Skip to main content

Full text of "The rich and the poor one in Christ : a sermon preached in S. Peter's Church, Sudbury, August 3, 1858 : being the commemoration of the free opening and restoration of the church"

See other formats


L  I  G)  R.AR.Y 

OF   THL 

U  N  IVLRSITY 

or    ILLl  NOIS 


/^/'5^ 


THE    HIGH    AND    THE   POOR    ONE    IN    CHRIST. 

^^  /fs-p . 

A  SERMON, 


PREACHED     IN 


AUGUST    3,    1868; 

JBeing  the    Coviviemoration   of  the    Free    Opening    and 
Mestoration  of  the  Church. 


REV.    JOHN    KEBLE,    M.A., 

Vicar  of  Hursley. 


"All  equal  are  within  the  Church's  gate.*' — G.  Herbert. 


LONDON: 
J.  T.  HAYES,  lYALL  PLACE,  EATON  SQUARE: 

SUDBURY  :   J.  M.  KING. 

1858. 


A  SERMON. 


Proverbs  xxii.  2. 

"  The  rich  and  the  poor  meet  together  :  the  Lord  is  the  Maker 
of  them  all." 


He  who  wrote  this  sentence  was  the  richest  as  well 
as  the  wisest  of  men.  For  Holy  Scripture  expressly 
says,  "  King  Solomon  exceeded  all  the  kings  of  the 
earth  for  riches  and  for  wisdom."  *  And  it  was 
great  part  of  his  wisdom,  no  doubt,  to  consider  how 
he  should  make  the  most  of  his  riches,  for  God's 
glory  and  the  good  of  His  people  ;  and  in  order  to  do 
this,  how  he  should  order  his  own  mind  and  heart 
concernins:  them.  And  we  are  told  that  God  "  or"ave 
him"  not  only  "wisdom  and  understanding,  exceeding 
much,"  but  also  "  largeness  of  heart,  even  as  the  sand 
which  is  on  the  sea  shore." 

Largeness  of  heart — what  is  that  ?  We  may  partly 
judge  by  what  is  said  to  the  Church  ;  how  it  should 
be  with  her  when  the  great  Gospel  promise  should  be 
fulfilled:  "Thou  shalt  see,  and  flow  together,  and 
thine  heart  shall  fear ^  and  be  enlarged."'\ 

To  all  His  other  precious  gifts  the  Holy  Spirit 
would  add  this  crowning  one,  a  heart  to  understand 
and  value  in  some  measure  the  greatness  and  depth  of 
them  all ;  and  to  fear  exceeding!}'',  as  one  entering 
into  a  cloud  of  glory  : — a  heart  to   perceive  how  that 

*J  Kings  X.  23,  29.  \  Isaiah  Ix.  5. 


"  whatsoever  God  doeth,"  and  whatsoever  He  giveth, 
"it  shall  be  forever;"*  it  has  eternal  and  everlasting 
bearinp;s;  and  it  spreads  far  around,  far  beyond 
the  immediate  occasion  and  the  person  immediately 
benefited. 

I  say,  when  a  wise  and  understanding  man's  mind 
is  opened,  not  only  to  receive  the  truth,  but  thus  to 
eel  the  length  and  breadth  and  depth  and  height  of 
it — not  for  himself  only,  but  for  all  for  whom  God 
intended  it — then  that  person's  heart  is  "  enlarged  " 
in  the  sense  in  which  Solomon's  was,  and  in  which 
God  intended  His  Church's,  and  the  hearts  of  all 
Christians  to  be.  Those  are  the  true  "enlarged 
views,"  my  brethren,  which  look  around  on  all  men, 
and  onward  beyond  all  time;  they  are  the  very  con- 
trary to  whatever  is  selfish  and  narrow-minded  :  and 
by  them  the  Holy  Spirit  instructed  that  wise  and 
rich  king,  and  the  Church  of  which  he  was  the  type, 
to  think  of  the  rich  and  poor  always  as  in  relation  one 
to  the  other  :  not  as  separate,  not  as  in  contrast,  but 
as  parts  of  one  great  and  harmonious  whole,  in  due 
time  to  be  revealed  in  its  fulness  by  Him  Who  ordained 
it,  and  Who  alone  understands  it. 

"  The  rich  and  the  poor  meet  together  :"  they  are 
(so  to  speak)  correlatives  in  this  great  system  of  God 
Almighty's  ordering ;  as  parents  and  children  are, 
and  subjects  and  rulers,  and  servants  and  masters,  and 
young  and  old  :  one  cannot  be  without  the  other. 
Their  mutual  interests,  and  rights,  and  duties,  fill  up 
a  large  space  indeed  in  this  our  world  of  trial :  they 
are  entwined  and  mingled  in  a  thousand  ways:  they 
meet  each  other  at  every  turn. 

