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■: PUBLISHED BY JONES a COOK .RICHK'iOND V/\ 



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RICHMOND 



ManufacluringatjdTrading Centre; 



INCLUDING A 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE CIT!, 



E,. j^. bE/OCk:, esq,. 



Corresponding Sec'y Virginia Historical Society. 



RICHMOND, VA.: 

PUBLISHED BY JONES & COOK, 
I 880. 



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HISTORICAL SKETCH 



Richmond, Virginia. 



Richmond, the metropolis of Virginia, the capital of the State, late the 
seat of government of the ill-starred Confederate States, and the seat of 
justice of Henrico county, vies, in the social attractions which it offers ; 
in objects of interest; in historical reminiscences; in the natural beauty of 
its situation and surroundings; in its healthful and manufacturing advan- 
tages, with any city in our Union. It is located on the north side of the 
James, at and around the falls, at the head of tide-water — about lOo miles 
by the course of the river and 74 in an air-line from Hampton Roads, 
which may be regarded as an arm of the sea. Allowing 10 miles from 
the mouth of James river to Old Point Comfort, and 20 miles from the 
latter point to the Capes, the total distance of Richmond from the sea can 
hardly exceed 130 miles. The river is navigable to Richmond for vessels 
drawing fourteen and a half feet of water. 

Its Altitude above Sea level 

varies from 20t"i feet — a point at the intersection of Main and 17th streets, 
to 1 88 A feet, which is the heighth on 5th, between Main and Franklin 
streets, on Shockoe hill. The highest point on Church hill — at the inter- 
section of Grace and 27th streets — is 161 A feet. The city has thus far 
enjoyed an immunity from Yellow fever visitation, a blessing probably 
due in a great measure to its location, as well as ample sewerage, which is 
rendered the more effective by natural drainage advantages. 

The Latitude 

of Richmond is 37° 32' 17" north, and the longitude 77° 27' 28" west 
The distance by rail to Washington is 130, and to Baltimore 168 miles. 
The city has often been poetically designated as "the city of the seven 



4 Historical Sketch 

hills," a term more applicable to the past than the present, since some ten 
or more prominent eminences are now included within its limits, the most 
considerable of which are Richmond or Church, and Shockoe hills. To- 
pographically, the city is divided into two principal sections, viz: the 
lower and older located with reference to commerce and manufactures ; 
and the upper, for residences and suburban extension. The streets chiefly 
intersect each other at right angles, and abound with shade trees. Those 
running east and west were originally designated by the letters of the al- 
alphabet — A, being that nearest to the river. Those running north and 
south are still known by the original numbering, now extending from ist 
to 32nd, and westerly nearly one mile — which latter portion of the city 
contains some of the most elegant private residences. 

The principal thoroughfares of business are Main, Broad and Gary 
streets, which are parallel with the river. 

Early History. 

Immediately after the selection of Jamestown as the seat of the new 
colony of Virginia, " Newport, Smith and twentie others were sent to dis- 
cover the head of the river." On May 21st, 1607, they visited a point 
now known as Powhatan, an ancient seat of the Indian potentate of that 
name, just below the present city of Richmond and near the wharves of 
the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad. This was thirteen years prior to the 
landing of the pilgrim fathers on Plymouth rock. In 1609, at a time when 
the colony at Jamestown were suffering for provisions, Capt. John Smith, 
then president of the colony, sent Master West (Capt. Francis) in search of 
food, who having proceeded up the river as far as the Falls, returned, hav- 
ing "found nothing edible but acorns." The same year West was sent 
with a colony of 120 men who settled just below the Falls, where Rocketts 
(so called from one Richard Rockett, who had a ferry here as early as 
1730,) now is. The place was then known as "West's Setdement," but, 
being subject to inundation, an effort was made to locate at the residence 
of Powhatan, already mentioned, about a mile further down the river. 
The settlers, however, not liking the plan mentioned. Smith landed among 
them with a force of six men and succeeded in capturing the ringleaders, 
but being outnumbered was forced to retire to his boats in the river. No 
sooner had he sailed than a party of hostile Indians attacked the settle- 
ment, and slew a number of West's people, which made them willing to 
submit to the authority of Smith, who, landing, established the remnant 
of the settlers in a fort at Powhatan — from the remarkable beauty of the 
place they called it " Nonsuch." After the departure of Smith for James- 
town, however, discontent re-arose, and the result was that " Nonsuch" 



OF Richmond, Va. 5 

was abandoned and the setUers returned to the Falls. In 1644-5, ^ft^r the 
Indian disasters of the colony, its " fforte Charles " was here erected. 

In 1656 the Colonial Rangers, under Col. Edward Hill, and the friendly 
Indians, under Totopotomoi, the Paniunkey Chief, suffered defeat at the 
hands of the " Richahicrian Indians from the mountains," at a point in the 
eastern limits of Richmond, known as Bloody Run spring. So many 
were slain (Totopotomoi being among them) that the tradition is that the 
streamlet from the spring ran with blood. Such was the indignation 
against Hill that he was disfranchised by the Assembly. 

In March, 1676, war was declared against the Indians — 500 men were 
ordered to the frontier and eight forts garrisoned. A garrison of 55 men 
from James City county were placed in the fort at the Falls, under the 
command of Col. Edward Ramsay. The same year, a party of Indians 
driven from the Potomac by the colonists " took their route over the head 
of that river, and thence over the heads of Rappahannock and York 
rivers," until they came to Mr. Bacon's plantation or "quarters" as they 
were called, where they slew his overseer, whom he much loved, and one 
of his servants, whose blood he vowed to avenge if possible. The name 
Bacon Quarter branch survives to this day in a litde streamlet which flows 
through the northern limits of Richmond and empties into Shockoe creek. 
On 15th March, 1675-6, Colonel William Byrd, the first of the name and 
title in Virginia, was granted 7,351 acres of land, "beginning at the mouth 
of Shoccoe's creek " and extending up James river several miles, in con- 
sideration of the introduction into the colony of 122 persons (known as 
"transports") and sundry negro slaves. In 1679 he obtained certain privi- 
leges from the Assembly, upon the condition that he should settle 50 able 
bodied and well armed men in the vicinity of the Falls, in order to protect 
the frontier from the savages. Here he also established a trading port. 
He obtained also, in 16S7, a patent of 956 acres, on the east side of the 
creek, at its mouth and extending up it, and down the line of the river. 

On a part of the latter grant, Richmond first sprung up, and subse- 
quently spread over a portion of the larger grant, west of Shockoe creek. 
According to the "Westover Papers" of Colonel Wm. Byrd, the second 
of the name and title, the following was the origin of Richmond: "Sept. 
19, 1733, when wc got home, we laid the foundation of two large cities, 
one at Shacco's to be called Richmond, and the other at the falls of Appo- 
mattox river to be named Petersburg." 

Col. Byrd had at this time tobacco warehouses located at about where 
the Exchange hotel now stands, and the setdement was known as "Byrd's 
Warehouse." Belvidere, one of his residences, was on the hill beyond 
the site of the State Penitentiary. The name is preserved in that of one 
of the streets of the city. 



6 Historical Sketch 

Richmond was laid off by Major Wm. Ma)-o, for Col. Byrd, in April 
1737, in a paraIleloq;ram of thirty-two squares — four in width and eight in 
length — each square being equally cli\i(Icd into four lots. There were 
besides, laid off adjacend)-, a number ol' lots ^•al■yirig in area from eight to 
fifteen acres. The rcscmljlancc nl the site to Richniond-on-the-Thames 
in England, is said to have suggested the name Richmond. It was estab- 
lished as a town by Act of Assembly, in Ma\-, 1742. The price of a town 
lot conveyed to Edward Abbot, Feb'y 8, 1743. was £■] Virginia currency. 
In 1757, Richmond was enlarged by the laying off by Col. Wm. Byrd> 
the third of the name and title, and son of the founder, of a large number 
of lots which he disposed of by a scheme of lottery. 

In 1779, the seat of government was removed from Williamsburg to 
Richmond, and the addition to its limits of one hundred acres or two 
hundred lots authorized. The buildings of the town at this time scarce 
afforded necessary accommodations for the officers of government, and the 
number of inhabitants was only about 700. In 17S0, "an act for locating 
the public squares, to enlarge the town, and for other purposes," locates 
the capitol, halls of justice, state-house for executive boards, and a house 
for the governor on Shockoe hill, and a public market below the hill on 
the same side of the creek. This is now known as the ist or Old market; 
the 2nd or New market was opened January 15, 1817. "Thomas Jefferson, 
Archibald Cary, Robert Carter Nicholas, Richard Adams, Edmund Ran- 
dolph, Turner Southall, Robert Goode, James Buchanan and Samuel Du 
Vail, Esquires, were appointed to lay off in such form and of such dimen- 
sions as shall be convenient and requisite." The foundation of the capitol 
was laid August 18th, 1785, with Masonic ceremonies. The model, pro- 
cured by Jefferson, was after a celebrated P oman structure, the Maison 
Carree, at Nismes, France, which he considered " one of the most beauti- 
ful, if not the most beautiful and precious morsel of architecture left us by 
antiquity * * * very simple, but noble beyond expression." Unfor- 
tunately the ill-judgment of the architect, one John Dobie, and considera- 
tions of economy were allowed to modify parts of the chaste design, re- 
sulting in a far differendy appearing structure, which was completed in 
1792. The lots comprised in the public square were acquired by condem- 
nation and purchase. Richmond was incorporated as a city in 1782, and 
in July of that year was divided into four wards, and its lots, improved 
and unimproved, listed and their values assessed From this assessment 
it appears to have made but small progress in population and importance. 
There were only one hundred improved lots. The value of pri\-atc jirop- 
ert}' was £^i\,^i,b, upon which the tax was £\\b 7s 5d; and of "Public 
Escheated Property" ^1.319, upon which the tax was ^13 iis 6(1 ; mak- 
ing a total valuation of £\i,%b^, and of tax ;^129 iSs iid: which, ren- 



OF Richmond, Va. 7 

T.to dollars at $3-33^4 to the £ Virginia currency (the standard 
would be respectively $43,833.3334 and $433.15. The number of 
ants according to a census taken was 563 whites, 425 slaves, and 43 
of color, — total 103 1. In 17S1 Richmond was invaded by the 
' under Benedict Arnold, who burned a number of public and pri- 
lildings and a large quantity of tobacco. He had previously de- 
the chief portion of the records of Henrico county, the seat of 
I ras then at Varina, known during our late war as Aikin's Landing, 
= )ted as the point at which the exchange of prisoners was effected. 
I/89 the number of houses in Richmond had increased to three hun- 
d, aid the population to about 2000. A destructive fire occurred Jan- 
»ry 8, 1787. Between 40 and 50 dwellings and stores, with Byrd's ware- 
ouse containing 70 hogsheads of tobacco, were, consumed. 








Population. 






growth of the 


city will ; 


appear 


from the following 


census retu 


In 1800, 


5,730 




In 1850, 




27.550 


" 1810, 


9.785 




" i860, 




37.910 


" 1820, 


1 2,607 




" 1870, 




51,000 


" 1830, 


16,060 




" 1878, 




79,000 


" 1840, 


21,053 











Richmond is famed for the cultivation and refinement of its society, and 
nowhere in the world are the rites of hospitality more cordially and gen- 
erously dispensed. Probably in no city of like population in the United 
States, during the last decades of the past, and the first three or four of 
the present century, was there a larger proportionate representation of 
citizens of intellectual prominence and station — State and National — 
whose whilom residences are still pointed out as objects of interest. 

The city was first supplied with water by mains and public reservoir, 
drawing from James river, in December 1831, when the Water Works 
which had been commenced in the summer of 1830, were completed. 
The water is pure, soft and healthful. Gas was introduced in 1851, the 
streets being first lighted with it on the night of the 22nd February of 
that year. 

The Climate 

of Richmond is mild and healthy, it being above the line of malaria in 
the lower country, and below the winter rigor of the mountains beyond. 
The average temperature for 1877 and 1878, during each month was as 
follows : 



Historical Sketch 





1878. 1877. 


187S, 


1877. 


January, 


35° 27° 


July, 77° 


79° 


February, 36 35 


August, 77 


75 


March, 


4S 35 


September, 68 


66 


April, 


57 53 


October, 54 


58 


May, 


62 60 


November, 43 


47 


June, 


70 75 


December, 34 


44 




State Assessments for 1878. 




Value of real estate, 


$28, 


,018,156 


" 


personal property, 


7) 


,421,854 


" " 


income. 


I 


,220,556 






$36,660,566 



The city, despite the unparalleled season of prostration of mercantile 
and manufacturing interests through which we have been passing, has 
taken no step backward, which is evidenced by the fact that in 1878, there 
were erected in Richmond, 179 brick and 84 framed buildings, and 34 
additional were enlarged— the total cost of which was $360,000. With 
the present assurances of a speedy restoration of general prosperity and 
of confidence, there can be no doubt but that the improvements for the 
ensuing year will be manifold in advance of those of any preceding, in 
the history of the city — to include, it is promised, a variety of extensive 
manufactories. 

Richmond Commerce 

is steadily recovering from the effects of its nearly total suspension from 
1861 to 1865. During the year 1878, the harbor-master reported the ar- 
rival of 839 sailing vessels and 590 steamers, with a total tonnage of 
695,000 tons, being about 2 tV per cent, increase over 1877. This aggre- 
gate includes 191,333 barrels of flour for Brazil — an increase of 32 per 
cent, over the shipments of 1877. Regular lines of steamers ply between 
Richmond and the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Nor- 
folk. There is an extensive trade with the West Indies and South Amer- 
ica — the return cargoes being respectively sugar and coffee. Prominent 
in this trade is the staunch firm of Davenport & Morris. 

Manufactures. 

The fine water power of the James river falls marks Richmond as a 
place of manufacturing importance. The elevation of the first level of 
the James River and Kanawha canal is 81 feet above mean tide, in or be- 




Washington Monument. 



OF Richmond, Va. 9 

low its ship lock. At several points below the level of this feeder, and 
along the rapids, an abundant water supply is drawn off for the City 
Water Works, and many manufacturing establishments upon both banks 
of the river, including the Gallego, Haxall-Crenshaw, Manchester (Dunlop 
& McCance), City (Walker & Saunders), and other flouring mills, the 
Tredegar Iron Works, noted for the manufacture of Confederate arma- 
ment during the late war, the Iron Works of J. R.Johnson & Co., the 
Old Dominion Iron and Nail Works on Belle Island, upon which Federal 
prisoners were confined during the late war, the Franklin and the Man- 
chester Paper Mills, the Marshall and the Old Dominion Cotton Mills, 
and the Richmond Cedar Works. 

In addition to those operated by water power, there are a large num- r 
ber of iron works, foundries and factories operated by steam. Prominent 
among them are the Vulcan Works, for the manufacture of Nuts and 
Bolts ; the Metropolitan Works, W. E. Tanner & Co. ; the Shockoe Works, 
Talbott & Sons; the works of Ettenger & Edmond; and the Richmond 
Iron Works, Jos. Hall & Co.; H. M. Smith & Co., Agricultural Imple- 
ments; and J. W. Randolph & English, Paper Box Manufacturers. 

The central position geographically of Richmond, its intermediate rela- 
tions between the sections of our Union, and the various attractions with 
which it is invested, promise that universal popularity and degree of im- 
portance as a trading and manufacturing centre that is scarce offered by 
another city of our Union. 

The James River and Kanawha canal will soon be replaced by a rail- 
way, when the m.agnificent mineral resources of the James River valley 
will be opened up to the world. The completion of this railroad will 
hasten the deepening of the James River from Richmond to Hampton 
Roads, and this will practically bring the ocean to Richmond. It will, 
also, render the water of the canal wholly available for water power. 
With such advantages, it is easy to foresee the investment of large 
amounts of money in extending the manufactures for which Richmond 
is now so jusdy noted. 

Tobacco. 

Among the more important industries of Richmond, the Tobacco man- 
ufacture appears to be of special interest to strangers, who seldom omit to 
visit the warehouses and factories. The operatives in the last are chiefly 
negroes, who as a race appear to have a natural gift of song. The melo- 
dies with which they enliven their labors possess a wierd charm for the 
listener. In December, 1877, there were 79 separate establishments in 
operation connected with this trade, and which employed 5,868 hands. 
The annual Trade Review {Dispatch Jan'y i, 1878), after referring to the 



10 Historical Sketch 

depression in the tobacco and iron markets, adds: "Many of our manu- 
lacturers show a largely improved business, notably in agricultural imple- 
ments, bricks and other builders' materials, leather goods, flour, fertilizers, 
and all kinds of small wares, while nearly looo more hands have been 
employed than in 1S76." Duriiii;- tluj year 1S7S, there were sold and 
delivered of inspected tobacco at Richmond, 39,637 hogsheads, and 
6,325,190 lbs. of loose toliacco. The following is a statement of the man- 
ufactured tobacco, cigars and cigaretles, shijjpcd during the same period 
from the Third internal revenue district, upon which no tax is paid here : 

Tobacco, 3,794,4153^ lbs. 

Cigars, . 363,000 

Cigarettes, ...... 6,030,000 

The following tax was collected during 1S78 : 

On plug tobacco, $1,980,955 36 

On smoking tobacco, ..... 170,647 03 

On cigars, ...... 31,079 85 

On cigarettes, ..... 23,646 50 



Total, . . . $2,206,328 74 

Objects of Interest. 

The venerable St. John's Church, occupying the square on Church 
hill bounded by Broad, Grace, 24th and 25th streets, is a shrine which the 
stranger rarely omits to visit ; for if its claim as the cradle of liberty in 
Virginia be denied, it is surely entided to be regarded as having been its 
fostering temple — for within its hallowed walls met, on the 20th of March, 
1775, the second patriot Convention of Virginia, and here it was that Pat- 
rick Henry, with an eloquence born of Nature's own sublime simplicity, 
sounded the tocsin of freedom, in the lamed soul-stirring effort, conclud- 
ing with the immortal words, '^ Give Die liba-ty, or give me death!" The 
Virginia Convention of 1788, which ratified the Federal Constitution, also 
met here. The building, which was erected in 1740 upon land given by 
Col. Byrd, then known as Indian hill, is of wood, with belfry and spire, 
and yet contains the quaint high pulpit with sounding board over head, 
of olden time. It is embosomed in a beautiful grove of varied growth. 
The yard, which is enclosed with a substantial brick wall, is ridged with 
the little hillocks and thickly studded with the moss-grown monuments 
of the dead for more than a century past. Here have been buried a num- 
ber of distinguished men, among them, it is claimed, Chancellor George 
Wythe. The oldest legible inscription is that of Rev. Robert Rose, 



OF Richmond, Va. 11 

rector of Albemarle parish, who died June 30th, 1 751, in his 47th year. 
The epitaphs indicate that many of the early residents of Richmond were 
from Scodand and the New England States. The elevated location of the 
grounds commands a view of the surrounding country, of the falls, and of 
James river, with its various manufactories — of rare attractiveness. 

At the south-east corner of 24th and Grace streets is the former man- 
sion of Col. Richard Adams, dating back to the close of the last century. 
It is now owned and occupied by Miss E. L. Van Lew, late P. M. ol 
Richmond. Upon the grounds, which occupy a whole square, is a fine 
spring of alum water. A huge oak, the sole representative of the prime- 
val forest, still stands upon the square below. On the square above is the 
building formerly occupied by Samuel G., another of the Adams brothers, 
public spirited citizens. It is now used and known as Monte Maria Con- 
vent of the Catholic church. The residence of a third brother, Dr. John 
Adams, for some time mayor of the city of Richmond, was on the north- 
east corner of Broad and 22nd streets, and was last known as Bellevue 
hospital— the public school building erected on the site bears the same 
designation. 

The Old Stone House 

is on the north side of Main, between igth and 20th streets. It is the 
oldest dwelling-house in Richmond, and is presumed to have been built 
about the time the town was laid off in 1737, since the name of its builder 
and first owner, Jacob Ege, a German emigrant, appears as owner of a lot 
in the plan of Major Wm. Mayo. It remained in the possession of the 
Ege family for six generations, and it is claimed that President Monroe 
boarded there when a young man, and that it has been honored by visits 
from Presidents Washington, Jefferson and Madison, and Gen'l Lafayette 
and Patrick Henry. We do not care to question here these pleasing tra- 
ditions. 

The Monumental Church (Episcopal), 

a handsome octagonal edifice on Broad street, is erected upon the spot 
where perished, on the night of Dec'r 26th, iSii, sixty or more persons, ■ 
by the burning of the Richmond Theatre, which was occasioned by the 
scenery taking fire about the close of the performance. Among those 
who lost their lives were George W. Smith, the Governor of the State, A. 
B. Venable, U. S. Senator, Benjamin Botts, a distinguished lawyer, and 
wife, the parents of the late Hon. John Minor Botts, and many ladies and 
gentlemen of old Virginia families. A marble cenotaph in the front por- 
tico of the church records the names of the victims and is placed above 
their remains. The church also contains a beautiful memorial window to 
its late loved and long serving pastor Rev. George Woodbridge, D. D. 



12 Historical Sketch 

The Home of Chief Justice Marshall, 

a large square and plainly appearing brick building of two stories, is at 
the north-west corner of 9th and Marshall streets. It was built in 1795, 
and occupied by the distinguished jurist until his death in 1835. It was 
the residence also, a few years since, of the late Governor, and Confederate 
General Henry A. Wise. 

The State Capitol, 

which has been already noticed, is located on an eminence in the heart of 
the city, and in the midst of a lovely park, graced with fountains and par- 
terres of flowers. A feature of the grounds is numerous tame squirrels, 
which will eat from the hand and submit to be fondled. In the basement 
of the capitol, at this day, are the offices of the ist and 2nd Auditor, the 
State Treasurer, Commissioner of Agriculture, Register of the Land 
Office, and the rooms occupied by the apparatus for heating the building. 
Ascending to the second floor we reach the rotunda. Here the principal 
object of interest to strangers is 

Houdon's Statue of Washington, 

which is not only an admirable work of art, but is the best portraiture of 
Washington extant. It was made at Paris, by order of the Virginia As- 
sembly, under the direction of Jefferson, shortly after the close of the 
Revolution. The costume of the figure is the military dress of 1776. 
One hand holds a cane, the other rests upon fasces, with which are united 
the sword and plowshare, and over all hangs a martial cloak. The in- 
scription on the pedestal was written by James Madison. It is as follows: 

"George Washington. 

"The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia have caused 
this statue to be erected as a monument of affection and gratitude to 
George Washington; who, uniting to the endowments of the Hero the 
virtues of the patriot, and e.xerting both in establishing the liberties of his 
country, has rendered his name dear to his fellow-cidzens, and has given 
the world an immortal example of true glory. Done in the year of Christ 
one thousand, seven hundred and eighty-eight, and in the year of the 
Commonwealth the twelfth." 
, There is also in a niche in the wall 

A Bust of Lafayette, 

and holding honored place against the wall is a quaint relic of the colonial 



CF Richmond, Va. 13 

vice-regal day of Lord Botetourt — an old stove, or as the maker, one 
Buzaglo, termed it, a "warming machine," which once yielded comfort to 
the Burgesses who were wont to assemble in the old capitol at Williams- 
burg. It is elaborately ornamented with raised armorial bearings of En- 
gland, Ireland, Scotland and Virginia, and presents the date of the year 
1770, on which it was presented to the colony by the Duke of Beaufort. 

From the rotunda, the visitor passes on the one side to the Hall of the 
House of Delegates, on the other to the Chamber of the Senate, the last 
of which contains a full length portrait of General Robert E. Lee, by the 
Virginia artist John A. Elder, and a larger painting of the Reduction of 
Yorktown, by the French artist Llami, lately presented to the State by 
Hon. W. W. Corcoran. In these halls, during our late war, met 

The Confederate States Congress, 

and in that of the House of Delegates the Virginia Constitutional Con- 
ventions of 1829-30, 1850 and 1867, and the 

Secession Convention of 1861, 

held their sessions. That of 1867, known as the Reconstruction Conven- 
tion, was the first body assembled under the authority of the State, or 
National Government, in Virginia, in which colored men held seats as 
members. The President of the first Constitutional Convention was 
James Mpdison ; of the second, John Y. Mason ; and of the third, John 
C. Underwood, afterwards United States district judge. The Secession 
Convention was presided over by John Janney. The walls of the room 
were also formerly adorned with full length portraits of the Earl of Chat- 
ham and Thomas Jefferson. 

