Richard Snowden Andrews, lieutenant-colonel commanding the First Maryland Artillery (Andrews' battalion) Confederate States army; a memoir

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RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

THE NEW YORK
PUBLir I.IRIURY

ASTOR. LENOX AND
TILHEN POUNDATIONS
It L

Lieutenant-Colonel R. SNOWDEN ANDREWS,

Confederate States Artillery.

From a portrait by Hallwig.

RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL
Commanding the FIRST MARYLAND ARTILLERY

(ANDREWS' BATTALION)

CONFEDERATE STATES ARMY

A MEMOIR

Edited by TUNSTALL SMITH, Baltimore

Press of

The Sun Job Printing Office

1910

THE NJ-W YORK
PUBLK3 LIBRARY

190781-

AinOK, LKNOX AND

■WLDEiN VOUNL>AT10NS

R 1942 L

He would not flatter Neptu7ie for his trident.

Or Jove for ^ s power to thunder. His heart'' s his mouth;

What his breast forges, that his tongue must vent ;

And, being angry, does forget that ever

He heard the name of death.

Shakespeare, Coriolanus III : i, 256.

PREFACE.

In the year iS^y, General Bradley T. Johnson, who
zt'as engaged in a zvork on the Marylanders in the Con-
federate Army, zvrote from his farm, "The Woodlands,"
in Virginia, and asked me to persuade my father-in-law,
General Andrews, to send him an account of a fight of
tzvo guns of the First Maryland Artillery at Sevensons
Depot near Winchester in i86^; and at the same time, to
zvrite his recollections of his military experience.

General Andrezvs began this in ipoo, but zvas seised
by the illness from zvhich he never recovered, zvithont
finishing it. I sent zvhat he had done to General Johnson
who said he would finish it from his ozvn recollection;
but unfortunately he, too, zuas attacked by a severe illness
and died zmthout completing the zvork. All the papers
were sent back to me by General Johnson's son and are

8 PREFACE

now in the possession of General Andrezvs' son, Charles
Lee Andrezvs, of Neiv York.

I have endeavored to weave these fragments into a
continuous narrative, introducing the original papers and
letters in their proper sequence, supplying the parts that
are wanting from Scharfs History of Maryland and
other sources.

Captain Cecil Battine, of the Fifteenth, the King's
Hussars, in the preface to his "Crisis of the Confederacy,"
says:

"If the heroic endurance of the Southern people and the
fiery valour of the Southern Armies thrill us today with
wonder and admiration, the stubborn tenacity and courage
zvhich succeeded in preserving intact the heritage of the
American Nation, and zvhich triumphed over foes so for-
midable, are not less zvorthy of praise and imitation. The
Americans still hold the zvorld's record for hard fighting."

My object hi printing this memoir, is to preserve for
his family and descendants a record of some of the events
in the life of an American soldier zvho did his full share

PREFACE 9

of hard fighting; I hope it may also be of some interest to
the descendants of those who served zvitli him.

I beg to express my thanks to Dr. James McHenry Hoivard,
Messrs. Duncan Clark, Clapham Murray, D. Ridgely
Hozvard, Thomas Clcmniitt, Jr., John Redivood, and Major
J'V. Stuart Symington for their assistance and suggestions:
end to Mrs. Pinkney IVhyte, Mrs. F. McLaughlin, Messrs.
Bradley Saunders Jolinson, B. Welch Owens and Robert
Y. Conrad for photographs.

TuNSTALL Smith.
Baltimore, 1910.

CONTENTS

Page
Chap. I. Introductory 15

Chap. II. Personal Reminiscences 29

Chap. III. Recollections of the Summer of 1862 by Mary

Lee Andrews 56

Chap. IV. Cedar Run — Second Battle of Fredericksburg . . "^ti,

Chap. V. Steven so n^s Depot — Gettysburg 94

Chap. VI. England-France-Germany-Mexico-Conclusion. . . 124

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Lieutenant-Colonel R. Snowden Andrews Frontispiece.

Brigadier-General T. P. Andrews i6

Emily Roseville Snowden 24

Brigadier-General Bradley Tyler Johnson 32

Lieutenant-Colonel James R. Herbert 40

James William Owens 48

Mary Lee Andrews 56

Dr. John Contee Fairfax 64

The Torn Jacket 68

Major R. Snowden Andrews 72

Facsimile of Recommendation for Prot>iotion 7^-17

DowNMAN House 88

Marye House 88

August James Albert 96

Stevenson's Depot 100

The Old Bridge 100

Maryland Veterans 112

Facsimile of Permit to Accompany German Army 130

Colonel T. S. Rhett 136

CHAPTER I.

Introductory.

Richard Snowden Andrews was born in Wash-
ington, D. C, October 29, 1830, the son of
Colonel Timothy Patrick Andrews and Emily
Roseville [Snowden] Andrews. Timothy Pat-
rick Andrews was born in Ireland and came to
America with his father, George Andrews, in
1798. He had two brothers, both in the United
States Army, — Colonel George Andrews and
Colonel Christopher Andrews. As all three
brothers were in the army and one or the other
served in three wars,^ it may be of interest to
give a short account of their experiences.

George Andrews was in the wars against the
Seminole Indians in Florida. The Army and
Navy Chronicle for the year 1838 is full of indig-
nant letters against the useless sacrifice of valu-
able lives ; one letter contends that all the Indians
in Florida were not worth the life of one of the

^George Andrews, in the Seminole War; T. P. Andrews, in
the Mexican War; R. Snowden Andrews was in the Confederate
Army, while his father was Paymaster General of the United
States Army; his son, Charles Lee Andrews, served on the
"Yankee" in the Spanish War.

15

i6 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

officers, so many of whom perished in hunting
down the Seminoles, and suggests that the gov-
ernment should put a price on the head of every
Indian and so induce adventurers to rid the
country of them by using Cuban bloodhounds
or any other means.

George Andrews was a captain in the Sixth
United States Infantry at the battle of Lake
Okeechobee in the Seminole War, December
25th, 1837. Colonel Zachary Taylor in his official
report of the battle says:

"I am not sufficiently master of words to express my
admiration of the gallantry and steadiness of the officers
and soldiers of the Sixth Regiment of Infantry. It was
their fortune to bear the brunt of the battle. The report
of the killed and wounded, which accompanies this, is more
conclusive evidence of their merits than anything I can say.
After five companies of this regiment, against whom the
enemy directed the most deadly fire, were nearly cut up
(there being only four men left uninjured in one of them),
and every officer and orderly sergeant of these companies,
with one exception, were either killed or wounded, Captain
Noel, with the remaining two companies formed on the
right of the Fourth Infantry, entered the hammock with
that regiment and continued the fight and the pursuit until
its termination. It is due to Captain Andrews and Lieu-
tenant Walker to say they commanded two of the five
companies mentioned above and they continued to direct
them until they were both severely wounded and carried
from the field, the latter receiving three separate balls.

Brigadier-General T. P. ANDREWS,
United States .Xrmy.

A MEMOIR 17

Officers killed: Lieutenant-Colonel A. R. Thompson,
Adjutant J. P. Center,
Captain van Swearingen,
First Lieutenant F. J. Brooke,
and nineteen rank and file, all of the Sixth.

Officers wounded: Captain G. Andrews,

Second Lieutenant W. H. T. Walker,
First Lieutenant J. L. Hooper,

and seventy-six rank and file, of the Sixth and Fourth."

Colonel Thompson and Adjutant Center were
both killed by shots from Indians in the tree
tops. Colonel George Andrews was shot during
the battle of Lake Okeechobee in a most extraor-
dinary way. He saw an Indian in the top
branches of a tall pine signalling to his warriors.
He seized a musket from a soldier and fired. The
Indian dropped but had first sent a ball throug;h
Colonel Andrews' arm from the wrist to the
elbow.

George Andrews graduated from West Point
July I, 1823, and began in the Sixth Infantry as
Second Lieutenant. He retired from active serv-
ice as Lieutenant-Colonel of the same regiment,
February 15, 1862, for disability resulting from
long and faithful service and wounds received in
the line of duty.

Timothy Patrick Andrews served when
scarcely more than a boy with Commodore

i8 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

Barney on the "Potomac" in 1814. He was after-
wards appointed a Paymaster in the Army.

A curious item appears in the Army and Navy
Chronicle of May i8th, 1837:

Rapid Travelling. Paymaster T. P. Andrews and Lieu-
tenant A. Herbert, of the Army, left Black Creek, Florida,
on Tuesday, the 9th instant, and arrived at Washington on
Monday last, having performed the journey in six days.
This is the shortest time, we believe, in which the same
journey has ever been accomplished; and when we take into
account that there is no connected line of steamboats and
stages, it may be accounted a remarkably short trip.

When the Mexican War broke out he was put
in command of the voltigeurs (a regiment spe-
cially organized for this war, but afterwards
known as the Mounted Rifles), as colonel, with
Joseph E. Johnston, afterwards Commander-in-
Chief of the Confederate Army at the beginning
of the war of 1861, as lieutenant-colonel. He
was distinguished for bravery at the battle of El
Molino, and was brevetted Brigadier-General for
conspicuous gallantry at the capture of Chapul-
tepec, where his regiment led the assault. But
in order to refresh the memory about the almost
forgotten events of this war in which there w^ere
so many actors who were destined to play impor-
tant parts in a larger and more terrible drama

A MEMOIR 19

not long afterwards, it is only necessary to quote
a few of the reports of generals from the official
records of the Mexican War.

General Worth in his official report of the bat-
tle of El Molino on the 8th of September, 1847,
writes:

"I desire to bring to the notice of the General-in-Chief
the gallantry and good conduct of Brigadier-General
Cadwalader. * * =f= General Cadwalader particularly
notices Colonel Andrews, Lieutenant-Colonel Graham
(killed), Lieutenant-Colonel J. E. Johnston, Majors Cald-
well and Talcott, Captains C. J. Biddle, Irwin and Guthrie,
Lieutenant R. H. Johnson, Assistant Surgeon J. D. Scott
and especially Captain G. Deas, Assistant Adjutant-
General."2

The victory of the 8th at Molinos del Rey was followed
by daring reconnoissances on the part of our distinguished
engineers — Captain Lee, Lieutenants Beauregard, Stevens
and Tower^ and special mention is made of Lieutenant
Jackson's section of Captain Magruder's field battery.'*

General Scott's report to the Secretary of War
says :

"Besides Major Generals Pillow and Quitman, Brigadier
Generals Shields, Smith and Cadwalader, the following are
the officers and corps most distinguished in these brilliant
operations : The voltigeur regiment in two detachments

^Mexican War Reports, I, 366.
^Ibid. I, 376.
*Ibid. I, 381.

20 RICHARD S NOW DEN ANDREWS

commanded respectively by Colonel Andrews and Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Johnston, the latter mostly in the lead,
accompanied by Major Caldwell, Captain Barnard and
Biddle of the same regiment, the former the first to plant
a regimental colours and the latter among the first in the
assault; the storming party of Worth's division under
Captain McKenzie, Second Artillery, with Lieutenant
Selden, Eighth Infantry, early on the ladder and badly
wounded ; Lieutenant Armistead, Sixth Infantry, the first to
leap into the ditch to plant a ladder; Lieutenant Rogers of
the Fourth and J. P. Smith of the Fifth Infantry (both
mortally wounded) ; the Ninth Infantry under Colonel
Ransom, who was killed while gallantly leading that gallant
regiment; the Fifteenth Infantry under Lieutenant-Colonel
Howard and Major Woods with Captain Chase, whose
Company gallantly carried the redoubt, midway up the
acclivity; Colonel Clarke's brigade (Worth's division) con-
sisting of the Fifth, Eighth and part of the Sixth Regiments
of Infantry commanded respectively by Captain Chapman,
Major Montgomery and Lieutenant Edward Johnson
(the latter specially noticed), with Lieutenants Longstreet
(badly wounded, advancing colours in hand), Pickett and
Merchant.^ * * *

In conclusion, I beg to enumerate, once more, with due
commendation and thanks, Lieutenant-Colonel Hitchcock
* * * Captain Lee, Engineer, so constantly distinguished,
also bore important orders from me (September 13th) until
he fainted from a wound and the loss of two nights' sleep
at the batteries, Lieutenants Beauregard, Stevens and

^Mexican War Reports, I, 379-380.

A MEMOIR 21

Tower * * * Lieutenants G. W. Smith and G. P..
McClellan. * * *

I have the honor to be, Sir, with high respect,
Your most obedient servant,

WiNFIELD SCOTT.6

To Hon. WilHam Marcy,

Sec'y of War.

General Worth's report follows:'^

"After advancing some four hundred yards we came to
a battery which had been assailed by a portion of Magruder's
field guns — particularly the section under the gallant Lieu-
tenant Jackson who, although he had lost most of his horses
and many of his men, continued chivalrously at his post
combatting with noble courage * * * i have again to
make acknowledgments to Colonels Garland and Clark,
brigade commanders, and also to their respective staffs ; to
Lieutenant-Colonels Duncan and Smith; Captain McKenzie,
commanding, and the following officers composing the
storming party : Lieutenant Simpson, Second Artillery, and
Johnson, Third Artillery (light battalion) Lieutenants
Rogers and McConnell, Fourth Infantry; Captain Ruggles
and Lieutenant J. P. Smith, Fifth Infantry; Lieutenants
Armistead and Morrow, Sixth Infantry; and Lieutenant
Selden, Eighth Infantry; to Lieutenant-Colonel Belton,
Third Artillery, Major Lee, Fourth; and Brevet Major
Montgomery, Eighth ; to Lieutenant Jackson, First Artillery
(Magruder's light battery) Lieutenant Hunt, Second

''Mexican War Reports, I, 385-386.
^bid. I, 391, &c.

22 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

Artillery (Duncan's light battery) Captain Brooks (Second
Artillery) Lieutenants Lendrum and Shields, Third
Artillery; S. Smith, Haller and Grant, Fourth Infantry,
especially; and Lieutenant Judah, Fourth Infantry, Lieu-
tenant and Adjutant Lugenbiel, Fifth; and Lieutenant E.
Johnson, Sixth (much distinguished) Captains Bomfort and
Gates, and Lieutenants Merchant and Pickett (each distin-
guished for gallantry and zeal) ; the young and gallant
Rodgers and J. P. Smith, lieutenants of the Fourth and
Fifth Infantry, killed with the storming party; Captain
Edwards, voltigeurs, and Lieutenant Hagner, ordnance,
commanded mounted howitzers, placed upon buildings, and
rendered effective service, well sustained by the intelligent
ordnance men.

Of the staff : Lieutenants Stephens, Smith and McClellan,
engineers, displayed the gallantry, skill and conduct which
so eminently distinguished their corps. ^

W. J. Worth,

Gen'l."

"In noticing the conduct of the officers of the voltigeurs,
and the Ninth and Fifteenth Infantry, in this charge of
unsurpassed gallantry, I can scarcely command language to
do them justice.

The voltigeur regiment, which was ordered forward in
advance as skirmishers to clear the entrenchments and trees
of the large force of the enemy, who were directing a most
galling fire into the command, the right wing under the
very gallant and accomplished Lieutenant-Colonel Johnston,
and the left under the brave Colonel Andrews himself,

^Mexican War Reports, I, 394.

A MEMOIR 23

assisted by the gallant j\Iajor Caldwell, having united,
cleared the woods, and pursued the enemy so hotly, that he
was not able to ignite his mines, drove him inside the
parapet itself, and occupied the broken ground around the
ditch of the fortification, all in the face of a most heavy
fire from the enemy's small arms and heavy guns. The
ladders arrived and several efforts were made by both
officers and men to scale the walls. But many of the gallant
spirits who first attempted it fell killed or wounded. Colonel
Andrews, whose regiment so distinguished itself and its
commander by this brilliant charge, as also Lieutenant-
Colonel Johnston and Major Caldwell, whose activity
enabled them to lead this assault, have greatly distinguished
themselves by their gallantry and daring. * * *

Gideon J. Pillow,

Major-General U. S. A."

Wilcox's History of the Mexican War calls
special attention to these officers of the voltigeur
regiment:

Colonel Timothy P. Andrews (Brevet Brigadier-General,
Chapultepec) ; Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph E. Johnston,
(Commander-in-Chief Confederate States Army) ; Captains :
James J. Archer (Brigadier-General C. S. A.) ; Charles J.
Biddle (Colonel U. S. V.)'; James A. Caldwell, (Major
U. S. A.) ; John Eager Howard (Grandson of the Revolu-
tionary General of that name) ; among the lieutenants,
William S. Walker (Brigadier-General C. S. A.)

Besides those already mentioned in the above
extracts, the following well known officers are

24 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

commended in the battle reports of the Mexican
War where they were unconsciously preparing
themselves for the great struggle in which they
were destined to take part:

John G. Barnard, Joseph R. F. Mansfield, Isaac
Stevens, Benjamin Huger, Josiah Gorgas, Jesse
L. Reno, Richard T. Ewell, W. W. Loring,
Ambrose P. Hill, Arnold Elzey, John F. Rey-
nolds, Francis J. Thomas, A. E. Burnside, Rob-
ert S. Garnett, Simon B. Buckner, W. S. Han-
cock.

After the war General T. P. Andrews was
returned to the pay department of the Army and,
gradually rising in rank, became in September,
1862, Paymaster-General of the United States
Army. He married Emily Roseville, third
daughter of Richard and Eliza (Warfield) Snow-
den. Richard Snowden, of Wales, the progen-
itor of the Snowdens of Maryland, is said to have
held a major's commission under Oliver Crom-
well. He came to America in 1639 and died in
1704. There is on file at Annapolis a deed for
ten thousand acres of land to "one Richd. Snow-
den, gentleman." His son, Richard Snowden,
Jr., married and was living as late as 1717-
Thomas, grandson of Richard Snowden, Jr., mar-

e:milv rose\'ille sxowden.

A MEMOIR 25

ried Ann Ridgely. Their oldest child was Rich-
ard, who married Eliza, daughter of Dr. Charles
Alexander Warfield, and they were the parents
of Emily Roseville (Snowden) Andrews. Dr.
Charles Alexander Warfield led the band of
patriots that burned the ship "Peggy Stewart,"
laden with tea at the wharf in Annapolis, on
October 19th, 1774.

Richard Snowden Andrews received his edu-
cation at private schools in Washington and in
Georgetown. His father made him serve for a
time as apprentice to a carpenter that he might
learn the use of tools; and the practical knowl-
edge he thus obtained of mechanical work was
of great value to him afterwards. He spent his
boyhood in Washington; among his companions
were Wadsworth Ramsey, his cousin, Nicholas
Snowden Hill, — afterwards Major Hill of the
Confederate Army, — and his cousins Charles
Snowden Fairfax and John Contee Fairfax who
lived near the Soldiers' Home at "Woodburn,"
the residence of their mother (Caroline Eliza
Snowden) who had married, secondly, Captain
W. R. Sanders.^

^Captain Sanders' mother, Elizabeth Rollins, was married
three times and had three sons, one by each husband — W. Rol-
lins Sanders, John Contee and Dennis Magruder, Jr. Second

26 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

In 1849 his father removed his family to Balti-
more, Maryland, and young Andrews, then in his
nineteenth year, entered the firm of Niernsee &
Nelson, architects, intending to make architect-
ure his profession. He completed his studies
which he had begun in Washington, and
remained with this firm until the outbreak of the
Civil War. Among the buildings which he
helped to design may be mentioned the Hospital
for the Insane, at Weston, West Virginia; the
governor's mansion at Annapolis, Maryland; the
South Wing of the Treasury Department at
Washington, D. C, the United States Custom
House at Baltimore, Maryland, the Eastern High
School, churches, and other buildings of lesser
note. He was a member of the Church and
taught a class in the Sunday School at Emman-
uel Church at the corner of Cathedral and Read
Streets.

