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THEFAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA
INCLUDING
CEYLON AND BURMA.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF
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THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA,
CEYLON AND BURMA.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY O1}
SvaTeE For Inpra rn Covncit.
EDITED BY LT.-COL. C. T. BINGHAM.
RHYNCHOTA.—Vol. ITI.
(HETEROPTERA—HOMOPTERA)
BY
W. L. DISHAN T.
iON DOWN:
TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
CALCUTTA anp SIMLA: BOMBAY:
THACKER, SPINK, & CO. | THACKER & CO., LIMITED,
|
BURMA: | BERLIN:
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RANGOON. | 11 CARLSTRASSE.
1906.
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET,
LipRart +7
PREFACHE.
Wirn the conclusion of this the third volume of the
Rhynchota, the account of the Indian insects belonging to
that Order is carried to the end of the family Fulgoride.
The preparation of this volume has been an arduous piece
of work, as the insects described in it are obscure and
little known. More especially does this apply to the
forms included in the Fulgoride. The admirable classifi-
cation of this family initiated by Stal and continued by
Dr. Melichar, of Vienna, left untouched a large amount of
‘material that had to be examined and worked out.
Though it is hoped that the present volume will throw
much additional light on the natural sequence and affinities
of the minor groups of this family, it must yet be borne
in mind that the work as a whole is primarily designed
for collectors in India as an aid to the identification of
insects, which, though probably numerous enough in that
country and of economic importance, have not been much
collected or observed. This poimt the Author, Mr. Distant,
has again and again referred to in the following pages.
This is the first volume of the Handbooks on the Fauna
of British India published since the death of Dr. Blanford,
under whose Editorship the series was initiated and carried
on for over twenty years. The many obituary notices that
have appeared in the publications of the learned and scientific
a2
1v PREFACE.
societies fully testify to the great value of the work done
by him during a long and strenuously productive life, and
to the Joss that science has sustained by his death. To
few, however, will that loss be personally so great as to
those who under his direction were working for the Fauna
of India series.
As his successor it will be my endeavour to carry on the
work on the lines laid down by him.
In conclusion I may add that previous to Dr. Blanford’s
death the sanction of the Secretary of State for India had
been accorded to the preparation of the following volumes,
in addition to this one on the Rhynechota now published.
Three volumes on various groups of Beetles, a second
volume on the Butterflies, and a volume on the Land-Shells
of India.
The last-mentioned work had been undertaken by Dr.
Blanford himself and a portion of it prepared. The vun-
finished MS. is now in the hands of Col. Godwin-Austen,
who, as Blanford’s intimate friend and co-worker with him
on the Mollusca of India, has kindly undertaken to complete
the volume.
Quite lately also sanction has been accorded to the
preparation of a volume on the Phytophagous Beetles by
Mr. M. Jacoby, the well-known specialist on that group.
Of these various volumes of the Series, a half-volume on
the Longicorn Beetles and the volume on the Butterflies
will, it is hoped, be ready for publication in the current
year.
C. T. BINGHAM.
February 1906.
SYSTEMATIC INDEX,
Order RHYNCHOTA
Suborder Heteroptera ....
Fam. 17. ANTHOCORIDZ..
Subfam. 1. Anthocorine ..
ee OstorodiaswO)isieer rr. oe
1. contubernalis, Dist. ..
2, Arnulphus, Dist.........
aber) ieee eee ee
. Amphianews,-D7st. .11.. :
1. fulvescens, Walk.
4, Lippomanus, Dist. .
lS HIPsucnss est. cele -
5. Euspudeeus, Ret. ....
1. funebris, Wotsch.
. Sesellius, Dist.
J. parallelus, Motsch. ..
. Odontobrachys, F%eb. ....
MR UIB OR, CCD lar e's eo 5
» Gmphileps, MEG... sin...
1. tantilus, Wetsch.
co
sjrave}fat eee le
(oy SiH)
Subfam. 2. Microphysine....
1. Pachytarsus, Fieb. ......
1. crassicornis, Fieb. ....
2, Cyrtosternum, Fred.
1. flavicorne, Fed.
Fam, 18. PoLycTENID= ..
1. Polyctenes, Westw. &
EDINA ten Ot D ee
lo Wet Syl AC ae
Wo) GO WDNANN OO Or Ov Ot He He Co CO CO LO
10
10
11
| Subfam. 2
Fam. 19. PELOGONID= ..
Subfam. 1. Pelogoning......
1. Pelogonus, Latr..:.......
1. marginatus, Latr.
. Mononychine
it ee Lap.
1. serratus, Montand. ..
2, indicus, Atkins.......
3. grossus, Montand.....
a et
Ham 20s NnPrpan eee ae
1. Laccotrephes, Sta .
AE erODUSHUS ST ISEOU 55012 cis12 re
Ob auillsyerey SOUP) ppopase
3. maculatus, Fadr.
. Ranatra, Fabr. ...
elongata, Fabr. ......
. chinensis, Mayr
.feana, Montand.......
. filiformis, 2abr. .. 2. an
. sordidula, Dohrn
s pracwis; Deal... 5 se.
: Cercotmetus, Amy. § Serv.
ue EUIMOSULSS IUSE cereals
2. MUL PES, Awe a6 heise
bo
2) OV 09 LO
Co
Fam. 21. NAucoRID2...
Subfam. 1. Chetrocheline .
1. Cheirochela, Hope
1. feana, Montand. ;
2, assamensis, Hope ....
2. Gestroiella, Montand.
1. limnocoroides, Mon-
tand.
Ce
15
14
vi SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Subfam. 2. Laccocorine
1. Diaphorocoris, Montand. .
ik punctatissimus, Kirby .
2. Heleocoris, Sfa7 ......-.
. strabus, Montand.....
. breviceps, Montand...
. bergrothi, Montand. . .
. leviceps, Montand. ..
. elongatus, Montand.. .
_ indicus, Montand.....
. obliquatus, Spzn. ce
8. Pacuta, Spm. .....-.-
3. Ctenipocoris, Montand..
1. asiaticus, Wontand,
NIG Ol 09 LOR
Subfam. 3. Naucorin@......
1. Thurselinus, Dest. if
1. greeni, Dist. ........
Fam. 22. BELOSTOMATIDE ..
1. Nectocoris, Mayr ......
stali, Mayr. ccc
_ Spherodema, Lappe oe
1. annulatum, Fabr. ....
2. rusticum, Fabr.......
bo
Belostoma, Taare:
ee)
1. indicum, Lep. & Serv. .
Fam. 23. NoTONECTIDZ2...
Subfam. 1. Notonectine
leaNotonectas nits
Me montandoni, Azrk..
2. glauca, ie ea es
Oeahinithares, Spins. tos
Heindicas Labi Gi cyte:
2. marginata, Feb.
3. lineatipes, Fore.
4, templetoni, Avr ey
5. pater Guer.
9. Reber Kirk. chon
3. niveus, Fabr. ..
Subfam. 2. Pleine
ee leawlicacha mcm aneeee
Ae litunabaseleeb. ccs ois
Oo -trontalis, eb, =. 5.2. :
3. pallescens, Dist.......
4. buenoi, Azrk
| Fam. 1. C1capIpz
| Fam. 24. Cortxipx
La Coriay Geoffre vac soko
1. hieroglyphica, Duf. ..
2, Micronecta, Kirk.
1, striata, Fred.
| 2. haliploides, Horv. ....
Suborder Homoptera
Subfam. 1. Cicadine........
Div. 1. Polyneuraria
1. Platypleura, Amy. § Serv.
\buto, Walks Wo sacce
: mackinnoni, IOVS 5 3.0 c
polite, Vale exec tee
.cervina, Walk.
. basialba, Walk
. celebs, Stal
SWwiatsOnty D7stam ee mere
. westwoodi, Std/......
. basi-viridis, Walk.
10. sphinx, Walk.
11. capitata, Ole.
12. hampsoni, Dist
By EMIpN, JUHI: 5 oogoane
14. octoguttata, Fabr
15. andamana, Dist
16. nobilis, Germ.
17. insignis, Dist..
ks}, Loynolin, IOI Soscoeac
9} assamensis, Atkins,
. Pyena, Amy. § Serv
1. repanda, Linn.
. Angamiana, Dist.
1. xwtherea, Dost.
. Polyneura, Westw
1. ducalis, Westw
OONIMoF WNW
oe ee eee
o° #00
allay! oka (o
Bile [evens ee
bo
ere cevcelele
co
i
ee ee eee
Oieelerie.:el ae
Div. 2. Tacuaria
il ae Amy. § Serv..
1. mearesiana, Westw. ..
2. melanoptera, White ..
3. montivaga, Dist.
AM Gln UMA Gascoode
5, splendida, Dist.......
Div. 3. Cicadaria
Io Ieuan, JDO Gono coon
Lenni xcbay, CAC OY echt te
2. germana, Dist.
SYSTEMATIC INDEX,
Page
pee sao) mpana, Stél .... 80 |
1. corvus, Walk. : 81
2. edwardsi, Kirk....... 82
3. intermedia, Gs sas, Oe
A. acuta, Stgm. 5..... . 8&3
O.tecta, Walks 2......¢ 8d
6. limborgi, Dist. Sear ss!
7.insularis, Dist. ...... 85
Sh WER, JOR 6 bean be oes 85
9. exalbida, Dist. ...... 86
10. varicolor, Dist....... 86
Div. 4. Dundubiaria 87
1. Leptopsaltria, St@7...... 89
1. tuberosa, Sign. ...... 89
2. samia, Walk......... 90
3. andamanensis, Dist... 90
My deen, JONG Soo gsnc0boe 91
l. tigrina, Walk. ...... 91
2. tigroides, Walk. ae o2
Sh inane, JOO 6 seseono 92
4, guttularis, Walk. .... 98
5. Dundubia, Amy. § Serv. . 94
1. mannifera, Zinn. 94
2. emaaatura, Dist. 95
5. intemerata, Walk..... 96
4. Cosmopsaltria, Stal 96
1. oopaga, Dist. ..... 97
DACs ean ee oe 98
3. andersoni, Dist....... 98
Sh aby IO Sas on gee Onn 99
1. nicomache, Walk..... 99
My, Myelin, JOWSE. 5 on jac 100
6. Platylomia, Std@/........ 100
leamictase Dist aen eee 101
2. vibrans, Walk. ...... 101
oe similis, 27sh. . 3.25. ee 102
4. larus, Walk. ........ 102
5. nagarasingna, Dist. .. 103
Gauimibratane/ Distasi sae 103
7. assamensis, Dist. . 104
ShiradhaneDrsta se ateoe 105
9. saturata, Walk. ...... 105
OF iculnea Dis sees. 106
fee Meine OD isE so aie a 107
J. tripurasura, Dist. .... 107
2. tavoyana, Dist. ...... 108
3. gamameda, Dist. .... 108
AS OUPR A eM Siay farce ene se 109
5. silhetana, Dist. ....,. 109
6. microdon, Walk. 110
So Romponin, Stal og oa. el
ehuisca Olsen soci. «8 fel
meleeten. Masts s+ ctsics - 3 112
3. intermedia, Dist. .... | 112
Page
Al ollie, JOG, ob ac 114
Ov thalia, WW Glee 22 ovis... 114
Ge SURYA LIES so) ale aha verte « 115
De Nola isis nrvgse ween 115
[@bindusanaDvsis. = yee 115
AyScitwla, LSet. «te 116
10. Oncotympana, Std@/...... TVG
lobnubilas Ose secon 117
2 expansa, Maik... +... 118
3. melanoptera, Dist. .. 119
Tel Mata eDiets she sees 119
Tikamay ist, “29. 25. 120
Div. 5. Lahugadaria . 120
TS Lahugada; Dusty a. 2 ee 121
idohertyiy Distaeceme a: 121
Subfam. 2. Geanineg........ 122
Div, I. Cicadatraria...... 122
ie Bmathiay Sigs) ees oes ce 123
il eecrota, idl horn tee 124
2. Rustia, Miilooowoconveee 124
1. dentivitta, Walk. .... 125
2. tiorina, ish. . oe ses 125
3.) Lerpnosiay Lists... ay as 126
Ts psecas; Malka os scar 126
2. stipata, Walk. ...... 127
3}, Gomis, JOG. coo ao ac 128
4, ransonneti, Dist. .... 128
DEIGLOsMV Clog 4 cin ese 129
Grabdullahy DrstouseeO
7. madhava, Dist. ...... 180
Sycollma ystems 130
9. maculipes, Walk. .... 131
NO, erase, JOSS Boacecoc 131
4, Cicadatra, Amyot -...... 152
de sankana, iste. ooo. 132
DEEXATIGES a VViLlce eee Bs}
Sh MED, VHS 5 e556. 134
Leroi 0,5 aes ee Agee Poe ae 134
WV. queerula, Pall» cen. 135
2. rugipennis, Walk. .... 1386
St mele, JOVIE, oSonoecac 156
6. Caleagninus, Dist. ...... 137
1. picturatus, Dist. .... 137
2. nilgiriensis, Dist. .... 138
f (Grogs, JON, oo ccocccud 138
1. marginata, Dist. .... 139
Sikimbyas Pst. oss. 2 Sele 159
1. evanescens, Walk..... 139
DY, (ouansenis OKT 6 Gas doc 140
Bh Slt IDA, 6 458600 o60¢ 14]
4. diminuta, Walk. Pe LA
Vill SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Om Lethama, Dist: is ap.'.-
1. locusta, Walk. .....
NO), IB JONG, 66000000006
1. singularis, Walk. ...
Divs 2s Geanariay caine.
Ils Gas Amy. § Serv..
. maculata, Drury
7
. sulphurea, Hope
Ore Cok
iS)
Beinn, Dist. ens
1. octonotata, MWestw.
2. tenebricosa, Dist. ...
3. delinenda, Dist...
wn
QO
Div. 3. Moganniaria
oot
a
; cyanea, Walk.
. éffecta, 1D: st.
eee
Subfam. 3. Tibicinine .....
2, Bion acicus, Dist.
bo
2. thoracica, Dist...
3. heematica, Dist......
Scieroptera, Si@/.......
1. splendidula, Fabr.....
2..crocea, Guér. .......
3. fumigata, Stal .....
eo
Div. 2; Carinetaria.....
eiareniane) (stam nee
IE ERAGE TOMI Aras ony og
Div. 3. Tibicinaria
ls Lem ngIe, JOU so kobe ac
ile lacteipennis, Walk.
BACASV APD LIS a cw.
3. reticulata, Dist... ...
stellata, Walk. .. i ;
5 fncounxonl YOM 5 od o06
. festiva, nbn Dae Genes
Mallaanora, 0180.5 ane aes
lV. binghann,, “Dist... .
Mogannia, Amy. § Serv. .
COMICR ACMI Wa ais act:
} funebris, SECU
E obliqua, W “alle i. “
Gaviridis,/S7g7" si. nei
: Huechys, Amy. & Serv...
1. sanguinea, De Geer ..
jt
Or
Or
bm ee pe
St Or Or Or Or Or Or Ot Or
COONAN O HD or
Page
Div. 4. Map h urjarva sen 164
1, Noni, SW osccce0006 165
1. maculicollis, Guér..... 165
2. bengalensis, Dist. .... 166
5. nubifurca, Walk. .... 166
De Ibenmimentn, JOVTns oo0000¢ 166
pa picalisyyGreri7ts ayeterka 167
By Lennala, JDU> conc oobnot 168
Il, Bienen, JOVI, Gaoooe 168
ID Sy IPARIONSRIMIAY Ss 66 od oS 168
De a@yumibiliva, WStC0 ewe tes 169
ISsubvittay Walia... 169
Div. 6. Chlorocystaria.... 170
1, Kumanga, stn cee 170
1. sandaracata, Dest. .... 170
Div. 7. Melampsaltaria .. 171
1. Melampsalta, Amycet .... 171
IGM, COW 56055 6 172
9; continuata, Dist. .... 172
3} Ibis, JOOS, 65040 00 6 173
Zs Pauropsalta, God. § Frogg. 174
1. exequata, Dist. ...... 174
ame 2) HoLuGORID Zn ae heer 175
Subfam. 1. Fulgorine ...... 178
Div. 1. Laternariaria .... 178
is yrOpsa Suton trv 179
ladchimi Sta] eee 180
2. chinensis, Dist. ...... 181
3. chennelli, Dist; ..>... 182
4 atimis, PV est1u:) ta. ok 182
2. Bulcorasliann cece cee oo 182
1. candelaria, Ziv. .... 183
2. viridirostris, West... 185
3. spinole, Westw....... 185
4. lathburi, Wm. Kirby. . 186
5. connectens, Atkins. .. 186
6. oculata, Westw....... 187
7. pyrorhyncha, Don. .. 188
Se: kurenias ist. ..5).. ses 188
OFmaculatas Ofte aan. 189
10. delesserti, Guér....... 189
11. andamanensis, Dist. .. 190
iD LOC CTS ots eae ee 190
3. clavata, Westw....... 191
Sb shill, JOUNG aooooccos boc 192
1. gemmata, Westw. .... 192
Do MOC ctes -LDtat erie 193
3 bullata, iste... aoe 194
SYSTHBMATIC INDEX,
Page
4. guttulata, Westw..... 194 | 3. manifesta, Dist.......
5. cardinalis, Butl...... 195 | 4, apicata, Dist. ........
G. cocemea, Walk. .... «. 195 De SPMOsA, MAGE. se. «
7. insularis, Kirby ...... 196 6. tomentosa, Fubr. ;
8. virescens, Westw. .... 196 7. apicalis, Walk. ......
4. Aleathous, Stal ........ 197 8. dilatata, Walk. ......
Mecialis SSG7E so hue 197 9. rubricincta, Walk. ...
| moe AMevrR He ck. vin 6
Div. 2. Aphanaria ...... 198 | 1, appendiculata, White . 225
1, Homalocephala, Spin, .. 199 |, 2. histrionica, Stal... ...
1. festiva, Fabr......... 199 | 3 Messena, Std/ ..........
PP Wimois Sta) oo. 200 Bo iMNSUB, LBee oe
1, westwoodi, Hope .... 200 2. nebulosa, Sédl .......
3. Aphana, Guér. ...... -. 901 3, punctifera, Walk. ....
1. farinosa, Weber ...... 201 4. radiata, Dist. ........
2, nicobarica, Stdl...... 202 5. crudelis, Westw. .....
3. atomaria, Weber .... 2038 6. sinuata, Atkins ser geerwita
4, pulchella, Guér....... 903 | 4. Nicidus, Sé@7 ..........
5. variegata, Guér....... 204 1. fusco-nebulosus, Sta. .
6. caja, Walk........... Dou) yon Thessiine Wiiaik.eone ee
7. dimidiata, Hope ..... WS 1. insignis, Westw. one
PSH 205 |, 2 migro-notatus, Stal... .
l. imperialis, White .... 205 6, Loxocephala, Schaum....
2, punicea, Hope ...... 206 1. weruginosa, Hope .
3, delicatula, White .... 207 2.decora, Walk. ......
ARiMeN Glicrmentouses . 207 3. castanea, Dist. ......
Dre Bauphria, Stas ssc s 207 7. Nesis, Sia ......+.....
1. aurantia, Hope ...... 208 1. tricolor, Walk. ......
2. apicata, Dist......... 209 | _ 2. versicolor, Dist. .....
3, submaculata, Westw... 209 | > Brutis, Stal slGicys paaestine
4, consanguinea, Dist. .. 210 I. pulchra, Gray ......
5. burmanica, Dist. .... 210 9, Purusha ?
6. relata, Dist. ........ 210 1. reversa, Hope........
Gadissimillisy Pst, ss... 211
_ 8. amabilis, Hope ...... 211 | Subfam. 3. Dictyopharine
Gu Walidasasekariom sae een PAP)
1, sanguinalis, Westw... 212 I; Dichoptera; Spin. 2)...
2. nigro-maculata, Gray . 218 1. hyalinata, Fadr.......
3. paulinia, Sign. ...... 215 2. hampsoni, Dist.......
A. albiflos, Walk, ...... 214 3. nubila, Dist. ........
DO. dives, Walk: ...... <> 214 Dy Pibrochaehrics cs sols. -
doe Gebenna, Seal nc l.o 26: 214 1. egregia, Kirby. ......
il. sylv ia, SECT ece es hha 915 3 Aluntia, ISGUUS net croatia
8. Polydicty By GUERE oe es 215 1. ramosa, Melich.......
Wi. basalts, Guérs. .... . 216 4, Dictyophara, Germ.
2.0 negrito, WS Gee ke. 5 4 BLY 1. nigrimacula, Walk.
3. alinis, AthAB! oo. 217 2, nilgiriensis, Dist. ;
A. tricolor, Westw....... 217 3. pallida, Don. ........
Oe EISEN On ile <2 je 218 4, sauropsis, Walk.
6. pantherina, Gerst..... 218 5. walkeri, Atkins.......
Gi lineata) O71 citeneers
Subfam. 2. Eurybrachydine.. 219 . Ae one ie Be k :
1. Eurybrachys, Guér. .... 220 2. maculata, Dist. ......
1. lepelletieri, Guér...... 220 Gi Miasa. D186 x03 Fis mice evo is
Peavemustar StL . vs. <. - 221 1. smaragdilinea, Walk. . :
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
7. Udugama, Melich. ......
1. splendens, Germ.
8. Centromeria, Sta/
1. speilinea, Walk. .....
as (Ke) NANCE IO DRY A ete
3. Viridistigma, Airby
4. simulata, Dist. ......
9. Dictyopharina, Melich.
J. vinidissima, Melich.
2. consanguinea, Dist.
10. Symplana, Kirby ......
1. viridinervis, Avrby....
Subfam. 4. Civdine
ile Saat ISLET eed cee ne
1. walkeri, Stal ........
2, stigma, Motsch.......
5. tabrobanensis,
4, caudatus, Walk.
5. fusconebulosus, Dist.. .
3, punctipennis, Dist.
Cis Line ony nie
le pilifer , Melich.
22
ts
Bs AWIEY JONG: nooo nacos oe
1. fuliginosa, Dist. ....
al Iiehy JONG be aaauo we
1. semihyalina, Dist. ....
5. Kirbyana, Melich. ......
1. pagana, Melich.......
6. Mundopa, Dist.
1. cingalensis, Dist.
Beier, JOU Ain 6.6 boc
Buaoh wines Osis Gane Ser
- Gohentya. Diste -. soe
; fasciata, 103 sie tore toaeoyecs
. Ptoleria, Stal Mer esas
1. arcuigera, Stal
8. Barma, Dist.
Or we CO LS +
“J
On Gch OlOROIOLD
9. Chroneba, St@l ........
1. pallifrons, St@/
Melandeva, Dist.
1. ocellata, Dist
11. Brixia, Sta
OOo o.0.0
iO On) OO. Ore
. meander, Walk.
. tortriciformis, Kirby.
. albomaculata, Dist. ..
. flav omaculata, LOD
Subfam. 5. Tropiduchine.
1, Hiracia, Walk.
1. walkeri, Sign.
2. Karna, Dist.
1. karenia,
OU oo KO
eee ree oe
ale) (e/halseite,
Melich.
Page
249
249
250
250
951
251
252
252
253
253
254.
254.
255
956
256
257
957
258
958
259
259
260
260
961
961
261
962
2962
963
263
264
264
265
255
265
266
266
266
267
2967
268
268
269
970
270
S) ad il
D7 1
972
10. Paruzelia, Melich.
1. psyllomorpha, Melich. .
11. Gen. ?
Subfam. 6.
Subfam. 7.
+) ManmabiniayStalac sees
1. languida, Stal
2. inconspicua, Dist. ....
. debilis, Stal
qmaculosa Dist.n. cries
. rufoornata, Stal ....
s atrosignata, Dist.
; capitata, Dist.
4, Oe Motsch.
1. dimidiata, Motsch.
5. Stiborus, Melich.
1. viridis, Melich.
6. Leusaba, Walk.
I. rufitarsis, Aorby......
Stacota, Stal
1. breviceps, Walk.
8. Epora, Walk.
Dsubbtilise: Wialicn oe
O) Iban, JOE 6 5.0 oo ao
1. albosignata, Dist. ...
Co
> Ory co t
ano OF OsG.
eile) (6) 1s) ee) lel /e/ leis,
ieanelieharinD2shaces oie
Achilin@........
ee MarentinwScalaeieetser ,
1. pustulata, Walk.
2. Vekunta, Dist.
1. tenella, Melich. ......
2. punctula, Melich.
Kamara, Ostia. seers
1. ceylonica, Melich.....
2. fumata, Melich.......
3. albiplaga, Dist. ......
Ay Magadha, Daste\ oj. anne
1. flavi isigna, Walk.
2. nebulosa, Dist.
Tangina, | Melich. ......
J. bipunctata, Melich.
Kosalyane Distrer yee
1. flavostrigata, Dist. ..
7. Usana, Disi. bd cat Gia, ota
1. lineolalis, Dist. 0...
co
So Ot
1. Phenice
+]
2, superba, ist. 2. nae a
3. punctativentris, Avy .
4. furcato-vittata, Stal ..
2, Pamendanga, Dist....
1. rubilinea, Dist. ...
Bh Micky JDWGE soocecuvewss
1. nitagalensis, Avrby
Page
276
276
277
27
Qr7
ail
278
278
278
279
979
280
980
280
281
281
282
982
283
283
995
296
296
297
297
298
298
299
299
300
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page |
Aly LOTAIGa, MOVs oases 00s 300
1. pterophoroides, Westw. 300 —
2. cumulata, Walk. . 801
5. ceylonica, Kirby . 301
4, lankana, Kirby ...... 302 |
5, nutivena., Ost, ....5. 302 |
6. obsoleta, Kirby ...... 803 |
7. motschoulskyi, Dist... 303 |
SOUL LOUSES die. gin v alels. a 303 |
9. eoregia, Melich....... 304 |
De saNGityn Bas ae enc 304 |
5, IDO, IO na en ood soe . 3805 |
Te Garnosa,) HW esttone-) 1 305 |
2, pennata, Drst. ga... « 506 |
6. Interamma, Walk. ...... 306
1. rubrofasciata, Melich. . 306
Ho Vii, JOS 6 eoco0anes BOM
eetaciallisty/)7s 7am tern. 308
8. Kermesia, Welich. . ; 308
l. albida, Melich so... 308
OR iNisia, Meneh.. . cwiiaet a 309
1. atrovenosa, Leth. . 309 |
2, albovenosa, Dist. .... 310 |
10. Kamendaka, Dist. ...... 310 |
I spectra, Dstiiinc. st. Sid ||
2. fuscolasciata, Dist. SIL |
11. Rhotana, Walk. Silas
1. fuscofasciata, Dist. 312
2. trimaculata, Dist...... 312
Oe VICRLCEPS, Stal. ne. sos 313 |
4, iridipennis, Melich. .. 313 —
5, albata, Mekch. ...... 313 |
Gi venOsa,;, Dust... 36. 3. 314 |
12. Vinata, Die Ge, 314
1. nigricornis, Std@/...... 314
2. nivosa, SDT reuse esc 315
13. Devadanda, Dist. ...... 316 |
1. pectinata, Dist. ...... 316
14. Gen. ?
1. crenatonervosa,Motsch, 316
Subfam. 8. Lophopine ...... 317
1. Elasmoscelis, Spin....... 518
1. platypoda, Kerby .... 318
2, lethal opne, JOU sdocob ac 319
J. radians, Aerby ... 3s 319
2. interrupta, Dist. . 320
S undulata, Dest. cyan <<. 520
ABSA Lai LIU oc ac9s 5/0) 6 321
3. Corethrura, Hope ...... eel
1. fuscovaria, Hope .... 322
Ae PyIBMA LDUEE: Yc ariclerd or. 322 |
Moreen isto i eters 5% 323 |
5, IANS SWS boc cob ooo 323
1. fuscofasciata, Stal .... 324
Page
Ga Seridan Valin oe ee tee oe 324.
Il, Veneers, IGM obceccoc 325
To Gemclls ViIGUE 6 ons e068 06c 326
1. lyeoides, Walk. ...... 526
2. aberrans, Kirby ..... (e226
3. perpusilla, Walk. .... 327
8. Brixioides, Karby ...... 327
1. carinatus, Kerby 328
Oe divatman 175i eee 323
I. metallica, Dist. ...... 329
LOM KusumaeDisteea ssa ooe
I carinatay Dist, 52.54. 30
IL, Wea, JON soooocacec &3
Tvtridenssp0esty ascii 331
123 PadandaD7staueeee eee
1. atkinsoni, Dist. ... 332
Subfamn Oy Usain eae sane 302
I Caliscelis, Laps 25. va. oa ond
Ie @yabamieys Wed! Sen cbone 334
2 Atugilan Stal: sacle pabichbscec 335
1. binghami, Dist. ...... 3386
3, TOUS codon vonncco Oe
Ile \oWWtiOy, JOG ocopccneoe Bhi
4, Brahmaloka, Dist. ...... 307
1. bowrinei, Dist)... .. By
5s Jagannata, Dost. ........ 338
eechelonia/Disaeen ao
2. maculata, Dest. . 308
Galicini cate S ic meres ae 3D
Waive, SH! oo oon coon. 340
Ye bitasciatay Distances ae 340
3. viridimixta, Dist. 340
7. Elysteropterum, Amy. &
WENO cies oe ate amasieenuae D4]
1. subfasciatum, Melich. . 341
2. fusculum, Melich. 342
8. Sarima; Melich. .......- 342
1. illibata, Melich....... 343
2. elongata, Melich. .... 343
Se cretata,y 7st svireaete 344
9. Givaka, Dist. Santina Bonar 344
lle hampsoni, DUBE ais ake 345
NOM VashnullokaneD steers 345
1. prominula, Dist. .... 345
Pp (Cen, JOH 5 5 00 do 346
IDL TREN MIAO, So nonos 5 346
1. acuminata, Melich. .. 347
12) Devagama, Drstis. 4.6. 347
We PATI Lethe vm vise chre .. 348
Dy Vienosas Usha ca seo 348
13; Narayana, Dist. 3.328. es 349
1. rusticitatis, Dis. 349
2. sellata, Melich. . 390
Xli
Page
5. piceipennis, Dist. 350
al, Thos JOE 5 accor 350
14. Samantiga, Dist. ...... 351
1. abdominalis, Dist. .... 351
151, Single Jove Geoeeeoc 352
1. limacodes, Dist....... 352
2. bipartita,-D1s6... 2. - 353
GSe SUC ASIMAR EE ISha) sec.) s ele 353
1d Wasloy JOR 5 soo coed - 353
iemlusandaaStala see eieea 354
Ne ASSIGE DS, SHB oo 0613 B54
Ish! A Woh ayess eels Cr” eemartmy etre sire 355
1. westwood, Szgr. 2 Bias
HOM Plavina. Std; « . ajvascens Bob
1. granulata, Stal ...... 357
DD Aisathi, JOG es op oboee 357
DOMINalalohitase2staeyaeter scr 358
1. eurculioides, Dist..... 558
21. Hemispheerius, Schawm .. 359
1. rufovarius, Walk. .... 359
On testaceusy Wists 2a. <4. 360
SM VITeESCENS e/IzSGa ele 360
4. secundus, Melich. .... 560
5. schaumi, Sitdl........ 361
6. nilgiriensis, Dist. 361
7. reticulatus, Dist. 361
8. elongatus, Dist....... 362
9. bipustulatus, Walk. .. 362
OL chile, Wave So ae ca 362
11. herbaceus, Avrdy . 363
LOS venosuss ists ae 365 |
22. Hemispheroides, Welich.. 364 |
1. eneoniger, Melich. 364
2. lineatus, Melich. . 064.
OEY. ledierihin, Sih Gooapaccae 365
1. ceylonensis, Stal 365
Dsionnta, L736. apes satevciss« 566
S.piceata, D7st. si... 0s —: 366
24. Pterygoma, Melich. 366
1. nasuta, Melich. ...... 366
25. Gen. ?
1. pectinipennis, Guér. .. 367
26: Egropa, Mehlich. ........ 368
itinnsta, Meenas x.).:2.3. 368
Subfam. 10. Ricaniing...... 369
Diy. 1; Ricaniinaria....... 369
1. Pochazia, Amy. § Serv... 37
1. interrupta, Walk. .... 370
DH COMMSAs el) IStae jello «ss 371
3. angulata, Kirby ...... 372
A. fuscata, Lab) 2.0.6 of
HL sstrlatas ole | ws oa: B74
G6. guttifera, Walk. .... 374
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page
7. atkinsoni, Dest... 0. 574
8. triangularis, Dist. .... 375
2.) RicamlanGerme. <a. #« 375
1. fenestrata, Fabr. .... 3:6
2. marginalis, Walk... .. 376
3. speculum, Walk. .... 377
4, mitescens, Dist. ..... 377
5. simulans, Walk. .... 378
6. bicolorata, Dist....... 378
&, zebras. hacen ee ONO
8. stupida, Walk. ...... 379
Or stioma, Walia... .aecs 380
10. pulverosa, Sidi ...... 380
11. distincta, Melich. B81
12) apicalis; Wala , 381
13. spoliata, Melich....... 382
IAS fumosa, Healiss pre 382
3. Ricanoptera, Welich. .... 382
1. inculta, Melich....... 383
2. mellerborgi, Sta? .... 383
3. polita, Melich. ...... 384
A VOPACR, stay ieee eo 584
4, Euricania, Melich....... B85
1. ocellus, Walk. ..... . 385
DaETiVieSa Olam aeerel 386
1. delecta, Melich. ...... 386
De Continis,2 ister 386
Diy. 2. Nogodiniaria.... 387
le Dety as COS etre. Gael 387
1. fusconebulosa, Dist. .. 388
We NEMOCRISUGL! Goooecobacoe 389
1. hemerobii, Walk. 389
De ears, LOND) 50006 506 390
3. kandyiana, Dist. 390
4. similata, Melich. 391
Se isachaw7s-5 ae eee 39]
Tamas aisha Bebo
Aye Ucn S20) en eee 392
1. pellucida, Guér....... 395
5. Geetulia, Stal. a. .2 + 0c 394
1. nigrovenosa, Melich... 394
6. Gen. ?
1. prominens, Walk. .... 395
(anluasonian MehGliies sore ace 395
1. kirkaldyi, Medich..... 396
Subfam. 11. Flating........ 397
Dive lePhrommiari. 2 397
I, Jeet Monaco ce 398
1. marginella, Olvv. 398
2. tricolor, White ...... 399
3. rubicunda, Dist....... 400
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Pag Page
4, flaccida, Walk. ...... A 0 HOM lates haber eae ee 427
5. montivaga, Dist. . 401 1. ocellata, Fabr. ...... 428
6. viridula, Atkins. . 40] 2. ferrugata, Fabr....... 429
7. inornata, Walk. - 4027) :
8. deltotensis, Kirby .... 402 | Div. 4. Nephesaria ...... 429
9, intacta, Walk. ...... 402 1. Melicharia,, Kirk. ...... 430
2, Ampoira Dish. ........ 403 1. quadrata, Kirby...... 43
Witypleay ast”... os 405 2. lutescens, Walk. 431
&, IDemerae, JOU Sagoo one 404 3. lactifera, Walk....... 432
1. tennentina, Walk. .... 404 2. Hilavrita, Dist: 2.2.2... 432
2. latipennis, Avrby . 405 1. trimaculata, Dist. .... 433
4. Chaturbuja, Dist. ...... 405 2. fatua, Mehichs:.....%. 455
icomma, Walkin 2.2... 406 3. Nephesa, Amy. § Serv... 484
Be. Tuechmea, Stak... ena. t 407 1. coromandelica, Spin... 434
1. dentifrons, Guér. . 407 4, Cryptoflata, Melich. .... 485
1. guttularis,, Walk. .... 485
Div.2: Cenynidaria. 12... 407 5. Nakta; Dist. .......... 436
Te (Gasatiss SOE oe ee ge cd rere ese iteaeasnie *
1. maria, White.......... BOOM gid aaron qr oe Oe a
Dy Copsymnawystade mci. OOM | pa eon ee a ib coset. 3)
=e ORS ee aie 410 |. @ PejasaeDishace. sa). aoe 438
I. ae rae ae eS ii, | J umibratay Dist. eee. 458
ce case ete et Gia] Ory Melee ce. 439
. ’ JEG, «0 0 010 © e060 | ‘ = Si €
4 Beeps ans Wehkch... 419 1. truncata, Linn. ...... 439
1. circulata, Guér....... 412 | Div. 5. Selizaria ......., 440
ue ; ; TE eliza: Shai. chine 440
Die oy It lehsenens) geaas se see 413 iL. vidua, SERIA be ee oe 44]
1. Phyllyphanta, Amy. § 2. ferruginea, Waik..... 44]
CRU hitwer cs git, ake 414 3. partita, Melich....... 442
1. andamanensis, Dist. .. 414 4, truncata, Walk....... 442
2. albopunctata, Kirby .. 415 5. nigropunctata, Kirby .’ 443
3. sinensis, Walk. ...... 415 2a Gomed ane) sya ee 443
4. angulifer a, Walk: .... 416 1. abdominalis, Kirby .. 444
2. Palastyary Dist. 2.55.5 417 | 3. Farona, Melich. ........ 444
1. acutipennis, Kerby.... 417 1. fuscipennis, Melich. .. 445
Sesalumnisy Stal eae ee ae 418 | 4. Ketumala, Dist......... 446
1. marginellus, Guér. .. 418 | I. bisecta, Karby ...... 446
SP UNIOTIMIS 19 2Sta. oes) 2) AUQE: ey dae AMA yn Sia ere 447
Zk ABA VIO Os 419 | 1. mesochlora, Walk. .. 447
1. contracta, Dist....... 419 | 2. spectra, Dist. ........ 448
S Moawans, Dist o.oo... «: 420 | 6. Gen.?
1. conspersa, Walk. .... 420 | 1. ambrosa, Melich. .... 448
De PAGIAtA POISE. Ry yoteie js < 421 | 2. albicosta, Melich. 448
3. bicarinata, Dist. . 421 | 5. proxima, Melich. 449
6. Scarpantina, Melich..... 422 | ;
1. bimaculata, Dist. .... 422 | Div. 6. Flatoidesaria .... 449
2. modesta, Dest. ...... ADS) eh WeNtracis, Sia) 4 bons eee 450
fe Colobesthes, Amy. §& Serv. 423 indicat Walk, s22.8 2 450
il ete Cavielaw Gaseien te sea oe 424 | 2. munita, Melich....... 451
SeeWakchase estan ene a. 425 3. emersoniana, Walk. 451
1. marginata, Walk. .... 425 4, nietneri, Stal ........ 452
Wesacapa, L18b. ooo jeer «es 426 5. consanguinea, Dist. .. 453
ieesiculase Distance 426 | 6. erosipennis, S#Z/ 453
2. granulosa, Dist. ...... 427 7. moelleri, Dist. ...... 454
XIV
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page | Page
8. perplexa, Walk....... 455 | 7. Nilaparvata, Dist. ...... 473
9. himalayana, Dist. .... 455 | eereent, Ls. a. preais or 473
1ONeretacea, Dist./...... 406: “Salina Distes rome ae 474
1]. fimbria, Walk. ...... 457 | 1. aculeata, Dist. 474
12einsularis, Mest, ee 458 | 9. Sardia, Melich. ..:..... 475
13. conspurcata, Melich... 458 1. rostrata, Melich. ..... 475
14, insurgens, Melich .... 458 , 10. Orchesma, Melich. ...... 476
2. Flatoides, Guér......... 459 | 1. marginepunctata, We-
1. servus, MWelich. ...... 459 © EG ces, SCR ea 477
SOAR IEE. vse ree 460 | 2. serendiba, Melich. .... 477
ldetinitiva, ist: 4... 4.460") eiSmarase Dest) eeeee ee 478
2. inconspicua, Kirby.... 461 | il) ACBL DIST enna aie 478
ST faClalis Disten soa e 462 | 2, ALTA este eens 479
A, subtilis, Meltch....... 462 | 12. Dicranotropis, Fe). 479
A EBOCHATA. LIS. weet 465 1. nigropunctatus, Wotsch, 480
UI PAE V8) HOTU Yen. woke ter eae A635) 15. Iiburnia, Stal sae 480
2; mebulosas 2st. s2hiae 464 | 1. fumipennis, Melich. .. 481
5. Gen. ? 2. venosa, Motsch....... 481
Iijlymeea, G09 ae geile 464 3. minutula, Melich. ..., 482
4. alboguttata, MWelich. .. 482
Q 5) . a 5. albicollis, Motsch. .... 483
Subfam. 12. Delphacine .... 465 | Gifrontanayiren ” 4g4
1. Paranda, Melich. ....... 466 | 7. psylloides, Leth....... 484
1. globiceps, Melich. ... 466 | 8. unistrigosa, Motsch. .. 485
2. Pundaluoya, Kirk. ...... A67 | 9. sordescens, Motsch. .. 486
le ernestl, ORM s 0650008 467 10. pallidula, Melich. . 486
2. simplex, Kirby ...... 468 11; flavida, Melch. > ee 487
SMSIMPlICIA, CILSE arene 468 | 12. albomarginata, Melich. 487
See pachara e751 amen ater. 469 13. furcifera, Horv....... 487
Ue Gene, JOU Socnoooe 469 |} 14. marginalis, Motsch. .. 488
AL, JetiRolMnnins JOU Gauaone 470 | 15. coloratus, Jlotsch. .... 488
lis (eera piney, JOT es ar tn ae 470 | 14. Mestus, Motsch. ........ 489
De HOGA, IEE I o.505:-Gte oe « 471 | J. morio, Motsch. ...... 489
Idohertyi, Lest.0 rns 471 2, testaceus, Motsch..... 490
CO var Dest inser dren cleerenere 472 | 15. Eodelphax, Kirk. ...... 490
1. attenuata, Dist....... 472 1. serendiba, Kirk. ..... 49]
ERRATA,
Page 70. Line 9 from top for “t. xi.” read “t, ii.”
90, 124 & 1381. Date of J. A. 8. B. liii is 1885.
.. 108. Line 16 from bottom for “ ganameda,” read gamameda.”
4 UIP a ee 3 LORS sci vauren de texvac
Peelilisy: Os Sy LOMeKIVAs read! Sosxvee
118. ca peliGi eee Po) tore svecereacluc cami
OSes Ole , for “ransonetti,” read “ransonneti.”
167. , 18 top for ‘( 1864),” read “ (1884).”
WA 18 & 20 from bottom for ‘(1825),” read “ (1857).”
188. , 7 from top for “‘lyii,” read “ vii.”
222, ., 4 = ,, bottom for “324,” read “683.”
943, eel So : for “13,” read * 184.”
mi, Boys Fy LOnmexIwemrencwcnta
Order RHYNCHOTA.
Suborder HETEROPTERA.
Family ANTHOCORID.
Tus family comprises a number of small insects, and is allied to
the Capside, from which it may be at once separated by the
structure of the hemelytra, which contain an embolium.
Very little is still known as regards the species of British
India. Dr. Reuter, who published a monograph ef the family
in 1884, included only two species from our fauna with which he
was acquainted, though he referred to two others described by
Motschulsky and three by Fieber, which he had not seen. Of
these latter five little-understood species, four are now figured in
the following pages. Walker described three species: of these
one belongs to the family Lygeide, and the other two represent
one species.
In framing the synopsis of the following genera I have adhered
to Reuter’s classification in subfamilies ; if I have not followed his
other divisional characters, it is for the reason that my available
material is insufficient either in quantity or condition to discriminate
the smaller characters on which he relies. Besides which, this
series of volumes is intended for the use of Indian naturalists
rather than to serve the purposes of a universal monograph.
Synopsis of Subfamilies.
A. Rostrum three-jointed ; tarsi with two or three
[Ola Ales 2 cokes Gene nO nao Orato ar. Anthocorine.
B. Rostrum four-jointed ; tarsi with two joints.. Aicrophysine.
Subfamily I. ANTHOCORIN A.
Anthocorina, Reut, Act. Soc. Sci, Fenn. xiv, pp. 557, 558 (1885).
For the discrimination of this subfamily I rely chiefly on
Reuter’s first-mentioned character, viz. the three-jointed rostrum.
As regards the tarsi, I recognize both those with two and three
joints, and not only those with three joints as restricted in his
diagnosis by Reuter.
VOL. III. B
bo
ANTJIOCORID &.
Synopsis of Genera.
A Antenne wholly, or with the apical joints,
longly pilose or setose.
a. Anterior femora broadly thickened, spinose
Perestle deicc - rare lete patee ols s oc'+ aiiclenonenene OsTORODIAS, p. 2.
b. Anterior femora not prominently incrassated.
a. Head long and slender, longer than breadth
including eyes .........++-- Sshe eee cones ARNULPHUS, p. 5.
6. Head about as long as breadth including
eyes.
a’. Body above more or less longly pilose
or setose.
a?, Anterior margin of pronotum about
half the width of posterior margin ;
lateral margins of corium a little
COMVCR Tee ee teT creme tole relereseeiel AMPHIAREUS, p. 4.
62, Anterior margin of pronotum about
one-third the width of posterior
margin; lateral margins of corium
concavely sinuate .............. LIPPOMANUS, p. 9.
b'. Body above neither prominently pilose
MOT SGLOSE 4 ays) ss ce hatte a eiee Evspup£vs, p. 5.
B. Antenne neither pilose nor setose.
a. Anterior and posterior femora strongly in-
crassate and spinose beneath.......... .. SESELLIUS, p. 6,
b. Anterior femora, only, thickened and spinose lipeede
LerGehl Wen obec nes oobocgoaucic Gakonk ... ODONTOBRACHYS,
c, Femora neither thickened nor spinose...... TRIPHLEPS, p. 8.
Genus OSTORODIAS.
Ostorodias, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 219 (1904).
Type, O. contubernalis, Dist.
Distribution. N.W. Himalayas.
Elongate, subdepressed ; head broad, not columnar, about as
broad (including eyes) as long ; antenne four-jointed, first joint
moderately thickened, not reaching apex of head, second joint
thickened, about as long as head, third and fourth shorter, sub-
equal in length and longly setose; rostrum robust, three-jointed,
first joint not quite reaching base of head, second joint about
as long as first, but more slender, third joint short, about reaching
anterior cox; eyes subprominent; pronotum with a narrow
obsolete anterior collar and a raised central longitudinal carination,
on each side of which the surface is laterally deflected and dis-
tinctly foveate, anterior margin about half the width of posterior
margin, which is concavely sinuate ; scutellum long, subtriangular
with two profound basal fovez at base; corium with the margins
subparallel, the cuneus large and semicircular; membrane als
four subparallel veins; tarsi apparently three-jointed, as can be
seen from three indifferent specimens; anterior femora broadly
thickened, spinose beneath.
ARNULPHUS. 3
1472. Ostorodias contubernalis, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 219
(1904).
Black; corium sordidly strami-
neous, cuneus pale piceous, mem-
brane smoky hyaline; apices of
femora and the whole of the tibize
and tarsi dull stramineous; head
and pronotum obscurely punctate,
the latter faintly transversely stri-
gose ; scutellum obscurely punctate ;
hemelytra finely tomentose; other
structural characters as in generic
diagnosis.
Length 34 millim.
Hab. N.W. Himalayas (£. P.
Stebbing, Brit. Mus.).
Fig. 1. In galleries of the beetle Poly-
Ostorodias contubernalis. graphus sp. in spruce-fir (Stebbing).
Genus ARNULPHUS.
Arnulphus, Dist. 4. M. N. #. (7) xiv, p. 220 (1904).
Type, A. aterrimzus, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Elongate, subdepressed ; head somewhat long and _ slender,
longer than breadth including eyes ; rostrum three-jointed, first
and second joints incrassate, first short,
second much the longest, third slender,
about reaching the anterior coxz ; an-
tenn four-jointed, finely hirsute, first
joint shortest, second, third, and fourth
joints almost subequal in length ; pro-
notum with a wide anterior collar,
before which it is also medially con-
stricted, anterior about half the breadth
of posterior margin, which is strongly
concavely sinuate ; scutellum mode-
rately gibbous at base; membrane with
three (perhaps four) longitudinal veins ;
femora moderately incrassated; tarsi
two-jointed ; cuneus somewhat large
and prominent.
the 1473. Arnulphus aterrimus, Dist. A,
12, Le ehta 99) f
Arnulphus aterrimus. fel OG ee Oe
Shining black; corium brownish-
ochraceous, the cuneus black ; legs, antennze, and lateral margins
B2
+ ANTHOCORID 2.
of corium finely hirsute ; head, pronotum, and scutellum glabrous ;
apical area of scutellum transversely strigose ; apices of the in-
termediate and posterior tibie and the tarsi stramineous; other
structural characters as in generic diagnosis.
~ Length 4 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karennee.
Genus AMPHIAREUS.
Amphiareus, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 220 (1904).
Type, A. fulvescens, Walk.
Distribution. Ceylon ; Burma.
Subelongate, setose ; head anteriorly produced, columnar, about
as long as breadth including eyes; rostrum three-jointed, first
joint very short and thickened, second joint much the longest,
third shorter, longer than first and reaching the anterior coxe ;
antenne four-jointed, setose, first joint short, moderately thick-
ened, not reaching apex of head, second joint longest, moderately
thickened, third and fourth joints short and slender, subequal in
length ; pronotum profoundly constricted near middle, anterior
area glabrous, posterior area punctate, anterior margin about
half the width of posterior margin, which is concavely sinuate ;
scutellum broad, transversely excavate at base; hemelytra longly
pilose, the lateral margins slightly ampliately rounded; mem-
brane apparently with three veins; legs slender; tarsi two-
jointed.
1474. Amphiareus fulvescens, JWaik.
(Xylocoris) Cat. Het. v, p. 160
(1872) ; Leth. § Sev. (Cardiaste-
thus?) Cat. Gén. Hém. iii, p. 250
(1896).
Xylocoris fumipennis, Walk. Cat.
Het. v, p. 160 (1872) ; Leth. § Sev.
(Cardiastethus?) Cat. Gén. Hém.
iii, p. 250 (1896).
Either pale stramineous, unicolorous,
or with the head, pronotum, and apical
area of the corium pale testaceous-
brown; anterior area of the prono-
tum glabrous, posterior area punctate ;
membrane dull fuliginous-hyaline ;
hemelytra finely pilose, more strongly
&; eee. so on the apical areas; other struc-
Mmphiareus JESCENS. 2 * :
Me : : tural characters as detailed in generic
diagnosis.
Length 2} millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Vhwaites, Brit. Mus.); Burma; Bhamo.
On
EUSPUDZUS.
Genus LIPPOMANUS.
Lippomanus, Dist. A. M, N. H. (7) xiv, p 221 (1904).
Type, L. hirsutus, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Subelongate, depressed, hirsute ; head about as long as breadth
including eyes; rostrum three-jointed, reaching anterior coxe,
first joint not quite reaching base of head, second longest ; antennze
hirsute, with the first joint not nearly reaching apex of head,
second longest, third and fourth more slender; pronotum some-
what flat, with a transverse constriction near middle, the anterior
only about one-third the width of posterior margin, which is
strongly concavely sinuate; scutellum strongly constricted near
middle; corium with the lateral margins somewhat strongly
concavely sinuate on basal halves; membrane with four longi-
tudinal veins; femora only moderately incrassate ; legs hirsute or
finely spinulose ; tarsi two-jointed.
1475. Lippomanus hirsutus, Dist. 4. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 221
(1904).
Head, pronotum, and scutellum
black ; head in front of eyes piceous-
brown ; antenne ochraceous, the first
joint piceous; corium ochraceous,
with an arched transverse medial
fascia crossing apical area of clavus,
and the apical area including cuneus,
fuscous; membrane pale fuscous, the
inner and apical margins paler; body
beneath piceous, lateral margins of
abdomen, the legs, and rostrum ochra-
ceous ; pronotum, scutellum, and clavus
with scattered punctures; corium in-
distinctly and finely punctate; pro-
notum with a broad distinct ridge in
front of the transverse impression ;
scutellum transversely ridged at base,
: Fig. 4. foveately depressed on disk; cuneus
Lippomanus hirsutus. ill-defined.
Length 3 millim.
Hab. Burma: Karennee (Fea); Tenasserim: Thagata (ec).
Genus EUSPUDAUS.
Euspudeus, Reut. Act. Soc, Sci. Fenn. xiv, pp. 559 & 565 (1885).
Type, E. funebris, Motsch.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Body depressed, oblong-ovate ; head (collar excepted) with eyes
6 ANTHOCORIDZ.
as broad as long; antenne slender, first joint passing the apex of
head, second joint lnear and pilose, remaining joints in type
mutilated ; pronotum horizontal, anteriorly levigate, centrally
longitudinally canaliculate, posteriorly with two large fovez
medially confluent, and with a very obsolete apical annuliform
constriction situate between the angles, laterally and basally
sinuate; hemelytra shining, coarsely punctate, cuneus levigate ;
membrane provided with four distinct subparallel veins ; meta-
sternum with a central medial carination; posterior cox
subcontiguous.
1476. Euspudeus funebris, Motsch. (Anthocoris) Bull. Soc. Mose.
Xxxvi (3) p. 88 (1865); Reut. (Espu-
: deeus) Act. Soc. Sev. Fenn. xiv, p. 566
ee (1885).
Above black, beneath pitch-black ; an-
tenne, rostrum, apex of head, and the
legs piceous-testaceous; hemelytra greyish-
stramineous, bases of corium and clavus,
margins of scutellum, claval suture, and
apex of cuneus broadly black; rostrum
‘. extending to the middle of the meso-
sternum, first joint extending to middle
of eyes; antenne with the second joint
about three times longer than the first,
its apex a little obscure; scutellum with
the apical area depressed, transversely
f ‘ strigose, basal area levigate.
Fig. 5. Length 43 millim.
Euspudeus funebris. Hab. Ceylon.
By the kindness of Dr. Yngve Sjé-
stedt, of the Stockholm Museum, I have been able to figure the
specimen on which Dr. Reuter founded his genus.
Genus SESELLIUS.
Sesellius, Dist. 4. M WN. H. (7) xiv, p. 221 (1904).
Type, S. parallelus, Motsch.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Elongate, depressed ; head a little longer than breadth between
eyes; rostrum three-jointed, long, passing anterior coxe; an-
tenne with the first joint considerably thickened and not reach-
ing apex of head, a little longer than breadth between eyes,
which are only subprominent; third antennal joint considerably
shorter than second; pronotum depressed, with an obsolete
narrow anterior collar, transversely excavate on disk, lateral
margins moderately sinuate and narrowed anteriorly, posterior
margin moderately concavely sinuate; hemelytra with their
ODONTOBRACHYS, ‘
margins parallel; membrane with a small basal cell and three
veins; anterior and posterior femora very strongly incrassated,
and spinulose on their under surface ; tarsi three-jointed.
Owing to the specimen described being in a carded condition,
the structure of the sternum cannot be ascertained.
1477. Sesellius parallelus, Jotsch. (An-
thocoris) Bull. Soc. Mose. xxxvi
(5) p. 89 (1863); Rewt. Act. Soc.
Sev. Fenn. xiv, p. 717.
Shining, piceous or piceous-black ;
rostrum, tibiew, tarsi, and basal area of
corium stramineous ; membrane shining
stramineous on basal, greenish-fuscous
on posterior area; pronotum more or
less transversely strigose, corium very
finely and palely pilose; other struc-
tural characters as in generic diagnosis.
Bic. 6. Length 23 millim.
Sesellius parallelus. Hab. Ceylon (Lewis).
Genus ODONTOBRACHYS.
Odontobrachys, Fieb. Wien. ent. Monatschr, iv, p. 264 (1860) ; Eur.
Hem. p. 38 (1861).
Type, O. niger, Fieb.
Distribution. British India.
Wings provided with a hamus in the cell. Pronotum without
an anterior constriction ; rostrum short, reaching the mesosternum,
apparently three-jointed, first Joint occupying a third part of the
length of head ; antenne thick, cylindrical ;
pronotum trapezitorm, laterally curved ;
anterior femora broad, beneath medially
provided with a small tooth, and between
this and apex denticulate, posterior femora
not anteriorly denticulate; hemelytra
coriaceous; membrane apparently with-
out veins ; tarsi subclavate and apparently
two-jointed.
1478. Odontobrachys niger, Fiedb. Wien.
ent. Monatschr, iv, p. 270, pl. vi,
fig. L (1860),
Fig. 7. Piceous-black, shining; autenne, ante-
Odontobrachys niger. rior tibiz, and all the tarsi flavous, poste-
rior tibia piceous; abdomen beneath
moderately punctate ; hemelytra flavo-fuscous, margins blackish-
8 AN'THOCORIDE.
fuscous ; membrane fusco-flavous ; rostrum flavous, first joint and
base of second joint fuscous.
Length 24 millim.
Hab. “India.”
By the kindness of M. Joanny Martin, Fieber’s type 1s here
figured,
Genus TRIPHLEPS.
Triphleps, Feb. Wien. ent. Monatschr. iv, p. 266, pl. vi, fig. P (1860) ;
id. Eur. Hem. pp. 89 & 140 (1861); Reut. Act. Soc. Scr. Fenn.
xiv, pp. 611 & 648 (1885).
Type, 7. lavigatus, Fieb., a Palearctic species.
Distribution. Apparently almost universal.
Body ovate or oblongly ovate, somewhat shortly and slightly
pubescent ; pronotum without or with a very obsolete anterior
constriction or collar; rostrum not passing the anterior coxe ;
metasternum between cox broadly rounded; membrane with
three veins; antenne short, second joint not longer than breadth
of head between eyes.
1479. Triphleps tantilus, Motsch. (Anthocoris) Bull. Soc. Mose.
xxxvi (8) p. 89 (1863) ; Reut. Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv, p. 718
(1885).
Triphleps indicus, Reut. Act. Soc, Sci. Fenn. xiv, pp. 645 & 655
(1885).
Piceous-black ; corium and legs stramineous ; antenne strami-
neous, basal joint usually more or less stramineous ; cuneus and
inner angle of corium sometimes very palely
fuscous ; membrane pale subhyaline; abdomen
beneath brownish-testaceous ; head between
eyes slightly broader than long; first joint of
antenne not reaching apex of head, second joint
not longer than breadth between eyes; pronotum
punctate, granulately punctate on posterior area,
with a very obsolete narrow collar at anterior
margin, which is less than one-half the breadth
of posterior margin, which is strongly concavely
sinuate ; apical area of scutellum transversely
Fig. 8. strigose ; corium coarsely punctate, the cuneus
Triphleps tantilus. almost levigate ; rostram reaching the anterior
COXe.
Length 1? to 2 millim.
Hab. Bengal (Copenhagen Mus.). Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Green).
Dr. Meinert very kindly forwarded me the type of Reuter’s
species for comparison.
PACHYTARSUS. yg
Subfamily Il. MICROPHYSINE.
Microphysina, Reut. Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv, pp. 658 & 723 (1885).
I recognize this subfamily by the characters of a four-jointed
rostrum and two-jointed tarsi.
One genus alone can now be enumerated, and that with some
hesitation, as the condition of the type of Pachytarsus, Fieb., kindly
forwarded to me from the Paris Museum for examination, was
somewhat imperfect in respect to the characters relied on for the
subfamily.
Genus PACHYTARSUS.
Pachytarsus, Feb. Wien. ent. Monatschr. iv, p. 262 (1860) ; td.
Eur. Hem. p. 87 (1861); Reut. Act. Soc. Sei. Fenn. xiv, p. 757
(1885).
Type, P. crassicornis, Fieb.
Distribution. British India.
Wings provided with a hamus in the cell. Pronotum with an
anterior annuliform transverse stricture ; tarsi robust, short;
rostrum reaching the apex of the prosternum, four-jointed, first
joint short ; antennze with the third and fourth joints distinctly
thickened ; mesosternum convex, anteriorly between cox acutely
prolonged, posteriorly narrowed, rounded and impressed, nearly
bilobate ; metasternum nearly semilunar, margin convex ; embolium
narrow; membrane with three veins equally distant from one
‘another ; tarsi apparently two-jointed, but type specimens not in
sufficiently good condition for exact determination.
1480. Pachytarsus crassicornis, Fieb. Wien. ent. Monatschr. iv.
p. 269, pl. vi, fig. E (1860).
Piceous-black; hemelytra sordidy fla-
vous, behind embolium to interior angle
of corium fuscous; membrane unicolorous,
fusco-fuliginous ; antenne piceous, mode-
rately setose, apex of last joint whitish ;
rostrum fuscous, apex of second joint
and the whole of third joint flavescent ;
femora and tibiae fuscous; tarsi some-
times, apices of anterior femora and the
anterior tibie flavous.
Length 23 millim.
Hab. * iain orientalis.”
I am greatly indebted to M. Joanny
“a Martin, of the Paris Museum, for the
Fig. 9. opportunity of figuring the type of this
Pachytarsus crassicornis, Species.
10 ANTHOCORID 2.
Genus CYRTOSTERNUM.
Cyrtosternum, Feb. Wien. ent. Monatschr. iv, p. 265 (1860) ; ed.
Eur, Hem. p. 39 (1861).
Type, C. flavicorne, Fieb.
Distribution. Oriental Region,
Mesopectus arched posteriorly and sloping off, deeply indented
behind ; metapectus short, broad, heart-shaped ; arched with a
marginal ridge; pronotum broadly trapeziform, broadly concave
behind, lateral margin sharpened and depressed, in front some-
what widened ; membrane with three nervures; head beneath
arched. (Lied.)
1481. Cyrtosternum flavicorne, Fich. Wien. ent. Monatschr. p. 270,
pl. vi, fig. O (1860).
Pitchy brown, antenne, tibiz, and joints of the tarsi yellowish ;
femora brown, base and apex yellowish; corium dirty yellow ;
embolium and triangle of the cuneus brown; membrane brownish-
yellow. (Fiebd.) .
Length ‘ 3 line.”
Hab. India.
This genus and species are only known to me by the above short
descriptions, and the proper location is therefore quite enigmatical.
Mons. Joanny Martin, of the Paris Museum, informs me that the
type is no longer to be found in that collection, and it is therefore
perhaps better to regard it as lost.
POLYCTENID &. slat
Family POLYCTENID.
Polyctenide, Westw. Thesaur. Entom. p. 197 (1874).
The taxonomic position of this small family is almost still sub
judice. It is founded on the genus Polyctenes (Westw. & Giglioli,
Quart. Journ. Microsc. Se. iv, p. 25, 1864), which was placed in
the Dipterous family Nycteribiide. Westwood subsequently, in
founding a family for its reception supra, regarded it as represent-
ing aberrant Anoplura or Lice. Waterhouse (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1879,
p- 309) considered its affinities to be with the Dipterous family
Hippoboscide, but subsequently (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1880, p. 320)
agreed with Westwood as to its inclusion with the Rhynchota.
Sharp (Camb. Nat. Hist. vi, p. 561, 1899) considers that ‘‘ there
does not appear any sufficient grounds for removing these parasites
from Hemiptera-Heteroptera °—a view in which I concur, and
have placed the Polyctenide at the end of the genera composing the
Gymnocerata. Mr. Champion, however, has not included a
Guatemalan specimen described by Waterhouse in his enumeration
of the Heteroptera of Central America.
These insects are parasitic on Bats. Westwood’s diagnosis has
been abbreviated by Sharp as follows :—
‘* Proboscis-sheath three-jointed, tarsi four-jointed, antenne
four-jointed. Tegmina quite short, of one consistence.”
The species have been recorded from both the Eastern and
Western Hemispheres.
Genus POLYCTENES.
Polyctenes, Westw. § Giglio, Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sc. iv, p. 25
(1864) ; Westw. Thesaur. Entom. p. 198 (1874).
Type, P. molossus, Westw. & Giglioli, found on a Chinese
species of Bat.
Distribution. Found in both the Eastern and Western Tropics
but present knowledge very slight and imperfect.
Antenne four-jointed, a little longer than the head, first joint
incrassated, angulated above near base and provided with long
sete, its apical urea setose, the second, third, and fourth joints
decreasing in length, the third joint beyond base outwardly
provided with long sete; rostrum shorter than head, three-
jointed, first joint a little dilated at base ; tarsi at apices sometimes
provided with a spinulose pulvillus.
1482. Polyctenes lyre, Waterh. Tr. E. 8.1879, p.311, t. ix, ff. 1 & 2.
“Uniform pale pitchy-yellow. The anterior portion of the head
smooth and shining, with three or four stiff bristles on the margin
it, POLYCTENIDE.
near the posterior angles. The antenne apparently with two
small joints at the base, the third joint very long, compressed,
concave, or channelled on the inner side, the fourth joint about
two-thirds the length of the third and more slender, the fifth
joint elongate, fusiform. The anterior portion of the head below
with five or six cultriform spines placed obliquely near the posterior
angles. The posterior portion of the head above smooth and
mh
nal
Fig. 10.—Polyctenes lyre.
shining, with a ridge on each side of the disk; the ridge which
margins the sides anteriorly turns away posteriorly for the hind
angles, and is set with stiff bristles which increase in length
as they approach the hind angles ; the basal margin is closely set
with short cultriform spines. ‘This portion of the head is concave
below, with the anterior margin set with cultriform spines, the
sides with stiff bristles which become longer posteriorly ; at the
posterior angle there is a conical process which terminates in
a very long stiff bristle. The prothorax above has short: stiff
hairs scattered over the surface, the basal margin has a row
of cultriform spines which are pitchy in colour. The dorsal
plates of the mesothorax are studded with minute hair-bearing
tubercles. The abdomen is sculptured in the same manner. The
prothorax is concave below on each side, so that the anterior legs
are entirely hidden in the cavity when retracted ; the prosternum
is elongate-ovate, with a mesial impressed line.”
Length 3°5 millim.
Hab. Madras Presidency ; Secunderabad.
This species was found on a Bat forwarded to the British
Museum from the above locality. I have thought it better to
reproduce Mr. Waterhouse’s minute description. Mr. Knight
has made original drawings from the type.
PELOGONID 4. 13
Family PELOGONID.
Pelogonida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 170 (1865),
Mononychida, Sta, tom. cit. p. 171.
Galgulide, Sta, En. Hem. v, p. 137 (1876) *.
Pelegonidee, ante, vol. i, p. xxxvii.
Body short and broad ;- head very broad, with prominent eyes ;
ocelli present ; posterior legs thin, and formed for running.
Synopsis of Subfamilies.
A. Body oval ; rostrum long and slender ; ante-
TOL gersinonrmale eens eyes b tainly eo Pelogonine,
B. Body broadly ovate ; rostrum short; anterior
legstra pborialspierrn Septet sso xs coe 9 be Mononychine.
Subfamily I. PELOGONINA.
Body oval; head prominently depressed anteriorly; eyes
renitorm ; rostrum long, slender, somewhat incrassate at base.
Genus PELOGONUS.
Ochtherus, Latr. Gen. Crust. Ins. iii, p. 142 (1807).
Ochthera, Bergr. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1890, p. lxvif.
Pelogonus, Latr, tom. cit. iv, p. 384 (1809); Burm. Handb. ii, 1,
p. 202 (1855) ; Feb. Gen. Hydroc. p. 14, t. 1 e (1851); Herr.-Sch.
Wanz. Ins. ix, p. 23, t. 290, ff. A-F (1853) ; Stal, Hem. Afr. iii,
p. 170 (1865) ; Champ. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhyn. ii, p. 344 (1900).
Type, P. marginatus, Latr.
Distribution. Probably distributed in all the larger zoo-
geographical regions.
Body moderately depressed ; head, including eyes, a little
narrower than the anterior margin of the pronotum and ante-
riorly truncately deflected; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe ;
antenne short, four-jointed, inserted beneath the eyes ; pronotum
transverse, sexangular, the lateral margins Jaminately ampliated
and moderately rounded, its basal margin before scutellum con-
cavely sinuate; scutellum broad, triangular; hemelytra totally
covering the abdomen; legs moderate in length and slender.
* The generic name Ga/lgulus, on which this family name is constructed, is
preoccupied, and therefore Pelogonus, being the oldest remaining genus, must
be used in the formation of the family name.
t+ Dr. Bergroth, in seeking to revive the name Ochthera, states that Ochtherus
is only preoccupied ; whereas (cf. Bull. Soe. Ent. Fr. 1890, p. exix) it has been
pointed out that the reverse is the case, Ochthera having been used for Diptera
(1802). Latreille himself very rightly sank the names to prevent confusion, and
the genus is properly known as Pelogonus.
14 PELOGONID™.
Champion, who has examined many specimens of Central-
American species, states :—‘‘ The males have the seventh ventral
segment split down the middle, leaving the terminal genital
segment exposed, and they are very apt to be mistaken for the
opposite sex.”
1483. Pelogonus marginatus, Zatr. (Acanthia) Hist. Ins. xii. p. 242
(1804); zd. (Ochtherus) Gen. Ins. iii, p. 143 (1807); Amy. & Serv.
(Pelogonus) Hém. p. 409 (1843); Fieb. Eur. Hem. p. 108
(1861); Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 170 (1865); Montand. Ann.
Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 365 (1897).
Pelogonus caffer, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1855, p. 46.
Pelogonus indicus, Guér. Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 118.
Piceous-black ; apical margin of head,
basal two joints of antenne, lateral
and posterior margins of pronotum (the
last variable in width), lateral spots to
corium (of which the basal is elongate
and the others transverse, sometimes
obsolete), anterior margins of the ante-
rior acetabula, legs, and sometimes small
marginal spots to abdomen beneath, stra-
mineous or ochraceous.
Length 4 to 6; breadth 2? to 34
millim.
Hab. India (fide Guérin). Burma;
Karennee (fea).—Cochin-China (Coll.
Fig 11. Distant). South Africa. Central Europe.
Bere SOT TE ee The specimen figured is a variety from
Burma, collected by Fea and enumerated by Montandon.
Subfamily I]. MONONYCHINAL.
Mononychine, Montand Bull. Soc. Sct. Bucarest, viii, p. 892 (1899).
Body broadly ovate; head vertical, triangular; eyes sub-
reniform ; rostrum short, four-jointed; anterior legs raptorial,
their femora incrassate ; tarsi heteromerous, anterior tarsi single-
jointed, posterior tarsi with two joints.
Genus MONONYX.
Mononyx, Lap. Ess. Hém. p, 16 (1832) ; Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 425
(1843) ; Ped. Gen. Hydr. p. 12 (1851) ; Stal, Hem. Afr. iii. p. 171
(1865); ed. En. Hem. v, p. 188 (1876); Montand. Bull. Soc. Sci.
Bucarest, viii, p. 894 (1899).
Type, I. raptorius, Fabr., a Neotropical species.
Distribution, Neotropical, Australasian, and Oriental Regions,
MONONYX. 15)
Hemelytra provided with a distinctly developed membrane ;
pronotum at base before scutellum distinctly concavely sinuate,
its posterior angles rounded or obtuse; mesosternum posteriorly
and the metasternum elevated, compressed, the elevation a little
acuminate ; lateral margins of the hemelytra not sinuate and not
completely covering the abdomen.
1484. Mononyx serratus, Montand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii,
p. 365 (1897); td. Bull. Soc. Sci. Bucarest, viii, p. 396
(1899).
Fuscous-brown ; lateral margins of the pronotum, femora
(excluding apices), and a spot at base of anal segment ochraceous ;
head strongly tuberculous, with three
robust dentiform tubercles on an-
terior margin; pronotum with the
disk gibbous, transversely impressed
behind middle, and with fine
longitudinal carinations, the lateral
margins much depressed and am-
pliated, their margins subconvex,
carinate and obtusely dentate; scu-
tellum with a distinct discal semi-
circular ridge, its apex somewhat
tuberculous; corium finely granulose,
with a few scattered tubercles; con-
nexivum segmentally sinuate and
Fig. 12. subdentate.
Mononys serratus. Length 8 to 9; breadth between
pronotal angles 6 to 7 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karennee (f¢a).
Montandon’s type, by the courtesy of Dr. Gestro, is here
figured.
1485. Mononyx indicus, Atkins. J. A. S. B. 1888, p. 345; Montand.
Bull. Soe. Sct. Buearest, viii, p. 397 (1899).
Brownish-ochraceous tinged with greyish ; head and pronotum
irregularly tuberculate ; lateral margins of the pronotum some-
what roundly dilated, the margins obsoletely broadly crenulate ;
scutellum subconvex, with a somewhat large tubercle at each basal
angle and at the apex; corium finely granulose and with some
small scattered tubercles; membrane concolorous ; connexivum
with the posterior segmental angles slightly prominent, and, as
described by Atkinson, sometimes black; coxee and femora yellow-
testaceous, tibize and tarsi darker in hue, apices of the femora and
tibiz piceous.
Length 9 to 10; breadth between pronotal angles 7 millim.
Hab. Sikhim.
An abundant species.
16 PELOGONID.
1486. Mononyx grossus, Montand. Bull. Soc. Sci. Bucarest, viii, p. 398
(1899),
Fuscous-brown, lateral margins of the pronotum and exposed
connexivum testaceous-brown ; lateral margins of the pronotum
ampliately dilated, somewhat rounded, its angles subconvex and
projecting beyond the base of the corium, a strong transverse
impression near base, two longitudinal ridges connected with an
anterior transverse ridge, and two small foveations on disk ; two
discal tuberculous callosities between eyes ; scutellum a little raised,
granulose, with a longitudinal foveation on each lateral area ;
corium distinctly convexly ampliated near base, after which it is
obliquely and almost straightly narrowed to apex, finely granulose
along the veins.
This species may be at once recognized and differentiated from
the two previously described by its greater width, the ampliated
margins of the pronotum, the convexly ampliated basal margins of
the corium, different discal structure of the pronotum, &e.
Length 11 to 12; greatest breadth 8 to 84 millim.
Hab. Assam; Noa Dihing (Chennell).— Tibet ; Mou-pin
(A. David).
NEPID2£. 17
Family NEPID/.
Nepida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 185 (1865).
Body oblong or elongate ; head small, moderately prominently
produced before eyes; rostrum short, three-jointed; antenne
short, three-jointed, inserted under the eyes ; hemelytra more or
less complete ; ; abdomen with apical long filiform appendages ;
legs sometimes very long, anterior legs raptorial ; tarsi consisting
of a single joint.
The Nepide are widely and generally distributed, and are
popularly known as “* water-scorpions.”
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Body oblong, or elongately subovate; pro-
notum about as long or a little shorter than
broad, its anterior margin about twice as
irond@asphcadheh Waa ae eis yee LACCOTREPHES, p. 17.
B. Body very long and narrow; pronotum slender,
very much longer than broad; head, in-
cluding eyes, broader than anterior pr onotal
margin,
. Anterior femora about as long as pro-
NOM; COX VEL ONL 2 aaets oy fe) slo RaANATRA, p. 19.
b, Anterior femora considerably shorter than
pronotum ; coxee somewhat short ...... CERCOTMETUS, p. 23.
Genus LACCOTREPHES.
Laccotrephes, Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 186 (1865) ; 7d. Hem. Fabr. i,
p. 154 (1868).
Nepa (part.), Ferrari, Ann. Hofmus. Wren, iii, pp. 162 & 163 (1888).
Type, L. fabricir, Stal, an Ethiopian species.
Instribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australasian Regions.
Also found in China and Japan.
Body oblong or elongately subovate ; pronotum about as long
as broad, sometimes a little shorter than broad, a little smuately
narrowed anteriorly, where it is about twice as broad as head and
behind which it is profoundly concavely sinuate, its base in front
of scutellum also strongly concavely sinuate, transversely con-
stricted behind middle, between which and anterior margin are two
discal longitudinal rugosities; scutellum slightly longer than broad;
membrane complete, reticulately veined ; legs of moderate length,
anterior femora incrassate and beneath longitudinally sulcate, the
anterior tibiz a little shorter than the femora.
The species of this genus appear to havea wide distribution, and
VOL. III. c
18 NEPID&.
are subject to considerable variation in colour and minor strue-
tural characters. Ferrari subjected the genus to a rigorous
revision, and proposed the recognition of many distinct species,
which I at least, and Montandon also, have been unable to
differentiate. Considerable value has been placed on the ab-
dominal appendages for the differentiation of species, but these
are of a very fragile character and seldom complete in Museum
specimens. A good superficial differential character appears to
exist in the colour of the upper surface of the abdomen, and
this taken in a broad and not too narrow sense is undeniably
helpful.
With a considerable number of specimens passing through my
hands, including Montandon’s cotypes and identified species, 1
cannot recognize more than three species as found in British
India. Their size, combined with the colour of the abdomen
above, apart from other structural characters, renders their
separation a matter of little difficulty.
1487. Laccotrephes robustus, Std, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 706:
Ferrari (Nepa), Ann. Hofmus. Wien, iii, p. 182 (1888) ; Mon-
tand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 376 (1897).
Var. pfeiferie, Ferrari (Nepa), Ann.
Hofmus. Wien, iii, p. 187 (1888) ;
Montand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen.
Xxxvli, p. 376 (1897).
Fuscous or piceous ; abdomen
above sanguineous or subsangui-
neous, its apex fuscous; femora
very obscurely palely annulate ;
wings vitreous, with a slightly bluish
tinge ; abdominal appendages about
equal in length to, or a little longer
than, the body; hemelytra sub-
parallel.
Length 36 to 44; breadth between
post. pronotal angles 12 to 122
millim. 7
Hab, Naga Hills (Chennell).
Burma; Karennee (fea).—Siamese
Malay States (Skeat Ewped.). Perak
(coll, Dist.). Philippines (Semper).
Fig. 18.—Laccotrephes robustus,
1488. Laccotrephes ruber, Zinn. (Nepa) Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 165. 2
(1764) ; Mayr, Reise Nov., Hem. p. 188 (1866) ; Stal (Lacco-
trephes), Hem. Fabr. i, p. 185 (1868); Montand. Ann. Mus.
Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 376 (1897).
Nepa grossa, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iv, p. 62. 5 (1794); Ferrart, Ann.
Hofmus. Wien, iii, p. 177 (1888).
Nepa flavovenosa, Dohrn, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxi, p. 409 (1860);
RANATRA. 19
Ferrari, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, iii, p. 184 (1888); Dist. (Lacco-
trephes) A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 63 (1904).
Laccotrephes japonensis, Scott, A. M. N. H. (4) xiv, p. 450
(1874); Ferrart (Nepa), Ann. Hofmus. Wien, iii, p. 175
(1888).
Nepa eusoma, kohlii, dentata, Ferrart, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, iii,
PP. 179, 180, 183 (1888).
? Nepa dubia, Ferrari, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, iii, p. 181 (1888).
A smaller and narrower species than LZ. robustus, in colour
generally fuscous, sometimes piceous; abdomen above reddish-
ochraceous, usually with a centrai longitudinal fuliginous fascia,
the apex brownish-ochraceous, sometimes, but rarely, with the
whole disk suffused with fuliginous; wings vitreous; abdominal
appendages a little longer than the body ; hemelytra subparallel.
Length 30 to 35; breadth between post. pronotal angles 7 to
9 millim.
Hab. Sind (Vienna Mus.). Kashmir (Hiigel). Naga Hills
(Doherty). N. Khasi Hills (Chennell), Kangra Valley (Dudgeon).
Bombay (Dixon). Caleutta. Ceylon (Lewis). Burma; Bhamo
(Fea).—China (Vienna Mus.). Formosa (Brit. Mus.). Japan
(Lewis).
1489. Laccotrephes maculatus, Fair. (Nepa) Syst. Ent. p. 692, 5
(1775); Stal (Laccotrephes), Hem. Fabr. i, p. 155 (1868) ;
Ferrart (Nepa), Ann. Hofmus. Wien, iii, p. 187 (1888);
Montand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 877 (1897).
Nepa griseus, Guér. Iconogr. Regne Anim., Ins. p. 352, pl. lvii,
fic. 7 (1829-1838) ; Ferrart, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, iii. p. 185
(1888); Montand. (Laccotrephes) Ann. Mus, Civ. Gen. Xx xvii,
p. 377 (1897).
Fuscous or griseous, pubescent; abdomen above fuscous or
fuscous-brown, its apex paler, somewhat griseous ; femora (except
in griseous varieties) with obscure fuscous shadings ; wings
vitreous, with a distinct bluish tinge; abdominal appendages a
little longer than the body ; hemelytra slightly ampliated.
Length 15 to 20; breadth between post. pronotal angles 43 to
5 millim.
Hab. Bengal (Vienna Mus.). Assam (Chennell), Calcutta
Tanks (dnd. Mus.). Bombay (Leith § Dixon). Ceylon; Colombo
(Lewis). Burma; Teinzo, Karennee (/va)—Borneo (Vienna
Mus.).
2)
Genus RANATRA.
Ranatra, Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. p. 108 (1803); Sta, Hem. Afr. iii,
p. 189 (1865) ; Mayr, Reise Nov., Hem. p. 189 (1866).
Type, &. filifornis, Fabr.
Distribution. Almost universal.
Body very long and narrow ; head including eyes broader than
anterior margin of pronotum; eyes very prominent ; pronotum
C2
20 NEPID &.
elongate, the posterior area widened and elevated, its base pro-
foundly sinuate; hemelytra complete, membrane reticulately
veined; legs slender, anterior legs a little incrassate ; anterior
coxe long, longly extended beyond the apex of the head; anterior
femora beyond middle armed with one or two spines, and more
than twice as long as the tibiz ; abdominal appendages usually
ong.
De la Torre Bueno (Canad. Entomol. xxxv, pp. 235-237) has
recorded the stridulating properties of an American species of
this genus (2. quadridentata, Stal), and states that the sound is
produced by both adults and nymphs.
1490. Ranatra elongata, Fubr. Skrivt. af Naturh. Selsk. 1, i, p. 228.
2 (1790); ed. Ent. Syst. iv, p. 65. 3 (1794) ; Mayr, Reise Nov.,
Hem. p. 191, tab. v. fig. 58 (1866); Stal, Hem. Fabr. i, p. 186
(1868).
Griseous ; anterior area of the pronotum and head very palely
castaneous ; posterior area of sternum, abdomen, and legs ochra-
ceous; posterior tibie and tarsi infuscate; anterior area of
Fig. 14.—Ranatra elongata.
pronotum with an obscure fuscous central linear fascia ; abdomen
above fuscous, its lateral margins pale ochraceous ; metasternum
with a subtriangular process which is centrally longitudinally
foveately sulcate ; abdominal appendages longer than the body.
RANATRA, 21
Length excl. abdom. append. 41 to 45; length abdom. append.
about 47 millim.
Hab. Kashmir (Vienna Mus.). Calcutta (Ind. Mus.). Bombay
(Leith § Divon). Nilgiri Hills (Hampson).
1491. Ranatra chinensis, Mayr, Verh. z.-b.Ges. Wien, xv, p. 446 (1865) ;
id. Reise Nov., Hem. p. 191, tab. v, fig. 59 (1866); Kirk. §
Montand. Entomologist, 1901, p. 51; Montand, Bull. Soc. Sct.
Bucarest, xii, p. 102 (1903).
Ranatra valida, Sta, Hem. Fabr. i, p. 186 (1868).
Ranatra pallidenotata, Scott, A. M.N. H. (4) xiv, p. 451 (1874).
Allied to R. elongata, but darker in hue ; hemelytra and poste-
rior tibie and tarsi fuscous; abdomen above black, connexivum
ochraceous; anterior area of pronotum broader and_ shorter ;
metasternum with a subtriangular process, not foveately sulcate as
in F. elongata, but with a distinct central linear carinate elevation.
Length body excl. abdom. append. 39 to 46; length abdom.
append. about 43 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karennee (Fea, fide Montandon), China. Japan
(Lewis).
1492. Ranatra feana, Montand. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. xxxv, p. 23
(1903).
Body robust, yellowish brown, brilliant, much paler beneath ;
hemelytra blackish on the lateral margins, yellow on the disk, the
‘ apex of the membrane not extending quite to the apex of the
fifth abdominal segment; abdominal appendages longer than
the body.
This species—which [I have not seen—is described by Mon-
tandon as differing from &. elongata in the more robust shape,
the eyes proportionally less developed, the hemelytra a little longer,
the femora posteriorly more robust, the metasternal process very
elevated on a median line and not in form of a plate as in
the Fabrician species, and the anterior femora not toothed near
their apices. From &. chinensis it differs by the shorter
hemelytra, which in Mayr’s species cover the base of the sixth
abdominal segment, the dentation of the anterior femora is also
different.
Length excl. abdom. append. 46; length abdom. append.
56 millim.
Hab. Burma; Mandalay (4a).
1493. Ranatra filiformis, Fab. Skrivt. af Naturh. Selsk. 1. i, p. 228.
3 (1790); id. Ent. Syst. iv, p. 64. 1 (1794) ; Stal, Hem. Fadr.
i, p. 135 (1868).
Dull obscure brownish-ochraceous; head and anterior area of
pronotum pale castaneous ; posterior area of sternum, legs. and
22 NEPID.
abdominal appendages pale ochraceous; abdomen above pale
ochraceous with a central longitudinal fuscous linear fascia ;
metasternal process a little conyex posteriorly, produced towards
the posterior coxe; posterior pronotal angles with an inner
incision which makes them rather longitudinally prominent ; eyes
very prominent ; intermediate and posterior legs obscurely fus-
cously annulated, anterior legs a little less prominently annulate.
Length excl. abdom. append. 27; length abdom. append. about
23 millim.
Hab. Quetta, Karachi, Behar, Sibsagar (Brit. Mus.). Tranquebar
(Copenhagen Mus.). Bombay (Divon).—Johore. Philippines.
1494. Ranatra sordidula, Dohrn, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxi, p. 409 (1860).
Fuscous ; posterior areas of pronotum and sternum, abdomen
beneath, anterior legs, and intermediate and posterior femora
dull ochraceous; abdomen above ochraceous-brown, more or less
centrally longitudinally fuscous; metasternal process ovate, a
little foveate, with a central longitudinal carinate line; other
characters generally as in &. filifornis, from which it is at once
separated by the different structure of the metasternal process,
darker coloration, and different colour of the legs and upper
surface of the abdomen.
Length excl. abdom. append. 22 to 24; length abdom. append.
about 20 millim.
Hab. Calcutta Tanks (Ind. Mus.). Ceylon (Green) ; Colombo
(Lewis).—Penang. Siam (Flower).
1495, Ranatra gracilis, Dall. Tr. E. S. 1849, p. 10.
“ Linear-elongate, ferruginous brown, obscure; head with an
acute tubercle between the eyes; scutellum with two small pits
on the disk towards the apex ; elytra reaching beyond the base
of the apical segment of the abdomen; caudal sete short, rather
longer than the head and thorax together, slender, very sligitly
pilose externally ; abdomen beneath keeled, the keel not continued
beyond the base of the posterior legs; prosternum with two
longitudinal furrows; legs very long and slender, subpilose ;
anterior thighs with six very faint teeth beneath at the base; the
four posterior tibiz and tarsi simple.” (Dallas.)
Length excl. abdom. append. 34 millim.
flab. Bhutan,
M. Montandon (Bull. Soc. Sci. Bucarest, xii, p. 110) considers
that this species may be identical with, and take priority of,
L. parmata, Mayr, Reise Nov., Hem. p. 192, tab. v, fig. 60, a,b
(1866), which was described from Java. &. gracilis may be at
once distinguished from any of the preceding species here
enumerated by the shortness of the abdominal appendages, which
are only about the length of the head and pronotum together.
1 have not seen the species,
CERCOTMETUS. 23
Genus CERCOTMETUS.
Cercotmetus, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 441 (1843); Stal, Hem. Afr.
iii, p. 186 (1865); Montand. Bull. Soc. Sci. Bucarest, xii, p. 107
(1903).
Type, C. astaticus, Amy. & Serv., from Java.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
This genus differs from Ranatra by the shorter cox, and by
the length of the anterior femora, which in Cercotmetus are con-
siderably shorter than the pronotum; the abdominal appendages
are short, but this is a character found in some species of Ranaira,
as, for example, R. gracilis, Dall.
1496. Cercotmetus fumosus, Dist. Entomologist, 1904, p. 278.
Uniformly somewhat dark fuscous ; head with a pointed tubercle
between the eyes; hemelytra not reaching the apex of the fifth
abdominal segment, the coriaceous portion with some amount of
brownish-ochraceous pubescence ; abdominal appendages mutilated
in type; abdomen beneath strongly keeled, the keel continued
on sternum as far as anterior
cox ; prosternum with two long
deep furrows; intermediate and
posterior tibiz and tarsi inwardly
moderately but prominently pilose ;
pronotum as long as intermediate
femora.
By the last character this
species is to be distinguished from
C. asiaticus, in which the inter-
mediate femora are longer than the
pronotum; from C. pilipes, Dall,
it is separated by the much less
longly pilose inner margins of
the intermediate and posterior
tibie and the darker colour ;
the central carination of the body
beneath only reaches the anterior
margin of the metasternum, which
also separates it from C. com-
positus, Montand.
Lo GN ~ Length excl. abdom. append.
: i . 47 millim. ‘
Fig. 15.—Cercotmetus fumosus. Hab. Ceylon (Green, Brit.
Mus.).
1497. Cercotmetus pilipes, Dail. (Ranatra (Cercotmetus)) Zr. FE. S-
1849, p. 2, pl. il, fig. 6; Montand. Bull. Soc. Set. Bucarests
xii, p. 110 (1903).
‘‘ Linear-elongate, yellowish-brown, opaque; head small, with a
24 NEPID.Z.
tubercle on the vertex between the eyes; elytra not reaching the
apex of the penultimate segment of the abdomen, with the
coriaceous portion covered with very small hairy tubercles ;
caudal sets very short, not more than one-fourth the length of
the body, broad, compressed, and strongly pilose externally ;
abdomen beneath strongly keeled, the keel continued upwards
along the sternum, disappearing about the centre of the meso-
sternum; prosternum with two long deep longitudinal furrows
extending its whole length; legs somewhat robust and _ pilose ;
anterior thighs and tibiz very short ; intermediate and posterior
tibie and tarsi furnished on the inner side with a double row of
long yellow hairs.” (Dallas.)
Length excl. abdom. append. 41; length abdom. append.
9 millim.
Hab. Bhutan.
T have not seen this species, which is apparently distinct from
any other yet described by the border of long yellow hairs to the
intermediate and posterior tibize and tarsi.
NAUCORID #. 25
Family NAUCORID.
Naucoride, Feb. Eur. Hem. p. 32 (1561); Stal, En. Hem. v, p. 141
(1876).
Aphelochire, Fieb. Eur. Hem. p. 32 (1861),
We have already (ante. vol. i, p. xxxvii) given the salient
characters of this family. The species are truly aquatic and swim
freely both in fresh and stagnant water. None of them appear
to carry their eggs on their back, a practice common to the
following family Belostomatide.
Synopsis of Subfamilies.
A. Head more or less prominent and rounded
in front of eyes, beneath with a profound
excavation in which is inserted the base of
rostrum.
a. Pronotum anteriorly strongly concavely ex-
cavate or sinuate, its posterior angles
MOre OrlessacCUMMINALS yaaa 4s. 4-ae se: Cheirocheline.
B. Head broad, not prominently produced in
front of eyes.
b. Pronotum anteriorly either not, or ob-
tusely or prominently broadly sinuate, its
posterior angles not acuminate.
a. Gula short, neither tumid nor tectiform.. Laccocorine.
6. Gula long, tumid or tectiform ....... . Naucorine.
Subtamily I. CHELROCHELINAL.
Cheirocheline, Montand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 367 (1897).
Head more or less prominent and rounded in front of the eyes,
beneath with a profound excavation in which is inserted the base
of the rostrum ; eyes longer than broad ; pronotum strongly con-
cavely sinuate at its anterior margin between the region of the
eyes, tue posterior lateral angles more or less acuminate; the
anterior femora very strongly dilated.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Pronotum with the lateral margins concavely
narrowed anteriorly ; greatest breadth of
abdomen less than, or “about equal to, its
HMC ELI s clea eee ee aiecetc nies sinie Aare .... CHEIROCHELA, p. 26.
B. Pronotum with the lateral margins convexly
narrowed anteriorly ; oreatest breadth of
abdomen considerably exceeding its length.. GESTROIELLA, p. 27.
26 NAUCORID &,
Genus CHEIROCHELA.
Cheirochela, Hope, Trans. Linn, Soc. xviii, p. 442 (1841); Montand.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 568 (1897).
Chirochela, Feb. Gen. Hydr. p. 17 (1851).
Type, C. assamensis, Hope.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Body depressed, elongate-ovate ; head strongly and broadly
produced in front of eyes, which are much longer than broad,
beneath with a deep excavation containing the base of the rostrum,
posteriorly convexly elongated at base “between the eyes ; pro-
notum transverse, its anterior margin concave before the basal
prolongation of the head, its anterior lateral angles elongately
and its posterior angles transversely acuminate ; scutellum broad,
subtriangular; hemelytra not covering the whole of the abdomen,
corium completely rounded and hiding counexivum for about half
its length and then obliquely Aipenapieale abdomen broad, de-
pressed, the lateral posterior segmental angles more or less
spinously produced; anterior femora very strongly dilated, anterior
tibie and tarsi confluent and curved ; intermediate and posterior
tibie clothed beneath with long thick hairs.
1498. Cheirochela feana, Montand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii,
p. 370 (1897).
Dark fuscous-brown ; lateral and anterior margins of head,
inner margins of eyes, lateral margins and posterior angles of
pronotum, transverse subbasal fascia
to scutelluin, basal dilated margin of
corium above and beneath, lateral mar-
gins and inner spots to connexivum,
lateral margins of prosternum, inter-
mediate and posterior femora, and bases
of intermediate and posterior tibie,
brownish-ochraceous ; body beneath
shortly pilose and greyish-brown. Pro-
notum granulose, with transverse striz
on central anterior area, the posterior
lateral angles strongly produced and
with a transverse subbasal furrow ;
corlum rugose ; membrane not reaching
apex of abdomen.
Length 243 to 264; breadth between
pronotal angles 13 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karennee (ea).
The type, by the courtesy of Dr. Gestro, is here figured.
Fig. 16.—Cheirochela feana.
1499. Cheirochela assamensis, oy Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 442,
tab. xl, fig. 9, a, b, c, d,e, f (1841); Fred. (Chirochela) Gen.
Hydr. p. 18 8 (1851).
Cheirochela birmaniensis, Montand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. XXXVli,
p. 869 (1897).
Smaller than C. feana, with the posterior pronotal angles more
GESTROIBLLA. Mh
straightly and laterally, not backwardly produced; anterior femora
considerably less dilated; corium much less rugose and with its
anterior marginal area a little less convex, apex of membrane
narrower and less broadly convex; colour and markings very
sunilar.
Length 22 to 23; breadth between pronotal angles 9 to 93 millim.
Had. Assam (Oxford Mus.). Burma; Karennee (4a).
By the kindness of Prof. Poulton of Oxford and Dr. Gestro of
Genoa, I have been enabled to compare the types of Hope and
Montandon and to establish their common identity.
Genus GESTROIELLA.
Gestroiella, Wontand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 371 (1897).
Type, G. limnocoroides, Montand.
Distribution. Burma.
Subrotundate; head rather longer than the breadth between
eyes, which are elongate and posteriorly immersed in the anterior
lateral margins of the pronotum, rounded in front and posteriorly
elongated, its central basal margin truncate; pronotum broad,
its lateral marginal areas ampliated, its posterior angles acuminate,
its posterior margin ridged; scutellum broad, subtriangular ;
hemelytra with the membrane obsolete, the longitudinal suture
very distinctly notched beyond middle, the basal area marginally
convexly rounded and covering abdomen, and then obliquely
narrowed to apex exposing connexivum, the segments of which
-are bispinous ; anterior femora in the male strongly dilated and
concavely sinuate anteriorly; anterior tibie strongly arcuate
and internally broadly dentate beyond middle, intermediate and
posterior tibie internally clothed with fine long hairs.
1500. Gestroiella iimnocoroides, Montand. Ann. Mus. Civ.. Gen.
Xxxvii, p. 371 (1897).
Above fuscous-brown, with three longitudinal fascie to head
and two irregular discal fasciz to pro-
notum dull castaneous; body beneath
pale brown, legs beneath and mottlings
to their upper surface pale castaneous ;
body depressed, longer than broad ;
pronotum with a series of transverse
strie behind the posterior prolongation
of head; scutellum transversely ridged
anteriorly ; hemelytra, excluding lateral
marginal areas, subverrucose ; con-
Fig. 17.—Gestroiella nexivum strongly spinous.
limnocoroides. Length 17 to 19; greatest breadth
133 to 143 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karennee (/a).
Montandon’s type is here figured.
28 NAUCORID A.
Subfamily II. LACCOCORIN &.
Laccocorinee, Montand. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii, p. 435, 1897.
Laccocoraria (part.), Sta/, En. “Hem. V5 D: 142 (1876).
Rostrum short; anterior margin of pronotum not or only
obtusely sinuate ; ‘oula short, neither tumid nor tectiform; eyes
in some genera outwar dly laminately marginate, sublobate ; anterior
tarsi variable.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Eyes with an external process between their
outer margin and the anterior angle of the
pronotum.
a. Eyes anteriorly divergent ............ DiaPrHoROCORIS, p. 28.
b. Eyes anteriorly conv ergent Ate vrureher saphatr HELEOCORIS, p. 29.
B. Eyes without external process .......... CTENIPOCORIS, p. 32.
Genus DIAPHOROCORIS.
Diaphorocoris, Montand. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xli, p. 61 (1897); ad.
Verh, z.-b. Ges. W ten, xlvii, p. 436 (1897).
Type, D. punctatissimus, Kirby.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Body oblong; head large and broad, eyes very divergent, over-
hanging the anterior margin of the pronotum, with a triangular
external process occupying the space between the middle of the
eye and the anterior angle of the pronotum ; pronotum transverse,
a little longer than the median line of the head, more than two
and a half times broader between the lateral angles than medially
long; scutellum very large; claval suture a little shorter than
scutellum; membrane well developed, valvular; connexivum
almost invisible above; anterior femora moderately thickened, the
tibize straight and the tarsi two-jointed ; labrum transverse, rounded
in front ; mesosternum tumid before the intermediate coxe.
1501. Diaphorocoris punctatissimus, Kirby (Naucoris ?), J. Linn.
Soc., Zool. p. 125 (1891); Montand.
(Diaphorocoris), Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien,
xlvii, p. 445 (1897).
Diaphorocoris notatus, Montand.
Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xii, p. 61, 1897.
Reddish-testaceous, very thickly punc-
tured ; lateral areas of pronotum, outer
process to eyes, and basal lateral mar-
gins of corium, with a detached central
spot to same, ochraceous ; body beneath
and legs almost entirely ochraceous.
A strong peculiarity of this species is
its thickly punctate upper surface ; the
Fig. 18. eyes are black, and the posterior margin
Diaphorocoris punctatissimus. of the pronotum and the whole of the
scutellum more or less piceous; the
scutellum is finely granulose, with its apex paler; membrane
piceous.
Length 7 to 74 millim.
HELEOCORIS. 29
Hab, Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Green).
Found on wet rocks by running water (Z. E. Geen).
Genus HELEOCORIS.
Heleocoris, Stal, En. Hem. v, pp. 142 & 146 (1876); Montand.
Verh. z-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii, p. 436 (1897).
Type, H. obliquatus, Spin.*
Distribution. Very widely distributed ; at present recorded from
all the principal zoological regions excepting the Nearctic and
Australasian.
This genus is to be primarily separated from the preceding one
(Diaphorocoris) by the structure of the eyes, which are subparallel
and slightly converging anteriorly ; disk of the pronotum regularly
and uniformly convex ; connexivum posteriorly visible; the corium
a little cbliquely narrowed from above middle to apex ; membrane
small.
1502. Heleocoris strabus, Montand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii,
p. 372 (1887); 2d. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii, p. 447 (1897).
Head and pronotum fuscous; three spots on anterior margin
of head, the process beyond eyes,
and the lateral margins of the pro-
notum more or less ochraceous, the
last with some small fuscous spots ;
hemelytra and scutellum piceous, basal
lateral margin of corium and exposed
connexivum ochraceous ; body beneath
and legs ochraceous, a spot on each side
of head beneath piceous ; abdomen
brownish-ochraceous, lateral margins of
the hemelytra abruptly and strongly
sinuate behind the embolium, where it is
Fig. 19.—Heleocoris strabus. truncately cut ; lateral posterior angles
of the pronotum obliquely truncate ;
eyes anteriorly converging their whole length ; claval suture as
long as the scutellum.
Length 11 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Thagata (fea).
Montandon’s type, by the courtesy of Dr. Gestro, is here figured.
1503. Heleocoris breviceps, Montand. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xii, p. 55
(1897) ; 2d. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii, p. 447 (1897).
Body oval in form, widened at middle and about equally
attenuated both anteriorly and posteriorly; yellow, with brown
* St&l made H. obliquatus, Spin., the type of his genus, from a specimen he
thus identified in the collection of Signoret. Montandon, who has since
examined this specimen, doubts its being Spinola’s species. In that case I
would propose that H. strabus, Montand., be considered the type of Heleocoris.
30 NAUCORIDE.
impressions and spots on head, pronotum, embolium, and underside
of body; legs entirely yellow ; scutellum and hemelytra brownish.
Inner margins of eyes parallel, in form much enlarged; scutellum
blackish-brown with the disk narrowly yellow; hemelytra brown ;
embolium largely yellow, the yellow tint fading at its inner
margin; intraocular area of head marked on each side by two
small foveations, situate one before, the other near the auterior
portion of the inner margin of the eyes ; abdomen beneath largely
blackish with its apex yellowish. :
Length 9:5; breadth 6°5 millim.
Hab. “Indes orientales ” (Coll. Signoret).
1504. Heleocoris bergrothi, Montand. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii,
pp. 447 & 452 (1897).
Largely oval; palely yellow with brown points forming indistinct
spots on the head and pronotum ; scutellum black with its apex
yellow ; hemelytra blackish-brown with the embolium largely
yellowish; eyes as long as broad, their inner margins parallel ;
intraocular area of head with two small somewhat rounded con-
colorous foveations on each side, one situate a little in front of
the middle of the inner margin of eye, the other placed more
anteriorly ; a lozenge-shaped spot formed of small brown points
on the vertex and base of head, from which anteriorly emerge two
lines of brown points which do not reach the anterior margin of
the head; pronotum transverse, the lateral margins arcuate, the
lateral posterior angles acute, the surface densely and finely
punctate, granulose, somewhat finely transversely wrinkled ; scu-
tellum very finely granulose, black, with a yellow V-shaped discal
spot ; connexivum, body beneath, and legs entirely pale yellowish.
Length 9°7; breadth 6°8 millim.
Hab, Utakamand.
1505. Heleccoris leviceps, Montand. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii,
p. 448 (1897).
Oval, yellowish, a little ochraceous with brown punctures and
spots forming distinct shadings on head and pronotum ; scutellum
black ; hemelytra brown, with the outer margin of the embolium
yellowish ; intraocular area to head marked on each edge by a
faint longitudinal finely punctured depression at inner margin of
eye; head smooth on the anterior half, largely brown on all the
median portion longitudinally to its anterior margin; claval suture
a little longer than half the length of the scutellum ; pronotum
with its lateral margins nearly straight, slightly arcuated, the
posterior angle somewhat rounded ; scutellum finely and densely
granulose, with the lateral margins obtusely but distinctly sinuate
before the middle.
Length 8; breadth 5 milim.
Hab. Tenasserim.
HELEOCORIS. 31
1506. Heleocoris elongatus, Montand. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xli, p. 59
(1897) ; wd. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wren, xlvii, p. 446 (1897).
Elongately oval, of a clear yellow tint densely punctured with
black on the head and pronotum; scutellum and hemelytra brown
with the embolium largely yellowish ; lateral margins of the intra-
ocular area to head marked on each side by three small dark
depressions placed longitudinally at inner margins of eyes; head
finely and densely punctured and granulose to the extremity, more
or less punctured with brown, but without the longitudinal median
brown spot as in H. leviceps; claval suture a little longer
than half the length of the scutellum ; body beneath entirely
yellow; pronotum “with the lateral mar gins very slightly arcuated,
nearly straight, the lateral posterior angles rounded, not prominent
behind, the. posterior edge straight ; embolium of hemelvtra a
little enlarged, yellow at base and along the outer margin, the
yellow margin bisinuated at its inner edge by two brown spots ;
membrane dark brow n, well developed, largely valvular; con-
nexiyum yellow, with a ‘straight transverse brow n fascia on the
posterior margins of the segments,
Length 8; breadth 43 millim.
Hab. “ Indes orientales ” (Stockholin Mus.).
1507. Heleocoris indicus, Montand. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii, p. 450
(1897).
Oval, flavescent with brown punctures more or less dense
forming small ill-defined shadings on the head and pronotum ;
* scutellum and hemelytra dark brown, a median longitudinal line
to the scutellum and a large portion of the embolium yellowish.
Differs from H. elongatus by its more oval and less elongate
form; the claval suture nearly as long as the length of the scu-
tellum ; underside of body entirely yellowish ; : pronotum with the
lateral margins nearly straight, very slightly arcuated, the pos-
terior angles subtruncate ; embolium of the hemelytra yellowish,
with a medial brown spot on its inner margin and another spot
at its apex; connexivum yellow, very narrowly darkened on the
outer edge of the posterior angles of each segment.
Length 81; breadth 54 millim.
ise Madras Province; Bellary (Paris Aus.).
1508. Heleocoris obliquatus, Sprn. (Naucoris) Ess. p. 54. 4 (1837);
Stal (Heleocoris), En. Hem. v, p. 146 (1876),
“Size of Naucoris maculata, Fabr. (a Palearctic species). Head
and pronotum regularly spotted with grey or black ; the last pro-
portionally shorter and wider ; seutellum black, “ts apex pale ;
hemelytra black, outer margin pale near base ; salen side of body
and legs pale. Pronotum not distinct] y bordered with a marginal
furrow, the posterior angles terminating obliquely.” (Spznola.)
Hab. Bombay.
This must be considered, at least for the present, a species of
32 NAUCORIDE.
9
doubtful position in generic classification. I do not know it, nor
am Taware of any collection that contains an authentically identified
specimen.
1509. Heleocoris (?) acuta, Spin. (Naucoris) Ess. p. 55. 5 (1887).
This is another species of doubtful location, the male of which is
described by Spinola as resembling by the colours above, the male
of the preceding species H. obliquatus, but differing notably by the
shape of the pronotum, which is not perceptibly ‘ reborde,” with
no marginal furrow, the posterior angles acute ; while the body is
a little longer and broader.
No dimensions given in the description.
Hab. Bombay (Dupont).
Genus CTENIPOCORIS.
Ctenipocoris, Montand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 373 (1897) ;
id. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvui, p. 456 (1897).
Type, C. asiaticus, Montand.
Distribution. Burma.
Body oval ; head moderately convex above the eyes, converging
anteriorly, but the external process beyond them, as in the two
preceding genera, practically wanting ; scutellum very large, much
broader than long, claval suture little more than half the length
of scutellum ; hemelytra completely covering the abdomen, mem-
brane well developed; anterior femora dilated, the tarsi two-
jointed, the intermediate and posterior tibie armed with long
strong spines.
1510. Ctenipocoris asiaticus, Montand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii,
p- 374 (1897).
Head and pronotum ochraceous ; scu-
tellum and hemelytra piceous, margins
of the last ochraceous; body beneath
greyishly piceous ; head beneath, lateral
areas of prosternum, rostrum, legs, and
central longitudinal fascia to abdomen
—not reaching base—ochraceous ; head
with two small central spots on anterior
areas, Inner margins of eyes, and an
oblique spot before them _piceous ;
Fig. 20. pronotum with a subbasal transverse
Ctenipocoris asiaticus, piceous line and with a few small spots
of the same colour; posterior lateral
margins of the scutellum narrowly, obscurely ochraceous ; claval
suture margined with obscure ochraceous ; spines to the inter-
mediate and posterior tibize brownish.
Length 7 to 8 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karennee (ea).
Montandon’s type is here figured.
THURSELINUS. 33
Subfamily III. NAUCORIN&.
Naucoraria, Sta, En. Hem. v, p. 141 (1876).
Mesosternum Jongitudinally tumid or obtusely tectiform ; meta-
sternum moderately elevated ; pronotum at base about one-third
broader than the length of head and pronotum together ; head
large, broad and long; pronotum anteriorly profoundly sinuate
for the reception of the head, its anterior angles somewhat longly
anteriorly produced and extending to, or nearly to, the middle of
the eyes, which are anteriorly more or less convergent ; body sub-
oval or ovate.
Genus THURSELINUS.
Thurselinus, Dist. Entomologist, xxxvii, p. 259 (1904).
Type, 7. greeni, Dist.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Body ovate, moderately convex; head very large, almost as
long as pronotum, rather more than one-third broader between
eyes than long; eyes elongate, much narrowed, and slightly con-
verging anteriorly ; labrum rounded, reaching base of second joint
of rostrum; pronotum scarcely broader than base of hemelytra,
only slightly narrowed anteriorly, its anterior angles not reaching
the middle of eyes ; scutellum short, about twice as broad at base
as long; hemelytra complete; mesonotum medially carinately
longitudinally elevated; anterior femora ampliated, inwardly
notched towards base.
Differs from Macrocoris * by the much larger and broader head,
anterior angles of pronotum not reaching the middle of eyes,
shorter and broader scutellum, &e.
1511. Thurselinus greeni, Dist. Entomologist, xxxvii, p. 259 (1904).
Ochraceous; scutellum brownish-ochra-
ceous ; eyes black ; basal area of pronotum
with some longitudinal piceous lines ;
body beneath and legs uniformly ochra-
ceous ; membrane clouded with pale fus-
cous ; head almost as long as pronotum,
its anterior margin convex, with a some-
what flattened central basal space ; pro-
notum transversely striate near anterior
margin, very finely and obscurely punctate,
Thurselinus greeni. the lateral margins slightly rounded, a
little narrowed anteriorly, but almost sub-
parallel ; scutellum very finely granulose, broadly subtriangular ;
connexivum piceous at segmental incisures.
Length 6 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Keshewa (Green).
* A genus represented by a species from Madagascar.
VOL. III, D
34 BELOSTOMATID®.
Family BELOSTOMATID.
Belostomides, Duf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1863, p. 874.
Belostomiden, Mayr, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xiii, p. 839 (1863); 2d.
tom. cit. xxi, p. 899 (1871).
Belostomatida, Sta, Hem. Afr. ili, p. 178 (1865).
Body more or less depressed; head in front of eyes triangularly
or conically produced; rostrum short, three-jointed; abdominal
appendages short ; legs natatorial, the anterior legs raptorial, the
anterior coxee inserted in the anterior area of the prosternum.
These water-bugs have long been known from the peculiar
sexual characteristic of carrying their eggs in a cemented form on
their back, or upper surface. This was till recently supposed to
be a female habit, and it had been authoritatively asserted that
she placed them on her back by the aid of her ovipositor. This
has now been experimentally disproved by Miss F. W. Slater
(‘American Naturalist’), and the male is the egg carrier, the eggs
being apparently forcibly attached to him by the female (abstract,
‘ Zoologist,’ 1900, p. 93).
Synopsis of Genera.
A Posterior tibie and tarsi not prominently
compressed.
a. Head moderately conically produced and
tumid above; membrane well developed. NEcrocoris, p. 34.
b. Head subtriangularly but not conically pro-
duced; membrane somewhat small .... SpHa#RODEMA, p. 35.
B. Posterior tibiz and tarsi prominently am-
pliateliy.compressed.: ..\. Wien sancti lain BELOSTOMA, p. 37.
Genus NECTOCORIS.
Nectocoris, Mayr, Verh. z.-b. Ges, Wien, xxi, p. 482 (1871).
Type, WV. stéli, Mayr.
Distribution. As at present known—Oriental.
Body small, depressed, elongately subovate ; head moderately
conically produced in front of eyes, centrally tumid, profoundly
sulcate at inner margins of eyes; rostrum with the second joint
longest ; pronotum with the lateral margins straight, a little ampli-
ated, the posterior margin truncate, anterior margin moderately
sinuate before base of head; scutellum subequilateral ; hemelytra
with the outer areas moderately convexly ampliate, membrane
complete, longitudinally veined ; anterior tarsi with two claws.
SPH ERODEMA. 35
1512. Nectocoris st&li, Mayr, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxi, p. 432
(1871).
Ochraceous, variegated with fuscous ;
legs ochraceous, femora more or less
spotted or suffused with fuscous, the ante-
rior tibis with three fuscous annulations ;
head with the disk distinctly ovally tumid,
but depressed before the inner margins of
eyes; subbasal transverse impression to
pronotum medially subobsolete, but pro-
found at each end; claval suture almost
as long as scutellum: embolium of hem-
elytra a little paler in hue.
Fig. 22. Length 11 to 12 millim.
Nectocoris stali. Hab. Burma; Rangoon (ea),
Genus SPHHXRODEMA.
Spheerodema, Lap. Ess. Hém. p. 18 (1852) ; Montand. Bull. Soc. Sct.
Bucarest, ix, p. 264 (1900) ; zd. tom. cit. xii, p. 120 (1903).
Diplonychus, Amy. & Serv. (nec Lap.) Hém. p. 436 (1843); Mayr,
erh, z.-b, Ges. Wien, xxi, p. 4385 (1871).
Appasus, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 430 (1843); Mayr, Verh. 2.-b. Ges.
Wren, xxi, p. 485 (1871).
Nervinops, Duf Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1863, p. 398.
Type, S. annulata, Fabr.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australasian Regions, and
Southern and Eastern Palearctic Regions.
Body depressed, more or less ovate or subovate ; head before
eyes subtriangularly but not conically produced ; rostrum with
the second joint longest; pronotum trapeziform, the anterior
margin moderately sinuate, posterior margin subtruncate, lateral
margins nearly straight and moderately ampliate ; scutellum sub-
equilateral; hemelytra with the membrane distinct but sometimes
very small, outer area moderately convexly ampliate ; anterior
femora incrassate, tarsi two-jointed; anterior tarsal claws two,
sometimes very short.
A. Body very broad ; greatest expanse of hemelytra together almost
equal to thew length ; head as long as breadth between eyes.
1513. Spherodema annulatum, Fubr. (Nepa) Syst. Rhyng. p. 106
(1803) ; Duf. (Spheerodema) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1863, p. 397 ;
Mayr, Verh. z-b. Ges. Wien, xxi, p. 434 (1871).
Spherodema rotundata, Lap. Ess. Hém. p. 18 (1852).
Belostoma marginata, Gray, in Griffith’s Animal Kingd., Insect.
ii, p. 248, tab. xciii, fig. 4 (1882).
Ochraceous or ochraceous-brown, the lateral margins of the
D2
36 BELOSTOMATID2®.
pronotum and the embolium of the hemelytra always paler in hue;
abdomen beneath with its disk shining, its sublateral margins and
the disk of the sternum greyishly opaque; head about as long as
space between eyes, which are elongately oblique; pronotum
thickly finely punctate, with a central longitudinal and a subbasal
transverse discal incised line, two subanterior discal foveations ;
scutellum and corium thickly and very finely punctate; membrane
small ; embolium convexly amplate with its outer margin a little
reflexed.
Length 21 to 22; greatest breadth of hemelytra 16 to
17 millim.
Hab, Sind. Silhet. Calcutta Tanks (dnd. Mus.)
B. Greatest expanse of hemelytra together shorter than their length ;
head shorter than breadth between eyes.
a. Anterior tarsal claws short.
1514. Spherodema rusticum, Fubr. (Nepa) Syst. Rhyng. p. 106
(1808) ; Duf. (Nervinops) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, 1863, p. 399
(part.) ; Mayr (Diplonychus), Verh. 2.-b. Ges, Wien, xxi, p. 438
LSeal).
? Nena ee Sulz. Abgek. Gesch. d. Ins. p. 92, tab. x, fig. 2
1776).
Vi ‘ a aieallia Duf. (Appasus) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1863, p. 393.
Ochraceous or ochraceous-brown, the
lateral and basal margins of pronotum and
the embolium always paler; body beneath
and legs concolorous, ochraceous; head
shorter than breadth between eyes, which
are obliquely converging ; pronotum, scu-
tellum, and corium very thickly and finely
punctate; membrane small; anterior tarsal
claws short.
Length 15 to 16; greatest breadth
Fig. 23. 9 to 94 millim.
Spherodema rusticum. Hab. Bombay (Leith). Ceylon; Colombo
(Coll. Dist.). Burma; Mandalay, Teinzo
(Fea).—Siam ; Malay Peninsula. Sumatra. Java. Philippines.
China. Australia ; Queensland (Coll. Dist.).
The specimen figured represents the var. marginicollis, Duf.
b. Anterior tarsal claws moderately long.
1515. Spherodema molestum, Duf. (Appasus) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fv.
1863, p. 895; Mayr (Diplonychus), Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxi
p. 487 (1871).
Nervinops rusticus, Duf. Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr, 1863, p. 599 (part.).
BELOSTOMA. on
Diplonychus subrhombeus, Mayr, Verh. 2-b. Ges. Wien, xxi,
p. 487 (1871).
A little broader than S. vustiewm, head shorter and broader,
posterior angles of pronotum a little more obtuse and less acute,
anterior tarsal claws longer. In the Montandon collection of
Belostomatide acquired by the British Museum there is a cotype
of Dufour’s species S. molestum, and another determined by Mayr
as his S. swbrhombeus, which I cannot separate, and which are
evidently conspecific, differing only in size, the last being
smallest.
Length 133 to 174 millim.
Hab. Kashmir (Vienna Mus.); Caleutta Tanks (nd. Mus.).—
Malacca (Coll. Sign.).
Genus BELOSTOMA.
Belostoma, Lat. Gen. Crust. et Ins. iii, p. 144 (1807); Amy. § Serv.
Hém. p. 427 (1848); Feb. Gen. Hydroe. pole tab (1851);
Duf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1868, p. 379; Stél, Hem. Afr. iii,
p. 182 (1865); Mayr, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxi, pp. 402 & 422
(1871).
Belostomum, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii, 1, p. a ee
Amorgius, Stal, Hem, Afr. iii, p. 179 (1865
Type, B. indicum, Lep. & Serv.
Distribution. Eastern Palearctic and the other great zoo-
geographical regions.
Body very large, narrowly elliptical; head before eyes a little
conically produced, and between the eyes narrow ; rostrum very
thick, second joint much the longest ; pronotum trapezoidal,
anteriorly centrally truncate and posteriorly moderately sinuate ;
scutellum a little broader than long; hemelytra with distinct
membrane provided with longitudinal veins; legs of moderate
length ; anterior coxe short, not extending beyond the base of the
prosternum ; femora compressed, anterior femora incrassate and
suleated beneath ; posterior tibiz and tarsi ampliately compressed ;
tarsi two-jointed ; anterior tarsi with one claw, intermediate and
posterior tarsi provided with two.
These large and widely-distributed insects, though aquatic in
habit, are more frequently met with on their land excursions.
They are greatly attracted by light, and are frequent visitors to
the electric lights now so common on the roads in most civilised
communities. At ‘rinidad, where the largest species is found,
it is known by the name of the “ Electric Bug,” and in the
Transvaal I took most of the South-African species (B. niloticum)
at the lights of Pretoria. Its proboscis is capable of producing
avery painful puncture, of which I have had more than one
experience.
Only one very widely-distributed species is found in the fauna
of British India.
38 BELOSTOMATID ©.
1516. Belostoma indicum, Zep. § Serv. Encyel. Méth. x, p. 272 (1775);
Amy. § Serv. Hém. p.429 (1843); Mayr, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien,
xxi, p. 426 (1871); Green (Amorgius), Entomologist, Xxxiv,
p. 113 (1901).
Head, pronotum, and scutellum dark brownish ochraceous ;
pronotum with the posterior and lateral margins and some longi-
tudinal discal fascie paler ochraceous; scutellum with a fascia
near basal angles, a narrow central line, and the apical area paler
ochraceous ; hemelytra ochraceous with darker suffusions, of which
Fig. 24.— Belostoma indicum.
the principal ones are on the clavus and discal areas of corium ;
body beneath of a duller and more opaque brownish hue ; posterior
lateral margins and apex of abdomen beneath pale ochraceous,
sternum more or less margined and suffused with the same
colour ; femora streaked above and more or less banded beneath
with fuscous.
Length 62 to 82 millim.
Hab. Sind (Coll. Dist.); Malabar, Bhowani River; Bombay
(Leith & Divon); Trivandrum. Ceylon (Green). Burma, North-
west: District (Coll. Dist.). North Chin Hills (Watson). Karennee
Teinzo (Fea). Tenasserim, Malewoon (fea).—Malay Peninsula.
Prov. Wellesley (Distant). Sumatra (Forbes & Bock). Java.
Philippines (Semper).
BELOSTOMA. 39
Mr. E. E. Green (supra) has given some most interesting facts
relating to the life-history of this species. From observations
made on specimens kept in a large glass aquarium, he observed
that they were sluggish creatures and remain during daytime
with the tip of the tail projecting above the surface of the
water, seldom moving unless disturbed. He was of opinion that
the natural food of the species is such large insects or small
terrestrial animals as fall accidentally into the water ; it will also
feed upon frogs when it can catch them. Large horny beetles,
such as Oryctes, and large grasshoppers were also taken.
Every fresh specimen that Mr. Green examined was infested
by a peculiar elongate parasite or water-mite (fam. Hydrachnide),
some species of which attack most water-bugs.
40 NOTONECTID
Family NOTONECTID.
Notonectee, Fieb. Rhynchotogr. p. 45 (1851).
Notonectide, Curtis, Brit. Entom. i, p. 10, pl. 10 (1824) ; Kirk. Tr.
E. 8S. 1897, p. 394.
Notonectida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 190 (1865).
Body oblong, convex ; eves large ; ocelli absent ; antenne short,
four-jointed; rostrum three- or four-jointed; scutellum large,
triangular; anterior legs inserted at the posterior margin of the
pronotum.
Synopsis of Subfamilies.
A. Posterior tibize and tarsi ciliate; abdomen
beneath centrally carinate ; rostrum four-
jointed ; eyes large and conspicuous ........ Notonectine.
B. Posterior tibize and tarsi not ciliate; abdomen
beneath not carinate ; rostrum three-jointed ;
GyeS mielll sya oo oes ona dau sooo a oon oL oF Pleine.
Subfamily I. NOTONECTIN A.
Notonectine, Airk. Tr. E. S. 1897, p. 894.
The characters for this subfamily having already been detailed,
it only remains to define the genera.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Pronotum moderately long, not transverse.
a. Last joint of antennz: much shorter than penul-
timate joint; posterior tarsi not provided
UA UN UICULL 3y a 21o mioier-Nanehe cuss etotorerstoteient Noronecta, p. 40.
b. Last joint of antennzee much longer than pen-
ultimate joint ; posterior tarsi provided with
LIT UICU] Layee oka ofniey ars tessrora arene eens .... ANISops, p. 44.
B. Pronotum short, transverse, its anterior angles
oveately excavate ........... seer eso meas) CUNITHARES. p42,
Genus NOTONECTA.
Notonecta, Zinn. Syst. Nat. ed. x, p. 439 (1758) ; Fieb, Rhynchotogr.
p 48 (1851); Saund. Hem. Heteropt. Brit, Isids. p. 329 (1892) ;
Kirk. Tr. E. 8. 1897, p. 397.
Type, WV. glauca, Linn.
Distribution. Practically universal.
* Unguiculi=hooks of tarsal claws.
NOTONECTA. 41
Head broad, eyes large, interocular space varying in breadth
and shape; rostrum four-jointed; pronotum trapeziform, trans-
verse, strongly convex, anterior margin a little centrally produced,
lateral margins obliquely straight, the posterior lateral angles very
slightly subprominent ; scutellum large, almost triangular; hem-
elytra complete, membrane distinct ; abdomen beneath ciliate on
lateral areas and at apex, and centrally longitudinally carinate ;
tarsi two-jointed ; intermediate femora with a prominent tooth
near apex.
These insects, commonly known in this country as the ‘ Water
Boatman,” swim on their backs. Their eggs are inserted into the
stems of aquatic plants. They are extremely predaceous and will
attack small fish, tadpoles, small frogs, &c., as keepers of aquaria
have learned by experience.
1517. Notonecta montandoni, Kirk. A.M. N. H. (6) xx, p. 56 (1897);
id. Tr. EB. S. 1897, p. 417.
Eyes, scutellum, membrane, and body beneath black ; head, pro-
notum, legs, and connexivum more or
less ochraceous ; corium purplish-red, in
some specimens the clavus is more or
less irregularly marked with black, and,
according to the description, sometimes
‘a broad undulatory band runs across
the corium,’ which I have only seen in
specimens from China. — Interocular
space very narrow at base and then
outwardly obliquely divergent, the base
little more than half the breadth of
apex.
Length 15 to 17 millim.
Hab. Burma: Karennee (Fea); Ruby
Fig. 25. Mines (Doherty).— Tibet, Mou-pin
Notonecta montandoni. (Paris Mus.). China: Kiang-si (Paris
Mus.) ; Chang Yang (Pratt).
1518. Notonecta glauca, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x, p. 439 (1758); Dist.
Sec. Yark. Miss., Rhynch. p. 18 (1879); for full syn. cf. Airk.
Tr. #. S. 1897, p. 419.
A very variable species in coloration, of which many varietal
forms have been described, one of which is found in British
India; this is the variety N. marginata, Mill. Zool. Dan. p. 104
(1776), which has been thus diagnosed by Kirkaldy (supra) :—
“ Hemelytra bluish-black or dull black ; clavus luteous except
at the sutural margins ; a longitudinal luteous fascia, varying in
length, at the base of the endo- and mesocorium ; in many indivi-
duals there are one or two ferruginous spots near the apical margin
of the corium.”
49 NOTONECTID ®.
In this species the breadth and shape of the interocular space
(notocephalon and synthlipes, Kirk.) cannot be relied on as a
specific character, if those specimens returned to me by Mr. Kirk-
aldy himself, labelled ‘* VV. glauca,” are to be relied on.
Length 14 to 17 millim.
Hab. Kashmir, Sind Valley (fide Kirkaldy).—Generally distri-
buted throughout the Palzearctic Region.
It was taken by Dr. Stoliczka (var. marmorea, Fabr.) at Yarkand.
Genus ENITHARES.
Enithares, Spin. Ess. Hém. p. 60 (1837) ; Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 190
(1865); Kirk. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 95 (1904).
Bothronotus, Fieb. Rhynchotogr. p. 46 (1851).
Enithara, Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (8) viii, p. 971 (1860).
Type, 2. indica, Fabr.
Distribution. Neotropical, Ethiopian, Australasian, and Oriental
Regions ; also found in China.
This genus may be easily separated from Notonecta by the
shorter, transverse pronotum and by the foveately excavate ante-
rior angles of the same; this is so apparent a character that minor
differences may be ignored in this work, which has a faunistic and
not taxonomic inception.
1519. Enithares indica, Fadr. (Notonecta) Syst. Rhyng. p. 103. 7
(1803) ; Sta (Enithares), Hem. Fabr. i, p. 186 (1868); Kirk.
Entomol. xxxiii, p. 10 (1900).
Notonecta abbreviata, Walk. (MS.) in Tennent's ‘ Ceylon,’ ed. 2,
i, p. 295 (1859) ; Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 126 (1891) ;
Kirk, (Enithares) Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 109 (1904).
Head and pronotum ochraceous, basal
area of pronotum more or less piceous;
scutellum black, with a curved pale ochra-
ceous fascia (sometimes almost obsolete) on
each lateral area; hemelytra black, basal
and lateral areas and usually an apical
spot to corium and apical area of mem-
brane more or less pale ochraceous ; body
beneath piceous, lateral margins and legs
pale ochraceous ; interocular space much
narrowed at base, ampliated anteriorly.
Length 84 to 10 millim.
Hab. Tranquebar. Bombay (Dixon).
Fig. 26.—Enithares indica, Trivandrum. Ceylon (Green). Andaman
Islands (de Roepstorff).—Java, Sumatra.
Frequents more or less stagnant water, paddy-fields, ditches,
&e. (H. E. Green).
Kirkaldy, apparently on the axiom “once a synonym always a
ENITHARES. 43
synonym,” sinks the Fabrician name, although he states it is
distinct from Linnzeus’s species V. indica, which is a true Noto-
necta. We cannot follow this—to us—unnecessary alteration.
1520. Enithares marginata, Fieb. (Bothronotus) Rhynchotogr. p. 47
(1851) ; Kirk. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 108 (1904).
Luteous ; tegmina subhyaline, a whitish stripe on the terminal
suture ; wings dirty whitish, basal half blackish-brown ; front and
middle femora brownish on upperside at base. Elongate; head
strongly projecting before the eyes; neck-groove brownish ; upper
lip triangular, shortly pointed, with sloping sides ; tegmina strongly
punctured, covered with very fine granules and with fine long
hair ; embolium long, luteous; a white stripe of thicker substance
on the terminal suture of the corium; margin of scutellum and
terminal edge yellow; membrane subhyaline, with the usual
coarse opaque basal pieces present, hinder back and back of the
tibize blackish-brown ; the last tibise set with whitish hairs, as well
as the terminal piece and the whitish spots on the lateral margin ;
underside blackish ; middle keel and connexivum dirty yellow, with
a brown hind border; middle tibie at the end with one tooth.
Length ‘32 lines.”
Hab. “ Hinterindien” (Dr. Helfer).
I have not seen this species.
1521. Enithares lineatipes, Horv. Term. Fiizetek, xii, p. 89 (1889) ;
Kirk, Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 103 (1904).
sp. ?, Dist. See. Yark. Miss., Rhynch. p. 13 (1879).
Palely testaceous or flavous-testaceous ; interocular space with
two central fuscous spots and a smaller one a little before base ;
scutellum with a triangular spot at each basal angle, and some-
times with a large central somewhat rounded spot, black; hem-
elytra dull brownish-ochraceous ; abdomen beneath fuscous, the
lateral margins and central carination paler ; temora longitudinally
linearly fuscous; eyes large, their outer margins projecting a
little beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum; the face with
four distinct impressions; lateral pronotal margins strongly
convex.
Length 11 millim.
Hab. Himalaya (Mus. Nat. Hongrois). Jhelam Valley (Stoliczka) ;
Tenasserim ; Plapoo (/ea).
1522. Enithares templetoni, Kirby (Notonecta), J. Linn. Soc., Zool.
xxiv, p. 126 (1891); Avrk. (Enithares) Entomol. xxxiii, p. 10
(1900) ; 2d. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxii, p. 102 (1904).
Very closely allied to £. lineatipes, but with the lateral margins
of the pronotum much less convex and more sinuate, the face less
distinctly impressed.
44 NOTONECTID #.
Head and pronotum pale ochraceous; anterior margins of
interocular space, anterior angular foveations to pronotum, and
sometimes basal area of pronotum, more or less piceous; scutellum
pale ochraceous, with a large central triangular basal spot and a
spot at each basal angle black; corium pale dull ochraceous, the
claval, inner, and apical areas and a posterior elongate submarginal
streak black; membrane black; body beneath and legs ochra-
ceous, the abdomen more or less fuscous ; lateral pronotal margins
obliquely sinuate.
Length 10 to 12 millim.
Hab. Bombay (Divon). Ceylon (Green).—Siamese Malay States.
1525. Enithares triangularis, Gué. (Notonecta) Icon, Regn. Anim.
iii, p. 354 (1844); Avrk. (Enithares) Entomol. xxxiii, p. 10
(1900) ; td. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 99 (1994).
Notonecta simplex, Walk. MS. in Tennent’s ‘Ceylon, ed. 2,
vol. i, p. 292 (1859) ; Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 125
(1891);
Somewhat closely resembling 2. templetoni, but larger, the
lateral margins of the interocular space more regularly curved and
less suddenly narrowed at base; pronotal lateral margins more
straightly oblique, less sinuate.
Head and pronotum pale ochraceous, the eyes and some con-
fluent spots on anterior area of pronotum fuscous; scutellum
ochraceous, a large basal triangular spot connected with a spot at
each basal angle black; corium ochraceous, inner margin and
apical area of clavus, apical area and a posterior submarginal
elongate streak to corium, black; membrane black, sometimes
paler at base ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, abdomen more
or less fuscous.
Length 14 to 154 millim.
Hab. Nilgiris (Paris Mus.); Trivandrum (Coll. Dist.) ; Trichi-
nopoly. Ceylon (Green).
Genus ANISOPS.
Anisops, Spin. Ess. Hém. p. 58 (1837); Fieb. Rhynchotogr. p. 97
(1851); Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 191 (1865); Kirk. Wien. ent.
Zeit. xxiii, p. 111 (1904).
Type, A. niveus, Fabr.
Distribution. Distributed throughout the principal zoo-geogra-
phical regions *.
This genus is allied to Notonecta by the non-transyerse pronotum,
thus differing from Enithares. From Notonecta it is distinguished by
* Kirkaldy has recently proposed a new genus, Buenoa, for the reception of
the Neotropical species.
ANISOPS. 45
all the tarsi being provided with claws, and in having the last
joint of the antenne longer than the penultimate joint, characters
reversed in Notonecta.
Three species, according to present knowledge, are found in
British India.
1524. Anisops sardea, Herr.-Schiiff. Wanz. Ins. ix, p. 40, fig. 904
(1852) ; Kirk. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 114 (1904) et syn.
Anisops nivea, Spin. nec Fabr. Ess. Hém. p. 58 (1837).
Anisops productus, feb. Rhynchotogr. p. 60 (1851); Stal, Hem.
Afr. iii, p. 191 (1865)...
Anisops natalensis, Sta/, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. xii, p. 89 (1855).
Notonecta nanula, Walk. Zoologist, p. 2381 (1870).
? Notonecta alba, Forskal, Descr, Anim. Orient. p. xxiii (1775).
Pale stramineous, eyes black; hemelytra sordid-grey. Male
with a long, triangular, obtuse apically-pointed cephalic pro-
jection, which is absent in the female. In both sexes there is a
Fig. 27.—Anisops sardea.
distinct foveate impression near each basal angle of the scutellum ;
the interocular space is very narrow at base.
Length 6 to 73 millim.
Hab. Bombay (Helfer). Burma: Minhla (Comotto).— Widely
distributed in S. Palearctic and Ethiopian Regions.
The sexes vary much in size, some females being larger than
small males. Kirkaldy, who seems to have examined a large
number of specimens, gives the dimensions as: ¢ 9-103, 9 7#-
83 millim., but I have seen no Oriental specimens that approach
that size.
The two specimens here figured were collected by Capt. Comotto
in Burma.
46 NOYONECTID &.
1525. Anisops fieberi, Kirk. Entomologist, 1901, p. 5; id. Wien. ent.
Zeit, xxiil, p. 116 (1904).
Anisops niveus, Feb, Rhynchotogr. p. 60 (1851), nec Fubr.
Almost indistinguishable from A. sardea, except in the male
sex, in which the cephalic projection is much shorter, less angu-
late, and more truncate anteriorly.
Length, ¢, 5 millim.
Hab. “ Distributed over Brit. India” (fide Kirkaldy). Ceylon
(Coll. Dist.). Celebes.
I possess only one male specimen of this species, which was
collected in Ceylon. It is probably anything but rare, but has
escaped the attention of collectors.
1526. Anisops niveus, Zubr. (Notonecta) Syst. Ent. p. 690 (1775) ;
Kirk. (Anisops) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1899, p. 105; ed. Wren.
ent. Zett. xxiii, p. 118 (1904).
Notonecta ciliata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 524 (1798).
Anisops hyalinus, Feb. Abh. bohm. Ges. Wiss. (5) vil, p. 482
(1851).
Anisops ciliatus, S/@/, Vet.-Ak. Handi. vii, 11, p. 137 (1868).
Anisops pellucens, Gerst. Van der Decken’s Reise, iii, 2, p. 424
(1873).
Anisops scutellaris, de Carl. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen, xxxv, p. 128
(1895).
This widely-distributed species is larger in size than the two
preceding, and differs also by the absence of the cephalic pro-
tuberance in the male. In colour it is very similar; the head
and pronotum are palest, the scutellum pale ochraceous, and the
hemelytra more or less shaded with pale fuliginous ; the pronotum
has usually two fuliginous spots both on the anterior and posterior
margins, though these are sometimes partly and often entirely
absent, and the same remark applies to two fuliginous spots at the
base of the scutellum ; the interocular space has a distinct central
longitudinal incised line.
Length 10 to 124 millim.
Hab. Bombay (Diwon). Probably generally distributed through-
out British India. Burma: Bhamo (fea).— Widely distributed in
the Ethiopian Region.
Subfamily II. PLEIN A.
Pleida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 192 (1865).
Pleine, Kirk, Tr. L. 8. 1897, p. 895; ante p. 40.
Of these minute insects we know comparatively little. Of the
genus Plea four species are here enumerated, a totally inadequate
record for British India, and one which will be considerably
augmented when more attention is paid to the collection and
observation of these small creatures.
PLEA. AT
Genus PLEA.
Plea, Leach, Tr. Linn. Soc. xii, p. 11 (1817) ; Saund. Hem. Het. Brit.
Islds. p. 5329 (1892); Kirk. Wren. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 126 (1904).
Ploa, Stephens, Cat. Brit. Ins. ii, p. 854 (1829).
Ploea, Dougl. § Scott, Cat. Brit. Hem. p. 61 (1876).
Type, P. minutissima, Fabr., a Palearctic species *.
Distribution. Palearctic and Oriental Regions; probably more
widely distributed.
Body not quite twice as long as wide; head broad, eyes
widely separated; rostrum three-jointed; pronotum rounded
anteriorly, lateral margins short, base considerably posteriorly
produced; scutellum small, triangular ; tegmina short, deflected
posteriorly and with no distinct membrane, a small portion is
divided by a suture near the exterior basal angle, which by some
entomologists has been regarded as homologous to an embolium;
legs simple, tarsi two-jointed.
1527. Plea liturata, Fieb. Abh. bohm. Ges. Wiss. (5) iii, p. 297, tab. 11,
fios. 4-6 (1845).
I only know this species by Fieber’s description and figure,
both of which are repro-
duced :—‘ Front with two
short dashes, eyes brown ;
a small black spot near
each lateral angle and a
similar one at central base
of pronotum ; corium with
a triangular transverse
fascia and a brown spot
at the apex. Dirty yel-
lowish punctured with
brown; two short brown
dashes on middle of front
Fig. 28.—Plea liturata, between eyes; pronotum
near the anterior margin
with two transverse callosities, the shoulder-angles and a pro-
tuberance on the middle of the hind margin with a small black
spot ; scutellum dirty yellow, with two longitudinal stripes broad
at base and transverse behind ; tegmina posteriorly almost per-
pendicularly truncate, rather more highly arched behind than
before, and a brown band with blackish dots in punctures ex-
tending to terminal angle of clavus, broad before the middle of
outer border, internally oblique and triangularly narrowed ; apex
of tegmina with an almost quadrangular brown spot; underside
brownish-yellow ; legs yellowish-white.”
Length about 2 millim.
Hab, “ Ostindien” (Dr. Helfer).
* M‘Gregor and Kirkaldy (Tr. Perthshire Soc. 1899, p. 5) have proposed,
for what they consider valid reason in the vexed question of priority in
nomenclature, that this species should be renamed P. leachi. I have, however,
here retained the well-known name.
48 NOTONECTID®.
1528. Plea frontalis, Fieb. Abh. bihm. Ges. Wiss, (5) iii, p. 296, taf. 1,
ff. 36-39 (1845); Kirk. Wren. ent. Zeit. xvii, p. 141 (1898) ;
ad, tom. cit. xxill, p. 128 (1904).
This is another species I only know by Fieber’s description and
figures.
“Front with three short dashes, two spots on back of
neck, eyes reddish-brown; scutellum yellowish-white ; clavus
with a brown spot in the terminal angles; posterior half of corium
apparently covered with brown dots. On the vertex two pale
brown approximate oval spots; on the front two pale brown
dashes, between which and somewhat lower is a shorter one;
terminal joint of the sheath of the rostrum black, basal joint
brown; eyes flattened, reddish-brown; pronotum and scutellum
unspotted like the tegmina, with shallow punctures, the inter-
mediate spaces smooth, almost as if polished, hairless; tegmina
rather higher arched behind than in front ; in the terminal angles
of the corium a little yellowish-brown spot ; the posterior half of
tegmina appears brownish, caused by dots in punctures ; tegmina
obliquely truncate behind, and with a series of fine brownish dots
in the ‘ gutter’ near the raised marginal keel, the margin hidden
by the overarching projecting sides; underside pitchy-brown ;
legs yellowish-white, apices of tarsi brown.”
Length 2 millim.
Hab. * Ostindien” (Dr. Helfer). Bengal, Pondicherry, Burma;
Rangoon (fide Kirkaldy).—Cochin-China (fide Kirkaldy).
1529. Plea pallescens, sp. n.
Above pale stramineous, the central posterior disk of pronotum
apparently discoloured; pronotum and corium coarsely punctate ;
scutellum much less or little punctate and more ochraceous in
hue; basal margin of head narrowly black; front practically un-
spotted; body beneath piceous, legs pale stramineous; base of
pronotum centrally slightly gibbous, the posterior pronotal margin
carinate.
Length 14 millim.
Hab. Calcutta Tanks.
1530. Plea buenoi, Kirk. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 128 (1904).
Strongly rather coarsely but not reticulately punctured, pale
yellowish, rather fuliginous ; head with a very short longitudinal
streak almost like a spot on the front, and with two very small
spots near the front end of the streak; head between the eyes
about as broad as the eyes.
Length 1:8; breadth 1:1 millim.