State Library. 

Immediately above the Senate Chamber is the State Library, which 
contains about 30,000 volumes, including newspaper files from the ante- 
revolutionary period and numerous valuable works of early history. 
Here may be seen, also, an extensive gallery of portraits of distinguished 
citizens of Virginia, various busts, relics, manuscripts, flags, war trophies, 
&c. ; also the speaker's chair of the Colonial House of Burgesses, origin- 
ally decorated with the royal arms of Great Britain — but despoiled of them 
in the patriotic fervor of the revolutionary period — which was removed 
here from Williamsburg, and used by the speaker of the House of Dele- 
gates until a few years since. 

On the same floor was once the room of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 
and are now the offices of the Adjutant-General, the Governor and his 



14 Historical Sketch 

Secretary, the Superintendents of Public Instruction and of Printing, the 
Railroad Commissioner and the rooms of the Southern Historical Society, 
Rev. J. William Jones, D. D., Secretary. 

Thi-: Capitol Disaster. 

The room of the Court of Appeals was the scene, on the 27th of April, 
1S70, of this memorable calamity. Here a large concourse of persons 
had assembled to hear the decision of the court as to the constitutionality 
of the "Enabling Act," under which Henry K. Ellyson had been elected 
mayor of Richmond. His seat was contested by George Chahoon, who 
had been the military appointee of the Federal government. By the fall- 
ing through of the floor the audience were precipitated to the hall of the 
House of Delegates below. Sixty-five persons were killed and two hun- 
dred wounded. 

The views in and around Richmond, for beauty and variety of land- 
scape!, are unsurpassed in this State. That from the top of the capitol 
building, forty feet above the highest surrounding buildings, is grand in 
the extreme. When the tourist emerges through the sky-light in the roof, 
the first view which meets the eye is of Church and Union hills, the most 
prominent object being St. John's Church, so deeply embowered in trees 
that the steeple only is visible. The other churches stand out in bold re- 
lief, while Maddox hill, Howard's grove, the Central Lunatic Asylum, the 
once famous Fairfield race-course, various battle-fields, Oakwood, Holly- 
wood and Shockoe cemeteries, the James river falls. Battery No. 5, Mount 
Erin and Powhatan, are all in full view ; and with a good glass may be 
seen several of the old country seats. The colored janitor of the capitol 
will be found an intelligent aid in identifying the various objects and 
points of interest. 

In the park is that noble work of art the 

Washington Monument, 

which was erected in accordance with the Act of Assembly passed Feb- 
ruary 22, 1849. A premium of $500 offered for the best design, was 
awarded Thomas Crawford of Rome for the model submitted by him, 
which was selected. The ceremony of laying the corner stone took place 
on the 22d February, 1850. Zachary Taylor, President of the United 
States, and prominent dignitaries were present by invitation of the Legis- 
lature. On the 27th of June, articles of agreement were entered into with 
Crawford, stipulating that the equestrian group in bronze should be 15 
English feet from the upper surface of the platform to the top of the 
Chapeau, and that the statues should be 10 English feet in height. On 



OF Richmond, Va. 15 

the loth of October, 1857, Crawford died at London, after completing 
models of all the statuary, except Lewis and Mason and the " trophies." 
A contract was made with Randolph Rogers, of New York, for the com- 
pletion of the work, and the statues were cast at the Royal Foundiy, 
Munich. The equestrian group arrived in Richmond in November, 1857, 
and was drawn to the square by the citizens themselves on the 24th. It 
was erected with the statues of Henry and Jefferson, and unveiled on the 
next succeeding 22nd of February with appropriate ceremonies, General 
Wingfield Scott and other citizens of distinction being present. The 
statue of Mason was received and erected early in i860, and the war 
coming on soon after the monument remained in statu quo until 1867, 
when the statues of Marshall, Lewis and Nelson were received. The alle- 
gorical figures were all received in 1S68, and with their erection the 
monument was completed. 

The following shows the disposition of the statuary and the inscriptions 
on the shields of the allegorical figures : 

T-- -^ -NT 1 I Yoi'ktown, 

Finance, opposite Nelson, 1 c ^ 

' ^ {_ baratoga. 

^ , • , T,. V T • \ Point Pleasant, 

Colonial limes, opposite Lewis, i v 11 F 

Justice, opposite Marshall, ^ ^ p ■ ^ ' 

Revolution, opposite Henry, \ y " ^ ' 

T J J -1 T rr f King's Mountain, 

independence, opposite Jen erson, "^ p ■ » 

Bill of Rights, opposite Mason, j p, , -,,■',■, '' 

The total cost of the monument was $259,913.26; of which from dona- 
tions and the interest thereon was realized, $47,212.67. 

Other objects of interest within the grounds are the statues of the Con- 
federate General Stonewall Jackson in bronze, by Foley, and presented to 
the State of Virginia in 1875 by an association of English gentlemen, 
which was organized soon after the death of the hero on the loth of May, 
1863; that of Henry Clay in marble, by Hart. The building near the 9th 
street gate was for many years occupied as Barracks for the Public or 
State Guard which was disbanded in 1867. It was for some time used as 
a bell-tower, but now only for the storage of arms and the accumulating 
book publications of the State. 

The Executive Mansion 
is an unpretending brick building in the north-east corner of the Capitol 



16 Historical Sketch 

grounds. The Governor's House preceding the present one was a plain 
wooden building of two stories, and two small rooms on the first floor. 
It is said to have remained for a number of years destitute of paint, and 
the furniture was in keeping with the Republican simplicity of its occu- 
pants, from Henry and Jefferson to Monroe and Page. 

St. Paul's Eriscoi'AL Church, 

located on the corner of gth and Grace streets, immediately opposite the 
western gate of the Capitol Square, is somewhat noted as having been 
most frequented by fashionable people in Richmond during the war. 
Here Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee had pews, and the former was a 
regular attendant upon divine service. Here Mr. Davis was seated on 
the memorable 2d of April, 1S65, when he was handed a telegram from 
General Lee, conve)Mng the information that Petersburg was lost to the 
Confederates, and the necessity for the evacuation of Richmond, which 
took place that night, the Union troops entering the city the next day. 

Rev. Charles Minnigerode, D. D., who was rector during the war, and 
who is a warm personal friend of Mr. Davis, still occupies the pulpit. 

The Lee House 

near to St. Paul's, being en the south side of Franklin, between Seventh 
and Eighth streets (No. 707), is the house which was occupied as a resi- 
dence by Gen. R. E. Lee while general-in-chief of the Confederate armies. 
It was recendy in the occupancy of the Westmoreland Club. 

The Jeff. Davis Mansion, 

located on the south-west corner of Clay and Twelfth streets, and on a 
commanding height, now known as President's hill, is a large rectangular 
three-storied stuccoed building, built some fifty or sixty years ago by Dr. 
John Brockenbrough as a private residence. The grounds attached to 
this house were laid out in the most beautiful style, and were adorned with 
statuary and numerous fountains. 

When the seat of war of the Confederate government was removed from 
Montgomery to Richmond, the City Council purchased this property for 
presentation to Jefferson Davis, but he declined to receive it. The city 
refusing to take it back or cancel the purchase, Mr. Davis finally agreed 
to occupy it rent-free, with the understanding that it was to remain the 
property of the city. This he did until the evacuation of the city in 1865. 
When the Federal troops entered the city, they took possession of it, and 
it was occupied either as a residence or as head-quarters by each of the 
military commanders who ruled Virginia, until the army was finally with- 




State Capitol. 



OF Richmond, Va. 17 

drawn from the State in 1870. The property was then restored to the 
city, whose authorities have remodelled it for school purposes. It was 
from the rear porch of this dwelling that little Joe Davis, son of Jefferson 
Davis, met his death by falling to the pavement below. 
The home of 

Edgar Allan Poe, the Poet, 

as the protege of John Allan, a wealthy Scotch merchant, was for some 
years at the residence of the latter, situated at the south-east corner of 
5th and Main streets and now occupied by his widow. 
The building now known as the 

State Court-house, 

is located on the east side of Eleventh between Broad and Marshall streets. 
It was built as a place of worship for the use of the sect denominated the 
"Disciples of Christ" when it was designated as "Sycamore Church," 
from large trees of that species which shaded the premises. 

The congregation having built a handsome gothic church at the corner 
of Eighth and Grace streets, sold the old church to the State of Virginia 
in 1870, when, until the damages occasioned by the lamentable disaster 
at the Capitol could be repaired, it became necessary to provide another 
place of meeting for the House of Delegates. It was subsequendy fitted 
up as the State Court-house. The Supreme, or Court of Appeals of the 
State holds its sessions here. Its clerk, the Law Library and that of the 
Virginia Historical Society (R. A. Brock, Secretary and Librarian) are 
also accomodated. 

The State Court-house, preceding the present one, was located on the 
Capitol Square near the eastern gate opening on Franklin street. It was 
destroyed by the disastrous burning of April 3, 1865, on the evacuation 
of Richmond, and the green lawn now bears no trace of where it once 
stood. 

The Custom-House 

is a large granite building fronting on Main, between Tenth and Eleventh 
streets. It was completed in 1855. It was occupied during the late war 
by the Treasury Department of the Confederate States, and President 
Davis had his office in the third story. At present the first story is used 
as the post-office, which during the war was kept in the lower portion of 
the somewhat noted Spotswood Hotel which formerly stood on the corner 
of Main and Eighth streets, and was destroyed by fire Dec'r 25th, 1870, 
three persons perishing in the flames, one of whom was the Pythian mar- 
tyr, Samuel Holder Hines, who lost his life in the effort to save a brother 
2 



18 Historical Sketch 

member of the fraternity. On the second floor of the Custom-house are 
the offices of the Collector of Customs, Collector, Assessor and Supervisor 
of Internal Revenue, and United States District Attorney. On the third 
floor are the United .States Court-room and the offices of the Judges, 
Marshall and Clerks.. The fourth llnor is taken up with jury rooms. 
This building; passed throuqli the L;ri.-at liie of A])ril 3, 1865, without in- 
jury, while all other houses on lioih sides of Main street, between Ninth 
and Thirteenth were either partially or wholly destroyed. 

The Medical College of Virginia 

is located on the south-west coruer of College and Marshall streets. It is 
a fine example of the Egyptian style of architecture, and was established 
in 1S3S as a department of Hampden Sydney College. Its faculty has 
ever ranked deservedly high in the sciences which it teaches. Adjoining 
the college is the 

Reti^eat i'o]< '1-H1-: Sick, 

under the management of a board of 43 latlies, members of different reli- 
gious denominations. President, Mrs. Wm. A. Jenkins; Medical Super- 
intendent, Dr. J. R. Wheat; Resident Physician, Dr. T. Carroll; Visiting 
Physician, Dr. J. S. Wcllford. 

Thrice Memor.\i;le Floods 

in James river have occurred in a period of a litde more than a hundred 
years past. The first in May, 1771, when, according to the inscription on 
an obelisk erected on Turkey Island, tlien the seat of Wm. Randolph, the 
founder of the famous family of that name, to commemorate it : " all the 
great rivers of the country were swept by inundations never before expe- 
rienced, which changed the face of nature and left traces of their violence 
that will remain for ages." The water came within Shockoe Warehouse 
in Richmond, which then stood where the Exchange hotel is now located. 

The second flood was on October ist, 1870, when the river rose a little 
more than 24 feet above ordinary high tide, the water invading the streets 
of Richmond so as to admit the propelling with poles of a fishing smack 
along 17th to Franklin street. The height that the water attained is indi- 
cated by a memorial stone of granite, with brass tablet bearing appro- 
priate inscription, erected by order of the City Council, on the north side 
of Main near 15th street in front of the St. Charles Hotel. 

A third great flood reached its maximum height of 25 feet 6 inches on 
Sunday night November 25th, 1877. In each of the last two instances 
there was great loss of life and destruction of property ; the angry waters 



OF Richmond, Va. 19 

being laden with almost every kind of portable property, houses, furni- 
ture, provender, produce, &C., &c. 

The Richmond Theatre, 

at the south-east corner of 7th and Broad streets, was formerly designated 
the Marshall Theatre, in honor of Chief Justice Marshall, through whose 
influence it was first erected in 1817. It was burned in 1S63, the present 
building being erected soon after. A majority of those famous in the art 
histrionic who have appeared in America have honored the boards of our 
Richmond Theatre with their presence. 

Mozart Hall, 

on the east side of Sdi, between Franklin and Grace streets, is held by the 
Richmond Mozart Association, which was organized April 2Sth, 1S76, for 
the encouragement of Music, the Drama and Literary pursuits. The As- 
sociation gives a weekly musical entertainment to its members the year 
round. This hall is a plain inexpensive structure of wood, but is said to 
possess excellent acoustic advantages. It was erected originally for a 
floored skating rink. 

Valentine's Studio. 

The studio of Edward V. Valentine, Virginia's distinguished sculptor, 
is at 809 east Leigh street. It offers attractions which no appreciadve vis- 
itor v/ill forego. Here may be seen many interesting objects connected 
with the sculptor's art — the models and casts of the creations of Mr. Val- 
entine's genius — including numerous busts of celebrated Virginians, the 
famous of America and of Europe, the celebrated recumbent statue of 
Lee, and his ideal works, the latest of which, his Andromache, is now re- 
ceiving its finishing touches. 

There are also many examples of the works of other artists. 

A curious collection of facial casts or masks of plaster, taken after death, 
of the features of the most celebrated men of Europe for a hundred years 
past, scholars, soldiers and statesmen, is invested with a wierd fascination, 
irresistibly invoking in the beholder a train of moral reflections on the 
insignificance of human vanity, the frailty of man, and the evanescence of 
his feverish phantasies of greatness. 

Henrico County Court-house 

is situated at the comer of 22nd and Main streets. The county seat was 
transferred here from Varina, soon after the close of the Revolutionary 



20 Historical Sketch 

war, the court-house there having been burnt by the traitor Arnold in 
1781. 

Henrico county was one of tlie eight original shires of the colony, and 
such of its records as escaped destruction, filed here, will be found very 

curious. 

The Masons' Hall, 

A large wood building, situated on the south-side of Franklin, between 
iSth and 19th streets, was erected in 1786, and is the first hall which was 
built in America for Masonic purposes. Here have presided as Grand 
Masters, Edmund Randolph, Chief Justice John Marshall, Gov'r Robert 
Brooke, and a host of eminent men of Virginia have sat fraternally in its 
halls from time to time. It is owned jointly by Lodges Nos. 10 and 19. 

St. Albans Hall, 

A commodious Masonic building, is situated at the corner of 3rd and 
Main streets. It was erected in 1S67 by the Masonic Temple Association. 
Another hall, known as Springfield, is located on 25th street, near Clay. 
There are in Richmond, two Commanderies of Knights Templar, — Rich- 
mond No. 2, and Commandery of St. Andrew No. 13; four Royal Arch 
Chapters, — Richmond No. 3, St. Albans No. 33, Lafayette No. 43, and 
Harman No. 56; and eleven Blue Lodges, — Temple No. 9, Richmond 
No. 10, Metropolitan No. 11, Richmond Randolph No. ig, St. John's No. 
36, Joppa No. 40, Dove No. 51, Loge Francaise No. 53, Amity No. 76, 
Henrico Union No. 130, and Jno. L. Roper Lodge of Perfection No. 5; a 
majority of which bodies meet in St. Albans Hall, where also the Grand 
bodies hold their annual sessions. 

Clues. 

The principal Clubs of Richmond are the Richmond, Westmoreland 
and Commercial Clubs. 

Richmond Club was founded in 1S66, for purposes of social intercourse. 
The club-house is a commodious building with fine grounds filled with 
shrubbery, located at the north-east corner of 3rd and Franklin streets. 

Westmoreland Club was founded January, 1877. The membership 
comprises some of the best citizens of Richmond and the State, including 
prominent professional gentlemen and leading merchants, manufacturers 
and capitalists. The club was organized not only to afford rela.xation as 
a social resort, but to facilitate conference between leading citizens of the 
State and Country upon all matters vital to its well being and prosperity, 
as a medium of well appointed and generous hospitality- to visitors. The 
building, located at the south-east corner of 6th and Grace streets, is a 



OF Richmond, Va. 21 

costly, elegant and commodious one, and thoroughly and most happily 
adapted to its present useful mission. It had been for years known as one 
of our most elegantly sustained private residences. 

There is a well provided reading room, billiard saloon, &c. The hand- 
some reception and dining rooms are graced with the valuable gallery of 
portraits of historic personages, belonging to the Virginia Historical So- 
ciety, which holds its monthly meetings in a room allotted it in the build- 
ing. There are also displayed many other objects of antiquarian and his- 
toric interest. 

The Commercial Club, as its name indicates, was founded by merchants 
of Richmond in 1878. It has its quarters in No. 1300 Ross street. Its 
membership are most hospitable, and among the attractions of its rooms 
is an extensive collection of geological specimens and archeological im- 
plements, the latter, relics of our aboriginal inhabitants. 

Turkish Cannon Balls of Stone. 

At the corners of the premises of the residence at the south-west cor- 
ner of Marshall and 7th streets, originally that of Mr. Henry W. Moncure, 
and more recently of the late Dr. Beverley R. Wellford, Sr., deceased, 
may be seen some novel missiles of warfare, being three cannon balls of 
wrought granite, measuring nearly 3 feet in diameter, mounted on stone 
pedestals. These balls were quarried and rounded to be sei-\'ed to the 
mouths of cannon on the shores of the Bosphorus. They were brought 
thence by Commodore Elliott, of the United States Navy, to be presented 
to the University of Virginia, and were landed at Rocketts. There they 
lay unclaimed, until Mr. Moncure removed and mounted them as they are 
now seen. 

Colleges, Schools, &c. 

Richviond College. The only incorporated male college in Richmond is 
the one which bears its name. It is at once the pride and boast of the 
city and an ornament to the state. The school from which the College 
sprang, originated in 1830, in a desire of the Baptist denomination to se- 
cure good training for their rising ministry. In 1S32 the school became 
the "Virginia Baptist Seminary," and was thrown open to all moral youth. 
In 1840 Richmond College was duly chartered and entered upon a career 
of enlarged usefulness and influence. The College is purely Literary. 
No theology is taught, but all deserving young men, candidates for the 
gospel ministry, of any denomination, are given thorough training in all of 
her schools free of tuition. The College has gradually expanded its work 
until as at present organized there are eight independent academic schools 
and school of law. There are eight accomplished professors, whose aim 



22 Historical Sketch 

is thorough cuhure and a high standard of graduation. Alumni of the 
College are widely scattered and filling high positions. Three degrees 
are conferred. 

The Library of the College, entirely destroyed by the casualties of war, 
has been replaced in part by 5,000 volumes of miscellaneous works. The 
Museum, founded a few years since is already attractive. Besides relics 
and curiosities from foreign lands, there are collections illustrating the 
geological and mineral resources of Virginia and the South. 

The two Literary Societies of the College have interesting halls and 
libraries, and publish a monthly magazine of considerable e.xcellence. 

Resting upon a safe but not lucrative financial foundation, the progress 
of this growing institution is substantial. Its property- is valuable and 
susceptible -of high improvement. The visitor will find his way to the 
College along Grace street, at whooe western terminus it is located. 

The Richmond Female Institute, situated at the corner of loth and 
Marshall streets, was founded in 1S55, and is also conducted under the 
auspices of the Baptist denomination. It is in a flourishing condition. 

The Richmond Institute for colored students, at the corner of 19th and 
Main streets, has already been noticed, as has the 

Medical College of Vi7-ginia, at the corner of Marshall and College 
streets. 

The Public Schools 

went into operation in 1870. They are controlled by a Board of Educa- 
tion, of which the Mayor is ex officio President. The Superintendent is 
James H. Peay, A. M. Office at the corner of Twelfth and Clay streets. 
Each ward of the citj' is provided with a handsome and commodious 
school building, with competent teachers for the preparation of pupils for 
the 

High School, at 805 east Marshall street, the course of which includes 
the Languages and Mathematics. W. F. Fox, principal. 

The average monthly attendance during the year ending July 31, 1879, 
was, white 3,296, colored 1,919 — total, 5,215. 

Number of schools — white 74, colored 41, total 115. Number of teach- 
ers — white principals and teachers 115, colored teachers 11, total 126. The 
estimated value of the school property of the city on January ist, 1880, 
was $248,675. 

Besides the above educational institutions there is a — 

Normal School for colored persons, with seven teachers, and an income 
of $7,300; a 

High School, with two teachers, and an income of $500; several excel- 
lent schools conducted by the Catholics, and numerous private 



OF Richmond, Va. 23 

Preparatory and Classical Schools, day and boarding, male and female; 
and the Sabbath schools connected with the several denominational 
churches, which have an attendance of more than 10,000 pupils. 

Libraries. 

The State Library in the Capitol building contains about 30,000, the 
State Law Library in the State court-house about 6,000, that of the Vir- 
ginia Historical Society in the same building about S,ooo, the Young 
Men's Christian Association about 2,000, the Richmond Institute 2,500, 
and the Richmond College Library at the head of Grace street 8,000, 
volumes. There are also about 16,000 volumes in Church libraries, 6,550 
in Sabbath School libraries, and probably some 100,000 volumes in pri- 
vate libraries — legal, theological and miscellaneous. 

The Military Prisons, i86i-'5, 

are still objects of interest to the tourist from the North. The first house 
used in this city as a place of confinement for Federal soldiers captured in 
battle, was on Main street, near 25th, where were placed the prisoners 
from the Big Bethel engagement. But the large number brdught hither 
after the first battle of Manassas, made it necessary to provide quarters 
more commodious and secure. t 

Libby Prison was then selected. This is a three story brick building 
located on the corner of Cary and 20th streets. It was built for a ship 
chandlery, and was used as such several years previous to the war by Mr. 
Luther Libby, from whom it takes its name. Here were confined thou- 
sands of Union soldiers, between July 1861 and April 1S65, and it was 
frequently crowded to overflowing, depletion being to the prisons of Salis- 
bury, N. C, or Andersonville, Georgia. The walls are covered with the 
names of prisoners, scratched there during their confinement, and relic 
hunters have carried away many bits of the walls. Attempts at escape 
were numerous, but they were rarely successful. The most noted was 
that of Colonel Streight, who, with no tools but forks, tunnelled under the 
street, from the basement of the prison to a vacant lot about 20 feet dis- 
tant, and with about 60 comrades got away under the cover of the dark- 
ness of a stormy night. They were hidden in the city for two or three 
days by resident Unionists, and most of them under various vicissitudes 
made their way North. The Libby is now occupied by the Southern 
Fertilizing Company. 

Castle Thunder, on the north side of Cary, between iSth and 19th sts., 
was recently destroyed by fire. It was last used, as it was before the war, 
as a tobacco factory. During the war it was the place in which citizens of 



24 Historical Sketch 

doubtful loyalty to the Confederacy, together with spies and deserters, 
were confined. One or more executions took place within its walls. A 
large black blood-hound. Hero, owned by the commandant of the prison, 
Captain Alexander, was a, terror to the inmates. After the war he was 
exhibited through the North. 

Castle JJff/ilninff, on Lumpkin's alley, formerly a negro prison, during 
the ante-bellum traffic in slaves, was, during the first year of the war, a 
place of confinement for political or State prisoners. Here were incarce- 
rated Hon. Jno. Minor Botts, Franklin Stearns, Burnham Wardwell and 
other Virginia Unionists. The Commandant Captain Alexander after- 
wards took charge of Casde Thunder. 

The Soldier's Home, a large tobacco factory at the corner of Cary and 
Seventh streets, was used as a Home of Relay for soldiers on their way 
to the army, and for the detention of stragglers and citizens without the 
requisite passes of martial law. It was always crowded. The officer in 
charge was Lieutenant Benj. Bates. 