Some time before the war he had a most
extraordinary premonition that war was inevi-

and even third marriages seem to have been the rule among the
landed gentry of Prince George's County, in Maryland, but the
relationships never interfered with the stern duties and pleasures
of life; for on one occasion John Contee and his half brother,
Dennis Magruder had a quarrel and determined to hght a duel,
and the third half brother. Captain Sanders, acted as second
for both principals.

A MEMOIR 27

table. His friends laughed at him; but this had
no effect. He deliberately and seriously set to
work to learn all he could about artillery and
practically prepared himself to serve as an offi-
cer in this branch.

Major A. R. H. Ranson of the Confederate
Army tells this anecdote: "When Snowden
Andrews went to Richmond with the drawings
he had stolen of the Napoleon guns, I happened
to sleep in the same room with him; in the morn-
ing he got up first and began unpacking his
trunk, when I noticed a pair of epaulettes in his
hand and said 'Snowden, I know what those
drawings are; they are the plans you stole; but
what are you going to do with the epaulettes?'
'Wear them,' said Snowden. Sure enough, when
I next saw him two years later he was a lieuten-
ant-colonel of artillery and was wearing the
epaulettes."

When the Civil War broke out he went imme-
diately to Richmond. Here, with characteristic
energy, he set to work to organize the First
Maryland Light Artillery, (which afterwards
became known as "Andrews' Battery,") and was
elected Captain. Captain Andrews designed his
own guns after a pattern used by Napoleon, and

28 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

these guns, cast by the Tredegar Iron Works of
Richmond, were the first cannon made for the
Southern Army. They were afterwards returned
to the armory, the battery having captured at
Frazier's farm a set of northern guns which he
found to be better weapons than his own. But
his own words best describe this period:

CHAPTER II.

Personal Reminiscences.

"On Sunday night preceding the 19th of April,
1861, being deeply impressed with the impending
crisis, unable to take my usual rest, at a late hour
I determined to seek out those whom I consid-
ered our natural leaders, to learn their views. It
was nearly midnight when I visited the residence
of the Hon. Henry May, then the leader of the
Democratic party of our State, recently elected
Member of Congress from this City. In answer
to my summons, his faithful old servant Tom
replied: 'Yes, sir. Mr. May is in his library.' On
my entrance he was startled, and asked: Ts any-
one ill? What is it, Snowden?' 'Pardon me, Mr.
May, I cannot sleep. A crisis is at hand, and our
leaders do not seem to appreciate the importance
of the situation. You are the acknowledged
leader of the Democratic party and the Hon.
J. V. L. McMahon of the Old Line Whigs. Get
together and map out a line of conduct for the
people of this State to follow.' 'I don't know
what you mean,' he replied; 'to what do you
refer?' T mean. Sir, if troops are moved through

29

30 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

the City of Baltimore to coerce a Southern State,
bloodshed will follow.' 'Why, Snowden, you are
too far North. You ought to be in South Caro-
lina.' 'Never mind me, or my whereabouts, Mr.
May; be assured I know the temper of our peo-
ple, and blood will certainly flow.' All my
appeals to him to act on my suggestion were as
the wind, and useless.

At a subsequent date, having been sent to
Richmond by Mr. Lincoln, as a Commissioner to
endeavor to harmonize matters, he acknowl-
edged to me with much grief that I had foreseen
these matters too truly, and that he had been
unable to realize the situation until it was too
late.

With sorrow I bade him good-night, and
sought early the following morning the advice
of Mr. James Barney, the leading merchant of
Baltimore. He agreed fully with my views, but
replied: "I am neither a military man nor an
orator to lead the people."

I then sought out Colonel George P. Kane,
and begged him to resign his position as Chief
of Police, and call upon the people to enlist for
the protection of the City. I could get nothing
definite from him, except that he was merely
a Marshal of Police, and under the orders of the

A MEMOIR 31

Police Commissioners. I soon found he was
unequal to the situation.

Days passed and events rolled on. Friday, the
19th of April came, and the Federal authorities
endeavored, as was predicted, to pass troops
through the City of Baltimore to coerce the
Southern States. The populace rose and attacked
these troops, some of whom, protected by the
Mayor of the City and Police, were enabled to
reach Washington. Others of these troops fled
and scattered, to recross the Susquehanna by the
various roads.

Meanwhile the City was wildly excited, and
men were enlisting in various military organiza-
tions to beat back the invaders. An immense
public meeting assembled in Monument Square,
and was addressed by the Mayor (Judge Brown),
by Mr. S. Teackle Wallis, and others, including
the Governor, T. H. Hicks, who used the follow-
ing language: 'T am a Marylander. I love my
State and I love the Union, but I will suffer my
right arm to be torn from my body before I will
raise it to coerce a sister State."

Dispatches were sent by Governor Hicks and
the Mayor to the President of the United States,
informing him that it was not possible for more

32 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

soldiers to pass throug-h Baltimore unless they
fought their way at every step. No immediate
reply came from Washington. Authorized by
the Governor, a detachment, under the after-
wards distinguished General Isaac R. Trimble,
went by special train for the purpose of burning
the bridges as far as the Bush River. The Long
Bridge there was burned. A volunteer party of
five gentlemen from Baltimore reached the same
place on the same errand. They had ridden on
horseback by night to the river, and then gone by
boat to the bridge for the purpose of burning it,
and in fact they stayed at the bridge and contin-
ued the work of burning it until the afternoon.
They were organized and commanded by my-
self.i^

As we returned from Abingdon towards Balti-
more we arrested about eighteen refugees, who
had fled from the citizens the previous day and
were making their way to the Susquehanna.
These prisoners vv^ere turned over to a company
of cavalry from Bel Air, who transferred them to
the jail. Before parting with them, however,
they were ranged around the walls of the sitting
room in the Public House, and sworn upon a

i^Charles Marshall, Edmund Law Rogers, Richard Capron
and John Ellicott were the others.

Brigadier-General ^KAI)LI■:^' TYLER JOIIXSUN,

Confederate States Army.

From pliotograiih Ijy \'anner & Jones, Ric'-imond.

A MEMOIR 33

huge Ainsworth's Latin Dictionary, in lieu of a
Bible, never again to invade the soil of Maryland.

Tricked by the Civil Authorities.

Upon reaching home from the Bush River
expedition, after dark on the evening of the 20th,
I found orders to report at the Armory of the
Maryland Guard, which I had joined immedi-
ately after the melee on Pratt Street. There vol-
unteers were called upon to step forward, and
the words were whispered around, "Fort Mc-
Henry!" Believing that the object was to cap-
ture the Fort, I, with others, volunteered at once
and we proceeded to march for that point. We
were halted and detained until daylight within a
quarter of a mile of the gates. We all believed
that the object of the expedition was to seize the
Fort, and not to protect it from the enraged cit-
izens, and I for one would have seen Captain
Robinson and his garrison, and the Civil author-
ities in Gehenna before I would have volunteered
to protect a United States Fort — especially one
whose Commandant had threatened to turn its
guns on Baltimore.

Unable to find leaders who thought as I did,
that the times required vigorous and prompt

34 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

measures to help our Southern brethren, with
whom we naturally were affiliated, I determined
to turn my best efforts to raising a battery of
artillery, equal in my judgment to a number of
regiments of infantry.

To this end, in a furious storm, I proceeded to
the Pikesville Arsenal (then in the possession of
the Garrison Forest Company, Captain Wilson
C. Nicholas), to obtain the Inspection Reports
of the light twelve-pounder Napoleon guns
recently inspected at Chicopee, Massachusetts,
and hastened to have models of these guns made
from my drawings at a prominent foundry in
Baltimore; and the cost of this was guaranteed
by two of our leading citizens.

Having obtained a sufficient number of men
for the purpose, I proceeded to Frederick, Mary-
land, where the Legislature had assembled on
the 26th of April, to obtain an appropriation for
the purchase of horses for the battery. Upon
application to the Baltimore delegation, I was
met by the objection that they did not wish to
have separate and detailed bills, but that from
the Public Safety Bill which had just been pre-
pared and which covered several millions of dol-
lars, a sufficient sum would be devoted to that

A MEMOIR 35

purpose. The attention of my companion (a
graduate of West Point) and myself was then
invited to the text of the PubUc Safety Bill about
to be presented to the Legislature, and we were
requested to express our views upon it. This
Bill provided that a Committee of Seven should
be appointed, to carry out the provisions of the
Bill, which were to appropriate $5,000,000 to arm
and equip the militia so as to provide for the
public defence, the Governor of the State being
one of the seven, lest he should refuse to sign the
bill; the majority to rule. My companion, being
diffident, declined to express his views. I then
was asked for my views on the bill. I replied as
follows: "Gentlemen, you are endeavoring to
make a legal revolution. I do not believe a legal
revolution to be possible. There never was or
will be a legal revolution. Before you had
finished reading the bill, I had made up my mind
as to my personal movements. I shall at once
proceed to Baltimore and break up my models,
take my drawings and go to Virginia, to fight
there for Maryland; and before many days this
Committee will be imprisoned in United States
Forts", which subsequently proved true.

36 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

Within two days I had reached Harper's Ferry,
then in control of Virginia troops, and thence
hastened to Richmond, where I received from
Governor Letcher, within thirty minutes, a Com-
mission as Major in a Virginia Regiment of Cav-
alry. I accepted this appointment, saying to him
that I would accept it temporarily whilst I would
endeavor to raise a battery of light artillery,
explaining to him my previous steps in that
direction. Putting into my hands some sheets
of foolscap, he said: ''Write down a full descrip-
tion of what you propose." I then, in his pres-
ence, wrote a full description of a light twelve-
pounder Napoleon Batter}^, consisting of six
guns. He endorsed on this paper an order to
Colonel Dimmock, Chief of Ordnance of the
State of Virginia, to prepare the Battery at the
Tredegar works at once. This was done without
delay.

In order to render efficient service to my State,
I saw clearly that an organization should be pre-
pared embracing all branches of service, which
would enable the Marylanders then flocking to
Virginia to enlist in such branch of the service,
infantry, cavalry or artillery, as they might
select, to be commanded by the senior Maryland

A MEMOIR 37

officers who should arrive. Commissions were
issued in accordance therewith. There were
already six companies of infantry at Harper's
Ferry, and several companies then being formed.
A commission was issued to Bradley T. Johnson
in Richmond, as Major of this battalion; Walter
Jenefer was commissioned as Colonel of Mary-
land Cavalry; Thomas S. Rhett to command the
Maryland Artillery as senior officer. Immedi-
ately upon the adoption of this programme by
Governor Letcher (who saw that this was the
method to form a prompt organization of the
Marylanders), I proceeded to Baltimore and
notified Rhett that his commission was at Har-
per's Ferry awaiting him, but he informed me
that he could not leave Baltimore for several
months.

By this time Baltimore was surrounded, and in
the possession of Federal troops, and the train
from Harper's Ferry by which I came was fired
upon near Ilchester by a body of scared Union
soldiers, who imagined that Johnston's army was
coming to attack them. A bullet whistled near
the head and just missed the face of Miss Dora
Hoffman, who when the officer in command came
into the train, lectured him for his cowardice in

38 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

firing into a train filled with women and children,
instead of going to Harper's Ferry where they
could meet men.

Having been hidden away in Baltimore for two
days while I accomplished the object of my visit,
it was necessary to return. Believing the boldest
method the best, with a friend who drove to my
house in the afternoon, as if to take a drive, I
proceeded to a public house just opposite the
United States Arsenal at Pikesville, then gar-
risoned by Federal troops, and in the middle of
the night was driven thence by another friend
across country where I boarded a train beyond
the limits of their scouts, thence to Harper's
Ferry, where I turned over some eighteen
recruits under Nicholas Snowden, who had
enlisted under me in Artillery, to Captain James
R. Herbert's^"^ company of infantry. Snowden
was elected a Lieutenant in his Company and

iijames R. Herbert, afterwards Lieutenant-Colonel, command-
ing the Second Maryland Infantry, whose career is too well
known to require more than an allusion. He led the Maryland
line at Gettysburg, where three hundred out of five hundred of
his men were killed or wounded and he was himself badly
wounded. Through his grandmother, Mary Snowden, he was
related to both Nicholas Snowden and Snowden Andrews.
Many others of the Snowden connection went from Maryland
into the Confederate Army: Charles Snowden Contee and Rich-
ard Contee; George and Gustavus Warfield Snowden; Arthur

A MEMOIR 39

was killed in a gallant charge in the battle (Cross
Keys), where Ashby fell, and in reference to
which General Order No. 30 was issued by Major
General Ewell, as follows:

"Headquarters, Third Division, June 12, 1862.
"General Order No. 30.

"In commemoration of the gallant conduct of the First
Maryland Regiment on the 6th June, when, led by Colonel
Bradley T. Johnson, they drove back with loss the 'Penn-
sylvania Bucktail Rifles' in the engagement near Harrison-
burg, Rockingham county, Virginia, authority is given to
have one of the captured 'bucktails' (the insignia of the
Federal regiment) appended to the color staff of the First
Maryland Regiment. By order of

Major General Ewell.
"James Barbour, A. A. G."

I then proceeded to Richmond where a recruit-
ing office was immediately opened, and tempo-
rary authority was vested in Charles Snowden
Contee to open a branch office at Fredericksburg.
Meanwhile the completion of the guns and their

Monteith Snowden; Walter Bowie, a famous scout, and his
brother Henry Brune Bowie; Richard Nichols Snowden, John
Hudson Snowden and Charles Alexander Snowden; Nicholas
Snowden Hill, — already mentioned, — and his brothers, Augustin
Hill and Eugene Francis Hill; Theodore Jenkins, killed at Cedar
Run, and his brother, Louis William Jenkins, both in Andrews'
Battalion. Nicholas Snowden died in James R. Herbert's arms
and is buried in Loudon Park Cemetery.

40 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

equipment was being pressed forward at the
Tredegar Works under my superintendence.

Through an unfortunate lack of judgment the
majority of the Marylanders were mustered
directly into the Confederate service, and there-
fore had no State to call upon for the necessary
equipment. Mrs. Bradley T. Johnson volun-
teered to go to North Carolina and endeavor to
secure arms and ammunition for the Maryland-
ers. She personally applied to Governor Ellis
and the Council of that State, outlining the con-
ditions of the men for whom she made the appli-
cation. The governor and council at once ordered
five hundred Mississippi rifles, ten thousand car-
tridges and the necessary equipment turned over
to her. In order to insure the safe transport of
these supplies to Harper's Ferry, Mrs. Johnson
accompanied them in person, and arrived at Har-
per's Ferry seated upon one of the boxes contain-
ing the rifles, where she was called upon by Col-
onel Jackson, afterwards known to the world as
'Stonewall Jackson,' and thanked for her serv-
ices. The following receipt was drawn by the
Chief of Ordnance and given to Mrs. Johnson:

"Received, Ordnance Department, Harper's Ferry, Vir-
ginia, June 3rd, 1861, of Mrs. B. T. Johnson, five hundred

Lieutenant-Colonel JAMF.S R. HERBERT.

Confederate States Army. Commanding 2nd jNIaryland Infantry.

From c photograpli by Pollock, Baltimore, 1866.

A MEMOIR 41

Mississippi rifles, (cal. 54) ten thousand cartridges, and
thirty-five hundred caps.

G. M. Cochran,

Chief of Ordnance."

Two of the guns for my battery had been com-
pleted when the Washington Artillery, from
New Orleans, arrived in Richmond, completely
equipped with the exception of two guns. I was
earnestly entreated to turn over to them two of
the pieces intended for my battery. Realizing
that it was for the good of the service I granted
their request, and this delay occasioned the
absence of my battery from the battle of Manas-
sas.

During the month of June one hundred and
forty-four Maryland men, for the purpose of
completing the organization, assembled in Rich-
mond, and the following were elected as officers
of the First Maryland Light Artillery:

R. Snowden Andrews, Captain ; William F. Dement, First
Lieutenant ; Charles S. Contee, Second Lieutenant ; Frederick
Dabney, Third Lieutenant.

And thus was formed a Battery, the history of
whose distinguished services from that time until
the surrender at Appomattox, may with propri-

42 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

ety be termed the history of the Army of North-
ern Virginia.

Following the programme adopted by Gover-
nor Letcher, in order that the State of Virginia
might legally turn over to the First Maryland
Light Artillery the battery of six guns, fully
equipped, we were mustered into the services of
the State of Virginia on one day, and on the fol-
lowing day formally transferred to the Confed-
erate Service.

We were promptly forwarded from Richmond
to take part in the blockade of the Potomac,
where batteries had been erected at Ouantico
Creek (at which point the First Maryland Light
Artillery was stationed), and also at Cockpit and
Shipping Points, effectually preventing supplies
from reaching the Federal Army. The impor-
tance of these batteries was soon recognized by
the Federal authorities and numerous plans were
suggested for their destruction. Brigadier Gen-
eral J. G. Barnard, of the United States Engineer
Corps, was ordered to make a reconnoissance,
and upon his report that an attempt to destroy
them would be impracticable, no further efforts
were made in that direction.

We remained at Quantico Creek during the
inclement Winter of 1861 and 1862, forming the

A MEMOIR 43

extreme right flank of Johnston's army. Among-
other notable incidents during that period was
the capture of the schooner "Mary Washington,"
laden with hundreds of bales of hay, which
formed quite a delicacy for my horses in lieu of
McClellan's and several thousand barrels of
cement, invaluable in the erection of our fortifi-
cations. One discharge of a twelve-pounder,
aimed by myself, cut through her mast. The tug
towing the schooner immediately made her
escape, and the "Mary Washington" was brought
into Ouantico Creek, where we unloaded her at
our leisure.

Christmas Dinner Secured With Artillery.

Upon application I was allowed by the officer
commanding the brigade to use a certain number
of rounds of the various classes of ammunition
for the instruction of my men. To show the ter-
rible effect of canister, a round was fired into a
flock of canvas-back ducks, and, although it was
mid-winter and the Potomac was full of floating-
ice, the men eagerly doffed their uniforms, swam
out and brought in a number of ducks as the
result of the shot. Thus was secured a Christ-
mas dinner, and I believe it to be one of the

44 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

extremely few incidents on record of ducking-
with a twelve-pounder."

Here General Andrews' narrative comes to an
abrupt end; in order to follow his subsequent
career in the army it is necessary to search in
the histories for accounts of the battles in which
his command was engaged and to gather the
facts from allusions in letters and documents,
and from the statements of the very few sur-
vivors of those stirring times who were with him.
One of the members of his battery, Mr. James
AVilliam Owens, of Annapolis, has very kindly
contributed the following statement:

Annapolis, June i5th,-^^ 1910.

I was not a member of the Battery until the
Fall of 1862, but I have very thorough familiarity
with its career. The Battery was organized on
the 13th of July, 1861, at Brook Station on the
Richmond and Fredericksburg Railroad. During
the first winter of the war it did picket duty at
Evansport on the Potomac River and was a great
source of annoyance to the Federal transports
and gun boats going up that river. It then

i^It is a singular coincidence that this was written on the
anniversary of the heroic defence of the bridge at Stevenson's
Depot where Mr. Owens was wounded.