Hab. India; Pondicherry (Coll. Kirkaldy).
I know nothing more of this species than the description which
is here translated from the German in which it is published.
CORIXID®. 49
Family CORIXID.
Corisides, Amy. § Serv, Hém. p. 444 (1848).
Corisze, Feb. Eur. Hem. p. 22 (1861).
Corixina, Corixide, and Sigaride, Dougl. § Scott, Brit. Hem.
pp. 49 & 50 (1865).
Sigarida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 198 (1865).
Body depressed; head broad, as broad or broader than the
thorax ; ocelli none; rostrum short, concealed ; antenne short,
inserted under the margins of the head; thorax transverse ;
hemelvtra complete ; legs natatorial, the posterior setose ; anterior
tarsi one-jointed.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Antenne four-jointed ; scutellum covered.... Corrxa, p. 49.
5B. Antenne three-jointed ; scutellum not covered Muicronecra, p. 50.
Genus CORIXA.
Corixa, Geoffr. Hist. abrég. Ins. p. 477 (1762) ; Burm. Handb. Ent.
p. 186 (1835).
Corisa, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 445 (1843).
Sigara, Fubr. Syst. Ent. p. 691 (1775), part.
Type, C. geoffroyi, Leach, a Palearctic species.
Distribution. Almost universally distributed.
The salient characters, as given in the generic synopsis (supra),
will suffice here for purposes of identification. The genus is
probably of world-wide distribution.
1531. Corixa hieroglyphica, Duf. Hem. p. 86, ff. 85-87 (1883); Fieb.
Eur. Hem. p. 93 (1861); Saund. Hem. Het. Brit. Isids. p. 38
(1892) ; Kirk. Entomologist, 1898, p. 3.
Frontal impression of the male very deep, extending between
the eyes in a well-defined arch; greenish
or yellowish-grey ; pronotum with seven
or eight transverse black lines, which
are finely rastrate; clavus rastrate,
thickly mottled with short irregular
black lines, the base pale; corium not
rastrate, punctured, with short trans-
verse fragmentary dark markings ar-
ranged in three or four series; legs
a a8 entirely pale; pale of ¢ straight on the
ee heraglimtica: anterior edge, regularly curved on the
posterior.
Length 53 to 63 millim.
Hab. Assam; Khasi Hills ( fide Kirkaldy). North Bengal (Brit.
Mus.). Bombay (Brit. Mus.). Yarkand (Stoliczka).—A common
Palearctic species, and also found in North America.
WOLe LE. p
50 CORIXID.
Genus MICRONECTA.
Micronecta, Kirk. Entomologist, 1897, p. 260.
Sigara, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iv, p. 59 (1794), part.; id. Syst. Rhyng.
p. 104 (1803), part.
Type, WM. minutissima, Linn., a Palearctic species.
Distribution. Palearctic and Oriental Regions. Probably much
more widely distributed.
This genus, long known under the name of Sigara, is at once
distinguished from Coriwa by the exposed scutellum and the three-
jointed antenne. In distribution it is probably cosmopolitan.
1532. Micronecta striata, Feb. (Sigara) (nec Fabr.) Abh. k. bohm.
Ges. Wiss. v, 3, p. 292, taf. 1, ff. 22-24 (1844) ; Kerk. (Micro-
necta) Entomologist, 1898, p. 5.
Corixa albifrons, Motsch. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxvi, p. 94 (1863).
Corixa ovivora, Westw. Proc. Ent. Soc. 1871, p. iv; Kirk.
(Sigara) Entomologist, 1897, p. 288.
Sigara siva, Kirk. Entomologist, 1897, p. 240.
Head pale yellow, somewhat dis-
coloured at base; pronotum with the
anterior and posterior margins and a
central transverse line black ; hemelytra
with longitudinal black lines; body
beneath and legs uniformly pale yellow.
Length 3 to 4 millim.
Hab. Caleutta (Ind. Mus.). Madras
Presidency ; Canara. Ceylon (Coll.
3 Horvath).
Fig. 30 Mr. N. Annandale, in forwarding me
ig. 30. : ; :
Micponetta ststity. specimens of this species from Calcutta,
wrote :—‘“‘ In October they flew to my
lamp in numbers every day, evidently coming from a ‘tank’ a
few hundred yards away. Now (November) they are far less
numerous. The interesting point is that my rooms are at the top
of a house three stories high, and that therefore these insects
must have a lofty flight. I have not seen them at the tanks or
the story below, where I dine about once a week.” Under the
name of Coriva ovivora (supra) they were reported as destructive
to the ova of fishes.
1533. Micronecta haliploides, Horv. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. ii,
p. 594 (1904).
Oblong-ovate, convex, whitish-testaceous, shining ; head a little
broader than pronotum, anteriorly moderately produced, vertex
levigate, medially distinctly longer than it is on each side near eyes,
and with a medial minute basal fuscous tubercle ; pronotum short,
MICRONECTA. oil
with a transverse interrupted medial fuscous line, anterior and
posterior margins somewhat acute, nearly parallel, lateral margins
almost none; scutellum ferrugineo-testaceous ; hemelytra with
the margins broadly testaceous-white ; scutellum (clavus excepted)
eriseo-testaceous, strongly and remotely blackly punctate ; costal
margin palely flavo-testaceous, before and behind middle obso-
letely blackly speckled; subcostal “‘fossula” long, nearly ex-
tending to apex of hemelytra; apex of right hemelytra marked
with two small black arcuated spots; posterror tibiz above
exterior margins, posterior tarsi, and sometimes a percurrent
line above black.
Length 23 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Colombo (Mus. Hongrois).
EQ
52 HOMOPTERA.
Suborder HOMOPTERA,
The principal distinguishing characters of the Homoptera have
already been described in our introduction to the whole order
Rbynchota (vol. i. pp. xxv & xxxvi), and it is unnecessary to
allude further to them here. Our knowledge of the different
families composing the suborder is much less complete at present
than our information respecting the Heteroptera. Of the Cica-
didze we have ample collections, and those of continental India
and Ceylon are adequately represented, though we may expect
many undescribed species to be eventually discovered in the
eastern confines of our faunistic area and in the islands of the
Indian Ocean. The Fulgoride are fairly well known as regards
the genera and species of the larger and more showy insects, but
among the subfamilies which comprise the smaller and more
obscure species very much remains to be done. The Membracidee
are less known and worked than the Fulgoride, and a similar
remark applies to the Cercopide ; while the Jasside are practi-
cally unworked and unrecorded, and probably will prove to be the
most extensive family of the Homoptera.
As regards structural characters and the terms used in referring
to them, the Introduction has already dealt with most; those
specially or exclusively applicable to the Homoptera are when
necessary supplied with diagrams and explanatory details as
introductions to each of the families as we come to them in these
pages.
The classification of the Homoptera is still an open question,
and great diversity of opinion exists as to the number of Families
to be recognized in its division. Westwood (Modern Class. Ins.
ii. p. 418) with excellent judgment and caution divided the
Homoptera into three main divisions, viz. :—
1. Trrmera. Tarsi 3-jointed; antenne minute, setigerous ;
wings areolate.
2. Dimera. Tarsi 2-jointed; antenne moderate, filiform,
5- 10-jointed ; wings subareolate.
3. Monommra. ‘Tarsi 1-jointed; antennee 6-25-jointed ; wings
not areolate.
Atter an interval of nearly sixty years, Sharp (Cambr. Nat.
Hist. vi. p. 544) practically adopts this division, though he does
HOMOPTERA. 53
not absolutely follow it, and points out again that the Dimera
consist of Psyllide, Aphide, and Aleurodide, and the Monomera
of Coccide only. These last two divisions are usually grouped
together under the names of either Phytophthires or Sternorhyncha,
and the first, with which we now only deal, may be still known
as Trimera*, or, as written by others, the ‘* Auchenorrhynchous
Homoptera.”
The division of this section of the Homoptera into families has
produced much diversity of opinion among entomologists, and it
seems necessary to repeat that as these Rhynchotal volumes are
faunistic and not taxonomical in their aim, it is unnecesary to
enter into a purely classificatory discussion.
Westwood recognized only three families, Cicadide, Fulgoride,
and Cereopide. Stil’s division included four, Stridulantea, Cer-
copida, Jassida (including Membracida), and Fulgorida, in which
view he is supported by so good an authority as Hansen. Most
modern writers consider the Membracide a distinct family, and
thus recognize five families in all, a course with which I fall in
line. It may be mentioned that Pascoe (A. M. N. H. [5] ix.
p. 442) proposes thirteen families; and Edwards (Hem. Hom.
Brit. Islds.), excluding Psyllina, enumerates fifteen.
Hansen (Entomol. Tidskr. 1890, p. 19) has written an excellent
memoir on the four families he recognizes as belonging to this
section, founded on considerations drawn principally from the
structure of the antenne and legs and from the position of the
spiracles. As much of this valuable information is based on
minute and microscopical investigation I have added his observa-
tions to the descriptions of the different families, and for the
synopsis relied more largely on Stal, who was again the pioneer
in this field, and whose work enabled the Homoptera to be
adequately understood. In treating the Membracide as a distinct
family, I, in common with other authorities, differ from the views
of Stil and Hansen, though possibly on morphological grounds
these authors may be quite right in relegating the Membracids to
a subfamily of the Jasside.
Synopsis of the Families of the Homoptera.
A. Ocelli three, placed on disk of vertex.
a. Antenne composed of a short basal joint. sur-
mounted by a hair-like process divided into
about five joints; anterior femora incrassated
and generally spinose beneath; abdomen in
males with a sonorous apparatus on each side of
LODE hibin.oigd GOS. JOU Oe coo Omar eats Cicadide.
B. Ocelli two (rarely three or entirely absent).
b. Ocelli placed beneath or near the eyes, usually
in the cavities of the cheeks.
* This is a not perfectly constant character, as in some Cicadas the tarsal
joints are only two.
54 HOMOPTERA.
a. Antenne very variable in form, placed beneath
the eyes, usually of two joints terminated by
a very fine hair.
a’. Pronotum neither armed nor unusually
developed Minit =. 58 6,4 de oe one
ce. Ocelli placed between the eyes.
6, Antenne inserted in front of and between eyes.
a’, Pronotum prolonged backwards into a hood
or process of variable form ............
d. Ocelli (occasionally absent) placed on vertex.
a®, Pronotum not prolonged beyond base of
abdomen.
ce. Posterior tibize armed with one or two spines,
and with a cluster of spinules at apex......
e. Ocelli placed on front margin of head, usually
almost in a line with front of eyes.
d. Posterior tibie with a double series of spines
beneath junc sase-lepiee see eek ee nae te
Fulgoride.
Membracide.
Cercopide.
Jasside.
CICADIDA, 55
Family CICADID.
Stridulantes, Zatr. Fam. Nat. Regne An. p. 426 (1825); Amy. §
Serv. Hém. p. 458 (1845). 2
Stridulantia, Burm. Handb. ii, 1, pp. 102 & 170 (1835); Stal, Hem.
Afr. iv, p. 1 (1866). ;
Cicadidee. Westw. Intr. Mod. Class. Ins. ii, p. 420 (1840); Dist.
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 1 (1889).
Cicadariw, Pack. (nec Latr.) Guide Study Ins. ed. v. p. 533 (1876).
Ocelli three in number and placed on the disk of vertex of head ;
antenne short, inserted close to eyes and composed of seven
joints*; head short, broad, and transverse, terminating beneath
in an elongated rostrum composed of three joints; thorax large ;
pronotum short and transverse, with two oblique discal incisures
or furrows on each side; mesonotum (by some writers referred
to as scutellum) very large and terminating posteriorly in a small
basal cruciform elevation (which has sometimes been termed
Fig. 31.—Platylomia radha, Dist.
Body. | Tegmina and Wings.
1. Front of head. 6. Abdomen. | 10. Costal membrane. 16. Ulnar areas.
2. Vertex of head. 7. Face on head | 11. Costal area. 17. Apical areas.
3. Pronotum. beneath. 12. Costal vein. 18. Postcostal
4. Mesonotum. 8. Rostrum. _ 13. Radial vein. area.
5. Cruciformelevation. 9. Opercula. | 14. Basal cell. 19. Clavalarea.
5a. Tympanal coverings. 15. Radial area. 20. Clavus.
* This includes the two joints of the peduncle or basal joint; the flagellum
consists of five joints, and, according to Hansen, on the underside of the first
and second joints there is a very large number of sensory organs, and on the
last three joints he has found a few of the smaller examples of these organs.
56 CICADIDA.
the metathoracic cross); abdomen consisting of six segments
and an anal appendage; anterior femora incrassated and nearly
always more or less spinose beneath ; tegmina and wings usually
hyaline, sometimes opaque, their venation distinct and usually
furcate in ramification, but occasionally reticulate. ‘To these cha-
racters may be added those given by Hansen, viz.: no empodium:
second pair of abdominal spiracles placed in a transverse ventral
furrow, looking anteriorly and medianly ; third to seventh pairs
placed in the sternites, not in the pleura.
‘The terms used in subsequent descriptions for structural details
are explained in the accompanying figure (p. 55).
The Cicadide possess a distinctive attribute in their loud stridu-
lation, which is, however, confined to the males. Xenarchus long
since wrote, ‘“‘ Happy the Cicadas’s lives, for they all have voiceless
wives.” The sound given forth varies in intensity, but is scarcely
to be described as a musical production; it has been differently
deseribed by travellers in various parts of the world as resembling
a railway-whistle, a knife-grinder, razor-grinder, &c., while some
field-naturalists maintain that the noise is distributed with the
power of a ventriloquist, and that it is difficult to locate the
insects by their cries; the writer’s experience, however, both in
the Ethiopian and Oriental Regions, scarcely confirms this hypo-
thesis. The structure and mechanism of the sound-producing
apparatus have been studied and described by a number of ento-
mologists and other naturalists, of whom we may mention the
names of Réaumur, Goureau and Solier, Duges, Landois, Mayer,
Carlet, and Jno. C. Galton. Of these perhaps Carlet has given us
the best information, or at all events the foundation on which others
have worked. The sound-producing apparatus is covered beneath
by two flaps, which, as pointed out by Westwood, are, “in fact, the
dilated sides of the metasternum:” these have been sometimes
incorrectly referred ta as “drums,” but are really covering-flaps,
or, as they are generally called (and in this volume alluded to),
opercula. These structures in shape, length, and direction fre-
quently afford the most reliable differentiation for species, and in
the Dundubiaria exhibit the most striking variety. The real drums
or tympana are laterally situate near the upper surface of the base
of the abdomen, and are either concealed by tympanal coverings
as in the Cicadin, partially concealed as in the Geanine, or
completely exposed as in the Tibicinine. The females are pro-
vided with a strongly developed ovipositor, by which they are
enabled to pierce the branches of trees and there deposit their
eggs, which in some cases amount to a very large number.
The Cicadas are victims to many enemies and are apparently
defenceless creatures. Among their persecutors may be mentioned
species of Mantis (Orthoptera), spiders, dragon-flies, hornets,
wasps, Asilid@w (Diptera), and many birds; they have also been
found to be devoured by trout both in Japan and New Zealand,
and are used as food by some of the primitive races of mankind.
In India, as I am informed by Mr. R. M. Dixon, they afford prey
to the Lesser Kestrel (Tinnunculus cenchris) and the Shikra (Astur
CICADID. Sai
badius), whilst a certain number are also killed by the Ashy
Drongo (Dierurus longicaudatus) and the Jungle-Crow (Corvus
macrorhynchus). Their worst enemy, however, according to my
informant, appears to be a lizard (Calotes versicolor), which kills
and devours a large number.
Probably about one thousand species have been described from
various parts of the world, but a complete synomymic catalogue
on which I have been long engaged is not yet completed. In
Britain we possess one species, and that a rare insect, but in the
Tropics, and especially the Eastern Tropics, they are abundant.
Their life-histories are little known, and should prove to be of the
most interesting character, for of one Nearctic species, Tibrcina
septendecim, it seems to be conclusively proved that in its imma-
ture condition it lives beneath the surface of the ground for a
period of some seventeen years, during which it feeds on roots, &c.,
and that it has but a short life as a perfect winged insect.
Some considerable difference in generic arrangement will be
found in the enumeration of the Cicadidee in this volume and in
my ‘ Monograph of the Oriental Cicadide.’ This has been brought
about, or rather necessitated, by a thorough revision of all the
known genera, and an attempt to fix their true characters from
an examination of the structure of their original types. I have
constructed synopses of all the genera I have seen (and I have
been able to examine most) from all parts of the world, and
these have have been published in the ‘Annals and Magazine of
Nat. Hist.’ during the last two years.
The Cicadidsee in my view may be divided into three distinct
subfamilies :—
A. Tympanal coverings present.
a. Tympanal coverings entirely concealing tym-
panalsoritices,. ty aaltsci sei sctare- Nees iCreadince:
aa. T'ympanal coverings imperfect, more or less
exposing orifices ....... ACR Ahan EA See CG CORULE:
B. Tympanal coverings absent .......-.-.-+--++-- Tribicinine. 21%
These characters are fully shown in the following illustration :—
Fig. 82.
if
1. Dundubia intemerata, Walk. With tympanal coverings
COMMPLOLO NY sacs codheieseiceee ssa toes sos vopensctermeteessecenste cases Cicadine.
2. Terpnosia ganesa, Dist. With tympanal coverings rudi-
MMCWLAT Ye Merete nisausiiecs suiniae ssciles ove suitors eseesieteteseaciesic Geanine.
8. Quintilia subvittata, Walk. With tympanal coverings
entirelysabsentencwessteicccs ones eee nee oem eee Tibicinine.
¥
p. 1%
3
58 CICADID A.
Subfamily I. CICADIN A.
Cicadinee, Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 3 (1889).
This subfamily, recognized by the complete covering of the
tympanal orifices by the tympanal flaps, has a world-wide distri-
bution, but is more strongly represented in the Eastern than in
the Western Hemisphere ; it is also in the first that the genera
containing the most gigantic species occur, illustrated in this
fauna by Cryptotympana, Platylomia, and Pomponia. These genera
are not found in the Ethiopian Region, and it is only in Madagascar
where a similar development in size and colour occurs; with the
exception of this island, the Oriental and Malayan Regions may
be accepted as the headquarters of the Cicadine.
Division POLY NEURARIA.
Polyneuraria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 293 (1904).
Lateral margins of the pronotum ampliated, and more or less
angularly produced. Head (including eyes) about as wide or
wider than base of mesonotum, or sometimes little more than
two-thirds of its width; costal membrane of tegmina sometimes
much arched and dilated, the apical areas usually eight in number,
but in a few genera smaller in size and much more numerous ;
tegmina varying in hue from pale hyaline to dark opaque.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Tegmina with eight apical areas.
a. Head (including eyes) about as wide or
wider than base of mesonotum ; not
frontally produced, more or less truncate
and deflected in front of eyes ; costal mem-
brane of tegmina not prominently dilated
MOMALCNeG Ab Dasees sie cer eat PLATYPLEURA, p. 58.
b. Head (including eyes) only about or little
more than two-thirds the width of base
of mesonotum; costal membrane of
tegmina prominently arched at base and
ila ted set ie spuneo due hare of ayeien Meee nee IPSC NATID. le
B. Tegmina with numerous, always more than
eight apical areas.
a. Tegmina semihyaline, only more or less
reticulately veined on apical area; opercula
not quite reaching middle of abdomen .. ANGAMIANA, p. 72.
Tegmina opaque; venation on apical half
dense and fureate ; opercula not extending
beyond basal segment ......... dedecee HLOLYNEURA, Dp. Jo.
Genus PLATYPLEURA.
Platypleura, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 465 (1843); Stal, Hem. Afr. iv,
pp. 2 & 9 (1866); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. iv, p. 144 (1866); Dist.
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 19 (1889).
Subgen. Oxypleura, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 469 (1843).
PLATYPLEURA. 59
Subgen. Peecilopsaltria, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p.2 (1866) ; Dist. Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 5 (1889).
Type. Genus Platypleura, P. stridula, Linn.; aS. African species.
Subgen. Oxyplewa, O. clara, Amy. & Serv.; an Ethiopian
species.
Subgen. Pecilopsaltria, P. octoguttata, Fabr.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, Malayan, and Eastern Palz-
arctic Regions *.
Body robust, somewhat short; abdomen in male about as long as
space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; head
broad, truncate anteriorly, including eyes a little or scarcely broader
than base of mesonotum, ocelli about twice and sometimes thrice
the distance from eyes as from each other, face moderately convex
not prominent above; pronotum with the lateral margins ampliated
or laminately medially angulate ; anterior femora not prominently
spined; metasternum with a central elevated plate-like process,
which is centrally sulcated and posteriorly somewhat sinuately
truncate; tympana practically concealed by the tympanal flaps or
coverings ; opereula in male short, broad, their apices more or less
convexly rounded; tegmina and wings either hyaline or more
or less opaquely coloured, tegmina with the basal cell a little longer
than broad ; the costal membrane only moderately dilated or arched
at base, apical areas eight in number.
Oxypleura, Amy. & Serv., merely includes species with hyaline,
non-opaque tegmina and wings: Pecilopsaltria, Stal, 1 have hitherto
. regarded as distinct from Platypleura by the slightly greater width
of the head including eyes, but I now think that difference alone
is too slight for generic separation ; it may, however, be stated
that the generic form described by Stal is more dominant in the
Oriental Region, while the character of typical Platypleura is a
marked feature in the Ethiopian species.
I. Head including eyes a little wider than base of mesonotum.
a. Breadth between pronotal angles greater than space between
apex of head and base of cruciform elevation.
b. Legmina and wings hyaline, the first sometimes more or less
spotted,
c. Pronotal margins medially angularly produced.
d. Rostrum extending to half the length of abdomen.
1534. Platypleura bufo, Walk. (Oxypleura) List Hom. i, p. 27 (1850) ;
Atkins. (Platypleura) J. dA. S. Beng. liii, p. 216 (1885); zd.
J. A, S. Beng. lv, p. 149 (1886); Dist. (Pcecilopsaltria) Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 5, t. viii, f. 20 a, 6 (1889).
Head and pronotum brownish ochraceous ; head with two some-
* Goding and Froggatt have recently described a species from Northern
Australia as belonging to Platypleura. They, however, describe it as similar to
the Madagascar species P. guttulata, Sign., which I place in my genus Yanga.
60 CICADIDA.
what broken black transverse fascie, the first at anterior margin
of front, the second between eyes; pronotum with the posterior
“margin much paler, the lateral margins a little darker, two central
lines on disk and the incisures black ; mesonotum purplish-brown,
with two small central anterior obconical spots and the lateral
areas black ; abdomen piceous, segmental margins pale castaneous,
tympanal coverings and apex brownish-ochraceous ;_ sternum and
legs brownish-ochraceous ; opercula pale with their disks piceous ;
tegmina and wings hyaline slightly tinged with ochraceous, veins
brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina with costal membrane and area,
base including basal cell, and extreme base of wings brownish-
ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 29; exp. tegm. 86; breadth between pronot.
angl. 19 millim.
Hab. * Kast India” (Inglis, Brit. Mus.).
I only know this species by the unique type in the British
Museum.
P. bufo is to be recognized by the great breadth of the
pronotum.
aa. Breadth between pronotal angles about equal to space between
apex of head and base of cruciform elevation.
dd. Rostrum only just passing posterior cove.
1535. Platypleura mackinnoni, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1904, p. 667, pl. xxix,
f. 1a, b.
Head and pronotum ochraceous ; head with the lateral margins
of front, face (excluding basal spot), anterior lateral margins of
vertex, and a broad transverse fascia between eyes (including the
area of the ocelli) black ; pronotum with the basal margin strami-
neous, its disk, with a central longitudinal fascia (much broadened
at base), and the incisures, black ; mesonotum pale castaneous, with
two anterior, fused, obconical spots, on each side of which is a
longer obconical spot, and a large curved basal spot with its apex
prolonged, black ; basal cruciform elevation pale castaneous with
its central area black; abdomen black, apex and margins of the
tympana ochraceous ; legs, rostrum, posterior margins of abdominal
segments and apical segment (more or less) ochraceous; tegmina
pale tale-like, the venation ochraceous on basal half, piceous on
apical area, extreme basal area piceous: wings pale hyaline, the
venation ochraceous, about basal third piceous streaked with
ochraceous.
3. Opercula almost meeting interiorly, their lateral and poste-
rior margins oblique, their apices reaching the base of the second
abdominal segment.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ & 9, 25; exp. tegm. 75; breadth
between pronotal angles 14 millim.
Hab, Mussooree: Dehra Dun (P. W. Mackinnon, 18/6/1903).
PLATYPLEURA. 61
1536. Platypleura polita, Walk. (Oxypleura) List Hom. i, p. 29
(1850); Butl. Cist. Entom. i, p. 196 (1874); Dist (Peecilo-
psaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 7, tab. 1. f. 16, a, b (1889).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish-ochraceous ; head
with some spots on front and a broken transverse fascia between
eyes black; pronotum with one or two central spots and the
incisures black; mesonotum with four obconical spots (of which
the two central are shortest), a central lanceolate spot, and two
small spots in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen black,
with the tympanal coverings, posterior margins of most of the
segments, and a spot on each side of anal segment ochraceous ;
Fig. 538.—Platypleura polita.
head beneath, sternum, iegs, and opercula ochraceous, a narrow
_fascia between eyes, and interior area of opercula, black ; abdomen
beneath as above, but more castaneous than black ; tegmina and
wings pale hyaline, the veins brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina with
transverse veins at bases of apical areas, costal membrane and
area, and sometimes other spots as shown in the above figure,
fuscous-brown.
Length excl. tegm. 23; exp. tegm. 70 ; breadth between pronotal
angles 12 to 123 millim.
Hab. Karwar, Canara, Trivandrum.
cc. Pronotal margins subtruncate, not medially angulate.
1537. Platypleura cervina, Walk. List Hom.i, p. 16 (1850) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. liiti, p. 217 (1885); Dist. (Poecilopsaltria) Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 8, tab. v, f. 12 a, b (1889).
Platypleura straminea, Walk. List Hom. i, p. 17 (1850).
Brownish-ochraceous, lateral and posterior margins of pronotum
and abdomen a little paler, and mesonotum a little darker in hue;
mesonotum with two obscure central anterior obconical spots ;
tegmina and wings hyaline strongly tinged with pale ochraceous,
the veins of both and costal membranes and area of tegmina
ochraceous; transverse veins at bases of third, fourth, fifth,
seventh, and eighth apical areas to tegmina margined with pale
fuscous, and sometimes a smal] spot of the same colour on the
62 CICADID®.
longitudinal veins to the second and third apical areas; lateral
pronotal angles a little ampliate, but subtruncate, not medially
angulate.
Length excl. tegm. 18; exp. tegm.50; breadth between pronotal
angles 9 millim.
Hab. North Bengal (Miss Campbell, Brit. Mus.).
Apparently a scarce species; my own collection contains one
unlocalized male specimen.
bb. Tegmina and wings hyaline, but with basal areas of both
more or less opaque.
ec’. Pronotal margins ampliated, but not medially angulate.
1538. Platypleura basialba, Walk. (Oxypleura) List Hom. i, p. 26
(1850) ; Butl. (Platypleura) Cist. Ent. i, p. 191 (1874); Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 147 (1886) ; Dist. (Poecilopsaltria) Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 9, tab. vill, f. 19 a, 6 (1889).
Head olivaceous, base of front, anterior margins of vertex, and a
narrow fascia between eyes black; pronotum pale tawny brown,
lateral and posterior margins paler, a short central discal line, two
posterior small central spots, incisures, and edge of lateral margins
black ; mesonotum pale brown, with four obconical spots (the two
central ones shortest), a central lanceolate spot, and two small
rounded spots in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen
above black, the tympanal coverings and segmental margins pale
olivaceous ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous; a somewhat
imperfect fascia between eyes, crossing base of face, black ; abdo-
men beneath very strongly greyishly pilose, more or less shaded with
piceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline ; tegmina with the venation,
costal area and membrane, and basal cell pale olivaceous, basal
third pale obscure fuscous with a central cretaceous fascia ; wings
with nearly basal half black, and the veins brownish ; body above
and beneath more or less greyishly pilose.
Length excl. tegm. 21; exp. tegm. 62; breadth between pronotal
angles 11 millim.
Hab. North Bengal (Miss Campbell, Brit. Mus.) ; Dehra Dun
(Mackinnon); Mhow (Forsayeth, Brit. Mus.).
ce. Pronotal margins medially angulate.
1539. Platypleura celebs, Sti, Tr. E. S. (3) i, p. 573 (1863) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. lili, p. 218 (1885); Dist. (Peecilopsaltria) Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 12, tab. i. f. 12 a, 6 (1889).
Head ochraceous ; front (excluding a central spot), lateral margins
of vertex, and a transverse fascia between eyes black ; pronotum
pale castaneous, lateral and posterior margins stramineous ; meso-
notum castaneous, with four large obconical spots (the two central
ones smallest), a central lanceolate spot, and two small spots in
front of cruciform elevation black; abdomen black, the posterior
segmental margins and tympanal coverings ochraceous; head
PLATYPLEURA. 63
beneath, sternum, legs, rostrum, and opercula ochraceous; a
transverse fascia between eyes, inner margins of eyes, and apex
of rostrum black; abdomen beneath castaneous, posterior seg-
mental margins and apex ochraceous ; tegmina hyaline or talc-like,
about basal half creamy opaque, shaded with pale fuscous, and
more or less defined by an indistinct curved pale fuscous fascia,
costal membrane and area and the veins dark ochraceous, trans-
verse veins at bases of second, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh
apical areas slightly infuscate; wings stramineous for about two-
thirds their area from base, outwardly margined with fuscous,
remaining area pale hyaline, the veins dark ochraceous; rostrum
passing posterior coxe.
Length excl. tegm. 22 to 23; exp. tegm. 64 to 68; breadth
between pronotal angles 11 millim.
Hab. Decean (Coll, Dist.). China; Chusan (Ind. Mus.).
bbb. Tegmina and wings with the base of first and the whole of
second opaque.
ce. Pronotal margins ampliate, very obtusely medially angulate.
d’. Rostrum reaching middle of abdomen.
1540. Platypleura watsoni, Dist. (Pcecilopsaltria) A. M@. NV. H. (6)
xx, p. 18 (1897).
2. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish-ochraceous ; head
with transverse margin to front, a spot above base of antenne,
‘area of ocelli, and transverse fascia connecting same with eyes
black ; pronotum with incisures and two central fascie black ;
mesonotum with four obconical spots (the central two shortest), a
Fig. 34.— Platypleura watsoni, 2.
central lanceolate spot, and two small spots in front of cruciform
elevation black; abdomen piceous, ochraceously pilose, segmental
margins ochraceous; sternum, legs, rostrum, and opercula dull
ochraceous ; face with the central suleation and a transverse fascia
between eyes black; abdomen beneath as above, but not ochra-
ceously pilose ; tegmina tale-like, veins brown, brownish at base,
with three irregular transverse brown fasciz enclosing rounded
creamy spots, a double row of outer marginal spots situate on
64 CICADID.Z.
longitudinal veins to apical areas; wings stramineous, the apical
margin and a transverse fascia before apex dark castaneous, these
castaneous markings enclose a large subapical stramineous spot.
Rostrum reaching apex of second abdominal segment.
Length excl. tegm., 9, 22; exp. tegm. 62; breadth between
pronotal angles 10 millim.
Hab. Burma, North Chin Hills ( Watson).
d°. Rostrum just passing posterior cov.
1541. Platypleura westwoodi, Sti, Tr. E. S. (3) i. p. 571 (1863);
Dist. (Peecilopsaltria) Mon. Orient, Crcad. p. 15, tab, i, f. 18 a, 6
(1889).
Body olivaceous, thickly greyishly pilose ; head with a narrow,
obscure, black fascia between eyes; pronotum with the incisures,
two small central posterior spots, and outer edges of lateral
marginal areas black ; mesonotum with four obconical black spots,
the central spots shortest, a central lanceolate spot and two small
rounded spots in front of cruciform elevation black; basal abdo-
minal segmental margins black; head beneath with an obscure
black fascia between eyes; tegmina semihyaline, basal third pale
fuscous, the base and basal area paler, the last with three fuscous
spots, costal membrane and area green, venation brown or fuscous,
a broad curved fascia crossing beyond cell, a large triangular sub-
apica] patch, and broad outer marginal spots fuscous, the last with
paler centres ; wings bright ochraceous, basal and apical areas
(connected on posterior margin) castaneous, two greyish spots on
outer margin, one near apex, the other near anal angle.
Length excl. tegm. 25; exp. tegm. 78; breadth between pronotal
angles 15 millim.
Hah, Ceylon (Green).
c. Pronotal margins distinctly medially angulate.
d*. Rostrum only just passing posterior cowc.
1542. Platypleura basi-viridis, Walk. List Hom. i. p. 18 (1850);
Dist. (Poecilopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 8, tab. ix, f. 6 a, 6
(1889).
Head and thorax above brownish-ochraceous ; head with a large
spot on each side of front and a transverse fascia between eyes
black; pronotum with the lateral and posterior margins stra-
mineous, a discal angulated spot, two small spots at centre of
posterior margin, an oblique spot behind eyes, the incisures and
edge of lateral margins, black; mesonotum with four obconical
spots (the central ones shortest), a central lanceolate spot, and four
smal] basal spots, black ; abdomen black, tympanal coverings and
posterior segmental margins ochraceous ; body beneath and legs
dull ochraceous; central suleation to face, an irregular fascia
between eyes, and apices of rostrum and tarsi black; tegmina
PLATYPLEURA. 65
hyaline, basal third semi-opaque, veins and costal membrane
brownish, the last with two blackish spots, basal cell brownish
with a darker spot, a curved fascia crossing near base, followed
by a more waved macular fascia, a dark and outwardly concave
macular fascia crossing beyond end of radial area, an oblique
fascia on the transverse veins at bases of apical areas extending
to half the breadth of tegmina, and a double series of small
obscure spots at apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas, dark
brownish; wings ochraceous, margins broadly, especially at apex,
dark brownish, with a pale marginal cretaceous spot at apex and
centre of posterior margin.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ ,18; exp. tegm. 52 to 55 ; breadth between
pronotal angles 10 millim.
Hab. Bombay Prov.; Karwar (nd. Mus. and Coll. Dist.).
1543, Platypleura sphinx, Walk. List Hom. i, p. 13 (1850); Atking.
J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 215 (1885); Dist. (Poecilopsaltria) Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 13, tab. viii, f. 16 a, 6, ¢ (1889).
Body pale tawny-brown, shortly and palely pilose ; head with
two transverse brown fascize; mesonotum with four obconical
spots, the inner two very short, the outermost very long, a central
longitudinal spot, and two small spots in front of the crucitorm
elevation, fuscous-brown; tegmina hyaline, talc-like, basal area
pale tawny-brown, with the greater part of the radial area and
three discal spots hyaline, veins and costal membrane and area
pale tawny-brown, a broken oblique fascia at end of ulnar areas
and anteriorly continued to apex, and elongate spots at apices of
longitudinal veins to apical areas, pale tawny-brown ; wings pale
tawny-brown, the veins much paler, above basal half of anal area
and a broad central fasciate spot pale obscure stramineous, a creamy-
white spot on posterior and apical margins.
Length excl. tegm., d,16; exp. tegm. 46; breadth between
pronotal angles 8 millim.
Hab. North Bengal (Campbell §& Warwick, Brit. Mus.) ; Mhow
(Forsayeth, Brit. Mus.).
1544. Platypleura capitata, Oliv. (Cicada) Enc. Méth. v, p. 754, 34,
tab. exii, f. 10 (1790); Sta/ (Peecilopsaltria), Berl. ent. Zeit. x,
p. 169 (1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 18 (1889).
Oxypleura subrufa, Walk. List Hom. i, p. 25 (1850); Atkms.
(Platypleura) J. A. S. Beng. li, p. 216 (1885); Dist. (Peeci-
lopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 9, tab. i, f. 1 a, 6 (1889).
Stoll, Cig. f. 103.
Head and pronotum brownish-ochraceous ; head with base and
lateral margins of front, anterior margins of vertex, and transverse
fascia between eyes black ; pronotum with the posterior and lateral
margins stramineous, edges of lateral margins and a small obscure
central discal spot black; mesonotum pale castaneous, with four
obconical spots (the two central shortest), a central elongate spot,
VOL. III. FE
66 CICADIDZ.
and two small] spots in front of the cruciform elevation black ; abdo-
men black, with the posterior segmental margin castaneous, tympanal
coverings brownish-ochraceous ; body beneath, rostrum, sternum,
opercula, and legs ochraceous ; central sulcation to face, and an
irregular fascia between eyes, black ; abdomen beneath castaneous,
the posterior segmental margins paler ; tegmina hyaline, with about
basal third opaque, base, a subbasal oblique fascia, and a shorter
transverse fascia near middle umber-brown, space between these
fascize obscure creamy-white, veins and costal membrane brownish-
ochraceous, transverse veins at bases of apical areas infuscated, and
some elongate spots on apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas
fuscous ; wings dark umber-brown, with a central obscure creamy
fascia not reaching posterior margin, apical margin, and a spot on
posterior margin creamy-white.
Length excl. tegm. 28; exp. tegm.75; breadth between pronotal
angles 14 millim.
Hab. ‘Southern India ” (Coll. Dist.). Ceylon; Colombo (Lewis).
1545. Platypleura hampsoni, Dist. (Peecilopsaltria) A. M. N. H.
(5) xx, p. 226 (1887); td. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 11, tab. i,
f. 8, a, 6 (1889).
2. Head pale ochraceous, front with basal and linear black
markings, vertex with a transverse fascia between eyes and a
linear spot near its anterior angles ; pronotum greenish-ochraceous,
its lateral and posterior margins reddish-ochraceous, a central
longitudinal fascia (widened anteriorly and posteriorly), the inci-
sures, and outer borders of lateral marginal areas black; meso-
notum greenish-ochraceous, with four obconical spots (the central
two smallest), a central lanceolate spot, and two rounded spots in
_ front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen above and beneath
black ; face black, the transverse striations ochraceous, a black
fascia between face and eyes ; sternum ochraceously pilose ; abdo-
minal segmental margins and anal appendage ochraceous; legs
castaneous, streaked or spotted with piceous and ochraceous ;
tegmina hyaline, venation brown, basal third opaque, with darker
transverse markings and a black streak in basal cell, a double
irregular series of spots crossing at near middle, a fascia at bases
of upper apical areas, and a few small subapical and marginal spots
dark brown ; wings brownish-ochraceous, paler at apex and very
pale across centre, with a white marginal spot near anal angle ;
veins brown.
Length excl. tegm. 23; exp. tegm. 70; breadth between pronotal
angles 13 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills, northern slopes, 3500 and 5000 feet
(Hampson).
1546. Platypleura affinis, Fubr. (Tettigonia) Syst. Rhyng. p. 37. 22
(1803) ; Germ. (Cicada) in Thon, Ent. Arch. ii, 2, p. 1 (1880) ;
Stal (Peecilopsaltria), Hem. Fabr. ii, p. 4 (1869); Atkins.
PLATYPLEURA. 67
J. A, S. Beng. liii, p. 211 (1885); Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p- 18 (1889).
Platypleura nicobarica, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xix, p. 311
(1877); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 213 (1885); Dist.
(Peecilopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 12, tab. i, f. 3, a, b
(1889).
Var. Platypleura distincta, Athins. J. A, S. Beng. liii, p. 238
(1885).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish-ochraceous ; anterior
margin of front, a broad fascia between eyes, and edges of the
dilated pronotal lateral margins black; mesonotum with four
obconical spots (the two central spots shortest), a central lanceolate
spot, and two small spots in front of the cruciform elevation
black ; abdomen black, the posterior segmental margins ochra-
ceous ; head beneath, sternum, legs, and rostrum ochraceous; a
narrow fascia between eyes, central sulcation, and posterior margin
of face black; abdomen beneath dark castaneous, the segmental
margins ochraceous; tegmina with about basal half ochraceous
and opaque, with two spots on costal membrane, a spot in basal
cell and two in radial area dark brown; apical half of tegmina
pale hyaline, a fascia not quite crossing beyond radial area, an
oblique fascia crossing the apices of the upper three ulnar areas,
and an irregular double series of spots near apices of longitudinal
veins to apical areas brownish-ochraceous ; wings ochraceous,
the outer margins and a transverse discal fascia dark brown, a
creamy spot on posterior margin.
The var. distincta, Atkins., differs by the somewhat smaller and
less intense black markings on head and thorax, and by the wings
having the subapical discal fascia fused with outer margin.
Length excl. tegm. 25; exp. tegm.76 ; breadth between pronotal
angles 143 to 15 millim.
Hab, Nicobar Islands.
d'. Rostrum reaching base of abdomen.
1547. Platypleura octoguttata, Fubr. (Tettigonia) Ent. Syst. Suppl.
p- 015, 22-23 (1798) ; id. Syst. Rhyng. p. 39. 33 (1808) ; Coqueb.
Ill. Icon. Ins. i, p. 34, t. 9, f. 1 (1799); Stal (Peecilopsaltria),
Berl, ent, Zeit. p. 168 (1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 10,
tab. 1, f. 5, a, 6 (1899).
Oxypleura sanguiflua, Walk. List Hom. i, p. 24 (1850) ; zd. Ins.
Saund. Hom. p. 2 (1858).
Head ochraceous, margins of front, a transverse fascia between
and a spot behind the eyes black ; pronotum pale castaneous, the
posterior and lateral margins ochraceous, two very small central
black spots, and the edges of the lateral margins sometimes black
or piceous ; mesonotum ochraceous, with four large obconical spots
(the two central shortest), a central lanceolate spot, and two spots
(sometimes fused) in front of the cruciform elevation black ;
abdomen black, shortly greyishly pilose, posterior segmental
F2
68 CICADIDA.
margins and tympanal coverings dull ochraceous ; body beneath
and “legs dull ochraceous ; abdomen thickly oreyishly pilose; a
transverse fascia between eyes and central sulcation to face, some
sternal spots, basal areas of opercula, and apex of rostrum black ;
tegmina hyaline, about basal half opaque, veins and costal mem-
brane brownish-ochraceous, the last with two brown spots, a basal
patch, a broad transverse fascia at about one-third from base and
a waved fascia united to it at apex of radial area, transverse veins
at bases of apical areas, and a series of small spots near apices of
longitudinal veins to apical areas dark chocolate-brown, space
between basal fascia and a spot near apex of radial area creamy-
white ; wings dark chocolate-brown, with basal sanguineous rays,
and the outer margin (not extending to anal angle) pale white
hyaline.
Var. a. Wings with a subcostal ochraceous patch.
Var. 6. Wings ochraceous, the outer area only chocolate-brown,
and the sanguineous rays entirely absent.
Length excl. tegm. 24 to 26; exp. tegm. 73 to 85; breadth
between pronotal angles 14 millim.
Hab. ener Wazeerabad (Hearsay); North Bengal (Camp-
bell); Naina Tal (Stockh. Mus.). Mussooree (Mackinnon) ; Raj-
pootana; Mt. sues (Ind. Mus.). Jodhpoor and Sambalpoor
(dnd. Mus.). Karachi (dnd. Mus.). Bombay (Leith). Karwar
(Coll. Dist.). Coimbatore (Wathouse). Nilgiri Hills (Hampson).
Shivarai Hills (Bidie g¢ Morris). Mbhow (Forsayeth, Brit. Mus.).
Ceylon (Green).
A very variable species.
bbbb. Tegmina and wings wholly opaque ; pronotal margins
medially angulate ; rostrum reaching base of abdomen.
1548. Platypleura andamana, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1878, p. 174; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. li, p. 214 (1885) ; Dist. (Peecilopsaltria) Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 17, tab. i, f. 9, a, 6 (1889).
Tawny-brown, pubescent ; head with a spot on each side of
front and a transverse fascia between eyes black ; pronotum with
two small central posterior spots and the incisures black ; meso-
notum with four obconical spots (the two central smallest),
a central lanceolate spot, and two small spots in front of cruciform
elevation black ; abdomen black, posterior segmental margins dull
ochraceous and ‘strongly and palely pilose ; body beneath ‘and legs
brownish-ochraceous; tegmina brown, opaque with pale semi-
opaque markings, especially on apical half, basal third thickly
covered with pale pubescence and containing five dark brown
spots—two in radial area, one at base of nied and two in fourth
ulnar area, remainder of tegmina less pubescent with numerous
greyish-white spots, the most prominent being a transverse series
at end of apical area and a waved series commencing about middle
of upper ulnar area, where they are very distinct beneath, a double
PLATYPLEURA, 69
series of small brown spots near apices of longitudinal veins to
apical areas, a dull whitish spot on inner angle of outer margin ;
wings very pale castaneous, with dark brown outer margin and
suffused dark brown discal streaks.
Length excl. tegm. 22 to 24}; exp. tegm. 762 to 84; breadth
between pronotal angles 14 millim.
Hab. Andaman Islds. (De Roepstorff).
If. Head including eyes not, or searcely, broader than base of
mesonotum ; pronotal margins medially angulate.
a. Rostrum passing base of abdomen.
1549. Platypleura nobilis, Germ. (Cicada) in Thon, Ent, Arch. ii, 2,
p. 2 (1830); Sta (Platypleura), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862,
p- 479; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lili, p. 215 (1885); Dist. Mon.
_ Orvent. Cicad. p. 21, tab. i, f. 18, a, 6 (1889).
Cicada hemiptera, Guér. Belang. Voy. Ind. p. 500 (1834).
Platypleura semilucida, Walk. List Hom. i, p. 20 (1850).
Platypleura gemina, Walk. List Hom. i, p. 21 (1850).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish or greenish-ochra-
ceous: head with the inner margins of eyes and a broken fascia
between them black; pronotum with a central longitudinal
line, the incisures, and outer edges of dilated pronotal areas
black ; mesonotum with four obconical spots (the two central
shortest), a central lanceolate spot, and two small spots in front
Fig. 85.—Dlatypleura nobilis.
of eruciform elevation black; abdomen greenish or brownish-
ochraceous, the segmental margins black ; body beneath ochraceous ;
central suleation to face, fascia between eyes, some sternal spots,
metasternum at base of opercula, and apex of rostrum black ;
tegmina with about basal half creamy-ochraceous, opaque ; two
spots on costal membrane, basal cell, three spots in radial area, a
large spot on claval area, and a broad oblique fascia commencing
at end of radial area fuscous; apical half pale hyaline, with a
subapical oblique waved fascia and a series of small spots near
apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas fuscous ; wings dark
fuscous-brown, with anal area and nearly apical third pale hyaline,
70 CICADID#.
disk usually but not always with a costal and central oblique
ochraceous fascia. Opercula in male internally overlapping.
Length excl. tegm. 15 to 17; exp. tegm. 50 to 60; breadth
between pronotal angles 1 10 to 103 millim.
Hab, Assam ; Garo Hills (Chennell). Samagooting (Ind. Mus.).
Munjpoor (nd. Mus.). Burma; Tavoy (Coll. Dist. ).—Sumatra.
Java.
aa. Rostrum only just passing posterior cove.
1550. Platypleura insignis, Dist. J. A. 8. Beng. xviii, p. 39, t. xi,
f. 2 (1879); 7d. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 22, tab. i, f. 15 (1889).
Allied to P. nobilis, but body griseously pubescent ; tegmina pale
hyaline, with the venation, costal membrane and area, radial area
(excepting almost apical half), and a large basal patch extending
to about one-third from base fulvous, griseously pubescent ; the
radial area is hyaline from about centre (where it is darkest) to
near apex, which is narrowly fulvous and has a fuscous spot on its
outer margin, a double series of small spots near apices of longi-
tudinal veins to apical areas, and an irregular series of small spots
at apices of ulnar areas, black; wings pale hyaline, the venation
fulvous, and with less than basal half black.
To be separated from P. nobilis by the smaller dark basal areas
of the tegmina and wings, the rostrum only just passing posterior
COX, and the opercula in male less inwardly ov erlapping.
Length excl. tegm. 15 ; exp. tegm. 45 ; breadth between pronotal
angles 83 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karen Hills (Doherty). Upper Tenasserim
(Limborg).
aaa. Rostrum reaching base of anal segment.
1551. Platypleura badia, Dist. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xvii, p. 453,
t. iv, f. 6, a, b (1888) ; 2d. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 23, tab. vii.
f. 15, a, 6 (1889).
2. Alhed to P. insignis, but differing by the opaque markings
to the tegmina being fulvous-brown; the wings have the opaque
coloration extending further from the base, where it is simply
pale fulvous; body fulvous brown; structurally distinct by the
length of the rostrum, which reaches the base of the anal segment.
Length excl. tegm. 16; exp. tegm. 48; breadth between pronotal
angles 83 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Houngdarau Valley (Fea).
aaaa. Rostrum reaching to about middle of abdomen.
1552. Platypleura assamensis, Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 212
(1884).
Platypleura repanda, var. assamensis, Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 20, t. 1, f. 11, a, 6 (1889).
PYCNA, fib
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, tympanal coverings, sternum,
rostrum, and legs pale olivaceous-brown; abdomen black, the
segmental margins olivaceous; opercula piceous, their margins
pale olivaceous-brown, sparingly ochraceously pilose above, more
thickly so beneath ; head with the area of the ocelli, a discal,
central, triangular spot and the incisures to pronotum, four ob-
conical spots (the two central much the shortest), a central
lanceolate spot, and two small rounded basal spots to mesonotum,
black ; tegmina with more than basal half pale brownish, opaque,
with darker spots and markings, radial area grey at base and
hyaline at apex,a hyaline spot in lower apical area, and an obscure
hyaline spot near the base of third and centre of fourth ulnar
areas, an oblique broad fuscous fascia crossing bases of first to
fifth apical areas, some small apical spots and still smaller fuscous
spots at apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas ; wings ochra-
ceous, outer margins (particularly broad at apices) castaneous
brown ; apical margin to anal area hyaline.
Length excl. tegm., d & 9, 20 to 21; exp. tegm. 60 to 65 millim.
Hab, Assam; Margherita (Doherty); N. Khasi Hills (Chennell) ;
Naga Hills (Doherty).
Genus PYCNA.
Pyena, Amy. § Serv. Hém, p. 463 (1848); Dist. A. M. N. H. (7)
xiv, p. 208 (1904).
Type, P. striv, Brullé; a species found in Madagascar.
_ Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Regions, and received from
China.
Allied to Platyplewra, from which it differs by the much
narrower head, which (including eyes) is only about, or little more
than, two-thirds the width of base of mesonotum; the costal
membrane of tegmina is also prominently arched and dilated at
base.
1553. Pycna repanda, Zinn. (Cicada) Syst. Nat. i, 2, p. 707. 17 (1767) ;
Oliv. Ene. Méth. v, p. 754 (1790); Germ. in Thon, Ent.
Arch. ii, 2, p. 2 (1830); Fabr. (Tettigonia) Sp. Ins. ii, p. 321. 16
(1781); Atkins. (Platyploura) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 150 (1886) ;
Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 19, tab. i, f. 7, a, 6 (1889).
Platypleura phalenoides, Walk. List Hom. i,p. 4 (1850); Atkins.
J. A. 8. Beng. liii, p. 211 (1885).
Platypleura interna, Walk. List Hom. iv, p. 1119 (1852),
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greenish-ochraceous ; head
with a spot on each side of base of front, a transverse fascia
between eyes, and some spots on disk of vertex black; pronotum
with a central longitudinal fascia (widened posteriorly), incisures,
and anterior borders of dilated lateral margins black ; mesonotum
with four obconical spots (the two central shortest), a central
lanceolate spot, and two spots in front of cruciform elevation
black ; abdomen above and beneath blackish, ochraceously pilose,
72 CICADID 2.
posterior segmental margins ochraceous ; head and sternum beneath
thickly yellowishly pilose, longitudinal sulcation and some trans-
verse striations to face black; legs pale castaneous, femora with
dark spots ; opercula black, their outer margins narrowly ochra-
ceous ; tegmina with basal half opaque, greenish-ochraceous ; two
spots ov costal membrane, two in radial area and one beneath its
Fig. 86.—Pyena repanda.
apex, and a large irregular fascia crossing beyond radial area—
enclosing some semihyaline spots—fuscous-brown ; apical half
hyaline, venation greenish-ochraceous, a large subapical fasciate
spot and a double series of small spots near apices of longitudinal
veins to apical areas fuscous; wings ochraceous, apical area and
apex of anal area dark castaneous, outer margins pale hyaline.
Length excl. tegm. 21 to 23; exp. tegm. 68 to 78; breadth
between pronotal angles 12 to 123 millim.
Hab. Kashmir Valley (Leech). North Bengal (Campbell).
Darjiling (dnd. Mus.). Assam; Margherita and Naga Hills
(Doherty). (Khasi Hills (Chennell). Sikhim (Coll. Dist.). Sylhet
(Stainsforth). Seebsagar (Jind. Mus.). Burma; Kakhien Hills
( Fea).
Genus ANGAMIANA.
Angamiana, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) v, p. 284 (1890); id. Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 100 (1892).
Type, A. wtherea, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental Region and Southern China.
Head small, including eyes much narrower than pronotum and
narrower than base of mesonotum, ocelli much wider apart from
eyes than from each other, front much depressed; pronotum
longer than mesonotum, its lateral and posterior margins very
broad, the first strongly ampliated and obscurely angulated :
abdomen longer than space between apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation, above with its lateral areas oblique ; tympanal
orifices completely covered; opercula bread, obtusely angulated,
not reaching the middle of abdomen; tegmina semilyaline, with
the apical third more or less reticulately veined, the apical areas
numerous, generally twelve or thirteen in number.
ee
POLYNEURA. We
1554. Angamiana etherea, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) v, p. 235 (1890);
id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 100, tab. xiii, f. 1, a, b (1892).
Body black ; abdomen greyishly tomentose ; eyes castaneous ;
margins of pronotum and an abbreviated central line to same,
posterior margin of metanotum, head beneath (excluding face),
sternum, and opercula pale greenish-ochraceous ; legs and rostrum
black ; tegmina semihyaline and of a pale shining bronzy hue, the
venation darker and either ochraceous or greenish, the costal
membrane and area pale greenish, the extreme base and the
Hig. 57.—Angamiana etherea.
veins enclosing the postcostal area black, the veins enclosing the
two upper apical areas, terminal vein of lower ulnar area, and
outer margin dark bronzy; wings pale bluish-green, becoming
bronzy towards apex, the outer margin dark bronzy; rostrum
about reaching posterior coxe.
~ Length excl. tegm., ¢ 46, 9 40 to 42; exp. tegm., ¢ & 2, 124
to 132 millim.
Hab, Assam; Naga Hills (Doherty).
Genus POLYNEURA.
Polyneura, Westw. Arcan. Entom. i, p. 92 (1842); Amy. § Serv.
Hém. p. 460 (1843); Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 23 (1889).
Type, P. ducalis, Westw.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head including eyes about as wide as base of mesonotum, but
narrower than pronotum, ocelli further apart from eyes than
from each other, front obliquely depressed; pronotum longer
than mesonotum, its lateral margins ampliated and medially
74 CICADID&.
shortly angulate ; abdomen longer than space between apex of
head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympanal orifices completely
covered ; opercula short and broad; meso- and metasterna cen-
trally suleate; tegmina opaque with the venation dense and
fureate, reticulate towards apex, all the areas numerous and
ill-defined.
1555. Polyneura ducalis, Westw. Arcan. Entom. i, p. 92, t. xxiv, f. 2
(1842); Amy. §& Serv. Hém. p. 460 (1848); Atkins. J. A. 8.
Beng. lili, p. 211 (1885) ; Dest. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 23, tab.
ii, f. 7, a, 6 (1889).
Body above and beneath black, beneath. somewhat strongly
greyishly tomentose ; anterior lateral margins of vertex of head,
margins of pronotum, and sometimes two discal spots to mesonotum
ochraceous ; femora reddish, their bases and apices and the tibie
Fig. 38.—Polyneura ducalis.
and tarsi black, in some specimens the coxe are also reddish ; teg-
mina opaque, brownish, the venation, costal membrane and area,
claval margin and a subcentral transverse line or narrow fascia
ochraceous, before this line the ground-colour is darker in hue:
wings ochraceous, in some specimens with paler irrorations ;
rostrum reaching the posterior coxe.
Length excl. tegm. 35 to 37 ; exp. tegm. 100 to 110 millim.
Hab. Nepal (Hardwicke); North-western Province, Ranikhét
(Ind, Mus.), Mussooree (Mackinnon). Sikhim and Assam (Ind.
Mus.). Darjiling (Coll. Dist.). Burma; Rangoon (Coll. Dist.).—
Se-Tchouen (Paris Mus.). Chinese Tibet (Coll. Dist.).
Division TACUARIA.
Tacuaria, Dist. A. M. N. H, (7) xiv, p. 300 (1904).
Lateral margins of the pronotum convex, but not angularly
TOSENA,. 75
produced, sometimes simply moderately convex or anteriorly sub-
ampliated and somewhat toothed; tegmina and wings more or
less opaquely coloured; in one species, Tosena splendida, Dist.,
the tegmina with hyaline spaces.
This division takes its name from the genus Tacua, Amy. &
Serv., represented by a single very large and Tepresentative species
at present known only fon the Malay an Region. The Tacuaria
comprise only three genera—the one already mentioned, Tosena
found in our region, and Graptopsaltria apparently confined to
China and Japan.
Genus TOSENA.
Tosena, Amy. §- Serv. Hém. p. 462 (1843) ; Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 3
(1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. pp. 4 & 25 (1889).
Type, 7’. fasciata, Fabr., a Malayan species.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) equal in width “to base of mesonotum,
about as long as pronotum, front prominent but obliquely depressed,
ocelli twice the distance from eyes as from each other; pronotum
39.—Tosena mearesiana.
as long as mesonotum, lateral margins more or less ampliated and
more or less distinctly toothed ; abdomen in male long, very much
longer than space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation, somewhat convex above, tympanal orifices covered ;
metasternum elevated ; opercula in male short and broad ; anterior
femora strongly spined beneath ; tegmina and wings opaque, the
first with eight apical areas.
76 CICADID &.
A. Tegmnina and wings opaque.
a. Legnrina uniformly black ; wings reddish-ochraceous.
1556, Tosena mearesiana, TVestw. (Cicada) Arc. Ent. i, p. 98, t. Xxv,
f. 1 (1842); Amy. & Serv. (Tosena) Hém. p. 463 (1848) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. litt, p. 217 (1885); Dist. Mon. Orient.
Cicad. p. 26, t. ii, f. 3, a, 6 (1889).
Body and legs black or dark fuscous ; ocelli and eyes pale cas-
taneous ; posterior margins of pronotum and mesonotum, posterior
lateral margins of metanotum, usually a small spot on each side of
face, and a large spot on posterior lateral margins of prosternum
ochraceous ; tegmina black, opaque; wings reddish-ochraceous,
the venation, posterior margins, and anal areas fuscous; rostrum
extending to between the inner margins of the opercula in male,
which are broad and widely separated.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 53 to 58, 2 40 to 43; exp. tegm., ¢ 132
to 142; 9 130 to 133 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Ind. Mus. § Coll. Dist.).
Westwood only gave the habitat ‘‘ Himalaya” in his original
description.
aa. Tegmina more or less black, crossed by a white fascia.
b. Wings black.
1557. Tosena melanoptera, White (Cicada (T.)), A. M. N. H. xvii,
p- 331 (1846); Atkins. (Tosena) J. A. S. Beng. lui, p. 217
(1885) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 27, t. ii, f. 5, a, 6 (1889).
Var. albata, Dist. (Tosena) Tr. E. S. 1878, p. 175; td. Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 27, t. 11, f. 4, a, 6 (1889).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, sternum, legs, and opercula
black ; posterior margins of pronotum and mesonotum, posterior
lateral margins of metanotum, abdomen above and beneath, including
tympanal coverings, ochraceous ; base of abdomen above, a spot
on second segment, and base and a double segmental series of
spots to abdomen beneath, black; tegmina and wings black, opaque,
the first crossed by a broad transverse white fascia.
Var. a. Apices of femora ochraceous; margins of tympanal
coverings black.
Var. 6. Tympanal coverings wholly black.
Var. c. albata, Dist. Tegmina and wings with greyish ray-like
longitudinal fascice.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 58 to 62, 2 43; exp. tegm., ¢ 140 to
155, 2 130 millim.
Hab. N.W. Himalaya (Coll. Dist.). Sikhim (Jind. Mus.). Dar-
jiling (Stockh. Mus.). Assam; N. Khasi Hills (Chennell). Syl-
het (Brit. Mus.). Seebsagar (Ind. Mus.). Burma; Bhamé (Fea).
TOSENA. 77
1558. Tosena montivaga, Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 28, t. xiii,
f. 6, a, 6 (1889).
3. Body and legs black ; head with the eyes and the lateral
margins and anterior angles to vertex, and two small spots on
anterior margin of pronotum, ochraceous ; lateral and posterior
margins of pronotum, lateral margins and a large basal patch to
mesonotum pale greenish or greenish-ochraceous, the basal patch
with two small black spots ; apical area of abdomen greyish-tomen-
tose ; face, a spot connecting face with eyes, lateral margins of
prosternum, apices of femora and coxal spots ochraceous ; tezmina
black, venation and costal membrane and area pale greenish, an
oblique white fascia almost completely crossing beyond radial area;
wings black ; rostrum reaching base of abdomen.
@. Differing from the male in having the transverse fascia to
tegmina broader, and the abdomen uniformly black, not greyish at
apex.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 51, 9 41; exp. tegm., ¢ 130, 9 128
millim.
Hab, Assam; Naga Hills (Doherty).
bb. Wings red, with apex black.
1559. Tosena dives, Westw. (Cicada) Are. Ent. i, p. 98, t. xxv, f. 2
(1842); Amy. § Serv. (Tosena) Hém. p. 464 (1848) ; Atkins.
(Geana) J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 221 (1885); Dest. (Tosena)
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 29, t. ii, f. 10, a, 6 (1889).
Huechys transversa, Walk. List Hom., Suppl. p. 40 (1858);
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lili, p. 219 (1885).
Body and legs black ; apex of face castaneous : tegmina black,
the venation, costal membrane, and a transverse fascia crossing at
apex of radial area and terminating on posterior margin at lower
apical area, reddish-ochraceous ; wings pale sanguineous with
about apical third black; face very globose; rostrum extending
to between inner angles of opercula.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 24 to 25; exp. tegm. 66 to 73 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (dnd. Mus. g Coll. Dist.). Darjiling (Stockh.
Mus.). Sylhet (Stainforth).
A species apparently with a very limited distribution.
B. Teqmina and wings semi-opaque.
1560. Tosena splendida, Dist. Ent. Month. Mag. xv, p. 76 (1878) ;
Waterh. Aid to Ident. Ins. t. exlvii, f. 1 (1884) ; Atkins. J. A. 8,
Beng. \iii, p. 217 (1885); Dist. Mon. Orrent. Cicad. p. 30, t. ii,
f. 6, a, 6 (1889).
Body above black ; front of head with a reddish spot at each
basal angle ; eyes, two small spots on vertex, four large spots to
pronotum (two on disk and one at each posterior angle), and two.
78 CICADID &.
spots on disk of mesonotum pale ochraceous ; body beneath and
legs black ; lateral margins of face, a wide central annulation to
femora, and a central discal series of subtriangular spots san-
euineous; tegmina and wings (where not obscured by dark
markings) hyaline, exhibiting varied opaiine lustre, which in some
lights is found to be ornamented with close and regular series of
transverse darker striae ; tegmina narrowly at base and with the
costal membrane shining black, venation bright flavescent, and for
two-thirds from base broadly margined with shining black, a series
of shining black marginal spots on apices of longitudinal veins to
apical areas, claval area pale greenish ; wings pale greenish, apical
third shining black, enclosing a submarginal series of pale opaline
spots.
Length excl. tegm., d 45 to 47, 9 44; exp. tegm. d & 2 122
to 127 millim.
Hab. Assam; Naga and Khasi Hills (Chennell). Lushai country
(Ind. Mus.). Burma; Akyab (Coll. Dist.); Arakan Yoma.
Division CICADARIA.
Cicadaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, pp. 329 & 425 (1904).
Lateral margins of the pronotum more or less convex but not
toothed; tegmina and wings hyaline or clear as in many species
of the genus Crcada, or semi-opaque, as represented in the genus
Cryptotympana ; head broad, and (including eyes) always a little,
and generally considerably, wider than the base of mesonotum.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Metasternum not or very slightly elevated, and
not provided with a posterior process; length
of head more than half the breadth of space
between eyes; face usually very prominent ;
lateral margins of pronotum without an anterior
NODC fei rtetie ae shuts aia. sess oka CICLO ee eI RiwAna, p. 78.
B. Metasternum elevated at middle and furnished [p. 80.
with a posterior process directed backward ..» CRYPTOTYMPANA,
Genus RIHANA.
Rihana, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 426 (1904).
Cicada, subgen. Chremistica, Stdél (part.), Gifv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870,
p. 714, note.
Cicada, subgen. Cicada, Stal (part.), tom. cit.
Cicada, subgen. Diceroprocta, Stal (part.), tom. cit.
Type, &. ochracea, Walk., known at present from China and
Formosa.
Distribution. Nearctic, Neotropical (including Antillean), and
Oriental (including Malayan) Regions ; also found in Madagascar.
RIHANA. 79
Head distinctly longer than half the breadth between eyes, and
(including eyes) wider than base of mesonotum ; front more or less
prominent, its lateral margins in line with lateral margins of
vertex ; eves oblique, longer than broad; pronotum a little nar-
rowed behind eyes, about or almost as long as mesonotum in front
of cruciform elevation ; abdomen not, or scarcely, longer than
length between apex of face and base of cruciform elevation ;
other characters generally as in Cicada.
1561. Rihana mixta, Kirdy (Dundubia), J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv,
p. 128 (1891).
Body above black ; head with basal and apical spots and lateral
fasciate lines ochraceous, vertex with an ochraceous spot on each
side of ocelli and its lateral margins ochraceous ; pronotum with
Fig. 40.—Rihana mixta,
a central fascia and the margins ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous;
mesonotum with two central obconical spots only denoted by their
ochraceous margins, the lateral margins (often connected with the
apices of the obconical spots) ochraceous ; abdomen with a large
white pubescent spot behind base of tympanal coverings ; head,
sternum, and legs ochraceous; abdomen beneath reddish-ochraceous ;
transverse striz to face, spot between face and eyes, anterior legs
with the base of coxee, under surface of femora, tarsi, and most of
the tibiz black, intermediate and posterior legs much less marked
with black; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation, except near
base, fuscous ; tegmina with extreme base, basal cell, costal mem-
brane and area ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 30; exp. tegm. 97 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Green).
This species is very closely allied to the Malayan 2. viridis,
Fabr., of which I have hitherto treated it as a synonym. It is a
larger insect, judging from the type in the British Museum,
80 CICADID®.
and should it prove (when more material is available for study)
to be scarcely a distinct species, it is at all events a distinct local
race.
1562. Rihana germana, Dist. (Cicada) Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvi,
ger’ hens) ; : Z
p. 457, t. iv, f. 3,a, 6 (1888); ¢d. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 97
(1892).
Body above dull reddish-ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous ;
head with a broad anterior margin to front, inner margins of eyes
and a fascia between them, black; pronotum with two central
fasciate lines anteriorly diverging towards eyes, anterior margin
and inner edge of posterior margin, black ; mesonotum with four
obeonical spots (the outermost longest and inwardly ochraceous)
and a central lanceolate fascia black ; abdomen with the segmental
margins black, the lateral areas and anal segment distinctly ochra-
ceously pilose; body beneath and legs pale reddish-ochraceous ;
sternum and lateral abdominal areas ochraceously pilose ; apex of
rostrum black and just passing the intermediate cox; tegmina
and wings hyaline, the venation olivaceous ; tegmina with the
costal membrane green, postcostal area black ; opercula rounded
posteriorly, not overlapping inwardly and not reaching base of
abdomen.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 30; exp. tegm. 85 millim.
Hab. Burma; Teinzo (Fea)—Penang Hills (flower). Siam
Malay States; Bulsit Besar (Annandale).
Genus CRYPTOTYMPANA.
Cryptotympana, Stal, Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. (1861) p. 613; 2d. Hem.
Afr. iv, p. 6 (1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 83 (1891).
Type, C. pustulata, Fabr., a Malayan species also found in China
and Japan.
Distribution. Oriental Region, Malayan Archipelago (probably
not extending eastward beyond the Philippines), and the extreme
eastern portion of the Palearctic Region.
Head broad, more or less transversely truncate between the
eyes, including which it is a little broader than the base of meso-
notum, its length only slightly more than half the breadth between
eyes, ocelli about twice the distance from eyes as from each
other, front slightly prominent ; pronotum about as long as meso-
notum, its lateral margins oblique, the posterior angles a little
ampliate; abdomen in male about as long as space between apex
of head and base of cruciform elevation, the tympanal orifices
concealed by the tympanal coverings; opercula in male well
developed, varying in shape and size; metasternum elevated at
middle and furnished with a posterior process directed backward ;
anterior femora strongly spined beneath; tegmina hyaline or semi-
opaque, basal cell longer than broad ; apical areas eight.
CRYPTOTYMPANA, 81
A. Tegmina with transverse veins at bases of second and third
apical areas not infuscated.
a. Tegmina with black basal coloration extending beyond basal cell.
b. Opercula in male about half as long as abdomen, their outer
margins imwardly oblique, their apical margins concavely
oblique to apices, which are obtusely angulate.
1563. Cryptotympana corvus, Walk. (Fidicina) List Hom. i, p. 86
(1850); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 231 (1885) ; Stal (Crypto-
tympana), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 483; Dist. Mon, Orrent.
Cicad: p. 81, ty x tlh) 516) (1891).
Fidicina invarians, Walk. Ins. een Hom. p. 11 (1858).
Body above black; lateral margins of pronotum ochraceously
pilose: mesonotum with the outlines of two central obconical
spots; head beneath, sternum, legs, and rostrum blackly, thickly
ereyishly pilose; a spot at basal margin of face, femora and pos-
terior tibiz (excluding bases and apices), and opercula (excluding
Fig. 41.—Cryptotympana corvus.
basal areas) reddish-ochraceous ; abdomen beneath thickly darkly
ochraceously pilose, with a areal central black fascia; tegmina
and wings hyaline, the venation ochraceous and fuscous ; tesmina
with the costal membrane ochraceous, its edge black, postcostal
area black, basal cell and less than basal foucth (excluding vena-
tion) black ; wings with less than basal third black.
Length excl. teom., 3,45 to 47; exp. tegm. 117 to 130 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Coll. Dist.). Darjiling (Stockh. Mus.). Sylhet
(Brit. Mus.). Assam (Ind. Mus.); Naga Hills (Doherty). Nilgiri
Hills (Hampson).
VOL, III. @
D
bo
CICADID.
aa. Teqmina with black basal coloration not extending
beyond basal cell.
ce. Opercula in male reaching penultimate abdominal segment,
inner margins straight, not overlapping, apical margus
strongly concavely sinuate, their apices curved imwards.
1564. Cryptotympana edwardsi, Kirk. J. Bomb. N. H. Soc. xiv, p. 55
(1902).
Allied to C. corvus, but differing principally by the size and
shape of the opercula in male, which reach the penultimate abdo-
minal segments ; the abdomen beneath is uniformly ochraceous,
black at base and apex, but without the central black longitudinal
fascia ; mesonotum with four dark distinct obconical spots and a
similar central lanceolate spot ; front with a central longitudinal
line, pronotum with a similar line on its anterior area and
its posterior margins ochraceous ; tegmina with the black basal
area not extending beyond basal cell, and wigs narrowly black
at base.
Length excl. tegm. 464; exp. tegm. 115 millim.
Hab, * India” (Coli. Hdwards).
cc. Opercula in male about half as long as abdomen, their outer
margis reflewed, very slightly oblique, their apical margins
straightly not concavely oblique.
1565. Cryptotympana intermedia, Sign. (Cicada) Rev. Mag. Zool.
1849, p. 407, t. x, f.2; Stal (Cryptotympana), Ann. Soc. Ent.
Fr. 1861, p. 613; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lil, p. 231 (1885) ;
Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 88, t. xi, f. 1, a, 6 (1891); Melich.
Hom, Faun, Ceylon, p. 6 (1903).
Fidicina immaculata, Walk. (nee Oliv.) List Hom. i, p. 90 (1850).
Body above black or dark castaneous; mesonotum with two
obscure central obconical spots and the basal cruciform elevation
castaneous ; tympanal coverings dark castaneous ; body beneath
black, somewhat thickly greyishly pilose (excepting the central
disk of abdomen); femoral and tibial streaks, posterior tibiz
(excluding bases and apices), and the opercula ochraceous ; teg-
mina and wings hyaline, the venation ochraceous ; tegmina with
the costal membrane and postcostal area ochraceous, extreme basal
costal edge black, basal cell and basal patch (excluding venation)
brownish-ochraceous or black; wings with about basal fifth
brownish-ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 44; exp. tegm. 127 millim.
Hab. North Bengal (Brit. Mus.). Mussooree (Mackinnon).
Ceylon, Matale (Green); Dambula, Mikintale, Nalanda (jide
Melichar).— Java ( fide Signorct).
CRYPTOTYMPANA,. 83
B. Tegmina with transverse veins at bases of second and third
apical areas infuscated.
b. Tegmina with black basal coloration extending to about end of
basal cell.
d. Opercula in male more than half the length of abdomen, outer
margins slightly concavely sinuate, inner margins overlapping,
apical margins concavely and obliquely sinuate to apices,
which are subacutely angulate.
1566. Cryptotympana acuta, Sign. (Cicada) Rev. May. Zool. 1849,
p. 409, t. x, f. 8, a; Stad (Cryptotympana), Ann. Soc. Ent.
1861, i, p. 613; Dest. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 88, t. xi, f. 8, a, 6
(1891).
Cicada vicina, Sign. Rev. Mag. Zool. 1849, p. 410, t. x, f. 4; Stal
(Cryptotympana), Ann. Soc. Ent. 1861, i, p. 6138; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. liii. p. 230 (1885).
Fidicina nivitera, Walk. List Hom.i, p. 80 (1850); ¢d. tom. cit.
iv, t. i, f. 2 (1852).
Fidicina bicolor, Wack. tom. cit. iv, p. 1121 (1852).
Fidicina timorica, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. x, p. 91 (1867).
Body above dark castaneous or black; eyes and ocelli ochraceous ;
mesonotum with two central obscure obccnical spots, followed on
each side by a longer fascia and with a curved fascia in front of
‘the cruciform elevation; abdomen with a large greyish-white
fascia on each lateral area occupying three segments behind the
tympanal coverings ; body beneath dark castaneous, sternum
thickly greyishly pilose; opercula ochraceous; apical abdominal
segment and anal appendage ochraceous; tegmina and wings
hyaline, venation ochraceous and fuscous; tegmina with costal
membrane ochraceous, the postcostal area black, base as far as
extremity of basal cell (excluding venation) irregularly black ;
transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas infus-
cated; wings with less than basal third (excluding venation)
black.
Length excl. tegm. 36 to 43; exp. tegm. 102 to 130 millim.
Hab. Bhutan Duars ( fide Atkinson). Java. Borneo. Lombok.
Philippines. Timor.
dd. Opercula in male about half the length of abdomen, outer
margins concavely sinuate, trner margins overlapping, and
thence concavely and obliquely divergent to apices which are
subacute.
1567. Cryptotympana recta, Walk. (Fidicina) List Hom. i, p. 79
(1850) ; Sta? (Cryptotympana), Ofv. Vet.-Ak, Forh. 1862, p. 483 ;
G2
84 CICADID ©.
Atkins. J. A. S, Beng. liii, p. 280 (1885); Dist. Mon. Orient.
Cicad. p. 89, t. x, f. 10, a, 6 (1891).
Body above black, sparingly ochraceously pilose; eyes castaneous ;
mesonotum with two very obscure central obeonical spots ; body
beneath black, sternum and lateral areas of abdomen thickly
ereyishly pilose; opercula ochraceous ; legs black, intermediate
tibis and posterior femora and tibiz castaneous, streaked with
black; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation ochraceous or fuscous ;
tegmina with the costal membrane ochraceous, its extreme basal
costal edge black, postcostal area black, transverse veins at bases of
second and third apical areas darkly infuscate, basal area to slightly
beyond basal cell (excluding venation) black; wings with less than
basal third black.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 41; exp. teem. 110 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (Brit. Mus.). Assam; North Khasi Hills (Chennell).
Nilgiri Hills (Hampson).
ddd. Opercula in male short and subovate, inner margins not over-
lapping, apical margins oblique to wpices which do not extend
beyond basal abdominal segment, outer margins slightly
oblique.
1568. Cryptotympana limborgi, Dist..4. M. N. H. (6) i, p. 296
(1888) ; 7d. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 91, t. x, f. 7, a, 6 (1891).
Cryptotympana recta, Dist. (nec Walk.) J. A. S. Beng. xviii,
p- 40, t. 11, f. 4 (1879).
Body above olivaceous-brown, sometimes blackish-olivaceous ;
head with the lateral striations to front and a transverse fascia
between the eyes black; pronotum with two central, oblique,
black fascie, its posterior and lateral margins olivaceous, the
anterior margin narrowly black; mesonotum with four anterior
central obconical spots (the two central spots largest), and a small
oblique fasciate line on each side near base, black ; abdominal
segmental margins and inner area of tympanal coverings black ;
abdominal lateral areas greyishly pilose ; body beneath olivaceous-
brown; anterior tibiz and tarsi, apices of intermediate and pos-
terior tibize and the tarsi black ; opercula in male olivaceous with
their inner margins broadly black; lateral areas of abdomen
beneath ochraceously pilose ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation
ochraceous or fuscous ; tegmina with costal membrane olivaceous,
the postcostal area black, basal area to about end of basal cell
(excluding venation) piceous or black, transverse veins at bases of
second and third apical areas infuscate; wings (excluding venation)
narrowly piceous or black at base.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 32; exp. tegm. 95 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim (Limborg) ; Myitta (Doherty).
CRYPTOTYMPANA, 85
bb. Tegmina with only extreme base black ov piceous.
e. Opercula in male slightly overlapping at inner margins, obtusely
and broadly angulated at apices which do not extend beyond
basal abdominal segment.
1569. Cryptotympana insularis, Dist. A. M. N. H. (5) xx, p. 416
(1887) ; «d. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 91, t. xi, f. 2, a, 6 (1891).
3. Body short and broad; head, pronotum, and mesonotum
dark olivaceous, eyes and ocelli ochraceous, front with lateral black
carine ; pronotum with a pale central longitudinal impression, the
incisures somewhat dark ; mesonotum with four anterior obconical
spots, of which the two central ave largest, and a transverse spot
in front of cruciform elevation dull dark castaneous ; abdomen
above dark brownish-olivaceous, the segments palely pilose ; body
beneath olivaceous; face with a central, longitudinal, levigate,
ochraceous fascia ; rostrum piceous and almost reaching the pos-
terior coxe; abdomen beneath brownish-ochraceous; legs with
anterior femora dark ochraceous, their apices and the anterior
tibie and tarsi piceous; intermediate and posterior femora brownish,
trochanters piceous, tibize ochraceous with their apices and the
tarsi piceous, posterior tarsi with a central ochraceous annulation ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, with a slight fuscous tinge, both
narrowly dark fuscous at base; tegmina with the venation and
costal membrane olivaceous, transverse veins at bases of second
and third apical areas distinctly infuscate.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 36; exp. tegm. 115 millim.
Hab. Andaman Islands; Port Blair ((e/dola).
C. Tegmina with only the extreme base piceous or black, the
transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas
infuscate.
ee. Opercula in male not extending beyond basal abdominal
segment, their apices somewhat truncately rounded, their inner
margins meeting but not overlapping.
1570. Cryptotympana vesta, Dist. (Cicada) 7r. EL. 8. 1904, p. 673,
pl. xxx, f. 4, a,
Head black, a central line to face and anterior narrow margin
to vertex ochraceous ; pronotum castaneous, its posterior margin
and a central longitudinal fascia margined with black, ochraceous ;
mesonotum black, two central, discal angulated fascize with a spot
between them, and the basal cruciform elevation, ochraceous ;
abdomen above black; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous,
ereyishly pilose; opercula and anal segment bright ochraceous ;
&6 CICADID &.
apices of tibie and tarsi piceous ; tegmina and wings pale hyaline,
the venation ochraceous towards base and fuscous towards apex 5
tegmina with the costal membrane ochraceous to apex of radial
area and thence piceous, the basal cell and narrow bases of both
tegmina and wings piceous; opercula about half the length of
abdomen, their lateral margins somewhat strongly oblique; rostrum
about reaching the posterior coxe.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 58, 9 22; exp. tegm., ¢ 80, Q
70 millim.
Hab. Bombay (. M. Dixon).
This species greatly resembles the genus Cicada, and I was so
misled by the general similarity that I originally described it in
that genus, not having searched for the metasternal process.
eee. Species at present only known to writer by female specimens :
description of opercula therefore impossible.
1571. Cryptotympana exalbida, Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 92,
t. xiii, f. 12, a, b (1891).
@. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum castaneous, abdomen
black ; head with lateral striations to front and the vertex black,
eyes ochraceous ; pronotum with two central fasciate spots
anteriorly widened, a transverse linear mark at front of anterior
margin, hinder edge of posterior margin and a short transverse
central fascia to same black, anterior halves of lateral margins
cretaceously tomentose ; mesonotum with four central obconical
spots (of which the central two are shortest), a broad lateral fascia,
a central lanceolate spot, and two small spots in front of cruci-
form elevation black ; abdomen sparingly griseously pilose ; body
beneath black; sternum and lateral areas of abdomen thickly
griseously pilose; face castaneous, its transverse striations and
longitudinal sulcation and space between face and eyes black ;
coxal spots black ; legs castaneous, anterior and intermediate
tibiz and tarsi black, intermediate tibize with a subbasal castaneous
annulation, apices of posterior tibise and bases of posterior tarsi
black; anal appendage with an ochraceous spot on each side ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, venation ochraceous and fuscous ;
tegmina with costal membrane ochraceous, postcostal area black,
basal cell ochraceous, its upper half black, extreme basal area and
a broad claval streak black ; wings narrowly black at base.
Length excl. tegm., 2,32; exp. tegm. 95 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Coll. Dist.). Nilgiri Hills (Hampson).
I have not seen the male of this species.
D. Tegmina to about end of basal cell only moderately infuscate.
1572. Cryptotympana varicolor, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 480
(1904).
2. Body brownish-ochraceous : pronotum with two inwardly
DUNDUBIARIA. S7
curved obconical black spots and two more obsolete black oblique
spots on each lateral area between the incisures, but not extending
to the posterior margin; mesonotum with a large pale greenish
discal spot, its base truncate and resting on the cruciform eleva-
tion, anteriorly divided into three angular prolongations which
about reach the anterior margin; lateral areas of the sternum
somewhat pale greenish. Tegmina and wings hyaline, bases of
both brownish ochraceous ; the tegmina with the costal membrane
and area, the basal cell, the greater part of the venation, and the
margins of the transverse veins at bases of second and third apical
areas brownish ochraceous.
Length of head about half the width between eyes, and
including eyes considerably broader than base of mesonotum ;
rostrum passing the intermediate coxe; body beneath finely
pilose ; anterior femora armed with two long spines beneath.
Length excl. tegm., 2,31; exp. tegm. 102 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Green).—Sumbawa Island (Paris Mus.).
Division DUNDUBIARIA,
Dundubiaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 58 (1905).
Lateral margins of the pronotum distinctly angulated or
toothed; tegmina and wings hyaline, sometimes spotted, but
never opaque ; opercula in male varying very much in length and
shape, and in some genera reaching the maximum of development.
This division is a very homogeneous one, but, at the same time,
one of the most difficult to analyze generically. It is composed
almost entirely of Oriental, Malayan, and Australasian species,
though a few are derived from the extreme east of the Palearctic
Region, which, as is well known, possesses strong Oriental affinities,
Synopsis of Genera.
I. Second and third ventral segments in male with
distinct lateral tubercles ; opercula short.
A. Head (including eyes) considerably narrower [p. 89.
than base of mesonotum...............+.-. LEPTOPSALTRIA,
B. Head (including eyes) as wide as base of meso-
notum; head as long as space between eyes. PUuRANA, p. 91.
Il. Ventral segments without tubercles; opercula
short, or sometimes very long, and very variable
in shape.
C. Front of head large and convex, about twice
as broad at its base as the length of the
anterior margins of the lobes of vertex ;
rostrum scarcely reaching the posterior coxee. DUNDUBIA, p. 94.
D. Front of head not twice as broad at base as
length of anterior margins of the lobes of
vertex ; rostrum reaching, sometimes passing,
the posterior coxe.
88 CICADID®.
Qe Opercula long, at least reaching centre, and
sometimes apex of abdomen,
b. Abdomen short, about as long as space
between apex of head and base of cruci-
form elevation.
a. Head as long as breadth between eyes.
a’, Opercula in male broad, either just
or longly passing middle of ab-
domen, well separated and not
overlapping, more or less concavely
situate on each side at basal area,
their apices rounded or obliquely
WIHMMVCENE), pogodaeccdoo qa ooges 6g.:0
a. Head much shorter than breadth
between eyes.
a. Opercula in male broad, their inner
margins contiguous, nearly equally
broad throughout, their apices
broad, the outer margins very obso-
letely sinuate .... By eee
bb. Abdomen considerably longer than space
between apex of head and base of eruci-
form elevation.
b. Head about as long as breadth between
eyes,
ec. Pronotum measured centrally almost
as long as mesonotum excluding
cruciform elevation, its lateral mar-
gins always distinctly, strongly, and
_Benerally acutely toothed,
°, Opercula elongate, concavely sin-
uate on each side near base, their
apices rounded or obtusely acute,
occupying lateral abdominalareas,
and always well separated at
their inner margins,.........
b'. Head distinctly shorter than breadth
between eyes.
ec. Pronotum measured centrally dis-
tinctly shorter than mesonotum, its
lateral margins moderately dentate.
a‘, Opercula obliquely adiveeeny
sometimes very short ..........
aa. Opercula always short and transverse.
d. Abdomen in male longer than space
between apex of head and base of cruci-
form elevation.
d. Tympanal coverings of normal peur
and sizes 2... 0 5006
e. Abdomen in male short, about as “long
as space between apex of head and base
ae cruciform elevation.
’. Tympanal coverings of normal shape
SNQ'SIZE | > oa... Cee ayers
*, Tympanal coverings very globose and
projecting bey ond the lateral margins
of the abdomen.
[p. 96.
COSMOPSALTRIA,
Hapusa, p. 99.
[p. 100.
PLATYLOMIA,
Mermuna, p. 107.
Pomponta, p. 111.
AOLA, p. 115,
LEPTOPSALTRIA, 89
e. Lateral margins of tympanal coverings
convex; tegmina not more than fpsdaliy.
three times longer than broad .... ONCOTYMPANA,
J. Lateral margins of tympanal coverings
sinuate, their posterior angles only
projecting beyond abdominal mar-
gins; tegmina more than three
times longer than broad.......... Mara, p. 119.
Genus LEPTOPSALTRIA.
Leptopsaltria (part.), Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 5 (1866) ; (part.) 7d. Berl.
ent. Zeit. x, p. 170 (1866) ; 2d. (part.) Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p- 31 (1889).
Type, LZ. tuberosa, Sign.
Distribution. Oriental and extreme eastern portion of the
Palearctic Region.
Head (including eyes), considerably narrower than base of meso-
notum, ocelli not quite twice the distance from eyes as from each
other, front somewhat conical and subprominent ; pronotum with
the lateral margins moderately ampliated and more or less
distinctly toothed or angulated ; gene internally at apex near
base of lore furnished with a tubercle or tumescence ; abdomen
moderately long and robust; anterior femora distinctly and
robustly spined ; rostrum extending beyond the posterior coxee ;
tympana covered; opercula short; second and third abdominal
segments in the male furnished with a well-developed tubercle near
each lateral margin; tegmina and wings hyaline ; venation
normal, tegminal apical areas eight in number.
a. Opercula in male small, wide apart, longitudinal, their
apices broadly convex.
1573. Leptopsaltria tuberosa, Sign. (Cicada) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.
1847, p. 299; Stal (Leptopsaltria), Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 170
(1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 84, t. vill, f. 7, a, b (1889).
Body above brownish-ochraceous ; head with some lateral
curved fascize to front, some oblique fascie# to vertex, area of
ocelli, and basal margin piceous or black; pronotum with two
central longitudinal lines, the anterior margin, edge of lateral
margin, and a spot near each lateral area piceous; mesonotum
with a narrow central longitudinal fascia, on each side of which is
a short curved fascia followed by a short triangular spot on
anterior margin, a broad oblique fascia on each lateral area uniting
with a large triangular spot in front of cruciform elevation, and a
fascia on each lateral margin uniting with the previous fascia at
base, piceous; abdomen with the segmental margins piceous ;
body beneath and legs ochraceous, abdominal tubercles blackish ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation brownish ; tegmina with
90 CICADID.E.
the costal membrane brownish, a small blackish spot at base of
upper ulnar area, transverse veins at bases of second, third, fifth,
Fig. 42.—Leptopsaltria tuberosa.
and seventh apical areas infuscated, and a submarginal series of
small fuscous spots on longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 27 to 32, 9 23; exp. tegm., ¢ 72 to
79, 2 (one spec.) 84 millim.
Hab, Sikhim (Coll. Dist.). Assam ; Khasi Hills (Zid. Mus.).—
Java (Coll. Dist.). Japan (Bruss. Mus.).
aa. Opercula in male small, moderately separated, subtransverse,
their apices obliquely subtruncate.
1574. Leptopsaltria samia, Wak. (Dundubia) List Hom. i, p. 77
(1850); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lili, p. 225 (1888); Dist.
(Leptopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 32, t. vill, f. 11, a, b
(1889).
Body above brownish-ochraceous, tinged with greenish; allied
to L. tuberosa, which it much resembles, but differing by the more
produced front of head, the less sinuate lateral margins of the
pronotum, more apically broadened abdomen, and different shape
of the opercula. Mesonotum with two short central anterior
curved lines, on each side of which is a small spot, followed by a
broken narrow fascia on each lateral area and two small spots in
front of basal cruciform elevation, black.
Length excl. tegm. 26 ; exp. tegm. 76 millim.
Meee) “North India” (Warwick, Brit. Mus.). Sikhim (Coll.
ist.)
aaa. Opercula in male wide apart, oblique, their apical
margins obliquely subtruncate.
1575. Leptopsaltria andamanensis, Dist. 4. M. N. H. (6) i, p. 370
(1888) ; td. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 34, t. x, f. 12, a, 6 (1889).
Body above reddish-ochraceous; ocelli shining reddish; pro-
notum with the middle of the anterior margin and the whole of
\
PURANA, 91
the posterior margin (widest at centre) piceous ; mesonotum with
two blackish marginally marked obconical spots at anterior margin,
and a greenish fascia near each lateral margin; abdomen with
the segmental margins piceous ; body beneath ochraceous, the
abdominal tubercles blackish ; legs mutilated in specimen de-
scribed ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous ; tegmina
with the costal membrane brownish-ochraceous, a small costal
fuscous and ochraceous spot at base of upper ulnar area, the
transverse veins at the bases of second, third, and fifth apical
areas infuscated, and a series of small fuscous marginal spots near
the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas ; rostrum with
its apex piceous and just passing the posterior coxe.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,21; exp. tegm. 58 millim.
Hab, Andaman Islands ( Wood-Mason).
Genus PURANA.
Purana, Dist. dA. M. N. #1. (7) xv, p. 60 (1905).
Type, P. tigrina, Walk.
Mstribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) as wide as base of mesonotum and as
long as space between eyes ; face prominent and convex, its base
almost at right angles to the anterior lateral angles of vertex ;
pronotum narrowed anteriorly, its lateral margins angulated or
- toothed; mesonotum much longer than pronotum ; abdomen
moderately conical above, gradually attenuated posteriorly, in male
considerably longer than the space between the apex of head and
base of cruciform elevation, tubercles on the second and third
ventral segments large and prominent ; opercula small; tympanal
coverings in male broader at base than long ; rostrum reaching or
a little passing posterior coxe ; tegmina and wings hyaline.
a. Opercula small, wide apart, apices convexly angulated.
1576. Purana tigrina, Walk. (Dundubia) List Hom. i, p. 69 (1850);
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 224 (1885) ; Dist. (Leptopsaltria)
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 35, t. x, f. 6, a, b (1889).
Head and thorax above greenish-ochraceous ; abdomen brownish-
ochraceous ; head with the frontal margins, the area of the ocelli,
inner margins of eyes, and a spot on each lateral area of vertex
black ; pronotum with anterior margin, two central longitudinal
lines, and the outer incisures black; mesonotum with a central
longitudinal fascia, followed on each side by a short curved fascia,
a broken irregular fascia on each lateral area, and two small spots
in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdominal segmental
margins black; sternum, legs, and opercula greenish-ochraceous ;
abdomen beneath pale ochraceous, the tubercles, a spot near base,
92 CICADID®.
and the apex black; a transverse spot between face and eyes,
a small spot at apex of face, and the apex of rostrum black;
tegmina and wings hyaline, venation brownish-ochraceous, fuscous
towards apical areas: tegmina with costal membrane brownish-
Fig. 48.—Purana tigrina.
ochraceous, a small ochraceous spot near base of upper ulnar area ;
transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas broadly
infuscated, and some small faint fuscous marginal spots near apex.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 24 to 27; exp. tegm. 68 millim.
Hab. Malabar (Brit. Mus.). Trivandrum (Fergusson).—Tibet ;
Tsekou (Paris Mus.). Malay Peninsula; Province Wellesley
(Distant).
aa. Opercula small, wide apart, apices convealy rounded.
1577. Purana tigroides, Walk. (Dundubia) Ins. Saund., Hom. p. 5
(1858) ; Dist. (Leptopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 35, t. xii,
f. 18, a, b (1889).
Closely allied to the preceding species (P. tigrina), but struc-
turally differing by the shape of the opercula; the species is also
smaller in size; the transverse vein at the base of the second
apical area is much less oblique, and the face is less transversely
striated with black.
Length excl. tegm. 22; exp. tegm. 60 milim.
Hab. “ Hindostan ” (Brit. Mus.).—Borneo (Paris Mus.).
b. Opercula wide apart, and somewhat irregularly
rectangular in shape.
1578. Purana morrisi, Dist. (Leptopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad, p. 101,
texvaet. 19; a, 6)(1892).
Body above ochraceous ; head with margins of front (excepting
apex), anterior angles of vertex, and reticulate markings covering
the whole of vertex black; pronotum with two central longi-
PURANA. 93
tudinal fascize, widened anteriorly and angulated posteriorly, and
the incisures, piceous ; mesonotum with a central longitudinal
fascia, on each side of which is a short oblique fascia, followed by
a large irregularly curved submarginal fascia, the anterior angles
of the cruciform elevation, and two small spots in front of same,
black; abdomen with the segmental margins, the last segment and
anal appendage (both above and beneath), and an obscure marginal
series of spots on each side piceous or black; body beneath and
legs very pale ochraceous; an oblique fascia between face and
eyes, transverse fascizee to face, under surface and spines to
anterior femora, sternal spots, a transverse central fascia at base
of abdomen, and abdominal tubercles black ; tegmina and wings
pale hyaline, the venation ochraceous and black ; tegmina with
costal membrane, and a spot at base of upper ulnar area, pale
ochraceous ; transverse veins at bases of second and third apical
areas infuscated, and a series of faint fuscous marginal spots at
apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas; rostrum reaching
latitude of first pair of abdominal tubercles.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 19; exp. tegm. 55 millim.
Hab, Madras Province, Shivarai Hills (Morris).
ec. Opercula broad, transverse, nearer together than in preceding
species, inner margins oblique, apices subtruncately rounded,
1579. Purana guttularis, Walk. (Cicada) List Hom. Suppl. p. 29
(1858) ; Sta (Leptopsaltria), Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 170 (1866) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 227 (1885); Dist. Mon. Ortent.
Cicad. p. 37, t. xii, f. 20, a, 6 (1889).
Body above dull ochraceous ; head with anterior curved strize
to front, marginai and transverse lines at anterior angles of vertex,
margins of ocelli, and an oblique spot at inner margins of each
eye black ; pronotum with the anterior margin, two central
longitudinal lines united posteriorly and outwardly emitting an
angulated line, and the incisures black, the posterior margin
distinctly pale ochraceous; mesonotum with a central line, the
margins of two anterior obconical spots, faint traces of a broken
lateral fascia on each side, and two small spots in front of cruci-
form elevation black ; abdominal segmental margins piceous or
black ; body beneath concolorous, the abdominal tubercles black ;
striations to face, excluding lateral and apical areas, piceous ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, venation ochraceous or fuscous ;
tegmina with costal membrane and a spot at base of upper ulnar
area pale ochraceous ; transverse veins at bases of second and
third and sometimes fifth apical areas, and small spots at the
apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas, fuscous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ & 9, 19 to 20; exp. tegm. 60 millim.
Hab. Burma (Brit. Mus.).—Nias Island (Modigliant). Borneo ;
Sarawak (Coll, Dist.). Philippines (Semper).
94 CICADIDA.
Genus DUNDUBIA.
Dundubia, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 470 (1843); Stal, Hem. Afr. iv,
p- 5 (1866) ; Dest. Mon. Orient. Crcad. p. 38 (1889).
Type, D. mannifera, Linn.
Distribution. Oriental and J Malayan Regions; also found in
North Australia.
Body long and robust; head somewhat triangularly elongate,
about as long as pronotum, the front large and convex, about
twice as broad at its base as the length of the anterior margins of
the lobes of vertex, ocelli a little farther apart from eyes than
from each other; pronotum almost as long as mesonotum, the
lateral margins not prominently amphiated but distinctly toothed ;
abdomen a little longer than space between apex of head and base
of cruciform elevation ; tympana completely covered ; opercula in
male long and extending beyond middle of abdomen; rostrum
scarcely reaching the posterior cox; anterior femora spined ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with the venation normal,
the apical areas eight in number, and the basal cell twice as long
as broad.
a. Opercula in male reaching penultimate abdominal segment,
concavely sinuate on each side near base, and thence convealy
ampliated, especially on inner margins, apices narrowed and
obtusely rounded,
1580. Dundubia mannifera, Linn. (Cicada) Mus. Ad. Fried. p. 84
(1754), excl. syn. Stal, Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 170 (1866);
Dist. Mon. Or vent. Cicad. Pe coopmt elves 17, a, b, and var.
10, a, 6 (1889).
Tettivonia vaginata, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 266 (1787).
Cicada virescens, Oliv. Enc. Méth. v, p. 747 (1790).
Dundubia immacula, Walk. List Hom. i, p. 50 (1850).
Dundubia nigrimacula &§ sobria, Walk. loc. cit. p. 63.
Dundubia varians, Walk. (nec Germ.) Walk. loc. cit. p. 48.
Fidicina confinis, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. x, p. 92 (1867).
Stoll, Cig. £. 35.
Var. terpsichore, Walk. (Cephaloxys) List Hom. i, p. 239 (1850) ;
Atkins. (Mogannia) J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 233 (1885); Dist.
(Dundubia) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p- 39, t. xii, f. 1, a, 6 (1889).
Body green, pale ochraceous, or green and dark ochraceous ;
abdomen above with some small lateral black spots, which are
most distinct in the paler-coloured specimens ; tegminaand wings
pale hyaline, the venation and the costal Peninane of teemina
pale brownish or ochraceous ; rostrum just passing the inter-
mediate cox.
The var. terpsichore, Walk., differs only from the typical form
of the species by the somewhat shorter opercula, by a sligh
bronzy tinge to the apices of the tegmina in the male, and by the
DUNDUBIA. 95
peace central mesonotal spots being outwardly margined with
ack.
Length excl. tegm., g 30 to 45, 9 27 to 35; exp. tegm., ¢ &
9°, 85 to 115 millim.
Hab. Sikhim. Assam; Niga Hills (Ind. Mus.), N. Khasi
Hills (Chennell). Sibsagar (Ind. Mus.). Burma; Bhamo (Léa).
Fig. 44.—Dundubia mannifera.
Moulmein (Jnd. Mus.). Tenasserim (Limborg); Myitta Valley
(Doheriy).—Malay Peninsula. Sumatra. Java. Borneo. Celebes.
Philippines. China.
This is a most abundant species and found throughout 'the
* East. -
aa. Opercula in male very narrow and extendiny beyond middle of
abdomen, slightly curved outwardly, concave on each side near
base, the apices broadly convex.
1581. Dundubia emanatura, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) iii, p. 51 (1889) ;
td. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 41, t. viii, f. 3, ua, 6 (1889).
Head and thorax above either greenish or ochraceous ; abdomen
brownish-ochraceous ; head with a narrow, reticulated, transverse
black fascia between the eyes enclosing the ocelli, and a black
spot at the anterior lateral angles of the vertex, eyes brownish ;
pronotum with narrow, black, lateral marginal tascize ; body
beneath and legs ochraceous ; apices of posterior tibie infuscated ;
tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the venation pale greenish-
ochraceous ; rostrum reaching the intermediate cox; in the
female type the abdomen has a black lateral marginal fascia on
each side.
Length excl. teem., ¢, 26; exp. tegm. 72 millim.
Hab. Karwar (Atkinson). Nilgiri Hills (Hampson).
The black lateral margins to the pronotum and the narrow
opercula in the male render this species very distinct.
96 CICADID®.
aaa. Opercula in male elongate and narrow, reaching penultimate
abdominal segment, their basal areas inwardly curved, their
apical areas long, slender, acutely pointed at apices.
1582. Dundubia intemerata, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 84
(1856); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 224 (1885); Dest. Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 42, t. iv, f. 1, a, b (1889).
§ §Body green, ochraceous, or with the abdomen above ochraceous ;
ocelli red; eyes dark castaneous or fuscous ; rostrum, cox, tarsi,
and apices of tibize ochraceous ; apex of rostrum and the tarsal
claws black ; tegmina and wings pale hyaline, their extreme bases,
venation, and costal membrane of the first greenish-ochraceous ;
rostrum about reaching the posterior coxe, a character belonging
to the following genus (Cosmopsaltria), but the structure of the
head is of the strictly Dundubian character.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 28 to 30, 2 26 to 28; exp. tegm.,
3 78 to 85, 2 74 to 78 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Doherty), Khasi Hills (Chennclt),
Sibsagar (Ind. Mus.). Tenasserim; Myitta Valley (Doherty).—
Malay Peninsula.
Mr. Annandale states that at certain seasons this Cicada forms
a regular article of diet among the Siamese inhabitants of
Patulung, who capture it by the foilowing peculiar method :—
‘Immediately after the sun had set several of the natives
gathered in an open space, round a fire of brushwood or a number
of torches fastened to stakes stuck in the ground, and commenced
to clap their hands in unison, observing a regular time and
rhythm. Very soon, if they were fortunate, the Cicadas flew out
from the undergrowth of the surrounding orchards and jungle,
and alighted on the persons of their captors, who had no difficulty
in picking off the insects.” (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 859.)
Genus COSMOPSALTRIA.
Cosmopsaltria, Sta, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 5 (1866); td. Berl. ent. Zeit.
x, p. 170 (1866).
Type, C. doryca, Boisd., from Papuana.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions ; also recorded
from Corea and Japan.
Body moderately long and robust, head as long as breadth
between eyes, and including eyes as wide as base of mesonotum,
with the front not twice as broad at base as anterior margins of
the lobes of vertex, lateral margins obliquely continuous to front
or very slightly sinuate; pronotum about as long as head, its
lateral margins scarcely ampliated, but distinctly toothed or
angulated ; mesonotum slightly longer than pronotum ; abdomen
short, about as long as space between apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation ; tympana covered; opercula in male broad,
either just or longly passing middle of abdomen, well separated
COSMOPSALTRIA. 97
and not overlapping, more or less concavely sinuate on each side
at basal areas, their apices rounded or obliquely truncate ; rostrum
reaching, sometimes passing, the posterior coxe; tegmina and
wings hyaline; greatest breadth of tegmina about a third of
length ; venation normal; basal cell much longer than broad.
A. Rostrum almost reaching apex of first abdominal segment.
a. Opercula in male almost reaching apex of fourth abdominal
segment, concavely narrowed on each side near base, thence
widened to apices, which are rounded and situate on abdominal
margins.
1583. Cosmopsaltria oopaga, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1881, p. 640; Atkins.
J. A, S. Beng. lili, p. 227 (1885); Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p- 46, t. v, f. 9, a, 6 (1889).
Head dull ochraceous ; posterior lateral margins of front black,
the two basal ocelli surrounded with black which extends to
posterior margin; pro- and mesonota pale olivaceous, the first
with a central longitudinal ochraceous fascia with its margins
Fig. 45.— Cosmopsaltria oopaga.
black and united posteriorly ; mesonotum with two anterior
black-margined obconical spots, on each side of which is a small
spot, an anterior lateral fascia, a curved basal fascia, and a spot on
each anterior angle of cruciform elevation, black ; abdomen dull
ochraceous inclining to olivaceous, laterally sparingly greyishly
pubescent and with an indistinct lateral series of fuscous spots ;
body beneath and legs pale ochraceous or olivaceous, bases of
tibize, apices of anterior and intermediate tibie, and the anterior
and intermediate tarsi black; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation olivaceous with fuscous intervals.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 39; exp. tegm. 96 millim.
Hab. Burma (Coll, Dist.).—Siam.
VOL, III. i
98 CICADIDE.
B. Rostrum reaching posterior cox.
b. Opercula in male reaching apical abdominal segment, concavely
narrowed at base, thence widened and moderately convex to
apices, which are rounded and situate on lateral abdominal
areas.
1584. Cosmopsaltria fez, Dist. Mon, Orient. Cicad. p. 101, t. xv, f. 20
(1892).
Body above brownish-ochraceous and moderately pilose; head
with a spot at apex of front and the anterior angles of the vertex
ochraceous ; pronotum with narrow anterior margin, a narrow
central longitudinal fascia, and broad posterior and lateral margins
ochraceous; extreme hind margin narrowly black; mesonotum
with two obscure obconical spots at anterior margin (which are
outwardly margined with black) and a large obscure marginal fascia
on each side pale castaneous; cruciform elevation ochraceous ;
body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; face brownish-ochraceous;
anterior and intermediate tibiz and tarsi black, the tibie streaked
with ochraceous; tegmina and wings pale hyaline, venation
ochraceous and blackish, mostly blackish ; tegmina with the costal
membrane ochraceous with a central black line; postcostal area
ochraceous ; extreme base narrowly ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 45; exp. tegm. 122 millim.
Hab. Burma; \arennee (ec).
C. Rostrum reaching middle of first abdominal segment.
c. Opercula in male reaching base of last abdominal segment,
strongly compressed at base, then much widened and conver on
each side, their apices narrowed and obtusely angulate and
situate on lateral abdominal margins.
1585. Cosmopsaltria andersoni, Dist. d. M. N. H. (5) xi, p.170
(1883) ; zd. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 46, t. v, f. 6, a, 6 (1889).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum olivaceous; head with the
lateral margins of front, area of ocelli, and a small spot on each
side of same black; pronotum with a central longitudinal
ochraceous fascia margined with black, widest anteriorly and com-
pressed about centre, and with a small curved black line behind
the eyes ; mesonotum with two anterior obconical spots margined
with black, on each side of which is a small discal streak, a long
curved black spot on each side of base, and anterior angles of
cruciform elevation black; abdomen dull dark ochraceous ; body
beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; subapical annulations to anterior
femora, upper surfaces and apices of anterior tibize, bases and apices
of intermediate and posterior tibiw, tarsi, apex of rostrum, and
apical portion of last abdominal segment black ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, the first with costal membrane and basal portion of
venation ochraceous, remaining venation either black or olivaceous,
WAPHSA. 99
and a black claval streak ; wings with the veins black or ochraceous,
outer claval margin and inner claval streak fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 32; exp. tegm. 88 millim.
Hab, Tenasserim ; Mergui (Anderson).—Cochin China.
Genus HAPHSA.
Haphsa, Dist. 4. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 64 (1905).
Type, H. nicomache, Walk.
Distribution, Oriental Region and Yunnan.
Head (including eyes) about as broad as mesonotum, con-
siderably shorter than breadth between eyes, lateral margins
obliquely sinuate from eyes to apex; pronotum distinctly shorter
than mesonotum, subacutely toothed before middle of lateral
margins ; abdomen short, not longer than space between head and
base of cruciform elevation; tympana covered, tympanal flaps
about as long as broad; rostrum reaching or passing the posterior
cox; opercula in male broad, their inner margins contiguous,
nearly equally broad throughout, their apices convex, their outer
margins very obsoletely sinuate; tegmina and wings hyaline.
1586. Haphsa nicomache, Walk. (Dundubia) List Hom. i, p. 67
(1850) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lili, p. 224 (1885) ; Dist. (Cosmo-
psaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 57, t. iv, f. 12, a, 6 (1890).
Cicada delineata, Walk. Ins. Saund., Hom. p.17 (1858).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous ; head with lateral
strize to front, two large transverse spots on lateral margins of
Fig. 46.—Haphsa nicomache,
vertex, and the area of the ocelli black; pronotum with two
central longitudinal black lines united posteriorly, the incisures
and transverse spots on lateral marginal areas black; mesonotum
with three central discal lines united posteriorly, on each side ot
which is a small anterior spot, a broad lateral fascia containing a
small ochraceous spot, and two spots in front of the cruciform
elevation, black; abdomen black, the segmental margins, some
lateral spots, and the tympanal coverings more or less ochraceous ;
HZ
100 CICADIDA.
body beneath and legs ochraceous; transverse strie to face, &
fascia between face and eves, and apical area of abdomen black ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, venation ochraceous or fuscous,
tegmina with the costal membrane ochraceous, the postcostal area
and transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas
infuscate.
Length excl. tegm. 25 to 28; exp. tegm. 78 to 82 millim.
ann Sikhim (Jnd. Mus. §° Coll. Die mee Falls, Mussooree
(Mackinnon). Assam; Margherita (Doherty), N Viga Hills (Coll.
Dist.).
1587. Haphsa velitaris, Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) A. M. N. H. (6) xx,
p. 18 (1897).
In colour and markings very closely allied to H. nicomache, but
differing from that species by the greater length of the rostrum,
which considerabl y passes the posterior cox, and not only just
extending beyond their apex as in Walker’s species, the opercula
in the male are only half the length of the abdomen ; the principal
colour-difference is found in the dorsal surface of the abdomen,
which is more castaneous and less black than in H. necomache.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 27; exp. tegm. 80 millim.
Hab. Burma; North Chin Hills (Watson).
Genus PLATYLOMIA.
Platylomia, S¢@ (nom. nee descript.), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 708
note ; Dist. A. M. N. HH. (7) xv, p. 65 (1905).
Type, P. spinosa, Fabr., a Malayan species.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions; also found in
Tonkin and Hainan.
Head (including eyes) about as wide or a little wider than
base of mesonotum, about or almost as long as_ breadth
between eyes; pronotum centrally about or almost as long as
mesonotum (excluding basal cruciform elevation), its lateral
margins always distinctly, sometimes strongly, and generally
acutely toothed; abdomen considerably longer than space
between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympana
completely covered; rostrum reaching or passing the posterior
cox; opercula more or less elongate, ~ concavely sinuate on each
side of basal area, their apices rounded or subacute, occupying
lateral abdominal areas, always well separated and seldom
reaching disk; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation some-
times fuscously spotted.
I use Stal’s name for this genus, as the type he proposed (Cie.
flavida, Guér.) is included in it. His description, however,
cannot be accepted, as, evidently referring to Guérin’s figure
only, he states, “‘ramo venee ulnaris interioris recto vel leviter
curvato,” a character given by the artist and not found in the
species.
PLATYLOMIA. 101
A. Opercula in male with their apices rounded.
b. Front somewhat globosely produced.
ce. Opercula only eatending to about half the length of abdomen.
1588. Platylomia amicta, Dist.(Dundubia) 4. M. N. H. (6) iii, p. 51
(1889) ; zd. (Cosmopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Ciead. p. 43, t. viil,
f. 4, a, b (1890).
Body above brownish-ochraceous ; head with stris and two
central longitudinal lines to front, a broad oblique fascia on each
lateral area of vertex, and area of ocelli black; pronotum with
two central longitudinal lines, incisures, anterior margin, and
inner edge of posterior margin black, posterior and_ lateral
margins paler in hue, the last crossed by an oblique black fascia
emerging from behind the eyes; mesonotum with five fascie
(one central and longitudinal, two short and directed obliquely
inward, the largest on each lateral area—not reaching anterior
margin) and two small rounded spots in front of cruciform
elevation black; body beneath and legs brownish-ochraceous,
femora more or less streaked with black; tibix, tarsi, apex of
rostrum, a spot between face and eyes, and apical margin of face
black ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 483; exp. tegm. 115 millim.
Hab. Karwar (dnd. Aus.).
bb. Front not prominently globosely produced.
Opercula in male only reaching third abdominal segment ;
tegmina with bases of second and third apical areas infuscated.
1589. Platylomia vibrans, JVaik. (Dundubia) List Hom. i, p. 54
(1850); Atkins. JA. S. Beng. liii, p. 224 (1885); Dist. (Cosmo-
psaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 50, t.iv, f. 2, a, 6 (1890).
Dundubia lateralis, Walk. List Hom. i, p. 61 (1850); Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. lili, p. 224 (1885).
Head and thorax above ochraceous; head with the lateral
striations and two spots at apex of front, area of ocelli, a spot at
anterior angle, and an oblique fascia on lateral area of vertex
black ; pronotum with two central longitudinal fasciz angulated
and meeting posteriorly, the incisures, and three small spots on
each lateral margin black or piceous; mesonotum with seven
linear fasciz, the central one longest, straight and longitudinal,
on each side of this a shorter and inwardly directed fascia,
followed by a very short one on anterior margin, and a longer
somewhat broken fascia on each lateral area, and two spots in
front of cruciform elevation, black; abdomen very pale castaneous,
the segmental incisures narrowly edged with ochraceous and
black; some obscure, irregular, transverse, discal fascize, and a
lateral series of segmental spots piceous; tympanal coverings
dull ochraceous; head beneath, sternum, legs, and opercula
ochraceous ; transverse striations to face, fascia between eyes
102 CICADID&.
and face, apex of rostrum, apices of tibia, and margins of
opercula (broadest at apices) black or piceous; abdomen beneath
very pale castaneous, with some piceous discal spots; tegmina and
wings hyaline, venation pale fuscous ; tegmina with the costal
membrane ochraceous, and the transverse veins at the bases of
the second and third apical areas infuscated; abdomen sparsely
finely pilose.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 35 to 38; exp. tegm. 85 to 90 millim.
Hab. Assam ; “Margherita (Doherty), Niga Hills (Chennell).
Sylhet (Brit. Mus.). — Malay Peninsula.
Opercula in male not reaching penultimate abdominal segment ;
tegmina unspotted.
1590. Platylomia similis, Dis‘. (Dundubia) A. M,N. H. (6) i, p. 292
(1888) ; zd. (Cosmopsaltria) Mon, Orient. Cicad. p. 45, 1 a
f. 10, a, 6 (1889).
Head and thorax above pale greenish ; abdomen pale castaneous ;
head with the area of the ocelli somewhat piceous ; pronotum with
the edges of the posterior margin and the inner edge of the
anterior margin black; mesonotum with a central black longi-
tudinal linear fascia, on each side of which is a short oblique
black fascia outwardly margined with ochraceous, followed by a
small anterior black spot, and with two black spots in front of
cruciform elevation ; abdomen above with a short, broad, oblique,
cretaceously tomentose fascia on each side of basal area; body
beneath, opercula, and legs pale greenish or greenish- ochraceous ;
rostrum with the apex black and reaching the posterior coxz ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation greenish- ochraceous, in
some places black : ; costal membrane of tegmina greenish.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 50; exp. tegm. 122 allies
Hab. Sikhim and Assam (Ind. Mus.).
This species above has a strong superficial resemblance to
P. radha, Dist., which is described on p. 105.
Opercula in male somewhat narrow and reaching penultimate
abdominal segment ; tegymina unspotted.
1591. Platylomia larus, Walk. (Dundubia) List Hom. Suppl. p. s
(1858) ; Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 44, t
fly, 2, and var. t.iv, f.13 (1889).
Cicada—“'The Knife-erinder,” Emerson Tennent, Nat. Hist. Ceyl.
p- 482, fig. (1861).
Head and thorax above greenish-ochraceous ; abdomen above
and beneath pale castaneous; head with the lateral areas of
front, area of ocelli, an angulated fascia in front of eyes, and a
small spot near inner margin of each eye black; pronotum with
two central longitudinal, posteriorly connected. fascia, on each
side of which is a short curved discal fascia, the incisures, and
edges of lateral margins black; mesonotum with five fascie (one
PLATYLOMIA. 1038
central and longitudinal, two short and angulated, the outer two
longer, irregular and angularly curved) and two spots in front of
cruciform elevation black; abdomen above with some central
black discal spots; body beneath, sternum, legs, and opercula
ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous; apices of anterior femora,
bases and apices of anterior and intermediate tibize, bases of
posterior tibize, and anterior and intermediate tarsi black ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation ochraceous or greenish,
in some places black.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 32 to 38; exp. tegm. 84 to 100 millim.
Hab. Bombay (Leith), Nilgiri Hills; Koonor (Hampson),
Ceylon (Green).
This is the species figured by Tennent in his ‘ Natural History
of Ceylon,’ and referred to by him as ‘The Knife-grinder.’’ He
describes it as resting high up on the bark of a tree, and making
the forest re-echo with a long-sustained noise so curiously
resembling that of a cutler’s wheel that the creature producing it
has acquired the highly appropriate name of the ‘* Knife-grinder.”
Opercula in male reaching base of last abdominal segment ;
tegmina unspotted.
1592. Platylomia nagarasingna, Dist. (Dundubia) 7. E. S. 1881,
p: 685; Atkins.(Dundubia) J. A. 8S. Beng. lili, p. 225 (1885) ;
Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 44, t.iv, f. 14, a, b
(1889),
Body above castaneous; head with centre of front and an
oblique fascia on each side of ocelli ochraceous ; pronotum with
a central fascia and the lateral and posterior margins ochraceous ;
mesonotum with two anterior, central, black-margined obconical
spots, basal cruciform elevation ochraceous ; abdomen more or less
greyishly pilose, with a lateral fascia of greyish pile on each side,
the apex greyishly tomentose; body beneath and legs pale
ochraceous, more or less greyishly tomentose ; anterior tibia,
apices of intermediate and posterior tibiz, the tarsi, and apex of
rostrum piceous; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation
ochraceous or fuscous; tegmina with the costal membrane
ochraceous ; rostrum reaching apex of posterior coxe.
Length excl. tegm. 34 to 38; exp. tegm. 88 to 95 millim.
Hab. Burma (Bingham). Tenasserim; Myitta (Doherty).—
Cochin China.
B. Opercula in male with their apices obtusely angulate.
Opercula reaching fourth abdominal segment ; tegmina spotted.
1593. Platylomia umbrata, Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) A. M. N. H. (6)
i, p. 293 (1888); zd. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 53, t. v, f. 11, a, 6
(1890).
Head and thorax above obscure olivaceous; head with the
104 CICADID A,
lateral margins to front, area of ocelli, and some irregular spots
on each lateral area of vertex black: pronotum with two central
fascie (ampliated anteriorly and posteriorly), the incisures, inner
edge of posterior margin, and a spot, or spots, near lateral angles
black ; mesonotum with two black-margined central obconical
spots, a central lanceolate fascia, and two spots in front of
eruciform elevation black; abdomen above and beneath largely
suffused with dull black shadings; body beneath olivaceous; a
central fascia to face, fascia between face and eyes, inner margins
and apices of femora, and the tibize more or less blackish ;
Fig. 47.—Platylomia umbrata.
opercula olivaceous, their basal and apical areas more or less
piceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation fuscous; tegmina
with extreme base, costal membrane, postcostal area, transverse
veins at bases of second, third, fifth, and seventh apical areas,
and apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas, fuscous ; rostrum
just passing posterior coxze, with its apex piceous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 46; exp. tegm. 120 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Coll. Dist.). Assam; Ndga Hills (dnd. Mus.).
Burma; Bhamo (fea).
Opercula just passing posterior margin of penultimate abdominal
segment ; tegmina unspotted.
1594. Platylomia assamensis, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 65
(1905).
Allied to P. wmbrata, Dist., and differing principally by the size
and shape of the opereula in the male, which just pass the
posterior margin of the penultimate abdominal segment, with their
apices suddenly obtusely angulate; the tegmina are shorter, and
thus apparently broader, and are without the marginal spots at
PLATYLOMIA. 105
the apices of the longitudinal veins to the apical areas and the
infuscated transverse veins at the bases of fifth and seventh apical
areas ; the markings of the mesonotum are similar to those of
P. umbrata, but there is also a distinct black elongate spot on each
lateral area.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 40; exp. tegm. 111 millim.
Hab, Assam (Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).
C. Opercula in male with their apices narrowed, angulate, and
directed outward,
Opercula reaching penultimate abdominal segment ; tegmina
unspotted,
1595. Platylomia radha, Dist. (Dundubia) Tr. E. S. 1881, p. 634;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 225 (1885); Dist. (Cosmopsaltria)
Mon. Orient. Cicad, p. 54, t. iv, f. 9, a, 6 (1890).
Body above pale castaneous; head with the area of the ocelli
black; pronotum with the lateral and posterior margins and a
very narrow anterior margin ochraceous, the first very narrowly
edged with black, and the second inwardly margined with two
transverse black spots; mesonotum with two black-margined
obconical spots, followed on each side by a small black spot on
anterior margin, five indistinct black basal spots, three in front of
cruciform elevation and one on each side of same; abdomen a
little darker castaneous, the segmental margins piceous ; body
‘ beneath, legs and opercula dull ochraceous; tegmina and wings
hyaline, venation pale fuscous; tegmina with the costal mem-
brane, basal cell, and claval area dull ochraceous ; extreme base
of wings and their claval area dull, dark ochraceous; rostrum
reaching the posterior cox.
Length excl. tegm. 53; exp. tegm. 124 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (dnd, Mus.). Assam; Niga Hills (Doherty).
Madras Presidency (Coll. Dist.). Burma; Teinzo (Fea).
Opercula in male reaching penultimate abdominal segment ;
tegmina spotted.
1596. Platylomia saturata, Walk. (Dundubia) List Hom. Suppl.
p- 6 (1858); Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 54,
GAA lin dls cp (nA st8 10) 5
Dundubia obtecta, Walk. (nec. Fabr.) List Hom. i, p. 47 (1850).
Head and thorax above olivaceous ; pronotum with two central
longitudinal fascis (inwardly curved and united posteriorly), the
incisures, and a small spot on lateral margins black ; mesonotum
with a central longitudinal fascia connected with two large
anterior fused spots, a very broad oblique fascia on each lateral
area, and two spots in front of cruciform elevation black ;
abdomen shining piceous, the segmental margins at lateral areas
somewhat broadly ochraceously pilose; head beneath, sternum,
106 CICADIDA,
legs, and opercula olivaceous, the last with an ochraceous tint ;
abdomen beneath ochraceous ; femora with a short black line on
inner margin; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation ferruginous ;
tegmina with a bright olivaceous tinge most pronounced. on the
basal half, the extreme base and claval area terruginous, costal
enh and postcostal area fuscous, transverse veins at bases
of second, third, fifth, and seventh apical areas broadly infuscate,
and a series of marginal spots at apices of longitudinal veins to
apical areas ; wings with extreme base and margins of anal area
ferruginous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,40 to 45; exp. tegm. 106 to 130 millim.
ape Nepal (Hardwicke). Ranikhet (Coll. Dist.). Sikhim
(Brit. Mus.). Darjiling (Brit. Mus.). Sylhet,¢Coll, Sign.). Assam ;
Naga Hills (Doherty).
This is a variable species as regards the tinting of the tegmina,
which are sometimes clear and not shaded on the basal halve es; it
is even apparently more unusually variable in the position of the
opercula, which in some specimens examined, probably owing toa
shrinkage of the abdomen, reach its apex ; in other examples the
apices of the opercula are much less angularly produced than in
typical specimens.
Miss Dendy, who collected specimens of this species at Darjiling,
which she presented to the British Museum, wrote: ‘ These
creatures make a noise like a watchman’s rattle in the trees at
night.”
Opercula in male medially lobate on each side, reaching posterior
margin of fourth abdominal segment ; teginina spotted.
1597. Platylomia ficulnea, Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p- 102, t. xv, f. 21 (1892).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous tinged with
greenish ; ; abdomen pale castaneous, its upper surface tomentose ; :
pronotum with a narrow anterior margin and two angulated spots
on posterior margin castaneous ; mesonotum with a large, central,
castaneous angulated spot, commencing at cruciform elevation
and extending to anterior margin, two ochraceously margined
obconical spots and the lateral areas olivaceous; cruciform
elevation ochraceous, with a white tomentose spot on each side ;
abdomen with some segmental white tomentose spots, the segmental
margins blackish; tympanal coverings pale olivaceous; body
beneath and legs ochraceous, the tibie and tarsi somewhat darker
in hue; lateral margins of abdomen somewhat whitely tomentose ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, venation ochraceous and fuscous ;
tegmina with the basal cell and costal membrane ochraceous,
transverse veins at bases of second, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh
apical areas somewhat broadly infuscate, a marginal series of
fuscous spots at apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas, and a
somewhat indistinct pale fuscous, linear, longitudinal fascia to the
MEIMUNA. 107
apical areas ; claval area pale fuscous ; wings with the margins of
the anal area fuscous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 54; exp. teem. 134 millim.
Hab. Assam (Coll, Dist.). Burma; Karennee (fea), Karen
Hills (Doherty).
Genus MEIMUNA.
Meimuna, Dist. 4. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 67 (1905).
Type, J. tripurasura, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions; Corea, China,
and Japan.
Head (including eyes) about as broad as base of mesonotum,
shorter than breadth between eyes, lateral margins obliquely
continuous to face or very slightly sinuate; pronotum distinctly
shorter than mesonotum, its lateral margins distinctly and
generally acutely toothed before middle; abdomen considerably
longer than space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation; tympana covered, tympanal flaps about as long as
broad; rostrum reaching the posterior cox; opercula obliquely
divergent, sometimes very short ; tegmina and wings hyaline.
A. Tegmina unspotted.
a. Opercula reaching fourth abdominal segment, well separated at
base, apices obtuse.
1598. Meimuna tripurasura, Dist. (Dundubia) Tr. E. 8.1881, p. 635;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lili, p. 225 (1885) ; Dist. (Cosmopsaltria)
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 55, t. iv, f. 8, a, 6 (1890).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous ; head with a large
spot at base and transverse striz to front, two large oblique
Fig. 48.— Meimuna tripurasura.
irregular fascia on disk of vertex, and a large spot at inner
margins of eyes black; pronotum with two central longitudinal
fasciz, with a curved discal fascia on each side, and the incisures
108 CICADIDA.
black ; mesonotum with a central longitudinal lanceolate spot, on
each side of which is an irregularly black-margined obconical spot,
tollowed by a small anterior spot, and a wide submarginal fascia,
black ; abdomen dull sanguineous, with a central segmental series
of transverse spots (sometimes very large and subconfluent) and
lateral segmental series of smaller spots black; head beneath
and sternum greyishly pubescent; abdomen beneath dull
sanguineous ; opercula in male pale sanguineous ; legs ochraceous ;
tegimina and wings hyaline, venation ochraceous on basal, fuscous
on apical areas; costal membrane to tegmina ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., 3, 33; exp. tegm. 85 millim.
Hab. Sikbim (Ind. Mus.). Assam; Margherita (Doherty), N.
Khisi Hills (Chennel?).
a’. Opercula reaching penultimate abdominal segment, their
apices acutely pointed.
1599. Meimuna tavoyana, Dist. (Dundubia) A. M. N. H. (6) 1,
p- 292 (1888) ; zd. (Cosmopsaltria) Mon, Orient. Cicad. p. 55, t. V,
f. 4, a, 6 (1890).
Above resembling in size, general hue, and markings J.
tripurasura, but differing remarkably from that species by the size
and shape of the opereula, which have their apices somewhat
acutely pointed and reaching the penultimate abdominal segment,
with their outer lateral margins 1 little concave near base, convex
about middle, and somewhat profoundly concave towards their
apices, their colour is also pale olivaceous-green.
Length excl. tegm. 30; exp. tegm. 80 millim.
Hab. Burma (Bingham). ‘Tenasserim ; Tavoy (dad. Mus.).
a’. Opercula reaching third abdominal segment; subtriangular,
a litile sinuate outwardly, obliquely straight inwardly, apices
subacute.
1600. Meimuna ganameda, Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) Entomologist, 1902;
p- 256; Melich. Hom. Ceylon, p. 4 (1903).
3S. Head and pronotum § greenish-ochraceous—possibly pale
green in fresh specimens; head with black striae on each side of
tront, leaving a pale spot at base and a smaller spot at apex,
vertex with the area of ocelli connected with a lateral streak
black; pronotum with two central lines connected anteriorly, two
small spots at centre of posterior margin, and the incisures black ;
mesonotum with a central longitudinal line, on each side of which
is a shorter and broader curved linear fascia, followed on each side
by two smaller anterior spots, a linear fascia on each lateral area,
and two spots in front of cruciform elevation, black; abdomen
brownish-ochraceous, the lateral and basal areas paler ochraceous,
sparingly greyishly pilose and with a small black spot on basal
segment; sternum, rostrum, legs, and opercula pale ochraceous ;
abdomen beneath brownish-ochraceous; basal margin of face
MEIMUNA. 109
striated with black, and a black fascia between face and eyes ;
apices of femora and tibize more or less piceous ; tegmina and
wings hyaline, venation ochraceous, here and there tinged with
fuscous.
renga excl. teom., ¢ 39, 9 31%; exp. tegm., ¢ 110, 2 105
millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Green).
B. Tegmina with transverse veins at bases of second and third apical
areas infuscated,
b. Opercula reaching third abdominal segment, their outer margins
subparallel, inwardly widest, but not mecting near posterior
cove, wner margins oblique, apices obtusely angulate.
1601. Meimuna durga, Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) 7. E. 8. 1881, p. 637 ;
Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. liii, p. 226 (1885); Dist. Mon. Orient.
Cricad. p. 56, t. iv, f. 6, a, b (1890).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotura dull ochraceous; head with
an irregular basal spot and the anterior transverse striz to front,
area of ocelli reaching posterior margin, and two transverse fascie
on each lateral area of vertex (the hindermost connected with
posterior margin) black; pronotum with a narrow anterior
margin, a central longitudinal fascia margined with black on each
side, and a triangulated fascia on each lateral margin pale ochra-
ceous, the incisures, two short discal fascize, inner posterior and
inner and broad angulated outer lateral margins black ; mesonotum
‘ with a lanceolate central fascia, on each side of which is a shorter,
broader, and angulate fascia, followed by an anterior elongate spot,
and a broad sublateral fascia (broken near anterior margin), two
rounded spots near base, and a smaller one on each anterior
branch of cruciform elevation black; abdomen pale castaneous,
its disk piceous and gradually widening from base to apex, where
it is entirely piceous ; body beneath, legs, and opercula ochraceous ;
a fascia between face and eyes, anterior tibiz and tarsi, apices of
intermediate tibize and tarsi, and apex of rostrum piceous ;
opercula in male pale greenish; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation more or less fuscous ; tegmina with the costal membrane
ochraceous, and the transverse veins at bases of second and third
apical areas infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., 6,33; exp. tegm. 98 millim.
Hab. Assam; N. Khisi Hills (Chennell); Naga Hills (Ind.
Mus.).
b’. Opercula reaching fourth abdominal seyment, gradually narrowed
from middle towards apices, which are obtusely angulate.
1602. Meimuna silhetana, Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) 4. M. N. H. (6) i,
p. 295 (1888); ed. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 62, t. vi, f. 1, a, 6
(1890).
Body above shining brownish-olivaceous ; head with two apical
110 CICADID A.
spots and strie to front, an irregular transverse fascia across
vertex, and the posterior margins of the eyes black ; pronotum
with two central longitudinal fascie with a curved linear discal
spot on each side and the incisures black, basal margin greenish ;
mesonotum with a central lanceolate longitudinal fascia, on each
side of which is a slightly oblique obconical spot, followed by a
small anterior spot, and again by a short broad spot, a long fasciate
spot on each lateral area, and two rounded spots in front of the
cruciform elevation, black ; abdomen above with the disk much
shaded with shining piceous, posterior segmental margins greenish ;
body beneath very pale olivaceous with a greyish tinge; face with
the apex and a central fascia black; apex of rostrum, apices of
anterior tibiz, anterior tarsi, and bases and apices of intermediate
and posterior tibiz fuscous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation
brownish ; tegmina with costal membrane and base of upper
ulnar area ochraceous, transverse veins at bases of second and
third apical areas infuscated.
Length excl. tegm. 28; exp. tegm. 72 millim.
Hab. Sylhet.
b*. Opercula reaching penultimate abdominal segment, subtriangular
in shape.
1603. Meimuna microdon, Walk. (Dundubia) List Hom. i, p. 55
(1850) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 224 (1885) ; Dest. (Cosmo-
psaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 57, t. iv, f. 16, a, 6 (1890).
Head and pronotum ochraceous tinged with olivaceous ; head
with an apical spot and anterior transverse striz to front, area of
ocelli reaching base of head, two transverse fasciz on lateral areas
of vertex, two small spots near base, and broad posterior margins
of eyes black ; pronotum with two central longitudinal fascie, on
each side of which is a short curved discal fascia, and the incisures
black ; mesonotum black, with two anterior, discal, oblique fascie,
followed on each side by a broad, inwardly oblique, and anteriorly
notched fascia, posterior margin and cruciform elevation (ex-
cluding its anterior angles) ochraceously olivaceous; abdomen
above black, segmental margins narrowly olivaceous ; body beneath
ochraceous tinged with olivaceous; femora beneath, anterior tibie
and tarsi, bases and apices of intermediate and posterior tibive
and tarsi, strie to face, fascia between face and eyes, margins and
apex of opercula, and apex of abdomen, piceous or black; teg-
mina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous ; tegmina with the
transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas
infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,30; exp. tegm. 90 millim.
Hab. “North India” (Wallich, Brit. Mus.). Sikhim (Coll.
Dist.).
POMPONIA. TALL
Genus POMPONIA.
Pomponia, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 6 (1866) ; Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 171
(1866) ; Dest. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 68 (1890).
Type, P. fusca, Oliv.
Distribution. Oriental Region, China and Japan.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of mesonotum, its
length about or nearly equal to space between eyes, ocelli much
farther apart from eyes than from each other, front anteriorly
convex and slightly prominent ; pronotum with the lateral margins
moderately amplate and sinuate, the posterior angles dilated,
a little shorter than mesonotum ; ; mesonotum with the disk
moderately convex ; abdomen in male longer than space between
apex of head and base of cruciform elevation, tympanal coverings
complete ; opercula in male short and transverse ; ; rostrum passing
posterior cox; anterior femora spined beneath; tegmina and
wings hyaline, the first usually more or less maculate, basal cell
longer than broad, apical areas eight.
A. Tegmina maculate and marginally spotted.
/
a. Opercula transverse, their posterior margins oblique, their
inner angles nearly meeting.
1604. Pomponia fusca, Oliv. (Cicada) Enc. Méth. v, p. 749, t. exi,
f. 3 (1790) ; Stal (Pomponia), Berl. ent. Zert. x, p. 171 (1866) ;
td. Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fo Ay 1870, p. 710; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 70, t. vii, f. 10, a, 6 (1890).
Dundubia linearis, cinctimanus, ramifera, urania, Walk. List
Hom. i, pp. 48, 58, & 64.
Pomponia linearis, Sta/, Berl. ent. Zeit. x. p.171 (1866) ; Atkins,
J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 228 (1885).
Stoll, Cig. fig. 386
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greenish-ochraceous ; head
with the anterior margin of front, an irregular central fascia to
vertex enclosing ocelli, a spot at inner margins of eyes, and the
anterior lateral angles of vertex dark olivaceous ; pronotum with a
broad central longitudinal fascia, two large oblique spots on each
lateral area, and a spot on the lateral margins brownish-olivaceous ;
mesonotum with a lanceolate central fascia, on each side of which
is a large obconical spot, followed by a small anterior spot,
a broad submarginal fascia, two spots in front of cruciform
elevation and sometimes the whole frontal area of same, brownish-
olivaceous ; abdomen pale castaneous, sparingly ereyishly pilose,
the segmental margins piceous; head beneath, sternum, and legs
pale greenish ; upper and apical areas of face, a spot between face
and eyes, anterior tibie, apices of intermediate tibie, a spot near
apices of femora, apices of anterior and intermediate tarsi, apex
of rostrum, and a spot between intermediate and posterior cox
dark fuscous ; abdomen beneath dark ochraceous; tegmina and
2 CICADID A.
wings hyaline; tegmina with the costal membrane greenish,
transverse veins at bases of second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh,
and eighth apical areas infuscated, and a marginal series of small
fusecous spots at apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas,
venation ochraceous, in some places black, basal cell and claval
margins brownish-ochraceous ; wings with venation brownish-
ochraceous, claval margins darker in hue.
Length excl. tegm., 3,35 to 50; exp. tegm. 87 to 125 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (Brit. Mus.). Assam; Margherita (Doherty), Naga
Hills (dnd. Mus.); Sibsagar (2nd. Mus.); Cachar (Judge); Nilgivi
Hills (Hampson).—Malay Peninsula. Java. Philippines. Japan.
Opercula inwardly and outwardly oblique, their apices broadly
convex, inwardly nearly neeting.
1605. Pomponia lactea, Dist. A. M. N. H. (5) xx, p. 229 (1887);
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 71, t. vil, f. 18, a, b (1890).
Body above ochraceous, head with the front, the area of the
ocelli, and a transverse streak in front of eyes reddish-ochraceous ;
pronotum with the whole disk reddish-cchraceous, and with an
indistinct central longitudinal fascia, the incisures a little darker,
and the margins pale ochraceous ; mesonotum obscure ochraceous,
with two obscure central obconical spots, on each side of which is
a short anterior linear spot, a broad sublateral fascia, and a large
spot in front of the cruciform elevation, castaneous ; abdomen with
a broad central castaneous fascia which is outwardly notched
and channelled, and a lateral series of small spots of the same
colour; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; apices of femora, bases
and apices of tibie, tarsi, a spot on apical segment of abdomen,
and apex of rostrum castaneous ; tegmina and wings hyaline with
a milky-white suffusion or reflection; tegmina with the venation
alternately ochraceous and castaneous, costal membrane and
small costal spot at base of upper ulnar area ochraceous ; trans-
verse veins at bases of apical areas more or less infuscated, a
marginal series of pale fuscous spots at apices of longitudinal
veins to apical areas, and sometimes these areas possess pale
fuscous longitudinal linear suffusions.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 30 to 34; exp. tegm. 80 to 95 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Paris Mus.).—Malay Peninsula. Sumatra. Java.
Borneo.
Opercula convex, about as long as broad, well separated, their
inner and outer margins moderately convex, apices rounded.
1606. Pomponia intermedia, Dist. A. M.N. H. (7) xiv, p. 68 (1905).
Allied to P. imperatoria, Westw. (a Malayan species), in colour
and markings, but differimg by the length of the third apical area
POMPONTA. 113
to the tegmina, which is shorter than the fourth, while those areas
are about equal in length in Westwood’s species; the greatest
width of the tegmina is scarcely more than a third of their
length; opercula ochraceous, narrowly margined with black and
obliquely black at base, in shape and length resembling those of
Fig. 49.— Pomponia intermedia.
P.imperatoria. Allied to P. merula, Dist. (from Borneo), by the
relative breadth and length of tegmina, and by having the third
apical area to the same shorter than the fourth, but differing
by the shape and length of the opercula.
Length excl. tegm., 3,64; exp. tegm. 176 millim.
Hab, Tenasserim, Thaungyin Valley (Bingham, Brit. Mus.).
The structural differences of the three species are expressed in
the following synopsis :—
A. Opercula about as long as broad.
a, Greatest width of tegmina much more than a third
of their length.
b. Third apical area to tegmina about as long as
BOULENGE acracscaisi tae @o) «> sie nereatnikeneey athe « P. imperatoria.
aa. Greatest width of tegmina about or little more
than a third of their length.
bd. Third apical area to tegmina shorter than
OUTS FI seal ate sea tase dy. alas are fe Mcgee ane P. mtermedia.
B. Opercula broader than long ........ S sgeuateners sane . P. merula.
VOLS Li. I
114 CICADIDA.
B. Tegmina almost immaculate, only bases of second and third
apical areas infuscate.
b. Opercula very small, inwardly and outwardly oblique, thew
apices broadly convex.
1607. Pomponia solitaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) i, p. 295 (1888);
id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 74, t. vii, f. 17, a, 6 (1891).