This  is  God's  ordinance,  and  His  Scriptures  and 
His  Church  are  perpetually  reminding  us  of  it ;  yet 

*  licclesiastes  iii.  14. 


to  one  looking  superficially  on  the  outside  of  human 
life,  especially  as  we  see  it  under  the  high  pressure  (so 
to  speak)  of  modern  civilization,  it  might  appear  more 
to  the  purpose,  if  one  talked  of  the  separation  and 
divergence,  than  of  the  intermixture  of  the  several 
classes.  "  The  rich  and  the  poor"  (it  might  seem 
natural  to  say)  "  keep  far  apart,  yet  the  Lord  is  the 
Father  of  them  all"  At  any  rate,  such  is  to  a  great 
extent  the  feeling  of  those  who  are  outwardly  lower  in 
the  scale:  you  may  hear,  and  you  may  still  oftener 
overhear  from  them,  sayings,  which  show  how  very 
painfully  alive  they  are  to  the  distinction  ;  how  hard 
it  is  even  for  the  best  among  them  thoroughly  to 
reconcile  themselves  to  it ;  and  how  sadly,  alas  !  for 
the  greater  part  of  them,  the  whole  of  life  is  embit- 
tered and  made  fretful  by  an  impatient  sense  of  their 
inferiority.  Both  for  them  and  for  their  (so-called) 
betters,  no  teaching  could  be  more  wholesome  than 
that,  which  by  God's  mercy  may  help  them  to  enter 
into  the  meaning  of  the  Bible  and  the  Church,  in 
treating  the  rich  and  the  poor  as  One  in  Christ. 

Who  does  not  see,  for  instance,  how  good  and 
gracious  the  order  of  Providence  is,  towards  the  richer 
sort  especially,  when  it  brings  them  into  near  neigh- 
bourhood, perhaps  even  into  close  contact,  with  the  most 
miserable,abject,forsaken  of  their  brethren,  from  whom, 
may  be,  all  their  lives  long,  they  have  been  carefully 
kept,  or  have  kept  themselves,  aloof?  Think  steadily 
for  a  moment  of  some  one  particular  case  :  think  upon 
that  instance  which  He  Who  knew  what  is  best  for  us 
especially  chose  out,  for  you,  and  for  me,  and  for  us 
all,  to  bear  in  miud  :  think  upon  the  Rich  Man,  and 
Lazarus  at  his  gate.  Here  is  one  who,  it  should  seeui, 
had  never  known  in  his  whole  life  any  clothing  but 
purple  and  fine  linen;  any  meal  but  of  sumptuous 
fare;  and  things  are  so  ordered,  that  one  is  brought 


6 

close  to  him,  and  laid  at  his  very  gate,  so  that  he 
cannot  o-o  in  and  out  without  seeinj:  him— one  in  the 
lowest  state  of  destitution,  a  beo^gar,  full  of  sores,  no 
one  to  tend  him  but  the  dogs,  nothing  to  rely  on  for 
food  but  **  the  crumbs  which  fell  from  the  rich  man's 
table."  Here,  indeed,  were  the  rich  and  the  poor 
meeting  together,  and  the  Lord,  the  Maker  of  both, 
watching  to  see  what  would  come  of  it ;  whether  that 
*' poor  rich  man"  would  avail  himself  of  the  golden 
blessed  opportunity,  and  begin  to  lay  up  treasure  in 
heaven ;  whether  the  beggar  would  prove  rich  in 
patience,  in  a  forgiving  and  heavenly  mind.  We 
know  the  result— the  Watcher  has  Himself  told  us; — 
and  we  may  judge  what  will  ensue  by  and  by,  in  the 
thousands  and  millions  of  similar  instances,  more  and 
more  abounding  among  us,  as  the  rich  and  the  poor, 
in  old  and  thickly-peopled  countries  like  this  in  which 
our  lot  is  cast,  are  pressed  into  more  immediate  con- 
tact with  one  another,  while  their  social  conditions  are 
forced  wider  and  wider  apart.  Is  it  not  an  awful 
thought,  brethren,  as  you  pass  through  London,  or 
any  large  city,  that  this  parable  of  the  Rich  Man  and 
Lazarus  is  being  invisibly  acted  over  in  street  after 
street,  at  door  after  door  ;  and  souls  continually  pass- 
ing away  to  Abraham's  bosom,  or  to  the  place  of 
torment,  according  as  they  are  found  to  have  con- 
sidered, or  neglected  the  poor — to  have  envied,  or 
prayed  for,  the  J'ich  ?  Surely  they  both,  both  poor 
and  rich,  have  great  need  one  of  another  ;  which  most, 
it  is  hard  to  say  For  if  Lazarus  cannot  live  without  the 
leavings  and  fiagments,  at  least, — "  the  crumbs  which 
fall  i'rom  the  rich  man's  table  ;" — much  less  can  the 
rich  man  prosper  without  such  as  l.azarus  to  wait  upon 
and  relieve.  He  must  have  such  to  pray  for  him,  and 
show  him  the  way  to  better  things,  else  he  ^vi\\  have 
small  chance  indeed  of  escaping  the  sentence  of  those 