A MEMOIR 45

moved in the spring of 1862 to Yorktown and
was in the Peninsula Campaign, fought at West
Point, Yorktown and Seven Pines and the seven
days' fighting. The First JNIaryland Battery
fired the signal gun at Mechanicsville when Col-
onel Andrews vv^as then Captain. It fought
through the battles of Mechanicsville, Gaines
Mills, Frazier's Farm and Malvern Hill. Follow-
ing that, Pope's campaign began, and on the 9th
of August, 1862, Colonel Andrews, then a major,
was in the fight at Cedar Mountain, where he
received the severe wound, from which his recov-
ery w^as a triumph of mind over matter.

His abdomen was torn open by a piece of shell
and his entrails were lying out. The wagon
trains and guns were going by and the dust was
flying all over him, and Dr. Fred Hunter, who
was the company surgeon, went to him and
told him, that there was no hope for him. He
said, 'Tlunter, is there no chance at all?" Hunter
replied, "Yes, Major, one in a hundred," and he
replied, "then I will take the one chance. Have
me carried to the hospital at once and take up the
matter of treatment for this wound." Though
sufTering intensely, he never lost his nerve, and,
wonderful to relate, came out from hospital and
was promoted to a lieutenant-colonelcy. He

46 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

reported for duty in the spring of 1863, was in
command of the battery with Latimer as major;
this was at the time of the Chancellorsville fight.
General Hooker had left opposite Fredericks-
burg Sedgwick's corps and on the morning of
the 3rd of May Sedgwick crossed the river at the
same point that Burnside crossed on December
13th, 1862, which was the first battle of Fred-
ericksburg. Sedgwick had a full corps and to
resist him was Early's division, and Barksdale's
Mississippi brigade. The advance was made all
along the line, and our battery was occupying a
position on our right. We held them in check in
our front, but Sedgwick massed his troops on
our left and carried Marye's Heights, capturing
a large number of Barksdale's men and a battery
of the Washington Artillery, of Louisiana. Our
lines were then changed to a left oblique, and our
left wing got between Sedgwick and General
Lee's right at Chancellorsville, holding Sedgwick
in check. In the afternoon of that day we were
resting when a Federal wagon train started in
our direction. We were ordered into position,
opened on the train, drove them back, captured
a number of prisoners and some wagons and sup-
plies. Among the brigades in Early's division
was one commanded by General John B. Gordon

A MEMOIR 47

of Georgia. Gordon, when we were marching
to take position made an address to his troops.
As we were marching to take position on Lee's
Hill, Major Latimer then immediately came up
to where we were and said, "Men of the First
Maryland Battery, General Gordon has just
made an address to his brigade, urging them to
greater deeds of daring, and if I thought it neces-
sary I would make an address to you." We took
position on Lee's Hill, and after Sedgwick had
been driven across the river we then went to
Marye's Heights and remained imtil Hooker and
Sedgwick had both been driven across the river,
and encamped until the 5th of June when we
started on the march for Gettysburg. On the
13th of June to the southwest of Winchester we
struck the advance of Milroy's troops and
remained ready for action until the night of the
14th when we made a detour, taking us all night
to make it, and came around by Jordan's Springs
to Stevenson's depot and were attacked before
daylight by Milroy's troops, trying to cut their
way out. Colonel Andrews immediately ordered
us forward and on the side of the road at the rail-
road cut there was a heavy stake and rider fence.
We couldn't spare the time to take it down, but
the company, as a body, placed themselves

48 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

against it and forced it down, so that we could
take position.

Our number one gun was placed on the bridge
leading over the railroad cut, and number two
to the left, while numbers three and four were to
the right in echelon. We were charged three
times to within sixty yards of our guns. We
used up every round of canister vv^hich we had,
and then for eirective service at close range we
cut the fuses of our "case shot" to make it
explode at a quarter of a second. We held Mil-
roy in check until General Walker, coming up
with the Stonewall Brigade, went in on Milroy's
flank, when we captured them, and as I remem-
ber, we got about 3,000 prisoners, 27 pieces of
artillery, a large number of wagons, horses and
army stores.

Colonel Andrews was on his horse going from
gun to gun, and was shot in the arm. I was
wounded at the same time, and the casualties to
the first and second gun detachment were four
killed and ten wounded and ly horses out of 24
killed. Colonel Andrews then went to the house
of Mr. John Easter, who was a brother of Ham-
ilton Easter of Baltimore, and remained there
until about the 4th or 5th of July, and then not

JAMES A\ILLIAM OWENS,

Anduews' Battalion.
From photograph, 191 o.

A MEMOIR 49

entirely recovered from his wound, (nor I from
mine) joined the Battery near Hagerstown.

At Williamsport, Colonel Andrews and myself
met Major Latimer who had lost his arm at
Gettysburg. Colonel Andrews immediately took
command. The battalion then being, owing to
the wound of Major Latimer and the killing of
Captain Brown of the Fourth Maryland or Ches-
apeake Battery at Gettysburg, under the com-
mand of Captain Dement of the First Maryland
Battery. Colonel Andrews took entire command
of the battalion, and we retreated near Orange
Court House, Virginia.

On the 27th of November, 1863, Warren's
Corps crossed the Rappahannock River at Rac-
coon Ford and offered battle. On the line of
march that morning. Colonel Andrews said to
General James A. Walker commanding the
Stonewall brigade, "General, I have given you a
battery to-day; take good care of it." General
Walker asked, "What battery. Colonel?" His
reply was, "My old company." Walker then said,
"I had rather support a section of that battery
than any full battery in the Army of Northern
Virginia." We got into the fight that evening,
and had only one man killed and two wounded.
The Stonewall Brigade used up all their ammuni-

50 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

tion, and, as men will do under such circum-
stances, began to go to the rear. General Walker
rode up and down the lines and said, "Men, for
God's sake keep in line until we can get reinforce-
ments. The First Maryland Battery is out in
front and I promised Colonel Andrews to take
care of it." The men remained in line, and Doles'
Alabama Brigade came in and held the line until
we withdrew our guns. We then were ordered
to winter cj[uarters at Frederick Hall, Louisa
County, Virginia, when Colonel Andrews was
detailed for special service and sent to England.
I do not think he performed any other military
service during the war, but the service that he
rendered was most distinguished."

Scharf, the historian, was a member of
Andrews' Battery; and this fact makes it pardon-
able and appropriate to borrow from his pages
an account of some of the events he has so well
described.

"While these events were occurring at Harper's Ferry,
other Maryland commands were being organized at Rich-
mond. There it was considered advisable to attempt the
formation of three regiments of Marylanders in the Virginia
service, and Francis J. Thomas, formerly of the United
States Army, was commissioned by Governor Letcher
Colonel of one, Bradley T. Johnson Lieutenant-Colonel of

A MEMOIR 51

another, and Alden Weston Major of the third. Captain
Johnson decHned the Commission tendered him, refusing to
enter the miHtary service of Virginia, on the ground that
Maryland must be represented by Maryland regiments and
to accept service under Virginia would be to sacrifice the
right of his State to the services of her own sons. * * *
He therefore procured the eight companies at Harper's
Ferry to be mustered into the Confederate service, as we
have seen. Under this arrangement, however, four com-
panies were mustered into the Virginia service at Richmond,
those of Captain J. Lyle Clark, Captain E. R. Dorsey,
Captain William H. Murray and Captain M. S. Robinson.
Captain Clark elected to unite his company with the 21st
Virginia, the other three companies were united with the
battalion at Harper's Ferry; the companies of which were
reorganized, and the First Maryland Regiment formed with
Arnold Elzey, late Captain of Artillery, United States Army,
Colonel; George H. Steuart, late Captain of Cavalry, United
States Army, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Bradley T. Johnson,
Major.

"Soon after Captain R. Snowden Andrews formed his
battery, known during the ensuing four years as the First
Maryland Artillery. The Baltimore Light Artillery, Captain
Brockenbrough, was mustered into service. The Third
Maryland Artillery, Captain Brown, and the Fourth Mary-
land Artillery, Captain Latrobe, were subsequently formed,
and served with credit to themselves and their State. About
this time Captain George R. Gaither, of Howard County,
mustered his troop into the First Virginia Cavalry — Colonel
J. E. B. Stuart — as Company K of that distinguished Corps.
Later in the war, the Second Maryland Regiment of

52 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

Infantry was organized under Lieutenant Colonel James R.
Herbert and Major W. W. Goldsborough. The First
Maryland Cavalry was not organized till 1862-3, i-inder
Lieutenant Colonel Ridgely Browne, Major Robert Carter
Smith and Adjutant George W. Booth. "i^ * * *

"On the same afternoon (June the 26th, 1862) the
division of General A. P. Hill, with the First Maryland
Artillery, Captain R. Snowden Andrews, crossed the
Chickahominy at Meadow Bridge and advanced into
Mechanicsville. * * * Day after day with unabated
impetuosity and untiring perseverance, until the night of
the ist of July, attacks were made upon McClellan's Army,
which fell back to Harrison's Landing on the James River,
giving battle each day, checking the rapidity of Lee's
pertinacious advance by the most gallant resistance. In all
these engagements the First Maryland Regiment of
infantry, the First Maryland Artillery and the Baltimore
light-artillery bore a most conspicuous and gallant part.

"At the battle of Cold Harbor, General Elzey and Briga-
dier General James J. Archer were dangerously wounded,
and at the battle of Mechanicsville, Captain R. S. Andrews
slightly. During the battles around Richmond the First
Maryland Artillery was attached to the Sixth Brigade,
General W. D. Pender, in Major-General A. P. Hill's
division. In his official report General Pender, alluding to
the battle of Gaines' Mill, says : 'The Section of Andrews'
battery (Maryland) was under Lieutenant Dement, who
also did fine service. Captain Andrews, as usual, was
present, chafing for a fight.' "^^

^"History of Maryland III, 447, 448.

A MEMOIR 53

"In the meantime, Captain R. Snowden Andrews was
promoted to the rank of major, for gallant and meritorious
conduct displayed in the battles before Richmond, and was
placed in command of a battalion of artillery, to which was
attached his old company, the First Maryland, and the
Chesapeake Artillery, Captain William D. Brown. "!■*

At the battle of Cedar Run (or Slaughter's
Mountain), which he considered the most suc-
cessful of his exploits, on August 9th, 1862, Gen-
eral Jackson defeated General Pope but not with-
out suffering severe loss. Pope had thirty-two
thousand men, Jackson less than twenty thou-
sand. Jackson's own report of the battle to Gen-
eral Lee is as follows:

"August nth, 6.30 A. M. On the evening of the 9th
God blessed our arms with another victory. The battle was
near Cedar Run, about six miles from Culpeper Court
House. The enemy, according to statements of prisoners,
consisted of Banks', McDowell's and Siegel's commands.
We have over four hundred prisoners, including Brigadier-
General Price. Whilst our list of killed is less than that of
the enemy, we have to mourn the loss of some of our best
officers and men. Brigadier General Charles S. Winder
was mortally wounded whilst ably discharging his duty at
the head of his command, which was the advance of the

"Scharf, III, 479.

54 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

left wing of the army. We have collected about fifteen
hundred small arms and other ordnance stores."

In his official report in speaking of General
Winder's death Jackson says:

"It is difficult within the proper reserve of an official
report to do justice to the merits of this accomplished
officer. Urged by his medical director to take no part in
the movements of the day, because of the enfeebled state
of his health, his ardent patriotism and military pride could
bear no such restraint. Richly endowed with those qualities
of mind and person which fit an officer for command, and
which attract the admiration and excite the enthusiasm of
troops, he was rapidly rising to the front rank of his
profession. His loss has been severely felt."

General Winder died in Major Andrews' arms.

At one time the Confederates were so hard
pressed by superior numbers of the enemy that
it looked as if they must be crushed. General
Jackson drew his sword, for the first time in the
war, rallied the men himself and the enemy were
defeated.

Major Andrews advanced his guns in the face
of a charging column of infantry and drove it
from the field. Here, however, soon after Gen-
eral Winder was struck, he, too, received what
was probably the worst wound any man ever
survived. A piece of shell struck the lower part

A MEMOIR 55

of his right side, tearing apart the wall of the
abdomen. With wonderful presence of mind he
pressed his hand over the wound and threw his
other arm around his horse's neck so that he
could fall to the ground on his back to keep from
being disembowelled. He lay on the dusty road-
side for two or three hours when General A. P.
Hill sent an ambulance and took him to a farm
house.

While he was at the farm house he was cap-
tured by the enemy; for Jackson's army had
fallen back two days after the battle.

His wife went immediately from Baltimore to
see him; her own account of her visit is as fol-
lows :

CHAPTER III

Recollections of the Summer of 1862.

After the commotion and agitation of April
19th, 1861, my husband decided that there was
but one thing for him to do. His heart was with
the South, and the principle of States Rights was
very dear to him. That there must be a conflict,
he saw at once, and that he must take one side
or the other. A few days, therefore, after the
19th of April, he left for the South, vaguely sur-
mising what was ahead of him. Four or five
weeks afterwards he came back for a few days.
I heard him tapping at the door in the middle
of the night, and I was surprised and delighted
to find that I was not mistaken and that it was
he. He came back for drawings of the guns
from which designs he later had his own artillery
cast at the Tredegar Works, Richmond. He was
full of hope and expectation of the affair being
a very short one, and quoted the old adage that
*'No news was good news," and said that if I
heard nothing from him, nothing serious could
have happened to him.

66

«^

MARY LRK AXDRKWS.
1910

A MEMOIR 57

I had news from him occasionally by private
means, although every effort had been made by
the authorities at Washington to stop all com-
munication between the North and the South.
I had such news or letters by "underground rail-
way," as it was called. Maryland was bound and
in the grasp of the government at Washington,
and although numbers of her sons had gone to
the South to assist in the struggle there were
many who were forced by circumstances to
remain at home; yet their hearts were in deep
sympathy with the Southern cause. Daring men
went to and fro in the most mysterious manner
carrying letters and parcels and bringing news
as occasion offered.

I stayed on in my little house in Hamilton
Street and during the summer took the three
children to Collins' Beach, Delaware. My fourth
child was born in January, 1862, when I had
returned to Baltimore, and shortly afterwards I
received a draft for a hundred pounds. This
meant a great deal to me, as money was very
scarce in those days. Snowden had written a
book on artillery which was published in Charles-
ton, and on receiving a cheque from the pub-
lishers, had sent it at once to me.

58 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

When the summer of 1862 came, it so hap-
pened that my husband's mother was an invaUd,
and her daughter who was her devoted attendant
needed change and relaxation, and I took my
baby and went to her home on Mount Vernon
Place, leaving the three children with the other
nurse, but visiting them each day to take break-
fast and see that they were properly taken care
of.

It was one morning at the breakfast table,
while reading the newspaper for war news, that
I fell upon the account of the battle of Cedar
Run and among those fatally wounded I found
my husband's name. Of course I was very much
shocked and dazed but made no outcry. My
little children were about me at the table, cheer-
fully eating their breakfast — I could not perturb
their minds with my trouble nor must I com-
municate to them my anxieties — I had little faith
in the newspapers, which always declared every
engagement a victory for the Union troops and
defeat for the South, and on reflection I found
myself doubting the truth of the account, espe-
cially as my husband's death had already been
once falsely reported in an engagement off Cape
Hatteras. The more I thought of it the less I
believed the statement in the morning's paper.

A MEMOIR 59

I knew no male friends to whom I could immedi-
ately refer and when I went back to Mount Ver-
non Place I did not venture to speak of it at once
to his mother, hoping to spare her. She had an
interview, however, with her physician a little
later and he broke the news to her and she came
immediately to me. I soothed and comforted her
as much as I could, but she was very much
agitated and we determined to send for someone
who would know positively about it. It was not
until evening that Mr. Lloyd Rogers came to see
us and confirmed the account of the battle at
Cedar Run. He had heard by private news that
my husband was mortally wounded. Although
this appeared to be the bald truth, it also seemed
to be unbelievable, but when all hope seems fled
what will not prayer do to restore it and kindle
a fresh faith that all may yet come right? At
this time it was my only consolation. We had
to live under this terrible misapprehension until
next morning, when a telegram was sent to Mrs.
Andrews from Colonel Lewis Marshall, — one of
General Pope's aides, who, although a Union sol-
dier, was a friend of my husband's and proved
most kind in these distressing circumstances, —
to say that Mrs. Andrews would be permitted
to go to her son. The telegram ended with

6o RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

"Last accounts favourable" — which revived our
courage. But she v^as quite unable to leave
home. The cook, old Allie, who was devoted to
my husband, came up into Mrs. Andrews' room,
and with the other servants we gathered round
the nurse and baby, who came in at that moment,
old Allie imploring to be permitted to go to "Mr.
Snowden." After a short consultation I decided
to go myself, and then asked my nurse, who was
a free woman, whether she would go with the
baby and me. She replied that she was quite
willing and in a few minutes I was ready to go
to my own home to make rapid preparations to
be off at once. I had a faithful nurse for the
children I was about to leave. I stopped on my
way home at my green-grocer's to ask if he could
get me a carriage to take me to the first train to
Washington. I sent for a neighbour. Miss Ann
Cole, who was our devoted friend, explained the
situation to her, and she entered heart and soul
into my plan, promised to look after the children
and helped me to pack a trunk. The baby was
at this time seven months old, but I could not
leave her behind.

I could see my way but a step at a time and
decided to go to Washington to an uncle of my
husband's, Colonel Christopher Andrews, and

A MEMOIR 6i

take my bearings from what I should hear there.
When I arrived at his house I found them wait-
ing for further news, having heard the same
report that had reached me. He and his wife
received us with open arms, and I was informed
that Dr. Fairfax, my husband's first cousin, had
just left the house, having come in from the coun-
try to inquire for news. It was thought that he
might be overtaken and a messenger was at once
dispatched to bring him back to us. The quest
was successful and he was soon with us. We
found that a passport was necessary, and that, as
troops were being forwarded the next morning
to the very point where the late engagement had
taken place, it would be possible for me to go
down in the same train with this army reinforce-
ment. Cousin John Fairfax, who was devoted to
Snowden, offered to go with me, which was a
great support and simplified the whole matter.
His carriage was at the door and he took me to
the house where the passport could be obtained
and where men were filing in and out on the same
errand. After waiting for a long while in the
street before the house, the moment came when
we also could climb the stairs, and on arriving
before Major Roger Jones, who was in charge,

62 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

we found him to be an old schoolmate of my hus-
band's. He received us kindly and gave a pass-
port for the whole party. This was quite unusual^
as great strictness prevailed and all civilians were
refused these facilities. Having the passport we
then proceeded to Mr. George Riggs' house
where Cousin John asked for and received some
fine old brandy. He was trying to think of all
that might be needed as the Confederates were
cut off from medical and hospital supplies. Wc
drove then and there to see Dr. Miller, a phy-
sician of much reputation at that period, to ask
vs^hat would be desirable to take with us. He
and his family were at dinner and insisted upon
our first sitting down and sharing it with them.
We both needed this; in fact I was almost
exhausted. From there we went to make neces-
sary purchases from the druggist before return-
ing to get a little rest at Colonel Christopher
Andrews'.