Body above ochraceous ; head with two linear spots at apex
and two small spots at base of front, area of the ocelli, a curved
line before each eye, and two transverse spots on lateral areas of
vertex black ; pronotum with two central lines united at base, and
a curved lateral marginal line, black; mesonotum with a central
longitudinal line, on each side of which is a much shorter oblique
line, followed by a small anterior spot, a sublateral line, and two
small spots in front of cruciform elevation, black ; abdomen above
with the segmental margins shortly palely pilose ; body beneath
and legs pale ochraceous; centre of face and apex of abdomen
more or less piceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with
the costal membrane and venation ochraceous, the transverse
veins at bases of second and third apical areas infuscated ; wings
with venation mostly ochraceous; rostrum reaching apices of
posterior coxe.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 28; exp. tegm. 75 millim.
Hab. Narkondam Isld. (Ind. Mus.).
b'. Opercula with outer margins strongly oblique, apical margins
subtruncate, apices broadly and moderately convev.
1608. Pomponia thalia, Walk. (Dundubia) List Hom. i, p. 72 (1850) ;
Stal (Pomponia), Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 171 (1866); Dist. Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 75, t. ix, f. 4, a, b (1891).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greenish-ochraceous ; head
with anterior transverse strize to front, area of ocelli with a curved
linear line on each side, two transverse spots on lateral areas of
vertex and inner margins of eyes black; pronotum with two
central fascize united anteriorly and posteriorly, the incisures and
a spot at posterior angles black ; mesonotum with a central longi-
tudinal fascia, on each side of which is a short inwardly-curved
fascia, a sublateral fascia with its base outwardly curved, and two
spots in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen ochraceous
suffused with green, with a central black linear spot on each of
the two basal segments, a marginal series of small black spots,
and the last two segments more or less broadly margined with
black; sternum and legs pale greenish-ochraceous, abdomen
beneath pale echraceous ; face with a central longitudinal and
transverse basal fascia, a transverse spot between base and eyes,
spots to cox, subapical spot to femora, bases and apices of tibie,
and apices of tarsi and rostrum black ; tegmina and wings hyaline,
venation ochraceous and fuscous; tegmina with an ochraceous
AOLA. bls
and black spot at inner angle of upper ulnar area, and with
the transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas
infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 23; exp. tegm. 61 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Coll. Dist.), } Mussooree (Mackinnon). Darjiling
‘Stockholm Mus.).—Tibet (Paris Mus.).
b*. Opercula short, but placed longitudinally, apices broadly
CONVEX,
1609. Pomponia surya, Dist. Tr. E. 8. 1904, p. 671, t. xxx, f. 2, a, b
Head and mesonotum piceous, pronotum ochraceous ; head with
an apical spot to front, lateral margins of vertex, and the ocelli
ochraceous; pronotum with two central longitudinal fascie
(widened anteriorly and united posteriorly), the i incisures, and large
spots on posterior margin piceous ; lateral margins of mesonotum
and the cruciform elevation ochraceous ; abdomen brow nish-
ochraceous, greyishly pilose; body beneath and legs ochraceous,
greyishly pilose ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation fuscous ;
tegmina with transverse veins at bases of second and third apical
areas infuscated ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe.
Length excel. tegm. 3 25, 2 21; exp. tegm., ¢ & Q 65 to
66 millim.
Hab. Mugeooree (Mackinnon).
Genus AOLA.
Aola, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 69 (1905).
Type, A. bindusara, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of mesonotum, its
length about equal to breadth between eyes; front prominent,
its lateral margins more or less continuous with those of vertex ;
pronotum distinctly shorter than mesonotum, its lateral margins
prominently toothed; abdomen short, about as long as space
between apex of front and base of cruciform elevation ; tympana
entirely covered, the flaps broader than long; opercula short,
just reaching the first abdominal segment, and not covering the
lateral margins of the tympanal flaps; rostrum reaching the
posterior coxee ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with eight
apical areas and the basal cell longer than broad.
a. Opercula in nale with their outer and posterror margins
oblique, their inner angles nearly meeting.
1610. Aola bindusara, Dist. (Pomponia) Tr. Z. S. 1881, p. 642; id.
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 76, t. ix, f. 11, a, 6 (1891); Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 228 (1885).
Body above pale ochraceous; head with lateral anterior striz
ime
116 CIUADIDA.
and two discal spots to front, area of ocelli, and two transverse
fasciz on each lateral area of vertex black; pronotum with two
central longitudinal fasciz united posteriorly (on each side of
which is a small curved discal fascia) and the incisures black ;
mesonotum with a central longitudinal fascia with a shorter and
oblique fascia on each side, followed by a short linear spot on
Fig. 50.—Aola bindusara.
anterior margin, a somewhat broken submarginal fascia, two
rounded spots in front of cruciform elevation, and a smaller spot
on each anterior branch of same, black; abdomen somewhat
thickly palely pubescent, with a series of discal segmental
markings, two spots near lateral margins of fourth and fifth
segments, and a lateral segmental series of smaller spots black ;
body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, discal apical area of
abdomen black; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with the
transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas slightly
infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., 9,30; exp. tegm. 87 millim.
Hab, Burma; Teinzo (fea), Karen Hills (Doherty), Upper
Tenasserim (Coll. Dist.).
b. Opercula in male with their outer and posterior margins
oblique, their inner angles wide apart.
1611. Aola scitula, Dist. (Pomponia) Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvi,
p- 456 (1888) ; 7d. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 74, t. vii, f. 19, a, b
(1891).
Head and pronotum ochraceous or olivaceous; head with
anterior striz and basal spot to front, area of ocelli, inner margins
of eyes and lateral margins of vertex black; pronotum with two
central longitudinal fasciz united posteriorly (on each of which
is a short discal line), the incisures, lateral marginal areas, and
edges of posterior margin black ; mesonotum with a central longi-
tudinal fascia (on-each side of which is a much shorter one,
followed by a short linear spot on anterior margin), a broad sub-
lateral fascia, and two rounded spots in front of the cruciform
elevation black; abdomen above black, the posterior segmental
ONCOTYMPANA, AY
margins and a short basal lateral fascia on each side ochraceous ;
head beneath, sternum, legs, and opercula ochraceous ; abdomen
beneath brownish-ochraceous, the base narrowing and the apex
broadly black ; inner area of eyes and striations to face black ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with costal membrane and
basal venation ochraceous, remaining venation fuscous, transverse
veins at bases of second and third apical areas infuscated.
Length exel. tegm., ¢,22; exp. tegm. 65 millim.
Hab. Assam ; Margherita (Doherty). Burma; Teinzo (fea).
Tenasserim ; Meetan (Fea).
Genus ONCOTYMPANA.
Oncotympana, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 710.
Type, O. pallidiventris, Stal, from the Philippines.
Distribution. Oriental Region, Malayana (apparently not east
of the Philippines), China and Japan.
Head (including eyes) nearly as wide or distinctly narrower
than base of mesonotum, its length about or nearly equal to space
between eyes; pronotum considerably shorter than mesonotum,
its lateral margins a little convex, its posterior angles amphated ;
mesonotum large, convex; abdomen in male short, broad, about
as long as space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation ; tympanal coverings very globose and projecting beyond
the lateral abdominal margins ; opercula in male short, transverse,
with their disks a little convex; anterior femora spined beneath ;
-rostrum passing the posterior cox; tegmina and wings hyaline,
the first usually more or less maculate, apical areas eight, venation
normal.
A. Head (including eyes) a little narrower than base of mesonotum.
a. Rostrum considerably passing the posterior cove.
b, Opercula in male pale, unicolorous, mwardly overlapping,
broadly and regularly convex posteriorly.
1612. Oncotympana obnubila, Dist. (Pomponia) A. M. N. H. (6) i,
p- 296 (1888); td. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 81, t. vi, f. 10, a, b
(1891).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum olivaceous ; head with lateral
strie to front, a transverse fascia between eyes. (including area of
ocelli connected with posterior margin), black; pronotum with a
broad black central fascia, widened anteriorly and _ posteriorly,
containing a central longitudinal broken ochraceous line, and
mareined with pale olivaceous, the incisures, extreme lateral
margins, and a spot on posterior lateral margins black ; mesonotum
much suffused with black, as shown in fivure ; abdomen black, the
tympanal coverings olivaceous, with their posterior and inner
margins black ; body beneath much shaded with black and finely
greyishly pilose ; opercula in male greyishly olivaceous ; tegmina
118 CICADID&.
and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous; tegmina with the
transverse veins at bases of second, third, fifth, seventh, and eighth
Fig. 51.—Oncotympana obnubila.
apical areas infuscated, and a marginal series of fuscous spots a
apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,30; exp. tegm. 110 millim.
Hab. Simla (Ind. Mus.). Tehri-Garwhal (Mackinnon).
** In moss on oak-trees ” (Mackinnon).
B. Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of mesonotun.
a’. Rostrum considerably passing the posterior coac.
b'. Opercula black, unicolorous, inwardly overlapping, broadly
and regularly convex posteriorly.
1613. Oncotympana expansa, Walk. (Carineta) Ins. Saund., Hom.
p: 26 (1858) ; St@ (Pomponia), Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 171 (1866) ;
Athins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 176 (1886); Dist. Mon. Orient.
Cicad. p. 79, t. v, f. 18, a, 6 (1891).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greenish-ochraceous ; head
with lateral striz to front, area of ocelli, an oblique broken fascia
between ocelli and outer margin of vertex, and a spot at inner
margins of eyes black; pronotum with two central angulated
longitudinal fasciz united posteriorly, on each side of which is a
short curved discal spot, the incisures and a spot on lateral margins
black ; mesonotum with two black-margined central obconical
spots, their bases black, on each side of which is a small anterior
spot, a bread curved and broken sublateral fascia, a large angulated
spot in front of cruciform elevation, which has two small discal
spots and its anterior angles black ; abdomen greenish-ochraceous,
much shaded with black, the apical third and the tympanal
coverings almost wholly black; head beneath, sternum, and legs
greenish-ochraceous, the opercula and abdomen black ; abdomen
with a marginal ochraceous fascia near apices of opercula; trans-
MATA, 119
verse striz to face, a line between face and eyes, inner margins of
eyes, outer margins of prosternum, a central line to rostrum ana
its apex, spots to coxee and trochanters, linear streaks to femora,
and the apices of tibize black ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation
alternately ochraceous and fuscous ; ; tegmina with the transverse
veins at bases of second, third, fifth, ‘and seventh apical areas
infuseated, and a marginal series ‘of small fuscous spots near apices
of longitudinal veins to pee areas.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 26; exp. tegm. 88 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Ind. Mus. ). Eastern Himalayas (Coll. Dist.).
. Lostrum reaching third abdominal segment.
be Opereula piceous, not quite meeting inwardly, posterior and
lateral margins convex.
1614. Oncotympana melanoptera, Dist. (Pomponia) TZ. E. S. 1904,
Pp. G72, pl. xxx, it0d,, a, 0:
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum olivaceous-green ; head with
the anterior margin and a basal triangular spot to front, some
reticulate lateral markings to vertex, and the area of ocelli black ;
pronotum with the basal and lateral margins dull ochraceous,
with two central longitudinal waved black fascia, widened on
anterior margin and united posteriorly, on each side of these are
two oblique purplish spots and some black marks on the lateral
areas ; mesonotum with two sets of central obconical spots arranged
in pairs, a longer obconical spot on each side, four anterior
marginal spots, and a central lateral and apical spot black ;
cruciform elevation with its apical angles black; abdomen black,
a few obscure ochraceous spots above, and in the male with the
anterior margin of the second abdominal segment and a spot on
each side of anal segment white; sternum, rostrum, and legs
olivaceous ; transverse marginal striz to face black; opercula
piceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with the costal
membrane and basal venation olivaceous, remaining venation
fuscous, transverse veins at bases of second, third, fifth, and seventh
apical areas infuscated, and a submarginal series of small fuscous
spots near apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ & 9,20; exp. tegm. 68 to 70 millim.
Hab, Mussooree (Mackinnon).
Genus MATA, nov.
Type, M. kama, Dist.
Distribution. British India. Java.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of mesonotum,
distinctly shorter than space between eyes; pronotum shorter
than mesonotum, its lateral margins a little convex, sinuate
before the posterior lateral angles, which are moderately lobately
produced ; abdomen in male short, about as long as space between
120 CICADID &.
apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympanal orifices
completely covered, tympanal coverings with their outer margins
sinuate, the posterior angles only projecting beyond the lateral
margins of the abdomen; metasternum prolonged in a broad,
oblong, laminate process between the opercula, which are snort,
transverse, and not extending beyond the base of abdomen, their
lateral margins visible from above; rostrum reaching the posterior
coxe ; anterior femora spined beneath; tegmina and wings
hyaline, maculate; tegmina very long and narrow, more than
three times longer than broad, with eight apical areas and the
basal cell longer than broad ; wings with six apical areas.
1615. Mata kama, Dist. (Pomponia) 77. E. 8. 1881, p. 648; id. Mon
Orient. Cicad. p. 78, t. vi, f. 12, a, 6, (1891).
Head, pronotom, and mesonotum greenish; head with the lateral
margins of front, area of ocelli (from which two lines proceed to
posterior margin of vertex), and two transverse lines on its lateral
margins black; pronotum with two central longitudinal much-
angulated fasciz, between which the colour is ochraceous, followed
on each side by a short discal curved line, and some of the
incisures black, an oblique fuscous spot on lateral margins, posterior
margin narrowly edged with black; mesonotum with two black-
margined obconical spots, a central lanceolate spot, and a linear
Fig. 52.— Mata kama.
angulate fascia in front of each anterior angle of cruciform eleva-
tion black; abdomen castaneous ; tympanal coverings pale green,
fuscous anteriorly, and cretaceous white near lateral margins ;
body beneath with the head, sternum, and opercula more or less
greenish, abdomen castaneous ; central area to face and apex of
rostrum black; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation fuscous ;
tegmina with the transverse veins at bases of second, third, fifth,
and seventh apical areas infuscated, and a marginal series of
fuscous spots at apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,18; exp. tegm. 66 millim.
Hab. Darjiling (Coll. Dist.). Mungphu (Coll Atkinson).—Java.
Division LAHUGADARTIA.,
Lahugadaria, Dist. 4. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 804 (1905).
In this division the lateral margins of the pronotum are not
dentate ; the tympana are completely covered, the tympanal flaps
LAHUGADA, PDT
broader than long; the opercula in the male are short, somewhat
globose, wider than abdominal margins, and distinctly visible
from above; metanotum strongly exposed behind the cruciform
elevation, and angularly excavated to receive the apex of the basal
abdominal segment.
At present I can only include the following genus.
Genus LAHUGADA.
Lahugada, Dist. Ad. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 304 (1905).
Type, L. dohertyt, Dist.
NMstribution. At present known only from Assam.
Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than base of
mesonotum, its length about equal to space between eyes, its
lateral margins discontinuous, the lateral margins ot front
being almost at right angles to those of vertex; pronotum
almost as long as mesonotum, narrowed anteriorly, the poste-
rior angles prominent and rounded; metanotum strongly exposed
behind the cruciform elevation, angularly excavated to receive the
apex of the basal abdominal segment; abdomen considerably
longer than space between apex of front and base of cruci-
form elevation ; tympana completely covered, tympanal coverings
broader than long and transversely rugulose; opercula short,
somewhat globose, wider than abdominal margins, and distinctly
visible from above; rostrum about reaching the posterior coxe ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with eight apical areas and
the basal cell longer than broad.
1616, Lahugada dohertyi, Dist. (Pomponia) Mon. Orient. Cicad
p. 77, t. xiii, f. 9, a, 6 (1891).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum dark ochraceous; abdomen
pale castaneous ; head with the eyes fuscous, the area of the ocelli
Fig. 53.—Lahugada dohertyi.
and lateral margins of vertex infuscated; pronotum with a
subobsolete central fascia, with a dark spot at base and apex, a
short discal fuscous streak on each side, the incisures and outer
122 CICADIDZ.
margins also ‘infuscated; mesonotum with two small central
obeonical spots, some subobsolete fasciz on each side, and with
two small blackish spots in front of the cruciform elevation, the
centre of which is dark fuscous; body beneath and legs dark
ochraceous ; apex of rostrum and tarsal claws fuscous ; apical area
of abdomen castaneous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, with a slight
bronzy tinge and unspotted, the venation dark ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,273; exp. tegm. 75 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Doherty).
Subfamily I]. GAZSANIN A.
Geeaninee, Dist, A.M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 804 (1905) ; td. ante, p. 57.
This subfamily includes a number of genera in which the tympanal
orifices are more or less exposed, the tympanal coverings being
always present, but in a more or less incomplete condition.
Division CICADATRARIA.
Cicadatraria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 304 (1905).
In this division the tympanal coverings are rounded anteriorly,
not angulate, and either completely covering the orifices anteriorly
and exposing them interiorly or the reverse, or smaller, exposing
them both anteriorly and interiorly; the lateral margins of the
pronotum are not convexly ampliate nor medially angulate; the
tegmina and wings are hyaline, sometimes maculate.
The genera composing this division are confined to the Eastern
Hemisphere.
Synopsis of Genera.
1. Abdomen in ¢ not tuberculate beneath.
A. Tympanal coverings narrower, but scarcely
shorter than tympanal cavities.
a. Head about as long as pronotum ; lateral
margins of pronotum straight, not
Mp Maite: i/ao.s.2 4 «ee « eye) shame ceeveraeds eine Ematuta, p. 123.
B. Tympanal coverings both narrower and
shorter than tympanal cavities.
a. Wings with five apical areas ...... cee) SEOUSTEA, p24.
b. Wings with six apical areas.
a. Opercula in ¢ short and transverse, not
or scarcely extending beyond base of
abdomen.
a’. Head more or less deflected anteriorly,
front not prominent.
a*, Pronotum distinctly shorter than
mesonotum.
b’. Length of head about equal to
breadth between eyes; abdo-
men in g longer than space
between apex of head and base
of cruciform elevation.
EMATHIA,. IRR
ce. Greatest width of tegmina
only one-third of length,
broader than wines........ Trrpnosta, p. 126.
d. Greatest width of tegmina
considerably more than one-
third of length, but scarcely
broader than wings....... SEnA, p. 134.
6°. Length of head less ‘than width
between eyes; abdomen in ¢
about as long as space between
apex of head and base of
eruciform elevation ... CIcapaTRA, p. 132.
b. Operculain ¢ short but well dev eloped,
at least reaching apex of second or
base of third abdominal segment . Kurimeya, p. 189,
6b. Opercula in ¢ extending ‘beyond the
middle of abdomen.
aa’, Head not deflected anteriorly, the
front very prominent.
aa”, Pronotum as long as mesonotum. LrrHama, p. 142.
C. Tympanal coverings shorter, Dut not narrower
than tympanal cavities; head with the front
prominent, its lateral margins at right
angles with anterior margins of vertex. Basa, p. 143.
2, Abdomen in ¢ tuberculate beneath on the
second and third abdominal segments.
a. Head about as long as half the width
between eyes; wings with six apical
AECRSic citvals a ahate Wiesals isles =e aharaee a ions ee CALCAGNINUS, p. 137.
b. Head as long as width between eyes ; wings
with five apical ALCASY RAYS. foas ae ay ars GupaBa, p. 138.
Genus EMATHIA.
Emathia, Sta/, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 8 (1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p- 183 (1892).
Type, H. egrota, Stal.
Distribution. India.
Head about as long as pronotum, including eyes about as wide
as base of mesonotum, vertex longer than front, its lateral margins
discontinuous, that of vertex not in line with that of front;
pronotum a little shorter than mesonotum, its lateral margins
straight, not ampliate, its posterior angles moderately ampliated ;
mesonotum with the disk convex; abdomen short, about as long
as space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;
tympanal coverings incomplete, narrower but scarcely shorter
than the the tympanal cavities, which are thus inwardly exposed ;
rostrum almost reaching the posterior coxe; opercula in male
small, narrow, not extending beyond basal abdominal segment ;
anterior femora strongly spined beneath; tegmina and. wings
hyaline, the first with eight apical areas and the basal cell not
twice as long as broad.
124 CICADID #®.
1617. Emathia egrota, St@, Berl. ent. Zeit, 1866, p. 172; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. lili, p. 229 (1885); Dist. Mon. Orient. Crcad.
p- 138, t. xii, f..3, a, 6 (1892).
Tibicen aurengzebe, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1881, p. 646; Atkins. J
A. S. Beng. Ini. p. 231 (1884).
Body above dull dark ochraceous ; head with narrow marginal
strie to front and the
margins of ocelli black ; pro-
notum with a central longi-
tudinal sulcation, on each
side of which is a small fus-
cous spot at anterior mar-
gin, and behind which is a
fuscous spot on posterior
Fig. 54.—Emathia egrota. margin, the incisures also
fuscous; mesonotum with
two short central obconical spots, a long sublateral and somewhat
broken fascia on each side, and two small spots in front of
cruciform elevation piceous; abdomen with the posterior segmental
margins narrowly and obscurely paler; body beneath and legs
concolorous with upper surface; centre of face, metasternum,
disk and apex of abdomen, streaks to femora, bases and apices of
tibie, and apical joints of tarsi fuscous; tegmina and wings hyaline ;
tegmina with costal membrane and basal half of venation ochra-
ceous, remaining venation fuscous, transverse veins at bases of
second and third apical areas apical transverse vein to radial area,
and apical vein to lower ulnar area more or less infuseated, and
usually a small subapical fuscous spot; wings with the transverse
vein at base of upper apical area and the margins of abdominal area
infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,18; exp. tegm. 48 millim.
Hab, Bombay (Dixon), Khandala (Coll. Dist.).
Genus RUSTIA.
Rustia, Sta/, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 8 (1866); Dist, Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 125 (1892).
Type, A. dentivitta, Walk.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head a little shorter than pronotum, including eyes about as
wide as base of mesonotum, its lateral margins discontinuous,
lateral margins of vertex not in line with those of front, the
vertical angles globosely produced, eyes somewhat pedunculate,
ocelli much farther apart from eyes than from each other; pronotum
as long as mesonotum, its lateral margins nearly straight, a little
sinuate, its posterior angles slightly recurved; abdomen longer
than space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;
tympanal coverings very small, both narrower and shorter than
the tympanal cavities ; opercula in male very small, not covering
the cavities ; rostrum reaching the posterior cox; anterior femora
a,
RUSTIA,. 25
spined beneath ; tegmina and wings hyaline ; tegmina with the
basal cell much longer than broad, apical areas eight, wings with
five apical areas.
a. Rostrum reaching the posterior cove.
1618. Rustia dentivitta, Waik. (Cicada) Journ. Ent. i, p. 304 (1862) ;
Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 125, t. viii, f. 14, a, b (1892).
Rustia pedunculata, Stal, Berl. ent. Zeit. p. 883 (1866).
Var. amussitata.
Tibicen amussitatus, Dist. A. WM. N. H. (6) 1, p. 873 (1888); ¢d.
(Rustia) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 126, t. xii, f. 16, a, b (1892).
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous ; head with a fascia on each
side of front, two central longitu-
dinal spots to vertex, a spot at inner
margins of eyes, and the anterior
angles of vertex black; pronotum
with two central longitudinal fascis
(on each side of which is an oblique
fascia) and the sublateral margin
black; mesonotum with two cen-
trally united obconical spots and a curved fascia on each lateral
area black ; abdomen with a faint central longitudinal fascia, and
the apex above and beneath, more or less blackish ; tegmina and
wings hyaline; tegmina with the venation, costal membrane,
and a series of large marginal spots (sometimes united) on the
longitudinal veins to apical areas fuscous.
Var. amussitata, Tegmina almost unspotted, or with only faint
traces of the marginal spots; sometimes with a single apical
spot. orn
Length excl. tegm., ¢ & 9,12 to 14; exp.tegm. 32 to 40 millim.
Hab. Mussooree (Mackinnon). Assam; Margherita (Doherty).
Burma; Rangoon (Coll. Dist.) —Siam. Cambodia.
Fig. 55.—Rustia dentivitta.
b. Rostruin just passing the intermediate cove.
1619. Rustia tigrina, Dist. (Tibicen) 4. M. N. H. (6) ii, p. 325 (1888);
id. (Rustia) Mon. Orvent. Cicad. p. 126, t. xiv, f. 19, a, b (1892).
Ochraceous; a transverse fascia between the eyes, a broad
marginal fascia to pro- and mesonota, a spot on each side of
cruciform elevation, and two longitudinal dorsal fascize to abdomen
dark castaneous or piceous; body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
apex of abdomen spotted with black ; tegmina and wings hyaline,
the first with the costal membrane and basal venation ochraceous,
remaining venation and an apical spot fuscous; wings with the
venation fuscous. Ma
Length excl. tegm., 5,13; exp. tegm. 31 millim.
Hab. Kulluur (Coll. Atkinson).
126 CICADID.
Genus TERPNOSIA.
Terpnosia, Dist..A. M. N. H. (6) ix, p. 825 (note) (1892) ; id. Mon,
Orient. Cicad. p. 138 (1892).
Type, 7’. psecas, Walk.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions, China and Japan.
Head about as long as breadth between eyes, deflected anteriorly,
front not prominent; pronotum distinctly shorter than mesonotum,
its lateral margins sinuate, with the posterior angles moderately
lobately produced ; abdomen in male longer than space between
apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympanal coverings
both narrower and shorter than tympanal cavities ; opercula in
male short and transverse, usually not or scarcely extending beyond
base of abdomen* ; anterior femora spined beneath ; tegmina and
wings hyaline, the first usually more or less maculate, with eight
apical areas, and the basal cell longer than broad ; wings with six
apical areas.
A. Opercula in male not extending beyond base of abdomen.
a. Tegmina more or less maculate and with marginal spots.
a. Tympanal coverings more than half as long as tympanal orifices ;
opercula wm male with their posterior margins moderately
convex,
1620, Terpnosia psecas, Walk. (Dundubia) List Hom. i, p. 65 (1850).
Pomponia elegans, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 130 (1891).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish-olivaceous ; head
Fig. 56.— Terpnosia psecas.
with the front, area of ocelli, from which a fascia converges to
lateral margins of vertex, dark castaneous; pronotum with two
* Except in 7’, maculipes and T. ganesa.
THRPNOSIA. 127
central longitudinal black fascie broadly dilated posteriorly, on
each side of these fasciz and on the lateral and posterior margins
the colour is considerably paler, and the last is marked with three
black spots ; mesonotum with a central lanceolate fascia, on each
side of which is an obconical spot, other discal markings, and the
lateral margins black ; abdomen above dark castaneous ; tympanal
coverings and large irregular segmental spots on each side greyish-
green ; head, sternum, and legs greyish-green mottled with dark
castaneous ; opercula greyish-green with their extreme margins
black ; abdomen beneath shining greyish-green, the segmental
margins dark castaneous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first
with a slight bronzy tint, the venation somewhat alternately
fuscous or ochraceous, costal membrane brown, basal cell ochra-
ceous, transverse veins at bases of first to fifth and seventh and
eighth apical areas broadly infuscated, and a marginal series of
fuscous spots at apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,35; exp. tegm. 88 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Green).—Java (Brit. Mus.).
w. Lympanal coverings less than half the length of tympanal orifices ;
opercula in male with their lateral and posterior margins more
or less oblique.
1621. Terpnosia stipata, Walk. (Dundubia) List Hom. i, p- 51(1850) ;
Dist. (Terpnosia) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 139, t. xv, f. 6, a, b
(1892).
Dundubia clonia, Walk. List Hom. i, p. 66 (1850).
Body above greenish-ochraceous ; head with the margins of
front and apical angles of vertex fuscous, area of ocelli, an oblique
fascia on each side, and an small spot at inner margins of eyes
black or piceous ; pronotum with two central fasciz united pos-
teriorly, the incisures, a spot on lateral margins, extreme edge of
posterior margin, and a spot on each side of same black; meso-
notum with a central linear fascia, on each side of which is a much
shorter one, followed by a small obconical spot, a sinuated sub-
lateral fascia, two small spots in front of cruciform elevation, and
the angles of same black ; abdomen with the posterior segmental
margins, a broad central dorsal fascia, and macular lateral fascize
very dark fuscous, extreme apex greyish-white ; body beneath and
legs pale greenish, the abdomen beneath tale-like and semi-
transparent ; a few sternal spots, the anterior femoral spines, and
the tarsi more or less fuscous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation fuscous or ochraceous; tegmina with the costal mem-
brane ochraceous, the transverse veins at bases of second, third,
and fifth apical areas moderately infuscated, and a marginal series
of small fuscous spots situate on the longitudinal veins to apical
areas.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 338, 9 22; exp. tegm., 5 80, 2 70 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Ritagala (Green).
128 CICADIDA.
a’, Tympanal coverings very small and rudimentary ; opercula in
male with their anterior and posterior margins convealy rounded.
1622. Terpnosia confusa, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 306 (1905).
Body above castaneous-brown, finely greyish pilose; pronotum
with the centre of the posterior margin (excluding a medial spot),
the apices of the lateral margins, and two central curved fascize
pale greenish ; mesonotum with the anterior lateral margins pale
greenish, the margins of two obscure anterior obconical spots and
the anterior angles of the cruciform elevation ochraceous ; posterior
margins of the abdominal segments narrowly fuscous; body
beneath considerably paler in hue than above; opercula broad,
transverse, convexly rounded posteriorly, not quite reaching basal
segment of abdomen; rostrum just reaching basal abdominal
segment. Tegminaand wings hyaline, the veins brown or brownish-
ochraceous ; tegmina with a slight greenish suffusion, a curved
series of about four small fuscous spots extending from base of
second ulnar area to inner margin, the bases of the two upper
apical areas a little infuscated, and a narrow elongate fuscous spot
at apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas. Tympanal
covering very small, the greater part of the tympana being exposed.
Length excl. tegm., d, 30; exp. tegm. 87 millim.
Hab. “India” (Brit. Mus.) ; Sikhim (Coll. Dist.).
This is the species figured in my Mon. Orient. Cicad. (tab. vi,
. 21) as T. psecas, Walk.
a®, Tympanal coverings more than half as long as tympanal orifices ;
opercula in male with their lateral and postervor margins oblique ;
marginal spots to tegmina sometimes absent.
1623. Terpnosia ransonetti, Dist. (Pomponia) 4A. M. N. H. (6) 1,
p. 872 (1888); id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 72, t. vii, f. 20, a,
(1890).
Pomponia greeni, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 129, t. v,
f. 11 (1891).
Head and thorax above ochraceous ; head with two converging
lines to front, the anterior area of vertex (enclosing ocelli), the
hinder margins of eyes, and a small spot at that region black ;
pronotum with two central longitudinal lines united anteriorly
and posteriorly (on each side of which is a curved discal spot) and
the incisures black ; mesonotum with a central longitudinal fascia
widened at base into a large crescentic spot in front of basal
cruciform elevation, on each side of this at anterior margin is a
short curved fascia, followed by a marginal spot, a broad sublateral
fascia, and an oblique spot on each lateral margin, black; abdomen
above brownish-ochraceous and pilose, the segmental margins
narrowly piceous ; head beneath, sternum, and legs ochraceous ;
an oval fascia on face, a transverse spot between face and eyes,
posterior margin of head, a transverse spot on mesosternum, apices
TERPNOSIA. 129
of femora and bases of tibize black; abdomen beneath brownish-
ochraceous, its base and apex piceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline,
with a pale creamy-blue tint, venation castaneous or fuscous ;
tegmina with a small ochraceous spot at base of upper ulnar area,
transverse veins at bases of second, third, fifth, and seventh apical
areas infuscated, and a marginal series of small fuscous spots at
apices of longitudinal veins ‘to apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., d, 22; exp. tegm. 59 millim.
Hab. Mussooree (Mackinnon). Ceylon (Green); Colombo (Ind.
Mus.).
In some varieties of this species the marginal tegminal spots
are absent.
b. Tegnuna without marginal spots.
5. Tympanal coverings not more than a third of the length of
tympanal orifices ; opercula in male with their outer margins
convexly oblique, posterior margins obliquely truncate.
1624. Terpnosia clio, Walk. (Dundubia) List Hom. i p. 78 (1850) ;
Dist. (Terpnosia) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 141, mies £. 5, a,b
(1892).
Head and thorax above greenish-ochraceous ; head with two
central apical spots to front, a spot at anterior angles of vertex,
and the area of the ocelli black; pronotum with two central
linear fascive, almost united posteriorly, and the incisures black ;
mesonotum with a central longitudinal lanceolate fascia, with a
‘short curved fascia on each side, a broken sublateral fascia, and
two small spots in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen
ochraceous, the segmental margins green, lateral margins pale
ochraceous, anterior margins of the short tympanal flaps black ;
legs, sternum, and opercula greenish-ochraceous ; striations to face,
a spot between face and eyes, basal and apical annulations to
anterior and intermediate femora and tibi, apices of tarsi, apex
of rostrum, and basal fascia to the opercula dark castaneous or
piceous ; abdomen beneath pale ochraceous, its base, apical seg-
ment, and anal appendage black; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation ochraceous or fuscous ; tegmina with the costal membrane
greenish, transverse veins at "bases of second, third, and fifth
apical areas infuscated, a black spot at basal angle of upper ulnar
area.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,19; exp. tegm. 50 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Coll. Dist.). Mussooree (Mackinnon). Burma;
Karennee (/a). Tenasserim; M. Mooleyit (fea).
b'. Tympanal coverings not more than «a third of the length of tympanal
orifices ; opercula in male with their margins obliquely rounded.
1625. Terpnosia abdullah, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1904, p. 676, pl. xxx,
Ter di @,10s
VOL, II. K
130 CICADID.A.
Body pale ochraceous, with the following black markings, viz.
two small anterior spots and a spot at each basal angle to front,
the area of the ocelli, and a line at inner margins of eyes; two
central longitudinal lines and the incisures to pronotum ; a central
line (much widened medially), on each side. of this an anterior
curved line, followed by two angulated spots and a large lateral
curved spot to mesonotum, and a small rounded spot in front of
anterior angles of the basal cruciform elevation; lateral margins
of first and an oblique marginal spot to second abdominal segment,
transverse spots to face, apices of femora, bi-annulations to tibize
and tarsi, and base and apex of abdomen beneath. Tegmina and
wings pale hyaline, the venation ochraceous ; the first with a black
spot at base of upper ulnar area, and the transverse veins at the
bases of the two upper apical areas, infuscated ; opercula small
and obliquely rounded ; rostrum reaching the posterior cox.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,16; exp. tegm. 46 millim.
Hab. N.W. India and Sikhim (Brit. Mus.).—Malay Peninsula ;
Pahang (Craddock).
c. Tegmina completely unspotted.
c. Tympanal coverings very small and rudimentary ; opercula in
male narrow and oblique.
1626. Terpnosia madhava, Dist. (Pomponia) 7. E. S. 1881, p. 644;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 229 (1885); Dist. (Terpnosia)
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 141, t. ix, f. 2, a, 6 (1892).
Body above pale greenish ; abdomen on each side with a lateral
series of three large oblong spots only denoted by their darker
green margins, and placed on the second, third, and fourth seg-
ments, segmental margins narrowly dark greenish, abdominal apex
greyishly tomentose ; mesonotum with two faint obconical spots ;
ocelli red; eyes fuscous; body beneath pale green; legs and
rostrum pale ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation
ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous; tegmina with the costal
membrane pale greenish.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 223; exp. tegm. 55 millim.
Hab. Assam (Coll. Dist.).
ce. Tympunal coverings very small and rudimentary ; opercula in
male transverse, ther posterior margins subtruncate.
1627. Terpnosia collina, Dist. (Pomponia) A. M. NW. H. (6) i, p. 371
(1888); zd. (Terpnosia) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 142, t. vil,
f. 12, a,b (1892).
Body above brownish-ochraceous; bead with the margins of
front and the vertex much suffused with black ; pronotum with
two central longitudinal fasciw, on each side of which is a curved
linear spot, and the incisures black; mesonotum with a central
longitudinal fascia widened anteriorly and posteriorly, on each
TERPNOSIA. 131
side of this a short curved fascia, a sublateral fascia, and two
small spots in front of cruciform elevation black; abdomen with
the segmental margins somewhat broadly black ; sternum, opercula,
and legs ochraceous ; abdomen beneath brownish-ochraceous; head
(excluding face) blackish ; bases of tibi, the tarsi, and basal seg-
ment of abdomen fuscous ; apical abdominal segment somewhat
infuscated ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation fuscous or
ochraceous, the first with the costal membrane ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,16 to 17; exp. tegm. 47 to 54 millim.
Hab. Assam ; Khasi Hills (nd. Mus.). Burma: Ruby Mines
(Doherty).
B. Opercula in male extending beyond base of abdomen, their inner
margins oblique, apices rounded and situate on lateral abdominal
MArGUns.
1628. Terpnosia maculipes, Walk. (Dundubia) List Hom. i, p. 70
(1850) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 224 (1865) ; Dist. (Terp-
nosia) Mon. Orrent. Cicad. p. 140, t. xv, f. 7,a, 6 (1892).
Body above dull ochraceous ; head with marginal lines to front,
linear spots at anterior angles of vertex, area of ocelli, and a small
spot between ocelli and eyes black; pronotum with two central
linear fascize (united posteriorly) and the incisures black ; meso-
notum with a central longitudinal fascia, on each side of which is
a short curved fascia, followed by a small anterior marginal! spot,
a broken macular sublateral fascia, and two spots in front of
cruciform elevation black; abdomen pilose, with the small tym-
panal coverings, narrow segmental margins, and lateral segmental
marginal spots black ; body beneath and legs ochraceous; coxal
spots, spots near bases and apices of femora, spines to anterior
femora, subbasal and subapical annulations to anterior and inter-
mediate tibie, apices of tarsi, apex of rostrum, and striations to
face dark castaneous or fuscous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation fuscous or ochraceous ; tegmina with the costal membrane
ochraceous, the transverse veins at bases of second, third, fifth,
and seventh apical areas palely infuscated, a series of small fuscous
marginal spots near apices of longitudinal veins to apical arear,
and a fuscous spot at basal angle of upper ulnar area.
Length excl. tegm., 3, 28; exp. tegm. 77 millim.
Hab. North Bengal (Miss Campbell, Brit. Mus.). Mussooree
(Mackinnon).
1629. Terpnosia ganesa, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1904, p. 675, pl. xxx,
rp OanUs
Body above brownish-olivaceous ; head with margins of front
and area of ocelli, on each side of which is an oblique line, black ;
pronotum with two central longitudinal fascie, with a spot on
each side of same, and the incisures black ; mesonotum with two
K 2
132 CICADID®.
anterior obconical spots, a straight longitudinal fascia continued
from between them, a spot at each anterior angle of the basal
cruciform elevation, and a broad continuous sublateral fascia pre-
ceded by a small spot on anterior margin black; abdomen above
irregularly greyishly pilose, the extreme margins of the first and
second segments, a central longitudinal spot on first segment,
broad discal fascia to third segment, two small central spots on
fourth, fifth, and sixth segments, and lateral marginal spots black ;
body beneath and legs ochraceous, central fascia to face and the
rostrum stramineous ; apical spots to cox, and basal and apical
annulations to femora and tibie, black ; tegmina and wings hya-
line, venation fuscous or ochraceous, the tegmina spotted at apices
of ulnar and apical areas; rostrum passing the posterior coxe ;
opercula oblique, not reaching apex of second abdominal segment
and not meeting inwardly.
Length excl. tegm., 3,26; exp. tegm. 70 millim.
Hab. Mussooree (Mackinnon).
This species is allied to 7. maculipes, from which it differs by
the shorter, broader, and more darkly marked abdomen.
Genus CICADATRA.
Cicadatra, Amyot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847, p. 155 [849], f. 62;
Yeb. Rev. Mag. Zool. (3) iv, p. 42 (1876); Dist. Mon. Orvent.
Cicad, p. 158 (1892).
Cicada, subgen. Cicadatra, Kolenat. Melet. Entomol. p. 9 (1857).
Tettigia, subgen. Cicadatra, Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr. 1861, p. 617.
Type, C. atra, Oliy., a Palearctic species.
Distribution. Palearctic, just entering British India.
Head (including eyes) narrower than base of mesonotum, its
length less than width between eyes, but about as long as pro-
notum; pronotum much shorter than mesonotum, its lateral
margins more or less obliquely straight, its posterior lateral angles
a little ampliated ; mesonotum convex ; abdomen in male as long
as space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;
tympanal coverings both narrower and shorter than tympanal
orifices ; opercula in male short and transverse, not extending
beyond the base of abdomen; anterior femora spined beneath ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the first sometimes a little maculate,
its greatest width more than a third of length, apical areas eight ;
wings with six apical areas.
A. Tegmina and wings immaculate.
1630. Cicadatra sankana, Dist. (Tibicen) Zr. E. S. 1904, p. 675,
plies, 1.76,,.0,
3. Head black, anterior margins and three small basal spots
ochraceous, eyes and ocelli castaneous; pronotum castaneous,
lateral and posterior margins and two central spots, both on
_.
CICADATRA,. 133
anterior and posterior margins (divided by a pale ochraceous line),
black ; mesonotum and basal cruciform elevation black, the first with
lateral margins and two anterior obconical spots only delineated by
their margins ochraceous ; abdomen castaneous, greyishly pilose,
Fig. 57.—Cicadatra sankana.
the base and a central longitudinal fascia black ; head beneath,
sternum, and legs ochraceous; abdomen beneath castaneous ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous or ochraceous,
their bases narrowly ochraceous; wings with a small fuscous
marginal spot near abdominal area; rostrum scarcely extending
beyond the anterior coxe.
@. Body much darker in hue than in ¢; lateral margins of
abdomen beneath obscurely piceous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 18, 92 20; exp. tegm., ¢ 47, 9 52
millim.
Hab. Chamasari, 5000 ft. (Mackinnon).—Baluchistan, Ormarah
(Cumming, Brit. Mus.).
B. Tegmina more or less maculate.
a. Transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas of
tegmina infuscated.
1631. Cicadatra xantes, Walk. (Cicada) List Hom, i, p. 198 (1850) ;
Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. liii, p. 230 (1885) ; Stal (Cicadatra), Ofv.
Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1862, p. 485; Dist. Mon, Orient. Crcad. p. 135,
t. xv, f. 1, 2, 6 (1892).
Cicada subvenosa, Walk. Ins. Saund., Hom. p. 18 (1858).
Body above ochraceous, rather thickly and shortly pilose ; head
with the front castaneous, and with an irregular black spot near
the inner margins of eyes ; pronotum with two central longitudinal
fasciee, on each side of which is a small spot, and a small central
spot on posterior margin black; mesonotum with four obconical
black spots, the outer ones longest and sublateral ; abdomen very
thickly greyishly pilose; body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
tegmina and wings hyaline and somewhat talc-like in appearance,
the venation ochraceous ; tegmina with the costal membrane and
extreme base ochraceous, the transverse veins at bases of second
and third apical areas palely infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 17; exp. tegm. 50 millim.
Hab. “North India” (Warwick, Brit. Mus.). Peshawur ( Wat-
son). ‘Ind. orient.” (Coll. Dist.).
134 CICADID®,
b. Transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas of
tegmina, and at base of upper apical area to wings, infuscated.
1632. Cicadatra striata, Walk. (Cicada) List Hom. i, p. 206 (1850) ;
Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 482; Dist. (Cicadatra)
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 135, t. xv, f. 2, a, b (1892).
Cicada anea, Walk. List Hom. 1, p. 207 (1850).
3. Head blackish, a spot at anterior angles of vertex anda
smaller one behind each eye ochraceous; pronotum dull ochra-
ceous with a pale central longitudinal fascia margined with black,
the sublateral and subposterior margins and the incisures black ;
mesonotum ochraceous, with four obconical spots, the outermost
of which are longest and sublateral, a large spot in front of
cruciform elevation, and a small spot on each side of same black ;
abdomen above black, the posterior segmental margins broadly
castaneous ; head beneath blackish; sternum, legs, and opercula
ochraceous ; coxze spotted with black; abdomen beneath pale cas-
taneous, its apex ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, with
their extreme bases reddish-ochraceous, venation pale brownish
or fuscous ; tegmina with the transverse veins at the bases of the
second and third apical areas infuscated ; wings with the transverse
vein at base of upper apical area infuscated.
2. Head totally black; mesonotum nearly black, the spots
having coalesced ; abdomen above darker than in male.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,16; exp. tegm. 45 millim.
Hab. Quetta (Coll. Dist.). North Bengal (Miss Campbell, Brit.
Mus.).
Genus SENA.
Sena, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 307 (1905).
Type, S. querula, Pall.
Distribution. Palearctic and Oriental Regions.
Head about as long as space between eyes, lateral margins of
front somewhat at right angles to lateral margins of vertex, eyes
scarcely projecting beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum ;
pronotum shorter than the mesonotum, its lateral margins more
or less oblique, the posterior angles being obliquely dilated ; abdo-
men longer than the space between apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation*; tympana largely exposed, the flaps being a
little shorter and very much narrower than the tympanal orifices ;
rostrum just passing the intermediate cox; opercula in male
small, transverse, not extending beyond base of abdomen; anal
appendages large.
* Except in S. acberi, Dist.
SENA. 135
A. Abdomen longer than space between apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation.
a. Tegmina and wings spotted.
b. Tegmina and wings hyaline.
' . .
a. Rostrum about reaching posterior cove.
1633. Sena querula, Pall. (Cicada) Reise, tom. ii, p.729 (1778) ; Hagen,
Stett. ent. Zeit. 1856, p. 33; Fieb. (Cicadatra) Rev. Mag. Zool.
(3) iv, p. 48 (1876) ; Dest. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 134, t. xii,
f. 2, a, 6 (1892).
Cephaloxys quadrimacula, Walk. List Hom. i, p. 238 (1850) ;
Atkins. (Mogannia) J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 233 (1885).
Cicada steveni, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1854, p. 248.
Stoll, Cig. f. 6.
Head and thorax above ochraceous or reddish-ochraceous ; head
with the front and a large broken transverse fascia between the
eyes black; pronotum with two central longitudinal fasciz, which
are irregular in width, the incisures and a submarginal lateral
fascia black ; mesonotum with four obconical spots (of which the
central pair are shortest and sometimes fused), a lanceolate spot
(sometimes absent) in front of cruciform elevation, and a spot on
Fig. 58.—Sena querula, var.
each side of same black; abdomen sometimes ochraceous with a
discal series of black spots, or altogether black with the posterior
segmental margins ochraceous; head beneath, sternum, legs, and
opercula ochraceous ; the face, sternal spots, shadings to femora,
tibiz, and tarsi (more or less) black ; abdomen beneath ochraceous,
in some specimens black with the posterior segmental margins
ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, somewhat talc-like in
appearance, the venation sometimes towards apices ochraceous ;
tegmina with the costal membrane ochraceous, the transverse
veins at bases of first, second, and third apical areas (sometimes
only the second and third) very darkly infuscated, 2 small costal
spot at end of radial area and the upper margin of basal cell dark
fuscous; wings with the transverse veins at bases of first, second,
oe a = Se
136 CICADID#.
and third apical areas (sometimes only first and second) broadly
and darkly infuscated; rostrum with its apex black and about
reaching posterior coxe.
Length excl. tegm. 19 to 32; exp. tegm. 50 to 85 millim.
Hab. Quetta (Brit. Mus.). ‘ North India” (Stevens, Brit. Mus.).
—Distributed over a considerable portion of the Palearctic Region ;
Turkestan; Tashkend. Persia. Afghanistan.
A large varietal form from Quetta is figured above.
b’. Tegmina and wings semi-opaque.
g i
a®. Rostrum just passing intermediate coxe.
1634, Sena rugipennis, Walk. (Cicada) Ins. Saund., Hom. p. 17 (1858) ;
Dist. (Cicadatra) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 135, Go eXats ole (arto
(1892),
Body and legs ochraceous; abdominal segmental margins piceous ;
tegmina and wings tale-like, semi-hyaline, their extreme bases
ochraceous ; tegmina with the venation ochraceous, but becoming
fuscous on apical area, costal membrane ochraceous, transverse
veins at bases of second, third, and fifth apical areas intuscated ;
wings with the venation ochraceous, transverse veins at bases of
first, second, and third apical areas broadly piceous.
Length excl. tegm., 2,30; exp. tegm. 90 millim.
Hab. “ Hindostan” (Brit. ‘Mus.).
Of this very distinct species 1 have only seen the unique female
type in the British Museum.
B. Abdomen not longer than space between apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation.
b. Tegmina and wings unspotted, hyaline.
a. Rostrum about reaching intermediate cove.
1635. Sena acheri, Dist. (Tibicen) A. M. N. H. (6) i, p. 373 (1888) ;
id. (Cicadatra) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 136, t. xv, f. 3, a, 6
(1892).
Head black, ocelli red, eyes brownish-ochraceous ; pronotum
black, with a central longitudinal fascia and the posterior margin
yellow, and with two large discal reddish spots ; mesonotum hlace
with two faint yellowish central fascie extending a short distance
from anterior margin; abdomen black, the lateral areas and apex
more or less reddish ; face, sternum, and femora yellow ; a central
longitudinal fascia to face, head beneath (excluding face), apices of
femora, the tibize and tarsi black; abdomen beneath dull reddish ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, venation blackish or olivaceous, costal
membrane to tegmina olivaceous; rostram with the apex piceous
and about reaching the intermediate cox; opercula in male yellow,
short, broad, obliquely rounded and not meeting inwardly.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 25; exp. tegm. 72 millim.
Hab. Kashmir Valley, 6300 feet (Leech).
CALCAGNINUS. 1U337;
Genus CALCAGNINUS.
Calcagninus, Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. pp. 31 & 186 (1889 & 1892).
Type, C. picturatus, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) about as broad as base of mesonotum, its
length about half the width between eyes, ocelli not quite twice
the distance from eyes as from each other; pronotum with the
lateral margins sometimes slightly ampliated and more or less
distinctly toothed, or nearly straight with only the posterior
angies ampliated ; abdomen longer than space between the apex
of head and base of cruciform elevation; tympanal coverings
rudimentary, only covering the tympanal orifices at base; second
and third ventral segments in male furnished with a well-developed
tubercle near each lateral margin; anterior femora distinctly spined
beneath; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe; tegmina and wings
hyaline, the first usually slightly maculate and possessing eight
apical areas; wings with six apical areas.
a. Lateral pronotal margins straight, not ampliated,
1636. Calcagninus picturatus, Dist. (Leptopsaltria) 4. M. N. H.
(6) i, p. 370 (1888); zd. (Calcazninus) Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 156, t. viii, f. 18, a, b (1892).
Body above brownish-ochraceous ; head (excluding base) much
_ suffused with piceous, ocelli red, eyes castaneous ; pronotum with
a central, longitudinal, fuscous fascia, the margins of which are
black, and which is ampliated anteriorly, and with an oblong
piceous fascia near each lateral
margin; mesonotum with a
central, longitudinal, lanceo-
late fascia, on each side of
which is a curved linear discal
fascia, a broad sublateral
fascia, and two spots in
front of cruciform elevation
Fig. 59.—Calcagninus picturatus. piceous ; abdomen sparingly
greyishly pilose, with a double
discal series and more continuous lateral marginal series of piceous
spots, base of anal segment also piceous, anal appendage pale
ochraceous; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation fuscous; tegmina
with a small ochraceous and fuscous spot at base of upper ulnar
area, and the transverse veins at bases of second and third apical
areas infuscated * ; rostrum with its apex piceous and just passing
posterior cox ; face discally depressed and somewhat flattened.
Length exel. tegm., ¢,15; exp. tegm. 44 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills, northern slopes (Hampson).
* A character omitted by the artist in the above figure.
138 CICADIDE.
b. Lateral pronotal margins a little ampliated and toothed.
1637. Calcagninus nilgiriensis, Dist. (Leptopsaltria) 4. M. N. H. (5)
Xx, p. 228 (1887) ; ad. (Calcagninus) Mon. Orvent. Cicad. p. 137,
t. vii, f. 15, a, 6 (1892).
Head and thorax above olivaceous-green ; head with the front
broadly margined with black, the vertex with a streak behind eyes,
some irregular anterior markings, and area of ocelli black ;
pronotum with two central longitudinal fasciee united posteriorly,
on each side of these a emer discal fascia, and the incisures
broadly piceous ; mesonotum with a centrai longitudinal lanceolate
fascia, on each side of which is an anterior obconical spot, followed
by a small spot on anterior margin, a broad sublateral fascia, and
two spots in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen more
ochraceous in hue, the segmental margins narrowly black, and with
two discal series of large spots and a marginal series of smaller
spots on each side piceous; head beneath, sternum, and legs
olivaceous-green; anterior margin and two central fascize to face,
some irregular spots between face and eyes, base and apex of
abdomen beneath, apices of femora, tibize, and tarsi more or less
piceous ; apex of rostrum piceous and just passing the posterior
cox; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation alternately black
and ochraceous ; tegmina with a few obscure black markings at
base, the costal membrane greenish-ochraceous, an ochraceous and
fuscous spot at base of upper ulnar area, and the transverse veins
at bases of second and third apical areas in male, and the three
upper apical areas in female, infuscated, in some specimens there
are a subinarginal series of small fuscous spots near the apices of
the longitudinal veins to apical areas, while in some other varieties
the tegmina are practically unspotted.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ & 2,16 to 22; exp. tegm. 50 to 57 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills, northern slopes (Hampson).
Genus GUDABA, nov.
Type, G. marginata, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Head (including eyes) about as broad as base of mesonotum, its
length about equal to the space between eyes, front prominent ;
pronotum about as long as head, its lateral margins obliquely
straight, its posterior lateral angles angulated ; abdomen somewhat
cylindrical, longer than space between apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation ; ; tympanal coverings very much shorter and
narrower than the "tympanal orifices ;~ second and third ventral
segments in male furnished with a tubercle near each lateral
margin, that on the second segment longest; opercula in male short,
transverse, not passing basal abdominal segment; anterior femora
strongly spined beneath ; rostrum about reaching the posterior
coxe ; tegmina and wings hyaline ; tegmina with eight, wings with
five apical areas.
KHIMBYA. 139
1638. Gudaba marginata, Dist. (Caleagninus) A. WM. N. H, (6) xx,
p- 19 (1897).
Body and legs ochraceous, apex of abdomen black ; tegmina
hyaline with a slight ochraceous
tint, costal membrane and vena-
tion ochraceous, the outer margin
somewhat broadly fuscous; wings
a little paler hyaline, venation
74 ochraceous; both tegmina and
{wings a little dark ochraceous on
Fig. 60.—Gudaba marginata. the claval areas; opercula in
male short, subquadrangular.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,15; exp. tegm. 38 millim.
Hab. Burma; North Chin Hills ( Watson).
Genus KHIMBYA,
Khimbya, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 307 (1905).
Type, A. evanescens, Walk.
Distribution. British India.
Head more or less deflected before eyes, its length considerably
shorter than space between eyes, margins of front and vertex
subobliquely continuous ; pronotum distinctly shorter than meso-
notum, its lateral margins sinuate, but not dentate ; abdomen much
longer than space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation ; tympana imperfectly covered, the flaps shorter and
narrower than tympanal cavities; rostrum usually not quite
reaching posterior cox; opercula in male inwardly obliquely
divergent, extending to about third abdominal segment ; anterior
femora with at least two spines on their under surface; tegmina
variable in breadth, either with the greatest breadth more than or
equal to a third of their length, apical areas eight, basal cell much
longer than broad.
A. Greatest width of tegnina more than a third their length.
a. Tympanal flaps only a little shorter than tympanal orifices.
a. Opercula in male ovate, narrowing at apices.
1639. Khimbya evanescens, Walk. (Dundubia) Ins. Saund., Hom.
p- 6 (1858); Dist. (Pomponia) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 72, t. x,
f, 13, a, 6 (1890).
Head and thorax above ochraceous ; head with strie to front,
area of ocelli, and the whole lateral vertical area black; pronotum
with two central longitudinal fasciz united posteriorly, a sublateral
anterior line, and margins of the posterior lateral angles black ;
mesonotum with a central longitudinal fascia, on each side of which
is a shorter and somewhat inwardly curved fascia, followed by a
spot on anterior margin, a broken sublateral fascia, and two small
140 CICADIDE.
spots in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen above tinted
with testaceous and greyishly pilose, with a discal segmental series
of spots and a smaller lateral series piceous ; body beneath and
legs pale ochraceous, the abdomen somewhat thickly greyishly
pilose; strie and central sulcation to face, space between face and
Fig. 61.—Khimbya evanescens.
eyes, and apical area of abdomen piceous; tegmina and wings
hyaline, the venation and costal membrane to tegmina pale
ochraceous ; tegmina with the transverse veins at bases of second
and third apical areas, the longitudinal veins to first and second
apical areas, and a series of spots at apices of longitudinal veins to
apical areas piceous; wings with the inner edges of outer margin
fuscous.
Length excl. tegm., §,18 to 21; exp. tegm. 45 to 56 millim.
Heb. Dehra Dun (Mackinnon). Burma; North Chin Hills
( Watson).
a’. Opercula in male acutely triangular.
1640. Khimbya cuneata, Dist. (Pomponia) A. M. N. H. (6) xx, p. 19
(1897).
¢. Head black with some marginal testaceous streaks to front
and the same at base; pronotum ochraceous, with two central
longitudinal fasciw, the incisures, and edges of posterior margin
black, two castaneous spots on posterior lateral angles; meso-
notum ochraceous, with a central longitudinal fascia, on each side
ot which is an obconical spot, followed by a small anterior spot, a
broad sublateral fascia, and two rounded spots in front of the
cruciform elevation black; abdomen above pale castaneous, the
three basal segments posteriorly narrowly cchraceous at the lateral
margins, posterior segmental margins piceous; sternum and
opercula in male pale ochraceous; face, legs, and abdomen beneath
brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation
either ochraceous or castaneous ; tegmina with the costal membrane
ochraceous, and the transverse veins at bases of second and third
apical areas infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,25; exp. tegm. 66 millim.
Hab. Burma; North Chin Hills ( Watson).
KHIMBYA. 141
B. Greatest breadth of tegmina about one-third their length.
b. Tympanal flaps almost as long as tympanal orifices.
b. Rostrum passing posterior cove.
1641. Khimbya sita, Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) Tr. E. S. 1881, p. 636;
Atkins, J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 226 (1885); Dist. Mon. Orient.
Cicad. p. 58, t. iv, f. 5, a, 6 (1890).
Pale brownish-ochraceous ; head with a central spot which is
furcate anteriorly and an oblique spot on each side of base of front,
area of ocelli, two transverse spots on lateral areas of vertex, and a
longitudinal line near inner margins of eyes black; pronotum with
two central longitudinal fascie united posteriorly, with a small
discal waved line on each side, and the incisures black; two
castaneous spots on each posterior lateral angle; mesonotum with
a central longitudinal fascia, on each side of this a subclavate,
smaller, and suboblique fascia, followed by two linear spots on
anterior margin, a discal waved irregular fascia on each lateral area,
and two spots in front of the cruciform elevation black; abdomen
with the segmental margins more or less piceous and with a lateral
segmental series of piceous spots; body beneath and legs
ochraceous and unicolorous, bases and apices of tarsi and apex of
rostrum piceous; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation basally
ochraceous and apically fuscous ; tegmina with the transverse veins
at bases of second and third apical areas infuscated, transverse
veins at bases of first and second ulnar areas fuscous, ochraceous
at their junction.
Length excel. tegm. 24; exp. tegm. 73 millim.
Hab. Bombay (Coll. Dist.). Karwar (Ind. Mus.).
ec. Tympanai flaps much shorter than tympanal orifices.
b'. Lostrum not reaching posterior cove.
1642. Khimbya diminuta, Walk. (Dundubia) List Hom. i. p. 74
(1850) ; zd. tom. cit. iv, t. i, f. 1 (1852) ; Dist. (Cosmopsaltria)
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 59, t. xii, f. 14, a, b (1890).
Head and thorax above dark ochraceous; head much suffused
with piceous; pronotum with two central longitudinal linear
fascize, on each side of which is a discal curved line, and the
incisures black, the lateral and posterior margins paler ochraceous
with somewhat confluent castaneous markings on each posterior
lateral angle; mesonotum with a central sublanceolate fascia, on
each side of which is a slender obconical spot, followed by a small
anterior spot and a broad sublateral fascia, and two small spots in
front of cruciform elevation black; abdomen above ochraceous,
much suffused with piceous on disk, the apex and some lateral
segmental spots also piceous ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
opercula dull stramineous ; face with the lateral striations, a spot
between face and eyes, bases and apices of tarsi, and apex of
142 CICADID®.
rostrum piceous; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation mostly
fuscous ; tegmina with the transverse veins at bases of second and
third ‘apical areas infuscated, and in some specimens with faint
and small marginal spots at apices of longitudinal veins to the
upper apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 19 to 20; exp. tegm. 50 to 55 millim.
Hab. Bombay (Divon). Karwar (Coll. Dist.). Tenasserim ;
Thaungyin (Bingham).
Genus LETHAMA.
Lethame, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 807 (1905).
Type, L. locusta, Walk.
Distribution. British India.
Head horizontal, as long as space between eyes, not. anteriorly
deflected, front very prominent, margins of front and vertex
obliquely subcontinuous ; pronotum as long as mesonotum, its
lateral margins oblique, sinuate, obscurely dentate ; abdomen con-
siderably longer than space between apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation ; tympana imperfectly covered, the flaps
shorter and narrower than the tympanal cavities ; rostrum about
reaching the posterior coxe ; anterior femora armed beneath with
two or three strong spines; opercula extending to more than half
the length of the abdomen, situate wide apart and on the lateral
abdominal areas ; tegmina broad, their greatest breadth more than
one-third of their length, apical areas eight, basal cell much
longer than broad.
1643, Lethama locusta, Walk. (Cephaloxys) List Hom. i. p. 236
(1850) ; Atkins. (Mogannia) J. dA. S. Beng. liii, p. 233 (1885) ;
Dist. (Dundubia) Mon. Orient. Cicad, p. 41, t. ix, f. 1, a, b
(1889).
Body brownish-ochraceous ; pronotum with the margins paler
Fig. 62.—Lethama locusta.
in hue ; mesonotum with two obscure obconical spots on anterior
margin, their outer edges black, and two small dark spots in front
BASA. 143
of cruciform elevation; lateral margins of the abdomen above
paler in hue and ornamented with a segmental series of black
spots; abdomen beneath paler in hue; head, sternum, legs, and
opercula ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation and
costal membrane of the first ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 34, 2 30; exp. tegm. 83 millim.
Hab. Bombay (Leith and Dixon).
In the specimen above figured the wings possess a short
supplementary apical area, making seven in all; this is, however,
purely varietal, and all the other specimens I have examined
possess six only.
Genus BASA.
Basa, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 309 (1905).
Type, B. singularis, Walk.
Distribuiion. India.
Head with front prominent and produced, its lateral margins at
right angles with anterior margins of vertex, its breadth between
eyes much narrower than base of mesonotum, its length about
equal to that of pronotum; pronotum a little shorter than meso-
notum, its lateral margins convex anteriorly and concavely sinuate
before posterior angles, which are ampliated; abdomen much
longer than space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation, its lateral areas obliquely depressed above ; beneath with
the disk somewhat flat and the marginal areas obliquely directed
-upward; tympanal flaps shorter, but not narrower, than tympanal
cavities ; opercula transverse and just passing base of abdomen;
anterior femora strongly spined beneath near apex ; anterior tibia
longer than femora, anterior tarsi more than half the length of
tibie ; tegmina and wings long and narrow, greatest width of the
first only equal to a third of length, its basal cell much longer than
broad, fourth ulnar area much compressed at base of third, apical
areas eight.
1644. Basa singularis, Walk. (Dundubia) List Hom. Suppl. p. 7
(1858) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lii, p. 225 (1885) ; Dist.
(Pomponia) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 72, t. vi, f. 4, a, 6 (1890).
Head and thorax above greenish-ochraceous ; head with marginal
striz to front, area of ocelli, and two transverse spots at apical
angles of vertex fuscous ; pronotum with two central longitudinal
piceous fascia, united posteriorly by a prominent arcuated spot,
the lateral areas brownish-ochraceous; mesonotum with four
somewhat obscure obconical spots, the outermost longest, a broken
sublateral fascia, a central lanceolate spot, and two spots in front
of cruciform elevation brownish-ochraceous ; abdomen with the
tympanal flaps, the central disk, and some obscure lateral spots
brownish-ochraceous ; body beneath and legs brownish-ochraceous ;
face, lateral margins of sternum, and opercula (in male) virescent ;
144 CICADID A.
tegmina and wings hyaline with a pale bronzy tint, the tegmina a
little darker, venation ochraceous; tegmina with the transverse
veins at bases of apical areas, irregular spots at apices of longi-
tudinal veins to apical areas, some nebulous apical spots, and a
Fig. 63.—Basa singularis.
waved line between bases of second ulnar and eighth apical areas
brownish-ochraceous ; a series of small fuscous spots on extreme
margins of both tegmina and wings.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 22; exp. tegm. 72 to 74 millim.
Hab. Darjiling (Stockholm Mus.) Sikhim (Pilcher, Brit.
Mus.).
Division GHANARIA.
Greanaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 383 (1905).
This division, at present represented by three Eastern genera,
is recognized principally by the following characters :—The
tegmina and wings are opaque and generally more or less brilliantly
coloured ; the lateral margins of the pronotum are neither
ampliated nor dilated; the tympanal orifices are largely exposed,
the tympanal coverings being a little narrower and much shorter
than the orifices and with their anterior margins convex.
Synopsis of Genera.
A, Tegmina with the venation normal; apical areas
eight.
a. Head longer than pronotum, front somewhat
porrectly produced.
a. Greatest breadth of tegmina more than one-
third! their lougth. semen Btahe Ais voiel te GANA, p. 145.
b, Head not longer than pronotum, obliquely
depressed in front of eyes.
b. Greatest breadth of tegmina only about one-
third their length . 3. \aesaee ee eee eee Bainta, p. 148.
B. Tegmina with the venation reticulate, ulnar and
apical areas broken up into many cellular
GiVvISIONS eho 5. sa \shels Shee Ree ere -... Ta .arnea, p. 150,
GHANA. 145
Genus GHANA.
Geana, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 463 (1848) ; Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p.4
(1866) ; Dest. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 104 (1892).
Type, G. maculata, Drury.
Distribution, Oriental and Malayan Regions, and found in
Eastern China.
Body long and moderately slender in the male, much shorter
in the female ; head (including eyes) about equal in width to base
of mesonotum, longer than pronotum, front somewhat porrectly
produced, ocelli about twice the distance from eyes as from each
other; pronotum with the lateral margins very slightly convex,
the posterior lateral angles moderately lobately produced ; abdomen
in male long, moderately slender, in the female only about as long
as space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;
tympanal coverings in male small, both narrower and much shorter
than the tympanal orifices ; opercula in male small, transverse, not
passing base of abdomen ; anterior femora strongly spined beneath ;
tegmina and wings opaque, the first with their outer margins some-
what convexly rounded, their greatest breadth more than one-third
their length.
1645. Geana maculata, Drury (Cicada), Ins. ii. p. 68, t. xxxvii. f. 1
(1778); Fabr. (Tettigonia) Syst. Ent. App. p.831 (1775) ; Amy.
&§ Serv. (Greana) Hém. p. 464 (1843) ; Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh.
1862, p. 483; Dust. Mon. Orrent. Cicad. p. 104, t. 11, f. 17, a, b
(1892).
Var. a. Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 104 (1892).
Var. consors, White (Geana) MS., Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 108, t. iii, f. 20, a, 6 (1892).
Fig. 64.—Geana maculata, var. consors.
Body above black; head with a spot between ocelli and eyes,
mesonotum with four discal spots, a spot on each lateral margin
and a spot on each side of cruciform elevation, and abdomen with
VOL, Ill. tf
146 CICADID_E.
the apical segmental margin ochraceous ; body beneath and legs
black ; a spot on each side of face, two small spots on each side of
inesosternum, and a small spot near posterior coxe ochraceous :
tegmina and wings black; tegmina greyish-brown towards apex
and with five ochraceous spots in two transverse series, two near
base and three about centre; wings with a broad transverse sub-
basal patch, followed by two contiguous spots near costal margin,
ochraceous, sometimes greyish, and with a submarginal series of
greyish-brown spots in apical areas; rostrum reaching posterior
cox ; opercula in male small and widely separated.
Var. a. Differs from the typical form by having the ochraceous
markings to the tegmina and wings replaced by pale greenish, the
upper basal spot of tegmina absent, the lower spot replaced by two
smaller ones; both tegmina and wings with a submarginal series
of small whitish spots, and a small one of the same colour in each
of the two upper ulnar areas.
Var. consors. In this variety the wings have a much larger basal
patch of either ochraceous or pale greenish; other markings to
tegmina and wings as in var. a, except that both basal spots are
present in tegmina as in typical form.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 35, 2 33; exp. tegm., ¢ & 2, 90 to
102 millim.
Hab. Sikhim. Assam; Naga and Khasi Hills (Chennell).
Margherita (Doherty). Samagooting and Dhansiri Valley (Ind.
Mus.). Burma; Karennee (/ea). Tonkin. China.
1646. Geana stellata, Walk. (Huechys) Ins.Saund., Hom. p. 27 (1858) ;
Atkins. J. A. 8S. Beng. lv, p. 154 (1886) ; Dist. (Geeana) Mon,
Orient. Cicad. p. 105, t. 111, f. 15, a, 6 (1892).
Var.a. Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 105.
3. Body with the colour and markings of G. maculata, bet with
the abdominal segment beneath somewhat broadly margined
with ochraceous; tegmina pale brownish-ochraceous, pale fuscous
on about apical third, base (including basal cell) blackish, a trans-
verse series of three large white spots inwardly margined with a
blackish suffusion near centre, a submarginal series of smaller
whitish spots in apical areas, and a still smaller spot in each of the
three upper ulnar areas ; wings blackish, a little paler between the
veins, with a pale spot at inner basal margin, a small discal
ochraceous streak, a series of four or five submarginal whitish
spots situate in the apical areas, and with the anal area greyish-
brown margined with fuscous; rostrum reaching the posterior
COXe.
Var. a. Q. Tegmina with the ochraceous replaced with a hue of
dark cinnamon, and the fuscous shadings nearly black ; wings jet-
black, with the pale markings as in typical form.
Length excl. tegm., ¢,38 9, 30; exp. teem, ¢ & 9,
98 millim.
Hab. Assam ; Khasi Hills (Chennell). Margherita (Doherty).
GHANA, 147
1647. Geana sulphurea, Hope (Cicada) in Royle’s Illustr. Bot.
Himal., Introd. p. liv, t. x, f. 2 (1889); Atkins. (Geana)
J.A.S. Beng. litt, p. 223 (1885); Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 105, t. iii, f. 22, a, 6 (1892).
Cicada pulchella, Westw. Are. Ent. ii, p. 34, t. lvii, f. 1 (1842).
Body black ; lateral margins of vertex of head continued beyond
inner margins of eyes, two oblique discal spots on each side of
pronotum, a transverse series of four linear spots to mesonotum,
and the margins of anal appendage ochraceous or reddish-ochra-
ceous ; body beneath and legs black; a fascia on each side of face,
sternal streaks, a spot near base of tegmina, posterior abdominal
segmental margins (obliterated centrally), and the anal appendage
ochraceous ; tegmina and wings sulphur-yellow ; tegmina with
the inner margin of costal membrane, a curved and inwardly
angulated fascia crossing near middle, and the whole apical area
(including the upper ulnar area) piceous, costal membrane yellow ;
wings with the apical area (broadly, and narrowing to anal angle)
piceous ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 35 to 37, 2 25; exp. tegm., ¢ &
©, 76 to 92 millim.
Hab, Sikhim (dnd, Mus.). Nepal (Coll. Dist.). Mussooree
(Mackinnon). Darjiling (Stockh. Mus.).
1648. Geana atkinsoni, Dist. A.M. N. H. (6) iii, p. 49 (1889); id.
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 107, t. ix, f. 10, a, 6 (1892).
' Head, pronotum, and mesonotum black; a transverse fascia
between eyes, posterior margin of pronotum, the margins of two
anterior obconical spots and lateral margins to mesonotum, and
the cruciform elevation ochraceous ; abdomen above and beneath
ochraceous ; head beneath, sternum, and legs black; apical half
of face, a transverse spot between face and eyes, and disk and
margins of sternum ochraceous ; opercula black, their base and
outer margin ochraceous ; tegmina black, the venation, a narrow,
oblique, transverse fascia near base, a straighter and wider trans-
verse fascia near middle pale ochraceous, two subapical spots and
a spot in the sixth apical area reddish-ochraceous (these spots are
inconstant); wings bright carmine-red, apical and_ posterior
margins and a subapical transverse fasciate spot black ; rostrum
reaching the posterior coxe.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 35, 2 30; exp. teem, ¢ & 9,80
to 85 millim.
Hab. Karwar (Coll. Dist.). Travancore (Coll. Dist.).
1649. Geana festiva, Fulr, (Tettigonia) Syst. Rhyng. p. 41. 42 (1803) ;
Stal (Geeana), Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 170 (1866); Dist. Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 106, t. iii, f. 18, a, 6 (1892).
Cicada thalassina, Guér. § Perch. Gen. Ins., Hém. t. 2 (1834),
Cicada percheroni, Guér. Ic. Regn. An., Ins. p. 355 (1838).
2
148 CICADID A.
Geeana consobrina, White, MS.
Var. a. Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 107 (1892).
Var. b. Dist. tom. cit. t. i, f. 19, a, 0.
Body above black ; ocelli and a broad fascia behind eyes reddish-
ochraceous ; margins of pronotum, four discal fasciz (of which
the two central ones are angulated) to mesonotum, and margins of
metanotum greenish-ochraceous ; body beneath and legs black ;
apical half of face anda spot between face and eyes reddish-
ochraceous; tegmina greenish-ochraceous, the radial area, a
transverse fascia crossing centre from apex of radial area (near
which is a large triangular spot), apex and outer and inner
margins, and two small spots near base piceous or black, the
black area at apex is more or less broken and sometimes includes
a small greenish-ochraceous spot; wings pale bluish-green, the
apex broadly black and containing a pale bluish spot, the margins
more narrowly black towards anal angle ; rostrum reaching “the
posterior coxe.
Var. a. Pronotum with a distinct central pale longitudinal
fascia.
Var. 6. Tegmina and wings with the black coloration much
increased ; teomina only exhibiting three irregular and angulated
ereenish spots, § sometimes a small subapical one ; wings with more
than the apical half black, enclosing three pale bluish spots.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 30, 2 26; exp. tegm., ¢ & 9, 76 to
78 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Ind. Mus.). Assam; south of Brahmaputra
(Chennell). Darjiling (Stockh. Mus.).—Sumatra. Amboina.
Genus BALINTA.
Balinta, Dist. A. M,N. H. (7) xv, p. 3883 (1905).
Type, B. octonotata, Westw.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of mesonotum and
as long as pronotum, obliquely depressed in front of eyes ;
pronotum about as long as mesonotum, its lateral margins sinuate,
the posterior angles moderately dilated ; abdomen in male much
longer than space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation ; tympanal coverings both shorter and narrower than
the tympanal orifices, which are most exposed inwardly ; opercula
in male small and transverse, widely separated, and not extending
beyond base of abdomen; rostrum reaching posterior coxe ;
anterior femora strongly spined beneath; tegmina and wings
opaque ; tegmina with their greatest breadth about one-third their
length and with eight apical areas.
1650. pate octonotata, Westw. (Cicada) Are. Ent. ii, P. 34, t. lvii,
2 (1842); Atkins. (Geana) J.A.S. Beng. liii, p. 221 (1885) :
ie Mon. Orient. Crcad. p. 107, t. iii, f. 12, a, 6 (1892).
, BALINTA, 149
Huechys picta, Walk. Ins. Sawnd., Hom. p. 28 (1858) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 155 (1886).
Var, a. Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 108 (1892).
Var. b. Dist. tom. cit. t. iii, f. 13, a, b.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum black; head with the basal
margin of front and basal margin of vertex dull dark ochraceous ;
basal margin anda transverse basal spot to pronotum, lateral
margins and two central angulated fascize to mesonotum connected
with the cruciform elevation, and the anterior and posterior angles
of the last dull dark ochraceous ; abdomen reddish-ochraceous
Fig. 65.—Balinta octonotata.
with a central black longitudinal fascia; head beneath, sternum,
and legs black, margins of face and abdomen beneath ochraceous ;
abdomen with base, a lateral series of spots, and base of sixth
abdominal segment black; tegmina dark shining fuscous, the
costal membrane and venation ochraceous, with four pale creamy
spots, situate one near base, two about centre, and one near costal
apex; wings sanguineous, with the apical and posterior margins
(not extending to anal area) fuscous.
Var. a. Basal spot to tegmina obliterated.
Var. 6. Basal spot to tegmina obliterated, and the two central
spots replaced by a narrow transverse fascia.
Length excl. tegm., 3, 25 to 27; exp. tegm. 60 to 64 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Ind. Mus.). Assam; Margherita (Doherty).
Burma (Bingham); Upper Regions (Coll. Dist.).
1651. Balinta tenebricosa, Dist. (Geana) Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvi,
p. 454, t. iv, f. 2, a, 6 (1888); 2. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 108,
t. ili, f. 14, a,b (1892).
Var. a. Dist. tom. crt. p. 108.
Head and pronotum ochraceous ; head with the anterior margin
and a basal spot to front, and a broad fascia between eyes, black ;
pronotum with a broad central longitudimal fascia (which is
widened and angulated anteriorly and posteriorly), followed on
each side by two spots, an oblique fascia, a patch at lateral margins,
and a spot on each side of posterior margin black ; mesonotum
150 CICADID A.
and abdomen black, the first crossed by two discal longitudinal
ochraceous fasciz, the anterior angles of cruciform elevation, and
a spot on each side of base of same ochraceous ; body beneath
and legs black; margins of the face and under surface of the
femora reddish- ochmaecous= a few obscure sternal ochraceous
spots; tegmina dark bronzy-brown, the costal membrane, the
venation, a : costal spot at base of upper ulnar area, beneath which
are two discal spots, and a subapical spot ochraceous; wings
bluish-black tinged with carmine; bases of both wings and tegmina
narrowly carmine-red.
Var. a. Tegmina only possessing the lower discal spot, the
other spots obliterated.
Length excl. tegm., d, 22; exp. tegm. 54 millim.
Hab. Burma; Teinzo (Fea).
1652. Balinta delinenda, Dist. (Geana) A.M. N. H. (6) i, p. 291
(1888) ; 2d. Mon. Orient. Cicad, p. 108, t. ii, f. 16, a, 6 (1892).
Huechys octonotata, Walk. (nec Westw.) List Hom. i, p. 253
(1851).
Body above brownish-ochraceous ; head with the apex of front
and a transverse fascia extending across area of ocelli black ;
pronotum with a central hourglass-shaped fascia, and two large
oblique spots on each side, black; mesonotum with a central
fascia (somewhat similar to that on pronotum) and a large spot on
each lateral margin black ; cruciform elevation black, its anterior
angles ochraceous; abdomen with the posterior segmental margins
black ; body beneath and legs brownish-ochraceous; disk of face
and a spot before eyes black ; ; tegmina pale brownish-ochraceous ;
wings reddish-brown, with about ‘basal third carmine-red.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 193; exp. tegm. 47 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (Brit. Mus.). Cochin (Coll. Dist.).
Genus TALAINGA.
Talainga, Dist. A.M. N. H. (6) v, p. 166 (1890); zd. Mon. Orient.
Cicad, p. 109 (1892).
Type, 7’. binghami, Dist.
Distribution. Burma, Tonkin, China.
@. Head (including eyes) a little narrower than base of
mesonotum, about as long as breadth between eyes, front globose
and prominent, shorter than vertex; pronotum about as long
as mesonotum, its lateral margins a little convex, angularly
incised before posterior angles which are amphated ; abdomen
somewhat cylindrical, longer’ than space between apex of head and
base of crucitorm plevationh: ; tympanal coverings small and lateral ;
anterior femora robustly spined beneath; tegmina talc-like, semi-
opaque, the apical half with the venation reticulate and forming a
mass of small cellular areas, sometimes the ulnar areas are crossed
TALAINGA. Silt
by transverse veins; basal cell about twice as long as broad ;
wings with the posterior margin deeply sinuate near abdominal area;
apical areas six, sometimes broken up by transverse veins into a
more numerous and reticulate series.
1653. Talainga binghami, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) v, p. 167 (1890); éd.
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 109, t. xiii, f. 4, a, 6, (1&92).
Body and legs black; eyes ochraceous, their posterior margins
pale sanguineous ; pronotum with the lateral margins and a curved
fascia on lateral areas behind eyes pale sanguineous, posterior
margin (excepting extreme centre) narrowly ochraceous ; abdomen
above with the segmental margins more or less greyishly pilose ;
Fig. 66.— Talainga binghami.
tegmina talc-like, semi-opaque, creamy-ochraceous, veins black
and margined with the same colour, the apical halves being
composed of numerous small black-margined cellular areas, costal
membrane ochraceous, basal cell shaded with black; wings pale
bluish-green, the venation more or less concolorous, excepting
that delimiting the more or less reticulate apical areas, margins
blackish from apex to the sinuation near abdominal area.
Length excl. tegm., 2, 23 to 26; exp. tegm. 70 to 77 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karen Hills (Bingham).
Division MOGANNIARIA
Moganniaria, Dist. 4. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 885 (1905),
Tegmina and wings hyaline, the tegmina spotted or in part
more or less brilliantly coloured; body ovate, more or less
attenuated anteriorly and posteriorly ; head with the front more or
less triangularly produced : tympanal flaps present, but incomplete,
the tympanal orifices in part exposed.
At present I include two genera in this division, one Neotropical
in habitat, the other (Mogannia) being well represented in British
India.
152 CICADID.A.
Genus MOGANNIA.
Mogannia, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 467 (1843) ; Stal, Hem. Afr. iv,
p. 5 (1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 118 (1892).
Cephaloxys, Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847, p. 294.
Type, VW. conica, Germ.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions, and found in East
China.
Body short, broad, robust; head conically produced, including
eves much narrower than base of mesonotum, as long or slightly
longer than pronotum, front as long or slightly longer than
vertex 3. pronotum narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, the lateral
margins oblique, not ampliated, the posterior lateral angles a little
lobately rounded; abdomen a little shorter or almost as Jong as
space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;
tympanal coverings small and rudimentary; anterior femora
spined beneath ; opercula in male small, usually obliquely convex
and not completely covering the cavities ; tegmina with their
basal halves usually more or less brilliantly coloured, sometimes
opaque, apical areas eight; wings with six apical areas.
1654. Mogannia conica, Germ. (Cicada) Thon’s Arch. ii. 2, p. 3%
(1830): Stél (Mogannia), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 488 ;
Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 122, t. xiv, f. 18, a, 6 (1892).
Mogannia illustrata, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 467, t. 1x, f. 4 (1845).
Cephaloxys hemelytra, Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, 1847, p. 295.
Mogannia indicans, ignifera, e¢ avicula, Walk. List Hom. 1,
pp- 249, 250 (1850) ; tom. cit. iv, t. ii, f. v (1852).
Mogannia recta, Walk. List Hom. Suppl. p. 89 (1858).
Mogannia histrionica, Uhler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1862,
), 283.
Mente venutissima, Sta, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh, 1865, p. 154.
Body and legs black, above with a more or less well-defined and
broken longitudinal, dull ochraceous fascia, extending from front
of head to apex of abdomen, and generally forming a more or less
distinct hourglass-shaped fascia on pronotum, in some specimens
this fascia is very indistinct; face and disk of abdomen beneath
brownish-ochraceous, margins of coxze and trochanters pale
ochraceous; tegmina pale hyaline; the basal halves fuscous and
semi-opaque, costal membrane and extreme base sanguineous ;
wings hyaline with their bases narrowly sanguineous.
Var. a, ignifera, Walk. Body and legs brownish-ochraceous :
basal opaque coloration of tegmina pale ochraceous, outwardly
margined with fuscous near costal margin.
Var. b. indicans, Walk. = histrionica, Uhler. Body black or
brownish ; tegmina with the basal opaque area containing a trans-
verse, curved, ochraceous or reddish fascia a little before its apex.
Var. c. allustrata, Amy. & Serv. Tegmina with the opaque basal
area outwardly margined with fuscous and with an apical
ochraceous spot.
MOGANNIA. 153
Var. d. The opaque coloration to tegmina uniformly reddish-
ochraceous, occupying nearly the whole of lower apical area and
outwardly margined with fuscous; lateral and posterior margins
of pronotum also ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ & 2,13 to 16; exp. tegm. 32 to 40 millim.
vi Hab, Assam; Khasi Hills (Chennell) ; Margherita (Doherty).
Tenasserim ; Thagata (/ea)—Java. Sumatra. Philippines. China.
The typical form and var. a, according to present knowledge,
appear to be best represented in British India.
1655, Mogannia cyanea, Walk. List Hom. Suppl. p. 40 (1858); Dist.
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 121, t. xiv, f. 15 a, 6 (1892).
Body and legs bright shining indigo-blue; intermediate and
posterior cox margined with dull ochraceous; tegmina pale
hyaline, basal half shining ochraceous; a spot at apex of radial
area and the venation of about apical half fuscous; wings pale
hyaline, the base narrowly ochraceous and the venation more
or less of the same colour; the conically produced front of head is
marginally very strongly pilose.
Length excl. tegm. 16; exp. tegm. 40 to 44 millim.
Hab, Assam; Margherita and Naga Hills (Doherty). Burma ;
Ruby Mines (Doherty).—North China.
1656. Mogannia funebris, S¢é/, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1865, p. 155; Dist.
Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvi, p. 455, t. iv, £1, a, 6 (1888); 2d.
Mon, Orient. Cicad. p. 122, t. xiv, f. 17, a, b (1892).
Brassy-black, fuscously pilose; tegmina and wings hyaline ;
tegmina with about basal half black, the basal cell and a fascia at
apex of the black basal area dull lutescent.
Var. a. Agreeing with the typical form, but not possessing the
pale fascia at apex of black basal area.
Length exel. tegm. 15 to 19; exp. tegm. 34 to 46 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (Stockh. Mus). Burma; Bhamo (Ja).
1657. Mogannia effecta, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) ix, p. 316 (1892) ;
id. Mon. Orient. Cicad, p. 122, t. xiv, f. 16, a, b (1892).
Mogannia effecta, Walk. MS.
Body and legs very dark bluish-black; tegmina and wings
hyaline, the venation fuscous ;
tegmina with the basal half
bluish-black, this colour broadly
margined at base, costal mem-
brane, claval area, and trans-
versely just before its extremity
with sanguineous.
Fig. 67.—Mogannia effecta. Vav.a. Black area of tegmina
streaked with pale fuscous, and
the sanguineous margins to same very dull on costal membrane and
almost absent on costal area.
154 CICADID&.
Var. 6. Venation in black area of tegmina sanguineous and
concolorous with the surrounding margins.
Length excl. tegm. 17 to 19; exp. tegm. 42 to 48 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Ind. Mus.). Assam; Naga Hills (Doherty).
Darjiling (Coll. Dist.)\—Sumatra.
1658. Mogannia obliqua, Walk. List Hom. Suppl. p. 89 (1858) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lui, p. 252 (1885); Dist. Mon. Orient.
Cicad. p. 119, t. xiv, f. 10, a, 6 (1892).
Body above pale greenish or greenish-ochraceous ; head with the
apex of front and the basal area piceous; pronotum with a central
triangular black fascia; mesonotum with a broad black central
fascia constricted near middle; body beneath, femora, and anterior
tibie and tarsi more or less piceous; intermediate and posterior
tibiee and tarsi pale greenish or greenish-ochraceous ; tegmina and
wings hyaline, the venation dull ochraceous or fuscous; tegmina
with the costal membrane pale castaneous, an oblique transverse
fuscous fascia extending from end of radial area to apex of lower
ulnar area (where it is more or less irregularly continued along inner
margin to base), basal cell, and base slightly suffused with pale
brilhant ochraceous and greenish ; extreme bases and lower basal
margins of tegmina and wings sanguineous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ & 9,11 to 14; exp. tegm. 44 to 50
millim.
Hab. Sikhim(/nd.Mus.). Assam; Brahmaputra(Chennell); Naga
Hills and Margherita (Doherty). Bengal; Mungphoo (Coll. Dist.).
Burma; Momeit (Doherty). Rangoon and Karennee (/va)— Java.
1659. Mogannia viridis, Sign. (Cephaloxys) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847,
p- 294; Stal, Ofv. Vet-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 483 ; Dist. (Mogannia)
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 119, t. xiv, f. 8, a, 6 (1892).
Cephaloxys rostrata, Walk. List Hom. i, p. 233 (1850).
Body and legs virescent, inclining to ochraceous or, in some
specimens, reddish-ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation olivaceous or ochraceous, usually resembling the hue of
the body; tegmina slightly suffused with greenish or ochraceous at
base, the costal membrane generally reddish-ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ & 9,15 to 18; exp. tegm. 45 to 47
millim.
Hab, Bengal; Mungphoo (Coll. Dist.). Assam; Niga Hills
and Margherita (Doherty). Burma; Momeit (Doherty).—Malay
Peninsula. Java.
Subfamily III. TIBICININ &.
Tibicininee, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 304 (1905) ; ante, p. 57.
In this subfamily the tympana are completely exposed, the
tympanal coverings being entirely absent.
The genera comprised in the Tibicinine are of universal
distribution.
GRAPTOTETTIX. 155
Division HUECHYSARTIA.
Huechysaria, Dist. 4. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 481 (1905).
Tegmina and wings opaque or semiopaque; lateral margins of
the pronotum neither amplhate nor dentate ; abdomen moderately
robust but not transverse, longer than space between apex of head
and base of cruciform elevation; tympana completely exposed,
tympanal coverings entirely absent ; tegmina with the apical areas
variable in number, either eight or fen, or variably fluctuating
between those numbers.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Head with the face longitudinally sulcate.
a. Head (including ey es) narrower than
base of mesonotum.
a. Tegmina with ten apical areas, in
_some varieties only nine.
. Head longer than pronotum, front
produced, but not excavated.
a’. Mesonotum (including cruciform
elevation) longerthan pronotum. GRAPTOTETTIX, p. 155.
b. Head (including eyes) as wide as base of
mesonotum.
6. Tegmina with eight apical areas, in
some varieties nine or ten.
. Head about as long as pronotum.
B. Mesonotum (including cruciform
elevation) scarcely longer than
PU OVOGUMAN hy epenrsieleaieterer hehe . HveEcuys, p. 157.
B. Head with the face not suleate ..... ... SCIEROPTERA, p. 158,
Genus GRAPTOTETTIX.
Graptotettix, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 4 (1866); zd. Berl. ent. Zeit.
x, p. 170 (1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 109 (1892).
Type, G. guttatus, Stal.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Body moderately long and robust; head (including eyes) narrower
than base of mesonotum, front long, convexly and somewhat flatly
produced, a little shorter than vertex, the lateral margins of both
discontinuous ; pronotum a little shorter than head, its lateral
margins nearly straight, the posterior lateral angles lobately
produced; mesonotum Y (including cruciform elevation) longer than
pronotum ; abdomen longer than space between apex of head and
base of cruciform elev ation; tympana completely exposed, tympanal
coverings entirely absent ; opercula in male short, broad, not
extending beyond base of abdomen ; ; anterior femora strongly
spined beneath ; tegmina more or less opaque, apical areas usually
ten, sometimes “only nine in number, basal cell much longer than
broad ; wings semi-opaque or subhyaline.
156 CICADID.E,
1660. Graptotettix guttatus, S¢é, Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 170 (1866) ;
Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 110, t. iii, f. 21, @, 6 (1892).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum black ; front of head, ocelli,
and two large oblique spots (sometimes fused) on each lateral area
of the pronotum bright ochraceous ; mesonotum with two small
very obscure central obconical spots, and with a large ochraceous
spot on each lateral area; abdomen above pale castaneous, in some
specimens tinged with ochraceous; head beneath, sternum, and
Fig. 68.— Graptotettix guttatus.
legs black ; face bright ochraceous; opercula and abdomen pale
castaneous ; tegmina fuscous-brown, opaque, the venation ochra-
ceous; extreme base, sometimes basal cell, and the costal membrane
piceous; wings shining, bronzy, semi-opaque, extreme base piceous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 30, 2 27; exp. tegm., d & 9,70 to
73 millim.
Hab, Sikhim (Jnd. Mus.). Bhutan; Maria-Basti (Durel).
Assam ; Naga Hills (Doherty).
1661. Graptotettix thoracicus, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) ix, p. 315
(1892) ; td. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p, 110 (1892).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum bright pale ochraceous ;
abdomen pale sanguineous; pronotum with the posterior, lateral,
and anterior (as far as behind eyes only) margins castaneous, and
with two narrow, jet-black, central, discal, curved fascia; meso-
notum with four eastaneous obconical fasciz, the central pair
smallest; abdomen above ochraceous near base; body beneath
and legs sanguineous; head beneath, anterior cox, and lateral
margins of sternum ochraceous; spots to cox black; (in the
specimen described the apex of one posterior femur and its tibia
is almost black, the other posterior Jeg is uniformly sanguineous) ;
tegmina and wings semi-hyaline, more or less tinged with casta-
neous (in the specimen described more so on one tegminum and
wing than on the other), the venation ochraceous or castaneous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 28; exp. tegm. 75 millim.
Hab. Burma; Momeit (Doherty).
~J
HUECHYS. 15
Genus HUECHYS.
Huechys, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 464 (1843) ; Stal, Hem. Afr. iv,
p. 4 (1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 111 (1892).
Type, H. sanguinea, De Geer.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Body of moderate size, somewhat slender ; head (including eyes)
about equal in width to base of mesonotum, front convexly some-
what flatly produced, shorter than vertex, their lateral margins
discontinuous ; pronotum as long as head, its lateral margins a
little convex, the posterior lateral angles sometimes distinctly
produced; mesonotum (including cruciform elevation) scarcely
longer than pronotum ; abdomen longer than space between apex
of head and base of cruciform elevation, the tympana completely
exposed, tympanal coverings absent ; opercula in male small and
transverse ; anterior femora strongly spined beneath; face more
or less longitudinally sulcate ; tegmina more or less opaque, apical
areas usually eight, sometimes nine or ten in number; wings
semi-opaque or semi-hyaline ; apical areas six.
1662. Huechys sanguinea, De Geer (Cicada), Mém. iii, p. 221,
t. xxxiii, f. 17 (1773); Amy. § Serv. (Huechys) Hém. p. 465
(1843); Dist. Mon. Orient. Ciead. p. 111, t. iii, f. 2, a, 6 (1892).
Tettigonia sanguinolenta, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 681. 15 (1775) ;
Oliv. (Cicada) Enc. Méth. v, p. 756 (1790).
Var. a. philremata, Fabr. (Tettigonia) Syst. Rhyng. p. 42. 47
(1803); Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 112, t. iii, f. 2, a, b (1892).
Stoll, Cig. fig. 62.
Var. b. Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 112 (1892).
Var.c. testacea, abr. (Tettigonia) Mant. Ins. ii, p. 267. 23
(1787); Dist. Mon. Orrent. Cicad. p. 112 (1892).
Stoll, Cig. f. 41 ec.
Body and legs black ; front and face to head, two large spots to
mesonotum (sometimes fused and covering the whole disk) and
Fig. 69.—Huechys sanguinea.
the abdomen sanguineous, base of abdomen narrowly black ;
tegmina black, opaque ; wings shining fuscous, sometimes almost
black, interior of anal area always paler; rostrum passing the
intermediate cox.
158 CICADID A.
Var. a. philemata, Fabr. Differs from the typical form of the
species in having the tegmina fuscous, not black, and by the wings
being paler fuscous and more hyaline.
Var. 6. Tegmina black, with greyish-white streaks in the apical
areas and sometimes in ulnar areas ; wings blackish with greyish-
white streaks.
Var. ¢. testacea, Fabr. Mesonotum unspotted, uniformly black ;
teomina more or less streaked with greyish-white.
Length excl. tegm., d & 9, 17 to 25; exp. tegm. 43 to
65 millim.
Hab, Sikhim (dnd. Mus.). Assam; Brahmaputra (Chennell).
Calcutta (Stockh. § Ind. Muss.). Burma; Rangoon; Kakhien
Hills (Fea). Tennasserim ; Thagata (ea); Myitta (Doherty).—
Malay Peninsula. Sumatra. Borneo. Timor Laut. China.
‘**In the Malay Peninsula this species is diurnal and flies about
among bushes in the open at midday” (Annandale, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1900, p. 862).
1663. Huechys thoracica, Dist. J. A. S. Beng. xlviii, p. 39, t. ii,
f. 3 (1879); td. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 115, t. ii, f. 3,a,6
(1892).
Black ; front and face to head, a central hourglass-shaped
fascia to pronotum, a central and two lateral spots to mesonotum,
abdomen, and sternum sanguineous; margins of front, a broad
central fascia to face, and some sternal spots black; tegmina pale
fuscous and semi-opaque; wings semi-hyaline, slightly tinged with
fuscous; the venation dark fuscous; rostrum just passing the
intermediate coxe.
Length excl. tegm., 9,17 to 20; exp. tegm. 39 to 50 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karen Hills and Ruby Mines (Doherty). Tennas-
serim (Limborg) ; Myitta (Doherty).
1664. Huechys hematica, Dist. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvi, p. 454,
t. iv, f. 5, a, 6 (1888); 2d. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p, 116, t. xiv,
f. 4, a, b (1892).
Body above and beneath sanguineous ; pronotum with a large
oblique black spot on each lateral area; eyes dull ochraceous ;
legs castaneous ; tegmina pale greyish-brown, with darker suffusions
along the veins, base narrowly sanguineous ; wings pale bluish-
grey, with darker suffusions along the veins, bases narrowly
sanguineous ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe.
Length excl. tegm., 9 , 20; exp. tegm. 45 millim.
Hab. 'Tenasserim ; Mt. Mooleyit (fea).
Genus SCIEROPTERA.
Scieroptera, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 4 (1866) ; 2d. Berl. ent. Zett. x,
p. 169 (1866) ; Dest. Mon. Orient. Cread. p. 117 (1892).
Type, S. splendidula, Fabr.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
SCIHROPTERA. 159
Head (including eyes) a little broader than base of mesonotum,
front subconically, flatly produced, shorter than vertex, the lateral
margins of both discontinuous; pronotum longer than head, its
lateral margins slightly convexly oblique, the posterior lateral
angles distinctly produced; mesonotum (including cruciform
elevation) not longer than pronotum ; abdomen longer than space
between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation; tympana
entirely exposed, tympanal coverings altogether absent ; opercula
in male small and transverse ; anterior femora strongly spined
beneath; face not longitudinally sulcate; tegmina more or less
opaque, apical areas eight, basal cell longer than broad; wings
hyaline, apical areas six.
1665. Scieroptera splendidula, Fubr. (Tettigonia) Syst. Ent. p. 681
(1775); Oliv. (Cicada) Enc. Méth. v, p. 756 (1790); Stal
(Scieroptera), Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 169 (1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient.
Cicad. p. 117, t. xiv, f.5, a,b (1892).
Var.a. cuprea, Walk. (Huechys) J. Linn. Soc., Zool. x, p. 95
(1868).
Var. b. trabeata, Germ. (Cicada) Thon’s Arch, ii, 2, p. 89 (1830).
Var. c. Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 117 (1892).
Var, d. Dist. tom, ert. p. 118.
Black; margins and a central fascia to pronotum and meso-
notum ochraceous; cruciform
elevation ochraceous, its cen-
tral area black ; lateral margins
of sternum ochraceous ; abdo-
men and femora (excluding
apices) reddish - ochraceous ;
abdomen frequently with a
central, dorsal, longitudinal,
Fig. 70.—Scieroptera splendidula. black macular fascia ; tegmina
piceous or very dark fuscous ;
wings hyaline, very slightly tinged with ochraceous.
Var. a. cuprea, Walk. Costal membrane of tegmina ochraceous.
Var. b. trabeata, Germ. Tegmina paler than in var.@; ground-
colour of pronotum purplish in place of black; front of head
marked with purplish.
Var. c. Tegmina as in var. a, but legs and face uniformly
ochraceous. : 5
Var. d. As in var.c, but the tibie and tarsi blackish ; head with
the margins of front and the lateral areas of vertex ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 12 to 20; exp. tegm. 32 to 53 millim.
Hab. Sikhim. Assam; Margherita (Doherty); Khasi Hills
(Coll. Dist.) Burma; Momeit (Doherty). Tenasserim (Coll.
Dist.)—Java. Borneo. Celebes. China.
A very variable species ; but the variation does not constitute
local races; the only limitation, according to present knowledge,
being the restriction of the form trabeata to Java, but this is
probably not constant.
160 CICADID”.
1666. Scieroptera crocea, Guér. (Cicada) Voy.‘ Favorite,’ v, p. 159,
t. xlv, f. 3 (1829); zd. Voy. ‘ Coquille,’ Zool. ii, p. 182 (18380) ;
Stal (Scieroptera), Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 169 (1866); Dist. Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 118, t. xiv, f. 6, a, b (1892).
Var. a. Dist. Mon. Orient. Criead. p. 118 (1892).
Closely allied to S. splendidula, of which it may ultimately be
proved to be but another variety, and from which it differs by the
tegmina being semi-hyaline and very pale ochraceous, with the
venation darker ochraceous; face black, with the margins
ochraceous.
Var. a. Face altogether pale castaneous; legs ochraceous.
Length excl.tegm., ¢ & 9,15 to 20; exp. tegm. 40 to 57
millim.
Hab. Bombay (Leith).—Sumatra. Java. Borneo.
1667. Scieroptera fumigata, S¢ti/ (Huechys), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh.
1854, p. 244; zd. (Scieroptera) Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 169 (1866) ;
Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 118, t. xiv, f.7 (1892).
Black: two central lines to pronotum flavescent ; margins of
pronotum and mesonotum, abdomen and femora testaceous, the
abdomen with a central, longitudinal, black dorsal fascia ; tibiee and
tarsi piceous; tegmina fuscous or vinaceous-brown, the venation
and costal membrane dull ochraceous; wings semi-hyaline, the
venation ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ & 9,12 to 19; exp. tegm. 28 to 43
millim.
Hab. North Bengal (Coll. Dist.).. Assam ; Margherita (Doherty).
Division CARINETARIA.
Carinetaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 485 (1905).
In this division the pronotum is distinctly narrowed anteriorly,
never louger than the mesonotum, sometimes much shorter; the
lateral pronotal margins are oblique, not ampliate; the body is
more or Jess robust, narrowed towards head and apex of abdomen ;
abdomen sometimes very short; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
first in a few cases semi-opaque, but usually clear and frequently
unspotted.
Only one genus of this division is found in British India, the
other genera belong to the Neotropical and Ethiopian Regions.
Genus KARENIA.
Karenia, Dist. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvi, p. 457 (1888) ; id. Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 126, 1892.
Type, K. ravida, Dist.
Distribution. Burma and China.
Head depressed, rounded, a little narrower than anterior margin
KARENIA, 161
of pronotum, including eyes considerably narrower than base of
mesonotum, front broad, about as long as vertex at area of ocelli ;
pronotum more than twice as broad as long, longer than head,
but much shorter than mesonotum, the lateral margins ampliated
and obscurely toothed; mesonotum very large, the cruciform
elevation elongated ; abdomen in male short and robust, not longer
than pro- and mesonota together; tympanal coverings entirely
absent ; opercula in male small and widely separated ; anterior
femora strongly toothed beneath; tegmina and wings hyaline,
the first with their greatest breadth more than one-third their
length, apical areas eight, and somewhat short; wings with six
apical areas.
1668, Karenia ravida, Dist. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvi, p. 458
(1888) ; zd. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 126, t. xii, f. 6, a, 6 (1892).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum olivaceous; head with a
curved spot at anterior angles of vertex, area of ocelli, and a
linear spot on each side of same piceous; pronotum with the
Fig. 71.— Kurenia ravida.
centres of anterior and inner posterior margins, the incisures,
two central fasciz not reaching anterior margin, a short central
line at anterior margin, a spot on each anter‘or lateral margin,
and two spots on posterior margin piceous or black ; mesonotum
with two central obconical spots, between which is an indistinct
central longitudinal line, a somewhat effaced broad fascia on each
lateral area, two spots in front of cruciform clevation, and the
posterior margin of same piceous or black abdomen above
olivaceous, much shaded with piceous; body beneath and legs
olivaceous ; a spot at base of each antenna, apices of anterior
femora, tibize (more or less), anterior and intermediate tarsi, and
apex of abdomen piceous or black ; tegmina und wings hyaline,
venation brownish-olivaceous, the first with transverse veins at
bases of second, third, fifth, seventh, and eighth apical areas
infuseated, and a marginal series of fuscous spots at apices of
longitudinal veins to apical areas. ia
Length excl. tegm., gd, 27 5 exp. tegm. 87 millim.
Hab. Burma; Kakhien Hills (7a).
VOL, III.
162 CICADID®.
Division 77BICINARIA,
Tibicinaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 22 (1905).
In this division the abdomen is more or less cylindrical and
attenuated posteriorly ; anal appendages usually very prolonged
and prominent. their lower plate as a rule more longly porrect
than their upper one ; pronotum generally more or less distinctly
narrowed anteriorly * ; tegmina somewhat tale-like and obscurely
wrinkled, their SH as breadth always more than one-third of
their length, both tegmina and wings always prominently
sanguineous or reddish-ochraceous at base.
The genera in this division are of a very homogeneous
character, possess a common facies, and are widely distributed.
Four genera are at present included in the 7%bicinaria, only one of
which is found in British India.
Genus PAHARIA.
Paharia, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 25 (1905).
Type, P. lacteipennis, Walk.
Distribution, At present known only from the northern districts
of India.
Head moderately narrow, its breadth (including eyes) narrower
than base of mesonotum, and about equal to its length including
cruciform elevation, front prominent, as long as vertex ; pronotum
much longer than head, convex, laterally depressed, obliquely
narrowed anteriorly, its posterior angles strongly lobately produced ;
mesonotum strongly deflected on each side ; abdomen in female
about as long as space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation; tympana completely exposed, tympanal coverings
entirely absent ; abdomen beneath with the lateral margins stronely
recurved and very prominent: anterior femora robust and very
strongly spined beneath ; posterior tibiae spined on each side for
about half their length; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe ;
tegmina and wings tale-like in type, obscurely wrinkled, the first
broad, with the apical areas somewhat short and eight in number,
the basal cell about twice as long as broad, narrower at apex than
at base; wings with six apical areas.
1669. Paharia lacteipennis, Walk. (Cephaloxys) List Hom. i. p. 237
(1850) ; Atkens. (Mogannia) J. A. S. Beng. liii, p- 233 (1885) ;
Dist. (Tibicen) Mon. “Orient. Cicad. p. 129, t. x, f 5, a, b, t. xii,
f. 10, a, 6 (1892).
2. Head piceous, thickly greyishly pilose, basal marginal areas
of front and a small spot on each vertical margin ochraceous ;
* Except in the Nearctic species Tibicina septemdecim.
PATARIA. 163
pronotum ochraceous, thickly greyishly pilose, the oblique incisures,
two small central basal spots, and inner basal margin black ;
mesonotum ochraceous, with four obconical spots (the two inner-
most smallest), a central lanceolate fascia, and two small spots in
front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen black, the posterior
segmental margins regularly, shortly, greyishly pilose; head
beneath, sternum, and legs ochraceous, greyishly pilose, legs less
pilose ; abdomen beneath with a somewhat pale olivaceous tinge,
Fig. 72. —Paharia lacteipennis,
the lateral margins ochraceous with black spots; tegmina and
wings lacteous, semi-opaque, talc-like, the venation mostly fuscous ;
‘extreme base and costal membrane of tegmina ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., 2, 33; exp. tegm. 96 millim.
Hab. * North India” (Stevens, Brit. Wus.).
This species is at present known only by the unique female
type.
1670. Paharia casyape, Dist. (Tibicen) A. M. N. H. (6) i, p. 374
(1888); 7d. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 128, t. xiv, f. 20, a, 6 (1892).
2. Head black, margins of front, the ocelli, a small central
basal spot, and the anterior margins of vertex testaceous-red ;
pronotum testaceous-red, the margins and two central longitudinal
lines black ; mesonotum black, two central ‘antler ”-shaped
fascie, the lateral margins, and the basal cruciform elevation
(excluding anterior angles) testaceous-red ; abdomen above black :
body beneath black, somewhat greyishly pilose; face red, its
central longitudinal suleation black ; rostrum black, its base red ;
legs red, the femora streaked beneath with black; tegmina and
wings hyaline, talc-like, finely wrinkled, their bases narrowly
testaceous-red margined with piceous, venation piceous, costal
membrane of tegmina ochraceous, piceous near base ; rostrum
reaching the intermediate coxe.
Length excl. tegm., 2, 35; exp. tegm. 90 millim.
Hab. Kashmir Valley (Leech).
M 2
164 CICADID®.
1671. Paharia reticulata, Dist. (Tibicen) A. M. N. H. (6) i, p. 574
(1888) ; 7d. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 128, t. xiv, f. 21, a, b (1892).
2. Head black, apex of front, anterior lateral margins of
vertex, and a narrow central longitudinal line testaceous-red ;
pronotum black, the margins and two large contiguous spots on
each lateral area testaceous-red; mesonotum black, the margins,
the cruciform elevation, and two irregular subconical spots on
anterior margin testaceous-red: abdomen black; body beneath
and legs black, somewhat greyishly pilose; margins of face, under
surfaces and apices of femora, tibie and tarsi (excluding bases
and extreme apices), spots and other markings to sternum, and
abdominal segmental margins testaceous-red ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, talc-like, finely wrinkled, their bases narrowly testaceous-
red margined with piceous ; costal membrane to tegmina reddish-
ochraceous ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe.
Length excl. tegm., 2, 295; exp. tegm. 70 millim.
Hab. Panjab ; Gilgit (Coll. Dist.).
Division TAPHURARIA*,
Taphuraria, Dist. A. M.N. H. (7) xvi, p. 25 (19085).
Eyes projecting beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum ;
pronotum subquadrate, not distinctly narrowed anteriorly as it is,
with few exceptions, in the Z%bicinaria ; abdomen about as long as
space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation? ; a
more or less distinct posterior metasternal process visible in males
between or at the base of the opercula.
This division includes a large number of genera very widely
distributed ; perhaps, but not certainly, absent from the Nearctic
Region.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Wings with six apical areas.
a. Tegmina with transverse vein at base of
second apical area nearly vertical.
a. Front of head a little shorter than ver-
tex, their margins continuous; the
front not produced, and about, or
nearly, twice broader than long .... AsBroma, p. 165.
a'. Front of head about as long or a little
shorter than vertex, their margins dis-
continuous and almost at right angles
to each other; the front prominent,
not nearly twice as broad aslong.... LemuRrIANA, p. 166.
B. Wings with five apical areas ....:....... PanKka, p. 168.
* Founded on the Neotropical genus Taphura.
* Except in the Ethiopian genus Malagasia, and in Kanakia, at present repre-
sented by a species from New Caledonia.
ABROMA., 165
Genus ABROMA.
Tibicen, subgen. Abroma, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 27 (1866).
Abroma, Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeit. xxxv, p. 111 (1890).
Type, A. guerint, Sign., from Mauritius.
Distribution. Neotropical, Ethiopian, Oriental, and Malayan
Regions, and found in New Caledonia.
Head (including eyes) wider than base of mesonotum, the eyes
projecting beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum, front of
head a little shorter than vertex, the margins of both more or less
continuous, the front not prominently produced and about, or
nearly, twice broader than long, ocelli little more apart from eyes
than from each other; pronotum about as long as head, the lateral
margins not ampliated, nearly straight, the posterior angles
moderately dilated ; mesonotum (including cruciform elevation)
about as long as head and pronotum together; abdomen mode-
rately robust, the tympana completely exposed ; opercula in male
short, oblique, passing base of abdomen; rostrum passing the
intermediate cox ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first about
three times as long as broad, with eight apical areas, and with the
transverse vein at base of second apical area nearly vertical ; wings
with six apical areas.
1672. Abroma maculicollis, Gwér. (Cicada) Voy. ‘Coquille, Zool. p. 183
(1880) ; Athins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 230 (1885) ; Dist. (Tibicen )
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 131, t. xiv, f. 23, a, 6 (1892).
Body fuscous-brown or castaneous ; head with the margins of
front and vertex, a central hourglass-shaped fascia to pronotum,
four obconical spots to mesonotum (the central pair shortest)
Fig. 73.—Abrona maculicoliis.
fuscous or dark eastaneous ; body beneath and legs pale castaneous,
the face darker, and the anterior marginal area to eyes greyishly
tomentose; tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the former with the
costal membrane pale castaneous; opercula in male small and
lobately directed inwards; the rostrum, passes the intermediate
COX.
166 CICADID
Length excl. tegm., gd & 9, 20; exp. tegm. 55 to 56 millim.
Hab. Bengal (fide Guérin). Ceylon (Gr cen).—Malay Penin-
sula; Perak (Doherty). Borneo; Kina Balu ( Whitehead).
1675. Abroma bengalensis, sp. n.
3. Body brownish-ochraceous; head with the apex of front,
area of ocelli, and a spot at each anterior angle of vertex, pronotum
with a central longitudinal fascia (widened posteriorly) and the
incisures, and the mesonotum with four obconical spots (of which
the two central ones are shortest) castaneous ; posterior margins
of eyes and posterior margin of pronotum piceous; cruciform
elevation stramineous; abdomen above with its lateral areas
piceous, a large basal spot on each lateral area, posterior margin
of apical segment, and the anal appendage stramineous; head
beneath and sternum longly greyishly pilose, abdomen more
shortly pilose; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous-
brown ; tegmina with the costal membrane brownish-ochraceous ;
head with the front much broader than long, its width about equal
to the length of each lateral margin of vertex; tegmina long,
about three times longer than their greatest width; rostrum just
passing the intermediate cox ; lateral areas of the face oblique,
strongly transversely striate.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 17; exp. tegm. 58 millim.
Hab. Bengal; Kurseong (Coll. Dist.).
1674. Abroma nubifurca, Walk. (Cicada) List Hom. Suppl. p. 28
(1858) ; Sta (Tibicen), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 485; Dist.
A, M. N. H. (G) ix, p. 325 (1892).
Cicada apicalis, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 131, t. v, f.1
(1891).
Head and thorax above castaneous-brown, abdomen piceous,
both greyishly pilose; pronotum with a central longitudinal
fascia and the lateral and posterior margins obscurely ochraceous ;
mesonotum with two small obscure, central, ochraceously-margined
spots; body beneath pale fuscous-brown, ‘legs and opercula pale
ochraceous, the whole greyishly pilose ; teomina and wings pale
hyaline, the venation fuscous; tegmina w ith the costal membrane
pale ochraceous, a spot at apex of radial area, transverse veins at
bases of the first and second apical areas, and an apical spot
fuscous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ & 9, 12 to 14; exp. tegm. 32 to 40
millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy (Green).
Genus LEMURIANA.
Lemuriana, Dist. A, M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 32 (1905).
Type, Z. apicalis, Germ.
LEMURIANA, 167
Distribution, Ethiopian and Oriental Regions.
Head (including eyes) broader than base of mesonotum ; head
with the front prominent, not twice as broad as long, about as
long or a little shorter than vertex, its margins and those of
vertex discontinuous, eyes projecting beyond the anterior angles
of pronotum, which is about as long as head, its lateral margins
sinuate, its posterior angles moderately ampliate; mesonotum
(including cruciform elevation) nearly as long as head and pronotum
together ; abdomen about as long as space between apex of head
and base of cruciform elevation; tympana entirely exposed ;
opercula in male short, narrow, transverse ; posterior metasternal
process distinct, in male produced between the inner angles of the
opercula ; anterior femora strongly spined beneath; tegmina and
wings hyaline ; tegmina with the two upper ulnar areas as long as
the remaining ulnar areas, apical areas eight; wings with six
apical areas.
1675, Lemuriana apicalis, Germ. (Cicada) Thon’s Arch. ii, 2, p. 44
(1830); Sib. Rev. Ent. ii, p. 63 (1864); Stal (Tibicen), Ann.
Soc. Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 618; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 131,
t. xii, f. 15, a, b (1892).
Cicada semicincta, Walk. List Hom. i, p. 142 (1850).
Head above black, sometimes with a castaneous spot on front ;
pronotum castaneous, with the margins and a central hourglass-
shaped fascia black ; mesonotum castaneous, with three obconical
black spots, the central spot
shortest and bifid ; abdo-
men black, with a greyish-
white tomentose spot on
the lateral margins of both
the first and second ab-
dominal segments, and a
similarly coloured basal mar-
gin to the sixth and some-
Fig. 74.—Lemuriana apicalis, times also to the fifth seg-
ment; body beneath black ;
the legs pale ochraceous, the femora more or less castaneous above ;
lateral areas of the sternum ochraceous and greyishly tomentose ;
margins of the opercula and lateral areas of the abdomen pale
castaneous. (In some specimens the mesonotum, opercula, and
abdomen beneath are wholly black.) Tegmina and wings hyaline,
venation mostly fuscous; tegmina with the costal membrane
ochraceous and with an apical fuscous spot.
Length excel. tegm., ¢, 17; exp. tegm. 48 millim. ;
Hab. Mussooree (Mackinnon). Bombay (Ind. Mus.) ; Karwar
(Coll. Dist.).
168 CICADID ©.
Genus PANKA.
Panka, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 34 (1905).
Type, P. simulata, Dist.
Distribution. Kthiopian and Oriental Regions.
Head (including eyes) about as wide or a little wider than base
of mesonotum, its length not equal to breadth between the inner
margins of eyes; pronotum longer than head, its lateral margins
nearly straight, its posterior lateral angles subdentately produced ;
abdomen in female a little longer than space between apex of
head and base of cruciform elevation ; anterior femora strongly
spined beneath ; tegmina and wings hyaline ; tegmina with eight,
wings with five apical areas.
1676, Panka simulata, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 34 (1905).
Tibicen nubifurea, Dist. (excl. syn.) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 131,
t. xiv, f. 24, a, d (1892).
Closely resembling <Abroma
nubifurca, Walk. (ante, p. 166),
in fact almost indistinguishable
from that species save by the
structural character of the vena-
tion to the wings, which possess
only five apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., 2,11 to
13; exp. tegm. 31 to 38 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Matate (Green).
This simulation or resemblance between species of different
genera is in the Cicadide not confined to the above species. In
South Africa three species of very distinct genera are inseparable
except for the structural generic characters,
Fig. 75.—Panka simulata.
Division PARNISARIA*.
Parnisaria, Dist. 4. M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 203 (1905).
This is a division or large group of genera allied to the
Taphuraria, but differing principally by the size and position of
the eyes, which do not project, or at least not distinctly so, beyond
the anterior angles of the pronotum; the abdomen is usually short,
except in a few cases, not longer than the space between the apex
of head and base of cruciform elevation.
Only one genus can at present be included in the fauna of British
India.
* Founded on the Neotropical genus Pariisa.
QUINTILIA, 169
Genus QUINTILIA.
Tibicen, subgen. Quintilia, Std, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 28 (1866).
Quintilia, Kar sch, Berl. ent, Zeit. 26.6.0rr up TUL i890).
Type, Q. rufiveniris, Walk., a South African species.
Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Regions, also recorded
from China.
Head (including eyes) narrower than base of mesonotum, the
front not prominently projecting, about as broad as length of
lateral margins to vertex, the margins of both more or less con-
tinuous, vertex a little longer than front ; pronotum about as long
as head, posterior angles broadly ampliate ; mesonotum (including
cruciform elevation) about as long as head and pronotum together ;
abdomen moderately robust; tympana completely exposed; opercula
in male very short and transverse; rostrum passing the inter-
mediate coxee ; tegmina and wings hyaline, sometimes semi-opaque,
the first about, or nearly, three ’ times as long as greatest breadth,
basal cell usually about twice as long as broad, apical areas eight ;
wings with six apical areas.
1677. Quintilia subvitta, Wadk. (Cicada) List Hom. i, p. 222 (1850) ;
Athins. J. A. S. Beng. lili, p. 230 (1885) ; Stal (Tibicen), Ofv.
Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 485 ; Dist. Mon, Orient. Cicad. p. 129,
Gaxily tf. L/0a, 0: (1892);
Cicada strigosa, Walk. Ins. Saund., Hom. p. 19 (858).
Body above black ; head with a small spot on lateral margins of
‘ vertex and a central spot at base, pronotum with the anterior and
posterior margins, a central longitudinal fascia, the incisures
(sometimes the lateral areas),
mesonotum with faint outlines
of the margins of two central
obconical spots, and the apices
of the cruciform elevation ochra-
ceous ; margins of abdominal
segments and basal area of last
abdominal segment castaneous ;
Fig. 76.—Quintilia subvitta. body beneath with the lateral
margins of the face, sternal spots,
opercula, and disk of abdomen ochraceous ; legs black, considerably
spotted and streaked with ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline,
venation mostly fuscous ; tegmina with the outer edge of costal
membrane and extreme paces ochraceous, basal cell, a short fascia
crossing apex of radial area and maculately continued to apex of
interior ulnar area, transverse veins at bases of apical areas, and a
small apical spot piceous ; wings with extreme base ochraceous, a
fascia crossing bases of apical areas, a spot at anal angle, and base
ot anal area fuscous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 16; exp. tegm. 45 millim.
Hab. Mussooree (Mackinnon). N.W. Himalaya (Coll. Dist.).
Sikhim (dnd. Mus.).
170 CICADIDZ.
Division CHLOROCYSTARIA*,
Chlorocystaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 212 (1905).
In this division the abdomen in the males is always more or
less inflated or dilated, with a central longitudinal dorsal ridge,
and longer than the space between the apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation ; the head (including eyes) is a little narrower
than base of mesonotum ; tegmina always longer than body, their
greatest width only about a third of their length.
Only one genus can at present be included in this fauna.
Genus KUMANGA.
Kumanga, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 216 (1905).
Type, K. sandaracata, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Head with the front narrow, about as long as broad, including
eyes narrower than base of mesonotum; pronotum narrowed
anteriorly ; mesonotum (including cruciform elevation) slightly
shorter than head and pronotum together; abdomen in male
longer than the space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation ; tympana entirely exposed; opercula completely covering
the sonorous cavities and projecting beyond the lateral margins
of the abdomen as seen from above ; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate cox ; tegmina and wings hyaline; tegmina with eight
apical areas, seventh and eighth about equally long, basal cell about
twice as long as broad ; wings with six apical areas.
1678. Kumanga sandaracata, Dist. (Beeturia) Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen.
xxvi, p. 458, t. iv, f. 4 (1888) ; 2d. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 15},
to Vil, te 95.02, 08 (1892);
Fig. 77.—K:
g umanga sandaracata.
g. Body above, sternum, and legs pale testaceous ; abdomen
beneath ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation and
* Founded on an Australian genus.
MELAMPSALTA, 7
the costal membrane of the first pale testaceous ; rostrum reaching
the intermediate coxe.
Length excl. tegm., 3, 30; exp. tegm. 72 millim.
Hab. Burma; Teinzo ( Fea).
i have seen only one specimen of this species, which is now
contained in the Genoa Museum.
Division MELAMPSALTARIA.
Melampsaltaria, Dist. 4. M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 269 (1905).
This division is very easily recognised by the distinct venation
of the tegmina, in which the upper vein of the lower ulnar area
is more or less fused with the lower vein to the radial area, this
union being continued for some distance from the apex of the basal
cell.
Two genera are found in British India.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Wings with six apical areas ............ MELAMPSALTA, p. 171.
B. Wings with five apical areas ............ Pavropsatra, p. 174.
Genus MELAMPSALTA.
Melampsalta, Kolenat. Mel. Ent. vii, p. 27 (1857) ; Budll. Soc. Nat.
Mosc. xxx, p. 425 (1857); Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 42 (1866);
Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeit. XXXV, pp. 112 & 125 (1890).
Melampsalta (Mélampsalte), Amyot, Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847, p. 155
551).
cietie, Kolenat. Mel. Ent. vii, p. 19 (1857); Ball. Soc. Nat.
Mose. xxx, p. 417 (1825).
Cicadetta (Cigalette), Amyot, Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. 1847, p . 156 [352].
TVettigetta, Kolenat. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxx, p. 42 2} (i955.
Tettigetta (Tettigette), Amyot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847, p. 156
[B52].
Type, WZ. musiva, Germ.
Distribution. Of almost universal distribution, but apparently
not found in the Neotropical Region.
Considerable difficulty appertains to the nomenclature of this
genus. It was first named by Amyot (scarcely described) supra,
and takes precedence of the name Cicadetta which he used in a
succeeding page. Kolenati described the genus, but had previously
also described Cicadetta, which, if we take Kolenati as the real
founder, must have priority. However, J follow Stal, Karsch, and
other writers in giving the name Melampsalta precedence, as given
by Amyot. I have failed to separate Cicadetta from Melampsalta :
if we compare the type of the first, the Cicada montana, Scop.,
with the type of Melampsalta (supra) a difference appears in the
position of emergence of the upper vein of the lower ulnar area ;
but much as I endeavoured to thus break up a congested genus,
Wg2 CICADID®.
my efforts failed, and the differences became evanescent when a
long series of species was examined.
Head about as long as pronotum, the front broad, its margins
discontinuous with the lateral margins of the vertex, which is
longer than front and is centrally longitudinally suleate, ocelli
rather nearer to eyes than to each other, eyes scarcely projecting
beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum; pronotum with the
lateral margins almost straight, the posterior angles moderately
amphate ; mesonotum (including cruciform elevation) almost as
long as head and pronotum together; abdomen a little longer
than space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;
tympana entirely exposed; opercula in male short, not passing
base of abdomen; tegmina and wings hyaline; tegmina with the
upper vein of lower ulnar area emitted at some distance from
base of radial area, apical areas eight, postcostal area moderately
broad ; wings with six apical areas.
1679. Melampsalta musiva, Germ. (Cicada) Thon’s Arch. ii, 2, p. 43
(1230); Stal (Melampsalta), dan. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 619
Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeit. xxxv, p. 123 (1890).
Melampsalta musiva, var. caspica, Kolenat. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose.
xxx, p. 425 (1857).
Cicada tamarisca, Walk, Zoologist, xxviii, p. 2405 (1870).
Head and mesonotum ochraceous, pronotum tinged with testa-
ceous ; head much shaded with black, especially on vertex, margins
of front, and in two transverse spots on lateral margins of vertex ;
pronotum with the margins and a central longitudinal fascia
ochraceous, the margins of the latter (ampliated anteriorly and
posteriorly) and the inner margins black; mesonotum with four
obconical spots (the two central ones short, more or less fused,
outwardly incomplete, and connected with a subtriangular spot in
front of cruciform elevation) black; centre of cruciform elevation
black ; abdomen brownish-ochraceous, greenishly pilose, posterior
segmental margins ochraceous and with a central series of piceous
or black spots; body beneath and legs paler than above; two
central fascie to face, space between face and eyes, rostrum
(excluding base), and shadings to under surface of anterior femora
piceous or black; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with the
venation more or less fuscous, the costal membrane pale ochraceous
outwardly margined with fuscous; wings with the venation
ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ & 2, 20 to 23; exp. tegm. 50 to 57
millim,
Hab, Quetta (nd, Mus.).—South-eastern Palearctic Region.
1680. Melampsalta continuata, Dist. (Cicadetta) A. W. N. H. (6) i,
p» 375 (1888); zd. (Melampsalta) Jon. Orient. Cicad. p. 148,
t. xv, f. 9,a, b (1892).
2. Head and thorax above dull black, sparingly greyishly
MELAMPSALLA, 173
pilose; head with the anterior margin, the ocelli, a central
linear longitudinal fascia (widened posteriorly) to pronotum, and
the pronotal margins dull
ochraceous; mesonotum with
two long longitudinal discal
fascie, the lateral margins,
and cruciform elevation (ex-
cluding centre) dull ochra-
ceous ; abdomen above casta-
neous-brown, greyishly pi-
lose, the posterior segmental
margins paler in hue, their
extreme edges ochraceous,
and with an obscure, central,
narrow, longitudinal black fascia ; bedy beneath and legs reddish-
ochraceous; head beneath and discal area of face black; tegmina
and wings pale hyaline, their bases narrowly reddish-ochraceous,
venation more or less olivaceous; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate coxze ; face broad and tumid.
Length excel. tegm., 2, 15 to 18; exp. tegm. 38 to 45 millim.
Hab. Quetta (Colls. Atkins, §° Dist.).
Apart from its smaller size and different coloration, this species
may be distinguished from M,. musitva by the much shorter upper
apical area to tegmina.
i
ic
.—Melanpsalta continuata.
168i, Melampsalta literata, Dist. (Cicadetta) A. MW. N. H. (6) i,
p. 375 (1888); zd. (Melampsalta) Mon, Orient. Cicad. p. 143,
t. xv, f. 8, a, 6 (1892).
2. Head black, with the lateral and anterior margins narrowly
ochraceous ; pronotum piceous or dull castaneous, the lateral and
posterior margins narrowly ochraceous; mesonotum ochraceous,
with four obconical black spots (the
two innermost small and fused),
a large spot in front of cruciform
elevation and the centre of same
black ; abdomen above dull black,
the posterior segmental margins
narrowly and obscurely dull red-
dish; body beneath ochraceous,
Fig. 79.—Melampsalta literata, Sternum much shaded with dull
black ; face black, with an anterior
triangular spot and the lateral margins ochraceous ; abdomen with
a central longitudinal series of black spots ; legs ochraceous, femora
and tibize streaked with piceous; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation olivaceous or fuscous; rostrum not extending beyond
the intermediate coxie.
Length excl, tegm., 9,12; exp. tegm. 37 millim.
Hab. Washmir Valley, 6300 feet (Leech, Coll. Dist.).
174 CICADID®.
Genus PAUROPSALTA.
Pauropsalta, God. § Frogg. Proc. Linn. Soc. N,. 8. Wales, 1904,
p. 615,
Type, P. mneme, Walk., an Australian species.
Distribution. Probably widely distributed in the Eastern Hemi-
sphere, and, according to present knowledge, most largely repre-
sented in the Australasian Region.
This genus is closely allied to Melampsalta, from which it has
very properly been separated by Goding and Froggatt by the
venation of the wings, which possess only five, instead of six,
apical areas.
1682. Pauropsalta exequata, Dist. (Melampsalta) Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 144, t. xv, f. 11, a, 6 (1892). ;
@. Body above dull ochraceous and finely pilose; head (ex-
cluding lateral margins of vertex and a spot at base) piceous ;
pronotum with a small central dark spot at base, and with a
central incised line which does
not reach the anterior margin ;
mesonotum with a large obconical
black spot on each lateral area
and two very small spots in front
of cruciform elevation ; abdo-
men with the base narrowly
fuscous, and with two more or
Fig. 80.— Pawropsalta exequata, less distinct discal longitudinal
macular fuscous fascie; body
beneath and legs dull ochraceous, with a broad fuscous fascia
extending from face to apex of abdomen; face fuscous, with the
lateral margins ochraceous ; apices of the femora, tibive, and tarsi
fuscous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous or
ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., 9,14; exp. tegm. 37 millim.
Hab. Assam; Naga Hills (Doherty).
EFULGORID2. Wid
Family FULGORID.
Fulgoride, Leach, Edin. Ency. ix (1817); Westw. Mod. Class. Ins.
li, p. 427 (1840) ; Feb. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xvi, p. 497 (1866) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 127 (1885); Melich. Hom. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 10 (1905) ; Hansen, Entomologist, 1903, p. 93.
Fulgorelle, ZLatr. Gen. iii. p. 163 (1807); Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.
1839, pp. 183 & 202.
Fulgorina, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii, 1, pp. 102 & 144 (1835).
Fulgorida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 128 (1866).
Ocelli two, rarely three or none, one on each gena, third (when
present) placed on apex of front; genz reflexed, very often sepa-
rated from the front by a ridge; tegmina at base with a tegula
which is hidden, but seldom absent; anterior coxz inserted near
the sides of the body, very often elongate, posterior pair transverse,
contiguous, extending to the lateral margins of the body.
The above characters were those relied upon by Stal. Hansen,
who microscopically studied the family, or at least some repre-
sentatives of it, after alluding to the two great divisions of the
Fulgoridzx, in which the subfamily Delphacine is distinguished from
the other subfamilies by the possession of a mobile spur at the
apex of the posterior tibiz (as pointed out by Stal), also discovered
that the sensory organs on the second peduncular segment or
joint of the antenne are furnished with bristles in the Delphacine,
-but in the Pulgorine with lamellar lobes (‘ blades”), which are
sometimes feebly, but generally very well developed.
Hansen is dissatisfied with Stal’s division of subfamilies as
here, and usually by other workers, followed ; but as his criticisms
are based on minute and microscopical characters, not yet fully
elucidated, and difficult of apprehension save by advanced morpho-
logical students, we must await a fuller enunciation of his system
before attempting to apply it to a purely faunistic publication like
the present one. The value of Hansen’s work is undoubted, but
its application at present, owing to its incomplete character, is
impossible. We therefore follow Stil in his arrangement of
subfamilies, a matter of considerable difficulty as they are ill-defined.
Synopsis of Subfaniilies.
I. Anal area of wings reticulated, the ridge
separating the front from the gene con-
tinued on the sides of the clypeus...... Fulqorine.
II. Anal area of wings very rarely reticulate,
when so, the clypeus convex without
lateral ridges.
A. Posterior tibize without a mobile spur
at apex.
a. Face broad, transverse, or almost
equally broad as long, amplified on
both sides in a distinct angle; an-
176 FULGORID &.
terior legs compressed, more or less
dilated ; anal area of wings some-
times reticulated)... eee ... Burybrachydine.
a’. Face not laterally angulate; legs very
often simple; anal area of wings
never reticulate.
b. Clavus very rarely granulate, acumi-
nate at apex, rarely somewhat
obtusely but distinctly closed, two
veins remote or very remote from
the apex, sometimes behind middle
of clavus united in one; costa
very rarely dilated; tegmina
sometimes abbreviated or connate
with clavus and corium.
e. Claval vein not reaching apex,
united with commissural margin
hear apex; tegmina sometimes
abbreviated, or connate with
clavus and corium, when so, the
lateral margins of the clypeus
are carinate.
d. Face without an apical ocel-
lus; lateral margins of the
clypeus always carinate or
BCULO unt air .rerenrsie-statts incr: Dictyopharine.
a’. Usually three ocelli, one of
which is situate on the apex
of the front; frontal ocellus
very rarely wanting, and it
so, the sides of the clypeus
are convex and not carinate . Ciwiine.
e’. Claval vein continued to the
apex itself, or united with the
claval suture near apex; teg-
mina sometimes abbreviated, or
connate with clavus and corium,
when so, the lateral margins of
the clypeus are not carinate.
e. Head narrower than the thorax;
sides of the clypeus carinate ;
last joint of rostrum elongate ;
thorax angularly emarginate
at base; tegmina amplhated
inwardly behind the clavus:
posterior tarsi with the first
joint elongate tye ria oe Achilinw.
e'. Head narrowerthan the thorax;
sides of clypeus without a
ridge or with an obtuse ridge;
FULGORIDE,
thorax very often angularly
emarginate at the base, very
rarely roundly sinuate, trica-
rinate ; lateral ridges diverg-
ing, very often reaching the
base; commissural margin of
tegmina straight or rounded
behind the clavus; costa
sometimes dilated, costal mem-
brane usually transversely
veined ; first joint of posterior
tarsi elongate .....3..03 3: Tropiduchine.
e*, Head very often narrower than
the thorax ; sides of clypeus
sometimes carinate ; last joint
of rostrum short or very
short ; thorax posteriorly an-
cularly emarginate, ecarinate,
or furnished with an obsolete
ridge; costa simple; posterior
tibie very often unarmed,
rarely spinose ; first joint of
posterior tarsi elongate .... Derbine.
e°. Head narrower than thorax;
sides of clypeus carinate ;
rostrum short, stout, last
joint very short; thorax
truncate at base, carinate or
tuberculate on disk; __ first
joint of posterior tarsi robust,
only moderately long ...... Lophopine.
e* Head not or only a little nar-
rower than the _ thorax;
clypeus very often convex,
lateral margins very rarely
furnished with a_ ridge;
thorax truncate at base,
rarely broadly roundly-sinu-
ate, without a median ridge
or with only an obsolete one ;
mesonotum short, rarely twice
longer than pronotum ; teg-
mina coriaceous or subcor-
neous, rarely vitreous, very
rarely flat, more or less
convex, sometimes very much
abbreviated ;_ first joint of
posterior tarsi short, or mode-
rately short, very rarely elon-
gate’ ..... 3. deabaieet orale pang teen Issine.
VOL, III. N
178 FULGORID2®.
e'. Head broad or very broad,
sometimes somewhat nar-
rower than the thorax ; sides
of clypeus very otten without
a ridge; thorax posteriorly
rounded, sinuate, without
ridges, or furnished only with
an obsolete median ridge ;
mesonotum very large, long ;
tegmina flat, ample, or very
ample; costa dilated; costal
membrane transversely veined
or reticulate ; posterior tibi
spinose; first joint of poste-
rior tarsi short, or somewhat
Shorty gis ceteris Shs bic tivess epeuers Ricaniine.
b’. Clavus granulate, apex sometimes
subacute and closed, sometimes
very obtuse and broadly open,
with two veins separated through
the entire length or united in one
hear apex; costa dilated, costal
membrane transversely veined ;
clavalisuture idistimeti. ee. .c-n « Platine.
B. Posterior tibiz with a mobile spur at apex. Delphacine.
Subfamily I. FULGORIN.
Fulgorides, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 488 (1843).
Fulgorida, St@, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 129 (1866); zd. Stett. ent. Zeit.
Xxxl, pp. 255 & 282 (1870).
Fulgorina, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 740.
As pointed out in the synopsis, this subfamily may be recog-
nized by having the anal area of the wings reticulated, and the
ridge separating the front from the gen continued on the sides of
the clypeus.
Division LATERNARIARIA*.
This division contains those genera whose species possess a
strong porrect cephaiic precess or anterior prolongation of the
head, often as long as the remaining portion of the body, but
sometimes shorter than the abdomen.
The purpose and structure of this process has occasioned much
attention and speculation. It was at one time considered to have
luminous properties, a conclusion promulgated by the well-known
Neotropical traveller and naturalist, Madame Merian, and after-
wards supported by Wesmael and Spinola. The evidence to the
contrary is, however, culminative and conclusive. In a_ paper
* Founded on the Neotropical genus Laternaria, Faby.
PYROPS. 179
“On a probable Explanation of an Unverified Observation rela-
tive to the Family Fulgoride ” (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1895, pp. 429 et seq.),
I have endeavoured to reconcile these contrary statements of
trustworthy observers by the suggestion of the sometime and
infrequent presence of parasite and luminous micro- organisms, as
have been found to have caused the luminosity of Midges (Chiro-
nomidze) and Valitrus, a genus of crustacea (Amphipoda).
Another purpose of this cephalic process has been predicated by
Mr. Annandale (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 867) as a method of pro-
pulsion, and, to use his words, ‘if the tip of the nose and the dorsal
surface of the abdomen were pressed together between the finger
and thumb and then suddenly released, the insect would not fall
straight to the ground, but would be propelled for some distance
through the air before doing so; just as would be the case if a
piece of whalebone were treated in like manner.” This has since
been disputed by Mr. Fletcher (‘ Entomologist,’ 1901, p. 50).
Synopsis of Genera,
A. Genie before eyes rounded or roundly subtrun-
cate ; apex of face profoundly sinuate ; meso-
notum not centrally carimate ; cephalic process
SUNATO Nb Mierctan se erecta leistys ocho lee ole Gousha eis! s 73. PYRORS, a. 179:
B. Gene before eyes truncate ; apex of face only
moderately or slightly sinuate: mesonotum
centrally carinate ; cephalic process more or
less curved.
a. Face not laterally rounded near apex; teg-
mina always nearly completely, or with more
than apical third, furnished with transverse
small veins or veinlets,
a. Cephalic process gradually, not suddenly,
narrowed from a little in front of eyes;
tegmina moderately broad, their greatest
width more than a third of their length,
their apical margins more or less convexly
OUTGSG RRS po aebe choo ece s.++ SELGORA, p. 182:
). Cephalic process suddenly narrowed from a
little in front of eyes; tegmina somewhat
narrow, their greatest breadth less than a
third of their length, their apical margins
more or less obliquely subtruncate...... Salva, p. 192.
b. Tace, laterally, somewhat roundly ampliate
near apex; tegmina with only third or apical
area furnished with remote transverse small
veins or-veinlets) (2. 6.. 2.40200 oapnas, PADCATHOUS. p. 197,
Genus PYROPS.
Pyrops, Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1889, p. 231; Amy. & Serv. Hém.
p. 491 (1843) ; Stal, Hem. Afr. iv. pp. 13: & 139 (1866) ; Atkins.
J. A. 8S. Beng. liv, p. 189 (1885) ; Dist. Tr. E. S. 1893, p. 443.
Zanna, Kirk. J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bomb. xiv, p. 47 (1902) ; Melich.
Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 15 (1905).
Type, P. tenebrosus, Fabr., an Ethiopian species.
A
180 FULGORIDE.
Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Regions.
In a monographie list of the species of this genus (1893) I
wrote—*To those who maintain that the first described or
enumerated species of a genus is to be taken as the type of that
genus, it would appear that a new generic name is required, for
the first species cited is the Mulgora candelaria, Linn., which is
undoubtedly not a Pyrops in the sense universally used. However,
all but some recent Homopterists have followed Spinola’s second
division as typical, and no useful end would be served in disturbing
the arrangement.” Subsequently Kirkaldy (1902) proposed the
substitution of the generic name Zanna for the group of species
which had hitherto been represented by the genus Pyrops, a disturb-
ance in nomenclature for wlich we can see no adequate reason.
