asplenium both by Swartz and Dr. Hamilton.
17. Polypodium obtusum. Ham. MS,
Quoted by Linnaeus and others for Polypodium parasiticum, and for Aspidium
parasiticum by Willdenow, but the accuracy of this reference has been denied
by Dr. Hamilton as well as Blume.
18. Asplenium falcatum. Lam. Trichomanes adiantoides of
Lin. Burman.
Quoted with a query by Blume for his Asplenium canaliculatum, which is very
nearly allied to A. falcatum of Lamarck, but A. falcatum of Thunberg is
another species.
19. Acrostichum flagelliferum. Wallich.
^J' j Pothos pertusa. Roxb.
Misquoted by Burman for his Polypodium laciniatum.
22. Epidendrum sterile. Lam.
Rheede has not noticed the infloresence either of this plant or of tab. 23, and it
is almost impossible to ascertain the species of Bolbophyllum to which they
belong.
23. Epidendrum sterile Var. Lam. Dendrobium reptans ?
Swartz.
Is obviously a Bolbophyllum. See the foregoing note on tab. 22.
24. Pholidota imbricata. Lindley. Cymbidium imbricatum.
Willd.
25. Eulophia virens of Lindley. Limodorum virens.
Roxb.
Rheede never saw the flower, and it is an uncertain figure.
26. Eulophia carinata. Lindley. Limodorum carinatum. Willd.
Limodorum variegatum. Lamarck.
27. Microstylis Rheedi. Lindley. Malaxis Rheedii. Willd.
Epidendrum resupinatum. Forster.
Dr. Lindley suspects that Crepidium Rheedii of Blume is the same species.
28. Liparis odorata. Lindley. Malaxis odorata. Willd,
HORT. MAL.— VOL. XII. 65
Tab. 29. Niphobolus carnosus. Blume. Acrostichum heterophyllum.
Lin.
Quoted ,by Willdenow for Polypodium adnescens, for Cyclophorus adnescens by
Desrousseaux, for Nothochleena piloselloides (i. e., Pteris piloselloides of Lin.)
by Kaulfuss, and in the Hortus Britannicus for Niphobolus adnescens, but is
said to be a distinct species by Blume.
30. Tragia colorata? Lam.
Of T. colorata Poiret says, 'Cette plante a de tres grands rapports avec la figure
de Rheede; mais lea feuilles y sont representees aigues; les Echantillons
que I'ai observes dans 1'Herbier de M. Lamarck ont tous les feuilles obtuses.'
. It has been suggested by Dr. Hamilton, that it may represent the branch of a
tree with a parasite growing on it like Ivy.
31. Aspidium splendens. Willd. Polypodium punclulatum.
Poiret.
The P. punctulatum of Vahl appears to be quite a different species,
32. Lygodium flexuosum. Swartz. Ophioglossum flexuosum.
Lin.
This figure has been quoted by Willdenow for his Hydroglossum flexuosum,
which is said by Swartz to be a different species.
33. Lygodium pinnatifidum. Swartz. Hydroglossum pinnati-
fidum. Willd.
Misquoted by Linnaeus (instead of 34?) for Ophioglossum scandens, and by
Gmelin for Acrosticum lanceolatum.
34. Lygodium scandens, Swartz. L. microphyllum. Blume.
Hydroglossum scandens, frons sterilis. Willd.
This figure in the Hortus Bengalensis is quoted for Ophioglossum filiforme, and
for Osmunda scandens by Gmelin.
35. Lomaria scandens, frons sterilis. Willd. Onoclea scandens.
Poiret. Pteris scandens. Roxb. Polypodium palustre,
Var. Burman.
36. Limnophila gratioloides of Brown. Smith. Hydropityon
pedunculatum. D C. Columneabalsamica. Roxb. Hot-
tonia indica. Lin.
Misquoted by Gsertner for Hydropityon Zeylanicum, which differs in having the
flowers sessile and decandrous; whereas Rheede has described this plant
with only two stamens ; and in Don's Dictionary it is quoted both for //. pe~
dunculatum and for L. gratioloides. It is the L. trifida of Sprengel, and is
generally considered to be the Gratiola trifida of Willdenow, although Willde-
now, for that species, has quoted vol. ix, t. 85, instead of this figure.
37.
Dillenius has noticed the affinity of this moss with Bryum punctatum, and I
cannot find any species which answers to it either in Hooker's Musci Exotic!
or Botanical Miscellany.