The next morning at about six o'clock we left
for Alexandria. When we reached there the
train was not made up, and we had to wait
nearby, sitting on some lumber, as the place was
full of soldiers belonging to General Sigel's corps
which was going to the front. We got off at

A MEMOIR 63

last in a very rough train, with boards for seats.
In that we travelled all day long amid rather a
boisterous group of rough soldiers who were
talking and eating and joking together, until
about six in the evening when we arrived at Cul-
peper Court House. The baby had continued
very good throughout the journey and her nurse
was attentive and invaluable. When we reached
the station the soldiers of course poured out from
the train, and Cousin John found for us a quiet
upper room above the general waiting room
where some kind women brought me some
refreshment. It was nearing twilight when
Cousin John came to me to say that an ambu-
lance had come and the surgeon in charge, who
was there for some medical supplies, had been
instructed to make inquiries for "Mrs. Andrews,
as she was expected." This was through the
courtesy of Colonel Lewis Marshall. We soon
started in the ambulance for the farm house
where my husband lay wounded. Night came on
and we proceeded on our way over rough coun-
try roads and parts of the battle-field. From the
close covered ambulance there was little to be
seen save occasional lights in the Union camps.
We were within the Northern lines, as General

64 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

Stonewall Jackson had fallen back after striking
a severe blow at the battle of Cedar Run.

Presently the driver seemed to lose his way
in the dark, and the baby began to cry, which in
the end proved fortunate, as we were challenged
at once by a sentry who put us on the right road.

The farm was ten miles away and the slow
moving ambulance did not reach it until nearly
midnight. By this time the August moon was
brilliant in the sky. As we reached our destina-
tion someone came out to meet us to tell us to
come round to the back of the house and enjoined
great quiet so as "not to disturb Major Andrews
as he was sleeping." We were told that he had
had no fever, and that the surgeons were much
encouraged. All about the front of the house
were tents occupied by part of General Milroy's
command. Indeed he was there himself declar-
ing that he "would not let that arch-rebel out
of sight."

We snatched a few hours' rest and early the
next morning my husband was told that his
cousin, Dr. Fairfax, was there, and he was soon
allowed to see him. He was very cheerful and
after greeting Cousin John said, "Either my
mother or my wife must be with you." I saw him
a few hours later. He was lying quite flat on a

Dr. JOHN COXTEE FAIRFAX.

Fi-om a daguerrotype taken about 1855.

A MEMOIR 65

bed, covered with a sheet, with a bucket of water
beside him from which a cloth was wrung out
every hour and applied to the wound; and this
was the only treatment he had! No carpet was
on the floor and through the uncurtained win-
dows, which were wide open, could be seen Gen-
eral Milroy's tents.

When General Jackson fell back, he had left
the surgeon of the Maryland battery, Dr. Fred
Hunter, and an orderly to take care of Snowden,
and from them we heard an account of all that
had happened and the dreadful wound. We
learned that while galloping along the road
towards his guns, for at the time of the battle
he w^as chief of artillery to General Winder and
had several batteries under his command, a shell
struck him on the right side. He slid from his
horse, knowing at once how severely he was
wounded, and dragged himself out of the way
to the side of the road to await assistance. Gen-
eral A. P. Hill, who was bringing up troops on
the other side of the fence under cover of the
woods, stopped for a moment to find out who it
was, and promised to send an ambulance and
surgeon at the first possible moment. Many peo-
ple were hurrying by, and as time passed my hus-
band asked one and another of them to send a

66 RICHARD S NOV/ DEN ANDREWS

surgeon, but it was not until after a long period
of waiting that a surgeon came riding by with
his attendants and stopped to examine the
wound. He told my husband frankly that there
was no hope, for the shell had torn deep through
the abdomen even to the intestines. Part of the
chest was burnt and the wound was nine or ten
inches long. As he was riding away my husband
called to him to say that once while fox-hunting
he had seen a valuable dog almost disembowelled
in getting over a fence, that he had taken him
home and cared for him, and the dog had lived
to hunt again. This touched the heart of the sur-
geon and it was not long after this that an ambu-
lance was sent. My husband requested that
instead of taking him to the usual place, he might
be taken to the farmhouse where he had spent
the previous night sleeping on the porch beside
General Jackson. In the ambulance was a chap-
lain who held my husband's head on his knees
and repeated hymns aloud, during the very pain-
ful and tedious ride to the house which was two
miles away. Arrived at the farmhouse they laid
him on the floor and as no army surgeon was at
hand they went out and stopped a country doc-
tor, Dr. Amos, who was passing. On looking at
the wound. Dr. Amos said there was nothing to

A MEMOIR 67

be done and there was no chance for life. Snow-
den said "Isn't there a chance in ten, or twenty
or even a hundred?" "Well," replied Dr. Amos,
''since you are so plucky, I'll do the best I can
for you," thinking to himself that he would at
any rate make the body more sightly. He then
washed out grit and bits of cloth from the wound
and proceeded to sew it up, using the only needle
he had, which was a rusty one, and having no
anaesthetic or disinfectants. Then he was placed
on the bed and, as I have said before, there was
no further treatment possible, except applica-
tions of cold water. On account of the apparent
hopelessness of his condition it was decided that
my husband should be left at the farmhouse and
no attempt made to carry him back with General
Jackson's troops which were retiring, leaving the
ground free for the advance of the Union forces
which occurred soon after. My husband was
made prisoner and at once placed on parole.

To get back to my arrival at his side, he was
much cheered by our presence, and saw for the
first time the baby, born during his absence. A
day or two later there was a stir in the camp out-
side and they appeared to be striking the tents,
and we soon found out that General Pope's com-
mand was falling back toward Washington and

68 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

that we should be left in Southern lines. Cousin
John hastened to avail himself of the opportunity
to return to his home, and, being a physician and
non-combatant, was able to join the army sur-
geons and found his way back to Washington.
Throughout he had been a great support, always
kind and helpful, with his intelligent judgment
and constant care for us.

The surgeon in charge of my husband said that
I must not think of leaving to return to my fam-
ily in Baltimore, that the support of my presence
was an effective aid to his improvement.

The three children whom I had left at home
weighed rather heavily on my mind, as this was
an indefinite absence, and we had no means of
communication with them.

The time passed quietly enough. Mr. James
Garnett, to whom the farm belonged, and his
wife and a widowed daughter-in-law composed
the family with whom we were staying, his only
son being in the Southern army. They were
most kind in every way. The baby was a source
of pleasure and interest to everyone in the house-
hold, never in the way, and was really benefited
by the mountain air. The cattle and sheep which
had been driven away on the approach of the
Northern troops and hidden in the recess of the

ARTILI.KkV TACKKT IX WHICH MAJOR ANDREWS
WAS WOL'XDKl) AT CEDAR RUN.

The right side torn by tlie shell, the left cut by the svirgeon.

A MEMOIR 69

hills, were brought back, and there was plenty
of food and the strengthening broths were a
great help to the restoration of my husband
whose wound was daily healing. From time to
time a scout passed giving us news, or a trooper
carrying dispatches would stop for a few hours,
but no letters came to tell of my children.

During this time, the second battle at Bull Run
took place and we could hear the guns of the
artillery, though so many miles away.

It was in the course of four or five weeks that
the great chasm in his side was sufficiently healed
for him to sit up, and in six weeks he was dressed
and on the porch, and able to move about slowly
on crutches.

At this time he was drawn down on one side;
and he was unable to stand erect for a year and
more. His indomitable courage and his forti-
tude and cheerfulness were unfailing throughout,
strengthening all those about him with the hope
of his ultimate recovery.^^

i^At the Westmoreland Club in Richmond after the war
Colonel Andrews met one of the surgeons who had given him
up. The doctor would not believe he was the same man and
bet him a bottle of wine that he was not. Proofs were soon
produced and the doctor very gladly paid the bet.

70 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

Not long after this our little party of six —
Snowden, his surgeon and orderly, myself, baby
and nurse — took the train at Rapidan Station for
Richmond. We stopped at a Mrs. Tyler's board-
ing house, and the next day various friends came
in to see us, and from them he learned that he
had already been exchanged and was no longer
under parole. We also heard that a Flag of
Truce boat, the last that might be expected to
come up the James River within reach of Rich-
mond, would be due the next day, and as my hus-
band was already looking forward to returning
to his command, it was necessary to find means
for my return to Baltimore. His cousin, Lieu-
tenant Contee, offered to take me to the boat, so
a carriage was provided and the next day we set
out on our journey of ten miles to City Point.
We arrived at a country house near the river
where quite a number were waiting for the boat;
the mistress of the house came out and said that
she had no more room, that her house was full
and her food supplies were short. There was no
turning back, and I begged to be allowed to come
in and wait on whatever terms she made, if it
were only to have a resting place for myself and
baby. By dint of great persuasion she consented.

A MEMOIR 71

I found the house indeed full of people, all
uncomfortable and crowded and hungry, wait-
ing anxiously until they could go forward.
When night came a pallet on the floor was pro-
vided for me, but Mrs. Bradford, who was the
wife of the Union Governor of Maryland at that
time, and was visiting a wounded son who had
taken part with the South, insisted that I should
take her bed, because of my baby; which was
wonderful kindness on her part, as usually there
was a very inimical feeling prevailing between
those for the North and those for the South. The
next morning the Flag of Truce boat being
declared ready, we wended our way to the James
River by the foot-path and at last were on board.
We spent a very uncomfortable day and night on
the boat and reached Baltimore at sunrise and I
was struck by the beauty of the harbour in the
early morning hours, as we slowly approached
the wharf.

On landing I drove at once to my little home
on Hamilton Street where, to my great conster-
nation, I found the house closed and deserted,
but soon learned from a neighbour that the three
little ones I had left behind were well and had
been taken to their grandmother's house on
Mount Vernon Place.

72 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

Thither I hastened and they were soon in my
arms.

Written for my children and grandchildren
forty-eight years later.

Mary Lee Andrews.

London, 1910.

Major R. SXOWDEN ANDREWS.

Confederate States Artillery.
From a photograph, 1862.

CHAPTER IV.

Cedar Run — Second Battle of Fredericksburg.

At the Battle of Cedar Run Major Andrews
commanded the artillery of General Winder,
who, though only a brigadier-general, was in
command of a division (Jackson's old division) ;
and it is said that the papers giving him his pro-
motion were on the way to him when he was
killed. Colonel Crutchfield, Chief of Artillery
of the Second Corps, says: "These two batteries
were capitally served and evidently damaged the
enemy severely," and calls special attention "to
the gallantry displayed by Major R. S. Andrews
in this action, who was severely wounded and, on
our withdrawal, fell a prisoner into the hands of
the enemy."

General Jackson also says: "Especial credit is
due Major Andrews for the success and gallantry
with which his guns were directed until he was
severely wounded and taken from the field."

"In the subsequent battle of Manassas, which raged for
three days, the Federal Army was defeated * * * ^\-^q
Maryland batteries of Dement, Brown and Brockenbrough
performed gallant service. The first named battery, having
exhausted all their solid shot and shell on the last day they

73

74 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

were engaged, were brought into action by General A. P.
Hill so close to the Federals that they fired nothing but
canister.16

"In the capture of Harper's Ferry in September, 1862,
Colonel Crutchfield, Chief of Jackson's Artillery, took two
guns from the batteries of Captain W. F. Dement's First
Maryland Artillery, two from the Chesapeake Maryland
Artillery and two each from the batteries of Captains
Garber and Latimer, and moved up the Shenandoah, and
crossing at Kelly's Ford, moved down on the other side
until opposite the left and in the rear of the Federal line of
entrenchments and fortifications. * * * At this moment
the guns of the First Maryland Artillery, the Chesapeake
battery and the guns of Garber and Latimer opened a terrific
fire of shot and shell on the enemy's rear. Its battery was
quickly silenced and though they presently came back and
turned their guns against the Confederates, they were forced
to abandon them after a few shots. The guns of Dement,
Brown, Garber and Latimer were now brought to bear on
the Federal infantry in their entrenchments, soon forcing
them to fly in great confusion.^'''

During the time of his convalescence in Rich-
mond, Major Andrews lived in a house on Third
Street in a room with his friends, Colonel T. S,
Rhett and Adjutant James McHenry Howard.
General Elzey and part of his staff were also in
this house.

leScharf III, 483.
iTScharf III, 505.

A MEMOIR 75

This letter from Lieutenant Colonel A. S. Pen-
dleton, Jackson's Adjutant General, was received
at this time:

"Headquarters, Second Army Corps,

January 24th, 1863.

Dear Major:

Having learned that there was a lot of fine
English gray cloth in the Quartermaster's
Department in Richmond which can be bought
by an officer, I write to beg you, if not too much
trouble, to get me enough for a sack coat. If you
succeed, let the bearer of this, Gibson, my clerk,
know it that he may take the cloth to my tailor,
and I may send you the money for it.

We are anxiously expecting a fight, ditching
and throwing up epaulements for guns. If the
Yanks do come, we expect to treat them as
before. All send regards, Crutchfield, McGuire,^'^
&c. Hope you are improving. The General asked

i^This was Dr. Hunter McGuire, concerning whom the follow-
ing has just been written: "In the meanwhile, it is pleasant
to record here one step forward in civilization which was made
during this campaign and the author of which, Dr. Hunter
McGuire, deserves remembrance for his humanity. Until that
time and indeed for long afterwards, surgeons in charge of
hospitals full of wounded men, upon falling into the enemy's
hands were treated as prisoners of war. * * * ^^ ^.j^g battle
of Winchester Jackson captured all the Federal surgeons in

y^ RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

the other day if you would be fit for field duty;
he wanted you again. So you are appreciated by
the old war horse. I am, Major,

Yours truly,

A. S. Pendleton.
Major Snowden Andrews,
Richmond.

Extract from a letter recommending promo-
tions from W. N. Pendleton, Brigadier General
and Chief of Artillery to General R. E. Lee, Com-
manding.

Near Chesterfield Depot, Va.,

February ii, 1863.

Battalion T, Major R. S. Andrews, so severely wounded
at Cedar Mountain, but now nearly recovered and on duty
in Richmond, desires and richly deserves, the rank of

charge of the field hospitals there, but instead of sending them
to Belle Isle or Andersonville or Libby Prison, he acted upon the
suggestion of his medical director, Dr. Hunter McGuire, and
released the doctors unconditionally upon the rational and
humane ground that surgeons do not make war and ought not
to be subjected to war's pains and penalties, and upon the still
more rational and humane ground that it is needful for the care
of the wounded on both sides that surgeons shall be permitted
to remain at their posts till surgeons on the other side can
replace them, regardless of army movements and without fear
of being sent to a loathsome prison as a punishment for their
faithfulness to their merciful duty. Eggleston's Hist, of the
Confederate War, I, 385; N. Y. Sturgis & Walton Co., 1910.

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WITH EXDOKSEAIKXTS 1!V CEXEKALS LEE, JACKSOX AXD OTHER-

A MEMOIR 77

Lieutenant-Colonel and the command of this battalion. We
have no more brilliant and thoroughly meritorious artillery
officer. His recommendations are ample nor can a doubt
remain as to the propriety of his having this promotion and
command. He is from Maryland. Captain J. W. Latimer,
now commanding a battery in General Early's division, is
highly recommended by Colonel Crutchfield, and earnestly
desired by Major Andrews to be promoted and associated
with him as the second field officer in this battalion. He is
from Virginia."i9

Grafton Tyler was made Adjutant and Harris
Forbes Quartermaster.

Confederate States of America.

War Department.

Adjutant and Inspector General's Office.

Richmond, Va., March 3, 1863.

THIS CERTIFIES, That Major R. Snowden Andrews
has been nominated by the President Lieutenant-Colonel of
Artillery to report for duty to Colonel Crutchfield in the
Provisional Army of the Confederate States, to take rank
as such from the "Battle of Cedar Run" Ninth day of
August, 1862, subject to confirmation by the Senate, at their
present session.

By command of the Secretary of War.

Ed. a. Palfrey,
Major and A. A. General.
(Official.)

i^From War Records, 1863.

78 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

Headquarters Cavalry Division.
Army of Northern Virginia.

March 26th, 1863.

Dear Colonel:

I received your favour upon my return the
other day and am full grateful for the kind
expressions of sympathy it contained for the
grief caused by the loss of the gallant Pelham —
my companion, my friend, my right arm.

I need no assurance from others of your merits
and gallant service, but I have already indicated
Major Beckham, whose services by the resigna-
tion of General G. W. Smith, became available.

Hoping in your behalf for a continuation of so
bright a career, I have the honor to be
Very truly your friend,

J. E. B. Stuart,

Major General.

To Lt. Col. R. Snov^^den Andrews^
Artillery Battalion,

near Milford Station.

A MEMOIR 79

Confederate States of America.
War Department.

Richmond, April 4th, 1863.
Sir:

You are hereby informed that the President has appointed
you

LIEUTENANT COLONEL OF ARTILLERY

Under Act app'vd Jany 22 '62

In the Provisional Army in the service of the Confederate

States : to rank as such from the ninth day of August one

thousand eight hundred and sixty two.

Immediately on receipt hereof, please to communicate to
this Department, through the Adjutant and Inspector
General's Office, your acceptance or non-acceptance of said
appointment; and with your letter of acceptance, return to
the Adjutant and Inspector General the OATH, herewith
enclosed, properly filled up. Subscribed and Attested, report-
ing at the same time your Age, Residence, when appointed,
and the State in which you were Born.

Should you accept, you will report for duty to Genl. R. E.
Lee.

James A. Seddon,

Secretary of War.

Lt. Col. R. Snowden Andrews,

Artillery P. A. C. S.

After his recovery and promotion to the rank
of lieutenant-colonel of artillery, he was attached

8o RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

to General Early's division and was with that
intrepid leader at Chancellorsville. He was left
to defend Fredericksburg and the following is his
official report of the second battle of Fredericks-
burg, which took place while Chancellorsville
was being fought up above.

Colonel Andrews told this tale of an experi-
ence at Fredericksburg: I was trying to get my
guns into position to reply to the enemy's fire
which was doing us a good deal of damage:
Nothing seemed to go right; the horses were
unmanageable, the teamsters stupid and I con-
fess that I lost my temper and spoke very
roughly to them. I had just succeeded in bring-
ing the guns into what I considered an effective
position when a general officer rode up and said,
"Colonel, do you think you can reach them?" 'I
think I can. General.' "Then I think I would
open at once." It was General Lee. His manner
was quiet and dignified, although he had the
whole responsibility on his mind, not only of this
battle but of the whole army. I felt rebuked and
mortified. I do not think he heard what I said;
I certainly hope not.

