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978.8
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1349228
GENEAL-CGV COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 1833 01100 1721
3,.::.u
AND (JOLOllADO (lA/KTTEKll.
THOMAS H. BEOWN'S
MANVFACTrKER OF
Gentlemen's Road and Family
Is iittractiug great attention in New York and elsewlierc.
44 .A^iiams Street,
^e
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Weill' pstiil |i?cliarge liilitniitor
This Amalgamator is capable of treating a ton or more at a chiu-gc, and is i>r<)-
vided with an
ADJUSTABLE MOTION.
l)y which its speed may be increased to any desired rate wJtile i/riiidinf/, and rciliu-i-d
to a verj' slow motion tvhile floiving off.
It is also provided with an
ADJUSTABLE CENTRAL DISCHARGE,
by which the flowing off can be so skillfully managed that the loss of mercury
and amalgamated gold is almost entirely j>revented.
These important features make it by far the most valuable and successful amal-
gamator in use, and a single trial will convince any competent person of its suite
I'iority over all others. Address
Agent I'helps' Process,
Box 395. ' CHICAGO, ILL.
ielps^ Amttmaile i#li Wmm
This simple and valuable invention supplies a long felt want, and will be
endorsed at once by practical men as an invaluabi.k improvement on the pres<nt
method of panning out by hand.
Any person can, with this machine, do the work of ten men with the ordinary-
gold pan, and so perfectly can the supply of water and the dhscharge be regulated,
that fifty pounds of pulp or concentrated tailings may be washed down to a few
ounces in less time than would be required to wash out a single panful by hand.
This obviates the necessity of so close a concentration from the amalgamator —
au operation usually attended with considerable loss of mercury and gold, and
hence its use gives better results than can possibly be obtained on a large scale
without it.
Address
Agent Phelps' Process,
Box 39S. CHICAGO, ILL.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
tip
the:
^1 cJk Jk I^I^I^i^ikB* #1
CONSISTING OF AN OXIDIZING FURNACE, A CENTRAL
DISCHARGE AMALGAMATOR AND AN AUTO-
MATIC GOLD PAN.
The Least Expensive and Most Successful Gold Saving
Process in the World.
JRA M PHELPS, JOHN BURTON & M. VEALE, Assignees.
M. VEALE & THOS. BURTON, Agents,
PHELPS' OXIDIZING FURNACE
Is designed especially for treating all those refractory gold and silver bearing sul-
phurets, except those containing a considerable portion of galena.
It is claimed for this wonderful invention that it possesses the following advan-
tages over all others of its kind in use:
First — It will receive and transmit a far greater quantity of air than any other
furnace, without carrj'ing any of the gold out, by force of the draft current.
Second — It compels the thorough admixture of the "oxidizing currents" with
the ore, thus supplying more available oxygen, in a less quantity of air, than any
other furnace.
Thi7-d— The ore is admitted into the oxidizing flue 40 feet from the fire-box,
where the temperature is comparatively low, and is gradually heated as the quan-
tity of sulphur diminishes.
Fourth— The ore is kept constantly in motion by its own gravity, thereby
avoiding the expense of labor and the carelessness of oi^eratives.
Fifth — The ore distributes itself over the terraced floor of the furnace in the
thinnest possible stratum, so that each particle is acted upon independently and
"slagging" entirely prevented.
iSix^/i— Sufficient time is secured to effect the perfect desulphurization and
oxidation of the largest particle admitted into the furnace.
Seventh— The sulphur is made to furnish its own fuel to a great extent, only a
small quantity of wood being required to complete the oxidation of the base
metals.
Fic/hih—So simple and perfect is it in its plan and mechanism that one man
can attend it, treating a ton an hour with a degree of perfection never yet attained
by any other means. Address
1^. "VE.i^IjE!,
P, O. Box SOS.
CHICAGO, ILL.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Manufacturer of Fire and Burglar Proof
Vaults, Doors and Dwelling House Safes
SARGENT & GREENLEAF'S BANK LOCKS,
60 and 62 South Canal Street,
Tlioy are so constructed that the bolts of the doors shut behind a wrought iron frame, which fornix
tlie front of the Safe, avoiding all danger of their being forced open by falling. Owing to tlie peculiiir
construction of the door jamb, they will resist the action of fire for a longer time than luvs thus far been
found necessary for perfect safety.
THET HAVE BEEN TESTED IX THE EAItGEST FIRES IN THIS COVNTIiY
■Without a single failure to preserve their contents.
S®"- Prices LO"WER than any other reliable Safe. °^a
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
m^i
P:
.1 JLLI
THE GREAT CENTRAL IOWA ROUTE
TO THIEI IB^^STI
BETWEEN
OMAHA, COUJ^CIL BLUFFS Sf CHICAGO
Des Moines and Roolc Island.
This route is newly equipped with ELEGANT NEW COACHP'.S ami
PALACE SLEEPING CARS,
"Which rnn over a thoroughly ballasted road-bod, laid witli heavy new vail, with
braced joints.
TRAINS LEAVE COUNCIL BLUFFS DAILY, AS FOLLOWS:
Arrive at Chicago 6.00 A. M.
Arrive at Chicago 4.15 P. .AI.
S.OO A.M., daily, (Sundays excepted)..
.•..•2U P.M., daily .".
Trains leave in connection with trains arriving from the AVest. Both trains are
EXPRESS TRAINS,
«g-AND CONNECT AT CHICAGO AVITH FAST TRAINS FOR THE EAST.-^fe^
THIS LINE IS OVER
lOO MILES SHORTER to CHICAGO than via ST. JOE
And the only road running through the CAPITAL OF lOAVA.
THROUGH TICItETS,
Via this line to all principal points EAST and SOUTH, for sale at the COMPANY'S
TICKET OFFICE, in
Corner of Planter's House, DENVER,
In Georgetown, Central Citj- and Denver, Colorado.
A. M. SMITH, H. RIDDLE,
Gcn'l Pass. Agt., Chicago. Qen'l Stipt., Chicago.
Li. VI£L£, General Freight Agent, Chicago
S. S. STEVENS.
Gen'l Agt., Council Bliifld
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
GENTIiZSiaXSN'S
i§m
m
im^m^M'M'r
•^^^''' ^■<w;-'-\.^
A SPECIALTY.
We import the largest stock of fine woolens for men's
wear in America. We make them to measure in the most
thorou'gh, artistic style, at the LOWEST PRICES possi-
ble for the article furnished.
American Livery Artistically Furnished.
eniBT© W® MHAPWBH
Extra Durable and Perfect in Pit.
W
Tailor, Draper and Importer of Fine Woolens
for Men's Wear,
S and ^ Washington St.,
CHICAGO, - - - ILLINOIS.
Clergymen, 6 per cent, discount.
Established in Chicago in 1851.
THE
Rocky Mouniain Directory^
AND
For iSyiy
Comprising a brief history of Colorado, and a condensed but comprehensive
account of her Mining, Agricultural, Commercial and Manufactur-
ing Interests, Climatology, Inhabitants, Advantages and
Industries, together with a complete and accurate
DIRECTORY
Denver, Golden City, Black Hawk, Central City, Nevada, Idaho, Georgetown,
Boulder, Greeley, Colorado City, Pueblo, Trinidad, Etc.
^ir%t Qbht af j^ttbluaiian.
S. S. "WALIilHAN & COMPANY,
COMPILEKS AND PUBLISHERS
DENVER.
This gradual and continuous progress of the European races
towards the Rocky Mountains, has the solemnity of a providential
event. It is like a deluge of men rising unabatedly, and daily
driven onward by the hand of God.
De Tocqueville.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year of our Lord 1870, by
S. S. WALLIHAN & COMPANY,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
HOUNDS & KANE,
Printers, Binders, and Electrotjpers,
CHICAGO, ILL.
TO OUR PATRONS.
The unlooked-for delay in the publication of this work, as well as some
^ material changes in its contents from what was originally designed, require
•0 brief explanation. Our best apology for the delay is the size, superior
.^ of typographical execution, style of binding and finish, and the extra value
\ the contents of the GtAZETTEEr. However, the time necessarily consumed
■^j in collecting the amount we present of historical, statistical and directory
matter must be considerable, and no publishing house, however extensive
^4 and complete, can do hurriedly this style of printing, electrotyping and
V, binding. Besides, a large amount of the proof of copy had to be sent to
I the senior editor, at Denver, for correction, which of course caused much
waste of time, which has been farther increased by the serious illness of the
^ junior editor, who superintended the publication of the work in Chicago.
fs: We trust these brief explanations, in connection with the superiority of our
* work, will be considered suitable excuse for apparent delay.
About the changes in character of contents, we have been compelled to
1^ omit all biographical matter and many personal sketches concerning the
*sf earlier settlers of the country, for lack of space. The historical, geo-
i graphical, geological and directory matter, together with a description of
J mines and mining, have taken up so much space that none remains for
less important though perhaps more interesting subjects. In our next
issue we will make ample provisions for what we are compelled to omit in
this. For your great liberality in aiding in our arduous enterprise, which
we trust will largely benefit our favored country, you have our hearty and
sincere thanks.
S. S. WALLIHAN,
T. 0. BIGNEY,
Editors and Publishers.
INTRODUCTORY,
Colorado is just now attracting a more general and earnest attention
than any other section of the new West.
Colonies are flocking to her borders.
Railways are girdling the continent with iron tram-ways, in the race to
tap her coffers.
Her agricultural and pastoral possibilities are unlimited.
Her mineral wealth is exhaustless and incalculable.
Her manufacturing facilities are scarcely inferior to those of factory-
fostering New England.
Her climate is delightful. Invalids here find a bahn for their hurts,
and healing for their disease-smitten souls.
Poets, artists and tourists grow enthusiastic over the magnificence of her
natural scenery.
While these facts are daily becoming more widely appreciated, no satis-
factory and sufficiently practical Guide Book, or Gazetteer, giving detailed
and reliable information concerning the resources and advantages of this
interesting and rapidly developing region, has yet been published.
We have no other apology to offer for the appearance of this book.
While no pains have been spared to make the work complete and accu-
rate, some mistakes will inevitably occur in the first, which will be corrected
in future issues.
The Directory portion is as complete as it is possible to make such a
work in a country so sparsely inhabited. Doubtless, some names will have
been omitted ; others will be incorrect in orthography, on account of the
impossibility of making a second canvass to correct the unavoidable errors
of the first.
Those who have so generously aided us, during the progress of the work,
will be ever gratefully remembered. The few who have opposed and hin-
dered our enterprise, are already forgotten by
The Publishers.
CONTENTS.
GENERAL DIVISIONS.
Introduction, etc. — General History — Mines and Mining —
Observations — Description of Cities and Towns, with Gen-
eral and Business Directories and Advertisements — Chicago
Business Directory and Advertisements — Appendix.
Introduction, Etc 1-16
GENERAL HISTORY.
Discovery and Earliest Settlement 17-23
Forms op Government Previous to Territorial Organi-
zation 23-29
geography.
Introduction 29, 30
Rocky Mountains , 30,31
Foot-hills 31
Other ranges 32,33
Parks 33-35
Plains 35, 36
Rivers 36-39
counties.
Arapahoe 39,40
Boulder 40-42
Clear Creek 42-45
Gilpin 45-47
Park 47-50
Summit 50,51
Jefferson 52, 53
Douglas 54, 55
Lake , 55-57
Fremont 57
Huerfano 57
Costilla 57,58
VI CONTENTS.
Conejos 58
Saguache 58, 59
Bent 59
Greenwood 59
Pueblo 59-61
Las Animas 61
Dick Irwin on Southern Colorado 61-62
Larimer 63
Weld 63,64
County Seats — Population — Acres in Cultivation — Total Valuation
of Property in Counties 64
GEOtOGY.
Introductory 65
First Division — Plains to the Base of the Foot-hills 65-83
Second Division — Foot-hills, the Main Range and Its Spurs, and
South Park 84-89
Third Division — Mountains, Valleys and Parks West of the Range 89-97
Fossil Insects Discovered in the Territory 97-100
List of Metals and Minerals 100-103
CLIMATOLOGY.
General Remarks 1 03-105
Colorado as a Resort for Invalids 105-111
Inhabitants 111-113
Agriculture 113, 114
railroads.
Denver Pacific Railway 115, 116
Union Pacific Railroad 116-119
Kansas Pacific Railway 119-121
Denver and Boulder Valley Railroad 121, 122
Colorado Central Railroad 123
Denver and Rio Grande Railway 123, 124
Southern Overland Mail and Express Company 124,125
Wagon Roads 125-127
Telegraph Lines 128
colonies.
Introductory 128, 129
Union 129-131
German 131
Chicago-Colorado 131, 132
Southwestern 132, 133
CONTENTS. vii
RELIGIOUS.
Introductory 133 134
Episcopal Church 134. 135
Methodist Church 135-138
Catholic Church 138, 139
Presbyterian Church I39 140
Public Schools 140, 141
societies.
Miners' and Mechanics' Institute, Central 141, 142
St. James Library Association, Central 142 143
Territorial Library 143, I44
Colorado Agricultural Society 144, 145
Boulder County Agricultural Society 145
Ford Park Association 145, 146
Turners 146, 174
Masonic 147-149
Odd Fellows 149
Good Templars 149, 150
O. A. R 150
Other Societies 150
Military Posts , 150
MINES AND MINING.
Introduction 151, 152
Discovery op Gold 152-156
Discovery of Silver 156,157
Prospecting 158, 159
practical mining.
General Remarks 159
Lode Mining 159-169
Gulch and Placer Mining 169-172
DESCRIPTION OP MINES.
Introductory 173
Lodes of Gilpin County, alphabetically arranged 174-185
Lodes of Clear Creek County, alphabetically arranged 186-207
Lodes of Boulder County, alphabetically arranged 208-213
Lodes of Summit County, alphabetically arranged 214, 215
Lodes of Lake County, alphabetically arranged 216
MISCELLANEOUS MINES.
Introductory 217-221
Description of Miscellaneous Mines 222, 223
Viii CONTENTS.
CHARACTER, TREATMENT AND VALUE OF ORES.
Character of Ores 226, 227
Treatment of Gold Ores 227-233
Description of Stamp Mills, Gilpin County 233-235
Clear Creek 235
Treatment of Silver Ores 236, 237
Reduction Works 237, 238
Concentration of Ores. 239,240
Other Reduction Works 240
Value of Ores 240-243
Swindling and Unsuccessful Mining Operations 244-247
OBSERVATIONS.
Scenery 248,249
To Immigrants and Colonists 250-252
To Tourists 252
First Impressions not Always Correct 253, 254
Purity of Atmosphere 254
Territorial 254-256
HISTORY OF CITIES, WITH DIRECTORIES, ETC.
Denver, History of 257-261
Denver General Directory 261-300
Denver Business Directory 300-31 8
Golden. History of 319-321
Golden General Directory 321-328
Golden Business Directory 328-332
Black Hawk, History of 332-835
Black Hawk General Directory 335-340
Black Hawk Business Directory 340-343
Central, History of 343-345
Central General Directory 345-356
Central Business Directory 356-360
Nevada, History of. 360
Nevada General Directory 361-365
Nevada Business Directory 365-367
Idaho Springs, History of. 367-372
Idaho Springs Directory 372-375
Georgetown, History of. 375-377
Georgetown General Directory 377-383
Georgetown Business Directory 383-386
Boulder, History of. 386
Boulder Directory 387-390
Greeley, History of 390
Greeley Directory 390-394
Burlington, History of 394
Burlington Directory 394-396
Valmont, History of 396
CONTENTS.
IX
Valmont Directory 3gg
Trinidad, History of. 397 393
Trinidad Directory 399-403
Pueblo, History of. 4O4
Pueblo General Directory 404-408
Pueblo Business Directory 409 410
Kit Carson, History and Directory 4X1
Colorado City, History of. 412
Colorado City Business Directory 4I3
Grand Island District 4I4 415
Caribou City 415' 416
Keysport 416
Haddairi 4I7
Chicago Business Notices 418-431
APPENDIX.
Gilpin County 432,433
Clear Creek County 433
Arapahoe County 433, 434
Boulder County 434,435
The Press 435,436
Mountain Ranches 436,437
Tunnels 437,438
0. K. Silver Lode 438
Pueblo 438
Pike's Peak 438
Mines and Mining 439
"Old Sulphurets" 439
Errata 440-442
LIST OF ADVERTISERS
DENVER.
Armstrong & McClaskey, Saddles, Harness, etc.
Ballin Charles, Dry and Millinery Goods.
Bailey Joseph L., Proprietor Corral and Stock Yard.
Bender L., Proprietor Denver Soap Works.
Belden & Powers, Attorneys at Law.
Bennett P., Attorney at Law.
Broadwell House.
Brooks Orson, General Insurance Agent.
Brinker Isaac & Co., Wholesale and retail Grocers.
Brunswick S., Jewelry.
Browne, Harrison & Putnam, Attorneys at Law.
Bucklin & Clark, Staple and Fancy Groceries.
Burton H., Boston Shoe Store.
Byers W. N., Notary Public.
Camp Z. M., Proprietor Gale's Patent Peanut and Coffee Roaster.
Camelleri Nick, Proprietor Denver Pacific Dining Rooms.
Carr S. H., Proprietor jMammoth Corral and Carr House.
California Powder Works.
Cheesman W. S., Wholesale and Retail Druggists.
Chain & McCartney, Stationers, etc.
Chamberlain W. G., Denver Photograph Rooms.
Chalfant, Cox & Co., Hosiery, Notions, etc.
Cone A. T. Mrs., Hair Goods, etc.
Cowell W., Groceries, Wines and Liquors.
Colorado Central Railroad.
Cornforth B., Wholesale Grocer.
Colorado National Bank.
Colorado Stage Company.
Crater & Cobb, Real Estate, Insurance and General Agents.
Crater David W., Attorney at Law.
Cramer & Nyce, Contractors and Builders.
Daugherty E., Marble Works.
Daniels & Eckhart, Wholesale and Retail Dry Goods and Carpets.
Denver Brewing Company.
Denver Woolen Manufacturing Company.
Denver Transfer Line.
Denver City Dining Rooms, George T. Breed, Proprietor.
Denver Theatre, J. S. Langrishe, Proprietor. ,
LIST OF ADVERTISERS. xi
Denver Pacific Railway.
Denver Dollar Store.
Denver Tribune.
Dietsch & Brother, Proprietors New York Store.
Douglas J. W., Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Queensware, etc.
Doolittle J. K., Dry Goods. Hats, Caps, Boots, Shoes, etc.
Duhem & Brother, Art Gallery.
Fawcett Richard, Civil Engineer and Surveyor.
Farrar A. & Co., Agents Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machines.
Fink John P. & Co., Wholesale and Retail Boots and Shoes.
First National Bank of Denver.
Ford House.
France & Rogers, Attorneys at Law.
Freund & Brother, Sportsmen's Depot.
Geary R. H., Fresh Meat and Game.
Gill & Cass, Real Estate Brokers.
Grant S. A., Wholesale and Retail Booksellers and Stationers.
Greenleaf & Co., Cigars, Tobacco, etc.
Green H. R., Sash, Doors, Blinds, etc.
Hallack E. F., Lumber, Sash, Doors, etc.
Hauck C. C, Watchmaker and Jeweler.
Hatten House.
Hartman C. R., Livery, Feed and Sale Stable.
Hamilton H. H. & Co., Music Dealers.
Hannibal & St. Joe Railroad.
Hense & Gottesleben, Wholesale and Retail Jewelers.
Horner J. W., Attorney at Law.
Horner J. W., & Co., Real Estate Brokers.
Hussey Warren, Banker.
Ingols A. B., Jeweler and Dealer in Clocks and Silverware.
Jackson James W., Proprietor Denver Foundry and Machine Shop.
Jones John S., Pork Packing House and Dealer in Coal, Grain, etc.
Johnson B. F. & Co., Real Estate and Insurance Agents.
Johnson C, Boots Shoes and Rubber Goods.
Kansas & Pacific Railway.
Kassler G. W. & Co., Wholesale and Retail Tobacco, Cigars, etc., and
Stationery.
Kassler & Cram, Insurance Agents.
Kansas City Fire and Marine Insurance Company.
Kenyon Joseph, Wholesale and Retail Wines, Liquors, etc.
Kerr H. W., Wholesale and Retail Tobacco, Cigars, etc.
Knowlton & Dickey, Queensware and China.
Lee & McMullin, Farm Implements.
Levy W. W., Wholesale and Retail Wines, Cigars and Tobacco.
Leach C. C, Sign and Carriage Painter.
Lennon John A. & Son, Merchant Tailors.
Livingston & Schram, Hardware, Stoves, etc.
Leubbers Henry A., Civil Engineer and Architect.
Mayer George & Co., Stoves, Tinware, etc.
Matthews & Reser, Real Estate and Loan Agents.
Maguire & Brother, Upholsterers, Cabinet Makers and Undertakers.
XU LIST OF ADVERTISERS.
Marix-Mayer M., M. D.
Merriman Brothers, Sewing Machine and Safe Agents.
Melvin House.
Michael H. W. & Co., Wholesale and Retail Hardware.
Miller J. A. & Co., Forwarding and Commission Merchants.
Missouri Life Insurance Company.
Mowbray R. C, Dentist.
Myers William, Wagons and Farm Implements.
McCormic & Shallcross, Pharmacy.
McKnight, Green & Co., Key Stone Iron Works.
McPhee C D., Carpenter and Builder.
McClure Alvin, Wholesale and Retail Paints, Oils, Varnish, Glass, etc.
Nathan S., Wholesale and Retail Dry Goods and Clothing.
Nye Forwarding and Commission Company. "^
Osgood W. T., Whol. and Retail Hats, Caps, Gents' Furnishing Goods.
Parkhurst Brewery.
People's Restaurant.
Peabody D. G., Clothing and Dry Goods, Buggies and Carriages.
Pooler C E., Wholesale and Retail Foreign and Domestic Fruits.
Potter Charles, Billiard Hall.
Piitz Madame Eugenie, Milliner and Dressmaker.
Reithmann & Co., Wholesale and Retail Druggists.
Reichard & Winne, General Insurance Agents.
Richards James W. k Co-, City Transfer.
Richardson W., Boston Cracker Manufactory.
Riethmann L. D. & Co., Groceries, Wines, Liquors and Produce.
Rosenbloom I;, Merchant Tailor.
Roberts & James, Hardware, etc.
Rogers & Smedley, Dentists.
Rocky Mountain News.
Rocky Mountain Herald.
Salomon Brothers, Wholesale and Retail Grocers.
Sanderlin E. J., Bath House and Barber Shop.
Sayre Alfred, Attorney at Law.
Sargent & Trimble, Commission Merchants.
Schrader & Co., Eating House and Saloon.
Schleier George C, Real Estate Agent and Notary Public.
Schuler J., Confectioner.
Slaughter Wm. M., Attorney at Law.
Smith & Doll, Furniture.
Smith Alex., Wholesale and Retail Groceries and Provisions.
Southwestern Colony.
Spencer & Marchant, Harness, Saddles, etc.
Sprague & Webb, Groceries, Provisions and Fruits.
Stanton Fred. J., Surveyor, Draftsman and Law Claim Agent.
St. Mary's Academy.
Strickler & Mahar, Auction and Commission Merchants.
Stevenson Mary Mrs., Cigars, Tobacco, etc.
Steinhauer & Walbrach, Wholesale and Retail Druggists.
Tayler C. M., Wholesale and Retail Grocers.*
Taylor F. C, Proprietor Highland Nursery. "
LIST OF ADVERTISERS. xiu
Tappan & Co., Wholesale and Retail Hardware and Agricultural Imple-
ments.
Thompson W. C, Proprietor Clifton Boarding House.
Tritch Geo., Wholesale and Retail Shelf Hardware, Woodenware, etc.
Townsend M. H., Notary Public and Commissioner of Deeds.
Trounstine Phil., Proprietor "0. K." Clothing Store.
Tremont House.
Thayer H. L., Publisher Thayer's Map.
Tynon James, Hides and Wool.
Union Pacific Railroad.
Wallihan S. S., Agent Northwestern Life Insurance and Publisher
Rocky Mountain Directory.
Walker Wm. S., Wholesale Wines, Liquors and Cigars.
Wanless George P., Insurance Agent.
Washington House.
Whitsitt R. E. Real Estate Agent.
Witter Hiram, Real Estate Dealer.
Witter Daniel, Attorney at Law.
Woeber A. & Co., Carriage Manufactory.
Woolworth, Moffatt & Clarke, Wholesale and Retail Stationery
Zell's Encyclopedia, L. E. Brooks, Agent.
CENTRAL.
Barclay & Co., Contractors and Builders.
Burlingame E. E., Assayer.
Burrell James, Notary Public.
Butler Hugh, Attorney at Law.
Central Register, Collier & Hall, Proprietors.
Chaffee Jerome B. <fc Co., Bankers.
Charpiot J., French Restaurant.
Colorado Herald, Thos. J. Campbell, Proprietor.
Connor House, C Wentworth, Proprietor.
Cremer N., Billiard Hall.
Day John, Gunsmith.
Dupont Powder Co., Foster Nichols, Agent.
Fink John P. & Co., Boots and Shoes.
Freas L. M., Groceries and Provisions.
Giddings E. J., Insurance Agent.
Hazard Powder Co., J. 0. Raynolds, Agent.
Jones William, Proprietor Billiard Hall and Saloon.
Kennedy W. R., attorney at Law.
National Hotel, R. B. Smock, Proprietor.
Pitts J. W. Brewer.
Post C. C, Attorney at Law.
Rocky Mountain National Bank.
Sessler & Seaur, Wholesale Grocers.
Shultz A. Von, Assayer.
Smith J. Alden, Assayer.
Thatcher, Standley & Co., Bankers.
The "Pharmacy," John ]3est, Proprietor.
Xiv LIST OF ADVERTISERS.
GEORGETO-WN.
Barton House, Wm. Barton, Proprietor.
Bailey & Nott, Livery, Sale and Feed Stable.
Burdsal C W., General Merchants, Lower Greorgetown.
Chaffee Jerome B. & Co., Bankers.
Colorado Miner, A. W. Barnard, Proprietor.
Curtis A. F., Hardware, Tinware and Stationery.
Doyle House, Dan. Doyle, Proprietor.
Fish C. K,., Notary Public and Druggist.
Fillius Brothers, Groceries, Provisions, etc.
Freas L. M., Groceries, Provisions, etc.
Guard Brothers, Butchers.
Harrington H. G., Notary Public and Conveyancer.
Heywood & Co., Boots, Shoes, Hosiery, etc.
Johnson Albert, Civil and Mining Engineer.
Marshall E. G., Cigars and Tobacco.
3IcCoy House, J. 3IcCoy, Proprietor.
Mills J. K., Groceries and Provisions.
Moor Chas. H., Analytical Chemist.
Pollard Chas. W., Hardware, Groceries and Provisions.
Smith James & Bro., Boots, Shoes and Hosiery.
Spruance & Love, General Merchants.
Townsend C 0., Barber and Hair Dresser.
Wood & Cree, Cigars, Tobacco and Stationery.
BLACK HAW^K.
Black Hawk Billiard Hall and Saloon, Charles Stienle, Proprietor.
Boston Cracker Factory and Bakery, A. G. Rhoades, Proprietor.
Hughes Ed. E., Meat Market.
Kelly Thomas, Groceries and Provisions.
McLaughlin William, Harness and Saddles.
Mountain House, P. B. Wright, Proprietor.
Orahood & Nesmith, Druggists.
Rudolph C. G., Watches, Clocks and Jewelry.
Seiwell Ed. A., Druggist.
St. Charles Hotel, James H. Sutherland, Proprietor.
St. Charles Livery Stable. Wm. Germain, Proprietor.
Star Hair Dressing and Shaving Saloon, F. R. Walden, Proprietor.
Vosburg H., Fruit Dealer.
Walden F. R., Hair Dresser, etc.
Warner & Scobey, Wines and Liquors.
PUEBLO.
Barndollar Ferd. & Co., Forwarding and Commission Merchants, etc.
Colorado Chieftain, Lambert & Co., Proprietors.
Cooper Brothers, Hardware.
Hyde & Kretschmer, Blacksmiths and Wagonmakers.
Peabody & Jordan, Dry Goods, etc.
Thatcher Brothers & Co., Dry Goods, etc.
Thatcher Brothers, Bankers.
Thatcher J. A. & M. D., Dry Goods, Wholesale and Retail.
LIST OF ADVERTISERS.
XV
IDAHO SPRINGS.
Beebee House, F. W. Beebee, Proprietor.
Cowell & Patten, General Merchants.
Fall River House, Austin & Easley, Proprietors, Spanish Bar.
Faivre Dennis, General Merchants.
Mammoth Bath House, J. H. Phillips, Proprietor.
Montague H., Proprietor Ocean Bath House.
Springs' House, John N. Harden, Proprietor.
Theobold Peter, General Merchant.
Warner J. H., Proprietor Billiard Hall.
BOULDER CITY.
Boulder House, G. C. Squires, Proprietor.
Colorado House, E. Pound, Proprietor.
Mackey A. J., Broker.
Red Rock Mills, S. Douty, Proprietor.
Sommers Wilhelm, Meat and Vegetables.
Squires F. A., Dry Goods, Groceries, etc.
Westlake W. B., Wines, Liquors and Cigars.
NEVADA.
Haskins Henry, Hotel.
Haswell W. H., Drugs and Medicines.
Keystone Meat Market, J. W. Grow, Proprietor.
Ratliflf J. W., Notary Public.
Shanstrom J. A. & P. G., Butchers, etc.
Vietor & Gunther, Union Bakery, and Groceries and Provisions.
GOLDEN.
Carter T. J. & Co., Bankers.
Colorado Transcript, Geo. West, Editor and Proprietor.
Chicago Hall, Wines and Liquors, C. H. Judkins, Proprietor.
Doolittle Thos. S., Livery Stable.
Golden House, Chas. S. Abbott, Proprietor.
Rock Flouring Mills, 0. F. Barber, Proprietor.
TRINIDAD.
Baird & Boyles, Attorneys at Law.
Barraclough H. A,, General Merchandise.
Davis & Sherman, Groceries, etc.
Prowers & Hough, General Merchandise.
Wooten R. L., Jr., General Merchandise.
United States Hotel, W. G. Rifenburg, Proprietor.
BURLINGTON.
Beekwith & Co., Produce, etc.
Burlington House, J. M. Smith, Proprietor.
City Hotel, Mrs. Mary A. Allen.
Newman E. B. Blacksmith.
Streeter & Turrell, Drugs and Groceries.
OMAHA, NEB.
First National Bank.
Omaha Smelting Works.
XVI
LIST OF ADVERTISERS.
ST. LOUIS.
St. Nicholas Hotel, E. Jennings, Proprietor.
St. Louis and Peoria Plow Co., St. Louis and Kansas City.
St. Louis Novelty Works.
Indianapolis & St. Louis Railroad.
CHICAGO-COLORADO COLONY-LONGMONT.
Gillette M. Gr., Hardware and Agricultural Implements.
Terry & Bliss, Lumberman.
COLORADO CITY.
Gehrung Emile, Groceries and Drugs.
GREELEY.
Plumb Ovid, Farmers' Exchange.
VALMONT.
Peters A. W., Physician and Surgeon.
FAIR PLAY.
Janes A. N., General Merchant.
SANTA FE, N. M.
Neio Mexican, Manderfield & Tucker, Proprietors.
NEW YORK.
Rowell Geo. P. & Co., Advertisino; Aj'ents.
CHICAGO.
Atkins & Burgess, Steam Engines, etc.
Austin & Boyington, Patent Machine-
Made Rope Molding.
Avery, Murphy & Co., Lumber, Lath, etc.
Batchelder J. B., Photographic Materials.
Banks W. H., Hay and Cotton Press.
Babcock Fire Extinguisher.
Boyington k Son, Jewelry.
Bowen, Hunt & Winslow, Dry Goods.
Bradley & Banks, Agricultural Impl'ts.
Brunswick J. M. & Bro.; Billiard Tables.
Brunswick E., Billiard Tables, etc.
Chicago & Alton Railroad.
Chicago, Burlington (i Quincy Railroad.
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad.
Chicago Gold and Silver Quartz Reduc-
ing and Separating Co.
Chicago Vise and Tool Co., Tools, etc.
Chicago Iron Works, Letz & Co.
Crane Bros., Foundry and Iron Works.
Eaton Collins, agt. Ames' Steam Engine.
Eagle Works Manufacturing Co.
Ely Edward, Draper and Tailor.
Gents' Furnishing Goods.
Esmay, Simmons & Co., Whol. Liquors.
Foster Thos., Lumber, Lath and Shingles.
Furst & Bradley, Mnfrs. of Plows, etc.
Forsman J. A., Mill Furnishing.
Gardner J. E., Artificial Legs and Arms.
Garden City Mnfg. and Supply Co.
Government Goods' Depot.
Goss & Phillips' Mnfg. Co., Sash, Doors,
Blinds, etc.
Harris S. H., Safes.
Hatch, Holbrook & Co., Hardwood Lum-
ber, etc.
Heeney & Campbell, Lumber, Doors, etc.
Hearson & Payn, Hand Rails, Stairs, etc.
Hubbard G. & Co., Ship Chandlers, etc.
Illinois Central Railroad.
Kane Geo. B. & Co., Printing Inks.
Mariner G. A., Assayer.
Meyer C. J. L., Sash, Doors, Blinds, etc.
Nevada House.
Noye Wm. F., Mill Furnisher.
Novelty Carriage Works, T. H. Brown.
Palmer, Fuller & Co., Doors, Sash, etc.
Phelps, Veale & Co., Miners' Tools.
Porter H. B., Annunciators, etc.
Pittsburgh & Fort Wayne Railroad.
Republic Life Insurance Co.
Piounds & Kane, Book and Job Printers.
Savage & Bro., Engine Builders, etc.
Schell H. A., Paper Boxes.
Schultz Henry, Paper Boxes.
Tansill R. W., Cigars.
Thomas G. G., Ivory Goods.
Western Bank Note and Engraving Co.
Western Star Metal Co., Brass Foundry.
Williams Charles R., Gen. Agt. Rocky
Mountain Directory and Colobado
Gazetteer.
GENERAL HISTORY.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST SETTLEMENT.
The first explorers of that portion of the North American continent
now embraced within the boundaries of Colorado Territory, were undoubt-
edly Spaniards and Mexicans — adventurers from New Spain. The first well
authenticated account of the discovery of the mountain ranges, plateaus,
streams, valleys and plains that form the diversified physical features of thi;:^
vast Territory, Ls the record of Vasques Coranada, a Spanish military cap-
tain. The expeditioB which he commanded was fitted out at the capital of
Sinaloa, a province of New Spain, by order of Viceroy Mendoca, the repre-
sentative of the Spanish crown in New Spain, now Mexico, and was com-
posed of over 300 Spaniards and 800 Indians. They were well armed and
equipped, and commenced their explorations early in the year 1540.
From Sinaloa, this expedition proceeded northward to the base of the
mountains — through canons to the source of the Gila — crossing mountains
to the Rio del Norte, and up this stream to San Luis valley. From thence,
they made their way over the Sangre de Cristo pass, to the great plains, in
what is now Southern Colorado, and thence northward along the base of the
mountains, and often far up their deep canons, until a point about the 40th
north parallel of latitude was reached. These adventurers had to contend
with all the usual difficulties that surround such enterprises in a wild country,
traversed by innumerable streams and towering mountain ranges, and in
many places infested with hostile savages. After months of fatiguing
marches, attended with unusual danger and hardships, they were compelled
to return to New Spain without accomplishing the object of their explora-
tion— the discovery of gold. They had, however, passed over some of the
richest deposits of gold in the known world, and explored a region unsur-
passed in fertility of soil, and beauty and grandeur of scenery — all of which
is now within the boundaries of Colorado.
The report of Coranada was published, and is now filed away in the
archives of Old Spain, and perhaps has a place in some American libraries,
but we have not been able to procure a copy, and give this sketch from a
verbal statement given us by a pioneer of the Territory. Traditions of this
expedition are related by many of the old settlers of New Mexico and Colo-
rado, who also talk of the exploration of Mexican padres, who proceeded as
far northward as the Missouri river, which they described as a dead, slug-
gish river, with muddy waters, not fordable. Tradition further asserts that
2
18 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
these Mexicans were more successful than Coranada, and actually discovered
gold in considerable quantities; formed settlements, and built towns; but
were eventually unable to withstand the continued assaults of hostile Indians,
and abandoned the country. There is some show of truth in these legends,
as there is un((uestionable evidence, in the southern portion of the Territory
especially, of the existence, at no very remote period, of inhabitants more
learned in the arts of civilization, than aboriginal races. There is also evi-
dence that placer diggings had been carried on in the Territory long before
the discovery of gold in 1858. This may, however, have been the work of
Indians, though it is the belief of the earlier settlers that the Mexicans or
Spanish took out gold from Spanish Bar, on Clear creek, long before the
arrival of Jackson and his party in 1859.
The failure of the Coranada expedition seems to have discouraged the
Spanish government, and we have no further accounts of authorized explora-
tions from New Spain proceeding any further north than the Rio del Norte.
This Territory was, at that time, supposed by the Spanish crown to be a por-
tion of its North American possessions, but no boundaries were established, or
any rightful claim maintained. The first record we have of this vast region
being embraced in any particular province, is the claim established by the
French colony of Louisiana, early in 1600. The vast region, which formerly
comprised this dependency of France, was bounded on the north and east
by the British North American possessions and Atlantic ocean, and on the
south and west by the Gulf of Mexico, New Spain and California. Actu-
ally, the first discovery of this region was made by the Spanish, in its extreme
western portion, as Coranada's expedition preceeded Ferdinand De Soto's, but
usually the discovery of Louisiana is attributed to De Soto, who traversed a
portion of the valley of the 3Iississippi in 15-41. These vast and fertile
regions were more fully explored by Col. Wood in 165-4, and visited by
Capt. Bolt in 1670, and M. de-la-Salle in 1682. The first settlers were
French colonists, who located upon the banks of the lower Mississippi and
Red rivers, and on the Gulf of Mexico. In November, 1762, France ceded
to Spain, then in her zenith of wealth, power and prosperity, this extensive
province. The measure was strongly opposed by the French colonists, and
Spain did not obtain full possession until the 17th of August, 1769. The
French population of Louisiana galled under the yoke of Spanish authority,
and never rested until they regained their allegiance to the French, which
was effected October 1, 1800. But Louisiana did not long remain a French
province. By treaty and purchase, during the presidency of Thomas Jeffer-
son, the 3d day of April, 1803, the United States became the rightful pos-
sessor of this rich and almost unbounded colony, and soon took measures to
develop its unrivalled resources, and establish authority and government in
due form over a vast extent of country, heretofore controlled, in the main,
by savage Indian tribes. During the years which passed while France and
Spain possessed Louisiana, but little was known of the middle and western
part of the province, and the vast plains had not been crossed by any white
adventurer who has left any record of his discoveries. As soon as United
States authority was fully established, attention was directed to the vast
extent of country between the Mississippi and Red rivers, and the discovery
of the source of these rivers, and the Missouri and Arkansas, in the great
mountains west of the plains, was determined upon by the authorities at
Washinjrton.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 19
The first expedition equipped by the War Department, under orders
from Gen. James Wilkinson, commander-in-chief of the ai-my, for the pur-
pose of exploring the comparatiYely unknown regions beyond the oreat
plains, and the sources of the Arkansas and Red rivers, was commanded by
Zebulon M. Pike, then a lieutenant in the United States army, but who, after
his return from this expedition, was promoted to the rank of Major, as a
reward for the skillful and daring manner in which his explorations were
conducted. Major Pike was assisted by Lieut. James B. Wilkinson and
Dr. J. Robinson. His party, composed of twenty-three men and officers,
left Bellefontaine, July 15, 1806; and after many adventures, reached the
Arkansas at a point near the mouth of the Pawnee Fork, on the 27th day
of October, 1806. From this place, he detached from his small command,
Lieut. Wilkinson and five men, to make a reconnoisance to the mouth of the
Arkansas, which was accomplished successfully. With the remainder of his
command, Maj. Pike continued his journey in search of the source of the Ar-
kansas and the great mountains that form the western boundary of the plains.
The first view of the mountains was obtained on the loth of November,
1806. We quote from Maj. Pike's diary, of that date: '-At two o'clock
in the afternoon, I thought I could distinguish a mountain to our right,
which appeared like a small blue cloud. Viewed it with the spy-glass, and
■was still more confirmed in my conjecture, yet only communicated it to Dr.
Robinson, who was in front with me; but in half an hour, they appeared in
full view before us. When our small party arrived on the hill, they with
one accord gave three cheers for the Mexican mountain."
Near the point from which the mountains were first discovered on the
Greenhorn river, a tributary of the Arkansas, (at that time named St.
Charles by Maj. Pike), a small fort was constructed, and a portion of the
party left for its defense. With the remainder, Maj. Pike proceeded in a
northwesterly direction toward the Grand Peak, now named Pike's Peak,
in honor of its first American discoverer. From the same diary, November
17, 1806, we make the following extract, which will be readily understood
by all Colorado tourists: "Marched at our usual hour, pushed with an idea
of arriving at the mountains; but found at night no visible diflFerence in
their appearance from what we did yesterday."
From the same, November 25, we quote: "Marched early, with expec-
tation of ascending the mountain, but was only able to camp at its base,
after passing over many small hills, covered with cedars and pitch pines."
Maj. Pike writes, on the 27th of November: "Arose hungry and dry, and
extremely sore, from the inequality of the rocks on which we had lain all
night, but were amply compensated for the toil by the sublimity of the pros-
pect below. The unbounded prairie was overhung with clouds, which
appeared like the ocean in a storm — wave piled on wave, and foaming, while
the sky was perfectly clear where we were. Commenced our march up the
mountain, and in about one hour arrived at the summit of this chain. Here
we found snow middle deep; no sign of beast or birds inhabiting the region.
The thermometer, which stood at nine degrees above zero at the foot of ^he
mountains, here fell to four below. The summit of the Grand Peak, which
was entirely bare of vegetation, and covered with snow, now appeared at the
distance of fifteen or sixteen miles from us, and as high again as what we
had ascended, and would have taken a whole day's march to arrive at its
base, where, I believe, no human being could have ascended to its pinnacle."
20 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
On the 3d of December, Maj. Pike continues: "Dr. Robinson and
myself went out and took the altitude of the north mountain, (now Pike's
Peak,) on the base of a mile. The perpendicular height of the mountain,
from the level of the prairie, was 10,581 feet, and admitting the prairie was
8,000 feet from the level of the sea, it would make the elevation of this
peak 18.581 feet." He adds, "This mountain was so remarkable as to be
known to all the savage nations for hundreds of miles around, and to be
spoken of with admiration by the Spaniards of New Mexico, and was the
bounds of their travels northwest."
Maj. Pike's measurement of the altitude of the peak has since been
proven incorrect, being too high by over 3,000 feet, but no overestimate can
be made of the importance of his discovery, which first attracted attention
to these remarkable regions, now known to be extremely rich in mineral
deposits and agricultural resources, and already the home of over 60,000
prosperous people. The first name very appropriately given to this country,
after the discovery of gold, Wiis the "Pike's Peak gold regions." To this
bold explorer, Maj. Zebulon Pike, whom no dangers or hardships could deter
from the rigid discharge of duty, or vigorous prosecution of his explorations,
the citizens of Colorado are indebted for the discovery of their rich and
beautiful Territory, and should award all honor.
After failing in his attempts to ascend the Grand Peak, Maj. Pike and
his party returned to the plains, and continued their explorations in a north-
westerly direction, along the base of the mountains. The ascent of one of
northwestern tributaries of the Arkansas to its source, brought the party to
the "Divide." which was crossed, when a stream, forty yards in width, flow-
ing northeast, was discovered, (December 13). This was, without doubt,
the south fork of the Platte. After fording this stream, the journey north-
westward was continued over plains, across mountains, and through deep
canons, until the 18th of December, when another river was discovered,
twenty-five yards in width, which "ran with great rapidity, and was filled
with rocks." This, Maj. Pike first supposed to be the Red river, the source
of which was the object of their continued search — but afterward acknowl-
edged his mistake, and pronunced and mapped it the Pierre Jaunor, the
Yellow Stone of to-day, a branch of the Missouri.
This river has since been considered by Col. Fremont and others, not the
Yellow Stone, but the Grand river (near its source), a tributary of the Great
Colorado, which empties its vast accumulation of waters into the Gulf of
California. According to this theory, Maj. Pike has the honor of being
the first American explorer who discovered the head waters of this famous
river, and the second that crossed the main range that crowns the Atlantic
and Pacific slopes of the continent.
Being now fully convinced that the object so diligently sought for, the
source of the Red River of Louisiana, must be further south, their course
was shaped accordingly. The suff"ering of the party at this time was extreme.
They were in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, in mid-winter, without
warm clothing or blankets — the latter had been cut up to make stockings
to protect their feet as much as possible. Still the search was continued
southward until the Rio del Norte was reached, and Maj. Pike found
himself and party Spanish prisoners.
This brief account of the portion of these explorations which refer to
parts of the country traveled over, that are now within the boundaries of
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 21
Colorado, shows that nearly its entire extent, north and south, was traveled,
without meeting any evidence of the existence of regular settlements of
civilized beings. No hunters or trappers — these pioneers of all wild coun-
tries— were met within the limits of the country which now embraces our
Territory, and probably nothing human, except the wild Indian, existed in
all these regions, now populous and prosperous.
The next expedition, sent west of the plains by the United States gov-
ernment, was fitted out under orders from John C. Calhoun, Secretary of
War, and started from Pittsburgh, Pa., in April, 1819. This was com-
manded by Col. S. H. Long, assisted by Maj. Biddle, Lieut. J. D. Graham,
Cadet W. H. Swift, Dr. Baldwin, Dr. Thomas Say, and others. This expe-
dition traveled westward as far as the Blue river, a tributary of the Kansas,
where their horses were stolen by the Pawnees, and they were compelled to
go into winter quarters. During the winter. Col. Long returned to Wash-
ington and completed arrangements for the further equipment of his party,
and on the 6th of June, 1820, again set out for the Rocky Mountains.
They first struck the Platte about forty miles south from where Fort Kear-
ney is now located, and followed its south fork to where it escapes from the
Rocky Mountains.
Col. Long's first view of the mountains was from near St. Train's fort,
and the peak which he first witnessed, towering above the clouds, was named
Long's Peak, by which it is still known. The party did not ascend the
peak, but from estimated measurement, pronounced it higher than Pike's
Peak, which has not been established by correct survey. By this expedi-
tion, a careful examination was made of the mountains, and the portions of
the plains that lie along their base from the South Platte to the Arkansas,
all of which is now within the limits of Colorado. Dr. James, of this party,
and two men, made the ascent of the Grand Peak, described by Pike, and
were, without doubt, the first Americans, if not the first human beings, who
ever stood upon the summit of this famous mountain. This party named
the peak James' Peak, in honor of Dr. James, and Col. Long describes it
under this name in his published narrative of the expedition ; but when
Col. Fremont visited the country in 18-12, he found that the white settlers
had called it Pike's Peak, and so styles it in his very interesting account of
explorations on the plains, in the Rocky Mountains, and on the western
slopes of the continent and California. Dr. James' ambition to have a
mountain peak named after him, has been gratified, however, and a very
respectable peak, in Boulder county, now bears his name. Col. Long and
his party have furnished names for three mountain peaks. Long's, Graham's,
and James', and for one mineral spring. Bell's Springs, near the Arkansas,
in southern Colorado.
Capt. B. L. E. Bonneville, of the United States army, in 1832, com-
manded an expedition fitted out by the American Fur Company, which
made very thorough explorations in the Rocky Mountains, but mostly in
portions of these either north or south of Colorado. The incidents of these
explorations form the subject of a most interesting work, written by Wash-
ington Irving, and published by Carey, Lea & Blanchard, Philadephia, in
1837, under the title of "The Rocky Mountains j or, scenes, incidents and
adventures in the far West; digested from a journal by Capt. B. L. E.
Bonneville, and illustrated from various other sources."
Capt. Bonneville claims to have been the first man who proved that the
22 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
head waters of the great rivers, that flow east and west from the Rocky
Mountains, had their origin very nearly together in the Sierra Madres, which
has not been disputed.
To Col. Fremont was entrusted the command of the next important
expedition organized by the United States authorities for explorations across
the vast plains, and over the Rocky Mountains to the the Pacific coast, by a
route which lay through the territory now within the limits of Colorado.
This expedition, by far the most complete and eiFective ever organized up to
that date by the United States for these purposes, commenced explorations
in 1842, which were completed in 1844. Col. Fremont's party, in 1842, was
composed of about twenty-three men, well armed, and provided with all
necessary equipments. Chas. Pruess was assistant-topographical engineer, and
the celebrated scout, Kit Carson, guide. They left Chouteau's landing, on
the Missouri river, (near the mouth of the Kansas), on the 10th day of June,
and after many adventures, which are most graphically described by Col.
Fremont in his interesting narrative of the expedition, arrived on the south
fork of the Platte, at a point about forty miles from Fort Kearney, early in
July. From here, Col. Fremont dispatched the larger portion of his party
to Fort Laramie, and with the balance proceeded up the South Platte.
Their first view of Long's Peak was obtained on the 8th of July, when
they were about sixty miles from the base of the mountain. The party con-
tinued their journey up the valley of the Platte as far as St. Train's Fort, a
trading post and stronghold occupied by St. Vrain and his company, seven-
teen miles east from Long's Peak, and about 100 miles north from Pike's Peak,
on the right bank of the river. According to Col. Fremont's calculations,
the longitude of this post is 105° 12' 12" west, and its latitude 40° 22' 30"
north; its altitude 5.400 feet above sea level. St. Vrain and his company
were engaged in trapping and Indian trading exclusively. Besides this
company. Col. Fremont met near this place a party of independent trappers,
mostly New Englanders; Chabonard, a Frenchman, in the employ of Bent
and St. Vrain, and his followers, and one Spaniard, which were all the white
inhabitants of the region. The Spaniard was the first of that nation met
west of the Missouri. As Col. Fremont was anxious to push his explora-
tions further north in the Rocky Mountains, and to join his party at Fort
Laramie, he traveled no further southward at this time, but left St. Vrain's
on the 12th of July. Journeying north, he crossed the *Big Thompson,
Cache-a-la-Poudre, and Crow creeks, and passed along the base of the Black
Hills to Fort Laramie, a post of the American Fur Company. From thifi
point. Col. Fremont's explorations were continued in a direction which led
him far north of the limits of our Territory, and we will not follow him.
At this time the Indian tribes on the plains were very hostile and trouble-
some, even to a party of troops numbering forty persons, well armed and
equipped, and often caused delay to the largest parties of emigrants on their
way to California.
Col. Fremont's next expedition, which traversed a much larger portion
of our Territory, was fitted out at Kansas, Mo., (now Kansas City), and
numbered thirty-nine persons. 3Ir. Charles Pruess, the topographical engi-
neer of the first expedition, was still one of the party, and its appointments
* The names of these branches of the Platte were given to them by the officers of
the American Fur Company, and trappers, and have .since been adopted by the United
States authorities.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 23
were in every way complete. Early ia July, 1843, this party reached St.
Vraiu's fort. From thence they proceeded southward to the "Divide," an
elevation of the plains, which separates the waters of the Platte and Arkan-
sas; across this to the Arkansas, and arrived at the celebrated Soda Springs,
near the base of Pike's Peak, on the 17th of July. After carefully exam-
ining these springs, and exploring the surrounding mountains and valleys,
they returned to St. Vrain's fort, and journeyed from thence up the Caehe-
aJa-Poudre, to the base of Long's Peak, and across the main range of the
Rocky Mountains, to the head waters of the Colorado. After further explo-
rations, westward and southward, they recrossed the main range, near the
base of Mount Lincoln, and made their way through South Park to the
Arkansas, and from thence eastward to the States. Space forbids our pub-
lishing any of the details of these most important explorations, which were
conducted with consummate skill and untiring energy. Col. Fremont's most
interesting narrative, and accompanying maps, have attracted much atten-
tion to this remarkable region, and contain excellent and accurate descrip-
tions of the country traveled over. They should be read by every person
interested in Colorado. A re^nme of our brief sketch of the discovery and
earliest settlement of the Territory, will show that there were no white
settlers in the country in 1843, except a ^a-^ independent trappers, traders
and adventurers, and the employes of the American Fur Company; and
that besides these, the only inhabitants were a small number of Pueblos, or
civilized Indians and Mexicans, in the southern portion, and bands of
savages, who roamed the plains. These latter were mostly Pawnees, Chey-
enes, Arapahoes and Utes. It will be seen, also, that none of these discov-
erers, explorers or settlers, who were in the country at this time, had any
knowledge of the existence of precious metals beneath the soil or rocks they
traveled over. Colorado did not commence to make history until the dis-
covery of gold.
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT PREVIOUS TO TERRITORIAL
ORGANIZATION.
If there were inhabitants in the territory, now embraced by the bound-
aries of Colorado previous to the organization of the province of Louisiana,
they were, undoubtedly, governed by the authorities of New Spain. After
the boundaries of Louisiana were defined, they would, of course, become
citizens of that extensive province, and be, first, subject to French authority,
then Spanish, again French, and finally, United States. When Louisiana
was divided into States and Territories, this portion became a part of the
Territory, and afterward State, of Kansas. Before the United Statesbecame
possessors of the country, we have no records of any settlements or inhabit-
ants except in the southern portion, where a few Pueblos, Mexicans and
Spaniards had possession ; but they considered themselves, and really were,
Mexican subjects, and were governed accordingly. After the United States
obtained possession, and, previous to th« discovery of gold in 1858, the only
24 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
American settlers were Indian traders, hunters and trappers, mostly under
control of the American Fur Company, and, of course, acknowledging the
authority of the United States government, but having no representation ia
any State or Territorial legislature, nor did they care for an}-. Their num-
bers were inconsiderable, and but little is known of them in any way. The
Fur Company enforced their regulations inside of their posts and forts by
semi-military authority, and, outside of these, every man was his own law-
maker, and enforced his enactments with the rifle or revolver. These
pioneers were bold, adventurous men, wedded to the dangers and excite-
ments of border life (as well as to Indian wives), and, as civilization
intrudes, they move southward and westward, to regions yet but little
known. In brief, the only recognized authorities in what is now Colorado,,
after its possession by the United States^ previous to the discovery of gold,
were the American Fur Company, and United States military, and these
controlled only within the limits of forts, posts, or camps. After the dis-
covery of gold, in 1858, and the great influx of inhabitants that immediately
followed this important event, the necessity of proper representation in halls
of legislation, and the enactment of local laws, were apparent. The first
movement toward accomplishing these worthy objects, was effected by
defining the boundaries of a county named Arapahoe, with Auraria as its
county seat; the next measure, the election of a representative to the Kan-
sas legislature and a delegate to Congress, This election was held in
Auraria, on the 6th day of November, 1858, and resulted in the choice of
A. J. Smith as representative and H. J. Graham as delegate. The delegate
proceeded to Washington at once, with instructions to do all in his power to
prevail upon Congress to separate the Pike's Peak gold regions from the
State of Kansas, and form thereof a new Territory, Mr. Graham was not
successful in his mission; but, no doubt, bis eftbrts did a good part toward
paving the way to its accomplishment in 1861. During the winter of 1858,
the citizens of Auraria, St. Charles, and such other settlements as were then
on the plains near them, governed themselves by local laws enacted by the
"people" of each settlement. The execution of these laws was entrusted
to a probate judge, and other officials, who nominally represented the
authority of the State of Kansas, but, really, that of the "people's courts,"
which have, since that time, occasionally been compelled to exercise authority
when other recognized powers have been unable to guard the public peace
and safety. When this court dictates, in Colorado, every body and every thing
obeys. In the spring of 1859, the discovery of gold in the mountains
attracted immense emigration, and miners thronged the mountain slopes,
gulches and valleys along Clear creek. For the government of this popula-
tion, congregated in these wilds from all portions of the world, rigid laws
were required; and, though the authority of the State of Kansas was
represented here, also, by oflicials elected by the citizens and commissioned
by the State, this was found inadequate to enforce laws and secure public
safety. Stronger power than that emanating from a distant State capital
was required; and this was found in miners' courts, and that superior court,
a miners' meeting.
The miners' courts were organized at a general meeting of the inhabitants
of a district, who enacted a code of laws, criminal and civil ; defined the
boundaries of the district; prescribed the duties of officers, and elected these
officers for the following year. The laws difiered in some minor points ia
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 25
each district, but were all nearly alike, as they were based upon similar
enactments in California and Nevada, and framed by miners from these older
mining countries. The oflBcers of the court were : A president, judge, sheriff
or constable, and a collector, surveyor and recorder, who was, ex-ojficio,
secretary and treasurer of the district. Each had his special duties defined,
and all were amenable to the miners' meetings, which were the superior courts
of the districts. These laws presented many extremely primitive features, and
were entirely free from the technicalities that retard the wheels of justice in
ordinary courts of law. No "circumlocution office" delays followed the de-
cisions of the miners' courts, and but little legal lore was required in those who
argued points of law before the august judge of a mining district. The fol-
lowing extracts from the laws of the miners' court of Spanish Bar district, in
I860, will illustrate these conclusions. From the Criminal Code, section first,
we quote: "Any person guilty of willful murder, upon conviction thereof,
shall be hung by the neck until he is dead." Section second : "Any person
guilty of manslaughter, or homicide, shall be punished as a jury of twelve
men may direct." Section third: "Any person shooting or threatening to
shoot another, using or threatening to use any deadly weapons, except in
self-defence, shall be fined a sum not less than fifty nor more than five hun-
dred dollars, and receive, in addition, as many stripes, on his bare back, as a
jury of six men may direct, and be banished from the district." Section
fourth : " Any person found guilty of petit larceny shall be fined in a sum
double the amount stolen, and such other punishment as a jury of six men
may direct." Section fifth : " Any person found guilty of grand larceny
shall be fined in a sum double the amount stolen, and receive not less than
fifty nor more than three hundred lashes, on his bare back, and be banished
from the district, and such other punishment as a j ury of six men may direct."
Not much chance for legal quibbling or evasion is apparent in these con-
cise rules of action. One prominent feature, plain to every one who reads
these laws, and perfectly well understood in the mining districts, is the pro-
vision which enacts measures certain to rid the community of the offender,
at once and permanently. In the first two sections, the manner by which
the violator of the law is gotten out of the district, is quite clearly defined —
he left for "that country from whose bourne," etc., rather suddenly, from
the end of a rope with a noose affixed. A rigid enforcement of the third
section, which always followed, sent him away with a lacerated back and slim
purse, and such other doses of Colorado justice as the ingenuity of miners
might suggest — in all, quite sufficient to last a life-time, without repetition.
One wise provision of these laws, which always legalized hanging, if deemed
necessary, was that "such other punishment" clause, that usually had a coil
of rope in connection with its enforcement.
Many of the sections of the civil code were Equally as pointed and con-
cise. For instance, section twenty-three defines what constitutes citizenship,
in the following unmistakable language: "Any person owning a claim, or
working or living in this district, shall be entitled to a vote^and all the
rights of citizenship." No distinction of sex or color in these Colorado
laws, which were in force years before the ratification of the fifteenth
amendment. Sturdy miners were the pioneers in the great progressive
movement which has resulted in giving equal rights to all men, and ahead
of all the world in the reform so much desired by the Cady Stantons and
Anthonys of to-day — female suffrage. The sorosis societies and clubs of
26 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
New York, New England, and elsewhere, should adopt resolutions of grate-,
ful acknowledgment to the pioneer miners of Colorado for the prompt
manner in which they admitted women to all the rights of citizenship.
Their preemption and other laws, which defined what constituted a lode
discovery and regulated the extent of each claim on the lode, and explained
what formed regular ownership or legal title to the same; which also defined
the extent and legal boundaries of mill sites, and water-powers, and giilch
and placer claims, and regulated sales and transfers of property of all kinds,
were primitive, and, perhaps, imperfect in regard to legal forms and techni-
calities, but were executed promptly — and all proceedings under these have
been already approved by enactments of Territoral legislatures and United
States Congress.
Besides exercising the authorities of criminal, district, and probate courts,
the officers of the miners' courts were, ex-oj/icio, county, village, and city
officials, and discharged all duties usually entrusted to these. Records of
preemptions, mining claims, and transfers of property, were duly filed at the
recorder's office, in books open for the inspection of all ; the recorder, beside
keeping these records, acting as surveyor for the district, secretary of miners'
meetings, and treasurer of the district. The president presided at miners'
meetings and at courts, when the judge was in any way interested in the case
at issue. He also signed all orders on the treasury, and appointed officers
of the district to fill vacancies. The judge presided at the courts, and per-
formed the duties of the president in his absence. The duties of the sherifi"
were similar to those performed by the same official in regularly organized
counties, such as the execution of all criminal penalties, service of official
papers, attachment of property on execution, sales of such, and the due
regulation of all courts. The collector performed the usual duties assigned
to such officials; and all gave bonds for the faithful discharge of their
respective duties. The laws were administered with promptness and fairness
as a rule, by the officers of these courts, and their enactments have since been
legalized by the General Government. Much litigation may result from the
imperfect manner in which mining claims were defined in those early days;
but, as yet, the old landmarks are respected, and old titles, however imper-
fectly made out, are considered good and sufficient guarantee of ownership.
The first miners' court in the Territory was organized in the mountains
in Gregory district (now in Gilpin county), which was the first mining district
organized after the discovery of a gold lode by Gregory, in honor of whom
it was named.
About this time (early in 1859) the discovery of many rich lodes and
gulch claims, and the remarkable increase of the mining population, neces-
sitated the organization of other districts, which followed rapidly. The
boundaries of these were established at a general meeting of the miners of
the districts, convened in Central City, Gilpin county, in Feburary, 1860,
the same as they exist to-day.
The failure of the delegate to Congress to efifect any Territorial form
of government, the remoteness of the capital of Kansas, and the entire
absence of United States officers of any kind, in the Pike's Peak gold
region, which had already a population of over 20,000, made it apparent to
all that some prompt measures should be taken by which a regular form of
government should be established. Political matters were freely discussed
by all classes, and the citizens of Arapahoe county, then the only county
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 27
organized in the region, convened at a general mass meeting in Denver, in
April, 1859, to take measures to effect the desired object. After much dLs-
cussion, this meeting adjourned until the first day of August, 1859, after
having decided that the adjourned meeting should be composed of delegates
elected by the people.
These were duly elected, and at the time specified, 128 met at Denver.
There were two prominent parties in the convention; one favoring a Terri-
torial form of government; the other, that the Pike's Peak gold region be
admitted at once as a State, under similar enactments to those that admitted
California. The former were in the majority, and decided to memorialize
Congress for a Territorial form of government, and submit their proceedings
to the people for confirmation. In accordance with this, an election was
held on the 4th of September, 1859, at which the proceedings of the con-
vention were ratified, and a delegate elected to visit Washington, and effect,
if possible, the desired organization, in accordance with resolution adopted
by the convention of August 1. Beverdy D. Williams was chosen for this
important mission, and succeeded in so representing matters to Congress,
that a Territorial organization was authorized by act of Congress; approved
February 26, 1861.
During the pending of these measures, the minority of the August con-
vention, and many other citizens, decided upon a provisional government,
and placed their proposition before the people. Pursuant to this measui'e,
representatives were elected from all parts of the country, and a session of
legislature was held in Denver during the months of xS ovember and Decem-
ber, 1859, and January, 1860. The following were the ofiicers of this
legislative body of questionable legality: James A. Gray, speaker of the
house; Eli Carter, president of the council, pro tern., and L. W. Bliss,
acting governor. They enacted laws, and passed special acts, which were
duly promulgated, and remained in force until the Territorial government
was inaugurated. Many of these have been confirmed by the regular law-
making authorities that followed in due course, and still make up a portion
of the general laws and special enactments of Colorado. The name for the
country, adopted by the provisional government, was Jefferson Territory,
and its boundaries embraced a much smaller section than that now within
the limits of Colorado Territory. While these parties were agitating seces-
sion frijm the State of Kansas, and the formation of a State or Territorial
form of government, there was yet a third party, a hopeless sort of minority,
who still claimed allegiance to Kansas, and elected representatives to the
legislative body of that State. Nothing was effected by these officials, and
the control of Kansas over the Pike's Peak gold regions was never duly
acknowledged, especially in the mountain mining regions. Among the
special acts of the Jefi'ersonian legislature, we find the following:
An act to charter and consolidate Denver, Auraria and Highland, under
the style and name of Denver. Approved December 3, 1859.
An act to incorporate the Denver Mutual Insurance Company, with the
following corporators: K. B. Bradford, D. P. Wallingford, Amos Steck, E.
W. Cobb, William Davidson, Jones & Cartright, Hart & Clark, M. D.
Hickman, and H. H. McAfee. Approved December 7, 1859.
To corporate the Golden Gate Town Company, with the following mem-
bers: J. L. Rodgers, Charles Fletcher, T. L. Golden, H. S. Hawley, and
W. G. Preston. Approved December 7, 1859.
28 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
To incorporate a wagon road from Auraria and Denver cities to South
Park, with Samuel Brown, J. H. Cochran and Joseph Brown, as corporators.
Approved December 7, 1859.
To incorporate the Cibola Hydraulic Company, with the following mem-
bers: J. W. Mclntyre, D. C. Vance, A. McPhaeder, D. McClery, and F. B.
Chase. This authorized the company to build a dam across Clear creek,
four miles above Golden City, and dig ditches through which water from
the creek could be brought to Golden City and surrounding country.
Approved December 7, 1859.
An act to incorporate the Boulder City, Gold Hill, and Left Hand Creek
wagon road; granted to T. J. Graham, E. D. Steele, and William Pelltheir.
Approved December 7, 1859.
The Consolidated Ditch Company, which is now well known in Gilpin
county, and supplies water to the extensive mining districts about Nevada
and Central, and the beautiful artificial lake near the latter city, was char-
tered by an act approved December 2, 1859, with the following as charter
members: W. G. Russell, B. F. Chase, J. M. Wood, C. K. Roberts,
Dufrees, A. H. Owens, Henry Allen, W. M. Slaughter, and G. W. Cleve-
land. These names are still as well known in Colorado as is their important
enterprise, and belong to men who have all been prominent actors in events
which have since become a part of the history of the country. This canal
conveys a portion of the waters of Fall river, from a point about twelve
miles from Central City, northwest to the lake above mentioned, and to all
of the mills and mines on both sides of Russell gulch; along the slopes of
Quartz hill, and surrounding gulches and mountains. Its waters have
washed from the sands of these districts millions of dollars of shining gold,
and supplied stamp mills, which have crushed hundreds of thousands of
tons of quartz, yielding fabulous amounts of precious metals.
By these extracts from the special acts of the provisional government, it
will be seen that the earlier citizens of Colorado took prompt measures to
develop, iu due form, their remarkably rich Territory, the results of which
are excellent wagon roads, connecting all important points, and traversing
the entire extent of every inhabited section; substantial bridges, spanning
the principal streams; irrigating canals, supplying water to millions of acres
of fertile soil, and to innumerable mines, mills and reduction works; and
well built towns and cities, with public buildings, store-rooms and private
residences, not surpassed in architectural beauty or capacity by those of
older eastern cities.
A brief resume of this sketch of forms of government previous to Ter-
ritorial organization, shows that but little attention was paid to legislative
matters previous to the discovery of gold, and that the vast extent of
country, now embraced within our limits, was controlled either by military
ofiicers of the Spanish, French or United States governments, or those of
the American Fur Company. The people had no representation iu any
legislative body, and were not much troubled with office seekers, caucuses
or primary meetings. Civil-service reform, retrenchment, or free trade
measures were not discussed by these hunters, traders and trappers, and
but little interest taken in the appointment of internal revenue officers.
Tax collectors, and even postmasters, were unknown. After the discovery
of gold, and the great emigration that followed, political matters were freely
discussed, delegates elected to Congress, and measures inaugurated for the
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 'JO
establishment of a Territorial form of government, which waa secured in
1861. _ 111 the meantime, the emigrants governed themselves by the neonle's
and miners courts, and a provisional government. During this unsettled
condition of governmental affairs, in a country remote from civilization with
a population composed of adventurers from all countries, of course more or
kss lawlessness existed, and acts of violence and bloodshed were not uncom-
mon; but the perpetrators of these crimes were soon dealt summarily with
by the law-abiding citizens, and early in 1860, after a few judicious hang-
mg-s, whippings and banishments had taken place, the population was L
orderly, and life and property as secure as in the old States.
GEOGRAPHY
Colorado embraces, within her limits, the most elevated region in North
America. The ascent to the summit of Mount Lincoln commences at the
Atlantic ocean, on the east; the Pacific ocean, on the west; the Gulf of
Mexico and Isthmus of Darieu, on the south ; and the unexplored regions
of the north pole, on the north. From these remote points, the a^scent,
though often interrupted, is gradual. The elevation reached falls short of
that of the highest peaks of the Andes, in South America, and the towering
summits of the Himalayas, in Asia, but exceeds that of any of the mountain
ranges of Europe.
The portion of the Rocky Mountains known as the Sierra Madres, of
which Mount Lincoln is the lookout tower,forms the most remarkable feature
of the Territory, and of the northern portion of the continent. Other
interesting outlines are the plains — the broad threshold to these vniit
mountain amphitheatres ; the foot-hills, which form the topmost stop of the
stairway, thousands of miles in length, that leads to their grand corridors ;
the parks, which are monster arenas within their walls ; and the great rivers,
that form their system of sewerage.
The location of the Territory is in the western central division of North
America and of the United States; between the thirty-seventh and forty-
first parallels of north latitude, and 102d and 109th meVidians of west longi-
tude. It is bounded, on the north, by Wyoming and Nebraska; on the cast,
by Nebraska and Kansas; on the south, by New Mexico; and on the west,
by Utah. The area embraced forms nearly a square, its greatest length, exst
and west, containing about 106,475 square miles, or 67,420,000 acres — a
greater extent of country than all of Great Britain, with a colony or two
included, and quite as large as New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachu.sett.s,
with New Jersey thrown in for good measure. The plains extend over one-
third of this vast region; the balance is covered by mountain chains, their
valleys, and the great system of parks. About one-third of this va.st area is
good agricultural lands, with soil of unusual strength and fertility ; the larger
portion of the balance, which occupies a location below " timber line." is covered
with dense forest, suitable for lumber or fuel, and traversed by innumerable
30 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
mountain ranges, many of these rent by deep fissure veins, bearing all kinds of
valuable minerals and the precious metals. The principal^ rivers that drain
the middle and western portion of North America, arise within the limits of
this Territory.
THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
The Cordillera de la Sierra Madres of the Spaniards are the principal
mountain ranges of Colorado Territory and North America. The por-
tion of these which traverse the Territory, extend from Fisher's Peak, at the
southern boundary, to the Black Hills, at the northern. From Fisher's Peak,
which attains an elevation of 7,169 feet, the course of the main range is
nearly due north to Pike's Peak ; it then curves south, and west, and again
north, around South Park to Mount Lincoln ; then east, along the northern
boundary of Park county to its centre; then turning to the north, and
keeping that course to the centre of the western limits of Clear Creek
county. From this point, it makes a sharp turn to the west, around the
head waters of Clear creek; then curves north, and again east, along the
northern boundary of Clear Creek county, to its central point; and then.
away northward, to the limits of the Territory and the Black Hills. Follow-
ing the convolutions of the main range, the distance from Fisher's Peak to
the northern boundary of Colorado is over 500 miles; whereas, a direct line
connecting these points is not quite 300 miles in length. The average
breadth of the range, at its base, is about twenty miles. Its summit is
broken and serrated : hence the name, Sierra. The highest elevation
attained is the summit of Mount Lincoln, which, according to the estimate
by Prof. Dubois, the metallurgist of the Stevens Mining Company, is 17,300
feet above sea level. Other principal peaks attaining great elevations are :
Long's Peak, arising from the northern division of the range, 14,056 feet ;
Gray's Peak, south of this, 14,251 feet; Parry's Peak, near this, 13,133
feet; and Pike's Peak, in the southern division, 14,216 feet. The average
elevation of the base of the range is between 5,000 and 6,000 feet, and that
of its summit, between 11,000 and 12,000 feet. The lowest points in the
range — passes through which the wagon roads and trails have been con-
structed— are from 11,200 to 11,487 feet; the former, Ute's Pass,
and the latter, Georgia Pass, from South to Middle Park. The elevations at
which timber ceases to grow — " timber line " — are irregular, being greater on
the eastern than on western slopes, and greater on the peaks than on the
main body of the range. The highest point at which timber grows, on the
eastern slope, is over 11,800 feet; on the western, 11,300 feet; on the peaks,
over 12,000 feet. The region of eternal snows is not continuous in the Rocky
Mountains. In the warm summer months, the snow melts entirely from all
parts of the range, except where great masses have lodged in deep ravines,
near the summit. During the winter months, snows fall to great depths, and
whiten the bald brows of these mountain giants, which, when illumined
by the bright rays of the sun, shine with startling brilliancy, and presci:
features of wondrous beauty. The melting of these snows forms great river-
which do their part toward supplying the greater oceans with unfathome i
waters.
Branching from the main range are innumerable spurs, presenting sim:
lar features to those of the body of the range, and often reachins equ;:
elevations. These form the dividing ridge between the water courses which
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 31
flow from the slopes of the main mountains, and nearly inclose numerous
beautiful valleys and parks. Where these terminate, on the east, the foot-
hills begin. Until timber line is reached, forests, composed of different
varieties of pines, cover the declivities of these mountains, and spread out
over their valleys. Vegetation, including a great variety of grasses peculi-
arly nutritious, and many specimens of flowering plants unusually fragrant
and beautiful, is abundant in the valleys and on the range, even far above-
timber, skirting the everlasting snows. The frosts of winter do not kill
these grasses ; they never decay, but become cured during the winter months,
and are equally as nutritious, and afford equally as good pasture at all seasons.
This is characteristic of all the grasses of Colorado — a feature that makes
the Territory the best grazing region in the world.
The main range and its spurs are the principal homes of the silver
lodes, and have, locked in their granite vaults, untold mineral wealth.
These vaults open only to well-directed labor and enterprise, but reward
these with treasures of great richness. The extent of the belt of silver
mines is unknown, as new explorations always result in new discoveries ;
but at present the only well developed mines are in Boulder, Clear Creek,
Gilpin, Park, and Summit counties, although many lodes that promise
immense yields have been discovered in Lake county, and other locations
along the southern division of the mountain range.
FOOT-HILLS.
Running parallel with the main range, from the Black Hills, on the
north, to the Wet Mountains, on the south, are the foot-hills — a chain of
mountains, serrated, like the principal range, and broken through, at many
points, by the numerous tributaries of the Platte and Arkansas rivers. In
forcing their way through these monster hills, the streams excavate immense
ravines, or gorges, called canons, which present the appearance of huge fis-
sures in the rocky formation of the mountains, extending from their summit
to their base, and are often thousands of feet in depth. Through these the
waters rush with great violence, often carrying before them large boulders,
that become round by attrition with the bed-rocks of the streams. These
are frequently found, along the course of the tributaries of the Platte, con-
siderable distance from the base of the mountains. The foot-hills reach an
elevation of over 10,000 feet, and are from ten to twenty-five miles in width.
Their greatest width is attained in Clear Creek county, and their least, near
the base of Pike's Peak. Like the mountains, they inclose innumerable
valleys, and small parks, covered with forest trees — the different varieties of
pine, larch, and aspen — and other species of vegetation.
The soil of these valleys is of unusual strength and fertility, and pro-
duces the hardier cereals, potatoes, turnips, cabbage, and other vegetables,
abundantly, besides being the best hay-growing ground in the world.
Along the base of these hills, coal mines of vast extent have already
been developed, and iron and, copper ores exist in considerable quantities.
Traversing their slopes and summits, are the most extensive belts of gold
mines ever discovered. These bear immense quantities of ores, of unusual
richness, which have already yielded large sums of gold, and are now sup-
plying wealth to thousands of industrious miners. The belt of developed
mines lies chiefly in Boulder, Gilpin, and the eastern portion of Clear Creek
counties, a full description of which appears in the appropriate chapter.
32 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
OTHER RANGES.
South of the foot-hills, and east of the main range, are the Wet
mountains, which branch out from the range, south of Pike's Peak, and run
in a southeasterly direction, to the Huerfano rivers These forna the north-
ern and eastern walls of Huerfano park.
South of the Wet mountains, and east of the range, between the Huer-
iano and Purgatory rivers, forming the divide between these tributaries of
the Arkansas, are the Spanish peaks, an independent series of mountain
cones, drained by the tributaries of the Arkansas, north, east, and south, and
those of the Rio del Norte on the west.
South of the Purgatory and north of the Cimarron river (a tributary
of the Arkansas river), and forming the water-shed between these rivers, are
the Ratoon mountains, which run nearly east and west, and form the
southern base of Colorado. West of the main range, in the southern
portion of the Territory, are, first, the Sierra San Juan, which form the
western wall of San Luis park. These run nearly north and south j their
northern and eastern limits, the Rio Grande del Norte ; and their -western,
the Sierra la Platta, which also lie south of the Rio Grande del Norte, and
extend westward, from the San Juan range to the southwestern boundary of
the Territory. West of the main range, and north of the above series of
mountain chains, are the Sawatch mountains, which run nearly parallel with
the Sierra Madre, broken by many tributaries of the Gunnison (the principal
southern branch of the Colorado), and often arising to elevations of 11,000
feet above sea level. West of these are the Uncompahgre mountains, which
form the divide between the principal southern branches of the Colorado
and the Rio del Norte, and traverse the southwestern portion of the Terri-
tory, from the Sawatch range, westerly, to the Sierra San Miguel, which lie
between the Gunnison and the Rio del Norte, and extend westward to the
■western boundary of the Territory. They form the extreme southwestern
chain of the series of ranges that extend from the main range, west-
ward, in the southern division of Colorado, to Utah. Northward of these
mountains, and westward from the main range, in the central portion of
the western division of the Territory, are the Elk Head ranges, which
take a westerly direction from the range, until they join the Roan, or Book
mountains, near the western limits of the Territory, between the waters of
the White and Grand rivers. North of the latter chain, in the northwestern
corner of Summit county, are the Sierras Escalante, the last of the sierras
in Western Colorado.
The vast region in the Territory, west of the Rocky Mountains, embracing
an area of over 50,000 square miles (or over 32,000,000 acres), is traversed
in every direction by these mountain chains and their numerous spurs.
Their melted snows supply water to the tributaries of the great Colorado of
the West and the Rio Grande del Norte — two of the greatest rivers on the
American continent. Except the parks and valleys, but little of this vast
extent of country is suitable for agricultural purposes; but fine forests,
afibrding excellent fuel and timber, abound everywhere, except high up on
the mountain summits; and luxurious grasses, and other species of vegeta-
tion, are plentiful, making the greater portion of these millions of acres
excellent pasture lands.
Without doubt, innumerable belts of mines, bearing all kinds of minerals,
traverse the entire extent of these mountain ranges; but, as yet, no explora-
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 33
tious have been made, except in the southeastern corner of Sunmiit count}'.
on the head waters of the Snake and Blue, in a strip of Lake county, along
its eastern boundary, near the base of the main range, and in the mountains
around San Luis park.
The lodes already developed, are rich both in gold and silver, and yield
largely. The gulch claims are amongst the richest in the Territory, and
seem unlimited in extent.
PARKS.
The most remarkable feature of this or any other country, is the park
system of Colorado. The '"parks" constitute immense irregular basins;
shut in on all sides by lofty mountain ranges, and were, at some earlier
period of the geological history of the world, bottoms of great inland
oceans. The surface of these mountain-locked plateaus is diversified by
innumerable streams from the melted snows of the surrounding mountains,
and by the lesser spurs or foot-hills of the ranges. The level or valley
portion of the parks is clothed with luxuriant grasses and flowering plants of
different species, and is extremely fertile. The beds of the streams furnish
every variety of mineral and fossil, in remarkable quantities, and afford a
field for geological explorations, unrivalled in the new or old world. The
streams, which are the head waters of all the great rivers that arise in Col-o-
rado, abound in fish, especially excellent trout.
The hills or ridges which separate these water-courses, are covered with
dense forests of pine, in which game, such as bear, elk, and deer, are abundant.
Mineral springs, whose waters possess rare curative properties, bubble at the
foot of almost every mountain, and salt and coal beds of great extent seem
to underlie the entire surface. Besides these, gold gulch diggings, which
yield good pay, are abundant.
From the summit of Mt. Lincoln, or Gray's Peak, the observer looks
down into these basins, as be would into the parks of a large city, from a
lofty tower. The surrounding mountains are blocks of buildings; their
peaks the steeples and towers of grand old cathedrals, and their valleys the
streets and avenues. These have other features that resemble those of the
pleasure grounds of great cities. Groves of beautiful forest trees, which
shelter rare animals; pools of clear water, alive with uncommon specimens
of the finny tribe, and bearing on their surface swimming birds of unusual
beauty of plumage; and crystal streams, whose margins are bordered by
soft, grassy banks, and quaint grottoes, adorned with mineral crystalizations
■of unusual brilliancy.
The pleasure houses which adorn these parks are different, however,
from those in cities. Instead of fanciful structures, adorned with ornate
architectural designs, these have the lodges of Indian tribes, and cabins of
prospecters and hunters.
The four principal plateaus, which form this great system of parks, are
located in the central portion of the Territory, and occupy the largest part
of a belt running from the sorthern to its southern limits, between the
longitudinal limits 105° 50' on the east, and 106° 30' on the west. Com-
mencing north, the first is the North, the second the Middle, the third South,
and the fourth San Luis park.
The North park is bounded, on the northeast and south, by the main
range and its spurs, and, on the west, by the Rabbit Ears mountains and the
34 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
spurs of the Elk Head range. It embraces an area of about 25,000 square
miles, and is traversed by tributaries of the Morth Fork of the Platte, whick
unite, near its northern limits, and flow northward beyond the northern
border of the Territory. Its elevation is between 8,000 and 9,000 feet
above sea level.
Immediately south of this, and separated from it by spurs of the range, is
Middle park, one of the largest of these elevated plateaus This is walled iu
by spurs of the main range, and the range itself, on the northeast and south,
and on the west by the Elk Head mountains. The streams flowing through
this, mostly in a southwesterly direction, are all tributaries of the Grand —
the main northern branch of the Colorado. Including the slopes of the
ranges that surround it, and their spurs (which often extend far into the
body of the plateau and form divides between its streams), the area embraced
is about sixty-five miles north and south, and forty -five miles east and west;
in all, about 1,900,000 acres. A considerable portion of this will produce the
hardier cereals and vegetables. This park is connected with the plains by
a good wagon road, through Berthoud pass, in the main range, which is
11,349 feet above the sea.
One of the notable features of Middle park is the hot sulphur springs,
on a tributary of the Grand, about twelve miles from the southern boundary.
The waters of these springs possess valuable medicinal properties, and will,
eventually, attract the attention of invalids and tourists. These, with the
beautiful surrounding scenery, abundance of large and small game in the
forests, and speckled trout in the streams in the vicinity, will, eventually,
make this locality a delightful and much-frequented summer resort. The
altitude of this park is about 9.000 feet.
Again southward, but on the eastern side of the main range, is South
park, surrounded, on its northern, western, and southern boundaries, by the
range, and closed in, on the east, by the foot-hills. Embraced within these
rocky barriers is about 1,400,000 square acres, the greater portion of which
is suitable for agricultural purposes, and nearly all excellent pasture lands.
The lofty mountain towers which overlook this vast plateau are. Mount Lincoln
on the northwest, and Pike's Peak on the southeast. The streams, which
are supplied by melting snows from the surrounding mountains, and flow
eastward, through the park, to the plains, and onward to the great oceans, are
tributaries of the South Platte. Valuable salt springs have been discovered,
and their waters condensed into excellent salt by suitable and extensive works,
near the head of the park; and evidences of immense coal beds present
themselves at difierent parts. The highest elevation reached, within the
limits, of this plateau, is 10,000 feet; its average elevation, less than 9,000
feet above tide-water.
The largest of this system of parks, embracing an area quite as exten-
sive as that comprised within the limits of all the above named, is San Luis
park, which lies south of South park, from which it is separated by the
main range. This forms its northern and eastern boundary. Its west limits
are defined by the Sierra San Juan.
,. 7^^ niillions of acres inclosed by these mountains are nearly all extremely
tertile. The altitude of this park, never exceeding 7.000 feet, in connection
with Its southern location, insures it a mild climate, and makes it peculiarly
suitable lor agricultural industries. Already a population of many thousands,
mostly Mexicans, inhabit this delightful region. These are engaged in agri-
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 35
cultural pursuits and stock raising, and have already developed the country
considerably; still San Luis valley has room for, and offers superior induce-
ments to any reasonable number of emigrants who wish to engage in agri-
cultural pursuits. The Hon. William Gilpin, one of the pioneers of this
region — a most enthusiastic admirer and staunch friend of Colorado — owns
1,000,000 of acres in this valley, which he obtained, by purchase, from
parties holding Spani.sh grants; all of which he knows, from actual observa-
tion, to be excellent farming and grazing lands. Gold and silver lodes have
also been discovered in the surrounding mountains, and gulch diggings in
the valley. The Rio Grande del Norte, and its numerous tributaries, flow
through this park in a southerly direction, and afford innumerable water-
powers, and other facilities for vast manufacturing enterprises.
There are scattered through the mountains, west of the range, many
smaller parks, which complete this remarkable system; these present similar
features to those already described. m „r^ ^ ^^
THE PLAINS. -^^''-^->''-'^'0
The geographical division of Colorado, east of the mountains, is called
" the plains." This important division embraces over one-third of the entire
Territory — an area of over 27.000,000 acres — of which, at least, one-fifth is
suitable for agricultural purposes, with the aid of irrigation, and nearly the
entire extent good grazing lands. These plains were formerly considered
desert wastes, covered with arid sands, barren and desolate, and suitable only
for the hunting grounds of savage hordes ; but agriculturists, who followed
in the wake of the gold hunters, have already proven, by actual results, that
the supposed arid sands are surface deposits — washings from the great moun-
tains— carrying soil of unusual fertility and strength, requiring moisture
only to make it exceedingly productive. Irrigating canals already supply
the required moisture to millions of acres, and, literally, " the desert blooms
as a rose."
The surface of these plains is not one continuous level, but a series of
valleys, separated by ridges, and traversed by innumerable water-courses —
actually constituting a system of valleys not unlike the park system of the
mountains, flattened out and spread over a greater extent of territory. They
are the last of the elevated plateaus, that commence with the delta lands of
Louisiana, and terminate at the base of the Sierra Madres, included in which
are the prairies of the Southern and Western States.
The soil of the bottom lands, which border the water courses, is pecul-
iarly productive, without artificial supplies of moisture, and in its primitive
state supports dense vegetation, including a great variety of nutritious grasses,
flowering plants, shrubberies, and cotton-wood forests. The uplands and
ridges between the water-courses, in their natural state, are covered with a
short, crisp drab-colored grass, apparently devoid of all nutritious qualities,
but really affording excellent pasturage, upon which stock fatten readily.
This grass has furnished immense herds of buffalo and elk with abundance
of excellent food for thousands of years, and will eventually supply the same
to countless numbers of horses and cattle. Where herds of buffiilo can find
abundant pasture, an equal number of domestic cattle will fatten. This
fact establishes the future success of Colorado as a stock-raising country.
The formation of the surface of the plains facilitates irrigation, wherever
this is required. From the Sierra Madres to the Missouri river, the whole
36 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
face of the country has an eastward trend. This, in Colorado, is varied as
follows: From the "Divide," south to the Arkansas, the dip is southeast.
From the same, north to the main branch of the South Platte, it is north
and east. From the northern limits of the Territory, to the South Platte,
it is again south and east; and from the Raton mountains, in the south, to
the Arkansas, the trend is northeast. The streams follow these dips, and
as their sources are in elevated regions, and their currents swift, artificial
obstructions turn their waters through suitable channels, to all parts of the
surrounding country, without difficulty; and, already, many millions of acres
are well watered in this manner, which are cultivated and yielding abun-
dantly. In the eastern-central portion of the plains, in Colorado, there is a
considerable extent of territory that cannot be reached by irrigating canals,
without large expenditure, on account of the remoteness of streams. This
difficulty will be overcome, however, by a series of artesian wells, which are
already being sunk by the Kansas Pacific Railway Company,, on their lands,
along their line of railroad through this district.