who  choose  their  portion  here.  ''  Ye  have  the  poor 
with  you  always;  and  whensoever  ye  will,  ye  may  do 
them  good  :"  so  we  have  been  told  by  Him  Who  is 
the  truth.  Only  let  the  lesson  be  once  learned,  by 
any  dispensation  of"  Gou's  providence,  severe  or  gentle, 
that  the  poor,  even  when  they  seem  most  separated, 
are  in  God's  account  always  with  a  man — within  his 
reach — for  his  trial :  let  this,  1  say,  be  only  once 
learned,  and  it  cannot  well  be  ever  forgotten,  so  many, 
so  various  are  the  occasions  on  which  the  Voice  of 
God  keeps  on  repeating  it  to  us.  I  will  try  to  enume- 
rate some  of  them. 

We  hear  of  children  born,  be  it  in  a  palace  or  in  a 
cottage  ;  we  go  on  a  little  further,  and  we  hear  the  bell 
going  for  some  one  who  has  died.  The  like  thought 
comes  with  both.  In  their  births,  men  are  on  a  level; 
and  death,  when  it  conies,  just  brings  them  to  a  level 
again.  The  confession  of  Job  is  the  confession  of  all  : 
"•  Naked  came  I  out  of  my  mother's  womb,  and  naked 
shall  1  return  thither."  In  this  sense,  undoubtedly, 
rich  and  poor,  as  they  st  t  out  togetlier  from  the  w  omb, 
so  they  meet  together  in  the  grave,  the  womb  of  their 
mother  earth.  'J  his  is  not  a  matter  of  Faith  but  of 
Sight.  But  Faith,  enlightened  by  Holy  Scripture, 
discovers  what  eye  haih  not  seen  nor  can  see,  as  con- 
cerning the  time  before  men's  birth  and  after  their 
death.  Faith  instructs  us  to  go  on  to  say,  "  Well  may 
all  be  born  alike  and  all  die  alike,  visibly,  since  the 
invisible  origin  of  all  is  one  and  the  same  ;  and  so,  in 
one  sense,  is  their  invisible  end  also." 

God  Himself  is  their  first  begirning.  Rich  and 
poor  alike,  He  is  the  Maker  of  them  all,  and  knoAvcth 
all,  and  hateth  n(  thing  that  He  hath  made.  As  to  our 
bodies,  we  are  all  of  the  First  Ad^m,  whom  God 
created  out  of  the  dust  of  the  earth.  And  of  all,  rich 
and  poor  alike,  we  read,   " ']  hine  eyes  did  see  my 


8 

substance,  yet  being  imperfect;  and  in  thy  book  all 
my  members  were  written,  which  in  continuance  were 
fashioned,  when  as  yet  there  was  none  of  them. 
How  precious  also  are  thy  thoughts  unto  me,  O 
God  !  how  great  is  the  sum  of  them  !  "*  To  the  beggar 
Lazarus,  as  well  as  to  the  richest  and  greatest,  the 
promise  is  distinctly  made,  and  stands  sure  :  "  The 
very  hairs  of  your  head  are  all  numbered  ;"  and 
*'  Fear  not,"  for  "  not  a  sparrow  shall  fall  to  the  ground 
without  your  Father;"  and  "Ye  are  of  more  value 
than  many  sparrows."f 

If  He  thus  take  account  of  all  our  bodies,  much 
more  of  all  our  souls.  For  they  also  have  their 
beginning,  one  and  all,  from  Him  :  and  that  more 
immediately  than  our  bodies  have.  For  the  body  was 
formed  out  of  the  clay ;  but  the  soul,  the  breath  of 
life,  was  breathed  into  man's  nostrils,  by  the  very  Lord 
Himself  and  Giver  of  Life. 

And  accordingly  it  is  men's  souls  that  He  claims 
for  His  own,  His  special  property,  in  that  remarkable 
verse,  "  Behold,  all  souls  are  mine ;  as  the  soul  of  the 
Father,  so  also  the  soul  of  the  Son  is  mine  ;  the  soul 
that  sinneth,  it  shall  die.":|;  The  poor  man's  soul  is 
His  as  well  as  the  rich  man's;  both  are  alike  set  down 
in  His  Book  ;  and  as  both  are  of  the  same  origin,  the 
Breath  of  His  Mouth,  so  in  the  end  both  return  to 
Him.  It  is  His  own  word,  uttered,  as  in  our  text, 
by  the  voice  of  the  wisest  of  men  :  "  The  dust  shall 
return  to  the  earth  as  it  was,  and  the  spirit  shall 
return  unto  God  AA'ho  gave  it  :"||  the  spirit  of  man 
"  going  upwards,"  §  because  it  came  from  Him  Who 
dwells  on  high. 

Thus,  in  the  end  of  this  our  earthly  being,  the  rich 


*  Ps.  cxxxix.  16, 17.      t  S-  Liil^e  xii.  7  ;  S.  Matt.  x.  29,  31, 
I  Ezokicl  xviii  4.     1|  Ecclcs.  xii.  7.     §  Ibid.  iii.  21. 