Hospitals for Confederate Soldiers 

were located as follows : — the St. Charles Hotel, at the corner of Main 
and Fifteenth streets; the residence of Judge John Robertson, at tlie cor- 
ner of Third and Main streets, a long wooden building, with a hi^ roof, 
facetiously termed by its owner Noah's Ark — the Judge averring that in 
the event of another deluge, his home would soon right itself by turning 
top downwards — when it would float scripturally, since rejjlaced by a 
block of handsome brick buildings ; (to these two were l^rought the 
wounded from the first batde of Manassas); St. Francis dc Sales Hos- 
pital (Old Goddin's Tavern) near Bacon's Ouartcr Hranch ; Seadrook's, 
(formerly and since the war, Seabrook's tobacco ware-house ) occupying 
the greater part of the square between Broad and Cirace and .Seventeenth 
and Eighteenth streets. Later hospitals of wooden Ijuiltliiigs witli regular 
arrangements of streets were erected at J/<'7<'i!rd's (j'rcKr, a cool and 
shady spot one mile east of the city cm ihc .Mrchanicsvilie Turnpike, — 
now used as a lunatic asylum for cdloicd persons; on Chimborazo 
Heights in the southeastern suburbs i>l the city, the dead from which were 
buried in Oakwood Cemetery; 11 ///^A;- and yhir/L-ji^M Hospitals (named 
in honor respectively of Generals John H. Winder and "Stonewall" 
Jacksonl in the western limits of tlie city. The dead from the last two 
were interred in Hollywood Cemetery. 

Several of the Southern States — Nurlh Carolina, South Carolina, Geor- 
gia, Alabama and Mississippi, had separate and distinct hospitals in which 
many of the soldiers from those slates were cared for at the expense of 
the states from which they hailed severally. 




St. John's Church. 



OF Richmond, Va. 25 

The Confederate States Provost Marshal's Office, 

a long two story unsightly building of wood, formerly stood at the south- 
west corner of Tenth and Broad streets. It was replaced by other build- 
ings soon after the war. 

Belle Isle 

is an island in James river just above the Petersburg Railroad bridge, and 
opposite the Tredegar Iron Works. It is best seen from Gamble's Hill. 
It is now occupied by the works of the Old Dominion Nail Company, 
and the houses of its operatives. It was the largest prison camp for 
Federal soldiers in Virginia. The prisoners were kept in tents and were 
guarded by a company of infantry, and a battery of artillery placed on 
the heights in rear of and commanding the camp. There was no escape, 
except by swimming a rapid and dangerous current, even if the guard 
was eluded. A number of prisoners attempted to escape one night in 
1862. Several were shot, some were drowned, and the remainder re- 
captured. 

The Virginia Armory, 

which formerly stood at the foot of Fifth street, on the southside of the 
James River and Kanawha Canal, was quite destroyed by the fire of 
April 3d, 1865. Only the arched entrance and a small portion of the 
western wing are now standing. It was erected in 1798. Previous to the 
war small arms were manufactured here by the State, and also during its 
continuance by the Confederate States. Among the attractions of the 
Armory prior to the war were a number of large brass French guns and 
mortars of the Seventeenth Century, quaindy carved and bearing curious 
devices. They were memorials of the Revolutionary War, having been 
brought to America by our French allies. Four of them are preserved 
at the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington, Va. The State Guard 
organized in 1801, had their quarters in the Armory building. The 
Guard used to be jocosely termed the " Standing Army of Virginia," as 
it was for years the only military body upon state establishment in the 
Union. It was disbanded by the Federal authorities in 1867, when the 
State was under military rule. Its last commander was Captain Edward 
S. Gay. 

The Tredegar Iron Works 

are located between the canal and the river, a short distance above the 
Armory grounds. They were founded in 1837, and are among the most 
extensive manufactories of locomotives, cars and railroad materials in the 
United States. During the war cannon and other armament for the Con- 



26 Historical Sketch 

federate States were manufactured here. The capacity of the works is, 
for the RolHng Mills 30,000 tons finished bars, spikes, &c., and for the 
Foundry 20,000 tons castings, for the Car shops full 2,000 fi"eight cars 
annually, besides the immense capability of the Machine shops. The 
force employed is from 1,000 to 1,500 men. 

The State Penitentiary 

is a large and irregularly-built structure, situated on a commanding hill in 
the southwestern portion of the city. It is the oldest prison of the kind 
in the United States. It was built in accordance with an act of the Gene- 
ral Assembly passed in 1796, and went into operation, by proclamation of 
the Governor, March 25th, iSoo. 

Shoes, cloths and flour barrels are the chief articles manufactured here. 
Disastrous fires have occurred here on the 8th August, 1S23, in January, 
1857, July I, 1S61, April 3, 1S65, and November 15, 1S78. . 

Not far distant from the penitentiary is the 

Magdalen Asylum, 
founded in 1S74, for the reformation of fallen females. 

The James River and Kanawha Canal, 

an important highway of transportation for the valley of James river, has 
its eastern terminus at Richmond. The company was chartered by the 
Virginia Assembly in 17S5, and General George Washington was its first 
president. 

An act passed the Assembly at its last session (1878-9") authorizing the 
Canal Company to dispose of its property and franchises to the Richmond 
and Alleghany Railroad Company, who proposed to discontinue the canal 
and to erect along its line a railroad. Owing to a failure in compliance 
with the terms of the act on the part of the named purchasers, this project 
failed in its so desirable consummation. Other projects are, however, be- 
ing pressed for the building of the railroad. 

The celebrated manufactories of flour, the produce of which form so 
extensive a staple of export to foreign countries, are located as follows : 

The G.\llego Mills 

fronts on both the Basin of the James River and Kanawha Canal and 
Twelfth street, and the 

Haxall-Crensha\v Mills 

at the foot of Twelfth street, on the banks of James river. 



OF Richmond, Va. 2T 

Order is preserved, and safety against thieves largely secured, by a well 
appointed and efficient 

Police Force. 

Major John Poe, Jr., Chief, neatly uniformed in blue. C. W. P. Brock^ 
M. D., Surgeon. 

An Efficient Fire Department, 

comprising five powerful steam fire engines, a hose, and a hook-and-ladder 
company, each fully manned by experienced firemen and duly equipped, 
affords ample protection against extended conflagration. The fire-alarm 
telegraph, the thorough system and discipline controlling the department, 
secures in all instances of fire, immediate succor. The percentage of dam- 
age by fire in Richmond will compare favorably with that of any city of 
like population and extent in our Union. G. Watt Taylor, Chief Engineer. 
Popular disturbances are provided against by ample 

Military Organizations, 

which comprise the First Regiment volunteer infantry. Col. John B. Pur- 
cell, seven companies; the Richmond Light Infantry Blues, the oldest 
company in the State, having been organized in 1793; Richmond City 
Guard — the last two independent; a battalion of two colored companies, 
and a battalion of artillery^the Richmond Howitzers. 

The Tobacco Exchange, 

where samples of tobacco are offered for sale, and those interested in its 
handling and manufacture daily congregate at 10 o'clock A. M., is on 
Shockoe Slip, at the foot of Thirteenth street. R. A. Trice, auctioneer ; 
Emmet W. Chockley, clerk ; James A. Scott, president ; Gen'l Peyton 
Wise, secretary and treasurer. 

The Corn and Flour Exchange, 

where transactions by wholesale in grain, flour, meal, &c., are effected, is 
at the corner of Thirteenth and Cary streets. The hour of meeting is 10 
o'clock A. M. Thos. W. McCance, president; P. G. Coghlan, secretary. 

The Richmond Stock Exchange 

meets daily, except on legal holidays, at 1104 east Main street. R. H. 
Maury, president ; G. A. Davenport, secretary and treasurer. 



28 Historical Sketch 

The Chamber of Commerce, 

the membership of which includes the leading merchants, manufacturers, 
and capitahsts of Richmond, was instituted in 1S67. Its objects are the 
promotion of the trade and material interests of the city, the regulation of 
transportation, the arbitration of differences arising between its members, 
and a due care of their vital interests. It meets the second Thursday in 
each month, at their hall in the Commercial Club building, No. 1300 Ross 
street. E. O. Nolting, president; P. G. Coghlan, secretary; E. H. Fisher, 
assistant secretary. 

The Virginia State Agricultural Society 

was organized in 1852 and incorporated in 1853. Its real estate, consisting 
of the Fair Grounds and improvements, located about \% miles west of 
the city leading from Broad street, is valued at more than $100,000. The 
Society held annual fairs from 1S53 to 1S60, distributing a large fund in 
premiums. The war intervening, its functions were suspended until 1869, 
from which time fairs have been held annually in the latter part ol Octo- 
ber. 

The office of the Secretary, Colonel W. C. Knight, is in Wilkinson Hall 
building, No. 26 north Ninth street. The Society publishes monthly The 
Journal of Transactions and Agriculture. 

Negro Jails and Auction Houses. 

In the days of slavery jails were built in which negroes for sale and hire 
were kept and boarded at a per diem until the desired disposition could 
be made of them. Sales were usually effected by auction. The auction 
houses were all located on Franklin near the corner of Wall street, and the 
jails in which the slaves were confined were in close pro.ximity, so that 
they could be more readily taken to the auction houses and with less dan- 
ger of escapes, and, also, that purchasers who were making up their lots 
might board near the jails (the leading hotels being on Franklin Street) 
until they could buy their supplies. The jails were, therefore, nearly all 
located in the bottom between Franklin and Broad Streets, on Jail Alley. 
The most noted of these, because the largest, was the one known as — 

Z,umpki7i's, which was built about 1S25 by Bacon Tait, for this purpose, 
and so used until the close of the war, during, as has been stated, a por- 
tion of it was used as a temporary recepticle of political prisoners. After 
the war it was fitted up by the Rev. N. Colver, D. D., a Baptist clerg}-man 
from Chicago, as an institute for the training of young colored men for 
the ministry. It was so until 1S70, when the American Baptist Home 



OF Richmond, Va. 29- 

Mission Society having control of tlic pliilantluopic oliject, having received 
large accessions to their funds, bouj^ht the larijc Ijuildin;^- at the corner of 
Main and Nineteenth Streets, formerly known as the 

United Stati:s JIotki., 

which was erected in 1S17 by Dr. Joliii Adams, and was for a time the 
leading hotel of the city, being situated in what was then the business por- 
tion, but as trade advanced up town, its jiatronage declined, until in 1850, 
it was closed altogether. It was put to various uses, until sold to trustees 
for the present one. It is now known as the 

Richmond Institute, 

and is under charge of Rev. C. H. Corey, D. D. From fifteen to twenty 
ministers are graduated each year. There were 103 students in 1878. It 
has a library of 2,500 volumes. 

Richmond in the War of 1812. 

A vessel of war was built in 181 2, with contributions made by the ladies 
of Richmond. It was called "The First Attempt" and commanded by 
Capt. Isbon Benedict. The Richmond Light Infantry Blues and a com- 
pany of Calvary also performed service during the war. The militia were 
also frequendy in the field. 

Public Parks. 

The chief and oldest park of the city is the Capitol Sqjiare, oblong in 
shape and in area about sixteen acres. It was originally ver)' rugged, but 
first under the direction of Mons. Godefroi, who laid it ofl^ in terraces, and 
more recenUy under that of Mr. Notman, of Philadelphia, it has assumed 
its present picturesque appearance, beautifully undulating as it is, and 
traversed with serpentine walks. The grounds are adorned with various 
forest trees indigenous to Virginia, besides the Linden and others of 
exotic derivarion. Numerous seats invite the pedestrian or pleasure- 
seeker to rest beneath the shade. Two fountains on opposite sides of 
the park are in constant play. 

Monroe Park, in the west end of the city in the midst of handsome 
private residences, grows yearly more attractive with its shrubbery, in- 
creasing shade trees and enclosing hedge of the Osage orange. It is 
graced with a fountain and a bronze statue of Washington by Hubard — 
an exact copy of Houdon's statue in the capitol building. 



30 Historical Sketch 

City Spring Park, between Seventh and Eighth streets beyond Leigh, 
affords two varieties of cold pleasant water — hard and soft. 

Marshall Park has recendy been laid off on Libby's Hill near Twenty- 
seventh and Franklin streets. Admirable views of the river and surround- 
ing country for several miles arc afilordcd here. 

Gamble's Hill'is also being laid off in terraces with circular walks and 
drives. Shade ti'ees have been planted and seats provided. Attractive 
views of the picturescjue and famous James River Falls, of the James 
River and Kanawha Canal, of the Tredegar Iron Works, the Armory, 
Belle Isle, and the country on the south side of die river, are presented. 

Chimhorazo Heiglits, in the eastern limits of the city, are in course of 
preparation as a park. They are noted as having been a favorite duelling 
ground at the close' of the last and beginning of the present century and 
later, and several lives were thus sacrificed here. This was the site of 
Chimborazo Hospital for Confederate soldiers. The long low wooden 
buildings used as sick wards, after the war were allotted by the Federal 
government to the use of the blacks, who thronged to the city in hordes 
from the rural districts. It was thus a densely-packed setdement. 

ResefX'oir Park is comprised by the grounds connected with the new 
reservoir, in the western suburbs of the city, erected in i875-'6 to afford 
increased supplies of water, and is a beautiful place of resort, adorned, as 
it is, with flowers, shade trees, and a lakelet with mimic islets. The road- 
ways present a fine drive, both on the banks of the reservoir and in the 
grounds. The frozen lake, in the winter season, is held in much regard 
by the skadng beau.x and belles of Richmond. 

Cemeteries. 

The oldest, attached to St. John's church, has already been noticed. 
The most attractive of the "cities of the dead" at Richmond is 
Hollywood Cemetery, located in the western portion of the city, and 
which rivals, if it does not surpass in natural beauty and picturesqueness, 
any other burial place in the United States. It was laid off in 1S48 and 
dedicated June 26th, 1849. The first interment was, however, in July, 
1848. Its area is about 100 acres, gratefully shaded with trees of original 
forest growth, diversified with hill and dale, and threaded with meandering 
streams. Here, in the soldiers' section, lie the remains of 12,000 victims 
of the late war. A pyramid of rough granite, ninety feet high, erected to 
their memory by the ladies of Virginia, stands in their midst. Creeping 
vines largely cover the monument with their verdure. It bears the follow- 
ing inscripdons : East side, " To the Confederate Dead" ; north, "Memoria 
ill Aeterna"; south, "Numi7iiet Patrios Asto"; west, "Erected by the la- 



OF Richmond, Va. 31 

dies of the Hollywood Memorial Association, A. D. 1869." A day is set 
apart annually in May as a memorial day, and for the decoration of the 
soldiers' graves with flowers. Among the notable graves in Hollywood 
are those of General J. E. B. Stuart, the great cavalry leader of the South- 
ern Confederacy ; Lieutenant-General A. P. Hill, one of Lee's most trusted 
officers; General W. H. Stevens, chief engineer of the army of Northern 
Virginia; General John Pegram and his brother, the gallant artillerist, 
Colonel William R. J. Pegram; Captain O. Jennings Wise, once editor of 
the Richmond Enquirer, and his father, Governor Henry A. Wise ; Com- 
modore Matthew F. Maury; General George E. Pickett, the hero of Get- 
tysburg; the journalist, Thomas Ritchie, known as the "father of the 
Democratic party"; John M. Daniel, the war editor of the Richmond 
Examiner ; the poet, John R. Thompson ; Ex-Presidents Monroe and 
Tyler (above the remains of the former rises an iron tomb of chaste de- 
sign. He was originally buried in New York, but his body was escorted 
here in 1857 by the National Guard) ; Bishop William Meade; John Ran- 
dolph of Roanoke, recently brought hither from the place of original in- 
terment at his seat in Charlotte county, and many other celebrities. There 
are many costly monuments, tombs and vaults of chaste designs. 

Just across the James River and Kanawha Canal, from the cemetery, is 
the Pump-House, by which the water used by the city is pumped into the 
two reservoirs. It may be reached from Hollywood by a tunnel beneath 
the canal. 

In the northern limits of the city, at the terminus of Third street, is 

Shockoe Hill Cemetery, which was established June 19th, 1815. Here 
are buried Chief-Justice Marshall, John Hampden Pleasants, who lost his 
life in a duel fought with Thomas Ritchie, Jr., Februaiy 27, 1846; Peter 
Francisco, of famous strength and prowess ; Major James Gibbon, who led 
the forlorn hope at Stony Point, July 15, 1779; Bishop R. C. Moore, Benj. 
Watkins Leigh, and many others of distinction. Near by is the 

Hebrew Cetnetery, neady enclosed and containing many handsome 
tombs. The section devoted to the Confederate soldiers of the Hebrew 
faith is surrounded by an elegant and appropriate iron railing cast to rep- 
resent arms and ammunition. 

The Catholic Cemetery is on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, and that for 
tlie colored race, on the Meadow Bridge road, northward of Shockoe. 

Oakwood Cemetery is situated about one mile east of the city, on a little 
eminence. It embraces about forty acres and was purchased and laid off 
by the city in 1861. Here lie 17,000 Confederate soldiers, each grave 
marked with a head board. In the center of the grounds a granite spire 
has been erected to the memory of the heroes of the " Lost Cause" buried 



32 Historical Sketch 

here. Oakwood Cemeteiy has too its Memorial Day in May, when its 
graves are annually strewn with floral tributes. Near Oakwood is the 
Jewish Cemetery. 

The National Ccmcta-y is located on the Williamsburg road about two 
miles from Richmond. The Federal government has collected the bones 
of thousands of Union soldiers from the cemeteries and battle fields of 
Virginia and deposited them here. Money has been lavishly expended in 
making the place attractive. Each grave is turfed and marked with a neat 
iron head-piece, painted white and marked with the name when it could 
be obtained, when not with " one unknown U. S. soldier," or more, if, as 
is often the case, the graves contain the remains of more than one. 

The graves are annually decorated on the 30th May, under the super- 
vision of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

Pleasant Drives and Routes to Battle Fields. 

Messrs. Chaffin, Staples & Co., the popular and reliable real estate 
agents and auctioneers, who have constandy valuable property in the city, 
and numerous farms, mineral lands, milling seats, &c., for sale in its vi- 
cinity and in the various sections of the State, keep in connection with 
their establishment buggies and comfortable wagons for the accommoda- 
tion of those who visit Virginia for prospecting purposes and with the in- 
tention of purchase. Mr. Chafifin will be found a genial companion, fully 
charged with entertaining and useful information as to local historic attrac- 
tions, questions of State polity, and facts of manufacturing and business 
interest. 

There are six principal roads leading into the city from the surrounding 
country. Commencing at the river on the east, we have, first, the Osborne 
turnpike — (the toll gates have long since disappeared) which a mile below 
leads by 

Powhatan, 

long the seat of the Mayo family, being first located by Joseph Mayo in 
1725, is noted as having been one of the residences of the aboriginal poten- 
tate Powhatan. A boulder in the garden here tradition claims, marks the 
grave of the savage chieftain. It bears various curious marks and sym- 
bols. Near by is the Mayo family cemetery containing a number of well 
preserved old tombs, and the Whaives of the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail- 
way, the eastern terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, which 
extends to Huntingdon, West Virginia, 421 miles. Between these wharves 
and the Company's office in Richmond, there is a tunnel 3,927 feet long 
passing through Church and Union Hill. Farther down we pass Chaffin's 
farm on which the Chaffin's Bluff fortifications were erected. Branching 




LiBBY Prison. 



OF Richmond, Va. 33 

off from this road at Tree Hill is the New Market or Varina road, leading 
to Charles City Court-house. 

This is the direct route to Fori Harrison, (distant 1 1 miles), captured 
from the Confederates by Gen. Butler, 29th September, 1864; to Varina 
which was the point at which prisoners of the contending armies during 
the late war were exchanged ; Deep Bottom Dutch Gap, the famous at- 
tempt at engineering by Gen'l Butler, completed in a canal since the war, 
481 feet in length, making a gain in navigation of nearly three miles, 
formed by a bend of that length in tlie river, of horse-shoe form, winding 
around Farrar' s Island, the location of the ancient Henricopolis founded 
in 161 1 ; Malvern Hill, (15 miles distant) where McClellan made his last 
stand in 1862 ; Harrison's Landing and other places of note. 

The Williamsburg Road enters the city at the same point and branches 
about one and a half miles below the city, one fork leading through Dar- 
bytown on by Fussell's Mill, the other passes the National Cemetery, and 
at Seven Pines runs near the celebrated battle fields of Savage's Station, 
on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, and Seven Pines or Fair Oaks 
(distant 9 miles), the scene of the bloody seven days battle of June 1862 — 
to New Kent Court-house. 

The Ni7ie Mile Road enters the city by way of Venable Street (Union 
Hill) and is a highway which acquired much notoriety during the late war. 
It is also one of the drives to the field of Seven Pines. 

77^1? Mechanicsville Turnpike enters the city by way of Venable and 
Eighteenth streets, and leads to some of the most sanguinary and hotly 
contested battle fields of the late war. Ellerson's Mill (distant 6 miles), 
Gai7ies Mill, Cold Harbor (distant 7 miles), and the scenes of many skir- 
mishes are reached by this drive. 

The Meadow Bridge Road, entering the city on Seventeenth street, af- 
fords a pleasant drive, leading by many handsome villas and well cultivated 
farms. It is the route by which Lieut.-Gen. A. P. Hill led his corps to 
flank McClellan — the commencement of the "seven days" fight. The 
Meadow Bridge over the Chickahominy is the spot where the first gun 
was fired in that memorable conflict. 

The Brooke Turnpike, entering the city from the north-east, is another 
attractive drive. Dahlgreen's nearest approach to the city (within a mile 
of its corporate limits) in his memorable raid of 1864 was on this road. 
Upon it, distant from the city about two miles, lived in 1800, Thomas 
Prosser, the master of the negro slave Gabriel, who projected an uprising 
of his fellow slaves, whose object was the massacre of their masters and 
families. This, known as " Gabriel's insurrection," was frustrated by the 
3 



34 Historical Sketch 

rising of the Brook Run to the extent to prevent their crossing to 
Richmond, where they hoped to secure arms. 

Deep Run Tiirnpilcc enters the city on the west by Broad street and 
was formerly the hne of travel — before the introduction of railroads — of 
carts which brought coal from the Deep Run Pits, ten miles above the 
city — long abandoned. This road about twelve miles from Richmond 
falls into the 

Three Chop Road, once one of the most famous in the State, as it was 
the most direct route to Louisville, Ky., by which droves of horses, mules 
and cattle from that prolific country were driven to the eastern markets. 
It is now used chief!)' for neighborhood purposes and its road-side taverns, 
once numerous, have disappeared. This as well as other roads of the 
State still bears the marks made by hogsheads of tobacco, when it was the 
practice to roll them to market upon pivots in each end to which were fas- 
tened the necessary horse-shaft. The holes were made by the mud adher- 
ing to the rolling hogsheads, which deposited it further on its course. 

7721? Grove Road affords a short and pleasant afternoon drive There 
is none more fashionable. It is reached by Grace or Franklin streets, and 
runs from the latter through .Sydney, uniting with the Deep Run Turn- 
pike about two miles from the city. There are many handsome seats 
upon it. 

77^1? Westham Road enters the extreme western portion of the city. It 
passes through the most improving suburbs and in full view of the two 
reservoirs, Hollywood Cemetery, the former sites of Winder and Jackson 
Hospitals (the latter now Harvietown), and by some of the finest farms on 
upper James river, and leads to the ancient town of Westham. 

Atlees Station, distant from Richmond eight miles, and Hanover Court- 
house, eighteen miles, both on the line of the Chesapeake and Ohio rail- 
road, were also the scenes of engagements during the late war. 

The Bridges across James Rive" 

at Richmond are as follows : For foot passengers and vehicles, Mayo's 
Bridge, first built by Colonel John Mayo in 1787 (it has repeatedly been 
swept away by floods — more recendy by those of 1870 and 1877), and the 
Manchester Free Bridge, erected in 1872; and the following railroad 
bridges : the Richmond and Danville, the Richmond and Petersburg, and 
the Belle Isle. 

The City of Manchester 

lies immediately opposite Richmond, and contains about 6,500 inhabitants. 
It is situated on an eminence gendy sloping to the river, which gives it a 



OF Richmond, Va. 35 

picturesque appearance as viewed from this side. It has several churches, 
and its society is good. It is noted for its water power and its manufacto- 
ries, having several flouring mills, cotton factories, a paper mill, a cedar- 
ware factor)', and other manufactories in successful operation. It has 
many handsome residences. 

The Midlothian Coal Pits, distant eleven miles, Bellona Arsenal, twelve 
miles above, and Drurys Blujf, eight miles below, on James river, afford 
pleasant drives. A cordon o( /o>ti/ications. or earth-works, surrounds the 
city, and they abound on all the drives mentioned. 