The most prominent feature in the profile of the plains is the "Divide,"
a main ridge, approached by a series of lesser ridges, which rises to an ele-
vation of 7,500 feet. This separates the waters of the South Platte and
Arkansas, and supplies many of their smaller tributaries. The " Divide "
branches out from the foot-hills, north of Pike's Peak, and gradually slopes
northward, southward, and eastward, until it is lost in the plains. Pine
forests, exceedingly valuable for lumber purposes, cover this elevation, which
is also clothed with the grass and other vegetations peculiar to the region.
At Julesburg, in the northeast corner of the Territory, the elevation of
the plains above tide-water is 3,703 feet; at Denver, 5,317 feet ; along the
base of the foot-hills, from 6,000 to 7,000 feet ; and, at the summit of the
divide, 7,500 feet — making the average elevation of this vast plateau, within
the limits of Colorado, nearly 6,000 feet.
The mineral and agricultural resources, improvements, cities, towns,
geology, climatology, and inhabitants of this region, are fully described
elsewhere.
Previous to the construction of railways the passage of these plains was
attended with much difficulty and danger, from the entire absence of water
for considerable distances, and the attacks of hostile Indians. But all these
are now overcome by the completion of the Union, Denver, and Kansas
Pacific railways, which places the vast resources and advantages of Colorado
within the reach of all mankind.
RIVE lis.
The principal tributaries of the Rio Colorado, Rio Grande del Norte,
Arkansas, Platte, and Smoky Hill and Republican Forks of the Kansas,
make up the river system of Colorado. The principal river that flows east-
ward from the Sierra Madres, is the Arkansas, which arises at the base of
31ount Lincoln, on the western slope of the main range. From thence, its
waters flow in a southeasterly direction, along the base of the range, west
and south of South park, until they break through the range at Canon City.
I he river debouches from its mountain confines through a deep canon, which
gives the name to the above city. From this point it continues its south-
easterly course, across the plains, to the eastern boundarv of the Territory,
onward to the Mississippi. In its various windings through Colorado this
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 37
river traverses a distance of over 500 miles, and, after its exit from the
mountains, is skirted this entire distance by bottom lands, unusually fertile.
No part of this river, in Colorado, is navigable for boats of any size suitable
for transporting passengers or freights. Its chief southern tributaries,
which join it after it leaves the mountains, are, fir^t, the Greenhorn, which
rises in the Wet mountains, and flows easterly until it joins the main river,
a few miles east of Pueblo, and about fifty miles from the base of the moun-
tains ; next, the Huerfano, which receives its water from the western slope
of the Wet mountains and the Huerfano park, and runs, first south, then
east, and, finally, northeast, to the Arkansas. The principal branch of the
Huerfano is the Cochara, which flows from the Spanish peaks, nearly due
north, until it joins the main river about eighteen miles from its confluence
with the Arkansas. The next southern tributary is the Apishpa, taking its
waters from the Spanish peaks, and emptying them into the main river about
midway between Fort Lyon and Pueblo. East and south of the Apishpa is
the Purgatory river, the largest southern tributary of the Arkansas. This
rises from the southern and western declivities of the Spanish peaks and
the northern slopes of the Raton mountains, and flows easterly and north-
easterly, until it joins the Arkansas near Fort Lyon. The principal rivers
that empty into the Arkansas from the north are, first, the Fontain qui
Bouli, which has its source at the northern base of Pike's Peak, near the
foot of South park, from whence it flows, nearly due south, to its con-
fluence with the main river at Pueblo; east of this. Squirrel creek and
the Little Sandy and Big Sandy — all flowing southeastward, from the
"Divide" to the Arkansas — the two latter making their junction near Fort
Lyon.
The eastern slopes of the mountains north of the '-Divide" are drained
by the South Platte and its numerous tributaries. This river rises at the
southwestern base of the main range, at the foot of Mount Lincoln, in the
upper or northwestern corner of South park. While flowing through
the park in a southeasterly direction, it receives numerous smaller streams
from the surrounding ranges and spurs, and where it debouches from the
park about- seventy miles north of the base of Pike's Peak, it is already a
considerable stream of sparkling water. After breaking through the foot-
hills, it changes its course nearly north, and maintains it over 100 miles,
until it receives the waters of the Cache-a-la-Poudre. From this point the
Platte flows in an easterly and northeasterly direction, until it leaves the
Territory at its northeastern corner, near Julesburg.
The principal tributaries which the South Platte receives from the
mountains, all flow eastward, and join this river before its confluence with
the Cache-a-la-Poudre, which also has its source in the mountains north of
Long's Peak. There are, commencing south, the North Fork of the South
Platte, Clear creek — which rises near the base of Gray's Peak, and flows
through the rich mining districts of Clear Creek and Gilpin counties — St.
Vrain and Big Thompson. The streams that flow into the South Platte
from the "Divide" are Plum, Cherry, Terrapin, Kiowa, Bijou and Beaver
creeks. Those from the northern limits of the Territory are the Crow,
Pawnee, and Horse Tail creeks, which all flow in a southerly direction.
The Smoky Hill and Piepublican forks of the Kansas arise in the eastern
central portion of the plains, from the eastern terminus of the "Divide,"
and flow east to the limits of the Territory. The entire extent of country
38 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
in Colorado, west of the main range, and north of the Uncompahgre moun-
tains, is drained by the Rio Colorado and the south branch of the North
Fork of the Platte. The latter stream rises in North park and surrounding
mountains, and flows northward to the northern limits of the Territory.
The principal northern branches of the Rio Colorado are the Bear, White
and Grand rivers. The Bear, with its numerous tributaries, rises in Elk
Head, Rabbit Ears, and Escalantes mountains, and flows westward to the
main river. White river flows from the Elk Head and Rabbit Ears moun-
tains, west of North and Middle parks, to its confluence with the main
i-ange, near the western central boundary of Colorado. The Grand river,
the principal tributary of the Rio Colorado, really the Colorado itself, rises
from the northwestern slopes of the Sierra Madres, at the base of Mount
Lincoln. It also receives numerous tributaries from Middle park, and sur-
rounding mountains, and flows westward to its confluence with the Gunnison,
the principal southern branch, near the western central limits of the Terri-
tory. The course of this river is exceeding tortuous. It winds round the
bases of innumerable mountain ranges, and breaks through rocky barriers
of immense height, excavating a series of canons of unknown depth and
extent. The Gunnison has its source in the Sawatch and Uncompahgre
mountains, and flows northwest to its confluence with the Grand. This river
has numerous branches, and its entire course lies through a continued series
of mountain chasms. South of this, in western Colorado, are the Rio San
Miguel and Rio Dolores, arising in the Sierra San Miguel and Sierra
LaPlata, and flowing north and west to the main river. South of the
Uncompahgre mountains, and Sierra San Miguel; east of Sierra LaPIata,
and north and east of the Sierra San Juan, are the head water's of the
Rio Grande del Norte, which flows eastward till it reaches San Luis park,
and then south to the southern limits of the Territory. East of this,
arising from the southern slopes of Raton mountain, is the head waters of
the Cimaron river, which flows east to the southeastern corner of the Ter-
ritory.
This system of water-courses, thus briefly described, presents many
remarkable features, peculiar to the rivers of Colorado only. It will be
seen that, from the central division of the main range, near the base of the
highest peak of the range, arise three, among the greatest, rivers of the
Territory and of North America, the Rio Colorado, the Arkansas, and
the Platte. From this, the most elevated point in the continent, the water
naturally flows in every direction, and reaches the great oceans though
channels proportionate in magnitude to the unrivalled grandeur of the
surroundings at their source. On the plains, many of the smaller tributa-
ries of the Arkansas and Platte are, at difi"erent points, entirely absorbed by
the sands in their beds during the greater portion of the season, and instead
ot being rivers of water, are really rivers of quicksands, beneath which
the streams still continue their course, and still supply moisture to the
bottom lands along their borders, and water to the inhabitants, who obtain
It by digging to a trifling depth.
The lakes of Colorado are unimportant, and are noted only for the beauty
ana sublimity ot their surroundings, and receive mention in the chapter on
scenery Ihe elevation of Colorado prevents the accumulation of any great
body of tranquil waters within her boundaries. The only reservoirs suitable
tor the waters, that result from the melting of the snows of the Mother of
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 39
Mountains, are the great oceans ; and to these they make their way, through
channels of vast magnitude and importance.
The political divisions of Colorado will receive separate and appropriate
notice, in the following chapter.
COUNTIP]S
ARAPAHOE.
The first political division of that portion of the State of Kansas — now
in Colorado — which embraced the Pike's Peak gold region, was organized
by the emigrants in and about Auraria, in the fall of 1858, and included all
the region inhabited or explored at that time. Auraria was its principal
town and county seat, and was the arena in which the political gladiators of
those early days displayed their great prowess and endurance. The area
then embraced by Arapahoe was much larger than that defined by the
present boundaries, which were established by Government surveys, completed
in 1861. These include a strip about 175 miles in length, east and west, and
thirty miles in width, north and south; commencing at the eastern bounda-
ries of Jefferson and Boulder counties, and extending to the Kansas line,
east • and at the northern boundary of Douglas county, and extending to
the southern limits of Weld county, north and south. This belt lies entirely
in the plains, or valley division of Colorado, and presents all the features
peculiar to this district. It is watered by the Platte and many of its
branches — principal among them, the Clear, Cherry, Kiowa, Bijou and
Beaver creeks — also, by the Republican Fork of the Kansas.
Although gold was first discovered, in paying quantities, within the
present limits of Arapahoe county, the amount was trifling, and mining has
never been a leading industry. No mineral deposits of commercial value,
except coal measures, have been discovered; and these have not been suf-
ficiently developed to establish their value or importance, though, no doubt,
extensive lignite beds underlie the whole extent of the county. Fossils and
minerals, interesting to the student of geology, exist, however, in consider-
able quantities along the beds of water-courses and on the ridges, which
receive notice in the appropriate chapter.
With the exception of scattering cotton-wood forests, along the Platte
and its tributaries, there is no timber in the county ; but the usual vegeta-
tion of the plains is abundant everywhere, and the soil is very fertile and
productive. This makes agriculture the leading industry of Arapahoe,
outside of her principal cities, and has already grown to be of vast impor-
tance, and is attracting the attention of emigrants from all countries.
Although the great portion of the soil of Arapahoe county, as well as that
of other parts of the plains, requires irrigation, means of affording this are
ample, and many thousands of acres of wheat, corn, and vegetables are
already cultivated, annually, yielding large and profitable returns. Statistics
illustrating this will appear in the chapter on agriculture, and should be care-
fully examined by those seeking profitable agricultural investments.
40 ROOKY xMOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Denver, the principal city and capital of Colorado— tlie Queen City of
the Plains— is the county seat of Arapahoe county, and is located on the
Platte river and Clierry creek, at their confluence, in the western central
portion of the county. This is the mercantile and manufacturing centre ot
Colorado, as well as the most important city west of the Missouri river and
east of the mountains, and has already a population of over 8,000 inhab-
itants, noted for their prosperity, thrift, and enterprise. They have already
projected manufacturing? enterprises which will, eventually, contribute largely
to the general wealth o"f the. country, and established commercial relations
with the larger cities, east and west, of unusual importance, considering the
age and location of the city. These, with all the resources, advantages,
public buildings, institutions of learning, religion, etc., will receive full and
detailed descriptions in our history of Denver, in which will also appear all
statistical matter and gazetteer information concerning Arapahoe county.
The history of Arapahoe county and of Denver are so intimately connected,
we give them in detail in the same chapter.
There are no towns or cities of any importance in Arapahoe, besides
Denver ; but comfortable farm houses are abundant throughout the culti-
vated regions, and good wagon roads traverse every section. Besides these,
the iron tracks of the Denver and Kansas Pacific railways traverse a con-
siderable portion of the county, and pass through thousands of acres of
excellent farm lands, still awaiting the plow of the agriculturist, and rea'dy
to yield abundant wealth to all who may take advantage of their unusual
fertility. Arapahoe county wants, and offers peculiar advantages to, indus-
trious farmers, and can safely insure such comfort and competency.
BOULDER COUNTY
Embraces an area of 900 square miles, in one of the most delightful and
salubrious sections of the Territory, and is possessed of more than ordinary
attractions as a location for rapid development of material wealth to those
taking advantage of its mineral and agricultural resources.
It embraces that portion of the great mineral belt which approaches
nearest, and is most accessible to the plains, and adjoins Gilpin and Jeffer-
son counties on the south. Long's Peak forms its northwestern corner-stone;
its northern limit, Larimer county; Summit county its western boundary,
and Arapahoe and "Weld counties bound it on the east.
With its immense and valuable deposits of coal, gold, silver and iron
ores, 'and the extensive tracts of fertile land, only awaiting irrigation and
cultivation to become productive of gigantic crops and incalculable profit,
this portion of territory stands pre-eminent as an avenue to unbounded
prosperity.
The streams that rise in or near the range, and traverse this county to
the eastward, are the St. Vrain, Boulder, Little Thompson, and Coal creek,
tributaries of the Platte river. These are skirted in the mountains by beau-
tiful valleys, which occasionally widen out to fine parks, clothed with luxu-
riant grass and dense pine forests. The soil of the valleys, and a large
portion of the plains in the limits of Boulder county, is exceedingly fertile,
and the hardier cereals, potatoes, and other vegetables, and hay, are produced
abundantly. The plains, aided by irrigation, produce, besides these, wheat,
oats, barley, and corn, with that large average yield peculiar to Colorado.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 41
The cereal products of tlie cultivated acres furnish four good flouring mills
with a constant supply, besides large shipments of grain to markets beyond
the limits of the county.
To furnish timber for building purposes, and other improvements, thir-
teen s:iw-mills are kept in active operation. Among the number, the Wall-
ing steam mill, at Caribou City, Grand Island district, employs thirty men
constantly; and the Tucker mill, located at Keysport, is also actively engaged.
Besides agricultural and manufacturing interests, which are important,
Boulder possesses remarkable mineral Avealth, regarded as unsurpassed by
any other county of Colorado. Her belt of gold mines — among the very
earliest discoveries in the Territory — traverse the entire extent of the county
along the chain of mountains east of the main range. Her silver mines —
of recent discovery — extend along the main range and spurs for many miles.
in a northerly direction, from the southern boundary, to a point approaching
Long's Peak.
The principal mining districts are Sugar Loaf, Gold Hill, Central, Ward,
Phoenix, and Grand Island, the latter the home of the celebrated Caribou
lode, a full description of which appears in another chapter.
Early in 1858, the first gold discovery in Colorado was made within the
limits of Boulder county, on the St. Yrain. This occurrence brought in the
vicinity scores of prospecters, who zealously labored to discover hidden
riches; and ere long, (1859), gold was discovered in the mountains of the
adjoining county, (Gilpin), and was followed by similar discoveries in this
county. Among the most important lodes, first discovered, were the Horse
Fall, Williams, Hope, Gold Hill, Wisconsin, Sucker, and Syracuse; and
later, the Columbia, Horseshoe, Galena, and many others. The more recent
discovery of silver mines in the Grand Island district — of which a full
mention is made elsewhei-e — has given a sudden impetus to business, and
imparted a healthful vigor to the materia] interests of the county and the
Territory, and promises to add largely to the wealth of the entire nation.
Another important feature of Boulder county is her immense and inex-
haustible beds of coal, referred to in the commencement of this chapter, and
more fully described elsewhere. These are located near the foot-hills^
and have already been sufficiently developed to establish their real value
and importance. Cheap and good fuel furthers the interest of all manufac-
turing enterprises, and encourages emigration in any country possessing this
great desideratum; and, in this respect, Boulder county is peculiarly favored.
Prominent among the coal mines, already extensively worked, is the Marshall
mine, which receives due attention in an appropriate chapter. Still, too
much cannot be written concerning this coal measure, capable of supplying
a populous community and vast manufacturing enterprises, with abundance
of excellent fuel at moderate expense. Other coal beds, also duly noticed
elsewhere, are being actively developed, and their value fully established.
Fire and potter's clay, of superior quality, also exist in large quantities, and
altogether, the resources of Boulder county are unsurpassed, perhaps, by
any other district in the Territory.
If superior agricultural advantages, great mineral deposits, including
gold, silver, iron, lead and copper ores, and superior lignite, abundance of
excellent building material, superior water powers, healthy climate, and
glorious scenery will make a country prosperous, and a people happy, surely
the prospects of Boulder county are unusually brilliant, and the inhabitants
42 ROCKi' MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
amongst the most favored of mortals. That which is most needed to insure
entire success to the mining interest of Boulder county, as well as to those
of all similar districts in Colorado, is reduction works, capable of treating,
successfully and economically, the sulphuret ores of the mineral belts. Such
works, sufficiently capacious, and liberally managed, would give a fresh
impetus to mining enterprises, and not only enhance the value and insure
the working of mines already discovered, but stimulate prospecting, and
aus^ment the importance of the mining industries generally. And no portion
of Colorado affords more facilities or better inducements for the construction
of such works than that part of Boulder county which lies along the base of
the foot-hills. Everything requisite, except capital and skillful labor, is on
the spot; fire-clay, building material, abundance of coal, and besides all
these, easy access to the mining regions above.
The principal towns of Boulder county are Boulder City (the county
seat), Burlington and Valmont, which are fully described elsewhere.
CLEAR CREEK
Is the principal silver-producing county of Colorado, and second to none in
important and successful mining enterprises. A portion of the northern, the
entire western, and about one-half of the southern boundary of this county is
defined by three curves of the main range that indent the southeastern bound-
ary of Summit county. The balance of its northern, its eastern, and the other
half of its southern boundaries lie along spurs of the main range on the
north, and along the foot-hills east and south. The political boundaries of
Clear Creek are Summit and Gilpin counties on the north; Gilpin and Jef-
ferson counties on the east; Park and Summit on the south, and Summit oa
the west. The area thus defined is pear-shaped; the stem of the pear
formed by the extreme western point of the "county, surrounded almost com-
pletely by the main range; the body, by that portion inclosed by spurs of
the range, the foot-hills, and the range itself. The greatest length of the
county, east and west, is about thirty-five miles; its greatest breadth, north
and south, about fifteen miles. The area, thus embraced, incloses South
Clear creek and its tributaries entirely, except the point at which the creek
breaks through the foot-hills and join its northern fork, which drains the
gold regions of Gilpin county. The valley of this beautiful stream, which
gives its name to the county, is one of its most important physical features.
It extends from the junction of two of its principal tributaries at George-
town, to the carton near the boundary of Jefferson county, a distance of
over twenty miles. Its width varies from a few hundred feet to over one-
half mile. Its surface is quite level, except its eastward trend, and is clothed
with luxuriant grass and other species of mountain-valley vegetation.
The soil is excellent, and produces the hardier cereals and vegetables
abundantly. Besides these advantages, gold has been found in paying quan-
tities in the sands of the valley; and gulch and placer diggings have been
actively worked, at different points, along its eastern third, since 1859.
The first settlers of the county were prospecters in search of precious nug-
gets, which were first found by Americans— George Jackson and party— in
tlie spring of 1859, on Chicago Bar, now within the limits of Idaho Springs. ;i
That gold was taken out previous to this, by Spanish or Mexican explorers, fi
from Spanish Bar, near the mouth of Fall river, is probable, but not well ]\
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER, 43
authenticated. However, the value of the placer and gulch diggings of
South Clear creek have long since been fully established.
Another important, and perhaps the most valuable feature of Clear creek
and its beautiful valley, is the excellent water-power and mill-sites that
are continuous from its source to its mouth. The stream affords ample
supply of water at all seasons, and the valley peculiar facilities for the con-
struction of mill buildings and manufactories. The fall of the waters are
sufficient, in every 500 or 600 feet of the valley, to insure ample power to
drive massive machinery, and the existence of a smooth bed rock at no great
depth, at all points, makes the construction of dams, and the foundations of
manufactories, comparatively easy. The declivities of the ranges and mount-
ains which border this valley, and arise above it to elevations of from 1,000
to 4,000 feet, are covered with dense forests of mountain pine, suitable for all
lumber and fuel purposes, and are traversed their entire extent by lodes
bearing the precious metals, and copper, lead and iron, in great abundance.
The slopes of these mountains, besides furnishing abundance of pine lum-
ber, afford good pasturage, as they are covered, nearly to their summits, with
the mountain grasses peculiar to the region. Altogether, the advantages
and resources of Clear Creek county are unsurpassed for mining, milling,
manufacturing and grazing purposes, and these have been improved- already
by many thousands of industrious and enterprising citizens.
The first settlers of the county were gulch miners, who worked in the
valley along Clear creek only, but these were soon followed by prospecters
in the mountains, who made numerous lode discoveries. These were first
worked for gold only, with but little success, except inland about Empire, in
Upper Union district, where gold lodes of great value are still successfully
operated. At this time, the existence of silver in the ores of Colorado had
not been defined; but after this important fact was established in 1864, the
great value of the mining districts of Clear Creek county was fully con-
firmed, and from that fortunate event dates the present prosperity and
importance of the county. Idaho Springs was the first town surveyed in
the county. This very soon became the most populous portion of the
county, and the county seat and archives and offices were located here until
1867, when they were removed to the more populous town of Georgetown,
near the head waters of Clear creek. This town was first settled in 1860, by
the Griffith family, but did not commence a healthy and rapid growth until
the discovery of silver in the extensive belt of lodes that traverse the sur-
rounding mountains. This event secured the future prosperity of George-
town, and it has already taken a place in the front rank of mining towns in
Colorado, and may, ere long, rival that great centre of the mining industries
of the Territory, Central City, of Gilpin county.
The town next in importance to those above named is Empire, in Upper
Union district. This beautiful mining camp is most pleasantly located, on
the North Fork of Clear creek, in a beautiful valley at the base of Silver
mountain. It was first settled, in 1860, by gold miners, who had made
important discoveries of gold lodes in the adjacent mountain. The first
house was built by D. J. Ball and D. C. Daily, who are still residents of
the town, and among the prominent citizens of the county. The former
(D. J. Ball) is agent of the Star Gold Mining Company, and notary public
for the district. He is completely identified with the mining interests of
the county, thoroughly well-informed in all mining matters, and a most
44 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
reliable person from whom to gain information concerning these induatrie.^
His cabinet of minerals, metals, and fossils, is among the most caretuL;
selected, extensive, and best arranged in the Territory, and should be exa^r
ined by all visitors to Empire. Mr. D. C Daily is also large y interested ir
mining enterprises, and thoroughly competent to give reliable and valuab,.-
inforniation concerning the interests of the district. To Mr. August Guibo'
and his son— gentlemen also thorouahly conversant with mining matters, aiu.
laruely interested in those here and in Summit county— we are under
esp'I'cial obligations for valuable statistical information and urbane courtesio
Will they please accept our grateful acknowledgments ?
The present population of Empire is comparatively small, on account v
the suspension of work in nearly all the mines in the vicinity, from_ caus.
which receive due notice in our chapter on mines; but, in the earlier an
more prosperous days of the district, the town had over 1,000 inhabitant -
and numerous stores, hotels, etc.
A pleasant feature of this town, besides its beautiful location and su;
roundings, is the apparent attention paid by its citizens to religious an^
educational privileges. This is exemplified by a beautiful little churr'
(Episcopalian), built under the direction of Bishop Randall, of Denver;
Methodist church organization, and a good school — all of which receiv
liberal support.
Other towns, exclusively mining camps, now almost deserted, but f< •
merly populous, located in the valley of Clear creek, are: jMills' City ai;
Dowuieviile, between Idaho Springs and Georgetown; Silver Plume (a nc^
town), Brownville, and Bakerville, above Georgetown, on the middle tributat
of Clear creek; and East Argentine, on the south branch of the creek, al-
above Georgetown, on the main range. Besides these, there is a beautilr
little embryo city, nestled in the valley of P^iU river, about five miles fro:
its mouth, at Spanish Bar, which is named in honor of J. Mahaney, Esq..
Georgetown, and has peculiar facilities and advantages, both in regard r
location and wealth of the surrounding mines, that will, eventually, insure :
growth and population. Mahaneyvillemay,at some future day, be the centrt-
of vast mining enterprises, and count its population by tens of thousand-.
At present, however, it is only the abiding place of a few miners.
A full description of the mines and mills of Clear Creek county, historic -
of Georgetown and Idaho Springs, and complete statistical information co'.
cerning the resources of the county, appear in their appropriate chapter-
The altitude of the valley of Clear creek, at Idaho Springs, is 7,8ii
above sea level; at mouth of Fall river, 7,930 feet; and at Georgei.r»;
8,452 feet. The highest points on surrounding mountains average fror
9,000 to nearly 15,000 feet— the latter the summit of Gray's Peak. N..
withstanding these great elevations, the climate is unusually mild, and gre '
falls of snow seldom occur.
The principal branches of Clear creek are its North, Middle and Souti
branches. Fall river, and Chicago and Soda creeks. These are all skirted b
pleasant valleys, covered with grasses which aff"ord excellent pasturage, ani.
flow through ranges of mountains traversed by belts of silver and gold lodes,
and covered with pine forests.
The valley is reached by excellent wagon roads from Denver and Central
City, and will, no doubt, soon be linked to the rest of the world by a con-
tinuation of the Colorado Central railway, which already reaches the base
I
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 45
of the mountains, at Golden City. The practicability of this railway con-
nection has been fully detiued by recent surveys, and its completion is only
a matter of time. With railway communication with the plains, this county
will possess unrivalled attractions for capitalists seeking profitable mining
investments, and miners seeking paying returns for their labor.
GILPIN,
The smallest, but most important, of the political divisions of Colorado, lies
chiefly in the foot-hills, and embraces, within its limited borders, the richest
gold mining i-egion in the world. Its entire surface is broken by mountain
ranges and their intervening gulches and chasms, and presents the serrated
profile peculiar to all the mountain districts of the Territory; but it is rich
in gold — pure, glittering, precious gold ; and, to the gold-hunter, jagged
mountain steeps, inclosing the precious metal, are gently-sloping declivities;
and deep chasms, whose sands are glittering, are pleasant dells, beautiful and
enchanting; and all the surroundings of the coveted treasure, rose-hued and
delightful. And, even to the ordinary observer, Gilpin county presents
unusual beauties of scenery. The mountains are robbed of their naked
horrors by a garb of fine forests of pines, luxuriant grass, and flowering
vegetation; and the ravines of their terrors, by lippling water-falls and grass-
clothed bottoms. The bottoms occasionally widen to valleys of considerable
extent, which are unusually fertile and productive; and, under the careful
culture of ranch-men, yield abundantly. They are peculiarly adapted to
the culture of hay and vegetables, and have already made the agricultural
interest of Gilpin of considerable importance.
The northern liu)it of the county is Boulder county; its eastern, Jeffer-
son county; its southern. Clear Creek county; and its western, Summit
county. Its principal city and county seat is Central City, located in the
central portion of the county, on Gregory gulch, which is the water-course
of one of the branches of North Clear creek. This is the second city, in
population, in the Territory, and the great centre of the mining enterprises
of Colorado. It is surrounded and traversed by the richest belt of gold
mines in the world, and is in the immediate neighborhood of gulch and
placer diggings that have yielded millions of dollars worth of the precious
metal.
Nearly east of Central, on Clear creek, is the city of Black Hawk, also
surrounded and traversed by belts of rich gold lodes, paved with placer and
gulch diggings, and resonant with the clang of machinery and the thud of
the ponderous ore stamp.
West of Central, and also joining it, on a tributary of North Clear creek,
is Nevada, also belted and crowned and paved with gold mines and placer
diggings, and noisy with the unwieldy music of steam-engines and the "fall"
of the ore-crushing stamp.
The first discovery of gold in the mountains occurred in Gilpin county;
and some strange fate guided the first explorers of the region to the richest
deposits ever discovered by mortal man. The assertion that tne gold mines
of Gilpin county are not equalled, in richness or extent, by those of any
other district in the world, of equal proportions, is a sweeping announcement;
nevertheless, one that can be, and has been, fully confirmed by reliable sta-
tistics. It cannot be averred, however, that this paramount advantage has
46 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
secured large wealth or unusual prosperity to the inhabitants. The history
of mining enterprises in Gilpin county, as well as in all other parts of the
Territory, is not the description of a series of successful operations, yielding
immense profits; but, in too many cases, the story of gigantic failures and
proportionate losses. That gold should exist extensively, and in paying
quantities, in a district, and not be a source of large wealth to the inhabit-
ants thereof, seems impossible, but has been proven a fact, by actual results,
in Gilpin county. The various causes that bring this about receive due
condemnation elsewhere, and are, mainly, incompetent mining captains and
mill-men, swindling mining operators, buncombe companies with penniless
directors and senseless agents; charlatan metallurgical professors, with their
worthless processes; and not either the quality or quantity of the ores, or
the unusual actual expense of mining or reducing these. The wrecks, left
by the storms of failure and disaster that have swept over the country, are
painfully apparent everywhere. Crumbling walls and tottering chimneys of
played-out reduction works; ponderous machinery, rusted and broken; and
curious furnaces, whose fires have been extinguished years ago, m:ir the fair
face of this golden county, and chill the hearts of capitalists anxious to
invest in her rich mines. These accumulations of unsightly debris should
be removed at once and forever. They do a vast amount of injury to the
mining interest of Colorado, and benefit nobody. The charlatans and hum-
bugs, who have induced honest capitalists to invest money in their useless
processes, are disappearing rapidly from the country ; and these monuments
of their follies and failures should not be permitted to outlive their project-
ors. The lessons they inculcate have been already thoroughly learned by
the practical miners of the country, who are gradually becoming excellent
and experienced mining captains and competent mill-men, and can get along
very fairly, without the aid of imported German-Freiburg brains, or " Toot-
horn " professors.
The cry of "refractory ores'' has been raised against the gold-bearing
sulphurets of Colorado, and has been reiterated by every charlatan ore-
reducer, who has failed, in the country, and harped upon by every dis-
content and swindling operator, who has cursed it with his presence. This
howl, however, is being borne away on the pure mountain winds of the '
region, and entirely suppressed by the rush of flames in Prof Hill's reducing
furnaces, which are daily melting precious gold, from over twenty-five tons cf
these same refractory ores, in such quantities, and at such trifling expense,
that his company can declare dividends on capital stock of more than lOw
per cent., annually.
To fully establish the mining interests of Gilpin county, upon a perm;',-
nent, paying basis, and secure a complete development of the great miner;;'
wealth of the mines, other reduction works, of greater capacity, are requiretl.
immediately. The attention of capitalists is already directed to this impoi-
tant matter, and, without doubt, the much needed works will soon b-
constructed. Probably the most suitable location for these is at the base <: :
the mountains, near some of the extensive coal beds in Boulder or Jeff"ersou
county, on account of the abundance of fuel; but works can be constructed I
inUilpin county, where forests still supply great quantities of cheap fuel,'
and be carried on with large profit to their owners, as is proven by the works ,
relerred to above. To make such works valuable to the whole county, and,
the means of fully developing her resources, they should be conducted by
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 47
capitalists, who would be satisfied with a reasonable per centage on the money
invested, and be sufficiently public spirited and honest to insure fair and
liberal management of the enterprise.
Many years of expensive experiment have proven that stamp mills are
only adapted to the treatment of surface auriferous quartz. They fail to
save even fifty per cent, of the gold in the mineral ores, and, consequently,
cannot be used for the treatment of such without incurring large and
shameful loss. While the stamps are, and will always continue to be, a cheap
and appropriate method of reducing surface quartz and low grades of ores
carrying a large amount of gangue, they can never be available for the treat-
ment of the deeper and more valuable ores. In view of this, and the
absence of large reduction works (except. Prof. Hill's, which can be supplied
by any one of the large mines of the county, if fully worked"), it is not
strange that the mining industries of the county should be cramped and
impeded.
As the successful treatment of sulphureted gold-bearing ores is no longer
doubtful, and the fact of their existence, in numerous true fissure veins, fully
established, all that is now required to fully develop the mining interest of
the county, and insure large wealth to its inhabitants, are extensive reduc-
tion works, skillfully and economically conducted, and liberally managed.
Notwithstanding all disadvantages, mining is not at a stand-still in the
county, as will be fully understood by a perusal of our chapter on mines and
mills. The ore taken out, annually, yields a large amount of bullion, and
enables the mine owners to pay liberal wages — 83.50 per day — to common
miners, and realize handsome profits besides, in spite of the large loss of
gold by the stamp mill process, and the comparatively trifling price paid for
smelting ores by Prof Hill.
The mercantile and commercial interests of the county are important,
and are skillfully managed by a class of merchants and business men, possess-
ing unusual enterprise and ability. Educational and religious institutions
and privileges are liberally sustained, and carefully fostered ; the professions
represented by gentlemen of learning and character, and the "Press" con-
ducted with unusual enterprise and ability. A detailed description of all
these appear in appropriate chapters.
The altitude of Central is 8,300 feet above sea level, and the average
altitude of the whole county nearly 9,000 feet. The climate is mild, and,
like that of all the foot-hill regions, unusually healthy. Altogether, Gilpin
county offers great inducements to capitalists for safe, paying investments ;
to laborers, the assurance of good wages and prompt payment, and to all
classes of emigrants, a most desirable abiding place.
Superior wagon roads traverse the county in all directions, and furnish
ample facilities for communication between all parts of the mining districts,
and the towns and cities of this and surrounding mountain counties, and the
plains beyond; and soon the iron track of the Colorado Central railway will
connect this land of gold with all sections east and west. .
PARK COUNTY
Lies chiefly in a semicircular basin ; its southern, western and northern rims
form a curve in the main Ptocky Mountain range, from a point near Pike's
Peak, on the southeast, to Mt. Lincoln on the northeast; its eastern boundary
48 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
a series of mountain spurs broken by the tributaries of the Platte, which
connect Pike's Peak and Mt. Lincola by a nearly direct line, about 100
miles in length, running northeast and southwest. This county is the
central division of Colorado, and is bounded on the south by Fremont
county; on the east, by El Paso, a corner of Douglas, and Jefferson; on the
north, by Clear Creek and Summit; and on the west, by Lake. An ele-
vated plateau, over 10,000 feet above sea-level, the South park, covers the
larger portion of this area, locked in by mountain chains, and is the principal
feature of the county. The park embraces almost 3,000 square miles, nearly
level, except where traversed by numerous spurs of the mountains that form
its boundaries; is well watered with tributaries of the South Platte, and
covered with luxuriant grasses and pine forests. One hot and several warm
mineral springs, and extensive salt springs, have been discovered in the park
— the latter about twenty miles from its northern border. In 1866, large salt
works were erected at these, by Messrs. Kollius, Hall and Lane, at consider-
able expense, which were worked for several years with profitable results,
supplying the greater portion of the Territory ; but at present, from causes
unknown to us, are idle. The springs, two in number, furnish large quanti-
ties of brine of fair strength. The valley in which they are located is
covered with an efflorescense .of alkali, and there is every evidence of
extensive salt beds. About eight miles from the northern limit, lignite,
suitable for ordinary fuel purposes, has been discovered in considerable quan-
tities, and evidences of good coal beds present themselves at different parts.
The soil of the park is exceedingly fertile, and, notwithstanding its great
elevation, the hardier cereals, potatoes, turnips and other vegetables, mature
and yield largely; and no better grass or hay-growing country can be found
anywhere. The numerous streams which traverse the surface of the park,
and break through its eastern boundaries to the great plains and the greater
ocean beyond, are filled with brook trout of the finest species ; and game,
such as ducks, geese, deer, elk and mountain sheep, is abundant everywhere.
At the head of the park that giant among the mountain-monarchs of this
region, Mt. Lincoln, rears its snow-crowned summit far above timber line, to
an elevation of over 17,000 feet (Prof. Dubois' estimate). The melted
snows from its eastern declivities supply the principal tributaries of the
South Platte with clear, sparkling, eternal waters; and those from its
western slopes reach the Pacific ocean through the Blue, Grande and Colo-
rado. ^ The scenic view from Mt. Lincoln is unsurpassed in beauty and
sublimity.
The principal town and county seat of Park county is Fair Play, located
at the head of the park on a tributary of the Platte, at the base of the foot-
hills, ninety-five miles from Denver, by the Buckskin Joe, or Fair Play wagon
road, seventy-five miles from Caiion City, seventy miles from Colorado City,
forty miles from Granite, in Lake, and thirty-five miles from California
gulch. This town is on the direct or mountain route, from Denver to Santa
Fe, by way of San Luis park, and is reached from Denver, by a daily line
of first-class coaches, owned by the Colorado Stage Company; from San Luis
parjc and Lake county, by a semi-weekly line, owned by Frank Logan ; from
Canon City, by a weekly line, the property of W. H. Berry, of Fair Play;
and from Montgomery and other mining towns above, a weekly line. Monte-
zuma, Breckmridge, and the mining districts of Summit, are reached by a
good road, through one of the lowest passes of the main range. Fair Play has
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 49
a good church (3Iethodist Episcopal); school, with forty-five scholars; two
hotels — the South Park House, Hugh Murdoch, proprietor, and Clinton
House, David Miller, proprietor ; two stores — general merchandise and miners'
supplies, A. M. Janes; drug store, L. H. Valiton. The post-oflBce, express
office and land agency are at Janes' store. Livery stable, McLaughlin &
Hall, proprietors. The county officers are: S. A. Safford, county clerk and
recorder; Thomas Hubbard, probate judge; A. Hall, sherifi"; treasurer
and collector, W. H. Berry; assessor, R. Ware; school superintendent,
J. Marshall Paul, attorney at law; commissioners, Charles W. Lowe, James
Moynahan, S. S. Slater; justice of peace, Thomas Willey. There is a
United States land office at Fair Play, with James Castello, receiver, and N. H.
Owings, register. Six townships around this town have been surveyed and
are in the market for sale, and four more have been surveyed and are open for
preemption. They are all in or near the park, well watered, well timbered
with spruce and pine, and a large portion of them good agricultural lands.
The present population is about 400, within the limits of the town, and 600
in the surrounding mining districts, with this as a base of supplies. From
the valley or gulch in which Fair Play is located, over 8250,000 in gold was
taken out in 1S59, and all the placer diggings in the vicinity are rich and
have produced largely — among them, "Beaver Creek gulch," where Messrs.
Pease and Freeman have recently put in a bed rock flume, and have good
prospects; and " Four Mile gulch," where Charles 'SV. Lowe was actively and
profitably engaged last summer. The entire range of mountains in the
vicinity is traversed by a rich belt of lodes, carrying minerals of all kinds
Those of the greatest value and best developed are the "Orphan Boy." jMos-
quito district, from which a large amount has been taken (the ores in this
lode are sulphurets of iron, copper, lead and zinc, bearing gold and silver);
the " V.'ar Eagle" and "Hattie Jane," also Mosquito district; the " Parson-
age" and " Herrington," Montgomery district; the "Priest lode," Beaver
Creek district; and "Ten-forty," "Excelsior," "Sub-let," "Union Four,"
and celebrated "Phillips" (from which more than a quarter of a million
dollars was taken in a short time), all in Buckskin district.
The other towns in the county worthy of note are Montgomery, at the
base of Mt. Lincoln, twelve miles from Fair Play (an important mining camp
as early as 1S60), surrounded by a belt of lodes of unusual richness, many of
which have been extensively worked, and over a third of a million dollars
taken out since 1S59; several quartz mills. Buckskin, on Buckskin creek,
about nine miles north of Fair Play, surrounded by rich gulches and mines;
a prospect of active operations here next summer. Mosquito, on Mosquito
creek, also in the midst of a good mining district, considerably developed ;
with two stamp mills and several arrastras constantly employed; and prospects
of reduction works, for silver ores, next summer. Several gulch claims
between Montgomery apd Fair Play were worked, during the past year, with
fair results, and over $100, OUO in gold produced, being the principal yield of
the county, owing to the existence of causes adverse to active mining opera-
tions; principal among these, the lack of proper works for reducing ores,
and insufficient capital for mining purposes. The principal companies
owning mining and milling property in these districts are the Stephens
Company, Philadelphia capitalists; South Park Exploring and Mining-
Company, who own the "Orphan Boy;" and the Pioneer Mining Company,
who own lodes and stamp mill and arrastras in IMontgomery district.
50 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Stock-raising is fast becoming an important feature- in the industries of
Park county, for which its superior pasture-lands afford unusual advantages.
There are already over 6,000 head of cattle and 700 head of horses owned
by parties near Fair Play, and these herds will be increased rapidly.
The vast mineral and agricultural resources, superior water powers, coal
beds, mineral springs and salt beds, unrivalled scenery and healthful climate,
will eventually secure large wealth and population to this county. Its prin-
cipal town is already a good business point, and, from its beautiful and
healthful surroundings, should be a fashionable resort for siimmer tourists.
SUMMIT.
Summit is the extreme northwestern of the counties of Colorado, and
embraces all that portion of the territory lying to the west of the summit of
the main range, and north of the parallel 39° 30' of north latitude. To the
south of it lies the great counties of Lake and Park, to the west the Terri-
tory of Utah, to the north Wyoming, and to the east the counties of Larimer,
Boulder, Gilpin, Clear Creek and a part of Park. The length of Summit
county, on an east and west line, is about 145 miles, and north and south
about 115 miles. Very nearly all of this large area (over 16.000 square
miles) is uninhabited, save by wandering Indians; and it is only in the
extreme southeastern corner of the county, on the head waters of the Blue,
Snake and Swan rivers, that the adventurous and hardy miner has gained a
foothold. The county is entered by several passes; the most traveled, and,
indeed, the only road into it, being by way of Denver and the South park,
and thence over the Tarryall pass. This road is a good one, and could be
readily traveled all winter, were there vehicles enough passing over it to
break a road through the first heavy snow.
The Grand and its tributariee are the principal rivers of this county; and
it is in the southeast part of Summit that the head waters of the great Col- ■
orado river have their origin — as it is from the melting snows of Summit
county are fed the streams that make their exit into the ocean, through the
great canon of the Colorado river and Gulf of California. The county is i
densely timbered and possesses immense beds of valuable coal. The prin-
cipal metals and minerals found in the county are gold, silver, copper, lead,
iron and zinc, and the various combinations of these metals with sulphur,
arsenic, antimony, etc. The rock of the county is mainly primitive, granite i
and gneiss; and it is not until some distance from the range is obtained, is !
there met the younger formations. The sole business of the inhabitants of I
Summit county is mining, and mainly in the placer deposits of gold, of which I
the county possesses an immense area. I
Commencing on the head waters of the Blue river, and thence north and I
east as far as the Swan river, the gulches coming down from the range are [
auriferous. It was in 1859 that gold was first discovered in the gravel de- i
posits of Summit county; and Gold Run, Galena, American, Georgia, Humbug, I
French, Gibson, Corkscrew, Negro, Illinois and Hoosier gulches, and Stilson's '
and Delaware flats suddenly became endowed with reputation and a hardy,
energetic population of miners. The first extensive ditch, six miles in length,
was built in 1860, and the second, nine miles long, in 1862. The produc-
tion of gold in Summit county, from the time of its first discovery to the
present date, has been very large; but owing to the absence of mints, etc., in
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 51
the early days of the county, no accurate return can be made. Its present
production is about $500,000 per annum. Owing to the extent of placer
ground in the county, and to the gradual adoption of river mining, and also
to the gradual decrease in the price of labor, provisions, etc., the "gold crop"
of Summit county will gradually increase and probably soon reach $1,000,000
per year, which rate of production the county can sustain for an indefinite
length of time. No gold lodes are being worked in the county, although
such lodes undoubtedly exist. Gulch miners, as a class, are opposed to lode
mining; and while the placers of Summit county continue to yield as they
now do, there is but little lode mining to be done, except in the silver mining
districts of Peru and Montezuma. Such of the lodes as have been discovered
and opened in the county are mainly those containing ores of silver; this is
the case even in the immediate vicinity to the best paying gulches in the
county. There is no doubt, however, but that the deposits of valuable ores
of both silver and gold, in Summit county, are quite as extensive and quite
as valuable as those of any of the mining counties in the Territory. The
lodes of the county are characterized by great width and heavy deposits
of ore.
Of the fitness of the lands of Summit county for agriculture, but little
can be said. No attempt has been made to raise any crops in the county,
except a few feeble attempts at patches of potatoes and turnips, yet there is
no doubt but that wheat and other small grains, as well as turnips, potatoes
and other vegetables can be raised in the county. Summit is, however, ad-
mirably fitted for grazing stock. The grasses are those indigenous to the
country — red top, wild timothy, wild flax, wild oats, bunch grass, etc.; and
they grow with a wild luxuriance, surprising to those familiar only with the
plains grasses. The valley of the Blue river and its tributaries, and of the
Grand river and its tributaries, are as fine grazing grounds as any in Colo-
rado; and when an outlet is provided to the north and west, to the Union
Pacific railroad, or when a narrow gauge railway is built to connect with
some of the roads east of the range, there is no doubt but that stock growing
will be one of the permanent industries of the county. The extent and size
of the timber, mainly pine and spruce, that grows within the limits of Sum-
mit county, gives promise of a grand field for future population and wealth.
There is no doubt but that Summit county is as well, if not better timbered
than any other county in the Territory. The manufacturing of lumber is,
however, in a great measure, dependent on railroad communication to carry
the product to a market. The water-power of the county is large, and will
be sufficient to run any number of mills, and gives, when its resources are
fully developed, promise that the manufacturing industries of Summit county
are to be of great value to her and to the whole Territory.
The principal town, and county seat of Summit, is Breckinridge, which,
as early as 1860, was quite a populous mining camp. It is located in a valley,
on one of the tributaries of Blue, near the latter river, in the southeast cor-
ner of the county. W. P. Pollock, county clerk and recorder, resides here.
Montezuma, a mining camp on a branch of the Snake, at the base of Glazier
mountain, has a population of over 200 in summer. The reduction works
of the Sukie & St. Lawrence Mining Co. are located here, also a steam saw-
mill, the property of F. E. & W. W. Webster. These towns are reached
from Georgetown by a wagon road across the main range, near Gray's peak ;
from Fair Play, Park county, by a road across the range via a low pass at
52 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Hall's gulch, on one of the numerous tributaries of the Platte ; from Denver,
by way of South park and Tarryall pass, by a good wagon road, the best
means of reaching these and the mining districts of the county. About half
a mile from Montezuma, on a small tributary of the Snake, are the reduction
works, saw-mill and other buildings of the Boston Mining Association, the
proprietors of the Comstock lode. This little village is named St. John's,
and the greater portion of its inhabitants are employes of the Boston asso-
ciation.
JEFFERSON.
The western half of this county lies in the foot-hills, and the eastern
half on the plains. It is bounded on the north by Boulder and Weld coun-
ties; on the east by Arapahoe and Douglas counties; on the south by
Douglas, and on the west by Clear Creek and Gilpin counties.
Its western limits do not extend far enough up the foot-hills to reach the
belt of gold lodes that traverse these mountains, but include a series of
copper and iron veins, which contain ores of these metals in great quanti-
ties. Along the base of the foot-hills, in the upturned tertiary strata,
nearly the entire length of the county, coal measures of great extent have
already been discovered and extensively worked; and fire-clay, gypsum and
potter's clay also abound in unlimited quantities.
The agricultural advantages of this county are unsurpassed by any other
in Colorado. In the mountain portion, the valleys of streams (tributaries
of the Platte) widen out as they approach the plains, and form quite exten-
sive ranches, or farms, which are actively cultivated, with large and profit-
able returns. These yield oats, hay and vegetables, and when the plains
are reached, besides these, wheat, corn, and barley, with great profusion.
On the "plains" portion of the county, agriculture is aided by irrigation,
and ample facilities for this are in the reach of all, as canals traverse the
entire county, affording an abundant and unfailing supply of water at all
seasons. JelFerson county has but little waste land. The soil, not only of
the plains and valleys, but of the mountain slopes, is unusually productive,
and the climate favorable, even at the greatest elevations in the mountains.
With these advantages, the agricultural resources of the county are important,
and will afi"ord the means of support, and the opportunities for the accumu-
lation of wealth, to a large population; but from the greater facilities afforded
for manufacturing enterprises, these will, without doubt, eventually form the
principal feature of the county's industries. The principal inducements for
the investment of capital in manufactories are the abundance of cheap fuel,
supplied by the immense coal deposits; the inexhaustable supplies of excel-
lent building material; the existence of superior water-powers and mill-
sites,_and the proximity of large deposits of minerals, including copper and
iron in the county, and gold and silver in the adjoining counties of Boulder
and Gilpin. These advantages have already been improved to a considerable
extent, and the manufacturing enterprises of the county have assumed pro-
portions that place Jefi"erson county ahead of all other counties of Colorado
in such industries These embrace the manufacture of fire-brick, for fur-
naces; ordinary brick, for building purposes; coarse earthen or pottery ware,
and paper. Besides the factories engaged in the manufacture of these indis-
pensable articles, there are breweries, a distillery, planing mills, saw-mills,
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 53
a mill for grinding gypsum, and several extensive flouring mills. The fuel,
water-power, crude material, and material for tlie construction of factories,
used in all these, except that for paper, are among the products and resources
of the county, and exist in unlimited supplies. Coal for fuel, superior in
quality, and at cheap rates; fire, potter's, and ordinary clay, and gypsum at
the base of the foot-hills; lumber in the pine forest on the mountains; cereals
on the plains and valleys, and water-power from Clear creek and its tributa-
ries, which traverse the entire county from east to west. That these superior
advantages will induce the further investment of capital in manufacturing
enterprises is unquestionable; and no doubt, in addition to present indus-
tries, there will soon be constructed extensive reduction works, for the treat-
ment of the ores of the gold and silver belts of adjacent counties. The
facilities afforded for such works are unsurpassed, and should be taken
advantage of at once. Besides the superior wagon roads, peculiar to every
district of Colorado already inhabited, Jefferson is traversed by a railway,
the Colorado Central, which affords the medium of cheap and ample trans-
portation for her products to all markets, and places her in direct communi-
cation with all commercial centres.
The principal city, and county seat of Jefferson, is Golden City, located
in the valley of Clear creek, near the base of the foot-hills, in the northern
central portion of the county, about fifteen miles from Denver. This was
first settled early in 1859, by gulch miners, and soon became prosperous and
populous, and has remained so. It is not only the chief city of the county,
but the home of her principal manufacturing, mining, and mercantile enter-
prises, and educational and religious institutions. It is surrounded, traversed
and mined by coal measures, beds of fire and potter's clay, and ledges of
gypsum, and watered by Clear creek, which affords numerous superior water-
powers and mill privileges, and is in the immediate vicinity of pine forests
and cultivated lands. A detailed history of Golden and her advantages
appears in an appropriate chapter.
The only other town of importance in Jefferson county is Mount Vernon,
a beautiful little village, nestled among the foot-hills, about eighteen miles
from Denver, on the main wagon road from that city to Idaho Springs. It
is surrounded by quarries of limestone, which makes excellent building mate-
rial, and pine forests, affording good lumber in unlimited quantities. The
principal streams of Jefferson county are Clear creek and its tributaries^
and branches of the Platte — Deer, Turkey, Bear and Coal creeks, also
the North Fork of the South Platte, which flows through the southern
division of the county. They all have an easterly direction, and flow from
the foot-hills, across the county, to its eastern limits, and are skirted by
(■bottom lands, eminently fertile and actively cultivated.
The altitude of the county varies from 4,800 to 8,000 feet above the sea-
level, and the climate is that peculiar to the region — healthy, invigorating,
and free from all kinds of malarious or pulmonic diseases. Extremes in tem-
perature are unknown, and great falls of snow never take place. Stock fatten
at all seasons, without shelter, and without food save the grasses, which are
abundant and possess all the nutritious and perennial qualities peculiar to
those of Colorado.
Jefferson has already a population which numbers among the thousands;
but still has ample room, and offers superior inducements to tens of thousands
of industrious miners, mechanics and ranch-men.
54 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DOUGLAS.
This county lies exclusively ia the "plains" division of the Territory.
Its southwestern limits take in a portion of the "Divide," which part is well
timbered with pine; the balance is entirely valley lands, and well adapted to
stock-raising (as the grasses are abundant) and agriculture, with the aid of
irrigation. The county is bounded, north, by Arapahoe county; east, by
the State of Kansas; south, by Greenwood county; and west, by Jefferson
county.
Nearly the entire county, from its southeastern border to its north-
western limits, is traversed by the Kansas Pacific railway. The lands along
this road are, at present, but partially improved, and, in fact, this is true of
the entire county; and its whole population is trifling, in proportion to its
extent and resources. But the completion of this line of railway (during
the summer of 1870) has attracted attention to the county, and afforded
facilities for its complete development; and soon emigrants, from the less
favored farming districts, east, will find comfortable homes in this portion
of the " great desert," and make themselves wealthy and the county populous.
Coal beds and iron ore have also been discovered in Douglas couaty — the
iron ore very superior in quality and in considerable quantities; but, at
present, mining enterprises form no part of the industries of the county.
In a country where gold and silver are abundant, but little attention is
attracted to the baser metals, especially when that country, like Colorado, is
remote from commercial and manufacturing centres, and not densely popu-
lated. Hence, the copper, iron and lead of the Territory have, as yet,
received but little notice; but the completion of two lines of railway, and
the consequent influx of all classes of citizens, will very soon effect a change
in the condition of things, and measures will be inaugurated by which our
vast wealth of copper, iron and lead will be made available, and contribute
their part to the general wealth of the Territory. Until this desired object is
effected, the iron ore of Douglas county will not be disturbed, and mining
enterprises will form no part of her industries. In the meantime, her pres-
ent agricultural and stock-raising advantages will be her only source of wealth
and population, and these are sufficiently important to make her populous
and prosperous.
In the western portion of the county, and on the " Divide," rains fall more
frequently than in other locations, and crops can be raised without irrigation;
but the greater portion of the county, like the balance of the plains, will
not produce without artificial moisture. This can be supplied, readily, at
comparatively small expense, as the county is traversed by streams which
flow from the "Divide," northward, to the Platte river, of which they are
tributaries. Principal among these are Plum, Cherry, Terrapin, Kiowa,
Bijou and Beaver creeks. The bottom lands along these are, like those of
all Colorado streams, exceedingly fertile and productive. It is along these
strean^ that the greater portion of the population exists, and Douglas has
no towns or cities of any importance, although her population is considerable.
In addition to the Kansas Pacific railway, the county has the usual good
wagon roads peculiar to Colorado; and these, combined, afford every facility
tor reaching all parts of the county and adjoining sections, and ample means
tor the transportation of her products to eastern and western markets.
1 he altitude of the county is between 3,500 and 8,000 feet above sea-
level, and the climate, like that of all the plains region, exceedingly healthful.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 65
This undeveloped county oflfers unusual inducements to colonists who
wish to engage in farming or stock raising, and should be carefully examined
by such, before making final choice of location.
LAKE.
This is one of the mining divisions, and one of the largest counties in
Colorado. It lies west of the Rocky Mountains, and has Summit county on
the north, Park and Fremont on the east, Fremont, Saguache and Conejos
counties on the south, and Utah on the west. This vast area, over 16,000
square miles, is walled in on the west and south by the Sierra Madres and
TJncompahgre mountains, and its surface broken by a continuous series of
spurs and ranges, extending from the Rocky Mountains to its western and
northern boundaries. The main southern branch of the Rio Colorado — the
Gunnison river and its tributaries — traverse the county from its eastern and
southern limits to its northwestern corner, and the head waters of the
Arkansas flow along its eastern limits, from the base of Mt. Lincoln, its
northeast look-out tower, about 100 miles, to the canon of that river, near
the foot of South park. It is along this river, and on the head waters of
the Gunnison, that the principal settlements, mining camps and mining
districts are located.
Lake has no continuous extent of level lands, but embraces a series of
valleys and small parks, which contain millions of acres, well adapted to
agricultural industries, and the greater portion of its entire area is suitable
for stock raising, from its mild climate, abundance of water and superior
grasses. Although farming and stock raising have not yet been engaged in
to any extent in Lake county, these will be among its important resources
when it is fully developed and densely populated. This county, with its
millions of acres of valuable timber, agricultural and grazing lands, numer-
ous water-powers, extensive belts of gold lodes, and vast areas of gulch and
placer diggings, has but few inhabitants, and is but partially explored. The
only settlements or improvements of any importance have been created by
gulch mining, mostly along the head waters of the Arkansas, near its source,
and are included in a belt along the eastern limits of the county, commencing
at the base of Mt. Lincoln, and extending south and east along the Arkan-
sas, to the caiion of that river.
The settlement of this region dates back to 1859. and the inhabitants
were more numerous in 1860, 1861, and 1862 than they have been at any
other period in the history of the country. The first settlers were gulch
miners and prospecters, and their operations were conducted mostly in the
following locations, in and about which are all the towns and mining camps
worthy of note in the county. Commencing with the most important gulch
mining district — California gulch — which has been extensively worked, with
large yields of the precious metal, we will enumerate a few of the most
important: Colorado gulch, Iowa gulch, Cache Creek diggings, Georgia bar,
Kelley's bar, Bortchey's gulch. Gold Run gulch, Gibson's gulch, Oregon
gulch. Lake Creek gulch, Lost Canon gulch, and Sacramento flats. There
are many other gulch and placer diggings besides the above named, all on
the tributaries of the Arkansas and head waters of the Gunnison, and quite
a number of lode discoveries, but we have no data concerning them. They
are nearly all included in the following mining districts, some of which were
56 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
or<?anized as- early as 1859: Lake Falls, Westphalian, Independence, Cali-
Ibraia, Sacramento and Adams. As mining enterprises in these districts
are now almost at a stand still, a detailed history of them would not be inter-
esting to the general reader. Their story is about the same as that of every
similar division in Colorado. First, wonderful discoveries of unheard of
treasures; great rush of miners, with great expectations, followed by disap-
pointment and failure — not in finding the precious metal in actual paying
quantities, but in not finding it in anticipated quantities; bad management and
fraudulent speculations, and then almost abandonment — not because gold did
not exist abundantly, but because it took patient and skillful labor to obtain
it. The principal settlements and towns are all in these mining districts,
and though now almost depopulated, formerly numbered their inhabitants
by thousands, which they will do again when proper measures are taken to
develop the actual resources of the county.
The only towns worthy of note are Granite, Dayton and Oro City. Day-
ton is most beautifully located at the head of Twin Lakes, near the main
range. These lakes are the largest bodies of tranquil water in Colorado,
and remarkable for the rare beauty and sublimity of their surrounding
scenery, even in the " Switzerland of America." They are, together, about
two miles in width, and five miles in length, separated by a strip of forest
land, about one-fourth mile in breadth. They give the name to the county,
and tourists, who have visited them, acknowledge all attempts at description
of their wonderful beauty, and the grandeur of the surroundings, as futile.
All lovers of the rare or beautiful in nature, who visit Colorado, should not
fail to witness the Twin Lakes.
This portion of the county is reached by good wagon roads from Fair
Play and other points in Park county, and by trails from Summit. The
roads reaching Lake county from Park county, all pass through South park.
The one from Fair Play to Dayton crosses the Montgomery spur of the
range north of Buffalo peaks, and winds along a tributary of the Platte,
and makes the passage of the mountain at a low point; and on the western
slope follows a tributary of the Arkansas. This route is available at all
seasons, and with further improvements in the present road, would admit of
the passage of heavily laden wagons, without difficulty. The best route,
however, is that via Canon City and the Colorado salt works, across the
range south of Buffalo peaks, where the elevation of the pass is not more
than 600 feet above South park. The passage of the range, at either of
these points, presents no barrier to railroad communication, and when Lake
county's resources are taken advantage of fully, the iron track will connect
her with the plains; and, without doubt, that time is not remote.
The lode mines of Lake present similar features to those of the western
slopes of the range, and no doubt equal, and perhaps surpass them in rich-
ness and extent; but, as before stated, they have not yet been operated to
any extent. It is impossible, from entire absence of data, to give any
approximate estimate of the amount of gold taken from the placer and
gulch diggings of Lake county, but it has been considerable, and still her
gulches and placers have only received partial development, and but little is
known of their great extent and value. Altogether, this vast area of all
sorts of mineral, grazing and farming, and timber lands, belongs mostly to
luture explorers and settlers, and will hereafter afford the historian ample
material lor statistics and observations. At present we can only record the
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 57
great natural advantages of the county, and dwell upon her wonderful system
of rivers, mountains and valleys, and the endless variety of geological forma-
tions, strata and fossils, which present themselves everywhere.
FREMONT COUNTY
Lies immediately west of Pueblo county, the Arkansas river passing directly
through it. It contains some beautiful and fertile valleys, but is chiefly
broken and mountainous in its outline. It contains a population of about
1,200. The now somewhat fiimous Wet Mountain valley, of German Colony
fame, lies partly in this county. Not so well adapted for agricultural pur-
poses or for grazing as many other less broken counties, yet the valleys are
very fertile, well watered, and the whole county is well supplied with a very
superior quality of bituminous coal — probably the only true coal in the Ter-
ritory— as shown in our chapter on Geology. Petroleum oil has also been
discovered in large quantities. Gypsum, marble and alum are among its
mineral productions. Canon City is the chief town and county seat, and
contains a rapidly increasing population of about 800. It is named from
the canon of the Arkansas, which has here cut its way through the rocky
barriers, and passes out to the plain through a deep canon, nearly eight miles
in length.
''Like a steed, in frantic fit,
Tliat flings the I'rotli from curb and bit,
The river chafes its waves to spray
O'er every rock tl>at bars its way,
Till foam globes on its eddies ride
Thick as the schemes of human pride."
The United States penitentiary for Colorado is located here.
HUERFANO
This county lies immediately south of Pueblo county, having Bent county
on the east. Las Animas on the south, and Fremont on the west. It is named
from the Huerfano river, which passes through it, and which, with its tributa-
ries, the Cucharas and Apache, forms a stretch of sixty miles of exceedingly
fertile valley land. It has a population of over 2.500, about one-half Ameri-
cans and the other half Mexicans, or of Spanish-Mexican descent.
Stock raising is the principal interest in this county, its grazing capacities
being almost unlimited. Cattle and sheep are raised by thousands every
year, and the business is highly remunerative. Agriculture is by no means
neglected, the numerous valleys being adapted to the production of the vari-
ous cereals in the greatest perfection. Corn, in particular, grows with great
luxuriance in Huerfano, and thousands of bushels are produced annually,
with very little outlay of husbandry. In the mountainous portion of the
county, the precious metals exist, but not in such quantities as to make
mining more profitable than agriculture, and they are accordingly neglected.
COSTILLA.
This county is located chiefly in the beautiful San Luis park, and on the
east side of the Rio Grande del Norte river. The population consists chiefly
of Mexicans, or Spanish-Mexicans, who do not speak English. The settle-
ments are scattered along the Costilla, Culebra, Ute, Trinchera, and Sangre
de Cristo creeks, and the principal industry is stock raising. Sheep, horses,
58 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Croats cattle and asses are reared extensively. The people are, for the most
part Catholics, and every little town has its church, located on the principal
plaza. The houses are usually built of adobe, or sun-dried brick, and not
more than one story high.
The population is variously estimated at from 2,000 to 3,000, although
the recent census returns less than 2,000. Fort Garland is in this county,
and is a prominent frontier post of the government. The principal town
and county seat is Costilla, situated on the Rio Costilla, a tributary of the
Rio Grande. It claims a population of 1,000. San Luis is a thriving town
of 700 inhabitants, and was formerly the county seat. It is on the Culebra
river.
CONEJOS.
This county, lying west of the Rio Grande river, contains a population
of over 2,500, chiefly Mexicans and half-breeds. Owing to its somewhat
isolated position, the resources of this county are comparatively little known.
It contains a large area of well watered and arable land, but the class of
inhabitants settled within its borders are not particularly noted for enterprise
or thrift; hence very little has ever been accomplished in the way of devel-
opment. The inhabitants live in adobe houses, grouped here and there into
little plazas, or villages, for purposes of protection from hostile bands of
Indians, as well as for social reasons.
Wheat is the principal crop raised, and wool-growing the chief industry.
In the mountain portions of the county the precious metals exist in greater
or less quantities, but mining is not engaged in to any extent. Gypsum is
found in abundance in various places in the county, and the native inhabit-
ants use this substance largely in whitewashing their adobe buildings.
Guadalupe is the county seat, and principal, town. It is located on the
Conejos river, about twenty miles above its junction with the Rio Grande.
The other villages, or plazas, are San Margarita, Rinsones, San Jose, San
Raphael, San Antonio, Pinos, Conejos, Guadaloupita, Tirvietta, and Hilaris.
Conejos is one of the largest counties in Colorado, containing over 11,000
square miles of territory, enough to make several States as large as Rhode
Island; but it is very much bnoken by mountains, and much of it yet unex-
plored. It occupies the southwestern corner of the Territory, its western
half being included in the Consolidated Reservation of the Ute Indians, and
therefore forbidden ground to all white men. The time is not far distant
when this interesting region, with its beautiful climate and rich grazing lands,
will attract more attention than it has yet done.
SAGUACHE.
Saguache county is bounded north by Lake; east by Fremont and Huer-
fano; south by Conejos, and west by Lake. It occupies the northern
extremity of the beautiful San Luis park, which, now that a portion of it
has been sold to Europeans by ex-Governor Gilpin for $2,500,000, bids fair
to come into much more general notice. As yet, it is the most sparsely
settled county in the Territory. It is a fertile and finely watered region, and
ofi"ers inducements to stock raisers and farmers, elsewhere unequalled. Its
valleys are great natural meadows, covered with the richest vegetation, and
Its table lands afford the finest natural pasture lands in the world. The
mountain scenery, hemming it in on three sides, is grand in the extreme.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 59
Near the centre of the county is the Saguache lake, from which it is named,
and which is certainly a most remarkable sheet of water. Its waters ebb
and flow with the regularity of the tides, and yet it is a comparatively small
body of water, measuring but twenty-four miles in length, and not more than
ten in width at the widest part. When at low ebb it is scarcely more than
an ordinary swamp; while at full tide it has considerable depth. Some
observers have attempted to show a similarity between its waters and those
of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, and there is a crazy theory afloat that there
is a subterranean communication between the two !
The population of Saguache, chiefly adventurous Americans, with their
herds of cattle and flocks of sheep, numbers between 300 and 400. A few
are engaged in cultivating vegetables and the cereals, and find ready market
for their produce in the mining settlements along the upper Arkansas, etc.
It is a beautiful county, and cannot fail to be densely populated at no dis-
tant day.
BENT COUNTY
Lies on both sides of the Arkansas, extending from Pueblo on the west, to
the Kansas state line on the east, and from Greenwood on the north, to Las
Animas on the south. It is a large county, but sparsely settled, and contain-
ing but one or two posts of any importance. It is named after Col. Bent,
whose "Old Fort" is still a landmark in this region, and for an account of
whose trapping and exploring expeditions, see chapter on Early History.
Las Animas City, opposite Fort Lyon, and near the mouth of the Las
Animas or Purgatoire river, is the principal town, and bids fair to become a
point of some commercial importance. Boggsville is the county seat of Bent,
but is a place of, as yet, but little importance. Except along the immediate
valley of the Arkansas, the lands of this county are only adapted for grazing
purposes, there being no facilities for irrigation. The population of this
county is about 600 or 700.
GREENWOOD.
This county stretches from El Paso on the west, to the Kansas line on
the east, and lies between Douglas on the north, and Bent on the south.
The Kansas Pacific railway passes through it from east to west. Its surface
is similar to that of the northern portion of Bent. It is, in fact, situated in
the heart of the "Plains." It has no genuine running streams; abounds in
bufi'alo grass and cactus, and possesses little interest, as yet, to the agricul-
turist. In time irrigation, by means of artesian wells, may demonstrate that
its soil is little inferior to that of more favored sections. For the present,
there are plenty of more desirable lands to be had for the asking.
Kit Carson, on the Kansas Pacific railway, is the county seat, and with
the exception of one or two small stations, the only town in the county.
The population of Greenwood is not far from 600.
PUEBLO.
This valley county lies on each side of the Arkansas river, and is
bounded, north, by El Paso; east, by Bent and a corner of Greenwood;
south, by Huerfano; and west, by Fremont. It is one of the finest agri-
cultural counties in Colorado — containing over 1,200 square miles of exceed-
ingly fertile land, and including, within its borders, several of the richest
60 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTOKY
valleys yet brought under the hand of the husbaudman, west of the Missis-
sippi. The numerous tributaries of the Arkansas— principal of which are
the Fontaine qui Bouille, St. Charles, Chico and Greenhorn— cut up this
county into a series of valleys, with intervening mesa or table-lands, most
of which can be easily irrigated. These undulated uplands form excellent
natural pastures, all the year round, for stock, while the valleys^ are readily
cultivated, and yield immense crops of vegetables and grain. Eastern and
Northern travelers here first meet with those large ranches, so common
further south, on which native Mexicans are employed to perform all the
the labor. Some of these farms contain several thousand acres, and, in
several instances, fifteen hundred acres are in cultivation on a single ranch.
The Mexican laborers occupy these lands as tenants, and, in case of the
larger farms, are so numerous as to constitute, each, a hamlet of several
hundred souls.
The county contains a population of over three thousand, and is
rapidly increasing. Agriculture and stock raising are the chief pursuits,
and both yield large returns to the industrious husbandman. Stock raising
has recently been attracting more attention than farming, and may now be
fairly stated as the leading pursuit of this county. The vast mesas lying
between the streams furnish pasturage for more cattle and sheep than it will
be possible to produce for many years to come.
There are two military posts in Pueblo county — Fort Reynolds, at the
junction of the Huerfano and Arkansas, and Fort Lyon, near the mouth of
the Purgatoire or Las Animas.
Water-power abounds along the various streams, and will, some day, form
an important element in the industries of the Arkansas valley.
The chief town of any importance in the county is Pueblo, which is the
county seat, and is beautifully situated on the Arkansas, just above the
mouth of the Fontaine qui Bouille. Pueblo has long been known as a dis-
tributing centre for the Mexican trade, and a rendezvous for the various
stage lines traversing Southern Colorado. It is a thriving town of nearly
1,000 inhabitants, and, next to Denver, is growing more rapidly than any
other town in the Territory. Already it possesses good schools, several fine
churches, and numerous elegant private residences. The Colorado Chieftain^
a weekly newspaper, is published here, and merits the praise of having made
itself decidedly the best local paper in Colorado.
The following exhibit is an approximate statement of the business of
Pueblo for 1870:
Value of merchandise sold $500,000
Bushels of grain sold 260 000
Sacks of flour sold 13 qoq
Feet of lumber sold \ 500 000
Value of goods manufactured— tinware, harness and saddlery, boots and
shoes, furniture, and agricultural implements $70,000
Number of pounds of freight received 2,'20o'oon
Amount paid for freight '$'J2!oOO
Cash receipts of hotels .55 000
Cash receipts of stage, offices for passenger and express fare 5o',000
When this county shall possess an outlet by rail — which it will shortly
have, either by direct connection with the Kansas Pacific at Bent's Fort or
Kit Carson, or by means of the Denver and Santa Fe line, which is now
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 61
being graded and is expected to reach Colorado City during the coming
season — its trade and prosperity will increase a hundred fold.
LAS ANIMAS COUNTY
Lies along the southern boundary of Colorado, and takes its name from the
principal stream running through it — the Las Animas, or Purgatoire (some-
times vulgarized into '• Picketwire").
The Las Animas ("The Spirits") valley forms one of the most magnifi-
cent tracts of farming land in Colorado, while the mesas or table-lands, out-
lying, furnish unequaled grazing grounds for thousands of cattle and sheep.
Tts population cannot fall short of 5,000, the official canvass in June, 1870,
registering 4,276 names in the county.
Trinidad is the county seat and principal town. It is situated on the
Las Animas, but a few miles north of the territorial line, and is the centre
of a large trade from New 3Iexico and the celebrated Moreno mines. The
place contains a population of nearly 1,200, largely composed of people of
Spanish and 3Iexican descent.
EL PASO.
This county lies immediately south of Douglas, below the great " Divide."
It has Greenwood on the east, Pueblo on the south, and Park county on the
west of it. Pike's peak is located in this county; also, the celebrated soda
springs, first described by Fremont in his account of explorations in 1843-4,
and the equally famous "Garden of the Gods." The country, as a whole, is
beautifully diversified with mountain, plain and valley. The dashing Fon-
taine qui Bouille leaves the mountains at the base of Pike's peak, and runs
southward through the whole breadth of the county. Its valley is very
fertile, and has been somewhat thickly settled along its whole extent.
The county contains nearly 1,500 people, chiefly engaged in farming and
stock raising.
In the northern portion of the county lies the beautiful valley of Monu-
ment creek, named from the natural curiosities of rock scattered along its
banks.
Colorado City is the county seat, and only town of importance in the
county.
The following concerning Southern Colorado, contributed by that famous
"prospector," Dick Irwin, will be found quite interesting:
"The southwestern portion of Colorado furnishes the theme of many a
camp-fire story. ^Twas here that Bill Williams was killed, in 1850, by the
Utes, near the dead camp of Fremont's expedition of 1849. General Kit
Carson made himself famous by exploits in this region, and died, a few years
ago, at Fort Garland. Ruinsof Aztec towns are found in many places. Tra-
dition says the civilized Indians abandoned their cities, rushed to the rescue,
over 200 years ago, when Cortez beseiged Mexico, and Montezuma called to
his assistance the worshipers of the sun; and the faithful went to fighl for
their God. Some of those ancient buildings, situated on the high mesa of the
Colorado of the West, contain as many as 300 small rooms, and are yet in an
excellent state of preservation. Most of these are built of cedar, well fitted
62 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
and plastered, but some are made of stone, and many have cellars. The Pagosa
hot springs, on the San Juan, are a remarkable natural curiosity, and the
■waters are said to possess wonderful medicinal properties. Hot springs are
found in other localities. This section of Colorado has been the ' stamping
ground' of many an old trapper and explorer, and quite a number of them
lie yet where they died, unburied. Camp-fire tales, that warm ambition or
freeze the blood with terror — tales founded on fact, with Kit Carson, the
Bents, St. Vrain, Bill Williams, Col. Pfieffer, the Autobeas, Roubideaux,
and other old mountaineers, as central figures; or Indian and Mexican
atrocities, the Ute and Navajo wars, the Taos massacre, and the fiendish
Espinosas — all have additional interest when told near the scene of their
enactment. Most of the heroic band of old mountaineers have passed away.
Many of them, after carrying life recklessly through the troubles incident
to a change of government and continual war with 'our red brethren,'
settled down to civilized life, ranching, and Mexican wives. None of
them ever went back to the States. Col. St. Vrain lives in Taos. Tom
Tobin (or Autobeas) has a ranch on the Trenchera, near Fort Garland;
his brother Charley lives on the Huerfano, and both are extensively engaged
in stock raising. 'Old Col. Pfieffer' (not yet quite forty-five) wanders,
almost alone, among the scenes of his warfare and the graves of his com-
rades. He was a careless boy, fresh from the military institute in Stock-
holm, Sweden, when he first came to the far west, in 1847. He was always
noted for his cool daring, and soon was distinguished as a good Indian
fighter. He took an active part in the long series of wars with the Coman-
ches. Apaches, Utes and Navajos, that have kept back progress in New
Mexico, Arizona and Colorado, and are not quite over yet. He was lieuten-
ant-colonel under General Kit Carson, during the Navajo campaigns of
1863-4-5-6, when 11,000 of those 'lords of New Mexico,' who called the
Mexicans their herders, were compelled to surrender to a small force, mostly
volunteers, and were removed from the San Juan country to the Basque
Redondo Military Reservation. Many wild stories are told of his exploits.
On one occasion, in Santa Fe, he wrapped a 'serape' around his head, and
went into a store that was on fire, and brought out two kegs of powder that
were charred and blazing. At another time, with a knife in his right hand,
he killed a grizzly bear that was chewing up his left arm. He fought a
duel, once, with two Capote Indians. The weapons were camp-knives. He
killed them both, though badly used up himself When the Apaches killed
his wife and children, at the Ojo del Muerte (Spring of the Dead), in 1863,
he was shot through both legs. In fact, there is hardly room for a fresh
cut or bullet hole on his body; and still he lives, but lives unhappy. Since
his family were killed his only pleasure has been revenge. It was a bad day
for the Apaches when they killed old Pfieffer's family. He made several
trips, alone, into their country, staying, sometimes for months, and always
seemed pleased, for a few days, on his return. If there was no party going
his way, in a few weeks he was off again, with his horse and trusty rifle.
He was always accompanied by about half a dozen wolves, in the Apache
country. 'They like me,' he said, once, 'because they're fond of dead
Indian, and I feed them well.' Col. Pfieffer, when not out in the mountains,
makes his home at Fort Garland and Conejos. He, too, will soon be gone."
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 63
LARIMER.
This county Las Wyoming Territory on the north, Weld county on the
east, Weld and Boulder counties on the south, and Summit county on the
west. The western portion of Larimer is extremely mountainous, and
embraces the eastern declivities and numerous spurs of the main range, from
Long's peak north to the northern boundary of the Territory, and also the
foot-hills. These latter are broken through at many points by mountain
torrents, where deep cartons are formed, which add much to the ruggedness
and inaccessibility of this portion of Colorado. In this mountainous portion
excellent pine timber is abundant, and available streams for water-powers
are plentiful. Among these is the Cache-a-la-Poudre, a considerable and
remarkably beautiful branch of the south Platte river.
The eastern part of the county presents the undulating surface peculiar
to that portion of the plains which lies along the foot-hills, and is exceedingly
well adapted to agricultural pursuits.
As yet mineral deposits of no great value have been discovered in
Larimer, although the mountains in this region may be traversed with fissure
veins and mineral belts that may enrich future prospectors and miners.
Laporte, a beautiful village on the Cache-a-la-Poudre, in the eastern cen-
tral portion of the county, is the principal town. The unusual beauty of the
scenery surrounding this town, and the healthfulness of the location, make it
a very pleasant place of summer resort for tourists. The manufacture of
lumber from the pine forests, and farming, are the principal industries of
Larimer county.
WELD.
This county lies entirely in the plains division and forms the north-
eastern corner of Colorado. It has Wyoming and Nebraska on the north,
Nebraska on the east, Arapahoe county on the south, and Boulder and
Larimer counties on the west. Although exclusively on the plains, the
surface of Weld county is beautifully diversified with valleys and ridges, and
the greater portion covered with grasses and other vegetation. But few
forest trees are to be found ^ but extensive coal beds exist. These supply
ample fuel for all domestic and manufacturing purposes, and when fully
developed will become a source of wealth to the county. Iron ores abound
in the western portion, but, from the absence of smelting works, are valueless
at present. The leading interests of Weld, however, will always be agricul-
ture. So much has been said in this work concerning the richness of the
soil of the valley lands of Colorado, that we need only state here that the
Platte river and many of its tributaries traverse the county ; this
establishes the fact that farming and stock raising will always be paying
industries in this division of the Territory. Already many thousands of acres
of excellent lands are under cultivation, which produce largely ; and vast
herds of fat cattle graze upon the succulent grasses in the valleys and upon
the ridges.
One of the largest settlements in this county is the Union Colony at
Greeley, which receives appropriate notice elsewhere.
Although Weld is one of the best watered of the plains counties, still
irrigation is necessary everywhere, and facilities for this abundant, except in
64
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
the southeastern portion of the county, which presents but few inducements
to agriculturists. This arid portion of the county is like the balance of the
plains, covered with nutritious grasses, but the absence of moisture makes
it almost uninhabitable.
The entire county, from north to south, is traversed by the Denver Pacific
railway. Along the lines of this road are the best agricultural lands and the
largest towns in the county — Greeley and Evans being the principal.
The following official statement does not represent fairly the number of
inhabitants or total propertv valuation of Colorado, as there has been an
unprecedented increase of population by immigration during the last portion
of the past year and the first of the present, and proportionate increase of
taxable property; and all this since the compilation of this table. Another
matter to be considered is mining property — except a certain class of
improvements, buildings, etc., — is not subject to taxation.
Arapahoe ....
Bent
Boulder
Clear Creek.
Conejos
Costilla
Douglas
El Paso
Fremont
Gilpin
Greenwood ...
Huerfano
Jefferson
Lake
Larimer
Las Animas..,
Park
Pueblo
Saguache ....
Summit
Weld
COUNTY SEAT.
Denver
Boggsville
Boulder City..
Idaho
Guadalupe
Costilla ,
Frankstown...
Colorado City.
Caiion Citj'
Central City..
Kit Carson
Ba.lito
Golden City....
Dayton
Laporte
Trinidad
Fair Play
Pueblo ,
Saguache
Breckinridge ..
Popula-
tiuii.
6,829
592
1,939
1,596
2,479
1,779
1,388
987
1,064
5,493
510
2.250
2,390
522
838
4.276
447
2,265
304
258
l.'iSO
Total I 39,842
Acres in Cul-
tivation.
Total Proprrty
A'aluatiuii.
65,988
320
50,378
1.549
No return
3,727
37.434
60,019
12,915
9,597
No return
17,400
102,392
3,142
13,119
18,502
1,125
19,639
1,260
No return
53,133
S4,731
351,
1,121,
1,100,
205,
118,
574,
524,
375,
2.737,
446,
324,
1,034,
172,
332.
457,
175,
857,
129,
123,
854,
,830 00
,248 50
,972 00
,112 25
,702 60
,0G2 00
,397 00
,965 84
,950 00
,431 00
,924 00
,932 00
,738 50
917 00
510 00
932 00
559 00
811 00
653 00
920 31
381 00
478,239 16,752,954 50
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 65
GEOLOGY.
The province of geology is to investigate tlie formations of the globe,
and the various revolutions which have changed its surface; to define the
causes, and determine the conditions under which metals, minerals, rocks,
fossils and soils are developed and discovered; to classify the phenomena of
creation, and define periods, and describe landmarks in, and boundaries to,
the terrestial works of creative nature; to show how the Infinite has grad-
ually clustered on the surface of this sphere, and stored within its deep,
rocky recesses, all that is essential to the development and sustenance of the
higher order of animal life, and enacted laws and prescribed rules by which
that superior intelligence — reason — can make these conducive to the well-
being and happiness of man.
The geologist measures time by the same meter with which infinity is
scanned. He reads on tHe surface of rocks, fossils and minerals the histo-
ries of myriads of years, and records these intelligibly. He forges kej's to
unlock the vaults in which are stored the richest treasures of the universe,
and furnishes duplicates to every intelligent being. He dives beneath the
waters of oceans, and explores the deepest caverns of earth in search of
germs of scientific truth, which, under his skillful touch, expand to beau-
tiful flowers and rich fruits of useful knowledge; and nowhere can he find a
riper field for explorations than in this Territory. The beds of rivers and
smaller streams, the plains, valleys, parks, and cafions, the "Divide," the
foot-hills, and mountain ranges, furnish specimens of nearly every known
variety of rock, strata, mineral and fossil, from those of the azoic period
to the present era.
The scope of this work, however, will only admit of a brief compila-
tion from a recent survey, that of Prof. ¥. V. Hayden, United States
geologist, made in the summer and fall of 1869, and extracts from an able
chapter on tlte " Geology and Geological History of Colorado," prepared by
Prof. Wm. Denton, of Boston, and published in O. J. Hollister's comprehen-
sive work on the mines of Colorado. The following extracts are from Prof.
Hayden's preliminary field report, as his full report of his important survey
is not yet before the public; also, from Prof. Persifor Frazer's report of his
examination of the mines and minerals of the mining districts of Colorado,
made under direction of Prof. Hayden, and published with his preliminary
report. For convenience, we will divide the Territory into three grand
divisions. The first — the plains to the base of the foot-hills. Second — the
foot-hills and the main range, and its spurs. Third — the mountains, valleys
and parks west of the range. In the first division will be included the
"Divide," between the waters of the Platte and Arkansas. In the second.
South park, which is east of the main range.
From Prof. Hayden's report we make the following extracts, which define
the formations which present themselves in the northern portion of the first
division. The first extracts are made from a portion of his journal which
describes the geological features of the country between Cheyenne and
Laporte, on the Cache-a-la-Poudre, a distance of about forty miles :
"The distance from Cheyenne to Laporte, on the Cache-a-la-Poudre, is
forty miles. The tertiary pudding-stone beds extend along the immediate
flanks of the mountmins for twenty-five miles, but disappear from the plains
within ten or fifteen miles of Laporte.
3
66 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
"I have estimated their entire thickness here at from 1,200 to 1,500
feet. The high hills, near the station, are capped with coarse sandstone, with
horizontal strata, and are 800 feet above the bed of the creek that flows near
their base. From beneath these recent beds arise the more somber-hued
beds of the lignite tertiary. We have then broad grassy plains, dotted here
and there with buttes, like truncated cones, and long narrow belts of table-
lands, with perfectly plain surfaces to the eye from a distance. Why these
more modern tertiary beds are so persistent along the immediate sides of the
mountains, but have been entirely swept away tea miles to the eastward, I
cannot tell. This narrow belt, about ten or fifteen miles wide, extending up
to the granite rocks, and for the most part concealing all the intermediate
rocks, forms a sort of bench, with a gently ascending grade for the Union
Pacific railroad."
We omit Prof. Hayden's description of the coal beds that lie about
twenty miles south of Cheyenne, but quote fully from the matter which fol-
lows, so as to give the reader a correct understanding of the geological fea-
tures of this region.
"Near Park station, about twelve miles north of Cache-a-la-Poudre, the
upheaved ridges begin to spread out, revealing very clearly, to the scrutiny
of the geologist, all the sedimentary rocks, to the tertiary, inclusive. Com-
mencing in the plains, about ten miles east of the margin of the mountains,
we find a series of gently inclined tertiary sandstones, dipping from 5° to
10°. Then come the complete series of cretaceous strata in their order,
inclining from 20° to 35°. Underneath the ridge, capped with the sand-
stone No. 1, is a thin belt of ashen-gray marls and arenaceous marls, with
one or two layers, two to four feet thick, of hard blue limestone, which I
regard as of Jurassic age. These pass down into light reddish, loose arena-
ceous sediments. Further toward the mountains come one to three ridges
of brick-red sandstone, and loose, red sandy layers, sometimes variegated.
Close to the mai-gin of the mountains, sometimes forming the inside ridge,
is a bed of whitish limestone, underlaid by dull purplish sandstone and
pudding-stones, which are probably of carboniferous age. These beds dip
at various angles, from 30° to 60°, and, as far I can determine, conform
generally to the inclination of the metamorphic rocks which compose the
mountain nucleus.
" The opening in the foot-hills of the mountains, through which Box
Elder creek flows, exhibits the red beds and Jurassic in full development.
The whitish-gray sandstones, which lie- between the red beds and the well-
marked cretaceous strata, contribute much toward giving sharpness of outline
to the hills, and the broken masses of rock from this bed are scattered over
their sides.
" The valley of the Box Elder is very beautiful, and, like the valleys of
most of the little streams here, makes its way through the ridges and flanks
of the mountains, nearly at right angles to the trend of the strata.
"All these ridges, or 'hog-backs,' as they are called by the settlers of
the country, vary much in the angle of dip. It not unfrequently occurs
that the outer and more recent ridges incline at a very high angle, or stand
nearly vertical; and there are many examples where they have been tipped
several degrees past verticality; while the inner sandstone ridges, lying
almost agamst the metamorphic rocks, incline at a small angle, or are nearly f
horizontal; and again this maybe reversed. These mountain valleys are '
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 67
not only beautiful, but they are covered with excellent grass, making the
finest pasture grounds for stock in the world. The animals are so sheltered,
by the lofty rock-walls on each side, that they remain all winter in good
condition, without any further provision for them.
" The Box Elder separates into two branches in the foot-hills, and between
the forks there is a large circular cone, with nearly horizontal strata of the
7ed beds. A section, ascending, would be as follows:
"1. Brick-red sandstone, with irregular laminae, and all the usual signs
of currents or shallow water. Some of the layers are more loosely laminated
than others, thus causing projecting portions — 300 to 400 feet.
" 2. The red sandstone passes up into a yellow or reddish-yellow sand-
itone, massive — 60 feet.
'"3. Passing up into a bed of grayish-yellow rather massive sandstone^
50 feet.
" 4. Ashen-brown nodular or indurated clay, with deep, dull purple
bands; with some layers of brown and yellow fine-grained sandstone,
undoubtedly the usual Jurassic beds, with all the lithological characters, as
seen near Lake Como, on the Union Pacific railroad — 150 to 200 feet.