9 

and  the  poor  meet  together,  as  the  Church  in  the 
Burial  Service  acknowledges  concerning  all,  good  and 
bad  alike  :  "  It  hath  pleased  Almighty  God  to  take 
them  unto  Himself." 

Even  if  we  knew  no  more  than  this,  it  might  well 
chasten  and  subdue  our  pride  and  envy,  and  make  us 
gentle  and  considerate  one  towards  another ;  but 
blessed  be  God,  we  know  a  great  deal  more  than  this  : 
we  know  that  the  Almighty  and  i^ll-Hol}^  One,  from 
Whom  in  a  certain  sense  we  all  come,  and  to  whom, 
one  and  all,  we  are  to  go, — we  know  that  He  not  only 
knows  and  cares  for  our  wants  and  feelings,  ^a  hat  ever 
be  our  station  in  life,  but  that  He  has  actual  sympathy 
with  us.  How  do  we  know  this?  We  know  it  by 
that,  which  is  the  great  mystery,  the  corner-stone  of 
all  our  faith  ;  namely,  that  except  in  what  is  sinful, 
He  has  been  ever  since  His  Incarnation  in  very  deed 
one  of  us,  is  now,  and  will  be  so  for  ever.  In  Him 
"the  rich  and  the  poor  meet  together "  in  a  way 
unspeakable  and  unthought  of  by  man.  For  as  His 
Apostle  tells  us,  "  Ye  know  the  grace  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  that  though  he  was  rich,  yet  for  your 
sakes  he  became  poor,  that  ye  through  his  poverty 
might  be  rich."  "  He  was  rich,"  indeed,  the  Lord 
and  Owner  of  all  things,  for  He  "  created  all  things, 
and  for  His  pleasure  they  are  and  were  created  "  But 
He  emptied  Himself  of  this  glory,  made  as  if  it  was 
not  His,  "made  Himself  of  no  reputation,  took  on 
Him  the  form  of  a  slave,  was  found  in  fashion  as  a 
man."  And  while  accoi  ding  to  the  immensity  of  His 
Divine  ^'ature  He  fills  heaven  and  eaith.  He  vouch- 
safed at  His  birth  to  be  laid  in  a  manger  for  a  cradle, 
and  during  a  great  part  of  His  earthly  life  not  to  know 
where  to  lay  His  Head;   yet  knowing  Himself  all  the 

*  2  Cor.  viii.  9. 


10 

while  to  be  absolute  Lord  and  Owner  of  all  things.  So 
that  in  a  wonderful  way  He  could  sympathize,  yes, 
literally  sympathize  and  have  entire  fellow-feeling 
with  the  opposite  extremes,   as  need  arose. 

Our  Lord's  history  when  He  was  among  us, — His 
whole  life  here  in  the  flesh, — is  full  of  tokens  to  this 
effect; — instances  in  which  the  wealthy  and  the  poor 
were  wonderfully  brought  together  around  Him,  and 
in  relation  to  Him.  What,  for  instance,  and  whom 
should  we  have  seen,  had  we  been  waiting  with  Mary 
and  Joseph  beside  His  manger-cradle?  First,  the  very 
poor,  the  shepherds  of  Betlilehem,  whose  calling  was 
to  watch  over  their  flocks  by  night, — to  watch  in  their 
own  persons,  as  unable  to  hire  others;  and  then,  per- 
haps  within  a  few  days,  wise  men  from  the  East,  such 
as  Solomon  was  in  his  time,  rich,  knowing,  noble, 
supposed  to  be  royal  persons.  Here,  at  the  very 
beginning  of  His  earthly  life,  are  the  rich  and  the  poor 
marvellousl}'  met  together,  in  honour  of  their  Lord, 
become  Incarnate  for  them  all.  They  met,  where 
heaven  and  earth  had  just  met,  in  the  stable,  by  the 
manger,  at  Bethlehem. 

And  though  in  His  unutterable  love  towards  the 
poor  He  chose  to  be  Himself  poor  in  this  world,  poor 
with  a  very  deep  poverty ;  though  by  preference  He 
lived  among  them,  sought  them  out,  preached  His 
Gospel  especially  to  them;  yet  are  His  Four  Gospels 
studded,  as  it  were,  with  precious  tokens  that  cannot 
be  overlooked,  of  His  perfect  sympathy  with  the  rich 
also.  W  ho  has  not  observed  the  very  striking  and  signi- 
ficant way  in  which  He  from  time  to  time  brings  Him- 
self, the  poor  and  ni  edy  One,  into  closest  communion 
and  Contact  "with  those  who  hiid  enongh  and  to  spare? 
What  a  meeting  of  rich  and  poor  was  that,  when  He, 
a  suj)posed  car|)entiT's  s^on  from  Kazareth,  appeared  in 
the  temple,  sitting  in  the  midst  of  the  doctors,  the 