The characters of Pyrops are as follows :—Head forwardly pro-
duced in a long process, as long or longer than the abdomen,
its apex obliquely truncate, behind the eyes furnished with a
subconical or subtriangular callosity, vertex transversely convex,
continued to the apex of the process ; eves small; second joint of
antenne short and thick; pronotum and mesonotum moderately
transversely convex, not ridged, the pronotum gradually anteriorly
narrowed, scarcely or very slightly sinuate at base; tegmina
almost entirely reticulate, valvate or lobate behind the clavus ;
legs robust, short, the anterior trochanters shortly spinous.
A, Abdomen above fulvous or ochraceous.
1683. Pyrops dohrni, S¢é, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1858, p. 449; Dist.
Tr. E. S, 1893, p. 447; Kirk. (Zanna) J. Bomb. N. H. Soc, xiv,
p- 48, pl. A, f. 3 (1902).
Pyrops mustelinus, Dist. A. M. N. H. (5) xii, p. 248 (1883),
Zanna punctata, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 14, t.i, f. 3 (1903).
Body and tegmina above and beneath very pale ochraceous, the
head, pronotum, mesonotum, sternum, tegmina, and legs minutely
Fig. 81.—Pyrops dohrii.
black-spotted ; tegmina with the veins darker ochraceous; abdo-
men cretaceously pilose, especially and prominently on the poste-
rior segmental margins ; anal appendage black, thickly and closely
PYROPS. 181
cretaceously pilose on its lateral areas; wings pale creamy white,
the veins pale ochraceous; femora ochraceous, annulated with
black near apex, and with a few small black spots between the
annulation and base; tarsi with the apices of the joints more or
less fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 34; head 143 to 15; exp. tegm. 49 to 55
millim.
Hab. Madras Province; Trivandrum. Ceylon (Green).—Java
(Coll. Dist.).
Dr. Melichar (supra) has unfortunately plunged this species
into the greatest confusion. He has referred to it as punctata,
Oliv., a well-known Ethiopian species, and one which Olivier
described from Stoll’s figure, representing a species which Stoll
stated was from the coast of Guinea. Melichar (mixing two
African species) also quotes in his synonymy Germar, Gray, and
Spinola; all which three authors give the proper Ethiopian
habitat. But Melichar goes farther; he places Pyrops dohrni,
Stal, as a synonym of Sazva coccinea ‘of Walker (well figured by
Kirkaldy), to w hieh it has absolutely no resemblance. This error
the difference in coloration alone should have prevented. More-
over, Stal himself, when he examined Walker’s types, stated that
“ Hotinus coccineus, Walk.= Hotinus quttifer, Stal” (Ofv. Vet.-Ak.
Forh. 1862, p. 485).
B. Abdomen above black.
a. Head including cephalic process about as long as abdomen
and only prominently punctate on its basal area.
1684. Pyrops chinensis, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1893, p. 448.
Head, thorax, tegmina, and legs sordidly greyish, very slightly
tinged with ochraceous; cephalic process with a few black spots,
more numerous on its basal area, its apical margin ochraceous ;
thorax somewhat thickly spotted with black ; abdomen black, more
or less tinged with cretaceous, the posterior segmental margins
obscurely brownish; legs prominently and irregularly spotted
with black; tegmina thickly spotted with black, the spots slightly
larger and more prominent on anterior and apical areas, the vena-
tion ochraceous ; wings lacteous, the venation pale brownish-
ochraceous ; cephalic process about as long as the abdomen, its
apex obliquely truncate and moderately excavate, exhibiting eight
narrow longitudinal carine, some of which are much waved and
become obscure towards base.
Length excl. tegm. 34 to 35; head 14; exp. tegm. 60 to 65
millim.
Hab. Naga Hills (Doherty).—China ; Chia-Hou-Ho (Coll. Dist.).
Besides differing in colour from the preceding species, P. chi-
nensis may also be differentiated by the more robust cephalic
process.
182 FULGORID&.
1685. Pyrops chennelli, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, body beneath, legs, and tegmina pale ochra-
ceous; head coarsely blackly punctate, sparingly above at base,
and more thickly so on basa! half of each lateral area; thorax
above and sternum sparingly blackly punctate; femora with a
subapical macular black annulation, the tibize blackly punctate
beneath ; abdomen above black, the posterior segmental margins
ochraceous, abdomen beneath more or less shaded with piceous ;
tegmina finely spotted with black, the spots alittle larger on upper
half, smaller and denser on the posterior half ; wings lacteous with
the venation ochraceous; head including caphalic process about
as long as abdomen, the central carine faint both above and
beneath, the apex ridged, and with a subapical ridge connected
with the apex by a longitudinal carina, face strong, marginally
ridged.
Length excl. tegm. 25; head 10; exp. tegm. 47 millim.
Hab. Assam; Naga Hills (Chenvnell).
aa. Head including cephalic process longer than abdomen and
prominently punctate nearly throughout its entire length.
1686. Pyrops affinis, Westw. (Fulgora) Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 144,
t. xii, f.6 (1841) ; Dest. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1893, p. 448 ; 2d. (part.)
Kirby, J. Linn, Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 133 (1891).
Pyrops punctata (part.), Walk, List Hom. ii, p. 268 (1851);
ad. (part.) Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 140 (1885).
This species is allied to the preceding (P. chennelli), from which it
differs by the head including cephalic process being coarsely blackly
punctate nearly throughout its entire length, and also by being
considerably longer than the abdomen; the abdomen beneath is
blackly muculate, not suffused with piceous.
Length excl. tegm. 27 to 28; head 12 to 124; exp. tegm. 51 to
58 * millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Coll, Dist.).
This species appears to have been originally described and
figured from one of Gen. Hardwicke’s drawings of the haustellated
insects of Nepaul, now contained in the library of the British
Museum.
Genus FULGORA.
Fulgora, Linn. Syst. Nat. (ed. xii.) i, p. 703 (1767) ; Stal, Hem. Afr.
iv, p. 1383 (1866).
Hotinus, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 490 (1843).
Pyrops, Kirk. J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiv, p. 47 (1902); Melich.
Hom, Faun. Ceylon, p. ii (1908).
* According to Westwood’s figure.
FULGORA. 183
Type, #. candelaria, Linn.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions, exten ng north to
China.
There have been some renewed attempts to supplant the name
of this well-known and interesting genus, which if there was
sufficient ground for so doing would still be a misfortune in
nomenclature. In 1764 Linneeus proposed his genus Laternaria,
which Kirkaldy affirms is a synonym of Fulgora, Linn. (1767), and
which he rejects as lacking description. But Linneus denoted
Laternaria by reference to figures in Merian and Rosel, and fixing
the type as LZ. phosphorea, Linn., afterwards referred to it under
Fulgora (1867) as laternaria, Linn. It certainly seems pedantry
to refuse to recognize any old genus fixed by reference to
good figures, and to put in its place one only insufficiently and
vaguely described, as was usual in the writings of the early
entomologists. Moreover, Laternaria represents a genus of
Neotropical insects possessing a striking and peculiar facies, not
in any way to be confused with that of Fulgora. I have given a
synopsis of the species of Laternaria (cf. Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Rhynch. Hom. i, p. 22, 1883). Fulgora, Linn. (1767), has its type
in /. candelaria, Linn., the second species previously included in
Laternaria (1764). Amyot and Serville (1848), not recognizing
Laternaria, proposed the genus Hotinus and as its type candelarius,
a course previously adopted by Spinola (1839), when he used the
same species as the type of the first division of his genus Pyrops.
. Westwood, Stal, Butler, Atkinson, and the present writer have
always recognized the genus as Fulgora, and by this name there is
abundant reference to it in natural history publications.
Fulgora, as described by Stal, is to be recognized by the ‘vertex
much broader than the eyes; head furnished with a long process,
rounded or subtetragonal; gene truncated before the eyes; front
slightly sinuated at apex, furnished with 2-3 longitudinal ridges ;
legs slender; mesonotum (scutellum of Stal) slightly carinate ;
cephalic process more or less curved.” Other characters are given
in the generic synopsis (ante, p. 179).
1. Apex of cephalic process not strongly globose.
A. Wings ochraceous with the apical areas black.
a. Head and cephalic process ochraceous, measured from apex
to eyes as long as from anterior margin of mesonotum to
abdominal ape.
1687. Fulgora candelaria, Linn. (Cicada) Acta Holm. p. 63, t. i, ff. 5 &
6 (1746); ad. (Laternaria) Mus, Lud. Ulr. p. 153 (1764) ; td.
(Fulgora) Syst. Nat. (ed. xii.) i, p. 703 (1767); Fabr. Syst. Ent.
p- 678 (1775) ; Oliv. Enc. Méth.vi, pp. 568 & 593, t. cix, f. 3 (1790) ;
Germ. (Flata) Mag. iii, p. 189 (1818); Spin. (Pyrops) Ann. Soc.
184 FULGORIDZ.
Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 238; Amy. & Serv. (Hotinus) Hém. p. 491
(1843); Westw. (Fulgora) 7. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 188 (1841) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 128 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) brownish-ochraceous above,
a little paler (especially at base) beneath, minutely spotted with
white, the apex ochraceous ; pronotum and mesonotum brownish-
ochraceous, the first with two indented discal spots, and
the latter with four anterior cbconical and two oblique discal
spots, black; metanotum, abdomen above, sternum, and legs
ochraceous, spots to metanotum, lateral segmental spots to abdomen
above, anal appendage, anterior and intermediate tibie and tarsi,
and abdomen beneath black, the last with the posterior segmental
margins, lateral margins, and sexual organs ochraceous ; tegmina
piceous, with closely reticulate pale olivaceous venation, with an
Riakraswyria to 4)
NAUSEA SS Na as
Fig. 82.—Fulgoria candelaria.
ochraceous transverse fascia with pale margins near base, two
similar fascize often medially fused near centre, followed by two
transverse series of spots and an apical cluster of ochraceous spots;
wings ochraceous, with the apical area broadly biack; cephalic
process considerably upwardly recurved, its apex a little compressed,
measured from angle of apex to eyes about as long as from
anterior margin of mesonotum to abdominal apex.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 16 to 20; eyes
to apex abdom., 21 to 25; exp. tegm. 65 to 75 millim.
Hab. Sikhim, Assam (Ind. Mus.). ‘“ Himalaya” (Coll. Dist.).—
Cambodia; Hainan; China.
A lepidopterous parasite in the waxy secretion of this species
has been described by Prof. Westwood (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1876,
p. O19).
FULGORA. 185
a. Head and cephalic process green, measured from apex to eyes
as long as from posterior angle of imesonotum to abdominal
apex.
1688. Fulgora viridirostris, Westw. (Fulgora (Hotina)) Cab. Orient.
Ent. p. 8, t. ii, f. 4 (1848); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 129
(1885).
Fulgora brevirostris, Butl. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 97, t. xv,
f.1; Atkins, J..A. S. Beng. liv, p- 128 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) green, or in faded specimens
ochraceous, minutely spotted with white; pronotum with two
dark indented discal spots; mesonotum with four obconical
anterior spots aud an oblique spot on each lateral area (often
obscure) piceous ; prosternum with a longitudinal black fascia on
each side; rostrum piceous; tegmina closely resembling in
markings those of /. candelaria ; wings ochraceous, with the apical
areas broadly black; cephalic process considerably upwardly
recurved, its apex a little compressed, measured from angle of apex
to eyes about as long as space between posterior angle of meso-
notum and abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 12 to 15; eyes
to apex abdom. 19 to 21; exp. tegm. 65 to 73 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margher ita (Doherty). Jumna Valley (Mackinnon).
Barma ; North Chin Hills ( Watson).—Penang (Bowring).
a’. Head and cephalic process black above, ochraceous beneath, its
apex concolorous, measured from apex to eyes as long as from
nuddle of mesonotum to abdominal apew.
1689. Fulgora spinole, Westw. (Fulgora (Pyrops)) 4. M. N. H. ix,
p. 118 (1842) ; ad. (Fulgora (Hotina)) Cab. Orient. Ent. p. 75,
t. xxxvi, f. 1 (1848); Athins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 129 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) aboveand on lateral areas black,
minutely spotted with white, beneath ochraceous ; thorax above
ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous, a broad central black fascia
traversing both pro- and mesonota; three small spots on each side
-of anterior margin, a larger oblique spot on disk of each lateral
area, and two small posterior spots to mesonotum black; abdomen,
body beneath, and legs ochraceous, a black fascia traversing lateral
areas of pro- and mesosterna; rostrum, tibie, and tarsi black or
piceous ; body beneath greyishly pubescent, with some transverse
segmental piceous shadings to abdomen beneath; tegmina and
wings coloured and marked generally as in the preceding species ;
cephalic process considerably upwardly recurved, its apex a little
compressed, measured from angle of apex to eyes as long as from
middle of mesonotum to abdominal apex.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 16 to 20; eyes
to apex abdom. 20 to 23; exp. tegm. 70 to 73 millim.
Hab. Sikhim, Sylhet, Assam (Jnd. Mus.) ; Margherita and Niga
Hills (Doherty). Mysore (Ind. Mus.).
186 FULGORIDZ.
a’. Head and cephalic process black above, olivaceous beneath, its
apex ochraceous, measured from apex to eyes as long as from
posterior angle of mesonotum to abdominal apex.
1690. Fulgora lathburi, Im. Kirby, Tr. Linn. Soc. xii, p. 450 (1818) ;
Guér. Icon. Régne An. Ins. t. lviii, f. 2 (1830-4); Germ.
(Flata) Thon’s Arch. li, 2, p. 46 (1830); Atkins. (Fulgora)
J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 129 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) above and laterally black,
minutely spotted with white, beneath pale ochraceous, its apex
ochraceous; thorax above ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous ;
anterior margin and a broad central fascia to pronotum, a
broad central maculate fascia, two small spots on each side of
anterior margin, and a large oblique spot on each lateral area of
mesonotum black; abdomen ochraceous, sternum and legs pale
olivaceous; a black fascia on each lateral area of pro- and
mesosterna ; rostrum, tibie, and tarsi piceous or testaceous-brown ;
tegmina piceous, with the reticulate venation pale green, somewhat
closely ornamented with round pale castaneous spots whose margins
are pale green, the apical spots smallest, and some of the subapical
spots confluent; wings ochraceous, their apical areas largely
black ; cephalic process considerably upwardly recurved, its apex
a little globose, measured from angle of apex to eyes about as long
as from posterior angle of mesonotum to abdominal apex.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 15; eyes to apex
abdom. 23; exp. teem. 80 millim.
Hab. Silhet (Sowerby).—China; Hong Kong (Coll. Dist.).
B. Wings whitish or greenish-white, apical areas piceous
with white spots.
b. Cephalic process very strongly recurved, black above, olivaceous
beneath, measured from apex to eyes nearly as long as from
anterior margin of mesonotum to abdoninal apex.
1691. Fulgora connectens, Atkins. J..4.S. Beng. liv, p. 130 (1885) ;
id. J. ALS. Beng. \vii, p. 338, t. xv, middle figure.
Head (including cephalie process) above and on lateral areas
black, beneath olivaceous; thorax black or piceous; pronotum
with a very broad, greenish-ochraceous, transverse basal fascia ;
mesonotum with the anterior angles, lateral margins, and posterior
angle pale tawny ; abdomen pale brownish-ochraceous, very thickly
greyishly tomentose at base; body beneath and legs brownish-
ochraceous ; rostrum, tibiw, tarsi, and anal appendage black or
piceous ; tegmina piceous with the reticulate venation pale green,
crossed on basal half by three broad ochraceous fascixe, followed
by a series of three spots, two together near costa, the other near
posterior margin, before apex a series of five spots, three connected
above and two beneath, and two or three smaller spots on apical
FULGORA. 187
area, the costal membrane is ochraceous with four black spots and
there are three black spots on claval area; wings white, basal area
suffused with pale green, apical area black, with five or six white
spots; cephalic process very strongly recurved, its apex a little
compressed, measured from angle of apex to eyes nearly as long
as from anterior margin of mesonotum to abdominal apex.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 19; eyes to apex
abdom. 23; exp. tegm. 80 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karen Hills (Doherty). Tenasserim (/nd. Mus.).
b'. Cephalic process inoderately recurved, usually some shade of
fulvous above, olivacesus or ochraceous beneath, measured from
apex to eyes about as long us body excluding head.
1692. Fulgora oculata, Westw. Tr. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 142, t. xii, f. 5
(1841)*; Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. liv, p. 181 (1885).
Var.a. oculata, Westw. (Fulgora (Hotina)) Cab. Orient. Ent.
p. 73, t. xxxvi, f. 2 (1848).
Var. b. subocellata, Guér. (Fulgora) Rev. Zool. p. 183 (1839) ;
Deless. Souv. Voy. Inde, p. 66, t. xvi, f. 1 (1842).
Var. ec. verhuelli, Atkins, J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 132 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) fulvous or olivaceous, finely
spotted with white above, ochraceous or pale olivaceous beneath ;
head with an obscure piceous spot at base ; body and legs fulvous-
ochraceous; pronotum with two discal oblique spots and a spot
on each lateral area, mesonotum with six spots (arranged in pairs)
on anterior margin and a spot on each lateral area, piceous ;
abdomen strongly cretaceously tomentose; apices of anterior and
intermediate femora, anterior and intermediate tibize and _ tarsi,
posterior tarsi and the rostrum piceous or black ; tegmina pale
olivaceous, finely cretaceously tomentose, sparingly ornamented
with small fulvous spots with pale margins, those on costal area
with wider paler margins, a few transverse linear piceous costal
spots above radial area ; wings subhyaline, cretaceously tomentose,
with a central orange-red patch towards costal area and with a
few cretaceous apical spots.
This is the typical coloration and marking: the varietal forms
vary in having the tegmina darker in hue, the ocellated spots
much larger, and the apices of the wings with a distinct piceous
background for the cretaceous spots ; cephalic process moderately
recurved, its apex a little compressed, measured from angle of
apex to eyes about as long as body excluding head.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 21 ; eyes to apex
abdom. 21; exp. tegm. 78 to 88 millim.
Westwood’s name has priority over Guérin’s specific name.
188 FULGORID&,
C. Wings bluish-green, with the apical area and usually the posterior
margin black.
. Cephalic process castancous, its apex reddish-ochraceous and not
compressed but slightly inflated, measured from angle of
apex to eyes about as long as from anterior margin of meso-
notum to abdominal apex.
1693. Fulgora pyrorhyncha, Don. Ins. Ind., Hem. lvii, f. 1 (1800):
Westw. Tr. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 189 (1841); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng.
liv, p. 135 (1885).
Fulgora rajah, Guér, Rev. Zool. p. 183 (1839).
Fulgora amplectens, Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 183 (1885).
Head (including cephalie process) castaneous, with small white
spots, its apex x reddish- ochraceous ; pronotum, mesonotum, sternum,
and legs dull castaneous ; ab domen piceous, greyishly tomentose ;
tegmina ochraceous, the cellular areas formed by the reticulate
veins (excepting the subapical area) more or less piceous, in the
paler subapical area a transverse series of about four darker spots
with paler margins and some scattered much smaller spots on
apical area; wings bluish-green, the apical and posterior areas
broadly blac k, the black coloration extending a little inwardly
along the veins ; cephalic process moderately recurved, its apex
slightly inflated, measured from angle of apex to eyes about as
long as from anterior margin of mesonotum to abdominal apex.
Length ceph. process, angles from apex to eyes 22; eyes to
apex abdom,. 25; exp. tegm. 85 to 91 millim.
Hab. India (Governor Holford).—Malay Peninsula; Perak
(Coll. Dist.).
The type described and figured by Donoyon is supposed to have
been acquired by Gov. Holford in Nepal.
c'. Cephalic process castaneous, its apex concolorous and moderately
compressed, measured from angle of apex to cyes about as
long as from anterior margin of mesonotum to abdominal
aped.
1694. Fulgora karenia, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1891, p. 517, t. xx, f. 2
(1891).
Head (including cephalic process), thorax above and beneath,
and the femora castaneous; tibie, tarsi, and the abdomen above and
beneath piceous ; posterior margins of the abdominal segments
and base of abdomen above ochraceous ; tegmina black, thickly
covered with the reticulated venation w Theale is ochraceous, and
with the following ochraceous markings—three macular trans-
verse fascize on basal half, followed by a transverse series of three
small spots widely separ ated, a broad transverse fascia near apical
area, between which and apex are a few small scattered spots ;
wings very pale bluish-green, the apical and posterior areas very
EFULGORA. 189
broadly black; cephalic process moderately recurved, its apex
slightly compressed, measured from angle of apex to eyes about
as long as from anterior margin of mesonotum to abdominal apex.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 20; eyes to
apex abdom. 24; exp. tegm. 84 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karen Hills (Doherty). Tenasserim (Brit. Mus.).
Cephalic process olivaceous or brownish-ochraceous, measured
from angle of apex to eyes about as long as abdomen.
1695, Fulgora maculata, Oliv. Enc. Méth. vi, p. 568 (1791); Dune.
Nat. Libr. i, p. 284, t. xxiii, f. 2 (1840) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng.
liv, p. 134 (1885); Melich. (Pyrops) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 12
(1903).
Hotinus fulvirostris, Walk. List Hom, Suppl. p. 41 (1858) ; Atkins.
(Fulgora) J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 154 (1885).
Stoll, Cig. t. 148, a.
Head (including cephalic process) and thorax above olivaceous,
the first minutely spotted with white; thorax above with some
piceous suffusions and more or less cretaceously tomentose ; ab-
domen above pale greenish with some darker markings, beneath
piceous ; sternum ochraceous or greenisb-ochraceous ; trochanters
and legs piceous ; tegmina black, the reticulate venation grevish,
covered with large cretaceous, tomentose spots arranged in three
very irregular transverse series on basal half, and more scattered
and less fused spots on apical area; wings dark bluish-green, the
apical and posterior areas very broadly black ; cephalic process
etc recurved, its apex a little compressed, measured from
angle of apex to eyes about as long as the abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 14; eyes to
apex abdom. 22; exp. tegm. 67 to 82 millim.
Hab. Coromandel coast (fide Stoll). Ceylon.
This is the common and dominant species of the genus in Ceylon,
I am almost certain I have seen a specimen from Trivandrum,
but cannot now find it in my collection.
1696. Fulgora delesserti, Guér. Rev. Zool. p. 183 (1839); Deless.
Souv. Voy. Inde, ii, p. 66, t. xvi, f. 2 (1848) ; Atkins. AE els
Beng. liv, p. 185 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) olivaceous-green or brownish-
olivaceous ; thorax above reddish-brown; mesonotum with three
spots on each side of anterior margin, an oblique spot on each
lateral area, and a spot before posterior angle piceous or black ;
abdomen, body beneath, and legs ochraceous ; apical area of ab-
domen beneath, tibiv, tarsi, and rostrum more ot less piceous ;
tegmina black, the reticulate venation olivaceous, ornamented
with ochraceous spots arranged as follows—three irregular trans-
verse series on basal half, those on apical area being more scattered
and less fused; wings bluish-green, the apical and posterior areas
190 FULGORID&.
broadly black; cephalic process moderately recurved, its apex a
little compressed, measured from angle of apex to eyes about as
long as the abdomen.
Length eons process, angle from apex to eyes 15; eyes to
apex abdom. 23 ; exp. tegm. ¢ ‘82 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills, Malabar. Karwar (dnd. Mus.). Trivandrum
(Coll. Dist.).
ce. Cephalic process black above, olivaccous beneath, measured
from angle of apex to eyes a little longer than abdomen.
1697. Fulgora andamanensis, Dist. Tr. FE. S. 1880, p. 152, t. v,
f.7,a; Athins. J. A. 8. Beng. liv, p. 185 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) above and on lateral areas
black, finely spotted with white, olivaceous beneath, eyes and
ridge near their inner margin ochraceous ; thorax above brownish-
ochraceous ; pronotum with the anterior lateral margins, two central
maculate fascie, and a spot on each lateral area, mesonotum with a
broad central fascia, four small spots on anterior margin, an elongate
spot on each lateral area, and two small spots in front of posterior
angle, black ; abdomen pale ochraceous, anal appendage piceous ;
body beneath brownish-ochraceous ; an elongate spot on each
lateral area of prosternum, disk of mesosternum, lateral areas of
aap aa abdomen beneath, tibiz, tarsi, and rostrum more or
less black or piceous ; tegmina black, the reticulate venation pale
green, ornamented with brownish-ochraceous spots with pale
margins, arranged in three irregular transverse series on basal
half, the spots on apical half more scattered and generally smaller ;
wings bluish-green, the apical area broadly, the posterior margin
narrowly black ; cephalic process somewhat strongly recurv ed,
measured from angle of apex to eyes a little longer than abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 16; eyes to
apex abdom. 22; exp. tegm. 68 millim.
Hab. Andaman Islands.
e. Cephalic process black ov piceous, measured from angle
of apex to eyes about as long as abdomen.
1698, Fulgora rogersi, sp. n.
Cephalic process, head, and thorax above piceous, the two latter
much covered with cretaceous pubescence, the cephalic process
spotted with same on its basal areas both above and beneath ;
abdomen greenish or greenish-ochraceous, the segmental margins
paler and somewhat cretaceously pubescent ; head beneath oliva-
ceous; legs piceous ; tegmina for the basal two-thirds black with
the veins and numerous reticulations green, apical third pale
brownish ochraceous with numerous small piceous marks on apical
area, a number of cretaceous spots with black centres arranged in
FULGORA. 191
transverse series, one near base, two somewhat close together near
middle, one consisting of three spots only near apex of dark
coloration, on the pale area an angulated broken series of four
above and three beneath, and two or three small spots near apex ;
wings bluish-green, with the apical area black; cephalic process
much upwardly recurved, its apex robust but not dilated, measured
from angle of apex to eyes about as long as abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 18; eyes to upex
abdom. 26; exp. tegm. 77 millim.
Hab. Great Nicobar (Gilbert Rogers).
II. Apex of cephalic process strongly globose.
D. Wings purplish-white, the apical area black,
1699. Fulgora clavata, Westw. Tr. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 139, t. xii, f. 1
(1841) ; zd. Cab. Orient. Ent. p. 7, t. ii, f. 1 (1848) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 130 (1885).
Hotinus ponderosus, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1854, p. 244;
Atkins. J. A. 8S. Beng. liv, p. 181 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) black, spotted minutely with
white, its apex strongly globose and shining castaneous; thorax
and abdomen above much tomentosely suffused with white; a
black spot on each lateral area of mesonotum; sternum beneath
and legs piceous, whitishly tomentose ; abdomen beneath red or
Fig. 83.—Fulgora clavata.
f=) e
reddish-ochraceous ; tegmina black, more or less cretaceously
tomentose, nearly always so on basal half, which is ornamented
with black spots imconstant in shape, number, and size, the apical
half is usually black, ornamented with a number of cretaceous
spots with castaneous centres, also inconstant in size, number, and
192 FULGORID&.
shape, but becoming smaller near apex ; wings purplish-white, the
apical area black; cephalic process robust, globosely clavate at
apex, measured from angle of apex to eyes a little longer than
abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 12 to 14; eyes
to apex abdom. 17 to 22; exp. tegm. 62 to 86 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Doherty). Khasi Hills (Chennell).
Sikhim, Sibsigar, Shillong (dnd. Aus.).
Genus SAIVA, noy.
Type, S. gemmata, Westw.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Allied to Fulgora, but the cephalic process very slender and
suddenly narrowed from a little in front of eyes, not gradually
narrowed as in Fulgora; tegmina much narrower, their greatest
breadth less than a third of their length, their apical margins
more or less obliquely subtruncate, not convex.
Owing to the slender and fragile character of the cephalic
process in this genus most specimens arrive in a more or less
mutilated condition in that respect, thus rendering the ditferentia-
tion of the species by this useful and trustworthy character in
some cases impossible.
A. Wings bluish-yreen, marked and spotted with black.
a. Cephalic process from angle of apex to eyes about as long as
abdomen.
a. Cephalic process obliquely ascendant,
b. Apex of cephalic process slender.
1700. Saiva gemmata, Wesiw. (Fulgora (Hotina)) Cab. Orient. Ent.
p. 7, t. ili, f. 2 (1848); Atkens. (Fulgora) J. A. S. Beng. liv,
p. 187 (1885).
Fulgora curtiprora, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xiv, p. 181 (1874);
Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. liv, p. 186 (1885).
Head and thorax above dull ochraceous; a lateral line to
cephalic process black; pronotum with a transverse series of four
black spots, the two central ones indented and surrounded with
piceous, followed behind by a small concolorous deeply incised spot ;
mesonotum with four spots on anterior margin (two central and
one at each lateral angle), a spot on each lateral margin and
another before posterior angle black; abdomen black, the lateral
and posterior segmental margins green, the last inwardly margined
with grey; sternum and cox dull ochraceous ; legs pale casta-
neous; tegmina greenish on basal area, reddish-brown beyond
middle, ornamented with reddish-brown spots, those on basal half
margined with black, the basal half is also covered with a number
of small black spots, and on the apical half the reticulate areas
SAIVA, 193
are black or piceous; wings black; anal area (excluding apex),
three oblique subbasal spots, and a transverse series of four
spots (fused in pairs) crossing middle, green; cephalic process
suddenly obliquely ascending from a little before eyes, measured
from angle of apex to eyes about as long as abdomen.
Fig. 84.—Saiva gemmata.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 9} to 11; eyes
to apex abdom. 12 to 19; exp. tegm. 46 to 53 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (dnd. Mus.). Assam; Naga Hills (Doherty).
Khasi Hills (dnd. Mus.). Darjiling (Coll. Dist.). .
bb. Apex of cephalic process moderately incrassate.
1701. Saiva nodata, sp. n.
Head (including cephalic process) pale olivaceous-green, finely
and sparingly spotted with white, its apex ochraceous, eyes black ;
thorax above pale olivaceous-green ; pronotum with two central
discal spots and a spot on each lateral area, and mesonotum with
a spot on each lateral area, black ; abdomen above piceous or black,
posterior segmental margins green inclining to ochraceous; head
beneath, sternum, and legs olivaceous; abdomen beneath reddish-
ochraceous ; anterior and intermediate legs with a subapical an-
nulation to the femora, three annulations to tibiew, and the tarsi
black; tegmina pale virescent, somewhat thickly covered with
ochraceous spots margined with black, those on costal membrane
truncate, incomplete ; wings bluish-green, apical area and posterior
margin black, the green discal area somewhat largely and con-
fluently spotted with black; cephalic process with its apex
moderately nodulose, measured from angle of apex to eyes about
as long as abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 10; eyes to apex
abdom. 16; exp. tegm. 50 millim.
Hab. Bombay Province; N. Kanara, Anmoda (2. Y. Watson,
Brit. Mus.).
Allied in general appearance to S. gemmata, Westw., differing
primarily by the nodulose apex to the cephalic process, and also
by the much paler tegmina, &c.
VOL, III. )
194 FULGORIDA.
aa. Cephalic process almost perpendicularly extended.
1702. Saiva bullata, Dist. (Fulgora) Tr. £. S. 1891, p. 519, t. xx,
fel i:
Head with the base pale greenish-ochraceous, the cephalic
rocess black; thorax above pale greenish-ochraceous ; pronotum
with three black spots, the central one largest and somewhat
duplex; mesonotum with two central spots on anterior margin,
two spots on each lateral margin, and a spot near posterior angle
black ; abdomen above shining black ; face, rostrum, sternum, and
coxie ochraceous ; legs red, bases and apices of anterior and inter-
mediate tibie, apices of posterior tibie, and the tarsi black ;
abdomen beneath black, the apex and posterior segmental margins
ochraceous ; tegmina greenish-ochraceous, an irregular transverse
fascia beyond centre and the apical area piceous, the first con-
taining six, the latter some eight ochraceous spots, the basal area
somewhat thickly covered with small black spots and with scattered
larger pale and black margined spots; wings bluish-green, with
the apex broadly black, the posterior margin narrowly of the same
colour and with discal black streaks and patches ; ; cephalic process
recurved and almost perpendicularly extended, measured from
angle of apex to eyes about as long as abdomen.
Length ceph. Uae angle from apex to eyes 6; eyes to apex
abdom. 12; exp. tegm. 44 millim.
Hab. Burma; Ruby Mines ( Doherty).
aa. Cephalic process from angle of apex to eyes about as long as
pronotum and mesonotum together.
1703. Saiva guttulata, Westw. (Fulgora (Pyrops)) 4A. MW. N. H. ix,
p- 119 (1842) ; zd. (Fulgora (Hotina)) Cab. Orient. Ent. p. 8,
tail, t 3 (1848) ; ‘Atkins. (Fulgora) J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 136
(1885).
Head (including cephalic process), thorax above, body beneath
and legs ochraceous ; apex and central area of cephalic process
above, central fascia to vertex, and a lateral elongate spot in front
of each eye, black ; pronotum with a series of four transverse spots
(the two central ones largest and elongate), mesonotum with two
anterior central discal spots and three spots on lateral margin (the
one near base smallest), basal annulation and apical areas of tibiee,
and the tarsi to anterior and intermediate legs black ; abdomen
above ochraceous, the posterior segmental margins broadly green,
with scattered piceous spots ; tegmina rosaceous, the costal mem-
brane, base of claval area, and the apical area more ochraceous ;
costal membrane with four imperfectly closed ochraceous spots
margined with black, apical area with the inner areas of cells
piceous and with a few pale spots, the remaining area with
scattered rosaceous spots with black margins; wings pale bluish-
green, the apical area, posterior margin, and veins with some
SAIVA. 195
scattered spots on same piceous or black; cephalic process short,
strongly recurved, measured from angle of apex to eyes about as
long as pronotum and mesonotum together.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 3; eyes to apex
abdom. 14; exp. tegm. 50 millim.
Hab. ‘* Northern India” (fide Westwood).
I have an unlocalized specimen in my own collection.
B. Wings more or less sanguineous, apical and sometimes posterior
margins fuscous or black.
b. Cephalic process fron angle of apex to eyes about as long as
abdomen.
1704. Saiva cardinalis, Burl. (Fulgora) A. M. N. H. (4) xiv, p, 181
(1874) ; Atkins. J. A. S, Beng. liv, p. 188 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) green or brownish-ochraceous,
above somewhat greyishly tomentose, sparingly, minutely, and
irregularly spotted with fuscous above and on the lateral margins,
its apex a little infuscated ; pronotum, mesonotum, body beneath,
and legs green or brownish-ochraceous; abdomen above pale
testaceous ; head with three basal spots between the eyes, pro-
notum with two central spots and one on each lateral area, meso-
notum with six spots on anterior margin, and one or two on each
lateral area black; tegmina pale olivaceous-green, with scattered
ochraceous spots with black margins, those on costal area imper-
‘fectly closed, the apical margin a little fuscous with the spots
therein rather smaller; wings purplish-red, the apical margin
fuscous ; cephalic process measured from angle of apex to eyes
about as long as abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 9; eyes to apex
abdom. 15; exp. teem. 57 millim.
Hab. Nepal (Brit. Mus.). Sikhim (dnd. Mus.). Daryjiling (Coll.
Dist.).
bb. Cephalic process from angle of apew to eyes about as long as
abdomen and mesonotum together.
1705. Saiva coccinea, Walk. (Hotinus) List Hom. Suppl. p. 42 (1858);
Kirk. (Pyrops) J. Bomb. N. H. Soc. xiv, p. a} GA feed
(1902) ; Melich. (part.) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 12 (1903).
Hotinus guttifer, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. For. 1858, p. 448.
Head (including cephalic process), pronotum, mesonotum, sternum,
and legs pale olivaceous-green ; cephalic process with the ridges
(excluding basal area) black, its apex a little paler; a lateral spot
in front of each eye, pronotum with two central spots and a spot
on each lateral area, mesonotum with six spots on anterior margin
and one or two spots on each lateral area black; abdomen above
sanguineous, lateral margins spotted with white and black, the
o2
196 FULGORIDA.
base also more or less black; abdomen beneath red, with the
segmental margins black; tegmina testaceous, finely greyishly
tomentose, minutely spotted with piceous, and with scattered
larger pale red spots which are narrowly margined with black and
mostly possess a small greyish pupil, costal membrane narrowly
pale olivaceous-green; wings sanguineous, the apical area and
posterior margin dark fuscous ; the cephalic process is somewhat
slender, moderately recurved, antl measured from angle of apex to
eyes almost as long as abdomen and mesonotum together.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 11; eyes to
apex abdom. 15; exp. tegm. 40 to 43 millim.
Hab, Ceylon; Kandy (Green).
C. Wings ochraceous, apical areas and posterior margins
Suscous or piceous.
706. Saiva insularis, Avrby (Hotinus), J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 182,
t. vi, f. 4 (1891); Melich. (Pyrops) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 18
(1903).
Head (including cephalic process) fuscous-brown, very sparingly
palely spotted on lateral areas, somewhat thickly palely spotted
beneath ; thorax above ochraceous, somewhat thickly fuscously
punctate; pronotum with an oblique impunctate fascia on each
side and an obscure central discal spot, mesonotum with an obscure
central longitudinal medial ridge, two rounded spots on anterior
margin, and some irregular spots on lateral margins pale ochra-
ceous ; abdomen above black, the base a little ochraceous ; body
beneath and legs ochraceous punctured with fuscous; tegmina
reddish- ochraceous, ornamented with small je spots, w hich are
almost absent on subapical area; wings ochraceous, apical area
and posterior margin fuscous, the last becoming piceous towards
anal angle ; cephalic process mutilated in type.
Length ceph. process mutilated in type; eyes to apex abdom.
15; exp. tegm. 44 millim.
Hab, Ceylon ; Dambool (G'reen).
D. Wings whitish, margins concolorous.
1707. Saiva virescens, Westw. (Fulgora (Pyrops)) 4. M. N. H. BS
p. 119 (1842) ); zd. (Fulgora (Hotina)) Cab. Orient. Ent.
t. iii, f. 5 (1848) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 188 (1885).
Hotinus semiannulus, Walk. Cat. Hom. Suppl. p. 42 (1858).
8,
Head (including cephalic process) pale ochraceous, minutely
spotted with white, apex a little piceous ; pronotum, mesonotum,
body beneath, and legs pale ochraceous ; abdomen above very pale
virescent ; two spots on mesonotum and the anterior and inter-
mediate tarsi black ; tegmina dull pale ochraceous, somewhat
sparingly ornamented with bright ochraceous spots with black
margins, on margins these spots are mostly imperfectly closed ;
wings whitish with a very pale virescent tint; cephalic process
ALCATHOUS. 197
measured from angle of apex to eyes about as long as body
excluding head.
Length ceph. process: angle from apex to eyes 14; eyes to
apex abdom. 14; exp. tegm. 45 milli.
Hab. Sylhet (dnd. Mus.). North-western Province; Garwhal
(Coll. Dist.).
In my own and all other specimens examined the ground-colour
is pale ochraceous, as above described ; in Westwood’s figure it is
pale virescent, as is probably the case in all fresh specimens. I
have thought it better to describe only what I have seen, and to
add this note.
Genus ALCATHOUS.
Alcathous, Std, Tr. E. S. (3) i, p. 577 (1863); Atkins. J. A. S.
Beng. liv, p. 189 (1885).
Type, A. fecialis, Stal.
Distribution. British India.
Head much narrower than the thorax, protuberant, face some-
what roundly ampliated near the apex, thence distinctly narrowed
upwards, tricarinate ; clypeus medially carinate; rostrum almost
reaching abdominal apex ; antenne short, second joint very briefly
subeylindrical, obliquely truncate at apex; pronotum medially
unicarinate, somewhat anteriorly medially produced, the produced
portion truncate, posterior margin straight; mesonotum tricari-
nate, twice as long as pronotum; tegmina somewhat ampliated
.towards apex, which is obtusely, obliquely rounded, longitudinal
veins rarely furcate, interior simple, only third or apical area
furnished with remote transverse small veins, irregularly anasto-
mosed; wings with more than basal halves without transverse
veins or veinlets ; legs moderate in length, anterior femora beneath
slightly dilated, posterior tibie with five or six spines.
1708. Alcathous fecialis, Sta/, Tr. E. S. (8) i, p. 577 (1863) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 189 (1885).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum brownish-ochraceous,
thickly, darkly punctate ;
abdomen above bright red-
dish - ochraceous, with six
large black discal spots ar-
ranged in pairs; abdomen
beneath pale luteous, very
thickly, coarsely, piceously
punctate ; legs ochraceous,
annulated with piceous ; teg-
mina pale ochraceous, the ve-
nation purplish-red, on basal
area longitudinal and a little
spotted with fuscous, on apical third reticulate and unspotted,
the whole tegmina more or less spotted or mottled with fuscous,
Fig. 85.—Alcathous fecialis.
198 FULGORID&.
the costal area spotted with dark fuscous ; wings orange-yellow,
apical area, posterior margin, and a few discal spots near anal area
fuscous, the apical dark area inwardly margined with pale greyish;
cephalic process a little recurved, measured from angle of apex to
eyes about as Jong as pro- and mesonota.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 3; eyes to apex
abdom. 12; exp. tegm. 33 millim.
Hab. South India ( Wathouse, Brit. Mus.).
Stal, who described the unique type in the British Museum,
erroneously gave the habitat of this species as “ India orient. bor.”
Division APHANARIA.
This, with the previous division, includes all the genera of the
subfamily “ulgorine found in British India, at least so far as my
knowledge extends. One genus, Homalocephala, should probably be
placed in a new division ; but as it is inadvisable—at least in these
volumes—to found a division on a single genus, I have included it
in the Aphanaria, which is to be distinguished from the Pulgoraria
by the absence of the long recurved cephalic process. In some
of the Aphanaria, as in Kuphria and Kalidasa, there is a slender,
acute, cephalic protuberance, but this in no respect equals the
character on which the Fulgoraria is divisionally separated.
Divisions, as used here, are only groups of genera possessing
a more or less common facies, and are proposed as aids to iden-
tification, with no pretence to be regarded as constituting
morphological sections.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Head triangularly produced in front of [p..199.
YES scichcsovacatt te lohe ee teapetery eet eek Renae HoMALOCEPHALA,
B. Head not, or not prominently, produced in
front of eyes.
. Face longer than broad.
a. Anterior femora not ampliated at apices.
a’, Face strongly ampliated at base and
considerably broader than clypeus,
its lateral margins obliquely nar-
rowed forwardly from eyes ........ Linmots, p. 200.
a”. Face slightly narrowed upward, or with
the lateral margins parallel, its disk
with two anteriorly divergent carina-
tions, and with a central, sometimes
obsolete longitudinal sulcation ...... APHANA, p. 201.
a°. ace with two parallel discal carina-
tions, sometimes obliterated behind
middle. ...,. i: jist eee ae Lycorma, p. 205.
. Anterior femora distinctly ampliate above
at apices.
b’. Posterior tibize unarmed above at base.
a‘, Face with two or three parallel
CariMmations —.:. nau as ener e sels EUPHRIA, Pp. 2
~~
07.
b
HOMALOCEPHATA. 199
+*. Posterior tibize with a tubercle on their
_upper surface at base.
a. Face with two obtuse parallel ridges
which are often obliterated ...... KaipaSsa, p. 212.
b. Face as long as broad.
ae remotely reticulate .......... GEBENNA, p. 214.
. Entire tegmin: . more or less densely
TeLiculate.caviaaasae Soe Pouypicrya, p. 215.
Genus HOMALOCEPHALA.
Omalocephala, Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 259.
Homalocephala, Amy. § Serv. Hém, p. 492 (1843 3); Stal, Hem. Afr.
iv, pp. 185 & 145 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 141 (1885).
Tvpe, H. festiva, Fabr.
Mstribution. British India.
Head broad, narrower than the pronotum, triangularly or
roundly produced in front of eyes, angularly prominent behind
the eyes, vertex at least four times wider than the eyes and
moderately flat, face flat, broader than the clypeus, its lateral
margins parallel, clypeus without a medial ridge; rostrum reaching
the posterior cox ; pronotum truncate anteriorly with a medial
longitudinal ridge ; mesonotum about twice as long as the
pronotum ; tegmina with the anterior and posterior margins
subparallel, the apical margin obscurely obliquely rounded, densely
reticulate except in costal area, where the reticulations are obsolete,
claval vein united with the commissure at the apex of the clavus :
wings entire, the veins moderately reticulate on apical area:
anterior and intermediate tibiz as long as the femora.
1709. Homalocephala festiva, Fabr. (Fulgora) Spec. Ins. ii, p. 315
Cer) id. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 261 (1787) ; Don. Ins. Ind., Hem.
t. vii, f. 2 (1800) ; Spin. (Omalocephala) ‘Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr.
1839, p. 261; Amy. § Serv. (Homalocephala) Hém. p. 493
(1843) ; Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. liv, p. 141 (1885).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, body beneath, and legs browuish-
ochraceous, lateral and apical margins of head black ; abdomen
above sanguineous; head be-
neath, lateral areas of sternum,
and posterior acetabule pale
ochraceous ; tegmina brownish-
ochraceous, minutely spotted
with black in the reticulate
Fig. 86.—Homalocephala festiva. areas, with some scattered pale
spots, the costal area pale
greenish-flavescent with five black spots posteriorly margined
with orange-yellow ; wings sanguineous, apical area pale fuscous
with the veins darker, the posterior margin greyish ; head longer
than pronotum, above with a moderate medial longitudinal ridge
which is continued through the pro- and mesonota.
Length excl. tegm. 12; exp. tegm. 33 millim.
Hab. Madras (Coll. Dist.).
200 FULGORIDA.
Genus LIMOIS.
Limois, Std, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 280 (1863) ; id. Hem. Afr. iv,
p. 134 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 141 (1885).
Type, LZ. westwoodi, Hope.
Distribution. British India.
Head much narrower than the pronotum, slightly upwardly
protuberant ; face with the margins carinate and with two central
longitudinal ridges or carinations, narrowed anteriorly, a little
dilated at posterior angles, clypeus medially carinate, vertex
transverse ; pronotum twice as broad as head and slightly longer,
posteriorly broadly truncate, its lateral angles moderately sub-
acutely produced, and with a subobsolete medial carination ; meso-
notum longer than pronotum, with three discal carinations, the
middle one straight, the others curved ; tegmina elongate, a little
ampliated towards apices, which are obtusely obliquely rounded,
the venation beyond base more or less reticulate; wings much
shorter than tegmina, sinuate on posterior margins, venation on
apical areas reticulate ; posterior tibiz with five spines.
1710. Limois westwoodi, Hope (Lystra), Tr. Linn, Soc. xix, p. 188,
t. xii, f. 3 (1845); Stal (Limois), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 231
(1863) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 142 (1885).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum olivaceous; apex of pro-
tuberance to head, two central broken fascize to pronotum, disk
of mesonotum (excluding
ridges), on each side of which
are three spots on anterior
margin, and an angulated
spot on each lateral area,
black ; abdomen black, the
segmental margins narrowly
olivaceous; body beneati
Fig. 87.—Limois westwood, and legs piceous or black,
legs and rostrum annulated
with dull ochraceous; tegmina with about basal half and costal
area pale olivaceous, opaque, remaining area hyaline with the
venation fuscous, the whole area with small piceous spots, which
are largest on the olivaceous area and on the posterior margin a
little beyond it; wings with rather more than basal halves
sanguineous, outwardly concavely margined with fuscous, apical
area hyaline with the venation fuscous; the apical and pos-
terior margins fuscous, and with two or three black spots on the
sanguineous area.
Length excl. tegm. 124 to 13; exp. tegm. 47 to 48 millim.
Hab. Sylhet.
APHANA. 201
Genus APHANA.
Aphena, Guér. Voy. Bélang. Ind. Orient. p. 451 (1834); Spin. Ann.
Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 240.
Aphana, Burm, Handb. Ent. ii, 1, p. 166 (1835); Amy. § Serv.
Heém. p. 496 (1843) ; Stal, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 231 (1863) ;
id. Hem. Afr. iv, p. 134 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 142
(1885).
Penthicus, Blanch. Hist. Nat. Ins. iii, p. 171 (1840).
Type, A. farinosa, Fabr.*
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
The name of this genus has caused much discussion. Burmeister
altered Guérin’s name Aphena to Aphana, a correction which has
usually been and is here considered justified. Blanchard regarded
both these names as preoccupied by Aphanus, Laporte, and
proposed that of Penthicus to take its place. This we consider
unnecessary.
Head not protuberant, much narrower than pronotum, face
slightly narrowed upward or with the lateral margins parallel and
more or less distinctly broadly bisinuate, disk with two anteriorly
diverging carinations and with a more obsolete central carination,
clypeus with a central, sometimes subobsolete, longitudinal sulcation,
vertex excavate with carinate margins and a central carination,
the front broadly upwardly ridged anteriorly and laterally ; pro-
_notum broader than head, centrally, longitudinally, prominently
ridged, its posterior margin truncately sinuate, its posterior angles
subangularly ampliate ; mesonotum a little longer than pronotum,
centrally, longitudinally moderately carinate ; tegmina moderately
broad, the venation on apical areas reticulate; wings broad, pos-
teriorly sinuate, the venation of apical areas moderately furcate
and sinuate ; anterior femora not ampliate at apex, posterior tibiee
usually with five spines.
A. Wings with a green or bluish-green basal area.
1711. Aphana farinosa, Weber (Cicada), Obs. Ent. p. 114 (1801);
Fabr, (Lystra) Syst. Rhyng. p.57 (1808) ; Spin. (Apheena) Ann.
Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 244; Stal (Aphana), Stett. ent. Zeit.
xxiv, p. 232 (1863); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 142 (1885).
Aphana scutellaris, White, 4. M. N. H. xvii, p. 880 (1846) ;
Westw. Cab. Or, Ent. p. 73, t. xxxvi, f. 3 (1848).
Var. saundersii, White, MS. (Apheena) Walk. List Hom. ii,
p. 277 (1851), excl. syn.
Head and pronotum dark olivaceous-green, vertex of head with
* In selecting the type of this genus we follow Stal, who rightly divided a
number of structurally diverse insects included in Aphana, and founded for
their reception several other genera.
202 FULGORID®.
two white tomentose spots; mesonotum almost entirely tomen-
tosely white; abdomen above dark olivaceous-green, much suffused
(especially at base) with white ; head beneath and prosternum dark
olivaceous; sternum and legs piceous; abdomen beneath black ;
tegmina with more than basal half dark olivaceous-green, excluding
costal area tomentosely white with one or more darker spots,
its outer margin darker and piceous, apical area pale brownish-
ochraceous more or less suffused with white ; wings pale brownish-
ochraceous ; basal disk dark olivaceous-green outwardly margined
with piceous and with scattered small white spots, generally,
but not always, becoming posteriorly testaceous ; anal area
ereyish.
Length excl. tegm. 19 to 20; exp. tegi. 52 to 58 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim; Tavoy (Doherty, Coll. Dist.). — Malay
Peninsula. Borneo. Java. Sumatra.
Atkinson (supra) records the exp. tegm. in this species as
attaining to 66 millim., but I have not seen such large specimens.
The above description is of a fresh and unrubbed specimen ;
the var. sawndersii is not found, so far as my experience extends,
in British India, and is to be recognized by the wholly testaceous
and not green basal disk of wings.
1712. Aphana nicobarica, Sta, Berl. ent. Zeit. xiii, p. 241 (1869);
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 147 (1885).
‘‘ Sordidly olivaceous-green ; mesonotum, pectus, abdomen, and
legs piceous; tegmina before middle wruginous, sprinkled with
black, behind middle ochraceous, marked with a mouldy band and
spots, apical limbus black; wings black, a very large basal spot
ceerulean-virescent.”
Length excl. tegm. 2 19; exp. tegm. 55 millim.
Hab. Nicobar Islands.
“ Size of A. furinosa, trom which it differs in the head preduced
anteriorly, seen from above equal in length and breadth between
the eyes, roundly-angulated; front longer, furnished with a
recurved process. Face rugulose, tumescent at the base and
with a short median process, compressed, recurved, obsoletely
tricarinate, the ridges diverging upwards, the median ridge dis-
appearing below the middle ; vertex narrowed forwards, obsoletely
carinate in the middle, lateral margins dilated, elevated ; thorax
furnished with a raised, acute ridge running through it, strongly
bi-impressed on the disk, mesonotum tricarinate. ‘The eruginous
half of the tegmina covered with minute and often confluent black
dots, closer at the apex ; apical half ochraceous with the apical
limbus black, the spots and an anterior band clothed with a white
powdery substance ; wings black, witha large basal patch extending
a little beyond the middle cerulean-virescent ; apical margins of
the dorsal segments of the abdomen green.”
I have not seen this species.
APHANA. 903
B. Wings without a green or bluish-green basal area ; usually more
or less sanguineous at base and anal area.
1713. Aphana atomaria, Weber (Cicada), Obs. Ent. p- 113 (1801) ;
Fabr. (Lystra) Syst. Rhyng. p. 57 (1803); Spin. (Apheena)
Ann. Soc. Ent. Fy. 1839, p. 248; Stal Ginatey Stett. ent.
Zeit, xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ; id. Hem. Fabr. ii, p. 87 (1869);
Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. liv, p. 143 (1885).
Aphena nigro-punctata, Guér. Voy. ‘Coquille, Zool. ii, 2, p. 185
(1830) ; Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 497 (1843).
Head and pronotum brownish- ochraceous, mesonotum more or
less piceous ; abdomen above sanguineous, its base piceous and
suffused with greyish-white ; body beneath and legs piceous ;
tegmina tawny, the basal aren purplish, or uniformly tawny as in
Big. 88.-—Aphana atomaria.
specimens from British India, with two prominent black spots on
costal area, one discal before the apical reticulated area, one on
claval area, and another more elongate spot at base, a few minute
pale subobsolete spots on apical area; wings purplish-red, or pale
ochraceous with purplish base as in most specimens found in our
fauna, with a cluster of black spots on basal area, and with a few
white ones before apical area, which is black with bluish dots,
posterior area fuscous,
Length excl. tegm. 15 to 19; exp. tegm. 46 to 55 millim.
aps Assam ; No oa Dihing (Chennell). Panjab; Marri (Ind.
Mus.).—Malay Peninsula. Sumatra. Java. China (Coll. Dist.).
1714. Aphana pulchella, Guér. (Apheena) Voy. ‘Coquille, Zool. ii,
2, p. 186 (1830); Spin. dann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 249;
Stal (Aphana), Stett. ent. Zert, xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ; Atkins.
J. A, 8. Beng. liv, p. 144 (1885).
Aphana confucius, W ‘hite, A. M. N. H. xviii, p. 24 (1846).
Aphana io, Walk. List Hom. il, p. 279 (1851).
Aphana nigro-irrorata, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. lérh. 1854, p. 244.
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum brownish-ochraceous;
abdomen above sanguineous, beneath with legs piceous, the latter
annulated with ochraceous; tegmina pale brownish-ochraceous,
204 FULGORIDE.
basal two-thirds a little purplish, costal margin spotted with
black and with a few discal black spots, those on apical area very
minute and indistinct, a greyish spot outwardly broadly margined
with brown near apex of posterior margin ; wings purplish- -red,
spotted with black on basal area and w ith white on anterior are a,
apex broadly black with bluish dots, posterior margin pale
fuscous.
Var. Tegmina paler and more minutely spotted with black, the
apical area with some fuscous suffusions ; wings ochraceous, with
the base and anal area purplish-red, spotted and marked as in
typical form.
Length excl. tegm. 14 to 15; exp. teem. 37 to 42 millim.
Hab, Sikhim (dnd. Mus.) Assam; Noa Dihing and Khasi
Hills (Chennell). Andaman Islds. (Ind. Mus.).—Java (Coll. Dist.).
China.
1715. Aphana variegata, Guér. (Aphena) Voy. Bélang. Ind. Orient.,
Zool. p. 455 (1834); td. Icon. Réegne Anim. t. lviii, f. 38 (1850-
34); Amy. § Serv. (Aphana) Hém. p. 497, t. ix, f.1 (1843) : ; Stal,
Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ; Atkins. JAS. Beng. liv,
p. 145 (1889).
Penthicus variegatus, Blanch. Hist. Nat. Ins. iii, p. 171, Hém.
t. xu, f. 4 (1840-41).
Aphiena basirufa, Walk. List Hom. ii, p. 278 (1851).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum brownish-ochraceous
abdomen above sanguineous, transversely whitishly-tomentose at
base; abdomen beneath and legs piceous, legs more or less
annulated with ochraceous, anal abdominal seement beneath
sometimes brownish-ochraceous ; posterior acetabule greyish ;
tegmina very pale olivaceous, spotted with black, the spots
becoming larger towards the apical area, on apical area a few very
small ereenish spots, and the costal area somewhat ochraceous and
spotted with black; at about commencement of apical area there
is a greyish spot on both anterior and posterior margins ; wings
orange-yellow, purplish-red on basal area, black at apex, and
fuscous on posterior margin, some black spots on basal third,
a tew discal minute white spots near middle, and some bluish dots
on the black apical area.
Length excl. tegm. 18 to 213; exp. tegm. 50 to 62 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (Brit. Mus.). Sikhim (dnd. Mus.). Daryjiling (Coll.
Dist.). Burma; Momeit (Doherty).—Cochin-China, Sumatra.
Philippines.
1716. Aphana caja, Walk. (Aphena) List Hom. ii, p. 278 (1851) ;
Stal (Aphana), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 235 (1863) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 146 (1885).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum brownish-ochraceous ;
abdomen above sanguineous, with discal transverse black spots
and transversely tomentosely- -white at base; abdomen beneath
dull red spotted with black; legs olivaceous- brow n, more or less
LYCORMA. 205
annulated with pale olivaceous; posterior acetabule greyish ;
tegmina with about basal two-thirds reddish -ochraceous, irregularly
spotted with fuscous, about five discal spots being much the
largest, about apical third fuscous, with pale waved greenish
suffusions, the principal spots being one on anterior and one
on posterior margin ; wings ochraceous, sanguineous at base and on
anal area, the apex black, posterior margin fuscous, some black
spots on basal halt, a few minute white discal spots near middle,
and some bluish dots on the black apical area.
Length excl. tegm. 18 to 21; exp. teem. 59 to 62 millim.
Hab. North-western Province; Garwhal (Coll. Dist.). Sylhet
(Brit. Mus.). Assam; Margherita (Doherty).
1717. Aphana dimidiata, Hope (Lystra), Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 133,
t. xii, f. 4 (1845); Std (Aphana), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232
(1863) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 146 (1885).
I only know this species by the description and figure given by
Hope, the first of which is reproduced :—
“Fuscous; head, thorax, and feet concolorous; basal half of
tegmina virescent, sprinkled with numerous minute dull black
spots, apices sub-orange-hyaline marked with cretaceous spots ;
basal half of wings greenish with the posterior part whitish,
spotted black, apices fuscous, irrorated with virescent spots.”
Length excl. tegm. 143; exp. tegm. 46 millim.
Hab. Sylhet.
Genus LYCORMA.
Lycorma, Stdl, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ; Athns. J. A. S.
Beng. liv, p. 148 (1885).
Type, L. imperialis, White.
Distribution. Oriental Region and China.
Head somewhat protuberant, the protuberance very short and
reflexed ; face furnished distinctly upward, and at the base more
narrowly, with two parallel obtuse ridges, sometimes obliterated
beneath the middle ; vertex truncated at base, posterior angles not
produced ; pronotum finely medially carinate; anterior femora
not amplified at apices; posterior tibiz armed with four or five
spines ; tegmina and wings generally as in the preceding genus
Aphana.
1718. Lycorma imperialis, White (Aphana), A. M,N. H. xvii, p. 330
(1846) ; Westw. (Apheena) Cab. Or. Ent. p. 74, t. xxxvi, f. 4
(1848) ; Stal (Lycorma), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 148 (1885).
Var. placabilis, Walk, (Aphzena) List Hom. Suppl. p. 46 (1858).
Head and thorax above olivaceous-ochraceous ; abdomen above
piceous, the lateral and segmental margins more or less ochra-
ceous; head beneath, sternum, legs, and rostrum castaneous-brown;
206 FULGORID&.
abdomen beneath a little paler than above, the ochraceous lateral
margins broader and containing large segmental piceous spots ;
tegmina olivaceous-green, about apical third with the venation
closely reticulate, the small reticulate areas black, the basal two-
thirds with rounded spots on costal area and with spots or broken
Fig. 89.—Lycorma imperialis.
transverse fascize black; wings with about basal half purplish-
red spotted with black, with a transverse bright bluish-green
fascia before apical area, which is piceous.
In the var. placabilis, Walk., the tegmina are more or less
testaceous, not green, and with the transverse fascia to the wings
somewhat greyish-white, not bluish-green.
Length exel. tegm. 163 to 21; exp. tegm. 543 to 61 millim.
Hab. Sylhet. Sikhim (Jad. Mus.). Assam ; Sadia, Noa Dihing,
and Néga Hills (Chennell), Daryjiling (Coll. Dist.).
1719. Lycorma punicea, Hope (lystra), Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 138,
t. xii, f. 5 (1843); Sta (Liycorma), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 282
(1863) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 149 (1885).
Aphena delectabilis, Walk. List Hom. Suppl. p. 44 (1858).
Head and thorax above castaneous-red ; abdomen piceous
head beneath, sternum, and legs castaneous, anterior legs ana
intermediate tibiz more or less piceous; tegmina testaceous,
excluding about basal fourth the reticulate and other cellular
areas are black, giving the tegmina a much darker appearance, the
basal and costal areas with scattered and somewhat large black
spots; wings with about basal half purplish-red spotted with
black, a transverse greyish fascia betore apical area, which is
piceous.
Length excl. tegm. 12 to 123; exp. tegm. 40 to 42 millim.
Hab. Sylhet. Assam; Dikrang Valley (dnd. Mus.).—China.
Like a small variety of the preceding species (L. ¢mperialis), but
differing by its much smaller size and by the black cellular areas
of the tegmina extending over three-fourths of their area.
EUPHRIA. 207
1720. Lycorma delicatula, White (Aphena), 4. M. N. H. xv, p. 37
(1845); Sta (Lycorma), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 150 (1885).
Var. operosa, Walk. (Apheena) List Hom. Suppl. p. 46 (1858).
Head and thorax above brownish-olivaceous ; abdomen above
piceous, much cretaceously tomentose and with the seg-
mental margins a little ochraceous; body beneath and legs
piceous, anal appendage sanguineous; tegmina pale greenish or
greenish-brown, with somewhat large scattered black spots, of
which about six are situate on the costal area, about apical third
with the venation closely reticulate and the reticulate areas
piceous, thus giving it a much darker appearance; wings with
more than basal half sanguineous spotted with black, a pale
bluish-green transverse macular fascia before apical area, which is
black.
Length excl. tegm. 15 to 154; exp. tegm. 41 to 53 millim.
Hab. Assam; Sibsagar ? (fide Atkinson). China.
I include this species on a doubtful locality of Atkinson, though
there is every probability that it occurs in the confines of British
India. It is allied to ZL. imperialis, from which it differs by the
little more elevated cephalic process and the smaller spots to the
tegmina and wings. The var. operosa, Walk., differs only in
the more testaceous hue of the tegmina, and the greyish not
bluish-green macular transverse fascia to the wings.
1721. Lycorma iole, Std, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 234 (1863) ; Atkins.
: J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 150 (1885).
‘“ Blackish ; the lateral posterior blotch on the vertex, thorax,
lateral margins of mesonotum, and the tegmina more or less
purely green-olivaceous ; the tegmina with 23-28 largish black
spots, the nearly third apical area black, green-veined ; wings
coccineous, with 8-10 black spots, piceous behind the middle, and
there with a shortened fascia green or bluish-green ; anal valvules
in female sanguineous.”
Length excl. tegm. 17 ; exp. tegm. 52 millim.
Hab. ‘* India orientalis” (Stockholm Mus.).
Closely allied to Z. delicatula, but larger (this remark of Stal’s
is evidently based on an examination of small specimens of
delicatula), cephalic process less prominent, and spots on tegmina
and wings larger.
I have not seen this species, and have reproduced Stal’s
‘description.
Genus EUFHRIA.
Euphria, Sta, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ; Atkins. J. A. S.
Beng. p. 150 (1858).
Type, 2. aurantia, Hope.
INstribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head with a very slender, acute, cephalic protuberance, reflexed
208 FULGORID®.
or erect ; face distinctly narrowed upward, abruptly narrower at
base, with two or three parallel elevated ridges; vertex broadly
sinuate at base; pronotum obscurely or scarcely medially carinate ;
anterior femora slightly ampliated above at apices ; posterior tibize
with four spines, unarmed above at base.
1722. Euphria aurantia, Hope (Aphana), Tr. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 448,
t. xxxi, f. 2 (1841) ; Sta@/ (Euphria), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232
(1863) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 161 (1885).
Aphana aurora, Hope, Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 133, t. xii, f. 2
(1845) ; Sta? (Euphria), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ;
Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. liv, p. 152 (1885).
Head, thorax above, sternum, and legs more or less virescent ;
abdomen orange-yellow, above very thickly clothed with creta-
ceous pile; tegmina pale green with a few obscure paler spots,
and a number of smaller cretaceous spots which are larger and in
regular series on the costal area; wings orange-yellow, green at
basal angle, and with a few scattered cretaceous spots; tegmina
with the extreme outer margin and a few small spots on apical
area of inner margin black, the last are thickly cretaceously
tomentose in the specimen figured; beneath both the apical
Fig. 90.—Euphiia aurantia.
areas of tegmina and wings are cretaceously tomentose, and the
obscure pale spots to tegmina above are very distinct beneath.
In old or rubbed specimens the tegmina are dull dark orange-
yellow, exhibiting the obscure paler spots, but with all the creta-
ceous spots obliterated ; the form figured by Hope as aurantia is
somewhat intermediate in this respect. The specimen figured and
described above is a fresh specimen. Other specimens have the
tegmina virescent with some of the longitudinal veins orange-
yellow ; but this character is purely varietal and often confined
to only one of the tegmina.
Length excl. tegm. 19 to 22; exp. tegm. 63 to 70 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (dnd. Mus.). Darjiling nd. Mus.). Assam; N.
Khisi and Naga Hills (Chennell).
EUPHRIA. 209
1723, Euphria apicata, sp. D.
Allied to the preceding species, but with the whole apex of the
tegmina pale testaceous, with its inner margin waved and fuscous.
Body and legs dull dark ochraceous; tegmina dull virescent,
with obscure dull paler spots, which are much more visible
beneath ; wings pale reddish-orange ; both tegmina and wings are
suffused with pale testaceous beneath, the tegmina on basal area,
and the wings more extensively and more maculately so.
Length excl. tegm., ¢, 21; exp. tegm. 70 millim.
Hab, Sikhim (Ind. Mus.).
This description is taken from a single somewhat faded specimen
in the Indian Museum ; but however the colour may vary in fresh
specimens, the testaceous apical area of the tegmina with its
internal fuscous fascia will render the species easy to distinguish.
The cephalic protuberance is also considerably more robust than in
EH. aurantia.
1724. Euphria submaculata, Westw. (Aphena) Dune. Nat. Libr. i,
p. 284, t. xxiv, f. 1 (1840); Sta? (Euphria), Stett. ent. Zeit.
xxiv, p. 282 (1863); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 151
(1885).
Aphana resima, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh, 1855, p. 190.
Head, thorax above, sternum, and legs dull ochraceous ; lateral
. margins of pronotum narrowly black ; abdomen above piceous or
black, segmental margins ochraceous, the whole more or less
covered with cretaceous pile; abdomen beneath dull testaceous,
abdominal margins piceous ; apices of tibize and the tarsi piceous
or black, under surfaces of the tibiae more or less virescent ;
tegmina above dull red, somewhat thickly covered with cretaceous
fasciate spots, those on costal area more regular and maculate,
extreme apical margin and some’spots on apical area of posterior
margin black ; tegmina beneath much brighter red, the cretaceous
spots above only palely visible beneath, but with an additional
cluster of small cretaceous spots on disk near apex, spots on
costal area bluish-black ; wings above piceous, anal and posterior
areas somewhat broadly, and apical margin narrowly, cretaceous,
the whole surface with somewhat large scattered cretaceous spots ;
wings beneath as above, but with black spots on basal area,
and cretaceous spots on apical area, which is also more or less
suffused with the same colour; mesonotum either obsoletely or
very distinctly tricarinate.
This description is taken from a fresh and _ bright-coloured
specimen; in most others which I have examined, and as in
Westwood’s figure (supra), the apical area of the wings is
brownish-ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 20 to 22; exp. tegm. 65 to 76 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (nd. Mus.). Darjiling (Coll. Dist.).
VOL. Ili. P
210 FULGORIDA.
725, Euphria consanguinea, sp. n.
Allied to the preceding species (2. submaculata), but differing in
the following particulars:—The tegmina above are without the
cretaceous spots, which are replaced by darker red, narrow, irre-
gular, transverse fasciz ; beneath the bluish-black spots on ‘costal
area are practically absent ; wings with the black coloration
confined to about basal fourth ; ; anterior tibize and tarsi black.
Structural specific characters in this and allied genera are
frequently difficult to discern, and individual judgments as to the
separation of species must frequently be formed, as in the study
of Lepidoptera.
Length excl. tegm. 153 to 203; exp. tegm. 52 to 70 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (Coll. Dist.). Assam; Naga Hills (Doherty, Coll.
Dist.).
726. Euphria burmanica, sp. n.
Body and legs ochraceous, vertex of head and legs a little
rosaceous ; apex of rostrum, narrow lateral margins of pronotum,
anterior tibia, apices of intermediate and posterior tibia, and all
the tarsi black or piceous; abdomen above more or less covered
with cretaceous pile ; tegmina above and beneath rosy-red, costal
margin with linear spots, outer margin (which is irregularly
maculate) and some small spots on apical area of posterior margin
black ; subobsolete cretaceous spots on costal and apical areas,
which are much more distinct beneath ; wings a little more dark
rosaceous than tegmina, the apex somewhat ochraceous, the anal
area and somewhat large scattered spots cretaceous-white above,
more obscure beneath ; mesonotum somewhat obsoletely tricarinate
in type, a non-constant specific character in this genus ; cephalic
process extending backward to about middle of pronotum ; rostrum
just passing the posterior coxe.
Length excl. tegm. 21; exp. tegm. 72 millim.
Hab. North India (Brit. Mus.). Burma; Karen Hills (Doherty,
Coll. Dist.).
1727. Euphria relata, sp. n.
Head and thorax above ochraceous ; lateral margins of pro-
notum and margins of mesonotum (excluding posterior angle)
black ; abdomen ‘above black, thickly covered with cretaceous pile ;
head beneath, sternum, and legs reddish-ochraceous, anterior and
intermediate tibiz and tarsi black ; abdomen beneath cretaceously
pilose ; tegmina above testaceous- “ved, finely cretaceously pilose,
the costal, outer, and apical area of posterior marginal areas
testaceous, the first and last spotted with white, the outer with its
extreme margin maculately olivaceous-green ; the costal vein and
a few spots on costal area black ; tegmina beneath purplish-red,
with a cluster of white spots on apical area; wings aboye orange-
BUPHURIA. 911
red, with about basal third black, spotted with cretaceous-white,
especially on black basal area, anal and basal half of posterior area
grevish ; wings beneath with the basal black area without white
spots, and the whole apical and posterior marginal areas broadly
greyish; rostrum just passing posterior cox; mesonotum not
or very obsoletely carinate.
Length excl. tegm. 21; exp. tegm. 73 millim.
E 5
Hab, Tenasserim; Donat Range (de Nicéville, Brit. Mus.).
1728. Euphria dissimilis, sp. ».
Head sanguineous; pronotum black, its margins narrowly
sanguineous ; mesonotum black, a large discal spot and its apical
angle sanguineous; abdomen black, the segmental margins san-
guineous, and more or less thickly covered with cretaceous pile ;
head beneath, sternum, and legs sanguineous; anterior femora
(excluding apex), anterior tibiz (excluding base), apices of inter-
mediate and posterior tibie, and all the tarsi black; abdomen
beneath black, the segmental margins ochraceous; teemina above
thickly and almost uniformly cretaceously tomentose, posterior half
of costal and the whole of outer marginal areas and some spots
at apex of posterior margin ochraceous, some black spots on basal
half of costal marginal area; tegmina beneath black, with some
red suffusions, outer area ochraceous, upper apical area cretaceous ;
wings above black, margins, anal area, and scattered spots creta-
ceous-white, beneath with the discal spots much more obsolete
‘and the cretaceous margins much broader ; cephalic process with
its apical area piceous; mesonotum not or very obsoletely carinate ;
rostrum with its apical area black, the apex just passing the
posterior cox.
Length excl. tegm. 19 to 24; exp. tegm. 55 to 75 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Donat Range (de Nicéville, Brit. Mus.).
1729. Euphria amabilis. Hope (Aphana), 7. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 132,
t. xii, f. 1 (1845); St@/ (Kuphria), Slett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232
(1863); Atkins. J. A. S, Beng. liv, p. 152 (1885).
Apheena lectissima, Walk. List Hom. Suppl. p. 45 (1858); Atkins.
(Euphria) J. 4. 8. Beng. liv, p. 151 (1885).
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina dull dark ochra-
ceous or greenish-ochraceous, costal area somewhat confluently
spotted with cretaceous, apical costal, outer, and apical posterior
marginal areas finely spotted with black, the disk with some some-
what large and irregular greenish spots, in some specimens obsolete
except on apical area ; tegmina beneath pale purphish-red, the apical
area as above with pale spots; wings with about basal two-thirds
bright purplish-red, remaining apical area greyish or virescent ;
central disk of pronotum and anterior disk of mesonotum medially
finely carinate ; rostrum passing posterior coxe.
Length excl. tegm. 21 to 23; exp. tegm. 68 to 73 millim.
P2
il FULGORID®.
Hab. * North India” (Brit. Mus.). Sylhet; Sikhim (Jnd. Mus.).
Assam ; Naga Hills (Doherty).
Hope’s figure (supra) was apparently taken from a very bright
specimen, with the discal spots on upper surface of tegmina white,
and with three transverse spots to pronotum, and one at base of
vertex, pale ochraceous ; in Walker’s type of Jectissima these are
faintly visible. The species is a variable one, but always to be
easily recognized by the distinct and beautiful coloration of the
wings.
Genus KALIDASA.
Phoronis, S¢@/, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 255 (1863), nom. preeocc.
Kalidasa, Kirk, Entomologist, xxxiii, p. 243 (1900), nom. n.
Type, A. sanguinalis, Westw.
Distribution. Oriental Region and China.
Head emitting from the base of the face a long, slender, mobile,
reflexed process (in dried specimens easily and frequently muti-
lated); face a little narrower at its anterior half, abruptly narrowed
at base, furnished with two obtuse parallel ridges, which are often
obliterated, lateral margins slightly sinuate on posterior half ;
vertex truncate at base; pronotum very finely medially carinate ;
anterior femora distinctly ampliated above near apices; posterior
tibiee with four spines and with a tubercle on their upper surface
at base.
1730. Kalidasa sanguinalis, Westw. (Aphana) A. M. N. H. (2) vii,
p- 208 (1851); StaZ (Phoronis), Stett. ent. fe Xxiv, p. 2d¢
(1865) ; Avrk. (Kalidasa) Entomologist, Se . 243 (1900) ;
Melich. Hom, Faun. Ceylon, p. 16, t. 1, £.3 (1903).
Head and thorax above pale testaceous; abdomen above testa-
Fig. 91.—Kalidasa sanguinalis.
ceous, thickly cretaceously tomentose ; head beneath and sternum
pale testaceous ; legs and abdomen "beneath pale sanguineous ;
KALIDASA. 213
cephalic process, jJateral narrow margins of pronotum, anterior
tibie and tarsi black; tegmina above reddish-testaceous, covered
with numerous black spots, which are larger and more regular
on costal area, outer marginal area broadly ochraceous, beneath
as above, but much tomentosely suffused with cretaceous; wings
cretaceous-white, the apical area and some obscure, waved, discal,
broken faseiz pale brownish-ochraceous ; pro- and mesonota
distinctly finely medially carinate; rostrum passing posterior cox ;
cephalic process extending a little beyond pronotum.
Length excl. tegm. 19; exp. tegm. 60 millim.
Hab, Ceylon (Green).
1751, Kalidasa nigro-maculata, Gray (Fulgora (Aphena)), Griff. An.
Kingd., Ins, 1, p. 260, t. xc, 1. 6; t.exxxvin, f. 1, ae (1832);
Guér. (Apheena) Voy. ’ Bélang. Dp 457 (1834) ; Westw. (Aphana)
Tr. Linn. Soe. xvii, p. 149 (1841); Std il Coren) Stett.
ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 2383 (1863); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv,
p-. 155 (1885).
Head reddish-brown, cephalic process black; thorax greenish-
brown ; abdomen above black, segmental margins narrowly yellow
and more or less cretaceously tomentose; abdomen beneath yellow ;
head beneath, sternum, and legs pale castaneous, anterior tibiz and
tarsi black ; tegmina purplish-brown, the costal, outer, and apical
posterior marginal areas olivaceous, the first anteriorly margined
and the other two reticulated with black; wings bluish-green,
‘the anal and apical areas and large discal spots black; pro- and
mesonota faintly medially carinate ; rostrum extending considerably
beyond the posterior coxe.
Length excl. tegm. 21; exp. tegm. 55 millim.
Hab, Andaman islands (dad. Mus. & Coll. Dist.)—Cochin
China.
1732, Kalidasa paulinia, Siyn. (Aphena) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1862,
p. 128, t.1, f. 6; Atkens. (Phoronis) J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 154
i885).
Head, thorax above, and abdomen beneath brownish-ochraceous ;
head beneath, sternum, and legs reddish-ochraceous or pale cas-
taneous ; narrow lateral margins of pronotum, two small rounded
spots on posterior area of mesonotum, abdomen above, anterior
tibie and tarsi black; last three segments of abdomen above
cretaceously tomentose, the segmental margins narrowly ochraceous ;
tegmina testaceous-red, the costal, outer, and apical posterior
marginal areas ochraceous, the first anteriorly margined and the
other two reticulated with black; wings pale fuscous, a little bluish-
green near base, the anal and apical : areas and large discal spots
piceous ; pro- and mesonota distinctly but finely medially carinate ;
rostrum considerably ge the posterior coxz.
Length excl. tegm. 20; exp. tegm. 56 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim (fide "Ath inson).— Cochin China.
214 FULGORID 2.
Stal preferred to regard A. paulinia as a colour-variety of the
preceding species. 1 have followed Signoret aud Atkinson in
treating it as distinct.
1733. Kalidasa albiflos, Walk. (Apheena) List Hom. ii, p. 280 (1851) ;
Atkins. (Aphana?) J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 148 (1885).
Head above ochraceous; thorax above olivaceous ; lateral margins
of pronotum narrowly ochraceous and inwardly black ; abdomen
above black, segmental margins ochraceous, posterior segments
cretaceously tomentose ; body beneath and legs testaceous-red ;
anterior and intermediate tibie and tarsi and sometimes the pos-
terior tibie (partly) black; tegmina piceous, much mottled with
greyish fasciate-like spots, apical or outer area brownish-testaceous
and finely reticulate, beneath this area is usually finely greyishly
tomentose; wings piceous, the apical, posterior, and anal areas
ereyish-white, in some specimens very pale fuscous-brown, the
piceous area mottled with bluish-grey irregular spots ; pronotum
subobsoletely medially carinate, the mesonotum with the carination
practically obsolete ; rostram very long, reaching the penultimate
abdominal segment.
Length excl. tegm. 17 to 20 ; exp. tegm. 47 to 55 millim.
Hab. Malabar (Brit. Mus). Bombay (Leith § Dixon, Coll. Dist.).
1734. Kalidasa dives, Walk. (Aphena) List Hom. ii, p. 280 (1851) :
Atkins. (Aphana ?) J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 147 (1885).
Euphria (?) walkeri, Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 152 (1885).
Greatly resembling the preceding species (A. albzflos), but smaller,
the rostrum longer and reaching the base of the abdominal anal
appendage ; sternum with piceous cuffusion ; tegmina with the
eround-colour reversed, being pale greenish-testaceous with very
numerous black spots, many of them fasciate in appearance, apical
or outer area as in A. albiflos, and wings scarcely differing from
those of that species.
Length excl. teem. 15; exp. tegm. 42 millim.
Hab. Malabar (Brit. Mus.).
Genus GEBENNA.
Gebenna, Std, Tr. E. S. (3) i, p. 582 (1863); 2d. Hem. Afr. iv,
p-. 135 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 154 (1885).
Type, G. sylvia, Stal.
Distribution. British India.
Head moderately broad, a little narrower than the pronotum,
not protuberant ; vertex transverse, its anterior margin straight,
posterior margin broadly sinuate; face subquadrate, moderately
amplified on both sides at junction with clypeus, median area
amplified upward, broadly subtruncate at apex, a little gibbous
POLYDICTYA. 215
before apical margin of vertex, not reflexed ; clypeus ecarinate ;
second joint of antenne transverse, produced upward from inser-
tion; pronotum medially unicarinate, roundly produced at apex
behind vertex; mesonotum about half longer than pronotum ;
tegmina scarcely ampliated but rounded at apex, costal margin
straight, longitudinal veins rarely furcate, small transverse veins
remotely scattered throughout the entire tegmina ; wings remotely
transversely veined beyond the middle; legs simple; posterior
tibize with four spines, their bases neither spinose nor tuberculate.
1735, Gebenna sylvia, Stal, Tr. E. S. (3) i, p. 583 (1863); Atkins.
J. A. 8. Beng. liv, p. 155 (1885).
Head, thorax above, sternum, and legs ochraceous ; rostrum
piceous; pronotum a little infuscate on each side of central cari-
nation and with small black
spots on each lateral area ;
mesonotum blackly punc-
tate on disk, some small
irregular black spots on
anterior margin, two spots
on each lateral margin
before apex, and a central
line on apex black; abdo-
Fig. 92.—Gebenna sylvia. men above black, with
three longitudinal discal
fascie and the segmental margins between them ochraceous ; face
somewhat thickly blackly punctate ; anterior and intermediate legs
with the femora spotted and the tibize annulated with black ;
abdomen beneath ochraceous, the lateral margins and transverse
spots at segmental margins black; tegmina from base to a little
beyond middle purplish-red, remotely and irregularly blackly-
punctate, costal marginal area virescent, apical area subhyaline, veins
fuscous and with a few subconfluent fuscous spots; wings vitreous,
palely virescent at base, where they are streaked and apically mar-
gined with piceous, veins piceous; pronotum with a medial acute
central carination, on each side of which is a broad longitudinal
ridge ; mesonotum acutely medially carinate and with a narrow
curved ridge on each side of disk; rostrum passing the posterior
coxe ; posterior tibiz with four spines.
Length excl. tegm. 13 to 17; exp. tegm. 39 to 47 millim.
Hab. “ North India” (Brit. Mus.). Nilgiri Hills (Hampson,
Coll, Dist.).
Genus POLYDICTYA.
Polydictya, Guér. Icon. Regne Anim., texte Ins. p. 358 (1830-4) 3
Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 135 (1866) ; Atkins. J. S, Beng. liv, p. 155
(1885). _
Thaumastodictya, Kirk. J. Bomb. Nat, Hist. Soc. 1902, p. 307.
Type, P. basalis, Guér.
216 FULGORID#.
Distribution. Oriental and Ethiopean Regions.
Head broad, vertex about four times as broad as the eyes; entire
tegmina more or less densely reticulate ; wings reticulate to near
base ; anterior tibiz sometimes moderately dilated ; face obtusely
rounded above, ampliated posteriorly, and distinctly broader than
the clypeus; tegmina elongate, three or sometimes nearly four
times longer than broad; spines to posterior tibiew variable in
number.
Melichar (Homop. Faun. Ceylon, p. 71, 1903) includes this
genus in the Eurybrachydine, an innovation which I cannot
follow.
1736. Polydictya basalis, Guér. Icon. Reyne Anim., texte Ins. p. 359
(1880-4) ; Hope (Eurybrachys), Zr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 134, t. xii,
f. G6 (1845); Sta (Polydictya), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862,
p- 500 ; Athins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 155 (1885).
Head, pronotum, sternum, and rostrum brownish-ochraceous ;
mesonotum, legs, and abdomen beneath brown or pale castaneous;
apices of anterior and intermediate tibize and the tarsi piceous ;
abdomen above purplish-red ; tegmina above brownish-ochreous,
the reticulate venation ochraceous,and with a basal, dark olivaceous,
transverse fascia, beneath (excluding apical area) the tegmina have
Fig. 953.—Polydictya basalis.
a pale olivaceous hue; wings fuscous-brown, basal anal area
purplish-red, a pale green longitudinal fascia more or less
margined posteriorly with black at base of costal area; pro-
notum with an obsolete discal broad carination ; rostrum reaching
but not passing the posterior cox; posterior tibie with five
spines.
Length excl. tegm. 21; exp. tegm. 46 to 60 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (Brit. Mus.).
Note. Stil (Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Firh. 1862, p. 500) stated that the
Bornean P. uniformis, Walk., was a synonym of this species. It
is, however, quite distinct.
POLYDICTYA. 217
1737. Polydictya negrito, sp. n.
Head and pronotum greenish-stramineous; mesonotum, sternum,
and legs brownish-ochraceous, apices of the femora olivaceous,
anterior and intermediate tibie black, with a broad pale ochraceous
annulation ; anterior and intermediate tarsi black ; abdomen
purplish-red, its dorsal surface black on basal area ; tegmina above
brownish-ochraceous, the reticulate venation ochraceous, the costal
and clayval areas suffused with black, the first with four marginal
ochraceous spots; beneath (excluding apical area) the tegmina are
suffused with indigo-blue; wings pale fuscous-brown, the reticulate
venation darker, with two elongate suboblique streaks at base pale
indigo-blue, the uppermost reaching costal area; pronotum with
a broad, subobsolete, medial carination; rostrum mutilated in
specimen described ; posterior tibie with six strong spines.
Length exel. tegm. 173; exp. tegm. 46 millim.
Hab, Andaman Islands (De Roepstorff, Coll. Dist.).
Allied to P. basalis but smaller, tegmina shorter and indigo-blue
beneath; anterior and intermediate tibie annulated ; posterior
tibizw with six spines.
1733. Polydictya affinis, Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lvii, p. 339 (1888).
Polydictya fervida, Gerst. MT. Ver. Vorpomm. xxvii, p. 25 (1896).
Head, thorax above, sternum, abdomen beneath, and rostrum
tawny-yellow; legs coral-red; abdomen above with about basal
half sanguineous, remainder ochraceous; tegmina above bluish-
virescent for about basal third, thence very pale fuscous-brown,
all the reticulate venation ochraceous, or near base greenish-
ochraceous; beneath (excluding apical area) the tegmina are more
or less suffused with pale bluish, somewhat distinctly blackly
maculate near base; wings very pale fuscous semi-hyaline, the
venation fuscous-brown, the base purplish-red; pronotum distinctly
medially carinate on its posterior half; rostrum passing the pos-
terior cox ; posterior tibize with four spines.
Length excl. tegm. 16; exp. tegm. 55 to 58 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (fide Atkinson). Darjiling (Coll. Dist.).
1739. Polydictya tricolor, Westw. (Lystra) Are. Ent. ii, p. 35,
t. lvii, f. 4 (1845); Walk. (Polydictya) List Hom. ii, p. 290
(1851); Atkins. (Polydictya?) J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 156
(1885).
Head ochraceous, with two piceous spots at base of vertex ;
pronotum black, with the lateral and posterior margins broadly
testaceous ; mesonotum black; abdomen above sanguineous, its
extreme base narrowly somewhat piceous; face ochraceous; a
large spot to clypeus and body beneath piceous; legs and
abdominal anal appendage testaceous-red; tegmina with nearly
basal half ochraceous, with two transverse series of black spots,
the first near base, the second (three in number) at about one-
third from base, remainder of tegmina uniformly fuscous-brown ;
218 FPULGORIDA.
wings sanguineous, apical area broadly fuscous-brown. posterior
margin very pale fuscous; pronotum distinctly medially carinate
on its anterior half; rostrum reaching posterior cox ; posterior
tibiz with four spines, the one nentee base very short.
Length excl. tegm. 13; exp. tegm. 45 millim.*
Hab. Assam. Darjiling (O. Muller, Coll, Dist.).
1740. Polydictya krisna, Kirk. (Polydictya) J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc.
xiv, 1902, p. 49, pl. A, f.4; ad. (Thaumastodictya) did. p. 307.
Head, thorax above, face, clypeus, and rostrum ochraceous ;
body beneath and legs fuscous-brown ; abdomen above san-
guineous, its disk slightly fuscous ; the anal appendage ochraceous ;
tegmina with a little more than basal third stramineous much
spotted witb black, remainder with the close reticulate venation
ochraceous, the reticulate areas piceous, beneath the tegmina are
a little brighter than above; w ings sanguineous, the apical area
(broadly) and the posterior margin pale fuscous with the venation
reddish-brown ; pronotum broadly medially ridged on its anterior
half ; rostrum reaching or passing middle of abdomen ; posterior
tibiz with five spines.
Length excl. tegm. 134; exp. tegm. 38 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Kandy and Pundaluoya (Green).
The above description and dimensions are taken from a cotype
kindly sent to me by Mr. Green; the species seems very closely
allied to P. pantherina, Gerst., which I have not seen.
1741. Polydictya pantherina, Gerst, MT. Ver. Vorpomm. xxvii, p. 26
(1396),
Testaceous, somewhat shining; legs black; tegmina with
multitudinous black spots, apex somewhat subinfuscate ; wings
posteriorly sanguineous, apically broadly fuscous.
Nearer to P. tricolor, Westw., by the less dense reticulation at
base of tegmina, but widely removed by colour ; vertex with a flat
and uneven basal prominence; face convex, very shining, both
sides with a large thin excavated impression, clypeus only
deepened at base ; “rostrum extending to base of posterior femora ;
head, pro- and mesonota light yellowish- -brown, the former with a
continuous central keel ; metanotum sanguineous; legs black,
intermediate tibice before apices and posterior legs to a greater
extent rust-colour ; tegmina extended as in P. ‘tricolor, “nearly
parallel, at the apices obliquely truncated, above dull ochraceous,
* These dimensions are taken from two specimens in my own collection.
Westwood’s figure represents a much larger specimen, and Atkinson gives the
dimensions, probably taken from this figure, as 165 and 56-57 millim.
+ Kirkaldy (supra) describes the number of these spines as ‘‘ 6-7,” but in one
of his labelled cotypes, kindly sent me by Mr. Green, the number is distinctly
only five. It may also be mentioned that in Kirkaldy’s figure the reticulate
venation to the wings has been omitted.
BURYBRACHYDIN A. 219
towards tips more luteous with numerous larger and smaller dull
black spots, rather irregularly tessellated, so that the basal third
appears less maculate, while in costal area there are four darker
and more prominent spots, beneath to three-fifths of length
more or less bone-yellow, the brown apical area suffused with
sanguineous ; posterior wings coloured as in tricolor, that is, with
a decided bow-shaped border of the sanguineous basal area, but
the brown apical area not blackish, but more umber-brown, caused
by the lhght red reticulation on a dark ground-colour ; abdomen
piceous, spotted with sanguineous, the genital appendage rust-
colour.
Length excel. tegm. 15; exp. tegm. 43 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (fide Gerstaecker).
I have not seen this species, and have given what seems to be
the salient points in Gerstaecker’s description.
In the ‘ Insecta Saundersiana’ (p. 37), Walker has described
& species (Lchetra semiluten) to which he has appended the
locality ‘“‘ Hindostan.” This is a strange error, for not only is the
specimen labelled “ Pard,” but in his description of the genus
which he founded for the reception of the species he wrote:
“ This genus seems to replace in South America the Asiatic genus
Dichopter at.”
Subfamily Il. HURYBRACHYDIN A.
Eurybrachydida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 129 (1866).
Eurybrachydina, Sta, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 753
Eurybrachide, Melich. (part.) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p- 66 (1903).
Anal area of wings very rarely reticulate, if so, the clypeus
convex without lateral ridges ; posterior tibize without a mobile
spur at apex; face broad, transverse, or almost equally long and
broad, angularly ampliated on each side ; anterior legs compressed,
more or less dilated.
With many of the genera of this subfamily the specific differen-
tiation is to be chiefly found in the coloration, as is the case with
the Lepidoptera. The principal structural characters are detailed
in the generic diagnoses and are very constant, and therefore in
the specitic descriptions it serves no useful purpose to repeat
them.
Synopsis of Genera.
A, Eyes spinose beneath.
a. Wings not or scarcely broader than
tegmina.
a. Face scarcely or only a little broader
than pronotum.
a’. Tegmina normal, without an apical
filamentous appendage ; posterior
tibize with five spines ............ EURYBRACHYS, p. 220.
220 FULGORIDA.
a*. Tegmina with an apical filamentous
appendage ; posterior tibie with
fOUMISPINES' f2 5 cue. Seber eels ANCYRA, p. 225
a ace distinctly broader than pronotum.
Tegmina and wings moderately broad,
the apex of the latter broadly
rounded; posterior tibiae with six
SPINES: © AGL ate raha eae Sree 5 MEssENA, p. 226.
}*. Tegmina very long and narrow, very
much longer than wings, the apices
of which are obtusely subangulate ;
posterior tibize with six spines ..., Nuicrpvs, p. 229.
b. Wings broader than tegmina.
c. Vertex of head distinctly sinuate at
base ; median longitudinal area of
WANGS<Cll atediyes one sraldeumomM lever ae THESSITUS, p. 250.
d. Vertex of head either very slightly
sinuate at base or truncate; wings
without a dilated area.
e. Head (including eyes) about as broad
2S PT ONOGUMN Se pmeeren aaeriee erases LOxOCEPHALA, p. 282.
ce’, Head (including eyes) considerably
narrower than pronotum.......... Nests, p. 235.
B, Eyes not spimose beneath ................ Fructis, p. 254.
Genus EURYBRACHYS.
Eurybrachys, Guér. Voy. ee Ind.-Orient. p. 475 (1834) ;
Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, 1839, p. 367; Stal, Rio Jan. Hem. ii,
p- 67 (1858); zd. Stett. ent. Lert. XXIV, p. 245 (1865) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 18 (1886).
Type, £. lepelletiert, Gueér.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Wings moderate in size, not or scarcely broader than the
tegmina; head very broad, slightly prominent before the eyes,
gene narrow, antenne short cylindrical, front about as broad or
only slightly broader than the pronotum, eyes beneath distinctly
spinose ; tegmina with the clavus very broad at apex; posterior
tibie with fe spines.
A. Wings white, their apical areas unspotted.
1742. Eurybrachys lepelletieri, Guér. Voy. Bélang. Ind.-Orient.
p- 476 (1834) ; Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 369; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 15 (1886).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and abdomen above and beneath
ochraceous ; metanotum, base of abdomen, sternum, and legs
purplish-red ; rostrum, posterior tibie and tarsi, and transverse
fasci to abdomen beneath black; tegmina greenish-ochraceous
(in faded or spirit-specimens almost ochraceous), with a spot at
base and a transverse fascia near base rosy-red, on apical half
there are two curved transverse fascis which are more ochraceous
EURYBRACHYS. 221
and less red, the apical marginal area greyish; wings creamy-
white ; vertex with two fovexe, somewhat wide apart ; pronotum
with a transverse series of four
foveate spots, the two central ones
somewhat contiguous ; mesonotum
with four foveate spots, the two
central ones widest apart; ros-
trum almost reaching the posterior
cox ; posterior tibie with the basal
Fig. 94. spine ’ smallest.
Eurybrachys lepelletieri. Length excl. tegm. 10 to 11;
exp. tegm. 21 to 25 millim.
Hab. Bengal, Bombay (Coll. Dist.). Nilgiri Hills (Hampson).
1743. Eurybrachys venusta, Sti, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 245
(1863) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 14 (1886).
Head and pronotum olivaceous-green; lateral and posterior
margins of pronotum, mesonotum, metanotum, sternum, and legs
dull purplish-red ; abdomen ochraceous, apically thickly furnished
with waxy-white efflorescence, beneath with transverse black
fascise ; posterior tibiz more or less infuscate or piceous ; tegmina
with about basal half olivaceous-green with paler spots, margined
outwardly and posteriorly with dull reddish, the same colour at
extreme base, remaining area of tegmina dull greyish with the
venation eabolie aceous, tegmina beneath with the basal half dull
red, remaining area more or less cretaceous, the venation darker ;
wings cretaceous-white, the venation very pale ochraceous, extreme
base sanguineous; tegmina short and broad, about twice longer
than broad.
Length excl. tegm. 9 to 10; exp. tegm. 20 to 25 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills ( fide Stal), Travancore (Coll. Dist.).
1744, Eurybrachys manifesta, sp. n.
Head (including face) smooth shining ochraceous, vertex with
two discal indentations ; pronotum ochraceous, its base san-
guineous; mesonotum sanguineous; abdomen ochraceous, its
base, sternum, and legs sanguineous ; rostrum, posterior tibia and
tarsi fuscous ; some transverse discal fascize to abdomen beneath
piceous ; tegmina greyish, with about basal half (excluding inner
and extreme costal margins) rosy-red, somewhat obsoletely spotted
with ochraceous, the whole of the venation ochraceous; wings
ereyish white, a little rosy-red on basal area, the venation
ochraceous ; rostrum robust, reaching the posterior cox ; abdomen
broad, its lateral margins prominently convexly waved; anal
valves large, broad, and spatular.
Length excl. tegm. 9; exp. tegm. 22 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills (Hampson, Coll. Dist.). Coonoor (Davison,
Brit. Mus.).
2999 FULGORIDZ.
aaa
1745. Eurybrachys apicata, Dist. Tr. E. S, 1892, p. 281.
Body and legs dull sanguineous ; head (excluding eyes) pale |
ochraceous ; posterior tibiz a little infuscate ; abdomen (in typical
specimen) in somewhat mutilated condition, but beneath clearly
seen to be black with ochraceous segmental margins ; tegmina pale
olivaceous-green, the extreme base and a broad transverse fascia
at apex dull purplish-red; wings pale greyish, with nearly the
basal half dull purplish-red.
Length excl. tegm. 8: exp. tegm. 18 millim.
Hab. *‘ India” (Coll. Dist.).
I only know this very distinct species by a single specimen in
somewhat mutilated condition, and labelled simply “ India,” as
in bygone days was a too frequent practice.
B. Wings white, their apical areas with black transverse spots.
1746. Eurybrachys spinosa, Fair. (Cicada) Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 520
(1798) ; Coqueb. Lil. 11, p. 35, t. ix, f. 4 (1799); Fabr. (Lystra)
Syst. Ehyng. p. 58 (1808); Spin. (Eurybrachys) Ann. Soe.
Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 369; Atkins, J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 15
(1886).
A specimen in my collection, which I identify as this species,
has the head, pronotum, mesonotum, and abdomen above and
beneath ochraceous ; about apical half of abdomen above, apex of
abdomen beneath, metanotum, sternum, and legs purplish-red,
posterior tibiee and tarsi black; tegmina virescent, with three
ereenish-white transverse fascie, the basal fascia shortest and con-
fined to the posterior half of tegmina, and an elongate transverse
black spot near apex of posterior margin (Coquebert’s figure
exhibits two transverse spots); wings creamy-white, with two
transverse black spots on apical area ; structural characters
apparently as in &. lepelletieri, Guer.
Length excl. tegm. 8; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hab. Madras (Coll. Dist.).
Tam in doubt as to the above being the species described by
Fabricius, but hesitate to describe it as new. It agrees in the
colour of the tegmina and the absence of apical black dots as
described by Burmeister, but the posterior tibize are black, and
therefore the legs not wholly red as described by Fabricius and
figured by Coquebert. Neither of these authors described the
wings.
1747. Eurybrachys tomentosa, Fabr, (Cicada) Syst. Ent. ii, p. 324
(1775) ; zd. (Lystra) Syst. Rhyng. p. 60 (1803); Amy. § Serv.
(Eurybrachys) Hém. p. 517 (1848); Stal, Hem, Fabr. ii, p. 100
(1869) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 14 (1886).
EBURYBRACHYS. 223
Lystra bimaculata, Fadr. Syst. Rhyng. p. 60 (1803) ; Stal
(Eurybrachys), Hem. Fabr. ii, p. 100 (1869) ; Atkins. J. A. 8.
Beng. lv, p. 14 (1886). "
Kurybrachys fraterna, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1858, p. 450;
Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 67, t. iii, f. 15 (1905),
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greenish-olivaceous ; meta-
notum, sternum, and legs purplish-red; abdomen fuscous or
brownish-ochraceous, in fresh specimens studded above with small
tufts of, and the apex broadly clothed with, white waxy efflo-
rescence ; posterior tibize and tarsi black or fuscous; transverse
fasciee to abdomen beneath black; tegmina olivaceous-green, with
small scattered spots and oblique transverse discal fascie
flavescent, the apical marginal area with a double series of small
shining black spots and a larger spot near apex of posterior
margin; wings creamy-white, with two obliquely transverse black
fasciz on apical area.
Length excl. tegm. 6 to 9; exp. tegm. 18 to 25 millim.
Hab. Bombay (Diwon). Nilgiri Hills (Hampson). Bangalore
(Cameron). Ceylon (Green).
This is a most variable—both in size and colour—species to
identify. Typical and fresh forms are as above described, and as
correctly described but inefficiently figured by Melichar (supra),
whose artist has made the fasciz of the tegmina to appear as
black ; in some specimens these fasciz are testaceous, in others
macular and much broken. In faded specimens the tegmina are
ochraceous, with the fascize only a little paler and subobsolete. I
ai satisfied that tomentosa, Fabr., bimaculata, Fabr., and fraterna,
Stal, are conspecific; whether there may not be another closely
allied species among the other small forms I include is at least
possible, though I think improbable. There appears to be a variety
with the legs concolorous.
C. Wings infuscated or fuscous, their apical areas with a
transverse white fuscia.
1748. Eurybrachys apicalis, Walk. (issus) List Hom. ii, p. 368
(1851); Stéd (Kurybrachys) Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1362, p. 488.
Eurybrachys subfasciata, Walk, List Hom. ii, p. 391 (1851);
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 17 (1886).
Head and pronotum dull stramineous or ochraceous ; mesonotum
testaceous or fuscous-testaceous ; abdomen above, sternum, and
legs testaceous, or in faded specimens ochraceous; abdomen
beneath and posterior tibie and tarsi black, the first with the
lateral and narrow segmental margins ochraceous ; rostrum
piceous; tegmina pale tawny-brown, sometimes a little darkly
speckled on basal half, apical area with two prominent black
spots—one on anterior, the other on posterior margin (the
uppermost sometimes absent)—and a series of minute black spots
224 FULGORID ®.
on the apical marginal area; wings very pale fuscous, the apical
area black or dark fuscous, containing a_ transverse white
fascia.
Length excl. tegm. 53 to 63; exp. tegm. 15 to 18 millim.
Hab. North Bengal (Brit. Mus.). Bombay (Dixon). Bangalore
(Coll. Dist.). Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).
1749. Eurybrachys dilatata, Walk. List Hom. ii, p. 392 (1851);
Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 67 (1903).
Very closely allied to the preceding species (#. apicalis), but with
the abdomen above as beneath, viz., black with the lateral and the
segmental margins ochraceous; legs less sanguineous and more
fuscous; thorax above wholly tawny-brown speckled with fuscous ;
base of abdomen narrowly sanguineous ; other characters as in
E. apicalis.
Length excl. tegm. 7; exp. tegm. 14 to 153 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills (Hampson). Ceylon (Brit. Mus.), Hambantota
(Green).
It is quite possible that this is only a varietal form of FE. apicalis,
Walk., but at present there is no more reason for that conclusion
than there is for its specific distinctness, which at least seems more
probable.
1750. Eurybrachys? rubricincta, Walk. Ins. Saund., Hom. p. 46
(1858) ; Atkins. (Eurybrachys ?) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 16 (1886).
The type of this species is not now to be found in the British
Museum, or it may have been sunk as a synonym of some other
species by Walker himself without published comment. I there-
fore, under the circumstances, give his original description :—
“Testaceous. Vertex transverse, short, slightly arched, with a
brown dot on each side; front flat, smooth, transverse, dilated and
angular on each side; face small. Thorax slightly marked with
brown. Prothorax slightly convex in front, with a slight middle
keel. Mesothorax with three slight keels. Metathorax bright
crimson. Legs bright-red; anterior legs much dilated. Fore
wings pale luteous, whitish at the tips, with three spotted green
bands ; some black marks on the veins, three black dots near the
interior angle, and two black submarginal points. Hind wings
snow-white with two black spots in front, the second almost
apical. Male. Abdomen with foliaceous apical appendages.
Female. Abdomen towards the tip with a mass of snow-white
filaments.” ( Walker.)
‘“‘ Length of the body 33 lines ; of the wings 3 lines.”
Hab, *“* North Hindostan.”
ANCYRA. 225
Genus ANCYRA.
Ancyra, White, A. M. N. H. xv, p. 84 (1845) ; Athins. J. A. S. Beng.
liv, p. 156 (1885).
Type, A. appendiculata, White.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Eyes with a tuberculous spine beneath ; head (including eyes) a
little broader than the pronotum ; anterior margin of front with
a well-developed ridge; face oblique, much broader than long,
with transverse rugose lines ; clypeus narrow ; pronotum slightly
broader than mesonotum, with three discal longitudinal ridges ;
tegmina narrow in male, much broader in female, distinctly
notched on posterior margin at claval apex, narrowed at apical!
area in male, and in this sex provided with a long apical process,
apical area not narrowed but broadly apically rounded in female
and provided with a somewhat short dentate apical process ;
venation longitudinal, with very indistinct transverse veinlets ;
wings in both sexes about as broad as tegmina, elongate, a little
broadened medially and provided in the female with a short
robust apical process ; anterior femora compressed, moderately
dilated ; anterior tibiee strongly dilated, posterior tibie with four
spines.
1751. Ancyra appendiculata, White, A. M. N. H. xv, p. 34 (1845) ;
Westw. Cab. Orient. Ent. P. (Ae be meXeXEX Val £5 (1848) ; Dist.
J. A. S. Beng. xlviii (2), p. 88 (1879).
$. Head, pro- and mesonota, and
sternum brownish- ochraceous; anterior
margin of front, margins of pronotum,
and posterior angle of mesonotum
narrowly fuscous; face with margins
and transverse rugose lines fuscous ;
legs piceous, more or less speckled with
Fig. 95. pale brownish ; metanotum and basal
Ancyra appendiculata, @. half of abdomen sanguineous, apical
half ochraceous with its dorsal disk
black ; tegmina shining brownish-ochraceous, the apical appen-
dages black; wings Dt their apical margins palely fuscous.
@. Resembling ¢, but with the tegmina much broader and
apically broadly aed ; above dull purplish-red, with the apical
area united to a preceding oblique transverse fascia, and a number
of small spots on basal half, greyish ; beneath more uniformly and
brightly purple-red, with the apical margin ochraceous ; wings
generally as in male, but with a tooth-like apical appendage ;
abdomen much covered with white waxy efflorescence.
Length excl. tegm., ¢ 6, 9 9; exp. tegm., 5 20, 2 23 to
26 millim.
Hab. Burma: Moulmein (fide Wright); Tenasserim, Myitta
(Doherty).
VOL. III. Q
226 FULGORID®.
1752. Ancyra histrionica, Stdi, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 245 (1863) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 157 (1885).
2. Fusco-ferruginous; face yellow-ferruginous, adorned with
five subelevated narrow black bands; tegmina obscurely ferru-
gineous, basal part and oblique band behind the middle flavescent,
apical callus black, apical appendage fuscescent - ochraceous ;
abdomen flavescent (when alive sanguineous ?), apex covered with
a mouldy pubescence; feet blackish. Closely allied to A. appen-
diculata ; tegmina, especially behind the middle, broader ; apical
appendage shorter, fuscescent-ochraceous not black-fuscous, apical
callus smaller ; wings broader and their apical process shorter.
Length excl. tegm., 9, 11; exp. tegm. 26 miilim.
Hab. Burma; Pegu (fide Atkinson).—Cambodia.
T have not seen this species.
Genus MESSENA.
Messena, Stal, Rio Jan. Hem. ii, p. 67 (1858); id. Stett. ent. Zeit.
xxiv, p. 246 (1863) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 12 (1886).
Type, WW. pulverosa, Hope.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Wings somewhat narrow, either not so broad or scarcely
broader than the tegmina; head very broad, distinctly angularly
prominent before the eyes, gene broad, front distinctly broader
than the pronotum, vertex subequal in length to pronotum, eyes
beneath distinctly spinose ; tegmina with the clavus very broad at
apex; posterior tibice with six spines.
A. Wings white, with submarginal black spots.
1753. Messena pulverosa, Hope (Eurybrachis), 7. Linn. Soc. xix,
p. 134, t. xii, f. 7, a, & (1845) ; Stal (Messena), Rio Jan. Hem.
ii, p. 67 (1862); td. Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 246 (1863) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 17 (1886).
Messena burmanica, Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lvii, p. 3840 (1888).
Head and thorax above ochraceous speckled with brown, and
with two small fuscous discal spots on pronotum ; abdomen dull
sanguineous, apex with a long white coarse pilose appendage
(easily mutilated and fre-
quently absent in cabinet
specimens); face bright
reddish - ochraceous, its
margins and the clypeus
ochraceous ; sternuin and
legs virescent, anterior
legs spotted with black,the
tarsi and nearly the whole
of the posterior tibiz
Fig. 96.—Messena pulverosa. black; disk of abdomen
beneath with alternate
black and ochraceous transverse fascia ; tegmina with about basal
_—
MESSENA. 227
half (not reaching costal margin) virescent, with the venation
darker, remaining area pale greyish with the venation fuscous,
about three small black spots on virescent area, and two and some
very much smaller black spots on apical area; wings cretaceous,
with three subapical white spots; rostrum short, piceous, about
reaching the intermediate coxe.
Length excel. tegm. 144 to 15; exp. tegm. 50 to 55 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (Brit. Mus.). Malabar (Coll. Dist.). Burma ;
Palon (Bingham).
The type of MW. burmanica, Atkins., is now contained in the
collection of the British Museum; it is a faded specimen of
M. pulverosa in which the basal green coloration of the tegmina
has become tawny-brown.
1754. Messena nebulosa, S¢él, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 246 (1863) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 18 (1886).
Head, thorax, sternum, and legs ochraceous; anterior legs
spotted with black, posterior tibiz (excluding base) piceous, tarsi
more or less piceous ; abdomen sanguineous, beneath with alter-
nate discal black and ochraceous transverse fasciz#; head and
thorax above finely mottled with fuscous-brown ; abdominal anal
appendage ochraceous ; tegmina very pale tawny-greyish, with
irregular scattered piceous “mottlings on basal half not reaching
costal area, and three subapical marginal spots and smaller apical
spots or dots piceous; wings cretaceous, with three subapical
black spots ; rostrum mutilated in specimen described.
Closely allied to the preceding species (VW. pulverosa). Stal
describes the tegmina and wings as narrower, the former not
amplified towards the apex, but these differences do not exist in
my specimens. The differences are principally those of colour,
but the two species seem undoubtedly distinct.
Length excl. tegm. 15; exp. tegm. 47 to 50 millim.
Hab. Malabar (Col/. Dist.).—Malay Peninsula. Cambodia.
1755. Messena punctifera, Walk. (Eurybrachys) List Hom. ii, p. 3883
(1851); Dist. J. A. S. Beng. xiviii (2), p. 38 (1879) ; ‘Atkins.
op. Cit. ly, p- 16 (1886).
Body above pale fawn-colour, head and thorax above finely
mottled with tawny-brown; body beneath and legs paler and
more ochraceous, anterior tibie and apical areas of anterior
femora somewhat thickly speckled with piceous, intermediate
tibie outwardly mottled with piceous, tarsi with fuscous annu-
lations ; abdomen beneath with transverse abdominal segmental
piceous fascie ; tegmina very pale fawn-colour, the venation
darker and in parts testaceous, the costal and apical areas
irregularly a little paler, the last ornamented with very small
piceous spots continued a little along the extreme posterior
margin, where the largest spot is situate; wings creamy-white
Q2
928 FULGORID.
with pale fuscous suffusion, a transverse black spot near or at apex
and a smaller one a little before it on posterior margin ; rostrum
reaching intermediate coxee, a little fuscous at base; face very
slightly granulose, with a few transverse narrow linear brown
spots.
Length excl. tegm. 103; exp. tegm. 373 miliim.
Hab. Madras (Brit. Mus.). Tenasserim.
1756. Messena radiata, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1892, p. 280, t. xiii, f. 1.
Head and thorax above ochraceous, with irregular darker
markings; face ochraceous, its anterior margin speckled with
fuscous: abdomen above sanguineous, its lateral margins and
anal appendages orange-yellow ; sternum and legs pale ochraceous,
anterior femora and tibiz finely spotted with black ; posterior
tibiz (excluding base), rostrum (excluding apex), and posterior
coxal spots black ; abdomen beneath orange-yellow, the segmental
margins and apex more or less fuscous; tegmina with almost
basal half ochraceous shaded with purplish towards its margins
and with a few small scattered discal purplish spots, remaining
area pale greyish-brown, with a central subapical spot, a spot near
apex of inner margin, and some very small scattered spots on
apical margin black; wings pale greyish, with three subapical
marginal black spots.
Length excl. tegm. 12; exp. tegm. 36 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills (/ampson).
B. Wings white, with the basal area sanguineous and with
submarginal black spots.
1757. Messena crudelis, Westw. (Eurybrachys) A. MW. N. H. (2) vii.
p- 208 (1851) ; Aik. J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soe. xiv, p. 51 (1902) ;
Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 69 (1903).
Eurybrachys westwoodi, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 146,
t. vi, f. 1 (1891); Azrk. (Messena) Entomologist, xxxiii,
p- 294 (1900); Melich, (Kurybrachys-Messena) Hom. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 69 (1903).
Head and thorax above brownish ochraceous with darker
mottlings, and with two or three small discal piceous spots on
pronotum; abdomen above sanguineous with cretaceous pilose
spots and with a mass of cretaceous waxy efflorescence at apex;
body beneath brownish ochraceous: rostrum, coxal spots, bases
of femora, posterior tibie and tarsi, lateral spots and transverse
discal fascize to abdomen beneath black ; tegmina either greyish-
white with the veins fuscous and about basal half bluish-green, or
pale fuscous-brown with the basal half darker, but in this case
bluish-green beneath, about three discal piceous spots on basal
area, and smaller spots or dots ou apical area, frequently
a prominent black spot near apex of inner margin; wings
NICIDUS. 229
cretaceous white, with about basal third bright sanguineous, and
with three black submarginal apical spots.
Length exc!. tegm. 11 to 13; exp. tegm. 44 to 55 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Kandy, Dambool (Gr een).
Westwood described the species from a faded specimen, in
which the green coloration of the tegmina had become obsolete ;
Kirby’s description applies to fresh specimens.
C. Wings greyish, with the upper basal area black and with
submarginal black spots.
1758. Messena sinuata, Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lvii, p. 339 (1888).
Head and thorax above pale tawny-brown, irregularly spotted
with piceous ; abdomen above and the mesosternum sanguineous,
abdominal apex covered with cretaceous waxy efflorescence ; face,
prosternum, legs, and abdomen beneath pale tawny-brown ; face
and anterior and intermediate legs spotted and mottled with
piceous; anterior tibie and posterior legs piceous; abdomen
beneath with lateral spots and transverse discal fascie black ;
tegmina with about basal two-thirds, obliquely narrowing to costal
margin at about one-third from base, purplish-red, somewhat
transve rsely marked by maculate black fasciz, the costal margin
with small black spots, remaining area pale dull ochraceous
with clusters of black mottled mar kings on apical area and above
the termination of the basal purplish area; wings greyish-ochra-
ceous, a large black longitudinal fascia on the anterior area
widened outwardly and truncately terminating at about two-thirds
trom base, apical area with three submarginal black spots, the
two uppermost sometimes confluent.
Length excl. tegm. 15; exp. tegm. 36 millim.*
Hab. Trivandram (Ferguson). Nileiri Hills (Hampson).
Genus NICIDUS.
Nicidus, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1858, p. 451; Melich. Hom.
Faun, Ceylon, p. 69 (1903).
Kandiana, Dist. Tr. £. S. 1892, p. 280.
Type, V. fusco-nebulosus, Stal.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Body oblong; head broad, broader than pronotum, anteriorly
and obsoletely angularly rounded, vertex about half as long as
broad, face much “flattened and approaching plane of sternum,
strongly angularly produced in front of eyes; clypeus moderately
convex ; antenne short, not passing beyond eyes, which are strongly
* Atkinson gives 46 millim. as the expanse of tegmina, but this is probably
a misprint.
230 FULGORIDE.
spined; pronotum transverse, a little shorter than mesonotum ;
tegmina very long, about half as long again as body, the apex
a little narrowed, venation reticulate, more obsoletely so at
base; wings about as broad as, but one-third shorter than,
tegmina; anterior tibixe moderately compressed and dilated,
posterior tibiae with six spines.
1759. Nicidus fusco-nebulosus, Sta, Ofv. Vet-Ak. Fork. 1858,
p- 451; Mehch. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 70, t. iii, f. 14 (1903).
Kandiana lewisi, Dist. Tr. £. S. 1892, p. 280, t. xiii, f. 2.
Body above and abdomen beneath warm ochraceous ; face, ster-
num, and legs more stramineous ; apices of anterior femora, and the
anterior tibiz and tarsi, thickly mottled
with fuscous, intermediate tibie and
tarsi less thickly mottled with fuscous ;
body above with darker mottlings or
shadings; tegminasubbyaline, venation
brownish-ochraceous, with irregular
* mottlings and spots of the same colour,
Fie. 97 basal area more fuscously maculate,
g. 97. :
Nicidus fusco-nebulosus. and just before apex the spots become
almost fasciate; wings pale obscure
ochraceous-brown, the apex greyish preceded by a transverse
fuscous spot.
Length excl. tegm. 9; exp. tegm. 32 to 35 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Lewis); Kandy (Green).
This species appears to be confined to the island of Ceylon.
Genus THESSITUS.
Thessitus, Walk. Journ. Ent. i, p. 3807 (1862); Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak.
Forh. 1870, p. 753; Atkins, J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 12 (1886).
Thessita, Stal, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, pp. 246-7 (1863).
Type, 7. mortuifolia, Walk., from the Malayan Region.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Wings ample, broader than the tegmina; head with the lateral
angles of the front much produced, vertex distinctly sinuate at base ;
antenne short, cylindrical ; clavus broad at apex, the two longi-
tudinal veins separated throughout their whole length ; median
longitudinal area of wings dilated and with the outer area of
wings furnished with transverse veins; posterior tibiz with six
spines; anterior and intermediate femora and tarsi somewhat
strongly dilated: rostrum reaching the posterior cox ; anterior
and anterior-lateral margins of face with two ridges, between
which the surface is concave ; tegmina with about apical half, and
the costal area (excluding base) with the venation, reticulate.
THESSITUS. el
A. Vertex of head not quite twice broader than long.
a. Tegmina with the apical margins oblique.
1760. Thessitus insignis, Westw. (Eurybrachys) A. M. N. H. ix,
p. 119 (1842) ; Hope (Kurybrachis), Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 134,
t. xi. f. 9 (1845): Stal, (Thessita) Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 247
(1863) ; Atkins. (Thessitus) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 19 (1886).
~ Var. multicolor, Walk, (Kurybrachys) J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 88
(1856).
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous ; tarsiand rostrum fuscous ;
apex of abdomen (in fresh specimens) more or less covered and
concealed with white waxy efflorescence ; tegmina above pale fawn-
coloured, about basal half (not wholly reaching costal margin )
Fig. 98.— Thessitus insignis.
darker in hue and ornamented with transverse or oblique black spots,
outer half of costal and the whole of apical marginal areas with
minute black spots, tegmina beneath with the outer margins of the
basal darker coloration broadly cretaceously tomentose ; wings cre-
taceous-white, apical area with a cluster of black spots, of which the
inner three are largest and the outer series (of about five) smallest.
Length excl. tegm. 143 to 18; exp. tegm. 54 to 62 millim.
Hab. Malabar (Coll. Dist.)—Found generally throughout the
Indo-Malayan Islands,
The variety or race multicolor, Walk., has the basal area of the
tegmina virescent or bluish-green, and, so far as my experience
extends, is confined to the Eastern or Malayan Regions, and not
found in British India.
B. Vertex of head more than twice broader than long.
b. Tegmina with the apical margin obtusely rounded, subtruncate.
1761. Thessitus nigro-notatus, S¢7/ (Thessita), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv,
p-. 247 (1863); Atkins. (Thessitus) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 19
(1886).
Body and legs pale fawn-colour ; vertex of head with the anterior
margin, two spots on each side before eyes and a central basal
spot, pronotum with two anterior angulated spots and five small
932 FULGORID&.
rounded posterior marginal spots, mesonotum with four discal
spots, of which the two central are largest, face with anterior
margin and five transverse linear spots, apical spots to anterior
femora, and spots to anterior and intermediate tibie, black ;
posterior tibie fuscous; tegmina pale fawn-colour, considerably
and irregularly mottled w ith black, apical margin with distinet
and somewhat large black spots, and with a distinct subcostal
sanguineous line from base to near middle ; wings greyish-white,
slightly palely infuscated, with a cluster of black spots on apical
area, of which the innermost are largest.
Length excl. tegm. 11; exp. tegm. 32 to 37 millim.
Hab, Tenasserin (fide Atkinson).— Malay Peninsula.
Genus LOXOCEPHALA.
Loxocephala, Schaum, in Ersch § Gruber, Allg. Encycl. Wiss. w.
Kiinste, art. Fulgorelle, sec. 53, p. 71 (1850); Atkins. J. A. 8.
Beng. lv, p. 12 (1886).
Type, LZ. wruginosa, Hope.
Distribution. Brit. India.
Wings ample, broader than the tegmina; vertex of head very
slightly sinuate at base or truncated, lateral angles of front less
produced than in Vhessitus; clavus narrowly open at apex, the
two longitudinal veins nearly united at middle; wings without a
dilated area; head scarcely broader than pronotum ; second joint
of antenne very briefly subeylindrical ; posterior tibize with five
spines; face with the two anterior ridges fused at centre,
obsoletely continued along lateral margins ; tegmina with the
transverse venation continued to basal area; anterior legs more
dilated than the intermediate legs ; rostrum short, nearly reaching
the intermediate coxee.
1762. Loxocephala gxruginosa, Hope (Lystra), Tr. Linn. Soc. xviii,
p. 443, t. xxxi, f. 1 (1841); Schaum, in Ersch § Gruber (Loxo-
cephala), Allg. Encyel. Wiss. wu. Kiinste, sec. 53, p. 71 (1850);
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 20 (1886).
Head and pronotum green, meso-
notum ochraceous; body testaceous ;
clypeus, rostrum, and legs sanguineous :
small marginal black spots on each side
of sternum ; tegmina very pale tawny-
brown, basal half ornamented with
transverse virescent spots, apical margin
and a large subapical spot black ; wings
Big. 99. ereyish-white, apical area pale tawny-
Lowocephala eruginosa, brown outwardly, margined with black.
In many specimens the black apical
margins to both tegmina and wings are absent or obsolete.
NESIS. ey
Length excl. tegm. 83 to 11; exp. teem. 274 to 40 millim.*
Habe Sylhet, Sikhim (Jnd. Mus.) ee, Province ;
Garwhal (Coll. Dist.). Assam; Khasi Hills (Chennell), Naga
Hills (Doherty).
1763. Loxocephala decora, Walk. (Eurybrachys) List Hom. ii, p. 352
(1851) ; Atkins. (Loxocephala) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 20 (1886).
Body above ochraceous, or probably in fresh specimens virescent ;
a central line to clypeus and the legs sanguineous; anterior
margins of vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum, and the dilatations
of anterior tibie black; tegmina pale tawny-brown ; a transverse
fascia at base, the apical margin, and a discal transverse streak
before it black; wings cretaceous-w hite, apical marginal area very
pale tawny-brown, its outer margin and a spot near apex of costil
margin black.
Length excl. tegm. 103; exp. tegm. 29 to 32 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Tne, Mus.). Darjiling (Coll. Dist.). Assam
(Brit. Mus.).
1764. Loxocephala castanea, Dist. Tr. LE. S. 1892, p. 281.
Body and legs ochraceous ; anterior margin of front, central
portion of anterior margin of pronotum, transverse fasciw to
abdomen above, dilatations to the anterior tibize, apices of tarsi,
and base of apical segment of the abdomen beneath black ; tegmina
bright castaneous, minutely spotted with grey, the apical area
bright ochraceous, containing a central black macular fascia and
with the apical margin also black.
Length excl. tegm. 10; exp. tegm. 28 to 30 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita and Naga Hills (Doherty).
Alhed to Z. decora, Walk., from which it may be separated by
the different colour of the tegmina, absence of the black basal
fascia to same, and also by the absence of the black subapical spot
to wings and black fascia to mesonotum.
Genus NESIS.
Nesis, Stal, Rio Jan. Hem. ii, p. 67 (1862); Athins. J. A. S. Beng.
lv, p. 12 (1886).
Type, WV. tricolor, Walk.
Mstribution. Brit. India.
Head narrower than the thorax, vertex subsinuate at the base;
second joint of the antenne subglobose; lateral angles of the front
moderately produced ; tegmina elongate, somewhat narrow, the
clavus narrowly open at apex, the longitudinal veins nearly united
in the middle; wings ample, broader than the tegmina, without a
* Atkinson (supra) gives the dimensions of this species as ‘“ Long, 274
broad, 83 millim.”; but this is clearly a transposition,
234 FULGORID&.
dilated area; posterior tibie normally with four spines; anterior
femora and tibize distinctly dilated ; elypeus convex.
This genus, according to present knowledge, is confined to
British India, and comprises only two species.
1765. Nesis tricolor, Walk. (Eurybrachys) List Hom. ii, p. 384
(1851) ; Stal (Nesis), Rio Jan. Hem. ii, p. 67 (1862) ; zd. Stett.
ent. Zeit, xxiv, p. 248 (1863) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 21
(1886).
Aphana sanguinipes, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1854, p. 245;
Atkins. (Nesis) J. A. 8S. Beng. lv, p. 21 (1886).
Head above fuscous-brown; thorax above piceous, densely
palely ochraceously pilose; abdomen,
sternum, and legs sanguineous ; face
brownish-ochraceous; clypeus testaceous ;
abdominal apex furnished with long white
waxy efflorescence ; tegmina black, with
scattered pale ochraceous pilosity, taking
the form of short fascize or spots, apical
Fig. 100,—Nesis ricolor, | area fuscous-brown with scattered black
spots; tegmina beneath more uniformly
black ; wings cretaceous-white; vertex of head distinctly nodulose
on each side near eyes.
Length excl. tegm. 9; exp. tegm. 27 to 28 millim.
Hab. ** Himalayas” (Coll. Dist.). Karo (Coll, Dist.). Mussorree
(Mackinnon).
1766. Nesis versicolor, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, face, and legs tawny-brown;
abdomen above and beneath pale testaceous, the anal appendage
ochraceous; sternum ochraceous ; rostrum (more or less), outer
dilatations of anterior tibie, tarsi, and two oblique spots at base
of anal appendage beneath piceous ; tegmina fuscous-brown, with
numerous large and irregular dull grey spots on basal two-thirds,
a subapical transverse fascia and large irregular spots on basal
two-thirds sanguineous ; apical area with ‘Sant transverse series of
small black spots, the innermost much more discontinuous ; wings
creamy white.
Length excl. tegm. 83; exp. tegm. 27 millim.
iin Panjab ; Dale (Harford, Brit. Mus.).
Allied to 1, tricolor, Walk., from which it may be separated by
the different colour of the tegmina, which are also a little more
concavely indented on costal margins before apices, and by the
more dilated anterior legs.
Genus FRUTIS.
Frutis, Sta, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 488; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng.
ly, p. 15 (1866).
Type, 1. pulchra, Gray.
Distribution. Oriental ‘and Malayan Regions, and recorded from
China.
FRUTIS. 935
Eyes unarmed beneath ; clavus somewhat acutely closed at apex ;
posterior tibiz usually with six spines; mesonotum half as long
again as the pronotum; antenne short, second joint globose ;
head (including eyes) distinctly narrower than the pronotum, the
lateral margins of which are subangularly ampliate: anterior
tibiez moderately dilated ; abdomen very broad and robust ;
tegmina a little longer than body, narrower than wings, venation
considerably Perienlate transverse veinlets often faintly visible,
but extending to near base.
1767. Frutis pulchra, Gray (Lystra), Griff. An. Kingd., Ins. ii, p. 260
t. xc, f. 5 (1832); Stal (Frutis), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862,
pp. 488 & 500; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 22 (1886).
Aphiena veris-amor, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 143 (1857).
Head, thorax above, sternum, and legs olivaceous-brown ; tibic
and tarsi infuscate ; abdomen above and beneath sanguineous,
with lateral segmental spiracular small tufts of greyish pile;
Fig. 101.—Frutis pulchra.
anal appendage pale ochraceous, usually broadly covered with
white waxy efflorescence ; tegmina shining dark virescent, macularly
a little paler at extreme base, the costal area mottled with
cretaceous secretion ; an outwardly curved ochraceous transverse
fascia at about one-third from apex, beyond which the colour is
paler, and before which there is a subobsolete paler oblique fascia ;
in some specimens the costal and apical areas and basal macu-
lation are dull ochraceous ; tegmina beneath, with the margin of
the curved ochraceous fascia, and some scattered spots cretaceously
tomentose: wings cretaceously opaque, the margins a little paler
and sometimes slightly ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 19 to 23; exp. tegm. 48 to 55 millim.
Hab. *‘ India” (fide Gray § Athkinson).—Malay Peninsula; Perak
(Coll, Dist.). Borneo.
236 FULGORID.
1768. Purusha reversa, Hope (Eurybrachis), Tr. Zinn. Soc. xix, p. 134,
t. xii, f. 8 (1845); Atkins. (?) J. A. 8. Beng. lv, p. 22 (1886).
“ Fuscous-yellow, head and thorax concolorous ; abdomen whitish
in the middle, adorned posteriorly with a yellow cottony substance,
apex shining white ; tegmina fuscous-yellow, tinted subsanguineous
at the base ; a round white spot at anterior margin, a second
smaller almost on the middle of the disc, and other very minute
Fig. 102. Diina reversa,
spots sprinkled about ; basal half of wings whitish, apex irregularly
irrorated fuscous ; four anterior feet (legs) yellow-fuscous ; tibize
more obscure; last femora pale testaceous; tibia blackish.” ( Hope.)
Length excl. tegm. 143; exp. tegm. 34 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (fide Hope).
This is a very scarce species. I have not seen it, and know of
no one who has, nor am I aware of the location of the type. By
the peculiar wings it evidently constitutes an undescribed genus,
which I propose may be known as Purusha, but which I cannot
structurally diagnose from the above specific description, and for
the same reason it could not be located in the synopsis of genera.
Subfamily III. DICTYOPHARIN#.
Dyctiophoroides, part., Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 283.
Pseudophanides, part., Amy. § Serv, Hém. p. 502 (1843).
Dictyopharida, Sta, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 129 (1866).
Dictyopharina, Sta, Ofv. Vet-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 744; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. lv, p- 22 (1886).
Dictyopharidee, Welich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 17 (1903).
Stal, who is generally followed in the enumeration of these
subfamilies, thus diagnoses the Dictyopharine :—Posterior tibize
without a mobile apical spur; sides of face not angulated ; legs
often simple; anal area of wings never reticulate ; clavus very
rarely granulate, acuminate at apex, sometimes but rarely some-
what obtusely, distinctly closed; the two veins remote or very
remote from the apex, sometimes, how ever, united in one behind the
middle ; costa seldom dilated ; tegmina sometimes abbreviated, or
connate with clavus and corium ; front without an apical ocellus.
nm
S
: DICHOPTERA.
Synopsis of Genera.
In this synopsis I have not included the very distinctive
characters to be found in the structure of the face, because these
ean be more readily understood and compared by the figures
supplied. The synoptical characters given below are therefore
supplementary to the important facial characteristics.
A. Posterior tibiz with from three to seven
spines; pro- and mesonota not sulcate.
a. Clavus of tegmina with a transverse vein.
a. Head with either a short or moderately
long curved cephalic process ; posterior
tibiee with six or seven SPINES aij. DICHOPTERA, p. 237.
a’, Head with a very long porrect cephalic
process ; posterior tibize with three or
HOUTES DUD CS Me ty cfauete clays) at oichees 01 Ge) siel« + a) Piprocua, p. 240.
b. Clavus of tegmina without a transverse
vein.
6. Tegmina wholly reticulately veined...... ALUNTIA, p. 241.
6’. Tegmina only transversely veined on
apical area.
c’, Anterior femora without a spine.
d', Head with a well-developed porrect
or curved cephalic process.
e'. Head not sulcate between eyes .. Dicryorpuara,
e°. Head broadly and deeply suleate [p. 241.
between two strong convex ridges
situate at inner margins of eyes... PuTawa, p. 246.
©, Anterior femora with a distinct blunt
genie near apex.
. Head with a long, slender, cephalic
DEOGOSS! 5 5.1 Aieshaio etal: my stated ane cinvetaes Miasa, p. 247.
. Head not produced in a cephalic
ROC do wondoaquuercadssedgsde UpuaGaMa, p. 249.
ce, Anterior femora sai a minute acute
spine near apex.
7‘, Head with a short anterior recurved
process ; lateral ridges to mesonotum
MOtHOrKEd eee yo rac are epee: CENTROMERIA,
7. Head without anterior recurved pro- [p. 250.
cess; lateral ridges to mesonotum — +
fouled geet ease eee DricryoPHARIN. \y
B. Posterior tibize with a single spine; pro- and ee me
mesonota profoundly longitudinally sulcate.. SyMPnana, p. 2
Genus DICHOPTERA.
Dichoptera, Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fy. 1839, p. 286; Stal, Hem. Afr.
iv, p. 149 (1866) ; Athens. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 25 (1866).
Type, D. hyalinata, Fabr.
Distribution. Oriental, Malayan, and Australian Regions.
Head (including eyes) only about half the width of the pronotum,
more or less elongate, sometimes with a distinct cephalic process,
vertex subquadrate, its lateral margins sinuate, its anterior margin
238 FULGORID ®.
sometimes lobate, eyes oblique ; pronotum narrower than meso-
notum, subangularly produced anteriorly, centrally longitudinally
ridged, the lateral edges acute, slightly recurved, the posterior
angles obtusely angularly produced; mesonotum with three
discal longitudinal ridges; abdomen about as long as space
between apices of vertex and mesonotal posterior angle ; posterior
tibiz with six or seven spines; face long, ovate, narrowed towards
clypeus and with a central longitudinal ridge, genx posteriorly
very broad; rostrum long, considerably passing posterior cox ;
tegmina and wings considerably longer than abdomen, the first
about one-third longer than the second; tegmina with numerous
transverse veins on about apical third, clavus with a single
transverse vein between the interior vein and the claval suture ;
some transverse veins on apical area, the anal area never
reticulate.
A. Vertex of head lenger than broad.
a. Vertex of head centrally lobately produced, its anterror angles
sublobately rounded.
b. Front of head a little and obliquely upwardly produced,
its apex obtusely angulate.
1769. Dichoptera hyalinata, Fubr. (Fulgora) Spec. Ins. ii, p. 315
(1781); Oliv. Enc. Méth. vi, p.572 (1791) ; Don. Ins. Ind. t. vii,
f. 3 (1800); Germ. (Flata) Mag. Ent. iii, p. 190 (1818);
Burm. (Pseudophana) Handb. Ent. i (1) p. 160 (1834); Spon.
(Dichoptera) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 289, t. xiii, f. 3; Atkins,
J. A, S. Beng. lv, p. 23 (1886).
Body and legs pale brownish-ochraceous, head and thorax above
and beneath with numerous black punctures, especially prominent
on disk of mesonotum and
under surface of head ;
edges and ridges to head
and lateral edges to pro-
notum black; anterior
longitudinal lines to vertex
of head, basal elongate
spots to mesonotum, cen-
tral and apical annulations
to tibiee (obscure on pos-
Fig. 103.—Dichoptera hyalinata. terior tibie), rostrum at
apex and with apex of pen-
ultimate joint piceous ; tegmina hyaline, venation fuscous irrorated
with ochraceous, and with a piceous transverse fascia at apices of
ulnar veins ; wings hyaline, with an apical piceous spot. In some
specimens the abdomen is marked with a double discal segmental
series of black spots, as in fig. 103; in other specimens these are
absent.
Length excl. tegm. 19 to 20; exp. tegm. 50 millim.
Hab. Bengal. Bombay (Leith). Bangalore and Calcutta (Ind.
Mus.). Ceylon; Tangalla (Green), Andaman Islds. (Coll. Dist.).
DICHOPTERA, 239
a’. Vertex of head centrally lobately produced, its anterior angles
subquadrangulate.
b'. Front of head strongly almost perpendicularly produced,
its apex obtusely angulate.
1770. Dichoptera hampsoni, Dist. Tr. E. 8. 1892, p. 278.
Dichoptera hyalinata, va. hampsoni, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
ploy tar, f 1 (1903);
Body and legs dull ochraceous ; edges and ridges of head and
pronotuim and longitudinal lines to vertex of head black; pro-
notum sometimes with strong discal black suffusions, in other
specimens these are absent; mesonotum with the discal area
strongly blackly punctate posteriorly, with two large pale spots
with black centres, some large black spots on its lateral areas aud
small ones on its anterior margin ; abdomen above with a double
series of large segmental black spots; head beneath with ridges
and edges and a central line to face and clypeus black ; anterior
and intermediate tibia with three black annulations; tegmina
hyaline, the venation fuscous irrorated with ochraceous, transverse
fascia at end of ulnar areas less defined than in D. hyalinata, but
with numerous fuscous mottlings on apical third, and with a basal
and two discal spots on basal two-thirds, and distinct fuscous
spots on costal area; wings hyaline, their apical margins fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 20; exp. tegm. 53 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills, Southern Slopes (Hampson). Ceylon ;
Kandy (Green).
B. Vertex of head as broad as long.
a’. Vertex of head centrally subquadrangularly produced, its
anterior angles obtusely angulate, its lateral margins very
strongly sinuate.
b’, Front of head moderately upwardly produced, its apex obliquely
truncate.
1771. Dichoptera nubila, Dist. Tr. EL. 8, 1892, p. 277.
Body and legs bright brownish-ochraceous ; head with the
edges, ridges, a waved longitudinal spot in front of eyes, truncate
apex of cephalic process, two central convex longitudinal lines to
vertex, and a small spot near each anterior angle to same black ;
pronotum with the lateral edges, central ridge, and some irregular
discal fasciate markings black; mesonotum with the ridges, a
large central somewhat hourglass-shaped fascia, and an outwardly
quadrangular-shaped fascia on each lateral area black ; abdomen
above with a double central series of large segmental spots and a
broken macular lateral marginal fascia on each side black; body
beneath and legs much mottled with black, and tibiz with two broad
black annulations ; rostrum at apex and also apex of penultimate
joint black; tegmina obscure hyaline, venation fuscous irrorated
240 FULGORIDA.
with ochraceous, a narrow waved transverse fuscous fascia at apices
of ulnar areas, apical third much mottled with fuscous, especially
beneath costal margin a little before apex, costal area alternately
fuscous and ochraceous, and with two or three pale fuscous spots
at about one-third from base; wings obscure hyaline, venation
fuscous, the apical margins fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 17 to 18; exp. tegm. 48 to 49 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Doherty). Burma; Ruby Mines
(Doherty).—Borneo.
Genus PIBROCHA.
Pibrocha, Aik. J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bomb. xiv, p. 50 (1902); Melich.
Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 20 (1903).
Type, P. egregia, Kirby.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head long, porrect, about as long as abdomen and mesonotum
together, moderately stout and tricarinate above for about one-third
its length, then suddenly narrowed and sulcate above to near apex,
which is broadened and clavate; face with four longitudinal
carinations, two on each side and meeting anteriorly ; rostrum
passing posterior coxie; ocelli distinct; pro- and mesonota
longitudinally tricarinate, the first shorter than the second;
legs slender, tibize longer than femora, posterior tibia with three
or four spines; tegmina extending considerably beyond the
abdomen, the apical third with transverse veins; clavus with a
single transverse vein between the claval suture and the interior
vein, which from that point is bent down and terminates on the
posterior vein; wings about one-third shorter than tegmina,
apical area with a few transverse veins.
1772. Pibrocha egregia, Avrby (Dictyophora), J. Linn. Soc., Zool.
xxiv, p. 185, t.v, f. 4 (1891); wrk. (Pibrocha) J. Nat. Hist.
Soc. Bomb. xiv, p. 51, t. B, f. 2 (1902); Melich. Hom. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 21, t. i, f. 4, a, b (1903).
Dull brownish-ochraceous speckled with black; posterior angle
of mesonotum pale green; abdomen with pale ochraceous
suffusions; body beneath paler
than above; femora annulated with
fuscous ; tegmina and wings hyaline
with a pale fuscous tint, the vena-
tion dark fuscous; tegmina with
two shining fuscous spots, one
stigmatical, the other apical ; wings
with an apical dark fuscous spot.