"Near the base of these beds are thin layers of a fine-grained grayish
calcareous sandstone, with a species of Ostrea and fragments of Pentacrinus
asteriscus. Scattered through this bed are layers or nodules of impure lime-
etone.
" 5. Above this marly clay there is at least 200 feet of sandstone and
laminated arenaceous material, varying in color from a dirty brown to grayish-
white, with layers of fine grayish-white sandstone.
" We have, also, in this vicinity, an illustration of the difference of incli-
nation in the same series of upheaved ridges. In the plains, some of the
lower lignite tertiary beds and cretaceous No. 5 stand nearly vertical, or 85°
east. No. 4 fills the intervening valley with its dark shale, and the next
ridge west — cretaceous No. 3 — inclines 36°. Then come the Jurassic beds,
capped with the sandstones of No. 1, inclining 8°. Then comes a series of
red beds, dipping 1° to 3°. The inner ridge, or "hog-back," is the largest
of all — 150 to 200 feet high — is partly covered on the east, or sloping side,
with the loose red send of the triassic; and on the west, or abrupt side, is
revealed a considerable thickness of limestone, which I suppose to be of car-
boniferous age. This ridge is remarkably furrowed on the eastern slope by
streams, but is too high up on the mountain side to be divided, by the cur-
rents, into the peculiar conical fragments, as the lower ridges are. And
hence it presents an almost unbroken flank for miles. There is no better
exhibition of the sedimentary rocks, with all their peculiar characteristics
and irregularities, than from the head of Box Elder creek to Cache-a-la-
Poudre, where the belt of upheaved sedimentary rocks varies from five to
fifteen miles in width. .
" Inside of the sedimentary ridges are the metamorphic rocks, mostly red
feldspathic granites, disintegrating readily, and easily detected by the eye, at
a distance, by their style of weathering. Still further westward are the
lofty snow-capped ranges, whose eternal snows form the sources of the per-
manent streams of the country.
"It seems clear to me that the more recent sedimentary formations, up
to the lignite tertiary, inclusive, once extended over the whole country.
Perhaps no finer locality exists in the West for the careful study of the
68 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
different sedimentary formations, and their relations to the metamorphic
rocks, than along the overland stage road from Laijfcmie to Denver.
" Before reaching Laporte, the road passes, for twenty miles or more,
through ridge after ridge, remarkably well exposed. After emerging from
the mountains eastward, it runs south for four or five miles along the creta-
ceous beds, with their upturned edges on the east side, and the Jurassic and
triassic (?) on the west, forming a slope much like the roof of a house.
The valley between the two ridges, through which the road runs, is a beau-
tiful one.
" South of Big Thompson creek, the belt of upheaved ridges, or un-
changed rocks, becomes quite narrow, and continues so to Denver, and even
beyond.
" The cretaceous rocks in this region, though plain to one who has care-
fully studied them on the Upper Missouri, are not separated into well-marked
divisions. If they had first been studied along the foot of the mountains,
only liom Cheyenne southward, it is very doubtful whether the five distinct
groups of strata would have been made out. The three divisions, upper,
middle, and lower cretaceous, are more natural south of the North Platte,
inasmuch as Nos. 2, 3, 4 and 5 pass into each other by imperceptible gra-
dations. Though very few organic remains are observed in them, yet I have
never found the slightest difl&culty in detecting the different divisions, at a
glance, by their lithological characters; but I find it quite impossible to draw
any line of separation that will be permanent. Quite marked changes occur
in the sediments of these divisions in different parts of the West ; but, by
following them continuously in every direction, from their typical appear-
ance on the Upper Missouri, the changes are so gradual that I have never
lost sight of them for a mile, unless concealed by more recent deposits.
" As I have before stated, I regard the group of sandstones, which are
always found between well-defined cretaceous No. 2 and the Jurassic beds, as
No. 1, or transition. No. 2 is certainly well shown, with many of its features,
but is a black shale, often arenaceous, containing many layers of sandstone,
with some concretions; but so gradually passing up into No. 3, that it is
quite impossible to separate the two. Only in thin portions of either Nos.
2 or 3 do we find any resemblance to the same groups as shown on the Upper
Missouri. No. 3 is a thinly-laminated yellow chalky shale, with some layers
of gray, rather chalky limestone, always containing an abundance of Inoce-
ramus, doubtless /. problematicus, and Ostrea congesta. Remains of fishes
are almost always found in the dark shales of No. 2. The black shales of
No. 4 are quite conspicuous and well marked, and have been quite thoroughly
prospected for coal, but to no purpose. These black shales pass gradually up
mto yellow rusty arenaceous clays, which characterize No. 5 ; and No. 5
passes up into the lignite tertiary beds, where they can be seen in contact,
without any well-defined line of separation, that I could ever discover. But
few species of fossils are found in Nos. 4 and 5 in their southern extension,
but BaculUes ovatus and several species of Inoceramus Ammonites, etc., are
common. ^ Another feature is well marked here, and that is, there are no
beds that indicate long periods of quiet deposition of the sediments. Nearly
all the sediments indicate either comparatively shallow water or currents
more or less rapid.
" Sometimes a single ridge will include all the beds of one formation, or
even those of two or three. I have often seen the sandstones of No. 1, the
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 69
Jurassic, aad a portion of the triassic included in one ridge and the adjoining
valley. Again, a single formation ■will be split up into two or more ridges.
" On the Cache-a-la-Poudre, about a mile above Laporte, on the south
side of the river, the sandstones of No. 1 are separated into four successive
ridges, inclining, respectively, 18°, 21°, 35° and 46° about southeast.
Much of this sandstone is a fine-grained grayish-white and rusty yellow
color, sometimes concretionary, or like indurated mud. Here all the divis-
ions of the cretaceous extend eastward in low ridges, until they die out in
the plains, or are concealed by the overlying tertiary. Along the Cache-a-
la-Poudre and its branches is a series x>f terraces, which are quite uniform.
" This valley is one of the most lertile in Colorado. The present year
there has been so much rain that irrigation has been unnecessary. The bot-
tom lands are about two miles wide, and thickly settled from mouth to
source. The grass is unusually fine this year, everywhere.
" In company with Dr. Smith, of Laporte, I visited the supposed gold
and copper mines at or near the sources of the Cache-a-la-Poudre river.
This stream makes its way through what might be called a monoclinal
rift, or between two ridges, whether of changed or unchanged rocks,
which incline in the same direction. We ascend to the axis of the main
Rocky Mountain range by a series of step-like ridges, each one inclining in
the same general direction at some angle, with their counterparts on the
opposite side of the main axis. Speaking of these ridges, locally, I have
called them in this report monoclinal, from the fact that, as a rule, their
counterparts, although they have once existed on the west side of the range,
are in most cases swept away. We passed up a beautiful valley, with the
red beds on our left and a few remnants of the red beds and metamorphic
rocks on our right, for about fifteen miles. We then came to the red feld-
spathic granites, in which the mineral lodes are located. We first examined
a local vein of black rock, in which hornblende predominates. It contains
some mica and iron, so that it might be called a local outcrop of black horn-
blende syenite. Masses ©f it have a rusty look, from the decomposition of the
iron in the rock, and sometimes it is covered with an incrustation of common
salt or potash. Iron, in some form, is one of the prominent constituents of all
the rocks of this region, changed or unchanged. So far as I could deter-
mine, the inclination of the metamorphic rocks is in the same direction as
the sedimentary. I have assumed the position that all the rocks of the
West are, or were, stratified, and that, where no line of stratification can be
seen, as in some of the massive granites, they have been obliterated by heat
during their metamorphism. Therefore, all the metamorphic rocks, whether
stratified or massive, that form the nucleus of the Rocky Mountains, must
have some angle of dip equal with the sedimentary rocks. In many cases I
have to be guided by the intercalated beds of mica or talcose slates. I am
of the opinion that there are anticlinals and synclinals among the metamor-
phic rocks of this region, and that the mountain valleys are thus formed, for
the most part.
" We examined a number of lodes, which were moderately rich in copper.
All the lodes have a trend about northeast and southwest, and are two to
four feet wide, with well-defined walls. Much of the gangue rock is spongy,
like slag, owing to the decomposition of iron pyrites; and there are large
masses of the casts of cubes, evidently cubes of iron pyrites. Our examina-
tions were not very thoroTxgh, but I was not very favorably impressed with the
•
70 . ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
district as a rich mineral region. Some of the copper mines, at some future
day, may yield a fair return; but it will be many years before the country
will be built up by its mineral wealth.
"Our route to-day was along the flanks of the mountains, from Cache-
a-la-Poudre to Big Thompson creek. Lying over the red beds, and
appearing to form a dividing line between the red beds and the ashen-gray
marly clays above, is a well defined bed of bluish semi-crystalline limestone,
two to four feet thick, somewhat cherty, though susceptible of a high polish,
too brittle and liable to fracture in any direction to be valuable for orna.
mental purposes — probably useful fo| lime only. I regard this as of
Jurassic age, although I was unable to find in it any well-marked organic
remains. The same bed occurs in the Laramie plains, where it contains
many fragments of crinoidal stems, which Professor Agassiz referred to the
well known Jurassic genus Apwonnites.
" On the summit of the first main ' hog-back ' is a bed of massive sand-
stone, immense blocks of which have fallen down on the inner side of the
ridge, adding much to the wildness, as well as ruggedness, of the scenery.
These rocks are made up almost entirely of an aggregation of small water-
worn pebbles. The layers of deposition are very irregular, inclining at
various angles. This irregularity in the laminae is a marked feature of this
sandstone. It forms a portion of the group which I have called transition,
or No. 1. They are certainly beds of passage from well-marked cretaceous
to the Jurassic, and the lower portion being, almost invariably, a pudding-
stone, they may well mark the boundary between the two great periods. In
many places along our route this group forms lofty perpendicular escarp-
ments, varying from thirty to sixty feet in height, indicating a considerable
thickness of the massive sandstone. For fifteen miles we can pass along
behind this 'hog-back' ridge parallel with the mountains, through a most
beautiful valley with fine grass, and over an excellent natural road. On our
left are the upturned edges of a ridge capped with No. 1, passing down into
the limestone and ashen marly clays of the Jurassic, with a few feet of the
red sandstone at the base, while the valley, which may be 300 to 500 yards
wide, is composed of the worn edges of the loose red beds of the triassic,
and on our right are the variegated sands and sandstones of the formation.
" South of Cache-a-la-Poudre there seems to be but two principal ridges
between the transition group No. 1 and the metamorphic rocks; although at
times each one of these ridges will split up into a number of subordinate
ridges, which soon merge into the main ridge again. In most cases the inner
ridge includes all the red beds proper, and there is a well-defined valley
between it and the metamorphic rocks, but sometimes the sedimentary beds
flank the immediate sides of the metamorphic ridge. Through these ridges
are openings, made by the little streams which issue from the mountain's
side. Sometimes these openings are cut deep through to the water-level,
and, at other times, for only a few feet from the summit. Sometimes there
is a stream of water flowing through them, but most of them are dry during
the summer. These notches in the ridges occur every few hundred yards,
all along the foot of the mountains.
"The cretaceous and tertiary beds generally form several low ridges,
which are not conspicuous. The principal ridge outside, next to the plains,
IS c^omposed of the limestones of No. 3, which is smoothly rounded and cov-
ered with fragments or chips of limestone. Between this and the next
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 71
ridge west there is a beautiful concave valley about one-fourth of a mile
wide. The line between the upper part and the foot of the ridge proper is
most perfectly marked out by the grass. The east slope of this ridge is like
the roof of a house, so steep that but little soil can attach to it, and, in
consequence of this, it can sustain only thin grass and stinted shrubs.
These ridges are sharp or rounded, depending upon the character of the
rocks of which they are composed. Cretaceous formation. No. 3, yields so
readily to atmospheric agfcncies, that the ridges composed of it are usually
low and rounded and paved with chipped fragments of the shell limestone.
The harder sandstones give a sharpness of outline to the ridges, which has
earned for them the appellation of 'hog-backs' by the inhabitants of the
country. In No. 3 I found Ostrca congesta very abundant, and a species of
Jnocerarmis identical with the one occurring in the limestone at South
Boulder, and the same as the one figured by Hall in Fremont's Report,
Plate IV, Fig. 2, and compared with Inoceramus involutus (Sowerby),
page 310. The lower part of No. 3, containing the Inoceramus^ is a gray
marly limestone, which passes up into a yellow chalky shale, which weathers
into a rusty yellow marl that gives wonderful fertility to the soil, while the
dark shales of Nos. 2 and 4, as well as the rusty arenaceous clays of No. 5, are
distinctly revealed at different localities. The light-colored chalky limestones
of No. 3 are more conspicuous, at all times, along the foot-hills of the moun-
tains, even to New Mexico, than any other portion of the cretaceous group.
" The valley of Thompson creek is very fertile, varying from half a mile
to a mile in width, is filled up with settlers, and most of the land is under a
high state of cultivation. The ci-eek itself is one of the pure, swift-flowing
mountain streams, which have their source in the very divide or summit of
the water-shed, and are rendered permanent by the melting of the snows.
All these mountain streams would furnish abundant water-power, most of
them having a fall of thirty feet to the mile.
" There seems to be a decided improvement in the soil as we go south-
ward. The geological formations are the same, but the climate is more
favorable.
"On a terrace on the north side of Big Thompson creek there is a bed
of recent conglomerate, quite perfect, and belonging to the modern drift
period. It is very coarse, and the worn boulders are held together by sesqui-
oxide of iron. I note it here as an example of very recent conglomerate.
There is much fine sand, and the rounded stones are exactly like those
which pave the bottoms of streams. The thickness of this boulder deposit
is considerable, and it seems to underlie the whole valley portion of the
country.
" The cretaceous beds of No. 3 pass down into a yellowish sandstone,
which forms a low ridge on the north side of Big Thompson creek. Two
or three low ridges of cretaceous appear east of this point, but die out in the
prairie. This ridge inclines 15°, then comes a valley about one-fourth of a
mile wide, and a second ridge of rusty reddish fine-grained sandstone, evi-
dently No. l,or the transition group. This ridge inclines 25°. Underlying
the sandstone, which forms a large part of this ridge, we find the ashen-
gray marly and arenaceous clays of the Jurassic, including some thin beds
of sandstone and one layer of limestone four to six feet thick, which has
been much used for lime among the farmers. These beds pass down, with-
out any perceptible break, into the light brick-r«d sandstones which form the
72 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
next two ridges westward. These beds have a dip of 30°. About the
middle of the red beds there is a layer of impure limestone standing nearly
vertical 65°, two to four feet thick, which has also been used somewhat for
lime. The next ridge west has a rather thick bed — ten to fifteen feet — of
very rough impure limestone, looking somewhat like very hard calcareous
tufa. The intermediate beds are loose brick-red sands.
" There is here a somewhat singular dynamic feature — a local anticlinal.
One of the ridges flexes around from an east dip to a west dip, from the fact
that one of the eastern ranges of mountains runs out in the prairie near this
point, forming at the south end originally a sort of semi-quaquaversal, the
erosive action having worn away the central portions. This forms a short
anticlinal of about a mile in length. On the east side of the anticlinal
valley the principal ridges are shown, including nearly all the red beds; and
on the west side, only the upper portions of the red sandstones with the
Jurassic beds and the transition sandstones. The latter rocks form the
nearly vertical wall in which is located a somewhat noted aperture, called the
' Bear's Church.' In the west part of this anticlinal, within twenty feet of
the brick-red sandstones, is a blue, brittle limestone layer about six feet thick,
inclining 78°. This west portion of the anticlinal might be described across
the upturned edges thus, commencing at the bottom :
"1. Rather light brick-red sandstones in three layers — estimated 200
feet.
"2. The red bed passes up into a massive reddish-gray, rather fine sand-
stone— 20 feet.
"3. Then comes a thin layer of fine bluish-brown sandstone — 2 feet; then
the bluish limestone — i feet.
"4. Then about twenty-five feet of ashen clay, with six to ten feet of blue
cherty limestone, with some partings of clay.
"5, About 200 feet of variegated clay.
"6. A bed of quite pure limestone, blue, semi-crystalline — four to eight
feet. The grass prevents definite measurements, and all the beds vary in
thickness in different places, as well as in dip, which is from G0° to 80°.
" 7. This intermediate space is covered over with a loose drab-yellow sand,
doubtless derived from the erosion of the edges of the beds beneath, which
are supposed to be Jurassic. There is one bed of limestone about two feet
thick, similar to that before described. All these limestones appear to con-
tain obscure fragments of organic remains.
"8. A nearly vertical wall of sandstone; dip 60° to 65°. This bed is
formed of massive layers, in all, 150 feet thick or more, and is composed
largely of an aggregate of small water-worn pebbles of all kinds. Most of
thepebbles are of metamorphic origin, but some of them appear to have bqen
derived from unchanged rocks. There are also layers of fine-grained sand-
stone. The prevailing color is a rusty yellow and light gray. Most of the
sandstones in this country are of a rusty yellow color j No. 1, cretaceous.
"9. A broad space, 300 to 400 feet, grassed over. The slope is complete,
but It IS undoubtedly made up of the sands and sandstones at the base of
the cretaceous group.
"10. A fine sandstone passing up into a close, compact flinty rock. This
IS a low ridge, appearing only now and then above the grassy surface. The
slope then continues down to the stream which flows throu-h the synclinal
valley, about a mile wide, and then we come to the gras^ slope' on the
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 73
mountain side, inclining east again. A little below this point, the creek
cuts through the sandstone and- black clays of No. 2, conforming perfectly^
to the wall of sandstone No. 1.
" Between Big and Little Thompson creeks, the ridges are very numer-
ous and bold, and it would seem as if the massive, fine-grained sandstones
predominated, for they cap all the ridges, and the broken masses, often of
large size, are scattered in great profusion everywhere. In one valley the
abrupt side, which was composed of red sandstone, presented an unusually
massive front, and in many places are weathered into the grotesque forms
so well shown southwest of Denver.
" Near the head of Little Thompson the ridges are admirably well shown.
Two beds of sandstone, belonging to the lower cretaceous group, seem to
have broken off in the process of elevation, and so tipped over that the
upper edges are past verticality. The upper cretaceous beds really form but
one principal ridge, although made up of three or four subordinate ones.
The sediments of these beds are so soft and yielding that they have been
easily worn down smoothly or rounded off and grassed over for the most
part. But by looking across it, it is not difficult to detect the black shales
of No. 4, the yellow laminated chalky marl of No. 3 passing into the alter-
nate layers of light-gray limestone and black plastic clays of No. 2. As the
little streams cut through these ridges at right angles, they reveal not only
the different beds, but also the dip very distinctly.
"The Little Thompson begins to show evidences of enormous drift agen-
cies in the thick deposit of gravel, the high table-lands on each side of the
creek, with here and there a butte with the top planed off, and over the
surface is strewn a vast quantity of loose material, which has been washed
down from the mountains. Each one of the little streams has worn its way
through the ridges of upheaval, usually making enormous gorges, but some-
times producing wide open valleys. The valley of St. Vrain creek is one
of these valleys of erosion, with broad table-lands or terraces on each side,
leaving the "Divide" in the form of a continuous smooth bench, extending
far down into the prairie, giving to the surface of the country a beautiful
and almost artificial appearance.
" The banks of the St. Vrain seem to be composed of an upper covering
of yellow marl, which soon passes down into gravel. The soil appears to
derive its fertility from the eroded calcareous sediments of No. 3, but it
rests upon a great thickness of a recent conglomerate, cemented, in part, at
least, with oxide of iron. The greatest width of this valley is over ten
miles, gradually sloping down to the bed of the creek from the north. The
abrupt side is on the south, where a bank, fifty feet high, is cut by the chan-
nel of the stream. This bank increases in height toward the mountains,
but becomes lower further down the stream, eastward. Above this bank,
southward, is a broad level plain about two miles in width, and then a gentle
rise leads to another broad table plain which forms a bench or divide.
" On the north side of St. Vrain creek, near the foot of the mountains,
there is a long ridge of rather rusty yellow and gray sandstone, with a trend
about north 5° east, or nearly north and south. There are also two other
ridges, with a dip varying between 45° and 55° east. The first ridge is
about 100 feet across the upturned edges, and there is then westward a
grassy interval of 300 feet, and then another ridge of about the same thick-
ness, the harder layers projecting above the grassy plain from two to thirty
74 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
feet. It presents the appearance, in the distance, of a high, rugged, irregu-
lar wall, or broken-down fortification, and is about three-fourths of a mile in
length. These are the lower sandstones of the lignite tertiary projecting
above the grassy plain.
"Near the foot-hills of the mountains, about four miles south of St.
Vrain creek, are some high cretaceous benches, extending down from the
base of the mountains. They usually do not extend more than one or two
miles in length before they break off, sometimes abruptly and sometimes
gradually. Not unfrequently a sort of truncated, cone-shaped butte is cut
off from the end of some of the benches. On the summit is a considerable
thickness of a recent conglomerate, which has been cemented so as to form a
yJ,olerabIy firm rock. In this drift some fragments of the red sandstone are
found, but the rocks are mostly granitic. Sometimes there is a valley
ftcooped out between these benches and the foot of the mountains; and
ftgain, they ascend gently up to the base and lap on to the flanks. Some-
times, in the interval between these benches, there is a low intermediate level
ur terrace, about fifty feet above the valley. The higher benches are about
1?00 feet above the bottom. It is to this peculiar configuration of the surface.
Into bench and terrace, that the wonderful beauty of this region is due.
In the distance, southward, can be seen a continuation of the ridges of ter-
tiary sandstone, as they project above the surface far in the plains, five to eight
miles from the base of the mountains. There are some of these sandstone
ridges from 100 to 300 yards apart; the intervals level and completely
grassed over, so that the laminated clays or coal beds are entirely concealed
from view. These ridges continue to appear above the surface, now and then,
nearly to Denver. Where they pass across the valleys of streams, or even
dry branches, openings are made of greater or less depth and width, which
give the irregular outlines to the sandstone ridges.
"Between St. Vrain creek and Left-hand creek there is a broad plateau,
about ten miles wide, which is as level to the eye as a table top. It is cov-
ered over with partially worn boulders. Near the base of the foot-hills,
behind this plateau, there is a most beautiful valley scooped out, about two
miles wide, which must have been the result of erosion in past times, for
there is very little water in it at present.
"Further southward, those long narrow benches extend down into the
prairie from the foot-hills. As we come from the north to the south side of
the plateau, we can look across the valley of Left-hand creek to near Boulder
valley, at least ten miles, dotted over with farm-houses, fenced fields, and
irrigating ditches, upon one of the most pleasant views in the agricultural
districts of Colorado. These plateaus and benches are underlaid by creta-
ceous clays, only here and there passing up into the yellow sandstones of No. 5,
with Inoceramus and BacuUtes. The plateau on the north side of Left-hand
creek comes to the stream very abruptly, and seems to have presented a side
Iront to the later forces which transported the boulder drift from the moun-
tains, the sides being covered thickly with worn rocks of all sizes. This
district IS very aptly called Boulder county; but the culmination of this
boulder drift is to be seen in the valley of Boulder creek.
" y <^™ Left-hand creek to Golden City the flanks of the mountains seem
to be termed of the transition sandstones, or cretaceous'No. 1. with all the
older sedimentary rocks lying against the metamorphic "rocks in such a way
as to render them very obscure and the scenery quite remarkable.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 75
" Indeed, south of St. Vrain creek the change in the appearance of the
belt, formed of the ridges, or ' hog-backs,' is very marked.
"Since leaving St. Vrain creek the tertiary beds, containing the coal,
have been approaching nearer the mountains. North of this point the belt of
cretaceous rocks has been quite wide, varying from two to five miles, but in the
valky of the Boulder the belt becomes quite narrow and forms a part of
the foot-hills themselves, while Nos. 4 and 5 are entirely concealed from view.
" In the Boulder valley the tertiary coal beds are enormously developed.
The Belmont or Marshall's coal and iron mines, on South Boulder creek,
are the most valuable and interesting, and reveal the largest development of
the tertiary coal-bearing strata west of the Mississippi.
" In the autumn of 1867 I had an opportunity of examining these mines,
tinder the intelligent guidance of J. M. Marshall, Esq., one of the owners
of this tract of land, and I wrote out the results of my examinations at that
time in an article in Silliman's Journal, March, 1868. In July, 1869, I
made a second examination of this locality under the same auspices. The
following vertical section of the beds was taken, which does not differ mate-
rially from the one hitherto published :
" 48. Drab clay with iron ore along the top of the ridge.
"47. Sandstone.
" 46. Drab clay and iron ore.
"45. Coal, (No. 11,) no development.
''44. Drab clay.
"43. Sandstone, 15 to 20 feet.
"42. Drab clay and iron ore.
"41. Coal, (No. 10,) no development.
" 40. Yellowish drab clay, 4 feet.
"39. Sandstone, 20 feet.
"38. Drab clay full of the finest quality of iron ore, 15 feet.
"37. Thin layer of sandstone.
"36. Coal, (No. 9,) nearly vertical, where it has been worked, 12 feet.
" 35. Arenaceous clay, 2 feet.
".34. Drab clay, 3 feet.
"33. Sandstone, 5 feet; then a heavy seam of iron ore; then 3 feet of
drab clay; then 5 feet sandstone.
"32. Coal, (No. 8,) 4 feet.
"31. Drab clay.
" 30. Sandstone, 25 to 40 feet.
"29. Drab clay, 6 feet.
"28. Coal, (No. 7,) 6 feet.
"27. Drab clay, 5 feet
26.
( Sandstone, with a seam of clay, 12 to 18 inches, intercalated,
^ 25 feet.
'^^ \ Drab clay, 4 feet.
^ I Coal, (No. 6,) in two seams, 4^^ feet.
^ [ Drab clay, 3 to 4 feet.
"25.
"24.
"23. _
"22. Yellowish, fine-grained sandstone in thin loose layers, with plants,
to 10 feet.
"21.") o' r Drab clay, excellent iron ore. ^
" 20. y "2: ^ Coal, (No. 5,) 7 feet. \ 15 feet.
"19. )5 (Drab clay. )
76 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
"18. Sandstone, dip, 11°. This sandstone has a reddish tinge, and is
less massive than 14.
" 17. Drab clay. ")
"16. Coal, (No. 4.) ,^20 feet, obscure.
"15. Drab clay. )
"14. Sandstone, massive, 60 feet. •
" 13. Drab clay.
"12. Sandstone.
"11. Drab clay.
"10. Coal, (No. 3.)
" 9. Drab clay.
" 8. Sandstone, 25 faet.
" 7. Drab clay.
" 6. Coal, (No. 2,) 8 feet.
" 5. Drab clay.
" 4. Sandstone, about 25 feet.
" 3. Drab, fire clay, 4 feet.
" 2. Coal, (No. 1,) 11 to 14 feet.
" 1. Sandstone.
"In bed No. 23 there are three layers of sandstone, which contain a
great variety of impressions of leaves. Belov? coal bed. No. 6, there is a
bed of drab clay, seven feet thick, with a coal seam at the outcrop, three
feet thick; but the coal appears to give out or pass into clay as the bank is
entered, so that there are ten feet of clay above coal bed. No. 6.
"Much of the iron ore is full of impressions of leaves in fragments,
stems, grass, etc. The ore is mostly concretionary, but sometimes it is so
continuous as to give the idea of a permanent bed. There are several varie-
ties of the ore, of greater or less purity. Above coal bed (5) there is a seam
of iron, with oyster shells, apparently Ostrea suhtrigonalls^ or the same
species found so abundantly near Brown and O'Bryan's coal mine, about
twenty miles southeast of Cheyenne. Nearly a dozen openings have been
made here for the coal.
" A beautiful valley has been scooped out by the South Boulder, leaving
a bench covered with debris between the two Boulder creeks. Before reach-
ing these huge sandstone walls, we pass over a portion of the cretaceous, and
a great thickness of the red beds, inclining at a high angle.
"Immediately south of the South Boulder creek there is a high bench
that extends up close to the base of the mountains, and is covered with drift
and boulders, three miles in width, entirely concealing all the unchanged
rocks. But in the valley of Coal creek seven beds of coal are revealed by
the scooping out of this valley. These beds all incline at a high angle, about
45°, and are not easily worked. The sandstones project up above the loose
material like irregular walls, and the creek itself forms a narrow passage or
gorge through one of these ridges.
"Between the sandstones, and apparently with very little clay either
above or below, is one bed of coal four to six feet thick, which was wrought
for a time, and then abandoned.
"The next finest exhibition of coal in Colorado, to Marshall's mine, is that
of the Murphy mine, on Ralston creek, five miles north of Golden City.
The coal bed is nearly vertical in position, and varies in thickness from four-
teen to eighteen feet, averaging sixteen feet from side to side. There are
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 77
nine feet of remarkably good fire-clay on each side of the coal, and above
and below, or on the west and east sides, are the usual beds of sandstone.
This mine is very near the foot of the mountains, and the belt of sediment-
ary rocks, which are all nearly vertical, is very narrow here — not more thao
half a mile in width — and are mostly concealed by debris.
" Mr. 3Iurphy thinks that there are eleven beds of coal within the dis-
tance of one-fourth of a mile, all nearly or quite vertical in position, of
which the one opened is probably the oldest. The mine is opened on the
north side of the creek, and may doubtless be followed above water-line
several miles to the northward, toward Coal creek.
''On the south side of Ralston creek the same bed has been opened, and
the indications are that it may be followed the same way southward, toward
Golden City. The entire surface is so covered with superficial deposits, and
grassed over, that it is impossible to work out these beds in detail, and the
artificial excavations afford us the most reliable, knowledge. A hundred
yards or more west of the coal bed there is a high ridge running parallel
with the mountain range, capped with lower cretaceous sandstones, No. 1.
'This ridge extends southward, with some interruptions, beyond Golden
City.
"At Golden City the upheaved sedimentary rocks are so swept away
that the metamorphic foot-hills are plainly visible. No rocks older than the
red beds or trias are exposed, and these somewhat obscurely. The red and
gray sandstones lie close on the sides of the metamorphic rocks, inclining
30° and 54°. In the trias there is a bed of silica, or an aggregation of very
fine grains of quartz, which has attracted some attention, and close to it a
layer of bastard limestone or calcareous sandstone. All the beds dip at a
high angle and lie side by side, so that one can walk across the upturned
edges of them all, from the metamorphic to the summit of the tertiary.
Outside of the cretaceous beds there is a small valley of erosion, and then
come the tertiary beds. The strike of the coal strata is very nearly north
and south, and, so far as I could ascertain, the sequence of the beds, from
within, outward, is as follows:
" 1st. Rusty, yellow, soft sandstone. 2d. A bed of fire-clay. 3d. Coal
about eight feet thick. 4th Fire-clay. 5th. Rusty, yellow sandstone.
'•The clay underneath the coal appears to be ten or fifteen feet thick,
with one or two unimportant seams of coal. These beds have been so ele-
vated that the upper edges have passed verticality 5° to 10°. The clay is
much used for fire-brick and potters' ware. In the bed of sandstone, above
the coal, we found several impressions of leaves of deciduous trees, among
them a Platamis^ probably P. haychniL From these we pass across the edges
of a series of beds of sandstone, with intervening strata of iron ore. The
thickness of all the tertiary beds here must be 1,200 to 1,500 feet. Near
the outside is a bed of pudding-stone, and outside or above this, the bed of
potters' clay, which supplies the pottery at Golden City. About midway, in
this series of beds, an entrance has been made, exposing a second bed of coal.
The surface is so grassed over that it is quite impossible to make out the full
series of beds clearly, but the softer strata are well shown by the depressions
between the beds of sandstones.
" The north mesa is two and one-half miles long and about one mile wide.
The south one is four miles long and about a mile wide. This one has an
irregular surface and gradually slopes down eastward until it becomes a low
78 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
ridge of tertiary sandstones and clays. The wall of basalt that surrounds
the top is nearly perpendicular most of the way round, from fifty to one
hundred and fifty feet in height. The lower portion of the basaltic bed, on
the north side of the south mesa, is very vesicular, full of rounded porous
masses somewhat like slag, and rests upon the slightly irregular surface of a
bed of fine fire-clay, which contains traces of vegetable remains. Below the
fire-clay are alternate beds of sandstone and arenaceous clay, inclining
slightly east, and evidently protected from erosion by the hard cap of basalt.
These beds are plainly tertiary lignite, and must be 600 to 800 feet thick.
The lowest bed of vesicular basalt is evidently more recent than the columnar
bed above.
" Green Mountain is a lofty, grass-covered hill, and is entirely composed
of the coal strata, while to the west of it is a nearly vertical ridge of sand-
stone. Just inside of this ridge, or beneath it, is a coal bed which has been
opened by Mr. John A. Roe. The entrance to this mine is the finest I have
seen in Colorado, and is 170 feet in length, through 144 feet of sandstone,
with a slope of 45°. The sides and roof of the entrance are not protected.
The bed of coal is nearly vertical in position at this point, though at some
places, where it is not wrought, it inclines east 70°. There are three seams
of coal, four feet each in thickness, with three and one-half feet of clay
intervening. Below the coal there is a bed of clay five feet thick, and,
above, three and one-half feet arenaceous clay. The coal is close, compact,
and makes an excellent fuel; and Mr. Roe, who is an old Pennsylvania
miner, considers it better than the bituminous coals for all domestic pur-
poses, but, for generating steam and smelting ores, he regards it as inferior.
The ash is white, resembling pine-wood ashes, and the quantity is small.
The coal at Murphy's, on Ralston creek and Golden City, leaves a red ash.
There are no cinders, and, in burning, it gives a bright, clear flame ; and,
although it burns iron, it does not give sufficient heat to weld it. I believe
this to be a continuation, southward, of the Golden City bed. It is also the
lowest of the coal strata in this region; for, in the valley immediately west,
and on the sides of the ridge can be seen the dark clays of the cretaceous
beds. This ridge is very high at this place, and is composed of the sand-
stones of No. 1, and a portion of the red beds or triassic (?). Still further
west are two or three rather low ridges of yellowish-gray and red sandstones,
which cover the gneissoid rocks of the foot-hills of the mountains. By far
the largest ridge here is the one containing the sandstones of No. 1, but it
soon splits up into smaller ridges in its southern extension,
" About twelve miles southwest of Denver, between Turkey and Bear
creeks, are some remarkable soda lakes, which are of unusual interest. They
are the property of Dr. Burdsall, of Denver, in whose company I made as
careful an examination of them as my time would permit. There are four
of these little lakes, and all are located on middle cretaceous rocks. The
principal one lies just east of a low rounded ridge of cretaceous shale, No.
3, and is surrounded, on the other sides, by low ridges of superficial sand
and gravel. A little west of this cretaceous ridge there is a lake, a fourth
of a mile in length, but, on account of the springs flowing into it from the
slopmg sides of the sandstone ridge, No. 1, the water is not strong. The
black shales of No. 2, cretaceous, underlie this lake. The soil, for twenty ;
feet m depth, is fully impregnated with the soda; and, on the surface of one'
of the lakes, is a crust which looks like dirty ice. A shallow ditch, which ■
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 79
Dr. Burdsall has made out into the lake a few feet, has a deposit of sulphate
of soda at the bottom, in a partially crystalline state, one and a half inches
thick Three and a half barrels of the water make one barrel of the sul-
phate of soda, and three pounds of the soil, well leached, makes one pound
of the salts. The salt, by analysis, contains sixty-three per cent of the
soda, and the water about thirty-three per cent. It contains carbonate of
soda, sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, sulphide of calcium, and a trace
of magnesia. It would seem that these deposits of soda m»st, at no distant
period, play an important part in the industrial operations of Colorado.
These soda salts can be manufactured into bicarbonate of soda; can be used
in refining gold and silver; also, for the manufacture of glass, with silicic
acid. There is an unlimited amount of soda at this locality, and it can be
procured at a mere nominal cost.
"Within a few yards of these lakes, and located in the black, shaly clays
of cretaceous formation No. 2, are considerable quantities of brown iron ore
of superior quality — as good as the best observed in the boulder coal strata.
It occurs in the form of cretations, and occupies a very limited area.
"The city of Denver is located on the tertiary rocks which contain the
coal beds of the west, about ten to fifteen miles from the base of the mount-
ains. The surface is so thickly covered with superficial drift deposits that
the basis rocks are seldom seen ; but we have every reason to suppose that the
same beds of coal, that are exposed by the uplifting of the formations along
the immediate flanks of the mountains, extend eastward into the plains, and,
of course, underlie, at certain depths, the city of Denver.
"As we pass southward, up the valley of the South Platte, we find the
tertiary sandstones exposed occasionally in the banks of the river; and near
the canon a seam of coal has been opened and worked to some extent. The
tertiary beds extend quite close up to the foot-hills of the mountains, leaving
a comparatively narrow space for the exhibition of the older, unchanged
rocks. Still, we may walk across the upturned edges of them all and stady
them with care,
"The valley of the South Platte presents a fine display of the terraces;
and the drift, filled with water-worn rocks, is very thick. The sandstones
of the tertiary formation are also plainly seen, appearing to be nearly hori-
zontal, although not more than ten miles, iu a straight line, from the meta-
morphic rocks. The whole prairie country has been so planed off that it is
finely and gently rolling, and the drainage is excellent. The streams which
flow from the sides of the mountains are fed by perpetual springs, and are,
consequently, persistent and uniform in their amount of water, affording the
best water-power in the country.
"From the soda lakes to the great 'Divide' the cretaceous and tertiary
beds, outside of the No. 1 sandstone ridge, are smoothed down and grassed
over so that they are not conspicuous, though there are exposures enough to
guide the geologist. They are so concealed by superficial gravel and sand
that they present no good sections, either to show the strata or dip. This
regularity of the surface renders the Platte valley, as well as those of its
branches, remarkably fine for farming and grazing, and vast herds of cattle
already cover the grassy hills and plains. The terraces and benches, which
extend down from the foot of the mountains, are well shown.
"Along the Platte river, near the caiion, a coal bed was opened at one
time, but now it is covered with loose material which has fallen from above,
80 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIllECTORY
so that it is entirely concealed. The strata here are nearly vertical Thero
are two beds of coal, in all about five feet thick, separated by about two feet
of clay. The coal is not very good, and has not been used for three years.
It is probably the same bed seen at Golden City, thinning out southward
"Along the Platte, and Plum creek, the streams cut heavy beds of boul-
der gravel^and fiae sand, and it is under this deposit the coal is found. The
valleys of the South Platte and its branches, between Denver and the
mountains, are exceedingly fertile and productive, and, at this time, they are
covered with splendid crops. Nearly or quite all of the available bottom
lands are already taken up by actual settlers, and are under cultivation.
The present season has been unusually favorable for farming throughout the
West.
"The plain country south of Denver comes close up to the foot of the
mountains, so that the belt of upheaved sedimentary rocks grows narrower
and narrower, until, a few miles south of the Platte canon, they cease
entirely for a time. The ridges are very high, ranging from 400 to 600 feet
above the bed of the Platte. To the southward can be seen, rising like a
range of mountains, the high 'Divide' between the waters of the South
Platte and Arkansas rivers, covered quite thickly with pines.
" The first main ridge contains a few layers of No. 2 ; alternations of
clay and sand passing down into the sandstones of No. 1. This ridge is
quite massive, and inclines 43°. In the channel of the South Platte the
distance from the outside of the ridge containing the sandstones of No. 1 to
the metamorphic rocks is not more than half a mile. From this point to
the 'Divide' the ridges are split up and much crowded. The reddish and
variegated sands are worn, by atmospheric agencies, into the most wonderful
and unique forms, equal to the ' Garden of the Gods,' only on a much
smaller scale. Here, also, the red and variegated sandstones jut up against
the metamorphic rocks as if the continuity was unbroken. Indeed, the
apparent conformity is complete.
"The hills of the first range, composed of metamorphic rocks, are curi-
ously rounded and grassed over, and are made up of a reddish, decomposing
granite. But, as we ascend, these peaks or rounded cones become sharper,
the sides more rugged, and the rocks more compact.
"As we go southward the indications of beds of Jurassic age become
more and more feeble. Under the massive sandstones of No. 1 are a series
of yellow and white sands and sandstones passing down into brick-red sands.
Among this series of variegated beds are two thin beds of limestone. One
of these is a very white rock, and on its weathered surface are small masses
of chert, which appear to have the structure of corals. This bed is six or
eight feet thick. Separated by eight or ten feet of sandstones is another
layer of bluish limestone, which is much used for lime. I have never been
able to detect any well-defined organic remains in these beds; but I believe
a portion of them, between the lower cretaceous No. 1 and the true red beds,
are of Jurassic age; and it is even possible that a portion of the red beds I
are of that epoch.
"From the point where the Union Pacific railroad crosses the Laramie
mountains to Colorado City, I have been unable to find any well-marked I
carboniferous or silurian rocks. The red sandstones, which I have been ,
accustomed to regard as triassic, jut up against the metamorphic rocks, or
are the only exposures that meet the eye of the geologist. I do not believe '
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 81
that the carboniferous beds are altogether absent, for limestones of consider-
able thickness, and containing characteristic fossils, occur at Granite canon,
on the Pacific railroad, high up on the margins of the mountains; and also
at Colorado City, about 200 miles to the south. In this long interval, I
have been unable to discover any well-defined carboniferous or silurian
Tocks, yet I am inclined to think that the carboniferous beds, at least, exist
underneath all the other sedimentary rocks, but are not exposed by the
upheaval.
" About five miles south of the Platte canon, the upheaved ridges come
close up to the mountains, and are not worn away, but form the northern side
of the ' Divide,' so that the entire series of unchanged rocks, known in this
region, are exposed in regular continuity. A little further south, we come to
a series of variegated beds of sands and arenaceous clays, nearly horizontal.
Testing on the upturned edges of the older rocks. These beds form the
northern edge of an extensive tertiary basin of comparatively modern date,
either late miocene or pliocene age. From the point of their first appear-
ance, about five miles south of the South Platte cafion to a point about five
miles north of Colorado City, these beds jut up against the foot-hills of the
mountains, inclining at a small angle, never more than five to eight degrees,
and entirely concealing all the older sedimentary rocks. The upheaved
ridge entirely disappears. Far ofi" to the eastward stretches this high ter-
tiary divide, giving rise to a large number of streams, as Cherry creek, Run-
ning Water, Kiowa, Bijou, and other creeks. Through this basin also flows
Monument creek, which has become so celebrated for its unique scenery.
The beds of this formation are of various colors — reddish, yellow, and white
— and of various degrees of texture, from coarse pudding-stones to very
fine-grained sands or sandstones. There is very little lime in the entire
series of bed. There is much ferruginous matter in all the beds, to some
of which it gives a rusty brown color. The valley of Plum creek is scooped
)ut of this basin. The high ridge to the eastward is capped with coarse
sandstones and pudding-stones. Along the immediate sides of the mount-
ains the rocks are mostly coarse pudding-stones, the water-worn pebbles
"varying in size from a grain of quartz to a mass several inches in diameter.
But as we recede from the mountains, eastward, the sediments become finer
and finer, until the coarse pudding-stones disappear. I am of the opinion
that the materials composing the beds of this group have been derived from
the mountain ranges and vicinity. In their general appearance the rocks
of this group resemble the prevailing rocks which cover the country from
Fort Bridger to Weber canon, and also a series of sands and sandstones
along the Gallisteo creek below Santa Fe, which I shall call the Gallisteo
sand group. To this group of modern tertiary deposits, I have given the
provisional name of the Monument Creek group, and they occupy a space of
about forty miles in width from east to west, and fifty miles in length, north
and south.
" Continuing our course southward, we find some curious mesas in the
valley of West Plum creek. We ascended one lofty butte, with a flat table
summit, situated west of the Plum Creek road. The top of this butte is
about 1,000 feet above the road, and is capped with a rather close-grained,
cream-colored rock, which looks quite porphyritic, fifty to one hundred feet
thick, and plainly of igneous origin. Its fractures into slabs, which have a
clinking sound. The beds below are quite variegated, of almost every color
82 ROCKY. MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
an
„..d texture, mostly fine sand, brick red, deep yellow, rusty red, white ash
colored, dull black, etc. The rusty iron layers sometimes form a sort of
limonite, but are composed largely of an aggregate of water-worn pebbles,
cemented with the silicate of iron. There are also thick beds of quartzose
sandstone, or an aggregate of crystals of quartz and feldspar, so compact as
to look like a coarse granite. These large masses afford good illustrations
of the process of weathering by exfoliation.
" The evidence is clear, in a number of localities, that at a late period in
geological history there were dikes or protusions of igneous material, which
flowed over these Monument Creek sandstones in broad sheets or beds; and
these broad, table-top buttes and mesas are the evidences that they are now
left after erosion.
"This modern tertiary basin is very interesting, as the introduction of a
new feature in the geology of this region. The appearance of the country
also undergoes a decided improvement. The great ' Divide ' is covered rather
thickly with pine timber. It is full of excellent springs and fertile valleys,
which give origin to numerous streams. The grass is excellent and abun-
dant, even upon the summits of the table-lands. For a distance often miles
about the sources of Plum creek, the red beds or triassic jut square against
the sides of the metamorphic foot-hills of the mountains. The projecting
summits of the upturned ridges gradually fiide out in importance. They
have also lost their usual regularity, and are split up into an indefinite
number of fragments of ridges, varying in dip from 10° to 45°. Near the
water-divide these ridges gradually close up again toward the foot of the
mountains, and are entirely concealed by the sands and arenaceous clays of
the Monument Creek group.
" In the valley of West Plum creek and its branches, as they emerge
from the mountains, we have a fine exposure of the sedimentary beds. The
coarse, yellowish-gray sandstones and pudding-stones of the Monument Creek
group incline slightly, perhaps 3° to 5°. Then come the sandstones of the
lignite teatiary, inclining 25°. Then west of West Plum creek are some
ridges of cretaceous rocks. The first ridge is made up of a rather impure
limestone, filled with well-defined species of Inoceramus and other shells, of
No. 3, or middle cretaceous. The next ridge west is composed of No. 1,
and the intermediate valley is underlaid with the shales of No. 2. Among
the brick-red ridges is one low ridge, composed almost entirely of gypsum
— an unusual development of this material — to the thickness of thirty or
forty feet.
" There is an extensive series of low ridges of red and gray sandstones
extending up the base of the mountains.
"The high portion of country, which is plainly visible from Denver
when booking southward, and from the Arkansas river looking northward,
would seem to have been protected from erosion by causes which I cannot yet
well explain. The water divide is the long bench which extends down from
the very base of the mountains eastward, and forms the line of separation
between the sources of the streams which flow southward into the Arkansas
on the one side, and into the South Platte on the other. This water-divide
IS well worthy of especial notice, inasmuch as it is composed of the Monu-
ment Creek formation, and juts up against the almost vertical metamorphic
rocks retaining its nearly horizontal position, and perfectly concealing all
the older rocks for at least five miles north of the line of separation.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 83
" The valleys of Plum creek and its branches are quite wide, and are
scooped out of the modern deposits so as to form most beautiful and fertile
lands, while on each side a bench extends down from the mountains like a
lawn. The series of older rocks are exposed by the stripping off of the
newer tertiaries in the valley of Plum creek. The bench on the north side
conceals them, for the most part, close up to the foot of the mountains,
while on the south side they are entirely concealed, until they reappear near
Colorado City.
"The 'Divide' forms a high ridge, with a mesa-like top, stretching far
eastward beyond the horizon, covered with pines. On each side the beds
of whitish-yellow and reddish sandstones appear like fortifications, holding a
nearly horizontal position. Near the foot-hills there is a narrow valley, per-
haps one-fourth of a mile wide, and lying against the side of the mountains,
are remnants left after the erosion. I at first mistook them for the red
triassic beds, but on a close examination I found them to be a coaese aggre-
gate of feldspar and quartz, colored extensively with iron. There are
inclosed in the rock various water-worn pebbles of all sizes and textures.
This rock decomposes readily, especially by the process of exfoliation. The
whole rock is so massive and compact that it might easily be mistaken for a
metamorphic sandstone.
"Just south of the first branch of Monument creek there is a fine exhi-
bition of the erosion of the sandstones. At one locality they lie snug up
against gneissoid rocks, showing the discordant relations perfectly. These
illustrations seem to show plainly that the sediments of this recent tertiary
deposit have all been derived from the disintegration or erosion of the meta-
morphic rocks, and perhaps the older sedimentary beds in the immediate
vicinity.
"In a beautiful little basin near Monument creek, which leads to the
creek, is a lone pillar or column of sandstone, three-cornered, with the strata
perfectly horizontal, about thirty feet high. The sands composing this are
coarse, and of a yellowish or whitish color. It has been, for a long time, a
favorite object for the photographer.
"At one point on Monument creek the red granites, high up on the
mountain side, show the perpendicular lines of cleavage in a marked manner.
Some of the openings are several feet wide. The strike of these lines of
cleavage is about southwest and northeast.
"For a considerable distance, some ten or fifteen miles, along the imme-
diate base of the mountains, on the west side of Monument creek, the long,
smooth, grassy benches slope down toward the creek, sliced, as it were, or
cut by the numerous little branches. These lawn-like slopes or benches
vary in height. Sometimes, on the side of a little branch, where the valley
is deep, there is an intermediate terrace or step to the higher ridge.
" All these valleys seem to be occupied by farmers and stock-raisers.
Almost every available spot is taken up by actual settlers."
In the preceding copious extracts, from Prof. Hayden's journal, we have
endeavored to select matter which would be of interest to the general reader,
as well as to the scientific student; also, material which would show the
existence of coal beds and minerals having commercial value. While we
are aware we have omitted much valuable and interesting information, we
believe we have given sufficient data to prove, beyond doubt, the existence
of coal measures, carrying veins of unusual thickness and extent, capable of
84 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
yielding vast quantities of excellent fuel at small expense. The extracts
will also give a comprehensive exhibit of the physical features of this
region of valley, plain and ridge, and define the prominent geological
characteristics of that portion of the Territory which lies along the base of
the mountains and extends across the adjoining prairies. In selecting data
to define the features of the second division we have made of the Territory
— the foot hills, the main range and its spurs, and South park — we will use,
almost exclusively, material pertaining to the mineral belts. In describing
these, the general characteristics of the region will be fairly explained. We
quote from Prof. Hayden :
"The gold and silver lodes of this Territory, so far as they are observed,
are entirely composed of the gneissic and granite rocks, possibly rocks of
the age of the Laurentian series, of Canada. At any rate, all the gold-
bearing rocks about Central City are most distinctly gneissic, while those
containing silver, at Georgetown, are both gneissic and granitic. The mount-
ains in which the Baker, Brown, Coin, Terrible, and some other rich lodes
are located, is composed mostly of gneissic and reddish feldspathic granite,
while the Leavenworth and McClellan mountains, equally rich in silver, are
composed of banded gneiss, with the lines of bedding or stratification very
distinct.
" There is an important question that suggests itself to one attempting
to study the mines of Colorado, and that is, the cause of the wonderful
parallelism of the lodes, the greater portion of them taking one general
direction or strike, northeast and southwest. We must at once regard the
cause as deep-seated and general; for we find that most of the veins or lodes
are true fissures, and do not diminish in richness as they are sunk deeper
into the earth. All these lodes have more or less clearly defined walls, and
some of them are quite remarkable for their smoothness and regularity. We
assume the position that the filling up of all these lodes or veins with mineral
matter was an event subsequent to any change that may have occurred in
the country rock. Now, if we look carefully at all the azoic rocks in this
region, we shall find, more or less distinctly defined, depending upon the
structure of the rock itself, two planes of cleavage, one of them with a strike
northeast and southwest, and the other southeast and northwest. Beside
these two sets of cleavage planes, there are, in most cases, distinct lines of
bedding. The question arises, what relation do these veins hold to these
lines of cleavage? Is it not possible that they occupy these cleavage open-
ings as lines of greatest weakness?
" I have taken the direction of these two sets of cleavage planes many
times, with a compass, over a large area; and very seldom do they diverge,
to any great extent, from these two directions, northeast and southwest or
southeast and northwest. In some instances the northwest and southeast
plane would flex around so as to strike north and south, and the other one
so as to trend east and west; but this is quite seldom, and never occurs unless
there has been some marked disturbance of the rocks. There are, however,
a few lodes which are called 'east and west lodes,' and some, 'north and
south. A few have a strike northwest and southeast, but are generally very
narrow, and break off from the northeast and southwest lodes, are very rich
tor a time and then 'pinch' out. It would seem, therefore, quite possible
that the northeast and southwest veins took the lines of cleavage in that
direction as lines of greatest weakness, and that the northwest and south-
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 85
east lines cross the other set, and that a portion of the mineral material
might accumulate in that cleavage fissure. I merely throw out this as a
hint, at this time, which I wish to follow out in my future studies. I am
inclined to believe that the problem of the history of the Kocky Mountain
ranges is closely connected with these two great sets of cleavage lines. As
I have before stated, my own observations point to the conclusion that the
general strike of the metamorphic ranges of mountains is northwest and
southeast, and that the eruptive trend northeast and southwest. The dikes,
that sometimes extend long distances across the plains, in all cases trend
northeast and southwest, or occasionally east and west. The purely eruptive
ranges of the northern portion of the San Luis valley seem to be composed
of a series of minor ranges ' en Echelon' with a trend northeast and south-
west. But as soon as this range joins on to a range with a metamorphic or
granitic nucleus, the trend changes around to northwest and southeast.
Many of the ranges have a nucleus of metamorphic rocks, though the cen-
tral and highest portions may be composed of eruptive peaks and ridges. In
this case the igneous material is thrust up in lines of the same direction as
the trend. It becomes, therefore, evident that all the operations of the
eruptive forces were an event subsequent to the elevation of the metamorphic
nucleus. This is shown in hundreds of instances in Southern Colorado and
New Mexico, where the eruptive material is oftentimes forced out over the
metamorphic rocks, concealing them, over large areas.
" All over the mining districts are well marked anticlinal, synclinal, and
what I have called monoclinal valleys. Nearly all the little streams flow, a
portion or all their way, through these monoclinal valleys or rifts. In most
cases the streams pass along these rifts, from source to mouth, but occasion-
ally burst through the upheaved ridges at right angles, and resuming its
course again in some monoclinal opening. There are a few instances of
these streams flowing along anticlinal valleys, and, by any one, these remarks
will be at once understood by studying the myriad little branches of Clear
creek or South Platte, which flow, for long (^stances, through the mining
districts.
"In these valleys are oftentimes accumulated immense deposits of
modern drift. Sometimes there are proofs that these valleys have been
gorged for a time, and a bed of very coarse gravel and boulders will accu-
mulate, hundreds of feet in thickness. Near Georgetown there is a fine
example of this modern drift action.
"It would seem that the valley of that branch of Clear creek, in which
the Brown and Terrible silver lodes are located, was gorged, at one time,
perhaps, with masses of ice, and the fine sand and coarse materials accumu-
lated against the gorge, and, at a subsequent period, the creek wore a new
channel through this material. The upper side of this drift deposit is fine
sand, but the materials grow coarser as we descend, until, at the lower side,
there are immense irregular or partially worn masses of granite. On the
sides of the valley the rocks are often much smoothed and grooved, as if
by floating masses of ice. We assume the position, of which there is most
ample evidence all over the Rocky Mountain region, that, at a comparatively
modern geological period, the temperature was very much lower than at
present, admitting of the accumulation of vast bodies of ice on the summits
of the mountains. The valley of the South Platte, as that stream flows
through the range east of the South park, show, not only these accumula-
86 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
tions of very coarse boulder drift, but, when this drift is stripped off, the
underlying rocks are found smoothed, and, in some instances, scratched, as
if by floating icebergs.
" In regard to the character of the gold and silver mines of Colorado,
much information of practical value has been secured; but my limited time
will not permit me to present it in detail in this preliminary report. It will
be more fully elaborated during the coming winter. I would simply remark
that my observations indicate to me that the silver mines of Georgetown are
very rich, and practically inexhaustible, and that, under the present system
of working them, they are becoming, daily, more and more important. The
amount of labor that is continually expended in opening mines and driving
tunnels is immense, and their future importance, as a source of wealth to the
country, greatly increased. The same remarks will apply to the gold mines
of Gilpin county. There are some remarkably rich lodes, which have
yielded the enterprising miners untold wealth, and some that will continue
to do so. In the majority of cases, where proper management and economy
have been employed, the mines have been a great source of profit to the
miner. It is not necessary to enter into the causes of the wonderful failures
and swindling operations which have brought Colorado into such disrepute
in the past. It is sufficient for me to state my belief that the mining dis-
tricts of Colorado will yet be regarded as among the richest the world has
ever known."
In referring to Berthoud's pass through the main range, from the head
waters of Clear creek to the Middle park. Prof. Hayden writes:
"The range of mountains in which the pass is located is composed of
gneissic rocks — as are all the ranges in the mining districts. The ascent
was very steep on the south side, up to the region of perpetual snow; but
the descent on the north side is quite gradual.
"Great quantities of loose materials, from the basis rocks, are scattered
thickly over the summits, of every variety of the metamorphic class. Most
of the peaks are well rounded, and covered with soil and vegetation. Grass
and flowers grow far up above the limits of arborescent vegetation. As
we ascend, the pines, spruces, and cedars dwindle down in size until they
become recumbent and trail on the ground. Some of the highest peaks are
very sharp and covered with loose rocks, as if only the usual atmospheric
influences had ever affected them. Their sides are often massive escarp-
ments of rocks, down which an infinite quantity of fragments have fallen,
making a vast amount of debris at the base. Of course their rocky sides
are entirely free from vegetation, and the oxide of iron gives them a rusty
reddish appearance. One mountain at the head of Clear creek is called
Ked mountain, from the fact that the rocks have a bright red color in the
distance. The evidences of the outpouring of igneous rocks in this mount-
ain are very marked; indeed, it may be called an eruptive range.
"From the summit of Berthoud's pass, at a height of 11,816 feet, we
can look northward along the line of the main range, which gradually flexes
around to the northwest, while the little streams seem to flow through the
rifts. The general appearance of the western slope of this great range
would mdicate that it is a huge anticlinal, composed of a series of ranges
on each side of a common axis, and then smaller ranges ascend, like steps, to
the central axis. The western side of this ridge slopes gently, while the
eastern side projects over abruptly. This main range also forms a narrow
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 87
dividing line, or 'water-divide,' between the waters of the Atlantic and
Pacific. I stood where the waters of each side were only a few feet apart,
and felt a real joy in passing down the western slope of the mountain by
the side of a pure crystal stream, whose waters were hastening on to the
great Pacific.
''All down the western slope is a great thickness of superficial material,
loose sand, decomposing feldspar, with partially worn rocks of all sizes.
This is due, quite evidently, to local influences, ice and water wearing down
the sides of the mountains and depositing the material adhering to the
masses of ice along the slopes.
"The springs of water are very numerous, and the water seems to collect
in the thick grass and moss-covered earth, forming large bogs. It is also
interesting to watch the growth of a stream from its source, receiving in its
way the waters of myriads of springs, until it becomes a river too formidable
to ford easily. This little stream, which rises in the pass, we followed to the
park, where it is fifty yards wide, and contains an abundance of fine trout."
Concerning the mountains that surround the South park on the north
and northwest, and east, we make the following extract from Prof. Hayden's
report :
"But one of the most conspicuous formations, and greatest in extent and
importance, is the boulder drift. This seems to be mostly confined to the
northern and northwestern portions of the park, where the principal placer
diggings occur. In the valley of the South Platte, especially near Fair
Play, there is a prodigious exhibition of the boulder formation. The rocks
are well rounded by attrition, and apparently have been swept down from
the mountains. Wherever the drift occurs there are long table-lands or
terraces, especially in the vicinity of the little streams, and they seem to be
planed down with such wonderful smoothness that it must have been done
by the combined action of water and ice.
" Along the west and north sides of the park are a large number of lofty
eruptive peaks, which seem to me old volcanic cones. One of the peaks, in
the range west of Fair Play, seems to have a crater-like summit, the rim
broken down on the east side. All around the inside of the remainder of
the rim, the layers of basalt appear like strata, inclining from the opening
in every direction, as if the melted material had been poured out and had
flowed over the sides in regular strata. There are also tremendous furrows
down the sides of others. In the mountains north of the park are huge
depressions in these volcanic ranges, the sides of which are quite red, as if
they had been in active operation at a comparatively modern period. I am,
therefore, inclined to believe that the magnificent range of mountains on the
west side of the Arkansas river, extending far northward, is one series of
old volcanic cones. As we leave the plains and ascend the mountains at the
northeast side of the park, we pass immediately from the older tertiary beds,
covered thickly with drift, to the metamorphic rocks, mingled with outbursts
of eruptive rock. Toward the summit, there was a great series of gneissic
beds, of all varieties and textures. All these mountains east of the park
have a gneissic and granitic nucleus. As we descend the valley of a small
branch of the North Fork of the South Platte from the Kenosha House, we
pass down a monoclinal rift. On the west side is the slope, covered with a
thick growth of pine and spruce, while on the left side are the projecting
edges of the massive red feldspathic granites, with two sets of cleavage
88 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
lines- the vertical with a strike northeast and southwest, and the other
inclining at an angle of 30°; the strike, southeast and northwest; while the
bedding inclines with the hills. The bedding is so regular and massive that
it looks like massive sandstone stratification. The Platte, with all its little
branches, flows through these rifts or intervals between the ridges; one side
of the stream, a plain gradual slope; the other, extremely abrupt, with the
rugged ends of the gneissic or granitic rocks projecting out in a most remark-
able manner. After passing along massive granite walls about five miles, we
go through four or five miles of singularly banded gneiss, and then massive
granite again, of every degree of texture, from a fine, close feldspathic rock,
with no mica, to a coarse aggregate of quartz and feldspar and fine particles
of mica. One of the interesting features of these mountains is the fact that
all the little streams find their way through these monoclinal valleys. We
see also the main axis of the range, composed of massive granite, with a
distinct bedding, which is sometimes inclined, and sometimes horizontal,
with the banded gneiss inclining from each side. It seems quite clear that
each one of these great ranges of mountains is a grand anticlinal, with a
massive granite axis, with the gneissic granites inclining from each side in
the form of ridges, among which the various streams find their way. The
trend of these ranges is in the most cases northwest and southeast, or nearly
so. Some of the gneissic rocks in the Platte valley look like laminated
sandstone, with a regular dip 18*^ to 30°. The tops of the highest ranges
are, in some cases, covered very thickly with loose fragments of rocks.
"Passing down from the junction to Denver, we have some of the finest
examples of jointage structure in the gneissic rocks that I have ever seen;
there are two lines of fracture — one with a direction northeast and south-
west, the other northwest and southeast, with the lines of bedding — making
a fine study for the geologist. Some of the beds are thus broken into
nearly square blocks, and others in diamond-shaped masses.
" On reaching the base of the mountains, the usual ridges of sedimentary
rocks are passed over — red beds, Jurassic, cretaceous, and tertiary. The
tertiary beds commence within a mile of the foot of the mountains, soon
becoming horizontal in their position, and before reaching Denver, they are
scarcely seen on account of the superficial deposit of drift and alluvial which
covers them."
Of the South park and its geological features. Prof Hayden says:
"The South park is completely surrounded with gigantic ranges of
mountains, and inside of them the sedimentary rocks, when exposed, seem
to dip toward the centre of the park. Indeed, I should regard the South
park as one immense quaquaversal.
"Around the salt works is a group of laminated sandstones, mostly
brown and gray, overlaid by a great thickness of light gray gypsiferous marl
with a bed of crystallized gypsum four feet thick. The valley in which the
salt springs are located is covered with an efiiorescence of what is usually
called, in this country, 'alkali.' On the east side of the creek, which runs
past the salt works, is a high isolated basaltic butte. About a fourth of a
mile east there is a hill composed of the gypsiferous marls, on the surface of
which are numerous deposits of calcareous tufa, as if a number of springs
had issued from it in former times.
_ " These salt works are quite extensive and costly. The springs are two
m number, but the- brine is not abundant or strong. Salt has been manu-
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 89
factured here in considerable quantities, and a large portion of Colorado has
been supplied with it. These springs are very interesting, in a geological
point of view, though their origin is somewhat obscure to me, yet I believe
they belong to the triassic or saliferous sandstones.
" About four miles north of the salt works is a high ridge, inclining
northwest twenty degrees, composed of a series of variegated sandstones and
shales 300 to 400 feet thick. These are, without doubt, the group which I
have usually called triassic, or red beds. Still further north we find them
inclining southeast, with several thin beds of blue, very hard, cherty lime-
stone, which is characteristic of the red beds. Near Fair Play the brick-
red beds are well shown. It seems, therefore, certain that the principal
sedimentary rocks which are found in the South park are triassic.
'' About ten miles south of Fair Play several thin beds of blue, close, brit-
tle limestone appear, intercalated among the red sandstones, dipping a little
east of south, forming a sort of synclinal; that is, the dip is nearly opposite
that of the beds near the salt works. These limestones, with the red sand-
stones, may possibly be of permian age. No fossils could be detected in
them. The sandstone is, in some cases, micaceous, or composed of mica and
small crystals of quartz; in others, a fine aggregate of worn pebbles, a sort
of fine pudding-stone. These variegated or red beds continue close up to the
eruptive ranges for five miles. North and wesfe from Fair Play we come to
a high ridge of sandstone with a reddish tinge and slightly calcareous, the
dip being north of east, or nearly east, and the ridge forming a marked line
running nearly north or south, through the middle of the park, from the
mountains nearly to the salt works. Just east of this ridge is another ridge
of quartzose sandstone or cretaceous. Then comes a very large thickness of
the laminated cretaceous clays, covering the country for about fifteen miles.
Near McLaughlin's, twelve miles northeast of Fair Play, the lignite tertiary
sandstones and clays overlie the cretaceous and jut up against the mountain
side. About a mile north of the ranch Mr. McLaughlin has opened a coal
mine. Hje sunk a shaft eighteen or twenty feet through a bed six to ten
feet of very impure coal; some portions of it can be used for fuel. The dip
of the coal bed is forty-five degrees northeast from the base of the mount-
ains, which are not more than a quarter of a mile distant. Mr. McLaughlin
informed me that he had found 'oak leaves' in the shale above the coal.
These beds occupy the entire north end of the park, and no older rocks are
seen between them and the eruptive foot-hills of the mountains. It seems,
therefore, that the source of the elevating forces that upheaved these sedi-
mentary formations was in the range of mountains that form the western
rim of the park, and, so far as I could ascertain, there are no true ridges of
upheaval on the eastern side. Exposures of eruptive rocks are seen every-
where all over the park.
"Thefe are several localities where these rocks are thrust up through the
cretaceous and tertiary beds, and in the middle and southern portions of the
park are quite lofty isolated buttes and mountains of eruptive rocks."
Concerning the mountains south of the park, and the passage through
these by way of Trout Creek pass, we extract the following, from the same
report :
" As we ascend Trout Creek pass, we find granites of all textures, from
very fine compact feldspathic to a coarse aggregate of crystals. There are
also many intrusions of trap. All the rocks seem to weather in the same
90 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
way, by exfoliation, as if it were the desire of nature to round off all sharp
points or corners. I think it may be said that Trout Creek valley is a true
anticlinal.
" Sometime before reaching the top of the pass, we find on the sides of
the valley low foot-hills of carboniferous limestone, remnants of a once con-
tinuous bed. As we emerge into a little park, just before reaching South
park, we pass through a sort of canon, with walls of carboniferous limestone
on each side, inclining northeast at an angle of eighteen to twenty degrees.
This limestone rests directly upon the massive granite, and the bedding of
the granite inclines in the same direction and at the same angle. The lime-
stones are from 300 to 400 feet in thickness. There is one bed, about thirty
feet thick, of rusty quartzose sandstone about the middle of the limestone.
The lower beds are very hard, bluish, and cherty; but the upper ones are
yellow, purer, and contain imperfect fragments of fossils.
" There are here also several examples of the outbursts of basalt, assum-
ing very marked castellated forms.
" As we pass into this small park, which is about five or six miles long
and two wide, we have, on the north side of the road, a bed of very thinly
laminated black shale, passing up into a great thickness of laminated sand-
etones, all inclining northeast fifteen degrees, and on the summits of the
mountains, 400 to 600 feet directly above, are beds of limestone and quartzite
inclining in the same direction. The black shales have been prospected for
coal. Toward the upper end of this little park is a series of beds, some of them
with a reddish tinge, composed of alternate thin beds of shale, sandstone,
pudding-stone, and arenaceous limestones, which belong underneath the
black shales before mentioned.
"It seems to me that these beds are Jurassic, or much newer than the
carboniferous, but, in the upheaval, have fallen down below the carboniferous
limestones, which have been lifted far up in the ridge beyond. As we ascend
the ridge which forms the southwestern rim of the South park, we meet
with what appears to be the same black shales and sandstones on the summit,
which we saw some hundreds of feet lower, in the small park."
The following extract will sufficiently describe that portion of the second
division south of South park :
"The Kio Grande del Norte river rises in the park of the Animas, flows
east about 150 miles to the San Luis valley, then bends abruptly south
through the middle of the San Luis valley. The northern portion of the
valley is called the San Louis park proper. This northern portion, above
the bow of the Rio Grande, is about sixty miles in length, and has an average
width of fifteen to twenty miles. About the centre of this park is a singu-
lar depression, about ten miles wide and thirty miles long; it looks like one
vast thicket of 'grease wood,' Sarcobatus vermicular is, and other chenopia-
ceous shrubs. Into it flow some twelve or fifteen good sized streams, and
yet there is no known outlet, neither is there any large body of water visible.
It seems to be one vast swamp or bog, with a few small lakes, one of which
IS said to be three miles in length. Although entirely disconnected from
any other water system, the little streams are full of trout.
"On the south side of the Sierra Blanca the foot-hills are composed of
the hght-colored marls, and on the west side of the mountain, and near
Mosca pass, are the sand hills, which are composed of the loose materials of
this formation.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 91
" Here also is another conspicuous remnant of it left after erosion. On
the west side, just below Sawatch creek, and in the Rincon, are some rather
high hills of this marl at the base of the mountains. The materials thrown
out of the excavations of prairie dogs show that the valley is entirely under-
laid with it. I am convinced, therefore, that this fresh-water deposit occu-
pied the whole of this valley from Poncho pass to the mouth of Gallisteo
creek, and how much further southward I cannot tell; but there is evidence
that it extends, either continuously or with interruptions, through New
Mexico, and even further.
" From Fort Garland to the Poncho pass no sedimentary rocks of older
date than the marls are seen along the margins of the mountains on either
side until we reach Kerber's ranch, about ten miles below the summit of the
pass. On the west side of the valley, on the foot-hills, is a large thickness
of carboniferous limestones, lifted high on the summits, and dipping east at
an angle of fifty degrees. This limestone continues only a few miles, and is
another of the remnants that are left of the sedimentary rocks among the
mountains.
"Commencing at Fort Garland, the range of mountains that wall in the
San Luis park on the east side is grand in its proportions. From the Sierra
Blanca nearly to the Poncho pass it appears to be purely eruptive, and to be
composed of a series of ranges or axes trending nearly northeast and south-
west. At the northern end the eruptive portion ceases, and the lower meta-
morphic mountains flex around so as to trend northwest and southeast. On
the west side, the mountains are far less lofty, but they seem to form a
nucleus of metamorphic rocks, with a vast number of dikes, from which
the basalt has poured over nearly the entire region. All the foot-hills south
of the Sawatch are composed of eruptive rocks, but north of that point the
gneissie rocks are seen. This range of mountains seems to be made up of
a number of smaller ranges, with a general trend northwest and southeast.
It would seem that where a range of mountains is purely eruptive, the
minor ranges trend northeast and southwest, but that where there is a meta-
morphic nucleus the eruptive materials follow the strike of the minor
ranges.
"At the summit of the pass the hills are grass-covered and the road
excellent, but the nucleus of the mountains on the east side is metamorphic,
with dikes of eruptive rocks everywhere. The little stream, the valley of
which we descend, flows through a monoclinal rift or interval between the
ridges of metamorphic rocks.
"About two miles from the summit this little branch is joined by the
main fork, and the whole continues to flow through a monoclinal valley until
it empties into the South Arkansas. The main Poncho creek rises in
one of the loftiest peaks in Colorado. This peak has a large depression on
the east side, which may once have formed a portion of the crater. At the
junction of the forks commences one of the most remarkable examples, of
what appear to be igneous rocks, I have ever seen in the West. On the east
side of the creek we have the steep slopes, and on the west the projecting
edges. "We have here 800 to 1,000 feet of eruptive rocks with a sombre
hue, but with a stratification as perfect as in any sedimentary rocks. It is
composed of layers never over one to four inches in thickness, inclining south
of west forty-five degrees. Some of the layers would make good flagging
stones.
92 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
"A little further down we come to the gneissic rocks, inclining northwest
fifty to sixty degrees. Some of the black-banded gneiss has zigzag seams
of feldspar and quartz running through them.
"About three miles before reaching the Arkansas there is a curious
junction of the massive red feldspathic granites, inclining northeast seventy
degrees, with the dark -banded gneiss, inclining northwest twenty -five
decrees. At the point of synclinal junction all is confusion; the two kinds
of rocks are crushed together, and yet there is no break in the mountain.
As we emerge from the pass to the South Arkansas we have the finest exhi-
bition of banded gneiss I have seen in the West. The rocks are of various
colors — red, yellow, white, and black — and the layers are quite thin, and
their appearance is very picturesque. The general course of the Poncho
creek, from its source in the snow peak to the Arkansas, is north.
"The gneiss is very varied in its texture; some of it contains garnets;
some of it is very close feldspathic, micaceous, or whitish quartzose.
"On the east side of Poncho creek, about 150 feet above the Arkansas,
on the side of the mountain, is a hot spring surrounded with a large tufaceous
deposit. There is also, near the foot of the pass, on the side of the mountain,
an extensive deposit of the yellowish marl, filled with water-worn boulders.
" Between the South and North Arkansas there are some remarkable
terraces or benches, extending the whole breadth of the valley, from moun-
tain to mountain. On the north side of the South Arkansas are three
terraces, beside the rounded hills near the base of the mountains, which rise
iia succession like steps.
"The high eruptive range which seems to cross the South Arkansas, and
to pass up along the west side of the North Arkansas, appears to be com-
posed of a series of enormous dikes, in a chain, merging into each other,
and having a strike about northeast and southwest. The general trend of
the aggregate is about north and south.
" On the west side of the Arkansas valley the recent tertiary beds run
up to and overlap the margins of the mountains. They are composed mostly
of fine sands, arenaceous clays, and pudding-stones, cream-colored arenace-
ous clays and rusty yellow marls, fine sand predominating. These beds
weather into peculiar architectural forms, somewhat like the 'Bad Lands'
of Dakota Indeed, they are very nearly the same as the Santa Fe marls,
and were, doubtless, cotemporaneous, and dip at the same angle, three to
five degrees, a little west of north. The tops of the hills have all been
planed down, as if smoothed with a roller. I have called this group the
Arkansas marls. They occupy the entire valley of the Arkansas. This
valley is about forty miles in length, and, on an average, about five to ten
miles in width. It might properly be called a park, for it is completely
surrounded by mountains. On the west side is one of the grandest ranges
of eruptive mountains on the continent. On the east side is also a lofty
range with a metamorphic nucleus, but intersected everywhere with basaltic
dikes. The first and lowest range runs parallel with it, and is sometimes
cut through by it. It seems to be composed of massive feldspathic granite
of igneous origin.
"Near the mill, on a little branch just below the mouth of Trout creek,
^ there is a high rounded peak, with a crater-formed depression at the summit,
which is grassed over, while all around the rim there is a fringe of pines. I
am inclined to think it is an old volcano.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 93
"At the point where Chalk creek emerges from the eruptive range the
sides of the canon present a singuhir white chalky appearance. This seems
to be due to the decomposition of the eruptive rocks, which appear to be
true dolerite.
" The drift evidences in this valley are very conspicuous. All along the
Arkansas, and in the valleys of the little branches, are very thick beds of
water-worn boulders of all sizes. The last of the eroding forces seems to
have come from the range of mountains on the west side.
"The granite on the east side of the river possesses, in a wonderful
degree, the tendency to disintegrate by exfoliation. There is a kind of
bedding which breaks the exfoliation or confines it. In these massive
granites there are two sorts of cleavage besides the lines of bedding; one of
these is usually vertical, and has a strike northeast and southwest, and the
other southeast and northwest, inclining twenty to forty degrees.
"On the summit of the mountains is a series of beds, one above the
other, of what appears to be basalt, and these beds, with the granites beneath
them, incline each way from Trout Creek valley northeast and southwest,
forming what appears to be an anticlinal."
The scientific world is every season interesting itself more and more in
the study of the Colorado system of parks, and of the stupendous and, as
yet, scarcely explored volcanic structures beyond the snowy sierra. These
form the prominent features in our third division of Colorado. Active vol-
canoes are, for the most part, on the edges of continents, near the ocean
borders, and in the islands of the sea, while those which have been long
extinct, and whose seething funnels of eruption were long since closed, are
met with in great numbers in the more central regions of continents.
Of the extinct variety there are very many examples in western Colo-
rado, some of which are of immense size. The lava rocks are not usually
metalliferous, although they abound in mineral glass (obsidan). They
have passed through a complete process of liquefaction and distillation, and
are consequently brittle, porous, friable, and readily break down into fine
powder, and eventually go to form a very fertile soil. In some instances
the liquid ebullition has overflowed from fissures hundreds of miles in length.
Vast areas have been submerged, so that they now resemble lakes of black
solidified sea water. Pedrigal is the technical name applied to this forma-
tion, while the rocks are termed malpais. This formation is found contin-
uously over a considerable portion of New Mexico, Colorado, Utah and
Idaho. It lies west of the main range or snowy sierra, and is parallel with
its crest.
The Rio del Norte, from its source in the snowy San Juan mountains,
400 miles, to Albuquerque, uninterruptedly cleaves a pedrigal of wonderful
dimensions. Green river penetrates, longitudinally, the same pedrigal, pro-
longed to the northward. Its eastern shore is washed by the Great Salt
Lake. It stretches away to Snake river, whose chasm, for more than 300
miles, cleaves a naked plain of lava, which, in places, expands to a width of
100 miles.
This is, therefore, the site of what was once the most stupenduous vol-
canic region of which the world has any record, but where the fires of
nature have ceased to belch their wrath !
The direction of the mountains, and the drainage, is from north to south.
The waters sweep away to the Pacific, through the Great Colorado of the
94 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
West J to the Atlantic, through the Platte, the Arkansas, and the Rio del
Norte'. The average width of this longitudinal trough is about 400 miles;
the Rocky cordillera form its continuous eastern wall; the Sierras, Wasatch
and Sierra Mimbres form its western wall.
To give a more detailed description of the remarkable formations that
characterize this division of the Territory we again quote from Prof. Hay-
den's journal. Referring to the Middle park, he writes:
" About ten miles above the hot springs Grand river flows through an
enormous gorge, cut through a high ridge of basalt, which seems to be an
intrusive bed, for above and below the sedimentary rocks are well shown,
but partially changed. Underneath are the cretaceous shales of Nos. 4 and
5, and above are the lignite tertiary beds. These beds all dip west 23°.
" These eruptive rocks are very rough, as if they had been poured out
without much pressure. Much of it is a very coarse conglomerate, the
inclosed masses appearing to be the same kind as the paste; that is, origi-
nally, of igneous origin. Some of the inclosed rocks are very compact, close,
and all were more or less worn before being inclosed. This rock is a true
dolorite. I did not see any inclosed masses .that I could call unchanged.
This basalt extends a great distance, continuing a nearly uniform thickness,
and inclining: in the same direction with the cretaceous beds below and the
tertiary beds above.
" On both sides of Grand river, but especially on the east and northeast
sides, extending up nearly to the foot of Long's Peak, are quite large expos-
ures of the recent tertiary beds. They are nearly horizontal, and have
much the appearance, in color, of the Fort Bridger beds, of which Church
buttes is an example. These beds are composed, for the most part, of fine
sand and marl, but there are a few small rounded boulders scattered through
it. Below the gorge, on the north side of Grand river, these outflows of
basalt have formed some well-defined mesas; at least three beds ascending,
like steps from the river. Below the gorge the river fiows through what
seems to be a rift of basalt, that is, on the north side. The basalt lies in
horizontal beds, but on the south side is the sloping side of a basaltic ridge.
The dip is nearly northwest, though the trend of this basaltic ridge is by no
means regular. One portion of it has a strike northwest and southeast, and
another north and south. The tertiary rocks reach a great thickness, and
are elevated high up on the top of the basaltic ridge, 800 to 1,000 feet above
the river. They are mostly formed of fine sandstone and pudding-stone.
These fine sandstones contain some well-marked impressions of deciduous
leaves, among which are good specimens of Platanus haydeni. On the
north side of Grand river, in some localities, the tertiary beds are elevated
BO high, on many of the eruptive mountains, that they are covered with per-
petual snow. These eruptive beds are certainly among the most remarkable
examples of the overflow of igneous matter that I have ever seen in the West.
" At one locality I saw a remarkable intrusive layer between the red or
variegated beds, which are supposed to be triassic and the Jurassic. It is a
very compact, heavy syenite, and forms a ridge of upheaval, and dips in the
same direction and at the same angle with the unchanged beds above and
below.
" About four miles below the first basaltic canon on Grand river, appar-
ently, the same ridge comes close to the river again. On the north side
there is a high basaltic uplift, which shows well-marked lines of stratification,.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 95
as if the melted material had been poured out in thin regular sheets or
layers. The dip is about north. In many places the entire mass is made
up of a coarse conglomerate, and has the peculiar steel color which seems to
characterize modern eruptive rocks. The dip of this basaltic ridge, at this
point, is 36°. On the opposite side of the river there is an isolated portion
cut ofiF from the main ridge, with a dip about south or southeast 24°.
"Continuing our way west, down Grand river, we pass over a series of
upturned ridges of sedimentary rocks, inclining in the same direction with
the basaltic ridge, trending parallel with it, composed of cretaceous and older
tertiary beds. Looking eastward from the Grand canon, below the hot
springs, this remarkable basaltic ridge seems to form a semicircle, with a
general dip about north
" Immediately below the hot springs the Grand canon commences, and
the river cuts its way through an upheaved ridge of massive feldspathic
granite for three miles, between walls from 1,000 to 1,500 feet high. The
south side is somewhat sloping, and covered thickly with pines, while the
north side is extremely rugged, the immense projecting masses of granite
forbidding any vegetation to gain a foothold. It would seem that the river
had worn its way through a sort of rift in the granite, but at the upper end
it has cut through the uplifted sedimentary ridges nearly at right angles.
In some places the north side is gashed out in a wonderfully picturesque
manner, so that isolated columns and peaks are left standing, while all the
intermediate portions have been worn away. This granite ridge will aver-
age, perhaps, five miles in width, and extends an unknown distance across
the park northeast and southwest, and it is from the southeast side that the
ridges of upheaval above described incline.
"The granite ridge seems to form a sort of abrupt anticlinal. On the
southeast side the rocks are all bare or coverec* with a superficial deposit of
recent tertiary marls. None of the older unchanged rocks are seen on this
side, but the modern sands and sandstones are exposed in a horizontal posi-
tion in the channel of the river.
"The hot springs are located on the right bank of Grand river, at the
juncture of the sedimentary rocks with the granites. Just east of the
springs is a high hill, Mt. Bross, 1,000 to 1,200 hundred feet above Grand
river, which seems to be composed mostly of the older tertiary strata, alter-
nate yellow and gray sandstones, and laminated arenaceous shaly clays. The
whole is so grassed over that it is difficult to take a section. The beds
incline east of north at a small angle. I regard the beds as of the age of
the coal formations of the West, older tertiary. I found excellent impres-
sions of deciduous leaves, among which are those of the genus Magnolia.
Just opposite the springs the left bank of the river shows a perfect section
of all the layers from the cretaceous to the Jurassic. The bank is not more
than ten feet thick above the water, and yet it shows that the river itself
rolls over the upturned edges of all these beds.
"The section, in descending order, is as follows:
" 1. Tertiary strata, forming the greater part of the hill known as Mount
Bross.
" 2. Gray laminated sandstones, passing down into arenaceous clays with.
BacuUtes ovatus, etc.
" 3. Black clays of No. 4. These are of great thickness and every variety
of texture. As shown in a cut bank of the river, it is a yellow arenaceous
96 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
clay with layers of sandstone, in which the impressions of deciduous leaves were
observed. These layers project up a distance, along the bank , of seventy paces.
"4. Dark plastic clay with cone in cone, seams of impure clay, iron ore.
Then comes an interval in which no layers could be seen, sufficient to include
No. 3 — 250 paces.
"5. Dark, steel-black laminated slate, with numerous fish scales; dip,
twenty-seven degrees. This slate passes down into alternate layers of rusty
sandstone and shaly clay.
"In the upper bed of sandstone and shaly clay are obscure vegetable
impressions, leaves, stems, nuts, etc., evidently deciduous. In the upper bed
of sandstones are two or three thin seams of carbonaceous shale, and the
intervening layers of sandstone are almost made up of bits of vegetable
matter. Toward the lower it becomes a hard mud rock, passing down into
rusty, yellow sandstone with all sorts of mud markings. Then comes a bed
of bluish plastic clay with sulphur and oxide of iron; dip, thirty-three
degrees. Then rusty, fine-grained gray sandstone, passing down into a very
close massive pudding-stone, composed of very smooth nicely-rounded peb-
bles, surrounded with silica. This stone would be most excellent for build-
ing material, and is susceptible of a very fine polish. A fracture passes
directly through the pebbles, the paste being harder, if anything, than the
inclosed pebbles; dip, thirty-one degrees. This is a very thick bed, and is a
portion of No. 1, cretaceous, or a sort of transition bed between the creta-
ceous and the Jurassic.
"The red and variegated beds lie fairly upon the gneissic granites, and
although they are shown very obscurely here, yet I think they must exist,
inasmuch as they are so well revealed not more than fifteen miles east of
this point, so that I have no doubt they are lost beneath the mass of super-
incumbent material. I think the light-colored clays, lying underneath the
bed of chalky clay, are Jurassic. There is a bed of fine gritty clay under-
neath the pudding-stone, which would make excellent hones.
"In the intercalated sandstones above the pudding-stones are plants just
like those observed in No. 1 at Sioux City, on the Missouri river, and the
composition of the strata is the same ; there is a Sah'x, a coniferous plant,
the cones of a pine, etc.
"I have given this detailed description of thp cretaceous rocks to show
the exceeding variableness of their texture, and also to call the attention of
scientific men, who may hereafter visit this interesting locality, which will
soon become celebrated, to a section of the rock through which the waters
of the spring must pass in reaching the surface. Now, in whatever rocks
these springs may originate, the water must pass a long distance through
the almost vertical strata of the cretaceous period, in the sediments of which
are found, in other localities, nearly all, and perhaps a-11, the mineral constit-
uents found in these springs. The deposits around these springs are very
extensive. No analysis has yet been made, but large masses of gypsum and
native sulphur can be taken out, at any time, from the sides of the large
basin-like depression into which the water flows. They are properly ' Hot
Sulphur Springs,' varying in temperature from eighty to one hundred and
twelve degrees.
"About fifteen miles west of the springs is the valley of the Trouble-
some creek, a small branch of the Grand river, flowing from the basaltic
mountains on the northern side of the park.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 97
" I visited the region under the guidance of Mr. Sumner, an old resident
of the park. The surface of the country, along our road, was strewn with
eruptive rocks. We saw several localities where the basaltic rocks pro-
truded, and one place in Corral creek, about eight miles west of Grand river,
where the little stream has cut a deep channel through the red granites.
The older tertiary beds appear from time to time.
"Troublesome canon, at the head of the creek bearing this name, is
entirely basaltic, and the rugged walls, not only of the main stream, but also
of the little branches, form a most picturesque view.
'•Below the carton the valley of Troublesome creek, and also that of
Grand river near the junction, is occupied by belts of modern tertiary sands
and marls, like those observed at the entrance of the park by Berthoud's
pass. Where the little stream cuts the terraces, horizontal strata of whitish
and flesh-colored sands and marls are exposed. I looked in vain for fossils,
and found only specimens of silicified wood. There are cold sulphur springs
in this valley-. All through the park the benches or terraces are conspicu-
ous in the vicinity of streams, as at the bat^e of mountain ranges. In the
park through which Frazer's creek flows these benches or terraces are most
beautifully carved out from the modern marls.