11 

teachers  of  chief  renown  and  highest  rank  of  their 
time  !  and  again,  more  piivately,  when  He  talked  to 
Nicodemus  by  night,  and  to  him  first,  as  it  would 
seem,  revealed  the  secrets  of  regeneration  and  atone- 
ment !  to  Nicodemus,  a  rich  man,  a  ruler  of  the  Jews. 
Each  one  of  the  miracles  wrought  for  centurions, 
noblemen,  rulers  of  the  synagogue,  and  the  like ; 
each  one  of  the  miracles  taken  from  the  ways  and 
dealings  of  householders,  judges,  merchants,  some- 
times even  kings ;  each  one  of  the  munv  occasions  on 
which  He  condescended  to  eat  and  drink  with  pub- 
licans, or  entered  for  that  purpose  into  rulers'  and 
Pharisees'  houses  : — each  and  all  of  these  would  appear 
to  be  cases  in  point ;  cases  in  which  His  Gospel, 
primarily  preached  to  the  poor,  overflowed  as  it  were 
to  the  salvation  of  the  rich. 

What  a  look  of  unspeakable,  yearning  sympathy 
was  that,  which  He  turned  on  the  rich  young  man 
who  had  asked  Him  what  He  must  do  to  be  saved  ! 
Of  none  other  do  we  read,  "Jesus,  beholding  him, 
loved  him."  But  mark  which  way  His  love  tended  : 
"  Sell  whatsoever  thou  hast,  and  give  to  the  poor,  and 
thou  shalt  have  treasure  in  heaven  :  and  come,  take 
up  the  cross,  and  follow  Me."*  As  the  greatest  favor 
He  could  show  that  young  man,  the  greatest  encouiage- 
ment  to  his  beginnings,  what  does  Christ  command 
him?  "Thou  art  rich:  become  poor  like  me."  He 
would  make  riches  and  poverty  meet  as  it  were  in 
those  who  should  come  running  to  Him  to  be  savrd, 
as  they  had  met  in  His  own  self:  as  though  He  should 
say  to  each  one  of  us,  what  a  holy  man  of  our  own 
Chuich  once  said, 

"  Give  all  men  something :  to  a  good  poor  man, 
Till  thou  change  names,  and  be  where  he  began."  f 

*  S.  Mark  x.  -21.  f  ^'  Herbert. 


12 

It  is  true,  that  favoured  young  man  did  not  for  the 
time  accept  the  gracious  word.  "  He  went  away 
sorrowful,  because  he  had  great  possessions"  But 
who  can  say  that  his  heart  did  not  turn  afterwards  ? 
that  he  was  not  one  among  those  whom  the  Holy 
Ghost  at  His  first  coming  moved  to  lay  all  at  the 
Apostles'  feet? 

Then,  there  are  the  rich  penitents,  S.  Matthew, 
Zaccheus,  and  Mary  Magdalen ;  so  many  types  of 
those,  who  being  outwardly  in  circumstances  which 
would  give  least  promise  of  conversion,  have  at  sundry 
times  come  uncalled  to  their  Saviour,  or  have  answered 
at  once  to  His  call :  blessed  results  of  His  revealing 
Himself  in  His  low  estate  to  the  wealthy  and  refined. 

Observe,  too,  His  intercourse  with  the  chief  Priests 
and  their  council,  with  Herod,  and  with  Pilate,  on 
the  last  day  of  His  earthly  life;  was  He  not  the 
*'  poor  wise  man,"*  showing  those  great  ones  the  way 
to  deliverance,  had  they  but  been  willing  to  be 
delivered  ? 

And  as  might  be  expected  after  all  this,  His  Cross 
and  His  Grave  became  especially  gathering-places  for 
rich  and  poor  alike.  There  were  to  be  seen,  of  the  one 
class.  His  Blessed  Mother  and  her  kinsfolk,  Mary, 
especially,  the  wife  of  Cleopas,  our  Saviour's  aunt, 
and  Salome  with  her  younger  son,  John  the  Evange- 
list. These  were  there  as  samples  of  Christ's  poor ; 
and  of  the  rich,  who  were  "  to  eat  and  worship,"  were 
Nicodemus,  Joseph,  and  S.  Mary  Magdalene.  The 
poor  dying  thief  who  had  forfeited  all,  and  the  cen- 
turion, Ceesar's  oificer,  who  presided  at  His  execution, 
were  one  in  this — that  they  were  both  attracted  to  Him 
by  His  Cross,  He  was  "  lifted  up,"  and  rich  and  poor 
and  "all  men"  began  at  once  to  be  "drawn  unto  Him." 

•  Eccles.  ix.  15. 