38. Isolepis squarrosa of Brown. R. 8f S. Scirpus squarrosus.
Lin. Mant.
The reference in the Mantissa for S. squarrosus is singularly erroneous, but
there can be no doubt that t 38 was intended. This figure is quoted with a
query by Burman for S, capillaris of the Species Plantarum, and Linnaeus
I
<36 HORT. MAL. — VOL. XII.
has altered the description of that species in the Mantissa. Isolepis squarrosa
of Carmichael in the Linneau Transactions, vol. xii., is another species, and
the name has been changed by Schultes to /. acugnana.
Tab. 39. Lycopodium cernuum. Lin.
Rheede's descriptions of tab. 39 and 40 are wrongly numbered, and that marked
40 belongs to this plate, and vice versa.
40. Adiantum lunulatum. Burmanfy H.fyG. Pteris lunulata.
Roxb.
41. Eragrostis plumosa of Schultes. Poa plumosa of Retz.
Roxb.
Quoted by Linnseas both for Panicum patens and Poa tenetta, and by Rremer
and Schultes for Eragrostis tenella, to which it is nearly allied.
42. Cyperus elatus of Lin.? RotbolL C. venustus of R. Brown.
Wight.
Misquoted by Vahl for his C. canescens, and by Roxburgh for the C. alopecu-
roides of Rotboll, which was considered by Willdenow to be the Linnean
C. glomeratus.
43. Andropogon aciculatum of Retz. Roxb.
Quoted by Burman for the Linnean Scirpus corymbosus, and by Vahl for his
Rhynchospora aurea, which is probably the same species.
44. Paspalum longiflorum of Retz. Roxb.
Mistaken by Dennstedt for the Linneau Andropogon muticum.
45. Digitaria malabarica. JR. fy S. Syntherisma malabarica.
Swartz. Festuca indica. Retz. Melica diandra of
Roxb. Poa malabarica of Lin.
It is quoted with a query by Lamarck for his Panicum miliare, and by Roemer
and Schultes both for D. malabarica and for F.indica ; and Sprengel's Diplachne
indica may probably be the same species.
46. Saccharum exaltatum. Roxb.
Roxburgh considered it to be this species rather than S.epontaneum, for which, or
as Imperata spontanea, it has been quoted by Linnaeus and most other authors,
except Burman, who mistook it for the Linnean Panicum alopecuroideum.
47. Panicum Dactylon of Roxb. Cnot Lin.) Agrostis linearis
of Kcenig. Sir W. Jones.
Although it is not quoted either by Retz or Roxburgh, there can be no doubt
that this ' Durba' ' plurimis ceremoniis in religione Bramannum celebratur'
is the A. linear is of the former and P. Dactylon of the latter; and we have the
authority of Mr. Lambert (in Lin. Trans, vol. vii.) for considering P. Dactylon
to be a native of the East Indies as well as of Great Britain; the fructification
however appears to me to differ materially in our Cornish plant, and Sir W.
Jones says, that ' its flowers, in their perfect state, are among the loveliest
objects in the vegetable world, and appear, through a lens, like minute rubies
and emeralds in constant motion from the least breath of air.' This figure is
quoted with a query for Paspalum africanum by Poiret.
48. Scleria lithosperma. Willd. Schoenus lithospermus. Lin.
Misquoted by Poiret for Scleria Flagellum, and by Linnaeus this West Indian
negro scourge has been confounded with Rheede's plant, under the name of
S. lithospermus.
HORT. MAL. — VOL. XII. 67
Tab. 49. Ischaemum muticum. Lin.
50. Cyperus rotundus of Lin.
Quoted by Roxburgh, and with a query by Rotboll, for C. procerus, but it an-
swers better to the C. hexastachyos of Rotboll, and to the figure and description
of Scheuchzer's, which Linnaeas has quoted for C. rotundus. By DennsUdt
it is referred to with a query for the C. Pangorei of Retz.
51. Chloris barbata. Roxb. Andropogon barbatumof Lin. Mant.
Lam.
52. Kyllinga triceps. Rotboll. K. tricephala. St. Hil. Schcenus
tuberosus. Burman.
53. Kyllinga monocephala. Rotboll. Schcenus coloratus Var.
Lin.