The Old Family Scats of "Wilton," " Chatsworth," and "Powhatan," 
on the north side of James livcr, and of "Whitby," ','Ampthill," and- 
" Shirl ey," on the south side, are within short drives of Richmond ; as are 
also, distant froiu Manchester about four miles, the site of the former 
town of — 

Warwick, which was burnt by Benedict Arnold during the Revolution, 
and is now marked only by an old chimney. It was once a noted shipping 
point for tobacco, and of greater importance than was Richmond. Traces 
of the old wharf are visible at low tide. Tlie poet, Edgar Allan Poe, when 
quite a young man, for a wager, swam against a rising tide from a point 
near where the Ariel's wharf now is to Warwick, and walked back to 
Richmond. About two miles below Warwick is — 

Falling Creek, upon the bank of which, about a half mile from the river, 
was erected the first iron furnace in America. Here, on March 22d, 1622, 
Mr. John Berkeley and twenty of the operatives were massacred by the 
Indians. It is believed that Colonel William Byrd operated a furnace here 
again about 1690, and in 1760 another was founded by Colonel Archibald 
Cary, of Ampthill, who obtained his ore from the Potomac r.nd Maryland. 
His works were burnt by Tarleton during the Revolution. Furnace 
scoriee is abundant here still. 

A little farther down, distant six miles from Richmond, are the noted 
works of defence during our late war, known as Fort Darling, or 

Drewry's Bluff, 

upon the fine farm now owned by William T. King, Esq., of this city, 
which, from its elevated location commands a view of Richmond and is 
in full vision from the river, might be made one of the most attractive and 
imposing private seats along the whole line. Its present owner, from the 
demands upon his time claimed by his manufacturing interests in the city, 
desires to dispose of it. It is to be hoped that he may find a purchaser 
in some gentleman of ample means whose taste and pleasure it may be to 
embelish it as its historic significance deserves. 



36 Historical Sketch 

Near the city of Petersburg, distant by the Richmond and Petersburg- 
Railroad twenty-two miles, is old Blandford Church (built in 1740, and oft 
sung by the poetsj, and its ancient cemetery, with its numerous mouldering 
tombs and their quaint inscriptions. Many natives of England, Scodand, 
Ireland, and of the eastern States of our Union, are buried here. Near 
by, too, is the 

Crater, 

the point at which the Confederate fortifications were mined by the Fede- 
rals and blown up July 30, 1S64, resulting in great slaughter. The deep 
pit made by the explosion is now thickly grown with peach trees, which 
have sprung from the seeds of peaches eaten by visiting tourists and cast 
therein by them. 

Bellona Arsenal. 

The site of this building is on the south side of James river twelve miles 
above Richmond. It was founded in 1S16 as a depot for United States 
militar}' stores, and attached to it was one of the oldest cannon foundries 
in the Union. During the war it was revived and many pieces of ord- 
nance turned out from its works for the use of the Confederates. It was 
demolished in 1877. 

For the objects of interest along James river, the reader is referred to 
the James River Tou7-ist, an exceedingly interesting little volume with 
handsome illustrations, of which two editions have been issued by the 
Virginia Steainboat Company, L. B. Tatum agent. 

The Tobacco Warehouses 

will be found worth visiting by those unacquainted with the handling of 
tobacco. They are as follows : The Shoekoe and Crenshaw's on Shockoe 
Slip, south of Cary street; the Public, on the southside of the canal at 
Eighth street; Anderson's and Wcisigcr's,\n the square below; Centre, 
on Car}' near Virginia street ; the Planter's at the corner of Cary and 
Fifteenth streets ; Mayo's, betiveen the river and the dock, near Mayo's 
Bridge ; and Seabrook's, on Grace between Seventeenth and Eighteenth 
streets. 

Churches — Catholic. 

St. Peter's Cathedral, corner of Grace and Eighth streets. Rt. Rev. 
John J. Keene, D. D., Bishop of the Diocese; Very Rev. F. Jannsans, 
V. G. ; Rev. W. B. Hanley ; Rev. A. A. Habets and Rev. D. J. O'Connell, 
D. D. 



OF Richmond, Va. 37 

St. Mary's German Church, Marshall between Third and Fourth streets. 
Rev. Benno Hegele, O. S. B. ; Rev. Wilebald Bumgartner, O. S. B. 

St. Patrick's Church, Twenty-fifth between Broad and Grace streets. 
Rev. Thomas J. Kelley. 

Episcopal. 

Christ, Washington corner Buchanan. Rev. R. S. Barrett, rector. 

Grace, Main corner Foushee. Rev. H. Melville Jackson, rector. 

St. James', Marshall corner Fifth. Rev. Joshua Peterkin, D. D., rector. 
Rev. G. W. Dame, Jr., assistant. 

St. John's, Broad corner Twenty-fifth. Rev. A. W. Weddell, D. D., 
rector. 

St. Paul's, Grace corner Ninth. Rev. Charles Minnigerode, D. D., 
rector. Rev. Pike Powers, assistant. 

Moore Memorial Church, Laurel street near Main. Rev. D. F. Sprigg, 
D. D. rector. 

St. Mark's, First corner Clay. Rev. T. G. Dashiel, D. D., rector. 

St. Andrew's, Laurel corner Beverley. Rev. Pike Powers, rector. 

Monumental, Broad bet. Twelfth and College streets. Rev. J. G. Arm- 
strong, D. D. 

Baptist. 

Fulton, Nicholson near Eighth, Port Mayo, Rev. J. M. Buder. 

First, Broad cor. Twelfth, Rev. J. B. Hawthorn, D. D. 

Second, Main cor. Sixth, Rev. Henry McDonald, D. D. 

Grace Street, cor. Foushee and Grace, Rev. Wm. E. Hatcher, D. D. 

Leigh Street, Leigh cor. Twent>'-fifth, Rev. J. R. Garlick, D. D. 

Pine Street, Pine cor. Spring, Rev. J. B. Hutson. 

Sidney, Reservoir cor. Main, Rev. Edmond Harrison. 

Venable Street, Venable cor. Buchanan, Rev. Geo. F. Williams. 

German Baptist Mission, hold service at First Bapdst Church. 

Clay Street Mission, cor. Clay and Graham, Rev. Samuel C. Clopton. 

Jewish. 

Beth Ahabah, Eleventh bet. Marshall and Clay, Rev. A. Harris, minister, 
and M. Millhiser, president. 

K. K. Kanesseth Israel, Mayo near Ross, Moses Myer, president. 
K. K. Beth Shalom, Mayo near Broad, A. Levy, president. 

Lutheran. 

German Evangelical Bethlehem, Sixth near Leigh, Rev. F. Dreyer. 



38 Historical Sketch 

St. John's German, Fifth, cor. Jackson, Rev. Edward Huber. 
First English, Grace cor. Seventh, Rev. W. C. Schaeffer. 

Methodist Episcopal. 

Broad Street, Broad cor. Tenth, Rev. W. G. Starr. 
Centenary, Grace bet. Fourth and Fifth, Rev. R. N. Sledd, D. D. 
Clay Street, Clay cor. Adams, Rev. A. G. Brown. 
Laurel Street, Church Street, near Maiden Lane, Rev. W. P. Wright. 
Park Place, Franklin cor. Pine, Rev. J. E. Edwards, D. D. 
Union Station, Twenty-fifth cor. N, Rev. W. C. Vaden. 
Trinity, Twentieth and Broad, Rev. W. E. Judkins. 
Nicholson Street, Rocketts, Rev. J. Howard Sledd. 
German Mission, Leigh bet. First and St. James, Rev. Geo. H. Zimmer- 
man. 

Presbyterian'. 

First, Capitol cor. Tenth, Rev. Thos. L. Preston, D. D. 
Second, Fifth bet. Main and Franklin, Rev. Moses D. Hoge, D. D. 
Second Presbyterian Church Chapel, 907 West Grace, Rev. M. D. 
Hoge, D. D. 

Third, Broad cor. Twenty-sixth (Church Hill), Rev. Wm. N. Scott, D. D. 
Grace Street, Grace cor. Fourth, Rev. C. H. Read, D. D. 

Christian. 

Seventh Street, cor. Seventh and Grace streets. Rev. J. Z. Tyler. 
Main Street, Main bet. Pine and Laurel, Elder J. A. Dearborn. 
Twenty-fifth Street Chapel, Twenty-fifth cor. M, Rev. J. Z, Tyler. 

Friends. 

Clay, bet. First and Foushee, John B. Crenshaw. 

Universalist. 

First Independent, Mayo bet. Ross and Broad. 

Colored Churches — Baptist. 

First, Broad cor. College, Rev. J. H. Holmes. This church is said to 
have a membership of 4,001 — the largest congregation in the United 
States. The building occupies the site of the noted " Old African Church" 
which was demolished in 1876. It was erected between the years 1790 
and 1800 for the whites, but when the present First Baptist Church was 



OF Richmond, Va. 



39 



erected in 1841, the old church was given up to the colored Baptists. The 
dead and dying victims of the lamentable burning of the Richmond The- 
atre, December 26, 181 1, were brought here and laid upon the floor on 
the night of the disaster. The Virginia Convention of 1829-30 met here, 
and it was often used as an exhibition hall and lecture room. 

Second, Byrd and First Streets, Rev. W. H. Brooks. 

Third, Ebenezer, Leigh cor. Judah, Rev. R. H. Wells. 

Fourth, Thirty-second bet. M. and N. 

Fifth, Main near Reservoir, Rev. Eli Saunders. . 

Si.xth, Mount Zion, Duval cor. St. John, Rev. John Jasper. 

Shiloh, cor. Richardson and Seventeenth streets. Rev. H. Harris. 

Missionary, Moore bet. Gilham and Graham, Rev. Wm. Troy. 

Rising Mt. Zion, Graham Street, Rocketts, Rev. Archer Fergusson. 

Mt. Tabor, Woodville, Rev. C. C. Figgins. 

Episcopal. 
St. Philip's, Leigh cor. St. James, Rev. G. W. Dame, Jr. 

Methodist. 

Third Street, Third bet. Leigh and Jackson, Rev. W. B. Derrick. 
Asbury, Twenty-fifth near N, Rev. J. H. Valentine. 

Religious Statistics. 









Number 


Denominations. 


Number of 
Churches. 


Membership. 


IN Sunday 
School. 


Baptist — White, .... 

Baptist — Colored, 

Catholic, ..... 


9 
10 


4,091 
12,756 
5,161 


3.470 
3,200 
1,012 


Christians, .... 
Episcopal — White, - . - - 
Episcopal — Colored, 


2 
9 

I 


782 
2,229 


419 

1,970 

80 


Friends, - ... - 


I 






Hebrew, .... 

Lutherans, - . . . - 
Methodist — White, 


3 


235 

489 

2,705 


184 

430 
1,940 


Methodist — Colored, 


2 


409 


134 


Presbyterians, . - . . 


4 


1,476 


1,698 


Totals, ..... 


55 


30,333 


i4,5'7 



These statistics are indicative, as well of the rapid progress of Rich- 
mond, as of the steady advance of religious interest. What a marked 



40 Historical Sketch 

contrast between the present exhibit and the fact that at the beginning of 
the present century the only commodious place of public worship in the 
city was the venerable St. John's Church. There were besides the Friends 
meeting-house, on Nineteenth street, between Main and Cary — a small 
brick building; and a cheap structure of wood at the corner of Second 
and Cary streets, used by the Baptists. The Methodist denomination was 
represented in Richmond, but it is not known that they possessed a dedi- 
cated place of meeting. Service was held alternately on the Sabbath 
in the Hall of the House of Delegates in the Capitol, by Rev. John Buch- 
anan, D. D., of the Episcopal, and Rev. John D. Blair, of the Presbyterian, 
Church, of beloved memory. They were both familiarly designated as 
" Parson," and were remunerated for their services by a subscription taken 
up among the citizens of Richmond at large and irrespective of creed or 
faith. Abbe Dubois, a learned Catholic prelate, afterwards Bishop of New 
York, also held denominational service occasionally in the Senate Cham- 
ber of the Capitol. 

Asylums. 

Si. Joseplis Female Orphan, in charge of the Sisters of Charity. 
Founded 1834, cor. Marshall and Fourth streets. 

^1^. Sophza's Home for Old People, 16 near Harvie. Established 1874 
by the charity of W. Shakespeare Caldwell. 

Richvwnd Male Orphan, on Amelia near Robinson street, beyond the 
western city limits, was founded in 1846. 

Protestant Episcopal Clmrch Home for females. No. 507 north Fourth 
street. 

St. PauVs Church Home — Children's department, 506 east Leigh street ; 
women's department, 706 Leigh street. 

Female Orphan Asyhivi, under the direction of the " Ladies Humane 
Association of Richmond," a large brick building at the corner of Leigh 
and Seventh streets, was erected by means of a bequest from Edmund 
Walls, a native of Ireland and a former merchant of Richmond; the 
foundation of the building was laid in 1805 — the Association incorporated 
in 1811. 

Retreat for the Sick, No. 1225 Marshall street. 

Secret Orders. 

The several Masonic bodies, the Odd-Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Im- 
proved Order of Red Men, and the benevolent and beneficiary orders of 
the Knights of Honor, Royal Arcanum, and those under the ausjiicts of 
the Hebrews and Catholics, and of various trades-unions, arc (juilc nume- 



OF Richmond, Va. 41 

rous in Richmond. They will be found enumerated, with their places of 
meeting, in the City Directory. 

Public Buildings. 

The present City Hall is a temporary and inexpensive building, located 
midway between Ninth and Tenth streets, and fronting on both Broad and 
Capitol streets. Here are the rooms of the Chancery and Hustings 
Courts, with their respective clerk's offices, and those of the Mayor, Col- 
lector of City Taxes, Commissioner of the Revenue, Auditor, City Engi- 
neer, Clerk of the Council, Inspector of Gas, City Sergeant, Sealer of 
Weights and Measures, and the Council Chamber and Jury Rooms. The 
City Hall built about the beginning of the present century, which for- 
merly stood on Eleventh between Broad and Capitol streets, having be- 
come insecure from decay, was demolished in 1874. The city proposes 
to replace it with a durable hall of granite, not yet commenced. 

Pviel Hospital, west end of Broad street. 

City Jail, corner of Marshall street and Jail alley. 

Central Lunatic Asyhim, for the colored insane, Howard's Grove. 

Alms-hoJise, at the northern extremity of Third street. This is an excel- 
lent and commodious building, and the institution is admirably kept by 
the efficient Superintendent, Captain Charles P. Bigger. An infirmary 
attached is a beneficence to the unfortunate and suffering in the relief 
afforded by the systematic dispatch of its Ambulance Corps, its comforts, 
regimen, and careful nursing and medical treatment. 

State Penitentiary, on Oregon Hill. 

Connty Court-house and Jail, corner Main and Twenty-second streets. 

State Court-house, Eleventh street between Broad and Marshall. 

Virginia Historical Society Rooins, Eleventh street between Broad and 
Marshall. 

First Market, Main street corner of Seventeenth. 

Second Market, corner of Marshall and Sixth streets. 

Police Headqjiarters and First Police Station, over the First Market, 
corner Main and Seventeenth streets. 

Second Police Station, over Second Market, corner Sixth and Mar- 
shall streets. 

Third Police Station, over engine-house corner Clay street and Brook, 
avenue. 

Circuit Court Rooms, Stearns' building, opposite the post-office. 

Mozart Hall, Eighth betwean Franklin and Grace streets. 
Was/migton Hall, Broad between Ninth and Tenth streets. 

Wilkinson Hall, Ninth street between Main and Franklin. 



42 Historical Sketch 

6V. Albans Hall, corner Third and Main streets. 

Masons' Hall, Franklin street between Eighteenth and Nineteenth. 

Pythian Hall, corner Eleventh and Bank streets. 

Marshall Hall, corner Tenth and Bank streets. 

Odd-Fellows'' Hall, corner of Franklin and Mayo streets. The Police 
Court is held here. 

Ha?-mo?iy Hall, Broad street between Sixth and Seventh, south side. 

Schiller Hall, Broad street between Sixth and Seventh, north side. 

Springfield Hall, corner Twenty-sixth and M streets. 

City Water Works Office, under Washington Hall, Broad between 
Ninth and Tenth streets. 

Yoking Men's Chrisiian Association Rooms, over 821 east Main street. 

First National Bank, 1104 east Main street. Capital, $600,000. 

National Ba7ik of Virginia, 1016 east Main street. Authorized capital, 
$500,000. 

Planters National Bank, 1200 east Main street. Capital, $300,000; 
Surplus, $100,000. 

Merchants National Bank, 121J east Main street. Capital, $200,000. 

Union Bank of Richmond, 1104 east Main street. Capital, $250,000. 

Richmond Banking and Insurance Company, 1301 east Main street. 
Capital, $175,000; Surplus, $55,000. 

Bank of Commerce, 1117 east Main street. 

Merchants and Planters Savings Bank, 1 103 east Main street. Capital, 
$150,000. 

City Bank of Richmond, corner Main and Fourteenth streets. Capital, 
$125,000. 

Citizens Bank of Richmond, 1015 east Main street. 

State Bank of Virginia, mi east Main street. Capital, $300,000. 

The offices of the various staunch insurance companies, fire, life and 
marine, are chiefly located on Main street between Ninth and Fourteenth. 

Newspapers and Periodicals. 

Dispatch, Daily, Semi-Weekly and Weekly; published by the Dispatch 
Company. President, James A. Cowardin; Secretary and Treasurer, 
Henry K. Ellyson. Northwest corner Main and Twelfth streets. 

Whig, Daily, Semi-Weekly and Weekly. 100 Governor street. 

The State, Daily, Evening and Weekly ; Chamberlayne and Beirne. 
Ninth corner of Main. 

The Richmond Standard, Weekly, Literary; G. Watson J.iiiics, editor 
and proprietor; R. A. Brock, editor of historical department. Ov<r the 
State office. 



OF Richmond, Va. 43 

Guide and News, Weekly. i6 north Ninth street. 
Virginia Siaats Gazette, (German) Daily ; Jno. H. Pein. 8 north 
Twelfth street. 

Advertiser, (German) Daily, B. Hassell. Governor near Franklin. 

Religious Herald, (Baptist) Weekly; Jeter & Dickinson. 1115 east 
Main street. 

Southej-n Planter and Farmer, Monthly ; L. R. Dickinson. 11 15 east 
Main street. 

Educational Jou7-nal, Monthly ; W. F. Fox. No. 5 south Twelfth St. 

Central Presbyterian, Weekly; Richardson & Southall. 1015 east 
Main street. 

Richmond Christian Advocate, (M. E. Church South); Rev. J. J. 
Lafferty. Over No. 30 north Ninth street. 

Children's Friend (Presbyterian), Semi-monthly ; Whittet & Shepper- 
son for Presbyterian Committee of Publication. looi east Main street. 

Earliest W^^ir/tfr (Presbyterian), Semi-monthly ; Whittet & Shepperson 
for Presbyterian Committee of Publication. looi east Main. 

Catholic Visitor, Weekly ; by McGill Lyceum. J. A. Pizzini, manager. 

Southern Clinic (Medical), Monthly; Bryce & Wheat. 506 north 
Second. 

Southern Intelligencer, Monday Morning; J. R. Popham. 1202 Main 
street. 

Southern Churchman (Episcopal); Rev. D. F. Sprigg, D. D. Corner 
Main and Eleventh street. 

Virginia Star, devoted to the interests of the colored race ; Weekly. 
Stewart, Woolfolk & Co.; R. P. Brooks, editor. No. 211 north Sixth 
street. 

Journal of the Virginia Agricultural Society, Monthly. 

Every Saturday, Weekly. 

Telegraphs. 

Western Union Com.pany, 12 10 east Main. 
Telephonic Exchange, Ninth and Main streets. 

Hotels. 

American, J. S. Dodson, proprietor; Main corner of Twelfth street. 
Capitol, F. J. Reiley; 1204 east Franklin. 

Exchange and Ballard, Q.o\ox\A1.'L,.Q?ixr\r\^X.O'!\; 1400 and 1401 east 
Franklin. 

Ford's, A.J. Ford; Eleventh corner Broad. 
St. Charles, W. N. Bragg; 1500 east Main. 



44 Historical Sketch 

St Claire, Stephen Hunter; Ninth corner of Grace. 
St. James, A. B. Moore; No. 15 north Twelfth. 

Railroad Depots. 

RicJinio)id, Fredericksburg and Poloniac, corner of Eighth and Byrd 
and Broad and Eighth streets. 

Richmond and Danville, near the river between Thirteenth and Four- 
teenth streets. 

Richmond and York River, Car}' between Twenty-fourth and Twenty- 
fifth streets. 

Richmond and Pelersbiirg, corner of Eighth and Byrd streets. 

Chesapeake and Ohio, corner of Broad and Seventeenth streets. 

Passenger tickets for them all, and for the several steamboat lines, can 
be obtained of A. W. Garber, Transfer office, 826 east Main street. 

The office of the Canal Packet Line is at the corner of canal bank and 
Eighth street. 

James River Steamboat Compaiiy, foot of Ash street, Rocketts. 

Powhatan Steamboat Pine Jor Baltiniore, Twenty -second and Dock 
streets. 

Philadelphia Steamship Line, near foot of Ash street, Rocketts. 

Old Do7ninion Steamship Line for New York, Dock below Twenty- 
eighth street, Rocketts. 

The City Railway, 

the horse cars of which pass every few minutes, conveys passengers from 
the corner of Twenty-seventh, along Main street to Ninth, up the same to 
Broad, along which to Laurel, thence to Main, thence to Morton's Flower 
Garden. 

Career's Ommibus Line 

offers like accommodations from Nineteenth and Main streets to Holly- 
wood, by way of Main and Cherry streets. Fare of each line five cents, 
thus affording access at a trivial cost, and easy range to all portions of the 
city. Information as to localities will be cheerfully imparted by the 
drivers. 

The Bell Telephone. 

Richmond is not behind other cities in respect to this important addi- 
tion to the facilities of the age for conducting business. 

A "Telephonic Exchange" on the plan in operation in New York, St. 
Louis, Chicago, Baltimore and other large cities, was opened in March, 
1879, and now numbers about three hundred members. 



OF Richmond, Va. 45 

The method of this system is now too well known to require explana- 
tion here, and the great advantages of instant oral communication with a 
person in a remote quarter of the city with whom one wishes to transact 
business are apparent to the most superficial mind. Mr. Ormes, the 
General Southern Agent of the National Bell Telephone Co., has been 
chiefly instrumental in bringing about an important arrangement by which 
the Western Union Telegraph Company agrees to withdraw from the 
Telephone business, and later he has been engiiged in perfecting details 
for the organization of a new company to manage the telephone busi- 
ness in the seven States of Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, 
South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and I'lorida. The name is The 
Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company. Capital stock, 
$1,000,000. Officers: President, Anson Stager, of Chicago ; Vice-Presi- 
dent, H. McK. Twombly, New York ; General Superintendent, James M. 
Ormes; Assistant General Superintendent, D. H. Louderback ; Secretary, 
D. I. Carson. Mr. Jas. D. Tracy is manager of the Richmond Exchange 
and Division Manager of the First Division, comprising Virginia, West 
Virginia, and North Carolina, and Mr. J. W. Kates is Division Superin- 
tendent of construction for the same leiritory. 

The new company and the l^xchange occupy fine and handsomely fur- 
nished rooms in the elegant building of the Piedmont and Arlington 
Life Insurance Company, reached by a passenger elevator, the first to be 
introduced into a business Ijuilding in Richmond. 

The Richmond Telei)iionic Exchange is one of the institutions well 
worth a visit. The Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company 
starts off with a most jiromising prospect. Its officers expect before long 
to connect cities by telephone. It will be a consummation most devoutly 
to be wished for, when a merchant can talk to his correspondent in 
New York or New Orleans, and this is confidently anticipated at no dis- 
tant day. 

Valentine's Meat Juice. 

Prominent among the varied industries of Richmond is the unique en- 
terprise of Mann S. Valentine, whose "Meat Juice" has attained a world- 
wide reputation as a vital resource for suffering humanity and an essential 
adjunct to medical skill, having received the endorsement of the profes- 
sion in this country and Europe. To Mr. Valentine belongs the enviable 
honor of having, after costly experiments persistently continued for years, 
achieved a surprising degree of success in concentration, — one of his two- 
ounce vials containing the equivalent of a pint and a half of the ordinary- 
extract of beef A tea-spoonful of the juice in a glass of water forms an 
entirely palatable nourishment to fastidious taste even. Introduced as late 



46 Historical Sketch 

as 1871, its successful competition with the long established preparations 
of the famed Liebig and of others, attests its excellence. The medical 
faculty in this country and abroad is unanimous in its testimony that the 
"Meat Juice" can be retained on the stomach when all other forms of 
nourishment are rejected. An inspection of the complete and admirably 
appointed establishment of Mr. Valentine will enlighten satisfactorily as to 
the causes of his wonderful success. The marked cleanliness, the freedom 
from unpleasant odor, and the evident manifold agencies of science in- 
volved in the manufacture, makes patent to all that Mr. Valentine has a 
special mission, and that his "Meat Juice" is a boon to humanity. 