13 

Christ  being  thus  rich  and  poor  at  once,  the 
richest  and  the  poorest  on  earth ;  and  His  sympathies 
when  on  earth,  having  been  felt  by  both  classes  alike; 
in  Him,  and  as  members  of  Him,  rich  and  poor 
Christians  meet  and  are  made  one,  even  now  in  this 
present  life,  after  a  fashion  which  no  heart  of  man 
could  have  imagined.  Perhaps  the  Apostle's  words 
may  point  to  this,  when  he  mentions  it  as  part  of  the 
description  of  himself  and  the  other  ministers  and 
members  of  Christ,  that  they  are  as  persons  "having 
nothing,  and  yet  possessing  all  things;"  having  nothing 
of  their  own,  but  possessing  all  things  in  Christ. 
This  was  the  case,  even  outwardly  and  visibly,  among 
the  first  and  best  Christians. 

What  a  gathering  of  rich  and  poor  was  that  at 
Pentecost,  when  "  all  that  believed  were  together,  and 
had  all  things  common ;  and  sold  their  possessions  and 
goods,  and  parted  them  to  all  men,  as  every  man  had 
need,"*  when  the  poor  widow  with  her  two  mites,  and 
the  rich  who  cast  in  much,  appeared  as  it  were  anew, 
manifold  in  number,  to  offer  at  a  better  treasury,  and 
to  receive  a  more  perfect  blessing. 

Thus,  as  Christ  Himself,  from  the  moment  of  His 
Incarnation,  was  mysteriously  both  rich  and  poor;  so 
in  His  Church  and  kingdom,  from  the  moment  of 
the  descent  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  there  has  existed  on 
earth  a  marvellous  and  entire  union  of  those  two 
classes,  otherwise  so  far  asunder  : — the  true  Socialism, 
the  true  Libeity,  Equality,  and  Fraternity  : — a  union 
more  or  less  obscure,  but  always  real,  and  always 
realized  in  proportion  to  the  faith  and  love  of  those 
who  professed  to  receive  it.  In  the  Holy  Catholic 
Church  "  the  rich  and  the  poor "  are  indeed  "  met 
togetlier,"   in  the  Name  of  that  Lord,  Whom  they 

*  Acts  ii.  44,  45. 


14 

know    to   be   not   only   "  the  Maker,"  but   also  the 
Redeemer  and  Regenerator  "  of  them  all." 

Do  you  ask  a  token  of  this  ?  cast  your  eyes  around, 
you.  Look,  for  instance,  towards  the  Church  door,  how 
it  stands  open  at  all  times  to  all  comers,  and  mark 
the  Font  which  stands  near  it :  how  are  matters  ordered 
at  that  Font,  when  young  children  are  brought  there, 
to  be  admitted  by  baj)tism  into  the  Church  and  Fold 
of  Christ  ?  Does  any  one  ask  about  their  parents, 
whether  they  are  rich  or  poor  ?  No  !  the  only  ques- 
tion is,  "  Hath  the  child  been  already  baptized,  or 
no  ?"  The  only  difference  which  the  Church  recog- 
nizes between  one  infant  and  another,  is,  the  one 
being  in  the  sinful  condition  which  by  nature  it  had 
of  Adam ;  the  other  baptized  and  born  again  in 
Christ.  Once  know  that  the  child  is  unbaptized, 
and  you  know  and  are  sure  that  that  child  has  a  sliare 
in  the  loving  invitation,  "  Every  one  that  thirsteth, 
come  ye  to  the  waters,  and  he  that  hath  no  money  ; 
come  ye,  buy,  and  eat;  yea,  come,  buy  wine  and 
milk  without  money  and  without  price."*  Be  it 
a  king's  child  or  a  beggar's,  the  same  prayers  are 
said  for  it ;  the  same  Saviour,  by  one  or  other  of 
Bis  Ministers,  takes  it  up  in  His  arms,  the  same 
words  are  spoken  over  it,  the  same  water  applied 
to  it,  the  same  Spirit  comes  to  make  it  partaker 
of  the  same  Christ;  it  is  baptized  into  the  same 
Holy  Trinit}',  the  same  Cross  is  made  on  its  forehead. 
And  afterwards,  when  the  child,  being  baptized,  is 
carried  home  out  of  Church,  it  matters  not  whether 
he  is  carried  to  a  hovel  or  a  palace  ;  just  the  same 
things  are  to  be  taught  him,  whatever  his  line  of  life 
is  to  be :  one  and  the  same  prayer  to  be  said,  one  and 
and  the  same  Creed   to  be  believed,  the  same  Ten 

*  Is.  Iv.  1. 