A MEMOIR 8i

Hd. Qrts. Andrews' Arty. Battalion,
Hamilton's Crossing,

May 14th, 1863.
Maj. Genl. J. A. Early,
Genl. : —

In obedience to orders I have the honor to
make the following report of the operations of
my Battalion, and the Batteries under my com-
mand during the recent battles around Freder-
icksburg:

On the 29th April I moved with the Battalion
under my command from camp near Milford and
marching all night reached Hamilton's Crossing
at 10 o'clock A. M. on the 30th. On the morning
of Friday, May ist, was ordered by Colonel
Crutchfield to report to you and did so shortly
after daylight. When the Rockbridge Battery,
Captain Graham commanding, and Lieutenant
Tunis, in command of a Whitworth Gun, were
by you assigned to my command, Captain
Dement's Battery with four Napoleons and Cap-
tain Raine's Battery "Two Rifles" were placed in
some works which had been prepared on an open
field between Deep Run and the thickly wooded
marshy ground on the right, some 200 yards in

82 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

rear of the railroad. These guns were under
the immediate command of Major Latimer who
promptly had works prepared by the men for the
protection of the limbers and the horses sent to
the rear so as not to be endangered by the fire
of the enemy. I found Captain Graham's Bat-
tery— two 20 and two 10 pds. Parrotts, in the
position occupied by Colonel Walker's Artillery
during the fight of the 13th December; Captain
Brown's Battery — two 10 pds. Parrott guns —
was placed in position with him; Captain Car-
penter's Battery — two 3 inch and two Napoleon
— were placed in position some ^ of a mile to
the right of Hamilton's Crossing near a thick
grove of pines, and Lieutenant Tunis with the
Whitworth gun was placed in position across the
Massaponax, some half a mile on a height, to
prevent a flank movement and to enfilade, should
an attack be made at Hamilton's Crossing. The
Batteries referred to were all placed in position
under cover of a thick fog.

No demonstration was made by the enemy on
that day, and we remained quietly in position
without firing, — their line of skirmishers being
in front of the Bernard and Pratt Houses. Dur-
ing the night Captain Richardson, of the Wash-
ington Artillery, with four Napoleon guns, was

A MEMOIR 83

ordered by General Pendleton to report to me
and was placed in position on the left of Captain
Carpenter's guns, giving me with this Battery
the command of six batteries and one Whitworth
gun — in all, twenty-one (21) guns. The morn-
ing of Saturday, the 2nd, found things unchanged
except that larger numbers of the enemy were
visible on the North side of the River. At an
early hour I was ordered to feel the enemy with
my guns. I directed Major Latimer to open fire
on the left with the rifle guns of Captain Raine
on the right. I opened fire with the Rifle guns
of Captains Graham and Brown on the enemy's
Infantry on this side of the river, compelling
them to recross the River. Two of the enemy's
Batteries on the other side and one on this side
opened fire upon Captains Graham and Brown's
guns wounding severely a brave Corporal ("Car-
berry") of Brown's Battery; two Privates of Cap-
tain Graham's were slightly wounded. These
guns were then turned upon the battery of the
enemy on this side of the River — near the Pratt
House — and in a short time drove it from its
position and compelled it to recross the river.
The enemy after recrossing removed their pon-
toon bridge, and our skirmishers advanced to
the River at the Pratt House. On the left there

84 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

was no response to Raine's guns and after firing-
about 25 rounds Major Latimer ceased firing.
Several dead horses and a wheel (disabled) were
left by the enemy's Battery near Pratt's House.
There was no further firing by me that day.
About two o'clock I received orders from you to
march with your Division, and to order Captain
Richardson's Battery to report to Brigadier Gen-'
eral Hays and Lieutenant Tunis with the Whit-
worth to report to General Pendleton. March-
ing ahead of the Division to the Telegraph Road
I replenished my supply of ammunition and
obtained three days' supply of corn for my
horses, and awaited the arrival of the division.
We marched in the rear to a point near the Plank
Road. A report here reached us that General
Hays was being closely pressed by the enemy
and needed reinforcements. In a short time I
was ordered by you to countermarch and
endeavour to regain my positions of the morn-
ing,— followed your Infantry and without diffi-
culty regained my positions about 11 P. M.,
found Captain Richardson had by orders of Gen-
eral Hays gone several miles to the rear, sent for
him to bring up his Battery, which he did
promptly, arriving before daylight of the 3rd.
There being no stir on the part of the enemy we

A MEMOIR 85

spent the night quietly. Sunday, May 3rd, found
me in the precise position of the day before.
About dayHght I received intelligence that the
enemy were advancing up the ravine, through
which Deep Run flows, nearly concealed from
view by the trees along its banks. Major Lati-
mer was directed and at once opened upon them
with the rifle guns, they being only visible near
the head of the ravine, too far off for the Napol-
eons. The enemy shortly after appeared at a
point on the run nearer. Captain Dement was
ordered to open upon them, which he did
promptly and eft'ectively, but was unable to pre-
vent a body of them (about two regiments) from
reaching a point on the railroad opposite a
barn to the left of the Run. Captain Dement's
guns were kept playing continually upon them
to prevent a further advance. They were so well
protected that we could not readily dislodge
them. The fire of the rifle guns of Captain
Raine was directed upon the head of the Ravine
to prevent a further advance from that direction.
The enemy then posted a battery of six guns to
the left of the Bernard House, and about one
mile distant, also another to the left of this, near
Deep Run. These batteries opened upon Captains
Dement's and Raine's guns, but, it being more

86 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

important to keep back the Infantry, they did not
reply at once. Having checked the Infantry,
Raine's and Dement's guns opened upon these
Batteries, causing them for a time to cease firing.
At this time I observed the enemy were bringing
up tw^o additional Batteries and placing them
beyond the range of Dement's Napoleon guns. I
immediately ordered Dement's guns to be w^ith-
drav^n and sent to the rear and their places to
be supplied by Captain Brow^n's lo pds. Parrotts
and Captain Graham's 2 twenty pds. Parrotts
and directed Captain Carpenter to take his sec-
tion of three inch Dahlgren guns to a position
already prepared near Raine's guns. By this
time it was evident the enemy's real points of
attack were at Deep Run and Marye's Heights.
I therefore ordered Captain Richardson to report
with his battery to General Pendleton at Lee's
Hill, that he might be in supporting distance of
Marye's Heights. He moved promptly to the
point designated, distant some four (4) miles by
the route he was obliged to take, and I have
understood had the misfortune to lose one of his
guns, captured in repelling the attack on Lee's
Hill after Marye's Heights were taken. In the
meantime Captains Carpenter's and Raine's guns
kept up a constant fire, whilst Dement's guns

A MEMOIR 87

were being withdrawn, so as not to attract the
enemy's fire while making the change, which,
however, they did discover, and subjected them
to a terrific fire. Captains Graham's and Brown's
Batteries, while relieving Captain Dement, there-
fore, went into position under very disadvanta-
geous circumstances, tending to create confusion,
but the officers and men with a few exceptions
behaved very handsomely under them, display-
ing bravery and coolness. Captain Dement's
guns were moved to the rear by the horses which
brought Captains Graham's and Brown's guns
into position. Major Latimer, who was in com-
mand of the eight rifle guns, then, with great
judgment, concentrated their whole fire on each
of the enemy's Batteries successively and soon
succeeded in driving them from their positions.
Shortly after. Smith's Brigade advanced upon
the enemy's left flank, driving their Infantry pre-
cipitately before them and bringing them in view
when these guns were opened upon them (with
a rapid and efl:*ective fire) and a Battery which
this movement disclosed nearer the River. The
Infantry immediately took shelter behind the
bank, on either side of the River Road, and the
Battery was soon silenced and driven from the

88 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

field. This ended the fight upon the flank extend-
ing from Deep Run towards Hamilton's Cross-
ing, except occasional firing upon the columns
of the enemy passing up towards Marye's
Heights, frequently scattering their infantry. It
was now about i P. M. and all quiet on our front,
and we were engaged burying our dead, when a
message arrived from General Barksdale that
he had repulsed the enemy twice at Marye's
Heights and could do it again. Some thirty min-
utes after a report reached us that the enemy had
taken Marye's Heights. I was riding rapidly
in the direction of Lee's Hill to overtake you,
when I met you returning and received orders
to move my guns and take position on the
heights back on the Corduroy Road. This order
was promptly executed by me without loss,
indeed the enemy had been so well whipped on
this flank that they showed no disposition to
fight on this portion of the field. After several
hours I received orders to join you in the rear of
Lee's Hill, leaving a Battery on the heights to
protect the flank of Lee's Hill. I marched
around and found a new line of battle formed a
mile in the rear of Lee's Hill, extending across
the Telegraph Road at a point where the cross
road leads to the Plank Road. After remaining

|)()\\ .\.\1.\.\ IlULSh .\1-:AK IKKDKRICKSliL i«,. \lK(,i.\IA.

MARVE HOUSE NEAR FREDERICKSBURG, \IRGIXIA.

A MEMOIR 89

in line of battle until nearly dark and no enemy
appearing, just before dark we were astonished
to see marching towards us, by a road through
the woods, a train of wagons accompanied by
what appeared to be artillery. I opened by your
order upon it a fire from my guns, and the train
disappeared rapidly. Upon our advance next day
I found a wagon and a forge Avith a number of
fine mules to each, some of which had been killed.
No enemy appeared that night. The next morn-
ing, Monday, I received orders from you to
advance down the Telegraph Road towards
Fredericksburg, and render General Gordon such
assistance as might be necessary. I advanced my
guns. Captain Graham's guns being in advance,
and followed closely after General Gordon's Bri-
gade; when about one mile from Fredericksburg,
General Gordon's Brigade became engaged with
a Brigade in his front and between him and
Marye's Heights, extending over towards the
Plank Road. I placed Captain Graham in posi-
tion on the Telegraph Road fronting towards
the houses of Mr. Guest and Mr. Downman and
opened fire upon the enemy's Infantry, which
were in a hollow behind these houses, and scat-
tered them in every direction. At this time two
Brigades of the Enemy's Infantry came over the

90 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

hill with the intention of attacking the left flank
of General Gordon's Brigade. Four shells from
Graham's guns sent one of them running in dis-
order to the rear, and some ten or twelve sent
the Second Brigade after their first. Whilst this
was going on a Battery placed on the right and
left of Downman's houses opened upon Graham,
their shell, with few exceptions, failing to reach
us, whilst his twenty pds. Parrotts reached them
very easily and soon silenced their guns, and they
limbered up and ran off to the fear. As they had
their guns within a few feet of Mr. Downman's
house (in fact, as near as the porch would
allow them to be placed) it was impossible to
avoid damaging his house very seriously. Gen-
eral Gordon being relieved from any pressure on
his left flank soon cleared out the Brigade from
his front and this Brigade followed the other
two. This gave us possession again of Marye's
Heights, a number of wagons and mules, a Bat-
tery wagon and forge, belonging to Captain I.
Hartwell Butler, Company G, of the Second Reg-
ular United States Artillery, were captured by
General Gordon in his charge and were turned
over by him to me for the valuable assistance
rendered him by me, as he was kind enough to
term it. During the fight of the evening [Mon-

A MEMOIR 91

day] my guns were posted so as to cover the
charge made by the Brigades of Generals Hoage,
Hays and Gordon in case they should fail in their
assault upon the heights, but they and their
brave men knew no such word as "fail," and my
guns did not fire a round. I requested of you
permission to follow them up closely with one
of my Batteries, but you declined, not needing
their assistance. It only remains for me to men-
tion the conduct of the ofiicers and men under
my command. It gives me great pleasure to men-
tion the conspicuous gallantry and judgment of
Major Latimer; of Captains Graham, Raine,
Dement and Carpenter, with their officers and
men, I cannot speak too highly. Captain Carpen-
ter and Lieutenant Gale of First Maryland were
both severely wounded, the former having to be
ordered from, before he would leave the field. I
would call particular attention to the high sol-
dierly qualities of the officers and men of the
Rockbridge Battery, who from Thursday morn-
ing until Monday night were fighting or march-
ing continuously, fighting by day and marching
by night with their Caissons to Guinea Station
and back for ammunition and without a murmur
or complaint. My thanks are particularly due to
my Ordnance Officer, Lieutenant English, for

92 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

his unwearied care and diligence in keeping me
supplied with ammunition from so distant a
point.

There were 3 killed and 6 wounded in ist Md.
Battery; i killed and 3 wounded in Alleghany
Roughs; I killed and 3 wounded in Lee Battery;
I killed and 4 wounded in Chesapeake Battery;
I killed and 5 wounded in Rockbridge Battery.
Total, 7 killed and 21 wounded.

Respectfully yr. obt. servt.,
(Signed) R. Snowden Andrews,
Lt. Col. Comdg. Arty. Battalion.

List of Killed and Wounded in Andrcivs' Artillery Battalion,

2d Battle Fredericksburg, Va., May

2d, 3d, 4th & 5th, 1863.

First Maryland Battery, Capt. Dement comdg.

Killed— Privates, Wm. Robey, N. Pollite and Dr. P. B.
Duvall.

Wounded — Lieut. Jno. Gale, leg, severely; Private R.
Stidham, head, severely ; Sergt. A. Young, breast, severely ;
Private A. Tolson, arm and shoulder, severely; Private C.
McNeal, leg, slightly ; Private Jno. Scharf , leg, slightly.

Carpenter's Battery, Capt. J. C. Carpenter comdg.

Killed — Private I. Grim.

Wounded — Capt. J. C. Carpenter, leg, severely; Private
John Riding, head, severely; Sergt. J. W. Reed, Illiac region,
slightly.

A MEMOIR 93

Lee Battery, Capt. Raine comdg.

Killed — Private W. A. Owens.

Wounded — Private W. H. Eades, head, slightly; Private
W. D. Nowell, hand, slightly; Private T. A. Marsh, hand
and arm, slightly.

Chesapeake Battery (4th Md.) Capt. Brown comdg.

Killed — Corporal R. Hasskins.

Wounded — Private R. E. Langley, shoulder, severely;
Corpl. T. A. Carberry, leg, severely; Sergt. Crowley, face,
slightly; Private J. H. Sparks, hip, slightly.

Rockbridge Battery, Capt. Graham, comdg.

Killed— Private G. W. Steuart.

Wounded — Private H. Font, leg, severely; Private Wm.
Nick, shoulder, severely; Private J. L. Moore, shoulder,
slightly; Private James Paine, side, slightly; Private Alfd.
Gold, face, slightly.

Recapitulation :

Killed 7

Wounded 21

Total killed and wounded 28

(Signed) R. Snowden Andrews,

Lieut. Col. Comdg. Arty. Battalion.

Grafton Tyler,

istLt. &Adjt.

CHAPTER V.

Stevenson's Depot — Gettysburg.

Before describing the defence of the bridge at
Stevenson's Depot, June 15th, 1863, it is again
necessary to quote from Scharf :

Upon approaching Winchester, three Companies of Her-
bert's battahon under Major Goldsborough were thrown
forward as skirmishers and although subjected to a severe
artillery fire, drove the Federals into their works around the
town. On the same day Edward Johnson's division, pre-
ceded by Newman's Cavalry, drove in the Federal pickets
on the Front Royal and Winchester roads, and formed line
of battle two miles from town preparatory to an attack.
After some skirmishing, Milroy opened from a battery near
the Millwood road, and Carpenter's battery (Lieutenant
Lamber commanding) was placed by Lieutenant-Colonel R.
Snowden Andrews to the left of the Front Royal road, and
opened vigorously, soon driving off the opposing battery and
blowing up a caisson. About five o'clock. Early, with
Gordon's and Hay's brigade, attacked and quickly carried
the outer defences of the town and captured six pieces of
artillery. Night coming on, they lay upon their arms.
Meanwhile Johnson was sent with James A. Walker's
"Stonewall" brigade, Nicholl's Louisiana brigade. Colonel
J. M, Williams commanding, and three regiments of George
H. Steuart's Virginia and North Carolina brigade, and
William F. Dement's First Maryland Artillery, with sections
of Raine's and Carpenter's (the whole under Lieutenant-

94

A MEMOIR 95

Colonel R. Snowden Andrews) to make a detour to the
East of the town to occupy the Martinsburg road, about
two and a half miles from Winchester, and thus intercept
Milroy's line of retreat, or to be ready to attack at daylight
if the enemy held their ground. During the night Milroy
cut down his guns and attempted a precipitate retreat to
Harper's Ferry. A small part of his command had passed,
when Johnson, who had been delayed in getting into position,
arrived about daylight at the Martinsburg road, and at once
attacked the passing column. -o

General Ewell says:

"The enemy made repeated and desperate attempts to cut
their way through. Here was the hardest fighting which
took place during the attack, the odds being greatly in
favour of the enemy, who were successfully repulsed and
scattered by the gallantry of General Johnson and his brave
command. * * * In a few minutes the greater part of
them surrendered — twenty-three to twenty-five hundred
men. The rest scattered through the woods and fields, but
most of them were subsequently captured by our cavalry.
General Milroy, with two hundred and fifty or three hun-
dred cavalry, made his way to Harper's Ferry. The fruits
of this victory were twenty-three pieces of artillery, nearly
all rifled, four thousand prisoners, three hundred loaded
wagons, more than three hundred horses and a large amount
of commissary and quartermaster stores. My loss was
forty-seven killed, two hundred and nineteen wounded
and three missing. Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews, who had
handled his artillery with great skill and effect in the engage-

'OScharf, III, p. 531-

96 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

ment of the 15th, was wounded just at the close of the
action." * * *

It was during these fights near Winchester and
Jordan's Springs that on June 15th, 1863, Colonel
Andrews stationed two guns of Dement's Bat-
tery at a bridge over a railroad cut near Steven-
son's Depot, under command of Lieutenant C. S,
Contee, with orders to hold the bridge as long
as there was a man left. He then rode off into
another part of the field and upon his return,
badly wounded in the arm, Contee, shot through
both legs, raised himself from the ground and
said, "Colonel, I have a Sergeant and two men
and the enemy is retreating." Every man but
three was killed or wounded but they had prac-
tically stopped an army. General Edward John-
son came afterwards to the hospital and publicly
thanked Colonel Andrews where he was lying
with Lieutenant Contee, both wounded, for hav-
ing won the fight for him. General Lee said that
the ''heroic self-sacrifice of those brave men was
a second Thermopylae."

The gallantry of the lieutenant and men was
so conspicuous that they were reported by name
to the Major General, Edward Johnson, who in
turn reported them by name to the Lieutenant

AUGUSTUS JAMES ALBERT,

Andrews' Battalion.

From photograph. 1910.

A MEMOIR 97

General, Ewell, who reported them also by name
to General Lee, by whom their names were for-
warded to the Department in Richmond.

The following extract is from General Ewell's
report to General Lee:

* * * at Winchester.

Lieutenant C. S. Contee's Section of Dement's Battery
was placed in short musket range of the enemy on June 15th
and maintained its position till thirteen of the sixteen in the
two detachments were killed or wounded, when Lieutenant
John A. Morgan and Lieutenant R. H. McKim, aide-de-
camp to Brigadier General G. H. Steuart, volunteered and
helped to work the guns till the surrender of the enemy.
The following are the names of the gallant men belonging
to this section :

First Gun — Sergeant John G. Harris, Corporals Wm. P.
Compton, Saml. Thompson, Privates Robert Chew, Wm.
Koester, Charles Pease, A. J. Albert, Jr., Wm. T. Wootten,
John R. Yates, Jr., H. J. Langsdale, J. R. Buchanan, B. W.
Owens.

Second Gun — Sergeant John E. Glasscocke, Corporals
Wm. H. May, Charles Harris, Privates Thos. Moore, Wm.
Gorman, F. Frayer, Wm. W. Wilson, Saml. Thomas, R. T.
Richardson, Wm. Sherburne, James Owens, Wm. Dallam,
Joseph Mockabee.