In Sir W. Jones's copy this plate is marked Schcenus niveus, and it is quoted by
Poiret for the Linnean S. niveus; on the other hand, in General Hardwick's
copy, it is marked S.cephalotes of Lin. According to Muhlenberg, K. mono-
cephala has been found as far north as New Jersey, and he has also described
K. triceps to be a native of the United States, but they are both treated as
tropical plants in the stoves at Kew.
54. Cyperus pygmseus of Vahl. Wight. Cyperus diffusus. Roxb.
Cyperus mulenpulla. R. fy. S.
Either as a Scirpus or a Fimbristylis it is misquoted by Rotboll, and most other
authors, for S.argenteus; but Poiret (Enc. Meth. Sup. v. p. 90) says that it is
not S. argenteus, but S. monander of Rotboll. It is the Cyperus musarius of
Hamilton's MS., who doubted whether Roxburgh's C. diffusus is the same
species.
55. Cyperus ventricosus. R. Brown.
Quoted erroneously by Rotboll for the Linnean C. Kgularis, and by Deonstedt
with a query for C.racemosus of Retz.
56. Cyperus inundatus of Roxb.
In all probability Linnaeus described a Chinese plant of Osbeck's, and, from
their general similarity, quoted the present figure and Plukenet's t. 191, fig. 7,
(which Plukenet himself had arranged separately), and then gave Rheede's
name, Ira, to the species. Roxburgh also has quoted both these figures, but
with a remark that Plukenet's answers best for his C. Iria ; and, as suggested
by Dr. Hamilton, this plant of Rheede's may probably be his C. inundatus.
57. Andropogon Iwarancusa of Roxb. Ham. MS. A. schoenan-
thus Var. Lam.
A. Iwarancusa is supposed by Roxburgh to be the plant described by Sir Gilbert
Blane, with the name of Spikenard, in the Philosophical Transactions, vol. Ixxx.,
and probably Sir Gilbert may have erred in saying that ' it is not to be met
with among the many hundreds of plants delineated in the Hortus Malabaricus.'
The Spikenard of the ancients is however shewn by two papers from Sir W.
Jones, and a third from Dr. Roxburgh, in the Asiatic Researches, to be one of
the Valerianeoo, i. e. Nardostachys Jatamansi of Don's Dictionary.
58. Hypolytrum giganteum of Wallich. Wight. Schoenus
nemorum. Vahl.
This figure is quoted with a query by Rotboll for Fuirena umbellata, and Vahl of
S. nemorum says, 'A Schcenis differt calyce bivalvi intra squamam j a Ma-
68 HORT. MAL.— VOL, XII.
chaerina setarum defectu et habitu j a Hypaelyptis paleis persistentibus et
habitu diversissimo ; forte rectius proprii generis.' Dr. Wight says that it
is the Tunga diandra of Roxburgh, and the Hypoelytrum nemorum which
Beauvais has figured for Vahl's S. nemorum is probably another species.
Tab. 59. Curculigo orchioides. Roxb.
In General Hardwick's copy this plate is marked ' Scilla radicans.'
60. Zizania terrestris. Lin.
Sir J. E. Smith has remarked that Linnaeus described his Zizania terrestris
from the Hortus Malabaricus alone, and all the other descriptions that I have
met with have been equally borrowed from Rheede.
61. Panicum miliaceum of Lin.
Dr. Hamilton doubted whether it may not be the P. ramosum of Linnaeus's
Mantissa.
62. Perotis latifolia. Hort. Kew. Saccharum spicatum. Lin.
Linnaeus has throughout quo ted this figure of Rheede 's for his Saccharum spicatum.
and supposing that another plant may, in the first edition of the Species Planta-
rum, have been intended, there can be no doubt that S. spicatum of other editions
is the Perotis latifolia, but this figure has been erroneously quoted by Burman
for his S. spicatum, which is quite different, and is the S. spicatum of Smith ;
the former is tab. 119, fig. 1, and the latter is tab. 92, fig. 5, of Plukenet's
Phytographia. In the Flora Zeylanica, Plukenet, 1. 119, f. 1, is also quoted
for Anthoxanthum indicum, and though Linnseus afterwards omitted this refe-
rence, his A. indicum and S. spicatum are probably synonymous.
63. Mariscus umbellatus. Vahl. Kyllinga umbellata. Rotboll.
This figure answers almost equally to M. umbellatus and M . cyperinus of Vahl,
and it is quoted for the latter by Dr. Wight.
64. Calamus gracilis. Roxb. C. petraeus of Lour. Poiret.
Quoted by Linnseus, Burman, Willdenow, and Dennstedt for C. Rotang, but it
has more the appearance of Willdenow's C. equestris.