Length ceph. process, angle from
ae 104, apex to eyes 74; eyes to apex
chi. eore e ) «
par ice ye abdom. 12; exp. tegm. 28 to 30
millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya, Kandy (Green & Lewis).
ALUNTIA. 241
Genus ALUNTIA.
Aluntia, Stal, Hem, Afr. iv, pp. 151 & 160 (1866).
Dendrophora, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 21 (1903).
Type, A. schimperit, Guér., an Ethiopian species.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australasian Regions.
Body oblong; head longly produced, slender, more or less
longitudinally, broadly suleate above and beneath, obsoletely
medially carinate beneath from behind eyes and through eclypeus ;
pronotum and mesonotum discally finely tricarinate ; second joint
of antennze oblong, subeylindrical ; rostrum extending to between
the intermediate and posterior cox ; legs slender, posterior tibiz
much longer than femora and with about three short spines
on their posterior halves ; tegmina moderately long, their apices
distinctly ampliated, thickly covered with transverse veins, and for
about basal two-thirds thickly interspersed with short veinlets ;
clavus without a transverse vein, but the claval veins united
before middle ; wings transversely veined on apical area.
1773. Aluntia ramosa, Melich. (Dendrophora) Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 22, t. i, £ 5 (1908).
Body pale virescent in fresh specimens, in old or dried
examples pale ochraceous: tegmina very palely virescent, the
venation darker; wings a little paler than tegmina; head about
as longas, ora little longer than,
pro- and mesonota together ;
pronotum with the lateral
edges acute, medially finely
tricarinate, the posterior angles
obsoletely subacute ; meso-
notum longer than pronotum
and medially tricarinate.
Length ceph. process, angle
from apex to eyes 4; eyes to
Fig. 105.—Aluntia ramosa. apex abdom. 103; exp. tegm.
24 to 28 millim.
Hab, Ceylon; Kandy (Green).—Malay Peninsula (Distant
Doherty). d
Genus DICTYOPHARA.
Dictyophara, Germ. Silb. Rev. Ent. i. p. 175 (1833); St@l, Hem.
Afr. iv. p. 154 (1866); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 26 (1886) ;
Dist. Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch. Hom. i, p. 39 (1887),
Dictiophora, Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 290.
Pseudophana, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii, 1, p. 159 (1835),
Chanithus, Amy. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847, p. 160.
Nersia, Stal, Rio Jan. Hem. ii, p. 62 (1861).
Type, D. europea, Linn., a Palearctic species,
Mstribution, Apparently almost universal.
VOL, III. R
242 FULGORID&.
Body oblong or oval, somewhat depressed ; head variabie in
size and form, usually ‘porrectly longly produced, the cephalic
process straight or recurved, vertex and face frequently cari-
nate ; clypeus centrally longitudinally carinate ; second joint of
antenne small, subglobose; rostrum long ; pronotum frequently
broadly emarginate at base, slightly anteriorly sinuate behind the
eyes, longitudinally carinate, the carinations varying from one to
three; | mesonotum frequently tricarinate ; tegmina extending
beyond the apex of the abdomen, apical area or sometimes nearly
apical half with transverse veins, clavus without a transverse
vein; wings with a few apical transverse veins ; legs moderately
long and slender, femora shorter than tibie, posterior tibize armed
with from four to six spines.
A. Posterior tibice with five spines.
1774. Dictyophara nigrimacula, Walk. (Dictyophora) List Hom.
ii, p. 818 (1851); Atkins. (Dictyophara?) J. A, S. Beng. lv,
p. 28 (1886).
Head bright testaceous, the longitudinal ridges green, the
lateral areas and apex piceous, beneath with a central green
longitudinal carination; pronotum testaceous, the margins and
three central carine green; mesouotum testaceous, with a
transverse piceous spot near each lateral angle of anterior margin,
three longitudinal carinze and a small spot on each lateral margin
green ; abdomen above ochraceous, much spotted with black, the
spots quadrangular, and the most distinct being a double discal
series, one on each lateral area, and a narrower “marginal series ;
clypeus, sternum, and legs ochraceous ; apical area of clypeus,
disk of sternum, and longitudinal lines to legs black ; abdomen
beneath black, lateral margins (broadly), segmental margins
(narrowly), and base of anal segment ochraceous ; tegmina
vitreous, the venation fuscous, especially that in apical. area,
stigma fuscous; wings vitreous, the venation fuscous; head
shorter than abdomen excluding base, broadly longitudinally
suleate above, beneath, and on lateral areas; rostrum reaching the
posterior coxee; posterior tibie with five spines; tegmina and
wings transversely veined on about basal thirds.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 33; eyes to apex
abdom, 8; exp. tegm. 20 millim.
Hab. “North India” (Warwick, Brit. Mus.).
1775. Dictyophara nilgiriensis, sp. n.
Pale tawny-brown; eyes fuscous-brown; legs longitudinally
striped with piceous; pronotum with the margins and three
central longitudinal carine flavescent; mesonotum with a trans-
verse piceous spot near each lateral angle of anterior margin, and
with three central longitudinal carine, a small spot on each
lateral margin, and the posterior angle flavescent; apex of
DICTYOPHARA, 243
clypeus, linear stripes to rostrum, and apical spots to abdomen
beneath piceous; tegmina and wings vitreous, the venation
fuscous ; tegmina with the stigma fuscous-brown; head robust,
about as long as abdomen, the disk, lateral areas, and under
surface broadly longitudinally sulcate, the ridges very prominent
and six in number, the lateral ridges and those of the under
surface being close together, above with a short central carination
between eyes, and beneath with a central longitudinal carina
which is continued through clypeus ; apex of cephalic process or
face with a central ridge subacutely rounded above; tegmina and
wings with transverse veins on about their apical thirds ; posterior
tibiee with five spines.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 43 ; eyes to apex
abdom. 9; exp. tegm. 22 to 24 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Brit. Mus.). Utakamand (Atkinson Coll.. Brit.
Mus.). Nilgiri Hills (Hampson). Kangra Valley (Dudgeon).
Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
In some (probably fresh) specimens the colour is more virescent
than tawny-brown, the thorax above reddish-ochraceous, with the
carina bright olivaceous-green ; the abdomen above is also some-
times quadrangularly palely tessellate.
B. Posterior tibie with four spines.
a. Legmina without dark fascie.
1776. Dictyophara pallida, Don. (Fulgora) Ins. Ind. t. viii, f. 2
(1800); Westw. (Pseudaphana) Jr. Linn. Soe. xviii, p. 150
(1841); Atkins. (Dictyophara) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 27 (1886).
Flata lyrata, Germ. Thon’s Arch. ii, 2, p. 47 (1880); Burm.
(Pseudophana) Handb. Ent. ii, p. 160 (1835).
Fulgora graminea, Fubr. Syst. Rhyng. p. 4 (1803); Atkins.
(Dictyophara) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 27 (1886).
Dictyophora despecta, Walk. List Hom. ii, p. 314 (1851) ; Athkis.
(Dictyophara) J. A. 8. Beng. lv, p. 27 (1886).
Dictyophora albivitta, Walk. List Hom. ii, p.319 (1851) ; Atkins.
(Dictyophara ?) J. A. 8. Beng. lv, p. 29 (1886); Melich. Hom.
Faun, Ceylon, p. 22 (1903).
Dictyophora leptorhina, Walk. List Hom. 11, p. 321 (1851)
Atkins. (Dictyophara) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 30 (1886).
Dictyophara percarinata, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 18
(1891); Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 24 (1903).
Dictyophara hastata, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 25 (1903).
This is a closely allied species in colour and markings to D.
nilgiriensis, Dist., but smaller, the cephalic process shorter, and
the posterior tibiz with only four spines. It is subject to the
same amount of colour-variation, dependent on the specimens being
fresh or otherwise, as described in D. nilguriensis.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 3 to 33; eyes to
apex abdom. 74; exp. tegm. 22 to 225 millim.
Hab. Sikhim; Mungphu (Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mus.). N.
Bengal (Miss Campbell). Bombay (Leith). Nilgiri Hills (amp-
son). Calcutta (Ind. Mus.). Ceylon (Green). Burma ; Thayetmyo
R2
244 FULGORID&.
(Bingham). Bhamo (fea). Tenasserim; Myitta (Doherty).—
S.E. Borneo (Doherty).
Has been reported (‘Indian Mus. Notes,’ v, p. 43, 1900) as
destructive to sugar-cane in the North Arcot district, South India.
‘** These insects are seen to perch on the under side of the cane
leaf, avoiding sun, and on shaded leaves. They are good
springers. The bug is soft-bodied, and is very easily killed by
slight handling. These are known to the ryots only since ten
years. The cane crop when infested gets stunted and damaged,
These appear when cane is six to nine months old. No remedy
is known to the ryots. They collectively go by the name of
Cheeda purugu. In Coimbatore the bug is known as Thathoo-
poochi and the winged insect as Thaloocupoochi, A
Melichar, in his description of D, percarinata, describes the
posterior tibiz as ‘‘ mit 5 kleimen Zihnchen,” but in Kirby’s type
of the species, and in all the specimens from Ceylon which I have
examined, the spines are only four in number.
I cannot escape from the conclusion that the species described
by Fabricius as graminea is only a pale virescent form of this
species, in which the stigma of the tegmina is only obsoletely
infuseate. There is a specimen from Calcutta in the British
Museum which exactly corresponds with the description.
1777. Dictyophara sauropsis, Walk. (Dictyophora) Jowrn. Ent. i,
P 306 (1862); Atkins. (Dictyophara) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 30
(1886).
Allied to D. pallida, Don., in colour and markings, but with
the cephalic process shorter, sternum and abdomen beneath more
or less piceous ; femora more or less annulated with piceous near
apices; posterior tibiz with four spines; tegmina with the
venation and stigma fuscous.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 2; eyes to apex
abdom. 7; exp. tegm. 20 millim.
Hab. Bengal; Dacca.—S.E. Borneo (Brit. Mus.).
1778. Dictyophara walkeri, Atkins. J..A. S. Beng. lv, p. 29 (1886).
Dictyophora pallida, Walk. (nee Don.) List Hom. ii, p. 820
(1851).
Body and legs pale ochraceous, apical half of abdomen above
virescent ; ridges and a central carina to cephalic process beneath,
and three central carine to pro- and mesonata, green; eyes and
apex to cephalic process piceous ; tegmina and wings pale creamy
hyaline, the venation on apical areas of both, and the stigma of
tegmina, very pale fuscous; cephalic process robust, upper and
under surface and lateral areas broadly sulcate ; rostrum reaching
the posterior cox ; posterior tibize with four spines.
Length ceph. pr ocess, angle from apex to eyes 2; eyes to apex
abdom. 53; exp. tegm. 15 millim.
Hab. “N. India” (Brit. Mus.).
DICTYOPHARA, 245
b. Tegmina with longitudinal fuscous fascic.
1779. Dictyophara lineata, Don. (Fulgora) Ins. Ind. t. viii, f. 1 (1800);
Westw. Tr. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 147 (1841); Atkins. (Dictyo-
phara) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 26 (1886).
oe pallida, Gray, Grif, An. King., Ins. ii, p. 260, t. xe, f. 2
832).
Por. bistriata, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 25 (1903).
Body and legs ochraceous; head with the longitudinal ridges
either fuscous or spotted with that colour, its extreme apex
piceous, the ridges between the eyes green ; thorax above rather
reddish-ochraceous; pronotum with the margins and_ three
longitudinal carinz (the two outer-
inost oblique) green; mesonotum with
three longitudinal green caring ; head
beneath with a central green carina
extending for more than half its
length from base, and its lateral
margins to a little beyond eyes of the
same colour; a large basal spot to
Fig. 106. clypeus, lateral areas of meso- and
Dictyophara lineata. metasterna, and lateral margins to
abdomen beneath black; legs and
rostrum finely spotted with black; apex of rostrum black and
about reaching posterior cox; tegmina and wings pale creamy
hyaline ; tegmina with two longitudinal fuscous fascize commencing
at a short distance from base, the uppermost submarginal and
extending to apex, where it is broadest, the second on inner
margin widening towards apex, the apices of both fasciz usually
united ; ; the cephalic process is shorter than the abdomen, broadly
sulcate above, beneath, and on lateral areas ; posterior tibise with
four spines.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 3; eyes to apex
abdom. 6; exp. tegm. 19 millim.
Hab. North Bengal and Mian-Mir (Brit. Mus.). Assam;
Sibsagar (Jind. Mus.). Bombay (Leith). Ceylon (Green).
The var. bistriata, Melich., seems to differ only by the shorter
upper fascia to the tegmina. In his description of the posterior
tibiz, Melichar w rites “mit 3 Dornen,” but there is a fourth
basal spine.
Atkinson (J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 27, 1886) has included the D.
sinica, Walk., in his enumeration of the Indian species of
Dictyophara. This he has done on what he acknowledges to be a
doubtful locality, “* Assam?” All the specimens I have seen are
from China, and the species itself may ultimately prove to be but
a local race of D. pallida, Don.
246 FULGORID&.
Genus PUTALA.
Putala, Melich. Hom. Faun, Ceylon, p. 26 (1903).
Type, P. rostrata, Melich.
Distribution. Oriental and Ethiopian Regions.
Head produced in a distinctly elongate somewhat slender
process, longitudinally suleate above and at lateral areas, broadly
and strongly suleate between eyes, where there are two
strongly convex ridges, one at inner margin of each eye, and
between them a faint central carination; face long, gradually
broadened towards apex, with a central and lateral carination ;
clypeus with a central ridge, its lateral margins strongly carinate ;
pronotum anteriorly medially angularly produced, its anterior
angles subacute, centrally strongly ridged, its posterior margin
moderately concave; mesonotum not carinate or tricarinate ;
abdomen short ; rostrum long, extending to basal area of abdomen ;
legs moderately long and slender, the femora and tibize longitu-
dinally grooved ; posterior tibize with five s spines ; tegmina apically
rounded, clavus without a transverse vein ; stigma broad with
five veins, apical third with transverse veins; wings with a few
transverse veins at apex.
a. Mesonotum non-carinate.
1780. Putala rostrata, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 26, t. i, f. 8,
a, 6 (1903).
Head lengthened and conically produced before eyes, the
projection as long as the pronotum and half of mesonotum
together, a brown longitudinal stripe runs from eyes to its apex ;
face smooth at base and rather impressed at apex, with a
central longitudinal ridge; clypeus rather long and narrow,
ridged medially and marginally, and like face brownish-yellow,
its apex dark brown; eyes brown; antennz short; ocelli present ;
pronotum medially ridged, two long longitudinal keels on each
side behind eyes, yellowish-white with small brown dots on each
side, the vertex brown; mesonotum longer than broad, arched,
without keels, brown with three longitudinal stripes on front
margin which are abbreviated posteriorly, its posterior angle
rusty yellow; tegmina long, narrow, and rounded posteriorly,
traversed by brown and slightly bronzed veins, several irregularly
divided transverse veins in apical area; stigma large and brown,
with three or four transverse veins; abdomen yellowish-brown,
the posterior segmental margins pale, two longitudinal central
maculate fasciz, and a smaller and more indistinct lateral maculate
fascia on each side; abdomen beneath brown, the segmental
margins paler; legs brownish- yellow; femora black, linearly streaked
w ith black or brow n; posterior tibize with five spines.
2. Length 11 ; exp. tegm. 17 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (fide Melichar).
MIASA. 247
I have not seen this species, which is, however, figured by
Melichar, and I have transcribed what appears to be the salient
points of his description.
b. Mesonotum tricarinate.
1781. Putala maculata, sp. n.
Head and thorax above brownish-ochraceous, apex and a lateraJ
line on each side of cephalic process piceous; all the ridges to
head, pro- and mesonota, and the posterior angle of the last a
little paler ; abdomen above dark castaneous-brown, the posterior
segmental margins and lateral linear spots ochraceous; disk of
sternum and the abdomen beneath piceous; face, base of clypeus,
sternal lateral areas, cox, trochanters, legs, and posterior
Fig. 107.—Putala maculata.
abdominal segmental margins ochraceous ; legs with longitudinal
piceous lines; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous ;
tegmina with the stigma and scattered apical maculate markings
piceous ; cephalic process a little upwardly directed; posterior
tibize profoundly suleate and armed with five spines.
Length excl. tegm. 8; exp. tegm. 21 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills (Hampson). Utakamand (Atkins. Coll.,
Brit. Mus.).
Genus MIASA, nov.
Type, I. smaragdilinea, Walk.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Body elongate; head strongly produced in front, thick and
subglobose to a little beyond eyes, then suddenly narrowed into
a long straight linear process, which is medially sulcate above
and beneath; face elongate, moderately convexly widened
apically, its lateral margins carinate and with a strong central
longitudinal ridge; rostrum long, about reaching the middle of
abdomen; pronotum with the lateral margins moderately laminate,
their anterior angles rounded, base very strongly angularly sinuate,
the anterior margin centrally angularly produced and medially
longitudinally carinate ; mesonotum very obsoletely carinate ; legs
long and slender; posterior femora very short, only about half
the length of the posterior tibize, which possess about five prominent
248 FULGORID®.
spines ; anterior femora with a distinct blunt spine near apex;
tegmina long, narrow, much longer than body, about apical third
with transverse veins, clavus without a transverse vein, inner
claval vein very short and terminating a little beyond base ;
wings about one-third shorter than tegmina, with a few transverse
veins on apical area.
This genus is allied to Dictyopharotdes, Fow)]. (Biol. Centr.-Am.,
Rhynch. Hom. i, p. 44, 1900), from which it may be at once
separated by the non-serrate anterior femora, a character omitted
in Fowler’s diagnosis; it is also allied to the Ethiopian genus
Stmotettiw, Stal, but differs by the non-dilated anterior legs.
1782. Miasa smaragdilinea, Walk. (Elidiptera) J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i.
p- 86 (1857) ; 2d. (Dictyiophora) List Hom. Suppl. p. 318 (1858).
Ferruginous-brown ; head with cephalic process black above,
green beneath and on lateral areas, margins of vertex green ;
face green with the central ridge testaceous; clyeus black, with
a broad ochraceous transverse fascia near its base and with two
small central spots of the same colour; anterior marginal area
and posterior lateral angles of pronotum, a broad central fascia
to mesonotum, and central and lateral fasciz to abdomen above
pale green or ochraceous; body beneath black; lateral areas of
sternum and legs ochraceous ; anterior tibie with a prominent
subapical creamy-white annulation ; posterior margins of sternal
Fig. 108,—Masa smaragdilinea,
segments, metanotum, and posterior abdominal segmental margins
stramineous ; cox and trochanters black; tegmina and wings
hyaline, the venation ochraceous or fuscous; tegmina with the
posterior margin broadly dull ochraceous, the stigma and an
oblique apical streak fuscous; wings with an apical fuscous
spot ; cephalic process as long as remainder of head and pronotum
together.
UDUGAMA. 249
Length ceph. process, angle from eyes to apex 23; eyes to apex
abdom. 9; exp. tegm. 27 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim; Myitta (Doherty).—Malacca; Mt. Ophir
( Wallace, Brit. Mus.).
Genus UDUGAMA.
Anagnia, Stal, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxii, p. 149 (1861) ; td. Hem. Afr. iv,
pp. 151 & 159 (1866); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 24 (1886),
nom preeoce,
Udugama, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 27 (1903).
Kareol, Auk. Entomologist, 1904, p. 279.
Type, U. splendens, Germ.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head prominent before the eyes, where it is broad and centrally
and laterally carinate; face elongate, tricarnate; clypeus marginate,
centrally carinate ; pronotum short, centrally carinate, anteriorly
obtusely prominent at base of head, and then sinuate to anterior
angles, which are subacute, posteriorly angularly emarginate ;
mesonotum tricarinate ; legs long and slender ; anterior femora a
little dilated beneath and with a distinct blunt spine near apex ;
posterior tibiz with seven spines, one of them at extreme base ;
rostrum long, passing posterior cox ; tegmina much longer than
abdomen, about apical third with transverse veins, the veins
considerably bifureate on apical margin, and a few small transverse
veins on apical area.
Melichar has redescribed Stal’s genus Anagnia under the name
of Udugama. As, however, the name Anagnia is preoccupied
(Walker, 1854), Melichar’s is available, and Kirkaldy’s proposed
new name unnecessary.
1783. Udugama splendens, Germ. (Flata) Thon’s Arch. ii, 2, p. 48
(1830); Westw. (Pseudaphana) 77. Zinn. Soc, xviii. p. 151
(1841); Sta (Anagnia), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxl, p. 149 (1861) ;
Atkins, J. A. S. Beng, lv, p. 25 (1886).
Udugama exoleta, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 28, t. i, f. 7,
a, b (905).
Above brownish-ochraceous, the head and sometimes pronotum
a little paler; mesonotum casta-
neous-brown with the carinations
flavescent ; abdomen above with
broad central and lateral macular
castaneous fasciz, becoming fused
towards apex; face ochraceous,
with lateral longitudinal series of
small fuscous spots; clypeus
ochraceous, its apex castaneous ;
Fig. 109.—Udugama splendens. body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
sternal spots, basal two-thirds of
abdomen, mottlings to femora, bases to tibiee, and spines to
posterior tibize castaneous; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
250 FULGORID®.
venation fuscous ; tegmina with a large stigmatic spot, the apical
margin more or ‘less continued on apex of inner margin, and a
claval streak fuscous ; wings with a small fuscous apical streak ;
rostrum just passing posterior cox ; posterior tibie with seven
spines, the basal one very short.
Length excl. tegm. 7 to 93 ; exp. tegm. 20 to 25 millim.
Hab. Bombay. Ceylon; Kandy (Green). Burma; Bhamo
(Fea).—Java. Philippines.
Genus CENTROMERIA.
Centromeria, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 745; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. ly, p- 25 (1886).
Type, C. longipennis, Walk., from the Philippines.
Distribution. Oriental, Malayan, and Ethiopian Regions.
Body somewhat elongate ; head moderately and upwardly
produced in front of eyes, its apex gradually narrowed, vertex
acuminate before the eyes; face elongate, tricarinate, the median
ridge very strongly produced, the lateral ridge on each side some-
what obsoletely developed from behind eyes, and between this
and the carinate margin a very distinct longitudinal groove;
clypeus centrally carinate ; pronotum short, with a single central
carination, posteriorly broadly angularly sinuate ; mesonotum
tricarinate ; tegmina longer than the body, gradually widened
towards apex, about apical third with numerous transverse veins,
veins of the clavus united beyond middle, interior ulnar vein
bifurcate at about same distance from base, radial vein bifurcate a
little beyond middle of tegmen; stigma elongate or oblong, with
oblique veins ; wings with transverse veins’ on apical area ; legs
long and slender, ‘anterior femora with a minute acute spine near
apex ; rostrum long, passing posterior coxte ; posterior tibiz long
and spined.
A. Tegmina and wings hyaline, without fascia or spots.
a. Head with a distinct cephalic process.
Cephalic process about as long in front of eyes as length from
anterior margins of eyes to base of head.
1784. Centromeria speilinea, Walk. (Dictyophora) J. Linn. Soc., Zool.
i, p. 84 (1856) ; Atkins. (Centromeria) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 25
(1886).
Head above and pronotum reddish-ochraceous ; head with the
marginal ridges to vertex and a central line to cephalic projection
green; a submarginal lateral fascia and central ridge to pronotum
green ; <aqaTUNae pale reddish-ochraceous, w ith the anterior
lateral margins, the posterior angle, and the three longitudinal
CENTROMERLIA. 251
ridges green; abdomen green, its apex greenish-ochraceous ; face
green, the central ridge purplish ; body beneath and legs pale green
or greenish-ochraceous ; apices of the femora, apices of anterior
tibie, the anterior tarsi, and apex of rostrum black or piceous ;
tegmina and wings hyaline,
the venation brownish-
olivaceous ; tegmina with
the stigma fuscous ; cephalic
process recurved, ascending,
about as long as vertex,
its apex subacute ; rostruin
about reaching the apex of
the second abdominal seg-
| inent; posterior tibie with
Fig. 110. —Centromeria speilinea, six spines, of which the three
on basal half are smallest.
Length excl. tegm. 11; exp. tegm. 28 to 292 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim; Myitta (Doherty).—Malay Peninsula; 8.E.
Borneo.
b. Cephalic process longer in front of eyes than length from
anterror margins of eyes to base of head.
1785. Centromeria cephalica, sp. n.
Body and legs ochraceous, in fresh specimens probably green ;
tegmina and wings with the venation dull ochraceous; tegmina
with the stigma very pale ochraceous ; head prominently produced
in front and a little upwardly recurved, the marginal ridges very
prominent and with a central carination which extends only a
short distance from base; longer in front of eyes than from
anterior margins of eyes to base; anterior femora practically
without a discernible spine at apex; posterior tibia with five
spines, the basal spine small.
Length excl. tegm. 9; exp. tegm. 23 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills (Hampson).
b. Head more or less truncate in front, without a cephalic process.
1786. Centromeria viridistigma, Kirby (Dictyophora), J. Linn. Soc.,
Zool. xxiv, p. 135 (1891); Melich. (Dictyophara) Hom. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 23 (1905).
Head above green, disk of vertex and apex purplish-red ; pro-
notum green, lateral margins and broad posterior marginal fascize
(not meeting centrally) purplish-red ; mesonotum green, the
disk between the central carine purplish-red; abdomen above
green or in some specimens greenish-ochraceous ; face bright
green, the central ridge purplish-red ; body beneath greenish or
greenish-ochraceous ; lateral margins of sternum purplish-red ;
legs testaceous, bases of femora more or less green ; tarsi piceous ;
252 FULGORID®
tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous-brown ; tegmina
with the stigma greenish, the apical area very slightly infuscate ;
head angularly produced, but with no distinct cephalic process ;
rostrum passing the posterior cox; posterior tibiee with four
spines and a minute basal tubercular projection; anterior femora
with a distinct spine near apex.
Length excl. tegm. 8 to 9; exp. tegm. 20 millim.
Hab, Ceylon (Lewis); Peradeniya, Kandy (Green).
B. Tegmina and wings fasciate and maculate.
1787. Centromeria simulata, sp. n.
Head ochraceous, two smal] central spots on vertex, a central
longitudinal line to front, two transverse lines on each lateral area
before eyes, central longitudinal ridge and a transverse subapical
fascia to face castaneous ; clypeus castaneons; pronotum casta-
neous-brown, with a broad central ochraceous fascia; mesonotum
castaneous-brown, with the narrow central carination and the
posterior angle ochraceous ; body piceous, with 2 double series of
large discal and a series of smaller spots on each lateral margin
ochraceous ; body beneath dark castaneous-brown ; rostrum, coxe,
legs, and some maculate markings to abdomen ochraceous; an
apical annulation to anterior femora, posterior femora (excluding
two apical ochraceous annulations), suffusions to tibiz, and apex to
rostrum dark castaneous-brown ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation brown; tegmina with the stigma, apical margin extending
to about outer fourth of posterior margin, aud claval area fuscous-
brown; wings with an irregular elongate fuscous-brown spot on
outer margin; head with a distinct cephalic process upwardly
directed, and about as long as space between outer margins of
eyes ; rostrum about reaching posterior cox; vertex of head
foveate on each side of central ridge between eyes.
Length excl. tegm. 10; exp. tegm. 31 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).
The markings to the tegmina and wings of this species strongly
resemble those of Udugama splendens, Germ.
Genus DICTYOPHARINA.
Dictyopharina, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 25 (1903).
Type, D. virtdissima, Melich.
Distribution. Oriental Region *.
Head not produced in a cephalic process, a little longer than
breadth between eyes, rounded in front, carinate medially and
_* This genus will probably be found to include a large number of species
hitherto treated as forming a section of Dictyophara, and in that case it will
also have a Neotropical and Ethiopian distribution.
DICYYOPHARINA, 258
laterally ; face three or four times as long as broad, with three
longitudinal ridges which converge towards the clypeus, the lateral
ridges unite anteriorly in a curve with the central one: pronotum
slightly arched in front, broadly concave posteriorly, medially
longitudinally ridged ; mesonotum with three longitudinal cari-
nations, the lateral ridges somewhat angularly sinuately waved and
forked, the outer fork short and straight, the inner longer and
stronger ; tegmina hyaline, in structure as in Detyophora, but
the costal margin a little more arched, three long veins in basal
area divided near middle, in apical third numerous transverse
veins ; stigma long, formed of six veins including the stigmatal
border ; posterior tibize with six or seven spines; anterior femora
with a short acute spine near apex.
1788. Dictyopharina viridissima, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 26
(1903),
Green in fresh specimens, ochraceous in discoloured ones;
tegmina and wings hyaline with the venation green or ochraceous ;
head a little longer than breadth between eyes, the vertex broad ;
Fig, 111.—Dictyopharina viridissiia.
rostrum passing the posterior coxe; tegmina with the apical
third strongly transversely veined.
Length excl. tegm. 8 to 11; exp. tegm. 24 to 30 millim.
Hab. Bombay (Brit. Mus.) ; Nilgiri Hills (Hampson). Ceylon
(Green).
1789. Dictyopharina consanguinea, sp. n.
Allied to D. viridissima, Melich., in coloration, but differing by
the head, in which the vertex is much more elongate and the
lateral ridges more sinuate; the lateral third of the tegmina is
also very distinctly less transversely veined; the posterior tibie
are also less distinctly spined on their basal areas, where the
spines are so obsolete as to make them appear less in number than
in Melichar’s species.
Length excl. tegm. 8 to 11; exp. tegm. 22 to 30 millim.
Hab. Burma; Myingyan (Bingham, Brit. Mus.). Pegu (Atkin-
son Coll.). Tenasserim; Myitta (Doherty).
254 FULGORID&.
Genus SYMPLANA.
Symplana, Kirby, J. Linn, Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 136 (1891); Melich.
Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 19 (1908).
Type, S. viridinervis, Kirby.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head and thorax above broadly and profoundly longitudinally
suleate ; head produced in a somewhat upcurved cephalic process
before the eyes, sulcate above, the edges emarginate ; face long,
with a central and two lateral carinz, one on each side, the last
only extending to about middle from apex, and for this distance
the edges are also carinate, giving the appearance of five carinz as
described by Kirby ; legs of moderate length, posterior tibize with
a single spine placed beyond middle; tegmina long and slender,
not apically amphated, with longitudinal simple veins, on about
apical fifth with transverse, oblique, and longitudinal veinlets ;
clavus without a transverse vein; wings with about two trans-
verse velns near apex.
I have followed Kirby and Melichar in enumerating this
genus among the Dictyopharine, but I do so with considerable
doubt and hesitation.
1790. Symplana viridinervis, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv,
p- 136, t. vi, f. 11 (1891) ; Meltch. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 19
(1903).
Greenish in fresh specimens, ochraceous in older or cabinet
examples; the central sulcation to the head and thorax above
sanguineous ; body beneath and legs a little paler in hue, apices of
the tarsi piceous; tegmina sub-
hyaline, somewhat talc-like, the
venation ochraceous, the edge of
inner margin sanguineous, a
double series of transverse Bs
a little before apex, the outermost
straight, the inner series obliquely
angulate, beyond these transverse
Fig. 112.—Symplana viridinervis, series the upper portion of the
apical area is obliquely and the
lower portion longitudinally vemed ; wings a little paler and more
hyaline than the tegmina.
Length excl. tegzm. 6; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Green).
Dictyophara fuminervis, Léth. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr, 1892, p. 208.
I have failed to identify this species. The characters given of
‘“pronotum unicarinatum”’ and the posterior tibiee as “ quinque-
spinosis” separate it from any species of Drctyophara here
enumerated, and it may belong to another genus altogether.
CIXIIN &. PARE
Subfamily IV. CIXIIN.
Cixida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 129 (1866).
Cixiina, Stal, Ofv. Vet.--Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 746; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng.
ive prol (1886).
Cixiidee, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 30 (1903).
The characters of this subfamily have already been fully detailed
(ante, p. 176). It is principally distinguished from the Dictyo-
pharine by the position of the ocelli, of which there are usually
three, aud one of them placed on the apex of the face ; this facial
ocellus is stated by Stal to be very rarely wanting, and if wanting
the sides of the clypeus are convex and not carinate. From the
subfamilies which immediately follow it, it is to be at once dis-
tinguished by the length of the claval vein, which does not reach
the apex.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Mesonotum with five longitudinal ridges .... OnraRus, p. 256.
B. Mesonotum with three longitudinal ridges.
a. Face broad, longer than broad, more or less
convexly ampliated or broadened posteriorly,
centrally and laterally carinate.
a. Tegmina with the inner margin con-
tinuous, not widened at its apex.
a’, Tegmina with costal margin continuous,
not sinuate.
a>. The three longitudinal veins to teg-
mina not united near middle of
PEO TEMY oters sssecrarn ce eal ots aaa ee Crxivs, p. 259.
b°. The three longitudinal veins to teg-
bf mina united near middle by two
te
transverse veins.
a*, Vertex of head as long as broad, its
lateral margins raised and lami-
MALO eo acto ye coe eee ANILA, p. 260.
6°, Vertex of head broader than long,
its lateral margins ridged ...... KUVERA, p. 261.
b’. Tegmina with costal margin sinuate
near middle.
a’, Two series of transverse veins to
ECOMMING (1hE es oes hes eeere este KIRBYANA, p. 262.
6?, Veins to tegmina pees and
LUINCAGO es seat ois ior payer verted cee ae Munpopa, p. 263.
6. Tegmina with the apical area at inner
margin more or less posteriorly produced.
Vertex of head with its anterior
TATOO OLUTCALC! oro aye © ree oe elaeeneiol PTOLERIA, p. 265.
b'. Vertex of head with its anterior
margin sinuate and the lateral
angles MLOMINeNts. .). <. « ssa onary BarMa, p. 266.
256 FULGORID&.
b. Face broadened posteriorly, but anteriorly
straightly narrowed and produced beyond
OYCSitalerh cain.) Mole spec eoe Cieeaeiee .... CHRONEBA, p. 267.
c. Face long, narrow, lateral margins strongly
carinate, narrowed towards clypeus...... MALANDEVA, p. 268.
d. Face long, narrow, lateral margins strongly
carinate, more or less narrowed and com-
pressed between eCy.eS:). tetsu dates mets Brix1a, p. 269.
Genus OLIARUS.
Oliarus, Stal, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. vi, p. 306 (1862); Hem. Afr. iv,
pp. 164 & 166 (1866); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv. p. 82 (18886) ;
Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 80 (1903).
Triopsis (part.), Sign. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr, 1860, p. 187.
Type, O. walkeri, Stal.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, Malayan, and Eastern Pale-
arctic Regions.
Head somewhat narrower than the thorax, angularly emarginate
at the base, vertex concave, varying in length and breadth; face and
clypeus together elliptical, with a distinct median longitudinal ridge
running through them; the lateral margins rounded, slightly
dilated ; face with an apical ocellus ; margins of clypeus ridged ;
eves slightly or scarcely sinuated beneath; antenna very short,
inserted beneath the eyes, first joint concealed, second small, some-
what globose ; pronotum very short, posteriorly deeply angularly
sinuate; mesonotum with five longitudinal ridges; tegmina
rounded at apices, radial and exterior ulnar veins contiguous at
their bases, radial and anterior ulnar veins bifurcating before the
middle of the tegmen ; legs moderately long, posterior tibiz armed
with two or three spines. .
A. Tegmina with the cellular areas without minute setose fuscous spots.
1791. Oliarus walkeri, S¢é (Cixius), Freg. Eug. Resa, Hem. p. 272
(1859); zd. (Oliarus) Berl. ent. Zeitschr. vi. p. 806 (1862); Atkins.
J. A, §. Beng..lv. p. 83 (1886).
Obscurely testaceous ; face and legs flavous-testaceous ; tegmina
pale vinaceous-hyaline, veins
concolorous, remotely punc-
tured with fuscous beyond
the middle, the five apical
transverse veins infuseated ;
stigma pale testaceous -
yellow, inwardly narrowly
1 tt eee fuscous ; head flavous-tes-
Fig. 113.— Oliarus walkeri, taceous, vertex almost twice
as long as broad, with two
ridges running forward and converging from the middle ; face with
the oval clypeus narrowed at base and apex, a single forked ridge
OLIARUS. ANT
at the base itself; thorax testaceous; pronotum very short,
posteriorly angularly sinuate ; mesonotum with five longitudinal
ridges which are paler in colour, and of which the lateral pair
somewhat diverge towards the apex; body beneath pale flavo-
testaceous ; sternum piceous.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 12 millim.
Hab. A species recorded from the Malay Peninsula and the
Philippine Islands, just entering our faunistic area on its south-
eastern frontier. I am indebted to Dr. Aurivillius for an oppor-
tunity of figuring it.
1792. Oliarus stigma, Motsch. (Cixius) Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. xxxvi, 3,
p. 105 (1863); Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 30 (1908).
Body above pale castaneous; ridges to head, pronotum, posterior
margin of mesonotum, and abdominal segmental margins pale
ochraceous ; body beneath brownish-ochraceous; abdominal
segmental margins pale ochraceous, abdominal apex piceous ;
face (excluding margins and central ridge) castaneous; legs
ochraceous ; tegmina creamy-hyaline, the veins fuscous, on about
basal half and near apex alternately broken with pale ochra-
ceous ; stigma fuscous, ochraceous at base; the tegmina are also
ornamented with some irregularly shaped fusccus spots, situate
two before middle and about six on apical area, and with a
posterior apical marginal fascia of the same colour, the marginal
edges of the tegmen also fuscous; wings hyaline, the venation
and apical marginal edge fuscous ; medial ridge to face and elypeus
acute, forked at anterior margin of face; mesonotum with five
medial longitudinal carinate lines, those on each side of the central
one converging and not reaching the anterior margin ; posterior
tibize with two or three very short spines before middle.
Length excl. tegm. 53 to 6; exp. tegm. 16 to 19 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Green).
1793. Oliarus tabrobanensis, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 31
(1903).
I only know this species by Melichar’s description, of which the
following appear to be the salient points :— Yellowish-brown ; face
two and a half times as long as width between eyes, with a trans-
verse ridge strongly acutely angulated and interrupted in front ;
fore part of head rusty-brown, on its lower angles there is a
yellowish-white transverse streak on each side; antenne piceous ;
ocelli distinct, pale yellowish, shining; pronotum narrow,
posteriorly obtusely angularly excavate, pale yellowish-brown,
thoracic folds rusty-brown, the outward curved lateral keels
paler ; mesonotum brown with five rusty-yellow ridges ; tegmina
hyaline with yellowish veins, which are coloured in places with
piceous and are set with fine brown granules from which emerge
short erect brown hairs, on the inside of the yellowish costal vein
VOL. III. 8
258 FULGORID2®.
are three piceous longitudinal streaks, but the marginal vein is not
setosely granulate; stigma three-cornered, piceous, pale yellowish in
front, in the apical area are several brown spots, especially on apical
margin, apical veins mostly brown, transverse veins infuscate,
closing marginal vein of clavus piceous; wings hyaline with
brown veins; abdomen yellowish-brown with the segmental
margins paler; legs rusty-yellow with indistinct darker longi-
tudinal stripes.
Length “ 6 to 63 millim.”
Hab, Ceylon (Green).
The type is stated to be in Kirkaldy’s collection, and is therefore
presumably at Honolulu.
1794, Oliarus caudatus, Walk. (Cixius) Ins. Saund., Hom. p. 48
(1858) ; Atkins. (Cixius?) J, A. S. Beng. lv, p. 32 (1886).
Body pale castaneous-brown; ridges to head, pronotum,
carinations to mesonotum, abdominal segmental margins, and legs
ochraceous ; frontal area of face (excluding margins and central
ridge) piceous; tegmina hyaline, the venation fuscous; stigma
Fig. 114.—Oliarus caudatus.
fuscous, pale at base, transverse veins on apical areas infuscate,
and two or three very obscure small fuscous spots at apical margin,
the longitudinal veins are minutely fuscously setosely maculate ;
wings hyaline, the venation palely fuscous; posterior tibiw with
two or three distinct spines, one near middle prominent ; meso-
notum with five longitudinal carinate lines, those on each side of
the central one slightly converging and not reaching anterior
margin.
Length excl. tegm. 6; exp. tegm. 16 to 20 millim.
Hab, “ North Hindostan ” (fide Walker).
1795. Oliarus fusconebulosus, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum very pale castaneous ;
legs ochraceous; abdomen black; tegmina pale creamy, semi-opaque,
the veins marked with small fuscous setose spots, three transverse
CIXIUS. 259
fuscous fascize, of which the first, complete and nearly straight,
is placed a little beyond base, the second curved posteriorly,
attenuated, and not quite reaching posterior margin, is situate a
little beyond middle, the third short at apex of stigma, apical
margin also fuscous; stigma ochraceous ; wings very pale
fuliginous and semi-hyaline, a little darker on apical areas ;
mesonotum with five longitudinal ridges; vertex of head with a
distinct longitudinal ridge; ridges to face and clypeus well
developed.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 15 millim.
Hab. Burma; Momeit (Doherty).
B. Tegmina with the cellular areas thickly sprinkled with minute
setose fuscous spots.
1796. Oliarus punctipennis, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum castaneous or piceous-brown ;
abdomen above brownish-ochraceous, the lateral and apical areas
piceous ; body beneath, rostrum, and legs brownish-ochraceous,
the segmental abdominal margins piceous ; disk of face (excluding
carina) castaneous; tegmina semi-hyaline with very numerous
minute setose fuscous spots, both on the veins and in the cellular
areas; the venation, stigma, some irregular longitudinal apical
spots, and the claval and posterior margins fuscous ; wings hyaline,
the venation fuscous ; mesonotum with five distinct longitudinal
carinate lines, the central one most pronounced; face and clypeus
centrally longitudinally carinate, their lateral margins acute ;
rostrum very long, its apex reaching the apical abdominal
segment; pronotum strongly centrally longitudinally ridged, an
oblique carinate line near each lateral margin, and a transverse
sinuate carinate line connecting them; posterior tibiee with two
or three spines, one near middle very prominent.
Length excl. tegm. 84 to 103; exp. tegm. 20 to 25 millim.
Hab. Sikbim (Ind. Mus.); Mungphu (Atkinson Coll., Brit.
Mus.). Nilgiri Hills (Hampson). Burma; Ruby Mines and Karen
Hills (Doherty).
Genus CIXIUS.
Cixius, Latr. Hist. Nat. Ins. xii, p. 310 (1803-4) ; id. Gen. Ins. iui,
p. 166 (1807) ; Stai, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 164 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. S.
Beng. ly, p. 31 (1886); Melch. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 80 (1908).
Type, C. nervosus, Linn., a Palearctic species.
Distribution. Probably nearly universal.
Head somewhat narrower than the pronotum, short, roundly
sinuated at base, vertex moderately concave, a little narrowed
anteriorly, its lateral margins strongly upwardly carinate ; face
longer than broad, gradually somewhat convexly broadened
2
260 FULGORID®.
posteriorly, centrally and laterally strongly earinate, with an
ocellus on apex; clypeus continuously carinate with face both
laterally and medially; eyes very slightly sinuate beneath ;
antenne inserted beneath the eyes, second joint small, sub-
globose; pronotum very short, posteriorly deeply angularly
emarginate; mesonotum tricarinate ; legs moderate in length,
posterior tibize armed with two or three spines ; tegmina with the
lateral margins parallel, interior ulnar and radial veins bifurcating
towards apical areas.
1797. Cixius pilifer, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 80 (1903).
Body and legs ochraceous; tegmina
pale tawny-yellow, anterior and apical
margins and stigma flavescent, veins
somewhat thickly covered with longly
setose granules; wings pale lacteous,
the veins a little darker; eyes more or
less piceous; posterior tibiee with two
short spines.
Length incl. tegm. 4 millim.
to}
Hab. Ceylon; Pattipola (Mus.
Hongrois).
Fig. 115.— Cixius pilifer, T am indebted to Dr. Horvath for two
cotypes of this species.
Genus ANILA, nov.
Type, A. fuliginosa, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Head narrower than pronotum; vertex as long as broad, with
the lateral margins raised and laminate before and at inner
margins of eyes, its base concavely emarginate ; face longer than
broad, truncate anteriorly (where it is narrowest) and concavely
emarginate posteriorly (where it is broadest), centrally and mar-
ginally carinate; clypeus moderately convex, obscurely centrally
carinate, its lateral margins distinctly acutely carinate ; pronotum
very narrow, its base subangularly emarginate ; mesonotum
tricarinate ; legs of moderate length, posterior tibize with two
short spines, basal joint of posterior tarsi long ; tegmina moderately
long, somewhat narrow, apices rounded, claval vein not reaching
apex, third longitudinal vein bifurcate before middle of tegmen,
costal area with a single oblique transverse vein, two transverse
veins terminating the three discal longitudinal veins and a dis-
located series of transverse veins crossing tegmen before apex ;
stigma somewhat long, outwardly angularly attenuated; wings
broader than tegmina.
I place this genus in the Civtine, by the character of the clavai
vein not reaching apex.
KUVERA. 261
1798. Anila fuliginosa.
Body above castaneous-brown, mesonotum somewhat piceous,
body beneath and legs brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina semi-opaque, .
greyish-brown, with fuliginous suffusions, which are mostly trans-
Fig. 116.—Anila fuliginosa.
verse and shown in figure better than by words, veins somewhat
thickly covered with setose fuscous granules ; wings semi-hyaline,
ereyish-brown, fuliginous at apices.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hab. Burma; Ruby Mines (Doherty).
I received two specimens of this species from Mr. Doherty.
Genus KUVERA, nov.
Type, A. semehyalina, Dist.
Iistribution, Oriental Region.
Head narrower than pronotum, vertex broader than long, its
lateral margins ridged and strongly concavely excavated for the
reception of the eyes ; face subquadrate, only slightly longer than
broad, its lateral margins ampliately acutely recurved, and with a
central ridge not reaching anterior margin ; clypeus with a central
ridge, and its lateral margins distinctly acutely carinate ; pro-
notum very short, with a prominent central ridge, its base
angularly emarginate; mesonotum very large, tricarinate; legs
somewhat long and slender, posterior tibize with two spines,
posterior tarsi with the basal joint very long; tegmina with their
apices somewhat conically rounded ; costal membrane broad,
without transverse veins, lower basal longitudinal vein forked,
three discal transverse veins beyond middle, and a curved
irregular series of transverse veins before apex, defining two sets
of cellular areas, the apical areas numerous and continued to
stigma; claval vein not reaching apex.
1799. Kuvera semihyalina, sp. n.
Vertex of head and pronotum ochraceous; mesonotum and
abdomen castaneous-brown, posterior margins of metanotum
ochraceous ; body beneath castaneous-brown ; anterior and lateral
margins of face and the legs brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina and
262 FULGORID2.
wings pale semi- hyaline, the venation mostly pale fuscous ;
tegmina crossed before middle by a curved, slightly broken,
Fig. 117.—Kuvera semihyalina.
macular fuscous fascia; stigma piceous, inwardly margined with
ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 16 millim
Hab. Burma: Ruby Mines (Doherty).
Genus KIRBYANA, nom. n.
Kirbya, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 37 (1903), nom. preeoce. in
Lepid. & Dipt.
Type, A. pagana, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head with the semi-globular eyes narrower than pronotum ;
face rather longer than broad, elongate, quadrangular, smooth,
earinate at sides and middle, at anterior margin angularly
indented, longer than breadth between eyes, nearly as long as
clypeus, expanded and broadest at clypeus; clypeus large, carinate
at middle and sides ; eyes longly oval, slightly concave beneath ;
antenne short, second joint strongly cylindrical ; ocelli distinct
near anterior margins of eyes; pronotum very narrow, scarcely
half as long as the vertex; mesonotum nearly twice as long
as pronotum and vertex together, tricarinate ; tegmina placed
vertically, apical margin slichtly convex ; three discal longitudinal
veins, of which the upper ‘and lower are forked ; ; two series of
transverse veins in middle and apical areas, the Jatter much more
complete ; abdomen laterally compressed ; legs simple; posterior
tibize not spined.
1800. Kirbyana pagana, Melich. (Kirbya) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 38,
Cy Tis ea eC
Body laterally compressed ; vertex, middle of pronotum and
mesonotum yellowish, outer sides or vertical ridges bordered with
brown, at the end of vertical ridge, but on its inner side, a small
brown spot; face yellowish marbled with numerous brown
blotches, middle carina paler, lateral ridges with two pale spots;
clypeus yellow with indistinct brown stripes; ocelli ruby-red ;
MUNDOPA. 263
tegmina yellowish-brown, in middle of costal margin a large pale
marginal spot round which the
corium is darker-coloured, the
veins and costal and apical
marginal veins white ; all the
veins with black granules, as
well as costal margin, which is
white until it runs into the
apical marginal vein, black
spots at the apices of apical
veins, a series of larger black
spots are found on the claval
Fig. 118.—Kirhyana pagana. vein and also on the inner
bifurcating veins ; abdomen
and legs yellowish-brown, the tibize longitudinally striped with
brown.
Length “ 9, 53 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (fide Melichar).
I only know this genus and species from Melichar’s descrip-
tions and figures.
Genus MUNDOPA, nov.
Type, MW. cingalensis, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head considerably narrower than pronotum, lateral margins of
vertex ampliately raised and apically subacute, giving the anterior
margin an appearance of concavity, and possessing a ‘central apical
ridge ; ; face elongate, moderately posteriorly ampliate, with a
central longitudinal ridge, and the lateral margins strongly carinate,
clypeus with a central ridge, base of head transversely sinuate ;
pronotum very small with prominent lateral ridges; mesonotum
tricarinate ; legs of moderate length, femora moderately thickened,
posterior tibiz unarmed, basal joint of posterior tarsi long;
tegmina broadened towards apex, their costal margins moderately
arched and convex on basal areas, and then distinctly slightly
concavely sinuate near to or a little beyond middle, all the
venation (excluding cellular terminations) longitudinal, those on
apical areas mostly bifurcate ; wings broader than tegmina; a very
distinct basal ocellus to face.
The Bornean species described by Walker as Civius dotatus
belongs to this genus.
In superficial appearance Mundopa has much in common with
the Neotropical genus Bothriocera, Burm.
1801. Mundopa cingalensis, sp. n.
Body above piceous; head, pronotum, body beneath, and legs
ochraceous ; sternum and abdomen more or less suffused with
brown or piceous-brown; face and clypeus piceous, with their
264 FULGORID &.
lateral margins ochraceous; tegmina very pale stramineous,
extreme basal area and the apical area (excluding apical margin)
very pale fuscous, the inner disk of the fuscous apical area is also
Fig. 119.—Mundopa cingalensis.
much paler, stigma piceous; wings pale fuliginous, with paler
streaks at base “of. costal margin and on outer area; vertex of
head a little piceous anteriorly, where it possesses a aor robust,
medial ridge; pronotum posteriorly very strongly angularly
emarginate ; basal ocellus to face prominently distinct.
Length excl. tegm. 3; exp. tegm. 10 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Bogawantalawa (Greei).
1802, Mundopa greeni, sp. n.
Body above piceous, ridges to head and pronotum ochraceous ;
body beneath piceous, the carinate margins to face and the legs
ochraceous ; tegmina pale obscure stramineous, a very broad
apical margin and a narrower costal area fuscous- brown, extreme
costal and apical margins ochraceous ; wings very pale fuliginous,
with darker suffusions on apical and anal areas; vertex of head
with the central ridge extending from apex to about one-fourth
from base, where it joins an obscure transverse ridge, its lateral
margins very strongly upwardly laminately carinate; pronotum
very narrow, posteriorly strongly, somewhat concavely emar-
ginute; abdominal segmental margins above palely obscurely
ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 3; exp. tegm. 10 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Green, Brit. Mus.).
1803. Mundopa myitte, sp. n.
Body piceous or brownish-piceous; legs ochraceous ; head and
pronotum testaceous ; tegmina fuscous-brown, the interior disk
from beneath radial vein ochraceous; wings fuliginous-brown ;
vertex of head with the central ridge extending from apex to about
one-fourth from base, where it joins a very prominent transverse
ridge, which is somewhat centrally finely suleate ; lateral vertical
margins strongly upwardly laminately carinate, their edges a little
reflexed ; mesonotum strongly longitudinally tricarinate, the
lateral carine converging anteriorly.
PTOLERIA. 265
Var. The tegmina almost uniformly fuscous-brown, the basal
ochraceous coloration being practically absent.
Length excl. tegm. 23 ; exp. tegm. 10 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
1804, Mundopa dohertyi, sp. n.
Body and legs ochraceous, abdomen (excluding base) piceous ;
tegmina very pale ochraceous, semi-opaque ; extreme margins (ex-
cluding base of posterior margin) pale fuscous, a little darker on
costal margin ; wings pale hyaline ; apices of raised lateral margins
to vertex of head very acutely prominent, the disk with a central
ridge continued from apex to a transverse ridge between the eyes ;
mesonotum prominently tricarinate; tegmina distinctly sinuated
before middle of costal margin.
Length excl. tegm. 3 ; exp. tegm. 82 millim.
Hab, Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
1805. Mundopa fasciata, sp. n.
Head and thorax above pale castaneous-brown ; abdomen above
piceous ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; anterior area of face
and eyes piceous-brown ; tegmina semi-opaque greyish-white, the
veins darker; stigma piceous, from beneath which a pale fuscous
fascia crosses the tegmen ; wings somewhat imperfect in specimen
described, but apparently with a pale fuscous streak in both the
costal and anal areas; tegmina with the costal margin distinctly
concavely sinuate near stigma.
Length excl. tegm. 2; exp. tegm. 6 millim.
Hab, 'Tenasserim ; Mvyitta (Doherty).
Mr. Doherty sent me a single specimen of this small but
distinct species.
Genus PTOLERIA.
Ptoleria, Sta, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 321 (1859) ; Melich. Hom.
Faun. Ceylon, p. 36 (1908).
Type, P. arcuigera, Stal.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Body moderately compressed ; head truncate, vertex transverse,
its apex truncate, its lateral margins moderately elevated, medially
carinate, before eyes somewhat prominent ; face concave, narrowed
anteriorly, aboye clypeus on both sides moderately posteriorly
ampliate, medially carinate throughout its entire length, its
margins dilated; clypeus tricarinate ; eyes beneath subsinuate ;
ocelli two ; pronotum short, angularly arcuated ; mesonotum large,
convex, tricarinate ; tegmina more than twice as long as the
body, apical area distinctly broadest, apex obliquely rounded,
266 FULGORID&.
veins longitudinal, three principal, of these the central longest
and before middle furcate, on apical area a nearly continuous
series of transverse veins; legs short, posterior tibie unarmed,
posterior tarsi with the basal joint much the longest.
1806. Ptoleria arcuigera, S/d, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 821 (1859) ;
Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 87, t. i, f. 9a, b (1908).
Testaceous - white ; lateral
areas of the mesonotum, small
minute scattered spots to teg-
minal veins, and an arcuated
subangulate fascia beyond middle
occupying the whole breadth of
tegmina and internally convex,
upper surface of abdomen (ex-
cepting incisures), lateral narrow,
short fasciz to clypeus, small
basal and apical spots to femora,
Fig. 120.—Ptoleria arcuigera. and basal and apical annulatious
to anterior tibie fuscous.
* Length 3}; cum tegm. 6 millim.”
Hab, Ceylon.
I only know this species by the descriptions of Stal and
Melichar, and the figures given by the last writer, which are here
reproduced.
Genus BARMA, nov.
Type, B. diversa, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head a little narrower than pronotum, tront strongly emarginate
anteriorly, vertex with a transverse impression between the eves
and a longitudinal carination ; face obliquely concave, widened
posteriorly, centrally longitudinally ridged, the ridge bifurcate at
anterior margin; clypeus with a central carination, the lateral
margins also ridged, face obliquely truncate before clypeus, head
truncate at base; pronotum short; mesonotum with three longi-
tudinal ridges ; tegmina very broad, their apices obliquely rounded,
a little arched at base of costal margin, veins of radial and outer
ulnar areas bifurcating near their bases; legs of moderate length ;
posterior tibiz with a short spine near middle.
The Bornean species Civius finitus, Walk., must also be included
in this genus,
1807. Barma diversa, sp. n.
Head, thorax, and legs ochraceous; abdomen piceous, with a
transverse greyish line above near base; tegmina greyish, semi-
CHRONEBA. 267
opaque, much suffused and spotted with pale fuscous-brown, most
prominently so across middle and on apical area ; wings mutilated
in specimens described, similar in colour and markings to tegmina,
but apparently becoming more fuscous towards anal area ; anterior
Fig. 121.—Barma diversa.
angles of head above prominent and robust, vertex longitudinally
carinate and transversely so between the eyes ; mesonotum tri-
carinate ; tegmina very broad, their maximum breadth greater
than that of wings ; face very strongly truncate before clypeus.
Length excl. tegm. 3; exp. tegm. 11 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
Genus CHRONEBA.
Chroneba, Stal, Berl, ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 820 (1859).
Type, C. pallifrons, Stal.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head above and before eyes compressed, produced, and elevated,
vertex narrow, long, the lateral margins carinate, medially foli-
aceously elevate; face and vertex compressed, the first with its
base narrowed, beyond middle posteriorly distinctly ampliated,
apex strongly straightly narrowed, its margins acute, medially
carinate throughout its entire length; clypeus medially carinate,
its lateral margins elevated, continuous with margins of face ;
ocelli placed beneath eyes ; pronotum short, angulate, tricarinate,
the lateral carinze most pronounced, diverging ; mesonotum obso-
letely tricarinate; tegmina longly passing apex of abdomen,
apical area distinctly broader and sublobate, the longitudinal
veins posteriorly divided into two series by transverse veins;
posterior tibiz with a single spine before middle.
1808. Chroneba pallifrons, S¢@/, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 8320 (1859) ;
Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 40, t. ii, f. 1 a, 6 (1903).
“Above black, beneath with legs yellowish-white ; abdomen
beneath fuscous, segmental margins pale; apical area of meso-
268 FULGORID.E.
notum triangularly produced, two spots to clavus (one subbasal,
the other apical), a small subapical spot, and another larger costal
Fig. 122.—Chroncha pallifrons.
spot beyond middle of tegmen flavous, the last divided by two
transverse black lines ” (Stal).
“ Length 42; cum tegm. 6 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon.
I do not know this species, and have copied Stal’s description
and Melichar’s figures.
Genus MELANDEVA, nov.
Type, MV. ocellata, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head much narrower than the pronotum, sides of the vertex
broadly, upwardly, laminately, convexly produced considerably
above each eye, where they form an acute angle, and continued as
margins to face, which is long, very concave, narrowed towards
clypeus, the margins very finely carinate, and exhibiting a very
distinct median ocellus; clypeus short, medially carinate; pronotum
short, medially carinate, its lateral margins moderately laminately
convex ; mesonotum centrally tricarinate ; abdomen above with
a central longitudinal ridge ; rostrum passing the posterior coxe ;
legs moderately long and slender, longitudinally grooved, posterior
tibie without spines; tegmina somewhat broad and ampliated
towards apices ; stigma long with transverse carinz, costal mem-
brane without transverse veins, apical and ulnar areas about
equally long ; wings very much broader than tegmina.
1809. Melandeva ocellata, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, body beneath, and legs ochraceous ; abdomen
castaneous-brown, its segmental margins above and _ beneath
ochraceous ; face with two pale piceous streaks on its upper half ;
extreme margins of process to head and face and the longitudinal
BRIXIA, 269
ridges to legs pale piceous ; tegmina creamy-white suffused with
pale fuscous, the venation dark fuscous, a little paler on apical
area ; the stigma fuscous, ochraceous at base and apex ; the apical
areas mostly pale fuscous, a few scattered, short, waved, fuscous
spots, three in costal membrane, four in broken sequence beneath
it, and two on central disk of ulnar areas, claval area palely
infuscate, near outer angle of posterior margin is a large rounded
Fig, 125.—Melandeva ocellata.
piceous spot with an ochraceous outer margin and a white central
papillate spot ; wings pale fuscous with grevish-white suffusions.
Length excl. tegm. 93; exp. tegm. 30 millim.
Hab. Assam; Khasi Hills (Brit. Mus.) Burma; Momeit
(Doherty).
Genus BRIXIA.
Brixia, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. (1856) p. 162; id. Hem. Afr. iv,
pp. 166 & 1738 (1866); Athins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 83 (1886) ;
Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 33 (1903).
Triopsis (part.), Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1860, p. 187.
Type, B. natalicola, Stal, from 8. Africa.
Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Regions.
Head much narrower than the pronotum, vertex narrow, com-
pressed, narrower by half than the eyes, passing over into the
face, which is long, gradually narrowed upward, much compressed
between the eyes, without or with a very obsolete medial ridge,
but with lateral margins strongly carinate, an ocellus at the apex ;
clypeus with a median ridge and its lateral margins carinate ;
eyes sinuated beneath ; antenne inserted beneath the eyes, first
joint exserted, second longer than thick; pronotum very short,
angularly emarginate at base; mesonotum tricarinate ; tegmina
gradually but distinctly ampliate towards apices, radial and
exterior ulnar veins united near their bases; legs of moderate
length, simple, posterior tibiz unarmed.
I have followed Stal’s description of his genus.
270 FULGORID A”.
A. Tegmina with the veins minutely setosely maculate.
1810. Brixia nubila, Walk. (Cixius) List Hom. Suppl. p. 80 (1858) ;
Stal (Brixia), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 487; Kirby (Cixius),
J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 137, t. v, f. 18 (1891); Meltch.
(Brixia) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 58 (1903).
Brixia subfasciata, Stal, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 320 (1859).
Kirby has given such a minute description of this species that
I reproduce it here :—
“ Brown ; orbits, some lines on the thorax, and the incisions of
the abdomen (narrowly) whitish ; legs testaceous ; tegmina light
brown, varied with black and subhyaline markings; all the
nervures white and marked with single or double rows of black
spots, from each of which proceeds a single hair; at the extremity
of each nervure, just before the margin, which is whitish, the
extreme outer edge being brown, stands a distinct white spot ;
the principal subhyaline or whitish markings are firstly two large
and one small space on the costa separated by darker spaces, and
followed by a large stigma-like mark, which is light brown edged
with pale at each extremity, the first of these, which sometimes
coalesces with the second after crossing the first nervure, runs
down in a point half across the tegmen ; below and beyond its
lower part stand some black markings, and there is another on the
inner margin, surrounded with a clear space; beyond this is an
oblique clear spot rather below the middle of the tegmen, and a
smaller one near the inner margin, separated by a black spot ;
beyond the third vitreous spot on the costa a blackish line,
forming a slight curve towards the base, runs nearly to the inner
margin, it is bordered on the outer concavity with pale ; beyond
this is a conspicuous oblique black spot on the inner margin, and
two small black spots (sometimes connected into a short, slightly
zigzag line) about the middle of the tegmen; between the stig-
moidal spot and the tip of the tegmina is a large dusky space,
with a white dot near its upper edge, and its inner side narrowly
edged with pale; beyond it is a white band, more or less divided
in two by an obiique spot opposite the hind margin, but not quite
extending either to the costa or the inner margin ; wings iridescent
subhyaline, with brown nervures.”
Length excl. tegm. 4 to 43; exp. tegm. 10 to 12 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Pundaluoya; Bogawantalawa (Green).
1811. Brixia meander, Walk. (Cixius) List Hom. ii, p. 349 (1851);
Stal (Brixia), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 487; Atkins. L.A. 8.
Beng. lv, p. 34 (1886).
Somewhat closely allied to the preceding species (B. nubila) ;
tegmina with similar setose black dots to the veins; the transverse
fasciate-like space crossing tegmen just before middle narrower
and more or less continuous to inner margin, more outwardly
oblique in direction, with its margins much more angularly
waved.
lod
BRIXIA. Aa
Beyond this prominent differential character the other points
of distinction are too small to be adequately described by words.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 12 millim.
Hab, “ Kast India” (Brit. Mus.). Ceylon; Puttalam (Green).
The typical specimen labelled ‘‘ East India” was from the
collection made by Archdeacon Clerk
B. Tegmina with the veins not minutely setosely maculate.
1812. Brixia tortriciformis, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 188,
t. v, f. 12 (1891); Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 34 (1903).
Bedy above brownish; pronotum tricarinate, these carine, the
inner edge of the two interocular carine, and an oblique lateral
fascia on each side of pro- and mesonota yellowish-white ; body
beneath and legs very pale ochraceous ; marginal and central area
to face and suffusions near apex of abdomen black or piceous ;
Fig, 124.—Brivia tortriciformis.
legs with fuscous lines ; tegmina very pale ochraceous, subhyaline,
with paler suffusions and fuscous ae as in figure (supra),
which affords a better description than can be expressed i in words ;
wings very palely infuscate, the veins darkly fuscous ; in this
species the veins of the tegmina are not setosely maculate.
Length excl. tegm. 4 to 43 ; exp. tegm. 12 to 14 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Nawalapitya, Kandy (Green).
1813. Brixia albomaculata, sp. n.
Body above dark brown; head, pronotum, and abdominal
segmental margins dull ochraceous; body beneath dull ochra-
ceous ; the legs and transverse fascize to abdomen dark brown,
legs linearly streaked with ochraceous ; tegmina very pale
fuscous- brown with creamy-white markings, of which there are
four spots in radial area, a large triangular spot beneath its basal
half, a transverse fascia from its apex to inner margin of tegmen,
a claval longitudinal streak, a somewhat large irregular patch on
apical area (containing a pale fuscous spot), a triangular spot near
apex of costal margin, and two transverse spots near apical
inargin ; commencing near apex of inner margin is a longitudinal
2 FULGORID®.
waved fuscous spot containing four small pale spots, three of
which are pearly-white and one ochraceous, costal and apical
margins narrowly (broadly from end of radial area to apex)
umber-brown ; wings very pale fuliginous, the venation fuscous ;
pronotum centrally carinate; mesonotum tricarinate ; basal ocellus
to face very distinct.
Length excl. tegm. 7; exp. tegm. 20 millim.
Hab. Bombay (Brit. Mus.).
1814. Brixia flavomaculata, sp. n.
Head and thorax above ochraceous; disk of mesonotum and
dorsal surface of abdomen castaneous; body beneath and legs
ochraceous ; tegmina pale tawny-yellow with white and fuscous
markings ; basal half of radial area white with a subcentral fuscous
spot, an oblique spot beneath and before middle of radial area
and a claval streak white, a transverse white fascia inwardly
margined with fuscous crosses tegmen from end of radial area, and
on upper half between this and apex are two short oblique fasciv,
both inwardly margined with fuscous, one directed outward, the
other inward, beneath these a few longitudinal greyish-white spots,
an apical oblique white fascia inwardly margined with fuscous, and
three subapical white spots; near end of inner margin there is a
somewhat large oblique fuscous spot containing two small ochra-
ceous spots, followed by a fuscous spot on apical margin; wings
palely infuscate, the venation fuscous; pronotum centrally carinate ;
mesonotum tricarinate.
Length excl. tegm. 54; exp. tegm. 20 millim.
Hab. Assam ; Margherita (Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mus.). Khasi
Hills (Brit. Mus.).
Subfamily V. TROPIDUCHIN A.
Tropiduchida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 180 & 186 (1866).
Tropiduchina, Stal, Ofv. Vet. Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 748; Atkins. J. A.
S. Beng. lv, p. 37 (1886).
Tropiduchidee, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 11 (1908).
Head more or less narrower than the pronotum ; sides of clypeus
without a ridge or with only an obtuse ridge; pronotum tricari-
nate, usually angularly emarginate at base, seldom roundly sinuate ;
commisural margin of tegmina straight or rounded behind the
clavus; costal area sometimes dilated ; costal membrane often but
not invariably transversely veined, as apparently regarded by
Stal.
The principal distinguishing character of this subfamily from
the Achiline is, in my estimation, the non-carinate lateral margins
ot the clypeus ; the basal joint of the posterior tarsi is always
more or less elongate.
HIRACIA, “19
Synopsis of Genera.
A. oy elliptical, convex ; tegmina coriaceous.
. Face not longer than broad, convexly am-
pliated near bases nae tae Ran rte Hiracta, p. 273.
b. Face considerably longer than broad, not:
convexly ampliated near base .......... KaRNA, p. 274.
B. Body neither elliptical nor convex; tegmina
not coriaceous.
a. Vertex of head broadly produced in front of
eyes and apically rounded; including eyes
only a little narrower than pronotum.
a’. Pronotum posteriorly profoundly emargi-
nate ; apical areas of tegmina with trans-
VETSEPVELTISY ¥s, 1 oRsrstoneeselet cote: 0 «es Seas aye TAMBINIA, p. 276.
}'. Pronotum not posteriorly ‘profoundly emar-
ginate; apical areas of tegmina without
transverse veins.
a*, Face longer than broad; posterior tibize
WHE hs bwOiS PIGS ae rte ete viens f icbavunvesone + Ossa, p. 279.
b°. Face broader than Jong; posterior tibie
With) LATCE SPINES. cf. cto nevacsaeudtrons ace wd STIBORUS*, p. 280.
b. Vertex of head (including eyes) considerably
narrower than pronotum.
a’, Tegmina long and narrow, with two series
of transverse veins enclosing apical and
aes areas.
Sree hyaline.
. Costal membrane without transverse
VOLS 5, Pe seccnapsicrte sueyshaycheferavschereterarsuciers LevsaBa, p. 280.
6°. Costal membrane with widely sepa-
rated transverse’ Velns.........5.06- STacora, p. 281,
ce’, Costal membrane with numerous ob-
POWERING, eds pgbounedeocoueodc Epora, p. 282.
b°. Tegmina opaque. “Costal membrane
without transverse veins .......... BaARuNA, p. 283.
b'. Tegmina short and broad, irregularly veined. PARvzELIA, p. 284,
Genus HIRACIA.
Hiracia, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 154 (1857); Stal, Hem.
Afr. iv, p. 188 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. lv, p. 40 (1886).
Type, H. tgnava, Walk., from Borneo.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
“ Body elliptical, convex ; head with the borders hardly elevated;
vertex conical, with three distinct keels ; front and face with three
distinct keels, the former obconical, excavated next the face,
which is lanceolate; prothorax full twice broader than long,
narrower in front, with five keels ; mesothorax triangular, acumi-
nated, with three keels; fore wings acuminated, with numerous
rugulose veins and transverse veinlets.” (Walk er.)
* T have not seen this genus, and only know it by Dr. Melichar’s description.
VOL. III. 7
274 FULGORID&.
1 give Walker’s description of this genus for two reasons: firstly,
because it is evidently on that and Walker’s figure that Stal in-
cluded Hiracia in his Tropiduchina ; and secondly, because the only
species recorded from British India is one described and figured
by Signoret, which I have not seen, and which may or may not
be strictly congeneric.
1815. Hiracia walkeri, Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 57, t. ii,
f, 3, a,b; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 40 (1886).
“ Yellowish-grey with two black patches on the tegmina; head
weakly angular in front with a median keel
on the face; vertex grooved, with the
margins strongly carinated, posterior margin
concave; pronotum angular, rounded in front,
furnished with a great number of small
tubercles along the anterior margin and on
its disk, and a median transverse impression ;
mesonotum weakly tricarinate ; tegmina with
veins without anastomoses but faintly reti-
Fig. 125. culated in the intervals, a median triangular
Hiracia walkeri. black spot towards costal margin, and an
oblong spot behind towards the internal
margin; abdomen yellowish, shorter than the tegmina; legs
yellow, very long ; posterior tibiee furnished on the external sides
with seven spines, a character which serves to separate this species
from H. ignava, Walk.” (Signoret.)
Length 7 millim.
Hab. “India” ( fide Signoret).
In his description Signoret refers to his illustration as “ fig. 4” ;
it is, however, correctly lettered on his plate as ‘fig. 3.”
Genus KARNA, nov. |
Type, K. karenia, Dist.
Mstribution. Burma.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; vertex long,
horizontal, medially and marginally carinate, its anterior margin
rounded ; antenne inserted beneath the eyes, second joint short,
robust; face long, tricarinate, the margins also finely carinate,
the sublateral carinsee not quite reaching base, which is angularly
emarginate before clypeus, its apex rounded, the apical margin
strongly carinate ; clypeus with a strong medial carination, its
lateral margin deflected and simple; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate cox; pronotum almost as long as vertex, strongly
medially tricarinate, its posterior margin strongly concavely emar-
ginate, beyond the lateral carine obliquely deflected ; mesonotum
triangular, its disk tricarinate, and between the lateral carine,
which are rounded and meet anteriorly, the surface is moderately
KARNA. PAKS
concave ; tegmina coriaceous, on each side roundly oblique, the
veins strongly elevated and more or less broadly reticulated by
the presence of oblique and transverse cross-veins, especially on
apical area, between the veins they are also distinctly punctate ;
legs moderately long and robust, prominently longitudinally
grooved, the anterior and intermediate tibize ampliated and cen-
trally carinate ; posterior tibiz with two strong teeth at base;
posterior tarsi with the basal joint moderately long and robust :
posterior femora with a short strong apical spine.
This genus is allied to Hiracia, from which it differs by having
the face considerably longer than broad and not convexly am-
pliated posteriorly, the vertex much longer than broad, &c. It
also possesses affinities with the Mexican genus Grynia, Stal.
1816. Karna karenia, sp. n.
Body pale testaceous, with darker speckles and punctures ;
tegmina with two obliquely transverse piceous lines, the first near
middle, the other on apical area, and possessing two longitudinal
branches running posteriorly, one on disk, the other near costal
margin ; anterior area of face, clypeus, and prosternum (excluding
lateral margins) more or less piceous; abdomen beneath finely
Fig. 126.—Karna karenia.
mottled with piceous; legs brownish-ochraceous with pale
mottlings, apices of tarsi piceous ; apices of the tegmina subacute,
their lateral margins distinctly sinuate near middle ; legs more
or less strongly pilose ; posterior tibie with two strong teeth at
base, and posterior femora with a strong apical spine (not shown
in figure).
Length 14 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karen Hills (Doherty).
276 FULGORID2®.
Genus TAMBINIA.
Tambinia, Stal, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iui, p. 316 (1859).
Type, 7. languida, Stal.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Body short; head a little narrower than the pronotum, the
vertex produced and apically rounded, its margins reflexed, and
with a central longitudinal carination ; face very strongly recli-
nated, nearly horizontal, between and behind eyes with the margins
subparallel, before eyes subangulate, base rounded, beneath for
more than half of length medially more or less distinctly carinate ;
clypeus triangular, convex, its margins not carinate ; ocelli obso-
letely situate between the eyes ; antenne short; pronotum a little
anteriorly produced, posteriorly profoundly emarginate, tricarinate,
the lateral carine oblique; mesonotum tricarinate, the lateral
carine converging anteriorly, the central carina abbreviated
posteriorly ; legs of moderate length, posterior tibiz bispinose ;
tegmina about one-third longer than the body, subparallel, their
apices rounded, four longitudinal veins extending for about two-
thirds from base, the first very near costal margin, fourth beyond
middle furcate, at about one-third from base obliquely divided
from seven short longitudinal veins, constituting short cellular
areas divided by transverse veins from longer and more numerous
apical areas in which many of the veins are furcate.
The exact location of this genus is differently regarded.
Melichar (Hom. Faun. Ceylon) places it, in the Ciwiine, but Stal,
its founder, clearly by implication (Ofv. Vet-Ak. Forh. 1870,
p- 750), refers it to the Zropiduchine, where I leave it.
A. Head rounded, but not prominently narrowed anteriorly.
a. Vertex of head longer than space between eyes.
a. Face about twice as long as broad, the central carination
evanescent posteriorly.
1817. Tambinia languida, S¢é, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 817 (1859) ;
Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 89 (1903).
Pale virescent, the mesonotum some-
times tinted with ochraceous ; basal two-
thirds of tegmina seini-opaque, apical
third semihyaline, paler in hue, the
venation virescent; wings pale semi-
hyaline, the venation virescent ; body
beneath more or less tinted with ochra-
ceous ; legs virescent ; apices of spines to
posterior tibize fuscous; vertex of head
a little longer than space between eyes ;
face almost twice longer than broad,
the central longitudinal carination be-
coming evanescent posteriorly ; base of pronotum acutely angularly
emarginate.
Length incl. tegm. 7 to 8 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Green, Brit. Mus.).
Fig. 127.
Tambinia languida,
TAMBINIA. QU
1818. Tambinia inconspicua, sp. n.
Body and legs ochraceous, apical half of abdomen moderately
infuscate ; tegmina of a very pale tawny hue, the venation pale
fuscous ; wings pale hyaline; vertex of head longer than space
between eyes, the central and lateral carinations very prominent ;
carinations to both pro- and mesonota well pronounced ; posterior
Fig. 128.—Taimbinia inconspicua.
tibie armed with two spines; face about twice as long as broad
its central carination becoming evanescent towards base.
Length excl. tegm. 43; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hab. Burma (Stockholm Mus.).
Dr. Aurivillius kindly forwarded me this unnamed species for
description. It is allied to 7. languida, Stal, from which it is to
be distinguished by the shape and structure of the head as shown
in the figures of the two species.
Be
aa. Vertex of head about as lony as broad.
a’. Face a little longer than broad, carination to face percurrent.
1819. Tambinia debilis, Sta, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 317 (1859) ;
Melich, Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 89, t. i, f. 18, a (1903).
Pale virescent ; mesonotum frequently tinted with ochraceous :
tegmina semihyaline, virescent on claval areas; body beneath and
legs virescent, more or less tinted with ochraceous ; apices of
spines to the posterior tibize fuscous; vertex of head about as
long as breadth between eyes ; face about one-third longer than
broad, the central carina extending throughout its entire length ;
pronotum moderately angularly emarginate at base.
Length incl. tegm. 6 to 7 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Green, Brit. Mus.).
1820. Tambinia maculosa, sp. n.
Pale virescent; tegmina with the venation darker green, the
claval area very pale brownish, the apical area a little paler in
hue and more or less marginally suffused with very pale brown,
the most prominent spots being one on costal margin at about
one-fourth from apex, and one farther from apex and nearer inner
278 FULGORID 2.
margin ; wings pale creamy-hyaline ; head above about as long as
broad, moderately narrowing anteriorly, with a central longitudinal
carination ; face longer than broad, central carination percurrent ;
apices of spines to posterior tibize slightly fuscous.
Length 53; exp. tegm. 11 millim.
Hab. ‘* India” (Brit. Mus.).
a’, Face about twice as long as broad, carination percurrent.
1821. Tambinia rufoornata, S¢@l, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 317 (1859) ;
Melich. Hom, Faun. Ceylon, p. 39 (1908).
Pale virescent, apical areas of tegmina hyaline; a suffusion on
each side of head before eyes, the posterior margin of pronotum,
carine to mesonotum, and commissural margins of tegmina more
or less rufous-red ; a subbasal spot to tegmina near clavus and
the oblique division on tegmina between corium and membrane
very pale fuscous; vertex of head scarcely longer than broad ;
face nearly twice as long as broad, the central carination percurrent
throughout its entire length; apices of spines to posterior cox
fuscous.
Length incl. tegm. 7 millim.
Hab, Ceylon; Maskeliya (Green).
a’, Face about as long as broad, its central carination obsolete.
1822. Tambinia atrosignata, sp. n.
Pale virescent, the apical areas of tegmina hyaline ; two black
elongate spots near bases of sutural margins of tegmina ; oblique
division between corium and membrane marked with several
fuscous spots ; body beneath and legs more ochraceous and less
virescent ; head with the vertex about as broad as long; face about
as broad as long, scarcely perceptibly longitudinally carinate ;
pronotum with its lateral angles prominent, its posterior margin
moderately angularly emarginate.
Length incl. tegm. 6 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (Gree).
B. Head gradually narrowed to apex.
1823. Tambinia capitata, sp. n.
Head and thorax above virescent; body beneath and legs
yellowish-green ; tegmina with their basal two-thirds very pale
yellowish-green and semi-opaque, their apical thirds hyaline;
vertex of head a little longer than broad, gradually and moderately
narrowed to apex; face nearly twice as long as broad, the cen-
tral carination continued throughout its entire length, concavely
narrowed beyond middle; pronotum posteriorly acutely angularly
emarginate.
Length incl. tegm. 6 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
OSSA. 279
Genus OSSA.
Ossa, Motsch, Bull, Soc. Nat. Mose. xxxvi, 5, p. 106 (1868); Melich.
Hom, Faun, Ceylon, p. 49 (1903).
Type, O. dimidiata, Motsch.
Distribution. Ceylon.
‘“‘ Horizontal and enlarged form of Civius, but the anterior
halves of the tegmina of a cartilaginous consistence, shining, not
transparent ; head horizontal, depressed, about four distinct
supertficies, vertex produced as an obtuse cone and margined ;
face very horizontal, very depressed, elliptical, the margins
prominent and with a medial longitudinal carination; ocelli
absent; rostrum robust; antennz inserted laterally under the
eves; posterior margin of head truncate at about middle of
eyes and hidden in a kind of forked hood, which is produced
laterally just beyond the middle of the pronotum, having the
posterior angles dilated and reflected ; thorax much larger than
head, triangular, tricarinate; scutellum very small, triangular ;
tegmina ampliated at about middle, their apices rounded, veins on
the anterior cartilaginous area strongly elevated, the cellular areas
very long, nearly concave, veins on the posterior transparent
area less elevated, all longitudinal; body beneath elongately oval;
legs not longer than the tegmina, posterior tibize armed with two
spines.” (Motschoulsky.)
1824. Ossa dimidiata, Motsch. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose, xxxvi, 3, p. 107,
t. xi, f. 23 (1863) ; Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 49, t. ii, f. 10, @
(1905).
“Elongate, dilate, tectiform, depressed, shining, green; head
and sutures of the thorax
subochraceous ; tegmina pos-
teriorly hyaline, triangular, infus-
cate, apex paler; face, eyes,
body beneath, and legs slightly
white; head triangularly arcuated,
depressed, longitudinally tricari-
nate, posteriorly between eyes
straightly truncate, covered with
fureate hood, laterally at base of
tegmina much prolonged, hood
medially widely tricarinate ;
Fig. 129.—Ossa dimidiata. pronotum broader than head,
triangular, posteriorly arcuated,
medially tricarinate, the carine anteriorly arcuately united ; meso-
notum minute, triangular; tegmina towards middle distinctly
ampliated, posteriorly subparallel, subhyaline, anteriorly coriaceous,
shining, with the veins elevated, the suture canaliculate, longi-
tudinally tricarinate.” (Motschoulsky.)
Length ‘“ 22 lin.”
Hab. Ceylon; Patannas Mount (fide Motsch.).
I have not seen this species but have reproduced the original
description of Motschoulsky, and the figure as given by Melichar.
280 YULGORID&.
Genus STIBORUS.
Stiborus, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 50 (1903).
Type, S. viridis, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Very much resembling Ossa, but with the face prone than
long, whereas in Ossa the face is longer than broad; posterior
tibize with three spines.
As Dr. Melichar has not figured the type of this genus, and as
I have unfortunately been unable to see a specimen, I have
thought it best to give only his differential characters from the
alec genus Ossa,
1825, Stiborus viridis, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 50 (1903).
Green, face with three black spots, situate one on each anterior
angle, and one at the upper frontal border of the upper end of
the middle ridge; tegmina hyaline with green veins; abdomen
and legs green ; apices “of claws and spines brown.
Length, 3 & ©, 7 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (fide Melichar).
My only knowledge of this species is from the short description
given by Dr. Melichar.
Genus LEUSABA.
Leusaba, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 144 (1857); Stal, Hem.
Afr. iv. p. 188 (1866); Melich. Hom. Faun. Caen p. 28 (1903).
Type, L. marginalis, Walk., from Borneo.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head narrower than pronotum, vertex subquadrate with its
margins carinate and the disk moderately concave ; face ampliated
posteriorly, centrally and marginally ridged, its anterior margin
slightly rounded, its basal margin subtruncate ; clypeus centrally
ridged, its lateral margins simple ; pronotum slightly longer than
vertex, its anterior margin roundly produced, its posterior margin
angularly emarginate, with four longitudinal carine, the two
central contiguous, and one oblique on each lateral area; meso-
notum tricarinate, the lateral carine converging anteriorly ; legs
rather long and slender, especially the posterior ones, of which the
tibie have two long spines on their apical halves ; posterior tibie
with the basal joint moderately long ; tegmina apically broadened,
of the three basal longitudinal veins the lowermost is alone forked,
two slightly oblique series of transverse veins dividing six subapical
areas and a series of many apical areas, some of the longitudinal
veins to the latter bifurcating tow ards their apices ; wings short
and somewhat narrow.
Melichar, from the absence of transverse veins to the costal
membrane, regards this genus as belonging to the Dictyopharine ;
but this is not an exclusive character to the Tropiduchine, and it
appears evident, as Stil opined, that Leusaba belongs to the
latter subfamily.
STACOTA, 281
1826. Leusaba rufitarsis, Kirby (Stacota), J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv,
p- 134 (1891).
Leusaba marginalis, Melich. (nec Walk.) Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 29, t. i, f. 10, a, 6 (1903).
Body and legs somewhat dark virescent; a transverse fascia
to vertex of head, anterior and lateral margins and central ridge
to face, two central ridges to pronotum, ridges to mesonotum, and
sometimes the apices of the spines to posterior tibize sanguineous-
—S
———,
Fig. 1380.—Leusaba rufitarsis.
red; a black spot on anterior cox, and legs more or less
streaked with black; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation
piceous ; tegmina with the extreme base dull virescent with two
black spots.
Length excl. tegm. 9; exp. teem. 26 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy, Pundaluoya (Green).
Melichar (supra) has regarded this species as synonymous with
the Bornean L. marginalis, Walk., but the relative lengths of the
apical and subapical areas to the tegmina will readily divide the
two species.
Genus STACOTA.
Stacota, Stal, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 824 (1859); Melich. Annal.
k.-k, naturh. Hofmus. p. 825 (1898).
Type, S. breviceps, Walk.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head narrower than pronotum; vertex longer than broad, its
anterior and lateral margins and a central longitudinal line cari-
nate ; face longer than broad, obliquely narrowed before middle
towards clypeus, centrally and laterally carinate ; clypeus centrally
carinate, its lateral margins simple ; pronotum shorter than vertex,
anteriorly somewhat conically produced, posteriorly subangularly
emarginate, tricarinate, the lateral carine oblique; mesonotum
tricarinate, the lateral carine anteriorly converging; legs rather
long, posterior tibiz with two spines; tegmina ampliated towards
apex, costal membrane with somewhat widely separated transverse
282 FULGORID®.
veins, of the three basal longitudinal veins the lower only forked,
two series of transverse veins dividing eight subapical and many
apical areas, one of the longitudinal veins to the latter bifurcate
towards apex ; wings short and somewhat narrow.
In his description of the type of this genus, Walker states that
the vertex is ‘more than twice broader than long,” but this is
entirely incorrect.
Both Stal and Melichar have placed Stacota in the Ricanwne, a
course not followed here, by reason of the structure of the head.
1827. Stacota breviceps, Walk. (Dictyophora) List Hom. Suppl.
p. 68 (1858) ; Sta (Stacota), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 487 ;
Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 134 (1891); Melich. Annail.
k.-k. naturh. Hofmus. p. 326, t. xiv, f. 16, a,b (1898); d.
Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 86 (1903). e)
Stacota comptella, Stal, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 325 (1859) ; Kirby,
J, Linn. Soc., Zool, xxiv, p. 154 (1891).
Body and legs virescent in fresh specimens, ochraceous in older
and discoloured examples ; anterior and lateral margins and central
carination to vertex, central and lateral carine to face, central
carination to clypeus, and the mesonotal carine more or less red ;
Pig. 181.—Stacota breviceps.
abdomen above with a central macuiate fascia and extreme
segmental margins red; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation
ochraceous ; tegmina with the venation somewhat thickly covered
with minute setose darker spots, which in some specimens, as the
one here figured, are scarcely visible.
Length excl. tegm. 6; exp. tegm. 18 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya, Kandy, Pundaluoya, Henaratgoda
(Gree).
Genus EPORA.
Epora, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 145 (1857); Stal, Hem.
Afr. iv, p. 188 (1866); Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 48
(1903).
Type, L. subtilis, Walk.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head narrower than pronotum; vertex considerably shorter than
broad, its lateral and anterior margins ridged; face longer than
BARUNA. 283
broad, laterally and centrally ridged, its lateral areas slightly
obliquely narrowed immediately before clypeus, which is strongly
centrally ridged; pronotum very narrow, its lateral areas strongly
oblique, deeply angularly emarginate posteriorly, all its margins
carinate and with two contiguous central carinations ; mesonotum
tricarinate ; legs moderately Jong and slender, posterior tibize with
three spines; tegmina a little ampliated apically, the costal
membrane with numerous obliquely transverse veins, two series of
transverse veins considerably beyond middle, dividing numerous
subapical and apical areas; wings short and somewhat narrow.
1828. Epora subtilis, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 146, t. vii, f. 3
(1857).
Body and legs virescent; tarsal claws piceous ; tegmina very
pale virescent subhyaline; wings hyaline; eyes pale castaneous-
brown ; in some specimens the legs are distinctly paler than the
body.
Length excl. tegm. 54; exp. tegm. 17 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Bogawantalawa (Green).
Melichar (Hom. Faun. Cey-
lon, t. i, f. 11) has figured a
species as Hpora subtilis, which
if compared with Walker’s
figure will at once prove that
two species have been con-
fused with scarcely any cha-
racters in common; in fact
Fig. 132. —Epora subtilis, it is doubtful if they are
congeneric. In Melichar’s
figure the transverse veins to the costal membrane of the tegmina
are straight, there is no regular division of the subapical and
apical areas, the shape of the pronotum is totally different, and so
apparently is that of the head.
Genus BARUNA, nov.
Type, B. albosignata, Dist.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head narrower than pronotum; vertex a little broader than
long, its margins carinate, its disk concave, with a slight central,
longitudinal ridge ; face long, its lateral areas moderately oblique,
centrally and laterally strongly carinate; clypeus centrally carinate,
its lateral margins simple ; pronotum scarcely longer than vertex,
tricarinate, its posterior margin concavely angularly emarginate ;
mesonotum tricarinate ; legs moderately long and slender, posterior
tibie with about three spines; tegmina long and. narrow, their
apices somewhat conically rounded, costal membrane without
transverse veins, of the three basal longitudinal veins the upper
and lower forked, two series of transyerse veins, the first nearly
284. FULGORID &.
straight, the outermost convex, dividing the apical and ulnar
areas, the former distributed around the apical marginal area;
wings short and narrow.
1829. Baruna albosignata, sp. n.
Body above and face pale greyish-flavescent ; central carination
to vertex, carinations to face, central carination to clypeus, central
carination to pronotum and a longitudinal fascia on each lateral
area to same, central carination to mesonotum and a spot or fascia on
each lateral area to same, a central macular fascia and a broad
Fig. 133.--Baruna albosignata.
lateral fascia on each side of abdomen purplish-red ; body beneath
more or less suffused with piceous ; legs piceous, apices of femora
and bases of tarsi pale flavescent ; tegmina fuscous, the apical area
piceous, costal membrane slightly paler, and a large pale greyish
spot beneath apex of radial area, claval area greyish; wings
hyaline, the venation pale fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 43; exp. tegm. 143 millim.
Hub. Ceylon; Tangalla (Green).
Genus PARUZELIA.
Paruzelia, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 51 (1903).
Type, P. psyllomorpha, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum; vertex pro-
jecting beyond the eyes, flat, straight, on its anterior area medially
finely ridged; face strongly curved downward, twice as long as
broad, narrowed above, widened towards clypeus, with a fine central
ridge extending to middle, lateral margins carinate ; clypeus broad,
shortly triangular, not ridged; rostrum short, extending to middle
cox ; antennze inserted just beneath eyes, very short, second joint
shortly oval; ocelli present, very small but distinct near lower
margins of eyes ; pronotum with posterior margin obtusely deeply
angularly emarginate; mesonotum almost broader than long,
slightly flattened on disk and tricarinate, the lateral carinations
beyond middle concavely bent inwardly and united with apex of
central ridge ; tegmina peculiarly resembling the form in Psyllida,
shortly oval, hyaline, apical margin concave between the apical
veins, so that it appears strangely angular; clavus short and broad ;
PARUZELIA. 285
of the three basal longitudinal veins the third is forked, and they
are connected by several transvere veins which constitute irregu-
larly formed cellular areas; wings hyaline, broad, short; legs
simple, posterior tibize with two spines.
T include this genus in the V’ropiduchine on Melichar’s authority,
and have given what I hope are the salient points in his description.
1830. Paruzelia psyllomorpha, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 51,
5 ah 2 Leora
“ Body yellowish-brown, vertex yellowish-white in middle with a
fine longitudinal line which forms a short fork; face with the
sides yellowish, the marginal
ridges more or less dark yellow,
and with an oblique reddish-
brown transverse streak, upper
half dirty yellow set with fine
diverging yellow hairs; clypeus
resembling face; eyes brown ;
antenne yellowish; pronotum
with several indistinct rusty-
yellow spots, which give a mar-
bled appearance to its surface ;
mesonotum brown, the longi-
fae tudinal ridges paler, a large
ge brown spot on side borders
Paruzelia psyllomorpha. as HS MOO
paler marginal spot before apex ;
tegmina hyaline, the veins brown and decorated with brown spots,
which coalesce but are here and there separated by red veins ;
wings hyaline, with a broad transverse band at middle; thorax
and abdomen piceous ; legs pale yellowish ; posterior tibiz with a
dark annulation before middle.
“Length, ¢, 53; expanse 8 millim.” (Melichar.)
Hab. Ceylon; Henaratgoda (fide Melichar).
I have reproduced Melichar’s description and figures.
The following species must be included in the Tropiduchine, but
its generic position cannot be stated with any certitude, as I am
unable to see any of Dr. Melichar’s cotypes.
1831. Gen.? melichari, sp. n.
Epora subtilitis, Melich. (nee Walk.) Hom. Faun, Ceylon, p. 48,
t.i, f. 11, a-e (1903).
I have already pointed out (ante, p. 283) the confusion which
attaches to this species, but I refrain from reproducing the figure,
as its generic position can only with accuracy be determined by the
examination of a specimen. As Dr. Melichar has given both
Ceylon and Bombay as its habitats, it is more than probable that
an example at least wili be procured from India or Ceylon in time
for insertion in an appendix to these volumes.
286 FULGORID&.
Subfamily VI. ACHILIN AL.
Achilida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 180 & 181 (1866).
Achilina, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 478; Atkins. J. A. S.
Beng. lv, p. 36 (1886).
Achilide, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 11 (1903).
Head narrower than the pronotum; lateral margins of the
clypeus carinate; apical joint of rostrum elongate; pronotum
angularly emarginate at base ; tegmina ampliated behind the clavus,
which is very rarely granulate, acute at apex, which is distinctly
closed, claval vein continued to the apex or united with the claval
suture near apex ; posterior tarsi with the basal joint elongate.
This subfamily is closely allied to the Tropiduchine, from which
it can always be distinguished by the carinate lateral margins of
the clypeus.
Synopsis of Genera.
yno)
A. Face prominently produced before eyes.
a. Clypeus small, less than half the length of face. FavEntiA, p. 286.
b. Clypeus about as long as face .............. VEKUNTA, p. 287.
B. Face not, or very slightly, projecting before eyes.
a. Clypeus about, or nearly, as long as face.
a’. Face anteriorly emarginate.............. Kinnara, p. 289.
b', Face anteriorly convex or truncate, not
emarginate,
a’, Face only about half as broad as long,
anteriorly truncate (5.5. os ene vee MaGADHA, p. 290.
6°. Face nearly three-fourths as broad as long,
anteriorly TOUBDEG 67. .:breje steiner eles we TANGINA, p. 291.
b. Clypeus only about half as long as face; pos-
terior tibize with two short spines ; tegminal
Stigma undeveloped -omiysteem ate er cee er Kosatya, p. 292.
c. Clypeus more than half as long as face; pos-
terior tibize with a single small spine; teg-
minal stigma very strongly developed ...... Usana, p. 293.
Genus FAVENTIA.
Faventia, Stal, Hem. Afr iv, p. 181 (1866); id. Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh.
1870, p. 748.
Type, F. pustulata, Walk.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head narrower than the pronotum; vertex short, subquadrangu-
lar, centrally ridged and laterally carinate, the spaces between the
carinations foveate ; face long, prominently produced in front of
eyes, a little ampliate posteriorly, centrally strongly ridged, the
lateral margins cariate ; clypeus small, less than half the length
of face, with its lateral margins distinctly carinate and centrally
VEKUNTA. 287
finely ridged; pronotum narrow, its base strongly, deeply emar-
ginate, tricarinate, the lateral carinz curved inwardly and meeting
anteriorly ; mesonotum finely tricarinate; legs moderately long
and slender, posterior tibie with a single spine; tegmina mode-
rately ampliate at apical areas and inwardly ampliate behind the
clavus, radial vein and the lower longitudinal vein furcate, two
series of transverse veins, the first about three in number, situate
beyond middle and connecting the longitudinal veins, the second
series more numerous and convexly continuous before apical
margin ; wings broader than tegmina.
1832. Faventia pustulata, Walk. (Cixius) J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 87
(1856) ; St@7 (Faventia), Berl. ent. Zeitschr. x, p. 392 (1866).
Body and legs umber-brown ; foveations to vertex and two small
spots at base of mesonotum black ; tegmina dull greyish, the apical
areas darker, the venation very pale ochraceous, excluding apical
Fig. 185.—Faventia pustulata.
marginal areas sprinkled with small fuscous spots, with a few larger
piceous spots, of which the most prominent are one at apex of
claval area, one on disk before middle, and another at base;
wings fuliginous, the venation fuscous, and with a small distinet
discal greyish spot ; there is also a prominent black spot on each
side of the prosternum ; the central and lateral ridges of the face
are piceous-brown and its anterior margin truncate.
Length excl. tegm. 8; exp. tegm. 22 millim.
Hab, Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).—Singapore (Brit. Mus.).
Genus VEKUNTA, n. nom.
Temesa, Melich, Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 40 (1903), nom. preoce.
(Moll).
Type, V. tenella, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head with eyes narrower than pronotum; face quadrangular,
flattened at the sides, scarcely keeled, straightly projecting a little
in front of eyes, the anterior margin divided from the vertex by
288 FULGORIDA,
a sharp transverse ridge and narrower than at base; vertex some-
what long, narrowed anteriorly and concavely excavate between
the prominent outer margins ; clypeus triangular, ridged medially
and laterally, the central ridge slight ; eyes semicircular ; antenne
very short, second joint thickened and shortly oval; ocelli absent ;
pronotum very narrow, posteriorly very strongly emarginate ;
iesonotum as long as broad, scarcely keeled; tegmina narrow,
base of costal margin curved inward, two longitudinal veins in
corium, outer one forked near base and the seeond before middle,
outer branch united with first longitudinal vein by a transverse
vein, several transverse veins in apical area, outer forked branch
in clavus granulated at base; wings as long as teemina; posterior
tibie unarmed,
1833. Vekunta tenella, Melich. (Temesa) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 41,
t. 11, f. 11, a, 6, e (1908).
“Head, pronotum, and antennee
pale yellow ; mesonotum orange-
yellow; eyes black; face rather
darker; vertex thickly covered
with yellow warts ; tegmina hya-
line, dirty brownish-yellow, apical
area smoky-brown, costal margin
rather paler and set with ex-
tremely fine granules; wings
slightly fuliginous with dark veins ;
abdomen and legs orange- yellow,
the latter paler.” (Melichar.)
Length, ¢, 53 millim.
Hab, Ceylon ; Peradeniya (fide
Melichar).
Fig. 1386.—Vekunta tenella. I only know this genus and
species by Melichar’s figures and
descriptions; I have reproduced the first and endeavoured to
give the salient points of the latter.
1834. Vekunta punctula, Melich. (Temesa) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 41
(1903).
“Similar to 7’. tenella, and only distinguished by the neck of
the vertex having a deep triangle in w hich the flattened warts are
absent ; on each side of the outer areas of the prosternum is a
large black spot, which is wanting in 7’. tenella; other characters
as in that species.” (Melichar.)
Length 53 millim.
Hab. Ceylon, Negombo ( fide Melichar).
I have no pers sonal knowledge of this species.
KINNARA. 289
Genus KINNARA, n. nom.
Pleroma, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 41 (1905), nom. preocc.
(Spong. et Ins.).
Type, K. ceylonica, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head short, much narrower than pronotum, the anterior
margins of face slightly projecting beyond eyes and giving the
appearance of lateral angulations to vertex, which is concave with
its margins carinate; eyes with their posterior margins concavely
emarginate; face narrowest between eyes, anteriorly emarginate,
ampliated towards middle, and then a little narrowed to clypeus,
centrally practically non-carinate ; clypeus nearly as long as face,
centrally and laterally carinate; pronotum narrow ; mesonotum
moderately convex and very obsoletely tricarinate ; legs of moderate
length, posterior tibia not spined; tegmina somewhat narrow,
their apical margins rounded, a small distinct indentation on costal
margin beyond middle, beneath which there is an apparently sac-
like area, lower longitudinal vein furcate, a series of transverse
veins before apical area, and two transverse discal veins just beyond
middle, apical areas numerous, about ten in number; wings a
little wider than tegmina.
1835. Kinnara ceylonica, Melich. (Pleroma) Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 42, t. i, f. 12, a, , ¢ (1903).
Head, thorax above, body beneath, and legs flavescent ; meso-
notum more rufous in hue;
eyes and apex of abdomen
black ; tegmina pale flaves-
cent, more or less greyish
on apical half, a small cre-
taceous spot at the costal
indentation; wings very
pale fuliginous, with the
venation fuscous ; In some
specimens there are short,
ray-like, very obscure pale
fuscous spots in the apical
x areas to the tegmina, but
Fig. 137.—Kinnara ceylonica. these are not of a constant
character.
Length excl. tegm. 3 to 33; exp. tegm. 10 to 104 millim.
Hab, Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green). :
I have reproduced Melichar’s figure in order that the structural
characters of his genus may be more readily understood.
oy, PO
an
ss
aS
1836. Kinnara fumata, Melich. (Pleroma) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 42
(1903).
“ Above and beneath smoky-brown ; head small; vertex very
short, margins leaf-like, raised, and passing off into the raised
VOL. III. U
290 FULGORID®.
margins of the face; ocelli at the clypeal suture, large, glassy,
distinct ; face not ridged ; ; clypeus with a very prominent central
ridge; eyes black; antennee small, placed close to lower margins of
eyes; ocelli close to anterior margins of eyes ; pronotum extremely
narrow, ribbon-shaped ; mesonotum large, convex, flattened off at
tip, with three strong parallel longitudinal ridges ; tezmina some-
what long, rounded off behind, fuliginous, with a slight bronzy
lustre, a small white spot on costa at the extremely slight
indentation ; venation piceous ; wings fuliginous; underside and
legs dull brown.
“ Length 5 millim.” (Melichar.)
Hab. Bombay District; Matheran Mt. (fide Melichar).
I have not seen this species.
1837. Kinnara albiplaga, sp. n.
Head, thorax above, body beneath, and legs flavescent, the meso-
notum somewhat rufous; abdomen more or less infuscate; tegmina
pale fuscous-brown, the venation darker, a large basal patch neither
reaching radial vein nor posterior margin and almost reaching
middle of tegmen, a small subtriangular spot at costal indentation,
and some small discal spots on apical area greyish-white; wings
milky-white, the venation a little darker; eyes black; antenne
rufous ; structure as in K. ceylonica.
Length excl. tegm. 3; exp. tegm. 10 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Maskeliya (Green).
Genus MAGADHA, nov.
Type, MW. flavisigna, Walk.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head narrower than the pronotum ; vertex truncate anteriorly,
concavely sinuate posteriorly, with the lateral margins strongly
ridged, the disk foveate, containing a central ridge which does not
reach more than halfway from base; face long, about twice as
long as broad, a little ampliated posteriorly, the lateral margins
acutely laminately ridged and upwardly reflexed, and with a strong
central longitudinal ridge; clypeus about as long as face, with the
lateral margins laminately ridged and with a strong central
longitudinal ridge; last joint of the rostrum elongate ; pronotum
somewhat conically produced anteriorly, angularly emarginate
posteriorly, tricarinate, the lateral carinze oblique; mesonotum
tricarinate ; legs of moderate length, first joint of posterior tarsi
elongate ; tegmina long, somewhat narrow, their apices rounded
and deflected at apical area, ampliated inwardly behind the clavus,
basal two-thirds of venation longitudinal, closed by a few trans-
verse veins, crossed, a little before apex, by a regular series of
transverse veins ; wings broader than tegmina.
TANGINA, 291
1838. Magadha flavisigna, Walk. (Cixius) List Hom. ii, p. 348
(1851).
Head and thorax above ochraceous; a large subquadrate discal
spot to mesonotum dark castaneous, this spot is more obscurely
extended on each side beyond the lateral carine ; abdomen above
4
Fig, 138.—Magadha flavisigna,
and beneath castaneous; sternum and legs ochraceous, face and
sternum suffused and legs annulated with brownish; tegmina dull
creamy, semi-opaque, much mottled and spotted with pale fuscous-
brown, the veins mostly minutely spotted with fuscous, those on
apical area stramineous and very distinct ; wings pale fuliginous.
Length excl. tegm. 53 ; exp. tegm. 18 millim.
Hab. ‘* North India” (Brit. Mus.).
My knowledge of this species is cunfined to the unique type.
1839. Magadha nebulosa, sp. n.
Body above and beneath piceous; legs brownish, apices ol
femora and extreme bases of tibiz ochraceous ; tegmina fuliginous,
opaque, with somewhat large fuscous spots on costal, apical, and
basal inner marginal areas, darkest to about two-thirds from base,
where the whole surface is minutely speckled with ochraceous,
the apical third a little paler, and the apical marginal veins pale
creamy-white and very distinct, the whole of the remaining vena-
tion thickly speckled with minute pale ochraceous spots ; wings
very pale fuliginous with the veins fuscous, and in some lights
exhibiting an opaline lustre ; face finely speckled with ochraceous ;
clypeus much suffused with ochraceous ; anterior femora with a
subapical ochraceous annulation.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 15 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Maskeliya (Green).
Genus TANGINA.
Tangina, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 44 (1903).
Type, 7’. bipunctata, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
‘“‘ Head (including eyes) only slightly narrower than pronotum,
vertex as long as broad, very slightly narrowed anteriorly, rounded
off at front margin, its sides ridged ; face one and a half times as
v2
292 FULGORID&.
long as broad at tip, almost quadrangular, very little narrowed
towards vertex, directed downward, horizontal, finely keeled at
sides and middle ; clypeus triangular, keeled at sides and middle ;
antenne placed beneath eyes, second joint almost globular;
pronotum half as long as face, tricarinate, lateral keels curved
outward, its disk flattened ; mesonotum about four times as
long as pronotum, tricarinate; tegmina long, parallel at sides,
posteriorly ampliate and rounded, three longitudinal veins in
corium, the innermost forked near middle, two transverse veins
near middle and several transverse veins in apical area, forming an
irregular line ; costal membrane broad; a forked vein in clavus ;
wings small, wider than tegmina; legs simple; posterior tibize
with a small spine before middle.” (Melichar.)
1840, Tangina bipunctata, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 44, t. ii,
f. 19, a, 6, ¢ (1903).
“ Pale yellowish ; in front of face between the ridges two black
longitudinal streaks, and at apex of vertex near border of face
two black quadrangular spots, which are separated by the yellow
middle ridge and are sometimes
absent ; eyes brown; face, clypeus,
and antenne pale yellow; on the
thorax are two broad longitudinal
brown fasciz, which run parallel
from the posterior margins of the
eyes across the pronotum and meso-
notum, but are sometimes only
slightly developed; tegmina hyaline,
TAN Wh somewhat yellowish, traversed by
UY 4 slender yellowish veins, a_ large
black spot in first apical area, the
transverse veins deliminating this
area black, and preceding it in the costal membrane are two oblique
brownish streaks ; wings hyaline ; sternum pale yellowish, a large
black spot at sides of prosternum ; abdomen pale yellowish, above
and at apex beneath often orange-yellow ; legs pale yellow, apices
of spines and claws brown.” (AMelichar.)
Length, ¢ & 2,5 millim.
Hab, Ceylon ; Peradeniya (fide Melichar).
Fig. 139.-—Tangina bipunctata.
Genus KOSALYA, nov.
Type, A. flavostrigata, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Head narrower than pronotum ; vertex narrow, deflected, some-
what continuous with face, its margins carinate, and with a distinct
central ridge ; face longer than broad, medially slightly ampliate
and then narrowed te clypeus, laterally and centrally ridged ;
clypeus about half as long as face, with a strong central ridge, and
USANA. 293
with its lateral margins distinctly acutely carinate; pronotum
short, very strongly angularly emarginate at base, centrally
tricarinate ; mesonotum very long, about twice as long as vertex
and pronotum together, tricarinate; legs moderately long and
slender, posterior tibize with two short spines, posterior tarsi with
the basal joint very long ; tegmina apically moderately widened,
distinctly ampliate behind the clavus, claval vein reaching apex,
middle basal longitudinal vein forked, two transverse veins near
central disk, and an incomplete subapical series of transverse
veins ; wings considerably wider than tegmina.
1841. Kosalya flavostrigata, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum pale sanguineous; central
ridges to vertex and pronotum, eyes, and six spots to mesonotum (of
which the largest is on anterior area, divided by the central ridge)
black ; abdomen above dull castaneous; body beneath and legs
Fig. 140.—Kosalya flavosirigata.
ochraceous ; face anteriorly moderately piceous ; apex of abdomen
beneath piceous, anal appendage black; tegmina fuscous, the
veins darker, costal membrane and claval area flavescent ; wings
pale fuscous, the veins darker.
Length excl. tegm. 6; exp. tegm. 18 millim,
Hab. Burma; Ruby Mines (Doherty).
Mr. Doherty sent me only a single specimen of this brightly
coloured species.
Genus USANA, nov.
Type, U. lineolalis, Dist.
Distribution. Tenasserim.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum; vertex strungly
tricarinate, a little narrowed anteriorly ; face half as long again
as clypeus, a little ampliate posteriorly, centrally and laterally
carinate ; clypeus subtriangular, its lateral margins finely carinate
and with an incomplete central ridge ; pronotum short, centrally
tricarinate, its posterior margin strongly subangularly emarginate ;
mesonotum very large, three times as long as pronotum, with
three strong discal straight carinations; legs moderately long,
posterior tibie with a small spine before middle, posterior tarsi
294 EULGORIDA.
with the basal joint elongate; tegmina moderately long and
narrow, ampliate behind clavus and at posterior margin of apical
area; stigma long with coarse raised transverse veins, a distinct
series of transverse veins a little before apical margin delimitating
the range of short apical areas, the longitudinal veins bifurcating ;
wings a little broader than tegmina.
1842. Usana lineolalis, sp. n.
Body above ferruginous- brown; the carine to vertex, pro-
notum, and mesonotum flavescent, those to mesonotum very slightly
margined with piceous; abdomen with the base and segmental
margins flavescent ; eyes and spaces between the carine of vertex
piceous; body beneath and legs very pale ochraceous ; tegmina
Fig. 141.-——Usana lineolalis.
pale fuliginous-grey, with darker mottlings, especially on apical
area; stigma black with six raised coarse transverse white veins,
upper half of apical margin fuscous ; wings fuliginous, the venation
fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 14 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
Mr. Doherty sent me a single specimen of this species.
The following genera and species have been described, but not
figured, by Dr. Melichar, and being unable to see a cotype of
either of them, I have quite failed to obtain a clear impression of
their position in the Achiline. I can, therefore, merely draw
attention to them, and trust that by the time an Appendix
appears in the next volume I may have been able, by the help of
my indefatigable friend Mr. E. E. Green, to have examined
specimens to whick these descriptions refer.
Gordia oculata, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 43 (1908).
Epirama conspergata, Melich. tom. cit. p. 45.
Paratangia notata, marginata, et fimbriolata, Melich. tom. cit.
pp 46 & 47.
On
DERBIN &. 29
Subfamily VII. DERBIN A.
Derbida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 180 & 192 (1866).
Derbina, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 750; Atkins. J. ALS.
Beng. lv, p. 41 (1886).
Derbidee, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 11 (1903).
Head (including eyes) generally narrower than the pronotum ;
clypeus with the lateral margins sometimes carinate ; apical joint
of rostrum either short or minute ; pronotum posteriorly angularly
emarginate ; clavus usually as in Achiline; posterior tibiz seldom
spinose ; basal joint of posterior tarsi elongate.
These extremely fragile insects are of a homogenous character
and the subfamily is easily recognizable; the usually narrow
vertex and face and the short apical joint of the rostrum are
characters which may be relied on, while the genera are well
marked and readily separated. Although in some genera con-
siderable aberrance in form from other subfamilies of the Fulgoride
is apparent, Stal evidently exhibited his usual insight in placing
the Derbine where he did, and I follow his arrangement.
Synopsis of Genera *.
A. Antenne of ordinary or moderate length, not
abnormally developed.
a. Wings not more, or sometimes less, than half
the length of tegmina,
a. Mesonotum tricarinate.
a’, Second joint of antenn only a little
longer than head.
a’, Face rounded, but not angularly,
laminately projecting.
a®, Clypeus longer than face........ PHENICE, p. 296.
6°. Clypeus shorter than face ...-.. PAMENDANGA, p. 298.
6*. Faceangularly, laminately projecting. JApbA, p. 299.
6’. Second joint of antennie about as long
as head and thorax together ........ ZORAIDA, p. 300.
6. Mesonotum smooth, non-carinate ...... Drona, p. 305.
b. Wings moderately ample, considerably more
than half the length of tegmina.
a. Head longly produced in front of eyes.
a’. Head not compressed and laminately
produced! beneathi ccs. sare niet INTERAMMA, p. 306.
6’. Head compressed and strongly lami-
nately produced beneath .......... VIVAHA, p. 307.
6. Head not, or only slightly, produced in
front of eyes.
a’, Costal membrane of tegmina distinctly
arched and dilated.
* Beyond the synoptical characters here given, the structural characters of
the face as delineated in the figures representing each genus may be studied
with advantage.
296 FULGORID®.
a, Tegmina with eight or nine apical
it pe Pee FEES Uriah bi cing KerRMESIA, p. 308.
6°. Tegmina with only about five apical
En ae MA Sri giarAiccn Ac cE ads Nisa, p. 509.
b'. Costal membrane of tegmina neither
distinctly arched nor prominately
dilated.
a, Tegmina with numerous short apical
areas continued round apex on
posterior margin of costal area.... KAMENDAKA, p. 310.
b>, Tegmina with apical areas moderately
long and not continued round apex
on posterior margin of costal area . Rmorana, p. 311.
B. Antenne abnormally developed.
a. Antenne with the second joint very long
Sd ANCPASSALC tre vletto cis nls Scie cunsteete cele VinaTA, p. 314.
b. Antenne with the first and second joints
zlobose, remaining joints prominently pro-
duced and longly pectinate ............ DEVADANDA, p. 315.
Genus PHENICEH.
Phenice, Westw. Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 10 (1845); Stal, Ofv. Vet.-
Ak. Forh, 1856, p. 163; zd. Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 193 & 195 (1866) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 41 (1886); Melich. Hom. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 54 (1905).
Assamia, Buckt. Ind. Mus. Notes, iv. p. 1 (1896).
Proutista, Ark. Entomologist, 1904, p. 279.
Type, P. fritillaris, Westw., a West-African species.
Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Regions.
Head much narrower than the pronotum, seen from the side
more or less rounded anteriorly, slightly compressed and narrowly
prominent in front of eyes, vertex and face very narrow ; clypeus
long, tricarinate ; eyes posteriorly sinuate beneath; ocelli none;
second joint of antenne varying in length and shape; apical joint
of rostrum very minute; pronotum short, posteriorly deeply
angularly emarginate ; mesonotum and pronotum finely tri-
carinate; tegmina elongate, gradually amplified from base to
middle, thence somewhat .convex, and again narrowed upward,
much longer than the wings; clavus short; radial vein forked,
ulnar vein emitting inwardly oblique longitudinal branches
towards the commissural margin, these branches united by a
transverse vein ; legs slender, posterior tibiz sometimes spinose.
Kirkaldy (supra) has proposed a new name (Proutista) for a
well-known synonym, Assamia, Buckt.
1843. Phenice moesta, Westw. (Derbe (Phenice)) A.M. N. H. (2) vii,
p- 209 (1851); Stz(Phenice), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 750 ;
Atkins. J, A. S. Beng. lv, p. 41 (1886); Melich. Hom. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 54, t. ii, f. 11 (1905).
Assamia dentata, Buckt. Ind. Mus. Notes, iv, p. 1, t. 1 (1896).
Body black; vertex of head and face, central carina to clypeus,
PHENICE. 297
eyes, antenne, central fascia to pronotum, carine to mesonotum,
posterior margin of metanotum, central maculate fascia to abdomen
above, anal appendage, rostrum, and legs stramineous ; tegmina
black, with paler greyish-white spots, consisting of a somewhat
continuous series on costal area, two prominent on apical margin,
and the largest in oblique discal series; wings fuliginous, the
venation fuscous.
Fig. 142.—Phenice moesta,
Length excl. tegm. 23 to 3; exp. tegm. 134 to 14 millim.
Hab. Assam; Dibrugarh (fide Buckton). Bombay (Coll. Dist.).
Ceylon (Yerbury) ; Puttalam, Minikoi (Green).
The Rey. C. Dowding, of Dibrugarh, Assam, found this insect
in considerable numbers on the underside of the leaves of a kind
of palm-tree. Mr. Green has also recorded it as frequenting the
leaves of a sycamore in Ceylon.
1844. Phenice superba, sp. n.
Head, thorax above, sternum, and legs brownish-ochraceous,
the latter two a little paler; abdomen sanguineous; tegmina
fuliginous, the venation sanguineous, the costal, apical, and inner
margins ornamented with larger irregularly-shaped greyish-white
spots, basal area a little paler ; wings pale fuliginous, the venation
fuscous ; body somewhat convexly gibbous ; mesonotal carine
distinct ; clypeus strongly tricarinate ; rostrum robust, its apical
joint minute and piceous; antenne with the second joint long,
roundly inerassate, pale ochraceous, granulate on basal area; legs
more or less deeply longitudinally grooved.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 26 millim.
Hab. Assam; Khasi Hills (Brit. MWus.).
1845. Phenice punctativentris, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv,
p. 144, t. v. f. G (1891); Mehch. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 55
(1903).
Vertex of head more or less pale virescent, eyes brown;
pronotum and mesonotum very pale dull ochraceous; abdomen
pale testaceous, with a double series of black spots on each side
of its upper surface ; body beneath and legs very pale dull ochra-
ceous ; tegmina semihyaline, a broad Jongitudinal subcostal fascia
298 FULGORID&.
posteriorly margined with well separated ray-like linear spots,
elongate marginal suffusions on posterior margin, some small
apical marginal spots, and a series of obliquely transverse discal
spots pale fuscous-brown ; wings pale fuliginous, semihyaline, the
venation fuscous; the narrow face is very strongly longitudinally
ridged between the eyes; central carination to clypeus robustly
prominent ; second joint of antenne robust, somewhat long and
cylindrical, stramineous ; tegmina with the inner margin straight,
and gradually ampliate to about middle, whence it is distinctly
convexly ampliate to lower apical angle ; costal membrane broad,
with what appear to be one or two transverse veins before middle.
Length exel. tegm. 3; exp. tegm. 13 to 14 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Pundaluoya (Green).
1846. Phenice furcato-vittata, S¢@/ (Derbe), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh.
1855, p. 191; dd. (Phenice) tom. cit. 1856, p. 163; Motsch.
(Derbe) Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1863, p. 113; Melich. Hom.
Faun. Ceylon, p. 55 (1903).
“ Fuscous, narrow face and the legs flavous; tegmina white,
hyaline, apex subglaucous, a fuscous bifurcate vitta at apex,
medially emitting a ramus ; wings fuscous ; abdomen fulvescent.”
(Stal.)
Length of body 4; exp. tegm. 18 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (fide Motschoulsky).—Java (Stal).
Neither Kirby, Melichar, nor myself have seen a Ceylonese
example of this species, and it is included in this enumeration
solely on the authority of Motschoulsky.
Genus PAMENDANGA, nov.
Type, P. rubilinea, Dist.
Distribution. Tenasserim.
Head (including eyes) very much narrower than pronotum; vertex
narrow, triangular, widened posteriorly, its apex a little prominent ;
face narrow, laminate, convex, centrally carinate ; clypeus shorter
than face, centrally strongly carinate ; antenne inserted beneath
eyes, second joint moderately long and incrassate ; pronotum very
narrow and very strongly angularly emarginate posteriorly,
centrally longitudinally and laterally transversely carinate ; meso-
notum large, tricarinate ; legs long and slender, posterior tarsi
with the basal joint moderately thickened; tegmina broadened
before middle, a little convexly narrowed to apex, which is truncate,
costal membrane with indistinct obliquely transverse veins, a
broken series of discal transverse veins in longitudinal sequence,
apex of costal margin and upper half of apical margin with
obliquely transverse veins ; wings moderately long and narrow.
Allied to Jada, from which it differs by the much less and
conically produced face, broader tegmina and wings, the latter
also shorter.
JADA. 299
1847. Pamendanga rubilinea, sp. n.
Body and legs pale ochraceous ; a curved fascia on underside of
eyes; disk of sternum and abdomen beneath more or less suffused
with dark castaneous; tegmina semihyaline, venation brownish,
in some places like the transverse veins fuscous, some irregular
fuscous suffusions, which are most prominent at base, lower
medial area, in radial and beyond radial area, centre of lower
Fig. 145.—Pamendanga rubilinea.
postcostal vein bright carmine-red; wings semihyaline, more or
less suffused with fuscous, palely on apical area, and deeply fasciate
on anal area. In some, perhaps fresher, specimens the pronotum
and posterior angle of mesonotum are virescent and the basal area
of the abdomen stramineous; on the costal margin of tegmina
beyond middle there are five minute carmine-red spots.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 163 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
Genus JADA, nov.
Type, J. ntagalensis, Kirby.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eves) considerably narrower than pronotum ;
vertex very narrow, produced and curved downward considerably
in front of eyes, its central area sulcate ; face laminately angularly
projecting ; clypeus large, tricarinate ; antennz inserted beneath
the eyes, second joint of moderate length, robust ; pronotum about
as long as eyes, posteriorly strongly subangularly emarginate,
obsoletely tricarinate ; mesonotum large, convex, strongly tri-
carinate ; legs moderately long and slender, posterior tibie with a
single spine, posterior tarsi with the basal joint very long ; tegmina
strongly subangularly smmuate before middle of costal margin at apex
of costal membrane, which is somewhat abruptly discontinuous,
the postcostal area much ampliated towards apex and containing
three transverse veins, the first short and slightly oblique, the outer
two longitudinally curved, the upper longitudinal vein with a trans-
verse vein above at a little beyond middle, and beneath emitting
long, curved, oblique veins to posterior margin, about two trans-
verse veins on disk, and about the same number beyond radial
area; wings nearly half as long as tegmina.
€
300 FULGORID®.
1848. Jada nitagalensis, Kirby (Derbe?), J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv,
p- 142, t. v. f 3 (1891).
Tawny-yellow; vertex of head, thoracic carinations, and face
nearly pure white ; apices of the tarsi black ; tegmina pale tawny-
brown, the veins yellow with whitish semihyaline spots or fascie,
one occupying nearly the whole area of costal membrane, three in
Pig. 144.—Jada nitagalensis.
postcostal area, one beneath costal membrane and another beneath
base of postcostal area, and about twelve others of various sizes
scattered from base to apex; wings semihyaline, the venation
broadly tawny-yellow.
Length excl. tegin. 4; exp. tegm. 18 millim.
Hab, Ceylon (Yerbury); Nitagala (Green).
Dr. Melichar (Hom. Faun. Ceylon, t. 11, f. 14) has figured a
species as Thracia nitagalensis, Kirby, which is neither congeneric
nor conspecific with Kirby’s species.
Genus ZORAIDA.
Thracia, Westw. Tr. L. S. xix, p. 10 (1842); Melich. Hom. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 55 (1903), nom. przeocc. (Moll.).
Zoraida, Kirk. Entomologist, 1900, p. 242, n. nom.
Type, Z. stnuosa, Westw., a West-African species.
Mstribution, Ethiopian and Oriental Regions.
Head much narrower than pronotum, vertex triangularly narrow
between the eyes; face linear, narrow ; clypeus long, tricarinate ;
eyes moderately sinuate beneath ; antennz with the second joint
very long ; apical joint of rostrum minute ; pronotum short, tricari-
nate, the lateral carinze obsolete ; mesonotum obscurely tricarinate ;
legs slender, posterior tibize with a distinct spine; teemina elon-
gate, their apices truncate, a little sinuate at posterior margins,
clavus short, the obliquely transverse veins divided by a longi-
tudinal discal series of eight transverse veins, thus demarcating
twelve or thirteen apical areas ; wings very short.
1849. Zoraida pterophoroides, Westw.(Derbe (Thracia)) A.M. NV. H.
(2) vil, p. 210 (1851); Melich. (Thracia) Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 56 (1903).
Head, thorax, and legs very pale ochraceous; anterior femora
somewhat testaceous ; abdomen whitish on basal, pale ochraceous
ZORAIDA, 301
on apical area, more or less infuscate on lateral areas ; tegmina
pale semihyaline, the costal area widening a little before apex,
basal suffusion, the discal transverse veins, and some small spots
Fig. 145.—Zoraida pterophoroides.
near apices of longitudinal veins at apical margin fuliginous-
brown, remaining venation a little paler brown ; wings subhyaline,
the venation very pale brown.
Length excl. tegm. 43 to 5; exp. tegm. 26 millim.
Hab. Kangra Valley (Dudgeon). Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).
Upper Burma; Katha (Bingham).
1850, Zoraida cumulata, Walk. (Thracia) J. Linn. Soc., Zool. x, p. 139
(1868); Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 56 (1903).
Body above dark tawny-brown, the thoracic carinations flaves-
cent; body beneath and legs ochraceous; eyes black; tegmina
pale fuscous, the costal and apical areas greyish, with numerous
small fuscous spots, and with a large subelongate fuscous spot at
apex of costal area, all the veins minutely spotted with fuscous,
the posterior margin alternately grey and dark fuscous, some of
the grey interspaces minutely spotted with fuscous, a linear vein-
like fascia commencing near base, obliquely extending to posterior
margin at about one-third from base, and then obliquely, out-
wardly, upwardly recurved to near middle of tegmen, piceous ;
wings absent in specimen described, but, according to Walker,
‘‘ brownish, less than half the length of the tezmina”; antenne
with the second joint incrassate, long, and prominent ; tegmina
long and narrow, widened from before middle to apex, which
is truncate, the anterior and posterior margins subparallel.
Length excl. tegm. 53; exp. tegm. 27 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy and Nawalapitya (Green).—Amboina,
Bouru.
1851. Zoraida ceylonica, Kirby (Thracia), J. Linn, Soc., Zool. xxiv,
p. 143 (1891) ; Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 56 (1903).
Vertex of head stramineous; pro- and mesonota pale dull
ochraceous ; sternum and legs ochraceous, lateral areas of pro-
sterna greyish-white ; abdomen testaceous, more or less piceous
302 FULGORIDF.
at base and apex; tegmina very pale fuliginous, semihyaline, the
venation pale fuscous ; costal membrane and postcostal area red,
pale ochraceous for a short distance at a little beyond base, apical
margin fuscous, with the apices of the veins ochraceous, the veins
of the upper apical area red, a fuscous spot at the bases of
the upper two apical areas, and another fuscous spot beneath
about middle of costal area; wings very small, fuliginous, sub-
hyaline, the venation and the apex fuscous; the narrow face
strongly ridged between eyes; central carination to clypeus
prominent ; second joint of antenne very long, moderately in-
crassate, pale ochraceous, testaceously granulate ; tegmina broadly
ampliate on posterior margin at about one-third from base, their
apical margins truncate.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 26 to 27 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Yerbury § Green).
As Mr. Kirby remarked, this species is allied to 4. ephemeralis,
Walk., from New Guinea; J have also another allied species from
Borneo.
1852. Zoraida lankana, Kirby (Thracia), J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv,
p- 148 (1891); Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 57 (1908).
Head and mesonotum brownish-ochraceous; pronotum stra-
mineous ; abdomen above and body beneath and legs brownish-
ochraceous ; abdomen above with lateral brown spots, anal
segment more or less bright red ; tegmina semihyaline, the vena-
tion fuscous-brown, costal vein red, costal area ochraceous and
from about end of basal third to apex containing a series of pro-
minent brown spots, apices of the veins at apical and posterior
margins minutely infuscate, and the same remark applies to the
bases of the veins beneath the costal membrane, the obliquely
transverse discal veins and those at apex of radial area also
moderately infuscate, and a fuscous spot at apex of claval area ;
wings very short and small, very pale fuliginous, the veins darker ;
second joint of antenne very long, ochraceous, slightly incrassate
at apex, where it is distinctly red, and the whole very finely and
minutely speckled with red; carinz to face and clypeus very dis-
tinct ; tegmina distinctly finely serrate on basal third of costal
margin.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 22 to 25 millim.
Hab, Ceylon; Nawalapitya (Green).
1853. Zoraida rufivena, sp. n.
Body above tawny-grey, beneath with legs very pale ochraceous ;
margins of vertex, carinations to mesonotum (of which the two
outermost are outwardly curved and do not reach anterior margin),
posterior margin of mesonotum, and a central longitudinal line to
abdomen above greyish ; upper surface of abdomen near middle
obscurely suffused with piceous; tegmina greyish subhyaline
ZORAIDA. 303
tinged with pale brownish between the veins, which are red and
somewhat closely spotted with pale fuscous, costal area with small
closely arranged fuscous spots extending beyond middle, after
which there is an elongate piceous spot, and an elongately oblique
subcostal piceous spot a little before apex, posterior margin from
about one-third from base greyish with pale fuscous spots, apical
margin with two transverse series of small fuscous spots, those of
the inner series minute and placed close together, the transverse
discal veins and an oblique discal line before middle piceous,
extreme edge of basal costal margin greyish-white; wings short,
pale fuliginous, the veins fuscous; second joint of antenne
moderately long, robust, dull ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 20 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Perandeniya (Green).
1854. Zoraida obsoleta, Kirby (Thracia?), J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv,
p- 144, t. v, f. 7 (1891) ; Melich, (Thracia) Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 57 (1903).
Body above dark fuscous-brown ; body beneath and legs ochra-
ceous ; tegmina and wings pale semihyaline, bases of both fuscous-
brown, tegmina with a prominent piceous spot near end of claval
area; eyes fuscous-brown ; thoracic carinations somewhat slight ;
tegmina broadened at about one-fourth from base and moderately
ampliated to apex, the posterior margin very slightly convex, the
apical margin truncate ; wings very short, not reaching anal angle
of tegmina.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 24 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Pundaluoya, Maskeliya (Green).
1855. Zoraida motschoulskyi, sp. n.
Vertex of head and thorax above very pale luteous, eyes
brownish-ochraceous ; abdomen above castaneous, its base and disk
stramineous, the anal appendage testaceous; body beneath and
legs stramineous ; tegmina and wings subhyaline, venation stra-
mineous ; tegmina with the costal area stramineous, and near apex
exhibiting a piceous bifurcating venal spot, to which is attached,
and of the same colour, the transverse vein at the base of the
adjoining apical area, a piceous spot near middle of anal margin;
second joint of antennz very long, its apex intuscate; mesonotum
obsoletely tricarinate ; vertex of head somewhat triangular ; teg-
mina ampliated at about one-third from base, their apices truncate ;
wings short, almost reaching apex of anal angle.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 24 millim.
flab, Ceylon, Maskeliya (Green).
1856. Zoraida gilva, sp. n.
Body above fulvous-brown, apex of abdomen ochraceous: body
beneath, antennee, and legs pale stramineous ; tegmina and wings
semihyaline, the venation very pale ochraceous, tegmina with a
304 FULGORID®.
small black spot near apex of claval area; antenne with the
second joint very long, pale ochraceous, stramineous at base ; eyes
fulvous-brown ; thorax above somewhat pale, the anterior lateral
margins testaceous, the disk fulvous; tegmina broadened at about
one-fourth from base and ampliate towards apex, which is sub-
truncate ; wings short, about reaching anal angle of tegmina.
Length excl. tegm. 34; eas tegim. 24 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Bogawantalawa (Green).
1857. Zoraida egregia, Melich. (Thracia) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 58,
t. ii, f. 18, a (1903).
*« Body rusty-yellow; head and eyes distinctly narrower than
pronotum; vertex and face whitish-yellow ; clypeus broader than
tace, longly triangular, convex, tricarinate ; eyes black; pronotum
in middle very narrowly and on the sides more broadly pale
yellow; mesonotum convex, a little longer than broad, rusty-
yellow, above and covering the three longitudinal ridges are three
longitudinal white fascie, sometimes the lateral margins are also
whitish ; tegmina very long, narrow, rounded at apices, hyaline,
of a yellowish colour, veins thickened and rusty-yellow, the outer-
most longitudinal vein forked before middle, the branches parallel,
enclosing a long narrow cell, the outer branch sending several
oblique white transverse veins to costal vein, which is also w hite,
the inner fork running bifurcately into the apical tip, and emitting
before this two branches to costal margin, the second longitudinal
vein runs parallel with the first to apical margin, with the inner
fork of which it is connected about the middle of tegmen by a
strong, short, brown-bordered transverse vein, from this longi-
tudinal vein several branches run obliquely across the corium to
the margins of the wings and are connected with brown-bordered
cross-veins ; a forked vein in clavus; wings small; abdomen
rusty-brown, margins of dorsal segments rusty-yellow, two distinct
black spots on the fourth dorsal segment near posterior margin ;
thorax and legs pale yellow ; posterior tibize with one small spine.
{Melichar.)
Length 9; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Henaratgoda (fide Melichar).
I have no personal knowledge of this species.
1858. Zoraida ficta, sp. n.
Thracia nitagalensis, Melich. (nec Kirby) Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 59, t. ii, f. 14 (1903).
The species described and figured by Dr. Melichar as 7. nitagal-
ensis, Kirby, is apparently a true Zoraida, and represents a species
allied to Z. cwmulata, Walk., from which it appears to be princi-
pally distinguished by a series of dark spots for more than half
the length of the costal area, and by two large transverse dark
spots on the apical area.
Length, 9,14; exp. tegm. 23 millim. (fide Melichar).
Hab. Ceylon.
DRONA. 305
The species is said to be founded on a single example contained
in the Colombo Museum, and I defer describing it till a specimen
has reached my hands.
Genus DRONA, nov.
Type, D. carnosa, Westw.
Iistribution. Oriental Region.
Head much narrower than pronotum ; vertex elongate, narrow,
laterally strongly ridged between eyes and distinctly projecting
beyond them; face very narrow and laterally ridged; clypeus
large, tricarinate, the lateral carinse somewhat obscure ; rostrum
robust, the apical joint minute; pronotum narrow, posteriorly
strongly subangularly emarginate ; mesonotum large, moderately
convex, neither pronotum nor mesonotum carinated ; abdomen in
the male furnished apically with a pair of long, forceps-like, anal
appendages; legs of moderate length, more or less distinctly
longitudinally grooved, posterior tibize not spined; tegmina long,
ample, obliquely narrowed at inner margin from about middle to
base, apical margin truncate, costal membrane with an oblique
transverse vein near middle; upper ulnar area very long, ex-
tending from radial area to near apex, with a transverse vein near
middle and five short veins on and around its apical margin,
beneath it a longitudinal series of obliquely transverse veins, the
apical areas long ; wings very short and narrow.
1859. Drona carnosa, Westw. (Derbe (Phenice ?)) A. M. N. H. (2)
vu, p. 210 (1851) ; Atkins. (Phenice) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 42
(1886).
Head, thorax, and legs testaceous-red, tibie and tarsi more
or less infuseate; abdomen shining black; tegmina very pale
Fig. 146.—Drona carnosa.
fuliginous-hyaline, extreme base and costal membrane pale
ochraceous, the latter with its margins prominently piceous ;
venation piceous ; wings hyaline, the posterior margins fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 33 5 exp. tegm. 20 to 21 millim.
Hab. “ North India” (Brit. Mus.).
The type or a cotype of this species, labelled by the late
Prof. Westwood, is in the British Museum, and from it the
VOL, III. x
306 FULGORID®.
above figure has been made. The only variable character I have
observed is in the colour of the prominent anal appendages, which
are either totally black, or testaceous with their apices black.
1860. Drona pennata, sp. n.
Body and legs flavescent; face as seen between eyes san-
guineous ; abdomen beneath with three prominent basal black
spots (one central and one on each lateral margin) ; eyes piceous ;
tegmina semihyaline, the venation flavescent, basal third of
extreme costal margin and apical third of inner margin to costal
area fuscous, the apical half of costal area flavescent; wings
semihyaline, base orange-yellow with a posterior black spot, apical
two-thirds semihyaline, with the posterior margin and an oblique
discal fascia fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 3; exp. tegm. 14 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
Of this distinct and beautifully marked species I possess only
one specimen, and that in somewhat indifferent condition ; I can,
therefore, only describe the colour-characters.
Genus INTERAMMA.
Interamma, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. x, p. 118 (1867); Melhch.
Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 60 (1903).
Type, Z. ascendens, Walk., from the Island of Morty.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
“‘ Body slender; head cultriform or extremely compressed and
dilated vertically, as long as the thorax, with two edges above
and with one edge beneath; eyes prominent ; antennee cylindrical,
more than half the length of the head, forked at the base, third
joint very short ; pronotum short, arched; mesonotum not keeled ;
legs short, slender ; tegmina and wings narrow ; ; tegmina with an
irregular submarginal line of transverse veins.” (Walker. )
I have only copied Walker’s short and imperfect generic
diagnosis, because I believe more than one genus is included in
the species he enumerated. The two specimens of the Ceylonese
species here included are mutilated in the cephalic process, which
prevents exact generic identification, and I have therefore followed
Melichar in regarding the species as belonging to the genus
Interamma.
1861. Interamma rubrofasciata, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 61,
t. ii, f. 8 (1903).
Dark stramineous; head and pronotum much suffused with
sanguineous; mesonotum with the lateral margins and three
central longitudinal fascize sanguineous; tegmina with the base
of costal margin, the posterior margin, an irregularly oblique
VIVAHA. 307
transverse fascia before middle commencing beneath the costal
membrane, and the apical area (obliquely rounded to apex)
sanguineous ; in some specimens the apical area is subhyaline,
with its margins and venation
sanguineous, in others the inter-
cellular spaces are fuscous-brown:;
tegmina with three prominent
longitudinal veins, of which the
upper and lower are bifureate,
the apical area with numerous
transverse veins, forminganumber
of somewhat small cellular areas,
of which about the upper apical
four are longitudinal, followed
by six medial oblique areas, and
again by about five posterior,
marginal, shorter, and moderately
oblique areas, the costal margin is
distinctly concavely emarginate
before apex; wings creamy-white, the venation somewhat pro-
minent.
Length with tegm. 12 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy (Green).
Fig. 147.—Jnteramma rubrofasciata.
Genus VIVAHA, noy.
Type, V. facialis, Dist. |
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) much narrower than pronotum, the vertex
longly produced in front of eyes into a broadly laminate process,
very narrow and centrally suleate above, laterally very broad and
flattened, its apex rounded, its margins carinate, face small and
marginally carinate; rostrum mutilated in the two specimens
available for description; pronotum very short, basally deeply
angularly emarginate; mesonotum tricarinate ; legs moderately
long and slender ; tegmina considerably am pliated towards apex,
the costal margin a little convex, the apical margin truncate, a
little obliquely angulate anteriorly and posteriorly, the posterior
margin concavely sinuate before the commencement of the apical
area, the lower longitudinal vein furcate beyond its middle,
oblique veins on lower half of apical area separating five distinct,
long, oblique, cellular areas, foliowed by about four shorter ones,
there are also four apical marginal areas; wings shorter and a
little narrower than tegmina. aan
This genus is founded on the examination of two specimens,
both of which, as regards the condition of face and clypeus, leave
much to be desired. The extraordinary cephalic process is its
principal distinctive character.
308 FULGORID&.
1862. Vivaha facialis, sp. n.
Head ochraceous, its vertex and margins testaceous-red; thorax
testaceous-red ; abdomen and legs stramineous; tegmina flaves-
cent, a narrow linear basal fascia, a broader oblique fascia near
Fig. 148.—Vivaha facialis.
middle, posterior margin, and the apical venation more or less
purplish-red, the apical cellular areas somewhat vitreous ; wings
pale creamy-hyaline.
Length excl. tegm. 5 to 6; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hab. Andaman Isiands (Brit. Mus.). Tenasserim; Myitta
(Doherty).
Genus KERMESIA.
Kermesia, Melich. Hom, Faun. Ceylon, p. 52 (1903).
Type, A. albida, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum; vertex and
face continuous, their lateral margins strongly carinate and parallel
to clypeus which is strongly centrally ridged; rostrum with the
apical joint minute; pronotum narrow, with all its margins
strongly ridged and with a strong central carination ; mesonotum
somewhat obscurely tricarinate, the carinations confined to the
anterior area; legs of moderate length, posterior tibie with a
single spine; tegmina short and broad, apically ampliated, the
costal margin somewhat strongly sinuate, costal membrane broad
with a single transverse vein, two series of transverse veins, the
first before middle connecting the longitudinal veins, the second
deliminating eight or nine apical areas; wings a little narrower
than tegmina.