James Caperton in a letter to a friend encloses
this report of Ewell's and adds:

"Suffice it to say that this is the only report
of the individual privates engaged in an artillery

98 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

company that has ever been included in an
official report of the Army of Northern Virginia.
I had just been transferred to the company then.
* * * Colonel Charles Marshall told me that
General Lee, hearing of the battery, unsupported,
keeping the enemy back, when they had been
intercepted and finally compelled to surrender,
requested their names, which was a great compli-
ment. Mr. Albert (Jim's father) told me when i
lived in Baltimore that he had spoken to General
Lee with great regret about his son's losing his
arm. "My dear Sir, if you knew the circum-
stances under which he lost it, you would feel
proud of it. I regard this as the Thermopylae of
my campaign." This seems to have occurred dur-
ing the time of a visit General Lee made to Bal-
timore after the war.

"It seems beyond a doubt that these two guns
alone, absolutely unsupported by infantry, held
the bridge and practically won the battle."

General Edward Johnson's official report of
the operations at Winchester says:

"Before closing this report I beg to state that I have
never seen superior artillery practice to that of Andrews'
battalion in this engagement, and especially the section under
Lieutenant C. S. Contee (Dement's battery), one gun of
which was placed on the bridge above referred to and the

A MEMOIR 99

other a little to the left and rear. Both pieces were very
much exposed during the whole action. Four successive
attempts were made to carry the bridge. Two sets of
cannoneers (thirteen out of fifteen) were killed or disabled.
Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews and Lieutenant Contee, whose
gallantry calls for special mention, fell wounded at this
point. Lieutenant John A. Morgan of the First North
Carolina Regiment and Lieutenant Randolph McKim took
the place of the disabled cannoneers, rendering valuable
assistance and deserving special mention.

Extracts from Report of Brigadier General
George H. Steuart:

Headquarters Steuart's Brigade,

June 19, 1863.

"Several attempts were made by the enemy to carry the
bridge, and almost all the cannoneers of the piece placed
there were killed or wounded. The gallant Lieutenant
Contee was also wounded ; and I must here mention the
gallant conduct of Lieutenant John A. Morgan, First North
Carolina Regiment, who, with Private B. W. Owens, of the
Maryland Artillery, and some occasional assistance, manned
the piece most effectively, driving the enemy back from the
bridge at the most critical moment. * * *

Captain G. G, Garrison, Assistant Adjutant-General and
First Lieutenant R. H. McKim, my aide-de-camp, rendered
valuable assistance, the latter occasionally serving at the
piece on the bridge. George H. Steuart,

Brigadier General, Commanding Johnson's Division.

Major B. W. Leigh,

Assistant Adjutant General."

19075

100 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

The last man left at Number One Gun was
B. W. Owens, who, in reply to a request for his
recollection of the incident has kindly written
this letter:

''Annapolis, Md., July ii, 1910.

"My Dear Sir:

I was a private of the First Maryland Battery
at Number One Gun stationed on the bridge at
Stevenson's Depot, on June 15th, 1863, and while
working the gun alone was reinforced by Lieu-
tenant John Morgan, of a North Carolina Regi-
ment, and an officer of the Staff of the late Gen-
eral George H. Steuart, Lieutenant R. H. Mc-
Kim, now the Rev. Randolph H. McKim, both
of whom stood by and gallantly assisted me to
the close of the action and the surrender of the
enemy.

My brother thinks that Lieutenant Morgan
w^as the Adjutant of his regiment, but I, without
absolute knowledge, incline to think otherwise.

I saw him once only after this, and that was
on the return from Gettysburg, on which occa-
sion he was marching barefooted with his regi-

/!*

^^^^ I

^.

^

^

STKVEXSOX'S I )I-:i'( )T.

fiv' )u,.,i,/(f aai&jmiy . .i^

THE OLD I'.RIDCl-:

A MEMOIR loi

ment, the First or Third North Carolina, I am
not positive which. And it has occurred to me
that a staff-officer would most likely have been
better equipped, and probably mounted.

The explanation of my being alone at my gun
is that my detachment — in fact both detach-
ments— were so depleted, a number being-
wounded unto death, it was determined to com-
bine the remnants of the two upon one gun, that
it might be worked more eft"ectively, and an
order to that effect was given. The two or three
of my comrades hearing the order obeyed, but I,
failing to hear it, remained at my post and did
the best I could until the end came.

Respectfully,

B. Welch Owens."

Mrs. Jackson in her "Memoirs of Stonewall
Jackson," says that one of the cadets of the Vir-
ginia Military Institute once asked Jackson why
he did not run away when his command was so
disabled at Chapultepec. Jackson replied, 'T was
not ordered to do so ; if I had been ordered to run
away I should have done so; but I was directed
to hold my position and I had no right to aban-
don it."

102 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

Or perhaps Mr. Owens was like Nelson, at
Copenhagen, who, when told that he was ordered
to withdraw his ship, put his blind eye to the tele-
scope and said he could see no signals to with-
draw.

In this engagement Colonel Andrews was
severely wounded in the arm; a ball entered
below the elbow and ran up through the arm,
coming out at the shoulder. While he was in
the hospital the following letter was received by
Lieutenant Contee, who was also badly wounded.

Head Quarters Johnson's Division,
Sharpsburg, Md.,

June 22nd, 1863.
Dear Charlie

I regret exceedingly that I could not absent
myself from my command long enough to pay
you a visit as we passed along; but you know I
would have done so had it been possible. You
must do your best, however, to get well and join
us as soon as you can. Write me by the return
courier so that I may know exactly how you are,
as well as Andrews. I might have an opportunity
of communicating with your families.

A MEMOIR 103

We are progressing very slowly but I think
surely. What we are waiting for I cannot
exactly say, but I presume Marse Robert knows.
Our troops are all in fine spirits and anxious to
go ahead. General Johnson told me today, and
I think it will gratify you to know his opinion
that 'Andrews Battalion was handled in the most
able and gallant manner in the recent engage-
ment near Winchester.' I am glad you both got
off as you did, and hope you will not require a
third leg. I send an undershirt and socks for
yourself and Andrews, as you may be out of clean
clothes. If I can do anything for you let me
know. We will move forward tomorrow.

Yours truly,

G. D. Mercer.
To Lieut. Charles Contee.

Major Latimer's full official report of the
action of the battalion at Winchester is as fol-
lows:

''Headquarters Andrews' Artillery Battalion,

June 25th, 1863.
Colonel:

I hereby beg leave to submit the following
report of the operations of this Battalion in the
recent engagements around Winchester:

104 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

On the morning of the 13th June we marched
at 4 A. M. with Johnson's Division from our
encampment at Cedarville on the Front Royal
and Winchester pike. Captain Carpenter's Bat-
tery, Lieutenant Lambie commanding, being
detached and following the front Brigade
under immediate direction of Lieutenant-Colonel
Andrews. This Battery arrived in sight of Win-
chester about 12 M. Had it proceeded directly
up the road it would have been subjected to the
fire of a Battery stationed on the right of the
pike and on an eminence between the first house
on the right of the road and an encampment
which the enemy had just vacated. Therefore
Colonel Andrews moved Carpenter's Battery
through the woods to the left of the road, reach-
ing an open field enclosed by a stone wall, which
somewhat protected the guns. The Battery came
into action under fire, and in a few minutes, by
their well directed shots, drove off the enemy's
Battery, as well as the supporting Infantry, both
retreating rapidly towards the Town; one of the
enemy's limbers having been exploded, thereby
killing three men; others having been killed or
wounded by the firing. During the engagement,
Carpenter's Battery lost one man killed and
one wounded and three (3) horses disabled.

A MEMOIR 105

Dement's First Maryland Battery, which was
not engaged, but exposed to the fire, lost one
(i) man killed. Carpenter's Battery was, for
some time after this, exposed to a severe fire
from heavy Batteries which the enemy had
posted on the heights to the left of the town, but
which we could not reach. Later in the evening,
when General Early advanced on the left, some
of the enemy's Infantry in retreating became
exposed to view, when I ordered Lieutenant
Lambie to open upon them with his two rifle
guns which he did with effect, very much accel-
erating their speed. This drew upon the Batterv
a Severe fire from the enemy's Batteries posted
as before described, without any damage, how-
ever, except the loss of one (i) or two horses.
After night the Battery was withdrawn and
parked with the remainder of the Battalion.
None of the Batteries of the Battalion were
engaged again on that day or the next; the
enemy having retired within his works, and our
lines not being advanced on that part of the field
which we occupied. The Battalion remained
quietly in park behind a sheltering hill near the
Front Royal road.

On the evening of the 14th, about dark, in
accordance with orders from General Johnson,

io6 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

Demerit's First Maryland Battery, four Napol-
eons, a rifle section belonging to Raine's Battery
under command of Captain Raine, and a section
of Carpenter's Battery (rifle guns) under com-
mand of Lieutenant Lambie, were taken by Col-
onel Andrews with two (2) Brigades of John-
son's Division (Steuart's and Nichol's) all under
command of General Johnson, and moved across
the country to the road leading from the Win-
chester and Martinsburg pike to Charlestown,
by Jordan Springs; striking it at a point about
four (4) miles from the Martinsburg pike, about
3 A. M., and moving towards that pike. The
remainder of the Battalion had been left under
my command in front of Winchester,

The Batteries under Colonel Andrews were
marching close up on the Infantry, and the first
intimation of the presence of an enemy was given
by rapid firing of musketry, indicating skirmish-
ing at the head of the Column. The Battalion
was halted immediately, the First Gun of
Dement's First Maryland Battery, which was in
the lead, being at this time within about (200)
two hundred yards of the burnt Depot. This
gun was ordered forward by Colonel Andrews
under direction of General Johnson and having
arrived at the burnt Depot w^as halted. In the

A MEMOIR 107

meantime, the Infantry were formed on the right
and left of the road by which they had been
marching along the line of the Winchester and
Harper's Ferry Railroad. The firing had ceased
and the remainder of the Battalion was ordered
into park in the woods to the right of the road at
the burnt Depot. Before getting into park, how-
ever. Colonel Andrews by direction of General
Johnson ordered forward the gun which was in
advance, bringing it into position on the road
near the Bridge across the Railroad upon which
it was subsequently moved. The left gun of the
same section was brought into position on the
left of the Road by the same orders. Skirmishers
had beeri sent out from our line and quite rapid
firing had begun. The two guns could not fire,
our skirmishers being in the way. The skirmish-
ers, however, were quickly driven back by the
enemy who followed them. The two guns men-
tioned then opened upon them with canister.
They were severely engaged with Infantry at
short range until the close of the action, about
one and a half hours, not changing their position,
and driving the enemy back frequently. Shortly
after these guns had been put in position the
remainder of the Battery was posted by Colonel
Andrews' orders along the edge of the wood to

io8 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

the left of the road. They became immediately
engaged (though at longer range than the first
two (2) guns), except Lieutenant Lambie's Sec-
tion of Carpenter's Battery, which shortly after
getting into position was by direction of Colonel
Andrews taken to a position about 200 yards to
the right of the road, to protect against a flank
movement. About half an hour after, Lieutenant
Stonestreet was ordered by Colonel Andrews to
the support of Lieutenant Lambie. A body of
the enemy's Infantry and Cavalry being seen
moving to the left of our position. Colonel
Andrews directed Captain Raine to move his
section about 200 yards to the left and in rear of
his position, which he did, forming at right
angles with his former line of fire with good
effect. Shortly thereafter one of his guns by
order of General Johnson was taken down the
road towards Jordan Springs to intercept a body
of the enemy, who were retreating in that direc-
tion. The enemy seeing this gun before it had
been put in position, several hundred of them
surrendered to about seven of our Infantry men.
About the same time Lieutenant Lambie's Sec-
tion and one gun of Captain Dement's which
were on the right of the road, not having had
occasion to fire, were moved by direction of Col-

A MEMOIR 109

onel Andrews about one half mile to the rear of
our line to fire upon the body of Infantry and
Cavalry above spoken of, which Captain Raine's
Guns had not succeeded in arresting. The result
was to scatter them in every direction, thus mak-
ing them an easy prey to our Infantry. The
action, at this time, was pretty well over, the
enemy's line being broken at nearly every point,
and in order to complete the rout Colonel
Andrews was making preparations to charge
with one of the Sections of Dement's Battery
through the shattered lines of the enemy and
open upon his rear, when he was struck in the
arm by a shot from a lingering sharpshooter,
which gave him a severe but not serious flesh-
wound. A short time after the action was closed
the greater part of the enemy surrendered, the
remainder having fled. The conduct of the Bat-
teries on this occasion was most creditable, elicit-
ing by the effect with which they were handled
by their commanders the admiration of all
beholders. It will be seen that they were several
times moved while under fire, always a difficult
matter, and the celerity with which these move-
ments were made showed the ability of the Bat-
tery commanders and the efficiency of their com-
mands. Captain Raine's Battery, though exposed

no RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

to a severe Infantry fire, suffered no loss besides
having (3) three horses disabled. Sergeants
East, Eades and Milstead are mentioned as hav-
ing made themselves conspicuous for coolness
and fine service rendered, having acted as gun-
ners in addition to their duties as chiefs of pieces.

The conduct of the ofificers, non-commissioned
officers and men serving the right section of Cap-
tain Dement's Battery cannot be spoken of in
terms of praise sufficiently high. The stern
determination with which they stood up to their
guns is proven by the fact that the gun at the
bridge was worked with terrible effect until six
men were disabled and on account of the difficult
position which the gun occupied the two cannon-
eers which were left were unable to work it.
Finding the other gun detachment becoming
weak, the Sergeant and Corporal, with the two
men, went over to its assistance. In a few min-
utes the latter detachment had suffered as great
loss as the former, but owing to the superiority
of ground the gun could be worked with dimin-
ished numbers.

The loss in Captain Dement's Battery was two
(2) killed, and thirteen (13) wounded, among the
wounded. Lieutenant Contee and Sergeant Glass-
cocke. This loss was confined to the two guns

A MEMOIR III

above spoken of, except in the case of one of the
men killed, which was done on Saturday, when
not engaged. Sixteen horses were also killed and
disabled, fifteen (15) of these being in the same
section.

I desire to bring to your immediate notice on
this occasion the names of Lieutenant C. S. Con-
tee commanding the Section, Sergeant Harris,
Corporals Compton and Thompson, of the First
gun, Sergeants Glasscocke and Corporal May,
Second Gun.

Captain Carpenter's Battery, under command
of Lieutenant Lambie, was served in the most
efficient manner, both on the day on which we
arrived in front of Winchester and the 15th inst.
The Lieutenant commanding finds difficulty in
making any distinction, but mentions Sergeant
Major Ben. Karnes as having been in command
of a Section and having rendered excellent serv-
ice.

Captain Brown's Battery was not engaged at
any time. It is useless for me to speak of the
Commanders of the Batteries engaged. Their
known skill and gallantry as proven on every

112 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

battle field makes it unnecessary to speak of
them on this particular occasion. I am, Col.
Very Respectfully Your Obedient Servant.,

(Signed) J. W. Latimer, Major,
Commanding Andrews' Artillery Battalion.

Col. J. T. Brown,

Actg. Chf. Arty. 2d Corps.

Casualties in Andrcivs' Arty. Battalion in Battle "Jordan

Springs" and near Winchester, June i^th and 13th,

186^. Carpenter's Battery (Capt. J no. C.

Carpenter comdg.)

Corporal John Miller, wounded in leg, slight; Private
L. A. Siveley, wounded in knee, killed ; Private Jos. Bailey
of I St Md. Battery, shoulder and side, killed.

June 15th, Jordan Springs, near Winchester, Va.

Lt. Col. R. Snowden Andrews, comdg. Battalion, arm,
severe; Lieut. C. S. Contee, ist Md. Battery (Dement's),
leg, severe; Sergt. J. E. Glasscocke, ist Md. Battery
(Dement's), thigh, severei; Private Robt. Chew, ist Md.
Battery (Dement's), arm, severe; Private Thos. Moore, ist
Md. Battery (Dement's), abdomen, killed; Private Wm.
Wootten, 1st Md. Battery (Dement's), shoulder, killed;
Private James Albert, ist Md. Battery (Dement's), arm
amputated; Private Chs. Pease, ist Md. Battery (Dement's),
hand, slight; Private Fredk. Frayer, ist Md. Battery
(Dement's), hand, slight; Private James Owens, ist Md.
Battery (Dement's), hand, slight; Private Lewis Koester,

n* I— , 1;

A MEMOIR

11

1st Md. Battery (Demerit's), both legs, killed; Private
Joseph Mocabee, ist Md. Battery (Demerit's), cheek and
oesophagus, killed; Private W. H. Gorman, ist Md. Battery
(Dement's), leg amputated; Private John Yates, ist Md.
Battery (Dement's), leg, severe.

Stevenson's Depot and Bridge and Railway.

Partial List of Members of Andrews' Battalion at
Winchester, June, 1863.

J. E. Glasscocke
Wm. P. Compton
Wm. H. May
I. W. F. Hatton
C. H. Harris
B. Dashiell
Aug. J. Albert, Jr.
R. B. Chew
G. H. Marriott
George V. Pernis
W. W. Dallam
B. W. Owens
W. H. Bowen
P. F. Edelin
R. C. Glass
G. Coombe
I. T. Dutton
Thos. Moore
J. F. McWilliams
Jno. Campbell
L. W. Jones
Joseph Hatton

H. C. Sargent

Lewis Koester

A. W. Perrie

A. M. Wilson

John R. Buchanan

R. H. Lee

H. D. Miller

J. Gilpin

J. T. Wilson

J. C. Wingate

Geo. Robertson

J. Cator

A. C. Bowie

Wm. H. Gorman

John C. Handy

G. A. Dougherty

S. G. Bowland

John R. Wade

Eugene Worthington

Abram Koons

J. C. Lee

Louis W. Jenkins

114

RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

H. R. Langsdale
G. W. Bos ford
Wm. Beverly Brown
John M. Shuster
Geo. H. Hilleary
Saml. Thompson
John W. Gunby
McC Y. Barry
I. C. Heeny
J. W. Owens
R. T. Richardson
Thos. G. Morgan
W. L. Shurburn
Thos. H. Musgrove
W. G. Higgins
O. L. Jenkin
William W. Wilson
Joseph Baily
S. F. Duvall
Wm. H. Harper
Geo. W. Robinson
John F. Digges

Geo. W. Wilson
J. H. Dorsett
L. S. Webb
R. Burtles
J. T. Franklin
J. A. Dorsett
H. Pennington
E. Middleton
S. Thomas
J. C. Mockabee
W. E. Phipps
R. F. Driden
T. Broughton
Wm. A. Koester
James N. Weems
Richard Stidham
Charles Pease
Daniel Lloyd, Jr.
W. Kennedy Jenkins
W. Gardener
John T. Todd
R. Boswell

Colonel Andrews was not able to be with his
Battalion at Gettysburg on account of the wound
received at Winchester, but came out of the hos-
pital in time to meet his command in the retreat
from Gettysburg and wrote the official report of
the action from the dictation of Major Latimer,
whose arm had been torn off in that battle.

A MEMOIR 115

In his summary, General Ewell says:

"Lieutenant Colonel Andrews, of the Artillery, not fully
recovered from his serious wound at Cedar Run, was again
wounded at Winchester, and while suffering from his
wounds, appeared in the field at Hagerstown and reported
for duty,"

James Owens, who was also wounded at Win-
chester, says that he requested Colonel Andrews
to procure his discharge from the hospital that
he might rejoin the command; that Colonel
Andrews after some remonstrance consented and
that they went together to Hagerstown where
they met Latimer with his one arm and heard
from him an account of the action of the bat-
talion at Gettysburg.