"I regret that my visit to the Middle park was so short that I could not
explore the entire area with care, for few districts in the West can afford
more material of geological interest, and an entire season could be spent
studying its geology and geography with great profit.
"The agricultural resources of the Middle park are, as yet, unknown.
No attempt has been made to cultivate any portion of it. Grass and grazing
are excellent, and the soil good, and, if the climate will permit, all kinds of
garden vegetables could be raised in abundance, and some varieties of the
cereals. Timber is abundant, both for lumber and fuel.
"In summing up the geology of the Middle park, we find that all the
sedimentary rocks known in this country are found there. I did not see any
beds that I could define as carboniferous; but the triassic, Jurassic, creta-
ceous, and tertiary are well developed. I have no doubt as to the existence
of true carboniferous limestones in the Middle park.
"The tertiary deposits of this region may be divided into two groups,
viz., the lignite or older tertiary, and the modern pliocene marls and sands
which seem common to the parks and mountain valleys The former con-
form perfectly to the older beds, while the latter seldom incline more than
three to five degrees, and do not conform to the older rocks. The marl
' group is undoubtedly contemporaneous with the Arkansas and Santa Fe marls
"The geological structure of the Middle park is more varied, compli-
I cated, and instructive than that of any other of the parks."
From Prof. Denton's article on the "Geology and Geological History of
Colorado," published in 0. J. Hollister's valuable work on the " Mines of Col-
orado," we quote the following concerning the fossil insects discovered in the
Territory :
" Specimens of fossil insects from No. 3 (Petroleum shales, varying from
a cream color to black) were submitted to Mr. Samuel H. Scudder, secre-
tary of the Boston Society of Natural History, who has made fossil insects
a special study. The following is his description of them:
"'This is the fifth discovery of fossil insects in this country, if some
tracks and an apparent larva in the triassic rocks of the Connecticut valley
98 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
be correctly referred to insects; but it is the first time that they have been
found in the tertiary beds of America. These were obtained by Prof. Den-
ton on a trip of exploration west of the Rocky Mountain range, not far from
the junction of White and Green rivers in Colorado.
'"The specimens were brought from two localities, called, by Prof. Den-
ton, Fossil canon and Chagrin valley, lying about sixty miles apart. The
rocks in both cases are the same; above are the beds of brown sandstone,
passing occasionally into conglomerate, and thin beds of bluish and cream-
colored shale alternating with the sandstones, all dipping to the west at an
angle of about 20°. These contain fossil wood of deciduous trees, fragments
of large bones, most of which are solid, and turtles, some of which are two
feet in length, and perfect. Prof. Denton considers this sandstone as prob-
ably of miocene age. Beneath these rocks are beds of petroleum shale, a
thousand feet in thickness, varying in color from a light cream to inky
blackness; these shales are filled with innumerable leaves of deciduous trees,
and throughout their extent the remains of insects abound. Tfce specimens
brought home are about fifty in number, many of the little slabs containing
several diiferent species of insects upon them. The number of species
amounts to about fifty also, although a number of specimens are so fragment-
ary or imperfectly preserved as to be difficult and often impossible of iden-
tification.
" ' The most abundant forms are Diptera, and they comprise indeed two-
thirds of the whole number, either in the larval or perfect state; the others
are mostly very minute Coleoptera, and besides these are several Homoptera,
an ant belonging to the genus Myrmica, a night-flying moth, and a larva
apparently allied to the slug-caterpillars or Limacodes.
"'The perfect insects among the Diptera are mostly small species of
Mycetophilidge, a family whose larvae live mostly in fungoid vegetation, and
Tipulidge, whose larvae generally live in stagnant water; there are, besides,
some forms not yet determined, of which some are apparently Muscidae, a
family to which the common house-fly belongs. The larvae of Diptera
belong to the Muscidae and to another family, the latter of which live, during
this stage, in water only — none of the larvae, however, belong to the species
of which the perfect insects are represented on these stones. The Homop-
tera belong to genera allied to Issus, Gypena, Delphax, and some of the
Tettigonidae.
" ' A comparison of the specimens from the two localities shows some
differences. They both have Mycetophilidaj, but Fossil canon has a propor-
tionately greater abundance and variety of them. Fossil canon has other
flies also in greater number, though there are some in both; but Myrmica, the
very minute Diptera, and the minute Coleoptera are restricted to Fossil
carion. On the other hand all the larvae, both the Diptera and that which
appears to be a Limacodes, were brought only from Chagrin valley.
" ' Of course the number of specimens is too small to say that the faunae
of these two localities are distinct, although the same species has not been
found to occur in both, and the strata being 1,000 feet in thickness, there is
opportunity for some difference in geological age, for new collections may
entirely reverse the present apparent distinction. Neither is it sufficient to
base any satisfactory, that is at all precise, conclusions concerning their age.
Enough is before us, however, to enable us to assert, with some confidence,
that they cannot be older than the tertiaries. They do not agree in the
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 99
aggregation of species with any of the insect beds of Europe, or with the
insects of the amber fauna; and, since they have been found in Europe in
considerable numbers, only at rather wide intervals in the geological record,
we should need more facts than are at our command, by the known remains
of fossil insects, to establish any synchronism of deposits between Europe
and America. Much more satisfactory results could probably be reached by
a comparison of the remains of leaves, etc. Anything more than a very
general statement is therefore, at present, quite out of the question.'"
Of the region in which the shales that contain these fossil insects are
found, and of the shales. Prof. Denton writes:
"The country in which these are found is a most remarkable one. From
the summit of a high ridge on the east, a tract of country containing 500
or 600 square miles is distinctly visible. Over the whole surface is rock,
bare rock, cut into ravines, canons, gorges and valleys, leaving in magnifi-
cent relief, terrace upon terrace, pyramid beyond pyramid, rising to mountain
heights, amphitheatres that would hold a million spectators, walls, pillars,
towers, castles everywhere. It looks like some ruined city of the gods,
blasted, bare, desolate, but grand ■ beyond a mortal's telling.' Originally an
elevated country, composed of a number of soft beds of sandstone, of varying
thickness and softness, underlaid by immense beds of shale, it has been worn
down and cut out by rills, creeks and streams, leaving this strange, weird
country to be the wonder of all generations.
"In this region is found a deposit of petroleum coal, scarcely to be dis-
tinguished in any way from the Albertite of New Brunswick. In lustre,
fracture, and smell, it appears to be identical, and would yield as much oil
as this famous oil-producing coal. It is in a perpendicular vein, three feet
wide, and was traced from the bottom of Fossil canon, near Curtis Grove,
White river, to the summit level of the country, a thousand feet in height,
and for nearly five miles in length, diminishing in width towards the ends
of the vein. Its description and analysis is thus given by Dr, Hayes, of
Boston :
"'Black, with high lustre like Albertite, which it resembles physically;
specific gravity 1.055 to 1.075. Electric on friction; breaks easily, and con-
tains .33 of one per cent, moisture. It affords 39.67 per cent, of soluble
bitumen, when treated with coal naptha, and after combustion of all its parts
1.20 per cent, of ash remains; 100 parts distilled afforded bituminous
matter, 77.67; carbon or coke, 20.80; ash left, 1.20; moisture, .33; total,
100.00. It expands to five or six time its volume, and leaves a porous cake,
which burns easily.'
"The vein is in an enormous bed of sandstone. No. 2; and its walls are
smooth. Beneath the sandstone are the petroleum shales No. 3, one bed of
whjch, varying from ten to twenty feet in thickness, resembles cannelite, and
would, it is thought, yield from fifty to sixty gallons of oil to the ton. This
bed was traced for twenty-five miles in one direction, and was seen at points
sixty miles apart in another, and it no doubt extends over the entire distance.
If so, in that single bed are twenty million million barrels of oil, or a thousand
times as much as America has produced since petroleum was discovered in
Pennsylvania. There are few beds of coal that can compare with this in the
amount of bituminous matter which it contains, or in the great value that it
possesses as an article of fuel. The tertiary beds of Colorado are as rich
in fuel and gas-making material as any coal region with which we are
100 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
acquainted; though it is more than probable that the petroleum now in the
shales and petroleum coals came originally from the oil-bearing coral beds
of some much older formations."
In compiling this description of the geological features of the country,
we have occupied more space than the character of our work demands, and
still we have not done justice to the subject, nor to the author's from whom
we quote so fully, but trust we have given sufficient interesting information
to satisfy the general reader, and convey to the student of geology some idea
of the vast geological field within the limits of Colorado, as yet but partially
explored. In conclusion, we append Prof Frazer's list of metals and minerals :
" Iron pyrites, (FeSj.) — Almost universal in the mines. Occurs in cubes
from the size of a pin's head to those of an inch on the sides. Also, in
pentagonal dodecahedra.
" Copper pyrites, (CujS+FeSj.) — Is only second to iron pyrites in the
frequency of its occurrence.*
" Zinc-blende, (ZnS.) — Is also very common, especially in the Georgetown
region. Fine specimens were obtained from the Baker lode. West Argen-
tine, and the Griffith lode, close by Georgetown. Also, from Gilbert's
(formerly Commonwealth Mining Company) lode, near Nevada City.
" Galena, (PbS.) — Usually argentiferous. In all the lodes of the vicinity
of Georgetown. Contains from one hundred to six hundred ounces silver
per ton.f
^'■Brittle silver ore, (StephaniteSAgS-f-SbsSj.) — Occurs in the silver
mines of Georgetown. (Terrible and Brown lodes.)
'' Fahlerz, [(4RS-f4Cu2S)QS3. R=Fe, Cu, Zn, and often some Ag and
Hg=Q=Sb and As.] — Also in the region around Georgetown. The form-
ulae here given are from Naumann's Mineralogy. I am not aware that Hg
has been discovered in this ore ; but, as it coincides, in its physical properties,
with the ordinary fahlerz, I append the above formula.
'■'■Light ruby silver (Proustite), (SAgS.AsSs); Dark ruby silver (^Pyrar-
gyrite), (SAgS.SbSs.) — Handsome specimens of these two ores were observed
intermixed with the galena from the Brown lode. Also, from Snake river.
" Silver glance, (AgS.) — From the Georgetown neighborhood. Equator
and Terrible lodes. A ton of galena, containing much of this ore, was
recently sold, by a gentleman of Central City, to Prof. Hill, for $1,900 cash,
and the latter realized a profit of $700 from it.
" Copper glance, (CujS.) — Bergen district, near Idaho City, Pleasant
View, etc.
* " Both iron and copper pyrites of this region contain gold in indefinitely fine
particles. The former is, in fact, the gold ore. Where these minerals have been
exposed to the action of the weather, they have been decomposed and the gold set
free. The value of the gold in a ton varies from nothing to S500, and even more. I
have observed small octahedra of gold on the crystal faces of iron pyrites from the
Pleasant View mine near Central City.
t" It is somewhat remarkable that these veins of galena generally ' pinch up,' or
grow smaller, as the depth increases. I talce this general statement from the best
authority I could obtain on the subject. A gentleman, well acquainted with the
Georgetown ores, informed me that all attempts hitherto to produce lead for the market
had failed from the deficiency in the supply of galena. This statement, which I give
for what it is worth, appears all the more remarkable when one compares it with the
icxperience of miners in Freilberg, Przibram, and Clausthal.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 101
''Malachite, (CuO.COz); Blue vitriol, (CuO.SOs+SHO); Green vitriol,
(CuO.SOj+THO.) — Occur in various mines from the decomposition of the
pyrites.
'■'■ PyromoryMte, (PbO-POj+PbCl.) — Associated with the galena of
various mines near the surface.
" Specular iron ore, (FeO.FejOs.) — Cache-a-la-Poudre, St. Vrain, etc.
''Red and broicn hematite, (FcjOs ^^^ FejOg-f-HO.) — Of frequent
occurrence in the vicinity of the coal.
" Coal. — Beds of coal occur all along the flanks of the mountains; but
in the property of Mr. Marshall are perhaps the best exposures. Here are
no less than nine outcrops. They make their appearance at various points
along the range as far down as Santa Fe, and are of unknown extent.
Albertine coal, or solidified petroleum, is stated by Prof. Denton to occur on
White river, in the western part of the Territory.
" Gold — Occurs in the neighborhood of Central City, in the German
lode, and many others. In the Placer diggings. Some beautiful crystals
attached to cubes of iron pyrites in the ore from the Pleasant View
mine.
" Silver. — In many mines as wire or hair silver. Brown and United States
Coin lodes.
" Cerussite, (PbO.COj.) — Pleasant View mine. — In small translucent
crystals occurring in geodes.
" Anglesite, (PbO.SOj.)— Freedland lode. Trail run.
"Horn silver, (AgCl.) — Georgetown, Snake river.
" Emholite, (AgBr-|-AgCl.) — Peru district. Snake river.
" Titanic iron ore, {x TijOa-f-y FejOj.) — Quartz Hill, and Russell gulch,
near Central City.
"Micaceous iron ore, (FejOs- ) — Elk creek. In fine crystals, like
mica.
" Spathic iron ore, (FeO.COs-) — Eureka and Griffith lodes, etc.
" Smithsonite, (ZnO.COj-) — Running lode. Black Hawk, etc.
" Salt, (NaCl.) — From Salt springs in South park, twenty miles south-
east of Fair Play. Can produce 40,000 pounds per diem.
" By characteristic minerals, I mean to include all those that have no
commercial value. They furnish proof, in most cases, of the presence of
other minerals, of rocks, or of formations. Of the characteristic minerals,
among the most common are —
" Hydrated oxide of iron, (brown ochre, yellow ochre, bog iron ore, etc.)
— Occurs with the coal beds at South Boulder, Golden City, etc., etc., and
is frequently regarded as a surface indication of the presence of gold, silver,
and the precious ores generally.
" Quartz, (SiOj.) — The most important of the characteristic minerals.
Very widely diifused. Forms the gangue of nearly all the veins of the
precious metals in Colorado. As the gangue rock it crops out on the hill
sides in white or colored streaks, usually intersecting the planes of stratifica-
tion of the rocks. Uncrystallized, presenting sharp and jagged edges, and
a broken conchoidal uneven fracture, sometimes weathered by the disinte-
gration of the minerals it contained. Pebbles and partially rounded crystals
of quartz are abundant in the prairies east of the Rocky Mountains, whence
they have been carried down, and may be observed hundreds of miles east
of the easternmost 'hog-back.' Indeed, the abundance of these -small
102 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
pebbles of quartz, and of the red feldspar, is very remarkable, occurring, as
they do, in great quantities on the summits of the little prairie hillocks, at
such an immense distance from their place of origin.
" 1. Smoky quartz and black quartz. — Elk creek.
" 2. Rock or Berg crystal. — Near ' Dirtywoman's Ranch,' and in geodes
in various mines.
" 3. Rose quartz. — Quartz Hill.
« 4. Agate (Moss agate, etc.) — Middle park, Arkansas River park, etc.
" 5. Amethyst.— Nevada City, Mill City, etc.
" 6. Aventurine. — Elk creek.
" 7. Heliotrope (bloodstone). — Middle park.
" 9. Carnelian. — South park and Middle park.
"10. Chalcedony. — South park, Trout Creek pass, etc.
"11. Chrysoprase. — Middle park.
"12. Jasper. — South and Middle parks.
" 13. Onyx. — Middle park. Grand river, etc.
" 14 Sardonyx. — Golden City, Mount Vernon.
" Hornstone, flint, milk quartz, prase, cat's-eye, fire-stone, and other dif-
ferent varieties of silicic acid, are met with in the above localities, but have
no especial interest.
^'Opal, (hydrated silicic acid.) — Idaho City, Golden City, South Boul-
der, etc.
^^ Feldspar. — Very abundant in the mountains, and, as boulders and
pebbles, throughout the Territory. Associated with quartz iu the granites,
gneisses, and porphyries of the gold-bearing mountains.
"a. Orthoclase (Al2O3.3SiO3-f-KO.SiO3) is largely the predominant
feldspar in the rocks in Colorado.
"al. Pegmatolite. — Flesh-red, orthoclastic, abundant as pebbles, scat-
tered, with quartz, over the prairies for hundreds of miles. Forms red
granites and gneisses with quartz and mica, and red syenites with hornblende.
Very common.
" a 2. Adularia. — Forms a white porphyry when associated with quartz
in many places along Fall river, and in many veins. Not common.
" a 3. Sanidin. — Fine crystals of hopper-shaped sanidin from Quartz Hill.
"6. Plagioclastic feldspars.
"b 1. Albite, (AlA-aSiOs-t-NaO.SiOg.)— Trout Creek pass.
" b 2. Oligoclase. — Arkansas River park, etc.
"6 3. Labrador, (Al203.Si03-(-CaO.Si03.) — In the basalts and diabases
of the region about the Spanish peaks, Trinidad, the upper part of San
Luis park, and the Puntia pass.
^^ Hornblende^ (silicate of lime, magnesia, and suboxide of iron.) — In the
syenite in and around Idaho.
" Diorite. — Near Empire City, and elsewhere.
" Garnet. — South park, twenty miles from Fair Play. Breckinridge.
" Mica, (K0.Si03+ Al^Oa.SiOa-hRO.SiOs.)
"1. Potash mica. — Light colored. Frequent in the gneisses of Gilpin
and other counties.
" 2. Magnesian mica. — Dark colored. Frequent in the gneisses of South
park. Trout Creek pass, etc.
''Leucite, (Al203Si03-|-KO.Si03.)— In trachytic lava between the
Cuchara and the Apishpa.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 103
" Chlorite. — In diabase, near Trinidad.
^^ Amphihole, (augite.) — In basalts, near Trinidad, and diabase, near
Apishpa.
''Epidote, (CaO-SiOs+CAljOs+FeAjSiOs.)— Trail creek.
" Tourmaline. — Guy Hill.
" Calc spar, (CaO.Coa.) — Very widely distributed. Idabo, etc.
" Gi/psuni, (CaO.SOs-l-HO.) — Interstratified in the new red sandstone
or triassic beds. South park, etc. Also, accompanying the coal in thin
scales.
" Anhydrite. — Elk creek.
" Salt. (NaCl.) — In solution in many springs. As deposit on rocks in
their vicinity.
" Heavy spar, (BaO.SOg.) — As gangue rock in many mines. Baker
lode, etc.
" Meteoric iron. — Found near Bear creek.
''Beryl, (AlA-SSiOa+GlASSiOs.)— Bear creek.
"■ Brucite, (MgO.HO.) — James creek.
''Idocrase, [(CaO+MgO)Si03.]— Bear creek."
CLIMATOLOGY.
Although climate exerts an unlimited influence over every living thing,
in both the animal and vegetble kingdoms, and is the constant subject of
familiar and learned comment, and notwithstanding the fact that remarks on
that inexhaustible theme — the weather — fill up all awkward gaps in every-
day conversation, and become the forlorn (conversational) hope of timid
lovers and bashful young gentlemen, still climatology, as a positive science
(if it can be classed as such), is but little understood, and has not received,
from scientists, the careful investigation and thorough discussion its import-
ance demands. This is owing, in a great measure, to the absence of a com-
plete concerted system of obtaining and recording meteorological observations,
including every district of t-he country, and extending through any regular
series of years. It is true, the Smithsonian Institute has established stations
throughout the country, where suitable apparatus is placed in the hands of
competent persons, and a great amount of valuable data collected, which
reaches the public through documents published by that institution; and
that, recently, the War Department has also established numerous stations
within the limits of the States and Territories, where observations are taken
regularly, and trans mtted to Washington by telegraph; but, as yet, the
student of the climatology of Colorado receives but little assistance from
these, and the compiler of this Chapter has not had access to any connected
record of meteorological observations made within the borders of the Terri-
tory. In the absence of these, our remarKS can only be a series of obser-
vations— the result of personal investigation and careful inquiry.
All of Colorado is included in the boundaries of the temperate zone, and,
notwithstanding the great elevation of the mountain regions, no degree of
cold exists which will give any portion a right to be classed otherwise than
104 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
as temperate. According to Lorin Blodgett's maps, illustrating the mean
distribution of heat, the plains portion of Colorado is embraced in the same
isothermal lines that include New York and Philadelphia, on the Atlantic
coast; Columbus and Cincinnati, in Ohio; Indianapolis, in Indiana; Spring-
field, in Illinois; Leavenworth, Kansas; and Council Bluffs, Iowa. The
foot-hills are embraced by the same lines that take in Boston and New Bed-
ford, Massachusetts; New Haven, Connecticut; Albany and Buffalo, New
York; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Detroit, Michigan; Chicago, Illinois;
Milwaukee and Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin; St. Paul, Minnesota; Omaha,
Nebraska; and Fort Benton, on the upper Missouri. The main range and
its western slope, and the greater portion of the Territory west of the
mountains — that of Halifax, Nova Scotia; Frederickton, New Brunswick;
Portland and Bangor, Maine; Hanover, New Hampshire; Burlington, Ver-
mont; Montreal and Quebec, Canada; the upper Lake Superior region; and
the country surrounding the head waters of the Red River of the North.
Admitting the correctness of these lines, the periodical occurrence of
heat and cold, in Colorado, is not characterized with the extremes peculiar
to any of the locations above named. Although the altitude -of a great
portion of the Territory makes the degree of cold greater than in the same
latitudes at lower elevations, still the degree of cold indicated is not in pro-
portion to the elevation, basing the calculation upon rules the result of
established observations in European countries According to European
theory, every 380 feet of elevation makes a change in climate equal to a
degree of latitude. If this held good in Colorado, the summit of the main
range would have a temperature equal to Greenland, and the plains that of
the coast of Labrador, in British America; while the established fact is,
the average temperature of the plains is about the same as that of the
same latitudes on the Atlantic coast, and that of the mountain regions
the same as exists on the Atlantic sea-board in a latitude but three or
four degrees further north. It is not the province of this work to
theorize upon the causes of this phenomenon, but to give publicity to
the important fact which so largely influences the prosperity of the
Territory. That the elevation has something to do with generating a latent
heat in the soil and rocks, which destroys humidity, is apparent; and per-
haps the peculiar geological formations of the country may also aid in pro-
ducing the aridity peculiar to the plains and mountains of these regions.
But, whatever may be the causes, the results are a less average fall of rain
and a greater degree of dryness in the soil than in the same latitude on the
prairies, the Appalachian range of mountains, or on the Atlantic sea-board.
According to Blodgett, the average rain-fall of the plains is about eighteen
and that of the mountains about thirty inches. One of the effects of this is
the necessity of irrigation, on the plains, before the soil will produce vegeta-
tion to any great extent. This absence of moisture does not, however, affect
the growth of grasses indigenous to the country. These abound on the
plains and mountain slopes, and are peculiarly abundant and nutritious in
the valleys.
Its influence upon the atmosphere is remarkable. This is entirely free
from humidity, and wonderfully clear, health-inspiring, and exhilarating. It
destroys miasma of every kind, and forbids the existence of noxious gases
and offensive exhalations. In the mountain region the avera<.re deposit of
moisture is sufficient for all agricultural purposes; but on the plains, as before
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 105
stated, artificial means must be resorted to before the rich soil will produce
largely. The numerous streams, supplied by the snows and rains of the
mountains, furnish an ample supply of water for this purpose, and the for-
mation of the country makes the use of this water practical, with trifling
expense.
The greatest falls of snow on the plains, in the latitude of Denver, usually
occur in the autumn months, commencing in October. This never exceeds
ten or twelve inches, and never remains on the ground for any length of
time — not often longer than twenty-four hours. In the southern part of
the plains the fall of snow is trifling, and the winters very mild. Cattle find
abundance of food, from native grasses, at all seasons, and do not require
shelter.
In the mountains the fall of snow commences in September, and the
greatest amount falls in September, October and April. Although on and
near the summit of the range the fall is considerable, and there are places
where it remains the year round, still it does not usually remain on the
ground for any length of time. It is not unusual for the greater portion of
the mountains to be nearly bare at all seasons.
On the plains the heavy falls of rain are in the spring and early sum-
mer, scarcely any falling in autumn or winter. There is no "rainy season"
in any portion of the Territory. In the mountains rains are quite frequent
in the summer and autumn, but long continued rain storms are unknown.
The greatest extremes of cold and the most severe storms occur in
November and December, in all parts of Colorado. The balance of the
season is comparatively mild, except at great elevations, where considerable
cold is experienced at all seasons. Heavy wind storms are common in the
mountains, and quite frequent in all parts of the Territory; but tornadoes
are unknown.
The absence of clouds, the year round, is remarkable. The clear, beau-
tiful blue sky, and glorious sunshine, are seldom shut out by mists or fogs,
except when rain or snow is falling. Cloudy weather is not peculiar to
Colorado.
The average temperature of the plains regions of Colorado is from 50° to
55°; that of the foot-hills from 45° to 50°; and that of the mountains from
40° to 45°. The mercury rarely indicates below zero, on the plains, even in
the coldest weather, and seldom exceeds 80° in the warmest. Damp, chilly
days, or hot, sultry nights, are unknown in Colorado. On the summit of
the mountain ranges, and on the higher peaks, the cold is often extreme;
but in the mountain valleys and foot-hills it rarely reaches a point below
zero, and in midwinter we have seen delightful weather not more than five
miles from the region of perpetual snows.
The results of these climatological conditions are, an extremely healthful
and invigorating atmosphere, peculiarly beautiful and enjoyable, well adapted
to all agricultural pursuits, stock-raising, wool-growing, and all other out
door avocations.
COLORADO AS A RESORT FOR INVALIDS.
So much has been said of the wonderful eff"ects of a residence in Colo-
rado in restoring invalids to health, and, in particular, of her wide-spread
celebrity in the relief and cure of tubercular and pulmonary afiections, that
a brief consideration of this important subject will not be out of place.
106 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Probably it is not amiss to assert that at least one-third of the present
population of Colorado consists of reconstructed invalids. They have come
here from all sections of America, and some, even, from the old world— all
in ea-'-er search of the fabled Fountain. Some came with gnawing and
intractable dyspepsia; some with asthma or bronchitis; others had com-
menced "bleeding at the lungs," or were confirmed and hopeless victims of
old-fashioned "consumption." Many, it must be said, came too late to be
benfited, and only to be buried in the land of strangers, or expressed back
to their friends, in metallic caskets. On the other hand, thousands, whose
cases were considered hopeless, have here found permanent and gratifying
relief This is especially true of asthmatics. For this class of patients the
atmosphere of Colorado is almost a certain panacea.
Having given this subject especial investigation, and closely questioned
the best medical authorities of the locality, we are led to conclude that, in
cases of asthma, although the above statements are not exaggerated, the
cure is chiefly negative— an absence of the irritating and inciting causes —
rather than any miraculous healing qualities inherent in atmosphere or
climate. Without, however, entering upon a study of the metaphysics of
physiology, it is enough to know that, unless the convalescent returns again
to his old haunts and habits, and to the original causes of his disease, this
dreadfully distressing malady is here perfectly and permanently cured.
One of the most eminent medical authorities, in treating of asthma,
strongly urges a change of residence, as a last resort, and says:
"There are no fixed laws with respect to the best climate or situation for
asthmatics; each case has its own law, which is only to be ascertained by
experience. The principle to be acted on is that there is a locality in which
each martyr to this complaint will sufier less, and, perhaps, be entirely free
from it; and the plan should be, to make repeated trials until the desired
spot is found."
We can improve upon this advice by assuring its learned author (Prof
Austin Flint, of Bellvue Medical College, New York), who is himself a
great sufferer from asthma, that "the desired spot" has certainly been
found. The disease, in its most aggravated and long-seated forms, is relieved
in so nearly every instance, by a residence here, that the exceptions are not
to be taken into account; and almost perfect immunity from it is enjoyed by
every case remaining in the dry, salubrious atmosphere and perpetual sun-
shine of Colorado.
Consumptives, who come here before the ravages of the disease have been
already too long unchecked, almost certainly recover; while others, who could,
elsewhere, only exist in constant suffering and helplessness, are here enabled
to pass the remainder of their days in comparative comfort, frequently regain-
ing a considerable degree of vigor.
Dyspeptics also recover their lost DOwers of assimilation, and, by proper
care, become robust, and competent at table.
Those afflicted with bronchitis and affections of the throat, many of
whom have tried Minnesota, the West Indies, California and sea voyages, in
vain, become sound and well by a sojourn in Colorado.
An analysis of the elements combining to produce such apparently
remarkable results would lead to the consideration of the following :
1. Altitude. — As will be seen from our chapter on physical geography,
Colorado, as a whole, occupies the topographic centre, and is, in fact as well
I
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 107
as figuratively, the summit of the continent. Taken in detail, its different
localities present a great variety of elevation, ranging from 4,000 feet, in
the Arkansas valley, to 10,000 feet, in the mountain parks, above the sea-level.
Considerable difference of opinion exists, among medical men, as to
what altitude, other things being equal, is most favorable for chronic invalids
of the classes mentioned. This, undoubtedly, depends very much on the
chiiracter of the disease, the age, temperament, and habits of the patient,
and the particular stage of advancement of the malady, whatever it may be.
In some cases of asthma the higher the elevation the more speedy and per-
fect the relief. Occasionally inveterate cases fail of substantial aid until
they ascend to some of the mountain towns, a residence in the valley — as
everything outside the mountains proper is here termed — only ameliorating
the severity of the paroxysms. On the other hand, cases of advanced pul-
monary disease at the altitude of Georgetown (nearly 9,000 feet) would
prove speedily fatal; while at Pueblo, on the Arkansas (4,500 feet), the
patient would steadily improve, or, at least, live in comparative comfort.
Mere altitude is not, however, as a rule, the primary thing to be con-
sidered, although its influence is more or less marked in every case. . The
physiological effects of a residence in high altitudes are to hurry respiration,
and, consequently, accelerate the pulse; to compel an augmentation of the
breathing capacity rapidly and at once, in order to provide the requisite
quantity of oxygen from the rarified air inspired. Hence the danger to
those far advanced with tubercular consumption, and to such as are subject
to pulmonary hemorrhage. For the same reason, patients suffering from
certain forms of heart disease are more injured than benefited by a removal
to localities much more elevated than the one to which they have been
accustomed.
For almost every form of disease, barring the exceptions mentioned
above, the increased activity imposed on the respiratory organs, by residence
in high altitudes, is a direct and constant benefit. Nothing is better for a
dyspeptic, or a sufferer from hepatic disorder, indigestion, or general torpor,
than to make him breathe. Increase his respirations from sixteen to twenty-
four per minute, and you give him a new experience. His blood circulates
with equally increased rapidity, and is much more perfectly aerated; his
appetite is increased; digestion and assimilation promptly responding to the
increased demand and the increased action of the diaphragm, his biliousness
oozes out through the pores of his skin, and lo, he becomes a new being!
One of the curses of civilized life is the consummate stinginess with
which most people breathe. Here, whether in the "valley" or on the
mountain heights — for even the bed of the Platte, at Denver, is a lineal mile
higher, above the sea-level, than New York or Philadelphia — one must
breathe, both more fully and more rapidly, or die of suffocation. The result
is a permanent increase of the breathing capacity. The chest of a well-
proportioned man, by actual measurement, has been known to expand three
inches in as many weeks, after arriving here; and the appetite keeps pace
with the respiration.
The effect is a general awakening of all the vital powers, that often seems
lik§ very magic, so that, no matter what was the original complaint, the
patient is suddenly and substantially improved.
2. Climate. — This varies considerably with the altitude, as well as the
varying topography of the country. Almost any climate desired can be
108 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
found within the limits of Colorado. In the southern portion, and in some
of the sheltered valleys, there are days in midsummer when, for a few hours,
the mercury ranges above 100° Fahr.; while, at the same moment, there are
heights in the mountains where one would be comfortable in the fur wrap-
pings of a Laplander.
At Trinidad, near the southern borders, in the valleys of the Huerfano
and Apishapa, and at Pueblo, on the Arkansas, the season opens considerably
earlier than at Denver and other points north of the " Divide." Even at
Colorado City, on the Fontaine qui Bouille, the springs are noticeably earlier
than they are but a short distance further north and across the "Divide."
The southern slope of the latter, extending from its crest to the Arkansas — a
distance of eighty miles — is so situated as to catch the perpendicular rays
of the sun, and gather spring-like warmth from them, while yet the snows
lie, unmelted, on the northern slope. Also, more snow falls, in winter, on
the latter than on the former.
Colorado City is situated at about the middle, and Pueblo at the base of
the southern slope ; while Denver is midway, and St. Vrain at the foot of the
northern.
Located in that happy mean of latitude (37° to 41° north), between the
extreme winters of the Northern States and the enervating heats and
humidity of the Southern, Colorado enjoys, as a whole, the most equable
and desirable climate of any portion of the western hemisphere. Its win-
ters are mild, comparatively little snow falling, except on the mountain
ranges; and its summers are remarkably cool and bracing. There is about
a month of each season during which, in the valley country, the mercury, at
midday, ranges as high as at New Orleans; but one needs to keep on hand,
in July, about the same clothing as is required at Christmas; and there are
not half a dozen nights in the season when a pair of blankets to sleep under
are, in any degree, uncomfortable. In the mountain towns gloves and over-
coats are very convenient, even in dog-days • and flannel underclothing should
everywhere be worn the year round.
3. Alimentation. — By which is meant, not merely the kind and quantity
of food taken, but its essential qualities and its utilization in the animal
economy.
Bread, the leading staple in all dietaries, is of uniformly better quality,
in Colorado, than in any other portion of the western country. Not that
citizens of Colorado are, naturally or by practice, better bread-makers than
those of other sections, but they have much better material to use, and
could not, if they would, make an inferior article. The best specimens of
wheat raised in Colorado are not excelled by that of any country in the
world, while the quality of that cereal is more uniformly good than that of
any section of the United States, not even excepting California. It is
always plump, white, thin-skinned, and wholly free from every species of
hereditary taint, smut, rust, blight, etc. The famous "blue stem" of the
Genesee valley, the "white winter" of Michigan, and the "Southern white"
of Tennessee and Kentucky are, none of them, equal to the commonest
varieties grown from the fresh, airy and wholesome soil of these mountain
regions. P
Without extremely delicate and, as yet, impracticable scientific tests, it
cannot be demonstrated that wheat grown in one section is chemically diflPer-
ent from that of another; but, from various experiments, it would seem that
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 109
Colorado-grown cereals are unusually rich in some of those essential elements,
including the phosphates, now so highly extolled by physicians and physi-
ologists in the treatment of tubercular and other diseases involving a lowered
condition of the vital functions.
We have not space to pursue this inquiry further, except to state, in a
general way, that this soil, formed by centuries of slow disintegration and
drifting down of mountain masses, is exceedingly rich in free alkaline matter
— soda, potash, lime, etc.
The first crop of wheat raised, in some localities, was so imbued with the
alkaline principle that it would effervesce with an acid, and would almost
"suds" with water. In fact, it could not be eaten at all.
Since the same soil has been turned up to the air, exposed to frosts, and
washed with frequent rains and artificial irrigation, it has parted with this
superficial excess of alkali, and yet retains this element in sufficient propor-
tion to render other needed elements more soluble and easier of assimilation
by plants.
Whatever be the causes, evidently Colorado flour is richer than other
samples, in the earthy and essential elements that help to build up healthy
tissue. Even the bread of the everywhere poorest of all breadmakers — the
professional baker — is, here, fairly and uniformly passable and palatable.
It is neither tough nor tasteless; it has flavor, and satisfies.
Colorado beef is becoming equally famous with Colorado bread. One of
the first reasons for this is that it is never made by stall-feeding. All the
beef produced here is exclusively from animals that range at will, and grow
tender and fat with feeding on the succulent and perennial grasses of the
valleys and plains. It has the tenderness of the best stall-fed samples, while
it acquires a flavor as delicate and appetizing as that of the wild game of the
mountains, which, in respect to taste and tenderness, it certainly resembles.
Chronic invalids are, almost always, benefited by a mere change of regi-
men, even if it be, in some minor respects, for the worse. If some change
can be made from the humdrum of the Eastern home to the fresh and novel
life of a mountain country, with its more substantial bread, more virile,
blood-invigorating beef, its tempting mountain trout, and juicy wild meat,
the benefits are multiplied tenfold.
After what has already been said, specific maladies and conditions for
which this climate and its accompaniments may be confidently commended
need not be particularized, but will readily suggest themselves to the merest
tyro in pathology. A few of the more important may be further mentioned :
Consumptives, in the first and second stages, may come to Colorado with
assurance that whatever climate, natural hygienic surroundings, pure air and
water, good food, grand scenery, romantic adventure and perpetual sunshine
can do for an invalid here awaits them.
In the third and last stage no combination of favorable influences and
healthful climate, even with the aid of consummate medical skill, can avail
further than to smooth the hopeless pathway to the inevitable end. Patients
of this class can only be advised to come or stay according to the particular
circumstances or preferences of each individual case.
That eminent English physician. Dr. Chambers, in his incomparable
lectures on the Renewal of Life, gives this very sensible rule respecting the
choice of climate:
"In choosing a home for your consumptive, do not mind the average
110 ROCKT MOi:>'TAIX DIRECTORY
hei^tt of the thermometer or its variations ; do not trouble yourself about
the'^mean rain-fall: do not be scientilic at all. but find out. from somebody's
journal, how manv days were fine enou^rh to go out forenoon and afternoon.
That is the tost vou require, and by that you may be confidently guided."'
Jud-ed by this standard. Colorado is one of the most favored spots on
the face of the civilized globe for a consumptive's refuge. Although the
sun does not glare, day inland day out, as in the heart of the African desert,
but is. almostdailv. softened by "the interposition of blossomy clouds, there
are not a score of davs. in any year, in which even delicate invalids may not
sit out of doors, ride' or walk, forenoon and afternoon, with comfort and
pleasure. Add to this the fact, already cited, that the nights are always cool.
insurins plenty of restful and refreshing sleep, and two of the most essential
conditions for tlie restoration of shattered nervous systems and broken con-
stitutions have been secured.
Another verv important condition is the uniform drvness of the atmos-
phere. The air is never thoroughly saturated with moisture, as it so fre-
quently is in every portion of the older States. There is no such thing
known' as "damp nieht air.'' One may sleep with doors and windows wide
open, summer and winter, for that matter, without once "taking cold.''
Even invalids sleep on the open plains, wrapped in a pair of blankets, but
otherwise unprotected, with the most perfect impunity. Evervthing invites
to outdoor life, and herein lies half the mystery of the -cures'' which are
credited to the country.
Of the restilts in dyspepsia, and all forms of indigestion, enough has
aLreadv been said. Whatever will aid the consumptive will aid the dyspeptic ;
for the constimptive is first a dyspeptic, and, in fatal cases, always starves to
death.
In patients afflicted with bronchitis the restilts are very flattering.
Scarcely a case but is rapidly relieved.
With regard to that scourge of the Eastern and Northern States, catarrh,
there is c-onsiderable difference of opinion. In a sweeping sense, whatever
benefits the general health relieves this malady, and, in this regard, the
country may be considered favorable for sufferers from catarrh. On the
other hand, the uniform dryness of the atmosphere is thought to aggravate
many c-ases. by favoring the formation of incrustations or concretions upon
the inflamed mucous surfaces, and thus further irritating them. In a
country where the rain-fall is so scanty and the air and ground so dry, there
is also necessarily experienced more irritation from dust; but this latter is
much less annoying than it would be nattiral to expect. Some catarrh
patients rep-on immediate and thorough relief. Others assert that their
cases are rather aggravated than improved. Doubtless very much depends
upon the varying c-onstitutional conditions and general habits of the different
observers.
For aU of scrofulous habit — and, to the medical man, the term scrofula
covers a multitude of physical sins, ranging all the way from delicate com-
plexions and over-sensitive nervous systems to spinal complaint, sloughins |
ulcers, and consumption itself — there is no better climate than that of Colo- j
rado, and no country where nature so constantly invites this class of patients '
to recuperative efforts and occupations.
And yet it is not enough that an invalid shotdd come here to sit help-
lessly down, and wait for the climate alone to perform miracles in behalf of
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. Ill
his restoration. All the inestimable aids of air and food, and sunshine and
scenery, will be lost to such as allow themselves to mope in-doors, and pine
■for home and former associations, and. perhaps, for the loss of coddling
.habits and enervating indulgences. Let them, rather, take to the saddle,
explore the parks, shoot antelope on the plains, elk in the mountains, or
feast on brook trout at^d salmon of their own catching. If they must have
business, let them keep out of office pens and away from dusty counters; let
them herd their own cattle, and live half the time in the saddle and the
other half under a tent or on the naked sod. While his steers, grazing as
they jog slowly marketward. grow into money, the whilom, wheezy banker, or
short-of-breath merchant will gain avoirdupois, chest measurement and sun-
burn in equal proportions.
There is another great army of sufferers, impossible to classify, who will
find this country peculiarly adapted to their rapid and thorough restoration.
We refer to those who, by close application, sedentary avocations, in-door
confinement, or nervous wear and tear from afflictions, financial reverses or
social discordances, have become shattered in constitution, unfit for any kind
of business, and tired of life. For such, here are new scenes, fresh expe-
riences, intimate communion with nature in her most persuasive moods, rest
from the world, and that best of all balms for hurt consciences and constitu-
tions— sleep.
INHABITANTS
This brief notice of the inhabitants of Colorado will be confined entirely
to the present white, or quasi white, population. The aborigines of the country
still occupy some of the best agricultural lands of the Territory, but it is to be
hoped they will soon be pushed further west or south, beyond our limits.
The Indians should occupy no country which is suitable for the habitations
of civilization. We have no statistics at hand which give their present num-
bers in Colorado, and we do not intend to inflict upon the public the novelty
of a register of the Utes. The tough names found in some of our southern
towns are quite as much as our publishers can endure, and more than the
printers can manage with any deirree of accuracy. What they would do
with a dialect worse than bastard Spanish, we do not know, and do not
intend to find out, as we read proof ourselves.
The language of gold is universal, and all nations are equally familiar
with its glittering power. When it went abroad to the world that Colorado
was an El Dorado, representatives from all civilized countries were attracted
thither by the magic potency of untold mineral wealth; and hence, our
present copulation represents all nationalities.
It is always the most adventurous and enterprising individuals from all
communities who make up the pioneers of remote countries. It requires
energy and daring to overcome the great difficulties that present almost
insurmountable barriers to the development of new and distant sections; and
especially was this the case in Colorado, before the construction of railways.
112 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
The Western pioneer has always been characterized by great daring and
energy, and the inhabitants of this Territory possess an unusual amount of
these qualities, so essential to the rapid development of a new country. This
is apparent everywhere. In a decade of years Colorado has made more pro-
o-ress in civilization, the building of cities and towns, the establishment of
institutes of learning and religion, and the accumulation of material wealth,
than any other section of the country.
As all classes of industries are represented, we have miners, mechanics,
business and professional men, agriculturists, stock-raisers and wool-growers.
These latter are mostly Americans, Englishmen and Mexicans. The miners,
who are perhaps the most numerous class, represent all nations, but, among
these, Americans and Cornishmen are most numerous. These make the
greater portion of the population of the mountain towns, and present more
peculiar characteristics than any other class. There is something in their
arduous and dangerous vocation, and the grandeur and beauty of their sur-
roundings, that makes them hospitable, daring, energetic, and generous.
They repi-esent all nations, but after a residence of a year or two in the
mountains, lose old national characteristics, in a great measure, and acquire
new ones, peculiar to the region. These changes are physical, as well as
mental. The thin, angular, and close-fisted Yankee becomes broad-shoul-
dered, deep-chested, and generous; the blustering and loud-mouthed Irish-
man is transformed into a quiet, industrious, and useful citizen; the canny
Scotchman does not forget his thrift, but loses his miserly and penurious
habits; the German retains all his industry, but becomes generous and
liberal. The Cornishman changes but little; still, his ideas become more
enlarged, and he is divested of his peculiar clannishuess. All classes become
nearer alike than the same varieties of nationalities in any other section.
One feature common to the miners of Colorado is unusual intelligence,
for a laboring class. They undoubtedly represent the better class of citizens
of the countries they migrate from, and many of them have, evidently, seen
varied phases of life in almost every country, before they sought the gold
mines of Colorado.
The professional men of our larger cities are, as a class, unusually culti-
vated and talented, for those of a new country. The want of professional
knowledge and culture which, too often, characterizes this class in new
countries, is not peculiar to our professional men.
The business men of Denver, Central, Golden, and all the principal cities
and towns of the Territory, are possessed of unusual enterprise, thrift,
business capacity and integrity. They are mostly Americans — the greater
number from the Eastern States. They retain all the thrift and capacity
native to this class, but none of the penuriousness.
The agricultural districts are populated mostly by "Western pioneers.
These possess traits characteristic of this class everywhere, and, besides
these, a spirit of progress and liberality peculiar to all the white inhabitants
of Colorado.
The mongrel races that inhabit the southern counties differ but little
irom the same specimens of degraded humanity, in New Mexico and else-
where, but that little is for the better. These races are neither industrious,
intelligent, nor energetic; but they form only a small portion the population,
and will soon be replaced by industrious citizens from the less favored agri-
cultural districts east of this.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 113
With the exception of the Indian and the mongrel races — a mixture of
Spanish, Mexican, Negro, and Indian — the inhabitants of Colorado are
peculiarly enterprising, intelligent, prosperous and hospitable.
In the large cities and towns good society exists, and moral and religious
teachings are observed with as much regularity as in the older Eastern cities.
The laws of the land are duly respected, and their enactments enforced as
rigidly as in any country, and life and property as safe in Colorado as in
Massachusetts. The days of lawlessness and unusual immorality are among
the things that were. We are not free from the vices and crimes that fol-
low civilization everywhere, but alive to the necessity of suppressing these
as much as possible; and immigrants can come to Colorado with the assur-
ance that they can enjoy the religious and educational privileges peculiar to
the older and more densely populated sections of the country.
AGRICULTURE.
How slight an accident sometimes brings about important results, initiates
a new order of things, makes the beggar a millionaire, the king a beggar I
In October, 1859, (that year from which the "oldest inhabitant" of
Colorado now dates everything), two heads of wheat were discovered ia
somebody's door-yard, in Denver. By some chance the seed had been
brought from the States, had fallen by the way-side, had taken root, and here
was the harvest. Probably but a single kernel was dropped, and the history
of that grain of wheat is the key-note of the present history of agricultural
experiments in the heart of the " Great American Desert." Ten years ago
this desert spread its inhospitable horizon over all that region of the conti-
nent now known as Colorado. Then hundreds of deluded seekers after gold,
venturing to cross the dreary and dreadful "plains," starved ere the journey
was half accomplished, and left their bones to whiten in the dry winds and
blanching suns of this human wilderness — so many monuments of grasping
human avarice. Those who survived to return, bronze-browned and half
savage from familiar contact with barbarism and the semi-scorched earth,
to tell the unwelcome tale of terrible suffering, hunger unsatisfied, thirst
unquenched, and hopes unrealized, could but paint the region as a realm of
horror, a dreary, unending and unmitigated waste of barrenness — treeless,
trackless, uninhabitable, and utterly forlorn.
But a single decade has passed, and lo, what a transformation ! Where
only the shaggy bison and the graceful antelope roamed unmolested and at
will, now a hundred herds of domestic cattle low to each other, from hill-top
to hill-top, and ruminate, at ease, in peaceful valleys. Then only the
war-whoop of the savage Indian, the fierce neigh^of the wild horse, or the
hoarse croak of the buzzard broke the oppressive stillness; now the hum of
human industry, the music of machinery, the whirl of swift wheels, and the
laughter of happy children greet the ear on every side; and the savage
"desert" has been made to teem with the ft-agrant rose of civilization.
To-day, Colorado produces better bread, beef and vegetables than any
other section of the known world. The yield of wheat from her tilled acres
8
114 ■ ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
exceeds that of every other portion of the Union, except, possibly, Cali-
fornia; while the quality is not equalled even by the best samples from the
Pacific coast.
The Colorado wheat crop of 1859 was two heads; that of 1S69, three-
quarters of a million, and that of 1870 nearly one million bushels.
The corn crop of 1870 amounted to 600,000 bushels; oats, rye and bar-
ley, nearly 1,000,000 bushels; and, of potatoes, turnips, and other root ciops,
350,000 bushels.
The wool crop exceeds 2,000,000 pounds, while the live cattle and beef
shipped to foreign markets or consumed at home, and dairy products of
every kind, were accurate figures at hand, would show a still better balance-
sheet in favor of the "arid waste."
The soil of Colorado is peculiar, in many respects. Some of it appears^
to the Eastern observer, to be utterly worthless — dry, hard, dead-looking,
and untillable. Very little grass grows on it in its wild state, and even
this is stunted and dried-looking, as though it had been close-sheared and
seared with a hot iron. But turn it up to the air, and give it a little water,
and it will produce anything that will grow in the temperate climate. It
produces not only a greater quantity, but, also, a much finer quality than
the best black loams of Illinois andOhio. It is remarkably well adapted
to the growth of wheat, oats, barley and rye. For corn, particularly in the
northern portions of the Territory, the nights in summer are too cool to bring
forward the crop to its greatest degree of perfection. In the southern valleys
there is no difficulty in raising the best quality of this cereal.
In fact, the grains of gold, that first tempted men hither, already begin to
sink into insignificance, in comparison with her golden grains.
Fruits, of every kind grown in this climate, have been tested sufficiently
to prove that they will grow here, of the finest quality. Apples, pears,
plums, cherries and grapes are an unquestioned success; while there is no
doubt but that peaches, apricots, quinces, nectarines, etc., will be equally :
successful. Grapes grown here are of an exquisite flavor, and very fine in I
size and appearance ; while the small fruits grow with a luxuriance and lus-
ciousness never attained east of the Missouri.
But Colorado is, par excellence, a grazing and dairy country. Millions I
of cattle may, yearly, be fattened on the succulent and nutritious grasses that
grow in her valleys and on her hill-sides. It is better than any tame grass
that ever grew, for the purpose, and, what is most singular of all, is as good
in winter as in summer — is practically perennial. Thus, cattle seldom need j
any artificial feeding in winter, but live and groio fat, from October till May, I
on nothing but what they pick of this wonderful grass. \
There is no limit to the business of agriculture and stock raising in I
Colorado. This is destined to become the dairy and granary of half the |
continent. i
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 115
DENVER PACIFIC RAILWAY.
This road was the first to give railroad communication to Colorado. It
extends from Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, to Denver, Colorado — a dis-
tance of 106 miles — connecting with the Union Pacific railroad at Cheyenne,
the Kansas Pacific and Colorado Central at Denver, and the Denver and
Boulder Valley at Hughes.
The advantages and benefits accruing to Colorado, from the completion
of this road, are incalculable. New life has been infused into her mining
and agricultural industries, and vigorous vitality given to all business enter-
prises. By this the tarifi^ on freight and passenger transportation has been
so reduced, from the high rates which were peculiar to stage and wagon!
lines, that it seems comparatively trifling. This has stimulated large immi-
gration and vast shipments of merchandise, which have increased the rev-J
enues of the Territory, and decreased the expense of conducting all business
and mining enterprises, and the cost of living generally.
The paramount advantages to Colorado of railroad communication, and
the practical benefits derived from that afforded by the Denver Pacific rail-
way, are everywhere apparent, and clearly demonstrated by the rapid increase
of population, the building of towns and cities, the active development of
mining property, and the extent and prosperity of agricultural industries.
Through the medium of this railroad Colorado first had direct communi-
cation with all business centres, east and west; her mineral and agricultural
products found a suitable market, at small expense and with trifling delay;
and capitalists, tourists, and all classes of immigrants, were enabled to avail
themselves of her unbounded resources, without the exposure and delay con-
sequent upon a journey across the great plains in a stage-coach or wagon
train.
The idea of constructing this railroad, which has afforded so much mate-
rial aid toward the complete development of the Territory, and the measures
which finally secured its completion originated with Colorado capitalists —
prominent among these, Gov. John Evans, of Denver.
In the fall of 1867 the initial steps were taken, by the organization of
a company for the purpose of connecting Denver with the Union Pacific
railroad, at Cheyenne, by means of a railway and telegraph line. The Board
of Trade of Denver took a prominent part in this important enterprise, and
were promptly and efficiently aided by the leading capitalists in the Terri-
tory, who influenced capitalists from abroad, and succeeded in raising the
necessary funds. Surveys were made at once, the route of the road decided
upon, and work pushed forward so energetically that fifty-eight miles of the
road — from Cheyenne to Evans — were completed and opened for business on
the 16th day of December, 1869. The further completion of the road was
effected without needless delay, and, on the 23d day of June, 1870, the first
passenger train arrived in Denver.
The financial exhibit of the company is represented by the following
figures :
Authorized capital stock $4,000,000
Paid in 4,000,000
Funded debt 2,600,000
Total cost of railroad and equipment 3,000.000
116 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
The road and its equipments and appurtenances are, in every way, first-
class, and adapted to an extensive business. The management of the road
is entrusted to the following directors and officers :
DIRECTORS.
^JoHN Evans, Denver City, Col. D. H. Moffat, Jr., Denver City, Col.
John Pierce, " " Walter S. Cheesman, " "
W. M. Clayton, '^ " Robert E. Carr, St. Louis, Mo.
Frank Palmer', " " W.J. Palmer, " "
R, H. Lamborn, Philadelphia, Penn.
officers.
John Evans, President. C. W. Fisher, Superintendent and
John Pierce, Vice-President. General Ticket and Freight Agent.
D. H. Moffat, Jr., Treasurer. W. Wagner, G-eneral Accountant.
R. R. McCoRMiCK, Secretary. James S. Potter, Road Master.
S. C. Bradford, Master Mechanic.
The well known business ability and financial responsibility of these
gentlemen are sufficient guaranty to the public that this road will always be
kept in excellent condition, and the comfort and safety of passengers, and
the rapid transit of freight, be a certainty at all seasons.
Along the line of the road, nearly its entire extent, are some of the best
farming lands in the Territory, which have been already considerably
improved by colonists and settlers; and, at difi"erent points, beds of lignite
have been discovered, which promise to be valuable.
THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD.
One of the accomplished facts of the age is the existence of this great
trans-continental railroad, which connects the Atlantic with the Pacific, and
forms an unbroken chain in connecting the old world with the new. For
many years before the commencement of the work, this matter had been
constantly brought before the people, and agitated in Congress, by the friends
and projectors of the movement. The feasibility ot the plans submitted,
accompanied, as they were, by topographical surveys of the section of
country marked out for the iron pathway, received, at first, but little notice
or commendation ; but perseverance, and palpable assurances of success in
the enterprise, by those whose sympathies were enlisted, at last procured the
recognition and essential co-operation of the Government. Thus it was that
a company, comprising, among the number, many of our wealthiest eastern
capitalists, was formed, and arrangements immediately made for the com-
mencement of a work, the magnitude of which can hardly be realized at
this day, which witnesses the triumphant and successful completion of the
greatest enterprises ever inaugurated.
Omaha, Neb., located on the western bank of the Missouri river, was
selected as the initial point; and here, on the 5th day of November, 1865,
ground was broken, with appropriate ceremonies, and the work commenced
with vigor.
By the act of 1862, the utmost limit extended, in the completion of the
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 117
enterprise, was July 1, 1875; and the opinion became general, with a large
class, that the labor involved would prevent the work from being brought to
a successful issue within the time allotted, though time and subsequent
events have fully eradicated that impression.
The work, on its inception, was necessarily slow and retarded, through
the absence of available machinery and material essential in the prosecution
of so great an enterprise. Shops were to be built, forges erected, and tools
to be manufactured, and an army of mechanics and laborers to be procured ;
all of which occupied time. However, these obstacles were soon met and
overcome, and the work pushed forward with alacrity. As an evidence of
the rapidity with which the work progressed, it is proper to mention that, by
the 1st of January, 1866, forty miles of road had been constructed, which
was increased, during that year, to 265 miles; and, in 1867, 285 miles more
were added, making a total of 550 miles on January 1, 1868. From that
time, the work proceeded with greater energy, and the following May wit-
nessed its completion as far as Promontory Point, Utah Territory, where it
met the Central Pacific railroad — the last 53-4 miles having been constructed
in a little more than fifteen months, being an average of one and one-fifth
miles per day. Although the world is generally acquainted with the history
of the road, yet few can form an adequate conception of the immense
amount of labor performed in obtaining the material to construct the first
portion of it.
The nearest railroad was 150 miles east of Omaha, and all the road
material and supplies for the laboring force had to be brought from the
Eastern cities ; thus, the only means of transportation to be had was through
the agency of freight teams, at the most exhorbitant and extortionate prices.
The laboring force was transported by the same means. As the country
600 miles west of Omaha is completely barren of lumber, save a scanty
supply of Cottonwood in the vicinity of Platte rirer, the company was
obliged to purchase ties cut in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Xew York, at
prices averaging as high as 82.50 per tie. It was not long, however, before
these obstacles were removed, and the work proceeded advantageously, on a
more economical basis.
The 10th day of May, 1869, was an eventful one in the history of the
Union Pacific railroad ; for it was then that the connection was made that
joined the Union with the Central Pacific road.
At a place called Promontory, a town (?) composed of about thirty board
and canvass structures, including a number of saloons and restaurants, the
great work of weary months was brought to a final and successful comple-
tion. The ceremonies of laying the last tie, and driving the last spike, were
not only impressive, but attended with the utmost enthusiasm. It was a
curious and motley group that gathered on that bright May day, to view the
consummation of one of the grandest of modern enterprises — an occasion
of great national importance. It was a day that was to demonstrate the
final triumph of the friends of the road over their croaking opponents ; and
it was resolved to give the utmost effect to the proceedings, and arrangements
were made accordingly, and carried out with great eclat.
It will be remembered, on this occasion, that the last tie laid was manu-
factured from California laurel, with silver plates bearing suitable inscrip-
tions, while, of the last spikes driven, there was one of pure gold, one of
silver, and another of gold, silver and iron.
118 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
When the locomotives of the two lines approached, and finally came
together and " kissed," the excitement was great, and the flow of wine
The cost of this gigantic enterprise has been variously estimated ; but
the estimate we publish is correct, as showing the amount of material used.
In the construction of the whole line, there were used about 300,000 tons
of iron rails, 1,700,000 fish-plates, 6.800,000 bolts, 6,126,375 cross-ties, and
23,505,500 spikes. Besides this, there was used an incalculable amount of
sawed lumber, boards for building, timber for trestles, bridges, etc. Esti-
mating the cost of the road, complete, by that of other first-class roads
(3105,000 per mile), we have the sum of $181,^0.000 as the approximate
cost of this work.
That out readers may be enabled to form some idea of the amount of
rolling-stock required to successfully operate a road of this magnitude, we
present the following exhibit, as showing the number of engines and
different kinds of cars now in use :
Locomotives 150 Fast freight cars 108
Passenger cars 40 Derrick and wrecking cars 3
Emigrantcars 22 Powder cars 2
Mail and express cars 16 Pay cars 2
Caboose cars 62 Officers' cars 3
^age cars 11 Fruit cars 12
Box carrs 1,032 Hay stock cars 48
Flat cars l.]t;5
Dump cars 52 Total 2,728
The number of ties to a mile is 2.650, on this road j but, on the eastern
roads, the number is far less.
The rails are " fished," making one continuous rail, thus adding to the
smoothness of the road, and securing an easy and pleasant motion to the
cars. Since its completion, the companies have been active in finishing up
and ballasting their tracks, so that, to-day, there exists no better road-bed in
the United States than that of the Union Pacific.
The principal works of the company are located at Omaha, and consist of
machine shops, round-house, blacksmith shop, foundry, car and paint shop,
stationary engine and water tank, and store-rooms.
The company is now actively engaged in the erection of a railroad bridge
across the Missouri, from Omaha to'Council Bluffs, Iowa. The bridge is of
the pattern known as the " Post patent," and will be of iron, a half mile in
length. ^ There will be eleven spans, of 250 feet each. It will rest fifty feet
above high water, and seventy feet above low water. The piers are to be
hollow cylinders — instead of stone— filled in with concrete, rocks, etc., and
similar in construction to the bridge crossing the Harlem river. New York.
This work will involve a cost of $2,000,000, and will be completed this year.
The railways which connect at the eastern terminus of this road, at
Omaha, and form, with it, a continuous line of communication to all the great
commercial centres of the Atlantic, Middle, and Southern States, are . The
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific; Chicago & Northwestern ; Burlington &
Missouri; and St. Joseph & Council Bluffs. At the western terminus, the
Central Pacific forms the giant link in this monster chain that binds together
the shores of a continent. Its connection which is most important to the
inhabitants of Colorado, is that with the Denver Pacific, at Cheyenne By
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 119
this, the first railway commuuication was made between the great cities of
the east and the queen city of the plains — Denver. It is impossible to cal-
culate the importance of this line, which has already done more toward
developing our unrivaled resources than all other causes combined, and has
placed our vast extent of agricultural lands, and untold mineral wealth,
within the reach of all mankind.
The management of this road is, at present, entrusted to the following
officers, with their principal business office at Omaha :
President — Hon. Oliver Ames.
Vice-President — John Duff.
Treasurer — M. S. Williams.
Assistant Treasurer and Secretary — E. H. RoLLINS.
Chief Engineer — T. E. Sickles. ,
Auditor — J. W. Gannett.
General Superintendent — T. E. Sickles.
Assistant General Passenger Agent — W. C. Thompson.
General Freight Agent — H. Bkownson.
To these gentlemen, and, more especially, to the present efficient superin-
tendent and chief engineer, the traveling public are largely indebted, as the
road is always kept free from delays by snow, or other causes, and in excel-
lent condition ; thus ensuring safety and comfort. Freights over this road
are always pushed forward rapidly, as the rolling-stock is ample, and
thoroughly adapted to meet all requirements.
KANSAS PACIFIC RAILWAY.
The acts of Congress incorporating the Union Pacific Piailway Companies,
approved July 1, 1862, and July 2, 1864, authorized the construction of
this road under the name of the Union Pacific railway. Eastern Division
(name chan-ed to Kansas Pacific railway by joint resolution of Congress,
March 3d, 1869), from the confluence of the Missouri and Kansas rivers, by
the way of Fort Riley and the valley of the Republican river, to a junction
with the Union Pacific railroad at the 100th meridian.
The bonds and lands granted by the Government to this company were
the same per mile as those authorized for the Union Pacific railroad east of
the Rocky Mountains, viz.: §16,000 in bonds and 12,800 acres of land for
every mile of road, the lands being the alternate odd-numbered sections, for
twenty miles, on each side of the road.
By an amendment to the original act, approved July 3, 1866, this com-
pany was released from the obligation of connecting with the Union Pacific
railroad at the 100th meridian, and authorized to change their line west-
wardly up the Smoky Hill river from Fort Riley, on condition that they
should only receive the same amount of bonds from the United States, to aid
in the construction of their new line, that they would have been entitled to
if they connected with the Union Pacific railroad at the 100th meridian, as
was required in the original act of incorporation ; also, that they should join
120 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
the Union Pacific railroad at a point not more than fifty miles west of the
meridian of Denver, in Colorado. This company has accordingly followed
the general route of the Smoky Hill branch of the Kansas river from lort
Riley to the city of Denver, and from that point northwest to a connection
with the Union Pacific railroad. By the survey made by Major Howell, U.
S A under instructions from the President of the United States, the dis-
tance'for which the company was entitled to bonds of the Government was
found to be 393 15-16 miles, measured from the boundary line of Missouri
and Kansas, at the mouth of the Kansas river, to the 100th meridian on the
Union Pacific railroad. , , , -, r.
The land grant, under the acts of Congress, extends the whole length ot
the present line, from the initial point to the junction with the Union
Pacific railroad west of Denver. By authority of Congress, the lands and
franchises of that portion of the line from Denver to the junction with the
Union Pacific railroad at Cheyenne, a distance of 106 miles, were transferred
to the Denver Pacific railroad and Telegraph Company, which is now com-
pleted and in operation from Denver to Cheyenne, making another through
line to the Pacific ocean.
The Kansas Pacific railway company has made careful surveys, by the
way of New Mexico, and the thirty-fifth parallel, to the Pacific coast, and
contemplate extending their road by that route if Congress grants the
necessary authority and aid in lands.
Grading was commenced at Wyandotte in September, 1863, and the
road was completed as follows :
To Lawrence, 88 miles, in July, 1865. To Ellsworth, 223 miles, in July, 1867.
" Topeka, 67 miles, in January, 1866. " Hays, 289 miles, in October, 1867.
" Junct'n City, 139 miles, in Oct., 1866. " Sheridan, 405 miles, in August, 18G8.
" Salina, 185 miles, in May, 1867. " Denver, 639 miles, in August, 1870.
The gross earnings have been as follows :
For the year 1865 $ 70,525 80
" " 1866 442,327 20
" " 1867 1,811,458 11
" " 1868 1,910.161 83
" '« 1869 2,225,850 11
ten months, 1870 2,927,477 99
Total $9,387,801 04
Rolling stock, December 19, 1870: Locomotives, 76; passenger cars>
43; baggage, mail and express cars, 15; freight cars, 1,158.
The following are the connections of the Kansas Pacific railway :
At Kansas City, with the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs railroad.
" " " " " Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad.
" " " " " North Missouri railroad.
" " " " " Pacific (of Missouri) railroad.
" " " " " Missouri River, Fort Scott & Gulf railroad.
" Lawrence, " " Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston railroad.
" Leavenworth, " " Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs railroad.
" " " " Leavenworth, Atchison & Northwestern railroad.
" " " " Pacific railroad (of Missouri).
" Topeka, " " Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad.
" Junction City, " '"' Missouri, Kansas & Texas railroad.
" Denver, " " Denver Pacific railroad.
" " " " Colorado Central railroad.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 121
The land grant to the company amounts to over 6,000,000 acres, and
comprises some of the most fertile and valuable lauds iu Kansas and Colo-
rado. A portion of their lands were opened for sale January 1, 1868, and
the company have already sold over 600,000 acres, and the sales would have
been much larger, but that a large portion of the lands in western Kansas
and Colorado have never been surveyed by the Government until the present
year (1870). The lands are sold for cash, or part cash and part notes, the
latter bearing interest at six per cent, per annum and payable iu from one to
five years.
OFFICERS OF THE ROAD.
John D. Perry, President, St. Louis, Mo.
Adolphus Meier, First Vice-President, St. Louis, Mo.
KoBERT E. Carr, Second Vice-President, St. Louis, Mo.
Carlos S. Greeley, Treasurer, St. Louis, Mo.
Sylvester T. Smith, Auditor, St. Louis, Mo.
Chas. B. Lamboon, Secretary, St. Louis, 3Io.
A. Anderson, General Superintendent, Lawrence, Kan.
Geo. Noble, Assistant General Superintendent, Lawrence, Kan.
T. F. Oakes, General Freight Agent, Kansas City, Mo.
R. B. Gemmell, General Ticket Agent, Lawrence, Kan.
G. W. Gushing, Superintendent Machinery, Armstrong, Kan.
J. P. Devereux, Land Commissioner, Lawrence, Kan.
The completion of this road to Denver was a most important event in the
history of Colorado, and was duly celebrated by our citizens, the capitalists
connected with the enterprise, and the "Press" of the western country gen-
erally. By this, direct communication has been opened with the great
prairie regions east of the "Plains," and with the Middle and Southern
States, and millions of acres of good agricultural and grazing lands made
available to settlers. It has already substantially advanced all Colorado
industries, and inaugurated a new and permanent era of progress. The
management of the road, under Superintendent General A. Anderson, has
been acknowledged as nearly faultless as possible; and notwithstanding the
difficulties which surround railroad travel across the great plains during
inclement seasons, passengers and freight are transported safely and with
dispatch at all times. As a permanent source of advantage to Colorado, this
railway has no successful rival, and, besides our Territory, a large section of
country is largely benefitted by its construction.
THE DENVER AND BOULDER VALLEY RAILROAD.
This road branches from the Denver Pacific at Hughes, a station eighteen
miles from Denver, and extends, at present, to Erie, a distance of fifteen
miles, and will soon be completed to Boulder City, a further distance of six-
teen miles.
122 KOCKY I^IOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
The Denver and Boulder Valley Railroad Company was organized in
October, 1870, with a capital stock of $1,000,000. The following well
known business men and capitalists constitute its board of officers :
Hon. Jerome B. Chaffee, Pres't. R. R. McCormick, Secretary.
W. S. Cheesman, Vice-Pres't. D. H. Moffat, Jr., Treasurer.
directors.
John Evans, W. S. Cheesman,
J. B. Chaffee, P. M. Housell,
D. H. Moffat, Jr., Granville Burklet,
General W. J. Palmer.
Bonds to the amount of $300,000, bearing seven per cent, interest, pay-
able semi-annually, were issued by the company — their payment guaranteed
by the Denver Pacific Railway Company. From the sale of these bonds the
necessary funds were realized, and work was commenced on the 24th of
October, 1870, and completed to Erie, its present terminus, in January, 1871.
From one of the Denver dailies we copy the following description of
the road :
"The work has been done in a first-class ma»Dner, and reflects high credit
on all engaged on it. The contractors were Messrs. Robert E. Carr, of St.
Louis, and D. H. Mofiat, Jr., whose energy and financial ability are too well
known to need any extended praise at this time. The engineer was Mr. H.
R. Holbrook, a young man of great experience and skill, and whose success
is a sufficient guarantee of bis ability. He was ably assisted by Messrs. M.
P. Reynolds and J. D. Schuyler. The tracklayers were Mike Green and
Alex. Stevens. The road is as good a piece of new track as was ever laid.
The bridges are substantially constructed, and everything about the con-
struction may be characterized as a success."
This road penetrates a portion of the best agricultural lands in Boulder
county, and its present terminus is at a newly-organized town — Erie — in the
immediate vicinity of extensive coal mines, the property of the Boulder
Valley Coal Company. This company is composed of Denver and Eastern
capitalists, with tTudge R. Balcome, of Biughampton, New York, president;
Hon. E. C. Kattell, vice-president; and Major H. C. Hill, superintendent.
Their property consists of nearly 7,000 acres of coal lands, on which
three or four distinct veins have already been discovered. Only one of these
veins are worked, at present, but that will furnish aa almost inexhaustible
amount of lignite, which forms excellent fuel. The roud affijrds facilities
for this reaching Denver and other markets, where consumers can be sup-
plied at small expense.
Altogether, the completion of the road, thus far, is an important event
in the history of Colorado enterprises, the fruits of which are already
apparent, as a Chicago colony has been attracted by the vast resources of
the region it penetrates, and has chosen a location near its terminus as the
head-quarters of the new and flourishing colony.
The road has been leased by the Denver Pacific railway, and will be
under the efficient management of that excellent company. This insures a
careful and efficient government of its afi'airs, and guarantees safety and com-
fort to passengers, and care and dispatch in the transportation of freights.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 12^
COLORADO CENTRAL RAILROAD.
The object of this road is railway communication between Denver and
the mountain towns and cities of Colorado. It was completed to Golden
City in September, 1870, which event was duly celebrated by the citizens of
Denver, Golden City, and Gilpin and Clear Creek counties. Its completion
thus far has already largely benefitted not only the rich agricultural and coal
mining region it traverses, but the gold and silver mining districts in the
mountains. This is the first railway to reach the foot-hills in Colorado, and
may be the first to penetrate these and climb the mountain ranges beyond.
'Careful surveys have already defined the line of this road through the foot-
hills and along spurs of the range to Georgetown, and have established,
beyond question, the fiict that our mountain cities and mining districts can
and will have railroad facilities. It is, perhaps, needless to add that the
mining interests of the Territory have already received a fresh impetus from
the success of this enterprise, and that their future prosperity will be largely
enhanced by the means of cheap and rapid transportation for freight and
passengers, which this road will aflFord, when completed, to the mining
districts.
The initial steps toward the formation of a company to construct and
stock the Colorado Central were taken by W. A. H. Loveland, of Golden
'City, who is one of the present directors, and has always been an active and
able friend of the enterprise. In his untiring efforts in pushing forward the
work he has been ably aided by T. J. Carter, Esq., also of Golden City — the
president of the road. These gentlemen have been promptly assisted by
other capitalists, and have displayed commendable energy and business
capacity in the management of the company's affairs ; and have not only
made rapid progress in constructing the road, but have made it first-class in
every way.
The work of completing the road to the mining districts is being pushed
forward with much energy, and in a short time miners of Gilpin and Clear
Creek counties will have railroad transportation for their ores to the base
of the mountains.
The officers who have immediate charge of the business of the Colorado
Central railroad are: T. J. Carter, President; J. B. Shepherd,
General Freight and Ticket Agent.
DENVER AND RIO GRANDE RAILWAY.
This line of road, when completed, will connect Denver with the
El Paso, in Old Mexico, and with the Denver Pacific, of which it is really,
a continuation, will make a continuous line of railway in Colorado, from the
northern to the southern limits.
Proceeding southward from Denver the road will cross the Divide at
the head of Plum creek — will pass down Monument creek to the Fountaine
qui Bouille — down this stream to the Arkansas, and up the Arkansas to
Poncho pass. From this pass it will follow the course of the Rio Grande
through New Mexico and onward to its terminus — El Paso.
124: ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
The Denver and Rio Grande Railway Company has been organized, with
General W J Palmer, of Denver, as president, and has issued stock to the
amount of one million dollars, for the construction of the first 80 miles of road,
and work is progressing rapidly. One hundred thousand dollars ot the
stock was taken in Colorado ; two hundred thousand in other parts of the
United States, and seven hundred thousand in Europe. The first 80 miles
of this road will be completed during the summer of 1871, and the balance
as soon thereafter as possible. j -ii
The company expects the countries, through which their road will
pass, to aid them in securing the necessary funds required to complete it,
by voting bonds for that purpose. This should be done liberally, as the
road will develop the country and enhance the value of all kinds of property
along its line. The route of this road, in Colorado, is through the richest
agricultural and grazing districts, and sufficiently near the mountains and
foot-hills to benefit the gold, silver and coal mining regions.
The well known energy and business ability of the president of the
company make the success of this enterprise a certainty, and ensure Colorado
a continuous line of railroad from the northern to the southern borders.
THE SOUTHERN OVERLAND MAIL AND EXPRESS COMPANY.
This company was organized at Kansas City, Mo., in 1862, by Messrs.
Barlow, Sanderson & Co. At that time it consisted of a weekly line of post
coaches from Kansas City to Santa Fe, via Smoky Hill route to FortHarker,
Kan , and thence to Fort Zarah, on the Arkansas; up the Arkansas to Bent's
old fort, in Colorado, and on to Santa Fe by way of Trinidad, Fort Union,
and Las Vegas. The time occupied in making the through trip was
twenty days.
July 1, 1866, the Union Pacific Railroad Company, Eastern Division
(now Kansas Pacific), having reached Junction City, 138 miles west of
Kansas City, the company moved its initial office to this point, and changed
the line to a tri-weekly. Time to Santa Fe, eight days. In the spring of
1867 the company advanced to Saliua, Kan., continuing the line, as a tri-
weekly, from this point to Santa Fe; time seven days. During the summer
of 1867 the road reached Fort Harker, and the route was then traveled
from this point, by way of Fort Zarah, as before; time, six days. In the
fall of the same year, the iron track having been pushed as far as Fort Hays,
Kan., the route was changed to run from the latter, southwest, by way of
Fort Dodge, on the Arkansas, leaving forts Larned and Zarah to the east-
ward. From Fort Dodge the route continued as before. Time to Santa Fe,
five days.
In July, 1868, the company followed in the wake of the iron steed, to
Sheridan, Kas., 397 miles west from Kansas City. The route was now
reconstructed, striking west to forts Wallace and Lyon and Bent's Fort;
continuing west to Trinidad, and so on, as before, to Santa Fe, and was also
changed to a daily line. Time from Sheridan, four days.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 125
A branch line was also put in operation, from Bent's Fort to Pueblo,
connecting, at the latter place, with the Denver and Santa Fe stages for
Denver and Northern Colorado.
The line continued to start from Sheridan until in February, 1870,
when track-laying had proceeded sufficiently to warrant a new change of
base; and the company moved its head-quarters, respectively, to Pond Creek,
Eagle Tail, and finally, on the 9th of April, to Kit Carson, 485 miles west
from Kansas City.
The main route, since that time, has been and will, for some time, con-
tinue to be from Kit Carson, via Fort Lyon, Trinidad, etc., to Santa Fe,
and the trip is made in three days.
A second important line is now also operated by this company, as suc-
cessor to A. Jacobs & Co., running from Denver to Trinidad, by way of
Colorado City and Pueblo, connecting, at Trinidad, with the Kit Carson, or
main line, for Santa Fe. Daily coaches are run over the entire length of
both lines. Time from Denver, same as from Carson — three days.
The fare from Kit Carson to Santa Fe is $90.00; fare from Denver to
Colorado City, S9.00; to Pueblo, §15.00; Trinidad, 830.00; and to Santa
Fe, $80.00.
The company consists of J. L. Sanderson, B. Barlow, and Gr. J. Barnum.
The officers are: J. L. Sanderson, Superintendent, Kansas City; John
R. Griffith, Secretary and Treasurer, Kansas City; W. S. Stone, Denver,
Paymaster and Assistant Superintendent.
The number of coaches now in use on the several lines is fifty. The
company employs 100 men, and between 600 and 700 horses and mules.
WAGON ROADS.
The traveler in Colorado is equally gratified and surprised at the excel-
lent condition of the roads of the Territory, both on the plains and in the
mountains, and at all seasons. The expense of road making on the plains
is comparatively trifling; but on the mountains, thousands of dollars are
often required to construct a few miles of road, as almost insurmountable
barriers must be overcome.
On the plains the expense of constructing roads is borne mainly by the
counties which the roads traverse. This is the case also in the settled portion
of the Territory west of the mountains; but in the mountains roads are built
and kept in repair almost exclusively by individuals or companies, who remu-
nerate themselves by the tolls collected from all classes of travelers.
A detailed description of the wagon roads that traverse the plains in
every direction — connecting towns, cities and settlements, and forming
convenient mediums for the transportation of freight and passengers at all
seasons — would be superfluous in a work of this character; but a brief
description of a few of the roads in the mountains may be interesting, and
will serve to illustrate the statement that excellent wagon roads are one of
the important features of our new country.
126 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
The following roads are only a few among the many in the mountains,
which are equally as good in all respects. We give them, because they
traverse the rich gold and silver mining regions, and afford excellent and
safe communication between the principal mountain towns and cities.
No tourist can visit Colorado, and interview her fine scenery and rich
mineral deposits, without traveling over nearly every road we mention, and
though he may find the indications that toll must be paid rather frequently,
he will feel satisfied that he has his money's worth in safety and comfort.
ENTERPRISE WAGON ROAD.
This road was chartered in 1861, by the first legislature of Colorado.
It extends from the centre of Black Hawk, ten miles east, down the valley.
At Black Hawk the road branches, and comes together again within two miles
of the terminus. One of the roads was built by Harry Fliggers & Co. in
1859, and is known as the old road; the other by the Smiths and Fliggers,
in 1860, and is known as the new road. Capital stock, §30,000. The first
President was N. K. Smith; present President, N. K. Smith; L. K. Smith
in charge of road, and acting Secretary. The route of travel between Central
City and the plains lies along this road. It is always in excellent condition.
BOULDER VALLEY AND CENTRAL CITY WAGON ROAD.
This road intersects the Enterprise wagon road, on Dory's hill, three and
a half miles from Black Hawk, and runs to Boulder City. Capital stock of
the Boulder Valley and Central City Wagon Road Co. is S75,000. C. N.
Tyler is Secretary and Business Manager. It is the main traveled road
between Boulder City and the gold regions of Gilpin county.
CENTRAL AND MIDDLE PARK WAGON ROAD.
The charter to build this road was granted by Gilpin and Summit coun-
ties, in July, 1870. Capital stock, $4,000. This road will be completed to
Middle park by July, 1871.
Officers. — Wm. Atcheson, President; Ben. Wiseburt, Secretary;
T. H. Potter, Treasurer; Maj. Geo. H. Hill, Surveyor.
This road is already nearly completed to James' peak, and tourists can
leave Central City in the morning and returti before dark, having time to l
remain an hour on the peak. The scenery surrounding this road, its entire
length, is unsurpassed in beauty and sublimity, and the road itself is in good
condition for traveling with buggies or carriages during the summer months.
THE central and GEORGETOWN WAGON ROAD.
This road extends the greater portion of the distance from Central to
Georgetown, via Eureka gulch. Fall river and Clear creek. It is twelve
miles in length. I
Officers.— Walter Bates, Superintendent; J. C. Eabley, in charge I
of toll gate.
This road is traveled extensively at all seasons, and is always in good
repair and suitable for all classes of vehicles.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 127
VIRGINIA CANON WAGON ROAD.
This road extends from Idaho to the head of Virginia canon, three miles,
and gains an elevation of 2,000 feet in that distance.
Officers. — Fox Diefendorf, President; F. W. Beebe, Secretary and
Treasurer; G. W. Decker, in charge at toll gate.
A ride down Virginia canon, via this road, in one of the six-horse coaches
of the Colorado Stage Co. — the horses at full trot — is thrilling in the extreme.
SOUTH CLEAR CREEK WAGON ROAD.
This road extends from Idaho to Burgen's ranch. It is twelve miles in
length. The owners are Edwards & Camp. This forms the first portion of
the main stage road that connects Idaho Springs with the plains, and is sur-
rounded by scenes ever varied and beautiful.
CHICAGO CREEK WAGON ROAD.
This road extends from Idaho Springs, seven miles up Chicago creek.
H. W. Teller, of Central, is its principal owner and manager. It lies
along the borders of the beautiful creek that carries the surplus waters of
Chicago lakes to Clear creek, and afi"ords tourists good facilities for reaching
these remarkable sheets of water.
IDAHO AND FALL RIVER WAGON ROAD.
This road was constructed by Clear Creek county in 1860. It was pur-
chased by the Idaho and Fall River Road Co. in 1869, put in a complete
state of repair, and converted into a toll road. It is three miles in length,
and extends from Idaho Springs to the mouth of Fall river.
Officers. — W. Teller, President; A. E. Patten, Agent in charge at
toll gate.
GEORGETOWN AND BRECKINRIDGE WAGON ROAD.
This road was built and is owned by the Baker Silver Mining Co., and
extends from Georgetown to the base of Gray's peak, being eleven miles in
length. The officers of this road are the officers of the Baker Silver Mining
Co. The cost of constructing this road was §16,000. Tourists from George-
town pass over this road on their way to Gray's peak.
GEORGETOWN AND ARGENTINE WAGON ROAD.
This road was incorporated under general laws in 1868, and built by the
Georgetown and Argentine Wagon Road Co., aided by subscriptions from
Clear Creek and Gilpin counties, at an expense of §5.000.
Officers. — W. Carpenter, of Chicago, President; Prof Frank Dib-
BEN, Vice-President; H. C. Chapin, Secretary and Treasurer.
This road was built under the supervision of Prof. Dibben. Its length
is seven miles. This road extends from Georgetown nearly to the base of
the main range, along the south fork of South Clear creek; and though
the region is extremely rugged, the road is accessible for all kinds of wagons
or carriages, at all seasons. Tolls, nominal.
128 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
TELEGRAPH LINES.
The first telegraph line across the continent was built by the Pacific Tel-
egraph Co., under a government subsidy of 140,000 per year. The line was
started from Brownville, Neb., in 18G0, and was run to Omaha; thence, up
the north bank of the Platte, to Ft. Kearney; thence, up the south bank ot
the Platte, to Julesburgj and from thence, via the Old Stage Road to Ft.
Laramie and Ft. Bridger, to Salt Lake, where it connects with a line that
had been previously constructed eastward from San Francisco.
In the summer of 1863 Mr. Edward Creighton obtained a liberal
subscription from the citizens of Denver, to aid in the construction of a
branch line from Julesburg to Denver. The building of this line was com-
menced in August, of the same year, and completed to Denver in October,
under the supervision of B. F. Woodward, who opened intermediate offices
at Valley Station, Junction and Living Springs, and assumed the manage-
ment at Denver, upon the completion of the line.
Two years later the Pacific Telegraph Co. was merged into, and became
a part of the system of lines of the Western Union Telegraph Co. Mr.
Woodward still continues to represent the Western Union Co. as superin-
tendent of lines in Colorado and New Mexico. This line has stations at
Golden, Central, Georgetown, and other mountain towns.
THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO TELEGRAPH CO.
In the summer of 1867, an association of Denver gentlemen organized
the LTnited States and Mexico Telegraph Co. ; and, during the following
winter and spring completed the first Colorado telegraph enterprise, by open-
ing a line for business from Denver to Santa Fe. The first board of trustees
were —
> <
D. H. Moffat, Jr., Henry M. Porter,
William N. Byers, Fred. Z. Salomon,
George P. Shire, Samuel H. Elbert,
B. F. Woodward.
This line has done much towards promoting intercourse and traffic
'between the Territories of Colorado and New Mexico.
COLONIES.
^ The success of the Meeker-Greeley colony, organized at New York city
in the winter of 1869-70, and locating within the borders of Colorado in the
spring following, was such as to give a decided impetus to similar organiza-
tions m various sections of the States. Scarcely a State east of the Mississippi
but has had its colony scheme and colony excitement. In fact, colonization
schemesarejust now the rage, and the rage intensifies daily as the season
advances. The results thus far developed'set at rest the many grave doubts
expressed by wiseacres while the plans were being agitated, as to the practi-
cability of what might be termed cooperative immigration.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 129
^Ve cannot afford space to give an extended history of the various
organizations of this character which have, thus far, cast their lots — both
real and figurative — on Colorado soil. A brief outline of such as have
advanced far enough to have an initiatory history will be sufficient to show
that the colonization theory has been carried into practical execution, and is
an unqualified success.
l^y this means families retain their relative positions in coumiunity,
instead of each wandering alone and into comparative seclusion to wait iur
the slow development of the country about them. They do not break away
from the social circle, but carry it with them into the far-west wilds.
UNION COLONY.
The history of this colony is too generally known to require any extended
notice.
Organized in New York city on the 2.3d of December, 1869, by the
election of a president, vice-president and treasurer, and the appointment
of an executive committee of five persons, this movement has grown from
an enrolled membership of fifty-nine persons, until now it can boast of a
large settlement, a thrifty and substantial town ornamented with artificial
lakes, parks and water-courses, and a harmonious couimunity of several
hundreds of intelligent and energetic people. It was an experiment, but
the experiment, despite the predictions of croakers, has crystalized into a
pronounced success.
The executive committee of this colony, after having investigated the
advantages and inducements offered by Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah,
and Colorado, fixed upon the latter as in every way more desirable, while
presenting fewer and less formidable drawbacks than any of the other
sections inspected. After a careful and thorough examination of the various
localities, a selection of lands was made along the valley of the beautiful
Cache-a-la-Poudre river, in the northern portion of the Territory. The town
site was located on the banks of this stream, a few miles above its junction
with the South Platte.
In honor of one of its originators, the new town was named Greeley.
The site of the town is a delta formed by the Cache-a-la-Poudre and
South Platte rivers, and on the line of the Denver Pacific railway, midway
between Denver and Cheyenne. It has an elevation of a little less than
4.800 feet, and is in latitude 40° 25' north; and longitude, 27° 48' west
of Washington.
The colony purchased from the Denver Pacific Railway Company, and
from private individuals, twelve thousand acres of land. The preliminary
steps for the occupation of sixty thousand acres of government lands were
also taken, and a contract made with the Denver Pacific railway to purchase,
at any time within three years, fifty thousand acres more, at a cost of from
S3 to S4 per acre, by paying interest from date of contract. Thus the
colony at once gained control of nearly one hundred and twenty-five
thousand acres, including some of the finest lands in the Territory, with
charters for irrigating canals covering the entire area.
The town site was subdivided into 520 business lots, 25 x 190 feet; 673
residence lots, ranging in size from 50 x 190 to 200 x 190 feet; and 277
lots, reserved for schools, churches, public buildings, etc. The adjacent
9
130 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
lands were divided into plats of from five to one hundred and twenty acre?
each, according to distance from the town centre, and each member allowed to
select one of these plats under his colony certificate of membership. All
the lands are to be supplied with water, and are not subject to assessment on
any account, except for the nominal cost of keeping the irrigating canals
and ditches in repair. A plaza^ or public square, of ten acres was laid out
in the centre of the town, artificial lakes constructed, trees planted, and by
June, 1870, the first canal was completed, and water running through all the
principal streets. An island in the river, just above the town, comprising
nearly fifty acres, and nicely shaded with native cottonwoods, was reserved
for public uses, and named "Island Grove Park."