15 

Commandments  to  be  learned  and  practised  by  all. 
God's  Word,  whether  at  home  or  in  Church,  is  to  you 
what  it  is  to  me.  There  is  not  one  Bible  for  the  rich 
and  another  for  the  poor :  how  should  there  be,  since 
there  is  but  one  Heaven  for  both,  and  one  way  to  it, 
and  the  Bible  teaches  that  way  ?  And  we  are  certain 
there  can  be  but  One  Communion,  because  Jesus 
Christ  is  One  and  One  only,  and  the  Communion  is 
the  partaking  His  Body  and  Blood.  And  His  Own 
prayer  on  consecrating  that  first  Holy  Communion, 
the  night  before  His  Passion,  was,  that  we  all  might 
be  one  with  Him  and  with  each  other,  as  truly  as  He 
and  the  Father  are  one.  What  a  mere  nothing  in 
comparison  of  all  these  great  unities  is  the  diversity 
between  the  rich  and  the  poor,  that  is,  between  those 
who  for  a  short  time  have  some  more  some  less  of  that 
"which"  moth  and  rust  doth  corrupt,  "and  thieves 
break  through  and  steal ! "  And  how  ashamed  shall  we 
one  day  be  of  ourselves — how  despised  and  humbled  in 
our  own  eyes,  when  by  the  light  of  eternity  we  shall 
look  back  upon  our  own  vain  imaginations,  and 
remember  how  our  poor  foolish  hearts  allowed  them- 
selves to  depend  on  that,  which  was  so  very  soon  to 
make  itself  wings  and  fly  away  ! — to  depend  on  it,  if 
we  had  it,  to  repine  and  despond,  if  we  wanted  it. 

As  Englishmen,  we  believe,  and  we  have  a  sort  of 
pride  in  believing,  that  we  are  all  equal  before  the 
eye  of  the  law  :  let  us  have  so  much  faith  in  the  great 
Lawgiver  of  the  whole  world,  as  to  believe  Him  when 
He  tells  us,  that  as  "  there  is  neither  Jew  nor  Greek, 
there  is  neither  bond  nor  free,  there  is  neither  male 
nor  female,"  so  neither  is  there  rich  nor  poor,  "  but 
we  are  all  one  in  Christ  Jesus."  As  you  advance  in 
this  faith,  my  brethren,  you  will  grow  more  and  more 
large-hearted ;  you  will  be  like  people  ascending  in 
a  region  of  high  mountains — inequalities  which  from 


16 

below  seemed  insurmountable  will  appear  |sp read  out 
as  a  plain  at  your  feet. 

Great  reason  have  we  to  be  thankful  that  it  is  not 
in  the  Church  of  England  as  in  some  other  parts  of 
Christendom,  where,  although  the  space  in  God's 
House  is  left  free  and  open  to  all  ranks,  learned  and 
unlearned,  the  Services  are  not  so,  being  shut  up  in 
a  strange  language  ;  and  what  is  worse,  the  very  for- 
giveness of  sin,  as  there  taught  and  understood,  is 
more  open  to  the  rich  than  to  the  poor.  I  mean,  so 
far  as  it  may  depend  on  the  Church's  special  inter- 
cession in  the  Sacrifice  and  Sacrament  of  Holy  Com- 
munion, or,  as  they  usually  call  it,  the  Mass.  For,  as 
is  very  well  known,  such  intercession  in  many  cases  is 
not  to  be  had  without  being  paid  for,  and  of  course,  so 
far,  is  only  for  those  who  can  afford  it.  But  our 
Litanies  and  sacramental  intercessions  are  freely  offered 
for  all  who  ask  them. 

This  privilege  is  common  to  all  English  Churches. 
I  wish  1  could  say  the  same  of  what  I  am  next  going 
to  specify — the  free  use  of  the  Church  itself.  Would 
to  God,  my  brethren,  that  from  every  pulpit  in  the 
land  that  might  be  said  which  one  may  say  here, 
"  Look  around,  and  see  with  your  own  eyes  a  congre- 
gation ordered  on  terms  of  true  Christian  equality:  " 
an  outward  thing  indeed,  and  so  far  a  small  thing  in 
comparison,  yet  a  true  and  precious  token  of  Christ's 
merciful  purpose,  that  in  Him  the  rich  and  the  poor 
should  meet  together. 

For  it  is  not  here  as  in  too  many  English  Churches, 
that  either  for  money  payments,  or  by  supposed  right 
of  ownership,  or  by  evil  custom  imagined  to  be  law, 
or  insisted  on  in  defiance  of  law,  the  holy  ground  is 
parcelled  out,  and  regarded  and  kept  as  if  it  were 
private  property,  to  the  great  loss  both  of  rich  and  poor; 
many  being  in  fact  shut  out  of  God's  House,  and  the 