A genus to be easily recognized by the shape and venation of
the tegmina.
1863. Kermesia albida, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 58, t. i
f. 14, a, 6 (1908).
,
Body and legs pale tawny, abdomen more or less cretaceously
NISTA. 309
tomentose; tegmina and wings creamy-white; tegmina much
wrinkled, radial and claval veins thickened and prominent; apices
of tarsi infuscate.
Length excl. tegm. 3; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (Geen).
Genus NISIA.
Nisia, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 53 (1905).
Type, NV. atrovenosa, Leth.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Dr. Melichar diagnoses this genus as follows :—‘“ Similar [to
Kermesia by structure of head, but especially differs by the
narrower tegmina and by the direction of the strongly prominent
and thickened veins in the apical area, which number only five,
and of which the second and fourth are forked; in Kermesia
these veins are always eight or nine, partly simple and partly
forked terminal veins ; other characters as in Kermesia.”
Of the above characters, from the material before me, I cannot
describe the fourth apical vein of the tegmina as forked, at least
in the specimen I identify and figure as NW. atrovenosa, Leth.,
which Melichar gives as the type of his genus.
1864. Nisia atrovenosa, Leth. (Meenoplus) Ann. Mus. Genov. xxvi,
p. 466 (1888); Melich. (Nisia) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 53
(1903).
Body and legs very pale ochraceous ; vertex of head with the
carine piceous and very finely granulose, the space between them
Fig. 150.—Nisia atrovenosa.
profoundly concave; lateral carinate margins of face piceous ;
tegmina greyish with a slight ochraceous tint, the venation.
310 PFULGORID2,
piceous, the central transverse veins on apical area distinctly
cretaceous, the external suture to clavus arcuate and distinctly
granulose ; wings creamy-white, the venation darker ; tegmina
with the first and second ‘apical veins bifurcating, the other apical
veins simple.
Length excl. tegm. 2; exp. tegm. 82 millim.
Hab. Trincomalee ( fide Melichar). Ceylon, Peradeniya (Green).
—Nias Islands.
1865. Nisia albovenosa, sp. n.
Head and pronotum very pale ochraceous; mesonotum pale
castaneous-brown, the carinations and posterior margins flaves-
cent or very pale ochraceous ; abdomen pale castaneous-brown,
discally more or less suffused with cretaceous pile; face greyishly-
flavescent ; clypeus and legs very pale ochraceous ; sternum pale
brownish, "abdomen beneath piceous-brown ; tegmina with the
venation white, the cellular areas pale brown with whitish spots,
these spots being most prominent on apical margin and discal
area, the basal areas nearly totally white, the Serna claval
suture white and granulose, followed by two curved fuscous-
brown linear fascie, their interspace flavescent ; wings creamy-
white, the venation darker; apical area of tegmina with three
series of bifurcate veins, thus bringing up the number to six
instead of five *; costal membrane broad.
Length excl. tegm. 23; exp. tegm. 9 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Green).
Genus KAMENDAKA, nov.
Type, K. spectra, Dist.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) very much narrower than pronotum ;
vertex projecting beyond the eyes, somewhat flat, conically
rounded anteriorly, and at the apex the upper margins of the
face appear as two angulations, its base angularly emarginate ;
face as seen beneath the flattened vertex very narrow to beomeon
eyes and then broadened to clypeus, which is a little convex,
apical joint of rostrum minute ; pronotum very narrow, strongly
centrally angulate; mesonotum large, more than four times
longer than pronotum, very obsoletely carinate ; legs moderately
long, posterior tibiw not spined, basal joint of posterior tarsi
elongate; tegmina elongate, its margins parallel, the apex ob-
tusely an eulate, the apical margin oblique, the longitudinal veins
bifurcating posteriorly and delimitating, a number of irregularly
shaped subapical areas, a regular series of transverse veins before
apical margin defining numerous short apical areas, some trans-
verse veins beyond ‘middle of costal membrane ; wings ample,
only a little shorter and slightly broader than tegmina.
a Generic divisions in these Homoptera must not be based on too rigid
characters in venation.
RHOTANA. 311
1866. Kamendaka spectra, sp. n.
Body and legs very pale dull flavescent, above cretaceously
tomentose in fresh specimens, frequently with the tomentosity
rubbed, and then appearing as ochraceous; tegmina creamy-
white, opaque, with two very pale fuscous-brown transverse
Fig. 151.—Kamendaka spectra.
fascie, the first near middle, the other subapical, a more distinct
small fuscous spot at about centre of posterior margin, the
extreme apical margin slightly infuscate; wings creamy-white,
unspotted, the veins very slightly yellowish.
Length excl. tegm. 3; exp. tegm. 11 to 12 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Maskeliya (Green).
1867. Kamendaka fuscofasciata, sp. n.
Body and legs pale ochraceous ; vertex of head tomentosely
white with dark fuscous lateral fasciz united with eyes which are
of the same colour; mesonotum with broad fuscous lateral fascize,
its posterior angle greyish ; tegmina semi-opaque, cretaceous-white,
with a broad longitudinal slaty-brown fascia extending from base
to apex, and situate much nearer to the posterior than to the
anterior margin, apex with two small black spots; wings creamy-
white, a little iridescent.
Length excl. tegm. 23; exp. tegm. 10 millim.
Hab, Ceylon; Maskeliya (Green).
Genus RHOTANA.
Rhotana, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 160 (1857) ; Melich. Hom.
Faun. Ceylon, p. 61 (1905).
Genestia, Stal, Ofv. Vet-Ak. Forh. 1858, p. 450.
Type, 2. latipennis, Walk., from Borneo *.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) much narrower than pronotum ; vertex
* This species is wrongly numbered on Walker’s plate (J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i,
t. vili, 1857). In his description of the plate he refers the species to fig. 2,
whereas it is represeuted by fig. 1.
312 FULGORID2.
narrow, triangular, its margins strongly carinate and continuous
with the narrow frontal edge of the much laminately compressed
produced face, the carinate margins of which are widely divergent
posteriorly ; clypeus long, the margins strongly ridged ; rostrum
robust, somewhat short, the apical joint minute ; pronotuim narrow,
tricarinate, its lateral angles angularly produced, its posterior
margin strongly angularly emarginate; mesonotum somewhat
obscurely tricarinate:; legs of moderate length, basal joint of poste-
rior tarsi elongate ; tegmina amplhated to apex which is angularly
truncate, the costal membrane dilated and a little arched, upper
apical veins bifurcate near extremities, radial area very short and
broad with a transverse vein before its apex, middle longitudinal
vein centrally and obliquely transversely bifurcating ; wings mode-
rately long, but narrower than tegmina.
A. Wings spotted with black.
1868. Rhotana fuscofasciata, sp. n.
Body and legs very pale tawny-yellow, above more or less
cretaceously tomentose, apical area of abdomen beneath infuscate ;
eyes piceous-brown; tegmina subhyaline, tale-like, with iridescent
lustre, the venation flavescent, becoming pale fuscous towards
apex; three large irregularly shaped spots in costal membrane,
some varied suffusions on basal half, and a curved and waved
Fig. 152.—Rhotana fuscofasciata,
fascia extending from apex to posterior margin at about two-thirds
from base, very pale fuscous ; upper apical veins sanguineous ;
wings hyaline, with a large and small black spot placed close
together near middle of posterior margin; a very slight and sub-
obsolete pale fuscous suffusion on disk.
Length excl. tegm. 33; exp. tegm, 14 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Maskeliya (Green).
1869. Rhotana trimaculata, sp. n.
Body and legs pale ochraceous, mesonotum (excluding the carina-
tions) infuseate ; tegmina subhyaline, tale-like ; costal membrane,
basal area continued along posterior margin and connected with
RHOTANA. ole
costa at end of radial area and with apex by means of a transverse
subapical fascia, flavescent, apical margin slaty-grey ; wings pale
greyish-brown, three transverse greyish-white spots on anal area
and three prominent black spots at apex of anal area posteriorly
flavescently margined.
Length excl. tegm. 34; exp. tegin. 14 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Calboda (Green).
A single specimen of this distinct species has been sent me
by my very helpful friend Mr. E. E. Green, to whom the
elucidation of this entomological fauna is so much indebted.
Minute structural characters, such as appertain to species, in
these delicate and fragile insects are scarcely to be described
without the examination of a series of specimens.
B. Wings unspotted.
1870. Rhotana vitriceps, S¢# (Genestia), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1858,
p- 450 ; Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 62, t. iii, f. 9,a@ (1903).
“ White, mesonotum (excluding carine) and veins to tegmina
fuscous, areole to veins moderately infuscate; costa medially
whitely farinose.” (Sté/.)
Length, ¢,3; exp. tegm. 12 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (fide Stal).
I have not seen this species, and have given Stal’s description.
Melichar’s figure hardly conforms to this diagnosis, and it seems
that either one or the other of these authors has been a little
inexact.
1871. Rhotana iridipennis, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 62 (1903).
“ Similar to Lt. vitriceps, Stal; body pale reddish; eyes brown ;
tegmina hyaline, glassy, strongly rainbow-like, iridescent, nervures
yellow to reddish-yellow, in places dark yellow, transverse nervures
faintly margined with brownish, the veins and margins are dull so
that they strongly project from the iridescent cells ; apical margin
extremely finely margined with red; abdomen and legs reddish-
yellow.” (Melichar.)
Length, “ 9,5 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon (Mietner, Berlin Mus.).
I only know this species from the above description.
1872. Rhotana albata, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 62 (1903).
“‘ Body white; mesonotum slightly yellowish; tegmina milky-
white with yellowish-white veins, transverse veins broad, faintly
margined with brownish, but the margins separated from the
yellowish transverse veins by a pale zone on both sides, apical
marginal vein blood-red ; abdomen and legs yellowish-white.”
314 FULGORIDA.
“Larger than 2. vitriceps, Stil, and to be recognized by the
milky-white tegmina.” (Welichar.)
Length, “ ¢, 7 to 73 millim.
Hab, Ceylon ; Pattipola (Budapest Mus.).
I have not seen this species.
1873. Rhotana venosa, sp. n.
Body and legs very pale tawny-yellow, the tibie slightly infus-
cate; coxze with small fuscous spots; mesonotum moderately
rufous; eyes piceous; tegmina obscure hyalie with a slight
tawny tint, the veins tawny-yellow, but becoming bright red on
the apical area and beneath the apical half of the costal membrane ;
wings obscure hyaline with the veins yellowish-brown ; both wings
and tegmina exhibit’ much iridescent lustre.
Length excl. tegm. 33; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim : Myitta (Doherty).
The late Mr. Doherty sent me two specimens of this well-
marked species.
Genus VINATA, n. nom.
Erana, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 151 (1857); Stal, Ofv. Vet.-
Ak, Férh. 1858, p. 449; Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 60
(1903) (nom, preeoce. Aves).
Type, V. operosa, Walk., from Borneo.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head a little produced in front of eyes ; vertex nearly as broad
as long, subparallel, its posterior margin angularly sinuated,
medially carinate, its lateral margins raised and carinate ; face
strongly reclinated, distinctly ampliated posteriorly, medially
carinate, the carina obsolete towards apex, the lateral margins
elevated; clypeus triangular, its margins subreflexed; eyes
moderate in size, beneath subsinuate; ocelli two; antenne long,
first and second joints incrassated, subdepressed, cylindrical, basal
joint short, second longest ; pronotum nearly twice broader than
head, tricarinate, the carine continued in the mesonotum, which is
nearly twice as long as the pronotum; tegmina moderately elongate,
their apices rounded, the longitudinal veins elevated, apically
fureate, and with two series of transverse veins on apical area ;
wings nearly as long as tegmina; legs of moderate length,
1874. Vinata nigricornis, S¢@ (Erana), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1858,
p. 449; Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 60 (1905).
Piceous-brown ; body beneath, legs, carine to head, pro- and
mesonota, and a raised undulating transverse line on each anterior
lateral area of mesonotum testaceously flavescent ; anterior disk
of face fusco-testaceous ; tegmina sordidly testaceously flavescent,
DEVADANDA,. 315
the longitudinal veins minutely spotted with fuscous, numerous
oblique narrow fuscous fascie, the apical and subapical cellular
Fig. 158.—Venata nigricornis.
areas mostly fuscous, the costal membrane prominently, alter-
nately, obliquely flavescent and fuscous; wings fuscous; legs
and antenne piceous.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy (Green).
1875. Vinata nivosa, sp. n.
Body castaneous-brown, legs very much paler; margins and
carinations to vertex of head and pronotum ochraceous; antenne
piceous-brown ; tegmina umber-brown, with numerous short white
oblique strie, these are particularly distinct and somewhat wide
apart on costal membrane ; stigma orange-yellow, extreme apical
area more fuliginous in hue, the veins yellowish, and practically
without the white striz, but having on its anterior margin, just
beyond the stigma, about three ochraceous spots, beneath which is
a dark fuscous streak; wings (imperfectly seen) dark fuliginous
with their apices very pale fuliginous ; posterior tibie with two
spines, a very short one near base and a longer one near middle.
Length excl. tegm. 43; exp. tegm. 12 millim.
Hab. Assan (Brit. Mus.).
Genus DEVADANDA, nov.
Type, D. pectinata, Dist.
Distribution. Tenasserim.
Head (including eyes) much narrower than pronotum, longly and
broadly laminately produced in front of eyes; vertex very narrow
with its lateral margins strongly ridged, slightly broadened apically
and triangularly widened between the eyes, apically convexly con-
tinued to face, which is similar in structure to vertex; antennse
inserted some distance beneath the eyes, long and of aberrant
structure, first and second joints short and globose, remaining
joints prominently produced and bearing very long pectinations ;
316 FULGORID &.
pronotum short with a strong central carination and posteriorly
profoundly angularly emarginate ; mesonotum obsoletely tricari-
nate; lees moderately short and slender; tegmina somewhat
narrow, apically widened, the longitudinal veins bifurcate, a few
transverse veins a little beyond middle, and a curved transverse
series of transverse veins a little before apical margin, which
are discally globosely thickened and delimitate some large and
prominent apical veins.
1876. Devadanda pectinata, sp. n.
Head with the broadly laminate areas
brownish-grey, the vertex and _ face
orange-red ; pronotum and mesonotum
piceous, the marginal ridges of the first
and a broad central fascia to the latter
orange-yellow; legs orange-yellow, the
femora brownish ; antennz piceous-
brown ; tegmina piceous-brown, narrow
basal area and veins on apical area
purplish-red, oblique veins on posterior
half of costal area orange-red, the sub-
Fig. 154. apical cellular areas somewhat paler
Devadanda pectinata. fuliginous than the remainder of the
tegmen.
Length incl. tegm. 5 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim; Myitta (Doherty).
1877. Gen.? crenatonervosa, Motsch. (Derbe?) Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
xxxvi (3) p. 113, t. ii, f. 25 (1863); Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool.
xxiv, p. 142 (1891).
“‘ EFlongate, compressed, carinate, nigro-piceous; vertex of head,
central area of mesonotum, and legs palely brownish-testaceous ;
tegmina strongly fuliginous sublucid ; mesonotum with the
lateral carine somewhat silvery-white; tegmina with the veins
piceous and crenulately elevated ; head transverse, posteriorly pro-
foundly excavate, anteriorly abruptly, concavely truncate ; vertex
quadrangular, tricarinate ; eyes oblong, convex, beneath moderately
sinuate ; antennz with the first joint globose; thorax transverse,
quadrangulate, tricarivate, anterior margin somewhat narrowly
whitish.” (Motschoulsky.)
“* Length 23 lin.; lat. teem. 3 lin.”
Hab. Ceylon; Mts. of Nura-Ellia (fide Motschoulsky).
T can only call attention to this species by giving the salient
points of Motschoulsky’s description; I have failed to identify it
with any specimen that has passed through my hands ; the figure
given is only helpful, certainly not satisfactory.
LOPHOPIN &. HI L7/
Subfamily VIII. LOPHOPIN.
Lophopida, Sta, Hem. rahe iv, p. 150 (1866).
Lophopina, Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. ly, p. 42 (1886).
Lophopide, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p- 11 (1903).
Head narrower than pronotum; rostrum short, stout, with
the apical joint short; pronotum usually truncate at base, as
described by Stal, but sometimes concavely sinuate or angularly
emarginate, carinate or somewhat tubercular on disk ; basal joint
of posterior tarsi robust and moderately short.
I take the most distinguishing character of this subfamily to be
the robust or incrassate basal joint of the posterior tarsi, and it
apparently contains two sections, denoted by the more or less
dilated anterior tibie, and the reverse. Stal’s characters are
rather too restrictive.
Synopsis of Genera.
A, Anterior tibiz more or less prominently
dilated.
a. Vertex of head prominently produced
in front of eyes.
. Anterior tibiz foliaceously ampliate . ELAsmoscELis, p. 318.
i. Anterior tibiz prominently, but not
Poaceae ampliate.
. Tegmina about twice as long as
Droadh, tak sea eae yee oe, PITAMBARA, p. 319.
b'. Tegmina nearly three times longer
than broad.
*, Base of face appearing above and
in front of apex of vertex...... CoRETHRURA, p. 321.
. Base of face not appearing in
front of apex of vertex........ BisMA, p. 322.
b. Vertex of head not or only very slightly
produced in front of eyes........-.-: Lacusa, p. 323.
B. Anterior tibiz not or only very slightly
dilated.
a. Base of face appearing in front of apex of
VERO! bes syeyo- ci chee lscocdir ausveye aesrel slave elslayeiene SERIDA, p. 324,
b. Base of face not appearing in front of
pes of vertex.
ee of head longer than broad.
. Vertex of head very longly porrect,
forming a cephalic process about as
long as s the abdomen ......... . ZAMILA, p. 326
b'. Vertex of head not porrect, only a
little longer than pronotum.
a, Face with its lateral margins lami-
nately convexly produced -»-e». BRIXIOIDES, p. 327.
6?, Face with its lateral margins cari-
nate, but not laminately ‘convexly
produced euislelscase s/s stene gece . JIVATMA, p. 328.
. Vertex of head about as broad or broader
than long.
318 FULGORID.
a’. Tegmina normal, smooth, not sub-
coriaceous.
. Pronotum posteriorly obtusely
emaroinate. ssn. o-eeeae KusvuMa, p. 329.
b2, Pronotum posteriorly strongly an-
gularly emarginate ...........: VARMA, p. 380.
b'. Tegmina subcoriaceous. .........-- PADANDA, p. ddl.
Genus ELASMOSCELIS.
Elasmoscelis, Spin. Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. viii, p. 888 (1889) ; Stal,
Hem. Afr. iv, p. 200 (1866); Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 64
(1903).
Type, Z. cimicoides, Spin., an Ethiopian species.
Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Regions.
Head (including eyes) much narrower than pronotum ; vertex
moderately produced in front of eyes, narrow, its lateral margins
laminately elevated, centrally divergent or excavate at apex ; face
much longer than broad: ampliated | posteriorly, its lateral margins
(except on posterior area) laminately dilated and with two cari-
nations on each of their under surfaces ; clypeus tricarinate; eyes
beneath moderately sinuate ; antenne short and situate just
beneath eyes ; legs of moderate length, the anterior tibie strongly
foliaceously dilated, the posterior tibize with three spines, the
posterior tarsi with the basal joint incrassate ; pronotum short,
medially tuberculously carinate ; mesonotum obsoletely tricarinate ;
tegmina moderately broad, their anterior and posterior margins
subparallel, basal longitudinal veins strongly bifurcating posteriorly,
the apical area containing many longitudinal veins, costal
membrane broad, indistinctly transversely veined.
1878. Elasmoscelis platypoda, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv,
p. 148, t. vi, f. 38 (1891); Welich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 64,
t. li, f. 3a, 6 (1903).
Head with the vertex very pale ochraceous with some oblique
Fie. 155.— Elasmoscelis platypoda.
5
transverse black lines; eyes brown; pronotum black with a trans-
verse testaceous fascia on each side; mesonotum black, its central
PITAMBARA. 319
posterior margin testaceous ; abdomen above piceous-brown, its
base, narrow segmental margins, and a broader apical fascia
ochraceous ; face with its anterior area ochraceous, its posterior
area black, the latter with some yellowish spots; clypeus black,
its central carination testaceous and with a yellow spot on each
side ; body beneath piceous, the meso- and metasterna ochraceous ;
anterior and intermediate legs piceous spotted with ochraceous,
posterior legs ochraceous spotted with piceous ; tegmina piceous-
brown, oblique transverse fascie to costal area, small spots on
posterior margin, an elongate and a smaller spot on apical margin,
and a discal spot before middle greyish-white ; wings fuliginous ;
anterior tibize strongly foliaceously dilated.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Green).
Genus PITAMBARA, noy.
Type, P. radians, Kirby.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum; vertex mode-
rately produced in front of eyes, moderately broad, its lateral
margins a little laminately elevated, its disk somewhat concave ;
face much longer than broad, strongly angularly ampliated pos-
teriorly, its lateral margins (except on posterior area) laminately
dilated, and with two carine on each of their under surfaces ;
clypeus tricarinate ; eyes beneath slightly sinuate ; legs of moderate
length, the anterior tibia moderately, not foliaceously dilated, the
posterior tibize somewhat dilated with a single spine, the posterior
tarsi with the basal joint incrassate; pronotum and mesonotum
as in Hlasmoscelis; tegmina somewhat short and broad, costal
membrane broad (excluding base), distinctly obliquely transversely
veined.
Distinguished from Elasmoscelis by the broader vertex to head,
the more angularly posteriorly ampliated face, the much broader
tegmina, and the moderately but not foliaceously dilated anterior
tibie.
1879. Pitambara radians, Kirby (Elasmoscelis?), J. Linn. Soc., Zool.
xxiv, p. 149, t. vi, f. 2 (1891); Melch. (Elasmoscelis) Hom.
Faun. Ceylon, p. 65, t. ii, f. 2, @ (1903).
Head with the vertex, face, and clypeus ochraceous, eyes brown;
pronotum and mesonotum piceous; abdomen piceous, its basal
area more or less ochraceous ; legs pale ochraceous spotted with
piceous ; tegmina pale umber-brown on basal area, where it is
somewhat thickly marked with greyish-white transverse spots,
darker brown on upper apical area, costal and apical marginal
areas white, divided by transverse brown fascie, the white inter-
spaces narrowest on basal costal area; wings fuliginous; anterior
320 FULGORIDA.
tibiee moderately dilated with two piceous annulations ; tegmina
slightly dilated behind clavus, the costal margin prominently
arched at base, its apical margin subtruncate,
Fig: 156.— Pitambara radians.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Pundaluoya, Colombo (Green).
Found on Bambusa. Larva with two long spiral caudal appen-
dages formed by a white waxy secretion (HL. E. Green).
1880. Pitambara interrupta, sp. n.
Head with vertex, face, and clypeus ochraceous, vertex with
the lateral margins, an anterior central line, and two central
oblique linear spots black; pronotum black, centrally and laterally
ochraceous; mesonotum black ; abdomen piceous, its base and the
segmental margins (narrowly) ochraceous ; legs ochraceous, more
or less spotted with piceous ; tegmina piceous on basal area, more
brownish and paler on apical area, where it is crossed by broad
transverse irregular piceous fasciz, spots on basal portion of costal
membrane, a large subtriangular spot on middle of costal margin
extending to centre of tegmen, and the apical margin greyish-
white, in the latter there are two oblique fuscous lines, interrupted
and not meeting inwardly ; wings fuliginous, their basal areas
greyish-white ; anterior tibia moderately dilated, ochraceous, with
two subbasal piceous annulations, posterior tibize moderately
dilated with a single spine; apical margins of tegmina rounded,
at base of costal margin distinctly arched.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 12 millim.
Hab, Tenasserim; Myitta (Doherty).
1881, Pitambara undulata, sp. n.
Head with the vertex, face, and elypeus ochraceous, lateral
margins and a central abbreviated line to vertex and two central
lines to face piceous ; pronotum ochraceous with a large piceous
spot on each side behind eyes; mesonotum piceous ; sternum and
legs ochraceous, bases and apices of posterior tibiae piceous ;
abdomen beneath piceous, the segmental margins ochraceous ;
CORETHRURA. Syl
tegmina piceous-brown, the basal portion of costal membrane and
a large discal spot with a small piceous centre ochraceous, a broad
apical margin and some transverse costal rays beyond the ochra-
ceous area greyish-white, in the pale apical marginal area there is
a transverse, undulated piceous line; wings greyish-white, basal
markings and a broad transverse fascia before apex fuscous-brown ;
anterior tibiz moderately dilated ; posterior tibiz with a somewhat
long submedial spine ; posterior femora fuscous-brown with their
apices ochraceous.
Length with tegm. 7 millim.
Hab. Burma ; Karen Hiils (Doherty).
Mir: Doherty sent me a single specimen of this very distinct
species.
1882. Pitambara sinuata, sp. n.
Head with vertex, face, and clypeus ochraceous, vertex with a
central and two submarginal black lines ; pronotum black, with the
lateral areas, posterior margin, and three central fascive ochraceous ;
mesonotum black; body beneath and legs ochraceous, anterior and
intermediate legs annulated with fuscous, posterior femora and
bases and apices of posterior tibizxe: more or less fuscous ; tegmina
dark piceous-brown, costal membrane ochraceous beyond middle
with obliquely transverse piceous lines, apical margin broadly
greyish-white containing a sinuated transverse piceous line ; wings
fuliginous with ereyish suffusions ; anterior tibize moderately
dilated ; posterior tibive with a spine beyond middle.
Length with teem. 7 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim, Myitta (Doherty).
Genus CORETHRURA.
Corethrura, Hope, Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 135 (1845); Stal, Hem.
Afr. iv, p. 200 (1866); Athins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 48 (1886).
Type, C. fuscovaria, Hope.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than pronotum ;
vertex somewhat long, its anterior angles prominent, base of face
appearing above as a short cephalic process ; face long, truncate on
each side before anterior prolongation, gradually sinuately ampliate
posteriorly, aud then obliquely narrowed to clypeus, the latera!
margins moderately cariate and with two central longitudinal
ridges enclosing a narrow concave space ; clypeus with the lateral
margins carinate and with a strong central longitudinal ridge ;
pronotum tricarinate, the lateral carinations curved, meeting
anteriorly and forming a convex plate, which is produced between
the eyes; mesonotum tricarinate; legs of moderate length,
ampliately subfoliaceous on each side, posterior tibiee with three
spines, posterior tarsi with the basal joint incrassate; tegmina
VOL. III. aN
Boo FULGORID.
moderately ampliate, their apices broadly rounded, moderately
produced behind clavus, costal membrane with oblique transverse
veins, the basal three longitudinal veins forked, apical veins
numerous and close together; wings slightly wider than tegmina.
1883. Corethrura fuscovaria, Hope, Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 135, t. xii,
f. 60 (1845); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. ly, p. 43 (1886).
Body above fuscous; abdomen apically provided with a sub-
ochraceous appendage, which is sometimes longer than the whole
body ; carinations to the pro- and mesonota distinctly paler in
hue; body beneath and legs pale brownish-ochraceous ; pronotum
Fig. 157.—-Corethrura fuscovaria.
with the lateral areas somewhat greyishly pubescent with two or
three fuscous spots; tegmina pale dull brownish-ochraceous with
scattered greyish pubescence, about three distinct fuscous spots in
costal membrane, some darker brownish-ochraceous discal spots
beneath costal membrane, and various suffusions of the same
colour on apical area, one before apical margin irregularly lineate :
wings fuliginous, a little darker on apical and anal areas.
Length excl. tegm. 12; exp. tegm. 30 millim.*
Hab. Sylhet (fide Hope). Burma; Ruby Mines (Doherty).—
Malay Peninsula; Perak (Coll. Dist.).
Genus BISMA, nov.
Type, B. greeni, Dist.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head narrower than pronotum ; vertex long, narrow, projecting
beyond eyes, strongly ridged on each side, its disk concave; face
very long, somewhat narrow, widened posteriorly, strongly ridged
on each side, centrally concave; clypeus centrally and medially
finely carinate ; pronotum centrally tricarinate, the lateral carinz
converging and uniting anteriorly ; mesonotum tricarinate; legs
* Atkinson, swpra, gives the dimensions as respectively 19 and 58 to 59 millim.,
which is evidently an error.
LACUSA. Oe
moderately short and robust, the anterior and intermediate femora
and tibize compressed and dilated on each side, posterior tibie
thickened and armed with two strong spines; posterior tarsi
with the basal jomt much thickened ; “teemina long, their apices
angularly rounded, costal margins slightly smuate beyond middle,
basal longitudinal veins forked at their apices, where there are
three short contiguous series of transverse veins, costal membrane
with oblique veins, and a number of transverse veins on apical
area; wings broader than tegmina.
1854. Bisma greeni, sp. n.
Body above castaneous-brown ; lateral ridges to vertex of head,
central carinate areas to pro- and mesonota, and abdominal lateral
and segmental margins ochraceous; face beneath dull castaneous,
Fig. 1538.—Bisina green.
the marginal areas spotted with ochraceous ; body beneath and
legs castaneous, the legs more or less spotted and annulated with
ochraceous, posterior tibie ochraceous with their apices and the
bases of the spines piceous; tegmina with about basal half
brownish-ochraceous mottled with fuscous, outer half paler and
~ less mottled ; a broad curved piceous fascia crossing near middle,
and two broad oblique fasciz on posterior area, which are united
on posterior margin, the outermost connected with the apical
margin by a short longitudinal fascia; wings pale fuliginous
with the apical and posterior margins fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 9; exp. tegm. 24 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy (Green).
Genus LACUSA.
Lacusa, Stal, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. vi, p. 309 (1862); id. Hem. Afr.
iv, p. 199 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 42 (1886).
Type, L. fuscofasciata, Stal.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head narrower than the pronotum; vertex rather long, its
x2
324 PULGORID,
margins carinate, and with a fine central ridge which is bifureate
anteriorly; face rather long, a little amphate posteriorly, the
lateral margins carinate, and a sublateral ridge on each side;
clypeus centrally and laterally carinate ; pronotum truncate at
base, rounded anteriorly behind the vertex, tricarinate ; mesonotum
tricarinate ; legs of moderate length, anterior legs strongly dilated,
foliaceous, posterior tibize trispinose, gradually slightly dilated
towards the apex, posterior tarsi with the basal joint very robust ;
tegmina somewhat ample, anterior and posterior margins parallel,
broadly round at apex, costal membrane cbliquely transversely
veined ; wings slightly narrower than tegmina.
1885. Lacusa fuscofasciata, S¢z (Elasmoscelis?), Ofv. Vet.-Ak.
Forh. 1854, p. 248; id. (Lacusa) Berl. ent. Zeitschr. vi, p. 309
(1862) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beny. lv, p. 42 (1886).
Cixius eminens, Walk. Ins. Saund., Hom. p. 42 (1858).
Piceous; head, pronotum, mesonotum, and tarsi very pale
testaceous, face and mesonotum infuscated; clypeus and anterior
legs piceous, the latter speckled with Inteous, intermediate and
posterior legs luteous, the posterior tibix apically piceous ; teg-
mina very pale ochraceous, semi-opaque, the venation sparingly
and finely spotted with piceous, costal membrane with some linear
Fig. 159.—Lacusa Juscofasciata.
oblique piceous spots, disk crossed by three broad piceous fascie,
the first oblique before middle, the second and third oppositely
oblique and united at posterior margin, apical margin either
completely or maculately piceous; wings semihyaline, the apical
and posterior margins pale fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 5 to 53; exp. tegm. 16 to 163 millim.
Hab. “Hindostan” (fide Walker). Burma; Ruby Mines,
Momeit (Doherty).
Genus SERIDA.
“Serida, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 158 (1857).
Type, S. datens, Walk.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum; vertex longly
produced in front of eyes, its lateral margins strongly ridged,
SERIDA. 325
centrally obscurely ridged, its anterior lateral angles slightly acute,
the base of the face as seen above appears as a further elongation
of the vertex, and is there distinctly centrally sulcate ; face long,
centrally concave, with two strong central longitudinal carinations
and the lateral margins concavely sinuate, reflexed and strongly
carinate to within a short distance of the apex: clypeus small,
the margins moderately and the central disk faintly carinate ;
pronotum short, anteriorly centrally conically produced, where it
is tricarinate, its posterior margin concave; mesonotum large,
tricarinate ; legs of moderate length, posterior tarsi with the basal
joint strongly incrassate ; tegmina moderately broad, the costal
margin slightly convex, behind the clavus distinctly ampliated,
apical margin truncately rounded, costal membrane broad, with
many slightly oblique transverse veins, basal longitudinal veins
strongly bifurcating beyond middle, the apical area being thus
provided with a somewhat close series of longitudinal veins ;
wings moderately broad, with a double series of transverse veins
on apical area.
1886. Serida latens, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 158 (1857).
Lerida fervens, Walk. tom. cit. pl. vii, f. 8 *.
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous, the carinations to head,
pronotum and mesonotum, and the abdomen above (excluding
the posterior segmental margins and some small discal spots) paler
ochraceous; tegmina pale and somewhat bronzy-brown, the
Fig, 160.—Scerida latens,
venation on basal half minutely spotted with fuscous, costal area
with oblique fuscous lines, an angulated linear fascia on apical
margin preceded by several broken transverse linear fascize, which
are also fuscous; wings pale fuligimous, somewhat shining, the
apical area included by the transverse veins distinctly darker
in hue.
Length exel. tegm. 7; exp. tegm. 20 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).—Borneo (Brit. Mus.),
* Walker has figured his S. /a/ens under the name of Lerida fervens,
326 EPULGORID 2.
Genus ZAMILA.
Zamila, Walk. Journ, Ent. i, p. 804 (1862).
Microchoria, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. Xxiv, p. 147 (1891): Melich.
Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 63 (1903).
Type, Z. lycoides, Walk. *
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head long, produced in a porrect cephalic process, tricarinate
above, laterally somewhat broadly flattened and very obsoletely
upturned at apex, each lateral area marked with a curved carinate
line extending from clypeus to about middle, where it is continued
truncately across the upper surface and above which it is only
centrally carinate; face broadly longitudinally excavate between
two lateral somewhat laminate ridges; clypeus with central and
marginal ridges, the latter being somewhat obsolete; antenns
placed beneath eyes, the second joint strongly subglobose; pro-
notum somewhat narrow, centrally tricarinate, its anterior margin
concavely excavate on each side behind eyes, lateral margins
obliquely straight, lateral angles shortly subacute; mesonotum
tricarinate; legs moderately short, posterior tibiz with two spines,
posterior tarsi with the basal joint long and subglobose; tegmina
long, somewhat narrow, their apices truncately rounded, costal
membrane with numerous transverse veins, apical area transversely
veined ; wings scarcely or only slightly wider than tegmina.
1887. Zamila lycoides, Walk. Journ. Ent. i, p. 305, t. xv, f. 2,
(1862),
Shining brownish-ochraceous; cephalic process above castaneous;
body beneath and legs a little paler ; tegmina brownish-ochraceous,
the costal membrane and apical area infuscate, in some specimens
the costal membrane concolorous, some minute brown spots
varying in number on anterior disk; wings brownish-ochraceous,
the apical area infuscate or concolorous with numerous minute
brown spots; posterior femora with a prominent spine near
middle.
Length incl. tegm. 143 millim.
Hab. * India” (Brit. ‘Mus.).—Siam (Brit. Mus.).
The Siamese ty pe from the Pascoe Collection is now in the
Netional Collection, which also contains another example labelled
* India ”; both are in an unset condition.
1888. Zamila aberrans, Avriy (Microchoria), J. Linn. Soc., Zool, xxiv,
p- 148, t. v, f. 10 (1891); Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 63,
t. u, f. 15, @ (1903).
Body and legs ochraceous; lateral areas and under surface of
cephalic process much paler; tegmina very pale tawny-yellow,
* In his description of this species, Walker has referred to his fig. 3
instead of fig. 2 of pl. xv. supra.
BRIXIOIDES. 327
opaque, apical area speckled with minute fuscous spots and with
two short transverse fuscous lines near apical margin; wings
Fig. 161.— Zamila aberrans.
greyish, slightly suffused with very pale fuliginous ; disk of meso-
notum between the carine brown: cephalic process above the
medial transverse ridge with the central longitudinal carination
very distinct.
Length excl. tegm. 743; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hab. Ceylon, Pundaluoya (Green).
1889. Zamila perpusilla, Walk. (Pyrops) List Hon. ii. p. 269 (1851).
Body and legs ochraceous, paler beneath than above; tegmina
yellowish-white, semi-opaque, the apical area and outer claval
margin speckled with minute black spots ; wings pale hyaline ;
the dorsal ridge to cephalic process is much less prominent in
front of the central transverse ridge than behind it.
Length excl. tegm. 9: exp. tegm. 18 millim.
Hah. North Bengal (Miss Campbell, Brit. Mus.).
Genus BRIXIOIDES.
Brixioides, Avrby. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 139 (1891); Melich.
Hom. Faun, Ceylon, p. 35 (1903).
Type, B. carinatus, Kirby.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head narrower than the pronotum, antenne inserted below the
hinder part of the eyes, ocelli undetected; vertex with its lateral
margins a little laminately raised at inner margin of each eye, its
disk on eate and centrally carinate ; face with its lateral margins
laminately convexly produced, long, narrow, a little wider pos-
teriorly ; pronotum centrally tricarinate, its lateral angles some-
what acute ; mesonotum tricarinate ; legs moderately compressed,
posterior tibiz with a prominent medial spine and widened
328 FULGORID2.
posteriorly ; posterior tarsi with the basal joint strongly globose ;
tegmina subopaque, the apical margin oblique, costal membrane
with numerous transverse carinate lines, apical area transversely
veined ; wings a little broader than tegmina, subhyaline, some
transverse veins on their apical areas.
Mr. Kirby, in describing this genus, stated that he considered
it of doubtful position, though he placed it in the Ciwiune.
Melichar (supra) bas also placed it in that subfamily. The
swollen first joint of the posterior tarsi was apparently overlooked,
or its proper location would have been detected.
1890. Brixioides carinatus, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 140,
t. v, f. 9 (1891) ; Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 35 (1903).
Head and pronotum ochraceous; head with a broad black
central fascia with a medial ochraceous line; pronotum with the
area between the three central ochraceous carinations black, the
lateral areas alternately and linearly black and ochraceous ; meso-
notum with the area between the three central ochraceous
carinations purplish-brown, its lateral area alternately ochraceous
and purplish-brown: abdomen above piceous-brown, with two
longitudinal pale fascie and the segmental margins ochraceous ;
Fig. 162.—Brivxioides carinatus.
body beneath and legs stramineous, much linearly marked and
spotted with biack, margins of face and anterior femora obliquely
lined, two narrow oblique fascize on each side of sternum, anterior
tibiz and remaining legs spotted or annulated, black ; tegmina pale
ochraceous, semi-opaque, on basal half and below radial area the
veins much spotted with brown and with two more prominent
piceous spots, oblique brown narrow fascie crossing costal mem-
brane, three of them near apex continued to near posterior angle,
where there are a few small piceous spots; wings subhyaline,
slightly palely infuscate on disk.
Length excl. tegm. 44; exp. tegm. 13) millim.
Hab, Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Green).
Genus JIVATMA, nov.
Type, J. metallica, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex
moderately produced in front of eyes, centrally and laterally finely
KUSUMA. 329
ridged, face not projecting beyond it as in Serida; face longer
than bro ad, finely centrally and sublaterally ridged, the sublateral
ridges rounded and meeting anteriorly, the lateral margins a little
reflexed and strongly carinate ; clypeus shorter than face, obscurely
and laterally carinate; pronotum narrow, tricarinate, anteriorly
a little centrally conically produced ; mesonotum large, tricarinate ;
legs of moderate length, posterior tarsi with the basal joint
incrassate ; tegmina moderately broad in structure and venation
generally as in Sevida, wings differing from that genus by the
absence of the double series of transverse veins to the apical
area.
1891. Jivatma metallica, sp. n.
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous; the carinations to head
and thorax and the lateral and segmental margins to abdomen
above paler ochraceous ; mesonotum with two central longitudinal
piceous fascie ; tegmina pale greyish-hyaline, the claval and apical
Fig. 163.—-Jivatina metallica.
areas dull ochraceous with some irregular narrow pale fuscous
striz, several transverse piceous fascize before apical margin, one
of which is moderately broad, the basal longitudinal venation with
minute fuscous spots; wings greyish hyaline, the venation and
the posterior and apical areas dark fuliginous.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim, Myitta (Doherty).
Genus KUSUMA, nov.
Type, A. carinata, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex
broad, the anterior and lateral margins upwardly carinate, its disk
concave, with an obsolete central longitudinal ridge; face longer
than broad, a little ampliated anteriorly, centrally and marginally
ridged, its anterior margin moderately convex, its posterior margin
subtruncate ; ; clypeus subtriangular, broadly laterally and centrally
330 PULGORIDE.
ridged; antenne inserted beneath eyes, second joint strongly
clobose ; pronotum about as broad as head, very strongly tri-
carinate, its anterior margin subtruncate, its lateral angles
moderately obtusely angularly produced ; mesonotum tricarinate ;
legs somewhat short, the posterior tibiz with two spines, the basal
joint of the posterior tarsi strongly incrassate ; tegmina somewhat
elongate, their apices conically rounded, costal membrane with
transverse veins, of the three discal longitudinal veins the upper
and lower are bifurcate, two series of transverse veins, one before
apical area irregularly transverse, the other on apical area strongly
oblique ; wings slightly wider than tegmina.
1892. Kusuma carinata, sp. n.
Body and legs ochraceous ; tegmina creamy, subopaque ; base,
an irregularly transverse fascia bevond middle, and an oblique
narrow fascia on apical area pale fuscous-brown ; wings hyaline ;
Fig. 164.—Kuswina carinata.
carinations to pro- and mesonota very pronounced and promi-
nent: spines to posterior tibie very distinct; head with the
vertex distinctly concave ; disk of pronotum between the ridges
concave.
Length excl. teom. 4 to 43; exp. tegm. 18 millim.
Hab. “ India” and Bombay (Brit. Mus.).
Two specimens are contained in the National Collection, one
probably from North India, the second properly localized as from
Bombay.
Genus VARMA.
Type, V. fervens, Walk., from Borneo.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head a little narrower than pronotum; vertex narrow, trun-
cately rounded in front, the margin upwardly acutely reflected ;
face considerably longer than broad, a little ampliated posteriorly,
centrally and lateraliy robustly carinate, the lateral areas moderately
oblique; clypeus centrally ridged, its lateral margins simple ;
pronotum very narrow, laterally oblique, posteriorly very strongly
angularly emarginate, centrally and marginally strongly ridged ;
inesonotum tricarinate and longer than pronotum and _ vertex
PADANDA. 331
together ; legs moderately short, posterior tibize with two strong
spines, posterior tarsi with the basal joint perceptibly thickened ;
rostrum short, robust, apical joint short ; tegmina somewhat broad,
apically truncately rounded, of the three basal longitudinal veins
the uppermost and lowermost are bifurcated, crossed by an almost
straight series of transverse veins beyond middle, and by a similar
outwardly convex series a little before apical margin, costal mem-
brane with oblique transverse veins; wings a little narrower than
tegmina.
1893. Varma tridens, sp. n.
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina flavescent, a
costal suffusion before apex, and three contiguous apical marginal
fascie fuscous; wings fuliginous, a little paler at basal area;
abdominal segmental margins a little paler in hue; carinations to
Fi
165.-—Varimea tridens.
on
f=)
head, pronotum, and mesonotum concolorous or very slightly
paler than the discal coloration; posterior tibie pale ochrace-
ous, the spines very distinct; carinations to face and clypeus
concolorous.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 14 millim.
lab, Ceylon, Armarapura, Kandy (@ree7).
Genus PADANDA.
Type, P. athinsoni, Dist.
Mstribution. British India.
Head (with eyes) about as wide as pronotum, the vertex shorter
than pronotum, subconically rounded, centrally and marginally
carinate ; face about twice as long as clypeus, its margins parallel,
centrally and sublaterally carinate, the sublateral carinz anteriorly
curved inward and fused, the lateral margins also carinate ; clypeus
tricarinate ; antenne inserted considerably below eyes, the second
joint short, globose ; pronotum slightly longer than head, strongly
laterally and medially carinate, its anterior margin elongately
convex, its posterior margin angularly emarginate; mesonotum
longer than pronotum, strongly tricarinate, the lateral carinations
upwardly curved inward but not quite meeting ; legs of moderate
length, the posterior tibie with four spines, one very near base ;
332 FULGORIDE.
posterior tarsi with the basal joint short and incrassate ; tegmin
subcoriaceous, subvertically placed, apical areas with many trans-
verse veins, the longitudinal veins distinctly raised.
1894. Padanda atkinsoni, sp. n.
Head, face, thorax and tegmina
pale ochraceous; body beneath
and Jegs brownish-ochraceous ;
pronotum with a small impressed
fuscous spot on each side of the
central carination ; tegmina with
the reticular venation on the apical
areas in places castaneous, the
costal membrane moderately broad,
the longitudinal veins distinctly
yellow ; apices of the anterior and intermediate tibie and apices
of the tarsi piceous.
Length inc]. tegm. 7 millim.
Hab. Sikhim ; Mungphu (Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).
Fie. 166.—Padanda atkinsoni.
Subfamily IX. ISSINA.
Issida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 130 & 202 (1866).
Issina, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. (1870) p. 754; Atkins, J. A. S. Beng.
lv, p. 48 (1886).
Issidze, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 72 (1903).
Head not or only a little narrower than the pronotum ; clypeus
generally convex, its lateral margins seldom ridged: pronotum
truncate at base, sometimes but rarely broadly roundly sinuate,
either without a median carination or with only an obsolete
one; mesonotum short, rarely twice longer than pronotum ;
tegmina coriaceous or subcoriaceous, rarely vitreous, seldom flat.
usually more or less: convex, sometimes very much abbreviated ;
basal joint ef posterior tarsi short or of moderate leneth, very
rarely elongate.
In many respects the Zssinw are closely allied to the Hury-
brachydine, some authorities placing the two in sequence to one
another, and others treating them both as representing one sub-
family. Although I have not followed either of these courses,
there is very much to be said in their favour, but at present there
is a divergence of view as to the divisions of the Fulgoride and
their natural sequence, while the question is without sufficient
data for final decision.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Anterior legs foliaceously dilated.
a. Tegmina considerably shorter than abdomen. CALIscELts, p. 334.
b. Teemina longer than abdomen .......... AUGILA, p. 335,
ISSIN EL.
B. ae legs normal, not foliaceously dilated.
. Tegmisa deflected, in an oblique or vertical
position to the body, not convex; poste-
fe tibiz with one or two spines.
ca narrowed and rounded at apices.
. Head not porrectly produced in front
of eyes.
, Clypeus transversely striate.
a*. Face longer than broad, centrally
and sublaterally carinate
4°, Face as broad as long, only cen-
trally carinate 22/342 to A
. Clypeus not transversely striate.
a, Pace centrally carinate.
a‘, Vertex angularly produced in
PROTEOME VCS a recs cicast ates 2. oriar<
. Vertex not angularly produced
Infront Of eyes <2. 4s a.
b°, Face centrally and laterally. cari-
nate.
a‘. Sublateral carinations almost
WELCUULEM Ge Mette te qq sara tts|s a1 2
6‘, Sublateral carinations only com-
mencing at about middle of
lateral margins ......
b’, ead porrectly produced in front of
eyes.
a’. Face centrally carinate, not promi-
nently narrowed anteriorly ......
b°. Face non-carinate, prominently nav-
rowed anteriorly: ..........-
. Tegmina ampliated and obliquely truneate
at apices.
a’, Head not prominently produced in
front of eyes.
a>. Face about as broad as lone.
a’. Face distinetly centrally
nately produced at base........
6°. Face normal, not laminately pro-
lami-
duced.
a’, Inner margin of eo
straight: §. cee. 59 600¢
o!, Inner margin of tegmina con-
cavely sinuate, convexly am-
pliate behind claval area ....
i-. Face broader than long.
@, Inner margin of tegmina straight .
b°, Inner margin of tegmina dilated
at claval area
c*. Face longer than broad ..........
b'. Head prominently produced in front
of eyes.
a*, Apex of head broad, strongly notched
b?. Apex of head narrowed and acute
TATVA, p. 336,
BRAHMALOKA,
[p. 557.
JAGANNATA, p. 558
399.
TETRICA, p.
HystERoOPTERUM,
[p. 541
SARIMA, p. 342
GIVAKA, p. d44.
VISHNULOKA, p. 545
Rapua, p. 346.
DEVAGAMA, p. 547.
NARAYANA, p. 349.
SAMANTIGA, p. 351.
SIVALOKA, p. 352.
SUDASINA, p. 355.
Lusanpa, p. 345.
TonGa, p. 355.
334 FULGORID®.
b. Tegmina convexly oblique, longer than
broad; posterior tibize with five spines.
a. Face about half as long again as broad .. FLAVINA, p. 556.
b. Face twice as long as broad ............ NILALOHITA, p. 358.
ce. Tegmina globose, without a claval suture.
a. Face distinctly separated from vertex .. HEMISPH2ERIUS,
6. Face not distinctly separated from vertex [p. 399.
but passing gradually into its surface .. HEMISPH#ROIDES,
ad. Tegmina broadly transverse, only moderately [p. B64,
oblique.
a. Head not produced in front of eyes .... PTERILTA, p. 365,
b. Head strongly and acutely produced in
front: of eyes. neva tn crc ae PTERYGOMA, p. 366,
Genus CALISCELIS.
Caliscelis, Zap. Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr. ii, p. 251 (1833) ; Melich. (excel.
syn.) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 72 (1905); Hore. Ann. Mus. Nat.
Fling. 1904, p. 378.
Mejonosoma, Costa, Cenni zvologici, Annuar. Zoolog. 1854, p. 86.
Calliscelis, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 208 (1866).
C'aloscelis, Fieb. Cie. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1875, p. 559; Melich. Cicad.
Mitt.-Europ. p. 35 (1896).
Type, C. bonelliz, Latr., a Palearctic species.
Distribution. Palearctic and Oriental Regions *.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as pronotum ; vertex with
its margins ridged, and with a transverse ridge between the eyes ;
face nearly perpendicular, a little rounded towards clypeus, with
three longitudinal keels ; antennz inserted before the eyes ;
rostrum reaching the posterior cox; pronotum broader than
long, anteriorly rounded, posteriorly concave, sometimes with a
slight middle keel; mesonotum acutely triangular, with three
faint longitudinal keels, the lateral keels curved ; tegmina shorter
than abdomen, obliquely truncate posteriorly, clavus fused with
corium ; anterior femora and tibiz strongly foliaceously amphated ;
posterior tibiz with a single spine.
1895. Caliscelis eximia, S¢a/, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. ili, p. 323 (1859).
Very pale ochraceous ; vertex a little produced in front of
eyes; pronotum with a medial carination, much shorter than
mesonotum.
3. Face about one-third longer than greatest breadth, medial
carination percurrent ; costal area of tegmina, a broad lateral
* Burmeister (Handb. Ent. ii, p. 159, 1835) has included a South-American
species in this genus, but Dr. Horvath has stated that it is not congeneric
with Caliscelis.
AUGILA. 335
fascia on each side of body, and the anterior legs piceous, inter-
mediate and posterior lees more
or less mottled with piceous,
anterior femora beneath and ante-
rior tibize on each side (outwardly
more than inwardly) roundly
foliaceously amphated.
2. A little larger than male,
unicolorous, irrorated with fus-
cous; face about one - fourth
longer than greatest breadth ;
anterior femora beneath and
anterior tibiz on each side mode-
rately dilated, less so than in
male.
Length, ¢ 33, 2 4 millim.
Fig. 167.— Caliscelis eximia, 3. Hab: Ane (Stockholm Mus.).
I am indebted to Dr. Auri-
villius, of Stockholm, for the opportunity of figuring this species,
Genus AUGILA.
Augila, Sta, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 754.
Type, A. sulciceps, Stal, from the Philippines.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Body elongate, subcompressed, abdomen slender; head (including
eyes) a little narrower than pronotum, compressed and porrectly
produced in front of eyes, its apex moderately rounded, and from
it issues a slender filamentous appendage *, above longitudinally
concave ; face with the lateral margins strongly broadly ridged ;
eyes elongate; pronotum truncate at base, anteriorly produced
between eyes, obtusely tricarinate; mesonotum nearly twice as
long as pronotum, bicarinate; tegmina elongate, narrow, apex
obliquely rounded, anterior and posterior margins parallel, radial
and upper longitudinal veins united near base, the former shortly
furcate at apex, apical area reticulately veined; wings a little
wider than tegmina, with a few transverse veins on apical area ;
anterior legs elongated, the femora and tibiz foliaceously dilated ;
posterior tibize with a single spine placed beyond middle.
I have followed Stal in placing this strange genus in the Jssine ;
there appear to be a number of interesting characters that can
only be studied and described when material can be spared for
dissection.
* This structural character is neither figured nor described by Stal, and
was probably mutilated when he acquired his Philippine type of the genus.
336 FULGORIDE.
1896. Augila binghami, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum black ; vertex of head (ex-
cluding base and apex) dul! greyish, a longitudinal spot at centre
of face and a central fascia to clypeus dull greyish ; abdomen
ochraceous, the lateral margins and apex broadly piceous ; anterior
legs piceous, apices of the dilated tibiz ochraceous, intermediate
Pig. 168.—Augila hinghami.
and posterior legs brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, the veins fuscous, apical area of tegmina and the clav al
area piceous; at base of abdomen above there are two smooth
longitudinal tubercles.
Length excl. tegm. 6; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim, Ataran Valley (Bingham, Coll. Dist.).
Genus TATVA, nov.
Type, 2. bufo, Dist.
Distribution, British India.
Head (including eyes) only very slightly narrower than pro-
notum ; vertex quadrangular, foveate and granulose, its margins
strongly ridged, its posterior margin angularly excavate; face
longer ‘than iprendi a little amphate posteriorly, granulose, cen-
trally, laterally, and sublaterally carinate, the sublateral carinations
united anteriorly and inwardly curved posteriorly ;_ clypeus
somewhat short, triangular, finely centrally carinate near its
base, and laterally transversely striate ; eyes with their posterior
margins truncate, antenne inserted a little beneath them; pro-
notum narrow, its posterior margin truncate, anteriorly broadly
angulate ; mesonotum small, triangular ; legs of moderate length,
posterior tibiz with two spines ; tegmina. short, subcoriaceous,
broadly arched at base and moderately ampliate behind clavus,
narrowed to apex, which is angularly rounded, strongly trans-
versely reticulate on about apical third, obsoletely transversely
reticulate on remaining area; wings about or almost as long as
tegmina, semihyaline.
BRAHMALOKA. 337
1897. Tatva bufo, sp. n.
Body and legs pale brownish-ochraceous ; vertex of head with
two small fuscous spots at base; tegmina obscure talc-like, sub-
coriaceous, the venation ochraceous, two obscure broken oblique
fuscous fascize on each tegmen, and some transverse fuscous spots
on each claval area; wings semi-
hyaline, very pale fuliginous, the
venation fuscous; vertex of head
granulose, with a faint central
longitudinal carination ; face granu-
lose, speckled with pale fuscous ;
clypeus ochraceous, its lateral areas
obliquely striate; apices of tibice
piceous ; tegmina with a number of
small cells on apical area ; pronotum
sparingly palely granulose, its mar-
Fig. 169.—Tatva bufo. gins strongly ridged and with a
faint central longitudinal carina-
tion; mesonotum with two short ridges near each anterior angle,
between which the colour is dull castaneous, two small spots of
the same colour on disk.
Length 53 millim.
Hab. Bombay (Brit. Mus.). 7
Genus BRAHMALOKA, nov.
Type, B. bowringi, Dist.
Distribution, Assam.
Head (including eyes) as broad as pronotum; vertex broader
than long, truncate anteriorly, moderately concave, its edges
carinate ; face about as broad as long, centrally straightly finely
carinate and submarginally convexly carinate, the lateral margins
also slightly ridged, the basal margin truncate, not concave, a little
emarginate before clypeus; clypeus laterally transversely obliquely
striate; pronotum about as long as mesonotum, anteriorly angu-
larly medially produced, posteriorly truncate, with a central fine
longitudinal carination ; mesonotum tricarinate; legs short and
robust, posterior tibiz with two spines ; tegmina with the margins
parallel, not ampliated towards apex, apical margin truneately
rounded, longitudinal veins prominent, more or less transversely
veined over their whole area, costal area very broad, transversely
veined, a series of transverse veins near apex defining an apical
marginal area containing a few longitudinal veins.
1898. Brahmaloka bowringi, sp. n.
Body, legs, and tegmina brownish-ochraceous; face discally
suffused with piceous; the oblique lateral striz to clypeus casta-
neous; apex of rostrum piceous; abdomen castaneous-brown
VOL. III. vy)
338 FULGORID.
with transverse ochraceous segmental fascize, anal appendages
Fig. 170.—Brahmaloka bowringi.
ochraceous ; posterior tibie with two rubust spines; eyes piceous.
Length incl. tegm. 5 millim.
5 . .
Hab. Assam; Cachar (Bowring, Brit. Mus.).
Genus JAGANNATA, noy.
Type, J. chelonia, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as pronotum ; vertex some-
what angularly produced in front of eyes, a little longer than
broad, slightly narrowed posteriorly; face about as long as
greatest width, very indistinctly and obscurely centrally carinate,
its basal margin truncate with the lateral angles slightly acutely
prominent, obliquely widened for about two-thirds its length
and then obliquely narrowed to clypeus which is directed inward ;
antenne short, inserted beneath eyes; pronotum about as long
as mesonotum, anteriorly subtriangularly produced, its posterior
margin truneate and with a faint central longitudinal carination ;
legs of moderate length, posterior tibiz unarmed ; tegmina widest
and arched near base, narrowed posteriorly, the longitudinal veins
bifureate, the surface covered with indistinct transverse veins, the
basal disk slightly globose, but not prominently so as seen from
above.
1899. Jagannata chelonia, sp. n.
Very pale flavescent with fuscous markings; vertex of head pale
flavescent with the anterior mar-
gin and anterior lateral angles
piceous ; eyes fuscous-brown,
tneir basal margins ochraceous;
face pale flavescent, anterior
area pale fuscous-brown and
slightly granulose, the ante-
rior and lateral margins at
this area piceous with small
é prominent tubercles, on poste-
Fig. 171.—Jagannata chelonia. rior disk some pale fuscous-
- brown — suffusions ;_— clypeus
piceous, its base pale flavescent ; anterior and intermediate
TETRICA. 339
tibize distinctly piceously biannulate, the femora much more ob-
scurely so; posterior legs mutilated in type; tegmina pale
flavescent with some faint fuscous shadings, one or two very
small piceous spots at apical end of posterior margin and a linear
series of very obscure fuscous spots on disk, the longitudinal
veins distinctly raised.
Length incl. tegm. 53 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
1900, Jagannata maculata, sp. n.
Pale creamy-white more or less suffused and spotted with
fuscous ; vertex of head with a piceous spot on the anterior lateral
angles and a small black spot at about middle of lateral margins ;
eyes very pale fuscous-brown; face with the anterior area very
pale fuscous-brown and slightly granulose, some central suffusions
of the same colour to posterior disk, and the whole of the anterior
and lateral margins spotted with black, most prominently so
anteriorly ; anterior and intermediate femora and tibie obscurely
piceously biannulate ; pronotuin piceously spotted at each lateral
area, and with a central somewhat sanguineous carinate line ;
mesonotum with five large fuscous spots, four on anterior margin
and the other one near posterior angle, and with a distinct central
sanguineous carinate line ; tegmina creamy-white, with a large
fuscous patch or irregular spot on the apical area, a smaller patch
or spot on claval area, some minute spots of the same colour
scattered on basal area, and aseries of small but more piceous
spots on inner margin.
Length incl. tegm. 6 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim: Myitta (Doherty).
Besides the above strong differences in colour and markings
this species may be separated from J. chelonia by the much less
raised longitudinal veins to the tegmina.
Genus TETRICA.
Tetrica, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 208 (1866); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng.
lv, p. 46 (1886).
Type, 7. fusca, Stal.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Body oval or suboblong ; head with eyes as broad as pronotum,
not prominently produced in front of eyes; vertex transverse,
somewhat concave, its margins strongly ridged, with a more or less
distinct central carination and with the anterior lateral angles
distinctly prominent ; face almost equally long as broad, a little
ampliated posteriorly, with a central medial ridge sometimes be-
coming evanescent posteriorly, the lateral margins acute and a
little reflexed, lateral margins of the clypeus ridged; pronotum
short, anteriorly and triangularly produced, its base truncate, its
margins ridged and with a more or less well-developed central
Z2
340 - FULGORIDE.
carination; mesonotum about as long as pronotum, somewhat
convex ; legs moderately short and robust, posterior tibiz with
two spines; tegmina slightly narrowed behind the middle, at apex
very obtusely rounded ; radial vein forked at base, two lower
longitudinal veins forked near middle; wings broad, deeply
emarginate at apex”.
I am indebted to Dr. Aurivillius, of Stockholm, for allowing me
to see a cotype of this genus, the 7. maculipennis, Stal, from the
Philippines.
1901. Tetrica fusca, Sta, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 757, note;
Atkins. J. A. 8S. Beng. lv, p. 47 (1886).
“3, Fuscous, subcompressed, legs pallescent; corium and
clavus obsoletely palely sprinkled on disk; vertex twice broader
than long ; face nearly equally long and towards the apex broad,
furnished ° ith a single, distinct, obtuse ridge running through it,
continued through the clypeus ; tegmina somewhat broad, gradually
somewhat amplified from base to near middle, thence distinctly
narrowed.” (Stdal.)
Length incl. tegm. 54 millim.
Hab. Burma (fide Stal).
I have given Stal’s description of this species, for although L
possess a specimen from Mergui which I believe is conspecific,
I cannot be certain without seeing the type.
1902. Tetrica bifasciata, sp. n.
Brownish-ochraceous ; face with the anterior and lateral margins
very narrowly black, the central carinate line testaceous and with
a curved pale fascia on each side before clypeus, which is also pale
with its lateral areas darker ; legs with paler longitudinal streaks ;
tegmina brownish-ochraceous with two transverse castaneous
fascize, between which there is a large pale costal spot, longi-
tudinal veins slightly raised and pale brownish ; eyes castaneous.
Length incl. tegm. 54 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
1903. Tetrica viridimixta, sp. n.
Brownish-ochraceous with pale virescent suffusions; face
mottled with brown, between which there is a triangular pale
flavescent spot before clypeus giving the appearance of the
posterior margin being triangularly emarginate ; clypeus laterally
piceous ; anterior and intermediate femora and tibize obscurely
* Tam extremely doubtful whether this is a constant character, although
stated as so by Stal.
HYSTEROPTERUM. 341
fuscously biannulate; vertex in fresh specimens with a virescent
tint; pronotum with the anterior area and a spot at base
ochraceous or pale virescent ; mesonotum with the posterior angle
Fig. 172.—Tetrica viridimivta.
virescent ; tegmina brownish ochraceous, the venation with a
virescent tint,a pale virescent spot on basal costal area, and a
large pale longitudinal suffusion beyond middle of costal marginal
area.
Var. The virescent tint obsolete, and the whole submarginal
costal area of tegmina pale flavous-virescent, the basal spot and
longitudinal suffusion being united.
Length incl. tegm. 6 millim.
Hab. 'Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
Genus HYSTEROPTERUM.
Hysteropterum, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 519 (1843) ; Fieb. Cic. Rev. et
Mag. Zool. 1875, p. 365; Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 76 (1903).
Type H. immaculatum, Fabr., a Palearctic species.
Distribution. Palearctic and Oriental Regions.
Head (including eyes) as wide as pronotum ; vertex quadrangular,
about as broad as long, its anterior margin slightly angularly
produced in front of eyes, its lateral margins ridged ; face scarcely
longer than greatest breadth, posteriorly moderately ampliate,
centrally and sublaterally carinate, the sublateral carinations curved
and meeting at anterior margin ; legs moderately short and stout ;
pronotum a little shorter than mesonotum, truncate’ posteriorly
and subangularly produced anteriorly, faintly centrally carinate ;
mesonotum with its anterior margin ridged and somewhat widely
tricarinate ; tegmina placed vertically, narrowed to apices which
are rounded, the upper two longitudinal veins forked at about one-
third before their apices and excluding basal area with numerous
faint subobsolete transverse veins.
1904. Hysteropterum subfasciatum, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 78 (1903).
Pale brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina with two oblique piceous
342 FULGORID®.
fascia; vertex of head smooth, a little concave; pronotum with a
series of very small pale fuscous
tubercles on its lateral margins,
central carination distinct ; meso-
notum pale chocolate-brown, the
lateral angles and apex much paler,
the carinations distinct, its anterior
margin distinctly finely ridged ;
legs a little spotted and streaked
with fuscous; tegmina with the
longitudinal veins raised, obsoletely
Fie. 173 mottled with paler coloration.
g. 173.
Hysteropterum subfascia! vii. Var, Paler and more concolorous
than the typical form (supra) ;
tegmina without the piceous oblique fascize ; mesonotum paler and
more concolorous.
Length incl. tegm. 5 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Trincomali (Mus, Hongrois).
I have again to acknowledge my obligation to Dr. Horvith, of
the Budapest Museum, for allowing me to examine and figure a
typical example of this species.
1905. Hysteropterum fusculum, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 77
(1903
‘“‘ Yellowish-brown ; vertex of head twice as broad as long, in
front straightly truncate, angulated and deepened above; face
distinctly longer, widened and rounded to clypeus, with a distinct
central percurrent carination ; face unicolorous, brownish ; pro-
notum as long as vertex, anterior margin obtusely angularly
produced, posterior margin straight, deepened above into a groove
with several smooth granules; mesonotum with three indistinct
longitudinal nnenionee ; teemina moderately long, broadly
rounded off behind, with three longitudinal veins, “the outer
forked at base, and the other two forked at middle of corium, the
veins connected by numerous paler transverse veins; wings
fuliginous ; body beneath and legs brownish-yellow.” (JJelichar.)
Length 5 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Mus. Berlin),
I have failed to apply the above description to any specimen
which has hitherto passed through my hands.
Genus SARIMA.
Sarima, Melich. Hom Faun. Ceylon, p. 78 (1905).
Type, S. illbata, Melicn.
Istribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) as wide as pronotum ; vertex subquadran-
cular, its base angularly emarginate, its margins ridged and with
SARIMA, 343
a subobsolete central carinate line ; face somewhat shortly ampli-
ated and rounded posteriorly, before clypeus distinctly sinuate,
basal and lateral margins ridged, a fine central longitudinal
carination, and two anterior central carinations which commence
at about middle of lateral margins and are rounded inwardly and
connected at a little before basal margin; clypeus short, robust ;
pronotum somewhat short, its base truncate, anteriorly angularly
produced, with a somewhat faint median carination ; mesonotum
obsoletely tricarinate ; legs of moderate length, posterior tibie
with two spines; tegmina subcoriaceous, the longitudinal veins
distinctly raised, and between them a number of more indistinct
transverse veins, the costal margin a little angularly produced
before middle, the costal membrane broad with an inner curved
vein enclosing a semicircular maculate space, the tegmina are placed
vertically and they are rounded at apices.
1906. Sarima illibata, Welich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 79 (1903).
Head, thorax, and tegmina dark umber-brown; lateral and
posterior margins and central carina to vertex of head paler and
more ochraceous ; extreme lateral margins of tegmina ochraceous,
and the costal membrane around and beyond the semicircular dark
maculate area greyish-flavescent, some scattered obscure fuscous
spots sometimes becoming somewhat
confluent on apical areas; body beneath
and legs pale ochraceous; abdomen
beneath with a central discal piceous
maculate fascia; the vertex of head
| has two anterior transverse and two
smaller posterior impressions; eyes
black, ochraceous at extreme base; the
margins of pronotum, especially itsapex,
and more faintly the central carinate
Fig. 174.—Sarima illibatc. line, are dull ochraceous; the cari-
nations to mesonotum are obsolete
and do not quite reach the posterior margin; the transverse sub-
obsolete veins between the longitndinal veins of tegmina are
somewhat regular, but on the costal area or membrane there are
three or four above the semicirenlar maculate area, and they
become again distinct a little beyond middle.
Length incl. tegm. 5 to 63 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy, Pundaluoya (Green).
I have to thank Dr. Horvath, of Budapest, for allowing me to
see a cotype of this species, which is figurec above.
1907. Sarima elongata, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 80 (1903).
Allied to S. ilibata, but with the body longer and narrower,
pale yellowish or greenish-brown ; vertex rather broader, with
344 FULGORIDA,
two coneavities ; face scarcely longer than breadth at clypeus,
rather narrowed between eyes, finely and thickly punctured, not
marked, greenish-yellow or yellowish-brown, with a central ridge
extending to its middle and a transverse ridge running close
below its basal margin and parallel to it, the ends curved down
near outer borders of the face, narrow space between this trans-
verse ridge and the facial margin dark brown; tegmina rather
long and narrow, semitransparent, transverse veins in hinder area
thicker, in the front half only some isolated transverse veins
other characters as in S, dlibata.
“ Length 6 to 63 millim.”
Hab, Ceylon ( fide Melichar).
Among the specimens which have passed through my hands, I
have not found one that definitely agrees with the above diagnosis ;
I have therefore reproduced what I believe are the salient points
from Dr. Melichar’s description.
1908. Sarima cretata, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and tegmina castaneous-brown ;
body beneath and legs yellowish or pale virescent ; vertex of head
and face either virescent or very pale testaceous-brown, the latter
with the central carination becoming evanescent before apex ;
tegmina with the base obliquely pale ochraceous, at about centre
of costal area a large semihyaline whitish spot outwardly narrowly
margined with pale ochraceous and from the end of the spot to
the apex the costal area is pale ochraceous; on the disk of each
tecmen there are a few prominent cretaceous tomentose spots,
ot which the principal are three in transverse curved series a little
beyond the middle, and a cluster of smaller and more obscure
spots on apical area; sides of face and the abdomen beneath
rather strongly virescent; other characters resembling those of
S. allibata.
Length incl. tegm. 53 millim.
Hab, Ceylon; Pundaluoya (Green).
Genus GIVAKA, nov.
Type, G. hampsoni, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as pronotum; vertex
moderately porrect, somewhat longly and triangularly produced in
front of eyes, with an obsolete median carination, the lateral
margins distinctly ridged; face somewhat obliquely convex,
narrowest at base, widened posteriorly, smooth, margins slightly
ridged, with a fine central median carination ; clypeus semiglobose ;
legs moderately short, posterior tibiae with two spies; pronotum
short, convexly arched anteriorly, truncate posteriorly, faintly
centrally carinate ; tegmina placed in an obliquely vertical position,
narrowed to apices, which are truncately rounded, costal margin
VISHNULOKA. 345
obliquely arched to about one-third from base, thence almost
obliquely straight to apex, costal membrane transversely veined,
about apical half coarsely transversely veined, remaining area more
obsoletely marked with transverse veins, second and third longi-
tudinal veins strongly forked near middle, on the upper and lower
longitudinal veins beyond middle there are several distinct ovate
cellular areas.
Allied to the Palearctic genus Mycterodus, Spin.
1909. Givaka hampsoni, sp. n.
Pale brownish-ochraceous, spotted and marked with fuscous ;
vertex of head testaceous, the lateral edges piceous ; face testaceous,
the lateral edge piceous except at apical areas, central carination
a little darker except at base and
apex, its lateral areas a little
oblique, anteriorly somewhat in-
curved ; pronotum and mesonotum
pale brownish-ochraceous; tegmina
pale brownish-ochraceous, with a
large irregularly transverse dark
fuscous patch on basal area, and
an irregularly obliquely longitudi-
nal similarly coloured patch on
Fig. 175.—Givaka hampsoni. apical area, the longitudinal veins
and the transverse veins on apical
half strong and prominent ; abdomen beneath with a central
longitudinal segmental series of large piceous spots, and a series
of small indented spo‘s at lateral segmental margins.
Length incl. tegm. 8 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills (4Zampson).
Genus VISHNULOKA, nov.
Type, V. prominula, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Allied to Givaka, but differing in the following characters :—-The
face is convex and smooth, without any carination, much narrowed
anteriorly, the vertex is long and porrect, the lateral margins
broadly, roundly prominent; the second longitudinal vein to
tegmina is forked near apex, the lower longitudinal vein forked
near middle, the bifurcations meeting on margin and thus
apparently forming an elongate cellular area, transverse veins less
strongly marked than in Givaka.
1910. Vishnuloka prominula, sp. n.
Pale ochraceous, tegmina with fuscous markings; vertex of
head longly porrect and acuminate, the lateral margins broadly
prominent and finely transversely wrinkled; face moderately con-
346 FULGORID®.
vexly rounded, very finely transversely striate, its lateral margins
narrowly flavescent ; pronotum granulose ; mesonotum imperfectly
seen through typical speci-
men being “pinned ; tegmina
with a slightly oblique Tongi-
tudinal piceous fascia, which
commences near middle of
costal margin and terminates
at apex and is inwardly
strongly excavate, extreme
edge of basal half of costal
margin piceous and the costal
Fig. 176.—Vishnuloka prominula. membrane at this region pale
testaceous ; body beneath and
legs pale ochraceous, the abdomen more or less infuscate centrally
and laterally, the spines to the posterior tibize concolorous.
Length incl. tegm. 10 millim.
Hab. Sikhim ; ‘Mungphu (Atkinson, Coll, Dist.).
1911. Vishnuloka cuneata, sp. n.
Ochraceous ; tegmina marked with piceous ; vertex of head very
pale brownish-ochraceous, obsoletely wrinkled, the apical area
and a central line pale ochraceous, two piceous spots at apex; face
pale brownish-ochraceous, the lateral and apical margins broadly
flavescent, a short central line of the same colour immediately
before clypeus and continued through it ; pronotum and meso-
notum pale brownish-ochraceous, both more or less coarsely
granulose, the granulations to the latter principally arranged on
the lateral margins; mesonotum with a subobsolete central cari-
nation ; teomina with a discal longitudinal piceous fascia on
posterior half, which is irregularly excavate on each side; body
beneath and legs ochraceous ; abdomen more or less suffused with
fuscous ; tibiae somewhat distinctly fuscously bi-annulate.
Length inel. tegm. 9 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
Vertex of head sligbtly shorter and distinctly less acuminate
than in V. prominula, colour-markings also different.
Genus RADHA.
Radha, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 76 (1908).
Type, 2. acuminata, Melich.
Distribution, Ceylon.
Head with eyes about as broad as pronotum ; vertex triangularly
produced in front of eyes, moderately concave, its margins slightly
raised and reflexed; face almost as broad as long, distinctly
forwardly, centrally, laminately produced at base, transversely
depressed before middle, the lateral margins, particularly on
posterior halves, prominently ridged; clypeus ridged at base;
DEVAGAMA. 347
antenn short, inserted just beneath eyes; pronotum short,
depressed before the raised mesonotum, its posterior margin
truncate, its anterior margin convex; mesonotum raised, its
anterior margin suddenly deflected before, the depressed pro-
notum; legs moderately short and robust, posterior tibize not
spined; tegmina short, broad, ampliated posteriorly, costal margin
angularly rounded, apical margin truncate, the principal veins
distinctly raised, a number of less distinct transverse veins on
apical area, the central sutural margins of the tegmina for about
halfway from base broadly reflexed and forming a longitudinal
groove.
1912. Radha acuminata, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 76, t. iii,
f. 6, a (1903).
Ferruginous-brown ; head with the margins of vertex and base
of face piceous; eyes dull ochraceous, thickly speckled with
piceous ; mesonotum a little paler in
hue, its lateral margins and anterior
lateral angles ferruginous - brown ;
sternum and abdomen beneath pale
ochraceous ; a@ prominent spot on
each side of mesosternum, the abdo-
minal segmental margins, and each
lateral area of the anal segment
piceous-black ; coxee ochraceous ;
femora ochraceous, thickly speckled
or suffused with ferruginous-brown,
their apices paler ; tibize more or less
ferruginous-brown ; tegmina dull ochraceous, on apical area much
suffused with fuscous, on basal half with an irregular broad dark
ferruginous-brown fascia, which is posteriorly and upwardly
reflexed into a discal spot, a spot of the same colour at the apices
of the raised sutural margins, and another on each side of base
behind the apex of mesonotum.
Length incl. tegm. 7 millim.
Hah, Ceylon; Nalanda (Mus. Hongrois).
Dr. Horvath has kindly enabled me to examine and figure this
species.
~177.—Radha acuminata.
Genus DEVAGAMA, nov.
Type, D. vana, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head broad, including eyes as wide as pronotum ; vertex quad-
rangular with a transverse ridge before anterior margin, its posterior
margin moderately concave, its lateral margins ridged, and a central
ridge in front of the transverse ridge ; face a little concave at ante-
rior margin, laterally posteriorly a little ampliate and rounded,
centrally carinate, and with a curved discal sublateral carination
348 FULGORID®.
on each side; pronotum with its posterior margin truncate,
anteriorly subtriangularly produced and with a central longi-
tudinal ridge ; mesonotum centrally slightly longer than pronotum
with a central ridge, the margins of both pro- and mesonota
carinate ; abdomen short and robust; legs moderately stout and
long; tegmina placed vertically, strongly ampliated posteriorly,
the apical margin somewhat obliquely truncate with many trans-
verse veins, some of which are obscurely visible ; a distinct series
of short apical veins, which are continued round apex on posterior
edge of costal area.
1913, Devagama rana, sp. n.
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous, head and thorax a little
paler in hue; eyes concolorous ; tegmina very pale ochraceous
with a slight virescent tint,
finely but sparsely speckled
with fuscous, a few of the
discal spots being promi-
nent, the costal membrane
pale bright ochraceous ; teg-
mina a little convex on each
side ; tibize somewhat short,
broad, and longitudinally
suleate; antenne inserted
beneath the eyes, the second
joint short and globose.
Fig. 178.—Devagama rana.
Length incl. tegm. 4 millim.
Hab, “ India” (Brit. Mus.).
The specimen on which this genus and species are founded is
without a precise locality beyond the one given above ; it was
derived from the collection once made by the Entomological
Society of London.
1914. Devagama venosa, sp. n.
Pale brownish-ochraceous ; apices of femora, bases and apices
of anterior and intermediate tibia, and apices of anterior tarsi
castaneous-brown; disk of abdomen beneath castaneous-brown,
the segmental margins piceous ; tegmina with both the longitudinal
veins and the transverse veins on apical area very strongly raised
and prominent, and a few somewhat large but obscure piceous
spots on the apical area; vertex of head with two basal spots
and a curved piceous line ou each side of disk connected trans-
versely a little before apex; pronotum with two transverse narrow
tubercles on disk.
Length incl. tegm. 5 millim.
Hab, Nilgiri Hills (Hampson).
A species to be recognized by the very prominent venation of the
tegmina,
NARAYANA. 349
Genus NARAYANA, nov.
Type, WV. rusticttatis, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head short, broad, including eyes as wide as pronotum ; vertex
broader than long, with a central median line, the anterior margin
a little concave; face large, about as broad as long, slighily
amphately rounded towards clypeus, its margins carinate, its
surface somewhat transversely wrinkled, with a “variously shaped
and more or less developed central discal tubercle, a submarginal
earination on each side truncately connected before anterior
margin and more prominently transversely connected before
clypeus ; eyes globose, very slightly sinuate posteriorly, antenne
inserted beneath them; pronotum short, anteriorly subangularly
produced, posteriorly truncate ; legs moderately short and stout: ;
tegmina vertical, short and broad, costal margin moderately
convex, apical margin wide and obliquely truncate, the longi-
tudinal veins raised and sparsely furnished with small tubercles,
on apical half a number of well-defined transverse veins, inner
margins concavely sinuate, convexly ampliate beyond claval area.
1915. Narayana rusticitatis, sp. n.
Head (including face) and the pronotum dull virescent, the latter
less virescent and more brownish ; mesonotum brownish-yellow
with a very slight virescent tint ; body and legs brownish-
ochraceous sprinkled with fuscous ; teg mina brow nish- ochraceous,
the venation a little darker and tinted with virescent at base ; ;
Fig. 179.—Narayana rusticitatis.
face virescent, the extreme lateral margins black, the disk between
the submarginal carinations palely fuscous, with a central ovate
depressed tuberculosity, from which two diverging carinate lines
proceed anteriorly, above and beneati the aeeoe asl the surface
is strongly transversely wrinkled; vertex medially depressed ;
pronotum obscurely centrally carinate ; tegmina somewhat strongly
depressed at the region of the clavus, on the raised margin behind
which there is a prominent transverse tubercle, the apex of the
inner margin convex, the colour of the tegmina is pale brownish-
ochraceous, much darker on about basal half, especially on its outer
350 FULGORID.E.
margin and at claval area, a number of smal] fuscous tubercles
arranged on the veins; legs strongly suffused or sprinkled with
brownish-ochraceous.
Length incl. tegm. 6 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).
1916. Narayana sellata, Welich. (Hysteropterum) Hom.Faun. Ceylon,
p. 77, t. iii, £ 8 (1903).
Olivaceous-green with piceous or black marks and shadings ;
face with the disk between the submarginal carinations moderately
concavely depressed, thickly sprinkled: with brownish-ochraceous,
the central tuberculosity narrow, longitudinal, the lateral margins
and the carinatiors bright olivaceous, only very slightly trans-
versely wrinkled: eyes piceous; vertex olivaceous; pronotum
posteriorly dull ochraceous and with its lateral margins sparingly
spotted with fuscous ; mesonotum with a large quadrangular basal
transverse ochraceous spot slightly raised and with a distinct
posterior ridge; tegmina virescent, the venation dark olivaceous
shaded with black at inner areas, a small olivaceous tubercle
on convex margin behind clavus, the longitudinal veins sparsely
ornamented with small olivaceous tubercles; legs ochraceous,
sprinkled with umber-brown,
Length incl. tegm. 53 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy (Green).
1917. Narayana piceipennis, sp. n.
Ochraceous ; eyes, suffusions to tegmina, and legs piceous ; face
obscurely granulose, the disk between the sublateral carinations
sprinkled with fuscous-brown, posteriorly before clypeus with two
transverse series of piceous spots, discal tuberculosity practically
obsolete ; clypeus with three longitudinal fuscous-brown fascize ;
vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum pale ochraceous; tegmina shining
piceous with ochraceous suffusions, particularly beneath the costal
area, where the ochraceous coloration almost predominates, there is
also a distinct ochraceous spot on the costal margin where it is
concave, and a very obscure piceous tubercle on basal costal margin
where it is convex ; anterior and intermediate femora and tibix
piceous, the apices of the former and the bases of the latter
ochraceous : posterior legs streaked with piceous.
Length incl. tegm. 53 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy (Green).
1918. Narayana umbrosa, sp. n.
Pale umber-brown, shaded and marked with piceous and piceous-
brown; head with the vertex much shaded with piceous-brown
excepting near apical margin, very concave with the lateral
margins laminately raised on each side above eyes and spotted
with piceous-brown; face thickly mottled with piceous-brown,
the basal margin concave, its lateral angles prominent, with a
SAMANTIGA. 351
distinct central carination becoming evanescent posteriorly, and
practically terminating on a somewhat well- defined transverse
ridge situate a little before clypeus ; clypeus and legs thickly
mottled with piceous-brown ; cox, apices of posterior femora,
basal abdominal segment, two discal spots and posterior margin of
second abdominal segment pale ochraceous, remainder of abdomen
beneath umber-brown, obscurely centrally and laterally piceous-
brown ; pronotum and mesonotum mottled with piceous-brown ;
tegmina umber-brown with a broad irregular transverse piceous
fascia a little beyond base, and the costal area largely suffused
with the same colour, the venation coarsely distinct. and marked
with a few small tubercles, the inner margin very strongly con-
cavely sinuate and beyond the claval area strongly convexly
gibbous.
Length incl. tegm. 65 millim.
Hab. Ni lgiri Hills (Hampson).
Genus SAMANTIGA, nov.
Type, S. abdominalis, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (including eyes) a little wider than pronotum; vertex
transverse, broader than long, the margins strongly ridged, its
disk concave, with a central obsolete carination, base of face seen
in front of vertex ; face a little broader than long, slightly ampliate
posteriorly, with a very distinct central carination, and a narrow
subobsolete linear submarginal carination on each side connected
transversely a little before basal margin ; clypeus non-carinate;
eyes large, slightly sinuate posteriorly before the insertion of the
antenne ; pronotum a little shorter than the mesonotum, anteriorly
subtriangularly produced, its posterior margin truncate ; tegmina
broad, a little ampliated posteriorly, costal margin obliquely straight
to a little before middle, whence it is straightly deflected to apex,
apical margin somewhat convexly truncate, some transverse veins
before middle giving the appearance of a distinet radial area,
a distinct transverse “submarginal vein enclosing a narrow apical
marginal area; legs moderately short and robust, posterior tibize
not spined.
1919. Samantiga abdominalis,
sp. n.
Body, tegmina, and legs pale
“4 ochraceous; abdomen beneath
with a broad central maculate
piceous tascia ; face very finely
andobsoletely granulate; vertex
with a small obscure fuscous
spot on each side; pronotum
with a transverse discal series
of three small tubercles; mesonotum with two larger obscure
Fig. 180.—Samantiga abdominals.
352 FULGORIDE.
tubercles ; tegmina with many very obscure transverse veinlets
which become more infrequent towards base, the longitudinal
veins distinctly raised.
Length incl. tegm. 6 millim.
Hab, Nilgiri Halls (#/ainpson).
Genus SIVALOKA, nov.
Type, S. limacodes, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (including eyes) as wide as pronotum, the vertex a little
broadened at apex, its margins distinctly carinate, the basal margin
of face visible in front of vertex ; face much broader than long,
distinctly centrally carinate, its basal margin slightly concave,
posteriorly concavely excavate before clypeus, which is not per-
ceptibly carinate ; pronotum about as long as mesonotum, its
posterior margin slightly convexly truncate ; legs moderately short
and robust, posterior tibiz not spined ; tegmina placed vertically,
much widened apically, the apical margin truncate, costal margin
cibbous near middle, thence straight to apex, inner margin convexly
dilated at claval area, the disk a little inflated, appearing as a
projection when viewed from above, somewhat prominently trans-
versely veined on about apical two-thirds, a distinct subapical
transverse vein defining a submarginal apical area, which is crossed
by a few longitudinal veins.
1920, Sivaloka limacodes, sp. n.
Vertex of head, pronotum, and mesonotum dull ochraceous ;
face, body beneath, and
legs castaneous, the tibie
and the posterior femora
ochraceous ; abdominal seg-
mental margins beneath
ochraceous ; tegmina shin-
ing ferruginous - brown ;
vertex of head a little
anteriorly suffused with
brown, the margins very
Fig 181.—Stvaloka limacodes. palely distinct ; face with
a medial transverse line
and some very small submarginal spots ochraceous ; clypeus with
its lateral areas a little piceous ; tegmina slightly darker on basal
area, the longitudinal veins distinctly raised ; legs distinetly
sulcate.
Length excel. teem. 7 millim.
Hab, “ India” (Brit. Mus.).
SUDASINA. 353
1921. Sivaloka bipartita, sp. n.
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous ; face pale ochraceous, its
basal margin brownish-ochraceous and with a broad transverse
curved piceous fascia crossing its disk; a piceous spot on each
side of pronotum, and a piceous apical annulation to the anterior
femora; abdomen beneath more or less suffused with piceous :
tegmina with about basal half pale brownish-ochraceous, the
apical half pale castaneous-brown, inwardly margined with piceous,
a piceous claval streak and a few small spots of the same colour on
basal marginal area, costal area at about middle broadly pale
flavescent or subhyaline; pronotum with a transverse series otf
three small tubercles on disk ; mesonotum with a pale raised curved
and broad line between the lateral margins, centrally connected
with the anterior margin by a narrower and only slightly raised
pale line; central carination to face becoming obsolete posteriorly.
Length incl. tegm. 6 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
Genus SUDASINA, noy.
Type, S. testudo, Dist.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) a little wider than pronotum ; vertex a
little widened anteriorly, with two distinct maculate indentations
near base, the margins finely carinate and with a central raised
longitudinal line, the base of face slightly visible in front of vertex,
which gives the latter the appearance of being angularly produced ;
face longer than broad, its basal margin concave, almost perpen-
dicularly straight to clypeus which is placed at right angles to it,
disk of face irregularly subrugulose, very slightly ampliated near
middle; pronotum about as long as mesonotum, its anterior
margin angularly convex, its posterior margin truncate ; tegmina
strongly ampliated towards apices, apical margin convexly truncate,
costal margin very strongly sinuate, its disk a little inflated and,
viewed above, giving the appearance of a lateral protuberance, a
number of transverse veins on about apical two-thirds and a
distinct submarginal apical transverse vein defining a subapical
area, which is crossed by a few longitudinal veins, all the longi-
tudinal veins distinctly raised and somewhat sparsely covered w ith
minute tubercles ; legs mutilated in typical specimen.
1922. Sudasina testudo, sp. n.
Vertex of head, face, clypeus, pronotum, and mesonotum
ochraceous, more or less thickly sprinkled with castaneous ; body
beneath ochraceous, more or less suffused with brownish ; legs
VOL OL. 2A
OOF: FULGORID_E.
mutilated in typical specimen ; tegmina castaneous-brown ; inner
margins of tegmina near base of medial suture bright ochraceous ;
tegmina on apical margin with five small ochraceous spots, the costal
margin minutely speckled with ochraceous and at the concave
Fig. 182.—Sudasina testudo.
sinuation pale ochraceous, longitudinal veins distinctly raised and
sparsely finely tuberculate.
Length incl. tegm. 63 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Pundaluoya (Green, Brit, Mus.).
Genus LUSANDA.
Lusanda, Stal, Berl. ent. Zettschr. iii, p. 822 (1859) ; Melich. Hom.
Faun. Ceylon, p. 73 (1905).
Type, L. fissiceps, Stal.
Distribution. Ceylon.
‘Body compressed; head produced, vertex transverse ; face
strongly produced, conical, its apex fissured ; ocelli none ; pronotum
and mesonotum flat, the latter longer than the former; tegmina
pendent, obliquely subtriangular, at the commisural junction some-
what concave, apex broad, obliquely truncate, coriaceous, sparingly
reticulate ; posterior tibiae with two spines.” (Stal)
1923. Lusanda fissiceps, Stal, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 322 (1859) ;
Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 73, t. ii, f. 5 (1903).
‘“Sordidly pale flavescent suffused with fuscous ;
gene, frontal sinus, and anterior legs fuscous,
minutely irrorated with paler coloration ; anterior
coxse and trochanters white, medial cox with
their bases darkly fuscous; tegmina granulate,
spotted with fuscous.” (Stal)
‘“« Length incl. tegm. scarcely 7 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon.
Fig. 183, _ I have not seen this species and have there-
Dasand fever. 1OTe. copied Stal’s description and reproduced
Melichar’s figure.
TONGA. 009
Genus TONGA.
Cyrene, Westw. Are. Ent. ii, p. 35 (1845) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng.
ly, p. 48 (1886) ; Melich. Wien. ent. Zeit. xx, p. 177 (1901); nom.
preeoce. (Pisces).
Tonga, Kirk. Entomologist, 1900, p. 242, n. nom.
Type, 7. guttulata, Westw., a Sumatran species.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
‘“‘ Body short, stout, abdomen compressed ; head with a conical
long porrect cephalic process, acute at apex, carinate above at the
sides, ridges obliterated before the apex, posteriorly extended to
the pronotum, eyes large, lateral, emarginate beneath, ocelli none ;
antenne small, inserted below the eyes ; pronotum as long as the
inesonotum, disk impressed in the middle with two points ; tegmina
coriaceous, opaque, homogeneous, convex, broad, anterior margin
sinuate, rounded at the apex, posterior angle acute, veins a little
ramose ; legs short, robust, posterior tibize with three spines ; abdo-
men truncated at the apex, ending in two lobes, funished with a
slender erect appendage, concave at the apex.” ( Westwood.)
The above is practicaliy a copy of Westwood’s description, and
is given because I have not seen the only species recorded from
British India, while the shape of the eyes is differently described
in the generic and specific diagnoses.
1924. Tonga westwoodi, Sign. (Cyrene) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1862,
p. 124, t.i, £.5, A, B,C; Atkins. J. A.S. Beng. lv, p. 49 (1886) ;
Melich. (excl. syn.) Wren. ent. Zeit. xx, p. 180 (1901).
** Brownish-yellow ; a whitish-yellow line extends from the tip
of the head to the end of the tegmina, which have several dots of the
fo)
same colour on the disk and are granulate though the whole length,
Fig. 184.— Tonga westwoodi.
so as to have the appearance of being shagreened ; head once and
a half longer than broad (including the eyes), black at the extremity
and with a whitish-yellow median band, a little elevated, sides
carinate ; face concave at the base and grooved, quadricarinate
towards its upper third, the two median ridges reaching the
2a2
356 f£ULGORIDA.
extremity of the head, whereas the two lateral ridges proceed
obliquely upward, contour the head, and lose There es in the
lateral edges of the vertex towards its upper third ; rostrum short,
not extending beyond the posterior coxze; eyes not emarginate,
oval ; pronotum thrice broader than long, rugose, especially
towards the anterior and posterior borders, with an elevated whitish-
yellow band and on each side a sunken spot ; posterior margin
truncated straightly, anterior convex with a strong emargination
below the eyes ; mesonotum triangular and remarkable for a ridge
or rather transverse fold near the anterior margin and very
distinct from it, this fold appears a little below the latter and
extends from one humeral angle to the other and also a little below ;
tegmina concave, shell-shaped, with the posterior angle acute, the
anterior margin convex, rounded, a little concave on reaching the
posterior angle, posterior or sutural margin straight and whitish,
the entire surface shagreened, veins numerous and branched towards
the tip, several whitish dots on the disk ; wings transparent,
hyaline ; abdomen reddish-yellow, compressed ; legs brownish-
yellow ; posterior femora with two lateral spines towards the
extremity.” (Sagnoret.)
Length excl. teem. 14; exp. tegm. 22 millim.
Hab. Burma ? ( fide Atk inson). —Cochin China.
Melichar (supra) has included in the synonymy of this species
the Cyrene fusiformis, Walk., and its synonym Chalepus ancono-
phoroides, Walk., both of which belong to the genus Chalepus and
appertain to the family Cercopide. He also includes the C. obtusata
of Noualhier, which seems clearly to be also a species of Chalepus
or an allied genus.
Genus FLAVINA.
Flavina, Std, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1861, p. 209; Hem. Afr.
p. 206 (1866); Athens. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 44 (1886).
Type, /. granulata, Stal.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head (including ey es) distinctly narrower than the pronotum ;
vertex subquadrate, its margins ridged ; face about one and a half
times as long as broad, a little rounded before clypeus, centrally
carinate, but the carination obliterated before clypeus and with a
subbasal transverse angulated ridge, between which and the basal
margin are two fove ations ; clypeus non-carinate ; pronotum an-
eularly produced behind the vertex, the base truncate ; mesonotum
slightly longer than the pronotum, w ith a central carination, less
than twice as long as broad; legs long, posterior tibize w ith five
spines; tegmina a little longer | than the abdomen, the costal
margin slightly convex, the radial vein bifurcate near base, the
upper longitudinal vein bifurcate near apex, the second longi-
tudinal vein bifurcate before middle, the two latter united before
middle by a distinct transverse veinlet ; longitudinal veins
prominent, and between them a number of obscure veinlets, thus
rendering the whole surface faintly reticulate.
or
FELAVINA. Os
1925. Flavina granulata, St@, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Firh. 1861, p. 212;
Atkins, J. A. S. Beng. \v, p. 45 (1886).
Pale dull yellowish-testaceous, above with a slight dull virescent
tint; anterior angles of
vertex and basal angles of
face piceous ; face with the
lateral margins minutely
spotted with pale ochra-
ceous; pronotum granu-
late, especially on lateral
margins and __ posterior
area; mesonotum with a
central carination, on each
side of which is an oblique,
elongate, foveate, tuber-
cular line; tegmina with
the basal halves of inner
margins on each side of
longitudinal suture closely
and prominently spotted
with black, other distinct
black speckles or spots are
found principally on the
Fig. 185.—Flavina granulata, outer and inner longitu-
i dinal veins; medial and
apical annulations to anterior and intermediate femora, subbasal
annulations and apical areas of anterior tibiw, and streaks to
posterior femora fuscous-brown.
Length incl. tegm. 7 to 8 millim.
Hab. * India” (Brit. Mus.); Mussooree (Mackinnon).
I have not seen the type of this species, but think I have
correctiy identified it.
1926. Flavina? striata, sp. n.
Dull ochraceous with a strong virescent tint; vertex with the
margins ridged and with a distinct central carination ; face with
the carinations very distinct, a piceous spot on each side of the
central carination immediately beneath the fusion of the sublateral
earine, both the sublateral and central carine have a central
piceous line which renders them duplex in appearance ; pronotum
crossed by a number of longitudinal granulose striations ; meso-
notum with the central carination distinct and with a brownish
raised carinate line on each lateral area ; tegmina with the veins
prominent, for the most part fuscous, and here and there orna-
mented with small piceous spots ; posterior tibize with three spines.
Length incl. tegm. 5 milim.
Hab, Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
I have included this species, for the present, in the genus
Flavina, despite the posterior tibiw possessing only three spines
858 FULGORID &.
and some very minor points of difference in the venation of the
tegmina ; in other characters the species is congeneric, and apart
from the spines on the posterior tibiz may at once be separated
from F. granulata by the longitudinally striate pronotum.
Genus NILALOHITA.
Type, WV. curculioides, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Head (including eyes) distinctly narrower than pronotum, vertex
subquadrate, its margins ridged; face about twice as long as
broad, its base strongly angularly emarginate, a little amphately
rounded before clypeus, centrally carinate, the carination becoming
evanescent before its apex, and with a subbasal transverse an-
culated ridge ; clypeus large and broad, non-carinate ; pronotum
anteriorly angularly produced behind vertex, its posterior margin
truncate ; mesonotum slightly longer than pronotum (the question
as to a central carination undeterminable, owing to the typical
specimen being pinned at that section) ; legs long, posterior tibi
with five spines; tegmina a little longer than the abdomen, about
twice as long as broad, the costal margin straight or somewhat
concavely sinuate, radial vein bifureating at a short distance from
base, upper longitudinal vein bifurcating near apex, between the
longitudinal veins which are prominent are situate a number of
irregular veinlets which give the tegmina a reticulate character.
The Issus lineatus, Walk., from Borneo, is included in this
genus.
927. Nilalohita curculioides, sp. n.
Brownish-ochraceous ; vertex to head with the ridges (especially
the lateral ones) somewhat
strongly prominent, its disk
transversely striate; face and
clypeus smooth, shining black,
their margins ochraceous (dis-
continuous on clypeus); pos-
terior femora, apical areas of
anterior and intermediate
femora, basal annulations and
apical areas of anterior and in-
termediate tibize,and suffusions
to abdomen beneath pale cas-
taneous ; tegmina reticulately
subcoriaceous, with a_ few
scattered piceous spots, base
of costal area and the trans-
verse reticulate veinlets pale
Fig. 186.—Ni/alohita curculioides. ochraceous; pronotum coarsely
: granulate in each basal lateral
area, its lateral margins very finely spotted with fuscous; the
HEMISPH ZRIUS. 359
spines to posterior tibize long and concolorous ; tibize prominently
longitudinally sulcate.
Length incl. tegm. 11 millim.
Hab. Burma; Ruby Mines (Doherty).
Genus HEMISPHARIUS.
Hemispheerius, Schawm, in Ersch § Gruber Allg. Enc. Wissensch.
Kiinste, i, p.71 (1850); Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 203 (1866) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 44 (1886); Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p- 74 (1905).
Type, H. coccinelloides, Burm., from the Philippines.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Apical joint of rostrum longer than thick, oval, oblong, or
elongate ; tegmina entirely convex, distinctly or obsoletely veined,
sometimes the venation is apparently absent ; clavus and corium
connate, no claval suture; body depressed ; vertex narrower than
eyes or subequal in breadth ; pronotum truncate at base, sinuate
behind the eyes, the sides behind the eyes hardly visible from
above; posterior tibiz bispinose ; anterior femora simple.
These insects have a strong superficial resemblance to the
Coccinellide, or ‘“‘lady-bird” beetles. It is probably owing to
the well-known variation existing in some of the species of those
Coleoptera, that a similar amount of variability has been suspected
in these Homoptera. Ido not think this exists in anything like
the extent predicated by some writers, and in most cases, where I
have been able to examine a fair series of specimens, a usual
amount of specific constancy is observable.
A. Face unicolorous, without longitudinal fascic.
1928. Hemispherius rufovarius, Walk. List Hom. Suppl. p. 9
(1858) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 44 (1886).
Head (including face), pronotum, and mesonotum testaceous ;
two spots at base of face (seen from above in front of vertex),
pronotum (excluding a central
fascia), central fascia, and a large
oblique spot in each lateral angle
to mesonotum pale ochraceous ;
tegmina very dark ochraceous, the
lateral margins from a little beyond
base broadly flavescent ; clypeus
black ; body beneath and legs
apparently ochraceous, but im-
Fig. 187. perfectly seen, owing to the typical
Hemispherius rufovarius. specimen being in a carded con-
dition; tegmina finely granulose,
much more obsoletely so on flavescent margin ; eyes fuscous, their
360 FULGORID A.
inner margins ochraceous; mesonotum somewhat obscurely
wrinkled, its central’ fascia moderately ridged.
Length incl. tegm. 45 millim.*
Hab. Burma (Brit. Mus.).
1929. Hemispherius testaceus, sp. n.
Testaceous-red; vertex of head with the anterior margin
virescent ; face testaceous-red, its apical margin ochraceous or
virescent ; clypeus black; pronotum with transverse virescent
spots; mesonotum with a central fascia and the basal lateral
angles virescent; tegmina testaceous, their inner, apical, and
costal margins somewhat broadly ochraceous with a virescent tint,
their surface finely granulose ; body beneath and legs ochraceous
with a virescent tint, posterior femora streaked with piceous.
Var. Tegmina with a short curved virescent fascia near hase of
costal area.
Length incl. tegm. 43 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
1930. Hemispherius virescens, sp. n.
Pale virescent ; head, pronotum, and mesonotum with an
ochraceous or very pale testaceous tint; vertex of head with the
anterior margin dark virescent ; face unicolorous, clypeus black ;
pronotum with transverse dark virescent spots ; mesonotum with
a central fascia and the basal angles dark virescent ; tegmina pale
virescent, unicolorous, finely granulose; body beneath and legs
ereenish-ochraceous, the tarsi piceous; inner margins of eyes
beneath piceous.
Length incl. tegm. 5 millim.
Hab, Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
This species, save in its distinct coloration, is allied to the
preceding species H. testaceus. It is, however, larger, and there
is nothing to denote that such diverse forms, of which I possess
a series of each, can, or should, be considered conspecific.
1931. Hemispherius secundus, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 75
(1903).
Body, legs, and tegmina pale virescent; eyes brownish; a
lateral, linear, marginal spot on each side of face before clypeus,
a spot on each side of mesosternum, apical margin of clypeus, bases
of anterior femora, and a spot at apices of all the femora black ;
vertex of head with its lateral margins rather tuberculously ridged ;
face practically concolorous, its extreme lateral margins slightly
5
more intensely virescent ; apical lateral areas of clypeus a little
_* Walker has given the dimensions of the species as ‘‘ Length of the body
1} line; of the wings 4 lines”; this is quite inapplicable to the type specimen.
HEMISPH-ERIUS. 361
brownish; pronotum with a distinct central carination; meso-
notum faintly transversely striate, with a short prominent
longitudinal carination on each side of disk; tegmina very finely
eranulose.
Length incl. teem. 5 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Anuradhapura, Mihintale (Aus. Hongrois).
Dr. Horvith, of Budapest, has kindly enabled me to see a
cotype of this species.
B. Lace with a medial ved fascia.
1932. Hemispherius schaumi, S¢d/, Ofv. Vet.--Ak. Forh. 1855, p. 191;
Melich. (excl. syn.) Hom. Faun, Ceylon, p. 74 (1903).
“ Sordidly flavescent ; face flavo-virescent, with a medial red
fascia: hemelytra sordidly subhyaline, the anterior costal margin
black, a small spot at base of suture, and two submedian sub-
curved oblique flavous lines.”? (Sté/.)
A very variable species in coloration, the ground-colour of the
tegmina (excluding margins) dull ochraceous or frequently black,
the margins, however, and the oblique line and spots always pale
virescent ; ; anterior margin of mesonotum black; anterior tibice
more or less spotted and streaked with piceous ; face with a single
central red fascia.
Length incl. tegm. 5 to 6 millim.
Hab, Ceylon; Maskeliya (Green).
1933. Hemispherius nilgiriensis, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, body beneath and legs pale
ochraceous ; head with the disk of vertex testaceous and with a
few black dots, sometimes wholly black; face somewhat narrow,
with a very broad central longitudinal red fascia; clypeus with
two red ae mesonotum testaceous, with three large pale
ochraceous spots ; hemelytra flavescent, the venation close, promi-
nent, somewhat reticulate, a moderately broad sublateral fascia
terminating at a little before apex on inner margin, a broader
central transverse fascia, from which there posteriorly biturcates a
short oblique fascia to suture, black ; body beneath speckled with
fuscous, legs more or less stre aked with piceous or black.
Length incl. tegm. + millim.
rae Nilgiri Hills (Hampson). Utakamand (Atkins. Coll., Brit.
Mus.).
1934. Hemispherius reticulatus, sp. n.
Pale ochraceous, varying in depth of tint ; head with the vertex
pale testaceous, with a few piceous spots; face with a central
fascia and the lateral margins testaceous ; clypeus with two longi-
tudinal fasciz testaceous ; pronotum with the margins black,
sometimes wholly of that colour ; tegmina with the venation very
362 FULGORID®.
dense and somewhat closely reticulate ; legs more or less streaked
with piceous or black, bases of the anterior and intermediate
tibiee black ; posterior tibiz with two black spines.
Length incl. tegm. 43 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills (Hampson). Utakamand and Kotagin
(Atkins. Coll., Brit. Mus.).
The closely reticulate venation of the tegmina is a distinctive
character of this species.
1935. Hemispherius elongatus, sp. n.
Very pale flavescent ; vertex of head with the disk piceous ;
face with a central red longitudinal fascia; tegmina with about
posterior third tawny-grey inwardly margined with umber- brown,
an oblique piceous fascia commencing near apical angle of meso-
notum and terminating on costal margin at commencement of the
tawny-grey area, claval area tinted with tawny-brown, and a
costal submarginal piceous line which does not extend to base ;
body beneath more or less suffused with fuscous; vertex of head
very strongly foveately excavate ; body elongate.
Length incl. tegm. 5 millim.
Hab. Utakamand (Atkins. Coll., Brit. Mus.).
C. Face with two longitudinal red fascie.
1936. Hemispherius bipustulatus, Walk. List Hom. Suppl. p. 95
(1858).
Hemispherius schaumi, Melich. (part.) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 74
(1903).
Head (including face), pronotum, and mesonotum pale ochra-
ceous ; face with two sublateral red fasciee ; tegmina very dark
ochraceous, their posterior lateral margins very broadly palely
flavescent, their anterior lateral margins with two black marginal
lines ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, tegmina finely granulose.
Vertex a little narrower and face narrower at base and more
distinctly ampliated near middle than in H. schaumi; markings ot
the hemelytra and face also distinctive.
Length incl. teem. 5 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Cumming, Brit. Mus.).
1937. Hemispherius dubius, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xvi, p. 97, t. iv,
f. 17 (1875).
Hemisphierius schaumi, Melich. (part.) Hom, Faun. Ceylon, p. 74
(1903).
Allied to H. bipustulatus, but with face a little broader between
eyes, and the granulosity of the tegminal surface much more
HEMISPH £ZRIUS. 363
pronounced ; in colour principally differing by the presence of a
very large and broad oblique black fascia commencing on each
tegmen at base of suture, curved at their apices and terminating a
little beyond middle of disk and a little before costal margin, an
irregular black spot on each side of suture before middle and a
smaller spot before apex.
Length incl. tegm. 53 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Ramboddo (Mietner, Brit, Mus.).
D. Face with two linear black fascie.
1938. Hemispherius herbaceus, Kirby, J. Linn. Sov., Zool. xxiv,
p. 147 (1891).
Hemispherius schaumi, Melich. (part.) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p.74
(1903).
‘Green, finely punctured ; face with two parallel black lines,
widest in the middle, and separated by a yellowish stripe ; tegmina
ereen, finely punctured, slightly transparent and reticulated, base
of costa with two parallel rufous-brown lines, and a very narrow
yellowish edging continued round the rest of the tegmina, except
on the inner margin; pectus, pleura, and abdomen with black
stripes, those on the abdomen transverse ; legs green, lined with
black ; tarsi testaceous, claws black.” (Kzrby.)
Length incl. tegm. 54 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Pundaluoya (Green).
I have copied Mr. Kirby’s description, which adequately
diagnoses the species. He also remarks :—“* The black stripes on
the face distinguish this species from any other known from
Ceylon.” Dr. Melichar has placed it-as a variety of H. schaumi,
but it differs from that species not only by the differently coloured,
but between eyes narrower face, differently marked tegmina, &c.
1939. Hemispherius venosus, sp. n.
Ochraceous, tegmina and legs marked with piceous ; eyes pale
ochraceous ; face somewhat narrow, especially between the eyes,
its lateral margins flavescent, sublateral margins black, central
fascia red, its disk finely transversely striate; clypeus red, its
lateral margins black, its margins at base flavescent ; legs more or
less streaked with piceous; tegmina with the veins reticulate,
prominent, and very distinct, a broad curved piceous fascia crossing
basal area, widest at inner and narrowest at costal margin, at about
middle it is connected with posterior margin by a short and
straight fascia, thus enclosing an ochraceous spot, on apical area
some irregular piceous shadings which are mostly linear, at bases
the tegmina are distinctly strongly impressed.
oO
364 FULGORIDE.
Var. Tegmina only exhibiting faint and narrow traces of the
piceous fasciee.
Length incl. tegm. 53 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; ; Myitta (Doherty).
The principal structural character distinguishing this species is
ound in the prominent venation of the tegmina.
Genus HEMISPHA:ROIDES.
Hemispheeroides, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 75 (1903).
Type, H. wneoniger, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
“ Semicircular, similar to //emisphewrius, but with the face not
separated from the vertex but passing gradually into its surface,
which is arched, vertical, narrowed between the eyes, expanded
below to clypeus and perfectly smooth : clypeus broadly triangular,
placed horizontally and at right angle to surface of face; eyes
very flat; pronotum very narrow, band-like, broadest in the
middle and greatly narrowed at the sides; mesonotum large, tri-
angularly convex, not keeled; tegmina semicircular, strongly
arched ; posterior tibiz with two spines.” (JMelichar.)
1940. Hemispheroides zneoniger, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 75 (1903).
Piceous, shining ; a central fasci-
ate line to mesonotum, continued
for a short distance along sutural
mareins of tegmina, pale castaneous-
brow n; eyes dull pale ochraceous ;
| posterior margin of pronotum
narrowly pale castaneous- brown ;
body beneath and legs (indistinctly
Fig. 188. seen in carded specimen) more or
Heinispheroides enconiger. less ochraceous ; tegmina very finely
granulose ; face unicolorous.
Length incl. tegm. 4 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Nalanda (Mus. Hongrois).
I have figured and described a cotype kindly forwarded to me
by Dr. Horvath, of Budapest.
1941, Hemispheroides lineatus, Welich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 76
(1903).
Head and face reddish-ochraceous, smooth, shining, posterior
margin of the latter black; clypeus very pale ochraceous; eyes
very pale ochraceous, more or less suffused with piceous ; pronotum
reddish-ochraceous ; mesonotum black, with a pale ochraceous
central longitudinal fascia ; tegmina black, with the following pale
PYERILIA. 365
ochraceous markings—narrow costal marginal and submarginal
fasciz, three discal tascize emerging from a common stem at base,
the central one apicaliy forked, not extending beyond commence-
ment of apical area, the innermost terminating at about centre of
sutural margin ; tegmina very finely granulose.
Length incl. tegm. 4 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Nalanda (Mus. Hongrots).
Genus PTERILIA.
Pterilia, Sta, Berl. ent. Zettschr. ii, p. 322 (1859) ; Melich. Hom.
Faun, Ceylon, p. 80 (1905).
Type, P. ceylonensis, Stal.
Distribution, Ceylon.
Body ovate, transverse ; head (including eyes) a little narrower
than pronotum, vertex slightly prominent in front of eyes, trans-
verse, on each side subcarinately elevated; face oval, base pro-
foundly sinuate with three central longitudinal carinations, the
two lateral carinations curved inwardly, strongly posteriorly and
less strongly anteriorly, the central carination acute: clypeus
convex; pronotum transverse, posteriorly sinuately truncate,
anteriorly angularly produced between the eyes; mesonotum about
as long as the pronotum; tegmina broad, moderately obliquely
deflected, ampliate, broader than the abdomen, subcoriaceous,
venation somewhat coarse and reticulate, the costal membrane
narrow at basal area, more or less excavately sinuate, its apex
obtusely angulately produced ; posterior tibize with two spines.
1942. Pterilia ceylonensis, Sta, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 322 (1859) ;
Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 81, t. iii, f. 4, a (1903).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and
tegmina olivaceous - brown; body
beneath and legs pale testaceous-
brown ; vertex of head with the
lateral areas piceous ; face pale oliva-
ceous, the central carination per-
current but less developed behind
middle, the areas between the sub-
lateral carinations and the outer edges
sprinkled with piceous; clypeus with
Fi8G.—=Prorilva eenlonensis. its whole central area piceous ; legs
, annulated with piceous ; tegmina with
the costal margin much angularly excavate, the costal membrane
subhyaline with the transverse veins olivaceous-brown, the disk
with the basal area greenish, the remaining area more or less
testaceous-brown, but with all the veins olivaceous-green.
Length incl. tegm. 10 to 12 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy (Green).
366 FULGORIDA.
1943. Pterilia signata, sp. n.
Closely resembling P. ceylonensis, but differing in the following
characters :—The margin of the costal membrane is considerably
less angularly excavate; the central carination to face almost
obsolete behind middle; tegmina (excluding costal membrane)
concolorous, with some small but prominent black spots, of which
the principal are three pairs arranged on each side of the median
suture, and three more spots placed wide apart but in longitudinal
series on the disk of each tegmen; legs annulated with piceous,
the posterior femora nearly wholly piceous.
Length incl. tegm. 10 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy and Galagedara (Green).
1944. Pterilia piceata, sp. n.
Head with the vertex olivaceous, the anterior margin narrowly
and the lateral areas broadly piceous ; face much sprinkled and
mottled with piceous, the carinations piceous, the central carination
pereurrent but less developed behind middle ; clypeus piceous, its
lateral margins ochraceous ; pronotum and mesonotum piceous ;
legs piceous, slightly mottled at parts with ochraceous; tegmina
piceous, an obscure costal spot before middle and a large elongate
costal spot behind middle, which almost reaches apex, ochraceous,
costal membrane hyaline with the transverse veins piceous, the
venation of the tegmina is wholly piceous except on the posterior
ochraceous costal spot, where it is virescent ; the lateral elevations
of the vertex of head are very prominent and subacute.
Length incl. tegm. 11 millim.
Hab, Ceylon; Kandy (Green).
Genus PTERYGOMA.
Pterygoma, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 81 (1903).
Type, P. nasuta, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
“Very like Prerilia, but distinguished from that genus by the
front of the head, which is drawn out at an acute angle, before its
apex there is an angularly broken or interrupted transverse ridge,
a similar ridge at back of neck with the corners directed forward ;
the front angles of face are not produced into a point as in
Pterila; at base of mesonotum there is a transverse keel con-
necting the short lateral keels together ; tegmina as in Pterilia,
but the callosities in clavus absent; posterior tibiae with two
spines.” (Melichar.)
1945, Pterygoma nasuta, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 81, t. iii,
f, 7 (1903).
‘“ Dirty greenish-brown irregularly spotted with black, upper
part of vertex as well as underside of projection of face thickly
PTERYGOMA. 367
sprinkled with black, becoming almost unicolorous black, on sides
of face the black sprinklings coalesce into larger
spots ; a large black spot on each side of meso-
notum ; tegmina greenish-brown, veins brown to
black, oa in places filled up with reddish-
brown, the costal membrane hyaline, traversed
by simple or in places forked veins, which as well
as the costal margin itself are set with erect
greenish hairs, similar erect bristles are also
Fig. 190. visible on the head; wings black, thickly irregu-
Pterygoma nasuta. larly reticulate; legs spotted and striped with
black.” (Melichar.)
Length, ¢, 11 millim.
Hab. Ceylon.
I have not seen this species, and can only reproduce
Dr. Melichar’s description and figure.
1946, Gen.? pectinipennis, Guér. (Issus) Voy. Bélang. Ind. Orient.
p. 475 (1854) ; gs Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. viii, p. 847 (1839) ;
Atkins. (Issus ?) J. .A. S. Beng. lv, p. 47 (1886).
“« Tuteous, spotted with black; head transverse, anteriorly tri-
spinose, one obtuse point in fareoratt of each eye and one forming a
prolongation of the vertex; tegmina anteriorly dilated, lutecus or
ochraceous-yellow, with some small tubercles and short transverse
streaks black ; wings brunneous; body beneath yellow variegated
with black; legs flavescent; the anterior margin of the tegmina
iS spinose, it comprises a limbus outside the radius as broad as the
external flap of the wing, about half a line, transparent, vitriform
or like an exceedingly fine plate of tale, furnished throughout with
oblique veins (parallel to each other) contrasting in colour and
substance with that of the limbus itself ; these veins when the
limbus is injured stand out like the teeth of a comb and givea
peculiar appearance to the insect; the face is ascending, and is
divided from the base to the upper margin into three facettes
which form between them obtuse angles; the median increases
from below upwards and reaches the vertex, and is divided by a
longitudinal ridge which descends from above and loses itself
towards the middle of the face; the two interior facettes rise a
little higher than the median, but without converging above it,
they bend outwards and in an acute and prominent point above
the eyes; vertex broader than long, concave, margins gently
raised, anterior bisinuate, posterior weakly emarginate ; median
lobe of pronotum broad, rounded.” (Spinola.)
Length 10 ; exp. tegm. 23 millim.
Hab. Bengal.
I have not seen this species.
365 FULGORID&.
Genus EGROPA.
Eeropa, Melich. Hom. Faun, Ceylon, p. 82 (1903).
Type, H. inusta, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
‘“‘ Vertex of head twice as broad as long, not passing the eyes,
broadly rounded in front and divided by a sharp keel from base of
face, posterior margin straight, lateral margins short, diverging in
front ; eyes semicircular, prominent ; face rhomboidal, at clypeus
half as broad as base, the lateral margins slightly curved inward,
disk of face consisting of two planes inclined toward each other,
the upper disk almost vertical and compressed in a semicircular
arch, the lower disk almost horizontal, on a side view there is a
distinct prominence at the middle of the upper facial margin ;
clypeus broad and shortly triangular ; rostrum extending to middle
coxee ; antennée passing eyes, basal joint very short, second joint
nearly three times as long as_ broad, cylindrical; pronotum rather
longer than vertex, broader than head, anteriorly broadly rounded,
posteriorly straight, at lateral margins obliquely truncated, disk
arched with a shallow transverse depre ession ; mesonotum one-
third longer than pronotum, sharply triangular, above flat or
slightly arched ; tegmina like parchment, transversely arched and
owing to the costal margin being slightly impressed at base and
laminately overlapping inwardly is slightly directed downward,
the tegmina are also rounded apically, veins in corium very indis-
tinct ; legs short and strong, posterior tibie unarmed.” (M/elichar).
Dr. Melichar has placed this genus at the end of the /ssinw, and
states that it belongs to the “ “Subtrib. Tettigometrini,” to which,
however, no reference is given.
1947, Egropa inusta, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 82, t. iii, f. 13
(1903).
“Body olive-green; tegmina very finely sprinkled with red
7 &
Fig. 191.—Egropa inusta.
dots and speckles, giving them an appearance of being coloured
reddish-brown: front margin of vertex darker and behind it
RICANIINA. 369
extremely narrowly impressed, so that the margin of the face
appears somewhat raised; face dirty green to brownish to above
the protuberance, beneath pale green, both the zones sharply
defined ; antenne yellowish-brown; eyes brown; tegmina finely
wrinkled and punctured, provided with an indistinct pale transverse
band situate a little beyond middle, and margined with a reddish
line on each side, a rather paler spot with red speckles near base ;
wings smoky brow n, traversed by dark veins; abdomen olive-
green ; legs greenish-yellow or dirty: brownish-yellow, apices of
spines to posterior tibiz rusty-brown.” (Melichar.)
“Length 5; breadth of tegm. 21 millim.”
Hab, Ceylon ; Peradeniya (fide Melichar).
TI have not seen this species.
Subfamily X. RICANIINZ.
Ricaniida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 131 & 219 (1866),
Aicanlina, Stal, Ofc. Vet Ak. Forh, 1870, p. 764; Atkins. J, A. S
Beng. ly, p. 49 (1886).
Ricaniidee, Melich. Monogr. Ann. Hofmus. Ween, xiii, p. 197 (1898)
id. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 83 (1903).
Head broad or very broad, sometimes a little narrower than the
pronotum ; lateral margins of clypeus frequently not ridged ;
pronotum posteriorly roundly sinuate, either without carinations
or with only a central one; mesonotum very large and long ;
tegmina flat, more or less ample, costal area dilated, costal mem-
brane transversely veined or reticulated; posterior tibie spinose,
basal joint of posterior tarsi somewhat short.
Dr. Melichar has monographed the Ricaniine, and has thus
considerably aided our study of the subfamily ; he, however, had
not examined Walker’s types, and has surcharged his synonymy
with many distinct species described by that writer. Stal in 1862
examined Walker’s types and published an excellent criticism on
them, which was by, some regarded as extreme; Melichar, how-
ever, without the opportunity of seeing those types, has gone
farther, and in many cases too far.
Division RICANIINARIA.,
Ricanini, Melich, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 204 (1898).
Face broader than long, or as broad as long; sides of clypeus
not ridged.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Longitudinal venation to tegmina somewhat
dense, the veins placed close together.
a. Apical margin of tegmina longer than inner
UNDE OLIN fh nee, an ctoy veh - ie, hors al Pea at gE Pocuazta,’p. 370,
VOL. III. 2B
370 FULGORID.
b. Apical margin of tegmina about as long as
IMMER MATE oc peoye chia ble eerie Joes IMICANTA, Hono:
c. Apical margin of tegmina much shorter than
IMMER IMAroIN | Vans ere- a. eee erecta PRIVESA, p. 386.
B. Longitudinal venation to tegmina less dense
than in sect. A, the veins moderately well
separated. [p. 382.
a. Four veins emitted from basal cell of tegmina. RicANoprera,
b. Three veins emitted from basal cell of tegmina. Euricanta, p. 385.
Genus POCHAZIA.
Pochazia, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 528 (1848); Stal, Rio Jan. Hem.
il, p. 70 (1858) ; Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wren, xiii, p. 206 (1898).
Type, P. fasciata, Fabr., an Ethiopian species.
Distribution. East Palearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental, and Malayan
Regions.
Head (including eyes) as wide as pronotum, vertex broad and
narrow ; face broader than long, with central and sublateral cari-
nations, which frequently become evanescent posteriorly; clypeus
not marginally ridged ; pronotum narrow, centrally ridged ; meso-
notum very long, with five carinate lines, the central one straight,
on each side of which is an inwardly and anteriorly curved line
which converge somewhat closely together on anterior margin, and
each outwardly bifurcating near middle in a straight longitudinal
carination to, or near, anterior margin ; tegmina strongly ampliated
apically, broad, triangular, the apical longer than the inner margin,
the longitudinal veins much furcate, two transverse lines formed
by transverse veins on apical areas where the veins are close,
numerous, longitudinal, and in many cases furcate, the interior
longitudinal vein emitting many ramifications; posterior tibie
with two spines.
A. Teqmina and wings with pale medial transverse fascie,
1948. Pochazia interrupta, Walk. List Hom. ii, p. 428 (1851), nec
J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 91 (1856) ; Stal (Ricania), Ofv. Vet.-
Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 491; Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. lv, p. 56 (1886) ;
Melich. (excl. syn.) (Pochazia) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 210,
nec fig. (1898).
Body piceous-black ; base of abdomen and legs more or less
piceous-brown ; tegmina piceous-brown, centrally crossed by a
broad oblique white fascia, which extends from the inner margin
for about three-fourths across tegmen and is then between its apex
and the costal margin followed by a subquadrangular white spot,
on extreme apical margin are some very minute and _ scarcely
noticeable pale spots which extend for about one-third the length
from posterior angle, two dark transverse lines formed by trans-
verse veins on apical area, the innermost very irregular, and a
POCHAZIA. all
similar short curved discal line; posterior wings with a broad
obliquely transverse white fascia near middle ; pronotum with its
margins ridged and with a central carination ; mesonotum with five
carinations, one central and pereurrent and two discal and curved,
the latter at about middle connected with anterior margin by a
straight carinate line (these carinations are imperfectly shown in
the figure) ; face with a central percurrent carination, and with a
Fig. 192.— Pochazia interrupta.
short anterior sublateral carinate line on each side; posterior
tibie with two strong spines; tegmina with the apical margin
almost obliquely straight, apex not produced.
Length excl. tegm. 73 to 8; exp. tegm. 13 to 15 millim.
Hab. Malabar (Brit. Mus.).—Siamese Malay States (Annandale
& Robinson).
Dr. Melichar (supra) has included the Celebesian P. inclyta,
Walk., as a synonym of this species. This is incorrect; the
Celebesian insect, apart from its different markings, may be dis-
tinguished by the distinct falcate apices of the tegmina, a character
long since pointed out by Wallace as appertaining to Celebesian
Rhopalocera. Melichar’s figure also does not apply to Walker’s
typical form of the species.
1949. Pochazia confusa, sp. n.
Pochazia interrupta, Melich. (nee Walk.) Ann. Hofmus. Wien,
xiii, t. ix, f. 15 (1898). .
Body above and beneath piceous-black; legs piceous-brown,
tibie a little paler; tegmina piceous-brown with the following
white markings—a broad transverse fascia just beyond middle of
tegmen commencing on inner margin and terminating at about
one-fourth of its length from costal margin, above which and
usually distinctly separated is a subtriangular spot also not reach-
ing costal margin and preceded by a very small costal spot, and
three or four elongate widely-separated spots on apical margin ;
wings piceous-brown with a broad central oblique transverse
white fascia ; mesonotum with five carinations, one central and
percurrent, with an oblique discal carination on each side not
reaching posterior margin, its apex straightly connected with the
anterior margin; pronotum distinctly centrally carinate ; face with
2B2
Sie FULGORID.
the central carination short, scarcely reaching middle; tegmina
with the apical margins obliquely straight.
Var. Body and legs umber-brown ; face with a large central
piceous spot. al
Length excl. tegm. 9; exp. tegm. 34 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Doherty). Burma; Karen Hills
(Doherty).—Japan (Brit. Mus.)
The Japanese form constitutes the variety above described.
1950. Pochazia angulata, Kirby (Ricania), J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv,
p. 152 (1891); Melich. (Pochazia) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii,
p- 211 (1898) ; zd. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 83 (1908).
Head and thorax piceous-black, abdomen piceous-brown, legs
testaceous ; tegmina piceous-brown, crossed beyond middle by an
oblique strongly angulated white fascia commencing near inner
margin, very strongly angulated at a little beyond middle and then
narrowly continued towards but not reaching apex, a transversely
elongate, subangulate white spot on costal margin at about two-
thirds from base; wings piceous-brown with a subangulate trans-
verse white fascia extending across disk for about three-fourths
from costal towards anal margin; face with a very fine central
carination becoming evanescent posteriorly, and with very indistinct
short sublateral carinations ; mesonotum very elongate, the carina-
tions as in preceding species; tegmina with the costal margin
strongly convex on basal area, thence distinctly concave before
apex, apical margin nearly obliquely straight, apex a little con-
vexly angulate.
Length excl. tegm. 8; exp. tegm. 24 to 28 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Pundaluoya and Peradeniya (Green).
B. Legmina and wings without medial transverse fascie ; tegnina
usually more or less palely maculate, sometimes with only a pale
spot on costal margin.
1951. Pochazia fuscata, Fabr. (Cicada) Ent. Syst. iv, p. 28 (1794):
id. (Flata) Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 518 (1798); Stal (Ricania,
Pochazia), Hem. Fabr. 1, p. 104 (1879); Atkins. (Ricania) JJ.
A. S. Beng. lv, p. 53 (1886).
Peeciloptera antica, Westw. Griff. An. Kingd., Ins. ii, p. 260,
t. xe, f. 4, t. exxxviii, f. 4 (1832).
Ricania obscura, Guér. Voy. Bélang. Ind. Orient., Zool. p. 466
(1834); zd. (Euryptera) tom. cit., Atlas, t. 11, f. 6 (1854); Stal
(Pochazia), Ofv. Vet.--Ah. Forh, 1865, p. 160; Melich. (nec Fabr.)
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, 1898, p. 212; Matsum. (nee Fabr.) Ent.
Nachr. xxvi. p. 211 (1900).
Head, face, and thorax above piceous-black ; abdomen and legs
testaceous, the latter paler ; tegmina piceous-brown, with a pale
flavescent elongate spot on costal margin at about two-thirds from
base, sometimes the apical margin for about three-fourths of its
POCHAZIA, one
length from posterior angle towards apex narrowly pale flavescent
divided by the dark veins ; wings piceous-brown, unicolorous.
Fig. 193.—Pochazia fuscata.
Var. Tegmina unicolorous and with a dark olivaceous tint.
Mesonotum carinated as in the preceding species; face with a
distinet central carination, the short sublateral carine obsolete.
Length excl. tegm. 8 to 10; exp. tegm. 32 to 39 millim.
Hab. Tranquebar, Madras (Coll. Dist.). Burma; Karen Hills
(Doherty). Tavoy (Coll. Dist.). Hsipaw (de Wicéville). Tenas-
serim; Myitta (Doherty).—Malay Peninsula. Sumatra, Borneo.
Melichar, followed by Matsumura, has confused the synonymy
of this species. It was carefully described by Stal in his ‘ Hemi-
ptera Fabriciana,’ who added as a synonyin his Pochazia obscura=
Ricania obscura, Guér. As Guérin figured his species, there is no
great problem in identification. As regards the obscura, Fabr.,
under which name Melichar has enumerated the species, Stil has
also (supra) described the type, which was from Amboina, and
gives this character for the tegmina: ‘ante medium et medio
pallido conspersis et transversim pallido-lineolatis, fascia angusta
Inequali pone medium sita membranaque costz obscurius fuscis,
margine hujas imo pallido, lineola transversa obliqua pone medium
marginis costalis albidis,” and also the expanse of the tegmina as
only 15 millim. Subsequently Melichar (supra) placed the fuscata,
Fabr., in the genus Windura, and gives a figure of it, which appears
to me to be quite inapplicable.
T have still a considerable impression that the species described
by Guérin as obscura will ultimately prove to be distinct from
that described by Fabricius as fuscata. I possess but few speci-
mens of the latter compared with my series of the former, but,
from what I have seen, fuscata has brown tegmina, costally spotted
with pale flavescent, and more concavely sinuate before apex than
is the case with the unicolorous olivaceously-tinted tegmina of
Gueérin’s obscura. The Pochazia fumata, Amy. & Serv., from Java
is possibly conspecific.
3A FULGORIDE.
1952. Pochazia striata, Avrby (Ricania), J. Linn. Soc., ms XXiv.
p. 153 (1891); Melich. (Pochazia) Ann, Hofmus. Wien, xiii,
p. 216, t. ix, f 4 ek e Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 83 (1903).
Pochazia antigone, Avrk. J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bomb. xiv, p. 52
(1902).
Head and pronotum chocolate-brown, face and abdomen testa-
ceous, legs ochraceous ; tegmina piceous-brown, costal and apical
areas more or less piceous, and crossed by two narrow piceous
fascize a little beyond middle, an elongate pale flavescent spot on
costal margin near middle; wings more fuliginous, unicolorous.
Var. Tegmina with two w hitish spots, one near middle of inner
transverse ancl ia, the other near apex of outer transverse fascia.
Face with a short central carination which scarcely reaches
middle ; tegmina strongly concave before apex, which is obtusely
angulate.
Length excl. tegm. 7 to 9; exp. tegm. 32 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy, Haragama (Green).
1953. Pochazia guttifera, Walk. List Hom. ii, p. 427 (1851) ; Se
(Ricania), Ofe. Vet.-Ak. Forh, 1862, p. 491; Atkins. J. A.
Beng. lv, p. 57 (1886); Melich. (Pochazia) Ann. feats
Wren, xiii, p. 216, t. ix, f. 22 (1898) ; id. Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 83 (1903).
Nicania stygia, St7l, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 766.
Head (including face) and thorax above piceous-black ; abdomen
piceous-brown, the segmental margins dull ochraceous; legs piceous-
brown, the tibize ochraceous ; tegmina piceous- -brown, with a large
pale flavescent elongate costal spot beyond middle and with three
prominent white spots, one on disk near middle, the other two
larger, somewhat elongate, and situate wide apart on apical margin:
wings een n, unicolorous.
V ar. ad. ‘Tegmina with the apical marginal spots entirely absent.
Var. h. Teomina possessing the upper apical marginal spot, but
with the lower marginal and discal spots absent.
Face with the central carination extending to its middle, the
sublateral carinations distinct, slender, and extending to near
apex ; tegmina with the apical margin moderately rounded.
Length excl. tegm. 8 to 9; exp. tee m. 30 to 34 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (Br it. Mus). Sikhim ; ; Mungphu (Brit. Mus.).
Assam; Margherita (Doherty). Darjiling (Coll, Dist.). Burma ;
Karen Hills (Daher ty). Upper Tenasserim (Coll, Dist.).
1954. Pochazia atkinsoni, sp. n,
Body piceous; legs brown, tibize ochraceous; tegmina pale
piceous-brown, apical margin very broadly pale flavescent, and
RICANIA. 375
with two large pale flavescent spots, one elongate on costal margin
beyond middle, the other rounded on disk; wings pale piceous-
brown, the posterior margin narrowly pale flavescent ; face cen-
trally a little gibbous, the central carination strong and almost
percurrent, sublateral carinations obsolete ; tegmina with the apical
margins nearly obliquely straight, costal margin only moderately
concave beyond middle.
Length excl. tegm. 11; exp. tegm. 37 millim.
Hab. Sikbim; Mungphu (Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).
Of this very fine and strikingly marked species I have seen only
one specimen, which constitutes the type, and is in the collection
of the British Museum.
1955, Pochazia triangularis, sp. n.
Head (including face), pronotum, and mesonotum pale umber-
brown, abdomen above and body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
tegmina pale brownish-ochraceous, a transverse greyish-white spot
on costal margin a little beyond middle; wings pale brownish-
ochraceous ; tegmina very short and broad, subtriangular, costal
margin arched at base, a little concavely sinuate beyond middle,
apical angle obtusely acute, apical margin nearly straight, much
longer than inner and almost as long as costal margin; face with
a central carination not extending beyond middle, sublateral cari-
nation obsolete.
Length excl. tegm. 8; exp. tegm. 23 miilim.
Hab. Ceylon (Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).
Genus RICANIA.
Ricania, Germ. Mag. Ent. iii, p. 221 (1818) ; Stal, Rio Jan. Hem. ii,
p- 70 (1858) ; Hem. Afr. iv, p. 221 (1866), part.; Fieb. Rev. Mag.
Zool. (3) ii, p. 840 (1875); Atkins. J..A. 8. Beng. lv, p. 50 (1886),
part.; Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 218 (1898).
Type, 2. fenestrata, Fabr.
Distribution. Bast Palearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental, Malayan,
Australasian, and Neotropical Regions.
Head (including eyes) as wide as pronotum, vertex broad and
narrow ; face broader than long, with central and sublateral cari-
nations, the first usually evanescent posteriorly, the latter similarly
evanescent but also sometimes practically obsolete ; elypeus with
the lateral margins not ridged ; pronotum and mesonotum as in
Pochazia; tegmina small, moderately ampliated, triangular, the
apical margin as long or a little shorter than the inner margin,
longitudinal veins fureate, the first and second near their apices,
the third emitting many ramifications; two transverse lines on
apical area formed by transverse veins ; posterior tibize bispinose.
376 EFULGORID 2.
A. Tegmina prominently palely maculate.
(1903).
Cicada hyalina, Fabr. Syst. Ent. App. p. 832 (1775); zd. (Flata)
Syst. Rhyng. p. 51 (1803) ; Stai (Ricania), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh.
1862, p. 489; Atkins. (Ricania) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 51 (1886).
Flatoides orientis, Walk. List Hom. ii, p. 417 (1851).
Stoll, Cig. fig. 102.
Head (including face), pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum
piceous-black ; abdomen testaceous; coxe, legs, and a transverse
linear spot at apex of face pale testaceous ; tegmina piceous-brown
or piceous-black, with a large upper central discal spot united to
the costal margin by a smaller spot (these spots sometimes distinctly
Fig. 194.—Ricania fenestrata.
separated) and two large elongate spots on apical margin very pale
flavescent or greyish-white; wings a little paler than tegmina,
with a pale subcostal central streak; face with a distinct almost
percurrent central carination.
Length excl. tegm. 7; exp. tegm. 21 millim.
Hab. Trivandrum (Coll. Dist.). Ceylon; Kandy, Peradeniya
(Green). Frequents Aristolochia (E. E. Green).
The darkest specimens I have seen are from Ceylon.
1957. Ricania marginalis, Walk. (Flatoides) List Hom. ii, p. 409
(1851).
Ricania speculum, Melich. (part.) Ann. Hofmus. Wren, xiii, p. 223
(1898).
Head (including face), pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum
piceous-black ; abdomen testaceous; cox, legs, and usually a
transverse spot at apex of face pale testaceous ; tegmina piceous-
black, with a small central upper discal spot, a large subtriangular
spot on costai margin beyond middle, two large elongate spots on
apical margin (the lowermost marked with piceous), between these
spots about three minute marginal spots, and a similar one near
RICANIA. 377
apex, very pale flavescent or greyish-white ; wings fuliginous, with
a series of minute pale marginal spots not reaching anal area.
This species seems to vary in the amount of dark coloration
contained in the lower pale marginal spot to tegmina.
Length excl. tegm. 6 to 7; exp. tegm. 20 to 24 millim.
Hab. Burma; Tavoy (Coll. Dist.). Tenasserim; Myitta (Do-
herty).—Borneo.
A rather common Bornean insect, incorrectly recorded by
Walker as from Africa.
The Flatoides guttatus, Walk., from China, may prove to be a
varietal form of this species.
1958. Ricania speculum, Walk, (Flatoides) List Hom. ii, p. 406 (1851);
Stal (Ricania), Ofv. Vet.-Ah. Forh. 1870, p. 765; Atkins, J. A.
S. Beng. lv, p. 54 (1886); Melich. (part.) Ann. Hofmus. Ween,
xiii, p. 223 (1898).
Flatoides tenebrosus ef perforatus, Walk. List Hom. ii. pp. 406
407 (1851). ;
Ricania malaya, Sta, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1854, p. 247.
Head (including face), pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum
piceous-black ; abdomen piceous-brown; legs pale testaceous;
tegmina piceous-brown, with three spots beyond middle (in-
constant in size)—two on upper disk and one on costal margin—
and two elongate spots on costal margin very pale flavescent or
greyish-white ; wings fuliginous. with the venation darker; eyes
ochraceous ; in some specimens the abdomen is apically prolonged
in a mass of white waxy or cottony excrescence.
Var. The two pale spots on apical margin of tegmina, more
especially the lower one, spotted or suffused with piceous-brown ;
in a few specimens, also, of the three upper discal spots the two
uppermost tend to coalesce.
Face with the central carination fine and posteriorly evanescent.
Length excl. tegm. 6 to 7; exp. tegm. 21 to 25 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Doherty). Nilgiri Hills (Hampson).
Trivandrum (Coll. Dist.). Ceylon; Kandy (Green). Burma;
Bhamo (fea), Ruby Mines (Doherty). Tenasserim; Myitta
(Doherty).—Borneo. Philippines. Java. Southern China.
Dr. Melichar, presumably without seeing the types, has included
in the synonymy of this species Flatoides guttatus, Walk. (China),
marginalis, Walk. (Borneo, nec Africa), Ricania rufifrons, Walk.
(Waigiou), specularis, Walk. (Flores), posterus, Walk. (Borneo),
and Flatoides designata (Siam), a course I am unable to follow.
1959. Ricania mitescens, sp. n.
Pronotum and mesonotum piceous (head mutilated in specimen
described) ; abdomen above, body beneath, and legs pale testaceous,
the legs a little paler ; tegmina pale umber-brown with a large
whitish costal spot at about two-thirds from base, and a broad
378 FULGORID-E.
irregular whitish apical margin, not reaching apex and broken at
about one-third from outer angle of posterior margin; wings
fuligimous with the venation darker; the tegmina are convexly
arched from base to beyond middle, and then slightly sinuate
before apex; face indescribable, owing to mutilated head in type-
specimen.
Length excl. tegm. 7?; exp. tegm. 26 millim.