The Howgate Arctic Expedition carried out a large quantity of the 
"Meat Juice" among its stores, and it was exhibited in that experience 
that a two-ounce vial of it (which contains the nutriment of four pounds 
of fine lean beef — no fat being used in the process) was sufficient to sus- 
tain a man for two days. Eminent medical men in every land regard it 
as a most valuable acquisition to the dietetic remedies prepared for sani- 
tary purposes. It more nearly represents fresh meat than any other ex- 
tract of meat; its price places it within the reach of all, and it is so pre- 
pared that it will retain its properties unimpaired beneath tropical suns or 
amid polar snows. 

Flouring Mills. 

The fame of Richmond for the conceded excellence of its flour dates 
from the first decade of the present century, and is world-wide. The soil 
and climate of the region in which it is located is peculiarly adapted to 
the production of a quality of wheat which alone has been found to yield 
a flour which will successfully defy the climatic tests to which it is sub- 
jected in equatorial exportation, being entirely unaffected by the damps 
of sea voyages or the most torrid heat, whilst the best varieties of flour of 
Northern manufacture become under like circumstances either dry, sour 
or rr.usty, and b ^ TOnie valueless. In the dispensai-'"on of breadstuflTs Rich- 
mond is justly entitled to be considered a universal almoner. Its milling 
interests are of unapproachable magnitude, chief among its establishments 
being that of the Haxall-Crenshaw Company, which in extent and capacity 
is the largest of the kind in the world. 

It was founded in the year 1809, by Philip and William Haxall, broth- 
ers, its location having for years previously been used as a milling site, 
with an interesting local history. 

The Haxall firm, whose name and style was often varied, as brother 
after brother joined or retired from it, retaining always at its head R. Bar- 
ton Haxall, was in 1858 enriched by the accession of the late enterjjrising 
and sagacious Lewis D. Crenshaw, and as Haxall, Crenshaw cS: Co. speed- 



OF Richmond, Va. 4T 

ily impressed themselves as supply magnates in the commercial world. 
The lamented death of Mr. Crenshaw in 1876, necessitated a further 
change in the control of the mills, which then became vested in a joint- 
stock company, under the style of the " Haxall-Crenshaw Company," with 
R. Barton Haxall as President, Philip Ha.xall, Vice President, and Lewis 
D. Crenshaw, Jr., as Secretary and Treasurer. 

The buildings have three times been destroyed by fire — in 1830, 1861 
(upon the evacuation of Richmond), and last in April 1874, being each 
time replaced by others of enlarged capacity and mechanical provisions, 
until now their produce is in excess of 1 50,000 barrels of their peerless 
brands yearly, with a capacity for yet more extensive production. 



Before closing, we deem it but right to make mention of the fact, that 
among tlie Stationers and Publishers who were so well and favorably 
known to the public previous to and during the late war, but few remain. 
J. W. Randolph, of J. W. Randolph & English, James Woodhouse, of 
Woodhouse & Parham, and West & Johnston, now West, Johnston & 
Co., are the only houses whose signs and faces carry us back to those 
memorable days when they stood, as to-day, surpassed by none in their 
individual specialties. 

We also congratulate our citizens upon the increased extension of our 
commercial houses, and the introduction of new mechanical and manufac- 
turing enterprises, prominent among which are the Chemical Works of 
James M. Talbott & Co., located in the lower part of the city, and the 
Furniture Manufactory of Joseph B. Welch, located in Power building, 
nth street, between Main and Cary, which go to swell the large number 
of manufactories already in operation, and to increase the assortment and 
quality of our home manufactures. 

The following Tables, procured from perfecdy reliable sources, will 
serve to show, to some extent, the magnitude of our Export Trade in the 
great commercial staple — Tobacco, and also, the increased and increasing 
strength of our Manufacturing Interests. 



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RICHMOND MANUFACTORIES. 

[From Richmond Dispatch, Jan'y 1, 18S0.] 





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Agricultural machinerj', imple 

Ale, beer and soda-water 

Bakers 

Barrels 

Bark and sumac 

Bai^ and cutton-bagging 

Bricks 

Builders 

Bitters 

Bookbinders, lithographers and paper-box maker 

Book-and job-printers 

Boota, shoes, leather and leather goods 

Brooms, wood and willow ware 

Boies (wood) 

Candy 

Carriages, wagons and carts 

Cigars and cigarettes 

Cigar boxes 

Coffee and spice mills 

Clothing 

Corn meal 

Cotton factories 

Cotton and woollen mill fixtures 

Drugs, medicines, and meat-juice 

Fertilizers 

Flou 

Furr 

Qi 

In 



nattresses, &c.. . 

Qite works 

I and nail works, machii 



Lime.. 

Lubricators, oil and grease 

Marble and stone works 

Paper mills 

Pork packing 

Saddles, harness, horse-coUaiB 

Sash, blinds, doors, &c 

Saw-works 

Seines and nets 

Soap and caudles. 

Steam forge 

Stone ware 

Stove works 

Tailors (merchant) 

Tinware, ^:ts titting, plumbing 

Tob:icco (chewing) 

Tobacco (smoking) 

Tobacco (stf muied). 

Tobacco (reprized) _, 

Tobacco-fixtnrea manufactories 

Trunks „ 

Type foundry 

Underwear (ladies and gentlemen).. 
Wire-railing and verandas 



i works, foundries [ 12 



Totals I 566 14,193 82,392,981 t4,429,92ll$23,486,540 



40,000 J 
U,000 
16,450 
4,796 
29,200 
17.626 
11,6001 
32,500 



50 
58,000 
66,160 
10,454 
50,430 
11,200 
26,450 

7,035 

19.960 

725 

8,500 

2,326 
62,300 
215,000 

1,000 
23,927 
62,000 
311,000 

8,790 

46,000 

672,000 

180 

5,000 

1,450 
70,000 
10,000 

6,240 
S2.700 
12,000 

2,000 

7,500 
40,000 

6,000 
25.000 

4,7S5 
16,-95 
371,100 
24,300 
13.100 
12,350 
11,200 
850 



63,250 
39,000! 
14,0001 
83,000] 
89,000 
5,000 
39,000 
55,000 
91, 321 1 
29,200 
25,600 
104,500' 
72,700! 
67,120 
2.7001 
14.000i 
20,600] 
29,80o! 
95,000l 
2,400 1 
277.380] 
J4,00U 
1,082,000 
Si,600i 
lOS.OOOl 
485,600 
l(i,600i 
14,000] 
]3,900l 
25,000' 
35,000, 
48,21 10 
40,500[ 
14,000 
1,500 
20,600 
6,600 
2,800 
25,000' 
96,960 1 
192,600 
400,0001 
60,60O' 
131,000, 
662001 
3,000 
12,000 
4,000 
8,600l 
6,000 



! 525,000 

58,000 

176,100 

110,420 

240,000 

72,000 

143,000 

390,000 

3,000 

161,800 

173,600 

170,150 

124,000 

131.000 

305,000 

125,U0 

532,675 

6,300 

135,000 

160,000 

304,800 

338,000 

12,000 

686,000 

680,000 

2,330,406 

149,71 

480,000 

2,249,.349 

19,300 

96,600 

27,800 

210,000 

1,750,600 

175,100 

116,300 

30,000 

4,500 

61,500 

125,0.0 

6,0 

75,000 

1.80 

. 337,300 

7,377,600 

647,290 

539,760 

693,600 

68,750 

24,000 

22,000 

29,-iOO 

9,500 



50 Richmond as a Manufacturing 



TRADE NOTES. 



THE JOBBING TRADE. 



From the facilities of transportation by water and rail, and through her 
direct foreign importations, Richmond is enabled to compete successfully 
with her rival sister cities, in supplying the Virginia, West Virginia, North 
Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee Jobbing demand for Groceries, Diy 
Goods, Hardware, Notions, Boots and Shoes, Hats and Caps, Clothing, 
Books and Stationery, Tin Ware and Stoves, Crockery and Glass Ware, 
Straw Goods, Millinery, Drugs and Oils, Confections, Paper Boxes and 
Bags, &c., &c., and her rapidly increasing trade attests her growing im- 
portance as a commercial and manufacturing city. The long established 
reputation of her merchants lor probity and fair dealing renders them 
with the sections named second to none in jsopularity. 

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 

Richmond is more extensively engaged in the manufacture of the im- 
plements of agriculture, the essential basis of all material pro.sperity, than 
any other city in the South, and is the source of supply for the farms and 
plantations throughout the Soudi and West, with whom her implements — 
more especially the plow — for all soils and crops is in first esteem. Among 
the extensive manufacturers the well known house of Messrs. H. M. 
Smith & Co. stands unsurpassed. By lineal succession from the jusdy 
popular Jabez Parker it has been the emporium of Richmond in the gen- 
eral line of farming implements and of kindred suppli-'; for more than 
half a century. 

Mr. Charles T. Palmer, successor of his so long and well known father, 
Wm. Palmer, is hardly less popular, and next in order of seniority, and his 
plows' and light castings, as well as his ability to furnish any implement 
or seed the trucker or planter may need, deserves note. 

Among her favored manufacturers we may mention the staunch firm of 
Watt & Call — whose senior partner, George Watt, is a thorough enthu- 
siast in all that pertains to his line. Born on a farm, the promotion and 
needs of agriculture have always been first in his affections, and have un- 
remittingly engaged his attention. His present farm, " Springfield," within 
the precincts of the historic Chickahominy war region,, is presented by the 



AND Trading Centre. 51 

Henrico Agricultural Club as a model of skillful and scientific management. 
But, as the inventor of the justly celebrated Watt Plow, first patented in 
1840, and known as the "Cuff and Brace Plow," and improved repeat- 
edly since, till now every requirement seems to have been perfected, he 
will be transmitted in our annals as a benefactor to the noble cause of 
agriculture. 

AUCTIONEERS. 

The auctioneers of Richmond are all men of noted skill and tact in 
their special line, having almost without exception prepared themselves 
for their chosen vocation, by preparatory service from boyhood, under the 
tuition of time honored predecessors. It gives us pleasure from our per- 
sonal knowledge to vouch for the capacity and fidelity of Mr. J. E. Laugh- 
ton, Jr., as set forth in his advertisement. 

BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. 

The boot and shoe trade of Richmond is one of the largest and most 
important tributaries to her rapidly increasing wholesale trade, and com- 
mands the attention of the merchants dealing in these lines, who are 
desirous of purchasing good, reliable and first-class merchandise at fig- 
ures which cannot be honestly surpassed. The gendemen who compose 
the various firms of our city have acquired their present standing by 
many years of practical experience in the business, and are well qualified 
in every respect to meet any demand the trade may call for, and being 
upright and prompt in all of their business dealings, they offer a market 
for goods of all grades in which they guarantee satisfaction. 

The steam-ship communication between Boston and Richmond is so 
direct and e.xpeditious that our merchants are constantiy in receipt of 
goods from tiie New England factO'--es at such rates that th°y successfully 
compete with Baltimore, Philadelphia and even New York houses, and 
not only hold their own but are increasing their sales largely season after 
season ; the sales in which previous to the late war amounted to less than 
one million of dollars, now aggregate two millions of dollars ($2,000,000), 
showing that the shoe trade is in a growing and prosperous condition, 
and that through the untiring enterprise of her merchants, Richmond is 
destined to be the most important distributing point South. In corrobo- 
ration of our statements we refer with great pleasure to the house of 
Messrs. Wingo, Ellett & Crump, No. 1308 Main street, already so well and 
favorably known to the trade as to require no personal introduction. 



52 Richmond as a Mancfacturing 

BOOKS, BINDING, &c. 

The Booksellers of Richmond are all gentlemen of superior intelligence, 
and of long experience, possessing a critical knowledge of books, and a 
thorough familiarity with the needs of the scholar, professional man and 
the general public. They have each of them been more or less largely 
engaged in publishing, and are prepared to undertake such work for au- 
thors, or on their own account, as they are, also, for binding in all styles, 
whether for the library or counting-room. 

CANNED GOODS 

are extensively manufactured by Mr. John B. Davis at his fruit farm, 
"Lester Manor," near this city, the full details of which are in our article 
under this head. 

CEDAR WORKS. 

The onlv establishment for the manufacture of Cedar Ware in the South 
is located in Manchester, just across the James river from Richmond. 
The supplies are obtained from the wondrous and weird half submerged 
wild-wood, the Great Dismal Swamp, so oft celebrated in verse and prose 
— notably by Tom Moore and Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe. The pro- 
ducts of the Richmond Cedar Works cannot be excelled in quality, nor 
competed with in cheapness of price by those of any other establishment 
in the Union. 

CHINA AND GLASS-WARE. 

That essential to comfort and tasteful domestic display — the China and 
Glass-Ware trade — has adequate representation in Richmond. Tlie house 
in point of seniority being that of George Gibson, Jr., the successor of 
the late firm of Kellogg & Gibson, which was a revival, in 1865, of the 
old and so favorably known establishment of ante-bellum days of Geo. J. 
Sumner & Co., Mr. Kellogg having been the junior partner of the last 
named firm. Mr. Gibson presents not only all needful domestic wares, 
but he carries constantly a choice and valuable stock of bric-a-brac in all 
of its rich and ever varying novelties. Here the heart of the dilettante 
.taate may rejoice in utmost fullness. 

COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 

The commission merchants of Richmond are noted for their system, 
sagacity and fidelity in the execution of all business entrusted to them. 



AND Trading Centre. 53 

Among those to whom we desire to refer, is Mr. W. H. Cox, No. 9, 15th 
street, who has had an experience in our midst of a score of years, or 
more, His advertisement will make further announcement of the various 
trusts which he will undertake. 

CONFECTIONS. 

In taste and skill the Confectioners of Richmond are unsurpassed by 
those of any other section and their manufactures are widely and justly 
esteemed for their purity and e.xcellence. 

COTTON MILLS. 

The products of the extensive Cotton Mills of Manchester, the neigh- 
boring sister city of Richmond, across the James — the Old Dominion 
Mills, are held in high esteem, second to none in the Union, and the 
prices at which they are sold defy competition. 

DRY GOODS. 

Not only does Richmond offer a full line of importations from Europe, 
but the excellent products of the Cotton Mills of our neighboring city of 
Manchester, as well as the jusdy popular " Charlottesville Goods," from 
the woollen mills of that Educational city — always in full supply — deserve 
special mention at our hands, and the just patronage of the jobbing trade. 
The old and well known representatix'e house in this branch of Rich- 
mond's Commerce, Messrs. A. L. Ellett & Co., adjoining the American 
Hotel, offer the trade a full line of Imported and Domestic Dry Goods 
and Notions, to compete with houses of the Northern cities in variety and 
prices. The retail dealer will find a saving of time and freight by dealing 
with them. 

ENGRAVERS, (Wood.) 

Mesrs. Perrigo & Gann, corner Fourteenth and Main streets, do all 
kinds of Wood Engraving and mechanical draughting. They solicit esti- 
mates, guaranteeing accuracy and satisfaction. 

FERTILIZERS. 

Richmond is now in fertilizers a centre of importance, its convenience of 
location making it a distributing point for these goods, of the first-class, 
to the country south of Virginia. The Southern Fertilizing Company, of 



54 Richmond as a Manufacturing 

which Colonel Wm. H. Palmer is president, commenced the manufacture 
of work, specially adapted to the region tributaiy to Richmond, in Feb- 
ruary, 1866, and its business has increased largely in volume from year to 
year, thus attesting the value of its operations to the farming community. 

GROCERIES. 

In the importation of Sugar and Coffee, Richmond has been impor- 
tantly engaged for quite three-quarters of a century, and it may be of 
value to note that one at least, if not more, of its present principal import- 
ing firms is a lineal successor of an early pioneer. In Bacon, her supplies 
from the great West are not only regular, but her own large curing and 
packing establishments, supplement them with a superior and more desir- 
able article for family consumption. The Smithfield Bacon, and that of 
Richmond cure, are justly esteemed throughout the Union. In Flour, the 
fame of the Richmond mills is world-wide. 

HARDWARE. 

The Hardware merchants of Richmond offer in addition to their own 
importations of approved English Cutlery, Steel and Swedes Iron, a full 
line of American manufactures, and desirable home productions — the iron, 
the horse shoes and spikes of the Tredegar Mills, the unsurpassed nails of 
the Old Dominion Iron and Nail Works, and the deservedly popular 
saws of Messrs. A. J. Miller & Co. 

Messrs. Watkins, Cottrell & Co., the leading house of Richmond in this 
line, offers a full stock of the above goods and everything coming under 
the direct head of Hardware. 

HOUSE-FITTING AND PLUMBING. 

As in other branches of building equipment, Richmond offers in the line 
of plumbing and house-fitting in all the essentials of domestic comfort 
and convenience, an assortment of suppHes, and a skill in mechanical 
execution unsurpassed elsewhere in the Union. 

INSURANCE. 

The Insurance Companies of Richmond are all experienced corpora- 
tions of undoubted responsibility, proverbial for a prudent and sagacious 
management, which has compared signally to their advantage with that 
of hke institutions in other cities of our Union. Not only are there 
numerous staunch local companies in Life, Fire and Marine Insurance, 



AND Trading Centre. 55 

. but a majority of those prominent in the Union, and several of the 
gigantic corporations of Europe are represented. 

IRON AND NAIL WORKS, (Old Dominion.) 

This extensive establishment, the superior products of which have so 
long and widely held precedence, is located on the commanding Belle Isle 
in James river, which obtained celebrity during our late unhappy war as 
the secure prison of thousands of Federal soldiers. It was first chartered 
March 19, 1S32, as the Belle Isle Manufacturing Company, with General 
Jacqueline B. Harvie, Dr. John Brockenbrough, John R. Triplett and 
others as incorporators. Operations were first commenced in 1836, one 
year prior to the establishment of the famed Tredegar Works. It is con- 
sequently the oldest establishment of its kind in Richmond, or its vicinity. 

MATTRESSES AND FURNITURE. 

Richmond may boast of several thoroughly appointed manufactories of 
furniture, which offer a full line of articles to suit all tastes and degrees of 
means — for the cottage or the palatial residence, defying competition in 
this wide range,- — prominent among them we mention Joseph B. Welsh, 
whose extensive factory and stock are well worthy of examination — being 
an expert at the business his goods are well made, and competition defied. 
Her reputation for the excellence of mattresses and other bed furniture 
has been long maintained. In this last line the popular establishment of 
George P. Stacy deserves special mention, being the most extensive in the 
city. 

PAPER AND BOX MANUFACTURES, AND STATIONERS. 

The Stationers of Richmond are behind those of no other Southern 
city in variety and extent of stock, keeping themselves constantly sup- 
plied with the choicest and latest novelties. In addition, the excellent 
quality and moderate prices of the products of the two local paper mills, 
enable them to offer inducements in the lines of wrapping paper, newspa- 
per and printers' supplies, &c. 

The wide-spread approval which has been accorded the Richmond 
manufacture of Paper Boxes and Paper Bags, for neatness and durabilitj% 
is the best earnest of their merit. The needs of the Druggist, the Con- 
fectioner, the Grocer, and indeed every branch of trade in which paper 
packing is in use, are provided for. 



56 Richmond as a Manufacturing 

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING. 

The Printing establishments of Richmond are numerous and are com- 
plete in their facilities for tlie execution of all work within the range of 
their department, from that of a simjile liand-bill to the elaborate educa- 
tional or scientific work in book form — their execution of the last, com- 
paring creditably with that even of our chief cities of the Union. We 
have pleasure in this connection in recommending to favorable considera- 
tion the well known establishments of J. W. Ferguson & Son, and of W. 
Ellis Jones. 

SEWING MACHINES. 

The Sewing Machine trade of Richmond is well represented. The 
Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co., w iiose Machine, the New No. 8, is 
a favorite in the Soutli as elsewhere, lias a depot on the corner of Ninth 
and Franklin streets, three stories with basement, elevator, (!<:c., and ample 
facilities for supplying the increasing demand in Virginia and North Car- 
olina for these popular Machines. For ten do) years they have taken 
the lead. The excellence of the Machine and honorable method of doing 
business, has secured for this Company an enviable rejjutation. The Ma- 
chine has no equal, and is sold at a j)opular ]irice and on easy terms of 
payment. In dealing with this Company, we can assure our friends in the 
country they will incur no risk. We understand they offer substantial 
merchants liberal inducements to handle these Machines. We refer the 
reader to their advertisement elsewhere. 

SLATE QUARRIES. 

The Buckingham Slate Ouarries located within a few miles of Rich- 
mond are extensively worked — supplying the chief cities of every secdon 
of the Union, North, East, South and West. 

This slate is considered the best in the world for roofing purposes, and 
it has been awarded the first premiums by the Exposition in London, our 
National Centennial and other exhibitions, in preference to all slates of 
American or Welsh origin. It is noted for great strength, and beauty and 
durability of color. These works are conducted by Messrs J. R. Wil- 
liams & Co., of Richmond, who have supplied during the past few years 
the roofing material for some of the finest structures in the United States. 



AND Trading Centre. 57 

SOAP. 

The long established manufactories of soap of Richmond, have secured 
for their products a reputation second to none in points of quahty and 
cost. We may be excused for claiming here a mention of the popular 
firm of P. J. Crew & Son. 

STOCK AND EXCHANGE BROKERS. 

Richmond may boast of as careful, sagacious and reliable a body of the 
very essential agents — Stock and Exchange Brokers, as any city in the 
Union. Indeed, since we have no Wall street, with its vicissitudes, and 
our brokers are men of large capital, commissions may be entrusted to 
them with assurances of absolute satisfaction. 

As one of long standing, large capital, and sagacious management, we 
desire to refer to the staunch house of Davenport & Co., whose advertise- 
ment appears. 

TRUNKS. 

Richmond, from her superior facilities of lumber, leather and other 
material supplies, successfully competes with all rivalry in the line ol 
trunks in all degrees of cost and quality, and the manufacturers whose 
names follow may be relied on for entire satisfaction. 

TOBACCO MANUFACTURERS. 

Among the long established manufactories of that important staple of 
Virginia, toliacco, for which Richmond is famed alike for the commercial 
value aiul (lualily of its world-wide popular brands, should be mentioned 
those of Messrs. ( )liver & Robinson, extensively and increasingly engaged 
in the manur;iclure, not only of numerous choice brands of chewing to- 
bacco, but also in many not less popular, of smoking tobacco, cigars and 
cigarettes, and those of Messrs. P. H. Mayo & Brother, whose tasteful 
exhibit of the esculent solace, attracted so much attention in our late Na- 
tional " Centennial," and who as the worthy successors of an honored and 
venerable parent, the late Hon. Robert A. Mayo, have constituendy rep- 
resented the commercial dignity of our metropolis for quite half a century. 

By heritage they have a claim also to some consideration in a work of 
this kind, as it was their ancestor in the fifth remove — Major William 
Mayo — who first laid off Richmond as a town for Col. William Byrd in 
1737, as has been already stated in our historical introduction. 



58 Richmond as a Manufacturing 

TYPE FOUNDRY. 

It is now nearly a quarter of a century since the casting of Type metal' 
first became a business of Richmond, and from a commencement naturally 
producing moderate returns, Mr. H. L. Pelouze, its founder, has through 
his enterprise and energy built up a business the sales of which amount to 
many thousands of dollars per year, and whose type, inferior to none of 
the most extensive foundries of the large northern cities, are to be found 
to-day in nearly all of the large newspaper and job offices of Virginia, and 
the Southern States. 

The metal from which type is made is a composition of Lead, Tiiv> 
Antimony and Copper, and though the process of casting is apparently 
very simple yet it is very interesting ; each little type has to be handled 
many times before it is complete and ready for the compositors hand. 

WOOD, WILLOW AND TIN WARE. 

For Wood, Willow and Tin Ware see special notice to the trade by 
Messrs. A. H. Nott & Co., the oldest house in the south. 