The usual experiences of pioneering, want of accommodations, remote-
ness from settlements, etc., were endured by the early arriving colonists; and
the inevitable dissatisfactions and disappointments attending such novel
enterprises followed. The faint-hearted and the visionary — those who could
not at once realize their chateaux en esjKigne — did the usual amount of
crumbling, and some returned to the States in disgust.
Other canals were, in time, completed ; the melted snows of the mountain
tops came splashing through the town and over the sun-parched soil, and
transformed the forlorn wilderness into a promise of paradise. The despond-
ing took heart as they saw the cactus gradually supplanted by the cucumhcr,
(columbine), and new comers were spared the disappointment and mortifica-
tion experienced by the advance guard of the colony at the apparent dcsolate-
ness of the country. Their doubts and prejudices respecting irrigation were
soon dispelled. Buildings were completed, gardens began to bloom, and
with the exception of a few discontents, who would find fault with the
climate or the soil, or the sunshine, or something, if they were to be turned
loose in Paradise, the colony became a community of cheerful, hopeful and
industrious men and women.
This, the oldest of the new experiments in the colony line, is a success.
Some mistakes have occurred in its management, and there has been some
dissatisfaction with various officers and leading spirits. As is usually the
case, self-aggrandizement and ambition have prompted over-reaching elForts
on the part of prominent managers. But, in the main, the original plan of
the organization has been as faithfully carried out as circumstances would
adn)it. There is no doubt but that " the thoughts of men arc widened by
the process of the suns," — especially western suns; and the Greeley colonista
will broaden in their sympathies and views of life, after inhaling thu
mountain atmosphere of this region for a few years. In turn they may
teach these recklessly extravagant; Coloradans a wholesome lesson of saving
and economy. For, while the hospitality of the latter knows no bounds,
their purses have come to be as open as their hearts. Scarcely a family in
the Territory but wastes as much as would support a similar family in Ne\f
England. They spend dollars where eastern-bred people are sparing of
dimes.
Greeley is a fixed fact. It has its schools, churches, banks and estab-
lished business houses. It has its newspaper — a sprig of its godfather, the
N. Y. Tribune,— Its Educational Board, Farmer's Club, Exchange Place,
Its ].yceum and Library Association. The town now contains over three
hundred and fifty buildings, ranging from board shanties to red brick
fronts. There are seventeen stores, three lumber yards, three blacksmith and
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. ICl
wapron shops, one printing office, and one livery stable. There is still oppor-
tunity to join the colony. All information can be obtained by addressing
the " Bureau of Statistics and Information," Greelc}^, Colorado.
THE GERMAN COLONY.
This colony, which was organized at Chicago in the spring of 1870,
under the leadership of Carl AV'ulsten, and which made the passage from
Chicago, via the Kansas Pacific route, to the Wet Mountain valley, wIlIi a
good deal of parade and echit^ has not succeeded in accomplishing as much
or making as satisfactory a record as the one already described. Charges
of corruption and dishonesty have been openly preferred against some of
the prominent men of the organization, by members who have left in disgust.
Others report that the situation selected is the very worst that could have
been found in Colorado. They assert that the elevation is so great, and the
valley so hemmed in by bleak mountains, that nearly all crops fail to mature
before the frost period cuts them off. On the other hand, these reports are
declared to be the exaggerated croakings of disaffected members, who fool-
ishly expected to find all the hills flowing with wine and honey, and milk,
and — lager!
We have no statistics at hand with which to either corroborate or con-
tradict the above statements. Doubtless the disaffected exaggerate the dis-
advantages and disappointments, while the managers equally overrate the
advantages and successes of the enterprise.
Wet Mountain valley lies south from Canon City, in Pueblo and Fremont
counties. It is well shut in by spurs of mountain ranges; well watered;
abundantly supplied with timber* in the vicinity of excellent and extensive
beds of coal, and will doubtless attract more and more attention as it becomes
better known.
CHICAGO-COLORADO COLONY.
This colony, yet in its infancy is one of the most important that has yet
selected this Territory as its home-site. Unlike the Union Colony, it orig-
inated at the West, and is chiefly composed of Western men. With their
characteristic enterprise and grit they have found a location just where
every locating committee, preceding them, had overlooked it; close to coal,
iron, timber and building-stone; well watered; near railroads and markets;
and comprising a soil, facilities for irrigation, water-power, and general
physical features every way desirable. The lands selected, amounting to
nearly 60,000 acres, lie along the rich valleys of the Boulder St. Yrain,
Left Hand and Little Thompson creeks. They include the lower range of
foot-hills, and extend eastward, from the base of the mountains, for a distance
of about twenty miles. The site for the new town, which is to be the radi-
ating centre of the new community, is located about a mile north from the
little village of Burlington, in Boulder county. It is to be called Longmont,
and is distant from the nearest railway station about eight miles. It is
thirty three miles from Denver, and about the same distance from Greeley;
fifteen miles from Boulder City, and from twenty-five to fifty miles from the
heart of the silver and gold mining regions of Boulder and Gilpin counties.
From Longmont the mountain view is magnificent. The foot-hills are not
more than eight miles distant, and Long's peak lifts its snowy crest 10,000
132 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
feet above the little hamlet, nearly due west, and, apparently but an hour's
drive, is distant about thirty miles. It is worth a journey of a thousand
miles even in a break-bone stage coach, to witness a winter sunrise dawning
upon tliis grand monarch of mountains.
The Boulder valley is one of the richest and most beautiful in Colorado.
The stream is clear, rapid and full of trout, affording facilities for irrigation,
idy
marliets. In fact, the coal fields of Boulder county are absolutely inex-
haustible.
Thus favorably situated, and carefully managed, the Chicago-Colorado
colony cannot but prove a success. The mistakes of its predecessors need
not be repeated, while its managers can certainly learn much from the expe-
rience of others. The spontaneity of the organization in the beginning; the
prompt and unhesitating action of the locating committee, and the enthusiasm
with which every man connected with the enterprise throws himself into the
work, are all characteristic of the locality from whence they come. Irriga-
ting streams of water already cover much of the colony's lands, and the
management have promptly ordered nearly 2,000 acres of grain to be soWn.
Lumber is on the ground; buildings are going up; the village of Burlington
has surrendered unconditionally, and most of its citizens have joined the
incoming colony. Until the advent of these tireless, driving, steel-sinewed
and steam-driven Chicagoans, the little community, now so full of ambition
and enterprise, was in a hopeless state of human hibernation.
To reach the colony from the East, tickets should be purchased to
Denver, where connection is made with the Boulder Valley railroad to Erie,
the present terminus of the latter, and but eight miles distant from Longmont.
THE SOUTHWESTERN COLONY.
This organization, although not so far advanced as others, has matured
its plans sufficiently to be mentioned. It was initiated at Memphis, Tenn.,
but its members are from various States, including Tennessee, Kentucky,
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. A town site has been selected on the banks ol
the South Platte, twenty-five miles below Evans, on the Denver Pacific rail
way, and seventy-five miles from Denver. It is near the old landu)ark.;
known as "Fremont's Orchard," and just below an island in the river, which
is covered with native cottonwoods. The town has been named Greensboro,
in honor of its chief projector and patron, Col. D. S. Green, a gentleman
well and favorably known in Colorado. Lost Spring creek debouches into
the Platte, just above the town site, and its valley constitutes one of the
chief attractions of the locality. It is about two miles wide; its soil is o.
deep alluvial loam, as light and friable as an ash heap, and produces a mosf'
luxuriant growth of a peculiar kind of perennial grass, resembling the
famous blue grass of Kentucky. At least 15,000 acres of these valley'lands
need no artificial irrigation whatever, and the broad expanse of uplands,
further back, furnish unlimited range for pasturage. On the Platte bottom
there are also thousands of acres, which may be cultivated without irrigation.
Besides these, there are easy facilities for constructing an irrigating canal,
of not more than two or three miles in length, which will cover 8,000 or
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
10,000 acres more; while, eventually, by a little more outlay, water can be
carried over nearly all the highlands in the vicinity, including hundreds of
thousands of acres.
The plan of this colony is somewhat different from that of others now
located. Each member pays over a moderate membership fee, which entitles
him to special rates of transportation to the colony site, a share in the division
of the town property, and such other privileges as inhere to similar organiza-
tions. At the same time there are no restrictions or obligations imposed
upon members; no communism or cooperative interests. Each one is left to
make his own selection of vocation; to preempt lands; claim as homestead or
otherwise, as he may elect, and in every respect to act his or her own prefer-
ence as in ordinary communities. The location is certainly very desirable in
many respects. At present, it is twenty five miles to the nearest railway
station; but in time, no doubt, a line of railway will be constructed up the
valley of the South Platte, connecting, at the mouth of the latter, with the
Union Pacific, and opening up the grand expanse of grazing lands spread
out on either side of this stream. In this event, which can only be consid-
ered as a matter of time, Greensboro will have a much more direct eastern
outlet than any town or colony yet projected in Colorado. Among its promi-
nent members are some of the leading men of the various sections represented,
and the colony bids fair to become the nucleus of a large and thrifty settle-
ment. Full information concerning it, may be obtained by addressing Col.
D. S. Green, at Denver.
In addition to the foregoing there are numerous other colonies, whose
locating committees are actively exploring the different sections of the Ter-
ritory for the most favorable locations; but, up to this writing, they either
have not fioally fixed upon their sites, or they decline to make the chosen
spots known, lest wily land sharks thwart their purposes. Of these, there
is a Boston colony, a Western colony, a Tennessee colony, and several
others not specially named.
RELIGIOUS
The pioneers of this land of grains of gold and golden grains, though
lemote from the great centres of Christianity and civilization, have ever been
mindful of the importance of religious influences and teachings. At an early
period in the history of the country, when the gold excitement was inteiKe,
and all other interests seemed to have been absorbed in the one fascinating
pursuit — gold hunting — church organizations were not forgotten, and a
series of systematic efforts were inaugurated, which have resulted in the
present prosperous condition of the churches.
When every passion and emotion is aroused, and every faculty absorbed
by some intensely exciting pursuit, the importance of preparation for a future
life is often partially overlooked, or entirely neglected. No avocation so com-
pletely engrosses every sentiment of the human heart as the search for gold.
As this was the leading pursuit of the earlier settlers of Colorado, it would
134 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
not have beeu strange if religious interests had been neglected; but such
was not the case, and it speaks well for the hardy pioneers, when it can be
said that many of them were, and still remain in the front ranks of religious
progress, and that they have been the bearers of Christianity and civilization
wherever the attractions of glittering gold allured them.
We have not at hand sufficient data from which to compile a com-
plete history of all the church organizations in the Territory, nor is it to be
expected in a work of this kind, but we give sufficient statistics to illustrate
the important fact that religious matters have not been neglected in Colo-
rado, and to assure immigrants to our Territory, that they can enjoy all the
religious privileges they may have beeu accustomed to in their homes east of
the great plains.
Besides the data given below, the Presbyterians, Congregationalists and
Baptists have churches and church organizations in all the principal cities
and towns in the Territory, which are fairly supplied with clergymen, and
are enjoying a degree of prosperity encouraging to all lovers of gospel truths.
"We regret an almost entire absence of any detailed account of these churches,
except what follows, but can safely assert that every denomination has its
share of support and success, and that persons of every sect, who make a
home in Colorado, will find the means of enjoying their peculiar religious
privileges always at hand.
EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
DENVER.
St. John's Cathedral; the Rt. Rev. Geo. M. Randall, D. D., Bishop of
Colorado, rector; the Rev. Samuel J. French, A. M., assistant minister.
This parish was organized in 1860, by the Rev. John II. Kehler, who still
resides in Denver, and officiates but occasionally, in consequence of infirmi-
ties incident to increasing years. The church edifice has recently been
enlarged. Measures are in progress for securing the means wherewith to
erect a new church, which, in point of material, dimensions, and architec-
tural taste, will be worthy the sacred purposes for which it is to be used, and
suited to the wants of the metropolis of Colorado.
Wolfe Hall, a high school for girls, is situated in Denver. It has a corps
of well qualified instructors. This institution will compare favorably with
similar schools at the East. The pupils are thoroughly trained in all the
branches of education which fit girls to be accomplished and useful women.
Wolfe Hall is a large brick building; an ornament to Denver, and a credit
to the Territory. Of this school, Bishop Randall is the rector, and resides
in the institution.
GOLDEN CITY.
Calvary Church is a substantial brick edifice, built in the Gothic style
of architecture, with an open timber roof, and windows of stained glass.
The Rev. Wm. J. Lynd is rector of the parish, which was organized about
four years ago.
Jarvis Hall is a collegiate school, located about a mile from Golden, on
the road to Denver. This institution is designed to prepare boys for college,
and to fit them for the business pursuits of life. It has three departments:
grammar, classical and scientific. The buiMing is of brick, eighty-three
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 135
by tliirty-tliree feet, tliree stories, with a tower. On a line with the hall,
and about 100 feet from it, is another brick edifice, and of similar style of
architecture, forty by thirty feet, having three stories, with a tower, and is
to be used for purposes connected with a school of mines. The location of
this college is not surpassed for beauty and grandeur of natural scenery, and
for purity of atmosphere, by any institution in the land. With hills and
mountains within easy reach, it affords to the boys uncqualcd facilities for
that physical exercise which develops the muscles and promotes Jiealth. To
boys who are affected with bronchial trouble, or disease of the lungs, in its
incipient state, or asthmatic complaints, this school affords the rare opportu-
nity of securing the recovery of health, without sacrificing the educational
period of life. Jarvis Hall has an able faculty, of which Bishop Kandall is
the head.
St. Paul's Church, Central City, was organized in the early settlement
of the Territory. The church has been recently enlarged. A parish school
is maintained'undcr the supervision of the rector, the Rev. Jos. M. Turner.
Measures have been taken to establish a hospital under the auspices of the
church.
Christ Parish, Nevada City, of which the Rev. Francis Byrne is rector,
has a neat church edifice, which was erected about four years ago.
There are fine churches at Idaho and Empire City. In Georgetown, a
church is nearly completed, and will be soon consecrated.
St. Peter's, at Pueblo, is a comfortable, commodious church edifice.
Here also is St. Peter's Institute, a classical school, of which the rector of
the parish, the Rev. Samuel Edwards, is principal.
At Littleton, a church is in the course of erection, and is to be completed
on the first of March.
METHODIST CHURCH.
As usual, the earliest history of Colorado found the pioneering Metho-
dist preacher, whose seed-sowing has produced the harvest of a large and
flourishing church. We give a few historic and statistical items. The
Kansas conference organized a district here early in the settlement of the
Territory, and fully su-pplied the general demands of the work with preach-
ers. In proper succession, and with commendable increase, the work went
on in that form until in July, 1863, Rev. Bishop Ames organized the Rocky
Mountain conference (the name was changed in 1864: to the Colorado con-
ference). The preaching force appointed that year was composed of two
presiding elders, and six preachers in charge of circuits and stations. In
the changes since then, all the names of that list have disappeared from the
present list of appointments but one, John L. Dyer, familiarly known as
Father Dyer. This old storm-hardened veteran labors as heroically and suc-
cessfully as ever for his Divine Master.
Societies were organized at Denver, Golden, Boulder, Central, Black
Hawk, South Park, Blue River, California Gulch, Colorado City and Pueblo,
with a membership of 273. Ten Sunday schools were also reported, with
an average attendance of 520. One church worth §300, and one parsonage
worth $400, were reported. The little chapel in which this conference was
held, was situated on the west bank of Cherry creek, facing Larimer street.
It was carried away in the flood of 1864.
13G ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Seven annual sessions of the Colorado conference have been held, with
a steady increase of preachers and members from year to year. At its
or<ranization, only Colorado Territory made its limits, but now Wyoming
and New Mexico are embraced within its boundaries. It is our intention,
however, only to make a statement of Colorado Methodism in this artide.
There are few settlements of any importance that are not included in the
circuit system of this church, and few country school-houses in which the
Methodist itinerant does not occasionally or regularly preach. Societies and
Sunday schools are now organized in every considerable settlement. The
membership reported at the'last session of the conference, held in Pueblo,
June, 1870, was as follows: In full communion, 540; on probation, 173;
total, 713; twenty-five Sunday schools, with an attendance of 1,647; four-
teen churches, worth 076,000; five parsonages, worth $6,100.
We give now, for the general information of our readers, and for the
special convenience of strangers and new comers, an outline of each society's
history where church buildings have been erected :
DENVER.
The chapel, to which allusion has been made, was rented in 1863, and
fitted up very neatly and comfortably for church use, and was occupied by
the society until the flood of 1864. Services were then held in the Denver
Theatre, until the fine edifice, now occupied, was dedicated. This building,
which for beauty inside and out is not excelled in church architecture west
of the Mississippi, was begun under the pastorate of llev. Oliver A. Williard,
during the summer of conference organization. It was dedicated in the
spring of 1865, under the pastorate of Rev. Geo. Richardson, Mr. Williard
being presiding elder. The cost of this church was about §21,000. Its
pastors have been Gr. Richardson, W. M. Smith, 13. T. Vincent, and J. L.
Peck, the present pastor. The records now exhibit a membership of 150,
and an average of Sunday school attendance of 22b. A fine brick parson-
age was erected in the early part of 1870.
CENTRAL.
The services of this society were held in Lawrence hall and the court
room, until the autumn of 1868, when, through the labors of Rev. G. H.
Adams, the large stone church which now adorns this mountain city was so
far completed as to admit the congregation into its lecture room. This
building, though of plainer architecture than the church of Denver, is yet
not second to it in appropriate appearance, and is a commanding and beauti-
ful structure. Its cost, when completed, will exceed $20,000. The pastors
at Central, since the organization of the conference, have been B.T.Vincent,
W. A. Amsbary, Gr. 11. Adams and W. D. Chase, who was recently trans-
ferred from New York State, and is now in charge. The membership of
the church is now about 100; Sunday school, about 150.
BLACK HAWK.
The regular services of this society were held, in 186.3-4, in a hall over
a billiard saloon. A good brick building was then secured for several years.
In 1868, under the labors of Rev. G. W. Swift, a good, substantial building
of bnck and stone was begun. It was so constructed that the present room
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 137
may be the basement of a large and fine church, when the society may be
able, in the future, to build it. It was finished and dedicated under the
pastorate of Rev. G. Wallace. Cost, about 8-4,000. The pastors have been
B. T. Vincent, O. P. McMains, W. W. Baldwin, G. H. Adams, G. W.
Swift, and G. Wallace, the present pastor. The membership is about thirty,
and the Sunday school averages an attendance of sixty. Nevada is under
tlie care of this pastor.
GEORGETOWN,
Very early in the history of Georgetown an occasional sermon was
preached, in some private dwelling, by preachers in adjoining circuits. Beg-
ular services were established there in 1866-7, and halls were hired until, in
1868, a beautiful frame church was built and dedicated under the pastorate
of Bev. G. 3Iurray, at a cost of about §8,000. The pastors have been Geo.
Bichardson, Geo. Murray, and Isaac H. Beardsley, the present pastor. The
membership is sixty-three; the Sunday school about 100.
GOLDEN CITY.
A neat brick chapel was built here in 1S68, under the pastorate of Bev.
B. T. Vincent, costing a little upwards of 83,000. Its plan, as that of Black
Hawk, is to be built upon at some future duy, the present structure being so
arranged as to be the lecture room of the final structure. A very fine build-
ing is in contemplation, and, with the present promise of rapid growth of
Golden, it is hoped the entire building will be, ere long, completed. Th^
pastors here have been B. C. Dennis, 0. A. Willard, I). W. Scott, W. M.
Smith, B. T. Vincent, P. Peterson, E. C. Brooks, and F. C. Millington, the
present pastor, lately transferred from the State of New York. The mem-
bership is about fifty; Sunday school, 100.
COLORADO CITY.
A church worth §2,000 was built here in 1867, and a flourishing society
exists. Within the same circuit, at a point on Monument creek, another
neat church has just been dedicated, costing about 81,200. The pastors on
this circuit have been J. L. Dyer, George Murray, 0. P. McMains, and W.
F. Warren, who is now in charge. The membership is about sixty; Sunday
schools, in both churches named, average an attendance of about 100.
PUEBLO.
A good adobe church was erected here in 1869, under the pastorate of
Rev. 0. P. McMains. Its value is upwards of 8-1,000, and it is of very cred-
itable appearance. The pastors of circuits, including Pueblo, since 1863,
have been W. H. Fisher, C. H. Kirkbride, and 0. P. McMains, the present
pastor. Membership about fifteen; Sunday school averages an attendance
of fifty.
CANON CITY'.
A church and parsonage block is owned here by the Methodist society,
and valued at 82.500. The pastors have been W. H. Fisher, P. J. Smith,
(leo. Murray, W. M. Smith, and R. A. Hoffman, a late transfer from Ohio,
;tnd the present pastor. The membership is about thirty; Sunday school,
about fifty.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
FAIR PLAY.
Now called South Park City. This and aa adjoining town have Metho-
dist chapels, valued at $1,500. J. L. Dyer was the itinerant of this region
for many years, and W. F. Warren has worked faithfully there for the past
three years. Rev. Jesse Smith is the present pastor. The membership so
varies here in summer and winter, changes owing to the climate and mining
seasons, that we have no accurate report.
RALSTON.
This is a farming region, about six miles north of Golden City. A neat
little frame church was built here under the pastorate of Rev. Jesse Smith,
costing about $1,800. This is the first strictly rural church ever built in
Colorado. The pastors of this circuit have been W. M. Smith, D. W. Scott,
Jesse Smith, and G. W. Swift, the present pastor.
VALMONT.
Here a plain, brick chapel was built some years ago, under the pastorate
of Rev. C. King. The membership is about twenty-five. A good Sunday
school is in existence. The pastors of the circuit have been C. King, O. P.
McMains, W. W. Baldwin, R. Van Valkenburg, and R. W. Bosworth. who
was transferred here since the last conference, to take pastoral charge of this
place and Boulder.
MILL CITY
Has a small, unfinished chapel, built, under the direction of Rev. G. Rich-
ardson, in 1866-7. This place has been included in the Empire and Idaho
circuit.
Projects are in hand for building at Boulder, Idaho, Nevada, Littleton,
and Trinidad; and in other places the question of church building is being
raised.
The presiding elders of the Methodist Church in Colorado have been
as follows: 0. A. Willard, W. B. Slaughter, W. M. Smith, J. L. Dyer, Geo.
Murray, and B. T. Vincent. The last two are at present in charge of the
districts. The work is undergoing constant enlargement. A District jMin-
isterial Association and Sunday School Institute are in active existence in
the Denver district.
CATHOLIC CHURCH.
Before the organization of the Territory the churches, in what is now
Colorado, were under the jurisdiction of the Right Rev. Bishop Miege, of
Leavenworth, Kan. Bishop Miege transferred his jurisdiction to Bishop
Lamy, of Santa Fe, who retained the charge until 1868, at which time
Bishop Joseph P. Machebeuf, formerly Vicar General of the Territory, was
appointed Bishop of Colorado and Utah, and assumed the charge, which he
now retains.
In 1860, Bishop Machebeuf and Father John B. Raverdy came to the
Territory as missionaries. They both had charge of the whole Territory for
nearly three years, without any clerical assistance. When they came to
Denver there was no church, but there was one in course of erection, which
was soon completed and occupied.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 139
Early ia 18G0 a mission was organized in Central City, a most beautiful
location selected, a frame chapel built, which was attended, every two weeks,
from Denver. In 1863 a permanent pastor was appointed, and preparations
have been made for schools and a hospital under the care of the Sisters of
Charity.
In Georgetown a most commanding and central block was secured, some
improvements made, and a church is now being built; and a permanent
pastor will soon be appointed.
In Boulder county, on South Boulder creek, a beautiful farm has been
secured for the benefit of the church, a monthly visit made to the Catholic
settlement, and a church will soon be erected for their accommodation.
At Colorado City and Pueblo good locations have been selected, and a
church will be built, during the spring of 1871, at Pueblo. At Trinidad,
Calebra, Costilla and Conejos, in San Luis park, churches have already been
erected and parishes organized.
In Golden City a neat frame church was erected, in 1866, on a fine block
generously donated by Hon. W. M. Loveland and Judge Johnson. Prepara-
tions are also made for schools, etc.
In the southern part of the Territory, where there are from lO.OUO to
12,000 Catholics (mostly Mexicans), four parishes have been organized and
seven priests appointed to attend to their spiritual wants.
The diocese of the Bight Kev. Bishop Machebeuf includes Colorado and
Utah. His residence is at Denver. The church at Denver is in charge of
the Bev. Father McGrath ; that at Central City in charge of the Bev. Father
John B. Baverdy; and the one at Salt Lake is presided over by the Bev.
Father John B. Foley.
SCHOOLS.
St. Mary's Academy, under the direction of the Sisters of Loretto, was
established in 1864. The property of the institution comprises one and a
half blocks of ground on California street, between E and F streets, Denver.
When this property was purchased there was located on it a building — a
private residence. Since that time the Sisters have constructed a large brick
building, which was partially destroyed by fire in April, 1869, and rebuilt
the same year, with a third story, with capacity to furnish ample accommo-
dations for thirty boarders, and will be further enlarged to meet the wants
of this rapidly-growing Territory. There are at present, at the school,
thirteen Sisters, who have charge of all the departments. Every branch of
education usually included in a seminary course, with the modern languages,
is taught at this school. This institution has been liberally patronized by
all classes, and is amongst the first in the Territory.
Another flourishing school was established, last spring, at Trinidad,
under the care of five Sisters of Charity; and two more such schools will be
opened, during the spring of 1871, by the same Sisters, in Conejos and
Costilla, in San Luis park.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
The first Presbyterian church, of Denver, was organized December 15,
1861, in the International Hall, on Ferry street. It is now located on F
street, between Lawrence and Arapahoe streets, and is a substantial brick
building, valued at 88,000. Number of members, fifty-five.
140 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Officers.— J. Q. Charles, W. F. McClelland, elders. J. Q. Charles,
J. W. Horner, J. E. Estabrook, J. Moncrief, 11. -11. Hamilton, trustees.
W. H. Hubbard is superintendent of the Sunday school; average attend-
ance, 112; volumes in library, 100.
The stated supplies of this church, since its organization, have been as
follows: Rev. A. S. Billinesley, December 15, 1861, to 18—; Rev. A. R.
Day, March 14, 1863, to>cbruary 10, 1865; Rev. J. B. McClure, Octo-
ber 1, 1865, to November 1, 1867; Rev. A. Y. Moore, March 15, 1868,
to May 15, 1868. Rev. E. P. Wells, the present pastor, entered upon the
discharge of his duties November 12, 1868.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
The public school system of Colorado is similar to that of other Terri-
tories and the States. The people are alive to educational interests, and, in
several instances, better and more expensive school buildings have been
erected than can be found in Eastern towns containing twice as many inhab-
itants. Many portions of the Territory are yet, unavoidably, without ade-
quate school facilities; but, as a whole, it is better supplied than any
Territory in the Union.
The whole number of school districts is 125; the whole number of
school houses, 100; school enumeration, 7,539; and the number of pupils
attending, 4,067.
There are high schools organized at Denver, Central City, Black Hawk,
Burlington, Boulder City, Pueblo and Greeley. The high school building
at Central City is built of stone, is a model of architectural taste, and, for
commodiousness and adaptation to its purpose, would do credit to the most
enterprising and fastidious New England city. It has recently been com-
pleted, at a cost of about S20,000. Another, at Black Hawk, cost nearly
§15,000; and, at Denver, arrangements are in progress to erect a building at
a cost of $40,000. At the latter place the authorities are now occupying
the Colorado Academy building; but it is inadequate to the wants of the
place, and must soon be superseded by an edifice which will fully accommo-
date the growing wants of the town, and correspond with its enterprise and
intelligence in other directions.
The school fund of 1870, raised by a special school tax in the various
counties, amounts to $61,881.27. There is, as yet, no Territorial fund,
although the usual reservation of school lands (sections sixteen and thirty-
six in each township) has been made by Government, so that, as soon as the
Territory shall have become a State, this will largely augment her ability to
foster means of public education.
There is a territorial superintendent of public instruction, and a county
superintendent for each county. These are all elected once in two jears.
The counties are divided into districts, and each district has its board of
three directors, who employ teachers and have general supervision of the
aifairs of the district. These directors are elected annually, ia May.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
141
The following is a list of the territorial and county superintendents of
Colorado, for 1871-2:
AY. C. LoTHROP, Territorial Superintendent of Puhlic Instruction.
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS.
COUNTT.
SUPERINTENDENT.
POST OFFICE.
W. C. Lothrop
Denver
Bent
Las Animas City
Valmont
A. R. Day
Clear Creek
Wm. M. Clark
Georgetown
Frank Sager
Loma
(No report.)
Cherry Creek
Colorado City
Canon City
Central City
El Paso
Fremont
W. R. Fowler
Gilpin
James Mills
M. A. Stewart
St. Mary's
•Jefterson
JI. C Kirhy
Golden City
Granite
Big Thompson
Las Animas
Jacob Beard
Trinidad
I'ark
J. Marshal Paul
Fair Play
Excelsior
Pueblo
John Cox
R. P. Powell
Sagauche
Delaware City
IT B Turner
SOCIETIES.
MINERS AND MECHANICS INSTITUTE, CENTRAL.
In the winter of 1866, the leading citizens of Central concluded, in view
of the rapid growth of their city, to organize, if possible, a public library
and literary institute. The want of such an institution was felt keenly by
the intelligent portion of the community, and the initial movement, which
has already brought about most favorable results, received the prompt sup-
port of all classes.
The first systemized action in the matter was taken at a public meeting,
convened by a general call in the newspapers of the day, which was held on
the 13th day of December, 1866. The attendance at this first meeting, for
the public discussion of the advantages of a public library and the adoption
of proper measures to speedily secure the desired object, was large, and a
lively interest in the matter was manifested by all present. The following
well known gentlemen were called upon to act as officers of this gathering:
President, H. B. Morse; Vice-Presidents, L. C. Tooles, A. J. Vanderen,
Charles W. Mather, George T. Clark; Secretary, Frank C. Young.
142 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
The matter under consideration was discussed generally, and a copy of
resolutions, urging the necessity of immediately organizing and liberally sus-
taining a public library, was submitted by W. R. Thomas. These were suit-
ably amended and adopted. It was further resolved that a committee of
seven be appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws, to be submitted to a
subsequent meeting, which was to take place one week from that date.
At the time specified, December 20, 18G6, the friends of the organization
again assembled, with H. B. Morse in the chair. The committee on con-
stitution and by-laws reported, they believed, that to effect a regular organi-
zation, the granting of a charter was the first object to be accomplished;
and, that in view of this, they had drawn up a petition to be submitted to
the Territorial legislature, then in session. This petition was read before
the meeting, and became the subject of spirited debate. Certain portions
of it were extremely objectionable, and on motion of George T. Clarke, the
committee was instructed to present a revised report of the proceedings at
the next meeting. This was done; the charter was obtained; constitution
and by-laws adopted, and the following gentlemen elected as first officers of
the Miners and Mechanics Institute, at a meeting held in Washington Hall,
January 21, 1867:
President, G. P. Buchanan; Vice-President, S. P. Lathrop; Secretary,
Frank C. Young; Treasurer, J. H. Goodspeed; Librarian, C. E. Sherman.
This brief history of the initial steps in the organization of the institute
conveys but a poor idea of the magnitude and importance of the work accom-
plished by the sturdy friends of science and literature, who have been active
members of this association. But a visit to the institute to-day, and an exam-
nation of its shelves, laden with nearly 1,000 volumes of carefully selected
and well bound works on art, science and literature (besides numerous monthly
journals, and weekly and daily periodicals), and its rare and costly cabinets of
ores, minerals, fossils, petrifactions and specimens of the precious metals, will
give even the casual observer abundant evidence of the earnest and effective
manner in which the live members of this association have conducted their
arduous labors.
The charge of the affairs of the institute has always been entrusted to
officers chosen from among our most intelligent and energetic citizens. In
looking over the records, we find that James Burrell, Samuel Cushman,
Hugh Butler, George T. Clark, A. J. Vanderen, Charles E. Sherman,
and many others of Central's prominent citizens, have been especially active
in promoting its welfare. Such efficient aid ensures success. As an assur-
ance to the friends of the institute that its affiiirs are still under the control
of suitable officers, we append the names of those elected at a meeting; held
on the second Monday in October, at the rooms of the institute, in Odd Fel-
lows building, Lawrence street:
President, Samuel Cushman; Vice-President, Thomas J. Campbell; Sec-
retary and Librarian, E. E. Burlingame; Treasurer, T. H. Potter.
ST. JAMES LIBRARY ASSOCIATION, CENTRAL.
This library contains over 400 well bound volumes, besides journals and
periodicals, comprising many valuable literary, scientific and religious works,
selected with great care, by persons thoroughly qualified for the task, both
by natural tastes and educational attainments.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 143
The rooms of the association are in the basement of the Methodist church
building, on Eureka street, Central, and are tastefully fitted up and furnished
by the association for library purposes exclusively, and are a very pleasant
place of resort for lovers of good literature.
The character of the works in St. James' library are of a high order,
and, though not numerous, are exceedingly valuable, and the affairs of the
association are in a prosperous condition.
The library is conducted on the circulating plan, but is open to visitors
at all seasonable hours. The present officers are:
President, D. C. Collier; Vice-President, Hal. Sayre; Treasurer, A. J.
Yanderen; Secretary and Librarian, I. W. Stanton.
TERRITORIAL LIBRARY.
The valuable collection of books, public documents, and mineral speci-
mens which constitute this library are kept in suitable rooms in Denver, in
charge of the Territorial Librarian. The collection of works for this insti-
tution commenced early in the history of the Territory, and a librarian (W.
S. Walker) was appointed in 18G2. The duties of this librarian, and the
management of the library, are defined in chapter fifty-two of the Revised
Statutes; and a general supervision of the institution becomes a part of the
duties of the Territorial Legislature.
To give a fair exhibit of the condition of the library, and the number of
volumes contained therein, we publish the report of a committee of the
Legislature, who examined the library in 1870:
"Denver, Colorado Territory, February 9, 1870.
' lion. Geo A Hinsdale^ President of the Legislative Council:
"Sir: Your committee, to whom was referred the examination of the
Territorial Library, beg leave to submit the following report:
" We find the total number of volumes in the library to be 2,506, as
follows :
Books catalogued, on hand and accounted for 891
Books catalogued, but not accounted for 137
United States public documents (bound) 627
Statute laws, journals, reports, etc., of d:trerent States and Territories (bound).. i'l~
United States public documents (pamphlet form) 127
Laws and documents of diCFerent States and Territories (pamphlet form) 235
Miscellaneous books not heretofore catolosrued 62
"All of which is respectfully submitted
"J.C.Hughes, ')
J. W. Nesmith, V
J. M. Yelasquez, 3
J. W. Nesmith, V Committee."
Owing to the interest taken in this important public institution by the
present efficient librarian, Geo. T. Clark, valuable additions have been made
to the library since the date of this report.
The rooms are open to the public generally, and volumes can be taken
out, by complying with the prescribed rules.
144 KOCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTOKY
PICKENS CI.UB.
This is a literary society, organized at Georgetown in the spring of ISTO.
hv a few of the citizens of that beautiful city, who have, evidently, amoug
thoir nuuibors some true lovers of the artistic and beautiful, or they would
not have invoked the spirit of that great master of the human he;\rt, Charles
Dickens, to preside over their deliberations.
Althou;:h we sojourned in Georgetown some weeks, in the fall of ISTv),
we have no data concerning the society, except the list of officers, kindly
furnished by C. A. Hoyt, Esq., one of the club. They are as follows:
II. C. Chapin, President; C. 0. Marble, Vice-Pre'sident; K. S. Morri-
son, Secretary; E. C. Parmelee. Treasurer.
Executive Committee. — C. A. Iloyt, Chairman ; C. A. Martine, F. A
Pope.
COLORADO AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
This organization, which has for its object the advancement of all Terri-
torial industries, as well as agricultural, is one of the most important institu-
tions of Colorado, and h:xs the hearty encouragement and support of all
public spirited citizens.
The first annual exhibition of the society was held in Denver, in the fall
of 1SG6, and yearly exhibitions have been holden regularly from that time
to the present. It has exerted a ]>owerful aud wide-spread influence in pro-
moting all industries, and has aided efficiently in increasing the material
wealth aud general prosperity of the Territory.
The steady and healthy growth of this society, and the never-failing
interest it has excited among all classes, is one of the best evidences of the
real solid basis upon which the superstructure of Colorado industries are
founded, aud insures the future greatness and wealth of her people.
The grounds and buildings of the society are located about two miles
from the centre of Denver, adjoining the grounds of the Ford Park Associ-
ation. The location is well chosen, and the grounds and buildings admirably
suited for the purpose of exhibiting stock, agricultural and mineral products,
manutacturers' material of every description, and the works of art, which
display the taste and cultivation of our educated citizens.
The exhibit of 1S70 surpassed all others in the quantity and quality
of the material displayed, and was attended by all the leading citizens of
the Territory, and vast numbers of people from all parts of this and adjoin-
ing Territories and States. The prizes awarded to those whose products
excelled, were appropriate and valuable, and the general management of ■
affairs, in all respects, satisfactory to all interested. The success of this
society, in every way, is beyond doubt, and its sphere of usefulness will be
constantly enlarged.
Although Colorado has only commenced her second decade — and her
limus reach far out into the unexplored regions of the Great West, and
embrace the Great Desert and inaccessible mountains — still her progress in
the arts, agriculture, stock raising and manufacturing, as exemplified" by tl;.-!
exhibitions of this society, gives her an enviable position amon^ the politicnl
divisions of the country west of the Missouri, and insure her from the rival-
ship of any adjoining districts.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 145
The following is a list of the officers and directors of this society :
Officers of the Association. — Horatio B. Bearce, President; Jos.
W. Watson, Vice-President; Oliver A. Whittemore, Secretary; David A.
Chever, Treasurer; Col. Ralph C. Webster, Chief Marshal.
Executive Committee. — David C. Collier, Peter Magnes, Isaac H.
Batchellor, James M. Wilson, George T. Clark.
Directors. — D. C. Collier, Gilpin county; S. G. Nutt, Jeffijrson county;
J. T. Lynch, Clear Creek county; John S. Wheeler, Weld county; W. B.
Osborn, Larimer county; J, B. Kice, Pueblo county; B. B. Field, Pueblo
county; Anton Schingelholtz, Douglas county; W^illiam Sheppard, Fremont
county; P. M. Housel, Boulder county; Jos. W. Bowles, Arapahoe county;
Ferdinand Meyer, Costilla county; William Craig, Huerfano county; L. S.
Head, Conejos county; W. J. Godfrey, Sagauche county; Samuel Hartsell,
Park county; W. P. Pollock, Summit county; H. H. DeMary, Lake county;
L. Mullin, Greenwood county; Mark B. Price, Bent county.
BOULDER county AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Like the parent society, at Denver, this institution has for its object the
promotion of all Territorial industries, and has done its part towards increas-
ing the general wealth of the Territory, by encouraging and fostering all
agricultural, mining and manufacturing enterprises.
Although a youthful organization, it has the the growth and strength of
manhood, and is under the management of gentlemen largely interested in
the welfare of the county, and anxious and able to advance her interests in
every way.
The grounds are finely located near Boulder City, and the buildings sub-
stantially constructed, and well suited to the purpose.
The exhibitions are held yearly, and are largely attended and well con-
ducted.
The usefulness of similar associations is well known in all countries, and
the Boulder County Agricultural Society is not behind any other of its
years, with equal facilities, and is a credit to the county and Territory. We
regret our paucity of statistics concerning this institution, as we are not able
to give its present officers and directors, but know of its general good repu-
tation and prosperity, and feel assured that its growth will be commensurate
with that of the county and Territory.
FORD PARK ASSOCIATION.
The initial measures toward the organization of this association were
inaugurated by William R. and H. F. Ford, who at that time owned a race
track on a part of the ground now belonging to the association. Among
the petitioners for a charter, which was granted by special act of the Terri-
torial legislature, approved January 7, 1867, we find the following names,
which are well and favorably known to the citizens of Denver, and the Ter-
ritory generally : James M. Broadwell, Henry J. Rodgers, Alexander Ben-
ham, Wm. F. Wilder, Charles A. Cook, Fox Diefendorf, Isidor Dietsch,
Isaac H. Batchelder, John Wanless.
A meeting of the corporators for reading and accepting the act of incorpo-
ration was held January 18, 1867, at the house of Ford & Bro., in Denver, at
10
146 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
which the following were present: Henry J. Rodgers, Isidor Dietsch, Charles
A. Cook, James A. Broadwell, Alexander Benham, William F. Wilder, and
Fox Diefendorf, by his attorney, Hiram F. Ford. The act was accepted,
and William F. Wilder was authorized to open books for subscription to the
capital stock of said association, and the entire stock was taken by the fol-
lowing gentlemen: William R. Ford, twenty shares; Hiram F. Ford, twenty
shares; William F. Wilder, ten shares; Charles A. Cook, ten shares; Henry
J. Rodgers, ten shares; Fox Diefendorf, ten shares ;_ Isidor Dietsch, five
shares; Alexander Benham, five shares; J. Bright Smith, ten shares.
William R. Ford was appointed a committee to report by-laws, rules and
regulations for the government of the association, to the next meeting, which
took place January 21, 1867, where ninety shares of the stock of the associa-
tion were represented by the following stockholders: Charles A. Cook,
Isidor Dietsch, Alexander Benham, William F. Wilder, Fox Diefendorf, by
his attorney, Hiram F. Ford, and William R. Ford. The report of the com-
mittee on by-laws, rules and regulations was submitted and approved. The
by-laws, comprising sixteen articles, embraced all the leading features of
similar codes elsewhere; and the rules and regulations — thirty-two articles
and twenty-four rules — were very comprehensive, and contained every sug-
gestion, explanation and direction necessary for the complete government
of a jockey club or racing association of the highest character. No racing
association in America has a better code of laws, or insists upon the observa-
tion of these more rigidly than the Ford Park Association of Denver.
The officers of the association are a president, vice-president, secretary,
treasurer, and three directors. The president, vice-president and directors
compose the board of directors.
The first officers were elected at the meeting held January 21, 1867, and
were as follows: J. Bright Smith, president; Wm. R. Ford, vice-president,
Wm. F. Wilder, secretary; Henry J. Rodgers, treasurer; Isidor Dietsch,
Charles A. Cook, Alexander Benham, directors.
The funds, accruing from the sale of stock and other sources, have been
used to improve the grounds, which are now inclosed with a concrete wall
of considerable height and superior workmanship. The grand stand, stables,
and other buildings are commodious, and well and tastefully finished, and
the track one of the best in America. It is so arranged that it can be flooded
with water, from a neighboring irrigating canal, at any time, and consequently
is free from dust, and is never heavy from the accumulation of mud.
The location of the park is about two miles from the centre of Denver,
near the junction of the Kansas Pacific and Denver Pacific railways, and
is reached by excellent roads from all quarters, and surrounded by scenery
of surpassing beauty and grandeur. At present, the greater portion of the
stock is owned, and the track entirely controlled by the following gentlemen:
John Hughes, David H. Mofi'att, Abram K. Lincoln
TURNERS.
This German society, so well known and so much revered by the children
of the "Fatherland" in every country, has already been firmly established
111 the principal cities of the Territory.
At Denver the Turners are numerous, and their society in a prosperous
condition.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 147
At Central they have a fine hall, well furnished and fitted up as a gym-
nasim and concert and dance hall, with necessary dressing and withdrawing
roouis. The building, which was formerly an extensive ore mill, was pur-
chased by the society for the sum of $3,000, and additions and improve-
ments have been added at an additional cost of 85,000; and, altogether, the
hall is well adapted to the purposes of the society, and is valuable property,
and under the charge of A. Carstens, who resides on the premises.
The Turners of Central, Black Hawk and Nevada are united in one
society, under the following officers: Charles Steinle, President; E. Gold-
man, Vice-President. Number of members, forty.
MASONIC.
The first lodges of this ancient order, in Colorado, were organized under
charters granted by the Most Worshipful Grand Lodges of Kansas and
Nebraska. In 1861, the matter of the formation of a Grand Lodge of Colo-
rado was freely discussed, and on the 2d of August, of that year, the masters
and wardens of the several lodges in the Territory convened at Golden, in
accordance with previous agreement, and the Grand Lodge of Colorado was
regularly organized, and the following officers duly installed:
J. M. Chivinston, G. M., Gold Hill; S. M. Bobbins, D. G. M., Park-
ville; James Ewing, S. G. W., Parkville; J. M. Holt, J. G. W., Gold Hill;
Eli Carter, G. T., Golden; O. A. Whittemore, G. S., Parkville.
The following lodges were represented in this Convention : Golden City,
No. — ; Rocky Mountain, No. 8, Gold Hill; Summit, No. 7, Parkville.
The first annual communication of the Grand Lodge of Colorado was held
in Denver, December 18, 1861. Returns from the following lodges were
received:
Golden City, No. 1, Golden City, Wm. Train Muir, W. M., number of
members, 18; Summit Lodge, No. 2, Parkville, James Ewing, W. M., num-
ber of members, 31; Rocky Mountain, No. 3, Gold Hill, J. M. Holt, W. M.,
number of members, 13.
These lodges, with a total membership of 62, represented Masonry in
Colorado, in 1861. At the ninth annual communication, held at Denver,
September 28, 1869, returns were received from the following lodges, all in
' Colorado :
Golden City, No. 1, Golden City; Nevada, No. 4, Nevada; Denver, No.
5, Denver; Central, No. 6, Central; Denver, No. 7, Denver; Empire, No. 8,
Empire; Black Hawk, No. 11, Black Hawk; Washington, No. 12, George-
town; El Paso, No. 13, Colorado City; Columbia, No. 14, Boulder City;
Mt. Moriah, No. 15, Canon City; Pueblo, No. 17, Pueblo; Valmont, under
dispensation, Valmont; Germania, under dispensation, Denver.
Total number of members 717
Entered Apprentices 71
Fellow Crafts 18
Grand total 806
These figures demonstrate the growth and prosperity of Masonry in the
Territory.
J 48 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
The following is a list of the officers of the Grand Lodge, regularly chosen
and duly installed at this meeting : ^ ^ ,, ^ t^ » ,
Henry W. Teller, G. M.; Richard Soporis, D. G. M.; W. D. Anthony,
S. G. W. ; Hal Sayr, J. G. W. ; Wm. W. Ware, G. T. ; Ed. C. Parmelee, G. S.
We have no data from the tenth annual communication of the Grand
Lodge, held at Central, in September, 1870, nor statistics from but few of
the subordinate lodges.
The following is all the data at hand :
Nevada Lodge, No. 4. — List of officers of Nevada Lodge, No. 4, F. &
A. M., for the ensuing year: Isaac N. Henry, W. M.; William Emperor,
S. W.; W. S. Haswell, J. W.; J. F. Phillips, Treasurer; J. W. Ratliff,
Secretary; Wm. M. Finley, S. D.; James Trezise, J. D.; Michael Braun
and W. R. Hyndman, Stewards; J. K. Jones, Tyler.
Denver Lodge, No. 5, at its regular communication, held December
17, A. L. 5870, elected and installed, for the ensuing year, the following
officers: G. G. Brewer, W. M.; F. M. Danielson, S. W.; J. Lambert,
J. W.; Phil. Trounstine, Secretary; George Tritch, Treasurer; ,
S. D.; L. McCarty, J. D.; A. T. Randall, Tyler.
Denver Union Lodge, No. 7, elected and installed the following, as
officers for the ensuing year, on the 24th of December, A. L. 5870: W. D.
Anthony, W. M.; E. A. Willoughby, S. W.; M. A. Rogers, J. W.; E. G.
Matthews, Secretary; Frank Palmer, Treasurer; , S. D.;
, J. D.; A. T. Randall, Tyler.
Black Hawk Lodge, No. 11. — The following is a list of officers for
the ensuing year: Geo. E. A. Coggdon, W. M.; Geo. F. Simmons, S. W.;
H. P. Cowenhoven, Treasurer; S. H. Bradley, Secretary; Geo. Wells, S. D.;
Robert Bushney, J. D.; Jacob Tullman and P. Willey, Stewards; J. M.
Sutter, Tyler.
Laramie Lodge, No. 18, A. F. & A. M., have elected the following
officers for the ensuing year: J. H. Hayford, W. M.; T. J. Dayton, S. W.;
G. W. Ritter, J. W.; Gustave Schuler, Treasurer; J. E. Gates, Secretary;
Martin Follet, S. D.; A. T. Williams, J. D.; J. S. Pfeiffer and Walter Sin-
clair, Stewards; W. W. Smithson, Tyler.
The masons of Greeley have been granted a dispensation for Occidental
Lodge, No. — , but have not, at this date, December 28th, been instituted.
The brethren recommended F. L. Childs, for W. M., E. W. Gurley, for
S. W., and H. W. Lee, for J. W. Address E. B. Annis, Secretary.
Chivington Lodge, No. 6, (Central), A. F. & A. M., was chartered
by the Grand Lodge of Colorado, December 11, 1861: Allyn Weston,
W. M.; Thos. J. Brower, S. W.; Henry M. Teller, J. W. At the annual
session of the Grand Lodge, in October, 1868, the name of Chivington was
changed to Central Lodge, No. 6, its present name. The present officers
are: E. C. Beach, W. M.; N. H. McCall, S. W.; Benj. Lake, J. W.; R. C.
Lake, Treasurer; S. I. Lorah, Secretary; Foster Nichols, S. D.; James
Hutchinson, J. D.; Geo. A. Pugh, Tyler.
Central City Chapter No. 1, Royal Arch Masons, was chartered by
the General Grand Chapter Royal Arch Masons, of the United States of
America, March 23, 1863, with the following officers: A. J. Van Deren,
H. P.; Aaron M. Jones, K.; James T. White, S. The present officers are:
Benj. W. Wisebart, M. E. H. P.; H. M. Orahood, K.; John W. Ratliff, S.;
R. C. Lake, C. H.; James V. Dexter, P. S.; A. M. Jones, R. A. C; John
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 149
Best, M. 3d Veil; Benj. Lake, M. 2d Veil; Wm. Fullerton, M. 1st Veil;
Thos. H. Potter, Treasurer; S. I. Lorah, Secretary; Geo. A. Pugh, Sentinel.
ODD FELLOWS.
Previous to the organization of the Grand Lodge of Colorado, at Denver,
in November, 1867, the lodges in the Territory were under charter from
the Grand Lodge of Kansas. The rapid increase in the number of Odd
Fellows in the Territory, in 1867, and the remoteness of the Grand Lodge
of Kansas, made the necessity of the above organization apparent, and active
measures for its completion were inaugurated. Dr. R. G. Buckingham, of
Denver, an active and honored member of the order, was prominent in this
desirable movement, and was ably aided in his efforts by leading members
from all parts of the Territory. The elective officers of the first Grand
Lodge of Colorado were the followinir:
R. G. Buckingham, M. W. G. W., ^Denver; H. E. Hyatt, R. W. D. G. M.,
Nevada; John Chamord, R. W. G. W., Denver; John W. Ratliff, R. W.
G. S., Nevada; Herman H. Heiser, R. W. G. T., Central; Clarence P.
Elder, G. R. to G. L. U. S., Denver.
The following are the officers of the Grand Lodge, regularly chosen and
duly installed at the session of October, 1870, at Denver:
C. H. McLaughlin, M. W. G. M., Denver; J. H. Vandeventer, R. W.
D. G. M., Denver; John H. Jay, R. W. G. W., Kit Carson; John W.
Ratliff, R. W. G. S., Nevada; George Wirth, R. W. G. T., Nevada; Omer
0. Kent, G. R. to G. L. U. S., Denver.
The following are the subordinate lodges in Colorado, with number of
members returned to Grand Lodge session, of October, 1870:
Union, No. 1, Denver, number of members, 90; Rocky Mountain, No.
2, Central, number of members, 83; Colorado, No. 3, Black Hawk, number
of members, 78; Denver, No. 4, Denver, number of members, 74; George-
town, No. 5, Georgetown, number of members, 40; Nevada, No. 6, Nevada,
number of members, 48; Canon City, No. 7, Canon City, number of mem-
bers, 23; Pueblo, No. 9, Pueblo, number of members, 35; Boulder, No. 10,
Boulder City, number of members, 39; South Park, No. 11, Fair Play, num-
ber of members, 28; Elder, No. 13, Kit Carson, number of members, 28;
in all, 11 lodges, with 566 members. We have no data from encampments
in the Territory, nor have we the names of the present officers of the sub-
ordinate lodges. The order owns valuable property in the principal cities
of the Territory, and is financially prosperous. Its condition, in regard to
number of lodges and members, is illustrated by the above statements. The
high character and great usefulness of this order in the Territory, require
no comment here — these are universally acknowledged.
GOOD TEMPLARS.
This most excellent and well known order is represented in Colorado by
the Grand Lodge of the Territory, and sixteen subordinate lodges, from
which we have no statistics. The number of lodges at this time must be
more numerous, but we have no recent data, on account of the remoteness of
our place of publication from the Territory.
150 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
The first annual session of the Grand Lodge was in 1867, and since that
time the growth of the order, in number of members and general usefulness,
has been ' uninterrupted, and it 'already includes among its members the
greater number of our prominent citizens, both male and female.
The efforts of this order to reclaim the victims of intemperance, and
place about them influences likely to prevent further attacks from this insid-
uous monster, are well known and deservedly commended by all respectable
members of society.
At the third annual session of the Grand Lodge of Good Templars, which
was held in Georgetown, in September, 1869, the number of members of
Colorado lodges amounted to 1,051. Since that time they have increased
steadily, and no doubt the actual number of the order at present is not far
short of 1,500.
The interest taken in this order, which has for its object the alleviation
of the worst form of human suffering, by the best citizens of Colorado, is
strong evidence of the high moral tone of public character, generally, in the
Territory.
We regret our inability to give complete statistics of the different lodges
of this order, but it has a strong hold in the Territory, and its success is
beyond question.
GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC.
This military order is represented by posts regularly organized, with
duly installed officers, in all the prominent towns and cities in the Territory.
Among the members of this order are most of the veterans of the " Grand
Army of the Union" in Colorado, and consequently many of the best and
truest citizens, and warmest lovers of human liberty in the country.
We have no statistics of the order that would be interesting to the gen-
eral reader.
OTHER SOCIETIES.
There are scattered throughout our cities and villages, different charita-
ble societies, base-ball clubs, and national associations, which are represented
by goodly numbers of citizens of all classes; but space, as well as a lack of
accurate and recent data, forbids particularization.
MILITARY POSTS
Colorado is in the military department of Missouri, division of Missouri,
with Gen. John Pope, commanding department, and Gen. Phil. Sheridan,
commanding division.
The posts and their commanders are as follows: Ft. Lyon, Maj. R. S.
Dodge Third Infantry, commanding; Ft. Reynolds, Capt. H. B. Bristol,
i^iith Infantry, commanding; Ft. Sedgwick,
Capt. H A. Elderkin. C. S., U. s! A., purchasing C. S., is stationed at
Denver, Col.
There are no hostile Indians in the Territory at present, and the number
or troops is inconsiderable, and their duties confined to escort and camp and
garrison duty. ^
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 151
MINES AND MINING.
INTRODUCTION.
The leading features of the past history of mining in Colorado are not
unlike those of other countries where the precious metals have been discov-
ered. When the key-notes of gold discoveries were sounded throughout
the length and breadth of the country, by Green Russell and his party, there
was the usual rush to the region, of men filled with high hopes and vague
visions of untold wealth. The greater portion of these gold hunters had no
idea, whatever, of the manner in which gold occurs in mineral districts; not
the slightest knowledge of practiciil mining, and but a limited conception of
the difficulties to be overcome, and the dangers to be encountered before any
part of these visions could be realized.
The greater portion of these pioneers were sorely disappointed when they
learned, practically, the exact condition of things, and not a few of them,
vxtterly disheartened and completely cured of the gold fever. These of course
abandoned the country after expending, in comparatively fruitless explora-
tions for the precious metal, all their available means. Others — who receive
due notice elsewhere — still persisted in the search for gold, and yet others,
more determined and adventurous, though partially discouraged and sadly
disappointed, concluded not to return to their Eastern homes unless well
supplied with treasures obtained in some way. These kept up the gold
excitement for their own purposes, until discoveries were made which estab-
lished the existence of gold in paying quantities in their adopted country.
Although the El Dorado of their bright visions was not found, a region
was explored which promised well, and presented to their keen optics a wide
field for successful financial operations. Knowing, from their own experi-
ences, how readily men are controlled by the magic potency of the language
of gold, they made themselves thoroughly conversant with this glittering
vocabulary, and soon became adepts in all the arts used in creating mining
excitements, and experts in mining operations and jobbing in mining stocks.
Deceived, themselves, at the outset, they soon became learned in the
science of deluding others, and never allowed the flames of excitement, kin-
dled by the first Pike's Peakers, to become entirely extinguished. The fact
of the existence of gold in considerable quantities in the gulches, and the
discoveries of many valuable gold mines in the mountains, served the pur-
poses of their speculations admirably, and through the influence these impor-
tant events had upon the public mind, and a series of sharp financial
practices, they managed to bring enough gold to Colorado and their own
pockets to make the country the El Dorado they had pictured. But these
unscrupulous speculators receive due attention elsewhere. Although they
152 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTOR Y
have done a vast amount of injury to the real finances of the country, they
managed to keep money afloat in the Territory at a time when it had not
yet been taken from the mines or the soil, and may have done a small quota
of good while efi'ecting a fearful balance of wrong against our mining inter-
ests. Be this as it may, while these swindling operations were being con-
ducted by sharpers, their blandishments and glittering reports of the richness
of the mineral deposits of the country attracted continued notice to Colorado,
and did their part towards bringing out to the mineral districts capitalists
and miners who had honesty of purpose and suflScient knowledge of their
business to enable them to fully develop the country. The efibrts of this
latter class are apparent everywhere, and the future prospects of our mining
interests never promised so well as at present.
Mining and dealing in mining property in Colorado is now a legitimate
pursuit, and has among those engaged in it the most reliable gentlemen and
the heaviest capitalists of the country. The day has gone by when it is
dangerous to dabble in Colorado mining stocks, and this most important
interest of the country is established upon a firm basis.
There may be hanging around the outskirts of mining camps a few of
the old sharpers, watching for some unwary greenhorn with a few paltry
dollars; but the majority of those who deal in mining stocks, and buy and
sell mining property, are men of business integrity and responsibility, and
deal as honestly and legitimately as any other financial operators in the world.
In a country where good gold and silver veins are as abundant as they
are in Colorado, that class of property will always be in the market, but in
no transfer of property does the buyer stand a better chance to get the value
of his money than when he purchases good gold or silver claims in the mining
districts of Colorado.
In the following chapters we have endeavored to give a fair exhibit of
the mines and mining interests of the Territory, together with some account
of the discovery of the precious metals, and other matters of interest per-
taining to our mining industries. While we know we have failed to do the
subject ample justice, and that there must be many errors and imperfections
in our descriptions, we are confident we have labored honestly and faithfully,
and that our shortcomings are attributable, mainly, to the difficulty of obtain-
ing correct data, and the impossibility of examining for ourselves in every
individual case. We expect the public to consider the difficulties we have
had to contend with, and not judge too harshly of a work, the magnitude
of which can only be understood by persons who have undertaken similar
tasks.
DISCOVERY OF GOLD.
This important event, the results of which have already peopled with
enterprising, energetic and prosperous inhabitants, a vast region, formerly
wild, unexplored and comparatively unknown, is surrounded by mystery and
uncertainty. Spanish documents, filed away in the archives of Spain, if
accessible, might furnish accounts of Spanish adventures and adventurous
Mexican padres, who, accompanied by bands of aboriginees from old Mexico,
pushed their explorations far north to the Missouri river and its tributaries,
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 153
and into the heart of the Sierra Madre mountains, in search of the precious
metals. These might also give data concerning the pioneer miners who dug
out gold from the Spanish Bar diggings on South Clear creek, and nuggets
from the sands of Cache-a-la-Poudre, llalston's creek, and other tributaries
of the Platte; but they are beyond our reach. Vague legendery traditions,
rife with the adventures of old trappers and Indian traders, who enriched
themselves with golden treasures from beyond the vast plains, and far up in
the wild canons of the Rocky Mountains, have been narrated around the
camp fires of western pioneers, since the earliest settlement of these regions,
and many of the Indian tribes who roam the great " American Desert," have
had in their possession nuggets of pure gold, such as are now dug from the
placers of the Territory; but nothing definite is known of the existence of
gold in what is now Colorado, previous to 1852. In the summer of this
year, one Parks, a Cherokee cattle trader, with a party of his tribe, on their
way to California, discovered gold on the banks of a small stream — Ralston's
creek — which empties its waters into "Yasquez" fork of the Platte (now
Clear creek). This was near the mouth of the stream, on the old Cherokee
trail. After this, parties of the tribe prospected at different times along the
tributaries of the Platte in this vicinity, and at length succeeded in obtaining
a small amount of the precious metal. This was carried to Georgia, where
a portion of the tribe still had habitations, and exhibited in the States
through which they passed. Rumor magnified this small quantity of glit-
tering dust to vast sums, and the Western and Middle States were filled
with exaggerated accounts of immense deposits of gold near the head waters
of the South Platte.
The first white man who successfully organized a party to explore these
regions, was W. Gr. Russell, a Georgian, of considerable mining experience
elsewhere. This party, composed of Green Russell and nine others, left
Georgia on the 9th day of February, 1858, and arrived on the head waters
of Cherry creek early in the June following. At Kansas City, Mo., this
party was joined by another, making the whole number who crossed the
plains together, about 100 persons. The Kansas City party became dis-
couraged and returned, after reaching Ralston's creek, but Green Russell's
followers, sustained by entire confidence in their leader, who was fully con-
vinced that gold existed in paying quantities in the Rocky Mountaios, and
along the course of streams which had their origin in these rugged ranges,
continued their explorations, and eventually were rewarded by finding the
long sought for treasure. This was on Dry creek, about five miles from
its confluence with the Platte, and seven miles south of Denver.
The first paying pan of dirt was washed by Green Russell himself, and
yielded 83 in pure gold. The land of gold was discovered, and the realiza-
tion of many a bright vision seemed certain. A portion of the party con-
tinued work at this point until winter set in, taking out from $3 to 810 a
day per hand. Others continued prospecting, and Green Russell returned
in the fall of the same year to Georgia, carrying with him specimens of the
precious metal, and glowing accounts of the richness of this promised land.
The tidings of this important event spread rapidly over the entire continent,
and crossed the great oceans, attracting adventurous spirits from all coun-
tries. Parties assembled at different points along the Missouri river; sup-
plied themselves with all the appliances for gold hunting, gulch minings and
pioneer life, and set out for the "Pike's Peak" gold regions. The wild
154 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
tribes of the plains were startled at the invasion of the pale face, with his
immense trains, laden with supplies and machinery. They questioned and
disputed his right to cross their vast domains, and were answered by the
bullet of deadly revolver or unerring rifle. The red skin could not impede
the march of progress or the hurried stride of the gold hunter, and was
compelled to see cabins of the white man built upon his favorite hunting
grounds, whilst his camp fires no longer illuminated the waters of the Platte,
nor his ponies grazed upon the rich grasses along its border. But the
Indian did not abandon his hunting grounds without a desperate struggle.
Truthful tales of deadly strife with these warriors of the plains are still
related by the hardy pioneers of Colorado; and tourists, in the Rocky Moun-
tains and along the valleys of the Territory, will often meet with quiet,
unassuming settlers, engaged in the peaceful pursuits of mining, farming
or stock raising, who, in the earlier days, participated in bloody frays with
the red men, when nothing but the most determined bravery and unerring
skill in the use of arms, saved them from horrible torture, mutilation, and
agonizing death.
Sufficient of these parties had reached " Auraria" and the other settle-
ments in the vicinity, to make the population about 400, who wintered in the
Territory in 1858-9. Early in the spring, many of these commenced pros-
pecting, and followed up the streams on which gold had been found. The
course of Clear creek prospected better than any other stream, and this was
followed up to a distance of about four miles from the foot-hills, where
extensive placer diggings were worked, and a town of nearly 400 inhabitants
and forty or fifty houses was built in a few weeks, named Arapahoe. This
was soon abandoned, when a town was started a short distance further up
the stream, named "Golden City," which soon became populous and pros-
perous, and remains so to this day. Notwithstanding the numbers hunting
incessantly for the precious metals, but little was found, and consequently
many became completely disheartened, and determined to seek their homes
beyond the plains — fully convinced gold did not exist in paying quantities in
the Pike's Peak country, and thoroughly disgusted with the prospecter's life.
In the way homeward, at ''Auraria," St. Charles, and along their line of
travel across the plains, they met with thousands eu route for the land of
gold, full of bright visions of golden nuggets, and untold treasures, for the
gathering. To these they told the story of failure and disaster — which
was repeated, until the tide of emigration was turned from Pike's Peak gold
regions, and a general stampede made for the Missouri river. Many inci-
dents of the stampede have been related to us, but space forbids their publi-
cation; one will suffice:
Maj. D. C. Oaks, now a citizen of Denver, was amongst the pioneers
of 1858. After satisfying himself that the peculiar advantages of the
country, and the existence of mineral deposits of value, would make it a
desirable place for permanent residence, he returned to the States for the
material to commence the business of supplying lumber to the settlers.
Previous to leaving for the States, he procured a copy of the journal kept
by Green Russell's Georgia party, in the spring and summer of 1858; and
alter his arrival at Pacific City. Iowa, his former home, he, in company with
S. W. Smith, another Pike's Peaker. determined to publish this, with full
descriptions of the best routes across the plains, as a guide-book to emisrrants.
This was done, and the work, with its glowing descriptions of the land of
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 155
gold, was largely circulated amongst the numerous parties then starting from
the Missouri to the Eldorado. These met with the stampeders, and were
horrified at their tales of suffering, failure, and disaster. They then looked
upon Maj. Oaks' book as the author of their misfortunes, and vowed sum-
mary vengeance upon its author. Deadly threats were made, and his effigy
hurried in the sands of the plains, and above it raised a Buffalo bone, with
the following poetical epitaph :
"Here lies the bones of Major Oaks,
The author of this G— D— Hoax."
The innocent cause of all this commotion was, at the time, on his way to
Auraria, with a steam saw-mill — the second in the country — and had the
pleasure of reading his own epitaph. This book was the first work ever
published on Colorado.
While the discouraged gold hunters were on their way to the States,
adventurous pioneers were pushing onward through deep canons and rugged
ravines, to the mountain ranges beyond — still believing the land of gold was
discovered, and untold treasures were within their grasp ! In the front rank
of these bold prospecters were George Jackson and John H. Gregory.
The former found his way up the valley of Clear creek, to the mouth of
Chicago creek, now within the limits of the town of Idaho Springs, Clear
Creek county, and commenced digging and taking out good pay from what
is still known as Jackson's diggings, on Chicago bar. The latter, entirely
alone, pushed forward through the deep ravines of the north branch of Clear
creek, to a point twenty-four miles above " Golden City." Here he commenced
prospecting in a gulch (now Gregory gulch), and from indications, believed
the long sought for treasure was found. Before he could fully satisfy him-
self, a severe snow storm occurred, which prevented further explorations at
that time, and nearly cost him his life. When the storm was over, he was
compelled to return to the valley for supplies. After procuring necessary
provisions, and a companion, Wilkes DeFrees, of South Bend, Ind., he
returned and completed his discovery of gold on the Rocky Mountains — one
of the most important events in the history of the continent. The first
pan of pay dirt, washed by the sturdy pioneer, yielded $4 in gold. The
treasure was found, and wealth, unsurpassed by the fabled riches of eastern
princes, was before him. His excitement was intense. Night came on, but
the realization of his brightest dreams, chased sleep from his eyelids, and
the night was spent in waking dreams of the joys and pleasures his new
found wealth would purchase. Around him were the stern old mountains,
yawning chasms, dense forests, and ferocious wild animals. But he saw
only gold! sparkling, glittering, precious gold! and the rare, beautiful and
pleasurable things that gold would buy.
The date of this discovery — the first discovery of a gold hearing lode in
Colorado — was May 6, 1859. The exact point. Claim No. 5, on Gregory
lode (named after its discoverer), in Gregory mining district, Gilpin county.
Gregory and his coniDanion soon returned to the valley with news of
their success, and S40 in gold, the result of one day's work. This joyous
intelligence swept like a tornado through the towns on the plains; away
across the vast prairies, and over the mighty ocean to all parts of the civilized
world. The tide of emigration from Pike's Peak was turned, and soon
thousands of prospecters were busy with pick and pan in the gulches, and
156 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
on all the mountains surrounding this favored spot. The work of gold
hunting was pushed forward vigorously, and before the winter of 1859,
much valuable mining property— lodes and placer claims— were discovered
and developed; and in the spring of 1860, there were over 20,000 inhabit-
ants in the Territory. The pioneer miners and prospecters, who are still in
the mining districts, are known as "'59ers," and are proud of the title.
The development of the most extensive and richest gold and silver mining
districts in the world is attributable to these adventurous spirits, and it is
just that their names should be honored in this great country they have
have discovered and developed. By these, privations were endured, dan-
gers braved, and formidable difficulties overcome. Trackless plains, infested
by hordes of hostile savages, were crossed; wild cf.fions explored, and tow-
ering mountains ascended. Many of them may never reap a suitable reward
for all this; but the country and coming generations will owe them a lasting
debt of gratitude, and the monuments of their daring adventures will be
great and prosperous cities, vast fields of ripening grain, huge factories and
reduction works, and a wealthy and happy people.
DISCOVERY OF SILVER.
The actual discovery of the precious white metal, in the Territory, dates,
from the first discovery of gold, as silver exists, to some extent, in all the
gold ores of our metalliferous belts.
The exact time, when ores were pronounced silver bearing, is not gener-
ally known; and in the absence of any published records of this event, we
have taken pains to collect correct data in the matter, and arrive at the
truth as nearly as possible. Many of the important silver lodes of the Ter-
ritory, among these the celebrated "Seaton," in Idaho district, Clear Creek
county, and the Griffith, Turner, and others, in the silver mining districts of
this county, were first discovered and worked for gold only. These yielded
fair pay on the surface, but after any considerable depth was obtained, they
ceased to be profitable and were abandoned or worked deeper, with the hope
of finding more gold at greater depths. The "blossom rock," (quartz
stained with metallic oxides), which indicates the proximity of mineral
deposits, differs but little in gold or silver lodes, and no marked diff'erence
was detected by the earlier prospecters, who had no experience in silver
mining. The ores in these veins, however, differ materially in character
and analysis; but these features were not then understood by Colorado
miners — hence the most valuable silver sulphurets were passed by as worth-
less. A brief history of the Seaton lode, now among the most valuable
silver mines in the world, will illustrate this condition of afiairs.
From Mr. S. B. Womack, one of its discoverers and owners, we learn this
great fissure vein was discovered in July, 1861, and mined during the balance
of that year, and 1862 also, for gold only. After a depth of forty or fifty
feet was reached, the gold saved from the ores by stamp mill process — the only
successful manner of treating ores then adopted in the Territory — was pro-
nounced by bankers and experts almost valueless, and brought only $8 per •
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 157
ounce. The metal was nearly white, and received the name of " Seaton
gold." This unlocked for feature in the product of their mine nearly dis-
couraged the owners, and excited considerable interest and much comment
among miners. But few educated assayers were in the country at that
time, and none that had any amount of experience with silver ores, and
consequently a shaft was sunk on this lode to the depth of 278 feet, before
any correct assay was made. About the time the "Seaton gold" was excit-
ing considerable interest, Mr. Holman, a California miner, who had been in
the mines about Black Hawk for over two years, made a trip to California,
during which he visited Nevada, examined silver mines there, and brought
to Colorado with him on his return, specimens of silver ore from the cele-
brated Comstock lode. Mr. Womack had an interview with this gentleman,
examined his specimens of silver ores, and noticed at once their resemblance
to the ores from his mine. Mr. Holman was requested to visit and examine
the Seaton mine, which he did. He noticed similar characteristics in the
ores with those of the Nevada silver lodes, but said they could not be silver
bearing, because there were no silver ores in this Territory. About this
time — the winter of 1861-2, Messrs. Eben Smith and Jerome B. Chaffee, Cali-
fornia miners of considerable experience, also examined the ores, and decided
that from their general appearance they should be very rich, and thought if
a sufficient depth was reached, they would yield largely in gold. The shaft
was then about 150 feet in depth. Nothing was done to prove positively
the existence of silver in the Seaton ores, though Mr. "Womack felt con-
vinced the white precious metal was the leading feature of his mine, and
would eventually make it valuable. His convictions have proved entirely
correct, although the mine was not worked successfully until the fact of
the existence of silver ores in Colorado was demonstrated elsewhere.
In the summer of 1864, Mr. Cooley and Capt. Short, while on a pros-
pecting tour in Summit county, discovered ore in a lode (now the Cooley),
on Glazier mountain, Montezuma mining district. After gathering speci-
mens of this ore, these prospecters visited Central City, Gilpin county, where
the ore was examined by Prof. Dibbin, an educated and experienced metal-
lurgist, D. 0- Collier, editor of the Register, and other experts, and pro-
nounced silver ores. Prof. Dibbin, by a careful assay, established this beyond
doubt, and from this dates the true discovery of silver in the ores of Colo-
rado. The importance of this event cannot be estimated. Its influence
upon the mining interest of the country was at once apparent. A new and
healthy impetus was given to all mining enterprises in the silver districts ;
new and valuable lodes were discovered and worked, and old discoveries,
heretofore worthless, became valuable and important.
To these adventurous prospecters, Mr. Cooley and Capt. Short, and to
Prof. Dibbin (now the efficient manager of the International Company's min-
ing property on McCIellan mountain, East Argentine district. Clear Creek
county), who was the first scientific metallurgist to prove the existence of silver
in the lodes of Colorado, the country is indebted for the development of the
richest belts of silver mines in the known world. The vast treasures of
these mines will not only enrich the inhabitants of the mining districts, but
eventually contribute largely to the general wealth and prosperity of the
■entire nation.
158 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
PKOSPECTING.
It seems to have been the design of the Superior Wisdom to make all
other created matter contribute to the pleasures and happiness of the supe-
rior terrestrial intelligence and masterpiece of creative workmanship — Man.
Certain conditions, the requirements of which are also conducive to his
well being, are imposed; paramount among these — labor. The richest
treasures are buried deepest, and the wildering charms of radiant beauty
the most difficult to win. This incites action and begets energy and enter-
prise, the fruits of which are vigorous health, prosperity and plenty. These
axioms are well illustrated in the subject under consideration — prospecting,
or gold hunting — the means by which mining property is discovered. The
homes of the ores bearing precious metals are deep fissures in the primitive
or secondary formations; their immediate surroundings, solid granite or
dense gneiss, or granitoid, or gneissoid rocks. The locations of these are in
the deep ravines and rugged steeps of mountain ranges. The guide to
mineral bearing fissures or lodes is the "blossom rock," one of the numerous
varieties of quartz which is always a portion of the contents of mineral bear-
ing veins in gold or silver districts. This quartz is porous, and stained red-
dish brown by the oxides of metals, mostly brown and red hematites, and when
usually found by the prospecter, is, like himself, a " traveler," and has in the
interstices of its numerous cells what the prospecter wants in his pockets — the
precious metals. The first object of the prospecter is to find this "blossom ;"
the next, where it comes from. Both require much industry, patience and
perseverence, which are the characteristics of the experienced gold hunter.
His outfit is a pick, pan and shovel. The pick and shovel for their usual
purposes", and the pan to wash earth or decomposed crevice material, sup-
posed to contain particles of gold dust. He is supplied with as much solid
provisions as he can carry. Thus equipped outwardly and inwardly filled
with hope and confidence, he starts out. His way is through dense forests,
along the slopes of steep mountains, over rugged crags, and across towering
ranges. He moves along with a slow, measured step, carefully scans all the
ground within the range of vision, turns over loose rocks, examines the beds
of mountain torrents, and the crevices of rocky ledges. He notes the for-
mations and outlines of mountains, peculiarities of the surface material and
drift, and the character of rocks over which he passes; in short, nothing
escapes his educated vision. When a piece of the "blossom rock " is found, it
is carefully and skillfully examined. When its corners are rounded by con- .
tact, while in motion, with harder material, he knows it has traveled some '
distance, and the crevice from which it came is remote, perhaps high up on the
mountain at whose base it has been found. When the corners are sharp,
and the fracture, where it has been broken from the mass it originally formed
a part of, is recent, he is satisfied its home is near by. In either case, he
makes diligent search foi; the crevice from which it came. Sometimes this
IS found readily, and in other cases his search continues for days or week>.
Every inch of the ground or rocks for thousands of feet around is carefully i
and skillfully inspected. His labors end only with discovery or night, and
he lays down where the latter overtakes him, with no covering save the
canopy of the star and moon lit, or cloud and night darkened sky; his lul- ,
laby the soughing of winds through mountain pines, or the roar of mountain
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 159
cataracts. Unremitting travel, which is extremely fatiguing at great eleva-
tions, insures sleep, and his visions are golden-hued — the great fissure vein
has been found, filled with precious nuggets; mountains recede; beautiful
valleys appear; the kiss of love is on bis cheek, and the loving arms of home
are around him. At early dawn he awakes, partakes of a hearty meal, and
the search is resumed. When the "blossom" is found in considerable quan-
tities or in ledges, he digs down in search of crevice material (decomposed
quartz and minerals with metal ores,) and other evidences of a fissure in the
country rock, with well defined walls. The earth and crevice material taken
out is carefully inspected and washed, and the "color" anxiously watched
for. These found, and a lude is discovered. This may be worth a million
or nothing. It requires much skillful labor and considerable expenditure
of money to define this. What follows is practical mining.
PRACTICAL MINING.
The practical operations of mining vary with the mode of occurrence of
the metals sought for by the miner. The character of mineral deposits in
Colorado is described fully elsewhere in this work, but must receive brief
notice here to aid in a proper classification of the leading features of practical
mining, and to better enable the reader to understand our brief description
of mining operations, implements and appurtenances.
All mineral deposits are either snperjicial or inclosed. The former
include all particles or masses of metals found in debris, or surface material,
washed into plateaus, gulches, or ravines, from the mountains above, and
permanent formations of ore, which are not inclosed in rocky walls nor cov-
ered by surface material. Among the precious metals mined in Colorado,
gold only is found in surface deposits, and this in gulches or placers exclu-
sively.
Inclosed deposits include sheet or tabular deposits, lodes, seams and beds.
These embrace all irregular deposits in rocky formations, pockets, chimneys,
gash veins, etc. la this Territory the only inclosed deposits from which
the precious metals, or ores carrying these, are taken in paying quantities,
are lodes — true fissure veins, bearing mineral — and these only will be referred
to in this chapter.
As lode mining is by far the most important feature of the mining inter-
ests of Colorado, and requires large capital and much skill and experience
to make it remunerative, it demands more extended notice than gulch or
placer digging, and will first occupy our attention. The character of gold
and silver bearing lodes is similar, but their locations and geological forma-
tions differ — gold lodes having their homes mostly in the gneiss, gnessoid,
and transition, or conglomerate rocks, and silver lodes in granite, trap,
basalt, and other primitive formations. How these great fissures in the
country rock have been formed, or in what manner they have been filled
with crevice material, will not be discussed here. That they are numerous
in Colorado, and that they yield, besides the precious metals, lead, zinc, cop-
per and iron in large quantities, are well established facts. The condition
in which the miner finds the crevice and its contents, the peculiar character-
istics of the contents, and the mode of making them available, is the subject
160 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
under consideration. The greater portion of the gold and silver lodes of
Colorado have a northeasterly and southwesterly direction, a trend all the
way from 5° to 60°, and a width varying from one to forty or fifty feet.
The walls enclosing these fissures are composed of the "country rock," and
are often worn quite smooth by the attrition of their contents. When well
defined, they have two good walls; the upper known as the " hanging wall,"
and the lower as the " foot wall." These veins are never regular for any great
extent, either in length or depth. They pinch up and widen out, and,
sometimes, are nearly or completely closed by the " cap," and lost by a " fault."
All these conditions materially afiect the prospects of the miner, and increase
the expense and risk of mining operations. Besides being irregular, these
lodes have often numerous spurs or branches, which extend out from the
main fissure for considerable distances. These are frequently mistaken for
true fissures, and discovered, recorded, worked and sold for such. This has
already caused, and will hereafter lead to much litigation, as continued
working on the spur will trace it to the true fissure, and the question of
ownership becomes a matter of legal dispute and difficulty. Persons buying
mining property in Colorado, should fully satisfy themselves that their claims
are on a true lode before purchasing.
The contents of these fissures vary in different districts, but, besides min-
eral deposits, are mainly composed of the difi"erent varieties of quartz, spar,
clay, slate and talc. In many of the large fissures, great masses of the coun-
try rock, broken from the walls by some convulsion of nature, are wedged
between them, and form what is termed, by miners, a " horse." These often
compose the entire contents of crevices for considerable distances, and their
removal requires a large expenditure of time and money. The term " gangue "
is applied to all crevice material except metals and ores. The manner in
which the mineral is deposited in crevices, varies in different lodes, and
in the same lode at different depths. The usual character of the ores, that
bear both gold and silver in Colorado, are sulphurets of the different metals
and minerals — but rarely do either chlorides or carbonates form any part
of this crevice material. On the surface, and frequently to a depth of forty
or fifty feet, these sulphurets are changed by the action of the elements,
lose a portion of their sulphur, and acquire certain equivalents of oxygen.
When such is the case in gold lodes, the metal is disseminated throughout
the entire contents of the crevice, and the whole mass is decomposed and
broken down, often into quite fine particles, and is easily removed. A por-
tion of the contents, however, carries the precious metal in greater quanti- j
ties than the balance. This is called the "pay streak." When greater
depths are reached, the particles of mineral become aggregated, condensed
and quite solid, and distinct from the gangue, and receive the name of
ore vein. This varies from one inch to four or five feet in thickness, not
only in different veins, but at various points in the same fissure. There is
usually but one ore vein in a crevice, which follows one or the other of the
walls; but this is not universal, as there are frequently two veins, one along
each wall, and sometimes numerous seams distributed throughout the entire
crevice material. Besides these veins there are always more or less of the
metals intimately combined with the entire contents of the fissure.
^ The work of the practical miner is the breaking of this ore in the lode,
Its conveyance to the surface, its proper classification, and the means of
transporting it to accessible points. The manner of accomplishing this
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 161
includes all the operations of practical mining. As lode mining is usually
conducted in Colorado, the first steps toward accomplishing these objects are
digging surface openings to define the course, trend and breadth of the
fissure, and the sinking of shafts, and running drifts and adit levels to reach
all parts of the mine.
The removal of surface material is effected by the pick and shovel,
requires no skill, and is attended with but little labor and trifling expendi-
ture of money. Sinking a shaft requires practical mining skill and consider-
able outlay. The labor and expense of this vary in difl'erent lodes. Where
the breadth of the crevice is four feet or over, and the walls regular and well
defined, these are less than in narrow fissures with ragged walls. The den-
sity or looseness of the contents of the crevice likewise vary the cost of
shafting, as does, also, the different depths obtained. Besides breaking and
removing the contents of the crevice, and, in narrow veins, a portion of the
wall rock in the space required, the shaft has to be timbered — that is,
inclosed in walls of timber, strongly jointed together, to keep the surround-
ing material from filling it, and to secure a safe transit for miners, their
implements, and the material to be removed.
Ladder-ways must also be constructed, and hoisting apparatus for the
purpose of bringing all rock, ore, etc., to the surface. The implements used
by the miners in breaking rock and ore in the shaft, and in the drifts and
levels, are picks, drills, striking-hammers, sledges, shovels, and the apparatus
and powder necessary for blasting purposes. Three different varieties of
picks are in use, the surface or oi'dinary, the pole pick, and the quartz pick.
The surface pick is the longest of the three, and has its sharp steel points
drawn out quite fine. The quartz pick is shorter, stouter and heavier. The
pole pick has a hammer head on the back, which can be used for breaking
rock, quartz or ore. They vary in weight from three and a half to seven
pounds, and are manufactured from the best of steel.
Two kinds of drills are used. The hand-drill, made of one inch, and
one and one-quarter inch octagon English steel, is used by one man, who
both holds the drill and strikes it with the hammer, and tlie ordinary drill,
which is held by one man, and struck with the hammer by another. The
striking hammers are also of steel, and weigh from eight to ten pounds.
There exist among miners different opinions concerning the use of drills;
some claiming that the hand-drill is preferable, and others that the ordinary
drill is the most practical. When common blasting powder is used, doubt-
less the ordinary, or large drill, is most advantageous, but when powder,
manufactured by the California Powder Company, has been introduced, there
seems to be no question about the superiority of the hand-drill. Concerning
the use of the different manufactures of powder, a difference of opinion also
exists, but we believe that the greatest number of experienced miners admit
that the use of the California company's powders cheapens mining operations,
and is not attended with any unusual danger. The character and price of
explosives used in mining is a matter of grave import, and is attracting
universal attention, but we have no data upon which we can base any statis-
tical information.
The manner of charging the hole, drilled in raaterial to be broken up,
varies with the class of powder used, and different modes of discharging the
blast have been adopted. Electricity was at one time considered safe and
available, but either from ignorance of electrical laws of those using it, or
11
162 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
imperfections in the apparatus, numerous accidents have occurred, and, at
present, this system is nearly abandoned in Colorado. A properly con-
structed fuse is now in universal use, and is, without doubt, best adapted to
the purpose in all cases. A thorough knowledge of blasting is most import-
ant to the practical miner, and this seems to have been acquired by all Colo-
rado miners, as accidents are of rare occurrence, and mining operations are
conducted as cheaply here as in older mining countries.
After the material in the shaft, drift or level, has been broken by blast-
ing and the use of picks and sledges, its conveyance to the surface is the
next important measure. To accomplish this, a great variety of hoisting
apparatus is in use. Until considerable depths are obtained, the common
bucket and windlass can be used quite successfully, and in many mining dis-
tricts no other hoisting facilities have yet been introduced, but where shafts
have been sunk to any great depths, more improved hoisting machines are
employed, and among these the Cornish kibble seems to be the most popu-
lar. Still we have seen, in Colorado, every form of hoisting apparatus, from
the ordinary bucket, made from one-half of a barrel, securely ironed, and
elevated and lowered by means of a rope and common windlass, to the supe-
rior guided cage, with steel wire cable and all improvements; the motor
power varying from a one armed negro, or an old mule and whim, to a 100
horse-power steam engine.
When drifts and levels have been run to any extent in a mine, the broken
material has to be conducted from the extreme limits of these to the bottom
of the principal shaft. For this purpose wooden railways, with suitable cars,
have been introduced quite generally. These are sometimes moved by horse
or steam power, but are usually pushed along by men to the desired point.
In mines where these railways have not been built, the ore and other crevice
material is transported in buckets, wheel or hand barrows — operations both
tedious and expensive.
Drifts and levels, as well as shafts, require either timbering or the intro-
duction, at intervals, of stout joists, securely wedged between the wall rocks
of the crevices, to prevent them closing in, and where chambers of any great
extent have been excavated, these have to be surrounded and roofed by
staunch timbers, to prevent caving. While a mine is being opened by shaft-
ing and drifting only^ all of the material broken must be hoisted to the sur-
face, but when fully opened, instead of sinking shafts and running levels to
uncover the mineral, the miners commence "stoping," that is, breaking the
crevice material that forms the roof and a portion of the sides of the drifts
and chambers. This system of mining is attended with less expense, iu
various ways, but principally from the fact that the gangue and broken
wall rock need not be hoisted to the surface. In " stoping," the mineral
vein is "stripped," the gangue allowed to form the floor of the mine, and
the mineral only removed for classification and separation. The classification
of ore usually takes place at the top of the shaft. The first, second and third
class ores are skillfully sorted, and the residue thrown in the " dump heap."
From the great loss or expense attending any mode of treating ore in
Colorado, until recently, and the absence now of any means of reducing a
low grade of ore profitably, the class of material the miner has been com-
pelled to throw in his "dump heap" has been quite rich in the precious,
metals, and no doubt the average value of the contents of these " heaps/"
throughout our mining districts, is over $8 per ton.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 163
From the great elevation above the valleys of many mines in Colorado,
especially the silver mines, and the impracticability of constructing reduc-
tion works on the mountains, the transportation of ores, from the mines to
good wagon roads below, becomes a matter of considerable importance.