Hab. Mergui (Coll. Dist.).
B. Tegmina with pale transverse fascie, and often palely
maculate.
1960, Ricania simulans, Walk. (Pochazia) List Hom. ii, p. 45
(1851); Stal (Ricania), Ofv. Vet-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 491;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 56 (1886); Melich. (excl. syn.)
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 224, t. ix, f. 21 (1898).
Head, pronotum, abdomen, and body beneath pale testaceous-
brown; legs ochraceous; margins of vertex of head, lateral
margins of face, clypeus, posterior margin of mesonotum, and
base of abdomen and anal appendage ochraceous ; tegmina pale
Fig. 195.—eicania sim ulans,
dull castaneous; base of costal margin, a basal patch, and greater
part of claval area ochraceous; a triangular costal spot beyond
middle, a transverse discal fascia before middle, and a broken
irregular transverse fascia on apical area very pale flavescent, the
veins on apical area prominent and the interspaces between them
a little paler ; wings pale fuliginous, apical areas broadly a little
darker.
Length excl. tegm. 43; exp. tegm. 133 millim.
Hab. * North India” (Warwick, Brit. Mus.).
Dr. Melichar has included in the synonymy of this species
Flatoides episcopus, Walk. (China and Japan), and Ricania episco-
palis, Stil (China and Formosa), a course I cannot follow.
1961. Ricania bicolorata, sp. n.
Head (including face), sternum, pronotum, and mesonotum
piceous-black ; abdomen and legs testaceous; tegmina piceous-
brown with a very broad transverse fascia, which is suddenly
narrowed on costal margin, convex inwardly, and angulated
RICANIA. 379
outwardly, greyish-white, two large spots of the same colour
occupying nearly the whole of the apical margin, the uppermost
almost connected with the apex of costal margin by a series of
minute white spots ; wings grevish-white, the outer margin broadly
fuliginous, containing at extreme edge a series of minute transverse
white spots; face with a central carination not extending beyond
middle, sublateral carinations obsolete ; abdomen above with
transverse paler fascive.
Length excl. tegm. 7; exp. tegm. 21 millim.
Hab. Utakamand (Brit. Mus.).
1962. Ricania zebra, sp. n.
Body and legs pale tawny-brown, mesonotum sometimes piceous-
brown; tegmina pale umber-brown, costal membrane dark umber-
brown, its extreme edge ochraceous and inwardly dentated, a dark
uinber-brown transverse fascia margined on each side with greyish-
white near middle, beyond this another transverse greyish-white
fascia which is preceded and followed by a greyish-white line,
extreme outer margin greyish-white, inwardly dentated, a small
black subcostal spot at anterior end of the dark transverse fascia ;
wings pale ochraceous-brown; face with a distinct percurrent
central carination, on each side of which are two other carinations,
the outermost longest, more distinct, and curved.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 14 millim.
Hab. “India” (Brit. Mus.). Assam; Margherita (Atkinson
Coll, Brit. Mus.).
C. Legivina unicolorous, with only a single, sometimes two, pale
costal or subcostal spots.
1963. Ricania stupida, Wals. (Flatoides) Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i,
p. 157 (1857); Melich. (Ricania} Ann. Hofmus. Wren, xill,
p. 231, t. x, f. 24 (1898).
Ricania flabellum, Nowalh. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1896, p. 256 ;
Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, 1898, p. 225, t. x, f. 10; Nowath.
§ Mart. ‘ Mission Pavie, iii, p. 181, t. xi, f. 11 (1904).
Body above umber-brown, beneath and legs ochraceous ; tegmina
umber-brown, the costal and apical areas distinctly darker, the
basal third irrorated with small paler spots, a narrow transverse
fascia crossing tegmen beyond middle marked by a distinct white
spot at apex of radial areaand again by a small ochraceous spot on
costal margin, two transverse ochraceous lines on apical area, the
innermost emitting a curved similar line directed inwardly, a
distinct prominent black spot near apex; wings pale fuliginous,
the venation darker, and with the interspaces between the veins on
apical area with longitudinal obscure greyish fascie ; face with very
fine but distinct central and sublateral carinate lines.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 193 to 20 millim.
380 FULGORID&.
Hab, Assam and Burma (fide Melichar). Ceylon (Brit. Mus.).
—Cambodia. Java. Borneo. Philippines.
Dr. Melichar’s figure of &. stupida does not represent the
typical form.
1964. Ricania stigma, Walk. (Flatoides) List Hom. ii, p. 410
(1851).
Ricania albomaculata, Uhler, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xix, p. 277
(1896).
Ricania simalata, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 2537 (1898).
Pochazia obscura, Melich. (part.) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 212
(1898) ; Matsum. (part.) Ent. Nachricht. xxvi. p. 211 (1900).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish-ochraceous or
piceous-brown, abdomen testaceous, legs pale ochraceous ; tegmina
brownish-ochraceous or piceous-brown, disk slightly irrorated with
small pale spots, a large pale flavescent or greyish-white spot on
costal margin a little beyond middle, and a small black spot near
apex; wings pale fuliginous, the venation darker.
Var. a. Body uniformly pale brownish-ochraceous.
Var. >. Body and tegmina uniformly pale brownish-ochraceous,
the latter with the usual pale costal and black apical spots.
Var. c. Tegmina resembling typical form in colour, but with the
black apical spot absent.
Face with a central carination becoming evanescent posteriorly,
and with a very short sublateral carination on each side.
Length excl. tegm. 7 to 9; exp. tegm. 18 to 26 millim.
Hab. Upper Assam (Jnd. Mus.). Nicobar Islds., Camorta (Coll.
Disi.). Tenasserim; Myitta (Doherty).—Borneo. Japan.
This seems to be an abundant species in Japan, where it
represents the darkest form of the species, and I possess a long
series collected by Mr. Lewis in that country. In Japanese
examples the black apical spot to the tegmina is either very
obsolete or entirely absent. The type of R. similata, Melich., is
in my own collection. The very pale form (var. >) is from the
Nicobars.
1965. Ricania pulverosa, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. xx. p. 162 (1865) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 61 (1886) ; Melich. Ann. Hofmus.
Wren, xiii, p. 240, t. xi, f. 14 (1898).
Head (including face), pronotum, and mesonotum piceous-
black ; body beneath and legs testaceous ; tegmina piceous-brown,
the costal margin ochraceous with transverse black spots from
base to a little beyond middle, where there is a large pale flavescent
or greyish-white spot marked by two central transverse black
lines, two small similarly coloured spots near apex, where there is
also a minute costal black spot ; wings fuliginous.
Var. Body and tegmina umber-brown ; disk of tegmina with
two obscure transverse piceous fascize.
RICANIA. 381
Face with an anterior transverse ridge, to which are attached a
central and two sublateral carinations which scarcely extend beyond
middle.
Length excl. tegm. 4 to 7; exp. teem. 14 to 20 millim.
Hab. Assam ; Tene Hills (Coll. Dist. ), Margherita (Doherty).
Burma ; Karennee (fide Melichar). Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
—Cambodia.
Melichar has placed the /latoides nivisignatus, Walk., as 1
synonym of this species ; it is, however, perfectly distinct.
1966. Ricania distincta, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 84, t. ii, f. 7
(1903).
Head (including face), pronotum, and mesonotum piceous-black,
head and pronotum sometimes castaneous ; abdomen piceous, the
segmental margins flavescent ; sternum (more or less) and the legs
ochraceous ; tegmina pale piceous- -brown, with a subquadrate costal
pale flavescent or greyish-white spot beyond middle, the costal
membrane distinctly darker in hue and the apical area also mode-
rately infuscate ; wings pale fuliginous ; face with a very distinct
central carination not exten ding beyond middle, sublateral carination
very short and obsolete.
Length excl. tegm. 53 to 7; exp. tegm. 14 to 16 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Peradeniya, Kandy (Geen).
Allied to R. nivisignata, Walk.
D. Tegmina unicolorous, without pale costal spots, sometimes with
transverse darker fascie.
1967. Ricania apicalis, Walk. (Pochazia) List Hom. ii, p. 431 (1851) :
Stal (Ricania), Ofv. Vet.-Ak, Forh. 1862, p. 491; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. lv. p. 55 (1886) ; Melich. Ann. Hofmus, Wien.
xlil, p. 229 (1898).
Pronotum and mesonotum more or less piceous-black ; head,
abdomen above, body beneath, and legs pale testaceous, the legs a
little paler ; tegmina pale brownish- ochraceous with a somewhat
bronzy tint, a small black spot near apex, from which to near outer
angle of inner margin there is a more or less well-defined dark
fascia, between the transverse veins to costal membrane the colour
is a little darker, making the veins appear prominent, and from
end of radial area to posterior margin is a transverse darker fascia,
sometimes very ill-defined: wings pale ochraceous, the posterior
margin distinetly darker ; face with well-defined central and sub-
lateral carinations, the first practically percurrent, the latter not
extending beyond middle.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 17 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Doherty). Sikhim (fide Atkinson).
Govegaon (Jayaker, Brit. Mus.).
382 FULGORIDE.
1968. Ricania spoliata, Welich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, 1898, p. 284,
t. x, f. 21; ed. (Ricania (Recanula)) Hom, Faun. Ceylon, p. 84
(1903).
“ Body black, face and clypeus yellowish-brown, frontal keel
distinct, lateral keels semicircular; pronotum and mesonotuin
black, the latter with the usual carinations ; tegmina brown with
two yellowish transverse fascize, between which is a black yellowish-
margined spot, the first fascia before middle has a sharp zigzag
border and is sprinkled with cretaceous scales, which, moreover,
form a transverse line, towards the outer side ie fas¢ia is
evanescent, the second fascia beyond middle consists of two
large irregular spots, a white oblique streak at end of radial area,
angular yellow spots on costal margin at end of transverse veins,
on “apical margin the yellow spots are minute and rounded ; wings
very pale fuliginous, darker at posterior margin; legs yellowish-
brown.” (Melich ar.)
“ Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 18 millim.”
Hab, Ceylon (fide Melichar).
1969. Ricania fumosa, Walk. (Flatoides) List Hom. ii, p. 414 (1851) ;
Stal (Ricania), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1862, p. 491; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. ly, p- 55 (1886); Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien,
xiii, p. 280 (1898).
Ricania proxima, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 226, t. xi,
f 22 (1898).
Body ferruginous ; mesonotum piceous ; legs pale testaceous :
tegmina uniformly piceous-brown, the venation a little darker and
prominent ; wings a little paler than tegmina; tegmina short and
broad, their greatest breadth only a little shorter than their length,
costal margin distinctly sinuate beyond middle, apex broadly
rounded ; face tricarinate, a central and two sublateral carinations
which do not extend beyond middle.
Length excl. tegm. 33 ; exp. tegm. 123 millim.
Hab. Assam : Margherita (Cacao Co il., Brit. Mus.).—Sian.
South Sumatra (Coll. Dist.). Java, Celebes.
This small species was only known to Walker by an unlocalized
type in the British Museum. Atkinson appears to have correctly
identified an Assamese specimen as representing it.
Genus RICANOPTERA.
Ricanoptera, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 253 (1898).
Type, 2. inculta, Melich.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, Malayan, and Australasian
Regions.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum generally as in the two
preceding genera; tegmina more elliptical, apical longer than
the inner margin, first and second longitudinal veins emitted
from a common stalk at upper end of basal cell, third strongly
RICANOPTERA. 383
forked at a short distance from base, an inwardly curved line
crossing disk before middle and formed by transverse veins, two
transverse lines on apical areas also formed by transverse veins,
numerous transverse veins in clavus; posterior tibiae with two
spines.
1970. Ricanoptera inculta, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 254,
t. xiii, f, 1 (1898).
* Body reddish or rusty-brown, surface of thorax sometimes
yellowish-brown ; face narrowed towards clypeus, carinations very
indistinct ; pronotum centrally carinate ; mesonotum with three
longitudinal carinations bifureate anteriorly, the inner bifurcation
not connected with the inner carination; tegmina and wings
hyaline, transparent, slightly discoloured with vinous-yellow and
with brown speckles, longitudinal veins placed wide apart, the
transverse veins between them on disk few and irregularly placed,
forming two transverse lines before apical margin, the outer one
parallel to margin, the inner one waved, on disk an angulated line
formed of transverse veins with the apex turned towards base ;
abdomen yellow, brownish above ; legs pale yellow; tips of the
spines black.” (Melichar.)
Length excl. tegm. 8 to 9; exp. tegm. 24 to 28 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Doherty). Great Nicobar ( fide
Melichar).
1971. Ricanoptera mellerborgi, S¢7 (Ricania), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh.
1854, p. 2473 Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 52 (1886); Melich.
Ann, Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 255, t. x, f. 15 (1898).
Flata fenestrata, Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. p. 51 (1803) ; Atkins. (Ricania)
J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 51 (1586).
Flatoides discalis, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 89 (1857).
Ricania fabricii, Stal, Hem. Fabr. ii, p. 104 (1869).
Body and legs testaceous-brown, darker above than beneath ;
tegmina hyaline, the whole basal and marginal areas fuscous-
brown, extreme edges of
costal and apical margins
with minute flavescent
spots, two hyaline spots
on costal margin beyond
middle, and usually three,
sometimes only two, on
apical margin ; wings hya-
line, the venation piceous-
brown and the outer
Fig. 196.—Ricanoptera mellerborgi. margins broadly fuscous.
(This is the form described
by Walker as discalis and which is here figured.)
Tegmina hyaline, minute flavescent marginal spots as in form
384 FULGORID®.
discalis, Walk., but with the fuscous-brown areas much reduced
and broken, the hyaline space being thus much enlarged both
inwardly and outwardly and on basal area crossed by a narrow
oblique fuscous-brown fascia; face with a central and two sub-
lateral carinations, becoming more or less evanescent posteriorly.
Length excl. tegm. 53 to 6: exp. tegm. 18 millim.
Hab. Burma (fide Atkinson). Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
Mergui (Coll. Dist.).—Malay Peninsula. Java. Sumatra. Borneo.
1972. Ricanoptera polita, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 256,
t. ix, f. 25 (1898).
‘Body reddish-brown ; face, abdomen, and legs paler; pro-
notum and mesonotum as in R. meller borgt ; tegmina hyaline,
vitreous with a yellow-brown pattern consisting of two transverse
fascie, of which the subapical one emits two processes to the apical
margin, thus defining three large rounded hyaline marginal spots,
the first of these near apex is larger than that near the posterior
angle, four rounded hyaline spots on costal margin ; wings vitreous,
posterior margin slightly tinged with brown. This species resembles
R. meller borgi, but is larger, the costal margin flatly arched, before
the apex almost slightly sinuate, less rounded at apex, veins of
tegmina coloured with brown in vitreous portions, whereas they
are white in R. mellerborg: ; also the white dots at the apices of
veins on apical margin are wanting, and there are only minute
marginal spots to be seen in the brown coloration on apical margin.”
(Melichar.)
Length excl. tegm. 7; exp. tegm. 23 millim.
Hah, Little Nicobar (fide Melichar).
1973. Ricanoptera opaca, sp. n.
Body piceous ; face, clypeus, and legs dull brownish-testaceous ;
vertex of head mottled with brownish-ochraceous; tegmina
opaque, piceous or piceous-brown, costal margin spotted with
ochraceous, a small subquadrangular white spot “at end of radial
area, on disk a large greyish-white irregular spot followed by
mottlings of the same colour which extend to near base and along
the inner area, on the upper outer area of the large spot is a very
distinct rounded black spot, the two transverse lines on apical area
are sometimes brownish-ochraceous, and their interspace much
suffused with the same colour, in other specimens the apical area
is piceous and the transverse lines faintly visible; wings pale
fuliginous, sometimes a little paler near base and on anal area:
face with the carinations fine but distinct.
Length excl. tegm. 43; exp. tegm. 15 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Madulsima (Green).
EURICANIA. 385
Genus EURICANTIA.
Kuricania, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 258 (1898).
Type, £. ocellus, Walk.
Distribution. East Palearctic, Oriental, Malayan, and Australasian
Regions.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum generally as in the preceding
genera; face with the sublateral carine very short; tegmina
somewhat elliptical, first longitudinal vein furcate before middle.
second and third very short, arising from a common stem at lower
end of basal cell, both shortly after their emergence connected by a
transverse vein, transverse veins on disk enclosing a number of
irregular cellular areas on basal half, two transverse lines formed
by transverse veins beyond middle, the innermost much angularly
waved; wings short, with two transverse veins a little beyond
middle, several of the longitudinal veins forked near apices ;
posterior tibize with two spines.
1974, Euricania ocellus, Walk. (Pochazia) List Hom. ii, p. 429
(1851); Atkins. (Ricania) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 55 (1886),
part.; Melich. (Euricania) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 260,
t. ix, f. 24 (1898).
Flatoides facialis, Walk. List Hom. Suppl. 1858, p. 100; Melich.
(Euricania) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 260 (1898).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum piceous-black :
abdomen above piceous-brown, abdomen beneath and _ legs
ochraceous ; lateral mar-
gins of face and the whole
of clypeus ochraceous :
tegmina hyaline, costal
area (maculately broken
beyond middle and near
apex), apical and inner
margins, a subapical trans-
verse line, a short broad
fasciaa little beyond middle
(only extending about halt
Fig. 197.—Euricania ocellus. across tegmen and con-
taining a pale hyaline
spot), preceded by a slightly curved linear suffusion, piceous-
brown ; wings hyaline, the venation and posterior margin piceous-
brown ; face with a central carination becoming a little evanescent
posteriorly.
Length excl. tegm. 53; exp. tegm. 20 to 22 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Doherty). Sikhim (fide Melichar).—
China (Brit. Mus.). Japan.
VOL, III. 2G
386 FULGORID_E.
Genus PRIVESA.
Privesa, Stal, Rio Jan. Hem. ii, p. 70 (1858) ; Melich. Ann. Hofmus.
Wren, xiii, p. 282 (1898).
Dechitus, Walk. Journ. Ent. i, p-. 311 (1862).
Type, P. levifrons, Stal, from Madagascar and Mauritius.
Distribution, Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australasian Regions.
Head (including eyes) akout as broad as pronotum, anterior
margin rounded in front of eyes and with a transverse subconvex
ridge between eyes ; face broader than long with a central cari-
nation; clypeus centrally ridged; pronotum centrally ridged ;
mesonotum with three longitudinal carinations, the lateral ones
anteriorly inwardly forked; tegmina near apex or near apical
area with a transverse series of irregular transverse veins; longi-
tudinal veins emitted from the basal cell, the third furcate ;
posterior tibiz bispinose.
1975. Privesa delecta, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 285 (1898).
“Face narrowed to clypeus, yellowish-white, smoothly flat,
middle ridge distinct, almost extending to apex, lateral ridges
indistinct, a narrow transverse brown
fascia at upper frontal margin, at
suture of face and clypeus is an
indistinct brown central spot and on
both sides of it another brown spot ;
clypeus yellowish-white with a cen-
tral ridge; pronotum with a longi-
tudinal ridge, on each side of which
is a compressed point; mesonotum
rusty-brown, sometimes paler on disk,
with three ‘longitudinal ridges, the
lateral ones shortly forked in front,
Fig. 198.—Privesa delecta. the inner fork united with the central
ridge before anterior margin ; tegmina
pale yellowish, with blackish-brown spots and three hyaline costal
spots, the first and third almost of equal size, the central] one
largest ; apical margin sprinkled with very small pale speckles ;
wings vitreous, posterior margin fuliginous; sternum and legs
pale yellowish.” (Melichar.)
“ Length excl. tegm. 64; exp. tegm. 19 millim.”
Hab. Bombay (Paris Mus.).
I am indebted to Prof. Bouvier, of the Paris Museum, for the
opportunity of figuring this species.
1976. Privesa confinis, sp. nu.
Body and legs pale castaneous-brown ; mesonotum more or less
suffused with piceous, sometimes principally denoted by a large
DETYA. 387
central and sublateral spot, in other specimens nearly completely
piceous ; tegmina ochraceous, with two subbasal costal spots, a
large triangular fascia commencing about middle of costal margin,
its apex extending to about middle of tegmen, the apical margin,
outer margin of basal cell, and a curved discal line on basal area
umber-brown, the basal interspace of the brown triangular fascia
appears as a large greyish costal spot, and the area betw een the
triangular fascia and the apical margin is also greyish with the
veins brown, the apical margin is also inwardly traversed by a
sinuated greyish transverse line ; ; Wings very pale fuliginous with
the venation fuscous; the basal ridge of the face is distinctly
visible above the anterior margin of the vertex ; face unicolorous
pale castaneous, obscurely finely obliquely wrinkled, the cari-
nations distinctly prominent, the central one evanescent posteriorly,
the sublateral ones very short ; clypeus a little paler, with two
central longitudinal castaneous fascie.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hab. Sind Valley (Stoliczka).
Division NOGODINIARIA.
Nogodini, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 204 (1898).
Face distinctly longer than broad, or as broad as long, the sides
of the clypeus always ridged.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Tlead (including eyes) as broad as, or very slightly
narrower than, pronotum.
Tegmina ampliate, not more than twice as long
as broad,
. Tegmina with three veins from near upper
end of basal cell; claval vein terminating
near to, ora little beyond, middle of clavus. DerErYA, p. 387.
». Tegmina with two veins from near upper
end of basal cell; claval vein terminating
before middle of clavus ..............-, VARCIA, p. 389.
b. Tegmina more than twice as lone as broad.
a. Pronotum very convexly produced anteriorly,
almost reaching anterior margin of eyes.. PiIsaAcHA, p. 591.
6. Pronotum only moderately convexly pro-
duced anteriorly, scarcely extending
beyond base Of ©Ves. 65. 2) sicvesstaus sects oye Pucina, p. 392.
B. Head (oer eyes) distinctly narrower than
VROMODN cic Goce wio gH pans oondaoob og uve GHTviia, p. 394.
Genus DETYA, nov.
Type, D. fusconebulosa, Dist.
Distribution, Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) about as broad or very slightly narrower
202
388 FULGORID_E.
than pronotum; vertex much broader than long, the margins
ridged ; face nearly twice as long as broad, slightly ampliated and
rounded towards clypeus, which is moderately ridged centrally
and laterally ; eyes placed obliquely ; pronotum narrow, convexly
produced between eyes, its posterior margin concave ; mesonotum
large, long, tricarinate, the lateral carinations anteriorly incurved
and nearly meeting near anterior margin ; posterior tibiee with
three and sometimes with a small fourth subbasal spine ; tegmina
with the basal cell emitting three veins near its upper end, claval
vein united to posterior claval margin near or a little beyond
middle, costal membrane obliquely transversely veined, beyond
middle there are a number of transverse veins forming somewhat
short cells, a continuous subapical marginal line formed of trans-
verse veins on basal area, and above clavus four longitudinal cells,
the second with a transverse vein near its apex; wings with the
second and third longitudinal veins emitted from a common stem,
a few transverse veins beyond middle, and the apices of the veins
on apical margin furcate.
1977. Detya fusconebulosa, sp. n.
Body and legs ochraceous ; face with the lateral margins, a spot
on each side of base, two spots before clypeus, and a double
Fig. 199.—Detya fusconcbulosa,
oblique discal series of minute spots black, a brown linear sub-
marginal spot on each side beyond middle; clypeus with black
margins and a central piceous line, neither of which reach apex ;
pronotum with two central piceous spots ; mesonotum with two
broad central fascize, outwardly notched posteriorly, and an angu-
lated spot on each anterior lateral area piceous ; tegmina hyaline,
the venation fuscous-brown, costal membrane with three large
transverse piceous spots, the first near base, the other two (closer
together) beyond middle, the transverse veins at apices of longi-
tudinal veins infuscate, a very narrow transverse fascia crossing
tegmen beyond middle, the apical margin somewhat broadly and
irregularly and the inner margin more narrowly fuscous-brown,
the apical margin is much broken and thus encloses several large
VARCIA. 389
hyaline spots; wings hyaline, the venation and outer margin
narrowly fuscous-brown.
Length excl. tegm. 94 to 10; exp. tegm. 30 to 32 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karen Hills (Doherty). Tenasserim; Myitta
(Doherty ).— Borneo.
Genus VARCIA.
Vareia, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 769; Melich, Ann. Hofimus.
Wren, xiii, p. 315 (1898).
Type, V. nigrovittata, Stal, from the Philippines.
Distribution. Neotropical, Oriental, and Malayan Regions.
This genus possesses most of the general characters of the
genus Sassula, from which it principally differs by the venation
of the tegmina, only two longitudinal veins being emitted from
upper end of basal cell, and these wide apart, the transverse
veins to the costal membrane are wider apart and less oblique,
and the claval vein unites with the posterior claval margin before
middle, and is united a little before its apex with the claval suture
by a transverse vein.
1978. Varcia hemerobii, Jak. (Ricania) List Hom. ii, p. 425 (1851) ;
Stil (Mindura), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh, 1862, p. 491; Athins.
J. A.S. Beng. lv, p. 62 (1886) ; Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii,
p. 303 (1898); Kerk. (Sassula) Entomologist, xxxiii, p. 10 (1900) ;
Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 85 (1903).
Body and legs pale brownish-ochraceous ; face somewhat
creamy-white, with two oblique discal black macular fascie and
Fig. 200,—Varcia heimerobit.
with the basal area more or less suffused with piceous, three small
elongate brown spots before clypeus ; clypeus with two narrow
longitudinal brown fascie, between which there is a shorter discal
brown line; pronotum more or less suffused with pale brownish,
sometimes with two oblique pale brownish fascie; mesonotum
with two discal fasciw# meeting anteriorly and usually two spots on
each lateral area piceous ; abdomen above with transverse piceous
fascie ; tegmina hyaline, the venation fuscous-brown, some of the
390 FULGORIDA.
transverse veins to costal membrane pale ochraceous and a distinct
ochraceous spot a little beyond middle, on each side of which the
colour is distinctly fuscous-brown and outwardly continued round
apex along apical margin to near posterior angle as a marginal
fascia broken near apex by a yellowish spot, a submarginal brown
spot near middle of apical margin and some suffusions on inner
marginal area of the same colour; wings hyaline, the venation
and a very narrow marginal border fuscous-brown.
Length excl. tegm. 10; exp. tegm. 30 to 32 millim.
Hab, Malabar (Coll. Dist.). Ceylon; Kandy (Green). Tenas-
serim ; Myitta (Doherty).—Malay Peninsula. Borneo. Talaut.
1979. Varcia greeni, Kirby (Nogodina), J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv,
p- 158, t. v, f. 15 (1891); Melich. (Varcia) Ann. Hofmus.
Wi ven, xiii, p. 320 (1898) ; 7d. (Sassula) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 85
Body and tebe ochraceous ; face very pale ochraceous, its lateral
margins narrowly black, rather more than basal half pale fuscous-
brown, where the sublateral margins, a central and two oblique
discal lines are very pale ochraceous ; clypeus of the same colour
with a central piceous line, its lateral margins narrowly black ;
vertex anteriorly and sublaterally narrowly. piceous ; pronotum
with two oblique fascize transversely connected at base piceous ;
mesonotum with two broad longitudinal piceous fasciz promi-
nently outwardly notched a little behind middle and a piceous
spot near each anterior angle; abdomen above with transverse
central piceous spots, some sternal spots and a lateral line on each
side of abdomen piceous ;.tegmina hyaline, the venation fuscous-
brown, a spot at base of costal area, the inner vein to costal
membrane, and the claval suture more or less ochraceous, a large
piceous stigmatical spot containing a small pale ochraceous spot,
a spot at apex and the apical and inner margins fuscous-brown,
the apical margin prolonged inwardly near middle and the inner
margin near outer angle ; wings hyaline, the venation and their
outer margins (not ee anal area) fuscous-brown.
Length “excl. tegm. 83 to 9; exp. tegm. 25 to 28 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Deltota, Peradeniya (Gi een).
1980. Varcia kandyiana, sp. n.
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous :; face ochraceous with the
lateral margins narrowly black, the ridges prominent, the lateral
areas somewhat obscurely linearly suffused with very pale brown ;
clypeus with the lateral margins narrowly black, but becoming:
evanescent towards apex and with a central piceous carinate line ;
vertex ochraceous with the margins narrowly black; pronotum
and mesonotum brownish-ochraceous, both with a central ochra-
ceous line, the latter with two curved longitudinal black fascize
which almost meet near anterior margin; abdomen above with
transyerse black fascize ; tegmina hyaline, the venation piceous,
PISACHA. 391
crossed beyond middle by a continuous transverse fascia, between
it and apical margin a broken macular transverse fascia, and the
apical margin (excluding apex) fuscous-brown, two piceous spots
enclosing a small brownish-ochraceous space beyond middle of
costal area, a fuscous marginal spot at apex, and a piceous spot
beyond middle of claval area; wings hyaline, the venation and
outer margin (not ee anal area) BESET brown.
Length “excl, tegm. 83 to 9; exp. tegm. 27 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Kandy (Green).
1981. Varcia similata, Melich. (Sassula) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 86
(1903).
“ Very like S. kirbyi, Melich. (from Cochin China), only differing
because the face with the exception of keels (which are pale
yellow) is entirely brown-coloured with two pale spots between
marginal and lateral keels, the upper one small, the lower one large
and somewhat round, on the outer side of lateral keels a row of
dark dots are observable which are lost in the ground-colour:
margins of front and clypeus black, on middle of central keel of
clypeus is a black dash and on side of head a large brown spot,
wanting in S. kirbyi; tegmina vitreous, apical margins extremely
faintly ‘coloured with pale yellow, a dark spot in “apical area of
clavus and two black marginal spots bounding the pale yellow
stigma on the costal margin, costal membrane broader than costal
cell, traversed by 15- 16 transverse veins, in costal cell two
yellowish-w hite transverse veins, remaining veins black; in clavus
there is one transverse vein, several transverse veins near apex,
and sometimes a transverse vein joining both branches of the fork
which is inconstant ; wings slightly darkly bordered postenon ss
a forked vein in anal area: ; abdomen and legs as in S. kirbyi.
(Melichar.)
*“ Length, 9, 15; exp. tegm. 24 millim.’
Hab. Ceylon; Henaratgoda (fide Melichar).
I have had no opportunity of seeing this species.
Genus PISACHA, nov.
Type, P. naga, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as pronotum; eyes rotun-
dately elongate, placed behind vertex and on each side of the
protruding pronotum ; ; vertex broader than long, its lateral margins
laminately ridged ; face much longer than broad, its basal margin
centrally angularly sinuate, moderately pronounced central and
sublateral longitudinal ridges becoming evanescent posteriorly,
and with two central curved contiguous carine before clypeus
which is centrally ridged ; pronotum strongly convexly produced
in front, its posterior margin strongly concave; pronotum long,
392 FULGORID&.
with three central carine, the central one faint, the two latera
ones strong, curved anteriorly and meeting before anterior
margin; legs strongly sulcate, posterior tibiz with two spines
near apex; tegmina more than twice as long as broad, apical
margin rounded, costal membrane narrow with numerous trans-
verse veins and connected with the upper longitudinal vein from
about middle by six or seven transverse veins, first and second
longitudinal yeins with a common origin at upper end of cell,
third emitted immediately below them, third strongly bifurcate,
its upper fork connected with second vein by a transverse vein, on
apical area the veins are reticulate, terminating at a broad apical
margin, where the veins are longitudinal, somewhat numerous, and
many forked ; clavus with six or seven transverse veins between
the suture and its longitudinal vein; wings about as broad but a
little shorter than tegmina.
1982. Pisacha naga, sp. n.
Body and legs dark brownish-ochraceous ; face with the ridges
a little paler, the lateral margins and two discal oblique and pos-
teriorly united lines black; clypeus
with a piceous fascia on each side ot
central ridge; vertex testaceous, with
the lateral margins and a_ central
fascia pale ochraceous ; pronotum tes-
taceous, its lateral margins and a
central fascia pale ochraceous, some-
what narrowly piceous at anterior
His O01 "Piderainane: margin; mesonotum testaceous be-
tween the carinations, of which the
central one is pale ochraceous and the lateral ones black ; abdomen
above with darker transverse fasciz ; tegmina hyaline, the venation
piceous-brown, a large subtriangular oblique spot near apex extend-
ing from costal margin to about middle of tegmen piceous, apical
margin (excluding apex) broadly fuscous-brown, inwardly piceous-
brown; wings hyaline, the venation and posterior margin (not
reaching anal area) fuscous-brown.
Length excl. tegm. 10; exp. tegm. 28 millim.
Hab, Assam; Niga Hills (Doherty).
Genus PUCINA.
Pucina, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 221 (1886) ; 7d. Berl. ent. Zeitschr. x,
p- 893 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 63 (1886) ; Melich.
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 329 (1898).
Type, P. pellucida, Guér.
Distribution. Oriental and Australasian Regions.
“Clavus without transverse veinlets; head not prominent
before the eyes, vertex transverse; clypeus convex, without
PUCINA. 393
lateral ridges ; tegmina gradually slightly amplified towards the
apex, furnished towards the apex with oblong areolas arranged in
two series and with many areolas less regularly arranged on disk,
ulnar and radial veins forked somewhat before the middle of the
corium ; anterior tibize hardly longer than the femora and tro-
chanters, posterior tibiw bispinose.”’ (Stal.)
1983. Pucina pellucida, Gudér. (Cixius) Voy. ‘ Coquille,’ Zool. ii, p. 189
(1880) ; id. Icon. Réegn. Anim., Ins. p. 358, t. lviii, f. 4 (1843 3)
Spin. (Ricania) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 401; Stal
(Pucina), Berl. ent. Zeitschr. x, p. 393 (1866) ; ’ Atkins. 7 A. WS.
Beng. lv, p. 63 (1886) ; Melich. ae Hofmus. Wien, xiii,
p- 329, t. xiv, f. 15, a, 6 (1898).
‘Head yellowish with three ridges; face three times longer
than broad, strongly margined and with a median ridge: vertex
Big, 202.— Pucina pellucida,
broader than long, disk flat and horizontal, margins elevated, fine,
anterior margin obtusely angular, its tip extended a little beyond
the eyes, posterior margin angularly emarginate ; thorax varied
with green and brown, also the abdomen, which is shorter than
broad ; tegmina and wings transparent, veins brown, with a brown
triangular dot on the anterior margin of each tegmen and near its
apex, radial vein weakly arcuate, subradial straight, rejoining the
radial towards the second third on the anterior margin, the inter-
mediate space with eight transverse subparallel veins and divided
into nine fairly large cellules, of which the seven intermediate are
as broad as long, the two extreme longer than broad, the adjoining
space between the radial and cubital veins divided into two large,
narrow, elongate cellules by a complete transverse vein ; legs
yellowish, tarsi brown, posterior tibize with two lateral spines.”
Length 6; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hab. Bengal (fide Guér.).—Java (fide Guér.). Australia (fide
Melichar).
I have not seen this species, and have reproduced the figs. 1
and ¥ from Melichar ; 3, 4, and 5 from Guérin.
394 FULGORID&.
Genus GHTULIA.
Geetulia, Stal, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1864, p. 54; Melich. Ann. Hofmus.
Wien, xiii, p. 827 (1898).
Type, G. plenipennis, Walk., from Central America.
Distribution. Neotropical and Oriental Regions.
Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than pronotum,
a little prominent before eyes, base of vertex profoundly sinuate :
face much longer than broad ; clypeus medially and laterally finely
carinate (Stal, however, states that the lateral margins are not
carinate); pronotum short, strongly convexly produced between
eyes, centrally ridged; mesonotum large, tricarinate, the cari-
nations subparallel; tegmina moderately ampliated, two longi-
tudinal veins emitted from upper end of basal cell and widely
separated, costal membrane with the transverse veins well separated,
only a little oblique, three longitudinal cells on basal area, after
which the surface is more or less broadly reticulated by numerous
transverse veins, which also form a continuous subapical marginal
line.
1934. Getulia nigrovenosa, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 328,
t. xiii, f. 18 (1898).
Body and legs ochraceous ; face with two sublateral longitudinal
black lines (sometimes, as in the specimen here figured, entirely
absent); a small anterior lateral black spot on each side of meso-
sternum ; vertex of head with two central piceous lines (in some
specimens obsolete) ; pronotum and mesonotum palely testaceous,
Fig, 203.— Getulia nigrovenosa.
the first with the margins and a central carinate fascia pale ochra-
ceous, the latter with three longitudinal fasciz and its lateral
margins pale ochraceous, the central fascia more or less margined
with piceous ; abdomen above with transverse discal and lateral
fasciate black spots, the largest of which is discal and subapical ;
abdomen beneath with transverse piceous fascize ; tegmina and
wings hyaline, the venation fuscous, the first with a subtriangular
LASONTA. 395
costal fuscous spot near apical area and a small fuscous spot
(sometimes absent) above middle of apical margin.
Length excl. tegm. 54 ; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Doherty). Darjiling (jide Melichar).
Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
1985. Genus? prominens, Walk. (Ricania) Ins. Saund., Hom. p. 48
(1858) ; Atkins. J..A. S. Beng. lv, p. 57 (1886) ; Melich. (gen. ?)
Ann. Hofmus, Wien, xiii, p. 341 (1898).
“ Dull testaceous ; head forming on each side a large vertical
compartment, in which the eye and the antenne are seated ;
vertex transverse, very short, mostly covered by the pronotum ;
face with transverse blackish marks, very much longer than broad,
with elevated borders and with three slight keels, the middle one
shortened, the pair converging towards the face (clypeus ?), where
they are connected ; face (clypeus ?) lanceolate, keeled ; pronotum
very convex along the fore border, with two slight keels ; meso-
notum with a brown interlined disk and with two blackish dots on
each side; metanotum and abdomen dark brown, the latter with a
pale testaceous stripe on each side ; legs testaceous ; femora slightly
streaked with black ; wings greyish-vitreous, exterior and interior
borders brown, veins black; tegmina with brown marks along
the costa and with a few brown marks elsewhere, and with an
irregular whitish subapical band ; stigma whitish, veinlets regular
along the costa and along the exterior border, where they are
mostly forked; diseal veins and veinlets irregular, the latter
numerous; wings with very few veinlets.” ( Walker.)
“‘ Length, body 4; wings 12 lines.”
Hab. Sylhet (jide Walker).
1 have been unable as yet to find this species in the National
Collection. Its long face clearly locates it in some genus belonging
to the Nogodiniaria, but the “two keels” to the pronotum is a
disturbing factor.
Genus LASONIA.
Lasonia, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 87 (1903).
Type, L. kirkaldyt, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
“ Head with eyes as broad as pronotum; vertex not extending
beyond eyes, broader than long, roundly curved in front, its
margins ridged ; face longer than broad, slightly curved downward,
rounded on sides and ridged to clypeus, on upper margin straight,
medially ridged; clypeus somewhat long, triangular, arched, not
ridged; eyes large, semicircular; ocelli absent; antenne very
short ; pronotum a3 long as vertex, produced in front, somewhat
laminate between eyes, posteriorly straight, its disk smooth, indis-
tinctly ridged ; mesonotum short, triangular, broader than long,
with an oblique curved ridge which does not extend to posterior
margin of pronotum; tegmina narrow, four times as long as
396 PULGORIUD_E.
broad, rounded off at apices, costal cell from base to middle very
narrow, then strongly and gradually expanded, occupying the
whole apical extremity and passing over into the sutural cell,
costal cell without transverse veins at base, traversed in middle by
short transverse veins placed wide apart, and in the broad apical
area by thick single transverse veins which are setose, three longi-
tudinal veins emerge from base, the outermost forked near base
and forming a long subcostal cell pointed before and behind,
second longitudinal. vein united by an oblique transverse vein to
inner branch of first vein and strongly forked at end, third vein
simple and weaker than the other two, all these veins smooth and
not setose, in the cells are a few delicate transverse veins, in clavus
one forked and numerous transverse veins ; wings rather shorter
than tegmina, tip of middle longitudinal vein decidedly notched,
six simple longitudinal veins connected together by numerous
transverse veins ; posterior tibiwe with two spines.” (Melichar.)
I only know this genus by Melichar’s description and figure of
the typical species. Its describer places it in the Ricaniinee,
which, judging from the short mesonotum and the narrow tegmina,
seems an uncongenial position. | therefore enumerate it ‘at the
end of the subfamily, but have refrained from placing it in my
synopsis of genera.
1986. Lasonia kirkaldyi, MWelich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 88, t. ii,
£9, a (1903).
“ Brown, spotted with black, a large, smooth, circular, black
hump on the face below margin, this protuberance has a circular
ridge which joins the front
marginal ridge, on both sides
a black longitudinal spot,
from the lower margin of the
circle a central ridge com-
mences ea reaches base of
clypeus ; eyes brown; an-
tennee calle ish-brown ; ver-
tex slightly keeled and spotted
with black as well as pro-
notum and mesonotum; tegmina hyaline, veins brown, irregular
small and large brown spots in cells which rest on veins and leave
the middle of the cells free, in middle cell are two transverse spots
on the upper and lower transverse veins, at apical area a brown
spot, apical margin with small curved transverse veins; wings
hyaline, vitreous, with black veins; abdomen brown, BoUtenieE
margins of dorsal segments black ; legs yellowish-brown, femora
longitudinally striped with brown, apices of spines to posterior
tibizw black.” Clea 5)
“Length, 9, 12; exp. tegm. 22 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon (fide Melichar),
I have not seen this species.
Fig. 204.—Lasonia kirkaldyi.
FUATINE. 397
Subfamily XI. FLATINA.
Flatida, Sta/, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 181 & 235 (1866).
Flatina, Stal, Ofc. Vet.-Ak, Forh. 1870, p.771; Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng.
lv, p. 68 (1886).
Flatide, Melich, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 179 (1901).
*Clavus granulate, its apex sometimes subacute and closed,
sometimes very obtuse and broadly open, with two veins separated
throughout the entire length, or united in one near apex ; costa
dilate d, costal membrane “transversely veined ; claval suture dis-
tinct ; anal area of wings not reticulated ; posterior tibiz without
a mobile spur.” (S¢al.)
The es. clavus is an unfailing structural test as to the
position of the beautiful insects which find a place in this sub-
family. Dr. Melichar has recently (supra) written a monograph
on the Flatine, and though Homopterists must be grateful to him
for the referential character of his work, he has” unfortunately
sureharged his pages with an incorrect synonymy, which greatly
detracts from their permanent value.
In enumerating and describing the not inconsiderable number of
genera found in British India “I have found certain characters
which can be used in divisional separation, and though no morpho-
logical value can be, or is, claimed for them, it is thought they
will enable those into whose hands this book may fall, especially
residents in British India, to more readily understand the generic
classification.
Division PHROMNIARLA,
In this division the tegmina have their apical margins (including
the apical and posterior angles) more or less conyexly rounded,
and are as broad or a little broader than the wings.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Tegmina with the costal membrane broader
than the radial area.
a. Tegmina flat, nearly twice as long as broad. PHRoMNiA, p. 398
b. Tes mina convex, only about one-third longer
than broad, obliquely deflected before
CLANS ie havalt toatiain cvsiase) sete hous abe) demeenn Coane ANGGIRA, p. 403.
5. Tegmina with the costal membrane narrower
than the radial area.
a. Vertex of head as wide at base as at apex;
clypeus not transversely carinate ........ DaNnavara, p. 404.
b. Vertex of head broader at apex than at base ;
clypeus transversely carinate on basal area. CHaArurBUsA, p. 405.
398 PULGORIDE.
. Genus PHROMNIA.
Phromnia, Stal, Rio Jan. Hem. ii, p. 68 (1858); zd. Hem. Afr. iv,
pp. 285 & 239 (1866); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 64 (1866).
Flata (part.), dmy. § Serv. Hém. p. 521 (1848) ; Melich. (part.) Ann.
Hofmus. Wren, xvii, p. 203 (1902),
Type, P. limbata, Fabr., an Ethiopian species.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Malayan Regions.
Body compressed ; head (including eyes) very much narrower
than the pronotum; vertex oblong, its lateral margins strongly
ridged, its anterior margin concavely sinuate, considerably extend-
ing beyond the eyes; tace with two longitudinal ridges; clypeus
long ; antennze elongate, rounded, second joint much longer than
first; pronotum obliquely transverse, narrow, anteriorly produced
to between eyes, tricarinate, the area of the carinations a little
raised and shield-like ; mesonotum convex, obscurely tricarinate ;
posterior tibiz generally bispinose ; tegmina ample, longer by half
than broad, as broad as wings, apical margin rounded, costal
membrane broad with closely arranged transverse veins, four
longitudinal veins from base, the second very strongly bifurcate
from near middle, beyond their apices, which extend to a little
before middle of tegmen, the venation is densely longitudinal, with
a distinct line formed by transverse veins before apical margin,
some transverse veins on disk, and transverse veins on basal area
excluding central disk ; wings with oblique longitudinal veins on
apical costal area, some of the longitudinal veins bifurcate near
apical margin.
1987. Phromnia marginella, Oliv. (Fulgora) Ene. Méth. vi, p. 575
(1791); Stal (Phromnia), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh, 1862, p. 490;
Atkins. J. A. 8S. Beng. \v, p. 65 (1886); Cotes, Ind. Mus. Notes,
ll, p. 95, t. xvi, f. 2 (1891); Melich. (Flata) Ann. Hofmus. Wien,
xvi, p. 205 (1901).
Flata limbata, Hutton, J. .A. S. Beng. xii, p. 898 (1848).
oy . . .
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous, in fresh specimens much
Fig. 205.
Phronnia marginela,
clothed with a white cottony pubescence ; pronotum and legs more
PHROMNIA. 399
or less tinted with pale green; apices of the tibiz and tarsi black ;
apex of first and whole of second joint of the antenne black ;
tegmina pale greenish, the venation more olivaceous-green, and
the costal margin sanguineous, on the under surface they are
considerably cretaceously tomentose; wings exceedingly pale
bluish-green; the face is strongly bicarinate; the central cari-
nation to pronotum bifurcating before anterior margin.
Var. Tegmina pale tawny-yellow, the costal margin dark tawny-
brown.
Length excl. teem. 12 to 14; exp. tegm. 48 to 50 millim.
Hab. Assam; Noa Dehing Valley (Chennell). Sikhim (Ind.
Mus.). Darjiling (fide Melichar). Ceylon; Kandy (Green). Te-
nasserim; Mergui (Coll. Dist.).
I have received both the typical and varietal form from Ceylon.
According to Capt. Hutton (supra), from observations on the insect
made at Mussooree, the white sugary secretion which it produces
is only obtainable throughout the dry weather from January to
June, as it is washed away by the first heavy rain that falls upon
it. The eggs hatch in December, and the larve cluster like sheep
upon the food-plant. They feed by sucking the juices of the
leaves, and moult several times, gradually increasing in size until
the setting-in of the rainy season in June, when winged imagos
begin to emerge. Mr. R. H. E. Thompson noticed that in Garhwal
the natives eat the sugary secretion and call the insects Dharberi,
i. e. “sheep,” on account of their habit of clustering together and
jumping away when disturbed. Mr. W. P. Thomas ascertained
that the Koorkoos and other tribes in the Narsingpur district of
the Central Provinces know the insect, but make no use of the
sugary secretion, which they say has a narcotic effect when eaten.
In this district the insects were found on the green succulent
coppice-shoots of Hleodendron rovburghii.
1988. Phromnia tricolor, White (Pceciloptera, Flatida), 4. M@. N. H.
xvili, p. 26 (1846) ; St@ (Phromnia), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862,
p. 490; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 65 (1886); Melich. (Flata}
Ann. Hofmus, Wren, xvi, p. 208 (1901).
Body ochraceous, abdomen strongly cretaceously tomentose ;
legs greenish, the tibie darker; head with the lateral ridged
margins greenish ; pronotum and mesonotum very finely sprinkled
with black ; tegmina pale greenish, more or less cretaceously and
tomentosely finely maculate, the costal and claval areas palely
sanguineous and also cretaceously maculate ; the under surface of
the tegmina is more cretaceously tomentose than above ; wings
pale lacteous much suffused with cretaceous ; general structural
characters as in P. marginella.
In some specimens the ground-colour of the tegmina is reddish-
ochraceous with nearly the whole basal area sanguineous, in other
400 FULGORIDA.
examples the ground-colour is olivaceous-green with only the costal
area sanguineous ; rubbed or faded specimens do not ‘exhibit the
cretaceous maculation.
Length excl. tegm. 13 to 15; exp. tegm. 51 to 60 millim.
Hab. Assam; Khasi Hills (Chennell). Niga Hills (dnd. AMus.).
Sylhet. Burma; Bhamo (fide Melichai).—Siam.
1989. Phromnia rubicunda, Dist. A. M. N. H. (5) xi, p. 171 (1883) ;
Atkins. J. S. Beng. lv, p. 68 (1886); Waterh. Aid Ident. Ins.
ii, t. clii, f. 1 (1882-90).
Flata floccosa, Melich. (part.) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 208
(1901).
Body and legs tawny-ochraceous; disk of mesonotum shining
ochraceous; antenne black; anterior and intermediate tibize and
tarsi black ; tegmina dull dark testaceous-red becoming somewhat
paler towards apex, irregularly spotted with cretaceous-white, more
particularly so on basal and less on apical areas; wings white,
cretaceously tomentose.
Length excl: tegm. 13; exp. tegm. 62 millim.
Hab. Mergui (Anderson, Coll. Dist.).
Apart from the peculiar coloration of this species, it may be
distinguished by the long and apically convex tegmina, which are
obliquely rounded at both apex and posterior margin. Dr. Melichar
includes rubicunda as a synonym of P. floccosa, Guér.; had he
consulted the figure, to which he does not refer, such a misunder-
standing would have been impossible.
1990. Phromnia flaccida, Walk. (Flata) Ins. Saund., Hom. p. 50
(1858)
Phromnia hamifera, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. x, p. 181 (1869) ;
Melich. (¥ lata) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, 1901, p. 211.
Flata floccosa, Melich. (part.) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 208
(1901).
Body and legs tawny-yellow ; antenne with the second joint,
sometimes both joints, black ; anterior and intermediate tibize and
tarsi black; tegmina tawny-yellow, very pale tawny-brown, or
pale greyish-brown, with two discal oblique fasciz commencing
near middle and united a little before apex and a subbasal fasciate
transverse spot above clavus (sometimes absent) darker and more
brownish, in some (probably fresh) specimens the upper surface
of the tegmina is much cretaceously tomentose ; the anterior and
intermediate tibize vary in being wholly black, or black with their
bases tawny-brown.
Length excl. tegm. 13 to 16; exp. wae 44 to 60 millim.
Hab. * Ostindien” (fide Melichar). neo, Sumatra.
Dr. Melichar has treated this species as a s sy nonym of P. floccosa,
Guér. : it, however, does not differ from P. hamifera, Walk., which
he enumerates as a distinct species.
PHROMNIA. 401
1991. Phromnia montivaga, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1892, p. 284, t. xiii, f. 5.
Fata floecosa, Melich, (nec Guér.) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 208,
t. i, f. 9 (1901), excel. syn.
Head and thorax above reddish ; abdomen and legs pale ochra-
ceous ; eyes, antenne, anterior and intermediate tibizw and tarsi,
and the posterior tarsi black; tegmina ochraceous, reddish-
ochraceous on disk of basal half and clavus, the costal area and
the apical half thickly powdered with greyish tomentum, the basal
disk very sparingly so, the apical margin and a double curved
discal fascia on outer half very pale fuscous and very indistinctly
seen through the tomentose covering, a black central spot near
base ; wings greyish-white.
Length excl. tegm. 13; exp. teem. 50 millim.
Hab. * Ostindien” (Melichar).— Borneo ; Kina Balu Mt.
1 include this species in the fauna of British India on the
authority of Dr. Melichar, who has figured it as P. floccosa, Guér.
1992. Phromnia viridula, Atkins. (Cerynia) J. A. S. Beng. lvii, p. 340
(1888) ; Melich. (Flata) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 212 (1901).
Body and legs greenish-ochraceous, abdomen thickly cretaceously
tomentose ; legs with the anterior and intermediate tarsi piceous ;
tegmina virescent, a little ochraceous at base, two black linear
spots with bluish-grey margins on disk, the first near middle of
Fig. 206.—Phromnia viridula.
posterior area, the other nearer apex, apical margin continued to
near middle of posterior margin very narrowly black; wings
eretaceous-white ; antennze with the second joint black, its base
ereenish-ochraceous.
Var. Tegmina very pale ochraceous with a slight virescent tint;
the two black discal spots very small, the uppermost minute and
without pale margins; the narrow dark marginal edge to the
tegmina brownish, not black; wings lacteous, not cretaceously
tomentose.
Length excl. tegm. 11 to 12; exp. tegm. 45 to 50 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (fide Melichar). Bombay ; Poona (Atkinson). Tri-
vandrum (Coll. Dist.).
VOL, Il. 2D
402 FULGORID®.,
1993. Phromnia inornata, Walk. (Flata) List Hom. ii, p. 488 (1851);
Stal (Phromnia), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1872, p. 490; Atkins. J.
A. S. Beng. 1\v, p. 66 (1886) ; Melich, (Flata) Ann. Hofmus. Wien,
xvi, p. 215 (1901).
Body and legs pale ochraceous; antenne with the basal joint
ochraceous, second joint black with its base ochraceous, or in some
specimens with the whole of the second joint and the apex of the
first joint black; anterior and intermediate legs with the apices
of the tibiz more or less piceous or black, and their tarsi of
the same colour; tegmina uniformly pale ochraceous; wings
milky-white; pronotum with the central carination continuous,
not bifureating before anterior margin, which is centrally sinuate,
the lateral discal carinations oblique, the anterior angles rounded.
Length excl. tegm. 12; exp. tegm. 42 to 45 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Doherty). Darjiling (Coll. Dist.)
Burma; Momeit (Doherty). Tenasserim (Brit. Mus.).
1994, Phromnia deltotensis, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 155
(1891); Melich. (Plata) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 214 (1901).
Phromnia marginella, Avrk. (part.) J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc.
xiv, p. 583 (1902).
In colour and general appearance indistinguishable from the
preceding species, P. iornata, and only, as far as I can discern,
differing from that species by the ridges of the pronotum, which
in P. deltotensis have the two lateral discal carinations not oblique
but straight and concavely sinuate near middle, and by the anterior
margin of the pronotum being scarcely sinuate.
Length excl. tegm. 12; exp. tegm. 45 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Deltota, Kandy (Green).
This species seems to be quite confined to Ceylon and is very
liable to be overlooked and placed under P. inornata.
1995. Phromnia intacta, Walk. (Flata) List Hom. ii, p. 485 (1851) ;
Stal (Phromnia), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 490; Atkins. J.
A. S. Beng. lv, p. 66 (1886); Melich. (Flata) Ann. Hofmus.
Wren, xvi, p. 218 (1901).
‘Body pale stramineous; antennze long, stramineous, third
joint black, much longer than the second; pronotum almost
truncate-conical on the disk, somewhat impressed in front, tri-
carinate, ridges produced through the mesonotum; abdomen
obconical, not longer than the pronotum; legs tawny, anterior
tarsi and tips of the anterior tibiz and of the posterior tarsi black ;
tegmina dingy white, veins white ; wings milky-white.” ( Walker.)
Pronotum with the central carination distinctly bifurcate near
anterior margin, which is depressed, the lateral discal carinations
very slightly oblique. .
Length excl. tegm. 12; exp. tegm. 47 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (Brit. Mus.).—North Borneo (Coll. Dist.).
ANGGIRA. 403
The last three species are so closely allied that the following
synopsis may be useful :—
A. Anterior margin of pronotum strongly centrally sinuate.
a. Central carination to pronotum percurrent, not ante-
TOL DILUTCALCS co.cc ele fees oe HOBO DOORdeO, COORUKE
b. Central carination to pronotum bifurcating alittle
before its apex (yee ese we os 9: crcceee entacta.
B. Anterior margin of pronotum not distinctly sinuate, deltotensis.
Genus ANGGIRA, nov.
Type, A. typica, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (including eyes) much narrower than pronotum, the vertex
obliquely anteriorly widened, its lateral margins laminately raised,
and with a distinct central carination ; face longer than broad, the
lateral margins laminately ridged and distinctly strongly sinuate
before apex; clypeus long; posterior tibiz obscurely spinose ;
pronotum with its anterior margin truncate and extended between
eyes and with a distinct central carination ; mesonotum large,
moderately convex, tricarinate ; tegmina short, ampliate, apical
margin rounded, costal membrane broader than radial area, coarsely
transversely veined, reticulate near base, radial area with more or
less reticulate transverse veins and remaining area of tegmen also
transversely reticulate, the longitudinal veins prominent; the
tegmina are also distinctly convex and sensibly depressed beneath
the lower longitudinal vein ; wings a litte narrower than tegmina,
anal area with a few obsolete transverse veins, the two lowermost
distinct.
This genus has a strong superficial resemblance to Danavara,
from which it may be separated by the relative widths of the
costal membrane and radial area and the different structure of
the face.
1996. Anggira typica, sp. n.
Head (including face) and pronotum dull green; mesonotum,
abdomen above, body beneath, and legs ochraceous, tarsi more or
Big. 207.—Anggira t ypica,
less piceous ; tegmina pale olivaceous-green, the costal margin pale
brownish-ochraceous, the apical margin narrowly darker olivaceous ;
PASI)
404 FULGORID&.
wings creamy-white with the venation virescent ; pronotum with
a globose elevation a little before each lateral area; mesonotnm
with the lateral carinations more pronounced than the central one ;
abdomen robust ; tegmina strongly arched at base ; lateral margins
of pronotum angularly truncate.
Length excl. tegm. 10; exp. tegm. 30 millim.
Hab. 8S. India; Trivandrum (Coll. Dist.),
Genus DANAVARA, nov.
Type, D. tennentina, Walk.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; vertex broader
than long, almost situate in front of eyes, its lateral margins lami-
nately upwardly ridged; face moderately broad, its lateral margins
laminately ridged, obsoletely medially ¢ carinate ; clypeus somew mae
long, more distinctly medially earinate than face ; posterior tibize
with two spines near apex; pronotum longer than vertex, tri-
carinate, the carinate area raised and continued to between eyes ;
mesonotum moderately large, convex, and obscurely tricarinate ;
tegmina short, broad, about as broad or a little broader than
wings, apical margin (including apex) rounded, costal membrane
narrower than radial area, with transverse veins, many of which
are fureate, a little narrowed medially, radial area with oblique
somewhat widely separated transverse veins with some faint
connecting veinlets, the radial vein very robust and prominent,
beneath which the tegmen is somewhat densely longitudinally
furcately veined, behind elavus thickly and moderately convexly
produced; wings about as broad or very little narrower than
tegmina, a few transverse veins near upper apical area, and most
of the longitudinal veins becoming outwardly furcate.
1997. Danavara tennentina, Jalk. (Poeciloptera) List Hom. Suppl.
p- Ll (1858) ; Avrby (Scarpanta), J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 153
(1891); Melich. (part.) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 241, t. il,
f. 5 (1901) ; id. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 89 (1903).
Elidiptera emersoniana, Tennent, Nat. Hist. Ceylon, p. 433, fig.
(1861).
Pronotum, mesonotum, and legs virescent; head and body
beneath ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous ; mesonotum with a
central dark line, the margins and two discal longitudinal fasciz
ochraceous ; margins of metanotum cretaceously pubescent ; teg-
mina pale green, in some places. cretaceously tomentose, the
venation, especially the prominent radial vein, paler in hue ; two
obscure transverse oblique irregular cretaceously tomentose fascive
beyond middle, the innermost medially enclosing a brown spot, a
small piceous discal spot beneath radial area, and a brown spot on
CHATURBUJA. 405
apical margin a little above posterior angle; wings eretaceously
white.
Length excl. tegm. 7; exp. tegm. 30 millim.
Hab. Ceylon.
Fig. 208.—Danavara tennentina.
I only know this species by the unique type in the British
Museum, which was collected by Sir Emerson Tennent. Mr. Green,
in his many coilections, has not sent me a specimen.
1998. Danavara latipennis, Kirby (Scarpanta), J. Linn. Soc., Zool.
xxiv, p. 153, t. vi, f. 9 (1891).
Scarpantia tennentina, Ark. (part.) Entomologist, 1900, p. 295 ;
Melich. (part.) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 241 (1901).
Body and legs pale ochraceous, unicolorous ; tegmina saffron-
yellow, with a minute brown spot on radial vein near base, three
elongate purplish-brown linear spots in longitudinal series com-
mencing beyond middle of disk and terminating on apical margin,
and a few minute speckles of the same colour on basal area beneath
radial vein ; wings pale cretaceous-white.
Length excl. tegm. 63; exp. tegm. 29 milJim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy (G'reen).
Kirkaldy and Melichar (supra) have strangely included this
species as a synonym of D. tennentina, Walk., with which it has
little in common. Apart from its altogether different coloration,
the radial vein is much less thickened and pronounced than in
Walker's species, the tegmina not evenly rounded on apical portion
of costal margin, but there more or less angularly sinuate, the
oblique veins in radial area very much less connected, &e.
Genus CHATURBUJA, nov.
Type, C. comma, Walk.
Distribution, Oriental (according to my present knowledge).
Head (including eyes) much narrower than pronetum ; vertex
broader than long, obliquely widened anteriorly, its lateral margins
strongly ridged, almost situate in front of eyes; face broad, its
406 FULGORID.
lateral margins strongly ridged, and subobsoletely medially cari-
nate ; clypeus long, obsoletely medially carinate, distinctly finely
obliquely carinate on each side of anterior disk; posterior tibiz
very obsoletely spined; pronotum continued to between eyes,
where it is convex and slightly centrally sinuate, central carination
obsolete ; mesonotum large, convex, obsoletely tricarinate ; tegmina
broad, apically rounded, including both apical and posterior angles,
costal membrane narrower than radial area, transversely veined,
many of the veins furcate ; radial area with oblique veins reticu-
lately connected, longitudinal veins beyond basal area more or less
obscurely transversely reticulate, the transverse veins forming
two ill-defined transverse lines on apical area; clavus above claval
vein transversely veined, beneath the vein thickly granulate ;
wings about as broad as tegmina, with transverse and transversely-
oblique veins in anal area.
To be distinguished from Flatosoma, Melich. (type P. signoreti,
Melich.), by the different shape of the face, venation of wings, &c.
1999. Chaturbuja comma, JVaik. (Peeciloptera) List Hom. ii, p. 447
(1851); Sta (Scarpanta), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 490;
Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. lv, p. 67 (1886).
Body and legs pale ochraceous ; apices of tibie and tarsi more
or less piceous ; tegmina saffron-yellow, with two short transverse
Fig. 209.— Chaturbuja comma.
piceous lines, the first above clavus, the second and longer on disk
beyond middle, sometimes a cluster of minute piceous speckles
above the lowermost linear spot, but these are inconstant, and in
the type specimen are found on one tegmen and not on the other ;
wings cretaceous-white.
Length excl. tegm. 10; exp. tegm. 44 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (Stainforth, Brit. Mus.).
Melichar (Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 245, t. vii, f. 14, 1901)
describes and figures a species in his genus Flatosoma as F. comma,
Walk., which is not that species and is probably not congeneric
with it. The British Museum possesses an undescribed species
from Borneo which exactly agrees with Melichar’s figure.
LECH EA. 407
Genus LECH AA.
Lecheea, Sta/, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 236 (1866) ; zd. Berl. ent. Zeitschr.
p-. 393 (1866); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 66 (1886) ; Melich.
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi. p. 232 (1901).
Type, L. dentifrons, Guér.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
‘““Teemina furnished towards the apex with one or two rows ot
transverse veinlets or with veinlets irregularly scattered through-
out, and with very many or several longitudinal veins forked at
the apex, the longitudinal veins at the apex rarely simple, if so
the tegmina furnished with a single row of veinlets near the apex ;
body cylindrical or compressed; tegmina strongly decumbent ;
face (seen from the sides) and gens produced in the middle ;
tegmina very ample, gradually somewhat amplified towards the
apex, near which it is furnished with a regular arched row ot
transverse veinlets which begins behind the apex of the clavus ;
costal area transversely veined, some of the veins anastomosed.”
(Stal.)
I only know this genus from its description, and have therefore
been unable to place it in the generic synopsis. It seems to belong
to the division Phromniaria.
2000. Lechea dentifrons, Guvér. (Poeciloptera) Icon. Regn. Anim. p.360
(1848); StaZ (Lecheea), Berl. ent. Zeitschr. x, p. 393 (1866) ;
Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 239, t. iii, f. 2, a, 6, c (1901).
** Body dull yellow with an orange spot on each edge of the
mesonotum; face produced and enlarged towards middle, the
edges strongly carinate, reflexed near the vertex, with the most
produced portion furnished with two tubercles which (seen from
above) form, with the angles produced by the carinations, four
well-developed teeth; antennz inserted beneath the eyes, the
second joint protruding a little beyond the lateral carination ;
tegmina slender, yellow, rounded, a little more darkly coloured
near base; wings white; legs concolorous with the body, the
anterior and intermediate femora and the tarsi black.” (Guérin.)
Length, body, 15; exp. tegm. 51 millim.
Hab. Malabar ( fide Guérin).— Borneo.
I have not seen this species.
Division CERY NIARIA.
The Ceryniaria agree with the Phramniaria in having the tegmina
with their apical margins (including the apical and posterior angles)
more or less convexly rounded, bué differ in their being more elon-
gate and narrower than the wings.
In the four genera here enumerated, the costal membrane of the
tegmina is broader than the radial area.
408 FULGORIDA.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. lace longer, sometimes considerably longer,
than broad.
a. Clypeus with two longitudinal ridges on
Ibasalvareay.. eet otc: 2 oct eerie cone t CERYNIA, p. 408.
b. Clypeus without two longitudinal ridges
on basal area.
a’. Costal membrane slightly broader than
radial area, the latter with a few
transverse nyellis annie eee eee Copsyrna, p. 409.
}'. Costal membrane much broader than
radial area, the latter with many
transverse: ves) < os. foes ne ae HANSENIA, p. 411.
B, Face about, or almost, as broad as long .. Byrnopsyrna, p. 412.
Genus CERYNIA.
Cerynia, Stal, Rio Jan. Hem. ii, p. 68 (1862); 7d. Hem. Afr. iv,
p- 235 (1866); Athins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 64 (1886) ; Melich,
Ann, Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 218 (1901).
Type, C. albata, Stil, from Malacca and adjoining Malayan
islands.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; vertex elongate
with the lateral margins laminately elevated, transversely ridged
at base, moderately produced in front of eyes; antenne with the
first and second joints subequal in length, the latter a little apically
thickened ; face convex at base, the lateral margins laminately
elevated ; clypeus long, with two curved longitudinal ridges on
basal area; pronotum tricarinate, the carinate area forming a
raised plate which is continued convexly between the basal margins
of the eyes ; mesonotum convex, tricarinate; tibie strongly sulcate,
posterior tibie long, curved, unarmed, tegmina moderately am-
pliate, only slightly longer and a little narrower than wings, their
apices rounded, costal membrane broad, narrower at base, and
somewhat thickly transversely veined, longitudinal veins emitted
from end of basal cell, waved and furcate, apical area crossed by
two lines formed of transverse veins apparently dividing two series
of numerous narrow longitudinal cells, clavus finely granulate,
claval vein almost reaching apex; wings broader and a little
shorter than tegmina.
2001. Cerynia maria, White (Poeciloptera), A. M. N. H. xviii, p. 25,
t. i, f. 3 (1846): Dist. J. A. S. Beng. xlviii, p. 38 (1879) ; 2d. A.
M.N, H. (5) xi, p. 172 (1883) ; Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. lv, p. 64
(1886); Melich. Ann. Hofmus, Wien, xvi, p. 220, t. xi, f.13 (1901).
Var. a. Flata completa, Walk. List Hom. ii, p. 436 (1851).
Var. b. Flata tenella, Walk. t.c. p. 437; Stal (Cerynia), Ofv. Vet.-
Ak. Forh, 1862, p. 490.
COPSYRNA. 409
Var. c, Cerynia rosea, Atkins, J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. G4 (1886),
Var. d, lutescens, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 220 (1901),
Body and legs very pale ochraceous, the anterior and inter-
mediate tibie and tarsi more or less black ; antenne more or less
speckled with black; pronotum a little paler with a very slight
bluish tint ; tegmina very pale bluish-grey and more or less
Fig. 210.— Cerynia maria.
greyishly tomentose, with a small ochraceous spot near base and
three short black lines on posterior apical area, the lower one at
right angles to the two uppermost ; wings a little paler than tegmina
and more transparent.
Var. completa, Walk. Tegmina with a somewhat large san-
guineous spot near base, the black lines more pronounced, longer,
the uppermost nearly crossing disk.
Var. tenella, Walk. Tegmina with a somewhat large sanguineous
or luteous spot near base, but the black lines less pronounced than
in the var. completa.
Var. rosea, Atkins. Tegmina with a roseate tint: sanguineous
spot and black lines as in var. conzpleta.
Length excl. tegm. 7 to 10; exp. tegm. 30 to 36 millim.
Hab. Sylbet. Sikhim. Assam; Margherita (Doherty). Darjiling
and Trivandrum (Coll, Dist.). Burma; Karen Hills (Doherty).
Mergui. Tenasserim; Myitta (Doherty)—West China (Pratt).
Sumatra (fide Melichar).
Genus COPSYRNA.
Copsyrna, Stal, Rio Jan, Hem. ii, p. 69 (1862) ; id. Hem. Afr. iv,
p. 237 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A, S. Beng. lv, p. 81 (1896); Melich.
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 228 (1901).
Paramelicharia, Avrk. Entomologist, 1903, p. 78.
Type, C. maculata, Guér.*
Mstribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) narrower than the promotum, vertex
with the lateral margins laminately elevated ; face very slightly
* Mr. Kirkaldy proposes the new name Paramelicharia, type maculata,
Guér., because previously, as type for Copsyria, ‘I had fixed it as ¢ineordes,
Oliv.” As Stal, however, had named the type for his own genus, Melichar seems
to have followed the only course open to him in adopting it, as I also
necessarily do.
410 FULGORID&.
aimpliated posteriorly, the lateral margins strongly ridged ; clypeus
long with two faint oblique longitudinal carinations at basal area ;
antenne with the second joint short; posterior tibie very finely
spined ;_ pronotum longer than vertex, anteriorly subconically
produced between the eyes, posterior margin moderately concave ;
mesonotum large, somew hat raised, the disk flattened and defined
by the lateral carinations, central carination to both pronotum
and mesonotum obsolete ; tegmina elongate, considerably narrower
than the wings, apical margin (including apical and posterior angles)
rounded, costal membrane very slightly broader than radial area,
transversely veined, a few transverse veins in radial area, longi-
tudinal veins strongly furcate and on apical area numerous, a
subapical transverse line formed by transverse veins defining a
close series of marginal longitudinal cellular areas ; wings much
broader than tegmina, a few transverse veins near apex, many of
the longitudinal veins furcate on outer area.
2002. Copsyrna maculata, Guér. (Poeciloptera) Voy. Bélang. p. 470
(1834) ; Icon. Regn. Anim., Ins. t. lviu, tf. 7 (1838) ; Spin. Ann.
Soe. Ent. Fr. 1859, p. 425; Stal (Copsyrna), Rio Jan. Hem. ii,
p- 69 (1862) ; Melich. (part.) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 224
(1901) ; Kirk. (Paramelicharia) Entomologist, 1905, p. 78.
Body and legs ochraceous, more or less cretaceously tomentose ;
a central spot on vertex continued to a little beyond middle of
face, eyes, two spots on pronotum, two long anterior linear spots
and four posterior marginal spots to mesontum black; apices of
Fig. 211.—Copsyrna inaculata.
the tarsi piceous; tegmina creamy-white, extreme base and the
radial area suffused with ochraceous ; transverse linear spots to
costal membrane becoming more attenuated beyond basal area, a
few transverse linear spots to radial area, a number of irregularly
shaped spots on disk to beyond middle, and three subapical linear
transverse fasciz piceous ; wings creamy-white.
Length excl. tegm, 11; exp. “teem. 26 to 36 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (fide Melichar).—Malay Peninsula, Java, Borneo,
Sumatra.
HANSENIA. 411
Genus HANSENIA.
Hansenia, Atrk. J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bomb. xiv, p. 53 (1902); 2d.
Entomologist, 1903, p. 79; Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi,
p. 228 (1901).
Type, H. glauca, Kirby.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) much narrower than pronotum, vertex
with the lateral margins laminately elevated; face longer than
broad, the margins laminately elevated ; pronotum subconically
produced anteriorly, but not extending to between eyes, centrally
obscurely carinate ; mesonotum convex, obscurely carinate ;
tegmina somewhat short but narrower than the wings, the apical
margin rounded, the apex subangulate, costal membrane much
broader than radial area, thickly transversely veined, radial area less
thickly transversely veined, the whole tegmen from a little beyond
base more or less reticulately transversely veined, a subapical
transverse line formed by transverse veins extending to apex of
clavus and defining a marginal series of numerous longitudinal
cellular areas ; wings broader than tegmina, an oblique vein near
apex of anal area, two transverse veins near apex, and some of the
longitudinal veins furcate on outer area.
2003. Hansenia glauca, Airdy (Peeciloptera) J. Linn. Soc., Zool.
xxiv, p. 154, t. vi, f. 14 (1891); Kirk. (Hansenia) Entomologist,
1903, p. 79.
Hansenia pulverulenta, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 229,
t. ii, f, 3 (1901); Kirk. J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bomb. xiv, p. 54
(1902) ; Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 88 (1903).
Hansenia kirbyi, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 229 (1901).
Head, pronotum, sternum, and legs very dark olivaceous, almost
black ; head, pronotum, and
mesonotum sometimes yel-
lowish, the latter with two
large blackish spots ; abdo-
men and under surfaces of
posterior tibize pale ochra-
ceous, abdomen above with
Fig. 212.—Hansenia glauca. some transverse dark spots ;
teemina pale or dark viola-
ceous, the apical marginal area always paler and more prominent
when the tegmen is dark violaceous; wings greyish with the
venation darker ; the body and especially the tegmina are always
cretaceously tomentose. yee
Length excl. tegm. 92 to 10; exp. tegm. 33 to 35 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Green). :
Some confusion has arisen in the identification of this species.
Kirkaldy (supra) stated that it was synonymous with the Neotro-
pical species described by Guérin (Ormenis pulverulenta). In this
error he states (vide Entomologist, 1903, p. 79) he was followed
412 FULGORID 2.
by Melichar, who, however, in another part of his monograph
(tom. cit. xvii, p. 70) again enumerates it under its proper genus
Ormenis.
Mr. Green has recorded that it sometimes covers the leaves of
certain Eugenia trees upon which the larva feeds, and when
disturbed flies out in clouds.
Genus BYTHOPSYRNA.
Bythopsyrna, Melich, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 224 (1901).
Copsyrna, Avrk. Entomologist, 1903, p. 78,
Type, B. circulata, Guér.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) much narrower than pronotum; vertex
broader than long, the lateral margins laminately elevated, trans-
versely ridged near base and a little widened anteriorly ; face
longer than broad, its lateral margins laminately ridged ; pronotum
rounded anteriorly, where it is finely centrally sinuate, its posterior
margin concave ; mesonotum long, tricarinate, the area of the
carinations forming a flat process ; tegmina somewhat elongate,
a little narrower than the wings, the apical margin (including
apical and posterior angles) rounded, costal membrane broader than
the radial area and closely transy ersely veined, radial area reticu-
lately veined, longitudinal veins furcate at a short distance from
base, on apical area the longitudinal veins are very numerous and
in many cases are furcate on the apical margin; wings broader
than tegmina.
2004. Bythopsyrna circulata, Guér. (Posciloptera) Icon. Regn. Anim.,
Ins. p. 361 (1838) ; Melich. (Bythopsyrna) Ann. Hofmus. Wren,
Kvi, p. 226, t. ii, f. 6 (1901).
Peeciloptera dianthus, White, A. M. N. H. xv, p. 36 (1845).
Body and legs ochraceous, a central spot to vertex, which is
sometimes continuous, with acentral fascia to face, lateral margins
Fig. 215,—Bythopsyrna circulata.
to face (sometimes broad, sometimes extremely narrow), eyes, two
spots to pronotum, six spots to mesonotum, anterior and inter-
mediate legs, and the tarsi of the posterior legs black or piceous ;
tegmina creamy-white, extreme base suffused with ochraceous,
FLATARIA. 413
costal, apical, and posterior margins (broken near middle of costa),
a curved longitudinal discal fascia, and an apical submarginal
curved fascia black ; wings creamy-white.
Length excl. tegm. 10 to 16; exp. tegm. 39 to 57 millim.
Hab. Malabar (Brit. Mus.). Burma; Momeit (Doherty).—
Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
The Malayan forms are a little darker in hue, with the black
fascie to the tegmina broader and less dislocated on costal
margin,
Division FLATARTA,
I propose this division for a series of genera which have the
apical margins of the tegmina truncate and not rounded; the
posterior angles of the apical margins are also always more or less
subacutely produced.
The Hatarea ave principally represented in the Ethiopian and
Oriental Regions.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Head with the vertex more or less sub-
acutely produced.
a. Tegmina about, or nearly, twice as broad
as long.
a. Radial vein not emitting a longitudinal
vein.
a’, Costal membrane about as broad as
radial area, the latter reticulately
MEINCC svar eee icra nce ahora ate oe PHYLLYPHANTA, p. 414.
b'. Costal membrane narrower than
radial area, the latter obliquely
reticulately vemed..........-... PuLastya, p. 417.
6. Radial vein emitting a longitudinal
vein at a short distance from base .. SALurRnis, p. 418,
b. Tegmina considerably less than twice as
' Ibroadbasiloneswac an tme wma sisisreers « Puana, p. 419.
B. Head with the vertex broadly and mode-
rately subconically produced ..... Fe Lawana, p. 420.
C. Ifead with the vertex short, anteriorly
truncate or angularly truncate.
a Costal membrane of tegmina smooth, not
eranulose.
a. Vertex of head about half as long as
broad.
a’, Costal membrane of tegmina nar-
rower than radial area ..... .».. SCARPANTINA, p. 422.
i’. Costal membrane of tegmina slightly
wider than radial area .......... COLOBESTHES, p. 423.
}. Vertex of head less than half as long
ASIOLOAT Mahiaa weer ass Eee Daksa, p. 425,
c. Vertex of head very narrow, almost
only appearing as a transverse ridge
im fronbiof pronotum. >... 3.22.00 BEATAL p..427,
b. Costal membrane of tegmina granulose . Sarapa, p. 426,
414 FULGORID.
Genus PHYLLYPHANTA.
Phyllyphanta, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 522 (1843) ; Melich. (part.)
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii. p.54 (1902) ; Kirk. Entomologist, 1903,
p. 79.
Cromna, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 85 (1857) *.
Type, P. producta, Spin., from the Malayan Archipelago.
Distribution, Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ;. vertex
somewhat longly and subacutely produced in front, centrally ridged,
its lateral areas oblique ; face longer than broad, smooth, its base
angularly narrowed, its lateral margins slightly ridged ; clypeus
more or less obliquely striate on its lateral areas; pronotum
extending before the anterior margins of eyes, strongly centrally
carinate, obliquely deflected on each side; mesonotum long,
obliquely deflected on each side, tricarinate ; posterior tibiz
bispinose ; tegmina as broad or slightly broader than wings,
apically ampliate, the costal margin arched and convex, the apical
margin truncate, its posterior angle angularly or subangularly
produced ; costal membrane about as broad or slightly narrower
than radial area, the former somewhat closely transversely veined,
many of the veins furcate, the latter reticulately veined, all the
tegmen more or less transversely reticulate except on apical margin,
where the veins are shortly longitudinal defining a marginal series
of elongate cellular areas ; clavus transversely veined above the
claval vein, beneath it coarsely granulate; wings with one or two
transverse veins near apex, many of the longitudinal veins
furcate.
2005. Phyllyphanta andamanensis, sp. n.
Body beneath and legs virescent with an ochraceous tint, tarsi
Fig. 214.—Phyllyphanta andamanensis.
ochraceous ; head with the vertex centrally longitudinally paler,
central carination to pronotum, carinations and anterior margin
to mesonotum also paler in hue; face, body beneath, and legs a
* Melichar (supra) has included Cromna, Walk. (J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 85,
1857), as a synonym of Phyl/yphanta, but shortly after, in his Monograph
(p. 58), he treats it as a distinct genus, incorrectly giving the type as C, per-
acuta, Walk., which is really the type of Co/gar, Kirk.
PHYLLYPHANTA. 415
little paler than above; tegmina virescent, the extreme costal
margin a little ochraceous ; wings creamy-white ; eves fuscous-
brown and situate on each side of the produced pronotum, the
lateral areas of which are distinctly rugose or subgranulose ;
mesonotum obscurely transversely striate between the longi-
tudinal carinations, the lateral areas smooth; face smooth, very
faintly, obscurely, and abbreviately carinate; tegmina with the
radial and basal longitudinal veins a little prominent, the claval
granulations very coarse.
Length excl. tegm. 11; exp. tegm. 32 millim.
Hab, Andaman Islands (Coll, Dist.).
2006. Phyllyphanta albopunctata, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv,
p- 156, t. vi, f.5 (1891); Melich. (Phyma) Ann. Hofmus. Wien,
xvii, p. 47 (1902).
Head (including face), thorax above, and legs dark virescent ;
abdomen, anterior angle of face, and the clypeus brownish-
ochraceous; tegmina virescent, the cellular areas more or less
greyishly tomentose, particularly so near the radial vein, and
more prominently so and forming two narrow discal fascie,
Fig. 215.—Phyllyphanta albopunctata.
the innermost oblique and situate a little beyond middle, the
other near apical margin, the extreme costal and apical margins
palely testaceous ; wings creamy-white, the venation a little
darker ; vertex of head directed a little obliquely upward, the face
smooth ; lateral areas of pronotum very faintly and sparingly
granulose; mesonotum almost smooth between the longitudinal
carinations ; tegmina with the radial and basal longitudinal veins
moderately prominent.
Length excl. tegm. 11; exp. tegm. 30 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Green).
2007. Phyllyphanta sinensis, Walk. (Poeciloptera) List Hom. ii,
p. 451 (1851) ; Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 489; Atkins.
(Flata) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 76 (1886) ; Melich. (Phyllyphanta)
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 56 (1902).
Peeciloptera cereris, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ahk. Forh, 1854, p. 247,
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum virescent; margins and
416 FULGORID ©.
central carination to pronotum darker green; mesonotum between
the carinations pale testaceous, the latter and the lateral areas
darker green ; abdomen, face, body beneath, and legs pale greenish-
ochraceous ; tegmina creamy-white with the venation very pale
ochraceous, the costal membrane and apical area more virescent, a
series of very small fuscous spots on apical margin extending to
apex of costal margin and to apical third of posterior margin ;
wings creamy-white; lateral areas of pronotum sparingly granulose;
mesonotum between the longitudinal carinations smooth ; tegmina
with the radial and basal longitudinal veins scarcely or not
prominent.
Length excl. tegm. 8 ; exp. tegm. 22 millim.
Fig. 216.—Phyllyphanta sinensis.
Hab. Assam (fide Melichar). Ceylon; Yatiyantota (Green).
Burma; Ruby Mines (Doherty).—Penang. Siam. Cochin China.
Cambodia. Celebes (Coll. Dist.). China.
2008. Fhyllyphanta? angulifera, Walk. (Cromna) Ins. Saund.,
Hom. p. 57 (1858); Atkins, (Flata) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 70
(1886).
“ Testaceous varied with green; head elongate, acutely conical ;
face with elevated borders, not keeled; face lanceolate; thorax
flat in the disk, with a slight ridge along each side; pronotum
transverse, slightly arched; tegmina green, slightly testaceous
along the interior border, with few veins and very few transverse
veinlets in the disk; marginal veinlets numerous, moderately
long; costa convex for two-thirds of the length from the base,
very slightly concave from thence to the tip, which is rectangular
like the interior angle, exterior border straight ; wings white.”
“ Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.” ( Walker.)
Hab. ‘* Hindostan.”
T have not seen this species.
PULASTYA. 417
Genus PULASTYA, nov.
Type, P. acutipennis, Kirby.
Mstribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Allied to Phyllyphanta, but differing by the much less produced
vertex of head and by the tegmina having the costal mem-
brane considerably narrower than the radial area, the latter
having distinct oblique transverse veins which are reticulately
connected.
2009. Pulastya acutipennis, Kirby (Phyllyphanta), J. Linn. Soc.,
Zool. xxiv, p. 156, t. vi, f. 6 (1891).
Phyllyphanta dubia, Kirby, tom. cit. p. 157.
Flata cornutipennis, Kirk. J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bomb. xiv, p. 58
(1901); Melich. (Phyllyphanta) (part.) Ann. Hofmus. Wren,
Xvli, p. 55, t. iii, f. 10 (1902).
Body more or less virescent, legs pale ochraceous; head, pro-
notum, and mesonotum with a central longitudinal pale castaneous
fascia which contains a central darker line; tegmina pale virescent,
becoming somewhat pale tawny towards apical area, most of the
cellular areas very obscurely centrally greyish, the posterior margin
Fig. 217.—Pulastya acutipennis.
from a short distance from base to end of claval area pale brownish,
and thence to outer angle finely spotted with pale brownish ; wings
creamy-white.
Length excl. tegm. 8 to 9; exp. tegm. 25 to 26 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Maskeliya, Kandy (Green). Tenasserim; Myitta
{Doherty). :
Kirkaldy proposed the name of cornutipennis for this species,
considering it was congeneric with acutipennis, Walk., a species of
Phyllyphanta, and therefore was clearly preoccupied. In my view
the two species belong to different genera, and hence Kirby’s name
stands.
VOL, III. 25
4i& FULGORID&.
Genus SALURNIS.
Salurnis, S¢@l, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1870, p. 773; Melich. Ann.
Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 40 (1902).
Type, S. granulosa, Stal, from the Philippines.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum, vertex
moderately conically produced; face a little longer than broad, a
little posteriorly and more strongly anteriorly narrowed ; pronotum
strongly subconically produced; mesonotum long, tricarinate ;
posterior tibize with one spine near apex; tegmina about as broad
as the wings, apically ampliate, costal margin rounded, apical
margin truncate, its posterior angle more or less acutely produced ;
costal membrane narrower than radial area, the first transversely
veined, the latter obliquely reticulate, radial vein forked and
emitting a longitudinal vein at a short distance from base, two
lower longitudinal veins transversely united before middle, the
whole tegmen more or less transversely reticulate, upper area
of clavus transversely veined, lower area granulose ; wings with
two transverse veins near apex, some of the longitudinal veins
bifurcating outwardly.
2010, Salurnis marginellus, Gué. (Ricania) Voy. ‘ La Coquille,’ Zool.
(2) p. 192 (1830) ; zd. Icon. Regn. Anim., Ins. t. 58, f.6 (1848) ;
ad. Voy. Bélang. Ind. Orient. p. 467 (1834); Atkins, (Flata)
J.A,S. Beng. lv, p.69 (1886); Melich, (Salurnis) Ann. Hofmus.
Wren, xvii, p. 41, t. v, f. 6 (1902).
Peeciloptera fimbriolata, Sta/, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1854, p. 247 ;
ad. (Phyllyphanta) ¢. c. 1865, p. 159.
Head, pronotum, sternum, and legs ochraceous, abdomen dull
ereyish-brown ; head, pronotum,and mesonotum with two central
Fig. 218.— Salurnis marginellus.
contiguous castaneous lines, outwardly margined with paler cas-
taneous; face with the basal angle pale castaneous; tegmina
PULAHA, 419
yellow or greenish-yellow, the margins pale castaneous-brown,
the posterior margin spotted, and a distinct spot at end of clavus,
the cellular areas finely greyish, and giving the appearance of what
Stal described as “ subtiliter granulata”’; wings cretaceous-white ;
in some specimens the mesonotum is narrowly bilineately pale
castaneous and gives indication of another more obscure linear
fascia on each lateral area.
Length excl. tegm. 7; exp. tegm. 20 to 22 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (fide Melichar). Great Nicobar (Coll. Dist.).
Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).— Malay Peninsula. Borneo. China
(fide Melichar).
2011. Salurnis uniformis, sp. n.
Body and legs pale brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina greenish-
ochraceous, basal half of costal membrane and the claval area
a little darker and more brownish, extreme apical margin and
outer third of posterior margin narrowly pale testaceous, claval
granulations brown; wings creamy-white; vertex of head a little
conically and upwardly produced; pronotum with an obsolete
central carination; mesonotum distinctly tricarinate; abdomen
above with some white cottony excrescence at base ; tegmina with
the apical margin a little sinuate, the posterior angle shortly sub-
acutely produced, radial vein emitting the first longitudinal vein
at a short distance from its base, radial area strongly obliquely
reticulate.
Length excl. tegm. 8 ; exp. tegm. 26 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karen Hills (Doherty).
Genus PULAHA, nov.
Type, P. contracta, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum, vertex
conically produced in front of eyes; face much narrowed at base,
less narrowed towards clypeus; pronotum scarcely broader than
vertex, anteriorly concavely produced, centrally carinate; meso-
notum tricarinate; tegmina short and broad, less than twice
as long as broad, costal margin arched and rounded at base, apical
margin truncate, the posterior angle acutely produced, costal
membrane a little broader than radial area, the first obliquely
transversely veined, its basal area rugosely reticulate ; longitudinal
veins strongly bifurcating, clavus coarsely granulose ; posterior
tibiz bispinose.
2012. Pulaha contracta, sp. n.
Body, legs, and tegmina uniformly ochraceous ; costal membrane
282
420 FULGORID&.
as seen from above when teginina are closed appearing as a basal
lateral projection; meso-
notum with the area of
the carinations forming an
ovate slightly raised pro-
cess; in some specimens
the costal area of the
tegmina is distinctly pale
virescent ; basal area of
costal membrane and the
clavus coarsely granulose,
Fig. 219.—Pulaha contracta. all the longitudinal veins
to tegmina prominent and
slightly raised, and more or less transversely reticulate towards
apical area ; legs somewhat short and stout.
Length incl. tegm. 7 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills (Hampson).
Genus LAWANA, n. nom.
Phyma, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 43 (1903), praoce. Col.
Type, ZL. candida, Fabr., a Malayan species.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, Malayan, and Neotropical
Regions (fide Melichar).
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; vertex broadly
subconical, moderately upwardly and forwardly produced, non-
carinate, smooth, the basal lateral margins laminately elevated ;
face moderately convex, basally centrally very obscurely carinate,
the lateral margins broadly laminately ridged, the apex slightly
and the base more distinctly narrowed ; pronotum about as long as
vertex, centrally carinate, the anterior margin carinate, a little
sinuate, and produced to anterior margins of eyes, posterior margin
strongly concave ; mesonotum tricarinate; posterior tibize obscurely
spinose; tegmina narrower than the wings, somewhat elongate,
apically ampliate, costal margin rounded, apical margin truncate,
its posterior angle subacutely produced, costal membrane nearly as
broad or very slightly narrower than radial area, the former some-
what closely transversely veined, the latter reticulately veined, two
longitudinal veins emitted beneath radial vein, both forked before
middle, nearly the whole disk transversely reticulately veined, the
outer area of the posterior margin with close short oblique veins,
upper area of clavus sparsely transversely veined, lower claval area
finely granulose; wings considerably veined in anal area, two
transverse veins near apex, several of the longitudinal veins
bifurcate outwardly.
2013. Lawana conspersa, Walk. (Colobesthes) List Hom. ii, p. 440
(1851); ¢d. (Peeciloptera) Ins. Saund., Hom. p. 51. (1858);
Atkins. (Flata) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 72 (1886) ; Melich, (Phyma)
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 46, t. 11, f. 14 (1902).
Body and legs dull ochraceous ; tegmina creamy-white or very
TLAWANAs 491
pale ochraceous, somewhat thickly sprinkled with small irregular
fuscous spots, sometimes many of the short reticulate veins being
of that colour, which give a narrow fasciate appearance, but are
Fig. 220.—Lawana conspersa.
not constant in character ; wings creamy-white, distinctly wider
than the tegmina.
Length excl. tegm. 10 to 14; exp. tegm. 33 to 45 millim.
Hab. Sylhet; Assam (Brit. Mus.). Sikhim. Caleutta (Jnd.
Mus.). Darjiling (Coll. Dist.). Ceylon (Coll. Dist.). Burma;
Karen Hills (Doherty).—Japan (Coll. Dist.).
2014, Lawana radiata, sp. n.
Body and legs ochraceous (abdomen mutilated in typical spe-
cimen); tegmina greyish with a faint roseate tint, and with two
orange-yellow linear fascize radiating from base, the uppermost
extending along radial vein, the other directed almost along inner
claval margin, apical margin with its posterior angle distinctly
palely roseate ; wings creamy-white; vertex of head broadly
conical ; face smooth, the lateral margins distinctly broadly ridged,
the base broadly subconical ; pronotum very indistinctly centrally
carinate ; mesonotum with the longitudinal carinations well pro-
nounced ; posterior tibiz very obscurely spinose ; tegmina with
the posterior angle strongly somewhat broadly angularly produced,
the posterior margin moderately concavely sinuate, apical angle
somewhat rounded, venation fine, radial vein most pronounced.
Exp. tegm. 47 millim. (abdomen mutilated).
Hab. Cachar (Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).
2015. Lawana? bicarinata, sp. n.
Body pale virescent, leys pale ochraceous ; tegmina pale virescent,
apical margin (including “apical angle) and outer third of posterior
margin finely piceously maculate; wings creamy-white ; vertex
somewhat strongly conically produced ; ; eyes brown ; face convex,
the lateral margins broadly ridged, the base narrowly conically
produced ; pronotum with two “central carinations ; mesonotum
long, distinctly tricarinate ; abdomen above pale greyish-virescent ;
422 EULGORID.
tegmina with the apical angle moderately rounded, apical margin
straight, posterior angle shortly subacutely produced; clavus
coarsely granulose beneath claval vein.
Length excl. tegm. 8; exp. tegm. 23 millim.
Hab. Bhutan (Coll. Dist.).
‘This species, here included in Lawana, differs in typical generic
characters by the bicarination of the pronotum; as I have, how-
ever, only a single specimen, and the thorax is rather compressed,
I have placed it provisionally in the genus.
Genus SCARPANTINA.
Scarpantina, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 245 (1901).
Type, S. stigmatica, Melich., from Borneo.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) much narrower than pronotum; vertex
broader than long, a little widened anteriorly, centrally carinate
and with the lateral margins laminately ridged ; face only slightly
longer than broad, non-carinate, a little narrowed towards clypeus,
which is somewhat long ; pronotum anteriorly subconvex, produced
to about middle of eyes, tricarinate, beyond the carinate area
broadly longitudinally furrowed behind eyes; mesonotum long,
convex, tricarinate, the carinations obliquely transversely united
near anterior margin; posterior tibiz bispinose ; tegmina apically
ampliated, about as broad as wings, costal margin arched and convex,
apical margin truncate, angularly produced at posterior angle,
costal membrane narrower than radial area, the former somewhat
closely transversely veined, the latter more sparingly obliquely
veined with some of the veins furcate, radial vein somewhat
thickened and prominent, second longitudinal vein strongly fur-
eate at a short distance from base, the whole area below radial
vein more or less transversely reticulate, on apical margin the
veins are shortly fureate, upper area of clavus transversely veined,
lower area somewhat coarsely granulose ; wings with two trans-
verse veins on apical area, many of the longitudinal veins
fureate.
2016. Scarpantina bimaculata, sp. n.
Body and legs ochraceous, the posterior legs greenish-ochraceous,
the abdomen above more or less greyishly tomentose ; tegmina
virescent, the margin very slightly and narrowly pale ochraceous,
the radial vein distinctly greyish, two oblique slightly waved
greyish fasciz on disk, the innermost just beyond middle and
narrowly reflected toward base along the lower longitudinal vein,
the outermost on apical area, each fascia near its middle enclosing
or nearly enclosing a small but prominent fuscous spot, a series of
widely separated small fuscous linear spots beneath radial vein
COLOBESTHES. 423
and some similar spots scattered above clavas, some faint greyish
suffusions on central disk near base, and some similar faint
=~
Tig, 221.-—Scarpantina bimaculata,
a
suffusions on apical area; wings cretacegous-white, slightly and
narrowly ochraceous at extreme base.
Length excl. tegm. 10; exp. tegm. 34 millim.
Hab. 8S. India; Trivandrum (Brit. Mus. § Coll. Dist.).
2017. Scarpantina modesta, sp. n.
Body and legs pale ochraceous, apices of the tarsi piceous ;
tegmina pale yellow, with short scattered fuscous linear spots
beneath radial vein and above clavus, two larger fuscous spots on
central disk of apical area, some very minute scattered fuscous
spots at base and near apical margin, the extreme margins very
faintly and narrowly pale ochraceous ; wings cretaceous-white.
Length excl. tegm. 9; exp. tegm. 32 millim.
Hab. 8. India; Trivandrum (brit. MJus.).
Beside the very different colour and markings which distinguish
this species from the preceding (S. bimaculata), the tegmina have
the radial vein concolorous and less prominent, and the posterior
angle of the apical margin is slightly less produced.
Genus COLOBESTHES.
Colobesthes, Amy. § Serv. Hem. p. 522 (1845); Melich. Ann
Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 42 (1902).
Type, C. falcata, Guer.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex
about half as long as broad, obliquely widened anteriorly, the
anterior margin broadly subtruncate ; face convex, a little narrowed
posteriorly, the lateral margins very broadly ridged, a strong
central carination not extending much beyond half its length, its
apex attached to a very obscure transversely curved ridge, and
on each side followed by an obscure discal curved carination ;
pronotum about as long as vertex, centrally sinuate at anterior
margin, which extends to the latitude of the middle of eyes, centrally
somewhat obscurely carinate ; mesonotum tricarinate ; posterior
424 FULGORIDA.
tibia bispinose; tegmina about as broad as the wings, apically
ampliated, the costal margin a little rounded, the apical margin
truncate with the posterior angle subacutely produced, costal
membrane slightly wider than radial area, the former somewhat
closely transversely* veined, the latter obliquely subreticulate,
two longitudinal veins emitted beneath radial vein, the lower one
forked at a short distance from base, the upper one bifurcate at
about one-third from base, most of the tegmen is obscurely trans-
versely reticulate, a distinct line formed of transverse veins near
apical margin defining a marginal series of narrow longitudinal
cellular areas; wings with two transverse veins on apical area,
many of the longitudinal veins bifurcating outwardly.
2018. Colobesthes falcata, Guér. (Poeciloptera) Voy. Bélang. p. 469,
t. iii, f. 5 (1834); Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p._ 430;
Amy. & Serv. (Colobesthes) Hém. p. 528 (1848) ; Atkins. (Flata)
J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 71 (1886); Melich. (Colobesthes) (part.)
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 48 (1902).
Colobesthes albiplana, Walk. J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 92 (1857).
Body and legs dull ochraceous; tegmina creamy-white, pale or
dark virescent and sometimes fawn-coloured (the last probably due
to discoloration), in the darker-coloured tegmina there is usually a
discal cretaceous spot beyond middle, and the anterior and apical
margins and the outer half of posterior margin at the area of the
short oblique veins ochraceous ; wings creamy-white.
Length excl. tegm. 16 to 20; exp. tegm. 50 to 56 millim.
Hab. Burma (fide Atkinson) —Malay Peninsula. Sumatra.
Java. Borneo.
The produced posterior angles of the tegmina vary in length and
development, the specimen figured above showing the minimum in
that direction.
Melichar has included in the synonymy of the above the species
described by Walker as Peciloptera addita = P. plana, Walk.,
which is not congeneric, an error the more strange as Walker has
referred to a figure given by Stoll as representing his P. addita.
DAKSHA, 425
Genus DAKSHA, nov.
Type, D. marginata, Walk.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than pronotum ;
vertex short, very much broader than long, its anterior margin
moderately obliquely angular on each side, centrally carinate, ‘its
lateral margins ampliately striated ; face longer than broad, slightly
convex, its lateral margins prominently laininately ridged, with a
central carination extending for about half its length from base
and followed on each side by an obscure curved carination, which
meet anteriorly and posteriorly, thus enclosing the distinct central
one ; clypeus long with a central carinate line; pronotum con-
siderably longer than vertex with a distinct central carination, on
each side of which the disk is anteriorly obliquely channelled, its
posterior margin strongly concave ; mesonotum long, tricarinate ;
Fig. 223.—Daksha marginata.
posterior tibiz with a moderately long robust spine; teemina
ampliated at apical area, where they are as broad as wings, the
costal margin a little rounded, the apex almost subacute, apical
margin sinuately truncate, posterior angle acutely produced, costal
membrane about as wide as greatest breadth of radial area, the
former somewhat closely transversely veined, the latter obliquely
reticulate, two longitudinal veins emitted from lower end of cell
beneath the radial vein, both strongly furcate, the first near, the
second before middle, all the veins distinctly transversely reticulate
on middle disk, much less distinctly so on apical area, where the
veins are close and longitudinal and mostly furcate on apical
margin, clavus transversely veined above the claval vein, beneath
it granulose, about outer half of posterior margin obliquely trans-
versely veined; wings with a few discal transverse veins, apical
portion of anal area distinctly obliquely veined.
2019. Daksha marginata, Walk. (Colobesthes) J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i,
p- 92 (1857); Atkims. (Flata) J. A. S. Beng. ly, p. 73 (1886);
Melich. (Nephesa) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 106 (1902)
Body and legs pale ochraceous ; pronotum obscurely virescent ;
426 “FULGORID &.
tegmina very pale greenish-erey, their extreme margins ochraceous
and the outer half of the posterior margin at the area of the
oblique veins ochraceous, sometimes a small fuscous spot or
fuscous suffusions on the posterior angulate prolongation of the
apical margin; wings creamy-white ; pronotum with the anterior
central excavation subtriangular, traversed by the central carination
and with its lateral margins obscurely ridged; mesonotum with
the lateral carinations curved inwardly before anterior margin, the
area enclosed by the carinations slightly testaceous.
Length excl. tegm. 10; exp. tegm. 40 millim.
Hab. Burma (fide Atkinson).—Malay Peninsula. Borneo.
Genus SATAPA, nov.
Type, S. sicula, Dist.
Mstribution, Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex
much broader than long, its anterior margin a little roundly
truncate ; face about as broad as long, centrally and marginally
carinate ; pronotum scarcely as long as vertex, centrally carinate,
posterior margin angularly emarginate; mesonotum very obscurely
tricarinate ; legs short, posterior tibia not spined; tegmina short,
not twice as broad as long, costal margin strongly convexly arched
and a little sinuate before apex, apical margin strongly truncately
sinuate, the posterior angle broadly subacutely produced, costal
membrane about as broad as radial area, sparingly granulose,
radial vein moderately dilated, all the veins prominent, on apical
area somewhat transversely reticulate, a submarginal apical line
formed of transverse nervures defining a marginal series of cellular
areas, Clavus very broad, its basal posterior area very coarsely
granulose ; wings with the veins furcate near outer area.
2020. Satapa sicula, sp. 2.
Head, pronotum, body beneath, and legs brownish-ochraceous,
Fig. 224.—Satapa stcula.
mesonotum and abdomen above darker brown; tegmina pale
tawny-brown, the venation fuscous, an elongate greyish spot
FLATA. 427
extending from near apex ‘of costal margin to about middle of
tegnien, this spot is outwardly margined with fuscous, the tegmen
is a little suffused with fuscous at base and beyond middle ; wings
greyish, very slightly tinged with pale fuliginous, the veins fuli-
ginous ; margins of vertex finely ridged; eyes piceous; tegmina
with the costal membrane sparingly coarsely granulose, posterior
basal margin of clavus broadly obliquely thickly granulose, the
surface of the tegmen is not flat but a little unevenly inflated, the
claval commissure being very pronounced and the clayus medially
obliquely gibbous.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Puttalam (Green).
2021. Satapa granulosa, sp. n.
Body and legs very pale tawny-brown; tegmina pale tawny-
brown, obscurely grevishly tomentose, especially on the veins
which are very prominent, costal membrane and posterior basal
margin of clavus very coarsely granulose, the disk very unevenly
inflated, the costal membrane and clavus obliquely divergent, the
first deflected, the latter reflected, apical margin distinctly darker
brown between the veins; wings greyish-white, the venation pale
brownish. Differs from S. sicula in having the posterior angle of
the teemen a little less produced and outwardly recurved, the
apical angle considerably less rounded, the costal margin less
regularly convex and distinctly sinuate near middle; in the type
specimen, which is here described, the apex of the abdomen is
furnished with a long white cottony appendage.
Length exel. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 15 millim.
Hab. Bombay (Coll. Dist.).
Genus FLATA.
Flata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. pp. 511 & 517 (1798); Stal (part.),
Hem. Afr. iv, p. 241 (1866).
Cryptoflata, Melich. (part.) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 19 (1902).
Type, F. ocellata, Fabr.
Distribution. Oriental, Malayan, and Ethiopian Regions.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum; vertex
broad and very narrow, almost appearing as a transverse ridge in
front of pronotum; face a little longer than broad, centrally
anteriorly carinate, the lateral margins moderately ridged; clypeus
subtriangular; pronotum somewhat broad, conically produced
between eyes, centrally cariuate ; mesonotum long, tricarinate, the
lateral carinations obscure; posterior tibie obscurely spinose ;
tegmina about or nearly twice as long as broad, the costal margin
a little rounded, the apical margin truncate, its posterior angle a
little acutely produced, costal membrane about as broad as radial
area, the former somewhat closely transversely veined, the latter
428 FULGORID2.
reticulately veined, two longitudinal veins emitted close together
beneath the radial vein, both fureate, the first at about middle,
the second before middle, the whole tegmen more or less trans-
versely reticulate, a distinct subapical line formed of transverse
veins defining a marginal series of longitudinal areas ; wings with
two transverse veins near apex, some of the longitudinal veins
outwardly bifurcating.
2022. Flata ocellata, Fabr. (Cicada) Syst. Ent. p. 682. 1 (1775); id.
(Flata) Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 517. 2 (1798) ; Spin. (Peeciloptera)
Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1889, p. 441; Germ. (Ricania) Mag. Ent.
ili, p. 224 (1818); Std (Flata), Hem. Fabr. 11, p. 107 (1869) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 68 (1886); Kirk. J. Nat. Hist. Soc.
Bomb. xiv, p. 53, t. A, f. 5 (1902); Melich. (Cryptoflata) Ann.
Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 21, t. iii, f. 19 (1902).
Peeciloptera stellaris, Watk. List Hom. li, p. 453 (1851).
Peeciloptera argiolus, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1855, p. 191.
Cryptoflata flay oguttata, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. W ten, XVU, p. 21
(1902).
Body and legs pale ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous, the pro-
notum and mesonotum sometimes not concolorous; tegmina very
pale virescent, the venation a little darker, interspersed with small
dull sanguineous spots, extreme edges of costal and posterior
margins pale ochraceous ; wings creamy-white ; tegmina with the
Fig. 225.—Flata ocellata,
clavus somewhat coarsely granulose, the costal membrane slightly
cretaceously tomentose, the apical margin a little sinuate before
posterior angle.
Length excl. tegm. 8; exp. tegm. 23 millim.
Hab, Tranquebar. Ceylon; Kandy and Kelani Valley (Green).
I cannot separate the Ceylonese form, described by Melichar as
flavoguttata, from typical F. ocellata. Its describer writes : “ Very
like ocellata, but considerably larger (only 2 millim. in length) ;
body pale yellow ; ; two strong orange-yellow longitudinal stripes on
pronotum and mesonotum; tegmina pale yellowish or greenish-
white with numerous large scattered orange-yellow spots; in
ocellata the spots are very small and generally exhibit a dark central
dot; otherwise like oceliata, and perhaps only a variety.”
FLATA. 429
2023, Flata ferrugata, Fubr. (Flata) Syst. Rhyng. p. 50. 19 (1803) ;
Stal, Hem. Fabr, ii, p. 108 (1869); Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. lv,
p- 68 (1886) ; Melich. (Cryptoflata) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii,
p- 22 (1902).
Poeciloptera antica, Walk. List Hom. ii, p.456 (1851) ; Atkins.
(Flata) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 73 (1886).
Peeciloptera indocilis, Walk. Ins. Saund., Hom. p. 55 (1858) ;
Atkins. (Plata) J. A. S. Beng. lv. p. 70 (1886).
I have compared the types of both species of Walker (supra)
with the description given by Stal, who had examined the type of
the Fabrician species of F. ferrugata, and agree with Melichar in
considering them as conspecific. Stal’s description is here repro-
duced :—“ Very palely subtestaceous flavescent, here and there
covered with a whitish powdery substance ; wings whitish; apical
margins of the last two segments of the abdomen, in 9 at least,
black towards the sides; very close to F. ocellata, Fabr., hardly
differing, except in coloration, unless in having the apical com-
missural angle of the tegmina a little less produced and somewhat
straight, not distinctly acute ; pronotum with a less distinct single
median ridge; head truncate, vertex very obtusely angulated
anteriorly, concealed by the pronotum ; face a little longer than
its breadth beneath the middle, gradually slightly amplified from the
base to beyond the middle, thence on both sides obtusely rounded
and furnished with an obtuse median ridge running through it,
slightly impressed on both sides within the lateral margins, not
tumescent at the base; pronotum with a median ridge.” (Stdl.)
In some specimens the tegmina are virescent, in others suffused
with ochraceous or flavescent-testaceous, or wholly of that colour,
or 1n some virescent specimens the extreme margins of the tegmina
are dull ochraceous or testaceous.
Length excl. tegm. 7 to 8; exp. tegm. 17 to 26 millim.
Hab, Tranquebar. Kangra Valley (Dudgeon). Deccan (Day).
Himalaya (Coll. Dist.). Ceylon; Maskeliya (Green).
Division NEPHESARIA.
Tegmina never twice longer than broad, usually about one and
a half times as long, the apical margin truncate, but the posterior
angle not produced ; wings generally as broad, or nearly as broad,
as the tegmina.
This division comprises a large number of genera found in all
the warmer regions of the world and our knowledge of it is at
present very limited. To it belong many of those small Flatine
which have a somewhat common facies, but which when the
venation of the tegmina and other characters are studied are found
to belong to the most divergent genera, They have been little
collected, but are as interesting, and deserve as much attention, as
the Micro-Lepidoptera.
In British India alone a large collection could be made, and
these remarks apply also to the preceding and following divisions.
430 FULGORID 4.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Tegmina more or less discally transversely
veined,
a. Tegmina with two transverse lines formed
of transverse veins on oti area before
apical margin ..... Boos a0. MELICHARIA, p. 430.
b. Tegmina with a sinele ‘transverse line
formed of transverse veins on apical area
hefore*apical margin: 7. ¢see same k HILAvRiTa, p. 432.
c. Tegmina without a transverse line before
pict margin.
t. ‘Tegmina with an apical marginal series
of longitudinal cellular areas formed
by the furcation of the longitudinal
On eins.
. Face tricarinate ; tegmina not con-
vexly arched at base, nearly straight. Nrpuesa, p. 454.
b'. Face unicarinate; tegmina strongly
arched at base ....... Styere ati eons CRYPTOFLATA, p. 435,
6. Tegmina without a regular apical mar-
ginal series of longitudinal cellular
areas.
a’. Pronotum twice as long as vertex of
head ; clypeus laterally transversely
striate: (ctw mage at ne Nakita, p. 436.
b’. Pronotum a little longer than vertex
of head ; clypeus not striate ...... UnNnNaTA, p. 437.
B. Whole discal area of tegmina without
transverse Veins ...... siete: seks eave ag). L RUASA Der aoy
Genus MELICHARIA.
Melicharia, Avi. Entomologist, xxxiii, p. 294 (1900).
Ormenis, Melich. (part.) Aun. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 64 (1902).
Type, MW. quadrata, Kirby.
Distribution. Oriental and, probably, Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex
much broader than long, centrally and laterally strongly carinate,
a little obliquely broadened anteriorly, the anterior margin trun-
cate; face broad with a central carination extending about halt-
way from base, the lateral margins very broadly reflexed; clypeus
elongate ; posterior tibize with two spines, the apical one short ;
pronotum a little longer than vertex, distinctly centrally carinate ;
mesonotum long, tricarinate ; tegmina about one and a half times,
or nearly twice, as long as broad, the costal margin very slightly
rounded, the apical margin truncate, the posterior margin nearly
straight, costal membrane a little wider than the radial area, the
former strongly transversely veined, some of the veins furcate,
the latter more sparingly and somewhat reticulately veined, first
longitudinal vein emitted from radial vein close to its base, second
longitudinal vein from upper end of cell, both strongly furcate
before middle, two transverse lines formed of transverse veins on
MBELICHARIA, 431
apical area, the outermost nearly obliquely straight defining a
series of narrow longitudinal marginal cellular areas, broadest
near posterior angle, the inner transverse line less well defined ;
clavus with very obsolete scarcely discernible transverse veins in
its upper area, strongly eranulose beneath claval vein; wings
broader than tegmina, with two transverse veins near apex and
some of the longitudinal veins outwardly fureate.
2024. Melicharia quadrata, Kirby (Peeciloptera), J. Linn. Soe., Zool.
xxiv, p. 154, t. vi, f. 8 (1891); Melich. (Ormenis) Ann, Hofmus.
Wien, XVil, p. 84. (1902) ; cd. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 90 (1903).
Melicharia sinhalana, Avrk. Entomologist, xxxiul, p. 205 (1900).
Head (including face), thorax above, clypeus, and legs pale
green ; abdomen, apices of tibiz, and the tarsi pale brownish-
ochraceous ; tegmina pale green, extreme costal, apical, and outer
third of posterior margins testaceous ; wings creamy-white ; radial
vein of tegmina strongly sinuate towards base, the venation to
radial area being subobsolete on basal half; vertex of head with
the central and lateral carinations very prominent and acute, the
lateral angles distinet ; clypeus with two central fascie formed of
short oblique testaceous strie; central ridge to face very
prominent, but scarcely reaching from base to middle, lateral
margins broadly reflexed ; abdomen above with a short oblique
black linear spot on each side of apex, anal appendage centrally
linearly Puccuies
Length excl. tegm. 73; exp. tegm. 22 millim.
Hab. Assam ; Margherita (Doherty). Trivandrum (Coll. Dist.).
Ceylon ; Pundaluoya, “Kandy , Peradeniya (Green).
2025. Melicharia lutescens, Walk. (Poeciloptera) List Hom. Suppl.
p. 117 (1858) ; Stal (Flata), Ofe. Vet.-Ak. Forh, 1862, p. 490 ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng g. lv, p. 72 (1886); Melich. (Paratella)
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 122 (1902).
Body and legs ochraceous ; in fresh specimens the pronotum is
ornamented with two longitudinal central testaceous fascie ;
* In the above four the Geusverse veins in upper claval area appear
far too prominent, they are practically obsolete.
432 FULGORID®.
tegmina pale, shining ochraceous; wings creamy-white; the
mesonotum is somewhat profoundly channelled on each side of
the central carination ; the face is less acutely centrally carinate
than in the preceding species (JZ. quadrata), but with the clypeus
marked, though more faintly, as in that species ; tegmina with the
radial area strongly obliquely transversely veined, the radial vein
not sinuate.
Length excl. tegm. 7; exp. tegm. 20 to 22 millim.
Hab. “* North Hindostan” (Brit. Mus.). Bombay (Coll. Dist.).
026, Melicharia lactifera, Waik. (Poeciloptera) List Hom. ii, p. 450
(1851); Atkins. (Flata) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 75 (1886); Melich.
(Ormenis ?) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 98 (1902).
Ormenis conflicta, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 83 (1902).
Ormenis pallida, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 91, t. iv,
f. 23 (1902).
Body and legs pale yellowish-white; tegmina milky-white,
sometimes a little suffused with pale yellow, more particularly
at the base and on extreme edge of posterior margin for about
two-thirds from base ; wings pale milky-white; face with a short
distinct central carination barely reaching middle, the lateral
margins broadly reflexed ; clypeus with brownish obliquely trans-
verse lines, sometimes very faintly visible ; tegmina about one and
a half times as long as broad, apical margin sharply truncate,
apical angle very slightly rounded, the posterior angle almost
rectangular.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 21 millim.
Hab. “ North India” (Brit. Mus.). Darjiling (fide Melichar).
Ceylon; Kandy, Yatiyantota (Green).
Genus HILAVRITA, nov.
Type, H. trimaculata, Dist.
Distribution, Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex
broad, narrow, truncate in front, the lateral margins ampliately
elevate; face a little longer than broad, centrally carinate for
about half its length, the lateral margins somewhat broadly
reflexed ; clypeus strongly centrally carinate ; pronotum coarsely
rugosely granulate, anteriorly convexly produced between eyes,
posteriorly subtruncate, medially sinuate ; mesonotum raised,
long, obsoletely tricarinate ; tegmina about one and a half times
as long as broad, costal and posterior margins subparallel, apical
margin truncate with the apical and posterior angles rounded,
costal membrane slightly wider than radial area, the first closely
transversely veined, the latter obscurely, subreticulately veined, a.
transverse line formed of transverse veins before apical margin,
not reaching inner margin, before which it is followed by a short
HILAVRITA. 433
curved line beginning from near end of clavus, before the trans-
verse line the disk is for some distance considerably reticulate ;
posterior tibiz bispinose. ,
Differs from Melicharia principally by the shorter tegmina and
by the subapical venation to same. ,
2027. Hilavrita trimaculata, sp. n.
Body and legs pale ochraceous, slightly here and there cretace-
ously tomentose ; tegmina pale tawny-yellow, finely greyishly
tomentose, with three large brown spots placed in somewhat
transverse series before middle, the uppermost near end of radial
area, the lowermost near end of clavus, and the central and larger
Big. 227.—Hilavrita trimaculata.
spot a little nearer base than either of the other two, between
the veins on costal and apical areas the colour is a little darker,
and so are a number of speckles on basal disk and also the trans-
verse subapical lines; wings very pale fuliginous with the veins
darker ; pronotum very coarsely rugosely granulate ; radial vein to
tegmina sinuate and a little prominent, claval suture considerably
impressed and the clavus moderately obliquely raised and coarsely
eranulose.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 9 millim.
Hab, Ceylon (Green, Brit. Mus.).
2028. Hilavrita fatua, Melich. (Ormenis) Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 90
(1903).
Head (including face), clypeus, and legs ochraceous ; pronotum
and mesonotum black, greyishly tomentose, their lateral areas
ochraceous; abdomen ochraceous, more or less transversely blackish
and greyishly tomentose ; tegmina bluish-black, thickly greyishly
tomentose, the margins and claval suture pale ochraceous, with
faint indications of three darker black spots arranged as in preceding
species (H, trimaculata) ; wings pale greyish-violaceous, the veins
black ; the tegmina beneath are much less greyishly tomentose
and more uniformly bluish-black, the costal margin and claval
suture being very prominently ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Green, Brit. Mus.).
VOL. III.
bo
ty
434 FULGORID&.
Genus NEPHESA.
Nephesa, Amy. § Serv. Hém. p. 527 (1843) ; Sta, Berl. ent. Zeitschr.
vi, p. 313 (1862) ; 7d. Hem. Afr. iv, p. 287 (1866) ; Atkins, J. A. S.
Beng. lv, p. 82 (1886) ; Melch. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 101
(1902).
Type, WV. rosea, Spin.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions. Ethiopian ?
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum; vertex
broad, narrow, anterior margin truncate, anteriorly a little widened
on each side, the lateral margins ridged ; face a little Jonger than
its greatest breadth, on its anterior area centrally and sublaterally
carinate, narrowed towards clypeus, which is slightly elevated above
the plane of the face; pronotum anteriorly convexly produced,
with a faint central ridge which is not quite percurrent ; meso-
notum long, tricarinate; tegmina more or less elongately
subtriangular, the margins nearly straight, narrower than the
wings, costal margin about as wide as the radial area, sometimes
a little wider, the former closely transversely veined, the latter
more or less reticulate, the whole surface finely transversely
reticulate, two longitudinal veins emitted from upper end of
basal cell beneath the radial vein, both strongly furcate at a
short distance from base, and ramifying into a series of closely
arranged longitudinal veins which are closely and furcately
cellularly arranged on apical margin; wings with two transverse
veins near apex.
2029. Nephesa coromandelica, Spin. (Poeciloptera) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.
1839, p. 440; Atkins. (Flata) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 74 (1886) ;
Melich. (Nephesa) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 106, t. ii, f. 9
(1902).
“ g, 9. Head, dorsum of thorax, and tegmina grass-green, the
rest (including wings) of
a lighter green, veins
deeper ; second joint of
the antennae, exterior
border of the external
flap and of the entire
discoidal space of the
tegmina orange; third
; joint of the antenne
Fig. 228.—Nephesa coromandelica. and its filament, spines
on tibiz and the tarsi
black.” (Sptnola.)
“Length 20; exp. tegm. 35 millim.” (Melichar.)
Hab, Coromandel Coast (fide Spinola).—Java (fide Melichar).
This is a rare species in collections and I have not as yet
seen a specimen which | could absolutely identify with Spinola’s
CRYPTOFLATA, 435
description. Melichar states that the type is in Signoret’s
collection, now contained in the Vienna Museum, so that the
figure he gives (supra) may be accepted as finally settling the
question.
Genus CRYPTOFLATA.
Cryptoflata, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 19 (1902).
Type, C. untpunctata, Oliv., an Ethiopian species.
Distribution. Oriental and Ethiopian Regions.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum; vertex short,
broad, anteriorly a little angularly truncate, centrally and laterally
ridged ; face longer than broad, centrally ridged for about half its
length from base, | lateral margins strongly ridged, convexly narrowing
_ to clypeus, anterior margin of vertex a little prominent above the
facial base ; pronotum much longer than vertex, centrally pro-
minently ridged; mesonotum somewhat long and faintly tri-
carinate ; posterior tibize bispinose ; tegmina nearly twice as broad
as long, costal margin arched at base, apical margin a little
roundly truncate, apex subangulate, costal membrane about or
nearly as wide as radial area, the first closely transversely veined,
the latter reticulately veined, first and second longitudinal veins
arising from a common origin at upper end of cell, the upper
bifurcating near middle, the lower one bifurcating much nearer
base, the whole area more or less transversely reticulate, the veins
somewhat regularly bifurcate at apical margin, forming a series of
longitudinal cellular areas, clavus strongly granulose; wings a
little broader than tegmina.
2030. Cryptoflata guttularis, Walk. (Nephesa) J. Linn. Soc., Zool. i,
p. 160 (1857); zd. (Poeciloptera) List Hom. Suppl. p. 1 (1858) ;
Stal (Flata), Ofr. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 490; Atkins. J. A. 8.
Beng. |v, p. 75 (1886) ; Melich. (Cryptoflata) Ann. Hofmus.
Wien, p. 20, t. iii, f. 21 (1902).
Body and legs pale ochraceous, more or less cretaceously
tomentose, especially on the abdomen above and the body beneath ;
Fig. 229.—Cryptoflata guttularis.
tegmina opaque milky-white, sparsely ornamented with black spots,
the costal and apical margins obsoletely pale ochraceous ; wings
milky-white ; head with the vertex medially and centrally strongly
Dy ah
436 FULGORID2.
ridged, the angles of the lateral margins anteriorly prominent ;
eyes more or less suffused with piceous ; pronotum smooth with a
very strong central ridge ; mesonotum moderately raised with its
disk flattened ; wings transv ersely veined near apex, some of the
longitudinal veins bifureate a little before outer margin.
Length excl. tegm. 10 to 103 ; exp. tegm. 37 to 38 millim.
Hab. Assam (fide Melichar). Burma; Karen Hills (Doherty).—
Java. Borneo. North China.
Genus NAKTA, nov.
Type, WV. stoliezkana, Dist.
Distribution. North-west India.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex
very narrow, the lateral margins laminately raised ; face about as
broad as long, centrally keeled throughout its entire length, its
lateral margins laminately raised ; clypeus long, transversely
obliquely striate on each lateral area ; pronotum at least twice as
long as vertex, centrally carinate ; mesonotum long, tricarinate :
tegmina about half as long again as broad, the costal margin
strongly arched, the apical margin truncate with its apical angle
rounded, its posterior angle rectangular, costal membrane narrower
than radial area, the first. transversely veined but the veins scarcely
reaching the costal edge, the latter faintly obliquely veined, costal
vein prominent, first longitudinal vein emitted from radial vem
at a short distance from base, second longitudinal vein from upper
end of cell, both strongly furcate, the whole tegmen transversely
reticulately veined, anterior area of clavus transversely veined, its
posterior area coarsely granulose; wings narrower than tegmina.
2031. Nakta stoliczkana, sp. n.
Body and legs dark brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina pale creamy-
brown, a little pale tesiaceous on basal area and costal membrane,
the costal vein and base of radial vein distinctly testaceous, a
marginal series of minute fuscous spots commencing on costal
Fig. 230.—Nakia stcliczhana.
margin near apex and continued throughout the whole length of
apical margin, about five small widely separated fuscous spots at
upper edge of costal membrane, a few fuscous granulations beneath
base of radial vein, the granulations to clavus also pale fuscous ;
wings creamy- -white with the veins darker (the figure represents
UNNATA. 437
the typical specimen, in which the anal areas of the wings are
mutilated) ; clypeus very distinctly obliquely transversely striate
on each lateral area.
Length excl. tegm. 6; exp. tegm. 20 millim.
Hab. Sind Valley (Stoliczka).
Genus UNNATA, nov.
Type, U. intracta, Walk.
Distribution. Brit. India.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum; vertex short,
broad, a little ampliate anteriorly, centrally carinate, the lateral
margins very distinctly ridged; face almost as broad as long, a
little widened towards clypeus, centrally and marginally ridged,
strongly concave at base of clypeus ; pronotum longer than vertex
and distinctly medially carinate ; mesonotum tricarinate ; posterior
tibie apparently without spines ; tegmina nearly half as long again
as broad, costal margin arched and convex on basal half, apical
margin truncate, the apical angle slightly rounded, the posterior
angle rectangular, costal membrane distinctly narrower than radial
area, the first closely transversely veined, the latter obliquely
reticulately veined, the whole tegmen transversely reticulately
veined, first longitudinal vein emitted from radial vein near base,
second from upper end of cell, both strongly furcate ; wings about
as wide as tegmina. ;
Allied to Sephena, Melich. (type S. spargula, Walk.), from which
it may be at once separated by the relative breadths of the costal
membrane and radial area. In Sephena these are equally broad,
or the former very slightly broader than the latter.
2032. Unnata intracta, Waik. (Peeciloptera) List Hom. Suppl. p. 116
(1858); Atkins. (Flata) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 70 (1886) ; Melich.
(Sephena ?) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 129 (1902).
Body grass-green, abdomen paler ; legs pale greenish-ochraceous,
the anterior and intermediate tibie and tarsi pale testaceous ;
Fig. 231.— Unnata intracta.
lateral margins of pronotum and mesonotum a little paler ; tegmina
dark grass-green, anterior margin of costal membrane rather
broadly pale ochraceous, extreme edge of apical margin and of
posterior margin beyond clavus pale ochraceous, apical half of
posterior claval margin testaceous, claval vein paler and somewhat
greyish ; wings creamy-white with a very pale bluish tint.
438 FULGORID2.
Length excl. tegm. 6; exp. tegm. 19 millim.
Hab, Punjab (Brit. Mus.).
I only know this species by the unique type in the British
Museum ; it is probably, as is the case with most of these smaller
specnes, of a much wider distribution than we can at present
record.
Genus TEJASA, nov.
Type, 7. umbrata, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (ineluding eyes) narrower than pronotum; vertex about
half as long as broad, a little ampliate anteriorly, broadly centrally
carinate, the lateral margins ridged ; face a little longer than broad,
centrally broadly carinate, the carination becoming evanescent
posteriorly, lateral margins laminately ridged; clypeus elongate,
posterior tibiz obscurely spined ; pronotum short, scarcely longer
than vertex, its anterior margin only moderately convexly produced,
centrally obscurely carinate ; mesonotum only of moderate length,
obscurely tricarinate ; tegmina about half as long again as broad,
costal margin arched at base and moderately rounded, apical
margin truncate, costal membrane slightly wider than radial area,
the first coarsely transversely veined, the latter with only a few
oblique veins, a curved submarginal line formed of transverse
veins commencing at end of costal membrane and continued
before apical margin to about apex of clavus, defining a series of
marginal narrow longitudinal cellular areas, discal area without
transverse veins, radial vein prominent, two longitudinal veins from
upper end of basal cell both strongly furcate, their ramifications
forming a numerous series of other longitudinal furcate veins,
clavus without transverse veins on its anterior area, the posterior
area beneath claval vein strongly granulose ; wings about as wide
as tegmina.
2033. Tejasa umbrata, sp. n.
Body and legs umber-brown, margins of the abdominal segments
distinctly much paler and more ochraceous ; tegmina very pale umber-
Fig. 232.—Tejasa wmbrata.
brown, the costal membrane and apical margin apparently darker,
caused by the closer venation, claval granulations prominent ;
wings dull creamy-white, the veins pale umber-brown or ochra-
ORYXA. 439
ceous ; the lateral margins of face, clypeus, and legs paler and more
ochraceous ; mesonotum a little paler and more ochraceous, with
two longitudinal discal umber-brown fascie placed between the
central and lateral carinations ; both apical and posterior angles
of tegmina subangularly rounded, the disk smooth, clear and closely
longitudinally veined ; the anterior lateral margins of the vertex of
head prominent and subangulate.
Length excl. tegm. 6 to 63; exp. teem. 16 to 18 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills (Hampson).
Genus ORYXA.
Oryxa, Melich. Ann. Hofmus, Wien, xvii, p. 50 (1902).
Type, O. truncata, Linn.
DMstribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
This genus has been founded by Dr. Melichar for the reception
of the species described by Linnzeus as Fulgora truncata. There
is, however, some doubt as to the identity of this species, and
Melichar has selected some Bornean specimens as representing it.
On the other hand, certain specimens from North Bengal are placed
under the specific name of Linneus in the British Museum, one
of which I have figured. Either of these may be correctly identified,
or, on the contrary, neither may represent it. As it is given as
the type of the genus Oryva, and there is so much difficulty as to
its identification, I have only drawn attention to the genus, and
have not attempted its diagnosis.
2034. Oryxa truncata, Linn. (Fulgora) Syst. Nat. i, p. 704. 8 (1767) ;
Fabr. Spec. Ins. ii, p. 315. 11 (1781); Westew. (Peeciloptera)
Tr. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 151 (1841); Atkins. (Flata) J. A. S.
Beng. lv, p. 74 (1886); Melich. (part.) (Oryxa) Ann. Hofmus.
Wren, xvii, p. 50 (1902).
Fig. 283.— Orywxa truncata?
“ Whitish-green ; wings deflexed, compressed, posteriorly trun-
cated; frons a little advanced, obtuse.” (Linn.)
The specimen here figured stands in the British Museum under
440 FULGORID®.
the name of truncata, Linn., and is probably erroneously identified ;
were it to prove conspecific, it might well be placed in the genus
Cryptoflata. This evidently proves that it is not the Linnean
species as indentified by Dr. Melichar, and L thus briefly diagnose
it:—Body and legs pale ochraceous; head and thorax above
virescent ; tegmina pale virescent, the costal mar gin narrowly pale
ochraceous ; ; feemina creamy-w hite ; ; structural “characters as in
the genus Cr yptoflata.
Length excl. tegm. 9; exp. tegm. 25 millim.
Hab. North Bengal (Brit. Mus.).
Division SELIZARIA.
The principal character of this division is found in the elongate
and narrow tegmina, always twice as long as broad; the tegmina
also have their apical margins truncate, either straightly or a little
sinuately, and their posterior angles sometimes broadly produced.
The Selizaria comprise small and dull-coloured species which
are still little known, for they offer small attraction to the
ordinary collector and are probably somewhat difficult to find.
Both the British Museum and my own collection contain but few
species and not many specimens.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Tegmina with the posterior angles Mee
produced ees artes oss Sng eke Moe Ree ee sess NELIZA, p. 440.
5b. Tegmina with the posterior angles not pro-
duced.
aa Hace longer than broad, oj. -tcj0 = ay = GOMEDA, p. 445.
b, Face about as broad as long.
a. Tegmina with a single transverse apical
submarginal line.
a’. Outer disk of tegmina transversely
reticulately veined: ites su SUM .. Farona, p. 444.
b'. Outer disk of tegmina without trans-
VETSe'VEINS® Links Mote on- ctamoek saa KKETUMALA, p. 446.
b. Tegmina with two transverse apical sub-
maroingl lines 2 cece Ue oe ANAYA, p. 447.
Genus SELIZA.
Seliza, Stal, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iv, p. 312 (1862); Melich. Ann.
Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 136 (1902).
Type, S. vidua, Stal.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions, and recorded from
the Island of Sokotra.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; vertex slightly
prominent, sometimes medially ridged; face a little longer than
SELIZA. 441
broad, centrally carinate, lateral margins broadly laterally ridged,
clypeus elongate, laterally finely obliquely striate ; pronotum
barely as wide as head, centrally carinate ; mesonotum tricarinate ;
tegmina about twice as broad as long, costal margin arched at
base, more or less sinuate before apex, apical margin truncately
sinuate, apical angle rounded, the posterior angle broadly roundly
posteriorly produced, costal membrane about as broad or a little
narrower than the radial area, the first closely transversely veined,
the latter with a few very obscure transverse veins which are
scarcely visible, tegmen more or less transversely veined on apical
disk, sometimes also from end of radial area to subapical transverse
line, sometimes for only half that distance, a subapical marginal
line connected with costal vein defining a series of narrow
longitudinal marginal cellular areas; wings about as broad as
tegmina ; posterior tibize with two spines.
2035. Seliza vidua, Stal (Poeciloptera), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1854,
p- 248; td. (Seliza) Berl. ent. Zeitschr. vi, p. 312 (1862); Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 77 (1886); Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien,
Xvii, p. 187, t. vii, f. 11 (1902).
“ Vellow-testaceous ; vertex furnished at the base with an arcuate
ridge, and towards the base between the eyes with a longitudinal
ridge ; tegmina subparallel, one and a half times longer than the
breadth (in Melichar’s figure they are twice as long as broad, and
Stal had evidently misdescribed the character), beyond the middle
both outwardly and inwardly sinuate, roundly truncated at the
apex, adorned with a broad black fuscous patch, clavus inwardly
tuberculate ; head yellow-testaceous, at the base itself with a sub-
arcuate transverse ridge, face somewhat longer than the breadth,
reflexly margined, furnished with a small ridge towards the base ;
antenne flavescent, third joint fuscous; pronotum yellow-testaceous,
semicircularly subelevated behind the head; mesonotum yellow-
testaceous, convex, almost four times longer than the pronotum ;
tegmina rounded outwardly from the base, then subparallel,
sinnated outwardly and inwardly behind the middle, roundly
truneate at the apex, testaceous-yellow ; a large longitudinal
patch, abrupt before the middle, black-fuscous; clavus longi-
tudinally carinately elevated inwardly; body beneath and legs
testaceous-yellow.” (Stal.)
“ Length 5; exp. tegm. 14 millim.”
Hab. India ( fide Atkinson).—Malacea.
I have not seen this species, which is evidently easily recognized
by the large black discal patch to the tegmina.
2036. Seliza ferruginea, Walk. (Elidiptera) List Hom. ii, p. 333
(1851) ; S¢al (Seliza), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 490 ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. \v, p. 78 (1886) ; Melich. (part.) Ann. Hofmus.
Wien, xvii, p. 138 (1902).
Head (including face), pronotum, body beneath, and legs ochra-
ceous, apex of vertex and extreme base of face plceous ;
442 FULGORID”.
mesonotum piceous, its lateral margins narrowly ochraceous :
tegmina pale brownish ochra-
ceous, claval and apical areas a
little darker; wings pale fuli-
ginous, the veins piceous; the
vertex is without a prominent
central carination, but the lateral
and anterior margins are dis-
tinctly ridged, the face has the
central carination fine and per-
Fig. 284.—Seliza ferruginea. current, and there is a short
sublateral carinate-like fold on
each side of basal area; the clypeus has a central pale longi-
tudinal line and is finely obliquely striate on each side; the
lateral carinations to the mesonotum are roundly transversely
connected before the anterior margin; the transverse reticulations
to the tegmina commence at the latitude of apex to radial area,
but only oceupy about half the space between that and the
subapical transverse line; basal posterior half of clavus coarsely
and a little darkly granulose.
Length 10 millim.
Hab. N.W. India (Brit. Mus.). Bombay (Brit. Mus.).
The type is here figured.
2037. Seliza partita, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 138, t. vii,
f. 18 (1902).
Closely resembling the preceding species (S. jerruginea, Walk.),
and differing by the venation of the tegmina, in which the trans-
verse reticulations extend from the latitude of the apex of radial
area to the subapical transverse line; in the specimen before me
the base of costal area, the central disk, an irregular costal spot
before apex, and the posterior claval area are pale brownish
ochraceous, while the remaining surface is more or less piceous
or piceous-brown ; wings fuliginous with the veins piceous.
Length excl. tegm. 7; exp. tegm. 22 millim.
Hab. N.W. India, Dehra Dun (Mackinnon); Darjiling (fide
Melichar).
2038. Seliza truncata, Walk. (Flatoides) List Hom. ii, p. 419 (1851) ;
Stal (Seliza), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 490; Atkins. JAS.
Beng. |v, p. 77 (1886); Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii,
p. 140 (1902). ,
Body and legs uniformly ochraceous; mesonotum somewhat
piceous; tegmina pale ochraceous, the veins brownish-ochraceous,
transverse reticulations only extending about halfway between the
latitude of the radial area and the submarginal apical line, and
not reaching the posterior margin ; claval granulations very fine,
thick on basal half, much more sparingly distributed on apical
half of its posterior area; wings pale fuliginous with the veins
GOMEDA. 443
piceous ; face with the central carination strongly developed, the
sublateral carinate-like folds obscure, a distinct’ small central
projection at base ; clypeus rather strongly laterally striate.
Fig. 255.—Seliza truncata.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 15 millim,
Hab. N. India (Brit. Mus.).
2039. Seliza? nigropunctata, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 152
(1891); Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 141 (1902) ; ¢d.
Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 91 (1903).
Ormenis fuscata, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 73 (1902).
Head, legs, and body beneath brownish-ochraceous ; pronotum
and mesonotum piceous-brown; abdomen above brownish with
the segmental margins paler; tegmina pale brownish-ochraceous
with the venation darker, costal membrane arched, not sinuate,
apical margin truncate, the posterior angle moderately produced,
costal membrane nearly twice as broad as radial area, transverse
reticulations on outer disk almost extending to subapical trans-
verse line, clavus above claval vein with a few strong transverse
veins, beneath the vein darkly granulose on basal half, on basal
area there are a few scattered piceous granules; wings pale
fuliginous with the veins piceous.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 14 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Putalam (Green).
This species differs from the generic characters of Seliza, at
least as 1 regard them, by having the costal membrane of the
tegmina nearly twice as broad as the radial area, and the costal
margin convex, not sinuate.
Genus GOMEDA, nov.
Type, G. abdominalis, Kirby.
Mstribution. Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex
somewhat longly subtriangularly produced in front of eyes,
its lateral margins straight immediately before eyes and then
obliquely narrowed to apex, which is slightly conically tuberculous ;
face longer than broad, obliquely narrowed at base, centrally
carinate, the carination becoming evanescent posteriorly, the
lateral margins from where they cease to be obliquely narrowed
AAd FULGORIDZ.
somewhat strongly ridged; pronotum shorter than vertex, not
prominently medially ridged; mesonotum obscurely tricarinate ;
tegmina narrow, a little more than twice as long as broad, the
costal margin arched at base and somewhat strongly sinuate
before apex, apical margin truncate, the apical and posterior
angles rounded, posterior margin sinuate before its apex, costal
membrane scarcely or very little wider than radial area, the first
closely transversely veined, the latter with only a few transverse
veins commencing near middle, costal and radiai veins considerably
curved, the radial vein prominent, two longitudinal veins emitted
from upper end of basal cell both strongly furcate before middle,
disk beyond middle and before apical area reticulately veined,
thence the veins are longitudinal, forming narrow but elongate
cellular marginal areas and traversed by a medial line formed of
transverse veins; wings a little broader than tegmina.
2040. Gomeda abdominalis, Aviby (Phalenomorpha ?), J. Linn. Soc.,
Zool. xxiv, p. 151, t. v, f. 16 (1891) ; Melch. (Ormenis) Anz.
Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 75 (1902); id. Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p- 90 (1905).
Body and legs ochraceous ; abdomen with an oblique fuscous
lateral fascia on each side ; teemina very pale umber-brown, the
venation (especially the bases of the radial and upper longitudinal
veins) darker, a large greyish costal subapical spot and the apical
marginal area between the veins also greyish, the transverse veins
to the costal membrane are brownish but become ochraceous
Fig. 256.—Goneda abdominalis.
beyond middle ; wings pale creamy-white with the veins palely
fusecous; head with the apex of vertex a little tuberculously
prominent ; lateral margins to face and a central fascia to clypeus
a little paler ; tegmina with the radial area a little gibbous near
base, clavus above claval vein closely transversely ridged,
posterior area somewhat finely granulose.
Length excl. tegm. 6; exp. tegm. 17 to 18 millim.
Hab, Nilgiri Hills (Hampson). Ceylon (Green).
Genus FARONA.