WINES AND LIQUORS. 

Virginia hospitality so proverbial, and more especially the social ele- 
gance of its metropolitan circles, so generally sustained for a cycle of 
more than a century, should be an ample earnest of the character of the 
cheerful beverages offered by Richmond dispensers of such. We can 
only add that her dealers in Wines and Liquors can be fully relied upon 
in all their representations as to quality and age of what they offer — im- 
ported or domestic — and when^lealing with gentlemen of the standing of 
Messrs. E. Courtney Jenkins, D. O. Davis & Co., and W. D. Blair & Co.,, 
the trade or individual consumer is sure of satisfaction in every respect. 



AND Trading Centre. 



SO- 



H. M. SMITH & CO., 

MANUTACTORERS & WHOLESALE & RETAIL DEALERS IN 

Agrioultural Implemente 



TOBACCO FACTORY FIXTURES. 




Richmond Thresher, Separator and Cleaner. 

The best Thresher and Cleaner in the market. Farmers and dealers are invited to send, 
for our Circulars before placing orders for 1880. 

Tobacco Manufacturers 

Are requested to correspond with us if in want of Iron Rack Tobacco Shapes, which we 
make a specialty. 

Large Catalogue for free circulation published annually. 

H. M. SMITH & CO. 

1532 Main Street, Richmond, Va. 



60 



Richmond as a Manufacturing 




THE LEADER 

CHILLED PLOWS. 



^A^ARRANTED TO GIVE SATISFACTION, AND 
TO SCOUR IN ANY SOIL. 



WORK EASY TO TEAM AND PLOWMAN. 



Every one sold on those conditions. — Send for Circular. 
Correspondence Solicited. 

lanufacterflfLimST IRON GOODS, 

— AND — 

AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY. 



[A8« T« PALI 

Office, 1526 Main Street. 



AND Trading Centre. 



61 




•62 



Richmond as a Manufacturing 



ESTABLISHED 1870. 




ELL[TT & 




WHOLESALE y . ^ \ \i 



DEALERS IN 



BOOTS 




TRUNKS & 



1308 MAIN ST. , -^^^^^^^ RICHMOND, VA. 

We keep constantly on hand a large and well selected stock of GOOD RELIABLE 
'GOODS. Merchants of this and adjoining States specially invited to call and examine 
our stock. We guarantee prices as low as similar goods can be bought in New York or 
Boston, and Freights 25 to 50 per cent, less to most points South of us. 

We have special arrangements for the sale of 

VIRGINIA PRISON SHOES for Men & Women. 

Yirpia Hand Sewel Bropes for MeD a Specialty. 



All Goods V/arranted as Represented. Prompt Attention 
Given to Orders. 



AND Trading Centre. 63 

'WEST, -JOHNSTON & CO., 

Call attention to their large and full stock of LAW, SCHOOL, AGRICULTURAL, 
HISTORICAL, MEDICAL and MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS. Also, an ex- 
tensive assortment of 



BOOK BINDING in all its branches. 
Agents for the Sale of PUBLIC SCHOOL BOOKS at STATE PRICES. 

ZEANICH Si BACH'S CELEBRATED PIANOS, 

— ALSO — 

CLOUGH & WARREN Silver Tongue Organs. 



Weat & Bro., Gc-o. M. West, West & Johnaton, and the present house of West, Johnaton & Co., are firms 
long and fuvorably known throughout the State and eleewhere, before, since and during the war. Iq Law 
riibliciitioiiH IK) house is better known to the profession than they are. In supplying School Books and Li- 
brarifs tlicir trade is extensive, and they also manufacture Blank Books, and do all kinds of Binding. Dur- 
ing llio Inet f.-w yoiirs they have .idded Pianos and Organs to their large and incieasiug business, and by 
8«lling good instruments at reasonable pricps they have met with success in that department of their trade. 
They an* publiRliors <if quite a number of popular books. Thomas Johnston, Montgomery West and Jos. M. 
Skinner comprise the pretiCQt firm. 

-WOODHOUSE & PARHAM, 

1107 Main Street, Richmond, Ya., 

lOQisittiis, efifioiiis, 

AND DEALERS IN 

PIANO FORTES and MUSIC. 



They have a BOOK BINDERY, where BOOKS AND PERIODICALS 
ARE BOUND and BLANK BOOKS MADE TO ANY PATTERN AND STYLE 
DESIRED. 

They Manufacture PAPXjR B0X.£S of every description. 

And are Sole Agents in Richmond for the CEBEBRATED 

CHICKERZNG FIANOS, 

Every Instrument Warranted. 

WOODHOUSE & PARHAM, 

1107 Main St., Hichmond, Va. 



64 Richmond as a Manufacturing 

JNO. E. LAUGHTON, Jr., 

General Auctioneer, 

No. 916 MAIN STREET, - RICHMOND, VA. 

Sells PERSONAL PROPERTY of all Kinds and MERCHANDISE. 

Manufacturers 4geni for mLfBM MQMrBB WMW QMB$. 

He refers to an experience of more than Twenty Years as a guarantee for the faithful execntion of all 
business entrusted to him. 

He haa for several years given SPECIAL ATTENTION to the sale of PRn^ATE LIBRARIES, WORKS 
OF ART. and OBJECTS OF VIRTU. In this way much that is desirable to Connoisseurs and CollectorB 
passes through his hands, inclnding Portraits, Early Historical Works, and Rare Confederate States Publi- 
lications. A long experience iind i-xtensive acquaintance gives him iinequaled facilities for attending to 
such business. 



SORQE 0IBSON, xls. 



IMPOETEE AND JOBBEE OF 

ma, QlaB8 and Quamwan, 

1207 MAIN STREET, 
RICHMOND, VA. 

Agent for Crockery and Glassware in Original Packages, and 
LEADER BURNERS, 



SAM'L P. ARRINGTON, rrcsident. EDW'D GRAHAM, Trciisurcr and Agc-iit. 

Old Dominion Gotton Mills, 

RICHMOND, VA. 

p. O. — Richmond, Va. Factory — Manchester, Va. 



Manufacture the Following "Brands'' of Goods: — 3-4 Manchester Shirtings; 
7-8 Manchester Shirtings; 4-4 Manchester Sheetings; 28 in. Manchester 
Drillings ; 4-4 Old Dominion Sheetings ; 4-4 Old Dominion Stand- 
ard Sheetings ; 29 in. Old Dominion Standard Drillings ; 
3, 4 and 5 Ply Manchester Knitting Cotton. 



AND Trading Centre. 65 

Lester Manor 

CAN/NED GOODS! 



An enterprise which may be said to belong to Richmond — because its energetic and sa- 
gacious master-spirit is one of our citizens — is the Lester Manor Fruit and Vegetable 
Plantatiion and Canning Establishment of Mr. John B. Davis. This bright and 
busy spot — a few years ago poor and unproductive, now rich, giving hundreds employ- 
ment, and feeding tens of thousands of people in various parts of the globe — is 25 miles 
east of Richmond, in the county of King William, and on the Richmond, York River and 
Chesapeake Railroad. It contains about 2,cxX) acres, lying on or near the Pamunkey 
River, of which 1,200 are cleared. During the last season 500 acres were in Tomatoes, 
130 in Peas, 50 in Asparagus, 50 in Blackberries, 60 in Clover, and several hundred in 
Peach and other fruit trees. 

There is no similar enterprise of this maginitude in the world. It is the creation of Mr. 
Davis' own genius. There was no exact model for him. It is true that he has to some ex- 
tent availed himself of the experience of others ; but the great work — the directorship — 
of planning buildings, laying off fields, systematizing labor, and preparing the goods for 
market, is his own. His canned goods have been sent in great quantities all over this Con- 
tinent, and are being favorably introduced into Europe. They owe their high reputation 
to the fact that Mr. Davis deals honestly with his customers in every package he sells. 
He grows his own fruits and vegetables, on land specially prepared for them, and in a cli- 
mate peculiarly adapted to their healthy development. They are gathered carefully and at 
exact maturity. All imperfect material is discarded. Nothing unripe, overripe, unsound 
or tainted is used. They are canned on the plantation where grown, and without unneces- 
sary delay. Thus there is the least possible handling and bruising. The greatest cleanli- 
ness is required of every employee in the Cannery. The use of tobac;o or snuff in any 
form is positively prohibited. Personal neatness is strictly demanded of the operatives. 
The fruits and vegetables go into the cans fresh and sweet. Each can is filled. Where 
needed, pure and good syrup is used. In short, there is a conscientious determination on 
the part of Mr. Davis to give to the people the best canned goods that can be produced by 
combination of favorable climate, skillful cultivation, cleanly canning and Honest pack- 
ing. The specialties are Tomatoes, Green Peas, Peaches, Sugar Corn, Blackberries (cul- 
tivated). Asparagus, Peas and Mixed Pickles. 

As the president of two banks — the Planters National and the Richmond Banking and 
Insurance Company — the owner of the largest and most elegant Bazaar in the South for the 
sale of horses, carriages, Src, with sales every Wednesday and Saturday, and the patron of 
many enterprises advantageous to our city, Mr. Davis has shown rare pluck and business 
wisdom, but in none has success more signally or deservedly attended his efforts than in the 
Lestor Manor Fruit and Vegetable Plantation and Canning Establishment. 

5 



66 Richmond as a Manufacturing 

GENERAL 

Produce Commission Merchant, 

No. 9 S. FIFTEENTH ST., RICHMOND, VA. 

WARNER L. FLEMING, 

The ConfectiQner^ 

4320 E. MAIN ST., - ■ RICHMOND. VA. 

LOUIS J. BOSSIEUX, 

MANUFACTURING CONFECTIONER, 
Cracker and Cake Saker^ 

"Wholesale Dealer in Canned Goods, Imported Fruits, 
Pickles, &c. 

1412 MILN STREET, RICHMOND, YA. 

DIXIE SOAP! DIXIE SOAP! 

p. J. GREVir d^ GO.^ 

113, 115 and 117 SEVEJ^TEEJ^TH ST., BICBMOKB, VA., 

MANUFACTURE ALL THB 

Standard Varieties of LAUNDRY SOAP, which they offer at Lowest Prices. 

DEALERS IN TALLOW AND SOAP STOCK GENERALLY. 



AND Trading Centre. 



67 





richmond 
Engraving 

COMPANY. 

l.l9 



Engraving in all its Branches. 

t-e=*SPECIAXTIES^=^-J 

TOBACCO LABELS, 

PLAIN, BRONZED OR COLORED. 

TOBACCO TAGS 

Designed and Engraved. Largest collec- 
tion of samples in the country. 
Machinery, Buildings, Cards, Plans, 

Autographs, Maps, Comics, etc., 

executed at fair prices. Estimates made 

for any kind of work. 



JOHN W. 

FergussoN 



Printing of Every Description. 



r-<^ SPECIALTIES ^=3-J 

TOBACCO LABELS, 

plain, bronzed or colored. 

TOBACCO TAGS, 

Printed, Gummed, Varnished, and Cut 

ready for use. 

Letter and Note-heads, Bill-heads, 

Blanks, Statements, etc. 

printed and put up in blocks without 

extra charge. 



OFFICES: Cor. 14th and Main Sis., RICHMOND, VA. 

4S~ Orders by Telephone promptly attended to, "eo. 



68 



Richmond as a Manufacturing 




AND Trading Centre. 



69 



WM. C. SEDDON. 



C. M. BRUCE. 



SEDBON & BRUCE, 






C±3 







era 



Offer to the TRADE a Large and Fine Assortment of 

GROCERIES, 

TOBACCO. SOAPS. 

fanned §oods, ^ines, (^iquors, (Etc. 

Possessing extensive facilities for Buying and Selling Goods, we 
respectfully solicit the continued favors of our friends, feeling confident of 
giving satisfaction in the future as we have endeavored to do in the past, 
by attending to your orders promptiy, and guaranteeing everything to be 
as represented. 

Especial attention paid to the Consignment of 

©RAIN AMD TOBACCO. 



70 



Richmond as a Manufacturing 



JNO. G. SPOTTS- 



^ ESTABLISHED 1856] 



GEO. GIBSON. 



SPOTTS & GIBSON, 




cy5 



CD 

=3 
O 






Manufacturers' Agents for the Celebrated "HORSFORD'S BREAD PREPA- 
RATION," and "RUMFORD YEAST POWDERS." 



We call special attention to our large and full line of MOLASSES, SYRUP, SUGAR, FLOUR, 
COFFEE, SPICES, SOAPS, TOBACCO, FISH, SALT, etc., etc., and with our extensive facilities, 
coupled with an experience of nearly a quarter of a century, we feel confident of giving our friends satia&c- 
tion, hy selling the best goods at the lowest figures the market will allow. 

.^^Consignments solicited and prompt returns guaranteed. 



A. L. ELLETT. 



A. JUDSON WATKINS. 



CLAY DREWBY. 



S. B. HUGHES. 



a? 



IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 

Nos. 10, 12 & 14 Twelfth St., Richmond, Va., 

Keep constantly on hand a full assortment of DRY GOODS and NOTIONS of their 
own importation and bought directly from the manufacturers of this country or their ngenLs, 
which they offer to the retail merchants upon as favorable terms as they can lie Imught in 
any market in this country. 

I®- Agents for the sale of CHARLOTTESVILLE WOOLEN GOODS, made nl Char- 
lottesville, Va. 



AND TraUiNG Ct^.^J^.£. 



71 



Watkins, Gottrell & Go., 

IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 

FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC 




1307 MAIN ST.. RICHMOND, VA. 



We have in stock a full line of goods made by the leading manufac- 
turers of this Country. 

Disston's Saws, 

Ames & Rowland Shovels, 

Mann, Collins & Simmons Axes, 

Brown, Hinman & Co. Cradles and Snaths, 

Dunn Edge Tool Co. Grain and Grass Blades, 

Fairbank Scales, Steel Plow Blades, 

And a Full Line of 

To which we respectfully invite the attention of the Trade, guaranteeing 
to sell as low as any market. 



CLAIBORNE WATKINS, 
WM. S. ROBERTSON, 



ORIN L. COTTRELL, 
A. S. WATKINS. 



72 Richmond as a Manufacturing 

THOMAS L ALFRIEND, 

FIRE, MARINE AND LIFE 

IxNSURANCE Agent, 

REPRESENTING FIRST CL)|SS COMPANIES ONLY. 
No. 1109 Main Street, 

(Up stairs, over W. D. Blair & Co.) RICHMOND, VA. 



LOSSES PROMPTLY AD7U?>TED AND PAID. 

WILLIAM D. RICE, 

LIFE, FIRE AND MARINE 

Insurance Agent, 

No. 5 N. Tenth Street, - Richmond, Va. 



Special Agent for Virginia for London Assurance Corporation, of Lon- 
don. Assets ^15,771,840. 

General Agent for Virginia and North Carolina for Watcrtown Fire 
Insurance Company, of Watertown, N. Y. Assets, $778, -^04. 70. 

Rates Fair. Losses Promptly Paid. Correspondence Solicited. 



AND Trading Centre. 



73 



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74 Richmond as a Manufacturing 



RiclinoodPaperManufacfngCo, 



120^ J\IcLtrL St., ^tchmondL, Vcl. 



OFFICE AND WAREROOMS: 



MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 



All Kinds of Paper 



Nos. 1 and 2 Manillas (24 Sheets Warranted) & Wrapping Papers a Specialty. 



MILL— COR. EIGHTH AND ARCH STS. 

JNO. R. AVII-LIAMS & CO., 

Successora to A. ORDWAT k CO^ 

QUARRY 



and dealers in 



BUCKINGl;iAM-VIRGINIi^ ROOFING SLATE 

(§Tom the (Qelebrated " §ld Nicholas" (Quarries. 

Best Red and Green Slate, Felting and Slate Flagging, Galvanized, Tinned 
and all kinds of Slating Nails. 

SLATE ^AED. 2627^i;0CE STREET. | RICHMOND, VA. 



AND Trading Centre. 75- 

CHAFFIN, STAPLES & CO, 

Real Estate Agepts & Auctiopeers^ 

No. 1, 

North TENTH Street 

RICHMOND, TA. 
SOO FARMS for SALE I 

—ALSO A— 

LARGE QUANTITY OF CITY PROPERTY. 

Lands Shown to Buyers Free, and Purchasers Intro- 
duced to Owners. 





Send for TIRGINIA REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. 



One of the most enterprising firms of Richmond is that of Chaffin, Staples & Co., 
whose photographs we present above. This firm began business in January, 1874, imme- 
diately after the great panic, and from the start threw so much energy and enterprise into 
their business that it was soon an assured success. The great distress and consequent rest- 
lessness brought upon the people everywhere by the most wide-spread and disastrous finan- 
cial panic known for a half century, led this firm to take a new departure in the start. 
They began the publication of a journal devoted exclusively to real estate and advertised 
Virginia lands largely in the Northern secular and religious newspapers. Many predicted 
that the paper would be a failure and that its publication would cease after the first issue; 
but, notwithstanding, it has been enlarged from time to time and still continues to be pub- 
lished, sometimes reaching as many as 50,000 copies in a single edition, and has a very ex- 
tensive circulation all over the Northern and North-western States. Both members of the 
firm are Virginians, Mr. Chaffin having been bom in Henrico county, Chaffin's Bluff, and 
Mr. Staples in Albemarle county on the banks of the James. Mr. Chaffin's acquaintance 
with the lands of Eastern Virginia is perhaps unsurpassed by any one living of his age, 
and he is a man of untiring and indomitable energy. Mr. Staples has had very large ex- 
perience in some of the largest banks and banking-houses of the South and in his sphere 
is the recognized peer of the best business men of Richmond. 



76 



Richmond as a Manufacturing 



Wheeler & Wilson 

Ei^iwe Machine 



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THE BEST FAMILY MACHIHE FOR THE LEAST MOHY. 



CHAR A CTERISTICS : 

THE MOST PERFECT STITCH 

ON ANY KIND OF MATERIAL, 
WITH THE LEAST POSSIBLE LABOR, 

AND WITH THE GREATEST RAPIDITY. 



The Most Durable that can be made by Skilled Labor 
with the Experience of Thirty Years. 



Depot, Ninth and Franklin Streets, Richmond, Va. 



AND Trading Centre. 



77 



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78 



Richmond as a Manufacturing 



JOHN BOW^EHB 

No. 7, Iron Block, GoYernor St., Richmond, Ta. 

Manufacturer and Dealer in 

STOVES. 
Ranges, Hot Air Furnaces 




^ooden and pillow ^are. 



FRONTS, GRATES, FENDERS, &c 

Oil Chendeliers & Lamps, 

REFRIGERATORS & WATRR COOLERS, 

HOUSE FUENISHING GOODS 

Of Every DeBcription. 

LEAD, lEON and DEAIN PIPE. 
TERRA COTTA PIPE 

For Culverting. 



HIT isH AMiEicii leemiici 



CASH ASSETS: 

ited SUtfB Bonds. - $455,187 60 



United States Bonds, deposited in Virgin 
United States Bonils, deposited in Georgia.. 

Deposit in Mississippi 

Dominion Government Bonds 

Debentures 

Beal Kstate 

Loans on Bond and MorigAge 

Banll and otlier dividend-paying Stocks 

Cash on hand and in banks 

Interest due and accrued 

Agents' Ba'ances 

Bills Receivable 

€uDdi7 Accounts Receivable 



26,000 00 
26,000 00 
15,000 00 
60,760 CO 
6«,340 00 

113,063 26 
24,696 62 

196,930 00 
83,673 «8 
4,427 93 
69,667 42 
37,224 82 
10,182 77 



$1,175,949.00 
DR. CHARLES C. BARNEY, State Agent, 

1108 Main etTMt, KIclimoDd, Tk. 



AND Trading Centre. 



79 




WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 

TRUNKS, 

Valises,TravelingBags,Satchels,&c. 

Nos. 1300, 1302 & 1304 FRANKLIN ST., 

Cor. GOVERNOR, RICHMOND, VA. 



Having largely increased our Factory with all the latest improved facilities for the man- 
ufacture of the above goods, we are prepared to offer to the trade many inducements to buy 
our goods, which we manufacture of all grades and prices. Therefore we are prepared to 
meet any competition in our line. All goods warranted as represented, and satisfaction 
guaranteed. We take pleasure in calling the attention of the trade to our large stock of 
goods, feeling sure, as we do, that it will be to their advantage to give us a call. Illus- 
trated Catalogues sent on application. Sample Trunks made to order, 

ORDERS PROMPTLY & CAREFULLY EXECUTED. 



80 



Richmond as a Manufacturing 



P, H, MAYO & BROTHEe, 




MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS AND STYLES OF 

Plug and Smoig ToeAcco, 



As the ORIGINATORS of the Name and Style of "NAVY TOBACCO," they make all 



NAVIES A SPECIALTY. 



This house was established in 1830 by their father, the late Robert A. Mayo, who was 
one of the descendants of the family which for nearly one and a half centuries occupied 
the Old Homestead, " POWHATAN SEAT," referred to in the Historical Notes in this 
volume. See pages 32 and 57. 



AND Trading Centre. 81 



ROBT. W. OLIVER. JNO. E. ROBINSON. 

OLIVEH & ROBINSON, 

MaDufactiirers of all Styles of 

Nos. SOS-19 Brook Avenue, Richmond, Va. 

The Brands of thia large and thoroughly appointed establishment have a reputation second to no other in 
Virginia or the South — being no less popular in Europe (to which extensive shipments are regularly made) 
than in America. 

Among their Oieicing Tobaccos (Twist and Plug) we desire to make spsciai mention of the following: "0. 
& R.'s Best," "Bine Bell," "Star of Henry," and "Little Duke." Of Smoking Tobaccos, their "Oliver's Choice," 
"Westham," "Purity," "Powhatan" and "Raleigh Cut Plug." Of Cigars, their "Purity," "Night Cap," "Semi," 
"I €," "Planet" and "Little Duke." Of Ci'iaretlts, their "Ido," "Ruby," "Raleigh," "Chanirion," "Little 
Duke" and "Owl Club." Be it recollected, that Messrs. Oliver & Robinson are the Sole M,invf<u:tureri of the 

CELEBRATED I C CIGARS and the Novelty RALEIGH PLUG SMOKING TOBACCO. 



H. Z,. PELOUZE & SON, 

$ype and (Electrotype founders. 

It is with pleasure we call the attention of the proprietors of the Newspaper and Job 
Offices of the South and South-west to the large Type and Electrotype Foundries of Messrs. 
H. L. Pelouze & Son, whose facilities for manufacturing in either of the above branches 
are very extensive, and when coupled with the practical experience of Mr. H. L Pelouze 
of over thirty-five years, the work thus produced is equal in finish and durability to that 
turned out by any establishment in the United States. The Richmond Foundry was estab- 
lished in i860, since which time it has been in active operation, and has refurnished and 
equipped many of the largest Job and Newspaper Offices of the South and South-west, to 
whom they refer with much assurance as to the quality and durability of their metal. In 
1S69 they found it desirable to establish a branch house in Washington, D. C, and in the 
early part of the past year they purchased the old and justly celebrated Baltimore Foundry, 
which has an unparalleled record of seventy-five years successful operation, and its improved 
appliances and vast accumulations, thus offering to the traile a house whose reputation, re- 
sources and guarantee is among the best in the country. 



fii fiiBiiii eoipiif, 

RICHMOND, 

Manufacture HORSE and MULE SHOES, WATER and GAS PIPE, IRON & 
BRASS CASTINGS generally, STATIONARY, PORTABLE & MARINE 
ENGINES and BOILERS, FREIGHT CARS, WHEELS and AXLES, and 
all kinds of RAILROAD WORK, FISH-PLATES, BOLTS, CHAIRS, 
SPIKES and BAR IRON of all sizes. Farmers, encourage home industry by call- 
ing on your merchants for TREDEGAR SHOES. They are warranted equal in quality 
to any others, and much cheaper than the hand made. 

JOSEPH R. ANDERSON, President. 



82 



Richmond as a Manufacturing 



OldDomifiionlfonyailWofbCo 



RICHMOND^ VA. 



R. E. BLANKENSHIP, 



Commercial Agent. 



The Largest and Best Equipped Works in the South. 

Manufacture CUT NAILS AND SPIKES, MERCHANT BAR IRON, 
&c., &c., &c. 



Furniture Warerooms, 

iao5 Main Street, 



Mattress and Feather Warehouse, 

3 S. Twelfth Street. 



EST-A-BLISHEID 1844. 