65. Calamus Scipionum of Loureiro. ? Poiret.
Roxburgh, in the Hortus Bengalensis, has quoted this figure for his C. latifolius,
but the reference is omitted in the Flora Indica, and t. 66 answers better to
it. It is misquoted by Dennstedt for the C. niger of Willdenow, and by no
means accurately accords with Loureiro's description of C. scipionum,
66. Calamus latifolius of Roxburgh.
Mistaken by Dennstedt for the C. viminalis of Willdenow.
67. Schrenus pauiculatus. Burman.
In the Herbarium Arnboinense this is said to be the Carex amloinicus of Rum-
phius, vol. vi. t. 8, f. 1, although they have a different appearance, and both
these figures are quoted by Burman in the Flora Indica for his S.paniculatus,
which is a very uncertain species. It is referred to with a query by Rotboll
for S. Surimanensis.
68. Eriocaulon setaceum. Lin.
69. Cynosurus Cavara. Ham. MS.
Under that generical name, or of Eleusine, most authors have followed Linnaeus
in quoting this figure for his Cynosurus indicus; and either as an Eleusine, or
HORT. MAL, — VOL. XII. 69
Dactyloctenium, it is quoted by others for the Linnean C. dEgyptius, and it is
referred to in Rees's Cyclopaedia for both. Of these two it is most nearly
allied to the latter ; but Dr. Hamilton considered it, and I think rightly, to be
a separate species.
Tab. 70. Coix Lachryma. Lin.
71 . Isolepis articulata. Wight. Scirpus articulatus. Lin.
72. Andropogon Schcenanthus of Lin. Roxb* A. Schoananthus
Var. Lam. Cymbopogon Schoenanthus. Sprengel.
To Rheede's imperfect figure of this interesting species, Wallich's tab. 280
presents a splendid contrast.
73. Arundo Karka of Retz and Roxburgh. Trichoon Karki of
Roth. (Cat. Bot.)
74. Polypodium acrostichoides. Swartz.? Acrostichum lan-
ceolatum. Lin.?
Quoted by Linnaeus and others for A. lanceolatum, and by Swartz and Willdenow
for P. acrostichoides, which, according to Blume, are two different species of
Niphobolus, and from the Synomyns of both he has excluded the present
figure. As suggested by Dr. Hamilton it may probably be a species of Vit-
taria, allied to the V. revoluta of Don's Prodromus.
75. Spinifex dioicus. Ham. MS.
Linnaeus, in the Mantissa, has been apparently misled by Rumphius to quote
this figure for his Stipa spinifex (i. e. Spinifex squarrosus of the Supplement),
and it is also quoted erroneously by Burman for his Stipa littorea. On the
other hand, Osbeck has quoted it for a plant which he gathered on the river
side near Canton, and which he considered to be the Linnean Cypents Haspan.
76. Polygonum rivulare. Roxb.
Quoted by Linnaeus and others for P. orientale, but the leaves are not sufficiently
ovate for that species ; and it is said by Dennstedt, on what grounds I know
not, to be the P. barbatum of Gmelin.
77. Polygonum glabrum of Willd. Roxb.
Misquoted by Linnaeus, Burman, and Willdenow, for P. barbatum, and bjr
Dennstedt for the Linnean P. orientale.
78. Eleusine coracana. Per soon. Cynosurus coracanus. Lin.
79. Holcus spicatus of Lin. Burman. Pennisetum spicatum.
Persoon. ?
Quoted with a query by Dennstedt for Panicum italicum, and Roxburgh, who
considered his P. spicatum to be the Linnean H. spicatus, has followed Linnaeus
in quoting Flukenet, tab. 32, fig. 4, which has a more compact and cylindrical
spike than is here represented.
OMISSIONS IN VOL. IV.
Tab. 22. (Add as synonymous) Munchausia ovata. St. HH*
Tab. 33. (Add as a note).
Misquoted by Poiret, in his Supplement to Lamarck's Illustrations, for Hard-
wickia binata of Roxburgh.
ERRATA.
Vol. v. t. 32. For Caturus speciflorus, read spiciflorus.
48 and 52. For Gomphia awgustifolia, read angustifolia.
vi. t. 28. For Apama siluosa, read silfquosa.
x. t. 48. For Tiaridium velutinnm, read velutinum.
xi. t. 34. For Pontaderia, read Pontederia.
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