Where proper roads can be constructed of course suitable wagons and teams
are employed, but when these are impracticable, other means of transfer must
be adopted. For this purpose "jack-trains" are used in some districts, and
"chutes" in others, but the cheapest and safest manner by which ores are
transferred from the summit of a mountain to its base is by means of a
wooden railway, or tram-way, with cars which furnish their own motor
power, the loaded car, descending, affording sufficient force to drag up the
empty one, and the suspension wire tram-way, with its iron ore baskets or
cages, and steel cables, and the same motor power. We have seen both of
these in operation, and think the former preferable, when the formation
of the mountain admits of its construction. The suspension wire tram-way
is used successfully at the Brown and Coin lodes, about four miles above
Georgetown, where the ore from these lodes is transferred in this manner to
the Brown reduction works; at the Stephens' mine, above Bakerville, near
Gray's peak, and at the Griffith mine, in Georgetown.
We observed the working of the wooden tram-way or railway, and its
peculiar advantages, at the Comstock lode, the property of the Boston
Mining Association, in Summit county. There are two entrances to this
great mine, the principal one about 1,000 feet above the valley, on Glazier
mountain, and the other about 700 feet above this. By Capt. Ware, an
educated and experienced mining captain, and one of the best practical
miners in Colorado, who has charge of the working of this mine, we were
informed that the expense per ton, of delivering ores from their mine to the
reduction works at the base of the mountain, did not exceed twenty cents.
This we could readily understand, after examining the road, which is con-
structed of square timber, with double track, carrying ore cars capable of
transporting about 8,000 pounds each. These cars are so constructed that
they dump the load by a mechanical contrivance, when their destination
is reached, and the only labor required to keep the trains in continuous
motion is that of one man at the brakes. The entire cost of the construc-
tion of the road, its cars and appurtenances, was about $3,000, and with this
trifling expenditure immense quantities of ore can be transported from the
mines to the reduction works at a merely nominal expense. The brake used
by Capt. Ware, is one of his own invention, and the entire construction of
the road so simple, and yet so secure, and so well adapted to its purpose,
that it is well worthy of careful inspection, and should be duplicated in most
of the mines, on the mountains surrounding Georgetown, where ores are now
transferred by "jack-trains," at an expense of $10 a ton, for a few thousand
feet.
A visit to the Comstock mine, in Summit county, is highly beneficial to
the student of practical mining, as he can see there one of the best opened
mines in Colorado, and also learn some practical lessons concerning the
manner in which excellent and well developed mining property is rendered
valuless to its owners by the peculiar management of impractical agents.
When any considerable depth is reached in a mine by shafting, other
obstacles present themselves, which must be overcome. In all locations,
more or less water is encountered and must be gotten rid of, and also
164 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
measures for the introduction of pure air and perfect ventilation of the
mine must be adopted. Besides these, safe and practical means for afford-
ing the miners necessary light should be at hand.
The usual modes of draining shafts are the use of suitable pumps, by
which large quantities of water can be raised with unerring certainty. An
absence of large amounts of water is one of the favorable characteristics of
Colorado lodes, and in many valuable mines, which are worked quite exten-
sively, pumps have not yet been introduced, and the seepage water is removed
by the ordinary bucket and windlass; but, in many of these, pumps would
greatly facilitate mining operations, and in other cases they are indispensable.
The one most used, and considered the best under all circumstances, is the
Cornish pump, which is superior in workmanship and design. The result of
suspending the operation of one of these pumps, in a leading gold lode in Gil-
pin county, has been extremely disastrous to the district, and illustrates the
necessity of introducing a proper power pump in every valuable mine worked
in the country, and the folly of trusting to insufl&cient means of drainage.
The introduction of pure atmosphere into the mines of Colorado, and their
proper ventilation, is usually effected by sinking "air shafts" down to dif-
ferent levels and drifts of mines, at regular intervals, and creating, thereby,
a natural current of pure air, which thoroughly removes all noxious gasses,
carries away the smoke from blasting powder, and supplies any quantity of
healthy breathing material to the workmen. When this means is not adopted,
artificial blowers are introduced, and different mechanical appliances used, to
force the required amount of atmospheric air to every part of the mine.
J Much ingenuity and mechanical skill has been displayed, by practical
miners of all countries, in the invention and manufacture of ventilating
apparatus; but we have no means of deciding upon the peculiar advantages
of any of these, and are led to believe that the means of creating natural
currents, which are available to every practical miner, is better adapted to
all Colorado mines than any of the most improved apparatus, which may
become deranged by unavoidable accidents. We admit our inability to dis-
cuss this subject of ventilating mines with any degree of erudition, and only
plainly assert what is known to every practical miner — its absolute necessity.
Besides the modus operandi of gold and silver mining, thus briefly
sketched, another system, presenting many advantages, is justly attracting
considerable attention in Colorado, and is being practically tested by some of
our largest capitalists and most experienced miners. We refer to mining by
tunneling. Wherever the formation of the country and the location of
lodes admit of their being reached, at great depths, by a cross-cut tunnel or
tunnel on lode, the facilities for removing large quantities of ore, at small
expense, are attainable, and many of the obstacles to be overcome in mining,
by shafts, are partially removed or entirely obliterated. It is a well estab-
lished axiom that the mineral deposits in true fissure veins extend down to
great depths, and often increase in value, slightly, as they descend It is
also well known that the greater number of gold and silver lodes of Colo-
rado traverse mountains of considerable elevation, and that it is usually near
the tops of these where the ore is first discovered. In sinking a shaft on
the lode, of course the direction of the crevice is followed, and there is but
little blind work in the matter; but, as depth is obtained, expenses increase
largely, as considerable power must be expended to hoist ore and water from
the shaft and force pure air to all parts of the mine. The ore, in this case,
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 165
must not only be hoisted to the top of the mountain from the deep shaft, at
considerable expense, but must be removed to the base of the mountain at
no trifling cost. Also, all miners' materials, tools, lumber, etc., must be
dragged to the summit of the range and lowered to the depths of the mine.
All these difficulties are obviated by the excavation of a tunnel, from the
valley into the mountain a sufficient distance to strike the lode to be worked
upon, at a point several hundred feet from the surface, where the deposit of
ore in the vein is likely to be rich in character and considerable in extent. .
In driving a tunnel in a mountain, upon which there has been discovered
lodes whose value has been established, of course a definite direction is given
to the excavation, so that the known veins will be crossed nearly at right
angles, at a depth from the surface most favorable for the removal of large
quantities of ores. Besides the certainty of striking lodes already discovered,
there are chances of opening "blind veins," carrying extensive deposits of
rich minerals and metals, which do not present themselves above the surface
material on the slopes of the mountains; also, favorable opportunities for
touching valuable lodes, the contents of which may crop out far above, but'
have escaped the acute observations of prospecters.
The process of driving tunnels for any considerable distance in mount-
ains, composed of dense primary rocks, is, necessarily, attended with con-
siderable expenditure of time and money. This large outlay, before the
possibility of any returns, and the apparent uncertainty of the enterprise,
are discouraging features inseparable from tunnel mining, and do much
towards discouraging miners and capitalists from engaging in this true system
of mining for the precious metals in Colorado.
The theory, advanced by many of the charlatan mineralists and geologists
who have cursed the Territory with their presence, that the fissure veins in
Colorado do not extend deeper than the base of the mountains they traverse,
has also exerted an influence unfavorable to this process of working mines;
but, in every case where sufficient energy, skill and perseverance have been
exemplified in conducting tunnel-driving enterprises, the result has been
entirely satisfactory to the individual or company engaged, and beneficial to
the country at large. As an illustration of this we will give place to a brief
description of the success of the Burleigh tunnel, which we quote from the
Colorado Miner, of March 3, 1871:
" Seven hundred feet below the surface of the earth the Burleigh tunnel,
935 feet in length, has cut a noble true fissure vein, fifteen feet in breadth,
incased between walls of primitive rock. The vein matter is composed of
feldspar, quartz, argentiferous galena, blende and iron pyrites. The breadth
of the mineral deposit in the whole vein is about four feet. The highest
assay yet obtained is seventy-two ounces in silver and sixty per cent. lead.
By measurements, lately made, we are authorized to state that the vein cut is
not the Mendota. The beneficial influence that this strike will exert on the
mining interests of Colorado no one can estimate.
"Twenty-three months since, Charles Burleigh, Esq., the inventor of the
Burleigh drill and air compressors, commenced his greatest enterprise, the
Burleigh tunnel. The mineral bearing portion of Sherman mountain has
just been reached, and we may safely say that Mr. Burleigh and the few
friends who have stood by him, financially, are the owners of one of the
richest inheritances for themselves and their posterity that ever mortal men
owned.
156 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
" Mr. Burleio-h, by his faith and firm belief in the doctrine of true fissure
.veins being continuous in depth, has achieved a success of incalculable
'benefit for^'himself, his partners, and the country at large. The laurels
achieved by labor, the crown jewel of manhood, are far more enduring than
those awarded to the greatest warrior whose deeds are recorded in the
history of the world."
Other tunnels have been driven into different mountains in the silver
mining districts, with nearly or equally as favorable results, and a coopera-
Ntive association, the Quartz Hill Mining Company, are running, a tunnel
under Quartz hill, near Central, in Gilpin county, which promises remuner-
ative results. The mountain which this tunnel penetrates is traversed by
numerous true fissure veins, bearing gold in inexhaustible quantities. The
greater number of these can be reached at depths peculiarly favorable for
cheap and successful mining, and, without question, the Quartz Hill Tunnel
Company, which is composed entirely of Colorado miners, will eventually
draw immense treasures from this remarkable mountain, as a reward for
their industry and perseverance.
The process of tunneling requires the use of the same mining imple-
ments as shafting, except hoisting apparatus, and the expense varies with
the character of the country rock to be penetrated, and the distance attained.
The entrance to a tunnel, or that portion of the excavation which passes
through surface and drift material, or broken and disintegrated masses of
rock, is always timbered, that is, walled in and roofed with lumber of great
strength. The expense of tunneling, per foot, varies from three or four to
fifty dollars, at the present cost of labor, explosives, tools and material. When
ore veins are struck, adit levels and drifts are run along the course of the
lode, and the mineral broken and classified in the usual manner, and removed
by cars and suitable railways, without the expense of hoisting and hoisting
apparatus.
The means of ventilating and draining tunnels is simple, and the cost
trifling. The construction of a tube, or air chamber, the entire length of the
excavation, and an occasional air shaft, reaching the surface, insure a suffi-
cient and continued supply of pure atmosphere, and the trend of the floor
of the tunnel its complete drainage.
The superior advantages of mining by tunnels, wherever the location of
the lode is favorable, are admitted by all practical miners, and, as the forma-
tion of the surface of the country in most of the silver mining districts of
Colorado is peculiarly adapted to this system, without doubt, the greater
number of our silver mines will eventually be worked through the medium
of tunnels.
In the gold districts many of the most important veins cannot be struck
at any great depth by tunnels, and the general outlines of the surface of the
region are not especially favorable for this system of minins; still, when the
gold mines of Gilpin county are thoroughly opened, complete advantage
taken of their immense wealth and extent, and their wonderful resources
Jfully developed, tunnels, many miles in length, will penetrate all the mount-
ains upon which rich mines have been discovered, and form a general high-
way to the vast amount of hidden treasures that are stored in the rocky
depths of this series of mountain spurs.
The great variety of conditions and circumstances that aff"ect the expense
ot mining, either by shaft or tunnel, renders it extremely diflicult to make
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
167
correct estimates of the cost of mining any given quantity of ore, in either
the gold or silver mining districts. The breadth of crevice, character of
country rock and crevice material, depth of shaft or length of tunnel, dif-
ference in price of material and supplies, and rates of wages, the flow of
water in the mine, its proximity to good wagon roads, and numerous other
causes, increase or decrease the cost of mining. We give, however, some
valuable statistics bearing upon the subject, for which the public and our-
selves are indebted to Col. Randolph, of Central, who is in charge of valua-
ble mining claims, on the Burroughs and Kent county lodes. From the
Kent county, in August, 1870, Col. Randolph mined 301 tons of ore, from
a part of the lode where the ore vein was thirty inches in width, at an
expense of §4.82^ per ton. In September, of the same year, 200 tons from
the same lode, which cost $8,181 per ton. In October, of the same year, 301
tons from the same vein, at $4.62, and 273 tons at $4.47. In November,
from the same mine, 300 tons were taken at an expense of 83.81. These
: rates include every item of expense incurred in connection with mining the
quantity specified. The following exhibit will illustrate the matter more
fully:
DATE— 1870.
Name of Lodes.
August
September
October....
October....
November.
Kent County
Kent County
Kent County
Kent County
Kent County
No. of Tons.
301
200
301
273
300
1,375
Cost of Mining
per Ton.
8 18f
4 62
4 47
3 81
Stamp Mill Re-
turn per Ton.
511 27
7 80
13 49
15 14
13 49
From this statement it will be seen that the cost of mining 1,375 tons,
was $7,125.25, an average of $5,185 P^^ ton, and that the stamp mill returns
from this amount to $16,827.25, an average of $12.23| per ton. Add to
the expense of mining, the cost of hauling the ore to the mill and milling,
$5.25 per ton, which amounts to $7,218.75 for the 1,375 tons, and deduct
these sums from the amount received, and the balance in favor of the miner
will be $2,483.25 clear gain above all outlays of every description. In this
calculation, no allowance is made for the value of tailings. If the miner
realized eighty per cent, from his 1,375 tons of ore, instead of thirty per
cent., which is the highest average yielded by the stamp mill process, from
some species of reduction works, which would not increase the expense of
reducing the ore above that of the stamps, his profit on this amount of ore
would be $30,528.66, or about $22.20 on each ton, a very handsome profit
for five months' work, where only a small number of men were employed.
These figures give not only a fair idea of the general expense of mining and
milling in the gold regions of Gilpin county, but a glimpse at the enormous
loss annually resulting from the absence of reduction works suitable for the
treatment of sulphuret gold-bearing ores.
The expense of mining is largely decreased when operations are con-
ducted on a large scale. As an evidence of this we will again draw upon
statistical information, furnished by Col. Randolph. During the season of
168 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
1868, the Colonel mined 3,122 tons of mill ore, and seventy tons of first-
class smelting ore, with the following table of expenditures :
For "breaking" ore ^21,289 80
Supplies ; _f!^'^ ^\i
Wages of agent, foreman, blacksmith, hoisting, steam power, etc /l,oV)y 16
Total $44,784 93
The gross receipts from this were as follows :
Stamp mill return from 3,122 tons $53,777 15
Prof. Hill's reduction works, for seventy tons 6,076 00
$60,453 15
From careful estimates. Col. Randolph assures us that three times the
above amount of ore — fifty tons per day — could be mined with the following
additional expense:
Cost of "breaking," and for supplies, three times the above $70,157 40
Fifty per cent, additional on all other expenses, such as agents' wages,
hoisting, blacksmithing, etc 32,098 69
$102,256 09
This sum would be the total cost of mining 9,366 tons, with wages $4
per day. Deduct from this twenty-five per cent., the difference between
labor at $4, and the present price, ^3 per day, which makes the sum of
$25,564.00, and we have, as the total cost of mining, 9,366 tons, ^76,692.09.
As no deduction is made in this estimate for the decrease in the price of
mining supplies since 1868, the actual expense of mining this quantity of
ore, at the present time, will fall short of this estimate at least ten or twelve
per cent. From the best information we could gain from practical miners
in Gilpin county, we think it fair to place the real average cost of mining
gold ores at from $4 to S6 per ton.
The usual expense of mining a ton of silver-bearing ore is considerably
in advance of this sum, but the difi"erence in the value, per ton, of gold and
silver-bearing ores, counterbalances the extra cost of mining, and makes
silver mining equally as profitable as that of gold.
Safety lamps, as a means of lighting mines, are not in general use in
Colorado. Candles take their place, and answer the purpose fairly. As our
mines become more fully developed, and greater depths are obtained by
shafting or tunneling, of course the present primitive system will be aban-
doned, and improved safety lamps be introduced generally. Their greater
safety and less expense make them preferable in every way. The improved
Davy's safety lamp we believe to be best adapted to all classes of mines, and
no doubt its advantages are well understood by all practical miners.
The clothing worn by Colorado miners varies with the tastes and habits
of the wearer, but is usually manufactured from close, firm material, which
will not tear readily, and will keep out cold and moisture. Over the usual
garments, oil-cloth coats are frequently worn, and aprons, covering the parts
which come in contact with damp rocks, when the sitting posture is assumed.
The "killing outfit" of a Broadway swell would not be well adapted to prac-
tical mining purposes, nor would the creature himself be considered pecul-
.iarly valuable in a Colorado mine.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 169
In this glance at the operations of practical mining, we have endeavored
to notice briefly the leading features of this important industry, very imper-
fectly we know, still we hope we have given the general reader some idea
how the precious metal ores are taken from their rocky homes and made
conducive to the well-being of man.
GULCH AND PLACER MINING.
The only precious metal found in superficial deposits in Colorado, which
is mined to any extent, or requires attention here, is gold. This is discov-
ered in drift material and debris, which has been washed from mountain
summits and slopes to plateaus, ravines, gulches and valleys below, and in
the form of minute scale-like particles, grains and nuggets. Water, or
water and cold combined, forming ice, disintegrates the drift material and
metal from similar formations on the mountains, and carries them to the
place of deposit. The manner in which minute particles of gold attach
themselves to each other, while in motion, and form a mass of metal nearly
as dense as pure gold, often weighing several ounces, and occasionally more
than 100 pounds, is not well defined bv scientists who have made this a
matter of careful investigation, although many plausible theories have been
advanced and sustained by fair arguments. We will take no part in discuss-
ing the principles involved in the formation of nuggets, but will endeavor
to explain, briefly, the modus operandi of mining these from the placers and
gulches of Colorado. The existence of gold in a gulch or placer is proven
by washing a pan full of the drift material from either of these. If a
"color" is discovered, the existence of gold is established. The particles,
grains and nuggets are distributed throughout the entire surface material or
washings, but are seldom found in large or paying quantities, except at or
near the "bed-rock," which underlies the surface formation. Where gold
is found in paying quantities, in the bed of a stream, it is usually at or near the
junction of the stream with one of its tributaries where "bars" are formed
by the eddy created by the confluence of the waters. In all cases where
gold exists in superficial deposits, the particles are thoroughly imbedded in
the surrounding drift, and the process of separating the gold from the debris
is what constitutes practical gulch or placer mining. The vehicle of separa-
tion is water, and the manner of making this available varies with the for-
mation of the placers or gulches.
The first gulch miners, who were the first miners who operated in Colo-
rado, made use of various implements for the purpose of washing the debris
from the precious metal; among these, the "rocker" and "Long Tom" had
their appropriate place, but the necessity of bringing the material to be sep-
arated in contact with a large quantity of water, flowing rapidly, soon sug-
gested the idea of sluicing, which was followed by the construction of surface
and " bed rock " flumes, and the introduction of the hydraulic system. Abun-
dance of water, at trifling cost, is the great desideratum of gulch mining.
The surface flume is constructed of suitable lumber, and is usually from!
two to three feet in breadth, and from twelve to eighteen inches in height.'
The grade of this flume is from one-third to one-fourth of an inch to a foot,
and its bottom contains the requisite "rifiles." This flume extends along the
gulch whose sands are to be washed, and is filled with water, which flows con-
tinuously and rapidly. The debris to be treated is shoveled into this sluice,
which varies in length from a few yards to a mile. The force of the current
170 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
of -water carries sand, pebbles, and even boulders of considerable size, the
entire length of the flume. The particles of gold, having greater specific
gravity than any of the surrounding material, naturally fall to the bottom,
where mercury has been introduced. The debris, supposed to contain the
precious metal, is placed in this flume constantly for several days, when
" cleaning up " takes place. This is an important and exciting event. Nug-
gets, often weighing several ounces, and occasionally several pounds, have
been discovered in the bottom of flumes, and numbers of these may be in
this one, besides any amount of smaller nuggets, and pounds of amalgam, or
there may be comparatively nothing.
"Cleaning up" is accomplished by shutting off the supply of water, and
gathering, with a suitable scoop, and the hand, the accumulation of nuggets
and amalgam in the bottom of the flume. The nuggets are sought for very
earnestly, and when found are kept separate from the smaller grains and
amalgam. After the nuggets (if there be any,) are separated from the
material accumulated, the residue is placed in the ordinary "pan" and sub-
mitted to the skillful manipulations of a practical miner. This panning
process washes away, gradually, every thing except the particles of gold and
amalgam. When this "cleaning up" is accomplished, the result of the last
week's work is known.
In the early days in Colorado, when the gulches of Gilpin, Clear Creek,
Lake, Summit and Park counties were being extensively and successfully
worked, the average, per hand, was frequently as high as S25, and occasion-
ally reached the enormous sum of $50 per day. At the present time, how-
ever, the miners are well satisfied if they realize from $7 to $8, per hand,
daily.
Drift material, carrying gold, is always richest near the "bed rock."
When the surface deposit is considerable, the "pay dirt" on the "bed
rock" must either be hoisted to the surface and washed, or washed where
it is deposited, by means of the "bed rock flume." The construction of
this is attended with considerable expense, and mining enterprises of this
character require large capital; but, without doubt, when the location chosen
is favorable, and the deposits of "pay dirt" considerable, they are among the
most profitable mining ventures in Colorado. The " bed rock flume " is similar
to the surface flume, and the manner of using it the same. To place it in
position, shafts must be sunk to the rock, and drifts run from these through
the material to be washed, a sufficient distance to get the requisite length
of flume and necessary fall for the flow of water. These shafts and drifts
must be kept free from surplus water by suitable pumps, and candles, or other
means of affording light, must be provided. Among the advantages of " bed
rock flumes," which more than offset their extra cost, are the facts they can
be worked the year round, as water will not freeze solid any considerable
depth from the surface, and from their location on the "bed rock" only the
richest deposits need be handled by the miner, or washed by the waters of
the flume.
When a large supply of water is at hand, and the location otherwise
favorable, the "hydraulic" system of separating gold from surface deposits,
presents many superior advantages. This is, in fact, the only means by
which (/e6m, containing only a trifling amount of gold, can be washed with
profitable results. The apparatus for hydraulicing, consists of strong canvas
hose, trom four to six inches in diameter, to which is attached a stout brass
%
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 171
nozzle, from two to three inches in diameter. This hose must be attached
to suitable pipes, which convey water from sufiGicient elevations to insure its
forcible ejectment through the hose and nozzle. The nozzles are handled
by one or two men, and the stream of water directed against the ground to
be washed, and so manipulated that the washings are conducted to a proper
sluice or flume, in passing through which the particles are caught in "riffles"
or retained by mercury. We have no data or statistics from which to give
comparative statements of the expense of mining by these different systems,
but, in the latter, two men can remove and wash at least as much earth as
can be similarly treated by thirty men, with the ordinary flume, where all
the material has to be broken by the pick, and placed in contact with water
in the flume by means of the shovel exclusively.
At present, gulch and placer mining is not carried on to any great extent
in Colorado, but in the earlier days immense amounts of gold were gathered
in this way. The gulches and placers of the Territory are not exhausted,
however; in fact, they are inexhaustible, and in Park, Lake and Summit
counties, unbounded gulches and placers are yet unexplored, but the more
important interest, quartz mining, has absorbed the attention of miners and
capitalists almost exclusively. But, from present indications, a fresh impe-
tus will be given to this industry during the present season, and no doubt
the yield from the gulches, in 1871, will be much larger than it has been in
any year since 1861-2.
The only successful gulch mining operations conducted in the Territory,
in 1870, from which we have any data, were in Gilpin county, near Black
Hawk and Central; Clear Creek county, along the valley of the South Clear
creek, near Idaho Springs; in Summit county, near Breckinridge, and in
Park county, near Fair Play.
The following gulch mining operations came under our immediate obser-
vation in the fall of 1870, and were the source of considerable profit to all
interested :
The Pleasant Valley Mining Company, New York capitalists, who own
extensive claims in Russell gulch, and are now working on claims adja-
cent to Pleasant Valley, (one of the most beautiful miniature parks in the
mountains of Colorado). This company employ between fifty and sixty
men, and use the surface flume and hydraulic system. The agent of the
Pleasant Valley Mining Company is Alfred Owens, of Central, and the
superintendent, Walter O'Connor, who is one of the pioneers of the county,
and an experienced and efficient miner. Root & Queen, who are operating
in Gregory gulch, within the limits of the town of Black Hawk, have sunk a
shaft to the "bed rock," about thirty feet, and are running drifts along this
for considerable distances in every direction. By steam power, they hoist
the " pay dirt" to the surface, and sluice it in a surface flume. Owing to
the expense of keeping the mine free from water, and supplied with suffi-
cient ventilation, and the cost of hoisting material not extremely rich, the
profits have been small thus far; but, notwithstanding the fact that the
ground they are washing has been gulched previous to this, they have taken
out gold in sufficient quantities to warrant the construction of a "bed rock
flume," after which their expenses will be lessened, and the profits satisfactory.
Alexander Cameron owns claims one and one-fourth miles in length,
including all the valley of the North Clear creek for that distance,
commencing about two miles below Black Hawk. Mr Cameron has
172 KOCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
constructed one of the largest and best surface flumes in the Territory. It is
over one-half mile in length, and three feet in breadth ; the bottom formed of
Nicholson pavement, and the " rifl3es" the improved Hungarian. The grade
of this flume is three inches to twelve feet, which gives the water the requi-
site fall, and its appointments are complete in every way. Besides this val-
uable improvement, Mr. Cameron has a boarding house and blacksmith shop
located on this claim. Since the construction of this flume, the proprietor
has employed from twelve to fifty men, and has gathered sufficient gold to
make the average nearly ^12 per hand, daily. The character of gold taken
from this claim is what miners call "coarse gold," and many nuggets, pecul-
iarly pure and beautiful, have been found, which took a premium at the
annual meeting of the Territorial Agricultural Association, in 1870. Mr.
Cameron has a sufficient supply of water for operations the greater part of
the year, and expects large yields from his claim during the present season.
Queen & Co. This firm is composed of Wm. Queen, John Cochran, and
C. W. Ainsworth, all pioneers of the country, and thoroughly skilled in prac-
tical mining operations of all kinds, own and are working some good claims
in Russell gulch, about two miles from Central City. We were present at^
one of their "cleanings up" in September, 1870, and though the yield was
not large, the character of the gold was superior, and in that form which
receives from miners the name of "fine gold." They use the surface flume,
and receive their supply of water from the Consolidated Ditch Company.
A considerable portion of their claims are still unbroken, and their prospects'
for next season look favorable.
Richard White and David Henderson are each owners of gulch claims
in Russell gulch, a short distance from Queen & Co.'s property, and were
working these, successfully, during the season of 1870, and Peter Kruse and
Bernard Wieser also own and are working claims below the Pleasant Valley
property, in the same gulch.
David Rollins has put in a " bed rock flume" in Gregory {ulch, on North
Clear creek, within the limits of Black Hawk, near Prof Hill's reduction
works. He took out good pay during the summer of 1870, and continued
his operations, without interruption, during the winter months. The char-
acter of gold taken from this claim is "coarse gold." with occasional nuggets
of considerable size. We noticed one which weighed one and one-fourth
ounces.
We have no statements from which we can estimate the aggregate
amount of gold taken from the above named claims, or from the gulches
and placers of Colorado, for any given period, but they were large during
the earlier days of the Territory, and will again be considerable when our
superficial deposits are fully explored and developed.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 173
DESCRIPTION OF MIXES.
In the following brief description of many of the mines of Colorado, we
have adopted a tabular system of presenting the leading features of a lode,
to enable us, in our limited space, to notice the greatest possible number of
lodes, and to place before the general reader the most important information
concerning mining property, in the most condensed and available form. As
a glance at the following tables will exemplify, we have not confined our
descriptions to a few of the most important lodes in the country, whose great
wealth has given them a world-wide reputation, nor have we given our entire
space to "reports" on the property of this, that or the other great gold or
silver mining company of Colorado, but have given equal attention to all
lodes concerning which we could obtain correct data, irrespective of owner-
ship. We are aware that we have given the names of many lodes, whose
value is doubtful, but have, as much as possible, avoided all notice of "wild
cat" property, and in no instance have we knowingly misrepresented.
Although over four months' time was devoted to gathering information
concerning mining interests, of course we have not visited every mine
described, but have collected data from the most reliable sources available,
and the statistics which follow can be relied upon as mainly correct.
In the matter of assay value and mill returns, we believe the aggregate
of the figures in these columns of our chapter will show a higher average
than is strictly correct. Mine owners, in furnishing data concerning their
property, will naturally give the highest figures at hand, and suppress the
lowest; but we have corrected this natural error in tables which follow this
chapter, in which are given the average assay value of all ores treated by the
Territorial, and other careful assayers, and mill returns from the most relia-
ble mill-men and reducers in the Territory.
In the matter of ownership, or that column which names the present
owner, we have made no attempt to give an abstract of title, but simply to
make public the name of some one person connected with the mine, from
whom all further desired information concerning the property can be obtained.
We have given the discoverers of lodes, to do our part towards perpetuating
the names of the sturdy pioneers of Colorado, who have discovered and
developed the richest mining country in the world.
In describing the character of ores, we have used terms familiar to every
miner, and avoided technical phrases, which would not be understood by the
general reader.
In referring to improvements, we often give only those that are on some
one claim of a lode, not having any data from the balance.
We consider the chapter principally a directory or register of mines,
which will show to the outside world the actual existence, location and lead-
ing features of a great number of gold and silver mines, and prove, beyond
question, the fact that the mining districts of Colorado have more valuable
mines in the same space than any other country in the world.
174
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode
AMAZON.
ALGER.
A'DUDDELL.
ANDREW
FOSTER.
AUX.
ADELINE.
AMERICAN
FLAG.
AUSTRALIA.
BRITISH.
BADGER
STATE.
BARRETT.
BIG THOMP-
SON.
BUCKHORN.
BEDFORD CO.
BLACK IRON.
BALTIMORE.
BOSTON.
BUFORD.
BATES.
BRIGGS.
BOBTAIL,
No. 2.
BEHEMpTH.
BIG THING.
BUTLER.
BIG THUN-
DER.
BILLINGS.
COOPER.
COMPANY.
CYMRO.
COMSTOCK.
COLFAX, 2d.
CIRCASSIAN,
CONCORD.
Location.
Gilpin County. ^ .1
Nevada Dist.
Nevada.
PleasantValley
Dist.
Spring Gulch.
Gregory Dist.
Central Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Nevada.
Russell Dist.
Central Dist.
Lake Gulch.
Lake Gulch.
Elkhorn Gulch
Enterprise Dist
Gregory Diet.
Gregory.
Nevada Dist.
Nevada.
Gregory Dist.
Gregory.
Gregory.
Gregory.
Nevada Dist.
Nevada.
111. Central
Dist.
Central Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Nevada.
Nevada.
Russell Dist.
Russell.
Mountain
House Dist.
Central Dist.
18G6
1859
1869
1860
1860
1860
1859
1866
1866
1864
1859
1870
1864
1868
1863
1860
1863
1859
1859
1864
1865
1859
Name of
Discoverer.
D. McNeil.
William Alger.
C. Jones.
E. Dougherty.
W. Aux.
Ben. Hinds & Co,
Teese & Linn.
J. E. Dougherty
John Day.
Wesly Barrett.
Thompson.
Hickox & Co.
Bradley & Moss.
Teaman & Co.
Baltimore.
Elijah Buford.
Bates, Gregory &
Tascher.
Briggs Bros.
Q. W. Hunter.
E. A. Linn.
James D. Wood.
1864 Geo. Billings.
1860 M. Cooper.
1863 Linsley & Co.
James R. Jones.
1867 Chas. Fix .t Co.
1866
1866 Herrick & Co.
1861 Smith & Talbot.
Name of Owner.
M. K. Moore,
et al.
Jacob Tascher, P.
Spanner, et al.
Dr. A'Duddell.
T. Oshea, et al.
I. H. Boham.
S^ H. Valentine,
, 8, 9, west.
Cyrus Hurd, Jr.
500 feet.
Teese, 100 feet.
Chas. Fix, et al.
J. L. Schellenger
&. Co., et al.
J. M. Cochran,
et al.
J. F. Hall, et al.
Hickcox & Co.
Bradley & Moss.
Teaman & Burke
R. Glennan, et al.
S. H. Valentine,
et al.
S. H. Valentine,
et. al.
Bates Mining Co.,
etal.
Smith & Parme-
lee, et al.
S. H. Valentine,
et al.
Smith & Panne-
lee, 300 feet.
Conrad Teese,
et al.
James D. Wood,
et al.
WiUiard Teller.
John H. Schewssa
Waterman &
Jones.
D. M. Andrews,
et al.
James R. Jones.
Chas. Fix. et al.
J. C. Cleveland.
C. W. Havens.
C. Young & Mon.
Gold Mining Co.
IMPROVEMENTS.
1 shaft, 100 ft.: 9 shafts, from 20 to
40 ft.; drifting about 200 ft.
Shafting, 165 ft.
Shaft, 100 ft.
Shaft, 21 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Well developed.
Shaft, 287 ft.; pump shaft, 167 ft.;
4 shafts, 100 to 150 ft., each;
drfting con. shafts, shaft house,
steam hoist, appar. and pump,
6 in. cornish ; eng. 60 horse pow.
Shaft, 30 ft.
Shaft, 40 ft.
4 shafts, from 15 to 35 ft.
Shafts, 79, 25, and 32 ft.
Shaft, 50 ft.
Shaft, 30 ft.
Shaft, 65 ft.
Shaft, 50 ft.
Shaft, 55 ft.
Well developed.
Well opened.
Several shafts, 125 to 280 ft. ; tun-
nel in lode, 250 ft. ; shaft house,
hoist, appar., and stamp mill,
steam power.
Several shafts ; the deepest, 450 ft.
Levels, 1,000 ft.
Shaft, 70 ft.
Shaft., 500 ft. ; drift., 250 ft. ; shaft
houses and hoisting apparatus.
Well developed.
Shafting, 200 ft.; drifting, 30 ft.
Shaft, 80 ft.; level, 50 ft. I
Shaft, 150 ft. ; 5 drifts, from 40 to |
100 ft. I
Shaft, 110 ft.; considerable drifting.
Shaft, 25 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Drifting, 60 ft.; Shafts, 25, 40, 120.
and 230 ft.
Shafts, 140 and SO ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
175
GILPIN COUNTY.
Character of Ores.
Cop., iron pyr and galena ;
gold and silver bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing, with silver.
Argentiferous galena.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Auriferous quartz.
Cop. and iron pyr., zinc
blende and galena ; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold.
Auriferous quartz.
Oxide of lead; silver
bearing.
Auriferous quartz.
Cop., iron and lead sulph.;
gold and silver bearing.
Cop., iron and lead sulph.;
gold and silver bearing.
Auriferous quartz and iron
pyr. ; gold bearing.
Aur. quartz, cop. and iron
sulph. ; gold bearing.
Cop. and iron sulph.; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr., and
zinc blende ; gold bear-
ing, with silver.
Aur. quartz, cop. and iron
pyr. ; gold bearing.
Cop. and iron ; gold bear-
ing.
Gray copper; gold.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Aur. quartz ; arg't galena.
Cop. pyr.,- galena and zinc
blende ; gold and silver.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; zinc
blende ; gold and silver.
Cop. and iron pyr. gold
bearing.
Aur. quartz, sulph. silver
and galena.
Auriferous quartz, iron
and copper pyr.
Assay.
Per Ton.
Mill
Return.
S73 silver
S13 gold.
$151.
20 to 143
ozs.
$50 to
$75 T.
5 ozs. C.
$1480.
$200 T.
7 to 12 ozs.,
gold, 10 to
15, silver.
$20 to $400
8}^ ozs.
$60.
30 to 800
ozs.
$155 T.
590 C.
6 ozs. C.
$60 to
$100 0.
17 ozs. C.
$500 to
S600 C.
8154 C.
$36 T.
3 ozs. C.
3137 C.
$110 C.
$20 to
$30 T.
$25 T.
$300 0.
4iozs.O.
$125 C.
6 ozs. C.
$125 T.
15 ozs. C.
Ore from bottom — deep shaft, yields from 2 to
4 ozs. gold per cord, stamp mill.
Visited this lode, which is a true, strong fissure
vein ; the shaft well timbered ; a good wagon
road to lode.
Stamp mill.
Promises well.
Was sold in 1867 for $30,000. No statistics.
Average stamp mill return. A Chicago patent
rotary stamp mill is being tested on this lode,
and if a success will be used to treat the ores.
Promises well.
Stamp mill.
Stamp mill ; first class ore.
Discovered while plowing. Working.
Stamp mill.
1,000 feet.
Stamp mill ; 1,200 feet.
Fine gold specimens taken from lode ; amongst
the first discovered in lodes in the mountains.
Keith's process, on select ore, returned $5S7 per
cord.
Stamp mill $115 first class ; smelting.
Stamp mill. The yield from tliis lode has been
very large.
Stamp mill ; select ore.
Stamp mill ; working.
O. S. patent for 1600 ft., March 14, 1870.
Stamp mill.
50 per cent. lead. One of the most promising
lodes in the district.
20 per cent, silver. Producing large amount of
first class ore, and very promising.
Promises well.
Surface, oxide of lead with silver.
176
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode.
CHARTER.
CLIFF.
CREIGHTON,
CARR.
CHANNING.
CRAWFORD
CO.
CONNELLY k
liEVERLY.
CALEDONIA.
COLUMBIA.
CORYDON.
DUNDER-
BURG.
DEFIANCE.
DELAWARE.
DALLAS.
DUBUQUE.
DUPONT.
DE CORDOVA
EAGLE
SILVER.
EAST BOS-
TON.
ETTA.
EDGAR.
FEDERAL.
FERNANDO.
Location.
Gilpin County.
Russell Dist,
Russell.
Central Dist.
Gregory Dist.
Eureka Dist.
Russell Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Hawkeye Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Nevada.
Russell Dist.
Russell.
Russell.
Enterprise Dist
Russell Dist.
Nevada Dist.
111. Cent. Dist.
Enterprise Dist
Central Dist.
Eureka Dist.
111. Cent. Dist.
Russell Dist.
FISK.
FOLGER.
FOLGER,
No. 2.
FOOT & SIM-
MONS.
FIELDS.
FAIRFIELD.
FLACK.
GALENA.
Vermillion
Dist.
Gregory Dist.
Eureka Dist.
Eureka.
Gregory Dist.
Russell Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Enterprise Dist
1865
1864
1863
1864
1863
1861
1859
1860
Name of
Discoverer.
1864
1860
1860
1860
1869
1868
1869
Hickcox & Co.
Pearson &
Fellows.
A. Van Camp.
Carr.
S. H. Valentine.
J. F.'Applebury.
Connelly &
Beverly.
D. Clough and
others.
David Henderson
Livingston Bros.
A. A. Smith and
Germain Bros.
W. Ryan.
Hindman &
Sherick,
J. L. Sliellenger.
F. A. Rudolph,
et al.
Name of Owner,
1864 1 Valentine &
j Deven.
1863 Rich'd McNiel.
186:
1866
1864
1864
1861
1860
1867
Isaac Wicher.
G Waldschmidt
&Co.
Bowman 4 Court-
ney.
Valentine &
Archibald.
A. J. Flack.
Sturdevant.
Hickcox & Co.
Pearson &
Fellows.
Van Camp &
Tuttle, et al.
S. H. Valentine,
9 and 10, east.
S. H. Valentine,
et al.
Rob't Teats, et al
Connelly, et al.
Caledonia Min'g
Co., et al.
H. M. Teller.
Andrew Gross,
David Henderson
Helms, Paul &
Co., et al.
Charles Demond
L. G. Douglass,
Henry Grannis.
A. A. Smith, Ger-
main Bros., and
Bates Ming Co.
J. Mahaney,
100 ft.
Hindman &
Shcriclc.
A. W. Philips.
F. A. Rudolph,
etal.
S. B. Hahn.
Valentine <S: De-
ven, et al., 500 ft.
Bitzenhofer, et al.
G. W. Currier,
et al.
G. Waldschmidt
&Co.
S. F. Nuckols,
one claim ;
Manhattan Co. &
Blackhawk Co.,
250 ft.
3. II. Valentine,
et al.
Valentine 4
Archibald.
Blackhawk Co.,
150 ft.
Lake 4 Field,
800 ft.
Fairfield M. Co.,
Van Deren, ch'g
Waterman, Alney
& White.
F. A. Rudolph,
G. Tippett, et al.
IMPROVEMENTS.
Shaft, 65 ft.
Shaft, 30 ft.
Shaft, 90 ft. ; drifting, 60 ft.
Partially developed.
Shaft, 47 ft.
Shaft, 60 ft.; several other shafts
from 20 to 30 ft.
On Caledonia property, shafts 267,
140, and 90 ft.; a large amount
of surface opening.
Well developed.
Shaft, 280 ft.; drifting considerable.
Shaft, 50 ft.; shaft, 53 ft.
Fully developed.
Shafts, 475, 130, 56, and 103 ft. ; 2
shafts, 25 ft. each ; hoist, appar.,
with steam power, on lode.
Shaft, 50 and 40 ft.; drifting con-
necting these shafts. Additional
50 ft.; shaft, 26 ft.
Shaft, 25 ft.
2 shafts, 45 ft. each.
Shaft, 50 ft.; drift, 60 ft.
Shaft, 80 ft.
Shafting, about 460 ft.; consider-
able drifting and surface opening.
Shaft, 16 ft.
3 shafts, from 20 to 30 ft.
Main shaft, 75 ft., well timbered,
with ladder ways and shaft house;
other shafts, from 25 to 50 ft.
Shaft, 41 ft.
Shaft, 150 ft.; several deep ahafbs,
and considerable drifting.
Partially opened.
Partially opened.
Shafts, from 60 to 270 ft.
Shafts, 70 and 40 ft.; drifting,
100 ft.
Shaft, 544 ft.; other deTelopments.
Shaft, 64 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
177
GILPIN COV^^TY— Continued.
s
Character of Ore.
Assay,
Mill
REMARKS.
1
Per Ton.
Return.
Ft.
In.
i
1-2
A\iriferous quartz, copper
iron and sulph.; gold.
S1.54 C.
Stamp mill.
•1
16
Auriferous quanz.
Easy accea3.
3
12
Auriferous quartz and iron
pyr.; gold.
3to8oz3.
C.
$450 C.
Stamp mill ; first class ore.
^'A
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
bearing.
$50 C.
Stamp mill.
3
Cop. and iron pyr and ga-
lena ; gold bearing.
$60 T.
Average value.
^Vi
Iron pyr., with small per
$300 to
Stamp mill. One claim of 100 feet on this lode
cent, of copper ; gold
$525 C.
has produced $56,000 in gold. The principal
bearing.
lode in Hawkeye District not working. Sam.
Cushman, agent. Central City.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
$1.50 to
Stamp mill. U. S. patent issued May 5, 1869 ;
bearing.
$225 C.
1(X»0 ft. *
Cop and iron pyr. ; gold
$125 to 1 Stamp mill. U. S. patent issued Dec. 4, 1809;
bearing.
$256 C. 1 9<X) ft.
€
26
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
SSI .50.
David Henderson's 1700 feet of gulch claims in
bearing.
Russell Gulch, and 800 ft. in Illinois Gulch;
working with pay.
2
10
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
S65.
i
Zinc -blende and galena,
J75 to
The assay from select ore. Stamp mill and
bearing gold and silver.
$2500.
smelting works, with first class buildings, oa
the lode.
Wi
12
Galena, cop and iron pyr.;
gold and silver bearing.
.50 oz. sily'r
J/o oz. gold
^ mile from Black Hawk mill.
4
Decomposed aur. quartz.
«
Aur. quartz, copper, iron,
and galena.
$68 C.
Average value of contents of crevice. Stamp
mill. On road from Central to Nevada.
4
18
Copper and iron pyr. and
galena.
$50.
$22 T.
Stamp mill. On Quartz Hill. Promises well.
-1
14
Zinc-blende, galena, bear-
71 0Z3.
Assay by Prof. Burlingame.
ing gold and silver.
-5
Aur. quartz, cop. and iron
pyr.; gold bearing.
5 to 8 ozs.
C.
Stamp milL
5
Auriferous quartz.
2)4
18
Quartz, with copper and
$100 C.
Stamp mill. Crosses Consolidated Ditch on
iron pyr.
Quartz Hill.
<}4
24
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
Avr. crev.,
$250 C.
Lode claim, 1600 ft. Mill site, 250 ft. square.
and silver bearing.
2 ozs. gold
16oz8. sil.
The mill return from surface quartz. Largest
assay, from select specimen, $1600.
10
Galena ; gold and silver
bearing.
The company have houses, blacksmith shop,
and other mining property. Not fully de-
veloped.
12 to
Cop. and iron sulph.; gold
Select ore, taken to Swansea, Eng., by Prof.
18
bearing.
Hill, assayed fll.WXJ per cord.
5
18
Cop. and iron sulph.; gold
3 to 9 ozs.
Stamp mill run ; $30 to $70 per ton, first class.
bearing.
C.
Geo. E. Randal, agent.
■5
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
$120.
$60 C.
Assay by Prof. Burlingame.
o
Cop. and iron ; gold bear-
j No statistics.
3
24
ing.
Copper and iron pyr. and
quartz ; gold bearing.
$50.
$15 to , Stamp mill. The ore from this lode is 15 per
$20 T. cent, copper, per assay.
1
4
30
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
and silver bearing.
1
$200 to ' Fairfield Company, Boston capitalista.
^100 T. 1
3
24
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
and silver bearing.
$232.
$150 C.
First class ; 10 per cent, copper.
3
2
Argentiferous gal., with
native silver and sulph.
1100 ozs.
$300 to
$60 T.
Claim, 1400 ft.
12
178
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Location.
%t
Nanie of
Name of Lode.
£i
Name of Owner.
IMPROTEMENTS.
Gilpin County.
c3 i-'
Discoverer.
GETTYS-
Bates Hill.
18G2
Ed. Young.
Wm. Y'oung.
Shaft, 70 ft.; considerable drifting.
BURG
GOLDEN
Lake Gulch.
1864
Thomas Gill.
J. G. Collier,
Shaft, 12 ft.
EAGLE.
Hal.
GETTYS-
Enterprise Dist
1866
Sam. Farver,
Opened in different places.
BURG.
etal.
GASTON.
Gregory Dist.
1859
James Gaston.
Wiley & Arrihi Shaft, 60 ft.; drift, 60 ft.
Bros.
R. Glennan & Co. Shaft, 100 ft.
GLENNAN.
Enterjirise Dist
1861
R. Glennan.
GUNNELL,
Eureka Dist.
1 864 llohn Scarf.
S. H. Valentine, Not fully developed.
No. 2.
etal.
GUNNELL.
Eureka.
GunnellQ.M.Co.
468 ft.
M. B. Hays, agt.
Shafts, 525, 300 and 200 ft.; 17 shafts
from 4<» to 150 ft. Over 3,000 ft.
of level and drifts ; shaft house ;
steam power, 40 horse, and 6 in.
Cornish pump.
GALENA.
Near Gilpin
1866
Meshler and
Johnson, Tibbits, ] Shaft, 65 ft.
•
Lode.
Studyvan.
Rudolph, et al.
GREGORY.
Gregory Dist.
1859
Gregory.
Black Hawk
Gold Mining Co.
et al., (500 ft.)
Shafts. 576 and 531 ft.; drifting to
depth of 550 ft.; total extent, over
10,000 ft. Total shaft, over 3,000
ft. Steam eng., Cornish pump,
hoist, appar. shaft house, etc.
GREGORY
Gregory.
Smith & Parme-
Shafts, several from 100 to 450 ft.;
EXT.
lee.550ft. B. H.
G. M. Co., 250 ft.
large amount drifting. Fully
developed.
GREENSBOR-
Russell Dist.
186.5
T. H. Pittinger.
Pippin Bros. &
Shaft, 40 ft.
OUGH.
Pittinger.
GLADIATOR.
Nevada Dist.
1866
Teets.
Teets, 100 ft.
Shaft, 20 ft.
GRANITE.
Central Dist.
1868
E. A. Hill.
E. A. Hill, et al.
Shaft, 40 ft.
GOLD DIRT.
Independent
1860
Hope Co. & Eagle
Extensive improvements on the
Dist.
Co.
prop, of Hope Co.; amongst these,
shafts between 500 and 6U0 ft. in
depth; drained by Cornish pump
and steam power. Also, con-
siderable improvements on the
prop, of the Eagle Co. In all,
nearly 2.000 ft. shaft., and over
4,000 ft. drifting.
GRANITE.
Gregory Dist.
H. M. Teller,
etal.
Fully developed.
GIBSON.
111. Central
Dist.
H. M. Teller,
et al.
Shaft, 60 ft.
GOLDEN
CHARIOT.
Nevada Dist.
A. Budder.
Bolthoff &
Wokott. '
Not fully developed.
HAMPTON.
Russell Dist.
1862
Wm. Queen.
Thos. McGuire &
Shaft, 20 ft.
HILL HOUSE.
Russell.
1859
Payne & Co.
Wm. Queen.
P. M. Martin,
Shafts, 100, 27, and 30 ft.
HOPE.
Termillion
1869
G Waldschmidt
et al.
G Waldschmidt
Shaft, 50 ft.
Dist.
ACo.
&Co.
HOPE.
Gregory Dist.
1860
John Teaman.
Teaman & Burke
Shafts, 115 and 100 ft.; drifting,
HUNTER &
WALKER.
Eureka Dist.
1860
Hunter & Co.
S. H. Yalentine,
et al.
200 ft.
Not fully developed.
INGLES.
111. Cen. Dist.
1859
Webster & Co.
Plumb, King,
Over 200 ft. shafting.
IRON RAM.
Hlinois Dist.
1865
James Snow.
etal.
James Snow,
Shaft, 6.5 ft.
INDIANA.
Nevada Dist.
1859
Thomas Bros.
etal.
Shaft, 160 ft.; level, 100 ft.
JUSTICE.
Lake Gulch.
1859
Justice.
Shafts, 240 and 40 ft.
JUNCTION.
Russell Dist.
1865
Geo. Hickcox.
Geo. Hickcox.
Shaft, 30 ft.
JENNINGS.
Nevada Dist.
1859
Thos. Jennings.
Jennings & Co.
Shafting, 125 ft.; drifting, 265 It.
KENO.
Eureka Dist.
1867
Boulthofr.
Wightman &
Wilcox.
Shaft. 25 ft.; drift., 50 ft.; shaft, 20
ft.; drift., 50 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
179
GILPIN COV'^TY— Continued.
Character of Ores.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; goIJ
bearing.
Copper and iron pyr.
Auriferous quartz, iron
and copper pyr.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron ; gold bear-
ing.
Cop. and iron sulph. ; gold
bearing.
Galena, zinc-blende and
Bulph. of silver.
Copper and iron pyr. and
quartz ; gold and silver
bearing.
Aur. quartz, cop. and iron
pyr. ; gold and silver
bearing.
Cop., iron pyr. and quartz :
gold bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Quartz, copper and iron
pyr.; gold bearing.
Decomposed crevice, ma-
terial iron and copper;
gold bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron ; gold bear-
ing.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Quartz, copper and iron
pyr.; gold bearing.
Gold and silver bearing ;
quartz.
Cop and iron sulph.; gold
bearing. •
Aur. quartz, cop. and iron
pyr.; gold bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr., zinc-
blende and galena ; gold.
Auriferous quartz.
Aur. qr'tz, cop. and iron ;
gold bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
bearing.
Auriferous quartz, copper
and iron.
i2 gold ;
16 silver.
$50 to S450
S30.
S120.
$47.
$160.
$200 C.
8200.
$25 to $60
Mill
Return.
6i ozs. C
$800 C.
$100 C.
5 ozs. C.
3 to 10
ozs. C.
3 to 10
ozs. C.
$40 to
OC.
$14 to
$125 T.
150 to
$3--'0 C.
8100 c.
$80 to
$200 C.
3 to 9
ozs. C.
3 to 4
ozs. C.
Sozs.C.
REMARKS.
Stamp mill return.
Easy of access.
600 feet from wagon road.
500 feet.
Stamp mill, 1,000 feet.
No statistics.
Average stamp mill return. Officers Gunnell
Co.: J. P. G. Foster, pres.; John Rolston, sec.
and treas. New York capital.
Prof. Hill's reduction works.
Stamp mill. Has yielded nearly $2,000,000.
The first gold lode discovered in Colorado,
and one of the richest.
Stamp mill. First class ore, $260 per ton.
Eastern extension of Gregory lode.
Near the Consolidated Ditch, north side Russell
Gulch.
Prospects, well.
Stamp mill. On road between Nevada and
Central.
A large mill, Keith's process, owned by Hope
Co. 50 stamp mill owned by Eagle Co., on
North Boulder, '2]4 miles from mine. Steam
and water power.
Stamp mill. U. S. patent issued to H. M. Teller.
Stamp Mill. U. S. patent to H. M. Teller, et ah,
for 300 feet.
Stamp mill.
Shaft well timbered.
U. S. patent applied for.
No statistics.
Discovered under the Consolidated Ditch.
Easy of access.
Stamp mill.
Crevice, at points, 15 feet.
1,400 feet lode.
Stamp mill. Assay from select ore.
Stamp mill. ■ '
180
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of I^iie,
KENT
COUNTY.
KINGSTON.
KANSAS.
KKNTUCKY.
LADY
FRANKLIN
LUCKY.
LOG CABIN.
LA CRES-
CENT.
LEAVEN-
WORTH.
LYMON.
Mcdonald.
MILLER.
MANN.
McG LOTH-
LIN.
MONITOR.
MOUNTAIN
CITY.
MAMMOTH.
MACK.
MORO.
MORRELL.
MATHILDA.
MoKEE.
MOUNTAIN
ROSE.
MOSOURI.
MAT FRANCE
NOVA
SCOTIA.
NOTAWAY.
NORTH
AMERICA.
NIMROD.
NEW YEAR.
NEBRASKA.
Location.
Gilpin County
Russell Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Eureka Dist.
Gregory Dist.
Gregory.
Russell Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Eureka Dist.
Gregory Dist.
Vermillion
Dist.
Vermillion.
Nevada Dist.
Gregory Dist.
Gregory.
Gregory.
Nevada Dist.
Russell Dist.
Lake Gulch.
Nevada Dist.
Central Dist.
Nevada Dist.
111. Cen. Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Lake Gulch.
PleasantValley
Dist.
111. Cen. Dist.
Central Dist.
Gregory Dist.
■2 o
^5
I860
1860
1859
1862
1869
1869
1865
1859
1861
1862
1867
1865
Name of
Discoverer.
Name of Owner.
Jas. Madison.
Jones & Hardesty
Tripp & Bennet.
S. H. Valentine.
1860
1864
1869
1867
1864
P. McDonald.
A. Miller.
W. J. Mann.
F. Hock.
Etna 6. M. Co.,
No. 4 east. Kin^
ney & Steinle.
McCarroI, Whit,
lock & Briggs.
Hardesty Bros.,
Discov. No. 1,
east. A.S.Ben
net, et al., No. 4.
Hardesty Bros.
IMPROVEMENTS.
A large amount of shaft, and drift.
The shaft now worked, 215 ft.
Shafts, 110 and 262 ft.
Shafts, 30 and 40 ft.
2 shafts, 50 ft., each, with surface
openings, on 6, 7 and 9 ; shaft.,
250 ft.; drift, to depth of 30 ft.,
entire e.xtent of claim. Shaft on
No. 4, 106 ft.; drift., 15 to 50 ft.
Shafts, 70 and 40 feet; others,
amounting, in all, to 200 feet ;
drifting, 40 feet.
Considerable shafting and drifting.
Tripp k Bennet.
S. H. Valentine,
etal.
S. H. Valentine,
et al.
Smith & Parme-
lee,200ft. Lake
& Fields, .500 ft.
Smith & Parme-
lee, 50 ft.
Fairfield Co., 300 j
feet. Empire
State Co., 75 ft.
Andrew Gross,
e.t al.
Chas. Walker,
etal.
J. L. Shellenger, ]-2 shafts, 45yt., each; 30, 25 and 20
et al. ft.
W. J. Mann & 2 shafts, 70 and 56 ft. : shaft house.
I B. F. Pease.
F. McGlothlin & !•'• McGlothlin & Shaft, 15 ft. I
Co. Co. I :
E. Rouke & Co. E- Rouke & Co., iShafts, 80, &5 and 40 ft. '
I et al. I I
6 shafts, in all, 350 feet ; 200 feet |
drifting. <
Shaft, 274 ft.; whim-house. ;
Not developed.
Shafting, 80 ft.
Several shafts developing the lode
fully.
Shaft, 100 ft.
Hock, Miller,
Case & Kushter,
S. F. Nuckolls, 2
claims. E. L.
Salsbury, et al.
W. Mack. I Teaman & Co.
R. Glennan.
Miller. |J- Daren, G. Da
ren, H. Agen.
Morrell & Hays. |J>^- B. Hays.
Stevens & Smith, i Stevens & Smith
John Mears
S. Ewing.
Wm. Fitzgerald
Chas. Messenger.
Hopkins &
Jackson.
John Leonard &
Bro.
Dick Irwin.
Conrad Tease,
et al.
Worn & Ewing.
Hardesty Bros.,
120 ft.
H. M. Teller,
etal.
Fitzgerald, et al.
J. Schellenger,
& Co., et al.
Jackson, Hop-
kins & Banta.
Leonard & Dr.
A'Duddell.
S. H. Valentine,;
etal.
Smith & Parme-
lee, 100 ft.
Shaft, 200 ft.; over 1,000 ft. drifting.
Shafting, 100 ft.; drifting, 50 ft.
Shaft, 100 ft.; drifting, 200 ft.
Shaft, 30 ft.
Shaft, 30 ft.
2 shafts, 15 ft. each.
Shaft, 100 feet; drifting, 75 feet;
depth, 75 feet.
Well developed.
Shaft, 30 ft.
Shaft, on 10 west, 45 ft.
Shaft, 20 ft.
6 shafts, from 50 to 90 ft.
Not fully developed.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
181
GILPIN COV:^TY— Continued.
Character of Ore.
Assay,
Per Ton.
Mill
Return.
REMARKS.
Auriferous quartz, copper
and iron pyr.; gold bear-
ing, with zinc-blende.
Auriferous quartz, copper I $492.
and iron pyrites; gold
bearing, with z i n c -
blende and galena.
Aur. quart/, cop. and iron
pyr.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron p}"r. ; gold
bearing.
Auriferous quartz.
6 to 10 [Mill run. S95 first class; Prof. Hill's reduction
ozs. C. works. This mine is now producing 25 cords
weekly. Col. G. E. Randolph, agent.
No statistics.
flOO to
9]/^ ozs.
C.
$100 C.
$208'C.
$50 to
$100.
8100.
f55.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr., carb.ofj$13 to S172
iron ; gold bearing.
Quart, iron and cop., with
gold.
Aur. quartz, copper and
iron pyrites.
Aur. quartz, cop. and iron ;
gold bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr. and ga-
lena ; gold bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Pyrites of iron ; gold
bearing.
Cop., iron pyr. and galena ;
gold bearing.
Auriferous quartz.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Quartz, cop. and iron pyr.;
gold bearing.
Aur. quartz, cop. and iron
pyrites.
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
bearing.
Auriferous quartz.
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold.
Argentiferous galena.
Aur. quartz, copper, iron
and lead sulph.; gold.
$100 to
?200.
$125 C.
1 3 to 6 ozs.
I C.
4 to 8 ozs.
1 C.
lS60 to
$168 C.
12 to 14
ozs. C.
11 ozs. C.
$80 to
$90 C.
$100 C.
10 ozs. C.
5 ozs. C.
33^' ozs.
3 ozs. C.
3 to 10
ozs. C.
$100 C.
$50 C.
$56.
$40 to
$2,000 C.
Stamp mill. On Quartz Hill, near Nevada.
Stamp mill.
7 tons, 10 cords ; surface ore ; stamp mill.
No statistics.
No statistics.
No statistics.
Stamp mill. A. J. Van Deren, in charge.
Stamp mill. tJ. S. patent, Dec. 22, 18(;9, for 700
feet.
Stamp mill.
Stamp mill.
Stamp mill.
F. McGlothlin owns 20.000 feet mining property,
in Vermillion District, undeveloped.
Near mill, and good wagon road on lode ; north
of California, 300 feet.
Gort. title; 1100 feet.
First 70 feet in shaft [yielded $15,000 profit.
C. Nuckolls, agent.
Stamp mill.
Prof. Hill pays $32 per ton.
Stamp mill. From mineral surface ore, $200 to
$500 per cord. Extension of Topeka, west.
Stamp mill.
Stamp mill.
In Centi-al City.
Stamp mill ; average. On Quartz Hill.
30 per cent, copper. U. S. patent for 1600 feet,
May 21, 1870.
Claim, 1400 ft.
Hill pays $500 per cord of 8 tons. A superior
lode ; supposed by some to be the French lode.
See French.
No statistics.
182
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode.
NEMEHA.
NOS. 2 A 3.
OCEAN
WAVE.
OMAHA.
OUPGHENT.
PEWABIC. --
PKOGRESS-
IVE.
PLEASANT
VIEW.
PACIFIC.
PRAIRIE
FLOWER.
PLYMOUTH.
PARENT.
PEWABIC.
PYRYNES.
POST HOLE.
PERIGO.
PECK AND
THOMAS.
PUZZLE.
ROCKY
MOUNT.
RESCUE.
RAVEN'S
CLAW.
RUBY.
ROTHSCHILD
RODERICK
DHU.
RISING SUN.
RHODE
ISLAND.
RISK.
SUTTON.
STAR OF THE
WEST.
SURPRISE.
STAR OP
EMPIRE.
Location.
Gilpin County.
Gregory.
Gregory.
Central Dist.
Gregory Dist.
Gregory.
Russell Dist.
Russell.
Central Dist.
Russell Dist.
Gregory Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Gregory Dist.
Gregory.
Russell Dist.
111. Cen. Dist.
Independent
Dist.
Gregory Dist.
Gregory.
Nevada Dist.
Vermillion
Dist.
Vermillion.
Mountain
House Dist.
Central Dist.
HI. Central and
Nevada Dist.
Nevada.
Nevada.
111. Cen. Dist.
Russell Dist.
Lake Dist.
Vermillion
Dist.
Eureka Dist.
Name of
Discoverer.
1862
1866
186.5
1868
1860
1864
1860
1862
1861
1862
1860
1870
1860
1863
1867
1868
1864
1859
1866
1870
1860
1864
1870
1868
1862
Williams &
Pippin.
Brown & Watsou.
H. N. Shannon.
Helmors, Paul .
Co.
Kendall.
C. S. Fassett.
Slaughter.
Dr. Mann.
Wm. Pierce.
Sid. Parent.
Kenneth McLeod
John Jones.
Perigo.
Wm. Ingraham.
Wm. Fitzgerald.
W. J. Mann, M.D.
F. McGlothlin.
H. Herrick.
Scheidemental &
Budde.
Stevens & Hall.
J. McCaskiU.
Bradley & Cree.
R. Kirkpatrick.
Rudolph &
Shober.
Mullin & Demert.
D. Jenkins.
L. Bamett.
Name of Owner.
IMPROVEMENTS.
Smith & Parme-
lee,100ft. Lake
& Field, 600 ft.
Pippin & Co.
Brown, Lucky &
Watson, el al.
.■^mith & Parme-
lee, 250 ft. Lake
& Field, 2.W ft.
Dickerson &
Barber.
Fox Diefferdorf,
et al.
Hines, Carter &
Co. Helmers,
Paul & Co.
W. W. Wight-
man, et al.
P. Black, et al.
Wright &
Slaughter.
S. H. Valentine,
etal.
S. H. Valentine,
ct al.
S. H. Valentine,
et al.
Pewabic Gold
Mining Co.
I. C. Beard, et al.
Hardesty Bros.
Eastern Cos.
H. M. Teller.
.K Van Camp.
Fitzgerald, et al.
Pease & Mann.
F. McGlothlin &
W. B. Rockwell,
et al.
M. K.Moore,
et al.
Rothschild Min'g
Co.
Central Gold
Mining Co.. N.Y.
McCaskiU, et al.
Bradley & Cree.
Garrett, Thatcher
& Royle.
Sutton Bros. &
Shober.
Mullin Bros. <fe
Demert.
D. Jenkins & Co.
W.W.Wightmanl
& H.Granis, eiai.]
Shaft, 25 feet.
Shaft, 70 ft.
Shaft, 65 ft.
Shaft, 100 ft.
Shaft, 160 ft.
Shaft, 50 ft.
Shaft, 27 ft.
Well developed.
Well developed.
Partially developed.
Shafts, 150, 60, and 75 ft.; drifting,
mo ft.; fhaft house and steam
lioisting apparatua ; engine, 50
horse-power.
Shafts, 60, 80, and 90 ft.
ShafU, 70 and 30 ft.; drift., 30 ft.
Considerably developed.
Shaft, 12.5 ft.
Shaft, 45 ft.; level, 65 ft.
Shaft, 30 ft.
Shaft, 35 ft.
Shaft, 44 ft.
Shaft, 54 ft.
Shaft, 43 ft.
Shaft, 300 ft. ; 3 levels, from 30 to
300 ft.
Shaft, 360 ft.; drift., 70, 80, and 90
feet.
Shaft, 210 ft.; level, 187 ft.
Surface opening, 50 feet deep for
700 feet ; several shafts, 25 to 100
feet deep.
Shafting, 129 ft.
Shafts, 30 and 18 feet.
Shaft, 70 ft.
Shaft, on discovery, 90 ft. Shafts
on other parts of lode.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
183
GILPIN CO\J]<iTY— Continued.
Ft. In.
2K
3
4
6
3
4
3}4
6
8
4
3
7
3
4
Character of Ore.
Assay,
Per Ton.
Aur. quartz, copper and
iron pyr.
Aur. quartz, cop. andiron
pyr.; gold.
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron pjT.; gold
and silver bearing.
Cop, and iron ; gold.
Cop. and iron ; gold bear-
ing.
Cop. and iron ; gold bear-
ing.
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
bearing.
Aur. quartz, with copper
and iron pyr.
Cop. and iron pyr., zinc-
blende and galena; gold
and silver bearing.
Aur. quartz, copper and
iron pyr.
Cop. and iron ; gold bear-
ing.
Auriferous quartz.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Quartz, copper and iron;
gold bearing.
Qalena and sulph.; silver.
Galena ; silv«r bearing.
Copper and iron; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr., arsen-
iteof cop.; gold bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
bearing.
Gal., zinc-blende, and iron
pyr. ; gold and silver.
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
bearing.
Copper and iron sulph.;
gold bearing.
Gold bearing.
Iron and cop. ; gold bear-
ing.
Cop. and iron ; gold bear-
ing.
$100.
$300.
Mill
Return.
REMARKS.
Located near Bobtail lode. Prospects, well.
800 feat owned by Brown, liucky & 'Watson.
5 ozs. C. Stamp mill.
$100 to
$200 C.
$163 C.
$450 C.
$200 C.
16 to 18
ozs. C.
SIOOC.
390 to
$1:35 C.
$150.
$172. $110.
$30 to $110
264 ozs.
$20 to $80.
$131.
$48 to $75.
200 ozs.
T.
3 to 10
ozs. C.
1 ozs. C.
7 ozs.
5 ozs. C.
870 gold
C.
13i ozs.
C.
6 ozs. C.
Stamp mill.
1,400 feet promises well.
Stamp mill.
10, 11 and 12, west, owned by S. H. Valentine.
No statistics.
First-class ore. S. H. Valentine owns 9 and 10
west.
The gold of the finest quality.
Stami) mill.
Stamp mill. 300 feet from Hardesty's mills.
Was considered good in early days, but aban-
doned now.
Stamp mill. U. S. patent issued May 5, 1869.
Stamp mill.
Claim, 1,400 feet.
Highest; stamp mill.
Amalgamation.
Ore on each wall. 1,.500 feet lode.
Stamp mill. $50 per ton for smelting ore.
Stamp mill. Good paying property.
Stamp mill.
Stamp mill ; has run from 4 to 15 to the cord.
This mine is now being worked vrith success.
Stamp mill.
Claim, 1,400 ft. (Promising well.)
Stamp mill ; splect ore.
Stamp mill.
184
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode.
SAFE.
SILVER
CLOUD.
SEEK ME
FURTHER.
STUB-TAIL.
SMITH.
SUN-BURST.
SNOW.
STEWART.
SYMOND'S
FORKS.
SULLIVAN.
SALOPIAN.
TOPEKA.
TEARNAY.
TUCKER.
tJ. P. R.
VANDER-
BILT.
VIRGINIA,
WHITBY.
WHITING.
WOOD.
WASHOE.
WATER
MILL.
YANKEE.
Location.
Gilpin County
Gregory Dist,
Enterprise Dist
Enterprise.
Nevada Dist.
Enterprisepist
Enterprise.
Russell Dist.
Hawkeye Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Nevada.
Nevada.
Central Dist.
Gregory Dist.
Eureka Dist.
Gregory Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Russell Dist.
Central Dist.
Eureka Dist.
Eureka.
Russell Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Eureka Dist.
1864
1865
1860
1859
1869
1859
1860
1860
1860
1859
1861
1859
1859
1864
1859
1859
1860
1861
1861
Name of
Discoverer.
Isaac Holmes.
Teamay &, Co.
R. Glennan.
Da\'id L. Hardy.
A. A. Smith.
Kelly & Good.
James Snow.
A. F. Stewart.
J. K. Jones.
Joseph Hurst.
John Tearuay.
John Nichols.
Dunnagan, et al.
J. Oxley.
J. E. Dougherty.
Whiting & Co.
Robert Wood.
Briggs&Zewhner
Hardesty Bros.
Name of Owner
M. Washington,
etal.
Tearnay & Co.
R. Glennan, et al.
D. L. Hardy, ct al.
Bates Mining Co.,
400 ft. ; McCar-
roU k Rough, 1
and 2, east ; Ora-
hood & Wright,
et al., 100 ft.
Kelly k Good.
J. Snow, tt al.
G. H. Peters &
W. C. Bartlett,
G. R. Sabin, tt al.
T. Garrison, et al.
J. K. Jones.
J. Hurst et al.
Tearnay & Co.
A. Tucker, et al.
Thatcher &
Standlei-
H. M.Teller, e<ai.
W. Barrett, Ed.
Hunchal, et al.
Dougherty, Fix,
et al.
J. C. McShane,
et al.
J. C. McSbane,
etal.
McCarroll. Whit-
lock k Briggs.
Hardesty Bros.
IMPROVEMENTS.
Shaft, 47 ft.
Shafts, 60 and 45 ft.
Shaft, 65 ft.
Considerable shafting and drifting.
Shaft, 100 and ,30 ft. ; 30 ft. surfaca
opening. Shaft, 1.50 ft.: opened
full length of claim ; 100 feet ia
depth.
Shaft, 20 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Principal shaft, 90 ft.; considerable
surface opening.
Shaft, 500 ft.; other improvements
fully developing the mine.
Shafts, 130 and 70 ft. ; 40 ft. drift-
ing.
Shaft, 40 ft.
Shafts, 70 and 45 ft.; drift., 50 ft.
Shafting, 140 ft.; drifting, 200 ft.
Shafting and surface opening to
depth of 60 ft.
Shafting, 1,450 ft. ; drifting, 860 ft.
Shaft house, steam engine and
hoisting api)aratus.
Well developed.
5 shafts, from 10 to 100 ft.
Shaft, 65 ft.
Shaft, CO ft.; shaft house.
Shaft, 30 ft.; drifting surface, 25 ft.
S. H. Valentine, | Shaft on discovery, 30 ft.
et al. I
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
1S5
GILPIN COVl^TY— Continued,
i
>
Character of Ores.
Assay,
Mill
REMARKS.
2
g
o
Per Ton.
Return.
Ft.
In.
i
Cop. and iron pyr. gold
bearing.
$90 C,
Stamp mill process.
7
10
Lead, cop. and iron sulph.;
silver bearing.
440ZS.T.
U. S. patent for 1,600 feet.
i
Aurifer. quartz and iron
sulf/h.; gold bearing.
S120.
4 ozs. C.
i
Cop. and iron ; gold bear-
ing.
$50.
5to6i
ozs. C.
Stamp mill.
4
24
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
4 to 8
Stamp mill, 1870. Fine gold specimens taken
bearing.
ozs. C.
from this lode.
3
Aurif. and argt. quartz.
3 ozs. C.
gold.
Stamp mill.
4
Auriferous quartz.
Prospects, well.
3
Aurifer. quartz with iron
10 ozs. C.
Surface quartz ; stamp mill.
pyr.
Cop., iron pyr, and galena ;
$500 C.
Stamp mill. U. S. title secured. Has been
gold and silver bearing.
worked since ISGO, and has j'ielded largely.
4
30
Cop, and iron pyr. ; gold
bear, with zinc-blende.
5 ozs. C.
Stamp mill.
4
48
Zinc-blende, snip, of cop
iron and lead ; gold, sil.
860.
4
24
Cop. and iron sulph. ; gold
bearing.
Cop. and iron sulph.; gold
$75 C.
Stamp mill.
2H
134 T.
Sells to Hill, ?34 per ton. U. S. patent.
bearing.
3
18
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Decomposed crevice material to depth of CO ft.
Paid dividend above expenses by sluicing.
The lode has been l^nown as the Eureka for
several years; and a large stamp mill has
been erected by parties claiming the property
on the lode.
12
Anr. quartz, cop. and iron
SlOO to
Stole
1,100 cords have been taken from this lode since
pyr.; gold bearing.
$600.
ozs. C.
1868. Total from the mine, fl50,llOU.
Cop. and iron ; gold bear-
S135to
Stamp mill. TJ. S. patent for 800 feet, Oct. 27,
ing.
S2O0 C.
1S70.
3
18
Auriferous quartz.
5 to 13
ozs. C.
.Stamp mill. No. 2, 3, and half of 4, west, owned
by M. Cochran.
3
5
Auriferous quartz.
$100 C.
Stamp mill process.
3
18
Quartz, cop. and iron pyr.;
gold and silver bearing.
$60.
9iozs.C.
Keith Co. paid $100 per cord.
3
18
Auriferous quartz, copper
and iron.
$200 C. Stamp mill. Discovered while working Gulch
claim. 120 feet from Hardesty mill.
3
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
No statistics.
bearing.
186
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode.
Location.
(D >
w o
Name of
Name of Owner.
IMPROVEMENTS.
Clear Creek Co.
Discoverer.
ALHAMBRA.
Republican Mt.
Griffith Dist.
1865
De Le Mar & Co.
De Le Mar & Co.
3 shafts, 10, 20 and 110 ft.
AMAZON.
Democrat Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1868
W. P. Simm.
Old & Lampshire.
Tunnels on lode, 50 and 160 ft.
ALHAMBRA.
Leavenworth
Mt., Eiist Ar-
gentine.
1865
Thomas & Nelson
H. M. Thomas,
etal.
Shaft, 35 ft.
ALLIGATOR.
Jackson Dist.
1864
H. M. Thomas.
Kelso & Noxon,
etal.
C. A. Dimick.
Shaft, 10 ft.
ATON.
Griffith Mt.,
1868
C. A. Dimick.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Griffith Dist.
ACCIDENT.
Brown Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1867
W. Richards.
C. W. Bramel &
Co.
Shaft, 212 ft.
ANDT JOHN-
Leavenworth
1866
G. Packard.
C. W. Bramel &
Shaft, 10 ft.; adit on lode, 105 ft.;
SON.
Mt., Griffith
Dist.
Co.
cross-cut, 85 ft., striking lode 68
ft. from surface.
AWANDA.
Leavenworth
1865
Peirson & Fel-
Peirson & Fel-
Shaft, 60 ft.
Mt., Griffith
lows.
lows.
Dist.
ARIZONIA.
Leavenworth
1867
Hutchinson &
Hutchinson &
Open surface, 30 ft. in length and
Mt., Griffith
Hiltibiddle.
Hiltibiddle.
18 ft. deep; opening at other
Dist.
points deepening lode.
AMADOR.
Sherman Mt.,
1868
Packard, Scott &
Packard, Scott <t
Shaft, 20 ft. Tunnel on lode, 100
Griffith Dist.
Moor.
Moor.
feet.
AZUMA.
Kelso Mt.,
Arg. Dist.
1870
Prof. Bowman.
Eggleston, et al.
ARMSTRONG.
Leavenworth
1869
E. Clemans & W.
E. Clemans & W.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Mt., Griffith
Dist.
McClellan Mt.,
H. Armstrong.
U. Armstrong.
ALPS.
1865
Bell Bros.
Harrington,
Shafting, 10 ft.
Ai'gentine
Emanuel, et al
Dist.
ALLAN.
Idaho Dist.
1860
P. E. Sharruai
P. E. Sharruad.
Shafting, 37 ft.
ATCHISON
Spanish Bar.
1863
A. Medley.
Bangs, Russell &
Shaft, 30 ft.
CITY.
Medley.
ANDERSON.
Iowa Dist.
1861
H. Anderson.
J. H. La Franz.
Shaft, 20 ft.
ARGUS.
Kelso Mt.,
Argentine D't
1865
Hough & Kelso.
West Argentine
Mining Co.
Shaft, 10 ft.
ATLANTIC.
Silver Mt.,
1863
R. Jones.
Peck Gold
Mining Co.
Shaft, 225 ft.; drifting, 70 ft.
ARKANSAS.
Silver Mt.,
1864
Jones, Russell &
Jones, Russell &
Considerable shafting.
Union Dist.
Huff.
Huff.
ALMY.
1862
Mehaney.
Shaft, 80 ft.
ALBER-
Empire Dist.
1863
S. Robeson.
Montana Pros-
Shaft, 15 ft.
QURKE.
ANOKA CO.
Idaho Dist.
1860
Malcom McKen-
zie.
pecting Co.
Thatch & Kinked
Shaft, 40 ft. ; surface opening, 100
feet.
BLAZING
STAR.
Lincoln Dist.
1860
J. M. Holland.
J. M. Holland,
et al.
Tunnel on lode, 170 ft. : shafting,
14(J ft.
BAKER.
Kelso Mt.,
Argentine D't
1866
John Baker.
Baker Silver
Mining Co.
BEN ADAMS.
1865
J. T. Harris.
J. T. Harris.
Shaft, 20 ft.
BURLING-
TON.
BROWN
THRUSH.
Idaho Dist.
Idaho.
1860
1861
T. T. Variing.
T. T. Variing,
et al.
C. W. Bursdall.
G. Hickcox,
et al.
Hickcox & Co.
Shaft, 40 ft.
Shaft, 40 ft.
BRITTON.
Democrat Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1868
Bursdall, et al.
Shaft, 18ft.
BUNKER
HILL.
Cohimbia Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1867
Darrah & Parker.
Darrah & Parker.
Shaft. 30 ft. ; several surface opea-
BISMARCK.
McClellan Mt.,
West Slope.
McClellan Mt.,
West Slope.
1869
A. Walters.
Walters, Bechtel
ings.
Shaft, 10 ft.
BETHLEHEM
1870
6. A. Walters.
& Isaacs.
Walters &
Bechtel.
Shaft, 10 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
187
CLEAR CREEK COUNTY.
*>
£
>
£
o
Character of Ore.
Assay,
Per Ton.
'^'" REMARKS.
Return.
1
Ft.
ln7
4
S
10
10
3 to
5
Argt. galena, with sulph.
of silver.
Argt. galena, with sulph.
of silver.
Galena, ■with sulphurets of
silver.
$900.
6o0Z3.
300 to
1T80 0Z3.
Select specimens.
1,500 feet from Stewarts' works.
Easy of access.
4
4M
24
6
4 to
10
4 to
36
Galena, sulph. silver, cop.
and iron pyr.
Argentiferous galena.
Argentiferous galena.
$80 to
$160 T.
81 ozs. T.
No assay.
J^y of access.
8
Argentiferous galena and
zinc-blende.
$58 T.
Easy of access.
7
36
Argt. galena, quartz and
zinc-blende.
50 to 130
ozs.
1
Easy of access.
5
10 to
14
Argrt. quartz, argt. galena
with zinc-blende.
$.500.
Select ore. Easy of access, by good pack trail ;
1,000 ft. from wagon road.
30
Sulph. silver, argt. galena
and quartz.
$150 T.
$28,S43 assay of select specimens. This lode is
3,000 ft. above Georgetown.
3
Argt. quartz with galena.
Easy of access by tram-way.
6
Argt. quartz with galena.
Surface quartz.
^16..50.
1,500 ft. from base of mountain, and promising
well. A tram-way can be easily constructed.
Good wagon road.
3
2
Auriferous quartz.
5200.
Easy of access.
3
7
3>^
3i
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
bearing.
Cop., iron pyr. and galena ;
gold bearing.
Argentiferous galena.
$226.
Prospects fairly.
Select ore.
8
60
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
530 to $50.
Easy of access, with railroad leading from milL
4
3
Decomposed crevice ma-
terial.
Argt. and aur. quartz.
Easy of access.
4to6
2J|to
3
12to
18
8 to
20
5
3 to
10
Decomposed quartz with
mineral streak.
Argt. and aur.quartz, min-
eral vein, cop. and iron
pyr., small quantities of
galena and zinc-blende.
Argentiferous galena,
zinc-blende and black
sulph.
Argentiferous galena.
563 to 886.
$60 to
81000.
300 ozs.
to 350
ozs.
30 ozs.
4
5
3
10
20
2 to
4
Argentiferous galena with
sulphurets.
Argentiferous galena with
sulphurets.
-Argentiferous galena.
S174.
$75 to $100
$20 to $40.
The assay from entire contents of crevice.
3
4
3
8
5
2
Argt. galena with sulph.
silver.
Argt. galena and zinc-
blende.
Zinc blende and argent,
galena, decomposed.
300 to
1000 ozs.
50 to 1100
ozs.
150 ozs.
Examined a silver button weighing llj^ ozs.,
reduced from 100 pounds of ore.
Claim, 3,000 ft.
188
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode.
BEECHER
EXT.
BUNKER
HILL.
BASON.
BRITTANIA.
BELLEVUE.
BRAZOS.
BENTON.
BALD EAGLE
BIG UTE.
BUFFALO.
BENTON.
CONGRESS.
CORRECT.
CHOCTAW.
CLEAR
CREEK.
CAPITALIST.
CHARTER
OAK.
CHAMPION.
COYOTE.
COPE.
CRYSTAL.
CROCKET.
CHIEF.
CECIL.
CORNUCOPIA
CHEMUNG.
CR(ESUS.
CYNOSURE.
COLUMBUS.
CONEY.
Location.
Clear Creek Co
Democrat Mt.
Columbia Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Brown Mt.
Saxon Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Idaho Dist., J^
mile west of
Seaton.
Cascade Dis
Brown Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Cascade Dist.
Lincoln Dist.
Silver Mt.,
Union Dist.
Democrat Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Saxon Mt.,
Griffitli Dist.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Republican Mt.
Griffith Dist.
Griffith Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Trail Run Dist
Trail Run.
Virginia Dist.
Idaho Dist.
Idaho.
Cascade Dist.
Cascade.
Idaho Dist.
Cascade Dist.
Id.iho Dist.
Cascade Dist.
Idaho Dist.
McClellan Mt.,
W. Argentine
Dist.
1868
1867
1865
1869
1869
1862
1862
1866
1867
1867
1868
1866
1864
1867
1860
1861
1867
1861
1862
1869
1870
1870
1869
1863
1864
1867
Name of
Discoverer.
Cooper & Fisher.
P. Parker.
W. H. Gray.
Nash & Bro.
Steinle, Wagoner
& Kline.
W. R. Griffiths &
J. P. Jones.
G. A. Mills.
Griswold.
C. C. Bangs.
J. G. Mahaney.
Stephens, Free-
man & Taylor.
H. C. Parker.
Robert Shaw.
A. M. Graves,
et al.
C. Hiltibiddle.
Hanbrist & Hack
C P. Baldwin
& J. Huff.
Dr. E. F. Holland
et al.
T. Cooper.
W. H. Latshaw.
Wm. Bell, et al.
Wm. Hobbs, et al.
Gaskill & Co.
P. Richards, etal.
John Needham.
R. B. Griswold.
H. M. Thomas.
R.C.Gray.
B. P. Haman.
J. M.Smith, eiort.
Name of Owner.
Adams, Phillet,
etal.
P. Parker.
Gray & Co.
Nash & Bro.
Steinle, Wagoner
& Kline, et al.
W. R. Griffiths &
J. P. Jones.
G. A. Mills, et al.
Griswold, et al.
C. C. Bangs, et al.
Taylor & Free-
man, et al.
H. C. Parker,
etal.
.\lleghany Silver
Mining Co., and
others.
Nash & Bro.
G. L. Sites &
A. M. Graves.
W. N. Hutchin-
son & C. Hilti-
biddle.
Steinle, et al.
C. P. Baldwin &
J. Huff.
Champion Gold
and Silver Min-
ing Co.
Hale & Co., et al.
W. H. Latshaw,
et al.
Fulton Silver
Mining Co.
D. Faivere, et al.
Gaskill & Co.
P. Richards, et al.
Needham &
Black.
R. B. Griswold &
Patten.
Dr. Noxon.
R. C. Gray & Co.
B. P. Haman.
J.M.Smith,etai.
IMPROVEMENTS.
Shaft, 28 ft.
Shaft, 30 ft.
Cnt by tunnel, 138 feet long, at
depth of 100 feet.
Shaft, 35 ft.
Shafting, 500 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Shaft, 45 ft.
Shaft, 60 ft.
Shaft, 22 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 35 ft.
Shafts, 80 and 20 ft.
Shafting, 00 feet ; adit 50 feet cross-
cut, striking lode at depth of 63
and 80 feet.
Shaft, 90 ft.
Shaft, 18 ft.
Surface opening, 20 feet in length,
and 15 feet deep. Other surface
openings. Shaft, 16 feet.
Shaft, 60 ft.
Shaft, 23 ft.
Shafting, 100 ft. ; tunnel on lode,
14 feet.
Shafting, 60 ft.; drifting, 80 ft.
Shafts, 40 ft.; drift., 55 ft.
Tunnel on lode, 175 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 80 ft.
I
Snaft 20 ft.
Shaft, 25 ft.
Shaft, 30 ft.
Shaft, 30 ft.
Shaft, 60 ft. ; tunnel on lode, 40 ft
Shaft, 20 ft.
Shafting, 38 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
189
CLEAR CREEK COVt^TY— Continued.
>
r'
Character of Orea.
Assay,
Mill
REMARKS.
6
£
o
Per Ton.
Return.
Ft.
InT
7
48
Argent, galena quartz.
$70.
3
12
Vein stripped for 440 ft.
6
15
Zinc-blende and argent.
galena.
440 oza.
5
Not fully developed, but promises well.
3 to 4
12
Aur. and argent, and de-
composed argt. quartz.
6 to 8
ozs. C.
Stamp mill ; gold from surface quartz.
3^
24
Easy of access.
5
7
Argentiferous galena.
3
12
Galena, gray copper and
sulphurets of silver.
400 to 500
ozs.
$175 T.
Paid by Prof. IIUl.
i'A
4
Galena, withsulphureta of
silver.
$210.
Select specimen. Easy of access.
2
Decomposed quartz ; gold
and silver bearing.
3
18
Cop. and iron pjr. ; gold
bearing.
noo.
Easy of access.
4 to 5
10
Argt. galena, zinc-blende,
cop. and iron pyr.
$40 T.
40 per cent, lead ; 600 feet from base of moun-
tain.
4
4 to
Argt. quartz, galena and
160 ozs.
Is of easy access, and being rapidly developed.
30
sulphureta of silver.
T.
12
Crevice not well defined.
2}^
Quartz with argentiferous
galena through entire
crevice.
Not fully developed. Easy of access.
4
15
Galena, copper and iron
pyrites.
51 ozs.
T.
Easy of access, by tunnel or tram-way.
3
8
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
and silver bearing.
S70.
% silver, % gold.
3to4
6
Argt. quartz, with galena
and zinc-blende.