Mr. D. Ridgely Howard, who was in William
Murray's Company of Infantry under Lieuten-
ant-Colonel James R. Herbert, said that he never
saw a more beautiful sight than Andrews' Bat-
talion going into action at Gettysburg. He said:
"Latimer took them in at a gallop and began
firing almost before the horses were out. I
remember it well, as we were taken in almost
immediately afterwards." The gallant Latimer
died a few weeks afterwards. He was a graduate
of the Virginia Military Institute and was known

ii6 RICHARD SNOIVDEN ANDREWS

in his short but brilliant career as the "boy
major ;" he would probably have lived except for
his rooted aversion to falling into the hands of
the enemy, which induced him to force his jour-
ney to Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he now lies
buried. One of his relatives received this from
Captain W. F. Dement:

"I was with Major Latimer on the field of
Gettysburg, assisted in taking him from under
his horse (which was killed at the time he was
wounded) and carried him from the field. His
bearing during the day was most gallant, show-
ing the greatest coolness and bravery, under the
most trying circumstances. While under his
horse he continued to give orders and seemed to
think only of his command. The Confederacy
has sustained a great loss in his early death, this
battalion an officer whose place it will not be easy
to supply and the officers a friend and comman-
der wdiose loss they deeply regret."

Colonel Andrews' official report of the opera-
tions of Andrews' Battalion at Gettysburg fol-
lows :

A MEMOIR 117

Headquarters Andrews' Artillery Battalion,
Near Liberty Mills,

August 5th, 1863.
Col.:—

I have the honor to submit the following
report of the movements and operations of this
Battalion, attached to General Edward Johnson's
Division, in the Battle of Gettysburg. On this
occasion this Battalion of Artillery was under
the immediate command of Major J. W. Latimer.

Major Latimer moved this Battalion from its
camp near Chambersburg on the ist July, and
moving along the Chambersburg road appeared
in front of Gettysburg just before dark of the
same day. After dark, being in close proximity
to the enemy, Major Latimer, making a detour
to prevent the enemy from finding out his move-
ments, moved his Battalion to the extreme left
of Gettysburg between the York and Baltimore
roads, facing the Cemetery hills, where the com-
mand was posted, and remained in park until
near 4 o'clock the following day, July 2nd.
Before 4 o'clock Major Latimer had carefully
examined the ground and had selected the only
eligible position in his front. The ground offered
very few advantages and the Major found great

ii8 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

difficulty in sheltering his horses and caissons.
The hill which he selected brought him directly
in front of the wooded mountain and a little to
the left of the Cemetery hills. All the guns,
except two long range guns, had to be crowded
on this small hill which was not in our favor.
About 4 o'clock Major Latimer received orders
from yourself, as well as from General Johnson,
to take position and open on the enemy. Four-
teen (14) Guns of this Batallion were then placed
on this hill above mentioned. The two remain-
ing Guns, 20 pd. Parrotts, were placed on an emi-
nence in rear of the Battalion, with Captain Gra-
ham's Battery. Captain Brown's Battery occu-
pied the right. Captain Carpenter's occupied the
centre, while Captains Dement and Raine — the
latter with one section of his battery — took the
left.

As soon as the Major opened the enemy replied
with a well directed fire from a superior number
of guns, causing many casualties among officers,
men and horses. This unequal contest was sus-
tained both by officers and men with great forti-
tude until near night. The enemy, in the mean-
time, planted some guns on the left, which com-
pletely enfiladed our Batteries, which caused
Captain Carpenter to suffer very severely. By

A MEMOIR 119

this time two of Captain Demerit's pieces had
expended all their ammunition and one caisson
had been blown up. Captain Brown had a piece
disabled and his detachments so reduced that he
could work only two guns and Captain Brown
had been shot down. At this juncture, the enemy
pouring a destructive fire on them, Major Lati-
mer sent his Sergeant Major to General Johnson
to say "that owing to the exhausted state of his
men and ammunition and the severe fire of the
enemy he was unable to hold his position any
longer." General Johnson sent him word "to
withdraw the Battalion, if he thought proper."
Most of the guns were then withdrawn, leaving
four (4) guns on the hill to repel any advance of
the enemy's infantry. Soon after this, Major
Latimer again opened on the enemy with the
four guns left in position to cover the advance
of our Infantry, which drew a terrible fire on
him, and it was here that the accomplished and
gallant Latimer was severely wounded in the
arm, of which wound he has since died. The
command then devolved on Captain Raine, the
senior captain of the Battalion. Night coming
on, Captain Raine, at Major Latimer's sugges-
tion, withdrew the command a short distance
and encamped for the night. The next morning,

120 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

July 3rd, the condition of the Battalion was
reported to you, when Captain Raine received
orders to park near the Ordnance train and to
have his ammunition chests replenished and
await further orders. The same evening Captain
Raine received orders to go to the front, which
order was promptly obeyed. On the 4th, Cap-
tain Raine fell back with his division on the
Cashtown road, where he remained until our
army left the front of Gettysburg. The list of
casualties will show the severity of the conflict
and it is believed we did the enemy infinitely
more damage than we sustained, for they had to
change their position frequently and had to be
relieved by fresh Batteries, while our men stood
unflinchingly to their posts the whole time. I
herewith furnish you a list of casualties in dif-
ferent Batteries.

Casualties in Captain Raine's Battery:
Second Sect. Comd. by Captain Raine — One
(i) man severely wounded and left in the ene-
my's line. Several others very slightly wounded,
but are now doing duty. Three (3) horses killed.
In First Sect., Lieutenant Hardwicke comdg.,
three (3) men severely wounded, axle tree of No.
one (i) gun damaged by a solid shot. The horses

A MEMOIR 121

of this section were taken to the rear and hence
did not suffer.

Casualties in Captain Brown's Battery.

Captain Brown severely wounded; Lieutenant
Roberts severely wounded; 4 men killed and ten
(10) wounded; nine (9) horses killed or perma-
nently disabled.

Casualties in Captain Dement's Battery:

One (i) Corporal killed, four (4) men
wounded, nine horses killed or permanently dis-
abled, one (i) caisson exploded and one disabled.

Casualties in Carpenter's Battery:

One (i) Corporal killed, (4) four men killed,
one (i) Sergeant wounded, one (i) Corporal
wounded, (17) seventeen enlisted men badly
wounded, several others very slightly wounded
— now on duty — (9) nine horses killed or per-
manently disabled.

Summary: One Major severely wounded, one
Captain severely wounded, one Lieutenant
wounded, one non-commissioned officer and nine
men killed, two non-commissioned officers
wounded and (30) thirty men wounded, (30)
thirty horses killed.

Major Latimer informed me that all officers
behaved with great gallantry.

122 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

The Captains report that their officers, non-
commissioned officers and men behaved with
such unparalleled gallantry that they can make
no distinction. I am, Colonel,

Very respectfully your obedient servant,

(Signed) R. Snowden Andrews,
Lieutenant Colonel Commanding Artillery Bat-
talion.

Casualties in Andrews' Artillery Battalion, in Battle of
Gettysburg, Pa., July 2d, 1863.

Major J. W. Latimer, commanding Battalion, arm
amputated.

Raine's Battery (commanded by Captain J. C. Raine) :

Private W. Kinlock, face and breast, and arm amputated ;
Private P. Costello, cheek and shoulder, severe; Private W.
E. Walker, both legs, severe.

Chesapeake Battery (commanded by Captain W. D. Brown) :
Captain W. D. Brown, both legs, severe ; Lieutenant B. J.
Roberts, back and both arms, severe; Sergeant P. Brown,
face and breast, slight ; Corporal D. Dougherty, side and
back, killed ; Private A. J. Bryant, head, killed ; Private F.
Cuipack, head and leg, killed; Private T. Parker, hip and
abdomen, killed; Private P. Oldner, leg, severe; Private H.
Wilson, leg, severe ; Private S. Warnington, face, slight ;
Private J. Lane, head, slight; Private W. Williams, face,
slight.

A MEMOIR 123

First Maryland Battery, (Captain Dement commanding) :

Corporal Samuel Thompson, killed; Private W. H.
Bowen, foot and leg, severe; Private S. Boland, neck and
head, severe; Sergeant Major Frank Bowling, head, slight;
Private R. Glass, nose, slight.

Carpenter's Battery (Captain J. C. Carpenter commanding) :
Corporal F. Nilley, leg, killed; Private M. Clem, killed;
Private A. Ridenon, chest, killed; Private J. Beeler, chest,
killed ; Sergeant R. Montague, breast and abdomen, slight ;
Corporal W. W. Murrill, shoulder, slight ; Private M. D. \V.
Argenbright, leg, severe ; Private W. Baggage, leg and hand,
severe ; Private E. P. Blake, arm, severe ; Private Jno. Cupp,
chest, severe ; Private Jos. Cooley, leg, severe ; Private James
Grady, lumbar region, slight ; Private A. Hoffman, leg,
slight; Private W. Humphries, arm, mortal; Private Geo.
Williams, shoulder, slight; Private M. K. Newcomer, head,
slight; Private Jas. Leopard, leg, slight; Private J. W.
Miller, back and side, slight; Private Thos. Ogden, leg,
severe; Private W. D. Pitzer, hand, slight; Private W. E.
Piper, leg, severe; Private A. Staff, face, slight; Private
McKeman, back, severe; Private Geo. Keeler, face and
breast, slight; Private Chs. Skeen, breast, killed.

Recapitulation :

One Major severely wounded, i Captain severely
wounded, i Lieutenant severely wounded, 3 Corporals killed,
3 Sergeants wounded, i Corporal wounded, 7 Privates killed
and 29 Privates wounded.

CHAPTER VI.

England — France — Germany — Mexico — Conclusion.

The wound received at Winchester, in addition
to the others, left Colonel Andrews unfit for
active service in the field.

This extract from a letter from General W. N.
Pendleton to General Lee will explain the cir-
cumstances:

"Head Quarters Artillery Corps,

Army of Northern Virginia,

November 20, 1863.
General :

In obedience to your instructions, I have carefully recon-
sidered all the recommendations for promotion in the
artillery service with this army, availing myself of the
matured counsels of General Long, Chief of Artillery of
Second Corps and Colonel Walker, Chief of Artillery of
Third Corps, and of General Stuart, for the batteries serving
vy^ith the cavalry, the result I have now the honour to report.

* * * Of the Lieutenant-Colonels, Andrews, a most
gallant and distinguished officer, ought in duty to the cause
and to himself to be relieved from field exposure and
employed in less trying service, that he may recover from
the threatening consequences of a dangerous wound received
at Cedar Run nearly eighteen months ago. He is admirably
adapted to usefulness in the ordnance department, and it is

124

A MEMOIR 125

hoped a position therein may be assigned him, with an
additional grade. Were it really proper for him to remain
in the field, sincerity and merit would together place him
first on our list of Lieutenant-Colonels for promotion."

Andrews' Battalion continued to the end;
Scharf says:

"The remnants of the First Maryland Artillery, and the
Baltimore Light Artillery, like their comrades of the Mary-
land battalion, were also true to the last to the cause they
had espoused. After facing death on many bloody fields,
these brave men now wept like children when they too were
disarmed at Appomattox Court House."'

About this time President Davis requested
General Lee to send two artillery officers abroad
to inspect and purchase guns for the Southern
Army, and Colonel Andrews and his friend and
companion, Colonel Thomas S. Rhett, were
chosen and sent. They ran the blockade from
Wilmington to Nassau, where they took passage
for Europe and spent about a year gathering
information in England, France and Germany.
They had letters, of course, to influential people,
one to Prince Radziwill of Prussia who was very
kind to them.

Colonel Rhett's letters to Colonel I. Gorgas,
Chief of Ordnance, are statistical and technical,
giving descriptions of the arms used by the

126 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

French Army in the most minute detail, with
drawings and measurements (when he could
obtain them) of guns. The letters are dated
from February, 1864, to December, 1864. A few
extracts from these letters will not be out of
place here.

"Paris, March ist, 1864.
Colonel,

I now begin to get into my work and
hope that hereafter my letters will be inter-
esting and useful. I am working up the arms and
accoutrements of the various branches of the
French service. This much is certain, that one
calibre for small arms is used, whether they be
muskets, carbines or pistols ^ ^ ^ 'Phe
Infantry of the line and these alone wear a short
straight sword similar to the West Point "Cheese
Knife" * * * The Cavalry may be divided
into four classes; Cuirassiers, Dragoons, Lancers
and Light Cavalry. * ^k *

"You will permit me now to turn to another
subject. As my inquiries extend my expenses
will increase * * * Please send me a few
thousands. Dr. Darby will talk to you on this
subject for me. I came for work and will not
play. People abuse me, I believe, because I will

A MEMOIR 127

not visit every night and go to dinners and balls;
but such things are not becoming I think in Con-
federates while our brethren are suffering so
much. You may hear of Confederate balls, but
be sure to remember that I have nothing to do
with them. If I think I can gain information by
making acquaintances, I will do so; but mere
gaiety I always despised and certainly this is not
the time to waive my disgust for it."

"Paris, April ist, 1864. * * *

Lieutenant-Colonel Andrews has arrived. If
we can go together to see what is to be seen, of
course our discussions afterwards would be inter-
esting and useful. * * * I go to London
today and must close this for the mail. Doctor
Darby will tell you the circumstances under
which I have determined to go."

The next letter is dated "Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, May 1st, 1864," and describes their visit
to Sir William Armstrong and the Armstrong
guns.

The next, "Berlin, July ist, 1864.

I omitted my usual report on the first of June
because I had just arrived at Berlin, dusty and
fatigued, and really had nothing to say except
that I was here. I brought a letter to Prince

128 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

Radziwill, but his extreme illness at the time pre-
vented his being as prompt as he otherwise would
have been in getting permits for us. After a
delay of nearly three weeks we (Colonel
Andrews and myself) were admitted to the pow-
der factory and foundry at Spandau. * * *
The cannon foundry engaged much of our atten-
tion; indeed we lingered so long that we were
almost driven out by the Commandant, h^ * =h
I have striven hard to get measurements, but so
far without success and so closely is everything
kept that I am not sanguine. I shall continue
my efforts, however. Even the tables of ranges
cannot be bought by anyone but an officer who is
sworn to secrecy, and I believe a careful registr}'
of all officers who purchase is kept. So you per-
ceive the difficulties which lie in my way. Hav-
ing visited Spandau, we proceeded to Schleswig
with letters to the Chief of Staff and Chief
Engineer, hoping that in the field we would have
a better opportunity for seeing, and getting
information from officers. We were very gra-
ciously received by General Moltke's Chief of
Staff and told that we should be able to see but
little unless we were attached to the suite of
Prince F. C.~^ I have returned to Berlin to get

2iPrince Frederick Charles, the great Cavalry leader, known
as the "Red Prince."

A MEMOIR 129

this permission from the King. It has been prom-
ised but not yet received. As soon as I receive
It I will rejoin Colonel Andrews whom I left at
Apenrade about fifteen miles from Diippel. We
will do all that we can and then go to Vienna,
from which place I shall probably write my next
report."

The following telegram was received by Col-
onel Andrews at Apenrade —

"Deutsch-Oesterreichischer Telegraphen-Verein

Monat - 186—

von

Apenrade Randen

Oberst Andrews, Apenrade —
Stadt Hamburg
Welcome in our country. All will be right.
I telegraphed to the Secretary of war.

Scheibert--
Pro-Lieutenant"

22Lieutenant Scheibert served in the Confederate Army and
was for a long time on tlie Staff of General George E. Pickett.
Major Symington who was on Pickett's Stafif knew him and says
he was intensely interested in the Confederacy. He had lost
his left arm and two fingers of his right hand but was so clever
in the use of the remaining three fingers that he could not only
manage a horse but could roll cigarettes with perfect ease.

130 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

While Colonel Rhett was waiting in Berlin for
the King's permission to go with the Prussian
Army, chance threw that privilege into Colonel
Andrews' way.

A Prussian Colonel, Von Mertens, invited him
to dine with some of the Prussian Officers at a
small inn near the village where he was staying.
At the dinner the Prussian Colonel — who was
old enough to be his father — expressed some sur-
prise at so young a man having the rank of Lieu-
tenant-Colonel of Artillery in the Confederate
Army and asked him whether he had "ever been
in any pitched battles?"

''Yes," said Colonel Andrews. "In how
many?" "I really cannot tell," said Colonel
Andrews, "We were fighting almost every day —
I suppose about fifty or sixty." There was an
incredulous silence for some time. At last one
old officer, with a gleam of inspiration in his
eyes said, "Ah, Colonel, you are very fortunate
to have been in sixty battles and escape

He was sent by the Prussian Government to make a study of
the war in the Confederate Army. He remained six months and
was at General Lee's Headquarters at Chancellorville. He
wrote a book called The Civil War in the United States of
America Considered from a Military Point of View, for the
Officers of the Prussian Engineers. The book was translated
into French and English and is reviewed in Southern Historical
Society's papers. Vol. VI., by C. S. Venable.

Facsimile of the Permit.

Translation,

Lieutenant Colonel Andrews in the service of the Confederate
States of North America has permission to be present in the
theatre of the war and to wear the white band.-^

Headquarters, Apenrade, the 5th July 1864.
(Signed) Friedrich Kurth,
Royal General of Cavalry.

Head
Quarters

-^The white band gave the right to pass all sentries unchallenged
and unmolested.

A MEMOIR ' 131

unwounded !" ''I was not so fortunate, Sir; in
fact I received a wound at the battle of Cedar
Run that few men could have survived."

Then after dinner, ColonelAndrews, decidedly
under protest, consented to show his wound to
the Surgeon who raised his hands in horror and
cried, "Lieber Gott! The General must see this!"
And so General von Moltke was brought in and
said it was the worst wound he had ever seen.

Count von Moltke was a most accomplished
linguist but so taciturn that it was said he could
hold his tongue in seven languages. On this
occasion, however, he persuaded the Red Prince
to allow the two Confederate officers to accom-
pany the army; "And," said Colonel Andrews,
"when Rhett came in from Berlin an hour later,
with disappointment in every feature, I was sit-
ting on the verandah smoking a cigar and told
him not to worry as I had obtained the permit.
We all had a glass of wine and a good laugh at
Rhett."

Henderson in his "Short History of Germany,"
(Vol. n, p. 389) says:

"The Army, about 60,000 strong, crossed the
Eider on February ist, 1864. The great events
of the war were the capture of the Danewerk (a
line of fortresses about fifty miles long), the

132 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

storming of the redoubts of Diippel and the
clearing of the Danish Islands."

General von Moltke planned the campaign and
this was the beginning of the policy of the Great
trio, — William of Prussia, Bismarck and von
Moltke, — that ended in the establishment of the
great German Empire.

At the London Conference soon afterwards the
English did all they could in the division of
Schleswig-Holstein to give as much as possible
to Denmark and as little as possible to Prussia.
But Bismarck's diplomacy was triumphant and,
as everyone knows, Schleswig-Holstein is now a
part of the German Empire. Bismarck told the
Schleswig people that they ought to feel so grate-
ful to them for driving the Danes out of the
country that they would be not only willing but
anxious to unite with Prussia forever.

Paris, August 15, 1864.

Colonel I. Gorg-as

fc>"

I have deferred my report
several days expecting to be able to state dis-
tinctly that I had all the information which I
desired concerning the Prussian artillery, &c. I
have now received well nigh all and will get all.