Farona, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 142 (1902)
2),
Type, I. fuscipennis, Melich.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than pronotum ;
FARONA. 445
vertex about half as long as broad, the lateral margins ampliately
elevated; face narrowed to clypeus, very obsoletely centrally
carinate, but prominently so at base, where it appears as a short
longitudinal elevation, lateral margins broadly reflexed ; clypeus
long; pronotum scarcely longer than vertex; mesonotum very
obsoletely tricarinate ; posterior tibize with two spines before the
apex ; tegmina about twice as long as broad, costal margin
strongly arched at base, apical margin truncate, the apical and
posterior angles a little rounded, posterior margin nearly straight,
a little sinuate, costal membrane wider than radial area, the first
closely transversely veined, the latter with a few transverse veins
(some incomplete) beyond middle, two longitudinal veins emitted
with radial vein at upper end of basal cell, the first two bifurcating
before middle, the latter near its apex, a transverse subapical line
formed of transverse veins, connected with costal vein and ter-
minating near end of clavus, defining a series of narrow longitudinal
marginal cellular areas, radial area and clavus a little obliquely
raised, the outer disk before apical marginal area reticulately
veined ; wings about as long as teemina.
2041. Farona fuscipennis, Welich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 142
(1902).
Body and legs pale brownish-ochraceous ; abdomen with the
segmental margins narrowly paler and more greyish ; tegmina
pale tawny-brown, costal membrane, apical marginal area, and
apex of disk spotted with white, lower half of disk spotted with
piceous, most prominently so near its base and apex; wings
creamy-white with the veins a little darker; pronotum and
mesonotum a little obscurely speckled with darker brown ;
tegmina with the discal white spots becoming enlarged and fused
before the apical marginal area, the base of disk also obscurely
greyish. ro.
Length excl. tegm. 9; exp. tegm. 23 millim. i
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Doherty). Burma; Karennee (Fea).
TL am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Gestro, of Genoa, for
allowing me an opportunity of examining Melichar’s type of this
genus and species.
446 EULGORID_E.
Genus KETUMALA, nov.
Type, A. bisecta, Kirby.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; vertex broad,
narrow, anteriorly subtruncate, a little anteriorly laterally ampliate,
the lateral margins strongly ridged; face as broad as long, with a
short central carination not extending far from base, beyond
middle obliquely narrowed to clypeus, its lateral margins
moderately ridged ; pronotum strongly anteriorly produced ;
mesonotum without visible carinations ; tegmina about twice as
long as broad, costal margin arched at base, very slightly sinuate
before apex, apical margin truncate, posterior angle not produced,
costal membrane much wider than radial area, the first closely
coarsely transversely veined, the latter sparsely transversely veined,
a curved line proceeding from end of radial area to about apex of
clavus, defining narrow, elongate, longitudinal, marginal, cellular
areas, disk without transverse veins, claval suture profound, clavus
thickly finely granulose ; wings at base about as broad as tegmina,
veins stout and prominent; posterior tibia apparently trispinose
(imperfectly seen in type).
2042. Ketumala bisecta, Airby (Seliza), J. Linn. Soe., Zool. xxiv,
p. 152, t. v, f.5 (1891); Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 141
(1902) ; id. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 90 (1905).
Head, face, clypeus, body beneath, and legs ochraceous ; base
of vertex and extreme base of face black; pronotum black with
its lateral areas chocolate-
brown, its lateral margins
ochraceous; mesonotum
chocolate-brown with a
broad central longitudinal
black fascia, the extreme
lateral margins ochra-
Fig. 238.—Ketumala bisecta. ceous ; tegmina with the
disk purplish-brown, the
costal membrane, radial area, apical margin, and clavus pale fuscous-
brown, the claval suture greyish-white, the granulations to clavus
piceous; wings pale fuliginous, the veins piceous; the lateral
margins of the vertex are ridged and pale ochraceous; on the
apical margin of the tegmina the ground-colour between the
prominent veins is paler fuscous, the sutural margin wide and
prominent. '
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 15 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Patalam (Green).
I only know this species by the unique type in the British
Museum, and have not seen another specimen.
Land
ANAYA, 447
Genus ANAYA, nov.
Type, A. mesochlora, Waik.
Iistribution. Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex
short, broad, anteriorly subtruncate, centrally ridged and late-
rally carinate; face about as broad as long, centrally prominently
acutely ridged, laterally broadly laminately ridged; pronotum
about as long as vertex, medially ridged; mesonotum faintly
tricarinate ; tegmina about twice as broad as long, a little apically
ampliate, costal margin arched at base, thence somewhat obliquely
straight, apical margin truncate, the apical and posterior angles
subangularly rounded, costal membrane about as wide or slightly
wider than radial area, the first closely transversely veined, the
latter with only a few transverse veins near apex, first and second
longitudinal veins emitted at upper end of basal cell, both forked
before middle, a transverse line formed of transverse veins
connected with costal vein and continued to about apex of clavus,
defining an apical marginal series of longitudinal cellular areas,
before this line there is another discal, oblique, and more ill-defined
line, upper claval area smooth, beneath claval vein coarsely
granulose ; wings about as wide as tegmina.
2043. Anaya mesochlora, Walk. (Flatoides) List Hom. ii, p. 411
(1851); Sta (Ormenis), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 490;
Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 99 (1902).
Flatoides pustulatus, Walk. Ins. Saund., Hom. p. 48 (1858).
Body and legs ochraceous, vertex and face piceous; anterior and
intermediate legs streaked with piceous ; tegmina fuscous-brown
varying in depth of tint, in some specimens piceous on anterior
Fig. 239.—Anaya mesochlora.
and posterior basal areas, narrow disk from base to beyond middle
pale bluish-green containing about nine piceous spots, usually three
at base and three each in two oblique series ; wings pale fuliginous
with the veins fuscous; lateral areas of the pronotum somewhat
piceous; abdomen tinted with pale green, and extreme bases of
wings also of that colour. a
Length excl. tegm. 62; exp. tegm. 19 millim.
448 FULGORID.
Hab, Andaman Islands (De Roepstor ff, Coll. Dist.). Tenasserim ;
Myitta (Doherty).
Walker described this species as from an unknown locality ;
I have received it from the Andaman Islands and Tenasserim.
2044, Anaya spectra, sp. n.
Body and legs very pale ochraceous ; eyes piceous ; tegmina pale
opaque creamy-white, the costal and apical margins slightly tinged
with brownish, inner claval margin narrowly piceous, an oblique
pale brownish line before the subapical transverse line, disk with
some twenty or more small piceous spots, of which the largest are
three in oblique series a little beyond base, the smallest are outer-
most and extend into the subapical portion of the costal membrane,
above clavus is a somewhat large pale brownish spot; wings
creamy-white.
Length excl. tegm. 6; exp. tegm. 174 millim.
Hab. Andaman | Islands (De Roepstorff, Coll. Dist.).
2045. Gen.? ambrosa, Melich. (Ormenis) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii,
p. 74 (1902).
“ Yellowish-brown, body brown ; face broader than long with a
distinct middle keel; pronotum with two very fine punctures near
the anterior margin; mesonotum arched, tricarinate, middle keel
in front and lateral keels behind more strongly marked, apex of
mnesonotum cailous and piceous-black ; tegmina more than twice
as long as broad, a little broader posteriorly, where they are truncate
with rounded-off angles; radial area at base broader than costal
membrane; the latter oradually widened posteriorly, traversed by
thick transverse veins and set with numerous scattered granules,
two submarginal lines wider apart than is the outer one from apical
margin which is also parallel to it, the inner line undulate, both
connected with the costal vein ; the tegmina are yellowish-brown,
rather darker at base, the apical margin narrowly bordered with
brown ; wings brownish-yellow ; abdomen and legs brown.”
(Melichar.)
“Teneth, gd, 11 millim.”
Hab. * India orientalis” (Copenhagen Mus.).
2046. Gen.? albicosta, Melich. (Ormenis) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii,
p- 77 (1902).
“ Yellowish-brown; face and legs somewhat paler; tegmina
yellowish-brown, w ith a broad white costal margin, which at the
base occupies half of the costal membrane and at middle the
whole breadth of costal membrane, towards the costal margin the
tegmina are generally darker, clavus set with yellow granules almost
FLATOIDESARIA. 449
to the apex; wings smoky, paler at the base; face towards the
middle keel with two more very shallow folds which simulate keels,
but they are shortened above and below and are only perceptible by
a side light.” (Melichar.)
ec Length, 3, 94 to 10 millim.”
Hab. Nicobar Islands ( fide Melichar),
2047. Gen? proxima, Melich. (Ormenis) Ann. Hofmus. Wren, xvii,
p. 83 (1902); ad. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 90 (1903).
“Body yellow; tegmina pale green; face longer than broad,
narrowed towards clypeus, keeled in middle, yellow; pronotum
almost straightly truncate in front, without keels; mesonotum
slightly arched, without distinct keels ; tegmina more than twice as
long as broad, narrow, posteriorly tr uncately straight, angles slightly
rounded off, sutural part of apical margin slightly angulate at apex
of clavus, subapical line longly remote from apical margin, the space
between them more than the breadth of costal membrane ; tegmina
pale green, apical and sutural margins brownish ; abdomen and legs
yellowish, apices of spines of posterior tibize brown.’ (Melichar. )
“ Length 9 millim.”
Hab, Ceylon (fide Melichar).
Division FLATOIDESARTIA.
The principal character for the separation of this division
is found in the great breadth of the costal membrane to the
tegmina; this is three or four times broader (sometimes more)
than the radial area; the tegmina and wings when at rest are also
held in a more or less horizontal, or only slightly vertical, position.
This is one of the best-marked and most easily recognized divisions
of the Flatinw, and is found in all the warmer regions of the
world. We probably know at present only a moiety of those
found in British India, and my collection now contains an un-
described species from Ceylon and another from ‘Tenasserim,
both of which are in too imperfect a condition for proper diagnosis.
A thorough search for these insects by one who had acquired a
knowledge of their habits would probably result in the present
enumeration being at least doubled; and this remark applies to
several other divisions of this subfamily.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Vertex of head distinctly longer than broad.
a. Teomina little more than twice as long as broad ;
about as broad as Ww UNG Meteors takavoned teas . ATRACIS, p. 450.
B. Vertex of head as long as, or slightly longer, than
broad.
a. Tegmina nearly three times as long as broad,
distinctly narrower than wings ............ Gaga, p. 460.
C. Vertex of head broader than long Acai 3 ree . Bocwara, p. 463.
The genus Flatoides is enumerated, but not included in this
synopsis for the reasons stated at p. 459.
VOL. III. 2G
450 FULGORID &.
Genus ATRACIS.
Atracis, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 250 (1866); Athins. J. A. S. Beng.
lv, p. 81 (1886).
Flatoides, subgen, Atracis, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 174
(1902).
Type, A. pyralis, Guér., from the Malay Archipelago.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions. Probably more
widely distributed.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; vertex longer
than broad, sometimes distinctly foveate in front of eyes, or else
only moderately excavate between the ridged lateral margins ;
face considerably longer than broad, the anterior angles of the
lateral margins prominent or subprominent, smooth or sub-
obsoletely medially carinate ; pronotum shorter or slightly shorter
than vertex of head, rounded or subtruncately rounded anteriorly ;
tegmina about twice, or very little more than twice, as long as
broad, the costal membrane three or four times as broad as radial
area, two longitudinal veins from upper end of cell both strongly
forked a little beyond base, a number of transverse veins before
apical area, on which are transverse lines defining series of
longitudinal cellular areas, costal membrane more or less waved
and uneven; posterior tibiz with one spine.
2048. Atracis indica, Waik. (Elidiptera) List Hom. ii, p. 330 (1851) ;
Stal (Flatoides), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 489; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. lv, p.79 (1886); Melich. (Atracis) Ann. Hofmus.
Wren, xvii, p. 188, nec fig. (1902) ; cd. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 91
(1903).
Body and legs pale dull ochraceous ; tegmina ochraceous finely
mottled with fuscous-brown, each tegmen with a slightly curved
transverse fuscous - brown fascia
just beyond latitude of posterior
angle of mesonotum; vertex of
head longer than broad, coneave
beyond latitude of eyes; face
much longer tban broad, nar-
rowed anteriorly, the basal margin
rounded, with the anterior lateral
angles a little prominent, anterior
Fig. 240. —Atracis indica, margin and a spot on each side of
it fuscous-brown, a narrow central
brownish line and the posterior disk finely speckled with the
same colour; clypeus with a longitudinal series of oblique brown
striate lines on each side; posterior tibia with a single spine;
pronotum truncately rounded between eyes, with a prominent
central tubercle behind anterior margin, and very finely and
obscurely speckled with brown; mesonotum (somewhat crushed
in type) with some very fine brownish granules on disk ; tegmina
ATRACIS. 451
with the costal membrane very broad, four or five times wider
than the radial area, the margin more or less erosed and sinuate,
with four imperfectly defined brownish transverse fasciz on its basal
area, the last parallel with the discal transverse fascia, beyond
this the costal membrane is sparingly irregularly brownly spotted,
the tegmina are internally suffused with pale brown and the outer
disk before costal membrane irregularly sparingly spotted with the
same colour, the apical area possesses a number of fine pale brown
longitudinal spots.
Length inel. tegm. 15 millim.
Hab, “ French rocks near Madras ” (Brit. JJus.).
The above figure represents the type; the figure given by
Melichar may represent another species, as the head is distinctly
shown as longer and broader than in A. indica.
2049. Atracis munita, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 189
(1902) ; 2. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 92 (1903).
Vertex of head, pronotum, and mesonotum dull virescent, body
beneath and legs ochraceous ; mesonotum with a sublateral black
fascia on each side ; tegmina greenish, more ochraceous on costal
membrane, veins darker, and the whole surface more or less
cretaceously tomentose; a piceous slightly oblique transverse
fascia a little beyond the area of the posterior angle of mesonotum
and terminating at inner margin of costal membrane ; vertex of
head a little longer, but resembling in structure that of A. indica;
face about twice as long as broad, the lateral margins before
eyes sinnately narrowed to anterior margin, which is rounded with
the anterior lateral angles prominent, from eyes to apex a little
rounded and widened, two large black spots at anterior margin ;
posterior tibize with a single spine ; pronotum shorter than vertex
and anteriorly truncate; mesonotum with a small tubercle before
anterior margin, followed by a small transverse carination on each
side ; tegmina in general structure as in A. indica, but the trans-
verse veins on each side of the median suture much more raised
and prominent, spots on apical area larger, aud also distinguished
by the cretaceous tomentosity.
Length incl. tegm. 18 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy (Green, Brit. Mus.).
I identify a Ceylonese specimen described above as Melichar’s
species. Apart from the different colour and appearance of the
tegmina, it is to be separated from A. indica by the slightly longer
vertex and face.
2050. Atracis emersoniana, Walk. (Elidiptera) List Hom. Suppl.
p- 73 (1858) ; Melich. (part.) (Flatoides) Ann. Hofmus. Wien,
xvii, p. 224 (1902). y
Atracis latifasciata, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 187, t. ix,
f. 14 (1902) ; cd. Hom. Faun, Ceylon, p. 91 (1903).
Peeciloptera tennentina, Lmerson Tennent, Nat. Hist. Ceylon,
p. 433, fig. (1861) (sine descript.). ie
a G
452 FULGORID 2.
“Vertex twice as long as broad posteriorly, equally broad and
obtusely angulated in front, sides of head produced in acute
angles, sprinkled with brown ; face more than twice as long as
broad, the margins curved outwards before elypeus, disk finely
wrinkled, at tip spotted with black ; pronotum truncate in front,
lateral margins obtusely angulate, on each side a broad dark stripe
extending to the axillary angles ; mesonotum with indistinct dark
spots ; tegmina longer than broad, greenish or dirty-white, with
two dark transverse lines traversing the whole surface, between
which the coritum is coloured with yellowish-brown forming a
broad transverse band, the anterior margin straight, the posterior
Fig. 241.—Atracis emersoniana.
margin zigzag, a dark curved streak in clavus connecting outer vein
with claval suture and a marginal spot on costal margin before the
middle zone; green granules at bases of costal membrane and
clavus, indistinct granules in corium; wings milky-white ; abdomen
and legs yellowish-brown.” (Aelichar.)
“ Length 18 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon; Kandy (fide Melichar).
Melichar has placed as a synonym of this species the Peciloptera
tennentina, Walk., which, however, he had previously described
and figured as a distinct species in the genus Scarpanta (Ann.
Hofmus. Wien, xvi. p. 241, 1901): cf. Danavara tennentina (ante,
p. 404, f. 208). He has also redescribed and figured A. emersoniana
under the name of A. latifasciata, and to prevent confusion I have
copied his description and given a figure of Walker’s type.
2051. Atracis nietneri, S## (Phalenomorpha), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh.
1858, p. 452; Melich. (Atracis) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 192,
t. ix, f. 138 (1902) ; id. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 92 (1903).
Body and legs ochraceous or brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina
varying in hue from pale greyish-green to brownish-ochraceous,
with a distinct narrow fuscous-brown fascia, commencing at base,
renning along about half the length of claval suture, and then
obliquely upwardly and angularly extending to apex, where it is
broadened, it is also dislocated near middle where it is directed
towards posterior margin, the radial vein is also more or less suffused
with the same colour, a few irregular oblique fuscous-brown spots
ATRACIS. 453
is costal membrane, and more or less spotted with the same colour
on apical area, sometimes with a few small fuscous spots on disk
wings pale fuliginous, the veins very distinctly darker ; face with
two or three black spots at base, from about middle ampliated on
each side to clypeus; pronotum with two small discal callosities
and with an oblique black marginal line behind eyes ; mesonotum
with two discal black fascia commencing on posterior margin,
extending upward to a little beyond middle, then abruptiy turned
inwardly, and again narrowly closely longitudinally continued
towards anterior margin; costal membrane more than four times
as broad as radial area.
Length excl. tegm. 10 to 12; exp. tegm. 28 to 32 millim.
Hab, Ceylon; Kandy, Pundaluoya (Green).
Somewhat closely allied to the preceding species, A. emersoniana.
2052. Atracis consanguinea, sp. n.
Atracis nietneri, Std/, var. ?
Closely allied to the two preceding species, but separable by the
different markings of the tegmina and face; tegmina without the
percurrent fascia as in A. nietneri; face with a somewhat large
subbasal black spot; tegmina varying from pale virescent to pale
Fig. 242.—Atracis consanguinea.
testaceous more or less suffused with cretaceous, the radial area
obliquely prominent and paler in hue; clypeus with two longi-
tudinal series of transverse brown strie.
Length excl. tegm. 12; exp. tegm. 31 to 32 millim,
Hab, Ceylon (Green, Brit. Mus.).
The three species (?) A. emersoniana, Walk., A. nietneri, Stal,
and the above, have very much in common as regards structure, but
considerable diversity in the tegminal markings. The three must
be either regarded as distinct species or as varietal forms of one
species, and without further knowledge they are too dissimilar for
me to arrange them according to the latter method.
2053. Atracis erosipennis, S¢é/ (Phalenomorpha), Ofc. Vet.-Ak.
Forh. 1858, p. 451; Melich. (Atracis) Ann. Hofmus. Wien,
xvii, p. 190 (1902) ; id. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 92 (1903).
“Sordid white, cretaceously mouldy, above with tegmina palely
sordidly virescent ; three basal spots to face (lateral ones minute),
two streaks to the gene, the one before the eyes elongate, vitti-
454 FULGORID®.
form, a transverse arcuated line, and scattered punctures to vertex
blackish-brown ; pronotum moderately, minutely, behind eyes on
each side densely, mesonotum moderately, tegule densely and
confluently, and tegminal veins here and there speckled with
fuscous, costal margin erosed. Head longly produced before
eyes, about half as long again as broad, parallel, apex rounded,
margins moderately elevated, with a medial longitudinal linear
sulcation; face from base to nearly beyond middle distinctly
a little ampliated, afterwards subparallel, apex slightly narrowed,
base convex, with an obsolete longitudinal carination, scarcely
twice longer than the medial breadth; pronotum foliaceous on
each side, acutely angularly dilated; mesonotum with the disk
smooth, on each side at fegule densely sprinkled with fuscous ;
tegmina ample, towards apex somewhat narrowed, apex broadly
rounded, costal margin slightly trisinuate; wings white ; abdomen
beneath here and there infuscated ; posterior tibie with a spe
beyond middle.”’ (Stal.)
“ Length 12; exp. tegm. 35 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon.
I have been unable to connect this description with certainty
to any Cevlonese specimens which have passed through my hands.
2054. Atracis moelleri, sp. n.
Body pale emerald-green, legs ochraceous ; pronotum with a
central darker longitudinal fascia; mesonotum with an irregular
oblique piceous fascia on each side ; abdominal segmental margins
Fig. 243.—Atracis moelleri.
brighter and more intense emerald-green; tegmina very pale
emerald-green, much cretaceously tomentose, the radial area
especially so and prominent, extreme costal edge ochraceous, some
obscure fuscous irregular spots on posterior costal and apical
marginal areas, and a spot of the same colour beneath and a little
betore apex of radial area; wings cretaceous-white, with the veins
green; vertex of head longer than broad, obliquely narrowed
tuwards apex, which is truncate and a little paler in hue; face
long, obliquely narrowed in front of eyes, transversely impressed
ATRACIS. 455
before clypeus, which is laterally obliquely brownly striate ;
posterior tibize with one spine; pronotum shorter than vertex,
anteriorly truncate, lateral and anterior margins a little ridged ;
costal membrane about three times the breadth of radial area.
Length excl. tegm. 13; exp. tegm. 33 millim.
Hab, Darjiling (Moller, Coll. Dist.).
2055. Atracis perplexa, Jal. (Hlidiptera) Ins. Sawnd., Hom, p. 39
(1858).
Body and legs dull ochraceous; tegmina dull pale ochraceous,
extreme costal edge and a patch at base and on central disk bright
dark green, a broad transverse line near base extending from radial
vein to near claval suture, and a waved longitudinal narrow fascia
commencing at base, running through upper basal half of clavus
Fig. 244.— Atracis perplexa.
and extending to near apex, before which it broadly bifurcates,
castaneous-brown ; wings dull creamy-white, with the veins
brown; vertex of head longer than broad and somewhat deeply
foveate ; face very long, from the region of the eyes narrowed to
base, which is rounded, the posterior broader portion slightly
obliquely narrowed to clypeus, which is elongate; posterior tibiz
with one spine; pronotum shorter than vertex, the margins very
strongly ridged, the anterior margin roundly truncate ; mesonotum
depressed, with two callosities near anterior margin and one
on each side of lateral margins; costal membrane at least four
times as broad as radial area.
Length excl. tegm. 16; exp. tegm. 35 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Brit. Mus.).
2056. Atracis himalayana, sp. n.
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous, head and pronotum strongly
tinged with dull ochraceous-green ; tegmina dull ochraceous-green,
with a very strongly waved narrow longitudinal fascia extending
from base of clavus through about three-fourths the length
of tegmen, a large irregular subapical costal patch and some
apical submarginal spots or short lines castaneous-brown, extreme
456 FULGORID&®.
costal edge dull ochraceous ; wings very pale fuliginous ; vertex
of head elongate, longer than broad, a little narrowed anteriorly,
ridged between eyes, the ridge terminating in a callosity on each
side, a slight transverse depression immediately before anterior
Fig. 245,—<Atracis himalayana.
margin ; face longer than broad, strongly obliquely narrowed from
in front of eyes, behind which the lateral margins are strongly
reflexed, deeply transversely impressed before clypeus, the pos-
terior disk finely mottled with castaneous, the anterior disk with
a central line and the tip piceous; clypeus with two broad central
castaneous fascize; posterior tibize with a single spine; pronotum
much shorter than vertex, the anterior margin truncately rounded
and centrally a little sinuate; mesonotum finely mottled with
darker ochraceous and with some irregular black spots, of which the
most prominent are at base and near each lateral angle; costal
membrane about three times as wide as radial area.
Length excl. tegm. 12; exp. tegm. 33 millim.
Hab, “ Himalayas ” (Coll. Dist.).
2057. Atracis cretacea, sp. n.
Body and legs pale ochraceous, more or less sparsely ere-
taceously tomentose ; pronotum with a curved longitudinal black
line behind each eye ; meso-
notum with two angulated
black carinate fasciz on
anterior disk ; tegmina creta-
ceous, tomentose, the clavus
somewhat pale virescent, a
black irregularly-waved nar-
row longitudinal fascia. com-
mencing near base, traversing
claval suture for half its
Jength, and upwardly con-
tinued to apex, some irre-
gular black spots near base
between radial vein and clavus, a black spot at apex of
clavus, and some minute black spots on posterior edge of clavus,
ATRACIS. 457
extreme costal edge ochraceous ; vertex of head much longer than
broad, its apex rounded and the anterior lateral angles acutely
produced, a minute black spot at inner margin of each eye ; face
very long, anteriorly sinuately narrowed in front of eyes, the
lateral margins acutely prominent before tip, which is rounded and
marked with minute piceous spots or dots, transversely impressed
before clypeus ; posterior tibie with a single spine; pronotum
shorter than vertex and anteriorly truncate ; mesonotum (excluding
the black carinate fascie) smooth; costal membrane about four
times the breadth of radial area.
Length incl. tegm. 22 millim.
Hab. Malabar (Coll. Dist.).
2058. Atracis fimbria, Walk. (Hlidiptera) List Hom. ii, p. 331 (1851) ;
Atkins, (Flatoides) J. A. S. Beng. lv, p. 80 (1886); Melich.
(Atracis) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 199 (1902).
Body and legs ochraceous; tegmina dull ochraceous, the costal
membrane only minutely spetted with brown on the transverse
veins, beneath the radial area more distinctly mottled or spotted
with the same colour; wings sordid creamy-white, the venation
darker; vertex longer than broad, with a distinct central carination,
narrowed anteriorly, the margins ridged and with a transverse
ridge near base ; face longer than broad, narrowed from eyes to
base, which is a little thickened, lateral margins moderately ridged ;
posterior tibie with a single spine ; pronotum a little shorter than
Fig. 247.—Atracis fimbria,
vertex, medially carinate and laterally ridged, the lateral areas
foveate ; mesonotum with a black sublateral fascia on each side ;
tegmina with the costal membrane about four times wider than
the radial area, the radial vein very prominent and sinuate,
the edge of the costal membrane somewhat uneven but not erosed,
the clavus at posterior base fuscously granulose.
Length excl. tegm. 11; exp. tegm. 27 millim.
Hab. Sylhet (Brit. Mus.).
I only know this species by the unique type, which is here
figured.
458 FULGORIDE.
2059. Atracis insularis, sp. n.
Body and legs pale ochraceous ; pronotum with two somewhat
large black discal spots; mesonotum with two black spots on each
lateral area; tegmina greyish with a slight stramineous tint
sparsely mottled or spotted with fuscous-brown, the largest and
most distinct spots being placed on apical half of costal membrane
and on the apical marginal area, the basal disk practically im-
maculate, clavus principally spotted at base and apex; wings
milky-white, with the veins yellowish; vertex of head much
longer than broad, smooth, with a subcbsolete medial carination,
narrowed to apex, which is subtruncate, distinctly tranversely
ridged between eyes ; face smooth, without a medial ridge, strongly
narrowed anteriorly, a small black spot on each side before anterior
margin, lateral margins somewhat strongly reflexed, strongly
transversely impressed before clypeus, which has a paler central
longitudinal fascia; tegmina about twice as long as broad, costal
membrane about three times as broad as radial area, costal margin
obtusely angulate before middle; posterior tibize with one spine.
Leneth excl. tegm. 12; exp. tegm. 26 millim.
Hab. Andaman Islands (de Roepstorff, Coll. Dist.).
2060. Atracis conspurcata, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p.191,
t. ix, f. 9 (1902) ; 7d. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 92 (1903).
“Specimen described badly damaged and crushed so as to
prevent the head and thorax being pr ‘operly described. Vertex of
head more than twice as long as broad, flat, spotted with brown
at tip, the lateral angles acutely angularly produced ; face, pro-
notum, and mesonotum yellowish- brow n, two vy on pronotum
and large spots at sides of mesonotum fibre ; tegmina more than
twice as long as broad, costal membrane five or six times as broad
as radial area and traversed by close here and there forked trans-
verse veins, longitudinal veins slender, radial vein a little raised
and comb-like, numerous transverse veins and a subapical line,
outer vein in clavus curved and waved, the tegmina are pale
yellowish-white, semi-transparent, with numerous brown spots
and dots, which form here and there connected markings ; wings
white with yellowish veins; abdomen and legs yellowish-brown.”
( Melichar).
“Length 16; exp. tegm. 30 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon (fide Melichar).
I have not seen this species.
2061. mune pee Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 181,
t. vi, f. 3 (1902).
“* Head Fone as in A. consocia, Melich. (a Sumatran species),
also similar in form of tegmina, but the terminal cellular areas
about three or four times as long as broad; face thickly sprinkled
with brown, middle keel extending to middle of disk, sharply
FLATOIDES. 459
defined ; clypeus yellow, with brown transverse stripes ; tegmina
above deep yellowish-green, clavus brown, and from its apex extends
posteriorly a tree-like branching brown narrow fascia terminating
in a longish spot, on outer margin beyond middle a brown line
which is convex internally ; wings dirty-white with brown veins ;
abdomen and legs brown.” (Melichar.)
“‘ Length, 2, 12 millim.”
Hab, Assam ; Khasia (fide Melichar).
I have not seen this species.
Genus FLATOIDES.
Flatoides, Guér. Regn. Anim., Ins. p. 362 (1838); Stal, Hem. Afr.
lv, p. 248 (1866) ; Athins. (part.) J. A. 8. Beng. lv, p. 79 (1886) :
Melich. (part.) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 4173 (1902); 7d.
(subgenus) tom. cit. p. 174 (1902).
Type, F. tortriv, Guér., from Cuba.
Distribution. Apparently found throughout the principal zoo-
geographical regions.
Dr. Melichar gives as the principal divisional character of this
genus from Atracis, the possession by the posterior tibie of two
spines, while in Atracis they have only one. I have seen no
specimens from British India thus equipped, but Melichar has
described a species from Sikhim as a Flatoides, the diagnosis of
which I reproduce.
As I have neither seen the type of this genus nor the species
which is described as representing it in British India, I have been
unable to include it in the synopsis of genera.
2062. Flatoides servus, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii, p. 221
(1902).
“ Vertex a little broader than long, in front almost straightly
truncate, flat above, with a middle keel which splits in front and
forms a small triangular impression ; face distinctly longer than
broad, at the upper frontal margin as broad as clypeus, broadest
in middle, laterally angulated outwards, the disk directed hori-
zontally downwards, smooth, with a distinct middle keel, anterior
lateral angles short, almost rounded, with several brown spots ;
antennze short; mesonotum flattened, with sharp lateral keels
diverging anteriorly and a more obscure middle keel strongly
shortened posteriorly, several black spots on disk and two on each
side which are usually connected, two rather long spets on anterior
margin, and two round spots before apex; tegmina broad, twice
as long as broad. costal membrane three or four times as broad as
radial area and traversed by simple, sometimes forked, and brown
punctured veins, the longitudinal and apical areas also locally
punctured; in the whole corium are scattered small granules,
which form, especially behind basal cell and base of clavus, larger
masses; the whole body as well as tegmina dirty-green, with
460 FULGORID&.
several large irregular pitchy-brown spots; wings milky-white ;
abdomen and legs dirty-green.” (Melichar.)
“Length 17; exp. tegm. 32 millim.”
Hab, Sikhim (fide Melichar).
Genus GAJA, nov.
Type, @. definitiva, Dist.
Distribution. Ceylon, according to present knowledge, but
probably much more widely distributed.
Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than pronotum ;
vertex as long or a little longer than broad, more or less concave,
its apical area curved upward, lateral margins carinate, but the
anterior lateral angles not, or only slightly, prominent; face about
one and a half times, sometimes twice, as long as broad, its lateral
margins parallel or subparallel, anteriorly narrowed, medially
carinate or subcarinate; clypeus elongate; pronotum about as
long as vertex, its anterior margin rounded, its posterior margin
angularly sinuate; mesonotum bicarinate ; tegmina moderately
flat, more than twice, nearly three times, as long as broad, the
anterior and posterior margins parallel, apical margin rounded,
costal membrane three or four times as broad as radial area, the
first closely and distinctly transversely veined, the latter more
obscurely and sparsely transversely veined, two prominent longi-
tudinal veins emanating from basal cell, both strongly forked at a
short distance from base, the whole discal area more or less trans-
versely veined, except on apical area, where the veins are longi-
tudinal and where there is a submarginal line formed of short
transverse veins, inner area of clavus sparingly transversely veined,
posterior area obliquely thickly granulose at base ; wings broader
than tegmina, most of the longitudinal veins outwardly furcate.
2063. Gaja definitiva, sp. n.
Body fuscous-brown, pronotum and legs brownish-ochraceous ;
tegmina very pale brownish-ochraceous, with fuscous-brown spots,
Fig. 248.— Gaja definitiva.
of which the three largest are on costal membrane, about five
prominent but smaller on disk, with some irregular macular
GAJA. 461
markings on apical area ; wings pale fuliginous, the veins darker,
brownish on basal area; vertex of head with two straight central
lines and a more waved submarginal line on each side fuscous :
face with a central subcarinate fuscous line which does not quite
reach base, the lateral margins greyishly tomentose ; pronotum
coarsely granulose, its anterior margin ridged, with a small central
anterior callosity; mesonotum smooth, the lateral carinations
defining a raised flat central space which medially contains twe
dark central longitudinal lines; posterior tibie with an apical
spine ; tegmina with the costal margin a little waved, the radial
area obliquely prominent, the claval granules fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 8 ; exp. tegm. 22 millim.
Hab, Ceylon; Maskeliya (Green).
2064, Gaja inconspicua, Kirby (Phalenomorpha), J. Linn. Soc., Zool.
xxiv, p. 150 (1891); Melich, (Flatoides) Ann. Hofmus. Wien,
Xvli, p. 224 (1902) ; ed. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 92 (1903).
Body and legs ochraceous ; pronotum dull greyish; tegmina
dull greyish-brown with the veins darker; wings dull greyish-
white with the veins pale brownish; vertex of head with the
apical half considerably recurved and a little darker in hue, a
Fig. 249.— Gaja inconspicua.
central ridge on posterior half and the lateral margins also
ridged ; face with the basal and apical areas a little darker in hue,
and with an obscure medial subcarinate line; pronctum thickly
finely granulose, with a central ridge and two short transverse
lines on each side of it; posterior tibie with a single spine ;
tegmina with some scattered minute fuscous spots on disk, the
costal membrane and apical margin (excluding the veins) a little
paler and more greyish, on posterior margin beyond clavus there
is an obscure elongate brownish-ochraceous spot.
Length excel. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 18 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Green, Brit. Mus.); Bogawantalawa, Maskeliya
(Green, Coll, Dist.).
462 FULGORID®.
2065, Gaja facialis, sp. n.
Body and legs greyish-brown, apical half of abdomen pale
piceous ; tegmina dull greyish, much suffused with pale fuscous
and with scattered minute fuscous spots; wings very pale fuligi-
nous with the veins fuscous; vertex slightly longer than breadth
Fig, 250.— Gaja facialis.
between eyes, with a central line and the lateral margins fuscous ;
face very long, twice as long as broad, with its central area more
or less fuscous, anteriorly prominently narrowed where the margins
are fuscous; pronotum greyish, thickly finely granulose; meso-
notum with two dark central longitudinal fascie.
Length excl. tegm. 7; exp. tegm. 19 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Maskeliya (Green).
This species is to be recognized by the very elongate face, in
which respect it seems allied to the species described by Melichar
as Atracis subtilis, which, however, is stated to have the vertex
twice as long as breadth between eyes, and the face three or four
times as long as broad.
2066. Gaja? subtilis, Welich. (Atracis) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvii,
p. 195 (1902) ; ed. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 92 (1903).
“ Very like parva, Kirby, but particularly recognizable by the
long vertex and longer face; vertex twice as long as breadth
between eyes, conically narrowed in front and somewhat directed
upward, with a medial brown longitudinal stripe and with brownish
spots on each side which also form longitudinal fascie, anterior
lateral angles broad, acutely angular, with a brown dash; face
narrow, three or four times as long as broad, moderately arched
and marbled with light pale brown, lateral margins parallel and
sharpened ; pronotum medially as long as vertex, produced ante-
riorly into folds, slightly spotted with brown; mesonotum with
distinct lateral keels and flattened between them, spotted with
brown, the spots mostly forming longitudinal lines ; tegmina as
long as in parva, narrow, pale yvellowish-white with yellow veins
locally punctured with brown, radial area narrow, costal membrane
three or four times as broad as radial area, traversed by simple
BOCHARA. 463
veins here and there forked, and with a submarginal apical line ;
wings milky-white ; abdomen and legs pale yellowish.” (Melichar.)
“ Length 15 to 16 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon (fide Melichar).—Java. Borneo,
Genus BOCHARA, nov.
Type, B. parva, Kirby.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum, the vertex
broader than long, apically truncate, anteriorly, laterally, and
medially ridged ; face about half as long again as broad, slightly
but not prominently narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, basal
margin truncate, obscurely centrally carinate on basal half, the
lateral margins finely ridged; pronotum a little longer than vertex,
rounded anteriorly, slightly sinuate posteriorly ; mesonotum with
two discal longitudinal ridges obliquely transversely connected
anteriorly ; tegmina about two and a half times as long as broad,
the costal margin a little rounded, posterior margin straight,
apical margin rounded, costal membrane about three or four times
as broad as radial area, the first somewhat closely transversely
veined, the latter scarcely visibly veined, two longitudinal veins
emanating from basal cell, both biturcating, the uppermost nearer
base, numerous transverse veins on disk and an apical submarginal
line formed of transverse veins ; wings about as wide as tegmina.
2067. Bochara parva, Kirby (Phalenomorpha), J. Linn. Soc., Zool.
xxiv, p. 151 (1891); Melich. (Atracis) Ann. Hofmus. Wien,
xvii, p. 195, t. vi, f. 6 (1902); 2d. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 92
(1903).
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous; tegmina dull pale ochra-
ceous, the veins darker and many of them minutely spotted with
Fig. 251.—Bochara parva.
fuscous ; wings dull greyish with the veins darker ; vertex of head
with the margins and central carination darker in hue; face
minutely spotted or blotched with darker brown, the extreme
lateral and anterior margins paler, ochraceous ; pronotum greyish,
with the anterior margin ochraceous, the disk thickly and finely
464 FULGORIDA.
eranulose; mesonotum with two discal dark longitudinal fasciz ;
abdomen above somewhat greyish-brown.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 15 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Pundaluoya (Green, Brit. Mus.).
The above figure represents the actual type. In Melichar’s
figure the shape of the head and the venation of the wings are not
typical.
2068. Bochara nebulosa, sp. n.
Body and legs pale ochraceous; vertex of head with a central
fascia and the lateral margins piceous, with a short anterior
oblique piceous line between them; face with some piceous
speckles at base, and with a central piceous carinate line not
Fig. 252.—Bochara nebulosa.
extending beyond middle; pronotum with transverse fuscous
spots ; mesonotum with two central maculate or reticulate longi-
tudinal piceous fascize ; apical half of abdomen fuscous-brown ;
tegmina very pale ochraceous clouded and speckled with fuscous,
the darkest and most prominent spots being two near base, one
near end of basal cell, and another on claval area, many of the veins,
especially on apical area, minutely speckled with fuscous ; wings
very pale fuliginous, the veins darker; vertex of head slightly
broader than long; pronotum irregularly coarsely transversely
striate, the ‘anterior and lateral margins very distinctly ridged ;
mesonotum with the lateral ridges distinct and connected ante-
riorly ; costal membrane about three times as broad as radial area.
Length excl. tegm. 5; exp. tegm. 19 millim.
Hab, Ceylon ; Maskeliya (Green).
2069. Gen.? lyncea, Fubr. (Cicada) Ent. Syst. iv, p. 42 (1794); 7d.
(Flata) Syst. Rhyng. p. 55 (1803); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. lv,
p. 83 (1886).
‘Small; face flavescent, markings black; face glaucous, with a
dull black spot on both sides cinctured flavescent and a smali line
in the middle; thorax glaucous, with two rounded dull black
spots anteriorly ; tegmina and wings byaline, exterior margin
flavescent.” (Fabricius.)
Hab, * India.”
This is another uncertain species of which no exact information
is at present obtainable.
DRELPHACIN 2, 465
Subfamily XII. DELPHACIN A.
Delphacida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 181 & 175 (1866).
Delphacina, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 747; Atkins.
J. A, 8. Beng. lv, p. 35 (1886).
Delphacidee, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 11 (1903).
Asiracine, Kirk. J. Bomb, Nat. Hist. Soc. xiv, p. 52 (1902).
The Dephacine is the most easily recognized subfamily of the
Fulgoride by a single characteristic alone, which consists of a
long robust mobile spur attached to the apices of the posterior
tibia. We probably know less of these insects than of any other
group of the Fulgoride ; they are small and generally minute
species, easily overlooked and seldom collected, and although the
present contribution is a considerable advance in number of
genera and species to any previously given as found in British
India, it is absolutely certain that it only refers to a fraction of
the Delphacine really found in this region. The number of species
from Ceylon collected by Mr. EH. E. Green conclusively proves
what can be done by other workers in our Indian Empire.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Head not prominently produced in front of
eyes.
a. Head semicircular, vertex and face roundly
COMMNMOUS, eee pio. area slp uets Men PARANDA, p. 466,
b. Head not semicircular, vertex and face
more or less discontinuous.
Vertex of head broader than long.
a’. Tegmina with oblique veins on apical
a.
~
Costalvarea geri Nisa mtee cis els c PUNDALUOYA, p. 467.
b'. Tegmina without oblique veins on
aplealicostal area... sees. sews « UPACcHARA, p. 469.
b. Vertex of head longer than broad.
a’, Antenne very long and broad .... Purourra, p. 470.
6’. Antenne of moderate length.
a’, Face more than twice as long as
greatest breadth.
a°*, Vertex without a median trans-
verse ridge and non-foveate .. SoGara, p. 471,
6°, Vertex with a median trans-
verse ridge, behind which the
disk is foveate gaat). => sas Toya, p. 472.
6°. Face not more than twice as long
as ereatest breadth.
a*. Face with the carinations very
broad and prominent, the cen-
tral one furcate at base ...... NILAPARVATA, p. 479.
6? Face with the carinations only
moderately pronounced, the
central one not furcate at base. Kaxpa, p. 474.
VOL. III. ; 2H
466 FULGORID™®.
B. Head more or less longly produced in front
eyes.
a. Vertex of head three times as long as
breadth between eyes ...........4-- Sarvia, p. 475.
as long as breadth between eyes.
a. Face almost three times as long as
broad at clypousse ne eee .. ORcHESMA, p. 476.
6. Face not quite twice as long as broad
at clypeusi*. \..-e ane titer cre Sara, p. 478.
The genera Dicranotropis, Liburnia, Mestus, and Eodelphaw are
enumerated but not included in the above synopsis, as I have not
been able to examine the British Indian species which have been
included in them.
Genus PARANDA.
Paranda, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 92 (1903).
Type, P. globiceps, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
‘“‘ Head as broad as pronotum: vertex broad, convex, anteriorly
rotundately rounded; face semicircular, arched, between the eyes
half as broad as at clypeus, which is triangular, horizontal, keeled
at middle and sides; eyes very flat, appressed, seen from side
reniform ; antennze long, basal joint three times as long as broad,
second joint twice as long as first with a short bristle, an ocellus
near anterior margin of eye; pronotum narrow, flatly concave
behind ; tegule large; mesonotum triangular, arched, with five
longitudinal keels, the middle ones strongly converging in front ;
tegmina somewhat widened behind, parchment-like, with indis-
tinct veins, the apical part divided by a transverse fold from the
corium, curved downward, membranous, traversed by many simple
veins, three visible longitudinal veins in corium, the outer one in
middle of corium forked, a forked vein in clavus; wings hyaline ;
legs simple, posterior tibize with two spines, basal joint of pos-
terior tarsi almost twice as long as the two others together, at
base of tarsi a movable spur.
‘* A genus specialiy characterized by the semicircular shape of
the head and the very flat appressed eyes, as well as by the very
long flat antenne.” (Melichar.)
2070. Paranda globiceps, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 93, t. iii,
£10, a (1903).
“Black, shining ; vertex and face semicircular, thickly and finely
punctured, black, shining with bluish, with an indistinct middle
keel on the surface of face; clypeus dull yellowish-white, the
tip yellow to brown, antenne and legs brown; pronotum
and mesonotum shining black, the apex of mesonotum pale
PUNDALUOYA. 467
yellow ; tegmina parchment-like, the veins weakly prominent,
. with numerous small black granules
in rows, which are also present on
the apical region on the closely-
arranged apical veins: behind the
transverse fold is a _ roundish,
triangular, smooth, and_ strongly-
shining space bordered by a rusty-
yellow line, and behind this the
membrane is glassy, traversed by from
two to three granulose thickened
veins ; thorax and abdomen black ;
legs yellowish ; femora black; tibice
Fig. 253.—Paranda globiceps. black at base, middle, and apex.”
(Melichar.)
“ Length, 2, 4 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon ; Kandy (fide Melichar).
Genus PUNDALUOYA.
Pundaluoya, Kirk. J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiv, p. 52 (1902);
Melich. Hom. Faun, Ceylon, p. 93 (1903).
Type, P. ernesti, Kirby.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; vertex short,
broad, much broader than long, marginally and centrally carinate,
eyes large and oblique; face a little longer than broad, marginally
and medially strongly carinate, the medial carination bifurcate at
base, obliquely narrowed to clypeus from the region of the eyes ;
clypeus medially and laterally carinate; antenne inserted beneath
the eyes, second joint very robust with short spiny hairs ;
pronotum short, about as long as vertex, marginally strongly
and medially more obscurely carinate ; mesonotum tricarinate ;
tegmina elongate, nearly three times longer than broad, basal
half of costal margin sometimes arched and gibbous, apical margin
rounded, the veins finely granulose, three longitudinal veins
emanating from basal cell, the upper and lower bifurcating
beyond middle, a strongly sinuated transverse line formed of
transverse veins crossing tegmen beyond middle; posterior tibize
with a long robust apical spur.
2071. Pundaluoya ernesti, Kirby (Delphax), J. Linn. Soc., Zool.
xxiv, p. 140, t. v, f. 14 (1891); Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 94, tii, f. 12, a, 6, ¢ (1903).
“ Testaceous; head, face, and thorax strongly tricarinated :
teemina subhyaline, with a broad brown bar at one-fourth of
their length, running from the costa obliquely forward to the
inner margin, this is followed by a row of three black dots,
the first considerably below the costa, and the last resting on the
2H 2
468 EULGORID.
inner margin, the outer half of the tegmen is clouded, leaving a
semilunular vitreous space on the costa, below which the shade is
darkest, round the apex of the wings are eight black dots, two of
Fig. 254.—Pundaluoya ernesii.
which stand on the costa, within the clear space, and there is
another isolated spot near the inner margin at about half its
length ; the veins of the tegmina are set with hairs and in the
clouded space are black, spotted with testaceous ; wings hyaline.”
(Kirby.)
Length excl. tegm. 23; exp. tegm. 10 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Gr een).
I have copied Mr. Kirby’s description and figured his type.
2072. Pundaluoya simplex, Kirby (Delphax), J. Linn. Soc., Zool.
xxiv, p. 141 (1891).
“Testaceous; head, face, and thorax tricarinate; tegmina
yellowish-subhyaline, with a row of spots all round, except on
the basal half of the costa, and four or five additional spots in the
middle of the wing, mostly placed on the longitudinal veins.”
(Kirby.)
To be separated from P. ernesti by the clear non-fasciate
tegmina.
Length excl. tegm. 3; exp. tegm. 10 to 13 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Pundaluoy a, Maskeliya (Green).
Dr. Melichar has not mentioned this species in his ‘ Homo-
pteren-Fauna von Ceylon.’ When Mr. Kirby describes the head
as tricarinate, he is of course including the lateral carinations.
2073. Pundaluoya simplicia, sp. n.
Body and legs ochraceous, lateral margins of the abdomen
alternately spotted with yellow and black; femora piceous or
piceous-brown, their apices and the tibie and tarsi pale ochra-
ceous; face with the lateral margins and a central line bifurcating
anteriorly pale castaneous ; lateral margins of clypeus pale
castaneous ; antenne ochraceous with the apex of the basal joint
piceous ; eyes piceous; vertex with the lateral margins and two
centrak fascize testaceous ; pronotum with four central testaceous
fascise which terminate before the anterior and posterior margins;
mesonotum with four testaceous fasci# ; abdomen above in some
specimens, as in the one here fioured, considerably shaded with
UPACHARA. 469
piceous ; tegmina hyaline with a yellowish tint, the veins yellow,
with apical black markings, principally on apical margin, sur-
rounding marginal cellular areas, and on the oblique veins at
Fig. 255.—Pundaluoya simplicia.
apex of costal area; wings hyaline with faint opaline lustre, the
veins pale fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 23; exp. tegm. 10 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Peradeniya (Green).
Genus UPACHARA, nov.
Type, U. stigma, Dist.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex
very short and broad, a little rounded anteriorly ; face a little
longer than broad, centrally and laterally finely carinate, posterior
margin sinuate before clypeus; pronotum a little longer than
vertex, only slightly rounded anteriorly, concave posteriorly, with
a very faint medial carination; mesonotum finely tricarinate ;
posterior tibiz unspined, but with a robust prominent spur at
apex; tegmina about one-third longer than abdomen, the veins
longitudinal, a series of transverse veins beyond middle, the
middle longitudinal vein on apical area forked at apex.
2074. Upachara stigma, sp. n.
Head (including face),
pronotum, and mesonotum
ochraceous; eyes fuscous-
brown; mesonotum clouded
with pale castaneous-brown ;
abdomen above more or
less piceous ; clypeus ochra-
ceous with a large black
basal spot; sternum and legs
pale ochraceous ; abdomen
Fig. 256.— Upachara stigma *. beneath black ; tegmina
hyaline, the venation pale
brownish, the veins here and there sparsely finely granulose and
* In the above figure the artist has failed to portray the long mobile spur
at apex of posterior tibi.
470 FULGORIDA.
with a large black costal spot a little beyond middle, their apices
finely infuscate.
Length inel. tegm. 22 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).
Genus PUROHITA, nov.
Type, P. cervina, Dist.
Mstribuiion. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum; vertex very
narrow, extending a little in front of eyes, laterally strongly
ridged and anteriorly prominent, medially very obsoletely cari-
nate; face long, narrow, medially and laterally carinate, strongly
depressed and impressed between eyes, and thence obliquely
widened to clypeus, which is also medially and laterally carinate ;
antenn® inserted in a groove on under surface of eyes, first joint
very long and broad with a central ridge, on each side of which
the surface is obliquely reclined, second joint barely half the length
of first, thickened but much narrower and with spinous hairs ;
pronotum scarcely longer than vertex, tricarinate ; mesonotum
longer than head and pronotum together, tricarinate ; posterior
tibie without spines, but with a long, robust, apical spur ; tegmina
longly passing the apex of the abdomen, longitudinally veined, a
series of transverse veins at about one-third from apical margin,
beyond which the longitudinal veins are distinctly thickened and
the central one furcate at apex, most of the veins are also finely
and somewhat obscurely granulose.
2075. Purohita cervina, sp. n.
Body and legs ochraceous; eyes slaty-grey; vertex with the
lateral margins pale
castaneous ; face dark
ochraceous and medially
and laterally narrowly
pale castaneous to about
middle of eyes, thence
stramineous to clypeus
and laterally and medially
alittle darker, and with a
transverse sinuate ochra-
ceous line before apex ;
clypeus ochraceous, later-
aliy and medially strami-
Fig. 257.—Purohita cervina. neous; antennz ochra-
ceous, sprinkled with
testaceous ; pronotum with two small discal tubercles; meso-
notum with two longitudinal darker fascie ; tegmina subhyaline,
the veins brownish-ochraceous and mostly finely granulose, on
apical third broader and much more distinctly prominent, he
SOGATA, A471
extreme costal edge pale yellow ; the vertex is a little darker
than the pronotum or mesonotum; the lateral areas of the
pronotum are darker than its disk; the carinations to the meso-
notum pale and distinct, and its posterior angle broad and sub-
lobate ; the granules to the tegminal veins emit short erect hairs.
Length incl. tegm. 5 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Green, Brit. Mus.).
Genus SOGATA, nov.
Type, S. dohertyt, Dist.
Distribution, Tenasserim.
Head (including eyes) distinctly narrower than pronotum ;
vertex a little longer than broad, slightly widened at base ; face
very long and narrow, more than twice as long as broad, laterally
and medially strongly carinate; antenne inserted near lower
margins of eyes, second joint much longer than first and mode-
rately inerassate ; clypeus slightly broader than face, laterally and
medially carinate ; pronotum about as long as vertex, tricarinate ;
mesonotum tricarinate; posterior femora unspined, but with a
long robust spur at apex; tegmina longly passing apex of
abdomen, much longer than broad, the apex somewhat conically
rounded, veins longitudinal, crossed beyond middle by an irregular
series of transverse veins, beyond which, on upper half, several
oblique veins extend to costal margin.
2076. Sogata dohertyi, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum testaceous, with a pale
greyish central longitudinal fascia running percurrently through
Fig. 258.—Sogata doherty.
them; on anterior area of vertex there is on each side a sub-
marginal black line, eyes greyish-brown ; lateral carinations to
pronotum and mesonotum indistinctly pale ochraceous ; antennee
ochraceous ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous; face with
the central carination white, margined with black on each side,
472 FULGORID A.
the lateral ridges ochraceous ; tegmina pale brownish-grey, darker
and semiopaque towards basal area, beyond the transverse veins
the colour is more greyish, and a broad inner submarginal longi-
tudinal pale fuscous fascia extends from the transverse veins to
the apical margin.
Length incl. tegm. 43 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
Genus TOYA, nov.
Type, 7. attenuata, Dist.
Distribution, Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex
narrow, a little longer than broad, with a transverse ridge
between the eyes, behind which the surface is quadrangularly
foveate, and in front of which it is tricarinate, the apices of the
carine being distinctly prominent ; face long and narrow, more
than twice as long as broad, medially and laterally carinate, the
central carination furcate at base *, moderately ampliate on
posterior half; clypeus tricarinate ; pronotum slightly wider than
vertex, between the eyes truncate, tricarinate, its posterior margin
concavely sinuate; mesonotum tricarinate ; tegmina about twice
as long as body, apically rounded, the veins longitudinal, crossed
beyond middle by an irregular series of transverse veins, on apical
area three oblique veins extend to costa; posterior tibie with two
spines, one before and the other near apex, and with a long robust
apical mobile spur.
2077. Toya attenuata, sp. n.
Vertex of head piceous, the ridges brownish-ochraceous ; eyes
dull black, their extreme
margins brownish-ochraceous ;
face black with the carina-
tions dull ochraceous ; clypeus
similarly marked and coloured
as face; pronotum piceous-
brown, the carinations dull
ochraceous ; mesonotum pice-
ous, the carinations and
extreme lateral areas dull
ochraceous ; tegmina hyaline
Fig. 259.— Toya attenuata, with an ochraceous tint, the
veins pale fuscous ; legs yel-
lowish with the tarsal claws black.
Length incl. tegm. 3 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).
* This character has been omitted in the figure by the artist.
NILAPARVATA, 473
Genus NILAPARVATA, nov.
Type, 1. greeni, Dist.
Distribution. Ceylon.
y
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; vertex longer
than broad, lateral margins strongly carinate, their anterior
angles a little prominent, two oblique discal carinations com-
mencing at about middle of lateral margins and angularly meeting
slightly in front of anterior margin, the basal margin ridged; face
elongate, very much longer than broad, centrally and laterally
carinate, the carnations very broad and prominent, the central
one furcate at base, apical margin strongly ridged; clypeus
strongly, broadly, laterally and medially carinate; antenne inserted
beneath eyes, second joint much longer than first, incrassate and
granulose ; pronotum about as long as vertex, centrally, laterally,
and anteriorly carinate ; mesonotum faintly tricarinate ; tegmina
less than three times as long as broad, the apical margin rounded,
costal and inner margins subparallel, crossed at about two-thirds
from base by an irregular series of transverse veins, defining an
apical area, in which the upper longitudinal vein obliquely
bifurcates to costal margin and the lower longitudinal vein
strongly bifureates near its base; wings at base broader than
tegmina; posterior tibize with a spine near middle, another at
apex, and with a long robust apical spur.
2078. Nilaparvata greeni, sp. n.
Body and legs very pale ochraceous ; head and mesonotum pale
castaneous-brown ; vertex with the margins pale ochraceous, and
with anterior interspaces between the central and lateral carina-
tions black; face with the carinations very pale ochraceous and
more or less margined on each side with piceous; clypeus pale
castaneous with the carinations very pale ochraceous ; pronotum
Fig. 260. —Nilaparvata greeni.
dull pale ochraceous; mesonotum with the carinations faint and
pale ochraceous; abdomen with the apical area either piceous
(as in figure) or concolorous, and this may prove to be a sexual
character; tegmina subhyaline with a dull yellowish tint, the
transverse veins and the apical venation fuscous, an elongate
474 FULGORIDA.
black spot at apex of clavus; wings hyaline with an opaline
lustre, the veins pale brownish.
Length excl. tegm. 24; exp. tegm. 7 millim.
Hab, Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green).
Genus KALPA, nov.
Type, A. aculeata, Dist.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum; vertex a little
longer than broad, apex of the lateral margins prominent, with
two central carinations converging anteriorly ; face very long and
slender, centrally and laterally carinate, truncate before clypeus,
which is only of moderate length and triangular; antenne inserted
in a groove beneath the lower surface of the eyes, first joint
robust, second longer, thicker, and tuberculous ; pronotum a little
longer than vertex, centrally carinate ; mesonotum about as long
as pronotum and vertex together, tricarinate ; posterior tibiz with
two spines, one near middle, the other at apex, and with a very
robust apical spur; tegmina considerably passing the abdominal
apex, the venation generally as in Pundaluoya.
Agreeing in many respects with the description of Hodelphax,
5
Kirk., but with the posterior tibie bi- not trispinose, &c.
2079. Kalpa aculeata, sp. n.
Head above and mesonotum pale castaneous, pronotum ochra-
ceous ; mesonotum with
the carine, apex, and
lateral areas pale ochra-
ceous ; head beneath, ster-
num, and legs ochraceous ;
abdomen pale castaneous ;
tegmina semihyaline with
a yellowish tint, the veins
a little darker; a short
dark linear streak on ex-
treme posterior margin
near apex of ciavus ; face
and clypeus with the ridges
Fig. 261.—Kalpa aculeata, very prominent ; vertex
of head with a double
foveation at base, the lateral ridges very prominent ; pronotum
with the central carination distinct and with an oblique linear
rugosity on each lateral area; antenne pale ochraceous.
Length incl. tegm. 42 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Peradeniya (Green).
Qi
SARDIA. 7,
Genus SARDIA.
Sardia, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 96 (1903).
Type, S. rostrata, Melich.
MNstribution, Ceylon.
_‘‘ Head and eyes narrower than pronotum ; vertex narrow, three
times as long as breadth between eyes, where it is narrowed,
sides nearly parallel and finely keeled, anterior margin straightly
truncate; face somewhat long, narrow, contracted beneath eyes
and then slightly broadened at sides, finely keeled; clypeus
triangular, laterally and medially keeled; eyes elongately oval,
sessile, concave beneath ; antenne passing eyes, basal joint
cylindrical, second joint rather longer, weakly clavate; ocelli
present, small, situate at frontal border of eyes; pronotum half
as long as vertex, anteriorly straightly truncate, posteriorly
concave, with three long keels, the lateral ones bent outwardly ;
mesonotum large, slightly arched, tricarinate, lateral keels con-
verging in front, apex of mesonotum lengthened and rounded ;
tegmina very long, twice as long as the whole body, not widened
behind and rather obliquely apically rounded, three longitudinal
veins in corium, the outer and inner ones forked at basal third,
four apical veins, the second double, the fourth singly forked,
tegminal ceils very long, especially second middle one, a forked vein
in clavus the base of which extends to the apex which does not
reach the last transverse vein, between which and apex of clavus
there is a space equal to one-third the length of clavus; abdomen
rather flattened ; legs slender, posterior tibiae with two spines,
posterior tarsi with the basal joint longer than the other two
together and with a large dentated mobile spur at base.”
( Melichar.)
2080. Sardia rostrata, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 96, t. ii, f. 4,
a, 6 (1903).
“ Vertex of head rusty-yellow, spotted with brown at middle of
apex and neck; eyes brown; face black, between the eyes some-
times yellowish except at apex, lateral and middle keels yellowish ;
antennee yellow with a black spot at base; gene and clypeus black
keeled with yellow, the flattened middle keel with three black
spots at apex which are often confluent, and on upper margin
provided with two black spots visible on side view; pronotum
black, its posterior margin narrowly bordered with white, on front
margin two contiguous rusty-yellow spots which are sometimes
absent ; mesonotum rusty-brown, its apex yellowish, two longi-
tudinal brown streaks on sides and underlying brown spots before
the apex; in the ¢ the colour is darker; vertex, pronotum
(except the pale posterior border), and mesonotum piceous, only
apex of mesonotum yellowish ; tegmina clouded with brown, darker
on apical area, with pale marginal spots between the ends of the
476 FULGORIDA.
veins, a large hyaline spot in first apical cell, all the veins brown
set with fine granules trom which here and there arise small hairs ;
claval marginal vein yellowish-white, black at apex, and the area
from apex of clavus to tegminal apex filled up with black ; wings
Fig. 262.—Sardia rostrata.
hyaline, veins brown; abdomen above brown to black, in 2 yellowish
beneath, base of ventral segments darker, in ¢ piceous; legs pale
yellow, bases of tarsal claws and spur brown.” (Melichar.)
“ Length 4 to 44 millim.”
Hab, Ceylon; Henaratgoda (fide Melichar).
Genus ORCHESMA.
Orchesma, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 94 (1903).
Type, O. marginepunctata, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
“Very near Pundaluoya, Kirk., but differs by the long head,
angularly produced in front, the rather long face evenly rounded
outside, and the narrow tegmina, which are close to the body and
apically are obliquely rounded; vertex nearly as long as broad
posteriorly, between the eyes and towards the front angularly
narrowed, at apex rounded, upper surface flat, on sides and in
front distinctly keeled, the keels running from the apex to the
straight hind margin; face almost three times as long as broad at
clypeus, distinctly narrowed above, outer margins evenly, weakly,
curved outward and keeled, in the middle a continuous keel,
celypeus one-third the length of face, in the middle and on sides
keeled, bending downward and forming with disk of face an obtuse
angle; eyes reniform, the front lobes larger than the posterior
ones ; antenne inserted in the cavities passing the eyes, the second
joint as long as first ; as in Pundaluoya there runs from the lower
margin of the eye obliquely down to suture of clypeus a narrow
fold, behind which the antennal cavities lie; ocelli distinct ; pro-
notum as long as vertex, rounded in front between the eyes,
posteriorly obtusely angularly excavated, with three sharp keels ;
ORCHESMA. A477
mesonotum twice as long as pronotum, before apex somewhat
narrowed, with three longitudinal keels, the lateral ones converging
in front ; tegmina hyaline, apically obliquely and broadly rounded,
twice as long as abdomen; veins delicate, punctured, and set with
hairs; wings hyaline ; legs simple, posterior tibia with a movable
spur at base of tarsi.” ( Melichar.)
2081. Orchesma marginepunctata, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 98, t. ili, f. 3, a, 6, c (1903).
“Body narrow, pale green; face moderately long, narrowed
above, below straightly truncated at clypeal suture ; ‘ cheek-folds’
orange-yellow ; on the pronotum and mesonotum are two some-
what long orange-yellow stripes between the keels; tegmina
hyaline, the veins white, on both sides alternately accompanied by
white dots, from which spring short, erect, yellowish-white hairs,
Fig. 263.— Orchesma marginepunctata,
also single short stretches of the veins are set with brown granules,
the apical and transverse veins shaded with pale yellowish, and
two similar small spots visible in corium between the longitudinal
veins, at the apices of the apical veins are black dots; wings
hyaline; abdomen and legs pale yellowish-white; tarsal claws
black.” (Melichar.)
“Length, 9, 4 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (fide Melichar),
2082. Orchesma serendiba, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 95, t. ii,
£. 5 (1903).
‘Body narrow, rusty-yellow, shining, formed as in preceding
species; face narrowed both above and below and rounded off
from clypeus, so that it is very narrowly oval, stained with
carmine-red, the keels whitish ; the downward sloping clypeus and
sides of head are rusty-yellow ; eyes brown; antenne yellowish-
white, basal joint bordered with black at apex, second joint
478 FULGORID®.
medially ringed with black, between the warts are short black
bristles; vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum rusty-brown, keels
yellowish-white bordered with black; tegmina formed as in pre-
ceding species, hyaline, shining, basal half and inner half of apical
area rusty-yellow, which colour runs radiately along the apical
veins to costal margin, so that hyaline marginal stripes are formed
between the veins, between the basal colouring and the apical
parts there is a hyaline zone, veins delicate, yellowish, alternately
thickly punctured and clothed with erect black hairs, near clavus
is a black spot which lies on the transverse veins and is a little
produced in front on both the longitudinal veins, so that it
resembles a fork, no marginal spots on apical margin; wings
hyaline with rusty-yellow veins; sternum and abdomen rusty-
yellow, abdomen more orange-yellow ; legs pale yellow, tarsal
claws black.” (Melichar.)
“ Length, ¢, 4 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (fide Melichar).
Genus SMARA, nov.
Type, S. festiva, Dist.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head long, triangular, projecting longly in front of eyes,
narrower than pronotum ; face long, triangular, centrally longitu-
dinally carinate, distinctly moderately obliquely gibbous at. base ;
clypeus centrally ridged and its margins finely carinate ; pronotum
well developed, tricarinate, its lateral areas depressed, its pos-
terior margin somewhat emarginate ; mesonotum tricarinate ; legs
moderately short, posterior tibiz armed with a prominent blunt
robust spur at apex, first joint of posterior tarsi elongate ;
antenne prominent, inserted just below the posterior margins of
eyes, which are concavely sinuate, the second joint strongly in-
crassate ; tegmina gradually ampliate from base to apex, the veins
almost wholly longitudinal, those from base to apical area granu-
lose and apically longitudinally globosely elevated, followed by a
prominent transverse vein, thence the veins are again longitudinal,
very finely granulose, the uppermost curved to apical costal
margin, the second very strongly bifurcate before apex.
2083. Smara festiva, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum pale yellowish-green ; vertex
with two central black lines, and a short lateral longitudinal black
line in front of eyes; face sometimes a little more virescent, with
a black spot near base and a transverse one before clypeus, which
is also black; pronotum with two central and two lateral lines
on each side black; mesonotum with two central and two (some-
times only one) lines on each lateral area black ; tegmina fuscous-
brown, extreme base virescent, costal membrane, a broad streak
DICRANOTROPIS. 479
above clavus, globular apices to longitudinal veins, and the veins
on apical area black, prominent oreyish- -white spots on apical-
costal and apical margins, most of them more or less margined
with piceous-black, the ground-colour of the apical area is also
dull dark ochraceous; abdomen above black with the segmental
Fig. 264.—Smara festiva.
margins ochraceous, beneath more prominently ochraceously
marked ; legs more or less piceous, apices of femora and tibie
and the tarsi stramineous ; antennz ochraceous, piceous at base ;
tegmina sparingly distinctly longly pilose, almost hirsute.
Length excl. tegm. 3; exp. tegm. 8 millim.
Hab, Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Green).
2084. Smara atrata, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum coloured and marked as
in S. festiva ; face with the basal spot smaller, and the apical spot
more centrally divided by the longitudinal carination ; clypeus
black ; tegmina uniformly piceous, w ith two short, oblique, virescent
stripes at extreme base and with the transverse vein before apical
area somewhat suffused with greyish; abdomen piceous; legs
darker than in S. festiva. Beside the different colour of the
tegmina compared with those of the preceding species, the surface
is more even, the veins less prominent but more distinctly granu-
lose, they are also much less, in fact only obscurely, pilose ; the
face is more distinctly centrally carinate than in S., festiva.
Length excl. tegm. 23; exp. tegm. 7 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
Genus DICRANOTROPIS.
Dicranotropis, Feb. Delph. Verh. z-b. ges. Wien, xvi, p. 521 (1866) ;
id. Cic. Rev. § Mag. Zool. (3) ili, p. 378 8 (1875); Melich. Hom.
Faun. Ceylon, p. 106 (1903).
Type, D. hamata, Boh., a Palearctic species.
Distribution. Palearctic and Oriental Regions.
“This genus is recognizable by the long triangular face, which is
distinctly laterally and medially keeled, the two middle keels
proceeding from vertex unite at middle disk in one stem; antenne
480 F FULGORIDE
long, all the joints cylindrical ; pronotum tricarinate, the lateral
carinations outwardly curved; mesonotum tricarinate; tegmina
shortened and parchment-like, or developed, membranous, longly
passing abdominal apex, and hyaline, veins set with black granules ;
legs long, anterior tibia somewhat laterally compressed, posterior
tibize with two spines.” (Aelichar.)
2085. Dicranotropis nigropunctatus, Motsch. (Mestus?) Bull. Soc.
Nat. Mose, xxxvi (3) p. 112 (1863); Melich. (Dicranotropis)
Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 160, t. iii, f. 12, a (1903).
“‘Subovate, shining, sordidly fusco-testaceous, variegated with
black; tegmina subhyaline testaceous, with oblique black humeral
spots and with the veins much punctured with black to apices ;
Fig. 265.—Dicranotropis nigropunctatus.
head and thorax as in JWestus testaceus, Motsch.; tegmina shorter
than the body, their apices roundly truncate; the four anterior
tibie black, depressed, subdilated ; antennze with the second joint
three times longer than the first.” (Motschoulsky.)
“Length ? lin. ; lat. elytr. post. 4 lin.”
Hab. Ceylon; Patannas Mts. (fide Motschoulsky).
I do not know this species, and have copied the diagnosis of
Motschoulsky and the figure of Melichar.
Genus LIBURNIA.
Liburnia, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 179 (1866); Fieb. Cic. Rev. § Mag.
Zool. (3) il, p. 876 (1875); Melich. Mitt.-Europ. Cicad. p. 69
(1896) ; 7d. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 97 (1903).
Type, LZ. (Embolophora) monoceros, Stal, an Ethiopian species.
Distribution. Probably universal.
I have not received a single species of this genus from British
India, and find it impossible to give the generie characters for the
LIBURNIA. 481
following species described by Dr. Melichar, as they doubtless
represent more than one genus. Stal, who first founded Liburnia
(supra), gave divisional enermctene whieh were obviously truly
generic. Fieber founded a number of genera which have been
incontinently sank by most other writers, ‘and probably on insuffi-
cient study, for they are all minute insects, and their proper
discrimination awaits a patient and capable monographer in the
possession of ample material.
2086. Liburnia fumipennis, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 97
(1903).
“* Vertex twice as long as breadth between the eyes, beyond the
eyes yellow with an anterior narrow triangular white mark,
lateral depressions anteriorly black ; face narrow, elongate, a little
narrower between the eyes than at base, black, with slender white
earine, the medial carination black, gene and clypeus black with
white carine, eyes brown; antenne stretching beyond the eyes,
the basal joint cylindrical, white, second joint yellowish-white ;
pronotum about as long as vertex, yellowish-white with two small
brownish indentations between the carine; tegule yeilowish-
white; mesonotum reddish-yellow in 9, black in 3, its posterior
margin and apex yellowish; tegmina hyaline, piceous to black,
the apical margins brighter, veins brown, finely granulose, marginal
vein to clavus white with the apex black ; wings fuliginous, veins
brown; abdomen piceous to black, extreme segmental margins
narrowly and brightly paler ; legs pale yellow, posterior tibiz with
two spines, the apices of which are brown.” (Melichar.)
“ Length, ¢ 9,3 to 33 millim.”
Hab, Ceylon; Henaratgoda, Peradeniya (fide Melichar),
2087. Liburnia venosa, Motsch. (Delphax) Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. xxxvi
(5) p. 109 (1863); Melich. (Liburnia) Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p- 95 (1903).
‘¢ Body short, compressed, ferruginous ; vertex of head as long as
broad, slightly narrowed between the eyes, ferr uginous to piceous
with white ridges, the central and lateral carinations equally
stout, the first forming at the junction of face and vertex an
~elongate narrow triangle connected with the vertical white lateral
carinee by a transverse white ridge, and also furnished with a
stout medial ridge towards the neck ; ; clypeus concolorous with
face and with a white ridge; eyes brown; antenne piceous ;
pronotum and mesonotum ferruginous, with y ellowish-white carina-
tions, the medial one stout and white ; ; tegmina hyaline clouded
with pale brownish, the veins yellow, the terminal vein brow n, as
are also the transverse veins on the inner half of the corium, thus
forming a thickened transverse fascia, while the outermost vein is
VOL, III, 21
482 FULGORID®.
white and very slender, veins sparsely brownly granulose, the
granules here and there with short brown hairs, clavus generally
somewhat strongly clouded, the terminal vein yeliowish- -white ;
wings hyaline, veins yellow ; abdomen ferruginous to piceous,
with a ‘brighter- -coloured medial ridge above, several elongate
lateral spots beneath and the segmental margins also paler and
more brightly coloured; legs pale yellow, the tibie and tarsal
claws dark brown.” (Jelichar.)
Length, ¢ 9, 3 to 33 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Henaratgoda, Peradeniya (fide Melichar).
2088. Liburnia minutula, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 98
(1903).
* ¢. Body bright yellow; vertex as broad as long, not extending
beyond the eyes, the frontal facial triangle indistinct ; face and
gene deeply black, as are also the lateral and well-marked medial
carinations ; clypeus and antenne bright yellow; pronotum yel-
lowish-white, tricarinate, and sometimes with brown spots on
anterior margin; mesonotum bright yellow, its apex whitish,
tricarinate, the lateral carine converging anteriorly ; tegmina
short, apically rounded, apical angle more strongly rounded than
the posterior one, bright yellow with paler yellow longitudinal
veins, apical margin pial inner angle with a dark elongate
spot ; abdomen yellow or orange- -yellow, medially ridged and with
a lateral dark brown elongate spot ; body beneath and legs bright
yellow, the tarsal claws and apices of the spines to posterior tibice
darker.
“©. Body pale yellowish-white ; face pale yellow, not black ;
eyes brown; antenne bright yellow; tegmina yellowish, the
terminal vein white, a large darker brown spot on the terminal
margin and a smaller darker spot on the apical margin near the
sutural apex; abdomen pale yellowish-white, on each side with a
triangular swarthy spot, the apex of which is directed posteriorly ;
legs pale yellowish-white, the apices of the spines to the posterior
tibie and the tarsal claws brown.” (Melichar.)
“Length, ¢ 2, 24 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon ; Henaratgoda, Peradeniya (fide Melichar).
2089. Liburnia alboguttata, MWelich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 99, t. ii,
f. 6, a, b (1903).
** A very small and moderately broad species ; vertex of head as
broad as long, not extending beyond the eyes, carinate, and, like
the pronotum and mesonotum, of a pale yellow colour; face
elongate, pale yellow, contracted and brownish-yellow between
the eyes, sharply medially and laterally carinate; clypeus pale
yellow ; eyes brown; antenne brownish-yellow ; tegmina short,
LIBURNIA. 483
only covering the basal area of the abdomen, rounded apically,
shining black, with distinct an-
teriorly directed veins, a large
white apical marginal spot, a smaller
white marking on the apical margin,
and a discal Rvihite spot divided: by
the tegminal suture, a small white
elongate spot on the lower half of
the terminal margin of the tecule ;
sternum pale yellow ; abdomen pi-
ceous above, the apex genital seg-
ment) w hitish, beneath ferruginous;
legs pale yellow, apices of the s spines
Fig. 266. —Liburnia alboquitata. fay posterior tibizs and the tarsal
claws brown, the posterior legs are
frequently light brownish.” (MJelichar.)
“Length, 3, 14 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon; Henaratgoda, Peradeniya (fide Melichar).
2090. Liburnia albicollis, Motsch. (Delphax) Bull. Soe. Nat. Mosc.
xxxvi (3) p. 110 (1863); Melich. (Liburnia) Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 99, t. 1i, f. 25, a, 6 (1903)
Vertex short, extending but little beyond the eyes, yellow-brown
with elongate white carine; face elongate, narrow, constricted
between the eyes, with lateral and medial white carine ; at the
passing of the vertex into the face the median carina forms a
small triangle the sides of which are connected with one another
by a transverse ridge which is posteriorly angularly broken, and
from the apex of which a short median carina runs to the neck;
elypeus triangular, brown, medially and laterally carinate ; eyes
brown; antenne yellowish ; pronotum with three white carinze
on the anterior margin frequently marked with two piceous spots ;
mesonotum piceous-brown to pitch-black (in Q frequently ferru-
ginous), the margin often reddish-brown narrowly rounded, apex
white, and with three parallel elongate carinze which are coloured
black inclining to ferruginous (in 9); tegmina hyaline slightly
clouded with yellow, covering the abdomen, threaded by yellowish
slightly brown granulate nervures, the curved vein of the apical
margin brown, a piceous-brown spot on the marginal suture
at the base of the forked vein, which frequently, especially in
the brighter-coloured @, is indistinct or even absent; wings
hyaline with brown veins ; abdomen piceous, ferruzinous at
base; legs yellowish, the apices of the spines and the tarsal claws
brown.
3 2. Length 24 millim.
Hab, Ceylon; Henaratgoda (fide Melichar).
484 FULGORID&.
2091. Liburnia frontalis, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 100 (1903).
Very like Z. albicollis, Motsch.,in form and pattern of markings
and only to be easily distinguished from that species by the outer
margin of the narrow black front being broadly yellowish-white,
ile as the medial keel, which is very distinet, appears to be
black ; the basal joint of the antennee is piceous, the second joint
rusty-yellow ; pronctum white; mesonotum black, the apex
broadly yellowish-white ; tegmina hyaline with delicate yellow
lightly punctured veins, and a long brown streak on the terminal
margin; abdomen black, the segments narrowly bordered with
yellowish- -white ; legs yellowish.
3. Genital segment black with a narrow excavate yellow margin
abov e, the angles. obtuse ; anal tube yellow, bearing on the lower
margin two spine-like processes, adjacent to one another, erect
and “directed downwards; claspers short, yellow, with the apex
narrowed, placed one with the other in shape of pincers, so that
they border an oval-shaped space.
“ ®, Vaginal cushion and ovipositor black; anal tube yellow ;
anal petiole black.” (Melichar.)
“ ¢ 9. Length 23 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon; Henaratgoda (fide Melichar).
2092. Liburnia psylloides, Zeth. (Delphax) Ind. Mus. Notes, iii,
p- 105 (1896), fig.; Melich. (Liburnia) Hom. Faun. C eylon,
p- 101, t. ii, f. 22 (1903).
“¢ Vertex longer than the breadth between the eyes and extend-
ing somewhat beyond the eyes, yellowish-white; face elongate,
narrow, contracted a little between the eyes, black in the 3,
yellowish-brown in the 2, with white carine, the median carina
distinctly stouter than the marginal carine and forming between
the face and the vertex an elongate narrow tri angle, which is
yellowish-white, whilst the black depression in the face is extended
up to the vertex: the frontal triangle is bordered on the vertex
by an angular, broken, transverse Jamella, which, although no
elongate carina extends to the neck, is connected by short
transverse ridges with the lateral carine on the vertex ; in the 2
the facial depression is dark only between the eyes, towards the
lower portion yellowish-brown; clypeus in both sexes with a
yellowish-white carina; eyes brown; cheeks black, with a white
carina on the mar ein; antenne pale yellow (Lethierry says of
the antenne, ‘first joint yellow, apex black ; second yellow, base
black ; apical joint black’; but in the very many specimens that 1
have examined I have found the antenne uniformly pale yellow) ;
pronotum and vertex black, the carinz as well as the parts lying
between them, the pronotum and mesonotum to the tip white ;
tegmina hyaline, transparent, with yellowish veins that are studded
with delicate yellowish granules, from which spring short brown
hairs, the transverse veins of the inner half of the tegmina
LIBURNIA. 485
bordered brown, likewise the apices of the apical veins, which
appear very thick ; on the inner apical margin is placed a brownish
lunular band in which lie three semicircular bright marginal spots
between the veins; the cell between the clavus and suture of corium
and the inner sector (area suturalis) is in its whole length clouded
with smoky-brown; at the apices of the shafts of the veins of the
clavus a black spot; wings hyaline with yellowish veins ; pectus
in ¢ black, in 9 yellow spotted with black, a black spot in addi-
tion on the sides of its posterior portion; abdomen in ¢ black,
the margins of the segments bordered narrowly with yellow, in
the 2 above black, below yellowish, the base of the segment
darker ; legs pale yellow, the tarsal claws black.
“4. Genital seement cylindrical, black, narrowly bordered with
white, elongate oval, above roundly emarginate; in the emargina-
tion lies the narrow anal tube, from which protrudes the yellowish
anal spike; claspers long, as narrow at the bottom as at the tip,
straightly truncate, the angle somewhat produced, at the apex
inclined one to the other like a pair of pincers and set with short
hairs.
“¢®. Vaginal cushion cylindrical, yellow ; the ovipositor brown ;
adjacent plates elongate, only touching one another at the base.”
(Melichar.)
“g 2. Length 23 to 23 millim.”
Hab, Ceylon; Henaratgoda (fide Melichar).
2095. Liburnia unistrigosa, Motsch. (Delphax) Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
xxxvi(8) p. 108 (1863); Melick. (Liburnia) Hom. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 101, t. 11, f. 17, @ (1908).
‘Body narrow, elongate, yellowish-brown in ¢, rusty-yellow
in 9; vertex extending only a little beyond the eyes, carinate ;
face elongate, not narrowed between the eyes, black, laterally and
medially with white carine, the medial carina distinctly stouter
than the marginal carine, in the @ the frontal area as well as
the carine rusty-yellow ; clypeus in both ¢ and @ rusty-yellow,
laterally and medially carinate ; antenne yellowish ; eyes brown ;
pronotum and mesonotum in 6 yellowish-brown, in 2 rusty-
yellow with a clear elongate streak extending from the vertex
to the pronotum and mesonotum, white, as also are the carine
and the parts intermediate between them; tegmina narrow,
elongate, rounded posteriorly, hyaline with the inner half shaded
with brown, veins yellow, slightly granulate, the veins and sutural
margin yellowish-white, the apical margin brownish ; wings hyaline
with yellow veins ; abdomen yellowish-brown, the margins of the
ventral segments brightly so in the ¢, rusty-yellow in the @, the
legs pale yellow, the apices of the spines and the claws black.
“3. Genital segment seen from the side transversely truncate,
aperture roundish beneath, lightly emarginate ; claspers large and
robust, the whole aperture filled up, at the base broad, towards
the upperside widened into the shape of a head and produced
486 FULGORID &.
into a blunt point directed outwards and upwards ; anal tube large
with stout carine.
“ Brachypterous-formed 9° .—Tegmina very short, not extending
to the apex of the abdomen, narrow, elongate, rounded at the apex,
with delicate nervures.’ (Melichar. )
“¢ ©. Length 2? to 3 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon : Peradeniya, Colombo (fide Melichar).
2094. Liburnia sordescens, Motsch. (Delphax) Bull. Soc, Nat. Mose.
xxxvi (3) p. 1LO9 (1863); Melich. (Liburnia) Hom. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 102, t. ii, f. 24, a (1903).
“ Dirty yellowish-brown: face elongate quadrate, not nar-
rowed between the eyes, broader than in the rest of the Ceylonese
species of Liburnia, yellowish-brown to piceous, with similarly
coloured lateral and medial carinz; eyes brown; antenne yellow
to brownish-yellow ; pronotum and mesonotum dirty yellowish-
brown, with similarly-coloured elongate carine; frequently the
sides of the mesonotum on the outer side of the carine are
brown, the whole mesonotum is seldom piceous; tegmina hyaline
clouded with yellow, with delicate yellow veins traversing them,
which are distinctly granulose, the apical margins and the apical
veins brown, on the clavus at the apex of the forked nervure is a
piceous spot ; wings hyaline with yellow veins; abdomen black,
rusty-brown at apex ; legs dirty yellowish-brown, the tibixw often
darker.
“ $. The genital segment cylindrical, yellowish-brown, brighter
on the margin above, the anal tube roundly emarginate, the angles
of the emargination not bent inwards ; the anal tube shows on the
under margin two wide spike-like appendages that are opposed one
to the other; anal spike brown ; claspers pale yellow on rather
broad bases, they are contracted above into neck-like shapes and
at the apices widened into rhomboidal plates which are produced
into two pointed teeth, the upper tooth is curved towards the
inner side, the lower tooth, small and obtuse, is pointed inwardly.”
(Melichar.)
“ gO. Length 3 to 33 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (fide Melichar).
2095. Liburnia pallidula, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 108 (1903).
“Very like the following species, L. flavida, but can be distin-
euished by the vertical depressions being entirely black and the
frontal carine narrowly bordered with black; the tip of the apical
vein of the fully- developed tegmina brownish. In the short-
winged form the teomina extend to about the middle of the
5
abdomen, and are hyaline, with bright yellow lightly-punctured
veins, the apical cell very short.” (Melichar.)
“Oo, Length 33 millim. Those with the short tegmina
3 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon; Colombo (fide Melichar).
LIBURNIA. 487
2096. Liburnia flavida, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 103 (1903).
“The whole body with the exception of the eyes, which are
brown, bright yellow, the underside and legs rather brighter ;
ocelli placed in front of the eyes, marked with small black dots ;
apex of rostrum black; legs pale yellow, apices of spines on the
posterior tibize and the tarsal claws brown; tegmina elongate,
hyaline, with bright yellow veins, the apical marginal vein
brownish.
“3. Genital segment elongate, seen from the side abruptly (or
transversely ?) truncate, bright yellow with a faint brown spot on
the sides that extends forward on to the dorsum of the penultimate
segment ; girth narrow, oval, above sinuate, beneath very lightly
sinuate ; claspers very long, narrowly lanceolate, constricted out-
wardly at apex, produced outwardly into an elongate point, bright
yellow, the apex black.
“®, Vaginal pad (?) narrow, bright yellow ; adjacent plates
standing near each other, broad at the base, narrowed posteriorly,
apex acute ; ; apex of the ‘abdominal spike black, the inner margin
rounded.” (Melichar.)
“gO. Length 3 to 3} millim.”
Hab. Ceylon ; Peradeniya (fide Melichar).
2097. Liburnia albomarginata, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, ». 103
(1903).
* Rusty-yellow, nearly orange-yellow ; the carinz on the vertex,
pronotum, and mesonotum, as on tue face and clypeus, white ;
facial area yellow ; clypeus brown, the white medial carina particu-
larly standing out strongly; eyes brown, ocelli black; antenne
yellowish-brown, especially the little dark tubercles on the second
joint ; the median carina of the vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum
more conspicuously white than the lateral carinze, apex of meso-
notum white; tegmina short, extending to the middle of the
abdomen, rounded posteriorly, hyaline, with distinctly punctured
veins, the encircling vein white; abdomen orange-yellow, a median
line on the dorsum and several spots on the sides white ; legs
bright yellowish-white, the claws black; 9 ovipositor brown, anal
tube and vagina bright yellow.” (Melichar.)
“0, Length 2 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon; Henaratgoda (fide Melichar).
2098. Liburnia furcifera, Horv. (Delphax) Termesz. Fiizetek, xxii,
Paola, tel See); fig. genitalia; Matswm. (Liburnia) Entom.
Nachr. xxvi, p. 262 (1900) ; Melich. Hom, Faun. Ceylon, p. 104,
t. i, £. 16 (1903),
* Vertex 15 times as long as broad, yellowish-white, the ante-
rior depressions black; face elongate narrow, slightly narrowed
between the eyes, black in ¢, yellowish-brown in 2, the carine
white ; clypeus yellowish-brown to piceous, the carine yellowish-
48% FULGORID A.
white ; eyes brown; antenne yellowish-brown, extending beyond
the eyes; pronotum white medially with two punctured dots,
behind the eyes black outwardly-directed arched carine ; meso-
notum black, the space between the carine as well as the carine
themselves and the apex of the mesonotum yellowish-white,
sometimes with a tinge of reddish-yellow ; tegmina hyaline, veins
brownish-yellow, apical marginal veins brown, on the terminal
margin a dark elongate spot; wings hyaline; abdomen in ¢
black, the margins of the segments yellowish-white, in the, 2
above black, beneath pale yellow ; legs pale vellow.
“3. Genital segment large, seen from the side transversely (?)
truncate, the outline elongate-oval, above broadly, below slightly
emarginate, provided with two very small tubercles ; claspers
thick, narrowed to a point, and at the apex divided into two small
teeth, brown, set with short hairs; anal tube large, brownish-
yellow, provided on the under margin with two thick, approximate,
downward-directed, short, acute spines.
«9, Vaginal cushion elongate, narrow, pale yellow; the adjoin-
ing plates narrow, the inner margins not touching one another,
about half as long as the vaginal cushion, posteriorly rounded,
pale yellow; ovipositor pale yellow, the anal spike black.”
(Melichar.)
“3g 9. Length 43 to 5 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (fide Melichar)—Japan ; Sapporo,
Tokyo, and Kuschu (Matsumura).
2099. Liburnia? marginalis, Wotsch. (Delphax) Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose.
Xxxvi (3) p. 108 (1865); Melich. Hom. Faun, Ceylon, p. 104
(1903).
“Elongate, posteriorly subdilated, parallel, sordidly testaceous ;
eyes and abdomen infuscate ; tegmina hyaline, subfuliginous, veins
testaceous, costal margin obscure, posteriorly black; head trans-
verse, posteriorly profoundly bifoveolate, the interstices marginally
elevated, anteriorly subarcuately truncate, very distinctly rugosely
punctate ; face medially and laterally carinate ; antenne with the
second joint incrassate, nearly twice longer than the first joint ;
pronotum transversely triangular, moderately bicarinate, medially
slightly bilineate, posteriorly somewhat marginately reflexed, the
anterior edge broad, medially profoundly sinuate; mesonotum
triangular, medially inflexed, transversely slightly strigose ; tegmina
elongate, anteriorly arcuately dilated, posteriorly parallel, apieally
rounded, anterior veins elevated.” (Motschoulsky.) ;
“ Length 12 lin.; lat. elytr. post. 2 lin.”
Hab. Ceylon; Nura-Ellia and Patannas Mts. (fide Motschoulshy).
2100, Liburnia? coloratus, Motsch. (Delphax) Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
xxxvi (3) p. 110 (1865) ; Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 105
(1903).
“ Resembling the preceding species, but the tegmina posteriorly
with lateral sutural strige, in form of X, piceous, elongate, poste-
MBESTUS. 489
riorly somewhat dilated, parallel, piceous ; head, posterior margin
of pronotum and its anterior edge, abdominal segments, and
annulations to legs above somewhat sordidly testaceous; pronotal
anterior edge broad, hardly sinuate ; tegmina hyaline, the posterior
lateral sutural strige obliquely piceous, veins elevated, tuscous,
testaceous, a little piceously crenulate.” (AMotschoulsky.)
“Length 14 lin.; lat. elytr. post. 4 lin.”
Hab, Ceylon; Patannas Mts. (fide Motschoulsky).
Genus MESTUS.
Mestus, Motsch. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxvi (8) p. 111 (1868);
Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 105 (1908).
Type, M. morto, Motsch.
Distribution, Ceylon.
‘“‘ Abridged in shape like some of the Deléocephaline, but with
the vertex straight, not produced in front; face strongly tricarinate,
the lateral carinations prolonged on the upper side of the head ;
antennze twice as long as the head and pronotum united as
in Delphax, with the second joint three times longer than the
first; eyes oblong, prominent, sinuate beneath ; pronotum
straighter than the head, produced forwardly to nearly halt
the length of head; mesonotum joined to the pronotum and
indistinct ; tegmina cartilaginous, not or only a little hyaline,
oval, attenuated or truncated behind and not extending beyond
the apex of the abdomen; veins prominent, sometimes articulate,
and all longitudinal almost to extremity, the direction of the
subradial and posterior veins here a little approaches the median
vein, giving to each a veinlet which reaches the extremity of the
tegmen, whilst they are reunited to the median vein by two small
transverse veins, after which there are only two parallel veins
which reach the extremity; legs long and rough, posterior tibize
very long and armed with three spines; tarsi robust, their first
joint longer than the others together.” (Motschoulsiy.)
I have not seen this genus, but the shortened tegmina will
alone distinguish it.
2101. Mestus morio, Motsch. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxvi (8) p. 111,
t. ii, f. 24, 9 (1863); Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 105, t. ii,
f, 15 (1903).
“Elongate, subovate, shining black; antenne and legs sordidly
pale; eyes piceous ; head transverse, convex; vertex subinflexed,
tricarinate, the caring anteriorly arcuately meeting, obsolete ; face
waitishly tricarinate, the medial carination anteriorly abbreviated ;
eyes large, oblong, subprominent; pronotum transverse, posteriorly
acutely produced, widely tricarinate, medial carination tectiformly
elevated, anterior margin broad and medially tectiformly elevated ;
tegmina anteriorly as wide as thorax, towards middle a little
gradually dilated, posteriorly moderately attenuated, apically on
VOL, III. 2K
490 EULGORID ©.
each side rounded, veins elevated, cellular areas elongate, sub-
elabrous, shining.” CO IST)
“Length § lin. ; lat. elytr. med. 2 lin.”
Hab. Ceylon ; Patannas Mts. (fide Melichar).
Motschoulsky’s figure is quite inadequate; that given by
Melichar is only an outline of the genital segment.
2102. Mestus testaceus, Motsch. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. xxxvi (3)
p- 112 (1863).
This is enumerated by Melichar as the female of 7. morio, which
may probably be correct or otherwise, as further and ample
material can alone decide. I prefer with this proviso to keep it
distinct, and give the original description :—
“Shape and form of J/. morio, but a little larger, sordidly palely
shining testaceous, abdomen medially infuscated, pronotum with
three whitish vittze or carinations ; tegmina subhyaline testaceous,
veins elevated, fuscously subarticulated ; head transy erse, the
vertex posteriorly bifoveolate, anteriorly w ith four acute ca TAnE
the medial carine approximating apically ; face tricarinate ; pro-
notum tricarinate, its anterior margin unicarinate ; ; tegmina veined
as in preceding species.” ( Motschonlsh Y-),
“ Length 1 ee . lat. elytr. med. + lin.”
Hab. Ceylon ; Nura-Ellia and Patannas Mts. (fide Motschoulsky).
Genus EODELPHAX.
Eodelphax Kirk. Entomologist, 1901, p. 89; 7d. Wien. ent. Zeit.
1905, p. 266.
EKudelphax, Melich, Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 82 (1903).
Type, EL. serendiba, Kirk.
Distribution. Ceylon.
“Vertex nearly square, depressed inwardly, the lateral margins
forming a sharp carina extending alongside the inner margin of the
eyes as faras the intero-posterior angle of the latter, which extends
posteriorly almost as far as to the base of the pronotum ; these
caring are continued forward to the apex of the head, forming a
right angle there ; the part of the vertex anterior to these carinz
is depressed inwards, declivous, and rounded marginally; vertex
feebly carinate medianly longitudinally ; face long- oval, truncate at
each end, carinate (with clypeus) medianly ; cly peus long, tri-
angular; antennz prominent, very large, first segment compressed
and dilated, obliquely triangular, the interior side longer than the
exterior, second joint slightly longer than the first, compressed,
very tuberculate; eyes latero-ventrally deeply grooved medianly
to admit the cariniform first joint of the antenne during repose;
rostrum reaching the posterior cox; pronotum slightly narrower
apically than the base of the head, expanded broadly about as far
as the exterior margins of the eyes, feebly tricarinate ; mesonotum
longer than head and pronotum together, feebly 5-carinate ;
EODELPHAX, 491
tegmina extending far beyond apex of abdomen, the majority of
the veins somewhat closely granulate; legs simple, posterior tibise
trispinose.” (Airkaldy.)
This genus is now a puzzle, for Kirkaldy, who described it as one
of the Delphacine, states that it is synonymous with Hudelphawx
described and placed by Melichar in the Civiinew. Ihave been
unable to see an example *.
2103. Eodelphax serendiba, Kirk. Entomologist, 1901, p. 40; id. Wien.
ent. Zeit. 1905, p. 266.
Eudelphax setulosus, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 32, t. i, f. 6
(1903).
‘‘Subfuscous, hyaline; tegmina obscurely marked with dark
brown, three small spots on the interior margin of the clavus,
and some irregular ones on the membrane; the legs (especially
femora), antenne, &c. chequered with blackish brown; vertex
dirty stramineous.
**®, Only the first (apparent) ventral segment is entire, the
ovipositor extending backwards as far as the apex of the (apparent )
third.” (Kirkaldy.)
‘Length 74 millim.”
Hab. Ceylon; Pundaluoya (Green).
* Mr. Green informs me that he has no specimen in his collection under
the name of Kodelphax serendiba, and the type is therefore prebably in the
possession of Mr. Kirkaldy, who is abroad and his collection not available for
comparison or examination.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
abbreviata (Notonecta),
42.
abdominalis (Gomeda),
444.
abdominalis (Samantiga),
351.
abdullah (Terpnosia),
129.
aberrans (Zamila), 326.
Abroma, 165.
acberi (Sena), 136.
Achilida, 286.
Achilidie, 286.
Achilina, 286,
Achilinee, 286.
aculeata (Kalpa), 474.
acuminata (Radha), 347.
acuta (Cryptotympana),
8
acuta (Heleocoris ?), 82.
acutipennis (Pulastya),
417.
zgrota (Emathia), 124.
eneoniger (Hemisphie-
roides), 364.
zruginosa (Loxocephala),
232.
wtherea (Angamiana),
11%
affinis (Platypleura),
affinis (Polydictya), 217.
affinis (Pyrops), 182.
alba (Notonecta), 45.
albata (Cerynia), 408.
albata (Rhotana), 313.
albata (Tosena), 76.
albicollis (Liburnia),
483.
albicosta (Anaya), 448.
albida (Kermesia), 308.
albiflos (Kalidasa), 214.
albifrons (Corixa), 50.
albiplaga (Kinnara), 290.
albiplana (Colobesthes),
424,
albivitta (Dictyophora),
243.
alboguttata (Liburnia),
482.
albomaculata (Brixia),
271.
albomaculata (Ricania),
380.
albomarginata (Libur-
nia), 487.
albopunctata (Phylly-
phanta), 415.
albosignata (Baruna),
284.
albovenosa (Nisia), 210.
Alcathous, 197.
Aluntia, 241.
amabilis (Euphria), 211.
ambrosa (Anaya), 448.
amicta (Platylomia), 101.
Amorgius, 37.
Amphiareus, 4.
amplectens (Fulgora),
183.
amussitata (Rustia), 125.
amussitatus (Tibicen),
125.
Anagnia, 249,
Anaya, 447.
Ancyra, 225.
andamana (Platypleura),
68.
andamanensis (Fulgora),
190.
andamanensis (Lepto-
psaltria), 90.
andamanensis (Phylly-
phanta), 414.
andersoni (Cosmo-
psaltria), 98.
Angamiana, 72.
Anggira, 403.
angulata (Pochazia), 372.
angulifera (Phylly-
phanta), 416.
Anila, 260.
Anisops, 44.
annulatum
dema), 35.
ancea (Cicada), 134.
Anthocoridex, 1.
Anthocorina, 1.
Anthocorine, 1.
antica (Poeciloptera), 372,
429,
antigone (Pochazia), 374.
Aola, 115.
Aphena, 201.
Aphana, 201.
Aphanaria, 198.
Aphelochire, 25,
apicalis (Cicada), 166.
apicalis (Hurybrachys),
223.
apicalis (Lemuriana),
167.
apicalis (Ricania), 381.
apicata (Kuphria), 209.
apicata (Eurybrachys),
222.
Appasus, 35.
appendiculata (Ancyra),
225.
arcuigera
266.
argiolus (Peeciloptera),
428.
Arnulphus, 3.
ascendens (Interamma),
306.
asiaticus (Cercotmetus),
23.
asiaticus (Ctenipocoris),
32.
Asiracine, 465.
assamensis (Cheirochela),
26.
assamensis (Platylomia),
104.
assamensis (Platypleura),
70.
Assamia, 296,
(Spheero-
(Ptoleria),
494
aterrimus (Arnulphus),
atkinsoni (Geana), 147.
atkinsoni (Padanda),
atkinsoni (Pochazia),
374,
atomaria (Aphana), 203,
atra (Cicadatra), 132.
Atracis, 450.
atrata (Smara), 479.
atrosignata (Tambinia),
278.
atrovenosa (Nisia), 309.
attenuata (Toya), 472.
Augila, 335.
aurantia (Euphria), 208.
aurengzebe (‘Tibicen),
124.
aurora (Aphana), 208.
avicula (Mogannia), 152.
badia (Platypleura), 70.
Balinta, 148.
Barma, 266.
Baruna, 283.
Basa, 143.
basalis (Polydictya), 216.
basialba (Platypleura),
62.
basirufa (Aphena), 204.
basi-viridis(Platypleura),
64.
Belostoma, 37.
Belostomatida, 34.
Belostomatide, 34.
Belostomiden, 34.
Belostomides, 34.
Belostomum, 37.
bengalansis (Abroma),
166.
bergrothi (Heleocoris),
30.
bicarinata (Lawana),
42].
bicolor (Fidicina), 83.
bicolorata (Ricania),
378.
bifasciata (Tetrica), 340.
bimaculata (Lystra),
223.
bimaculata (Scarpantina),
422,
bindusara (Aola), 115.
binghami (Augila), 336.
binghami _(Talainga),
151.
bipartita (Sivaloka), 358.
bipunctata (Tangina),
292,
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
bipustulatus (Hemisphe-
rius), 362,
birmaniensis
chela), 26.
bisecta (Ketumala), 446,
Bisma, 322.
bistriata (Dictyophara),
245.
Bochara, 463.
bonellii (Caliscelis),
B04.
Botbronotus, 42.
bowringi (Brahmaloka),
337.
Brahmaloka, 337.
breviceps (Heleocoris),
29.
breviceps (Stacota), 282.
brevirostris (Fulgora),
185.
Brixia, 269.
Brixioides, 327.
buenoi (Plea), 48.
bufo (Platypleura), 59.
bufo (Tatva), 337.
bullata (Saiva), 194.
burmanica (Euphria),
210.
burmanica
226.
Bythopsyrna, 412.
(Cheiro-
(Messena),
caffer (Pelogonus), 14.
caja (Aphana), 204.
Calcagninus, 137.
Caliscelis, 334.
Calliscelis, 334.
Caloscelis, 334.
candelaria (Fulgora),
183.
candida (Lawana), 420.
capitata (Platypleura),
65.
capitata
278.
cardinalis (Saiva), 195.
carinata (Kusuma), 330.
carinatus (Brixioides),
528.
Carinetaria, 160.
carnosa (Drona), 305.
castanea (Loxocephala),
ae
casyape (Paharia), 163.
caudatus (Oliarus), 258,
Centromeria, 250.
cephalica (Centromeria),
251.
Cephaloxys, 152.
Cercotmetus, 23.
(Tambinia),
cereris (Peeciloptera),
415,
cervina (Platypleura),
cervina (Purohita), 470.
Cerynia, 408.
Ceryniaria, 407.
ceylonensis (Pterilia),
365.
ceylonica (Kinnara), 289.
ceylonica (Zoraida), 301.
Chanithus, 241.
Chaturbuja, 405.
Cheirochela, 26.
Cheirocheline, 25,
chelonia (Jagannata),
338.
chennelli (Pyrops), 182.
chinensis (Pyrops), 181.
chinensis (Ranatra), 21.
Chirochela, 26.
Chiorocystaria, 170.
Chremistica, 78.
Chroneba, 267.
Cicada, 72, 132.
Cicadaria, 78.
Cicadarix, 55.
Cicadatra, 182.
Cicadatraria, 122.
Cicadetta, 171.
Cicadidex, 55.
Cicadine, 58.
ciliata (Notonecta), 46.
ciliatus (Anisops), 46.
cinicoides(Elasmoscelis),
318.
cinctimanus (Dundubia),
111.
cingalensis
263.
circulata (Bythopsyrna),
412.
Cixiida, 255.
Cixiidee, 255,
Cixiina, 255.
Cixiine, 255.
Cixius, 259.
clara (Oxypleura), 59.
clavata (Fulgora), 191.
clio (Terpnosia), 129.
clonia (Dundubia), 127.
coccinea (Saiva), 195.
coccinelloides (Hemi-
spheerius), 359.
ccelebs (Platypleura), 62.
collina (Terpnosia), 130.
Colobesthes, 423.
coloratus (Liburnia),
488.
comma (Chaturbuja),
406.
(Mundopa),
completa (Flata), £08.
comptella (Stacota), 282.
confinis (Fidicina), 94.
confinis (Privesa), 386.
conflicta (Ormenis), 452.
confucius (Aphana), 203.
contusa (Pochazia), 371.
confusa (Terpnosia), 128.
conica (Mogannia), 152.
connectens (Fulgora),
186.
consanguinea
453.
consanguinea (Dictyo-
pharina), 253.
consanguinea (Euphria),
210.
consobrina
148.
consors (Geana), 145,
conspergata (Hpirama),
294.
couspersa (Lawana), 420.
conspurcata (Atracis),
458.
continuata (Melam-
psalta), 172.
contracta (Pulaha), 419.
contubernalis (Osto-
rodias), 3.
Copsyrna, 409, 412.
Corethrura, 321.
OCorisa, 49.
Corisx, 49.
Corisides, 49.
Corixa, 49.
Corixidx, 49.
Corixina, 49.
cornutipennis (Flata),
417.
coromandelica (Nephesa),
454.
corvus (Cryptotympana),
$l
(Atracis),
(Geeana),
Cosmopsaltria, 96.
crassicornis (Pachy-
tarsus), 9.
erenatonervosa (Deva-
dauda), 316.
cretacea (Atracis), 455.
eretata (Sarima), 344.
crocea (Scieroptera),
160.
Cromna, 414.
crudelis (Messena), 228.
Cryptoflata, 427, 435.
Cryptotympana, 80.
Ctenipocoris, 52.
eumulata (Zoraida), 301.
cuneata (Khimbya),
140.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
cuneata (Vishnuloka),
B46,
cuprea
159.
curculioides (Nilalohita),
308.
eurtiprora (Fulgora),
OZ
cyanea (Mogannia), 153.
Cyrene, 355.
Cyrtosternuin, 10.
(Scieroptera),
Daksha, 425.
Danavara, 404.
debilis (Tambinia), 277.
Dechitus, 386.
decora (Loxocephala),
99
233.
definitiva (Gaja), 460.
delecta (Privesa), 586.
delectabilis (Aphana),
206.
delesserti (Fulgora), 189,
delicatula (Lycorma),
207:
delineata (Cicada), 99.
delinenda (Balinta), 150.
Delphacida, 465.
Delphacide, 465.
Delphacina, 465.
Delphacine, 465.
deltotensis (Phromnia),
402.
Dendrophora, 241.
dentata (Assamia), 296.
dentata (Nepa), 19.
dentifrons (Lechea),
407.
dentivitta (Rustia), 125.
Derbida, 295.
Derbide, 295.
Derbina, 295.
Derbine, 295.
despecta (Dictyophora),
245.
Detya, 387.
Devadanda, 815.
Devagama, 347.
dianthus (Peeciloptera),
412.
Diaphorocoris, 28,
Diceroprocta, 78.
Dichoptera, 237.
Dicranotropis, 479.
Dictiophora, 241.
Dictyophara, 241.
Dictyopharida, 236,
Dictyopharide, 256,
Dictyopharina, 286, 252.
Dictyopharine, 236.
495
dilatata (Eurybrachys),
224.
dimidiata
205.
dimidiata (Ossa), 279.
diminuta (Khimbya),
1-1.
Diplonychus, 35.
discalis (Flatoides), 383.
dissimilis (Euphria), 211
distincta (Platypleura),
67.
distineta (Ricania), 581.
diversa (Barma), 266.
dives (Kalidasa), 214.
dives (Tosena), 77.
(Aphana),
dohertyi (Lahugada),
PAL.
dohertyi (Mundopa),
265.
dohertyi (Sogata), 471.
dohrni (Pyrops), 180.
doryca (Cosmopsaltria),
96.
Drona, 305.
dubia (Nepa), 19.
dubia (Phyllyphanta),
417.
dubius (Hemispherius),
362.
duealis (Polyneura), 74.
Dundubia, 94.
Dundubiaria, 87.
durga (Meimuna), 109.
Dyctiophoroides, 236.
edwardsi (Crypto-
tympana), 82.
effecta (Mogannia), 153,
egregia (Pibrocha), 240.
egregia (Zoraida), 504.
Egropa, 368.
Elasmoscelis, 318.
elegans (Pomponia), 126.
elongata (Ranatra), 20.
elongata (Sarima), 343.
elongatus (Heleocoris),
ol.
elongatus (Hemi-
spheerius), 362.
emanatura (Dundubia),
95.
Emathia, 123.
emersoniana (Atracis),
451.
emersoniana (Hlidiptera),
404.
eminens (Cixius), 324.
Enithara, 42.
Enithares, 42.
496
Eodelphax, 490.
Epora, 282.
Erana, 314.
ernesti (Pundaluoya),
467.
erosipennis (Atracis),
453.
Eudelphax, 490.
Eupbria, 207.
Euricania, 385.
europa (Dictyophara),
241.
Eurybrachide, 219.
Hurybrachydida, 219.
Eurybrachydina, 219.
Eurybrachydine, 219.
Eurybrachys, 220.
eusoma (Nepa), 19.
Euspudeeus, 5.
evanescens (Khimbya),
159.
exalbida (Crypto-
tympana), 86.
exequata (Pauropsalta),
174.
eximia (Caliscelis), 334.
exoleta (Udugama), 249.
expansa (Oncotympana),
118.
fabricii (Laccotrephes),
lee
fabricii (Ricania), 383.
facialis (Flatoides), 385.
facialis (Gaja), 462.
falcata’ (Colobesthes),
424.
farinosa (Aphana), 201.
Farona, 444.
fascialis (Vivaha), 808.
fasciata (Mundopa), 265.
fasciata (Pochazia), 370.
fasciata (Tosena), 75.
fatua (Hilavrita), 433.
Faventia, 286.
fezee (Cosmopsaltria), 98.
feana (Cheirochela), 26.
feana (Ranatra), 21.
fecialis (Aleathous), 197.
fenestrata (Flata), 383.
fenestrata (Ricania),
376.
ferrugata (Flata), 429.
ferruginea (Seliza), 441,
fervens (Lerida), 325.
fervens (Varma), 330.
fervida (Polydictya),
217.
festiva (Geana), 147.
festiva (Homalocephala),
199.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
festiva (Smara), 478.
ficta (Zoraida), 304.
ficulnea (Platylomia),
106.
fieberi (Anisops), 46.
filiformis (Ranatra), 21.
fimbria (Atracis), 457.
fimbriolata (Paratangia),
Ons
fimbriolata(Pceciloptera),
418.
fissiceps (Lusanda), 354.
flabellum (Ricania), 379.
flaccida (Phromnia), 400.
Flata, 398, 427.
Flataria, 413.
Flatida, 397.
Flatide, 397.
Flatina, 397.
Flatine, 397.
Flatoides, 450, 459.
Flatoidenaria, 449.
flavicorne (Cryto-
sternum), 10.
flavida (Liburnia), 487.
Flavina, 356.
flavisigna (Magadha),
PAI
flavoguttata(Cryptoflata),
428.
flavomaculata (Brixia),
272.
flavostrigata (Kosalya),
293.
flavovenosa (Nepa), 18.
floccosa (Flata), 400.
fraterna (Murybrachys),
DIR:
fritillaris | (Phenice),
296.
frontalis (Liburnia),
484.
frontalis (Plea), 48.
Frutis, 254.
Fulgora, 182.
Falgorelle, i75.
Fulgorida, 175, 178.
Fulgoride, 175.
Fulgorides, 178.
Fulgorina, 175, 178.
Fulgorine, 178.
fuliginosa (Anila), 261.
fulvescens (Amphiareus),
fulvirostris
189.
fumata (Kinnara), 289.
fumigata (Scieroptera),
160.
fuminervis (Dictyophara),
254.
(Hotinus),
fumipennis (Liburnia),
481.
fumipennis (Xylocoris),
fumosa (Ricania), 382.
fumosus (Cereotmetus),
23.
funebris (Euspudieus), 6.
funebris (Mogannia),
155.
fureato-vittata (Phenice),
298.
furcifera (Liburnia), 487.
fusea (Pomponia), 111.
fusca (Tetrica), 340.
fuscata (Ormenis), 443.
fuscata (Poehazia), 372.
fuscipennis (Farona),
445.
fuscofasciata (Kamen-
daka), 311.
fuscofasciata (Lacusa),
324.
fuscofasciata (Rhotana),
312.
fusconebulosa (Detya),
388.
fusco-nebulosus(Nicidus),
250.
fusconebulosus (Oliarus),
258.
fuscovaria (Corethrura),
ou:
fusculum (Hystero-
pterum), 342.
Geeana, 145.
Geanaria, 144.
Granine, 122.
Greetulia, 394.
Gaja, 460.
Galgulide, 13.
gamameda (Meimuna),
108.
ganesa (Terpnosia), 151.
Gebenna, 214.
gemina (Platypleura),
69.
gemimata (Saiva), 192.
Genestia, 511,
geoffroyi (Corixa), 49.
germana (Rihana), 80.
Gestroiella, 27.
gilva (Zoraida), 803.
Givaka, 344.
glauca (Hansenia), 411,
glauca (Notonecta), 41.
globiceps (Paranda), 466.
Gomeda, 445.
evacilis (Ranatra), 22.
graminea (Fulgora), 243.
granulata (Flavina), 357.
granulosa (Salurnis),
418.
granulosa (Satapa), 427.
Graptotettix, 15d.
greeni (Bisma), 323.
greeni (Mundopa), 264.
greeni (Nilaparvata),
473.
greeni (Pomponia), 128.
greeni (Thurselinus),
30.
greeni (Varcia), 390.
griseus (Nepa), 19.
grossa (Nepa), 18.
grossus (Mononyx), 16.
Gudaba, 158.
guerini (Abroma), 165.
euttatus (Graptotettix),
156.
guttifer (Hotinus), 195.
guttifera (Pochazia), 374.
guttularis (Cryptoflata),
435.
guttularis (Purana), 93.
guttulata (Saiva), 194.
euttulata (Tonga), 355.
hematica (Huechys),
158.
haliploides (Micronecta),
DU.
hamifera (Phromnia),
400.
hampsoni (Dichoptera),
239.
hampsoni (Givaka), 345.
hampsoni (Platypleura),
66.
Hansenia, 411.
Haphsa, 99.
hastata (Dictyophara),
243.
Heleocoris, 29.
hemelytra (Cephaloxys),
152.
hemerobii (Varcia), 389.
hemiptera (Cicada), 69.
Hemispheerius, 359.
Hemispheeroides, 364.
herbaceus (Hemisphze-
rius), 363.
Heteroptera, 1.
hieroglyphica (Corixa),
49
Hilavrita, 432.
himalayana (Atracis),
455.
Hiracia, 273.
hirsutus (Lippomanus),
5.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
histrionice
oe ica (Ancyra),
histrionica (Mogannia),
152.
Homalocephala, 199.
Homoptera, 52.
Hotinus, 182.
Huechys, 157.
Huechysaria, 155.
hyalina (Cicada), 376.
hyalinata (Dichoptera),
238.
hyalinata, var. hampsoni
(Dichoptera), 239.
hyalinus (Anisops), 46.
Hysteropterum, 341.
ignava (Hiracia), 273.
ignifera (Mogannia),
152.
illibata (Sarima), 343.
illustrata (Mogannia),
152.
immacula (Dundubia),
94.
inmaculata (Fidicina),
82.
immaculatum (Hystero-
pterum), 341.
imperialis (Lycorma),
205.
inconspicua (Gaja), 461.
inconspicua (Tambinia),
Zee
inconspicuus (Flatoides),
461.
inculta (Ricanoptera),
383.
indica (Atracis), 450.
indica (Enithares), 42.
indicans (Mogannia),
152.
indicum (Belostoma),
38.
indicus (Heleocoris), 51.
indicus (Mononyx), Ld.
indicus (Pelogonus), 14.
indicus (Triphleps), 8.
indocilis (Pceciloptera),
29,
inornata
402.
ane (Platypleura),
insignis (Thessitus), 251.
insularis (Atracis), 458.
insularis (Cryptotym-
pana), 85.
insularis (Saiva), 196.
insurgens (Atracis), 458.
intacta (Phromnia), 402.
(Phromnia),
497
intemerata (Dundubia),
96.
Interamma, 306.
intermedia (Cryptotym-
pana), 82.
intermedia (Pomponia),
112.
interna (Platypleura),
(Als
jnterrupta (Pitambara),
320.
interrupta (Pochazia),
370.
intracta (Unnata), 437.
inusta (Kgropa), 368.
invarians (Fidicina), 81.
io (Aphana), 203.
iole (Lycorma), 207.
iridipennis (Rhotana),
315.
Tssida, 352.
Tssidxe, 532.
Issina, 552.
Issinz, 332.
Jada, 299.
Jagannata, 338.
japonensis (Laccotre-
phes), 19.
Jivatma, 328.
Kalidasa, 212.
Kalpa, 474.
kama (Mata), 120.
Kamendaka, 310.
Kandiana, 229.
kandyiana (Varcia), 390.
Karenia, 160.
karenia (Fulgora), 188.
karenia (Karna), 275.
Kareol, 249.
Karna, 274.
Kermesia, 308.
Ketumala, 446,
Khimbya, 159.
Kinnara, 289.
Kirbya, 262.
Kirbyana, 262.
kirbyi (Hansenia), 411.
kirkaldyi (Lasonia), 396.
kohhii (Nepa), 19.
Kosalya, 292.
krisna (Polydictya), 218.
Kumanga, 170.
Kusuma, 329.
Kuvera, 261.
Laccocoraria, 28.
Laccocorinex, 28.
Laccotrephes, 17.
lactea (Pomponia), 112.
498
lacteipennis (Paharia),
162.
lactifera (Melicharia),
432.
Lacusa, 323.
leviceps (Heleocoris),
3
levifrons (Privesa), 386.
levigatus (Triphleps), 8.
Labugada, 121.
Lahugadaria, 120.
languida (Tambinia),
276.
lankana (Zoraida), 302.
larus (Platylomia), 102.
Lasonia, 395.
latens (Serida), 325,
lateralis (Dundubia),
101.
Laternariaria, 178.
lathburi (Fulgora), 186.
latifasciata (Atracis),
451.
latipennis (Danavara),
405,
latipennis (Rhotana),
311, f
Lawana, 420.
Lechza, 407.
lectissima (Aphna),
211. oe !
Lemuriana, 166.
lepelletieri (Eury-
brachys), 220.
Leptopsaltria, 89.
leptorhina (Dictyo-
phora), 248.
Lethama, 142.
Leusaba, 280.
lewisi (Kandiana), 230.
Liburnia, 480.
limacodes (Sivaloka),
352.
limbata (Flata), 398.
limbata (Phromnia),
398.
limborgi (Crypto-
tympana), 84.
limnocoroides (Gestroi-
ella), 27.
Limois, 200.
linearis (Dundubia),
Ile
linearis (Pomponia),
biel
lineata (Dict: ar
pant (Dictyophara),
lineatipes (Enithares),
v0.
lineatus (Hemisphe-
roides), 364.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
lineolalis (Usana), 294.
Lippomanus, 9.
literata (Melampsalta),
173.
liturata (Plea), 47.
locusta (Lethama), 142.
longipennis (Centro-
meria), 250.
Lophopida, 317.
Lophopide, 217.
Lophopina, 317.
Lophopine, 317.
Lexocephala, 232.
Lusanda, 354.
lutescens (Cerynia), 409.
Jutescens (Melicharia),
431.
lycoides (Zamila), 326.
Lycorma, 205.
lyncea (Bochara), 464.
lyre (Polyctenes), 11.
lyrata (Flata), 248.
mackinnoni (Platy-
pleura), 60.
maculata (Copsyrna),
410.
maculata (Fulgora),
189.
maculata (Geeana) 145.
maculata (Jagannata),
B09.
maculata (Putala), 247.
maculatus (Lacco-
trephes), 19.
maculicollis (Abroma),
165.
maculipes (Terpnosia),
131
maculosa (Tambinia),
madhava (Terpnosia),
130.
Magadha, 290.
malaya (Ricania), 377.
manifesta (Hury-
brachys), 221.
mannifera (Dundubia),
94.
marginalis (Leusaba),
281.
marginalis (Liburnia),
488.
marginalis (Ricania),
376.
marginata (Belostoma),
35.
marginata (Daksha),
425.
marginata (Enithares),
45.
marginata (Gudaba),
139.
marginata (Para-
tangia), 294.
marginatus (Pelogonus),
ae
marginella (Phromnia),
398, 402.
marginellus (Salurnis),
418.
marginepunctata
(Orchesma), 477.
marginicollis (Appasus),
3b.
maria (Cerynia), 408.
Mata, 119,
meander (Brixia), 270.
mearesiana (Tosena), 76.
Meimuna, 107.
Mejonosoma, 334.
Melampsalta, 171.
Melampsaltaria, 171.
Melandeva, 268.
melanoptera (Onco-
tympana), 119.
melanoptera (Tosena),
76.
melichari (Paruzelia ?),
285.
Melicharia, 480.
mellerborgi (Rican-
optera), 383.
mesochlora (Anaya),
447.
Messena, 226.
Mestus, 489.
metallica (Jivatma),
329.
Miasa, 247.
Microchoria, 326.
microdon (Meimuna),
110.
Micronecta, 50.
Microphysina, 9.
Microphysine, 9.
minutissima (Micro-
necta), 50.
minutissima (Plea), 47.
minutula (Liburnia),
482.
mitescens (Ricania),
377.
mixta (Rihana), 79.
mneme (Pauropsalta),
174.
modesta (Scarpan-
tina), 423.
moelleri (Atracis), 454.
moesta (Phenice), 296,
Mogannia, 152.
Moganniaria, 151.
molestum (Sphxrodema),
36.
molossus (Polyctenes),
ile
monoceros (Hinbolo-
phora) (Liburnia),
4e0.
Mononychida, 15.
Mononychine, 14,
Mononyx, !4.
montandoni (Noto-
necta), 41.
montivaga (Phromnia),
401
montivaga (Tosena), 77.
morio (Mestus), 489.
morrisi (Purana), 92.
mortuifolia (Thessitus),
230.
motschoulskyi (Zoraida),
303.
multicolor (Thessitus),
- 231.
Mundopa, 263.
munita (Atracis), 451.
musiva (Melampsalta),
172.
musiva, var. caspica
(Melampsalta), 172.
mustelinus (Pyrops),
180.
myittee (Mundopa), 264.
naga (Pisacha), 392.
nagarasingna (Platy-
lomia), 103.
Nakta, 436.
nanula (Notonecta), 45.
Narayana, 549.
nasuta (Pterygoma),
366.
natalensis (Anisops), 45.
natalicola (Brixia), 269.
Naucoraria, 33.
Naucoridex, 25.
Naucorine, 33.
nebulosa (Bochara),
464.
nebulosa (Magadha),
291.
nebulosa (Messena),
97
-</.
Nectocoris, 34.
negrito (Polydictya), 217.
Nepa, 17.
Nephesa, 45+.
Nephesaria, 429.
Nepida, 17.
Nepide, 17.
Nersia; 241,
Nervinops, 35.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
nervosus (Cixius), 259.
Nesis, 233.
Nicidus, 229.
nicobarica (Aphana),
202.
nicobarica (Platy-
pleura), 67.
nicomache (Haphsa)
99.
nietneri (Atracis), 452.
niger (Odontobrachys),
ty
i.
nigricornis (Vinata), 314,
nigrimacula (Dictyo-
phara), 242.
nigrimacula (Dundubia),
94.
nigro-irrorata (Aphana),
203.
nigro-maculata (Kali-
dasa), 213.
nigro-notatus (Thes-
situs), 231.
nigro-punctata (Aph-
ena), 203.
nigropunctata (Seliza),
nigropunctatus (Dicrano-
tropis), 480.
nigrovenosa (Getulia),
394.
nigrovittata (Varcia),
589.
Nilalohita, 358.
Nilaparvata, 473.
nilgiriensis (Calcag-
ninus), 138.
nilgiriensis (Dictyo-
phara), 242.
nilgiriensis (Hemi-
spheerius), 351.
Nisia, 309.
nitagalensis (Jada), 300.
nitagalensis (Thracia),
304..
nivea (Anisops), 45.
niveus (Anisops), 46.
nivifera (Fidicina), 83.
nivosa (Vinata), 315.
nobili (Platypleura), 69.
nodata (Saiva), 193.
Nogodini, 387.
Nogodiniaria, 387.
notata (Paratangia),
294.
notatus (Diaphorocoris),
28.
Notonecta, 40.
Notonectix, 40.
Notonectida, 40.
Notonectide, 40.
?
499
Notonectine, 40.
nubifurca (Abroma),
166.
nubifurca (Tibicen),
168.
nubila (Brixia), 270.
nubila (Dichoptera),
239.
obliqua (Mogannia), 154.
obliquatus (Heleocoris),
ol.
obnubila (Onco-
tympana), 117.
obscura (Pochazia), 380.
obscura (Ricania), 372.
obsoleta (Zoraida), 303.
obtecta (Dundubia),
105.
ocellata (Flata), 428.
ocellata (Melandeva),
268.
ocellus (Euricania), 385.
ochracea (Rihana), 78.
Ochtbera, 13.
Ochtherus, 13.
octoguttata (Platy-
pleura), 67,
ectoguttata (Peecilo-
psaltria, 59,
octonotata (Balinta), 148.
octonotata (Huechys),
15v,
oculata (Fulgora), 187.
oculata (Gordia), 294.
Odontobrachys, 7.
Oliarus, 256.
Omalocephala, 199.
Oncotympana, 117.
oopaga (Cosmopsaltria),
ie
opaca (Ricanoptera),
384.
operosa (Lycorma), 207.
operosa (Vinata), 314.
Orchesma, 476.
orientis (Flatoides), 376.
Ormenis, 450.
Oryxa, 459.
Ossa, 279.
Ostorodias, 2.
ovivora (Corixa), 50.
Oxypleura, 58.
Pachytarsus, 9.
Padanda, 331.
pagana (Kirbyana), 262.
Paharia, 162.
pallescens (Plea), 48.
pallida (Dictyophara),
243
500
pallida (Diectyophora),
244.
pallida (Fulgora), 245.
pallida (Ormenis), 432.
pallidenotata (Ranatra),
Die
pallidiventris (Oncotym-
pana), 117.
pallidula (Iiburnia),
486.
pallifrons (Chroneba),
267.
Pamendanga, 298.
Panka, 168.
pantberina (Polydictya),
218.
parallelus (Sesellius), 7.
Paramelicharia, 409.
Paranda, 466.
Parnisaria, 168.
partita (Seliza), 442.
Paruzelia, 284.
parva (Bochara), 463.
paulinia (Kalidasa), 213.
Pauropsalta, 174.
pectinata (Devadanda),
316.
pectinipennis (Ptery-
goma), 367.
pedunculata (Rustia),
125.
Pelegonide, 15.
pellucens (Anisops), 46.
pellucida (Pucina), 395.
Pelogonida, 13.
Pelogonide, 13.
Pelogonine, 15.
Pelogonus, 15.
pennata (Drona), 506.
Penthicus, 201.
percarinata (Dicty-
ophara), 245.
percheroni (Cicada), 147.
perforatus (Flatoides),
317
perplexa (Atracis), 455.
perpusilla (Zamila), 527.
pfeiferie (Laccotrephes),
18.
phalnoides
pleura), 71.
Phenice, 296.
philemata (Huechys),
157.
Phoronis, 212.
Phromnia, 398.
Phromniaria, 397.
Phyllyphanta, 414.
Phyma, 420.
Pibrocha, 240.
piceata (Pterilia), 566.
(Platy-
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
piceipennis (Narayana),
350.
picta (Huechys), 149.
picturatus (Caleagninus),
137.
pilifer (Cixius), 260.
pie (Cercotmetus),
Pie Solis
Pitambara, 319.
placabilis (Lycorma),
205.
plana (Nepa), 36.
’ Platylomia, 100.
Platypleura, 58.
platy poda (Elasmoscelis),
318.
Plea, 47.
Pleida, 46.
Pleing, 46.
plenipennis
304.
Pleroma, 289.
Ploa, 47.
Ploea, 47.
Pochazia, 370.
Peecilopsaltria, 59.
polita (Platypleura), 61.
polita (Ricanoptera),
384,
Polyctenes, 11.
Polyctenide, 11.
Polydictya, 215.
Polyneura, 73.
Polyneuraria, 58.
Pomponia, 111.
ponderosus (Hotinus),
HOE
Privesa, 386.
producta (Phyllyphanta),
414.
(Geetulia),
productus (Anisops), 45.
prominens (Gretulia),
19}5):
prominula (Vishnuloka),
345.
Proutista, 296.
proxima (Anaya), 449.
proxima (Ricania), 382.
psecas (Terpnosia), 126.
Pseudophana, 241.
Pseudophanides, 256.
psylloides (Liburnia),
484.
psyllomorpha
zelia), 285
Pterilia, 365.
Pterophoroides(Zoraida),
300.
Pterygoma, 366.
Ptoleria, 265.
(Paru-
Pucina, 392.
Pulaha, 419.
Pulastya, 417.
pulehella (Aphana), 203.
pulchella (Cicada), 147.
pulchra (Frutis), 235.
pulverosa (Messena), 226.
pulverosa (Ricania), 380.
pulverulenta (Hansenia),
punctata (Pyrops), 182.
punctata (Zanna), 180.
punctatissimus (Diapho-
rocoris), 28.
punctativentris(Phenice),
297.
punctifera
2. ire
(Messena),
punetipennis (Oliarus),
259.
punctula (Vekunta), 288
Pundaluoya, 467.
punicea (Lycorma), 206.
Purana, 91.
Purohita, 470.
pustulata (Cryptotym-
pana), 80.
pustulata
287.
pustulatus (Flatoides),
447.
Putala, 246.
Pyena, 71.
pyralis (Atracis), 450.
Pyrops, 179.
pyrorhyncha
188.
(Faventia),
(Fulgora),
quadrata (Melicharia),
431.
quadrimacula
loxys), 135.
queerula (Sena), 135.
Quintilia, 169.
(Cepha-
Radha, 346.
radha (Platylomia), 105.
radians (Pitambara), : es
radiata (Lawana), 421
radiata (Messena), 298,
rajah (Fulgora), 188.
ramifera (Dundubia),
ne
ramosa (Aluntia), 241].
rana (Devagama), 348.
Ranatra, 19.
ransonneti (Terpnosia),
128.
raptorius (Mononyx), 14.
ravida (Karenia), 161.
recta (Cryptotympana),
83.
recta (Mogannia), 152.
relata (Kuphria), 210.
repanda (Pyena), 71.
repanda, vai. assamensis
(Platypleura), 70.
resima (Aphana), 209.
reticulata (Paharia), 164.
reticulatus (Hemisphe-
rius), 361.
reversa (Purusha), 236.
Rhotana, 511.
Ricania, 375.
Ricaniida, 369.
Ricaniidx, 369.
Ricaniina, 369.
Ricaniine, 369.
Ricaniinaria, 369.
Ricanini, 369.
Ricanoptera, 382.
Ribana, 78.
robustus (Laccotrephes),
18.
rogersi (Fulgora), 190.
rosea (Cerynia), 409.
rosea (Nephesa), 454.
rostrata (Cephaloxys),
154.
rostrata (Putala), 246.
rostrata (Sardia), 475.
rotundata (Spharodema),
35.
ruber (Laccotrephes), 18.
rubicunda (Phromnia),
400.
rubilinea (Pamendanga),
299.
rubricincta (Hury-
brachys), 224.
rubrofasciata (Inter-
amma), 306.
rufitarsis (Leusaba), 281.
rufivena (Zoraida), 302.
rufiventris (Quintilia),
169.
rufoornata (Tambinia),
278.
rufovarius (Hemisphee-
rius), 359.
rugipennis (Sena), 136.
Rustia, 124.
rusticitatis (Narayana),
349.
rusticum (Spherodema),
36.
rusticus (Nervinops), 36,
Saiva, 192.
Salurnis, 418.
Samantiga, 351.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
samila
90.
sandaracata (Kumanga),
170.
sanguiflua
67.
sanguinalis
212.
sanguinea
love
sanguinipes (Aphana),
234.
-~
(Leptopsaltria),
(Oxypleura),
(Kalidasa),
(Huechys),
sanguinolenta
gonia), 157.
sankana (Cicadatra), 132.
sardea (Anisops), 45.
Sardia, 475.
Sarima, 342.
Satapa, 426.
saturata (Platylomia),
105.
(Tetti-
saundersii (Aphana),
201.
sauropsis (Dictyophara),
244.
Scarpantina, 422.
schaumi(Hemispherius),
361.
schimperii (Aluntia),
241.
Scieroptera, 1é8.
scitula (Aola), 116.
scutellaris (Anisops),
46.
scutellaris (Aphana),
201
secundus (Hemisphi-
rius), 360.
Seliza, 440.
Selizaria, 440.
sellata (Narayana), 350.
semiannulus (Hotinus),
196.
semicincta (Cicada), 167.
semihyalina (Kuvera),
261
semilucida (Platypleura),
Sena, 134.
serendiba (Kodelphax),
. 491.
serendiba (Orchesma),
477.
Serida, 324.
serratus (Mononyx), 15.
servus (Flatoides), 459.
Sesellius, 6.
setulosus
491.
sicula (Satapa), 426.
Sigara, 49.
(Eudelphax),
501
Sigarida, 49.
Sigaridx, 49.
signata (Pterilia), 366.
sulhetana (Meimuna),
109.
simalata (Ricania), 380.
similata (Vareia), 391.
similis (Platylomia), 102.
simplex (Notonecta), 44.
simplex (Pundaluoya),
468.
simplicia (Pundaluoya),
468
simulans (Riecania), 378.
simulata (Centromeria),
252,
simulata (Panka), 168.
sinensis (Phyllyphanta),
415,
singularis (Basa), 148.
sinhalana (Melicharia),
431.
sinuata (Messena), 229.
sinuata (Pitambara), 321.
sinuosa (Zoraida), 300.
sita (Khimbya), 141.
siva (Sigara), 50.
Sivaloka, 352.
Smara, 478.
smaragdilinea (Miasa),
248.
sobria (Dundubia), 94.
Sogata, 471.
solitaria (Pomponia),
4
sordescens (Liburnia),
486.
sordidula (Ranatra), 22.
spectra (Anaya), 448.
spectra (Kamendaka),
311.
speculum (Ricania), 377.
speilinea (Centromeria),
250.
Sphxrodema, 35.
sphinx (Platypleura), 65.
spinole (Fulgora), 185.
spinosa (Hurybrachys),
222.
spinosa (Platylomia),
100.
splendens
249.
splendida (Tosena), 77.
splendidula (Scieroptera),
159.
spoliata (Ricania), 382,
Stacota, 281.
stali (Nectocoris), 35.
stellaris (Pceciloptera),
428.
(Udugama),
502
stellata (Geana), 146.
steveni (Cicada), 135.
Stiborus, 289.
stigma (Oliarus), 257.
stigma (Ricania). 580.
stigma (Upachara), 469.
stigmatica (Scarpantina),
422.
stipata (Terpnosia), 127.
stoliczkana (Nakta),
436.
strabus (Heleocoris), 29.
straminea (Platypleura),
61,
striata (Cicadatra), 134.
striata (Flavina), 357.
striata (Micronecta), 50.
striata oat 374.
stridula (Platypleura),
59.
Stridulantes, 55.
Stridulantia, 55.
strigosa (Cicada), 169.
strix (Pyena), 71.
stupida (Ricania), 379
stygia (Ricania), 374.
subfasciata (Brixia), 270,
subfasciata (Eurybra-
chys), 223.
subfasciatum (Hystero-
pterum), 341.
submaculata (Euphria),
200.
subocellata (Fulgora),
187.
subrhombeus (Diplony-
chus), 37.
subrufa (Oxypleura), 69,
subtilis (Epora), 288.
subtilis (Gaja ?), 462.
subtilitis (Epora), ), 280.
subyenosa (Cicada), 135.
subyitta (Quintilia), 169.
Sudasina, 353.
suleiceps (Augila), 335.
sulphurea (Gaana), 147.
superba (Phenice), 297.
surya (Pomponia), 115,
sylvia (Gebenna), 215. ‘
Symplana, 254.
tabrobanensis (Oliarus),
DONTE
Tacuaria, 74.
Talainga, 150.
tamarisca (Cicada), 172.
Tambinia, 276.
Tangina, 291.
tantilus (Triphleps), 8.
Taphuraria, 164.
Tatya, 336.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
tavoyana (Meimuna),
108.
Tejasa, 458.
Temesa, 287.
templetoni
43.
tenebricosa (Balinta),
149:
(Enithares),
tenebrosus (Flatoides),
377.
tenebrosus (Pyrops),
179).
tenella (Flata), 408.
tenella (Vekunta), 288.
tennentina (Danavara),
404.
tennentina(Pceciloptera),
451.
tennentina (Scarpantia),
405.
Terpnosia, 126.
terpsichore (Dundubia),
O4.
testacea (Huechys), 157.
testaceus (Hemisphz-
rius), 360.
testaceus (Mestus), 490.
testudo (Sudasina), 853.
Tetrica, 539,
Tettigetta, Uke
Tettigia, 152.
thalassina (Cicada), 147.
thala (Pomponia), 114.
Thaumastodictya, 215.
Thessita, 250.
Thessitus, 230.
thoracica (Huechys). 158.
thoracicus (Graptotettix),
156.
Thracia, 300.
Thurselinus, 33,
Tibicen, 165.
Tibicinaria, 162.
Tibicinine, 154.
tigrina (Purana), 91.
tigrina (Rustia), 125.
tigroides (Purana), 92.
timorica (Fidicina), 838.
tomentosa (Eurybra-
chys), 222.
Tonga, 359.
tortriciformis
271.
tortrix (Flatoides), 489.
Tosena, 75.
Toya, 472.
trabeata
1159:
transversa (Huechys), 77.
triangu! aris (Enithares),
(Brixia),
(Scieroptera),
triangularis (Pochazia),
975
recess (Nesis), 234.
tricolor (Phromnia),
399.
tricolor (Polydictya),
lie
tridens (Varma), 331.
trimaculata (Hilavrita),
435.
trimaculata
312.
Triopsis, 256, 269.
Triphleps, 8.
tripurasura (Meimuna),
107.
Tropiduchida, 272.
Tropiduchide, 272.
Tropiduchina, 272.
Tropiduchine, 272.
truncata (Oryxa), 459.
truncata (Seliza), 442.
tuberosa (Leptopsaltria),
Od.
typica (Ang
(Rhotana),
gira), 403.
Udugama, 249.
umbrata (Platylomia),
103.
umbrata (Tejasa), 438.
umbrosa (Narayana),
350,
undulata (Pitambara),
320.
uniformis (Salurnis),
419.
unipunctata (Crypto-
flata), 435.
unistrigosa (Liburnia),
485.
Unnata, 437.
Upachara, 469.
urania (Dundubia), 111.
Usana, 293.
vaginata (Tettigonia),
94.
valida (Ranatra), 21.
Varcia, 389.
varians (Dundubia), 94.
varicolor (Cryptotym-
pana), 86.
variegata (Aphana), 204.
variegatus (Penthicus),
204.
Varma, 330.
Vekunta, 287.
velitaris (Haphsa), 100.
yenosa (Devagama), 548.
venosa (Liburnia), 481.
venosa (Rhotana), 314.
venosus (Hemispherius),
363.
venusta
221,
venutissima (Mogannia),
152.
verhuelli (Fulgora), 187.
veris-amor (Aphzena),
235.
versicolor (Nesis), 234.
vesta (Cryptotympana),
85.
vibrans
101.
vicina (Cicada), 85.
vidua (Seliza), 441.
Vinata, 314.
virescens (Cicada), 94.
virescens (Hemisphe-
rius), 360.
(Kurybrachys),
(Platylomia),
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
virescens (Saiva), 196.
viridimixta (Tetrica),
340.
viridinervis (Symplana),
254.
viridirostris
185.
viridis (Mogannia), 154.
viridis (Stiborus), 280.
viridissima (Dictyopha-
rina), 253.
viridistigma (Centro-
meria), 251.
viridula (Phromnia), 401.
Vishnuloka, 545.
vitriceps (Rhotana), 313.
Vivaha, 307.
(Fulgora),
walkeri (Iictyophara),
244,
508
walkeri (Euphria), 214.
walkeri (Hiracia), 274.
walkeri (Oliarus), 256.
watsoni (Platypleura),
63.
westwoodi (Hurybra-
chys), 228.
westwoodi (Limois),
200.
westwoodi (Platypleura),
64.
westwoodi (Tonga), 355.
xantes (Cicadatra), 133.
Zamila, 326.
Zanna, 179.
Zebra (Ricania), 379.
Zoraida, 300,
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