Is 1,000 ft. from Magnet, and promises well.
2
8 to
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
$60.
$200 to
From select specimens, aasay 8150 ; three mile
18
bearing.
S300T.
from mill.
0
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
$1180.
$300 to
$700 T.
Select ore.
5
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
6ioza.T.
Stamp mill.
5
15
Galena, copper and iron
sulph., zinc-blende, ar-
senites of cop. and iron.
$160 T.
4
10
Galena, copper and iron ;
300 oza.
Select specimens.
silver bearing.
Cop. and iron pyr., galena;
$40 T.
Crevice not fully denned.
silver bearing.
23^
12
Galena and sulphureta of
silver.
$300 to
$500.
4
Ito
Copper and iron pyrites,
50 to 100
4
galena and zinc-blende ;
silver bearing.
ozs.
5
10
Galena, copper and iron
sulphureta.
$60.
Easy of access, and near good water-power.
5
15
4
Galena, cop. and iron pyr,
with sulphurets ; gold
and silver bearing.
Copper and iron pyrites,
galena and sulphurets;
silver bearing.
$87.
Easy of access, and 15 ft. from Virginia CaSon
wagon road.
3
14
Argt. quartz ; silver bear-
ing.
$60.
7
Sulphurets of silver, with
8227.
$65 to
Select specimens as high as $5,000. J^ mile
quartz.
8100 T.
from Baker mill.
190
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode.
CHAMPION.
COMBINA-
TION.
COOK.
CONQUEROR.
COMET.
CAMBRIDGE.
CONGRESS.
CARIBOU.
DICTATOR.
DRESDEN.
DEFIANCE.
DEXTER.
DIVES.
DANIEL
WEBSTER.
EDINGBORO'.
EMPEROR.
EDGAR.
EUREKA.
ESSEX.
ETERHART.
EMMA.
EDWINA.
ELIJA HISE.
EDGAR.
EMERALD.
EMPIRE.
FLOATING
PALACE.
FREEMAN.
FARMER.
FREELAND.
FORTUNA-
TUS.
F. ,7. MAR-
SHALL.
Location.
Clear Creek Co.
McClellan Mt.,
W. Argentine
Dist.
Argentine
Dist.
Spanish Bar
Dist.
Silver Mt.,
Upper Dist.
Griffith Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Covode Mt.,
Union Dist.
Montana Dist.
Idaho Dist.
Democrat Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
McClellan Mt..
West Slope.
Idaho Dist.
Cascade Dist.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Griffith Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Republican Mt
Griffith Dist.
Republican Mt,
Griffith Dist.
Spanish Bar.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
McClellan Mt.,
West Slope.
Saxton Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Idaho Dist.
Griffith Dist.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Spanish Bar
Dist.
Idaho Dist.
Silver Mt.,
Union Dist.
Jackson Dist.
Idaho Dist.
Red Mt., Daily
Dist.
Brown Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Trail Creek
Dist.
Argentine Dist
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1870
1860
1867
1866
1867
1870
1865
1869
1863
1868
1869
1865
1866
1867
1869
1869
1867
1865
1866
1860
1864
1866
1869
1869
1865
1865
Name of
Discoverer.
J. M. Smith, eiaZ.
Prof. Bowman.
J. S. Cook.
Disbrow &
Haskings.
L. B. Taft & E.
Birdsall.
L. H. Sheppard.
A. H. Whitehead.
A. H. Huyett.
Churchill, Perry,
et al.
L. H. Merill
G. A. Patten.
Ray k Clark.
T. Burr.
Pearson k
Fellovi-s.
Ira 0. Mann.
Webster k Ames.
A. C. Smith.
L. Merrill.
Cowles Bros.
B. P. Harman.
J. T. Harris.
Conrad Tease.
D. C. Daily k Co.
H. M. Thomas.
C. Freeman.
Michel & Light.
B.F.Wadsworth,
J. M. Smith, et
al.
Freeland,
Kelso & Hough.
J. T. Harris.
Name of Owner.
IMPROVEMENTS.
J. M. Smith, et al. Shaft,' 75 ft,
Eggleston Bros.,
et al.
Einkred, et al.
Disbrow k
Haskings.
ChicagoCometM.
Co. P. A. Taft,
C. B. Baldwin k
0. 0. Smith.
L. H. Sheppard.
A. H. Whitehead,
et al.
A. H. Huyett.
B. F. Darrah, M.
P.Parker, et al.
Walters, Bechtl
k Isaacs.
G. A. Patten.
Dr. Noxon, et al.
Burr, liarsha,
et al.
Pearson k
Fellows.
Mann, Bell &
Symonds.
Light, et al.
Clark, Crocker k
Palmer, et al.
A.C. Smith.
Walters, Bechtl
k Isaacs.
Cowles Bros.
B. P. Harman.
C. J. GosB.
J. T. Harris.
Conrad Tease.
D. C. Daily k Co.
H. M. Thomas,
et al.
Freeman, Shep-
pard, et al.
Michel k Light.
Hussey & Co.
B. F. Wadsworth,
J. M. Smith, et
al.
Colvin Gold and
Silver Mining
Co.
West Argentine
Mining Co.
J. T. Harris.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 50 ft.; tunnel on lode, 170 ft.
Shafting, 182 feet; drifting, 44 feet,
at depth of 60 feet on lode.
Tunnel on lode, 60 feet. Other
drifting, 100 feet.
Shaft, 20 ft. ; tunnel on lode, 25 ft.
Shaft, 20 ft.
Shaft, 13 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 16 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 20 ft.
Shaft, 83 ft.
Shaft, 16 ft.
Shafting, 27 ft.
Shaft, 55 ft.; drift, 35 ft.
Shaft, 40 ft. on No. 3, east ; other
improvements.
Shaft, 34 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 50 ft.
Shaft, 40 ft.
Shaft, 45 ft.
Shaft, 100 ft.
Shaft, 50 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 60 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 40 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
.1
Opened on surface, 2,000 ft., to 60 ;
to 280 ft. in depth.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
191
CLEAR CREEK COVl^TY— Continued.
Character of Ore.
Assay,
Per Ton.
Decomposed crevice ma- $60.
teriaJ. I
Argt. galena, -with sulph.
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
Argt. galena, zinc-blende,
cop. and iron pyrites ;
silver bearing.
Decomposed aur. quartz.
Argentiferous quartz.
6 to; Sulph urets of silver.
« i
■Argentiferous galena and
I zinc-blende.
2 to I Argentiferous galena and
S zinc-blende.
10 Cop., iron, zinc-blende and
galena; silver bearing.
Cop. and iron, with galena
and sulphurets.
2 to Argentiferous galena and
20 zinc-blende.
20 Argt. quartz, with galena.
Argentiferous galena, with
sulphurets.
Argentiferous galena with
carbonate of copper.
Argt. galena, zinc-blende
and silver-glance.
Argentiferous galena,with
sulphurets.
Argt. quartz, galena and
zinc-blende.
$10 to
$1700.
52 ozs.
300 ozs.
230 ozs.
05 ozs.
$40 to
1200.
182 ozs.
175 to
$400.
$2,197.
50 ozs.
1033 ozs.
Cop. and iron pyr.; silverjSTT.
bearing.
Argentiferous galena, with $400.
sulphurets.
Argentiferou3galena,w1th
sulphurets.
Argentiferous galena.
Argt. and aur. quartz.
Specular iron and copper
pyr. ; gold bearing.
Quartz, galena and sulph.
of silver.
Zinc-blende; silver bear-
ing, with small quantity
of chloride of silver.
Argt. quartz, with iron.
Argentiferous quartz, ga-
lena in streaks through
crevice.
Argentiferous quartz, iron
and copper pyr. ; gold
and silver bearing.
Argt. quartz, « ith carbon-
ate of copper.
Argentiferous galena.
136 ozs.
870.
330 G.
$20 S.
73 to 12
ozs.
Mill
Return.
140 T.
102 ozs.
T.
$133.70
T.
$500 T.
$150 to
$200 T.
$45. T.
$250.
Select specimens as high as $1,500. 200 feet
south of Coney.
Not fully developed. Easy of access by tram-
way.
Prospects well in gold.
200 feet from Min.ietta lode.
Promises well ; easy of access.
Claim, 3,000 feet.
Easy of access ; }4 mile from wagon road ;
water near for milling purposes.
Easy of access.
Easy of access.
Easy of access.
Easy of access.
1st class ore, $636.31 mill return. Near Watson
wagon road ; 2}/2 miles from Georgetown.
2d class ore, $300. 700 ft. from the valley.
Promises well.
CreTice not developed.
Easy of access.
Easy of access.
Prospects well.
At first was supposed to be silver bearing—
hence the name of the mountain.
No assay.
Average assay.
Easy of access.
Promises well, but not fully developed.
Average.
Near Argus .ode ; 100 ft. from base of mountain.
Crevice not well defined.
192
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode.
FRANKLIN.
FREIGHT'RS'
i'RIKND.
GRENADA.
GRAND
TRUNK.
GENERAL
TAYLOR.
GREAT
WESTERN.
GILPIN.
Location.
Clear Creek Co.
Idaho Dist.
Idaho.
Republican Mt.
Griffith Dist.
McClellan Mt.,
Queen's Dist.
Chicago Creek,
Jackson Dist.
Leavenworth
Mt., Griffith
Dist.
Leavenworth
Mt., Griffith
Dist.
1866
1865
1867
1860
186'
1865
GEN. SCOTT.
GLEN-
ALPINE.
G. W. PEA-
BODY.
GRIZZLY
BEAR.
GENERAL
TAYLOR.
GRAfeFF.
OENERAL
M'CLELLAN
OENERAL
MEADE.
GEN. ROSE-
CRANS.
GOLCONDA.
GOLD DIRT.
GUTHRIE.
GEORGE D.
PRENTICE.
GRANT.
GOLCONDA
H.M.THOMAS
HUMBOLDT.
HUGAG.
HOPE.
HUKILL.
HORSE SHOE
HARD UP.
Name of
Discoverer.
Capt. Hall.
Capt. Hall.
De La Mar & Co.
Campbell &
Haggart.
Mat. Coddington.
Bluner & McMil-
len.
Eli Courtney.
Name of Owner.
Franklin Silver
Mining Co., etaJ
IMPROVEMENTS.
Shafting, 495 ft.; drifting, 60 ft.
Shaft, 20 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
De Lo Mar & Co.
France, Campbell Drifting on lode, 85 ft., and 75 ft.
& Haggart. from surface.
Coddington & Shaft, 80 ft.
Campbell, e.t nl.
Bluner & McMil-| Shaft, 10 ft.
len.
Democrat Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Republican Mt
Griffith Dist.
Alpine Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Carroll Dist.
Jackson Dist.
Carroll Dist.
Silver City Dist
Silver Mt.,
Union Dist.
Empire Dist.
Silver Mt.,
Miners" Dist.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Empire Dist.
Empire.
Leavenworth
Mt., East Ar-
gentine.
E. Argentine.
Republican Mt
Griffith Dist.
Cascade Dist.
Spanish Bar.
Spanish Bar.
Upper Fall
River Dist.
1867
1869
1861
1860
1870
1861
1863
1862
1865
1865
Cooper k Fisher.
David Lees.
W. 11. Armstrong
John Baker.
J. N. Goff.
M. B. Graeff.
G. E. Congdon &
Hill
A.Guibor k Sons
Churchill, Cronk
& House.
Wilcox.
John Anderson.
J. T. Harris.
J. T. Harris.
C. M. Shipman,
et al.y west half;
Dr. Jos. McCord,
east half.
Shafts, 125 ft.; shaft, 20 ft.; cross-
cut tunnel on lode, 19 ft.; drift
following south wall, 126 ft.;
tunnel on lode, from principal
shaft to discovery, 170 ft.; cross-
cut connecting drift and tunnel,
30 ft.
1863 S. Robeson.
1863
1865
1860
1870
1861
S. Robeson.
H. M. Thomas.
H. M. Thomas.
De Le Mar A
Coulter.
T. H. Todd & Co.
J. F. Hukill.
Dr. Ray k Co.
G. E. Congdon k
Hill.
Adams, Rogers,
et al.
Alleghany and
California Silver
Mining Cos.
Armstrong k
Smith.
P. P. Shatter,
etal.
P. E. Sharruand,
etal.
M. B. Graeff.
G. E. Congdon k
Hill.
A.Guibor k Sons
Rosecrans k Co.
Martin, Law,
et al.
Peck Gold
Mining Co.
Harris k Brown.
J. T. Harris.
Montana Pros-
pecting Co.
Mont^tna Pros-
pecting Co.
H. M. Thomas,
et al.
H. M. Thomas,
etal.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 40 ft.
De La Mar k
Coulter.
Gaskill k Co.
M. B. Graeff k
Co.
Ray k Davis.
G. E. Congdon k
Co.
Tunnel on lode, 15 ft.
Shafting, 92 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Shafting, 120 ft.
Shaft, 70 ft.
Shafting, 160 ft.; drifting, 30 ft.
Shafting, 350 ft.; drifting, 200 ft.
Tunnel on lode, 100 ft. ; shafling,
70 ft.
Shaft, 34 ft.
Shaft, 18 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 25 ft.
Shaft, 35 ft.
Shaft, 19 ft.
Shaft, 20 ft.
Shaft, 90 ft. ; surfiice opening, 800
feet.
Shaft, 16 ft.
Shaft, 127 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
193
CLEAR CREEK COV^TY— Continued.
^u
"5
Assi^v,
Mill
">
^
Character of Ore.
REMARKS.
o
Per Ton.
Return.
~¥tr
5
18to
iO
Argentiferous g-.ilena.
ST.j to
S:;4() S.;
S98G.
4
36
Argentiferous galena.
$4400.
nill's process.
4
Argentiferous quartz.
Not developed, but promises well.
6
24
Argentiferous galena,zinc-
Iilende and sulpliuret:-.
200 to
900 oz?.
One mile from Baker reduction works.
4
24
Black iron ; gold bearing.
S^(W.
Stamp mill: from select ore.
i'A
Argt. quartz, with sulph.
of silver.
Xo assay or mill return.
■8 to 20
16to
Argt. galena, zinc-blende.
SSOto
$1.50.
Average from all ore treated — about 300 tons.
24
copper pyrites, oxides
and carbonates of cop-
per ; silver bearing.
The galena 70 per cent,
lead.
S1500.
The improvements are on the west halt of the
lode, but the east pi'oiiiists equally as valu-
able as the developi<l portion. The facilities
for working tliis lud.' are j;ciod. A tnun-wav
of 1,000 feet would afford the means of deliv-
ering ore at the base of tlie mountain at small
expense. The fissure is strong, and has all
the characteristics of a true luincr.il vein, and
has been traced over 3,iK.iO feet.
7
24
Undeveloped.
^y2
4 to
(3
Argt. galena quartz.
1.50 ozs.
Easy of access.
6
12
Argt. quartz, with decom-
posed minei-al.
117 ozs.
Easy of access. Xear Argentine wagon ro.ad.
Good water power.
10
Iron pyr.; gold bearing.
Great fis.«ure vein not fully develop.il. but
promises fitirly. One mile from Whale Mill.
4
Easy of access, and considered to b" valuable
mining property.
2^
7
Surface quartz.
217 ozs. S.;
$96 6.
Easy of access by good wagon road.
■2>^
12
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
bearing.
«275.
Easy of access.
5
3
Auriferous quartz.
$228.
Very easy of access.
•S
S12S.
6
Decomposed argentiferous
$75 to
$120 to
Eas}- of access.
and auriferovis quartz.
$1133.
$22-5.
6
20
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
$50 to
$2C0.
3
3 to
10
10
SoOO.
Select ore.
4
Argentiferous galena.
$200.
Average value of mineral.
3
Argt. and aur. quartz.
Easy of access.
4
Argt. and aur. quartz.
Easy of access.
18
4 to
(j
Argt. galena, with sulph.
of silver.
70 ozs.
Easy of access.
30
Quartz, argt. galena and
sulphurets of silver,
in streaks throughout
crevice. Xo ore vein.
6 to 30 ozs.
9
Solid argt. quartz with
sulphurets.
Promises well. The ore can be delivered at
Georgetown at a very small expense.
4
6
Galena and zinc-blende ;
silver bearing.
$90.
31/
0
Ii-on, lead and zinc-
blende.
$150 C.
6
Quartz and iron pyrites;
gold bearing.
318 to
$100.
4
Iron and cop. pyr.; gold
S188 a.
Can be mined easilj- by tunnel from base of
and silver bearing.
and S.
mountaiu.
194
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Niiiiic of Lode.
HARSHER.
HOWARD.
HULDA.
HERKIMER.
HUGAG.
HUDSON.
HATTIE.
HOPEWELL.
IDA.
INCOME.
IMPERIAL.
JNO. J. CRIT-
TENDEN.
JUNCTION.
JUPITER.
JENNY LANE
J. M. SMITH.
Clear Creek Co
Spanish Bar
Dist.
Upper Union
Dist.
Argentine Dist.
Summit Mt.,
GriiTitli Di.st.
RfpnlilicaiiMt
Griffitii Dist.
Idaho Dist.
Saxon Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Downieville
Dist.
Siierman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Douglas Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Leavenworth
Mt., Griffith
Dist.
Democrat Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Union Dist.
Republican &
Democrat Mts
Griffith Dist.
Kelso Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Sherman Mt.,
(iriffith Dist.
Hrown Mt.
Griffith Dist.
186:
186.5
1870
1SG4
1868
1868
G. W. Churchill,
J. M. Smith and
Ellis.
T. J. Hough.
Pearson & Fel-
lows.
De La Mar &
Coulter
Capt. Hall.
Nash Bros.
John Mairs.
A. C. Smith.
John Mpore.
Name of Owner.
G. W. Churchill
J. M. Smith and
Ellis.
West Argentine
Mining Co.
Johnson k Bros.
De Le Mar &.
Coulter.
Hickcox &
Church Bros.
Nash Bros.
Merchants &
Mechanics Co.,
of Baltimore.
A. C. Smith.
C. W. Burdsall.
IMPROVEMENTS.
1868
186
1870
1867
1869
C. H. Moor.
John Anderson.
Prof. Bowman.
F. Tofte.
B. F. Wadsworth,
J. M. Smith,
et al.
J. REMSEN Empire Dist. 1867IS. C. Bennett,
BENNETT. ' et al.
KIT CARSON. Republican Mt. 1869 Mann, Bell &
1 Griffith Dist. | Symonds,
KALIBOUGH. i;epublicanMt.lS6o "
I Griffitli Dist.
KREMLIN. ! Cascade. 1869
C. R. Fish.
J.F. & A. C.
Tucker, et al.
Tunnel on lode, 100 ft.
Shaft, 20 ft.; surface opening, 200
feet.
Shaft, 130 ft.; drift, 140 ft.; tun-
neling, ;'iO ft.
Shaft, 80 ft.; tunnel on lode, 154 ft.
Shaft, 19 ft.
Shafting, 68 ft.; tunnel on lode,
40 feet.
Shaft, 50 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Shaft, 11 ft.
Shaft, 60 ft.
Tunnel, 23 ft. long, cuts lodo 127 ft.
deep.
KANSAS. jGriffithMt.,
I Griffith Dist.
KING. Leavenworth
Mt., Griffith
] Dist.
KASHMERE. ILeavenworth
I Mt., Griffith
Dist.
KING DAVID Republican Mt.
Griffith Dist,
KANGAROO. Idaho Dist.
KELLEY.
LADY LISLE.
LADY
KMMETT.
LIBERTY.
Trail Run.
Idaho Dist.
Chicago Creek
Dist.
Columbia Mt.,
Griffitli Dist.
Douglas Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1865
1860
1860
1864
1870
1867
1866
De La Mar & Co.
Cook & Moor.
J. Hadley, Sr.
King.
Peareon & Fel-
lows.
D. Harsha.
Wm. Howarth.
Kelly.
H. M. Thomas.
C. A.Dimick.
6. A. Mills.
James Conner,
i et al.
Eggleston, et al
W. H. Armstrong
B. F. Wadsworth,
J.M. Smith,
et al.
S. C. Bennett,
etal.
Mann, Bell &
Symonds.
De Le .Mar & Co.
Cook, Moor &
Cameron.
C. W. Bramel &
Co.
King.
Pe.arson & Fel-
lows.
D. Harsha.
Wm.Hobbs,e«ar.
Hale Mining Co..
H ol.
H. M. Thomas,
ct al.
Brow n & Dimick.
G.A.Mills &Bro.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 34 ft.
Shaft, 20 ft.
Shaft, 35 ft.
Shaft, 25 ft.
Shaft, 40 ft.
Shafting, 180 ft.
Shaft, 100 ft. Tunnel on lode, ov«
250 feet.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 20 ft.
Shaft, 35 ft.
Tunnel on lode, 20 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
195
CLEAR CREEK COVNTY— Continued.
i
>^
Character of Ores.
Assay,
Mill
REMARKS.
2
O
Per Ton.
Ketum.
Ft.
1^
2
10
No statistics.
10
Auriferous quartz, decom-
S80C.
Discovered, while placer digging, on south slope
posed.
$75 to
S650.
of Silver Mountjiin.
Pockets containing ore throughout entire
crevice.
4
1 to
9
$300.
First-class smelting ore, $964 per ton. United
States patent secured. Kasy of access.
9
Argentiferous quartz.witli
Promises well.
sulphurets.
5
24
Argentiferous galena and
sulphurets.
.>4oO S.
10
12i
Decomposed crevice mate-
rial and sulphurets of
lead and silver.
25 ozs.
100 feet from valley.
■t
3G Sulpliuret galena.
$00 to
Good lode — promises well. Ore similar to Live
$100 S.
Yankee and Wall Street lodes, and but a few
yards distant.
m
Argentiferous galena.
No assay.
5
0 to
Aur. and argent, quartz,
$92 to
12
sulph. of iron and cop.;
silver and gold bearing.
$300.
i
IS
Argentiferous galena and
sulphurets.
1200 to
1400 ozs
Second-class ore — 150 ozs. per ton.
8
3 Sulphurets of silver.
150 ft. south of State of Maine lode.
6
Auriferous quartz, with
copper and iron sulph.
6
24
8200 to
$7500.
$170.
This lode crosses through both mountains.
4
Argt. quartz, with streaks
of galena.
Easy of access.
6
Streaks of argent, galena
throughout crevice.
Promises well, and is easy of access.
20
S80.
Ore veins, ^ to 1 inch, dispersed throughout
entire contents of crevice. 60 rods west of
Coin lode. Easy of access.
i
10
Decomposed aur. quartz.
Prospects well for gold, and promises to be val-
uable. Easy of access.
20
Argentiferous galena and
sulphurets of silver.
5C80.
From argentiferous galena.
2
Argentiferous galena.
Not developed.
4K
Zinc-blende and sulph. of
silver.
$60 to
$1700.
Claim, 1,400 ft.
2}i
10
Argentiferous galena.
$288 to
$400.
Easy of access.
4
16
Argt. galena quartz.
4
12
Argt. quartz, galena and
zinc-blende.
30 to 150
ozs.
Easy of access.
7
4 to
Argentiferous galena and
500 ozs.
Select ore. Easy of access, and 160 ft. from
14
sulphurets.
Argentine wagon road.
3
12
Galena, zinc-blende, cop.
and iron pyr.; silver
bearing.
$153 S.
$70.
Paid by Prof. Hill. J^ mile from main road,
and easy of access.
20
10
Cop. and iron pyr. ; gold
bearing.
$30.
$90 to
$240.
Near the Champion lode.
2
Argt. galena with sulph.
of silver.
No assay. Promises well.
15
8 to
9
Sulphurets of silver.
$471.
$216.
Select ore.
5
Argentiferous quartz.
Easy of access, but undeveloped. 500 ft. from
valley and 2,000 ft from Stewart's mill.
4
24
Argentiferous galena,with
sulphurets.
$100.
60 per cent. lead.
196
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Location.
Name of
Name of Owner.
IMPROVEMENTS.
Name of Lode.
Clear Creek Co.
"■jS
Discoverer.
LAFAYETTE.
Griffith Mt.,
1S67
D. Faivre.
D. Faivre, et al.
Shaft, 10 ft.
LICKING CO.
Griffith Dist.
Montana Dist.
1S67
A. H. Whitehead.
A. H. Whitehead,
et al.
Shaft, 10 ft.
LIBERTY.
Columbia Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1867
G. A. Mills.
G. A. Mills k
Bros.
Shaft, -io ft.
LA BEAUNA
Idaho Dist.
1866
Burkhart &
Burkhart &
Shaft, 66 ft.; well timbered.
MORSA.
Doerres.
Doerres.
LINCOLN.
Spanish Bar
1860
0. Meyers & Co.
Shafting, 250 ft.
LIVINGSTON.
Dist.
Silver Mt.,
Union Dist.
Allen, Lowe & Co.
Bay State
Mining Co.
Shaft, 100 ft. ; well timbered.
LEIBIG.
Silver Mt.,
Union Dist.
Leibig Gold
Mining Co.
Tunnel on lode, at>out 300 ft.
LA FRANC.
Iowa Dist.
186i
Mr. Johnson.
La Franc, et al.
MORNING
Republican Mt.
186.5
Ira 0. Manu.
I. 0. Mann, C. T.
Shaft, 3.J ft.
STAR.
Griffith Dist.
Bell & William
Bennett.
MERIDIAN.
Gilson Gulch,
Idaho Dist.
1866
Campbell &
Neely.
Campbell, et al.
Shaft, 80 ft.
MT. TERNON.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
ISGO
T. Barr.
A. C. Smith.
Shaft, 10 ft.
MARK
Democrat Mt.,
1870
H. C. Parker.
U. 0. Parker,
Sliaft, 10 ft.
TWAIN.
Griffith Dist.
et al.
MAGNET.
Griffith Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
18G7
Whitford &
Charles.
Whitford &
Charles.
Tunneling, irsit ft., on lode.
MOUNTAIN
Kelso Mt.
1870 'J. Williams.
J. William.s.
Shaft, 10 ft.
LION.
1
MOUNTAIN
Rubv Mt.,
1868 'Robinson &
Ilussey & Co. and
Shafting, TO ft.; tunnel on
lode,
RAM.
Daily Dist,
Lifc'ht.
S. RoLiinson.
35 feet.
MARY
Chicago Creek
1S70
C. A. Dimick.
Airy, Brown &
Shaft, l.l ft.
WORTH.
Dimick.
MA.TOR
Griffith Mt.,
1866
Johnson & Bros.
Johnson & Bros.
Shaft discovery, 40 ft. ; east of diB-
ANDERSON
Griffith Dist.
covery, 'Xi ft.
MENDOTA.
Sherman Mt.,
D. Tooker.
Rockford fin.)
On east end, adit on vein, 70
Griffith Dist.
Co. & D. Tooker.
feet; west end, adit and
shaft.
MONTICELLO
Columbia Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1867
AY. 11. Gray.
50 feet.
Shaft, 40 ft.; drift., 20 ft.
MAJOR
WATSON.
RedMt., Dailv
Dist.
1867
Timothy Chase.
G. C. Ransdcll,
et al.
Shaft, 10 ft.
MARS. Kelso Mt..
1S70
Prof. Bowman.
Eggleston et al.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Griffith Dist.
MONITOR.
Cascade Dist.
1868
T. II. Todd & Co
Gaskill i Co.
Shaft, 20 ft.
MORATA.
Morris Dist.
1S66
S. C. Bennett,
etal.
H. K.Pearson.
S. C. Bennett,
Shaft, 30 ft.
MKTROPOLI-
TAN.
Cohimbia Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1S6S
et al.
II. K.Pearson.
Shaft, 20 ft.
MAMMOTU.
Upper Union
Dist.
1869
Mitchell & Light.
Hussey & Co.
Sliaft, 20 ft.
MAIIANY.
Lincoln Dist.
1865
J. G. Mahany.
Shaft, 30 ft.
MONTROSE.
Lincoln Dist.
1865
J. G. Mahany.
Shaft, 10 ft.
MOON STONE
Lincoln Dist.
J. M. Holland.
Holland &
Shaft, 11 ft.
MECHANICS.
Leavenworth
Mt.. Griffith
Dist.
Montana Dist.
Wm. Browu,
Benton.
M. Lynch, et al.
Shaft, 10 ft.
MINNETTO.
1867
A. H. Whitehead.
A. H. Whitehead,
Shaft, 10 ft.
MAIN SAXON
Griffith Dist.
1869
Shanner & John-
et al.
Shaft, 30 ft.
MOTLEY.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1869
son.
D. Harsha.
D. Harsha.
Shaft, 10 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
197
CLEAR CREEK COJJ^TY— Continued.
i
>
Character of Ore.
Assay,
Mill
REM.\KKS.
P
£
o
Per Ton.
Return.
Ft.
In.
3
Galena, with sulpburets.
$40 to $90.
Easy of acce.S8, and 1.000 feet from Georgetown.
4-.
4
Sulphurets of silver and
lead.
$542.
Select specimens ; easy of access.
5
Argentiferous quartz.
Not developed ; e;isy of access.
6
30
Argt. galena, copper and
iron pyr. ; silver bear-
ing, with argt. quartz.
89 ozs.
1st class ore ; e.isy of access.
i
10
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
and silver bearing.
S^
$60 to
S125.
Xear mill, with tram-way connecting.
3
18
Aur. quartz; iron and
copper pyrites.
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
bearing.
Situated about 300 feet from Le Franc's water
power on Fall river.
2
8 to
Argt. quartz, with sulpli.
$1990 to
Philadelphia mint. Easy of access.
10
of silver; cop. Traces
of gold.
$3000.
8
12
Auriferous galena.
$800.
$400 per cord, in gold, by stamp mill, select ore.
Not developed.
5
Argentiferous galena.
No assay. 3,000 feet.
4
10
Argentiferous galena.
$200 to
$2000.
8200.
Average of 28 tons. (Specimens of native sil-
ver.)
5
15
Argentiferous galena, de-
composed.
6
Zinc-blende, ruby silver,
$75 to
$75.
Good tunnel site secured. A mass of quartz, in
argt. galena and sulph.
$500.
some places, 10 feet above the surface.
of silver.
White iron and galena.
$215.
Select ore. This company owns 20 other lodes,
partially developed.
4
24
Spar, argt. quartz, veins
of argt. gali'ua, zinc-
blende, and copper and
iron pyrites, with car-
bonate of copper.
$121.
Easy of access.
6
10 to
Argentiferous galena and
250 to
2d class ore, 80 to 100 ozs. 1st class ore 50 per
24
zinc-blende.
300 ozs.
cent. lead. •
9
18
Argentiferous galena and
sulphurets.
10
18
Argt. quartz and galena.
SO to 90
450 feet east of Pollock's Pet.
4
Argt. quartz, with galena.
ozs.
Not fully developed, but easy of access.
5
Sulph. of iron and copper ;
silver bearing.
48 ozs.
4
20
Argt. quartz, with galena.
540 to
SI 00.
Easy of access.
5
24
Argentiferous quartz with
sulphurets.
50 ozs.
Very easy of access.
40 to
Auriferous quartz.
840 to
Easy of access.
40
S60C.
6
Cop. pyr. ; gold and silver
3
bearing.
3
4 to
6
Sulphurets of silver, ga-
lena and copper.
5411.
Easy of access.
4
36
Argentiferous quartz.
^405.
Select specimens of silver ; easy of access.
7
Argent, quartz and sulph.
of silver.
50 ozs.
6
12
Argt. quartz, with galena
and sulphurets.
236 ozs.
From surface mineral ; easy of access.
198
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode.
Location.
Si
Name of
Name of Owner.
IMPROVEMENTS.
Clear Creek Co.
^1
Discoverer.
MARTIN.
Empire Dist.
186.3
C. W. Tyrer.
Montana Pros-
pecting Co.
Shaft, 10 ft.
MONTANA.
Enterprise
Dist.
1863
S. Robeson.
Montana Pros-
pecting Co.
Shafting, 80 ft.
NATIONAL.
Downieville
Dist.
1867
A. S. Carpenter.
Greenleaf, Clark,
Rutherford &
Carpenter.
Shaft, 40 ft.
NEW BOSTON
Democrat Mt.,
18G5
Benj. F. Darrah.
West half, Bur-
Shaft, 180 feet; tunnel cross-cut,
Griffith Dist.
lington Silver
Mining Co.
Ea-st half, Benj.
F. Darrah and
M. P. Parker.
connecting with bottom of shaft,
225 feet. Surface openings, al
different points, defining crevice
NASSAU.
McCIellan Mt.,
West Slope.
1870
L. H. Merrill.
Walters, Bechtl
& Isaacs.
Sliaft, 10 ft.
NATIONAL.
Kelso Mt., Ar-
gentine Dist.
1868
W. Light.
Hussey & Co.
Drift on lode, 35 ft.
NEW HAMP-
Saxon Mt.,
1866
H. K.Pearson.
H. K. Pearson. IShaft, 15 't.
SHIRE.
Griffith Dist.
NEUAVE.
Upiier Union
Dist.
1870
J. M. Smith.
J. M. Smith,
d al.
Shaft, 10 ft.
NUCKOLLS.
Columbia Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1865
Scott & Packard.
Scott & Packard.
Shafting, 150 ft.; tunnel on lode,
(jOft.; cross-cut tnneling, 400 ft.
striking lode, at diflerent points,
at depth of 210 ft.
NATIONAL.
Silrer Mt.,
Union Dist.
1869
Daily & Taylor.
Daily & Taylor.
NORTH
Democrat Mt.,
1865
S. W. Leroy.
F. De La Mar &
Shafting, 120 ft.; drift, 12 ft.
AMERICA.
Griffith Dist.
Bell.
NYANZA.
Between Dem-
ocrat and Co-
lumbia Mts ,
Griffith Dist.
1867
Tiles & Rigsby.
Tiles, Rigsby &
Crescent Silver
Mining Co.
Sliafting, 96 ft.; adit, 100 ft.
NAPOLEON.
Columbia Mt.,
Montana Dist.
1866
John Thompson.
Jeff Co. Silver
Mining Co.
Sliaft, 112 ft.
NI WOT.
Leaven'rthMt.,
Griffith Dist.
1867
Wyoming Silver
Co.
Tunnel, 150 ft. in length.
0. K. SILVER.
Leavenworth
1865
W. B. RockwellA
Cowles, Rockwell
Shaft, 75 ft.; tunnel, 40 ft.; other
Mt., Griffith
Dist.
Co.
& Lee.
openings.
OZARK.
Griffitli Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1869
C. A. Dimick.
Di.xon & Dimick.
Tunnel 35 ft. from entrance, and
1-5 ft. from surface.
O'BRIEN.
Leavenworth
Mt., Griffith
Dist.
Sliaft, 10 tt.
OHIO.
Griffith Dist.
1805
Pearson & Fel-
Pearson & Fel-
Shaft, 10 ft.
OCEAN
WAYE.
Leavenworth
Mt., Griffith
Dist.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Idaho Dist.
lows.
lows.
Utter & Gunn.
Tunnel on lode and surfiace open-
ing, 300 ft.
OWNIE.
OREOPOLIS.
1870
1866
W. H. Armstrong
II. M. Thomas.
W. II. Armstrong
etal.
H. M. Thomas.
Tunnel on lode, 40 ft.
Shaft, 18 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
199
CLEAR CREEK COJj^TY—Contmued.
'?
>
Character of Ore.
Assay,
Mill
REMARKS.
2
o
O
Per Ton.
Return.
It.
TIT
4
Undeveloped.
3
20
Argt. and aur. quartz, ga-
lena and zinc-blemle.
Bli
24
Argentiferous galena.
SJiOOto
$1100.
200 feet south of Comet.
S
12to
Argt. quartz, and galena.
§40 to $S().
?4f).
Besides this return of silver, the average per
43
zinc-blende, iron and
copper pyr. Streaks of
mineral "throigh entire
contents of crevice (8
feet.)
cent, of lead in dressed ore is 60 to 70 per cent.
A tram-way can be constructed from this lode
to base of mountain, at Georgetown, for tri-
fling expense, by which ore can be delivered
at reduction works at an expense not to ex-
ceed 50 cents per ton. The owners of the
east half have secured ground on which to
erect suitable works ; also, a tunnel site, from
which a tunnel can be started that will follow
the lode, and reach the discovery at a depth
of 1,111 feet from surface. On the property
is a stream with sufficient water for engine
and other milling purposes, and on the mount-
ain above the lode plenty of good timber for
fuel. We have examined this property, ami
believe it to be, in every respect, valuable,
and possessing more than ordinary advan-
tages from location, the characterof the vein,
which has all the characteristics of a true fis-
sure, and the ease with which the ores can be
treated by smelting.
■1
3
Argentiferous galena and
zinc-blende.
80 ozs.
6
24
Argt. quartz, galena and
sulph. of silver.
Sl.'iO.
1
V.^ of mile from wagon road.
3
18
Argentiferous quartz and
30 to 80 ozs 1
Eiisy of access.
sulphurets.
2}^
12
Auriferous quartz.
$300."
SlOO.
Average value. 1 mile from Empire. Easy of
access by wagon road.
12
24
Argentiferous quartz and
sulphurets of silver.
Sll.832.
S4G0.
Assay from select specimen. Mill return from
1st cla.ss ore. Located 900 feet above Clear
Creek, near Georgetown. Average value of
ore, $175.
20
Argt. quartz, zinc-blende,
galena, copper and iron
pyrites.
S50.
:J5 ozs.
Easy of access.
4
12
Continuous argt. quartz.
4.5 percent.
with galena.
lead, with !
50 ozs.
silver.
8
lOto
Gray silver, argentiferous
Situated about 700 feet from a gooa wagon road.
16
galena and decomposed
quartz.
and at a short distance from the Swansea re-
duction works.
8
13
Argt. quartz, with galena
and sulphurets.
Easy of access.
4
6 to
Sulpherets of silver.
$7000
S113.5 to
Price paid for first class ore at Hill's reduction
8
$133G.
works.
7
8
Spar, sulph. and argent.
quartz.
Sulphurets and galena.
5005.
Select ore.
4
18
Easy of access.
3
12
SlOOO coin.
1st class. 2d class, S250.
4
12
S800.
400 feet below snow drift, and 800 feet east of
Willow lode. Easy of access.
4
12
Argt. galena, with sulph.
30 to 40
ozs.
Easy of access.
200
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
NiiiiK' of Lode.
Location.
Clear Creek Co.
'o o
Name of
Discoverer.
Name of Owner.
IMPROVEMENTS.
OCTAGON.
Virginia Dist.
H. S. Thomas.
D. Faivre, d al.
Shaft, 20 ft.
"0 K."
Griffith Dist.
1866
J. M. Holland.
J. M. Holland,
etal.
Chicago & Clear
Shaft, 15 ft.
ORINOCO.
Idaho Dist.
1865
A. Huyett.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Creek Gold and
Silver Min. Co.
O'BRIEN.
Queen's Dist.
1866
James O'Brien.
Merchants <fe
Mechanics Co.,
of Baltimore.
Shaft, 11 ft.
PEABODY.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1870
A. C. Smith.
A. C. Smith.
Shaft, 12 ft.
PROF. KCPP.
Silver Mt., Il865
J. AY, AYhite.
J. \y. AVhite.
Shafts, 80 and 50 feet ; tunnel ou
Upper Union
lode, 78 feet.
Dist.
PITTSBURG
Rubv Mt.,
1868
Wm. Light.
Hussey & Co.
Shaft, 20 ft.; tunnel on lode,
243 ft
& BOSTON.
Daily Dist.
PAYMASTER.
McClellan Mt.,
1865
Leroy & Smith.
Argentine Silver Surface opening, 100 ft., and 50 ft.
Argentine D't.
Mining Co.
deep.
POLLOCKS
Red Mt., Daily
1867
S. Broden.
G. C. Ransdell,
Shaft, 10 ft.
PET.
Dist.
etal.
PAMETER.
Griffith Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1866
J. M. Smith and
L. Pameter.
J.M.Smith, £<aJ.
Shafting, 30 ft.; tunnel lodo
and 100 ft. in depth.
50 ft,.
PARAGON.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1867
Dr. J. McCord.
Dr. J. McCord.
Shaft, 15 ft.
PLYMOUTH
Cascade Dist.
1868
T. H. Todd & Co.
Gaskill & Co.
Shaft, 35 ft.
ROCK.
PATTEN.
Idaho Dist.
1S65
A. E. Patten.
A. E. Patten,
etal.
Shaft, 15 ft.
PROTEUS.
Argentine Dist.
1865
Kelso & Hough.
West Argentine
Mining Co.
Shaft, 12 ft.; tunnel on lode,
-6ft»
PARKER.
Argentine Dist.
1866
W. F. Kelso.
West Argentine
Mining Co.
PRESIDENT.
Idaho Dist.
1867
Hickcox & Co.
Hickcox & Co.
Shaft, 25 ft.
PIONEER.
Idaho.
1864
John Baker.
John Baker.
Shaft, 10 ft.
PINE TREE.
Idaho.
1865
Hickcox.
Shaft, 25 ft. ■
PHILIPS.
Lincoln Dist.
1861
L. K. Bowdish.
Shafting, 300 ft.
PIIENIX.
Enterprise D't.
1863
C. W. Tyrer.
Montana Pros-
Shaft, 10 ft.
PARALLEL.
Idaho Dist.
1866
E. A. Hill.
pecting Co.
E. A. Hill.
Shaft, 27 ft.
PADDY.
Idaho.
18G5
Fitzpatrick.
Fitzpatrick <!!:
Shaft, 15 ft.
QOEECHEY.
Griffith Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1868
Taft &. Bros.
Ashel.
Taft & Bros.
Shaft, 18 ft.
QUINCY.
Empire Dist.
0. W. Tyrer.
Martin Saw, et al.
Shafting, 100 ft.
RIO GRANDE.
Leavenworth
Mt., Griffith
Dist.
1869
R. Gustke.
Old & Lampshire.
Shaft, 20 ft.
RECON-
STRUCTION
Siiermau Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1868
T. Burr.
C. W. Bramel &
Co.
J. Broden, et. al.
Shaft, 30 ft.
RED MOUNT-
AIN.
Red Mt., Daily
Dist.
1867
Timothy Chase.
Shaft, 10 ft.
RKMSEN.
Griffith Mt ,
1867
S. C. Bennett,
S. C. Bennett <t
Shaft, 15 ft.
KKPUBLI-
CAN.
Griffith Dist.
Idaho Dist.
1865
Hal.
G. A. Patten.
Co.
Patten & Bogue.
Shaft, 40 ft.
IMBESON.
Empire Dist.
1863
S. Robinson.
J. G. Mahany,
RAYMOND.
Spanish Bar
Dist.
1870
Dr. Eae A Co.
et al.
Dr Kae,dnZ.
Shaft, 40 ft.
SONORA.
Griffith Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1867
Fisher, Meyer &
Freds.
Fisher, Meyer,
Freds, et al.
Shafting, 55 ft.; tunneL
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
201
CLEAR CREEK COVNTY— Continued.
i
Character of Ores.
Assay,
Mill
KEMAKKS.
£
o
Per Ton.
Return.
Ft.
In.
^
Galena, cop. and iron pyr.;
silver and gold bearing.
SGOS.
322 G.
7
IS
.4rgt. galena, with zinc-
blende.
Ore vein not well defined.
4
6 to
8
S112.
4:
36
Argentiferous g;Uena.
$05 S.
Discovered sliaft 75 feet above discovery of Ter-
rible; has similar ore.
i'A
12
Argentiferous quartz.
3-?6.
Near Watson wagon road.
2y^
Sto
Auriferous quartz, coppor
$170 C.
Stamp mill. Good wagon road on lode. Near
10
and iron pyrites; silver
bearing.
Silver Mountain lode.
iVi
Sulph., argt. galena, with
S175.
Ore vein in seams tlirough entire crevice.
ruby silver.
5
Sto
Argt. galena ; 70 per cent.
f'W to
$65.
Near wagon road.
30
lead.
j'120.
10 to
Sto
Argt. quartz, with argt.
00 ozs.
1,000 feet from valley, and easy of access ; can
15
10
galena.
connect by tunnel or tram-wa}\
5
1 to
Argentiferous galena and
Sinoo to
J.^ mile from base of mountain, and V/^ miles
14
sulphurets.
S2400.
from Georgetown.
i
Argentiferous galena,with
sulphurets.
Believed to be the same as Silver Plume. Easy
of access.
i
Sto
Chloride of silver, with
?98 to
6
sulph. of copper, iron,
lead and silver.
S2500.
^
7
Iron and cop. pyr. ; gold
and silver bearing.
.?120.
This property vei-y valuable.
3
Sulphurets of silver.
$1100.
Crevice not fully defined.
Undeveloped.
5
•24
Argentiferous galena.
274 ozs.
Silver.
6
3
30
S244.
Gold and silver
10
Copper pyr., galena and
$200 C.
Connected with good wagon road ; has 150 feet
zinc-blende ; gold and
of well timbered shafting, shaft house, whim
silver bearing.
and hoisting apparatus.
4
Undeveloped.
4
Argentiferous galena.
.?98.
For 150 feet, solia mineral rises to surface,
from 10 to 15 inches in width. East of
Franklin lode.
4
S200.
5
8
Argt. galena, argt. quartz,
zinc-blende, copper and
iron pyr.
S40 to $350
4
.\ur. and argent, quartz
S50 C
700 feet south of Golconda.
4
12
Argt. quartz, galena and
sulph. of silver.
30 to 114
ozs.
900 feet above llelmic tunnel.
5
18
Argt. quartz, interspersed
with galena.
S30.
Easy of access.
Crevice not fully defined, but evidently a strong
vein.
6
Aur. quartz, with galena
and sulphurets.
S20.
Easy of access.
3
11
Galena, zinc-blende and
copper: silver bearing.
570.
8
Argt. and aur. quartz.
Easy of access.
4
18
Gold bearing quartz.
SIOO.
500 feet from mill.
5^
6 to
22
Argentiferous galena.
S81.
202
EOCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode.
Location.
a >
Name of
Name of Owner. ' IMPROVEMENTS.
Clear Creek Co.
^.1
Discoverer.
'
SUNNY SIDE.
Sherman Mt,
Griffith Dist.
18GS
C. S. Stowell.
Sexton & Stowell Shaft, 14 ft.
ST.^TEN
Leavenworth
1860
Wm. Brown.
M. Lynch, et al. Shaft, 10 ft.
ISLAND.
Mt., Griffith
Dist.
S.-VLLIE
Sherman Mt.,
1865
J. T. Harris.
J. T. Harris. Shaft, 20 ft.
MARD.
Griffith Dist.
S. AMERICA.
Republican Mt.
Griffith Dist.
18&5
De La Mar & Bell.
De La Mar <t Bell. .Shaft, 40 ft.; drift., 30 ft.
SHAFTER.
Idaho Dist.
1864
John Baker.
Baker k Shafter, Shaft, 100 ft.
it al. 1
S. AMERICA.
RepublicanMt.
Griffith Dist.
1865
De La Mar k Co.
De La Mar & Co. Shaft, 40 ft.
SOVEEEIGN.
Gilson Gulch,
1866
Campbell &
Campbell k ! Shaft, 20 ft.
Idaho Dist.
Neely.
Neely. |
SMITH.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1868
A. C. Smith.
A. C. Smith.
Shaft, 10 ft.
SUMMIT.
Griffith Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1866
L. Whitford.
N. Y. capitalists.
Shaft, 60 ft. ; tunnel, 25 ft.
SILVER
Democrat Mt.,
1866
Cooper & Fisher.
Adams k Rogei-s
Shaft, 2.5 ft.
CLOUD.
Griffith Dist.
etal.
SUCCESS.
Leavenworth
Mt., Griffith
1S67
3. Baster.
C. W. Bramel k
Co.
Shaft, 18 ft.
Dist.
S. AMERICA.
RepublicanMt.
F. Delamar. ; Shaft, 40 ft. ; drift, west, 50 ft.
Griffith Dist.
SIMPSON.
Leavenworth
Mt., Griffith
Dist.
Sherman Mt.,
Jas. Walker.
Jas. Walker.
Shaft, 35 ft.
ST. LUKE.
1867
Gray, Wythe k
St. Louis Mining
Drift on vein, 140 ft.
Griffith Dist.
Co.
Co.
ST. MAT-
Sherman Mt.,
1867
Gray, Wythe k
St. Louis Mining
Shaft, 10 ft.
THEW.
Griffith Dist.
Co.
Co.
ST. MARK.
Sherman Mt.,
1867
Gray, Wythe k
St. Louis Mining
Shaft, 40 ft.
Griffith Dist.
Co.
Co.
S. F. NUCK-
Columbia Mt.,
1865
Palmer & Co.
Packard, Scott &
Shaft, 30 ft.
OLLS, No. 2.
Griffith Dist.
Palmer.
STATE OF
Democrat Mt.,
1868
C. H. Moor.
C. R. Fish.
Shaft, 18 ft.
MAINE.
Griffith Dist.
SILVER STAR
McClellan Mt.
1865
BelljBros.
Harrington,
Emanuel, et al.
Shaft, 10 ft.
SHELLBARK.
Idaho Dist.
1866
H. M. Thomas.
H. M. Thomas.
Shaft, 25 ft.
ST. CLOUD.
Griffith Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1866
R. J. Collins.
R. J. Collins, C.
P. Baldwin, eiai.
Shaft, 28 ft.
STOCKHOLM
Griffith Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1S68
S. Peterson.
Taft Bros., et al.
Shaft, 35 ft.
SEATON.
Idaho Dist.
1861
Womack k
Womack, Dean,
Shafting, over 600 ft., and large
Seaton.
etal.
amount of drifting fully devel-
oping the lode.
SANTA FE.
Idaho.
1865
C. Kimberlin.
Cincinnati Min.
Shaft, 65 ft.
SURPRISE.
Idaho.
1862
Freeman, Adams
k Wilson.
Co., et al.
Freeman, Adams
k Wilson.
Shafting, 110 ft.
SENORA.
Ca-scade Dist.
1869
Todd & Co.
T. H. Todd, et al.
Shaft, 10 ft.
SALUDA.
Paynes' Bar.
1864
Bangs k Edwards
Bangs k Edwards
Shaft, 10 ft.
SILVER
BELL.
1866
J. Elsam.
etal.
J. Elsam & Co.
SILVER
EAO LE.
Idaho Dist.
1866
Conrad Tease.
Conrad Tease.
Shaft, 10 ft.
SPANISH
LODE.
Spanish Bar
Dist.
1860
Tunnel on lode, 100 ft.
SILVER MT.
Upper Union
Dist.
1862
L.F.Audry.eiaZ.
E. Willson & Co.
Shaft, 12.5 ft.; drifting, 1.50 ft.
SHAWNEE.
Silver Mt.,
1861
Russell, Jones k
Bullion Consoli-
Union Dist.
Hull.
dated Co.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
203
CLEAR CREEK COU'^TY— Continued.
'>
Character of Ore.
Assay,
Mill
REMARKS.
£
£
Per Ton.
Return.
o
o
Ft.
InT
6
18
Argentiferous galena and
zinc-blende.
2
Argentiferous quartz.
Ea^y of access, and promise.s well.
3
5
Argentiferous galena and
sulphurets.
1300 ozs.
Easy of access ; 200 feet from wagon road.
20
10
Argentiferous galena with
sulphurets.
34o ozs.
175 feet from wagon road, and easy of access.
5
3
Aur. and argent, quartz
with sulphurets.
$150.
S125.
Gold specimens, select, a.ssaying as high as
8156,000.
3
7
Argentiferous galena.
Not fully developed.
5
24
Argentiferous galena; gold
bearing.
3'j() ozs.
Head of Gilson gulch.
18
Argentiferous galena.
5
6
Argentiferous galena with
$300 to
Represented by Messrs. Lord, Whitford and
sulphurets.
SoOOO.
Campbell.
3J^
24
$150.
Select ore.
4
Ai-gentiferons quartz.
SO ozs.
A few specimens of native silver taken from
this lode.
10
10
Argentiferous galena and
sulphurets.
400 ozs.
Two feet of crevice material, 2d class ore, as.says
$100.
2J^
18
Argentiferous galena.
7
4 to
5
3
zinc-blende.
500 ozs.
8
Argt. quartz and galena.
100 oza.
7
30
Sulphurets, zinc - blende
and galena.
280 ozs.
7
8
Sulphurets of silver and
galena.
SIO(X).
$120.
Easy of access
7
Argt. galena, interspersed
throughout crevice
material.
S166.
Select ore ; easy of access.
Not developed.
6
12
5
Argent, and aur. quartz
with copper and iron
pyrites.
Easy of access.
Crevice not well defined, but promises well.
4)^
12
Argt. quartz, galena with
gray copper, sulphuret-s
of iron and copper.
SSOO.
S2U0.
Select ore.
12
12to
18
Galena, zinc-blende, cop-
per and iron pyrites,
gray copper and sulph.
of silver.
Further description elsewhere.
3
10
Iron, copper, zinc-blende
and sulph.
S250.
$158.
Paid by Prof. Hill.
5
8
Galena and zinc-blende.
.50 ozs.
2""
3
$150.
Select specimens. A fine streak of surface ore,
with nuggets of gold imbedded.
31^
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
bearing.
S150 C.
Ci"evice well defined.
1^4
3200.
4
12
Argt. snd aur. quartz.
2
8
No statistics.
6
24
Aur. quartz, copper and
iron pyrites.
3100.
sios c.
Easy of access.
3
24
S155 C.
E;i.sy of access.
204
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode.
Location, l'^ ?.]
Clear Creek Co. jd. I
P
Name of
Discoverer.
Name of Owner.
IMPKOVEMEXTS.
THEYELLOAV
JACKET.
THE SILVER
TOOTH.
TERRIBLE.
TENTH
LEGION.
TERRIBLE
EXT.
TOM MOON-
LIGHT.
TORRONTO.
THE BRO.
, JONATHAN
TOM CORWIN
TALISMAN.
TEXAS.
TIGER.
TIGER.
TERRIFIC.
TIGER.
TOM THUMB.
U. S. GRANT.
UNCAS.
V. S. TREAS-
URER.
UNIFORM.
U. S. COIN.
VALLEY.
VESUVIUS.
VERMONT.
Idaho Dist.
Idaho.
14 Queen Dist.,
the other half
Griffith, on
Brown and
Sherman Mts.
Silver Mt.,
Union Dist.
Brown Mt..
Griffith Dist.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Democrat Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Democrat Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
I Democrat Mt.,
; Griffith Dist.
I Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Cascade Dist.
Idaho Dist.
Union Dist.
Leaven'rth Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Ruby Mt.,
Daily Dist.
Kelso Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Columbia Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Idaho Dist.
Brown Mt.
Griffith Dist.
Republican Mt.
Griffith Dist.
Republican Mt.
Griffith Dist.
Daily Dist.
1S61
1867
1868
H. M. Thomas.
H. M. Thomas.
D. Jutton, ei al.
J. C. Hough, et al.
Shaft, on discovery, 10 ft.
Terrible Lode .t Fully developed.
Clark Mining |
Co. ,
Knickerbocker Shaft, 190 ft.
Gold Mining Co.
Campbell A Clark, Crow i IShaft, 75 ft.
Haggart. | Campbell. |
A.C.Smith. A.C.Smith. Shaft, 10 ft.
Thos. Burr.
A. C. Smith & Co. Tunnel being driven on (be lode;
. shaft, b,') ft.
1866 J. Bell.
C. J. Goss.
1860 Cooper & Fisher. | Adams, Rogers,
j PhillettsiUick-
cox.
1865 'Russell & Scott. ! Scott & Brother.
1869 ]H. H. Hewitt.
1869
1868, Ray & Clark.
1869 S.C. Bennett,
Hal.
1867 lA.H. Whitehead.
1865 1 P. H. Rhodes.
1868
1866
1867
VICTOR.
VICTOR.
VICKSBURG
VETO.
VELOCIPEDE
VIRGINIA
Griffith Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Idaho Dist.
Virginia Dist.
Idaho Dist.
Idaho.
Virginia Dist.
1867
1867
1865
1868
M. Light.
Prof. Bowman.
Malone &. Moor.
Wm. Ilobbs.
J. W. Ames.
Webster & Ames.
J. M. Dennis and
Timothy Chase.
C. II. Ilurlbut.
F. Leighton.
W. H. Latshaw.
Ewrs & Dun-
nigan.
Dr. Pollock.W.lI.
Armstrong.c/<i/.
P. L. Bryant &
Co.
Dr. Noson, et al.
j S.C. Bennett,
etal.
A. H. Whitehead.
dal.
Wood '& Weaver.
Hussey & Co.
Eggleston, et al.
Scott & Packard.
Barnes & Hobbs.
Brown Mining
Co.
De La Mar &. Co.
Webster & Co.
G. C. Ransdell,
etal.
Tunnel on lode, 30 ft. ; drift from
I tunnel, '20 ft.
IShaft, 30 ft.
'shaft, 30 ft.
(Surface opening, 4i) ft ; shaft, 15 ft,
jshaft, 15 ft.
[Shaft, 14 ft.
Shaft, 35 ft.
i
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.; drift on lode, 96 ft.
^Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Ishaft, 12 ft.
Fully developed.
I
Shaft, 10 ft.
'shaft, 40 ft.
iTunuel on lode, 75 ft. ;' shaft, 10ft.
Bailey, Nott & Shaft, 15 ft.; drift, 20 ft. ; tunnel
John Cree. | on lode, 60ft.
Needham &
Leighton.
Latshaw & Mixer
Mahany.
Shaft, 20 ft.
Shaft, 35 ft.
Shaft, 75 ft.
Shaft, 100 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
205
CLEAR CREEK COTJ^TY— Continued.
.H
r-
Character of Ore.
Assay,
Mill
KEMARKS.
9
O
Per Ton.
Return.
Ft.
InT
2
12
.Krgt. and aur. quartz.
■40 ozs.
Ea.sy of access.
5
16 to
Galena, zinc-blende, iron
51 to 3135
50 to 630
Further statistics elsewhere.
24
pyrites, stephanite, pyr-
argyrite and silver
glance.
ozs.
ozs.
7
84
Solid iron and cop. pyr.;
gold bearing.
S86.
$100 C.
Assay from 13 different specimens. Eii-sy of
access.
5
2
Sulph. of silver, galena
and zinc-blende.
$500 to
8800.
900 feet west of Terrible.
IS
Argentiferous galena.
4 to 6
3 to
Argt. galena, with siilpb.i8240 to
S12.
The average value of entire contents of crevice
5
$900.
•
(5 feet). The tunnel will cross the Ida, Smith,
Tom Moonlight, Eureka, Mt. A'eriion and
Peabody lodes; also, Robt. Emmett and
trend of Mendota.
5
12
Argentiferous galena. S20 to $700
Sioo.
7
48
Argt. quartz and galena.
S70.
Select ore.
5
6
Silver from argt. galena.
S40.
50 per cent, lead ; easy of access ; 15iX) feet
above Georgetown.
4
Argt. quartz, with galena $3000.
and sulphurets. '
S150.
Select ore ; easy of access.
6K
9
Argentiferous quartz anil $175.
sulphurets. 1
Surface ore. It is of esxsy access, and is beiug
fully developed.
3
Argt. quartz, with cop. and
iron pyr.; sulph. silver.
5
18
Argt. quartz, with galena,
cop. and iron pyr.
40 to 300
ozs.
A good wagon road to shaft house.
Crevice not fully developed, but 5 ft. of quartz
already exposed. Easy of access and promises
well.
Located near the Equator lode.
4
3 to
Sulphurets of silver, with
590 ozs.
10
galena and zinc-blende.
4
12
Zinc-blende, ruby silver
Crevice material, soft quartz and Talcott mat-
and argt. quartz.
5125.
ter. Easy of access.
3
8
Argentiferous quartz.
Easy of access by tram-way.
8
18
Sulphurets of silver and
galena.
S175.
1000 feet east of Nuckolls, and supposed to be
an extension.
5
Galena, copper and iron
pyrites ; silver bearing.
$72.
Decomposed crevice material.
3to4
4 to
Galena, zinc-blejide and
S200 to
S50 to
Near the Brown and Terrible lodes.
S
chloride of silver.
SIOOO.
$450.
2
Argentiferous galena.
Undeveloped.
5
Argentiferous quartz.
No assay or mill return.
18
Argt. galena, with sulph.
of silver.
$24 to S209
48 ozs.
Mill run from ore vein. The crevice material
in this lode is from 100 to 200 feet in breadth,
and contains, besides ore, feldspathic quartz
and porphyry. Entire content.-, of this great
fissure assay from 12 to 24 ozs. silver. About
}A mile from good wagon road.
24
6
Argt. quartz, zinc-blende,
60 to 325
Easy of access. The mill is willing to pay at
sulph. and little galena
ozs.
the rates named, in any quantity.
5
Aur. quartz, with galena.
219 ozs.
$100-
4^
Argt. quartz ^d galena ;
silver bearing.
SIOS.
4
15
Silver bearing.
$300 to
SIOOO.
•2^
18
Gold bearing.
$116.
Surface ore.
3
Cop. and iron pyr.; gold
bearing.
S400.
206
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Location.
■St
Name of
Name of Lode.
Clear Creek Co
ft
Discoverer.
Name of Owner.
IMPROVEMENTS.
WM. M.
Republican Mt
1870
Collins & Stowell.
E. P. Sexton & Co.
Shaft, 75 ft.; drift., 40 ft.
FEKRY.
Griffith Dist.
WASHING-
Idaho Dist.
1864
A. H. Huyett.
Chicago & Clear
Shaft, 140 ft.
TON.
Creek Gold andl
Silver Min. Co. |
WALL
Fall River Dist.
Shaft, 22 ft.
STREET.
WILSON.
Snake River
Dist.
I8G4
Wilson Mining
Co.
Shaft, 45 ft.
WILLEY.
Sherman Mt.,
1868
Watson & Ed-
Clark, Crocker,
Tunnel cross-cut, 80 feet ; 3 shafts.
Griffith Dist.
wards.
Newell & Wat-
20 ft. eacli.
W. H. SLADE.
Democrat Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1865
Darrah & Parker.
son.
Darrah & Parker.
Shaft, 10 ft.
WAVERLY.
Columbia Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
18G7
Decker & Thomas
Campbell, Decker
& Clark.
Shaft, 26 ft.
WHEELING.
McClellan Mt.,
E. Argentine
Dist.
1865
T. J. Campbell.
Henshel, Garrett,
et al.
Shafting and drifting im
meuts, $:i,otiO.
prove-
W. B. ASTOR.
Democrat Mt.,
1866
Cooper & Fisher.
Astor Silver Min.
Shafting, 217 feet ; tunnel on lode.
Griffith Dist.
Co., et al.
20 ft.; drifting, 50 ft., to a
of 80 ft.
depth
W. B. ASTOR
Democrat Mt.,
1867
Cooper & Fisher.
Adams, Rogers,
Shaft, 35 ft.
EXT.
Griffith Dist.
Phillets & Hick-
WILD
Sherman Mt.,
cox.
Shaft, 13 ft.
NETTLE.
Griffith Dist.
WYOMING.
Sherman Mt.,
1869
G. L. Sites.
Wyoming Silver
Shaft discovery, 10 ft.; shaft at east
Griffith Dist.
Mining Co.
extent of lode, 20 ft.
WASH CASH.
Leavenworth
Mt., Griffith
Dist.
18G5
Pearson &
Fellows.
Pearson &,
Fellows.
Shaft, 10 ft.
WM. PENN.
Democrat Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
1867
6. L. Sites and
D, T. Rigsby.
Sites & Rigsby.
Shafting, 90 ft.
WILCOX.
McClcUan Mt.,
Griffith IHst.
1866
Stewart & Moore
J. 0. Stewart and
C. R. Fish.
Shaft, 14 ft.
WILLOW.
Shiriiuai Mt.,
1867
P. L Bryant,
Shaft, 70 ft. ; drifting, 38 ft.
Griffith Dist.
€taL
WELCH.
Cascade Dist.
1869
W. R. Griffiths &
J. P. Jones.
W. R. Griffiths &.
J . P. Jones.
Shaft, 12 ft.
WASHING-
TON.
Cascade.
Bangs AWomack
Bangs AWomack
Shaft, 10 ft.
YALE.
Griffith Dist.
1865
C. J. Goss.
Baltimore Min.
ZODIAC.
Chicago Creek
1867
C. H. Dimick.
Co.
C. H. Dimick.
Shaft, 20 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
207
CLEAR CREEK COUISTY—Continued.
2
>-
o
Character of Ore. ^^^^^''
Per Ton.
Mill
Return.
REMARKS.
Ft.
In.) 1
'
5}4
5 to 8
lOto
36
Argt. quartz, with galena
and sulphurets.
Argt. galena; gold bear-
ing.
SoOO to
f209u.
S300.
277 ozs.
5
Auriferous quartz.
Supposed to be very rich.
8
Galena, zinc- blende and
silver sulphurets.
5200 to
$900.
«151.
Amalgamation.
Not developed; 1600 feet.
2
9
Sulphurets, with galena.
S138.
i
4
ArgentiferoTia galena.
$500 to
§2000.
300 ozs.
5
3 to
36
Argt. quartz, galena, zinc-
blende and sulphurets.
13 to
18300 ozs.
o
24
Argt. quartz, galena, zinc-
blende and sulphurets.
Sioo.
3
3
5
12
18
Argentiferous gajena and
zinc-blende.
Argt. quartz, with galena
distributed throughout
entire crevice.
Argt. quartz, sulphurets
and galena.
$120 to
$240.
Select ore.
High up on the mountain.
i
4 to 5
6
4 to
16
2 to
4
8 to
12
Argt. quartz, with galena
and sulphurets.
Streaks of mineral thro'gh
crevice.
Argt. quartz, with sulph.
197 ozs.
200 to
lOOO ozs.
$275.
Select specimens, $1,000. Easy of access.
Near summit.
Easy of access.
i
Easy of access.
25
Sulphurets and galena.
18
Argt. quartz, with galena
and zinc-blende.
S70.
208
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Owner.
BALTIC.
BOULDER CO.
COMSTOCK.
COPPER.
COUNCIL
HILL.
CONGER.
COLUMBIA.
CARIBO CITY
COLFAX.
CARTER.
Ilanna & Fro-
ment.
Haight & Havens
E. Burns & Co.
Everest & Martin
Cutter & Conger.
Conger, Hite &
Co.
W. A. Martin &
Co.
S. Ewiug, et al.
S. P. Conger.
S. Moekert, et al.
Ilite & Co.
B. F. Leonard &
Co.
Carter & Co.
IMPROVEMENTS.
CROWN
PRINCE.
CARIBO, No. 2
CARIBOU.
DEER ROCK.
EL DORADO.
EMPIRE
STATE.
E. F. LOWE.
EL DORADO,
No. 2.
FOREST.
FOUNTAIN.
GREGORY.
GR.\ND
ISLAND.
GREAT WEST
HIDDEN
TREASURE.
HOLT.
HIGHLAND
IDAHO.
INDEPEND-
ENT.
Carter & Co.
J. Anderson, etal.
A. D. Breed & Co.
and Cariljou
Mining Co.
S. Conlclin.
F. Ruljidoux.
Everest & Martin
Baker & Co.
S. Conlilin.
Strait & Ebert.
B. F. Leonard &
Co.
Strait & Ebert.
J. Snow, et al.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 20 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Shaft, 23 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 25 ft.
Shaft, 25 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
[Shafting, 5i ft.
Sliaft. 20 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 20 ft.
Shaft, 14 ft.
Shaft, 25 ft'
Well developed.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft. 11 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Shaft, 20 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Haight & Havens
Thos. Smail, et al.
Quinn k Co.
Cosgrove & Borie. Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 30 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
W. W. Warner,
et al.
J. C. Beard, & Co.
Shaft, 10 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
209
BOULDER COUNTY.
1
£
o
Character of Ores.
Assay,
Per Ton.
Mill
Return.
REMARKS.
Ft.
In.
1
4
3
3
5
7
10
24
Argt. galena, with sulph.
of silver.
Argt. galena, with sulph.
of silver.
Argt. galena, with sulph.
of silver.
Argt. quartz, with copper
pyrites.
.\rgt. quartz, with sulph.
79 ozs.
Not fully developed.
3
Argt. quartz, with galena.
Ore vein not defined.
2
3
i
16
8
Zinc-blende and argt. ga-
lena.
Argt. galena, with sulph.
of silver.
Argt. galena, with sulph.
of .silver.
Argt. quartz, with sulph.
196 to 254
ozs.
More specimens of native silver taken from this
lode than any other in the district.
Assay from select specimens, $15,767.
Ore vein not well defined.
4
4
7 to
10
Argt. galena, zinc-blende
and black suljih.
Argt. galena, zinc-blende
and sulph.
Argt. quartz, with galena.
260 ozs.
The first lode discovered in Grand Island dist.
Ore vein undefined.
4
22
22to
•24
12
Argt. galena, with sulph.
of silver.
Argt. quartz.
5
4
Argt. and aur. quartz, with
sulph. of .silver.
Surface argt. quartz.
97 ozs.
Silver.
5
2
4
lOto
24
Sulph. of silver, lead and
cop. ; chloride of silver
in small quantities.
Argt. quartz, with sulph.
Argt. quartz, with brittle
silver.
Argt. quartz, with galena.
.?111 to
S16,500.
1S2 ozs.
$100 to
$2000.
The great silver mine of Colorado. Further
statistics elsewhere.
Assay from surface quartz. 34 mile from a
traveled road.
Undeveloped.
20
5
6
48
30
Galena, sulph., iron and
copper; silver bearing.
Argt. quartz, with brittle
silver.
Surface quartz.
$300.
Not fully developed; promises well.
4
3
10
Argt. quartz, with galena
and copper.
This lode not fully developed.
20
3
3
3
3
36
8
12
Argt. galena, with zinc-
blende and sulphurets
of copper.
Gold and silver bearing
quartz.
Sulphurets of silver and
argt. galena ; gold bear-
ing.
101 ozs.
■?90 to
$188.
18 ozs.
Surfece quartz, and easy of access.
Prof. Hill's reduction.
Stamp mill.
3
3
Argt. quartz, brittle silver
with sulp^n-eta and
carbonates.
Argt. quartz.
3 miles northeast of Caribo lode; promises welL
14
210
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode.
Location.
Boulder Co. f
si"
S. O
Name of
Discoverer.
Name of Owner.
IMPROVEMENTS.
IRON.
IDLWILD.
jrand Island ]
Dist.
"i. I. Dist.
864
1870
Pugh, Lang &
Perrigo.
G. C. Albright.
Mishler & Pugh.
Albright & Co.
Shaft, 15 ft.
JEFFERSON '
3. 1. Dist.
870
McCormick & Co.
McCormick & Co.
Shaft, 15 ft.
CO. 1
JOE DATIS «. I. Dist.
& CO. 1
J. ATSAN- G. I. Dist.
L870
1870
r. McAlister.
J. Schaffer.
r. McAlister &
Co.
J. Aisanhuit&Co
Shaft, 12 ft.
Shaft, 25 ft.
IIl'IT.
JONES. G. I. Dist.
1870
John Jones.
John Jones.
Shafting, 25 ft.
KRIGBAUM.
LEGAL
TENDER.
LOUISIANA.
LEGAL
TENDER.
McPIIERSON.
MORNING
G. I. Dist.
a. I. Dist.
G. I. Dist.
Sugar Loaf
Dist.
G. I. Dist.
G. I. Dist.
1870
1870
1870
18G9
1869
1870
J. B. Tomlinson
&Co.
Thos. Smail, et al.
F. C. Albright.
John Duncan.
McPhereon &
Ilarrigan.
E. Burns & Co. j
J. B. Tomlinson
&Co.
rhos. Small, e<oJ.
J. E. Kitzen-
mayer, et al.
John Duncan.
McPherson. Ilar-
rigan & Hill.
E. Burns & Co.
Shaft, 30 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 6 ft.
Shaft, 14 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
ST.\R. 1
MORNING
STAR.
MONTREAL.
G. I. Dist.
G. I. Dist.
1870
1870
T.McBreen&Co.
F. Brandry & Co.
T. McBreen & Co.
F. Brandry & Co.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
MONITOR.
G. I. Dist.
1870
Everest & Martin
Everest & Martin
Shaft, 341^ ft.
MASTIFF.
G. I. Dist.
1870
S. Conger.
Conger & Cutter.
Shaft, 18 ft.
NINE HUN-
DRED DOI^
LAR FINE.
ORA CASH.
G. I. Dist.
G. I. Dist.
1870
1870
Uite & Edwards.
E. Burns & Co.
Hite & Edwards.
E. Bums & Co.
Shaft, 10 ft.; 30 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
on weat.
ONONDAGA.
G. I. Dist.
1870
J. S. Kesler.
J. S. Kesler.
Shaft, 15ft.
ORLINGTON.
G. I. Dist.
1870
M. J. Stone.
S. B. McPherson.
Shaft, 20 ft.
OHIO.
G. I. Dist.
1870
John Baker.
Baker & Co.
Shaft, 15 ft.
OLD PAY.
PITTSBURG.
PICKWICK.
Sugar Loaf
Dist.
G. I. Dist.
G. I. Dist.
1867
1870
1870
J. C. Blake.
D. Smith.
W. A. Martin.
Tappan & Co.
Smith, Boyles &
Richards.
W. A. Martin.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
PACIFIC.
G. I. Dist.
1870
Chase & Co.
Pacific Co.
Shaft, 28 ft.
PHTLADEL-
I'UiA
PRINCE
ROYAL.
G. I. Dist.
G. I. Dist.
1870
1870
J. Snow.
S. L. Higby, et al.
J. Snow.
S.'L.mghy, et.al
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 12 ft.
PRIDE OF
THE WEST.
PIONEER,
G. I. Dist.
G. I. Dist.
1870
1869
G. J. mte & Co.
T. J. Hill.
G. J. Hite & Co.
T.J.Hill.
Shaft, 26 ft.
Shaft, 20 ft.
PENNSYLVA-
NIA.
Nard.
1866
McMain & Co.
Richard Fowley,
etal.
John Anderson.
Shafting, 50 ft.
POOR
WOMAN'S.
G.LDist.
1870
John Anderson.
Shaft, 40 ft.
niOGRANDE
G. I. Dist.
1870
Cosgrove&Borie
Cosgrove & Borie
Sliaft, 10 ft.
ROBINSON.
SWEETZER.
G.LDist.
G. I. Dist.
1870
187C
F. Brandry.
J. Schaffer.
Brandry & Rob-
inson.
J. Aisanhuit & Cc
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft; 3 6 ft.
SILICA.
G. I. Dist.
187C
Is. Ewing,e<a?.
S. Ewing, et al
Shaft, 14 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
211
BOULDER COVl!iTY— Continued.
>■ Character of Ores.
' Assay, Mill
: Per Ton. Return.
REMARKS.
Ft.
In.:
5
9
36
Argt. galena, with snlph.
of silver.
Promises exceedingly well.
4
20
24
Argt. quartz, with sulph.
of silver.
Argt. quartz.
70 ozs.
Surface ore.
Undeveloped, but promises well.
3
3
18
Argt. quartz.
Argt. quartz.
into
$1007.
246 ozs.
Crevice and ore vein undefined, but evidently
a large fissure.
Prof. Hill's reduction.
Not fully developed.
20
96
Argt. quartz, with brittle
silver.
Sulph. and argt. galena.
$1300.
Shaft house and blacksmith shops.
Select ore.
Argt. quartz.
$80.
Not fully developed ; promises well.
Crevice not fully developed ; easy of access.
4
14
3
5
Argt. quartz.
100 ozs.
4
24
12
18
Argt. and aur. quartz, and
giilena.
Argt. quartz, with galena
and sulph.
Argt. quartz, galena, zinc-
blende, cop.and iron pyr.
with sulph. of silver.
Decomposed quartz.
Sn ozs. S.
30 ozs. G.
$113.65.
Select ore. ^ mile from main road from Cari-
bou to Boulder City.
Easy of access.
7
3
4
2^^
12
3G
6
Argt. quartz, sulphurets of
copper pyr.
Argt. and aur. quartz,
with galena, cop. and
iron sulph.
Chloride and sulphurets
of silver
Sulphurets, zinc - blende
and galena.
Zinc-blende, cop. pyr. and
gray sulph. of silver.
Argt. quartz, with galena.
14 ozs.
$.'i00 to
$1300.
31300.
250 ozs.
Promises finely.
Easy of access, and to be fully developed.
Silver.
Silver ; highest assay. Average assay, $620.
Easy of access, but undeveloped.
5
3
4
10
C
Copper and iron pyr. with
silver.
Argt. galena, with sulph.
of copper and iron.
Is easy of access, and promises well.
250 feet above Caribo.
7
4
22
18
.4rgt. galena, with sulph.
of silver.
Argt. quartz, with galena
and sulph.
Aur. and argt. quartz.
368 to $320
$52 to $240
5110 C.
Situated near main wagon road, and accessible
at all seasons.
l^to
2
5
Argt. galena.
24
2200 ozs.
Assay, from select specimens, by Prof. Hill.
Argl. quartz, with sulph.
30 ozs.
Surface quartz ; crevice undefined.
212
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode.
Location.
Boulder Co.
- £"1
° ^ Name of
^ ^ Discoverer.
5
\
1
Name of Owner. , IMPROVEMENTS.
STARRY
BANNER.
STALKER.
Grand Island
Dist.
G. I. Dist.
1870
1870
J. C. Beard.
J. C. Beard.
J. C. Beard, et al.
J. C. Beard, et al.
Shaft, 14 ft.
Shaft, 16 ft.
SILVER
G. I. Dist.
1870
II. Wood & Co.
H. Wood & Co.
Shafting, 30 ft.
QUARRY.
SPENCER.
SOLFERINO.
SEVEN-
THIRTY.
ST. OLIVE.
G. I. Dist.
G. I. Dist.
G. I. Dist.
Gold Hill Dist.
1870
1870
1870
1870
Geo. Spencer.
F. C. Albright.
Hite & Co.
Thos. Quinn.
Moekert & Spen-
cer, et al.
J. E. Katzen-
mayer, et al.
Hite & Co.
Thos. Quinn.
Shaft, 18 ft.
Shaft, 15 ft.
Shaft, 10 ft.
Shaft, 14 ft.
STATEN
ISLAND.
STONEWALL
JACKSON.
SOVEREIGN
PEOPLE.
G. I. Dist.
1870
J. Anderson.
J. Anderson, «<aJ. Shaft, 33 ft.
G. I. Dist.
Pugh Mt.,
G. I. Dist.
1870
1870
F. C. Albright &
Co.
Ulysses Pugh.
F. C. Albright &
Co.
Ulysses Pugh.
Shaft, 14 ft.
6 shafts, and considerable drifting.
TERROR.
6. 1. Dist.
1870
R. Gustke.
R. Gustke & Co.
Tunnel on vein, 15 ft
breadth of tunnel.
; height and
6 ft., each.
TEN-FORTY.
G. I. Dist.
1870
Hite & Co.
Hite A Co. i Shaft, 10 ft.
TERRIBLE.
G. I. Dist.
1870
W. Cox.
Whimsray & Cox
Shaft, 13 ft.
*
TROJAN.
TWO HUN-
DRED AND
SEVENT'N.
UNEXPECT'D
G. I. Dist.
6. 1. Dist.
G. I. Dist.
1870
1870
1870
G. W. Carter &
Co.
Dougherty & Co.
Moekert & Co.
G. W. Carter &
Co.
Dougherty 4 Co.
Moekert & Co.
Shaft, 45 ft.
Shaft, 14 ft.
Shaft, 27 ft.
VIRGINIA.
G. I. Dist.
1870
Hite & Co.
Hite & Co.
Shaft, 10 ft.
WORN.
G. I. Dist.
1870
Wm. Worn.
Wm. Worn.
Shaft, 12 ft.
WASHOE.
WAR EAGLE.
Sugar Loaf
Dist.
Gold Hill Dist.
1868
1863
John Duncan.
Gill & Brooks.
John Duncan.
John C. Collier,
etal.
S. Ewing, etal.
Shaft, 12 ft.
Shafting, 160 ft.
ZUNNICA.
G.LDlst.
1870
S. Ewing, et al.
Shaft, 10 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
213
BOULDER COV^TY— Continued.
i
£
£
o
Character of Ore.
Assay,
Per Ton.
Mill
Return.
REMARKS.
Ft.
In.
2^
8
Snlpbnrets of silver.
43 ozs.
300 feet south of Caribo mine.
2
2
Quartz and decomposed
crevice material.
Argt. quartz.
«91.
$9 to $15. 1
Silver and gold.
Promises well.
2
6 to
8
$300.
50 ozs.
Average.
4
Argt. quartz, with brittle
silver.
Argt. quartz, with galena.
Crevice uncertain, and ore vein undefined.
4
3
14
Auriferous quartz.
Surface argt. quartz.
95 ozs. C.
20 ozs.
1400 feet claim. Handful of dirt from surface,
panned from tin plate, yields $1.50.
6
5
12
4
:i8
16
48
Galena, zinc -blende and
sulphurets.
Argent, quartz, sulph. of
silver, copper, iron, zinc
and lead.
Argt. and aurifer. quartz.
with galena, copper and
iron pyrites.
Argt. quartz, with galena.
$1093 to
$1214.
$80 to $100
100 ozs.
One mile north of Caribo.
One of the best silver mines in the Territory.
Specimens of native gold ; promises well.
Ore vein undefined.
3
5
10
24
Argt. quartz, with copper
pyrites.
Argt. and ajirifer. quartz,
with sulph. of silver.
Argt. quartz, \ "itli sulph.
of galena.
26 ozs.
$318.
S126.
Being actively developed.
Specimens of native silver and gold. Mill re-
turn— price paid by Prof. HUl.
Easy of access.
6
Decomposed argt. galena.
Not developed.
2
Argt. galena, with sulph.
of silver.
Argt. quartz, with sulph.
Promises well.
Crevice undeveloped, but promises well
30
4J^
Copper and silver and coi>-
per pyrite.s and galena.
Auriferous quartz.
$82.
$10 6 C.
Stamp mill.
4
30 ozs.
214
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Location.
■s^
Name of
Name of Lode.
s%
Name of Owner
IMPROVEMENTS,
Summit Co.
Discoverer.
BROADWAY.
Snake Biver
Dist.
1865
Fisher &
Grosclod.
Fisher, et al.
Shaft, 10 ft.
CHRISTIAN.
Peru Dist.
186G
Webster & Co.
Webster & Co.
Shaft, 10 ft.
CHAUTAU-
Snake River
1865
H. M. & W.
H. M. & W.
Shaft, 30 ft.
QUA.
Dist.
Teller.
Teller.
COMSTOCK.
Glazier Mt.,
1860
Dripp.
Boston Silver
Shafting, 200 ft.; 2 cross-cut tun-
Peru Dist.
Mining Associa-
tion.
nels, 100 and 1.50 ft. ; levels and
drifts, over 800 ft.; considerable
stopiug.
DEXTER.
Peru Dist.
1806
Webster & Co.
W. W. & F. E.
Webster.
Shaft, 15 ft.
GRAND
Glazier Mt.,
1866
Guibor, Harring-
Cincinnati Min-
Shaft, 12 ft.
TURK.
Snake River
Dist.
ton & Co.
ing Co.
GEORGE T.
Glazier Mt.,
1866
A. Guibor.
Boston & Cincin-
Shaft, 18 ft ; tunnel on lode, 28 ft.
CLARK.
Snake River
Dist.
nati Mining Co.
HOG BACK.
Peru Dist.
1869
S. Ware.
S. Ware.
Shaft, 10 ft.
HARRING-
TON.
Snake River
Dist.
1865
Cbas. Fix.
Harrington &
Fix.
Shaft, 12 ft.
LA PLATA.
Snake River.
1865
Chas. Fix.
II. C. Harrington
and Cbas. Fix.
Drift on lode, 20 ft.
MOUNTAIN
PRIDE.
Peru Dist.
ISCO
Webster & Co.
Webster & Co.
Shaft, 12 ft.
PARK.
Snake Biver
Dist.
1865
Fisher k
Grosclod,
Fisher, et al.
POLLOCK.
Peru Dist.
1866
Webster & Co.
Webster & Co.
Shaft, 10 ft.
POWELL.
Snake Biver
Dist.
Glazier Mt.,
Peru Dist.
1868
Cbas. Fix.
Fix & Harring-
Shaft, 12 ft.
POTOSI.
1865
Daily & Martin.
ton.
Daily, Martin (c
Shaft, 10ft.; cross-cut tunnel, 250
Hill.
in length, 300 ft. at lode ; drift-
ST. LAW-
RENCE.
Peru Dist.
1868
S. Ware.
S. Ware.
ing. Km ft.
Shaft, lU It.
SUKEY.
Snake River
Dist.
Snake River.
1864
LjTich & Pratt.
Sukey Mining
Shafting, 55 ft.; tunnel on lode,
WALKER.
1865
F. Walker.
Co.
Huyett & Fix.
260 ft.
Tunnel on lode, 150 ft.
WOODCHUCK
Snake River.
1866
Huyett & Fix.
Huyett & Fix.
Shaft, 12 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
2U
SUMMIT COUNTY.
g
1
Character of Ore.
Assaj',
Mill
REMARKS.
p
o
Per Ton.
Return.
iu
IjT
;
Crevice undefined.
1
Argentiferous quartz.
6
4
Galena, zinc-blende with
sulphurets.
§25 to $936
4to 5
24
Argt. quartz and galena,
3.5 to 100
Ore from this lode is delivered at the reduction
sulph. of barjta, gray
ozs.
works, at the base of the mountains — a dis-
copper and zinc-blende ;
tance of over 1.000 feet — by a wooden tram-
silver bearing.
way, at an expense of not over 20 cents a ton.
This is one of the best opened mines in Colo-
rado, and ore can be taken from it, in any de-
sired quantity, at small expense.
^'A
9
Argentiferous galena.
70 ozs.
Easy of access.
4
6
Argt. galena, with heavy
spar and iron.
$54.
A good road nearly to the mine.
^14
Galena and black sulph.
S327.
150 feet east of the Grand Turk lode, and be-
of silver.
lieved to be an extension of the famous Corn-
stock mine.
5
24
Iron and copper pyr. with
galena and argt. quartz.
Promises well.
3
Argt. quartz and galena.
This lode is near the La Plata, and is not fully
developed.
5
Argft. galena, with copper
and iron pyr.
;196.
3 or 4 seams of ore, from 1 to 6 inches, dis-
tributed throughout crevice material. In
the neighborhood of good water-power.
IJ^
Ti
Sulphurets, with galena.
50 ozs. to
SloOO.
Easy of access.
Undeveloped.
1J4
Argentiferous quartz.
3
Aur. quartz, with galena.
Easy of access, and ne;ir La Plata and Harring
ton lodes.
26
Argentiferous galena.
.?.500 to
S2000.
4
12
Galena, baryta and sulph.
of copper.
Promises well.
5y^
lOto
Argentiferous galena.
8
:j6
4 to
Argt. galena, with sulph.
200 to 1500
$200 to
8 tons of ore taken from this lode yielded $-100
4to6
1-2
4 to
Argt. quartz, with ruby
ozs.
GOO to 3000
$700.
per ton. , , , ,
This is a vein of unusual strength and richness.
8
silver and gray copper.
ozs.
216
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES, LAKE CO.
Location,
Assay,
Locatiou,
Assay,
Name of Lode.
Name of Lode.
Lake Countj-.
Per Ton.
Lake County.
Per Ton.
ASSOCIATE.
Red Mt. Dist.
HANNIBAL.
Red Mt. Dist.
$146 81
ARGOSA.
Red Mt.
$121 44
INDIANA.
Red Mt.
104 01
AGNES.
Red Mt.
59 05
INDIAN.
Red Mt.
BATCHELDER.
Red Mt.
152 37
JENNIE B.
Red Mt.
96 9»
BOMB-SHELL.
Red Mt.
190 34
KENTUCKY.
RedMt.
BOBTAIL.
Red Mt.
121 74
KATE JOHNSTON.
Red Mt.
BRUIN.
Red Mt.
149 76
LIZZIE.
Red Mt.
BROWN.
Red Mt.
174 85
LAKE VIEW.
RedMt.
CHIMBORAZO.
Red Mt.
2G9 63
LEVIATHAN.
Red Mt.
188 14 '
CHAMPION.
Red Mt.
MISSOURI.
Red Mt.
CORNUCOPIA.
Red Mt.
93 38
MARY.
Red Mt.
1
CHRISTISON.
Red Mt.
132 37
METROPOLITAN.