Husk Factory, 

Manchester, Va. 



GEO. P. STACY'S 

Wljolesale IJattress and Featljer l^ouse, 



RICHMOND, VA. 



G. B. Stacy, G. B. Stact k Sos, and the present houee of Geo. P. Stacy, have for many years before and 
fiince the War been Udowd as the leading Mattress and Bedding house in the Sonth. His Immense facilitiee 
for manufacturing all grades of Straw, Shuck, Cotton, Moss and Hair Mattresses, which he does for hundreds 
of customers all through the Southern States, enables him to manufacture goods at the least possible coat and 
to supply the trade at prices and terras equal to any house in this country. The shipping and handling of 
Feathers also is a specialty with him. Buying in large bulk in the West, he assorts and purifies with steam, 
making his Steam Dressed Feathers pure and sweet, and orders are filled at lowest market rales. In the Fur- 
niture Department can always be found a nice and Tari<xl assortment for the Parlor, Chamber, Dining Boom 
or Office, and will repay any one to make a visit to his Wb 



AND Trading Centre. 83 



Liverpool and Lopdori arid Globe 

INSURANCE COMPANY. 



ASSETS, - - S30,000,000. 



NEW TOEK OrriOE, 45 WILLIAM STREET, 
RICHMOND OFFICE, 1113 MAIN STREET, 

Total Claims Paid, SEVENTY IIJILUON DOLLj^RS. 
DAVENPORT & CO., General Agents, RICHMOND, VA. 

ISAAC DAVENPORT, JK. CHAS. E. WORTHAM. GIDEON A. DAVENPOET. 

DAVENPORT & CO., 

Stock Brokers & Slock Auctioijeers, 

OFFICE, Liyerpool ani Lonilon M Slolie Insurance Bnilflins, 
No. 1113 MAIN ST.. RICHMOND. VA. 



Buy and Sell Bonds and Stocks on Commission. 
Liberal Advances Made. 



84 



Richmond as a Manufacturing 



^he (Oldest ^ooden ^are (House in the (State, 



A. H. WOTT & CO., 

No. 10 S. Foui'teeutli Street, - RICHMOND, VA. 




IN ALL VARIETIES. 

BROOMS, ROPES. TWINES. 

S^per, (§aper (Bags, (Matches, (Blacking, §lueing, 

PERCUSSION CAPS, DEMIJOHNS, FLASKS, AXLE GREASE. 

Agents for W. F. Pill & Go's Starch and Tucker's Imperial Egg Crates. 



The rapid growth of the enterprising and popular establishment of A. H. NoTT & Co., 
has been very marked, and from the time the management first came into the hands of the 
senior member of the house, the business has been rapidly increasing. The cordial man- 
ner in which they deal with their customers, coupled with their prompt and reliable sys- 
tem of filling orders and business obligations are endorsations which strongly commend 
them to the trade, especially so to the houses remote from our city, who desire to be fairly 
and satisfactorily dealt with, and who can feel an assurance that the large and extensive 
stock of this house is fully equal to any demand that may be made upon it. The propri- 
etors are thorough business men, and possess ample means for successfully carrying on the 
business; and in uniting their efforts with the merchants of Richmond, go far towards 
making our city the general distributing point for the South and Southwest. 



AND Trading Centre. 



85 



D« ©. DAYIS ai^ O' 



a? 



1323, 1325 ^ 1327 GARY STREET, 
RICHMOND, VA. 

Sole Proprietors of STANDARD OF THE WORLD and R. A. STUART'S 
Rockbridge County Pure Rye Whiskies. 

We offer to the Trade the largest and best assortment of Liquors to be found in the 
State. Our Standard of the World and R. A. Stuart Ryes are specially recommended for 
their purity, age and excellent flavor. We also offer to the trade several other old, well 
known and established brands, including the celebrated J. Cromwell Rye Whiskies. In 
addition to the above we keep on hand a large and well selected assortment of Virginia, 
Maryland, Pennsylvania and Kentucky Ryes; Wheat and Sweet Mash Com Whiskies; 
Rectified Whiskies of all grades; Foreign and Domestic Brandy and Gin; Virginia Apple 
and Peach Brandy; Fruit Brandies, including Blackberry, Cherry and Ginger; Port, Sher- 
ry, Catawba and Claret Wines; Cordials, &c. We respectfully invite the attention of the 
Trade to our stock before purchasing elsewhere. 



1. OOTOf ill JillllS 1 00., 

Successors to JFNKINS & STEGAL, 

Wholesale ^iquor (Merchants 



DISTILLERS' A&ENTS, 

113 
South Fourteenth St., 

SOUTH OF CARY, 

RICHMOND, VA. 




Virginia Mountain Rye 

WHISKEYS, 

Pure Apple and Peach 

BRANDIES. 



86 



Richmond as a Manufacturing 



CHARLES D. HJLL. CHARLES E. BKINKER. CHARLES WATKINS. 

HILL, SKINKER & WATKINS, 

Proprietors of CENTRE WAREHOUSE, 




LEAF TOBACCO 

-AND- 

Elilllli O.OllISilOI lilOillTS, 

1412, 1414, 1416 Gary Street, RICHMOND, VA. 



—OF THE— 

OELEBEATED 
'•^elect, 
§leawood, 
^ontrose 
(And (Alpha 

WHISKIES. 



SJstablisIiecl 1820. 



W. D. BLAIR & CO., 



WW 



DEALERS IN 



MANUFACTURERS OF FINE CIGARS, 
1109 Main Street, Eichmond, Va. 

An experience of more than fifty years enables us to give 
large advantages to the Trade. 



Siiifd 




Jfo. 10 G07ERJfOR ST., BICEMOINB, VA. 

Particular attention given to Sales at Private Residences and to Stocks of Merchandise. 
Prompt Returns Guaranteed. 



E. B. COOK, Salesman. 



AND Trading Centre. 87 



"THE STATE" Newspaper, 

RICHMOND, VA. 

(Founded by Jno. Hampden Chamberlayne, Marcli 20, 1876.) 

JOHN Hi^MPDEN CHAMBERLAYNE,) „ 

RICHi^RD F. BEIRNE, | Owners a^d Editors. 

B®" Largest Circulation, Cheapest Subscription Price, Lowest Advertising Rates. — Daily 
Circulation now over 4,000. — The only Afternoon Paper in Richmond. 

Subscription Price — Daily, $3 50 pT annmn; Weekly, $1 per annum. 



The Foremost Political Newspaper in Virginia. 

$5 DAILY $5 

$2 SEMI-VITEEKLiY $2 
$ 1 VITXIEKLY $ 1 

The aggregate circulation of all its Editions is the largest of any Newspaper published in 
the State. As a medium of advertising it is unrivalled. 

RICHMOND DISPATCH. 

Best Family Newspaper in the South. 



Always up with the Times. Largest Circulation in Virginia. Unequalled Facilities for ObtalDing News 

THE DAILY DISPATCH, 

Postage Free, mailed to any address for $6 per annum, or 50 cents per month. 

POSTAGE FREE. 

WEEKLY DISPATCH, I SEMI-WEEKLY DISPATCH, 

Price KEnuoEB ONE-HALr, Price Greatly Reduced, 

Only One DoMar per Year, Fifty Cents for Six Only Two Dollars per Year, One Dollar for Six 

Months. I Months. 

The usual discount for Clubs. 

The Monet most accompany every order. Remittances may be made at our risk in drafts, postal 
money orders, or registered letters. 

.^^Specimen copies sent on application. Address, 

THE DISPATCH COMPANY, Richmond, Va. 



88 



Richmond as a Mat'Ufacturing 



INDEX TO HISTORICAL SKETCH. 



AsseBBmenta — State 8 

Asylums 14, 26, 40, 41 

Bridges Across James River. 34 

Battle fields, ic. 

Aikio's Landing..- 7 

Atlee's St«tiou 34 

Brook Turnpike 33 

Crater 36 

Cold Harbor 33 

Dahlgreen's Raid 33 

Dutch Gap 33 

Deep Bottom. 33 

Drury'6 Bluff 34 

Ellerson's Mill 33 

Fortifications 35 

Fort Harrison 33 

Gaines' Mill 33 

Hanover C. H 34 

Harrison's Landing 33 

Malvern Hill._ 33 

Meclmnicsville 33 

Meadow Bridge 33 

Seven Pines 33 

Dumiue of Richmond Theatre, 1811 11 

Byrd, Wm., Founder of Richmond, 5 

Byrd's Wartliouse 6 

Jjioody Run iSpring 6 

Bellona Arsenal 36 

Booksellers 47 

Clube 20 

Commercial 20 

Richmond 20 

Westmoreland 20 

Colleges, Schools, 4c.,. 21 

Medical College - 22 

Public Schools 21 

Richmond College 21 

Richmond Female Institute 22 

Richmond Institute (colored) - 22 

Custom House 17 

ChaffiD, Staples 4 Co., (drives) 32 

Coal Pits 33 

Chemical Works 47 

Cemeteries 30 

Catholic 31 

Colored 31 

Hebrew 31 

Hollywood 30 

Oukwood 31 

National - 32 

St. .Tohns' 16 

Shockoe 31 

Coofedemte Slates Hospitals 24-34 

Chiniliorazo Heights— Duelling ground 30 

Chimborazo Hospital 30 

Contederate States Congress 13 

Conventions of Virginia 10-13 

Cnpitol Building 6-12 

Houdon's Statue of Washington 12 

Library of the State 13 

Lafayette. Bust of 12 

Old Stove 13 

Views fro •' roof. 14 

Historical Portraits 13 

Capitol Square 12 

Clay's Statue 15 

Jackson's Statue by Foley 15 

Washington Monument. - 14 

Dahlgreen's Raid 33 



Dead, Distinguished in SL John's, Hollywood 

and Shockoe Cemeteries 10-31 

E.\ecutive Mansion 15 

Earth works - 35 

Floods — three memorable 18 

Furniture Manufactory 47 

Gabriel's Insurrection— Slave— 1800 _ 33 

Hotrls 43 

Historic Sites and Family Seats. 32, 35 

Bellona Arsenal 36 

Farrar's Island 33 

Falliug Creek - 35 

Family S'ats 35 

Henricopolis 33 

Powhatan 32 

Varina - 7, 35 

Warwick 35 

Haxall-Crenshaw Company 47 

Indian Massacre of 1622 35 

Iron Furnaces— firet in America. 35 

Insurance Companies 42 

James River Tourist - 36 

James River and Kanawha Cana).- 26 

Jackson Hospital 24 

Libraries 23 

Manchester, City of 34 

Manufacturers 

Agricultural Implements. 9 

Palmer, Chas. T., 9 

Smith 4Co., H. M 9 

Watt & Call 9 

Cotton Mills 

Old Dominion 9 

Marshall 9 

Chemical Works 47 

Cedar Works — Kicbmond 9 

Flouring Mills 9, 26, 46 

City Mills 9 

Gallego 9 

Haxall-Crenshaw 9, 26, 46 

Manchester 9 

Fertili/.iug Company, Southern 23 

Iron Works 9 

Franklin, Ettinger 4 Edmond 9 

Johnson 4 Co., J. R 9 

Metropolitan, W. E. Tanner 4 Co 9 

01(1 Tioniinion Iron and Nail 9, 25 

Shockoe, Talbott 4 Sons 9 

Tredegar 9,25 

Vulcan, Archer 4 Bruce 9 

Paper Mills 9 

Franklin 9 

Manchester 9 

Paper Boxes and Bags, J. W. Randolph 4 

English 9,47 

Tobacco 9 

Export Tables 48 

Exchange 27 

Early Mode of Transportation 34 

Early Warehouses 5 

Factories 9 

Warehouses 36 

Valentine's Meat Juice 45 

Military Prisous, 4c.,— 1861-5 

Belle Isle 25 

Castle Thunder 23 

Ciu-tle Lightning 23 

Libby 23 

Pruvost Marslml's Ollicu 25 



AND Trading Centre. 



89' 



Soldiere' Home 25 

Masonic Lodges 20 

Newspapers and Periodicals 42 

Offices of City Officials 41, 42 

Omnibus Line, A. W. Qarber 44 

Old French Cannon 25 

Objects of Interest, 4c., 

Capitol (See) 6, 12, 15 

Cnstom House 17 

Henrico C. H 19 

JeflF. Davis Mansion 16 

Lee, Residence of Genl. E. E 16 

Medical College 18 

Mozart Hall 19 

Mason's Hall 20 

Marshall, Residence of Chief Justice 12 

Monumental Church 11 

Museum of Richmond College 24 

Old Reeidences 11 

Old Stone House 11 

Poe, Residence of Edgar Allen 17 

Richmond Theatre 19 

St. Paul's Church - 16 

St. John's Church 10 

Slave-Jails and Auction Houses 26 

Turkish Cannon Balls 21 

Valentine's Studio 19 

Virginia HiBtorical Society 17 

Westmoreland Club 20 

Public Parks 29 

Capitol 29 

Chimborazo 30 

City Springs 29 

Gamble's Hill 30 

Marshall 30 

Monroe 30 

Reservoir » 30 

Public Buildings 41 

Asylums 40 

Banks 42 

Churches 36, 40 

CuHtom House 17 

Capitol 6, 12 

Masonic Halls 

Franklin St 20 

St. Albans 20 

Springfield 20 

Penitentiary 26 

Virginia Armory 25 

Pleaaant Drives and Routes to Battle Fields 32 

Richmond 3 

Altitude above sea 3 

Climate 3 



Commerce 3 

Dibtance from Sea 3 

Early History 4 

Exchanges 

Chamber of Commerce 28 

Corn and Flour 27 

Stock 27 

Tobacco 27 

Early Religious worship 40 

Fire Department 27 

Gas Works T 

Latitude 3 

Manufacturers ^ 

Militarj- 27 

Population and Growth 7 

Police 27 

Revolutionary War, in 3-10 

Streets of 4 

Water Works 7 

Water Power 8 

War of 1812, in 29 

War, in late 13, 23, 3.1 

Religious Sects 40' 

Religious Statistics 39 

Railroad Depots 44 

Railway, Street 44 

Residences, Old 7,12 

Randolph, J. W. 4 English 47 

Roads leading into City 32, 33, 34 

Secret Orders 41 

State Court House 17 

Southern Historical Society 14 

Slave Jails and Auction Houses 23 

Sabbath Schools 23, 

State Offices 12 

Steamship Lines 44 

Telegraphs 43- 

Telephone, Bell 44 

Turkish Cannon Balls of Stone 21 

Talbott i Co., J. M., 47 

United States Hotel 29- 

Valentine's, Mann 8., Meat Jnice 45 

Virginia Historical Society 17, 23, 41 

Virginia State Agricultural Society 23 

Virginia Armory 25 

Woodhouse 4 Parham 47 

War of Revolution 3-10 

War of 1812 29- 

West 4 Johnston 47 

Welch, Joseph B., 47 

War of 1861-5 »-25 

Winder Hospital.. 24 



90 



Richmond as a Manufacturing 



WHOLESALE TBADE DIRECTORY, 



INDEX TO OUR ADVERTISERS. 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 
Cardwell, J. W. k Co., 1511 E. Gary. 
PALMER, CHAS. T., 1526 E Main, see p. 
SMITH, H. M. 4 CO , 1632 E. Main, see p. 
Stark, P. H., 7 S. 15th. 
WATT 4 CALL, 1518-20 E. Franklin, Bee p. 

AUCTIONEERS. 
CHAFFIN. STAPLES 4 CO.. No. 1, N. 10th, 
LAUGHTON, JNO. E., Jr.. 916 E. Main, see p. 
MACDOUGAL, JAMES, 10 Governor, see p. 

BAGGING MANUFACTURERS. 
McCance, T. W., 9th cor. Arch. 
Millhiser 4 Co., 1309 E. Main. 

BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURERS. 
RANDOLPH. 3. W. 4 ENGLISH, 1302-4 E. Ma 

Simons, W. E. 4 Bro., 1 S. 12th. 
WOODHOUSE 4 PARHAM, 1107 E. Main, I 



)p. 63 



BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS. 
Yancey. J. A. 4 Co., 1112 E. Main. 
RANDOLPH, J. W. 4 ENGLISH, 1302-4 E. Main, 

See Cover. 
WEST, JOHNSTON 4 CO.. 911 E. Main, see p. 63 
WOODHOUSE 4 PARHAM, 1107 E. Main, see p. 63 

BOOTS AND SHOES. 
Baldwin 4 Jenkins, 132114 E. Main. 
Heller 4 Fleishman, 1310 t Main. 
Putney, Stephen, 1219 E. Main. 
Roberts, Beall 4 Co., 20 S. 14th. 
Stern 4 Co . 9 Governor. 
WINGO, ELLETT 4 CRUMP, 1308 E. Main, see p. 62 

BOOT AND SHOE FINDINGS. 
Chalkley, 0. H. 4 Co., 15 S. 13th. 
Wilson, Geo. N., 1630 E. Main. 

BRICK MANUFACTURERS. 
Baltimore Brick Co., Office, 1442 E. Main. 
Carter k Bowles. 

Davis, Bailey, Osborne Turnpike. Rocketta. 
Maynard 4 Bro., Ostwrne Turnpike, Rockotts. 

BROOM MANUFACTURERS. 
OUs, John, 9 S. 15th. 
Stokes, Chaa. F. 4 Co.. 14 S. I4tb. 

CANNED GOODS. 
J. B. DAVIS, see page 65 

CARRIAGE MANUFACTURERS. 
Ainalie, Geo. A. 4 Sons, 10-12 S. lOtb. 

CEDAR-WARE MANUFACTURERS. 
RICHMOND CEDA R WORKS, (limited), E 

CBEMICAL WORKS. 
Talbott * Fawls. 

CHINA, GLASS AND CROCKERY. 
GEO. GIBSON, Jr., 1207 E. Main, see p. 64 

Taylor, £. B., 1011 E. Main. 



CIGAR MANUFACTURERS. 

Whitlock, Philip, 1446 E. Main. 
Worniley, Carter L., 1105 E. Main. 
OLIVER 4 ROBINSON, see Cover and page 
Leibennuth 4 Millhiser. 

CIGARETTE MANUFACTURERS. 
Allen, J. F. 4 Co., Cary and 7th. 
OLIVER 4 ROBINSON, 506-13 Brook Ave., 8. 
and Cover. 

CLOTHING. 



COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 
Anderson, R. S. 4 Son, 1524 E. Main. 
Atkinson 4 Temple, 5 S. 15th. 
Booker, Jno., 1310 E. Cary. 
Branch, Thos., 4 Co., 1217 E. Main. 
Briggs. W. H. 4 Bro, 1607 E. Broad. 
Carr 4 Dickenson, Crenshaw Planters Warehoaee. 
Carrington 4 Baskervill, Shockoe Slip. 
Carter 4 Ryland, Columbian Bio k. 
COX, W, H.. 9 S. 15th, see p. 66 

DAVENPORT 4 MORRIS, 120, 124 S. 17th. Page D 
Ellett, Thos., 1007 Basin Bank. 
Harrison, P. G , 1324 E. Cary. 
Hart, F. B., 1015 Basin Bank. 

HILL, SKINKER 4 WATKINS, 1412-16 E. Cary. 86 
Jenkins, W. 4 Co., 1518 E. Main. 
Kindred 4 Calloway, 107 S. 12th. 
Lee. A. S., 108-10 Virgin a. 
Leigh, E.G., Columbian Block. 
Levy. L., 1319 E. Cary. 
Martin, J. H, 109 S. 12th. 
Mitchell, J. R., 4 Co., E. Cary. 
Norvell, Leake 4 Co., 1103 Basin Bank. 
Palmer, Hartsook 4 Co , Virginia and Cary. 
Powers, Blair 4 Co., 12 S. 14th. 
Powers, L.. 1540 E. Main. 
Saunders, E. A., 26-28 S. 14th. 
Scott, C. C. & Co, 1017 Basin Bank. 
8EDD0N 4 BRUCE, 102-S Virginia, see p. 69 

Sbelburne, Silas, 1204 E. Cary. 
Shepherd, A. L. & Co., 1100 Basin Bank. 
Simpson, Baaa 4 Co., 1214 E. Cary. 
Smoot, A H., 1326-28 E. Cary. 
Slater, Myers 4 Co , 1424 E. Main. 
Somervill, R. B. 4 Sou, 108 S. 12th. 
Spencer, T. J., 102 Sbockoe Slip. 

SFOTTS 4 GIBSON, 116-17 8. 14th, see p. 70 

Staples 4 Blair. 1107 Basin Bank. 
Sublett, W. A.. 1016 Basin Bank. 
Bublett 4 Cary, 113 S. 12th. 
Suse, F. E., 1303 E. Cary. 
Taliaferro, H. B. 4 Co., 112 S. 12th. 
Taylor, C. F. 4 Co., 1516 E. Main. 
Taylor, E. E. 4 Co., 23 S. 13th. 
Tompkins, W. D. 4 Bro., 1019 Basin Bank. 
Tyler 4 Moffett, 110 S. 12th. 
Wallace, G. A., 1319 E. Cary. 
Walletstein, H. 4 Co., 11 S. 15th. 
Williams 4 Mclntire, 1320 E. Cary. 



AND Trading Centre. 



91 



CONFECTIONERS. 
Antoni, A , 1105 E. Main. 
BOSSIEUX, L. J., H12 E. Main, see p. 
FLEMMINO, WARNER L., 1320 E. Main, 8< 
KraU, J. A., 1712 E. Main. 
Neurath, F., 14S4 E. Main. 
Zimmer, C, 153e E. Main. 

COTTON MILLS. 
OLD DOMINION, see page 

DENTIST MATERIALS. 
Gennet. C, 917 E. Main. 

DRUGGISTS. 
Bodeker Broe., 1444 E. Main. 
Powers, R. W. 4 Co., 1305 E. Main. 
Purcell, Ladd i Co., 1216 E. Main. 

DRY GOODS. 
ELLETT, A. L. 4 CO., 10-14 S. 12th, see p. 
Milltalser, M. i Co., 1309 E. Main. 
Eosenbaom, S. M. 4 M., 1211-1114 E. Main. 

ENGRAVERS (Wood). 
PERRIQO 4 QANN, 2 N. 14th, see p. 



67 



FERTILIZING AGENTS. 
Clemons, W. G., 1 Sh clioe Slip. 
Crenshaw. J. B., 16 N. 9th. 

HILL, 8KINKER 4 W ATKINS, 1412-16 E. Gary, p. C 
James, W. A., 1210 E. Gary. 
Wallier, Saunders 4 Co., 1326 E. Gary. 

FERTILIZER MANUFACTURERS. 
Allison 4 Addison, 1322 E. Cary. 
Atlantic 4 Va. Fert. Co., 6-7 Crenshaw W. G., Preat. 
BOUTUERN FERTILIZING CO., Virginia and 

Gary, see p. 68 

FURNITURE. 
Rooney, A., 1207 E. Franklin. 
Welsh, J. B., Power Building, Ilth Bat. Main & Gary. 

GROCERS. 
Antrim 4 Bowie, 1216 E. Gary. 
Chamberlayne, F. W., 131S E. Gary. 
Cringan 4 Watkins, 15 S. 14th. 

DAVENPORT 4 MORRIS. 120-24 S. 17th, see p. D 
DAVIS, D. 0., 4 CO., 1323-27 E. Cary, Bee p. 87 

Gates, E. W , 1436 E. Main. 
Gordon, J. 4 J., 6-S N. 14th, 
Harvey 4 Blair, Gary and 13th. 
Jenkins, Wm. 4 Co., 1618 E. Main. 
Johnson, W, J. 4 Co . Gary and 13th. 
Lathrop 4 Leigh, 1316-18 B. Cary. 
Minor, T. F. * Co., 1313 E, Gary, 
Morris, J. E, 4 Co., 1634 E, Main. 
Patton, J D., 1307 E. Main. 
Powers, Blair 4 Co., 12 S. 14th. 
Rogers, J. P 4 Co., 105 S. 14th. 
t^aundera, K. A., 26-28 S. 14th. 

SKDDON 4 BRUCE, 102-6 Virginia, see p. 69 

■ Slater, Mverfl 4 Co., 1426 E, Main. 
SPOTTS 4 GIBSON, 116-17 S, 14th, seep. 70 

Stokea, A. Y. 4 Co., 1921 S. 13th. 
Taylor, C. F. 4 Co., 1516 E. Main. 
Taylor, E, E, 4 Co., 23 S. 13th. 
Todd, C. L,, ia5E. Cary, 
Williams, R. F. 4 Co , 19 S. 14th. 
Winston, J, P. 4 Co., 101 S. 14th. 
Wortham, Henry M., 19-21 8. 16th. 