A MEMOIR 133

We thought but little of the Prussian army in
America, it is taking its place in the first rank
in Europe. The only possible way of reaching
what one wishes, is to make the acquaintance of
the officers and interest them in yourself, your
cause and your government and then little by
little you are able to get at it. The inability to
speak German of course very much forced me to
confine my acquaintance to such as speak French
or English, but a great many of them do this. I
hope that all things considered I have not done
badly. * * *

Both Austrians and Prussians use pressed bul-
lets. The former put six cartridges in a small
bundle with eight caps, four of these bundles
enclosed in one are carried in a pocket of the
knapsack. I turn aside to say that knapsacks are
almost universally made of hide tanned with the
hair on. The carbine is by no means universally
used by the cavalry. Throughout the Austrian
service I was told there were but two regiments
which are thus armed. The Hungarian Hussars
carry sabre and pistols only. I observed an excel-
lent way of carrying a day's long forage. A rope
of hay is made and then rolled up very snugly
into two bundles which are suspended from the
pommel by a strap or cord. I suggest that this

134 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

be mentioned, — neither Col. A. nor myself have
ever seen it in our army. At Berlin I saw the
needle gun used, and it certainly is a terrific
weapon. Twenty men, in one minute fired 109
shots, and struck a target seven or eight feet
square at the distance of three hundred paces
103 times. Some of the men fired seven times per
minute and apparently without any hurry, in fact
it is the best marksmen that do this. They prac-
tise much, in every way possible; and special
care is taken to instruct the men to fire with
deliberation and save ammunition. It never
fouls and is light and easily comprehended by the
soldiers. I urged the objection that too much
ammunition would be expended, but they replied,
"If you destroy your enemy in twenty minutes,
it is impossible that a battle should last several
days." The cannoneer carries only a short
sword, more for general use I should say than for
fighting. He is thus taught to fight his gun to
the last moment. We were most delightfully
received by the officers of the Prussian Army
who, almost to a man, sympathise with us
warmly. No Yankee officer has seen or could
see the half of what we have. We were presented
to Prince Frederick Charles and introduced to
several generals, with one of whom we dined

A MEMOIR 135

three times. He took occasion to express his
highest admiration for our gallant deeds and
skilful generals and his wonder at our ability to
supply arms, &c., &c., to our large armies. He
said their whole army was with us and that there
could be no doubt of our ultimate success and
future greatness. In Berlin upon my return from
Jutland I was introduced to the mess of the Alex-
ander Regiment of Guards and dined and carried
about to my heart's content, obtaining also a
good deal of information. We met Lieutenant
Sheibert of the Prussian Engineers who spent
several months with our army. He was exceed-
ingly kind in every way and talks of us as if he
were indeed one of us. His admiration for Gen-
eral Lee is unbounded. Upon his return he
delivered before their military club of which the
King is President, several discourses upon our
struggle and correcting many false impressions.^^
He is to send me books for Colonel Talcott and
Dr. Gild, also letters for General Lee and Major
von Borcke"^ and others. I was exceedingly sorr)^

24At the conclusion of these lectures the audience, consisting
almost entirely of German officers, rose and gave three cheers
for General Lee.

25Heros von Borcke served in the Confederate Army; he was
on General J. E. B. Stuart's Staff and was badly wounded in
the throat. He afterwards served in the Franco-Prussian war

136 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

to see the order for the return of Lieutenant Col-
onel Andrews and hope yet that he will be
allowed to remain with me. During my visit to
Prussia I may say he was indispensable. Upon
inquiry he tells me Charriere has not yet been
successful in supplying him with a truss which
gives him relief and under the terms of the order,
he proposes to remain still longer, hoping mean-
time that its withdrawal will enable him still to
be my associate.

Very respectfully,

(Signed) T. S. Rhett.

on the staff of Prince Frederick Charles. About twenty years
after the Confederate war he visited the United States and
while in Baltimore was a guest of Major W. Stuart Symington
to whom he told this anecdote: "Prince Frederick Charles once
visited me at my home and there saw on the wall his own por-
trait and underneath it a portrait of General J. E. B. Stuart.
After looking at them he turned to me and said, "von Borcke, I
am going to ask a favour of you: I want you to change the
position of these portraits and put General Stuart on top: any-
thing I may know about cavalry I learnt from him."

Von Borcke afterwards wrote a book called "Twenty Years
After." He belonged to a German family of great antiquity: in
fact there is a German saying, "Old as von Borcke or the Devil."

Colonel T. S. RHETT.

Confederate States Artillery.

From a photograph taken in Berlin, 1864.

A MEMOIR 137

Paris, October ist, 1864.
Colonel I. Gorgas,

Chief of Ordnance.
Colonel:

I am glad to say that at last the instruments
for inspecting guns, &c., [are ready] at least so
I am informed, and I shall go at once to England
to examine them and write you the method of
using such as are peculiar. Of course I am morti-
fied that they have taken so long at E. to make
them, but it is impossible to hurry these people
much and the truth is that some of the instru-
ments require much time. They are no doubt as
perfect as it is possible to make them. I propose
to remain but a very short time and then will
hurry to Vienna, being now supplied with some
letters, which will open many doors to me. * *
Some time ago I suggested that you should order
if possible a few forty pounders. Colonel
Andrews has partially succeeded in inducing a
gentleman here to send a couple on to you. Per-
haps if you would express some anxiety on the
subject, it would assist him and you would get
what I esteem to be the best gun of its calibre in
the world.

Very respectfully,

(Signed) T. S. Rhett.

138 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

Antwerp, November ist, 1864.

Colonel I. Gorgas,

Chief of Ordnance.

Colonel:

You will perhaps be surprised to see that I am
at Antwerp, after reading my last, for indeed I
expected to be in Vienna. I am, however, on my
way to V. * ''' * At Elswick they are mak-
ing iron carriages, for sea-coast, naval and field
guns, it is only an experiment as yet, but iron
constructions are so well understood at E. that
I have little doubt of their success. The field
carriages now used are not liked by them and
such is their influence, that I expect a few years
will find the English army and navy fully sup-
plied with iron carriages from this establishment.
* * >k You will be glad to hear that Lieuten-
ant Colonel Andrews has succeeded in getting
two forty pounders; they will soon be ready. I
wish they were already at W., for which place
they are destined.

Very respectfully,

(Signed) T. S. Rhett.

A MEMOIR 139

Vienna, December ist, 1864.
Colonel I. Gorgas,

Chief of Ordnance.
Colonel:

On my way to this city from Antwerp I met
Lieutenant Colonel A. by appointment at Stras-
bourg. We had the good fortune to get into
the arsenal and workshops. It is quite certain
that as yet the French have not adopted any field
gun which differs from that used during the
Italian War, and though still experimenting they
have been unable to find a better. * '^ * At
Mayence we saw nothing worth recording and
merely got letters for a distinguished retired
officer of artillery, but unfortunately he is absent
from Vienna. I take this occasion to speak of the
attentions of General Williams without whom
I fear we could have done nothing. He knows
prominent men and does not hesitate to use the
influence which he has with them. I hope you
will speak of this, for if he desires a position in
E. after the war, he certainly deserves one and
so far as I can judge is eminently fitted for it. I
have seen him but once, but I never will forget
his earnestness to assist us so far as in him lay.
Never having received a word of disapprobation

140 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

I was greatly surprised at your order to return.
As I had just got into the work here, I thought
it best to remain a few days in order to finish it.

I return to Paris soon and will settle with

for the instruments and copy my papers and then
return home. I have succeeded in getting a few
books on the subject of guns and cotton and have
had much conversation with the persons engaged
in the manufacture of the latter. It receives
much opposition but will work its way up. * '''

Early in the Spring of 1865 Colonel Rhett and
Colonel Andrews returned to America to report
the result of their investigation. They bought
some Armstrong guns and ammunition with
which Colonel Andrews embarked in a vessel
called the "Louisa-Ann-Fanny," an ingenious
device by which he escaped detection, running
up the flag of the ''Louisa," or the "Ann," or the
"Fanny," in turn. Arriving at Cuba, he heard
of General Lee's surrender and at once sent the
guns back to England to be sold, and returned
the proceeds to those who had supplied the
money.

Colonel Andrews declared that he would never
return to the United States, and determined to
set out at once for Mexico. Having sent his last

A MEMOIR 141

pay to his wife at Versailles he had no money;
but a comrade named Craig* insisted on paying
his way, saying he had enough for both, and
went with him to the City of Mexico. Here Col-
onel Talcott gave him some engineering work in
the Imperial and Mexican Railway.

The country through which this railway ran
was infested by a band of brigands who commit-
ted many depredations upon the helpless inhab-
itants and were a great menace to the public
safety. Colonel Andrews with a Captain Hill,
who afterwards visited Baltimore, formed a com-
pany of old Confederates and proceeded against
the brigands, broke up their strongholds in the
mountains and destroyed or dispersed the whole
band, ridding the country entirely of the pest.

A short while after this he secured a contract
to build the new Station at Orizaba for the Vera
Cruz and City of Mexico Railway — a work of
such importance that he established a home at
Orizaba and sent for his family, who joined him
in February, 1866. The downfall of Maximilian
put a complete stop to all work on the railways
as the country was in the grasp of revolutionists
and there was no money nor credit, and so he
returned to the United States, though his friends
say he never took the oath of allegiance.

142 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

After his return to Baltimore, in 1867, he
became interested in the Westham Granite Com-
pany of Richmond, of which he later became
president. This company furnished stone for the
State, War and Navy Buildings in Washington,
the Western Union Building in New York, and
the Chamber of Commerce and the Hopkins
Place Savings Bank in Baltimore.

He served, from 1876 until 1887, as Brigadier
General and Chief of Artillery on the staff of
four Governors of Maryland — Carroll, Hamilton,
McLane and Lloyd — and hence his rank of Gen-
eral. In 1877 he again went into active service,
commanding the State Artillery in the great Bal-
timore and Ohio Railroad riots. Other old Con-
federate officers joined him, amongst them John
Donnell Smith, William Wirt Robinson, Carvel
Hall, and Lieutenant John Gale of his old Battal-
ion. The non-commissioned officers and men
were principally prominent young men of Balti-
more— Warfield Theobald, William Moale,
Horace White, J. H. Ferguson, William Norris,
Frederick von Kapff and many others.

J. W. Owens again reported for duty and
raised a company for a battery under his old
commander R. S. Andrews. Colonel T. S. Rhett
also relapsed into his old habits and took an

A MEMOIR 143

active part in organizing and drilling the artil-
lery of the State in case of any lasting trouble
with the strikers.

Colonel Rhett was a graduate of West Point.
After the war he was always of a most serious
and religious turn of mind and devoted to the
Church. One of his letters in which he "despises
mere gaiety" causes those who knew him at this
time no surprise. Yet in drilling the recruits dur-
ing the riots in 1877 the vocabulary of his earlier
days is said to have returned in all its original
exuberance, surpassing in its caustic force any
previous experience of its astounded victims.
Their services were not needed, but General
Andrews said he had a battery that was ready
for anything.

About this time General Andrews used to
make frequent visits to Florida in order to look
after the interests of some property he had inher-
ited from his uncle, Colonel George Andrews,
who liked Florida so much that he bought land
there, in different parts of the State, including
the site of the town of New Smyrna, a settlement
on the coast of Greeks and Minorcans that had
been three times destroyed by the Indians. The
only survivor of one of these massacres was a
little girl who escaped by hiding under the house.

144 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

She visited Baltimore about thirty years ago, a
strikingly handsome and entertaining lady, who
showed no signs of the horrible experience of her
childhood.

General Andrews had an agent in New
Smyrna, an old Confederate soldier named Fox,
who had only a small fraction of a lung and found
the climate agreeable. His troubles were many
in protecting the land against thieves and squat-
ters. His letters were models of vigorous
phraseology. In one, after reciting the difficul-
ties of his task, he said, "So you see, my dear
General, that I am surrounded by a set of cow-
ardly thieves who do not dare to face me in the
field, but the moment my back is turned, trespass
and steal, and without any law that will reach
them. I am like a cat in hell without claws, and
remain,

Yours respectfully,

J. M. Fox."

General Andrews was fond of all outdoor
sports, especially fox hunting and horse racing.
He loved music and in his youth played the violin.
He was about five feet eight inches tall, and after
the age of fifty became very heavy. The frontis-

A MEMOIR 145

piece portrait is to a certain extent an anachron-
ism; for when he wore the Confederate uniform
he weighed only one hundred and thirty pounds.
He had excellent health and great physical
strength to the very last, though he could not
walk far on account of his great weight for fear
of a fresh rupture of his wound. His colouring
was very rich, a ruddy complexion, dark hair and
eyelashes; his eyes were large and of brilliant
blue; he had excellent sight and was a very good
shot, frequently even in later life going to the
ducking shores and bringing home canvas-back
and red-head ducks.

His manner like his whole nature was most
courteous; and he had a fascinating habit of giv-
ing his entire and undivided attention to anyone
conversing with him. His expression was
straightforward and fearless, without a vestige
of guile. In his general appearance he bore a
remarkable resemblance to the late King of Eng-
land, Edward the Seventh.

He was a good natured and charming com-
panion at all times; and at a dinner party his
frank and simple manner put everyone at ease.

He was very determined, and intolerant of
insurbordination or even opposition; to his ene-
mies unrelenting and equally stubborn in his

146 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

loyalty to his friends. He took the greatest
delight in helping those in need. One tottering
old soldier at the Confederate Home at Pikesville
said just a few days ago: "I was in Colonel
Andrews' Battery and he was the best friend I
had; when I came to Baltimore after the war he
gave me work; just before a fight I heard General
Lee say, 'Where is Major Andrews?' 'Here, Gen-
eral.' 'Ah!' said General Lee, 'At your post, sir,
as usual.' "

It is not necessary to analyse the particular
nature of his courage which was never ques-
tioned; that it was satisfactory to Lee and Jack-
son is sufficient; but it is interesting to receive
the testimony of one of his comrades, who served
in the Maryland Line from the beginning to the
end of the war, that in all his experience he had
never seen a man who was "so utterly lacking
in any knowledge of fear or showed such undis-
guised delight at any prospect of a battle as
Snowden Andrews." It would be foolish to deny
that when aroused he was almost ungovernable:
"Paint me as I am," said Cromwell to Lely, "or
I will not pay you a penny!"

On one occasion when he was very much
absorbed at his desk a man called and insisted on
interrupting him, though he had been told that

A MEMOIR 147

General Andrews was busy. Finally he forced
his way into the office, when General Andrews,
without looking up from his desk said, "Sir, if
you don't go out of the door at once, I'll throw
you out of the window," which, upon receiving
an impertinent answer, he proceeded to do; but
a gigantic contractor, who was waiting for
orders, prevented the tragedy. A suit for assault
and battery followed, and at the trial the con-
tractor was the only witness: Judge Gilmor,
wishing to make light of the offence, said to the
witness, "I suppose, of course. General Andrews
was only jesting and did not really intend to
throw him out of the window." "Indeed he did,
Sir;" was the ingenuous reply, "he had him half
way out when I came in and stopped him!"

Only a few years ago, in a crowded street car
in New York, a friend saw General Andrews get
up from his seat to give it to a lady when a man
promptly took the seat. "I gave my seat to this
lady," said General Andrews, when the fellow,
with an impudent sneer said, "You must be from
the country." Shaking his finger in the man's
face. General Andrews said, "Sir, I come from a
country where they'd cut your ears off for a
thing like this; and if you — " but nothing more
was necessary and the lady took the seat.

148 RICHARD SNOW DEN ANDREWS

Jefferson Davis, President of the Southern
Confederacy, in answer to a letter from the
writer of Scharf's History,"*^ said:

Memphis, August 28th, 1873.

Colonel J. Thomas Scharf,

Baltimore, Md.
Dear Sir,

Yours of the 22nd inst. received and I am glad to know
that you are about to make a durable record of the services
of the Baltimoreans in the great struggle for States' rights
and the preservation of Constitutional Government. The
world will accord to them peculiar credit, as it has always
done to those who leave their hearthstones to fight for
principle in the land of others. I am glad that your old
Commander, so distinguished for skill and gallantry, sur-
vives to bear testimony to the individual merit of the mem-
bers of his Company.

Wishing you long hfe, prosperity and happiness, I remain,
Very respectfully and truly yours,

Jefferson Davis.

The following extracts will show how he was
regarded by his friend and companion in arms,
General Bradley T. Johnson:

"I wrote Colonel Andrews enclosing a letter to
you, asking you to prepare a Memoir of the Col-

soScharf's Maryland, vol. Ill, p. 644.

A MEMOIR 149

onel's war service to be published in the Confed-
erate War Series at Atlanta, Georgia. I am par-
ticularly anxious for this for he was the very best
soldier Maryland produced — bar none — and the
State and his grandchildren are entitled to a
record of his service."^ * * *

''The reputation the old man won is the most
valuable thing his posterity wnll have these ten
generations ahead. He was the best soldier of
us all — regular or militia * * * and this gen-
eration does not know it. No man had a better,
I do not recall one who had as good a reputation
in the Army of Northern Virginia, for intelli-
gence and brilliant skill in handling his weapon
as Snowden Andrews. At Cedar Run, August
9, 1862, he charged infantry with his Battery and
drove it back. I know of no such incident in war.
At Stevenson's depot he held back the whole of
Milroy's retreating army.-^ * * *

* * * "Taking him all in all, I think he
was the very best Artillery Commander in the
Army of Northern Virginia; not courage so
much but sense for battle and genius for war.
Under Napoleon I, he would have been Field
Marshal; and under any other system than

26Letter, Sept. i, 1897, B. T. Johnson to Tunstall Smith.
2'i'Letter, Sept. 15, 1897, B. T. Johnson to Tunstall Smith.

150 RICHARD SNOWDEN ANDREWS

Davis's would have been Brigadier General of
Artillery. But he came from Maryland, and
Maryland had more than her share of General
Officers.-^ He * *

His indomitable will pulled him out of the very
jaws of death. It was well said that there was
not enough of his body left to hold his heart, for
it was a lion's heart, big, brave, deep and strong,
and full of manly feelings, of devotion to honor,
duty, of love to friends, of truth, of justice and
of right.

Not Roland at Roncesvalles, not Bayard nor
Coeur de Lion ever bore braver fronts, more
loving hearts, more faithful spirits, than these
typical Marylanders. The roll of Marylanders
who served in the army of the Confederate States
must end somewhere, and Snowden Andrews is
a fit man for the finis. ^^

28Letter, Nov. 30, B. T. Johnson to Tunstall Smith.
29From the last chapter of General Johnson's Marylanders in
the Confederacy.

A MEMOIR 151

Richard Snowden Andrews married on Decem-
ber i8th, 1855, Mary Catharine Lee, daughter of
Josiah Lee, a leading Baltimore banker, whose
wife was a daughter of Hon. Charles Smith
Sewell, a member of the Twenty-seventh Con-
gress from Maryland. Children: Louisa Lee
(Mrs. Henry Bacon, of England); Charles Lee,
of New York; Emily Rosalie (who married Tun-
stall Smith); Carolyn Snowden (Mrs. Gibson
Fahnestock, of New York), and George Snow-
den.

He died at his home in Baltimore, January 6,
1903. The funeral services were held in Emman-
uel Protestant Episcopal Church by the Rev. J.
Houston Eccleston, D. D., rector.

S ^'"^^

-x