J7 

precious  faith  and  feeling  of  Christian  brotherhood 
sadl}^  diminished  and  dimmed  among  those  who  are 
still  found  there.  Here,  my  brethren,  it  is  not  so  : 
here,  by  God's  good  providence,  you  see  a  Church 
truly,  really,  entirely  free  ;  taking  away  in  this  parish 
all  the  several  excuses  that  are  made  all  the  country 
over,  of  not  knowing  where  to  sit,  not  being  sure  but 
one's  place  may  be  taken,  or  whether  one  may  not 
have  sat  down  in  some  other  person's  place.  You  see 
a  Church  open  as  the  day,  free  as  the  air,  for  all 
Christians  who  desire  it  to  come  in  and  honour  their 
Saviour  and  hear  His  Word.  All  the  glories  and 
beauties  of  the  building,  the  ornaments,  the  furniture, 
the  Services,  and  all  things  that  are  done  here,  belong  to 
one  as  much  as  to  another  In  one  Service,  to  be  sure, 
that  is,  in  the  Offertory,  the  poor  might  seem  to  have 
the  advantage;  if  we  remember  what  He  to  Whom  we 
offer  said  as  concerning  the  Poor  Widow.  But  it 
rests  with  those  who  have  enough  and  to  spare  to 
obtain  her  blessing,  if  they  have  the  heart  to  do  as 
she  did.  Will  you  not  think  of  her  to-day  ?  and  will 
not  the  thought  make  a  difference  in  your  offerings  ? 
For  surely  He  is  looking  down  to  see  how  we  cast  our 
gifts  into  this  treasury.  I  grieve  to  say  that  in  one 
respect  the  call  on  you  is  stronger  than  might  have 
been  wished ;  since  the  regular  offerings  here,  I  under- 
stand, fall  far  short  of  the  sum  required  for  the 
work.  Here  then  is  a  good  opportunity  for  the  richer 
sort  to  do  something  towards  equalizing  their  privi- 
leges with  those  of  their  poorest  brethren,  by  giving 
"to  their  power,  yea,  and  beyond  their  power,'  '^  for 
the  maintenance  of  this  rare  testimony  to  the  perfect 
freedom  of  the  Church  and  the  Gospel. 

Saving   then   this   one   advantage,    which    in    all 

*  2  Cor.  vi.i.  3. 


18 

Christian  Churches  the  poor  cannot  but  have  over 
the  rich,  there  is  here,  my  brethren,  absolutely  no 
difference  among  you,  but  what  you  make  yourselves 
by  the  minds  and  tempers  and  habits  you  bring  with 
you  into  Church  ;  by  your  behaviour  here,  and  your 
life  and  conversation  every  where. 

No  difference  but  that  one  :  but  then,  my  brethren, 
consider  well  what  and  how  great  a  difference  that 
one  is.  Consider  that  all  which  God's  good  provi- 
dence allows  to  be  done,  here  or  in  any  other  place,  in 
the  way  of  making  His  Gospel  free  to  all,  is  so  much 
added  both  to  your  responsibility  and  ours.  We,  the 
Clergy,  are  so  much  the  more  inexcusable  if  we  do 
not,  in  heart  and  endeavour  at  least,  do  our  very  best 
to  convert  and  perfect  you  :  and  have  not  you  also  the 
more  to  answer  f(>r,  if  you  go  on  refusing  to  be  con- 
verted and  perfected  ? 

Some  of  you  may  recollect  the  story  of  a  great 
heathen  king,  when  from  his  throne  on  a  high  place 
he  looked  round  upon  the  hundreds  of  thousands  who 
followed  him  ;  how  he  burst  into  tears  at  the  thought 
that  in  so  many  years'  time  not  one  of  them  would 
be  alive.  But  that  thouo-ht  was  nothing;,  nothing;  at 
all,  to  compare  with  what  a  Christian  might  well  feel 
on  looking  around  him  in  such  a  Church  as  this ;  a 
Christian  Minister  especially,  looking  down  on  such 
a  congregation.  "Alas!"  (such  an  one  ma}^  well 
say  in  his  heart,)  "  who  shall  live  when  God's  justice 
shall  separate  those  whom  His  mercy  hath  thus  brought 
together  ?  \A'hen  the  poor  heathen  who  lived  and 
died  in  the  slavery  of  their  original  sin  shall  put  to 
shame  thousands  of  us,  who  had  free  Churches  to  go 
to,  open  Bibles,  Sacraments  unpaid  for.  Pastors  with 
whom  to  advise  in  sickness  and  in  health  :  and  where 
are  the  fruits  of  it  all  ? 

The  very  plenteousness  of  the  means  of  grace  is  to 


19 

some,  we  know,  a  sort  of  temptation,  an  occasion  and 
excuse  for  spiritual  sloth.  They  seem  to  have  their 
Lord  always  within  their  reach,  and  so  they  are  bold 
to  trifle  with  Him,  and  put  Him  off  to  a  more  con- 
venient season :  as  we  not  seldom  find  that  persons, 
who  have  lived  all  their  lives  long  close  to  some  won- 
derful sight,  some  object  of  universal  interest,  have 
never  gone  to  see  it  themselves,  upon  this  very  ground, 
that  the}'-  might  do  so  whenever  they  pleased. 

May  the  Almighty  God  preserve  us  all  from  such 
profane  negligence  in  regard  of  the  inward  and  spiritual 
glories  of  His  Gospel,  that  "  great  sight "  which  He 
3-e«erves  for  pure  consciences  and  obedient  hearts ; 
through  the  grace,  mercy,  and  loving  kindness  of  our 
Lord  Jesus  Christ  :  to  Whom  with  the  Father  and 
the  Holy  Ghost,  Three  Persons,  One  God,  be 
honour  and  glory,  worship  and  thanksgiving,  love  and 
obedience,  now  and  for  evermore.    Amen. 


0 


i^'y^