HARDWARE AND CUTLERY. 
A. B. CLARKE, 1640 Main St, see page D 

Donnan, W. S. 86n 4 Co., 6 Governor. 
McOraw, Jas., 1442 E. Main. 

WATKINS, COTTRELL 4 CO, 1307 E. Main, 71 
Williams, R. L., 1433 E. Main. 



HATS AND CAPS. 
Blair, Lewis H. 4 Co., 1313 E. Maio. 
Stokes, G. P. 4 Co., 14 S, 14th. 
Thorn, C. W. 4 Co., 1306 E. Main. 

HIDES, LEATHER AND WOOL. 
Chalkley, 0. H. 4 Co., 15-17 S. 13th. 
Hessberg. M., 1404 E. Main. 
Hierholzer, A., 910 Brooke Avenue. 

HORSE COLLAR MANUFACTURERS. 
Hudnall, M. F., Lombard Alley. 
Wright, J. J., Lombard Alley. 

HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS. 
BOWERS, J , 7 N. 13th, see p. 
GIBSON, GEO,, Jr., 1200 E. Main, see p. ( 

Taylor, E. B., 1011 E. Main, 
West 4 Branch, 1417 E. Main. 

INSURANCE AGENTS. 
BARNEY, Dr, C. G., 1108 Main, see p 
ALFRIEND, THOS. L., 1109 Main, see p. 
DAVENPORT 4 CO., 1113 E. Main, see p. 1 

RICE, W. D., 5 N, 10th, see p. 

IRON MANUFACTURERS. 
Metropolitan Iron Wotfts, W. E. Tanner 4 Co. 

Proprietors, 110 S. 7th. 
OLD DOMINION IRON 4 NAIL WORKS, 1329-31 

E. Cary, see p. I 

Phoenix, W. B, Cook Proprietor, 9 N. 8th. 
Cast Steel 4 Brass Works, 13th, nr. Danville depot. 
Joseph Hall 4 Co., Canal cor, 9th, 
TREDEGAR, South-side Canal, seep. ; 

Ettenger 4 Edniond, 19th. 
Talbott 4 Sons, Gary and 17th. 

LIME, PLASTER AND CEMENT. 
Ellett, Thos,, 1007 Basin Bank. 
Lee, A. S.,108-10 Virginia. 

MACHINIST SUPPLIES. 
Bargamin, G. 4 A., 907 E. Main. 

MATTRESS MANUFACTDRBRS. 
GEO. P. STACY, 1206 E. Main, see p. I 

MEAT JUICE MANUFACTORY. 
VALENTINE, MANN S., Proprietor, Inner court 
Bet. Main and Gary. 11th and 12th. 

MILLS— COFFEE AND SPICE. 
Hersman, W. B. 4 Co., 13 S. 12th. 
Shelton, Minor 4 Co., 736 E. Main. 

MILLS— CORN AND FLOUR. 
Dunlop 4 McCance, Office 1213 E. Gary, Hilli 

Manchester. 
Galllego Mills Mfrg. Co., 12th Bet. Cary 4 Canal. 
HAXALL, CRENSHAW CO., (The) I2th Cor. of 

Byrd, see p, ; 

King. Wm. T., Williamsburg Avenue, 34th-36th. 
Smith, W. P., 801 E. Arch. 
Walker 4 Saunders, Office 26-28 8. 14th, Mills 

Manchester. 

NAIL WORKS. 
OLD DOMINION IRON 4 NAIL WORKS, Office 

1329-31 E. (3ary, see p. I 

NEWSPAPERS. 
THE STATE, page 1 

RICHMOND DISPATCH, page 
RICHMOND WHIG, page 

NOTIONS AND HOSIERY. 
Blair, L, H. 4 Co., 1313 E. Main. 
ELLETT, A. L. 4 CO., 10-12-14 S. 12th, see p. 
Rosenbaum, S, M. 4 M, 1211 E. Main. 
Thaxton 4 Ellington, 1213 E. Main. 
Yancey, J. P. 4 Co., 1209 E. Main. 

PAPER BOX MANUFAtTTUEBRS. 
Poligh, Angus, over 1209 E. Main. 



•92 



Richmond as a Manufacturing 



RANDOLPH, J. W. 4 ENGLISH, 1302-04, E. 

Main, see Cover 

WOODHOUSE i PARHAM, 1107 E. MaiD, see p. 63 

PAPER MANUFACTl'RERS. 
RICHMOND PAPER MFG. CO., Office 1202 E. 

Main, seep. "* 

PRINTERS. 
FERGUSSON A SON, page 67 

W. E. JONES, 6 S. 12th Street, see page D 

RAILROAD SUPPLIES. 
Smith 4 Eady, 1419 E. Main. 

REAL ESTATE AGENTS. 
CHAFFIN, STAPLES * CO., No. 1, N. 10th, p. 75 

SADDLE AND HARNESS MANUFACTURER. 
Cottrell, S. S. 4 Co., 1303 E, Main, 

SAWS AND FILES. 
Miller, A. J. 4 Co., 141S-20 E. Cary. 

SEWING MACHINES. 
"WHEELER 4 WILSON CO., see pages 76 

SLATE MANUFACTURER. 
WILLIAMS, JOHN R. 4 Co., 2627 Dock, see p. 74 

SOAP AND CANDLE MANUFACTURER. 
CREW, P. J. 4 CO., 113-16-17 N. 17th, see p. 66 

STOCK BROKERS. 
DAVENPORT 4 CO.. 1113 E. Main, page 83 

STOVE-WORKS. 
RiclinionlJ Stove Co., 2500 E. Main. 

STOVE DEALERS. 
Anderson. W. J., 830 E. Main. 

BOWERS, JOHN, 7 Governor, see p. 78 

Shanks & Barrett, 1206 E Main. 
West 4 llranch, 1417 E. Main. 

STRAW GOODS. 
Thorn 4 Co., 1306 E. Main. 

SUMAC MILLS. 
Brjant. John H. 4 Co., 2619 E. Main. 
King, Win. T.. Wms'b'rg Ave., Bet. 34tb 4 35th. 
Shockoe "Mills," Moore, Warner, foot 17th. 
Young, Redsecker J , 206 S. 10th. 
TELEPHONE. 
SOUTHERN BELL CO., 900 Main, page 77 

TOBACCO, LEAF DEALERS. 
Boyd, Jas. N., 6tb and Cary. 
Early i Kecton, 1712 E. Cary. 
Eggleston, James A., Shockoe Slip. 
<3ray, W, F., Shorkoe Slip. 
Harris, Alfred P., Sr , Old Tobacco Ex. B'l'ds. 
Rosenburg, Hennan, 1011 Basin Bank. 
Scott 4 Clark, 7 S. 21st. 
Sheppard, Wm. G , Jr , 2723 Rocketls. 
Watson. Garret F., 3016 Rockette. 
Woodbridge 4 Walker, 12 S. I7th. 

TOBACCO COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 
Biihmer, Osterloh 4 Co., 1304 E. Cary. 
Christian & Gunn, Old Tobacco Ex. BTd. 
Conrad, J. M., 1208 E, Cary. 
Dibrell, R H., Shockoe Slip. 
Eggleston, J. A., 102 Shockoe Slip. 
<;rBy, B C. A Co., Old Tobacco Exchange B'l'dg. 
Martin, Walter K. 4 Co , Shockoe Slip. 
Morton, R. C-, Sliockoe Slip. 
Nolting, E. 0. 4 Co., 1310 E. Cary. 
Smith, M. T. 4 Co., Columbian Block. 
Tidemann, D. 4 Co., 1301 E. Main. 
Wise, Jas. M. 4 Peyton, 1306 E Cary. 

TOBACCO MACHINERY. 
SMITH, H. M. 4 CO., 1632 E. Main, Bee p. 69 



TOBACCO, MANUFACTURERS. 
Allen, J. F. 4 Co., E. Gary and 7th. 
Cameron. Alex 4 Co., 24 .8-20 E. Gary, 16 S. 24th. 
Campbell, Geo. 4 Co., 2424 E. Cary. 
Childrey, Jno. K., 2324 E. Main. 
Christian, Robl. J.. 16 S. 16th. 
Cullingsworth 4 Ellison, 2508-22 E. Main. 
Dibrell 4 Co , 1207 E. Cary. 
Dill, Joseph G., 2020 E. Franklin. 
Frayser, L. H. & Co., Rose Alley. 
Grant, L. J. 4 Co., 12, 14 and 16 N. 19th. 
Gregory, 0. P. 4 Co., 20 N. 20th. 
Hardgrove 4 Co., 2619 E. Main. 
Jones, James Leigh, 2401 E. Franklin. 
King, David H., Cary. 
Larus 4 Bro., 1917 E. Franklin. 
Loftier, Lawrence, 1900 E. Franklin. 
Lyon. Allen M. 4 Co., 11 N. 20th. 
MAYO. P. H. 4 BRO., 15 S. 7th, see p. 80 

Mayo, S. P. 4 Co., 10 N. 14th. 
Mayo, P. P.. 1518 E. Cary. 

OLIVER 4 ROBINSON. 606-13 Brook Av., see p. 81 
Pace, James B., 16 N. 22nd. 
Patterson, R. A. 4 Co.. 317 S. 7th. 
Pemberton, Thos. W., 106 Lumpkin's Alley. 
Pilkinton. E. P. 4 Co., 1410 E. Cary. 
Prescott 4 Osgood. 1434-36 E. Cary. 
Salmon, Hancock 4 Co.. 2523 E. Main. 
Thomas, W. C , 321-23 S. 9lli. 
Tnrpin, Jackson 4 Co., 15 S. 18th. 
Turpin 4 Bro., 1804-OG E. Cary. 
Williams. T. C. 4 Co., 107, 401-103 S. 7tli. 
Wright, J. 4 Co., 8th and Canal, Office 1 Tob. Ex. 
Yarbrough, Wm. J. 4 Sons, 2419 E. Friinklin. 

TOBACCO MANUFACTURERS SUPPLIES. 
Patton, James D., 1307 E. Cary. 
Shield 4 Warwick Bros , 22 S. 13th. 
Waggoner, J. J. 4 Co., 1324 E. Cary. 
Stokes, A Y. 4 Co., 19-21 8. 13th. 

TRANSPORTATION CO.'S. 
C. 4. O. R. R. CO., page A 

0. DOMINION S. S, CO., page B 

PIEDMONT AIR LINE R. K. CO., see Cover 

R., Y. R. 4 C. R. R. Co., page B 

Clyde (Phila.) Line Steamers. 
James River and Kanawha Canal Co. 
R., F. 4 P. R. R. Co. 
R. 4 P. R. R. Co. 

TRUNK MANUFACTURERS. 
Knotts Greenbury, 22 N. 9th. 
ROUNDTREE 4 McGINNESS, 1300-4 Franklin, p. 79 

TRUNKS 4 VALICES. 
WINGO, ELLETT 4 CRUMP, 1308 E. Main, see p. 62 

TYPE FOUNDER. 
PELOUZK, H. L. 4 SON, 102 Governor, see p. 81 

WHEELER 4 W.'^ =0N MANUFACTURING CO. 
New No. 8 Sewing Machine, page C 

WINES AND LIQUORS. 
BLAIR, W. D. 4 CO.. 1109 E. Main, page 86 

Chamberlayne, F. W., 1316 Cary. 
Cranz, 0-car, 14 Governor. 

DAVENPORT 4 MORRIS, 120-4 S. 17th, see p. D 
DAVIS, D. 0. 4 CO., 1323-7 E. Cary, see p. 85 

Ellison 4 Harvey. 1309 E. Cary 
Harvey 4 Blair, Cary, cor. 13th. 

JENKINS, E. COURTNEY 4 CO., 113 S.Uth, page 85 
Lathrop 4 Leigh, 1316-18 E. Cary. 
Powers. Blair 4 Co., 12 S. 14th. 

SEDDON 4 BRUCE, 102-6 Virginia, see p. 69 

Slater, Myers 4 Co., 1424 E. Main. 

WOOD, WILLOW AND TINWARE. 
Gresham 4 Brown, 1316 E Main. 
NOTT, A. H. 4 CO., 10 S. 14th, see p. 84 

Stokes, C. P. 4 Co., 14 S. 14th. 



Richmond as a Manufachcring and Trading Centre. A 

-THE- 

GHESAPEAKE & OHIO 




THE GREAT CENTRAL 

iBENQBR ROUTE 

-BETWEEN THE- 

E.A.ST:x^d -LATEST, 

-WITH ITS CONNECTIONS- 

At RICHMOND, to the North and South. 

At GORDONSVILLE, to the North and East. 

At CHARLOTTESVILLE, to the South and South-west. 

At HUNTINGTON, to all Points on the Ohio River. 

At PORTSMOUTH, O., to the Cities of Ohio and the North- 
west. 

At CINCINNATI, to all Principal Cities and Townsof the West, 
North-'west and South-west. 

OFFERS TO THE TRAVELING PUBLIC 

(£(7w ^a.t&s, ^irect (§onnections, and (§uick ^ime. 

This Line has firet-clasa Road Bed, Superstructure and Equipments, Superb Sleepinp Coaches, WestiDghouae 
Air-Brake, Miller Platform Buffers and Couplers, and all Modern Improvements. This is the only Route to 
the Famous 

PITHITS SULPHUR SPRIIffGS^ 

And other Mineral Mountain Resorts of the Blue Ridge and Alleghanies in Virginia and West Virginia. 

Through First Class Tickets (Unlimited and Limited! to all Cities and Towns in the United States, and Em- 
igrant Tickets to all points West, are on sale at all principal Ticket Offices everywhere. 

BaggAge Checked to Destination. 

CONWAY E. HOWARD, G. P. & T. A. 

Richmond, Va. 
S. T. DeFORD, Jr., W. P. A., J. 0. DAME, Southern Agent, 

tTt ^alttut ^tteet, iginclnaati. Richmond, ^a. 



Richmond as a Mamtfacturing and Trading Centre, 




One of the Superb St.-amers leaves New York for Norfolk, City Point and Richmond, from Pier 43 North 
River, foot of Clinstopher St., every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 3 o'clock P. M., until the completion 
of Pier c", which is being rebuilt Leave Riclimond for New York every Tuesday, Friday and Sunday, at 
high- water. Freight received daily — Sunday excepted — and forwarded promptly to all points North, South, 
Eaaa and West, and to Foreign Porte. Passeiif/t-r Accommodoikim { nsitrpnssed. Fare to or from New York, in- 
cluding meula and Btaterooni, ?12; Steerage, 16; Steerage, including meals, $8. 

N. L. McCREADT, President, 197 Greenwich St , New Tork, 

For Freight or Pasaage apply to the following Agents : 
Richmond, Petebsdurg & City Point. Nobpolk, 

G. W. ALLEN & CO. JOHN M. WEST. T. H. WEBB. 

|]iclin'[l,lfo[l(llive[6 Chesapeake 

RAILROAD. 




THROUGH PASSENGER &, FREIGHT ROUTE 

Between all Southern and Eastern and Western Points. 

Unbroken Gauge between West Point, Va., Richmond, Va., Danville, Va., Greensboro, 
N. C, Charlotte, N. C, Columbia, S. C, Augusta, Ga., Greenville and Spartanburg, S. C, 
Atlanta, Ga., Selma, Montgomery and Mobile, Ala., and New Orleans, La. 

Steamers Daily between West Point, Va., and Baltimore; Tri-weekly between West 
Point, Va., and New York, Providence, R. I., and Boston, Mass.; connecting with trains. 

For information apply to — 
R. FOSTER, 90 Light Street, Baltimore, Md. 
E. H. ROCKWELL, Providence, R. I. 

W. A. PEARCE, 228 Washington, St., Boston, Mass. 

W. H. STANFORD, 197 Greenwich St., New York. 
H. T. DOUGLAS, Richmond, Va. 



Richmond as a Manufacturing and Trading Centre. C 



Tie Wheeler I Wilson MaDiifacluriiig Conpaiij's 

NEW 
0,8. eiwiii iiciiiES. ^o.B. 




Acknowledged by the Highest Authorities everywhere the 

SIMPLEST & BEST FAMILY MACHINES SOLD. 



Paris Exposition, 1878. 
" I have examitied the Official List of Awards at the Universal Exposition, as published 
by the French authorities, and find that only one Grand Prize was awarded for Sewing 
Machines : that was given to the Wheeler & Wilson Company, of New York. 

R. C. Mccormick, commissioner General of the United States." 



§esponsible (Merchants can purchase on (Advantageous ^erms. 
WHEELER & WILSON M'F'G CO., Richmond, Va., 



D Richmond as a Manufacturing and Trading Centre. 

WHOLESALE & EETAIL DEALER IN 

Hardware, Cutlery, 

AND 

No. 1540 Blain St., RICHMOND, YA. 




HAS ALWAYS ON HAND AN ASSORTMENT OF 

The Best Cast Steel Axes, Hatchets, Hammers, Shovels, Forks 
and Hoes, Locks and Builders' Hardware; Hubs, Spokes, 
Rims, Buggy Bodies, Patent and Plain Hub Wheels, 
Axles, Springs, Shafts, Enameled Cloth, Dash and 
Top Leather, Oil Carpets, &c., &c.. Anvils, Bel- 
lows, Vises, Stocks & Dies, Drills & Sledges, 
AT LOWEST PRICES. 

DAVENPORT & MORRIS. 

RICHMOND, VA., 

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

Salt, Sugars, Coffee, Tea, Syrup, Molasses, Bacon, 

Flour, Fish, Powder, Ale & Porter, Soda, Starch, 

Soap, Candles, Tobacco, and all Leading 

Articles of the Grocery Trade. 

?'mfi^^hm MfTBUrmM QiifEM m tms FihuM§ of QmBHs. 



WM. ELLIS JONES, 



No. 5 S. TWELFTH STEEET, EIOHMOND, VA. 
Orders Solicited. Estimates Cheerfully Furnished. 



Richmotid as a Manufacturing and Trading Centre. 



ed 



CiQ 







E 



"^ PI ^K psc 

Is i-J "I i^^ 



FIEIQIT HIE mi i GEHTEllL MI LI 



VIA. 

RICHMOND, C HARLOTTE ATLANTA. 
DOnBLE DAJLYPASSENGER ROUTE 

^2 Miles the Sljortesl Route to 

ATLANTA, MACON, 
COLUMBUS. MONTGOMERY, 
MOBILE, NEW ORLEANS, 
And All Tezas Points. 

Pullinan Palace Sleeping Cars 

Run through between New York and At- 
lanta, and Atlanta to New Orleans. 

ELEGANT DAY COACHES. 
SURE CONNECTIONS. 

GOOD EATING HOUSES. 

Ba^Ask for and see that your Tickets 
read via Richmond, Charlotte and Atlanta. 

J. R. MACMUROO, 

Gen. Pass. Agent, Richmond, Va. 



COMPRISING THE 

Richmond & Danville, North Carolins 

and Charlotte, Columbia & 

Augusta R. R's. 

VI-A. 

RICHMOND.CHARLOTTE&AUSUSTA 

TH£ DOUBLE DAILl 

PASSENGER ROUTE 

For Aiken, Charleston, Savannah, 
a nd Florida. 

MILES SHORTER THAr 

ANY OTHER ROUTE. 



57 



PULLMAN PALACI 

(§Tawing (§00 m (Sleeping (§ars 

Run through between Boston, Mass , an 

S-ivannah, Ga. 

11 S,"* Miles IVithout Chanof. 

Excursion Tickets to Jackso pville, Fla 

Porcliast Vonr TitkeU lia Ric limoiij, Charlollt and Augnsfa 

J. K. MACMDRDO, Gen. Pass Agent, Richmond, V! 



PIEDMONT MR LINE. 
FAST FREIGHT 

The Short Line to Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina 
Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. 

CONNECTING AT WEST POINT, VA., with an unbroke 
gauge, and One Hundred and Forty-seven Miles Shorter lo Athnta, the South and South 
west than any other line. Thu Most Direct Route Between 

NEW YORK, BOSTON, PHILADELPHIA. PROVIDENCE, 

BALTIMORE, FALL RIVER, RICHMOND. 

A.IsriD 

Atlanta, Ga. Athens, Ga. Asheville, N. C. Augusta. Ga. Charlotte, N. C. Chat 

tanooga, Tenn. Chester, S. C. Columbia, S. C. Dalton, Ga. Danville, Va. 

Goldsboro, N. C. Greensboro, N. C. Greenville, S C. Jackson, Miss. 

La Grange, Ga. Macon, Ga. Marietta. Ga. Montgomery, Ala. Ne>w- 

nan, Ga. Opelika, Ala. Raleigh, N. C. Rome, Ga. Salisbury, 

N. C. Selma, Ala. Spartanburg, S. C Statesville, N. C. 

Union, S. C. Vicksburg, Miss. West Point, Ga. York- 

ville, S. C. And all other places named in the 

SHIPPER'S GUIDE. 



i.pH 



.icting Offices 



J®~Through Rate? given on 

F. B. PRIOR, Agent, 12 S. >Vharv< «. phUadelphia. 

JAMES HOLUNGSHEAD. ,i "nt. 1 German St., Baltimore. 
F. M. IRONMONGER, AcBnt, 9 Astor House, N. Y. 

W. A. PJ.AHCi'. Agent 228 Washington St., Boston. 

SOL. HAAS, General Freight Agent Richmond, Va 



J.W.RANDOLPH & ENGLISH, 

■ PUBUSHEHS, 

Booksellers, Slalioners, Priniers, Binflers, 

BLANK-BOOK & PAPER BOX lANDFACTDRERS, 

1302 &. 4 MAIN STREET, - - RICHMOND, VA, 



PAPER BOXES 

For Druggists, Jewellers, Tobacconists, Shoe Dealers, Milliners, 

Grocers, Coffee and Sugar Sample Boxes, and, in fact, 

every kind, from the Cheapest Pill to the 

Finest Fancy Vienna Style. 



WE WILL GUARANTEE QUALITY AND LOW RATES OF FREIGHT 
TO ALL POINTS. 



ITE-W BOOICS: 

ARMY NORTHERN VIRGINIA MEMOBUL VOLUME.— Compiled by Rev. J, Wm. Jones, D. D., Sei 

tHiy Southern Uldtorical Society, author " Persooal Reminiscences of Len," etc. 

The book is sold at $2 in mualio, $2.25 In half-colored leather, f'i.SO io half-calf, and $3.60 in hiilf-n 
A few copies, illustrated with the best portrait of General Lee on steel, and the Battle Flag (printed io four 
colors) from ''Manassas to Appomattox," and bound in fine diced Russia, handsome, price $5. All kinds sent 
by mail, paid, to any address, oo receipt of the price, o*- by express (which is safer) not paid. 

HISTORY OF BRISTOL PARISH, VA, with Genealogies of Families connected therewith, and Historical 
Illustrations. — By Rev. Prilip Slaughter, D.D., author of the Histories of St. George's and St. Mark's 
Parishes, and Correspondinn member of the Historical Societies of Virgioia and Wisconsin, &c. Price, 
$1 60 by mail. paid. 

HOUSEKKEPING IN OLD VIRGINIA, containing Contributions from Two Hundred and Fifty Ladies in 
Virginia and her Sister States, distinguished for their skill in the culinary art and other branches of domes- 
tic economy.— Edited by Marion Cabell Ttreb. Price, $1.75, by mail, paid. 

DEATH OF DEA fH : or A Study of God's Holiness in Connection with the Eilstence of Evil, in bo far at 
Intelligent and Responsible Beings are concerned.— By An Orthooox Layman, Price, $1.25, by mail, 

FITZ'S SOUTHERN APPLE AND PEACH CULTURIST— Plates, Si.OO. by mail, paid. 

THE PRACTICE OF THE COURTS OF LAW IN CIVIL CASES, founded on Robinson's Practice, by R. 
T. Barton. Price, $6, by mail, paid. 

VIRGINIA MONTHLY LAW JOURNAL, published at 86 per year. 

J. W RANDOLPH d ENGLISH, Richmond, Va. 



If* 



Heckman 

BINDERY. INC. 
Bound-lb-Pk-ase* 

AUG 00 

N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA 46962