Red Mt.
108 39
CAVE.
Red Mt.
98 12
Mchenry.
Red Mt.
170 71
CROWS NEST.
Red Mt.
114 72
MASSACHUSETTS.
Red Mt.
CRCESUS.
Red Mt.
128 44
MINT DROP.
RedMt.
176 2;i
COOPER.
Red Mt.
87 35
MARTIN.
Red Mt.
109 VO
CAMP CREEK.
Red Mt.
NEVADA.
Red Mt.
92 09
COM STOCK.
Red Mt.
NE PLUS ULTRA.
Red Mt.
DIOGENES.
Red Mt.
ORIENT.
RedMt.
73 92
EAGLE'S NEST.
Red Mt.
88 71
ORO BELLE.
Red Mt.
ECLIPSE. '
1
Red Mt.
94 24
POTOMAC.
Red Mt.
67 7»
FLYING CLOUD-
Red Mt.
PIONEER.
Red Mt.
FILLMORE.
Red Mt.
118 63
QUANDARY.
RedMt.
FALLS EXTENSION. 1
Red Mt.
ROB ROY.
RedMt.
FALLS.
1
Red Mt.
92 44
RAMAGE.
Red Mt.
128 82 1
GUSTAVUS. 1
Hed Mt.
123 16
SNOW STORM.
Red Mt.
GRAY EAGLE. '
1
Red Mt.
140 80
SOCRATES.
Red Mt.
134 33 1
GREAT MOGUL.
1
Red Mt.
85 75
SONTAG.
Red Mt.
275 18
GROUND SLUICE. '
Red Mt.
177 53
SIERRA ALTO.
RedMt.
176 46 1
GRAMPIAN. i
Red Mt.
1
UTE.
RedMt.
154 19
GREAT ONTARIO. 1
j
Red 5It.
97 20
VULCAN.
Red Mt.
HUGHES. 1
Red Mt.
162 65
VERNON.
Red Mt.
HIDALGO.
Red Mt.
WILLIAM.
RedMt.
92 87
HERCULES. '
Red Mt.
155 84
WINTZ.
Red Mt.
125 29
HILL-SIDE.
Red Mt.
177 53
WM. TELL. '
Rod Mt.
97 57
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 217
MISCELLANEOUS MINES.
In order that o«r list of lodes may be as complete as possible, we append
the following miscellaneous descriptions. The data concerning some of
these was received too late for regular insertion. In other cases important
additional statistics were expected, which either did not reach us at all, or
came too late for appearance in regular order; and, in a few instances, we
wished to publish a more complete history of mines and their improvements,
than could be condensed in our tabular form of description.
Prominent among the latter class is the great silver mine of Grand
Island district, Boulder county, the Caribou. This lode is not only one of
the most valuable silver mines in Colorado, but among the richest ever
discovered in America, and, when fully developed and worked to its full
capacity, will not only enrich all of its proprietors, but add largely to the
material wealth of the Territory. The discoverers of this lode were prac-
tical miners and prospecters, and took active measures toward the devel-
opment of the property, which they considered valuable from the first.
Although the district, at the time of the discovery of the lode, was but
sparsely settled, comparatively unknown, and remote from any town or depot
of supplies, work was pushed forward on the mine, energetically, by the orig-
inal Caribou company, which was composed of the following members:
William J. Martin, Greorge Lyttle, Hugh McCammeron, John H. Pickle
and Samuel Conger. The latter soon sold his interest to the others, who
still constitute the company.
As a result of their labors the lode was opened, by a shaft, to the depth
of seventy feet. The existence of a well defined crevice, five feet in width,
between good walls of horn-blendic granite, with an ore vein varying from
two or three to thirty-six inches, was fully established, and the contents of
this crevice and ore vein proved to be unusually rich in silver ores. The
entire contents of the crevice assay from $109.73 to $16,498.95, and are com-
posed of true argentiferous quartz, sulphurets of silver, and sulphurets of
silver and antimony (silver glance and brittle silver), sulphurets of copper,
small quantities of sulphurets of lead, and minute particles of chloride of
silver, with specimens of native leaf silver. The percentage of copper in
the ore, according to an analysis by Prof Burlingame, is about 8fo per
cent. When the shaft was sunk to a depth of fifteen feet, the contents of
the ore vein were assayed by Prof Hill, of Black Hawk, and found to contain
470 ounces of silver to the ton of 2,000 pounds, and the enormous sum of
$13,000 was offered by the professor for one ton of first-class ore from this
vein. Five assays from ore taken from the vein, at a depth of thirty ieet,
show the following remarkable returns, $109.73, $111.48, $207.35, $1,487.20,
and $16,498.95. Three assays, made by Chas. E. Sherman, from ore taken
out at a depth of from eighty to ninety feet, gave the following returns,
$145.57, $634.53, $1,054.48. These were made from the average contents
of the ore vein.
2]^ 8 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
In September, 1870, the Caribou company made a sale of the west-half
of the lode to A. J). Breed, of Cincinnati, lor a considerable sum of money.
As soon as Mr. Breed made the purchase, he placed the property in charge
of B 0. Cutter, a mining captiiin of large experience in the management of
silve rmines, and a most energetic and efficient business man. Mr. Cutter,
haviu<'- at his disposal all requisite means, commenced active operations on a
lar<-e scale, and has the mine opened extensively, and is prepared to take any
desired quantity of ore, varying in value from 8100 to 82,000 per ton, from
this inexhaustible supply. At present there are no reduction works for the
treatment of silver ores nearer the mines than Prof. Hill's works at Black
Hawk, and as the cost of transporting a ton of ore from the mines to the
works 'averages at least 810, the mine will not be worked to itsfuU capacity
until contemplated reduction works are erected nearer the mines. Never-
theless, the amount of quartz taken out, daily, is large, and exceedingly
remunerative to the owners of the property. We have no statistics of the
full amount of ore taken from the mine, but know the amount to be large, as
over fifty men have been constantly at work, the greater portion of this
number on the west-half, under tlie efficient management of B. O. Cutter.
The direction of this great fissure in the country rock, the contents of which
are so immensely rich, is that usual to the true fissures of the mining districts
of Colorado, northeast and southwest, and its trend about 1S°. Its location
is on Caribou mountain, about one and a half miles from the summit of the
main range and the region of eternal snow, a few hundred ieet from the city
of Caribou, and about eighteen miles from Central, in Gilpin county.
When its value was fully established, much attention was attracted to the
district, and prospecters swarmed the surrounding mountains and ravines.
Many of these have made discoveries of other silver lodes in the neighbor-
hood, which promise well; and, altogether, the prospects of Grand Island
district and Caribou City look favorable.
Another silver mine, worthy of more than usual notice, from which we
have full statistics, owing to the courtesy of its able superintendent, Prof
R. 0. Old, is the Terrible lode, on Brown and Sherman mountains, near
Georgetown, Clear Creek county. The portion of the mine from which we
have statements, is that owned by the Colorado Terrible Lode Mining Co.,
English capitalists. We quote from Prof. Old :
" When our company purchased and took charge of the present property,
viz:^ 1.100 feet, there had been sunk a main shaft, 251 feet deep; an a"ir
shaft, o6 feet deep, three sets of levels commenced and run, airgre«ratiug. in
their length east, 270 feet, and west, 294 feet, and 53 fathoms of ground
stoped out in what is still the Clark Mining Co.'s property (500 feet) east,
and 170 fathoms west. The yield of the mine, to date of ownership by our
company, had been, from 401 fathoms of ground worked (including shafts,
levels and stopes), about $150,000.
''Since my management (April 11th, last), the following are the facts:
ii.xtension of first, second and third level drifts beyond former head-
ings, 10 a feet, 13U feet, and 200 J feet, respectively, amounting to 79
iathoms of ground. ' i- J ' o
, 1 K?].'^!''^' ^'^^'^^^^e 47 i feet, and a part of another, 26 feet, amounting
to 15^ fathoms of ground. > » o
"Stoping in first level, 79| fathoms.
'•Stoping in second level. 50^ fathoms.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 219
" Sloping in third level (No. 1 stope), 422 fathoms, and (No. 2 stope), 9
fathoms.
" Total of ground worked out since the purcnase oy our company, 276
fathoms.
"We have car tracks and trip plats in each leve.. The tracks, respect-
ively, are 249i feet, 255^ feet, and 228J feet.
"Our ladder ways are perfect and safe, and comprise 120 feet in the old
workings of Clark & Crow, and 224 feet in those of our company.
"The yield of the Terrible company's portion of the lode, since Api'il 1,
to December 31, 1870, has been, of first-class ore, 189,606 pounds, or 94
tons, 1,606 pounds, ranging, in value, from 319 ounces to 5)57 ounces of
silver per ton — American assay — the English assay making a difference in
favor of the ore of from 6 ounces to 50 ounces silver per ton, 2,000 pounds,
the long ton, as it is called, returning 386 ounces to 630 ounces.
"Of second-class ore, the yield has been 148 tons, 1,070 pounds (all
treated by the Stewart Silver lleducing Co.), assaying in bulk from 90
ounces to 172^ ounces of silver per ton, of which 80 per cent, was returned
in fine bullion.
"Of third-class ore, the yield has been about 290 tons, of which 771
tons only has been treated, assaying, the concentrated, 115 ounces silver per
ton, and as mined, 51 ounces.
"The ore in our mine increases, in per ton value, as depth is obtained,
but not in quantity, as usually expected. The mineral in our third level is
of twice the value that mined in our first. Our working force, in and out
of the mine, is thirty-six hands, which includes our force in the tunnel.
"Our tunnel is, at present, in 276^ feet, with about 68 feet yet to run.
Its point of reaching the lode is 221 feet west of the main shaft, at about
300 feet below the surface. The rock is a hard, syenite granite, in which we
are only enabled to make an average of four feet per week. Are expecting
to reach the Terrible about the 1st of May next, by which time we pro-
pose to have our suspension wire-way up and ready for transporting the ore
of the whole mine coming through the tunnel to the foot of the mountain."
The Federal lode, Griffith mountain, Griffith district, Clear Creek county,
owned by Messrs. Stowell, Cox, Barrett and Lusk, carries ores of unusual
richness and purity. Through the courtesy of one of the proprietors, G. W.
Barrett, an experienced miner, we had an opportunity to examine ore from
this vein, and found specimens of true argentiferous quartz and pure crys-
talized sulphurets of silver (silver glance) peculiarly rich and beautiful, and
from facts presented to us, which are illustrated by the following figures, the
existence of considerable quantities of such ore in the vein is proven clearly.
The lowest assay, obtained from the contents of crevice, was $124; the high-
est, §30,000 per ton of 2,000 pounds. First-class ore averages about $800
per ton. One ton, first-class ore, shipped to Newark, N. J., assayed $2,250.
We examined an assay certificate, dated September 25, 1809, made by Chas,
A. Martine, of Georgetown, which represented the average value of one ton
of ore at $1,730.40. As an evidence that the mine produces considerable
quantities of ore of this high grade, we give the following positive assertion
of the proprietors that the labor of two men, during the last sis months, has
yielded to the proprietors a net earning of $10,000. This lode is near the
summit of Griffith mountain, about 2.000 feet above the valley, and is
reached by a good trail.
220 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
We examined specimens of pure crystalized sulphuret of silver (silver
elance) and true argentiferous quartz in the fall of 1870, taken in consid-
erable quantities from the Ni Wot lode, the property of the Wyoming
Silver Mining Co., of Colorado, of which G. L. Sites is agent and manager.
The specimens were from an ore vein, thirteen inches in thickness, in a
three feet crevice, about 100 feet from the surface. We examined an assay
certificate from first-class specimens, which presented the following high
ficrures $22 077.90 coin per ton of 2,000 pounds. Mr. Sites believes that
se^veral' inches of this ore vein will yield ore worth $10,000 per ton. This
mine is being fully developed by shafting and tunnels 3 is easy of access, and
valuable property. . . o 1 -d j
We regret our inability to give complete statistics from the Urown and
Coin lodesfthe property of the Brown Mining Co., and among the most val-
uable lodes in Griffith district. They are located near each other, on the
Brown mountain, below the Terrible lode, and a few hundred feet above the
Brown Reduction Works, also the property of this company. These lodes are
fully developed by shafts, drifts, levels and tunnels, and are yielding largely
of ore extremely rich in silver, and with characteristics similar to that of
Terrible lode. The ore from these mines is transported to the reduction
works by means of a suspension wire tram-way and suitable appurtenances,
and every facility for successful and skillful mining operations is at hand.
The property is under the immediate charge of J. W. Watson, one of the
most experienced mining captains and prospecters of the Territory, and a
thoroughly practical and efficient business man.
We have also to regret a paucity of statistics from the Belmont and
International silver mines, in East Argentine district. We visited these
lodes with Prof Dibben, the agent and general manager of the International
Mining Co.'s property, in the fall of 1870, and know them to be well opened,
by shafts and tunnels, and that they yield large quantities of silver ores,
mostly sulphurets of lead, zinc and silver, which are treated successfully at
the International Co.'s Reduction Works. They are among the first discov-
eries of silver lodes in the country, and are located near the summit of the
main range, and near the wagon road which crosses the main range to the
head waters of the Snake river, in Summit county. From the well known
ability of Prof. Dibben, as a metallurgist, mining engineer and practical
miner, we infer the management of this property yields fair returns to the
owners.
Although we have given the New Boston lode, on Democrat mountain,
Griffith district, ample space elsewhere, we will again reter to it on account
of its possessing, in a marked manner, all the important characteristics of a
true fissure vein. The walls are peculiarly well defined, the existence of
"slickenside" on these giving evidence of the motion of the crevice material
and consequent attrition. The mineral contents of this crevice are massive,
dense, and nearly four feet in thickness, and, though not especially rich in
silver, contain over sixty per cent, of lead, and are exhaustless.
In Gilpin county we have failed to obtain recent and complete statistics
from many of the most important lodes, from various causes, which are not
explainable here. Among these, the Bob Tail, one of the oldest and
richest gold mines in the Territory. The location and general history of
this lode is so well known, however, that any information we might give
would only be a repetition of former published statements. This mine is
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 221
located near Central City and Black Hawk, and has been extensively worked
in years gone by, and has yielded fabulous amounts of gold, nearly §3,000.000.
It has several shafts, from 90 to 575 feet in depth; nearly 7,000 feet of levels
and drifts, and considerable surface openings. Its crevice is from four to
ten feet; ore vein from twelve to thirty-six inches. The character of the
ore, auriferous quartz, copper and iron pyrites, gold and silver-bearing. The
mineral ore carries thirty-seven per cent, copper, and is worth, in gold and
silver, from 815 to §200 per ton of 2,000 pounds. From some conflict
between the proprietors of claims, this mine is not being worked extensively,
although it has always yielded large profits to the miner.
The Sudeberg lode, near Nevada and Central, is another prominent mine
from which we have no important statistics. Much litigation, and a personal
difficulty which resulted fatally, has taken place between the owners of this
property and the Prize lode, which intersects it, but we have no data from
which we can give any detailed description of this mine. It has always been
considered valuable mining property, and has been extensively worked.
In Park county, the Orphan Boy and Phillips lodes deserve more than
usual attention, as they are, unquestionably, great fissure veins, carrying vast
quantities of ore of great value. From J. B. Stausell, who worked these
lodes in an early day, when only the crudest means of saving the gold were
available, we learn that the yield, per cord, varied from five ounces to sixteen
ounces gold. Without question, the ores from these mines are extremely
rich, and the mines themselves very valuable property.
While we are aware our list of mines of Colorado is very imperfect, not
from lack of care in gathering data, but from the utter impossibility of
obtaining statistics from a large amount of valuable property, still we have
given the "local habitation and the name" of a sufficient number of lodes to
prove, beyond question, the existence of innumerable true fissure veins in
the mining districts of Colorado. In the following chapter, on the character
and treatment of ores, we will illustrate, by statistics, the true value of the
contents of these veins, and define, clearly, the real importance of the mining
interests of the Territory.
A word to capitalists, who are or may be seeking profitable investments
in mining property. Examine for yourselves before you make large invest-
ments. Professional reports of mines, by any of the innumerable professors
who infest the country, may be very learned and equally correct, and in
many cases are both of these; but, again, the professor may be needy, and
mine owners liberal, and golden goggles may so impair the vision of the
professor that imperfections in the mining property examined might not be
visible, and of course could not be embraced in the report. Beware, also,
of "extensions" of all the great lodes of the country. " Extensions" of the
Gregory and Bob Tail lodes are still marketable mining property in Chicago,
although these same are located many miles from the discovery shafts on
either of the above mines.
In our next issue of this work we will be enabled to make our descrip-
tion of mines more comprehensive and complete. We consider our present
efforts the initial steps toward the publication of thorough statistics of the
mines of Colorado.
222
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode. Location.
BURROUGHS.
RYAN.
SIR WILLIAM
EASTERN.
FOLGER,No.3
ROOLS CO.
DQIICK.
HENDERSON
U. S. TREAS-
URER, No. 2.
NEW TEAR.
GLENDORE.
111. Cen. Dist. 11869
BRICK
POMEROV.
LEAVEN-
WORTH.
CALIFORNIA Nevada Dist.
Gilpin Co.
Nevada Dist.
Eureka Dist.
Silver Hill.
Eureka Dist.
Mountain
House Dist.
Russell Dist.
Russell.
Central Dist.
Russell Dist.
Name of
Discoverer.
Name of 0^*Tier.
Benj. Burroughs. Ophir Gold >Iin.
I Co. llardesty
I Bros., et al.
Thos. Ryan, e<a7. Tlios. Ryan,
I J. G. Mabaney,
I (tal.
J. H. Applebury. J. H. Appleburj. Shaft, 30 ft.
James Connor, James Connor, Shaft, Go fl.
\ etal. \ ttal.
Several shnfts from 2fW to 600 ft.
in depth, with large uuiouut of
drifting.
Shaft, on discovery, 40 ft.; drift,
33 ft.
1864 1 Valentine*
Archibald.
1860
1860 C. A. Dimick.
1860 ;H. Henderson,
ISGoHnrley 4
1 Haycocks.
1864 Richard Irwin.
i
IS6S1E. L. Dwen.
Valentine k
I .Archibald.
Ilardesty Bros.
Dimick k Bro. Shafting, 90 ft.
H. M. Thomas, ! Shaft, 67 ft.
etal. I
Stapleton, Rvan. Well developed.
I etal
HI. Cen.
FRENCH.
SUDEBERG.
TTSCARORA.
GRAY ROCK.
ST. LOUIS.
OHIO.
BURR.
CHAS. H.
MAR.
FLORA
McLAIN.
CASHIER.
BROWN.
CRESCENT.
1859
1859
Quartz Hill, 1859
Russell Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Eureka Dist.
Russell Dist.
Eureka Dist.
Nevada Dist.
Clbab Creek.
Queen Dist.
Griffith Dist.
Griffith.
Sherman Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
Brown Mt.,
Griffith Dist.
j Griffith Dist.
1869
.1864
1859
1864
1867
1863
1867
1866
Harsh Bros.
Hutchinson.
F. Temence.
Mr. Baker.
Burr k Richards.
C. H. Mar
Jacobs k Co.
J. Kalbeugh,
et al.
Stiles k Rigsby.
La Haye k
Rosseau.
Harsh Bros.
Shaft, 120 ft.; drift, CO ft.
i Shaft, 10 ft.
Stalker, Honpe 4 ' Shafting, over 1.200 ft.; 9 drifts.
Harper. from 100 to 300 ft.
T. G. Howard,
etal.
V,-. W. Wipht-
man, et al.
Merchants and
Mechanics Co.
of Baltimore.
Merchants and
Mechanics Co.
of Baltimore.
Merchants and
Mechanics Co.
of Baltimore.
Cashier Silver
Mining Co.,
Boston, west J^
C. A. Hoyt, agt.
Brown Min. Co.,
J. W. Watson,
.\gent.
Stiles & Rigsby,
and Crescent
Mining Co.
Shafting, 210 ft.
Shaft, 22 ft.
Shaft, 14 fL, and drifts along the
surface.
One shaft, 55 ft. ; 2 shafts, 10 to 20
feet.
Shafting, 200 ft.; drifting, 200 ft. ;
considerable sloping.
Completely developed by shafting,
drifting and tunnel.
Shaft, 30 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
99C»
MISCELLANEOUS.
<c
c
Assav, 1 Mill
'>
>
Character of Ores.
REMARKS.
o
Per Ton. Return.
Ft.
In"
]
4
24 to
Aur. quartz, with copper
$14toS125
SlOO to One of the best lodes in the Territory,
30
and iron pyrites; gold
bearing.
S500 C.
•iVi
16
Aur. quartz, with copper
and iron pyrites ; gold
bearing.
J87 C.
Easy of access.
24
Gold bearing.
Not working.
3
Argentiferous and aurif-
erous quartz and iron
pyrites.
4
■M 1 Auriferous quartz, surface
$100 c.
copper and iron pyrites ;
gold bearing.
7
!0to
Argentiferous and aurif.
$60 to
Easy of access.
20
quartz, with carbonates
of lead and galena.
$1000.
4
Argentiferous galena.
$25 to $40
Easy of access.
6
24
Aur. quartz, and sulph.
of iron and copper ; gold
bearing.
$250,
6 ozs.
Stamp mill.
2 to :,
Gold and silver bearing.
5 to 7 ozs.
W. Dwen, working owner.
G.; 60 to
75 ozs. S.
2J^
4 ozs. C.
••i
4 to 10
ozs. C.
3 to 12
ISto
CoDDer and iron pyrites.
4 ozs. C.
Has produced over $"50,000 coin. " Cap," from
6U 1 zinc-blende and arseu-
150 to 175 feet, has been penetrated, and the
ical copner ; gold bear-
mine is in complete working order and pay-
ing.
ing largely. One of the best gold mines in
Colorado.
See Nimrod. This lode will be fully worked
during the coming summer.
Gold bearing.
«80tO$100
8 ozs. C.
$110.
$200.
3
Dcomposed quartz.
Very little value.
3
48 ' Argentiferous galena with
I copper and iron pyrites.
S48.
iVO per cent. lead.
i
*}■■!
10
Argentiferous galena with
iron pyrites and sulph.
5168 S.
20 to 35 per cent. lead. Select specimens sul-
\ phuret ore assay nearly S2,000. Blacksmith
i
.■^to
of silver.
Argentiferous galena, py-
$50 to
shop.
$50 to |The surface improvements of the C;ishier Silver
Id
rites, brittle silver, gray
copper, and specimens
of native silver.
S13,U00.
^50.
Mining Co. are a shatt ana wiiim-iiouse, a
blacksmith shop, and a barn and boarding
house. The ladder-ways, timbering of shafts,
and all improvements are first-class. No
statistics from east half
4
ISto Argentiferous gal., zinc-
•>G blende, chloride and
bromide of silver.
300 to 1200
ozs.
100 to
600 ozs.
A suspension wire tram-way transports ores
from the mine to the Brown reduction works.
2
t to Argentiferous quartz,with 300 to 5600
From select specimens.
1(1
pure sulphurets.
ozs.
224
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DESCRIPTION OF MINES,
Name of Lode.
Location.
o S
Si
Name of
Discoverer.
Name of Owner.
niPROVEMENTS.
Clear Creek.
CRISIS.
CouNTir.
1863
H. M. Thomas.
Dr. A. M. Noxou.
Shaft, 30 ft. .1
FEDERAL.
Griffith Dist.
1868
Stowel, Cox, et al.
Stowel.Cox, e<a;.
Shaft, 50 ft. ; tunnel on lode.
CARONPO-
Idaho Dist.
1865
Sam. S. Davidson
Shaft, 80 ft.
BALDWIN &
East slope of
1866
W. F. Kelso.
Shaft, 10 ft.
HUFF.
Irwin's Peak.
HUMBOLDT.
1862
Humboldt
Mining Co.
GRIFFITH.
Griffith Dist.
1859
Geo. F. Griffith.
Fully developed. Iron tram-way
for conveying ore to ba.se of
mountain.
FOUNTAIN
Brown Mt.,
1867
J. M.Smith, Geo.
S. W. Clark.
Shaft, 20 ft.
SILVER
Griffith Dist.
Graves, B. F.
MINE.
Wadsworth.
HYENA.
Slierraan Mt.,
1870
Campbell &
F. A. Dudgeon,
Slmft, 10 ft.
Griffith Dist.
Dudgeon, et al.
Campbell, et al.
Park Co.
ORPHAN BOY
Mosquito Dist.
N. AV. Webber,
J. W. Smith, H.
12 shafts, from 30 to 150 ft.; drift
H. W. Dnrsett &
P. Newlin, Soutli
ing, WKJ ft. ; surface openings
Shepherd.
Park Gold Min-
ing Co.
defining crevice, over 2,Cu(J ft.
PRESTON.
Buckskin Dist.
1863
H. P. Newlin.
H. P. Newlin,
etal.
5 shafts, from 20 to 90 ft.; drifting,
50 ft.
"WHALE.
Jefferson Co.
1866
Dr. Joseph
McCord.
Dr. Joseph
McCord.
Tunnel, 30 ft.
PARTRIDGE.
Independent
1867
F. P. Butler.
J. W. Partridge.
Shaft, 22 ft.
Dist.
W. A.&G.Rund
and F. P. Butler.
RAND.
Independent.
Lake Co.
1869
Wm. A. Rand.
J. W. Partridge,
W. A.iG. Rand
and F. P. Butler.
Shaft, 20 ft.
DOUSER.
Granite Dist.
1868
Niagara Mining
Shaft, 50 ft.
FERRE
VIETA.
MONARCH.
Granite.
Granite.
1868
1868
Co. own 14
Niagara Mi'iiing
Co. own i<
Niagara Mining
Co. own west }/^
Niagara Min. Co.
Shaft, 60 ft.
Shaft, 60 ft., and well timbered
SPONDULICS.
Granite.
1868
Shaft, 120 ft.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
225
MISCELLANEOUS— (7o«^mM6d
o
>
g
Character of Ore.
Assay,
Per Ton.
Mill
Return.
REMARKS.
Ft.
In.
5 to 6
4
6
15
6 to
20
Copper and iron pyrites,
■with galena and silver;
silver and gold bearing.
True sulph. of silver, with
argentiferous quartz.
Pyrites of iron, silver, cop-
per and zinc.
Argentiferous galena and
sulphurets of silver.
S37T.
$800.
$45 T.
Near wagon road.
Result from one ton of ore, $1,730.42.
Promises well.
One of the first discovered, and largest silver
mines in the district.
4
4
»;ito
"3
6
Black sulphurets and ga-
lena with native and
brittle silver mixed.
Argentiferous galena,with
sulphurets.
$500 to
$5000.
120 ozs.
80 rods west of the celebrated Brown and Coin
lode* — supposed to be an extension of the
latter.
Is easy of access, and promises well.
4 to 16
Iron and copper pyrites;
gold bearing, with sil-
ver.
Ore distributed through entire contents of
crevice.
10
15 to
30
Argentiferous galena.
$35 to
$1500.
$60 to $70.
$200 C.
Mineral distribution through entire contents of
crevice. Near town of Buckskin. Good
wagon road to lode.
65 per cent, lead ; easy of access. Near the best
pass known across the main range.
16
108
Gray copper and brittle
silver
$200.
Assays 60 per cent, copper.
16
15
24
16
Gray copper and brittle
silver.
An extension of the Partridge. This and the
Partridge are extremely rich lodes. Prof.
Hill speaks in the highest terms of this ore ;
says they furnish their own flux. First, con-
sidered copper lodes, but soon developed rich-
ness in silver.
16
226 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
CHARACTER, TREATMENT AND VALUE OF ORES.
The scope of this work will not admit of any exhaustive or learned dis-
quisition on these subjects, but a brief notice of the marked characteristics
of the gold and silver bearing ores of Colorado, descriptions of a few of the
mills, reduction works and processes which have been and still are used with
varied success in the treatment of these, and statistics showing their average
value. 1.1
That these ores are sulphuret ores, that is, chemical combinations of
sulphur with the metals, minerals and other substances that form the con-
tents of gold and silver bearing fissures, is their prominent feature, and one
that has earned for them the title of refractory, obdurate, and other oppro-
brious epithets, and rendered them almost valueless in the estimation of
miners and capitalists, and made them particularly troublesome to metallur-
gists, mineralists and proprietors of new-fangled processes for the reduction
of ores. That sulphur combines chemically with gold, forming a sulphide
of that metal, has been proven beyond question by recent experiments by
Prof. Skey, of the geological survey of New Zealand, and others. Its com-
binations with silver in different quantities, forming sulphurets of silver
(silver glance), sulphurets of silver and antimony (brittle silver, etc.), are
well known. With base metals, found in all gold and silver bearing fissures
in the Territory, it also chemically combines. Its combinations with iron,
iron pyrites, with copper, copper pyrites, with lead, galena, with zinc, zinc-
blende, etc., are all well known to Colorado miners, and form the principal
and noticeable portion of the crevice material — the ore vein of all fissures.
Near the surface, the action of the elements desulphurizes the metals,
and forms oxides of these instead of sulphurets. In such cases the gold, in
gold ores, is in the form of free gold, as an oxide of that metal is unknown,
and is readily attracted by the mercury, and forms an amalgam with that
metal. The result of this is, that surface ores are easily treated by the
simplest process of reduction — the stamp-mill and amalgamation, or the
arrastras — and no chemical reaction or change is required. When the depth
of the deposit prohibits desulphurization and oxidation by the elements, and
the metals and minerals of the ore remain as sulphurets, the necessity for
means of getting rid of the sulphur is apparent. To accomplish this, suc-
cessfully and cheaply, is the chief object of the reducers of ore, and the
great desideratum in our mining districts.
In the earlier days of the history of quartz or lode mining enterprises in
Gilpin and Boulder counties, we have truthful accounts of large yields from
stamp-mills and other simple mechanical means of reducing ores. Even by
the ordinary mode of prospecting, the dirt, or pulverized decomposed quartz
from the surfiice contents of crevices, could be washed in the pan, and yield
good wages to the miner, and to this day, in lodes recently discovered, or
those which have not been worked to any great depth, good yields are
received from stamp-mills and arrastras. But where any great depth is
reached, and ores of the largest assay value are taken out, the return from
the stamps or any mechanical means of reduction, is so trifling, that the
expenses of mining are not realized, and consequently the mine must be
abandoned, when its real value has been established. Of course this condi-
tion ot things has attracted the attention of metallurgists, and all interested
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 227
in the treatment of ores, or in any way engaged in mining operations in
Colorado, and a vast amount of money, and no little expenditure of theoret-
ical knowledge and inventive genius, have been squandered upon various
processes, having for their object the cheap and efficient desulphurization of
ores, or the reduction of these, despite the grasp of the giant monster
sulphur.
A history, however brief, of each and all of these processes, which have
been failures mostly, would fill a volume larger than our present work, and
be of no particular interest to the public generally. That the majority of
experiments have failed, is the simple fact, and that all who have attempted
the introduction of new-fangled processes have met with complete disaster,
is equally true. The debris of these mar the fair outlines of our mountains
and valleys, and impede the swift flow of the rippling waters in our crystal
streams. "Too much learning," and not enough practical knowledge, have
made these experimenters mad, and madmen cannot handle, successfully, as
difficult a subject as the proper means of desulphurizing and reducing the
mineral ores of our great fissure veins.
We make no pretensions to any knowledge of this difficult subject, and
are not going to astonish the miners and mill-men of Colorado with our
infallible, immaculate, back-action, high pressure process of reducing all ores
to gold or silver, in quantities to suit customers, but must believe that the
scientific mineralists and metallurgists of the day, who have made proper
experiments with Colorado ores, will not fail to bring about the desired
object.
That the ores can be successfully treated, has been illustrated by Prof.
Hill, at his reduction works, at Black Hawk, but either from the cupidity
of the proprietor of the establishment, or some imperfection in the mode of
reducing ores, these are not treated cheaply; in fact, low grade ores are
entirely ignored, and only the first-class, or selected specimens, find any favor
in the estimation of the management of this establishment. If we under-
stand Prof Hill's process, it is reverberatory smelting, that is, smelting ores,
combined with the proper fluxes, in a reverberatory furnace, and separating a
"mat," containing copper and the precious metals, from a "slag," containing
silicates of other metals and minerals in the ore. By a skillful selection of
ores and tailings, he has the necessary flux without adding anything. The
operations of reverberatory smelting, are roasting ores in heaps in the open
air, depriving them of a portion of their sulphur, and partially oxidizing
their metals — calcining concentrated tailings in a suitable furnace with simi-
lar results — producing, among other salts, a large amount of iron oxides.
The ores, roasted in heaps, and the calcined tailings are mixed in proper
proportions, and introduced into a smelting furnace, where the iron oxides
combine with the quartz, making a "slag" containing fifty or sixty per cent,
of silicate of iron. The copper, as a sulphate with the gold and silver, enters
into a "mat," which settles below the "slag." The "slag" is drawn from
the furnace every five or six hours, and the "mat," when sufficiently accu-
mulated, is also drawn from the furnace. This "mat" is crushed and sacked
for shipment to Swansea, England, and is estimated to contain $1,0U0, in
gold, per ton of 2,000 pounds; silver, varying in proportion to amount in
the ores treated, and an average of sixty to seventy-five per cent, copper.
That this process has been eminently successful, on the class of ores treated,
is sufficiently exemplified by the immense profits realized by Prof Hill's
228 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
establishment. Whether it will be a success on low grades is still unknown.
Amon- the many processes we have glanced at, we think favorably of Dr.
Phelps' (of Chicago), intended especially for treating the refractory gold-
bearing sulphurets, by oxidation and amalgamation, which bids fair to rival
all competitors for the long coveted honors and emoluments Oxygen and
mercury are the only chemicals used, the former obtained from the atmos-
phere "without money and without price," while the latter is so skillfully
manipulated, that the loss from flowering and imperfect discharge is a mere
trifle, • ,.1 • • 1 • ^ 1
Dr. Phelps does not claim to have discovered any new principle in metal-
lurgy, but he does claim, and we think with the best of grounds, to have
successfully executed and carried out those well known principles, acknowl-
edged to be essential to success, but so difficult of execution as to have defied
many attempts in that direction.
To understand the difficulties involved in the operation of desulphurizing
auriferous pyrites on a large scale, '-with cheapness and despatch," we invite
the scientific reader's attention to the following curious estimate, condensed
from a well written essay by the doctor, entitled "The Theory and Practice
of Desulphurization:"
" The conditions essential to the successful desulphurization and oxida-
tion of the gold-bearing sulphurets, in quantities at all adequate to our wants,
are chiefly the following: Firat — A supply of oxygen sufficient to meet all
the demands of oxidation. Second — A proper and timely regulation of the
heat. Third — The constant agitation of the ore. Fourth — Sufficient time to
perfect the chemical changes involved.
"To show the enormous quantity of air necessary to furni.sh sufficient
oxygen to treat twenty-four tons of ore a day, and hence the difficulties
imposed by the first condition mentioned above, we call the reader's atten-
tion to the following facts and figures :
"Sulphur, as every chemist knows, when burned, consumes an amount
of oxygen equal to its own weight; hence, if we can ascertain the number
of pounds of sulphur contained in a ton of ore, we at the same time deter-
mine the quantity of oxygen necessary to efi'ect its combustion.
"This, of course, cannot be done with absolute correctness, for the reason
that the ores, as delivered at the mills, are never chemically pure, but a suffi-
cient approximation to the truth can be obtained to answer the purpose of
illustration.
"Iron pyrites, the most abundant and the richest, as well as the most
refractory gold-bearing ore of the Rocky Mountain districts, is a bisulphu-
ret, consisting of two equivalents of sulphur and one of iron. Reduced to a
per cent., it contains 53fo of the former and 46,i, of the latter. But, as just
remarked, this ore, as delivered at the mills ready for reduction, is never
pure, but is generally combined with other sulphurets, such as that of copper,
zinc, lead, arsenic or antimony, each of which contains a less proportion of
sulphur than the iron. In addition to these, it is frequently mixed with
quartz and other gangues, containing little or no sulphur in their composi-
tion. Let us assume then, that the ore, ready for the metallurgist, contains
twenty-five per cent., or 500 pounds of sulphur to the ton. Now if it be
necessary to burn, i. e., Oxidize this entire quantity, it follows that 500
pounds of oxygen will be required for the purpose; but, fortunately, such
16 not the case. One equivalent of the sulphur may be expelled by the
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 229
action of heat alone, and without the aid of oxygen — a fact daily demon-
strated in the process of obtaining the sulphur of commerce; a large portion
of which is taken from non-auriferous pyrites, the identical bisulphuret so
richly impregnated with gold in many sections of the United States. In
the process just alluded to, the air is carefully excluded from the furnace,
in order to prevent the formation of sulphurous acid gas, but only one-half of
the sulphur is driven off, and any amount of roasting, with the air excluded,
fails to dislodge the remaining portion.
"So in roasting auriferous pyrites, preparatory to amalgamation, it is
found an easy matter to drive oft" fifty per cent, or more of the sulphur; but
ore, only half desulphurized, is nearly as tenacious of its gold as the raw.
" The fact appears to be that while one equivalent of the sulphur is easily
expelled, the other is held in such close chemical combination with the iron,
that heat alone, however intense and long continued, is insuflBcient to over-
come the affinity, and oxygen must be introduced, in quantity at least equal
to the weight of sulphur, in order to accomplish what the heat has failed to
perform.
" We have already supposed a ton of ore to contain 500 pounds of sul-
phur, and allowing that one-half may be driven off by heat alone, there will
still remain 250 pounds in intimate combination with the iron, requiring 250
pounds of oxygen or 1,250 pounds of air for its combustion. A pound of
air, at the level of the sea (under certain standard conditions of temperature
and dryness), measures 13.29 cubic feet; but at the altitude of most mines,
in the Kocky Mountain districts, a pound will measure at least fifteen cubic
feet. On this hypothesis, 1,250 pounds will measure 18,750 feet, and this
may be set down as the quantity required to burn out the sulphur in one ton
of ore. But this is not the only demand made for oxygen, for the iron, as
previously explained, must be thoroughly oxidized in order to be thoroughly
desulphurized.
" As the proportion of iron is a little less than that of sulphur, let us
assume that 490 pounds is the average quantity to a ton of ore, the conver-
sion of which into a peroxide will require 210 pounds of oxygen or 1,050
pounds of air, measuring 15,750 cubic feet.
"From these data we are able to make the following statements:
Air required to oxidize the sulphur 18,750 cubic feet.
Air required to oxidize the iron 15,750 " "
Total air required for one ton of ore 34,500 " "
Twenty-four tons will therefore require 828,000 " "
"This, be it remembered, is upon the hypothesis that every pound of
oxygen, contained in this quantity of air, is used — no allowance having been
made for loss or waste. In practice, however, only a small portion of the
oxygen can be secured during its transit through the furnace, and an addi-
tional quantity of air, sufficient to make up the loss, must be transmitted or
another "failure" will reward the eftbrts of the disappointed and baffled
metallurgist. Any person watching the operation of roasting ore in any of
the furnaces now in use, will be convinced that not ONE tenth of the oxy-
gen transmitted is secured and appropriated during its transit.
" Now if it be true, as the above facts and figures prove, that ALL the
oxygen contained in 828,000 cubic feet of air is required, it follows, if only
one-tenth is secured, that ten times the above quantity, or 8,280,000 feet
will be required to perfect the work.
230 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
"In order to assist our minds to comprehend this vast quantity, we will
make one more estimate. Let us imagine this number of cubic feet to be
extended in a single straight line; and when we ascertain it would form a
body of" air twelve inches square, and 1,568 miles in length, the thing
beginstoloomupinitstruly giant proportions! ^ , • „
"Enormous as this quantity is, it is probably far short ot what is really
required by many furnaces now in use, owing to the fact that the one great
and essential feature of economy in the use of air is entirely ignored in their
construction. The prevailing practice is to 'save' one pound of oxygen and
suffer ten or more to escape, and after much labor and vexation of spirit, to
wonder why the operation proved a failure ! A far greater wonder would it
have been, had it proved a success.
"A person attempting to melt a ton of pig iron by using only one
BUSHEL of coal, would be considered a fool or a lunatic, yet men of sense
have been trying, for years, to accomplish a similar absurdity, by burning a
ton of sulphur with one or two hundred pounds of oxygen ; whereas^ nothing
less than a ton can accomplish the work. In one respect, such experiments
have been uniformly successful. They have proven, to a demonstration, how
the thing cannot be done.
"There are other conditions essentially necessary to the puccessful man-
agement of this all important part of the work, but none that admit of so
clear a mathematical demonstration as the one I have sought to elucidate.
The truth of the old adage, that there is a right and a wrong way to do
every thing, is strikingly verified in the daily experience of the metallurgist.
The great danger is the production of too intense a degree of heat, while a
considerable portion of the sulphur yet remains, thereby causing a partial
fusion or slagging of the ore. This is particularly liable to occur in those
furnaces in which the ore is roasted in batches, and constant care and labor
are required to heat the ore gradually, with constant stirring, in order to pre-
vent the accident alluded to."
Dr. Phelps has experimented with his process in Colorado, and on Colo-
rado refractory ores, sufficiently to satisfy himself that he can treat all classes
of gold-bearing ores successfully and cheaply, and that mineral ores of the
lowest grade can be reduced, with a fair profit to the miner and reducer.
We sincerely hope, and have reason to believe, that the doctor can accom-
plish all he claiujs, and that the introduction of his furnace, in the Territory,
will revolutionize mining industries.
Messrs. 'Cash & Rockwell, of Central City, have erected works at the
head of Chase gulch, near that city, where they are treating ores and con-
centrated tailings successfully, so Mr. Cash informs us, by a process known
as the Bron Piere, in which chlorine gas is used, and the precious and
base metals reduced to chlorides in solution, and precipitated from these by
chemical action. The only apparent objection to this mode of reducing, is
the expense of acids and salt, and other chemicals necessary; but the pro-
prietors assure us the extra per cent, of the precious metals saved, above
that by all other known processes, more than counterbalances the extra
expense They claim that they only lose from two to five per cent, of the
gold in all ores treated.
In the summer of 1870, works were constructed in Black Hawk, under
the direction of Prof. West, a metallurgist of large experience, and consid-
erable reputation in the Eastern cities. Mr. West constructed appropriate
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 231
furnaces for calcining "tailings" and roasting, and desulphurizing ores, and
a cupola furnace for the final smelting and reduction of these. These works
promised fairly, and, as Mr. West assured the public he could treat low
grades of ore profitably to all concerned, the miners looked forward to the
completion of the works with anxious hope, and trusted a new and brilliant
era was about to dawn upon them; but the works were nearly completed,
when the cupola furnace was charged, and, from some unknown cause (to
us), the process was not a success. Mr. West, however, still is satisfied he
can treat sulphuret ores successfully, and may do so.
We have no space to devote to the Keith, Crosby & Thompson, Mon-
nier, and other processes, which have been miserable and expensive failures,
but will notice the stamp-mills, which have been and will always be used
extensively in treating surface and low grade ores. Every person who has
visited a mining district is familiar with every part of a stamp-mill, and
understands fully their mode of treating ores. To those who have never
been within the limits of a mining country, a brief description of a stamp-
mill may be interesting. The modus ojjerandi of treating ore by stamps is
simply mechanical pulverization, in contact with a large supply of water,
which washes the finely powdered ore over copper plates and "riffles," which
are coated and charged with mercury. The precious metals having a pow-
erful affinity for the mercury, combine, mechanically, with this, forming an
amalgam, and the baser metals, gangue rock and other substances of which
the ore is composed, pass off beyond plates and "riffles," and are known
as " tailings." The amalgam is brushed from the plates, placed in strong
cloth bags, subjected to great pressure, by which all particles of fine mer-
cury are removed, and is then placed in a retort, and sufficient heat applied
to drive off the mercury, which is condensed and caught in a receiver
attached to the retort, and ready for use again. The gold, combined with
such proportions of silver as may have been in the ore, and perhaps a small
per cent, of copper, is then ready for sale, or for further refining, and is
known as "retort gold." The "tailings" containing, besides iron and cop-
per sulphurets, all the way from thirty to eighty per cent of the precious
metals contained in the ore, are ready for further treatment. The most con-
centrated portions of these are placed in arrastras, and pulverized thoroughly
in contact with mercury, and afterwards by washing in dolly tubs, or by
other suitable means are freed from all gangue and foreign substances.
The amalgam is collected and retorted as above. The residue of the " tail-
ings" is washed in "buddies," or in other mechanical contrivances, until the
gangue rock is separated as much as possible from the metals of the ore.
These concentrated "tailings" are then ready for smelting or other process
of reduction, and as they contain a large quantity of iron pyrites, are espe-
cially valuable to those reducing ores by reverberatory smelting. The me-
chanical appurtenances by which these operations are effected are iron stamp
heads, with shafts weighing from 400 to 1,000 pounds. These are sup-
ported upright by suitable frame-work, elevated by steam or water power a
proper distance, and then let fall in a battery, in which the ore is placed.
By proper mechanical appliances a rotary motion is given to these stamps,
and the action on the ore is that of crushing and grinding. Water, in suffi-
cient quantities, is conveyed into this battery, which is enclosed by perfo-
rated metal plates, that admit only of the passage of minute particles. The
battery is a strong iron casting of proper dimensions, and is so constructed
232 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIEECTORY
that ore broken into small fragments, can be fed into it by means of a com-
mon shovel. Mercury is placed in this battery, as well as on the copper
plates and more or less amalgam collects here, which is removed when
"cleaning up" takes place. The action of the stamps pulverizes the ore,
and forces it, in connection with water, through the meshes of the perfo-
rated metal, when it immediately passes over the copper plates, which are
arranged with the proper fall, and from thence over "blankets" or "shaking
tables''" and through "riffles" to its final destination. From the time the
ore is'placed in the battery, until it reaches the heap of " tailings,"^ it is kept
as much as possible in contact with mercury, and every means is used to
favor amalgamation.
The number of stamps used in Colorado mills vary from ten to sixty or
seventy. Each mill has, besides these, different numbers of arrastraa or
amalgamating pans, and other apparatus for pulverizing, amalgamating and
washing. When "cleaning up" takes place, which is about twice a week,
ordinarily, the motion of the machinery is stopped, and the amalgam col-
lected is gathered from the battery, brushed from the plates, and collected
from the "riffles;" new charges of mercury are properly applied, and the
work goes on again.
There is a diversity of opinion among mill-men concerning the proper
weight of stamps, and the rapidity of their fall; some maintaining that the
heavy stamp and slow drop are the most favorable, and others that the light
stamp and rapid fall are most advantageous. We believe the best authority
is in favor of the light stamp and rapid fall. The " blanket," referred to
above, is a heavy woolen fabric, so placed that the washings from the battery
pass over it after leaving the coppers. It is claimed that particles of the pre-
cious metals are caught and retained in the meshes of the cloth, which is
washed out by hand usually. We noticed in the fall of 1867, in the Mon-
tana mills, at Central, a patent contrivance, invented by Messrs. Douglas &
Smith, lessees of the mill at that time, by which the " blankets" were washed
automatically, thereby saving the labor of the men necessary for "blanket"
washing (two every twenty-four hours'), and doing the work much more
thoroughly. These gentlemen are practical miners of large experience, and
they assure us their invention answers admirably. It is so simple that it
can be applied to any stamp-mill at trifling expense, and should have a fair
trial in every one.
The loss of mercury in the stamp-mill process is quite small. We have
no figures giving the exact per cent. This much for the operations of
stamp-mills. Their usefulness is admitted by all, although it is well known
that they save only a small per cent, of the precious metals in mineral ores,
and perhaps not more than sixty per cent, from the best surface quartz.
They, however, pulverize thoroughly, and leave the "tailings" in a most
favorable condition for further treatment, and are, no doubt, the best and
cheapest means for dry pulverization ever adopted in any mining country.
We will refer to this more fully when noticing the treatment of silver
ores.
We give a description of a few of the principal stamp-mills, which were
visited by us in the fall of 1870, with the quantity of ore treated, and the
average returns. Many other mills were in active operation, but we have no
data from these. The following will give a fair idea of the amount of ores
treated by stamp-mills in Gilpin and Clear Creek counties. The price
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 233
charged for crushing a cord by these mills varies from $20 to $35. A cord
of ore measures 128 cubic feet, and weighs from six to ten tons, according
to the density of the ore.
GILPIN COUNTY.
Rough's MiU. — Near Black Hawk; 15 stamps, 500 pounds each; 4 Bar-
tola pans; capacity, 12 cords a week; water power, from Clear creek; 650
feet mill site; working on ore from Smith lode and custom ores. George
Ptough, proprietor.
Smith & Farmelee's Mill. — In Black Hawk; 25 stamps, 600 pounds
each; all first-class apparatus for amalgamating and treating ores by this
process to the best advantage; steam power, 75-horse; substantial building
and out-buildings; the main building covers the discovery shaft of the Greg-
ory extension, and a shaft on the Briggs; the steam power of the mill works
pumps and hoisting apparatus; there was treated at this mill, in 1869, 1,031
cords of ore, of 8 tons each, with a yield of b\ ounces per cord, all from the
Gregory extension and Briggs' lodes; the ore hoisted immediately from the
shafts to the mill. Smith & Parmelee Co., proprietors; B. P. Wells, agent.
Black Hawk Mill. — In Black Hawk; 65 stamps, 40 weighing 1,000
pounds, and 25 weighing 550 pounds; 6 Bartolapans; shaking tables, rotary
buddle, and all first-class appurtenances; steam power, engine, 100-horse;
adjoining this, another mill; 20 stamps, 500 pounds each; water power in
summer, and steam power from the large engine in the Black Hawk mill in
winter; the water supplied from Clear creek, by a flume 600 feet in length;
the wheel, 18 feet overshot; also a mill building, with race 800 feet in
length, with 24 feet fall, known as the Tiger mill; capacity, 50 cords a
week; running on custom ore; average yield, 5 ounces. Black Hawk Gold
Mining Co., proprietor; George E. Congdon, agent.
Hurd Mill. — Black Hawk; 20 stamps, 800 pounds each; 3 Bartola
pans; steam power, 30-horse; leased and run by Mosely & Boylan, on cus-
tom ores; capacity 15 tons weekly. Cyrus Hurd, Jr., proprietor.
Boh Tail Mill. — Black Hawk; 20 stamps, 500 pounds each; 3 Bartola
pans; steam power, 30-horse; all appurtenances complete; running. on cus-
tom ores; from the Burroughs' lodes the yield is 7 and 8 ounces per cord;
averages of ores treated, 5 ounces; this mill was formerly owned by J. F.
Field. H. W. Lake, proprietor.
Keith Mill. — Black Hawk. — This mill was constructed by a company for
the purpose of treating ores by a process known as the Keith process, which
included pulverizing, roasting, leaching, amalgamating, etc., and was not a
success; the building and out-buildings are capacious and substantial; the
parts of the property, besides the building, now valuable, are : 20_ stamps,
500 pounds each, and a superior steam-engine of 75-horse power, in excel-
lent condition; to be used as an ordinary stamp-mill; adjoining the mill, 2
dwelling houses, labratory and stable, etc. E. L. Salsbury, proprietor.
Mead J/i7^.— Black Hawk; 20 stamps, 600 pounds each; 6 Bartola
pans; power, steam and water; engine, 16-horse; water power, a Turbine
wheel. R. W. Mead & Co., proprietors.
HoTbrook i/i7?.— Black Hawk; 15 stamps, 500 pounds each; 2 Bartola
pans; power, steam and water; running on custom ore. R. W. Mead & Co.,
proprietors.
234 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
University i/iY?.— Black Hawk; 15 stamps, 500 pounds each; 1 Bartola
pan; steam power, 20-horse engine; running on custom ore. In charge of
R. W. Mead
Enterprise J/i?^.— Black Hawk; 20 stamps, 500 pounds each; steam
power, 25-horse engine; running on custom ore; building and apparatus in
good condition. J. B. Borham, Samuel and John Mellor, proprietors.
Dickenson iM^.— Black Hawk; 15 stamps, 600 pounds each; 4 Bartola
pans; 2 Frieburg pans; dolly tub and other fixtures complete; steam and
water power; engine, 25-horse power; water power, breast-wheel, 18 feet;
running on custom ore; average, 2i ounces. W. N. Dickenson & Co., pro-
prietors.
Polar Star Mill. — Black Hawk ; owned by Garrott, Buffington & Kim-
ber; was built in 1867, and an addition constructed in 1868, and still fur-
ther enlarged and improved in the fall of 1870; 32 stamps, 435 pounds
each; 8 pans, and improved Chilian mill; steam power, 50-horse engine;
water power, 20 feet overshot wheel; 5 feet face; capacity of mill, 24 cords
weekly; return 3j to 10 ounces per cord. This mill runs constantly; on
custom ores mostly; is in the charge of mill-men of large experience, who
thoroughly understand their business, and is one of the best arranged and
managed stamp-mills in the Territory.
Lexington Mill. — Central; Sullivan & Wheeler, proprietors; John Scud-
der, agent; 24 stamps, 550 pounds each; steam power; in the fall of 1870,
was running on ore from the French and Gunnel lodes, with returns from
3 J to 7 ounces per cord.
Walker's Mill. — Black Hawk; owned by Walker; 18 stamps, 425
pounds each; 6 Bartola pans; 1 Dodge crusher; steam power.
Quartz Hill Co.'s Mill. — Nevada; 12 stamps, 550 pounds each; 2 Bar-
tola pans; steam power; capacity, 7 cords per week.
Neio York Mills. — Black Hawk; M. B. Hays, Central, proprietor; 55
stamps, 550 pounds each; 8 Bartola pans; steam power, 65-horse engine;
water power, 25 feet overshot wheels; the buildings and machinery in every
respect first-class; capacity, 40 tons daily; running in fall of 1870 on Nevada
ores, with an average return of nearly 6 ounces per cord; Mr. Hays' exten-
sive experience as a mill-man ensures good returns from all ores entrusted
to his treatment.
Montana i/i7^.— Central ; owned by Mountain Gold Mining Co.; J. L.
Schellenger, agent; leased in fall of 1870, by Messrs. Douglas & Smith; 30
stamps, 700 pounds each; double issue; 8 pans, dolly tubs, and improved
amalgamating apparatus; steam power; running on custom ore; building
and machinerv, first-class.
_ Eardesty 31ill.~East Nevada; owned by Hardesty Bros.; 18 stamps,
570 pounds each; steam power; 2 Bartola pans; a sood frame building;
mill return from 3 to 11 ounces per cord.
Quartz Valley Mill.— Owner, Joseph Harper; 6 stamps, 550 pounds
each; 2 Bartola pans; steam power; capacity. 5 cords per week.
Whitcomb's JiiYZ.— Nevada; owned by Truman Whitcomb; — stamps,
525 pounds each; (lately added, 10 stamps, California style); capacity, 16
cords per week. j y> f jj
Excelsior JM.— Located two miles below Black Hawk; 2 Bruckner
cylinders; capacity, 10 tons a day; for the treatment of either gold or silver
ores; process, roasting and amalgamatinc^.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 235
Pease's Mill — Vermillion district; 12 stamps, 500 pounds each; 1 Bar-
tola pan; portable 20-horse power engine; the main building is 25x40, with
additions 15x19; this mill is in good running order.
Camp Grove Mill. — Nevada; B. C. Waterman, owner; 32 stamps, 425
pounds each; 75-horse power engine; building substantially constructed of
stone, and all appurtenances complete, and in every way first-class (the steam
power of this mill does the hoisting of the Kansas and Camp Grove lodes,
which are near the mill, and a portion of which belongs to this property) ;
running constantly; one of the best mills in the Territory.
Eureka Mill. — Eureka district; owned by B. C. Waterman; 20 stamps,
525 pounds each; steam power; capacity, 2 cords per day; a first-class mill.
Enterprise Mill. — Nevada; owned by Messrs. Potter & Nolly; 15 stamps,
450 pounds each; 2 Burtola pans; steam power; capacity, 11 tons daily; in
charge of experienced mill-men, and a first-class mill.
Stevens Mill. — Black Hawk; leased by Martin Lewis; 14 stamps, 400
pounds each; 1 Bartola pan; steam power; running on custom ore.
CLEAR CREEK COUNTY.
Montrose J/??/.— Mahanyville, Fall river; owned by J. S. Mahany; 18
stamps, 600 pounds each; 5 six feet Dodge improved pans; 2 sets of water
pipe, for cold water and steam or hot water; boiler of sufficient capacity to
supply hot water and steam; an Andrews' centrifugal pump; complete set
of settling tanks and water vats; the power is superior overshot water wheel,
6j feet breast; the buildings, which enclose the mill and water wheel, are
capacious, substantially constructed of lumber, on solid masonry foundation,
and everyway first-class and complete; connected with this milling property
are dwelling and out-houses, substantially constructed, with suificient room
for all necessary purposes. This property is about 6 miles from Central,
Gilpin county, and 4i miles from Idaho Springs, Clear Creek county, and
comprises, besides the mill and buildings, a large amount of valuable mining
property, mostly undeveloped.
Peck Mill. — North Empire; owned by the Peck Mining Co., of Boston;
12 stamps; Blake crusher and ball pulverizers; Tyndale process.
Whale Mill. — Owned by the Spanish Bar Mining Co.; was erected in
1865, and consists of a main building 80x300 feet, with wings 75 feet in
width; constructed of brick; water power, and also steam engine; capacity,
10 tons a day; for treating gold and silver ores; Bruckner cylinders; leach-
ing and amalgamation.
Phoenix Mill. — Spanish Bar district; Kinkead & Thatch, proprietors; 12
stamps. 500 pounds each, and 2 arrastras; water power; Turbin centre vent;
Thos. H. Thatch in charge.
Stone Mill. — Situated 5 J miles from Idaho Springs; owners, Dr. Rae &
Co.; the process, Rae's electrical, for the reduction of gold and silver ores.
Dr. Rae's process promises well, and, if successful, the lowest grade of ores
can be treated with profit to miner and reducer.
Boi/ State Mill. — Empire; leased by D. J. Ball; 12 stamps; steam
power.
Star Mill. — Empire; owned by Ebenezer Wilson & Co.; 24 stamps, 6
Frieburg pans; steam power.
236 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
SILVER ORES.
These like "■old ores, are also sulphurets of the different metals and min-
erals which, witli gangues of various kinds, make upthe contents of all lodes
in the silver districts. The presence of large quantities of sulphur in these,
of course renders them difficult to treat, and impairs their real value.
In reducing these ores, as well as gold ores, the most important object to
accomplish is a cheap and effectual mode of getting rid of sulphur. When
the ores contain but a small per cent, of galena, the system of saving silver
in Colorado, and perhaps the most effectual yet introduced, is desulphuriza-
tion and amalgamation. When sufficient quantities of lead or iron exist in
the ores, or are available, the process of desulphurization, smelting and cupel-
lation is generally adopted.
Different processes for effecting the above objects have been introduced
in the Territory, with about the same per cent, of failures that have followed
new-fangled systems in the gold districts. Georgetown, as well as Central,
Black Hawk and Nevada, has many ruins of "played out" reduction
works; lofty chimneys — crumbling and unsightly; huge furnaces, whose
fires have been quenched for years, and ponderous machinery — rusted,
broken and worthless. Notwithstanding these, however, reduction work.<,
which accomplish the desired objects with a fair degree of success, are in
active operation, and immense quantities of silver bullion are reduced from
the ores of the district, with good profits to the miners and reducers; and,
upon the whole, the means of treating silver ores in Colorado are more
effectual than those generally available for the treatment of gold.
To the enterprising spirit, energy and capital of Dr. Garrott, now of
Black Hawk, and Dr. Buchanan, of Georgetown, the silver districts aie
indebted for the erection of the first works, in which a well known and good
system of treating silver ores was introduced : crushing and pulverizing, roa.st-
iiig and desulphurization in the Bruckner cylinder, and amalgamation. The
works were built at Georgetown, and are still in active and successful opera-
tion, under the management of Messrs. Palmer & Nichols. Owing probably
to the incompetency of the metallurgist in charge, when the works were first
constructed, they were not, financially, successful while the property of Drs.
Garrott and Buchanan; but, without question, the process is among the
best and most economical yet in use in Colorado.
The Bruckner furnace, or cylinder, consists of a cylinder of boiler iron,
lined with fire-brick, and made to revolve between a fire-box and a flue.
From the fire-box the flame and air pass through a pipe into the cylinder,
and from thence, together with the gasses produced in roasting the ores,
combined with proper quantities of common salt, into the condensing cham-
bers, from whence the vapors escape through smoke stacks. A diaphragm,
made of cast iron pipes, is set at an angle of about 15° to the axis of the
revolution, and extends diagonally through nearly the whole length of the
cylinder. For the purpose of moving the ore from the cooler parts to the
hottest parts of the cylinder, automatically, flanges, set at an angle of about
45 , convey the ore within reach of the diaphragm, which does not extend
the entire length of the cylinder. The mode of working the cylinder is as
tollows: A charge, say of 3,000 pounds of ore, pulverized fine, and from 150
to dUU pounds ot salt, is introduced through a suitable aperture into the cyl-
inder, the mside of which has previously been heated to a red heat. The
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 237
opening is then closed, more fuel added, and the cylinder caused to revolve
at one to one and a half revolutions per minute. The fire is so arranged
that, after an hour's time, the sulphur commences to burn. The ore is kept
all this time at a temperature approaching a red heat. When considerable
portions of the sulphur have been oxidized the temperature is increased to
a bright red heat, which reduces the ore to a pulp. This is continued until
sulphurous fumes no longer escape. The ores are then removed from the
cylinder, cooled and amalgamated.
The same process — dry crushing, desulphurizing by roasting with com-
mon salt, and amalgamating — is adopted in Stewart's works, the most exten-
sive silver reducing works in the Territory, but the roasting is effected in a
reverberatory furnace, instead of a Brtickner cylinder.
At Stewart's works, which are located at Georgetown, the ore is first
crushed by Dodge crushers, dried in a suitable furnace, pulverized by stamps,
transferred to a furnace, where they are roasted with the proper proportions
of common salt, cooled and amalgamated. The capacity of these works in
the fall of 1870, was ten tons daily; but when additions to the works — then
in course of erection — will be completed, twenty tons can be reduced every
twenty-four hours.. The superiority of the stamps for dry pulverization,
over ball pulverizers, Cornish rollers, etc., is well illustrated in Stewart's
works.
Besides the above process, by which most of the first-class silver ore of
the district can be treated profitably, and eighty per cent, of the silver saved,
Mr. Stewart is erecting an Airy furnace, a modification of the Stetefeldt, for
the reduction of ores not readily treated by the ordinary process. When
these works are in every way complete, it is to be hoped low grade ores can
be reduced with profit. At present it does not pay to mine ores in the silver
districts of Clear Creek county, unless they are worth about 8100 per ton.
The average of all the ores reduced at Stewart's works in 1870, exceeded
this considerably. Consequently, only the best grades are milled, and the
balance, which has already been mined, is worthless, unless treated by some
concentrating process which will remove the gangue and worthless portions
of the ore, and so reduce the bulk and concentrate the mineral that it can be
handled profitably. We will hereafter notice more fully this most important
subject — the concentration of low grade ores.
Besides the Stewart Silver Reducing Co.'s works, and those of Palmer,
Nichols & Co., at Georgetown, there are, in this part of Clear Creek county,
Brown's Reduction Works, at Brownville, ahout four miles from George-
town; the Baker Works, at Bakerville, about eight miles above George-
town ; the International Co.'s Works, in East Argentine district, and the
Swansea Reduction Works, owned by Collom & Co., about four miles below
Georgetown, on Clear creek. At the latter, both gold and silver ores are
reduced
At the Brown Co. Reduction Works, the process is : crushing the ores
by stamps with water, concentration by " buddelling," desulphurization by
roasting in a suitable furnace, from which they are removed to a smelting
furnace, mixed with the proper portions of lead and iron, the silver and lead
drawn from the furnace in the form of lead " riches," and the silver separated
from the lead by cupellation. The largest cupel furnace in the Territory
is at these works, and silver "buttons," weighing several hundred pounds
each, are produced weekly. The ores reduced at these works are mostly
238 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
from the Browa and Coin lodes, and we believe the returns from the works
make the operations of the mine profitable, notwithstanding the expense ol
purchasing lead and iron, which do not exist in sufficient quantities in the
ore to make the process practicable. .„ . , , . , ,
The process at the Baker Co.'s Mill, at Bakerville, is dry crushing, desul-
phurization by roasting the ores with salt in the Bruckner cylinder, and
amalgamation. The present capacity, about twelve tons a day, with steam
power and building capacity sufficient to double this, with the addition of
more cylinders and amalgamating apparatus. This mill reduced, in IST'i.
550 tons of ore from the Baker mine, which yielded $34,000. It is als >
eno-aged on ores from the Stephens' mine, with returns profitable to the
owners of that valuable property.
The International Mill is also chlorination and amalgamation, dry crush-
ino- by jaw crushers and ball pulverizers, roasting in Bruckner cylinders
with salt, and amalgamation. During three months in the fall of 1870, ll^l
tons of ore from the Belmont and International lodes were treated, with tli''
following returns: Bullion produced 7,154 ounces, and 8.35 fine, coin vahu',
$7,764.86. This mill is under the immediate charge of Dr. B. W. Cheever,
an experienced metallurgist.
At the Swansea Reduction Works, which have been but recently com-
pleted, the process, besides the dressing and concentrating of ore — which will
be noticed elsewhere — is crushing and pulverizing, roasting and desulphur-
izing in Collom's patent automatic metallurgic furnace, and smelting in a
cupalo furnace, separating the precious metals and lead of the ores in the
form of lead "riches," and final separation of gold and silver from the lead
by cupellation. By this process Mr. CoUom claims that about 80 per cent.
of the lead, and from 90 to 100 per cent, of the orecious metals are saved
from all ores treated. In this process of course the requisite quantity of
lead and iron must exist in the ores treated, or be supplied from other
Sources. Mr. CoUom, who is an experienced mining captain and metallur-
gist of large experience in England and the mining regions of Lake Supe-
rior and Colorado, claims that he can treat the low grade gold-bearing iron
and copper pyrites of the gold districts, and the low grade galena ores of the
silver districts, profitably to both miner and reducer.
In Summit county the Sukey Silver Mining Co. has reduction works;
dry pulverization, chlorination and amalgamation; and the Boston Associa-
tion, near their most valuable Comstock mine, has reduction works, in which
we believe various processes have been tried, with an average degree of
failures, but we have no statistics.
This brief notice of the reduction works in the silver districts includes
all the mills of any importance now in operation. Besides these, there are
the remains of various processes, which have been, in the main, worthless
experiments, and the source of loss and disaster to their owners and project-
ors, and the country at large.
Besides the ores treated at the works referred to, larse quantities are
shipped out of the Territory for treatment, which does not speak well for
either the skill of our reducers, or the perfection of their processes; but we
are still in our infancy as a mining country, and evils that now exist will be
removed by the experience that years will bring.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 239
CONCENTRATION OF ORES
Includes all mechanical operations for separating the mineral and valuable
portions of ores from gangue, quartz rocks and other worthless contents of
mineral veins. Both gold and silver ores of low grades require concentra-
tion and separation before being subjected to any reducing process. By
concentration, the bulk of the ore is decreased, and the expense of handling
and transportation lessened, and their condition rendered more favorable for
reduction. Without concentration, all the third-class and much of the sec-
ond-class ores of our mineral districts are valueless for any process of reduc-
tion yet introduced into the country; hence its importance is obvious to all
interested in mining matters.
Many modes of separation and concentration have been adopted in, dif-
ferent mining districts, but space will only permit us to notice briefly, first,
dry separation, by the Krom separator, by which process, it is claimed,
mechanical separation of the metals from gangue rock is thoroughly effected
and the bulk of low grade ores, containing lead, zinc, iron and copper,
reduced to one-third or one-fourth of their original bulk, with but trifling
loss of value. At the Washington mills, in Georgetown, the Krom separators
were in active operation in the fall of 1S70. The ores worked were second
and third-class, worth about 850 per ton, in their crude state. They are first
dried — taking out from 75 to 150 pounds of water from each ton — then
crushed, passing through Cornish rollers into elevators; thence through
revolving screens, which take out chips, nails and dust, and return the ore,
that is not finely powdered, back to the crushers. The ore, finely powdered
and cleansed, passes into bins, from which it is drawn by mechanism into
the concentrators, where the rock is separated from the ore by the Krom
Dry Ore Separators. The principle of separation is the action of air upon
the finely pulverized atoms of ore. The specific gravity of the metal being
greater than that of the gangue, the latter is blown away, while the former
remains. While there is no doubt about the value of this process of sepa-
ration when the gangue contains no precious metals, and these lie entirely in
the galena, zinc-blende, or copper and iron pyrites of the ores, its value is
questionable, however, when argentiferous and auriferous quartz form the
valuable portion of the crevice material.
Wet separation is practiced very generally in the gold mining districts.
At the tail of every stamp-mill there is some contrivance by which the
gangue is washed from the metals of the ore, with more or less complete-
ness.
Besides these diflferent systems of "huddling tailings," we noticed, in
the fall of 1870, two new inventions for the purpose of wet concentration.
First, Collom's patent automatic ore washing machines, four of which are
in successful operation at the Swansea Reduction Works, near Georgetown.
They are capable of dressing about 30 tons daily, and seem to do their work
very efiectually. We have no statistics, however, from which we can give
any comparison between the results from this process, and those from the dry
separation. The second invention we examined was at the mill of E. W.
Sinclair, at Georgetown. Mr. Sinclair has experimented with machines, for
the purpose of concentrating ores, for several years, and as a result has per-
fected the invention of an ore-dressing and separating machine which we
believe to be very well adapted to the desired purpose, and one which should
240 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
be carefully examined by practical mill-men. Mr. Sinclair has every confi-
dence in the success of his invention, and only requires capital to bring it
properly into notice.
OTHER REDUCTION WORKS.
Besides works for the reduction of ores and separation of bullion in the
Territory, we have examined, recently, the Omaha Smelting Works, at |-
Omaha, Neb. These were constructed and are superintended by Leopold
Balbach, of Newark, N. J. The buildings are capacious, substantial, and
exceedingly well arranged; the furnaces carefully constructed of the best
material, and the appurtenances all complete in every way. The location of
these works is favorable, being immediately on the Union Pacific railway,
and their facilities for treating ores unrivalled in the Western country.
They are prepared to treat all grades of ore, and especially fitted up for the
purpose of bullion separation by the Balbach process. Their capacity is
about twenty tons daily of ore, besides bullion separation, which is sufficient
to meet the wants of a large mining district. The officers of the com-
pany are most responsible and reliable business men, and altogether the
enterprise is sure of success and prosperity, and well worthy of liberal
patronage.
The Chicago Gold and Silver Quartz Eeducing and Refining Co., whose
works are in Chicago, also promise well. They have extensive buildings, and
furnaces and appurtenances for treating ores of all grades and kinds, and for
bullion separation. The capital of this company is ample, and its officers
enterprising and reliable business men. The metallurgist in charge of the
works is Dr. Phelps, who, perhaps, has no superior as a mineralist and prac-
tical reducer of ores in the Western country.
The fact that active business men have invested large capital in works
for the reduction of Colorado ore, remote from the mines, when the expense
of transporting ore to them is necessarily large, should, and no doubt will,
stimulate capitalists in the Territory to construct similar works in our mining
districts.
VALUE OF ORES.
This is the most important subject, in connection with ores, yet under
consideration. To make mining, milling and reducing enterprises successful,
there must be in a mining district not o'^oly large quantities of ores, but these
must have sufficient value per ton to pay all expenses of mining and milling,
and per centage on capital invested, or money will not be used for mining
purposes.
Can it be proven, by statistics, that Colorado gold and silver ores possess
the requisite value? We think the following statistics will fully decide this
in the affirmative. The following data from Prof Burlingame, Territorial
assayer, gives a fair estimate of the average value of different grades of ores
in various districts, and can be relied upon as strictly correct. We quot«
from a letter from the professor.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
241
"Central City, Col., February 17, 1871.
" In response to your request I forward you statistics of the average assay
value of ores produced by some of the principal mining districts of the
Territory :
" The following table represents the coin value, per ton of 2,000 pounds,
of ore :
DISTRICTS.
Gregory
Nevada
Illinois Central
Russell
Central City. ...
Enterprise.
Eureka
Lake
Idaho
Griffith.
72 samples of mill ore, second-class.,
35 " " smelting ore, first-class...
56 " " mill ore, second-class...
32 " " smelting ore, first-class
31 " '♦ mill ore, second-class...
9 " " smelting ore, first-class
59 " " mill ore, second-class...
23 " " smelting ore, first-class...
22 " " mill ore, second-class...,
8 " " smelting ore, first-class..
25 " " mill ore, second-class....
17 " " mill ore, second-class
12 " " mill ore, second-class
39 " " mill ore, second-class....
13 " " smelling ore, first-class..
34 *' " mill ore, second-class
22 " '/ smelting ore, first-class..
First-class (smelting) average about
Grand Island.
Tailings from stamp mills (concentrated), 84 samples.
Gold.
Silver.
$ 24 10
$ 11 37
138 92
80 32
22 61
12 85
90 30
37 62
19 93
13 12
86 39
40 67
20 07
17 14
50 28
61 90
17 SO
10 60
63 61
23 44
8 47
27 05
29 42
12 02
6 31
18 60
7 82
35 97
18 44
228 90
86 31
409 81
200 00
17 84
5 21
Total,
per ton.
> 35 47
169 24
35 36
127 92
33 05
126 96
37 21
112 18
27 90
87 05
35 52
41 44
24 91
43 79
247 34
86 31
409 81
200 00
23 05
" The average of the silver ores from Griffith district is higher than that of
the other localities, from the fact that the ores are richer, although the veins
are not, usually, as large as those of the gold mines, and the mill-men have
charged higher prices for reduction, so that the lower grades would not pay
for working. It is somewhat difficult to correctly estimate the value of the
ores from Grand Island district, as a majority of the samples are taken from
new discoveries, and have been selected with a view to obtaining a high
result; some of them assaying nothing, or a mere truce; others yielding
several thousand dollars per ton. Although the district is new and not yet
developed, some of the lodes have yielded enormous quantities of very rich
ore; and there can be no doubt of its being one of our best mining
localities. Yours, very truly,
E. E. BUELINGAME, Territorial Assayer."
We have the average assay from seventy-six samples of concentrated
tailings," made by Prof Burlingame in the spring and summer of 1870,
which shows an average value of $40.87. They were, probably, from the
very best "tailings" dressed in the district during the year, and not a fair
exhibit of the av^erage of "tailings" generally. The following letter, from
in experienced and reliable assayer at Idaho Springs, contains valuable data:
"I have the honor herewith to forward the result of average assay of
5old and silver lodes, made by me during the four months of August,
16
242 ROCKY MOUNTAIxX DIRECTORY
September, October and November, 1870, within a boundary of five miles
" Gold Lodes.— GoU, 3 oz., 9 dwt., 21 gr., per ton of 2,000 lbs., ore.
" Silver iWes.— Silver, 89 oz., 11 dwt., IG gr., per ton of 2,000 lbs., ore.
"I have not here stated the quantity of gold contained in the silver ores;
but. if you wish it, I can give you items from time to time.
"I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Henry Kearsino, Ansayer."
The following statistics, from Jerry G. Mahany, of Georgetown, a gentle-
man of large experience in mining matters, and entirely reliable, will still
further demonstrate the actual value of Colorado silver ores:
"During ten months, ending November 1, 1870, there was mined and
treated, in Griffith and Queen districts. Clear Creek county, 1,396 tons of
ore of all grades, that yielded 8171,945.75 silver, coin value, or an average
of $123.17 per ton. The first-class ore, from seven lodes, averaged 1,106^
ounces per ton, ranging as follows: Snowdrift, 1,156 ounces; O. K., 1,135
ounces; Federal, 1^335 ounces; Sterling, 1.000 ounces; W. B. Astor, 990
ounces ; Terrible, 630 ounces; Guthrie, 1.500 ounces per ton, silver, as worked. '
"Of sixty-five assays made by the Brown Mining Company, the lowest
was 91 ounces and the highest 603 ounces, and the average 268 ounces,
silver, per ton. Of thirty-two assays made from Baker mine, lowest
12 ounces and highest 1,002 ounces; average 240 ounces per ton. Of
eighteen miscellaneous assays from mines in Argentine the average was 216
ounces per ton, silver. Six assays from Stevens' mine gave an average of
160 ounces per ton. The largest assay from the Federal Iqdo is 2,152
ounces per ton, and from the W. B. Astor lode 17,137 ounces per ton. Two
men worked eighteen days on the E I'luribus Unum lode, took out one and
a half tons sulphurets of silver that yielded, at Stewart's Reduction "Works.
300 ounces per ton. They paid §35, currency, per ton, for reducing, and
$11 per ton, currency, for packing, which left them a neat little sum for
wages. There are now four companies of miners working on this lode, on
shares. A few months* development will place this mine foremost of the
paying mines of Colorado. The owners are Wm. T. Reynolds and James
A. Wilson.
"Of C. H. Moore I gained the following information: He made 500
assays in three months, ending this date (December 26, 1870), the average
of which is $178.32."
Prof A. Von Shultz, a mining engineer and assayer, who has superior
attainments, is entirely reliable, and has been engaged in assaying and exam-
ining the mines and minerals of the Territory for the past three years, gives
the following estimates: "Average mill value of first-class ores in Clear
Creek county, $200, coin; average value of first-class ores in the Gilpin
county mineral belt, $80, coin; average value of mill ores, per cord, §70;
average cost of mining ores in Gilpin county, about $5 per ton."
Prof Moore, assayer at the Stewart Reduction Works, Georgetown,
assures us that the average of all ores assayed by him during the year of
1870 was about $100, and that all ores treated at the works averaged over
$100 per ton. These are silver ores, exclusively.
The average of assays and mill returns given by owners of mines, and
represented in our description of mines, is still higher than these estimates;
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 243
but we do not give them, as we are fully aware that only the highest fiirures
have been given in by owners of property. We think it entirel/safe tcTtake
Prof Burliugame's estimate, as a fair exhibit of the real assay value of ores
in the Territory. From this we find the average value of the second-class
ores, in the Gilpin belt, to be 833.80, coin. If eighty per cent, of this
could be saved there would be the sum of 827.04 for the minin"', trans-
mitting to reduction works, and reducing. Deduct from this the average
expense of mining and hauling any distance within the district, §6.50, and
there remains, for reducing and profit, S20.54. With any cheap means of
treating gold ores with eighty per cent, saving, the profits on this class of
ore, which is very abundant, would be sufficient to satisfy tho most
avaricious.
The average assay of the first-class or smelting ores, from the same dis-
trict, is $116.23. Of course this class is not so abundant, but it forms part
of the crevice material of every fissure vein in the district, and is mined
already in large quantities, which will be vastly increased when satisfactory
reduction works are erected.
With silver ores, taking the average value of all ores treated at Prof.
Stewart's works, during his first six weeks' run in his new works, in the fall
of 1870, as a basis for calculation, we find that figures will clearly demon-
strate that silver mining in that district, under all existing unfavorable
circumstances, is a profitable business. The average assay of all ores
treated was SI 18. Of this eighty per cent, was saved, or guaranteed, to
the miner, which makes the sum of 89-4.40 actual amount received for the
ore. Deduct from this 835 (the charge for reducing), and the miner has
859.40 for mining and transporting to the reduction works one ton of ore,
any quantity of which is found in all the numerous veins which have been
opened in the district. Deduct, again, 810 — the highest amount charged —
for transportation, per ton, by pack trains, in the district, and the miner has,
for his labor and profits, 849.40 on each top. And further, while the
miner is taking out this one ton of ore, worth 894.40, he takes with it at
least aa additional ton, worth 850, which he leaves in his "dump" heap,
and a small quantity of first-class specimens, worth, probably, 825 more.
Besides this ore, worth 895.40 per ton, which reaches Mr. Stewart's and
other reduction works in Colorado, a large amount of ore, worth from 8350
to 8650 per ton, is shipped to England, Newark, or elsewhere, for reduction.
In conclusion, while we know we have not given such complete statistics
concerning mining matters as the importance of the interest in the Territory
demands, we have done the best that present space, time and opportunity
will permit, and hope, in future issues of our work, to complete fully what
we have just commenced; still, we know we have published sufficient data
to establish the fact that the mining districts of Colorado carry more exten-
sive and richer deposits of the precious metals than any other in the known
world. This is beyond question. And so soon as these mineral resources
are fully developed the wealth and greatness of our people will be secured.
244 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
SWINDLING AND UNSUCCESSFUL MINING OPERATIONS.
This -will be a chapter of generalities, and though gold is the principal
subject under consideration the generalities will not be gUtterimj. The
descriptive history of the principal mines of Colorado, their improvements,
character of ores, assay value, etc., have shown that a large amount of val-
uable mining property has been fully or partially developed, sufficient^ to
insure large wealth and an immense population to any country possessing
them. Other chapters, in this fair exhibit of the Territory as it is, will point
out our deficiencies in the matters of large wealth and population. The
object of this article is to attempt an explanation of these discrepancies,
especially apparent to the casual visitor to the Territory. He will see the
evidence of failure in deserted towns, abandoned mining districts, and silent
mills atid reduction works. Still a careful examination of the country, or a
glance at our chapter on mines, will show that the Territory has remarkable
mineral wealth, and unusual advantages and resources. In no other country,
in the same area, is there such a vast number of gold and silver mines, suffi-
ciently improved to establish their true value and importance.
Gilpin, Clear Creek, and a part of Boulder, Park and Summit countiefe
are traversed by a net-work of immense fissure veins, bearing vast quantities
of ores, rich in gold, silver, copper, lead and iron. Coal beds, unsurpassed
in depth and extent by any other fields in the u{)per tertiary, abound at the
base of the foot-hills. Superior water powers are numerous along the
mountain streams in the mining districts; excellent timber for lumber and
fuel is abundant everywhere, and nutricious grasses cover the valleys and
slopes of the mountains; and still, in the face of all this, there is unmistak-
able evidence of numerous failures in our mining districts. The ruggedness
or inaccessibility of our canons or mountains, or the severity of the climate,
does not show cause for these. The mining districts of Gilpin, Clear Creek,
Boulder, and the greater part of those of Summit and Park are traversed
by excellent wagon roads, passable at all seasons. The climate is unusually
mild and pleasant, and — notwithstanding the great elevation and proximity
to the snow ranges, of the silver districts especially — the thermometer seldom
indicates the extremes of cold that are common on the prairies of Illinois or
Wisconsin; and quartz mining can be and is prosecuted at all seasons with-
out any interruptions from extreme cold.
The only drawbacks or natural disadvantages of Colorado, as a mining
country, have been her remoteness from commercial centres, and the refrac-
tory character of her ores — the former making the price of staples high, and
the latter the saving of the precious metals difficult. The first has been
overcome by two good and efficient causes, the Union Pacific and the Kansas
Pacific railways; the second by the patent fact that Prof Hill, at his reduc-
tion works, treats all classes of mineral and so called refractory ores, success-
fully, and with enormous profits to his company, if not to the miners. It is
safe, however, to assert that the surplus earnings of these works, after all
expenses are paid and a handsome dividend to the stockholders, if divided
among the miners furnishing the ores, these too would be well paid for their
labors.
And now to the task of explaining the only causes for failures in the
mining matters of Colorado— the only unpleasant labor imposed upon the
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 245
compilers of this fair exhibit of Colorado's resources. A retrospective
glance at the manner in which certain mining companies, so called, have
been organized and conducted; the class of men in charge of these enter-
prises, and a brief notice of the metallurgical charlatans and bogus profes-
sors, who have introduced neio processes and massacred old ones, will explain
why mining operations have failed in Colorado. Swindling and unsuccessful
mining companies are of two classes. The first, companies formed expressly
for speculative purposes, with operating mines no part of their scheme. The
second, operative and speculative. The organization of the first class requires
dishonesty and trickery at both poles of the battery; dishonest men in Colo-
rado to secure "wild cat" mining property, procure lying " reports," sworn to
by bogus professors, maps, plats, photographs and assays; and ditto in New
York, or elsewhere, to issue and sell, say $250,000 of worthless stock, based
upon this worthless property. These schemes have been successful in too
many cases. The stock is put in the market at any price, and manipulated
by shrewd stock-jobbers. The money is realized, and then swindler No. 1,
from Colorado, meets swindler No. 2, from New York, or elsewhere; the
winnings are divided, and the bubble bursts. Stockholders, A, B and C,
call upon the president of the great Bamboozle 'em Gold Mining Co., of Col-
orado, for dividends, and are quietly informed that the stock is worthless
(truthful); that the money received from the sale of stock has been
expended, and no gold found (true again); that the Colorado gentleman,
with the big gold mine, was a swindler (again truthful), and the share-
holders, who put in honest money to develop mining property in Colorado,
are robbed, and the country cursed both loudly and deeply. The organiza-
tion of the operative and speculative companies requires no swindling on the
part of Colorado. The dirty work is done by the capitalists themselves, and
their tools. Old Bullion Bull, of New York, or elsewhere, purchases valua-
ble mining property from honest men in Colorado, who are compelled to sell
their " lodes," from impecuniosity, at half their real value. A stock company
is organized and stock sold, say to the amount of f 250,000, a sum sufficient
to pay for the mine and a surplus of $100,000. At first Old " B. B." intends
to work the mine, as he knows it contains large quantities of rich ore, and
believes money can be made rapidly and easily. To efi'ect this, he sends out
as agent, Mr. Bozyfizzle, who must be a good mining captain, as he is entirely
worthless for all other purposes, and places at his disposal one-half of the
$100,000 surplus. Mr. Bozyfizzle, in due time, reaches Central City, or
thereabouts. After he gets over his first Rocky Mountain drunk, he con-
cludes a large mill, or reduction works, is required to treat ores yet in the
strong, rocky confines of a true fissure vein, which he has never seen, and so
mill buildings are erected, and machinery ordered. The completion of this
work is entrusted to Prof. Toothorn, who introduces his improved-baek-action-
lightning-gum-elastic-cylinder-and-Spanish-fly amalgamator, with which he
can draw gold from a Rocky Mountain turnip. Toothorn completes the
works. A ton of gangue rock, the result of Bozyfizzle's work in the mine
while the mill was being built, is treated. The yield from this does not
induce the company to declare a dividend, but prompts Old Bullion Bull,
the president, to investigate matters: the result is not satisfactory. Agent
Bozyfizzle is recalled; Prof. Toothorn is dismissed, and goes into the assaying
business; the mill is abandoned, and work on the mine suspended. Old
Bullion Bull finds all the money, raised from the sale of stock, except that
246 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIEECTORY
which was paid for the mine, has been squandered; however the mine is
leit and this he knows to be valuable, but stockholders must be convinced
to the contrary. This he sets about to accomplish. Mr. Screwtight-or-loose,
the confidential business man of Old B. B. is sent to Colorado; he sells
the machinery of Toothorn process, for old iron; pockets the proceeds, and
reports to the stockholders of Bullion Bull's company that the property is
entirely worthless, and their mining venture a failure. The stock depre-
ciates and sinks to a mere nominal price, when an agent of Old B. B. buys
it up, and the entire mine is the property of B. B. at a trifling outlay.
The owner of the B. B. mining property, mill, reduction works, etc., is in
uo hurry about working his mines. He knows they will not decrease in
value, and is satisfied that labor will cheapen, and all mining supplies come
down' besides it would not be politic to resume operations too soon ; defrauded
stockholders might gain information of this, and injure the fair fame of Old
B. B., who always manages his stock swindling operations so as to avoid
the suspicion of fraud. As a result, a mine, on which 400 or 500 men could
be employed profitably, is lying idle, and the country suffering in consequence.
In some of the above cases, stockholders will not part with the stock for
a nominal sum. Then commence a series of sharp practices, known as
"freezing out" among mining operators, which require consummate tact,
untiring patience, and unscrupulous dishonesty. To superintend these trick-
eries— nominally to superintend the mine — Mr. Screwtight-or-loose is kept
in Colorado on a fat salary, paid by assessments on the stockholders. Under
the direction of Bullion Bull, this agent does every thing in his power to
misrepresent and injure the mining interest of the Territory; reports of gash
veins, and no true fissures, refractory ores, wild, inaccessable and barren
country, frigid climate, and like calumnies, are widely circulated, and cruel
wrong is done to this favored laud and her sturdy pioneers. The usual
results of these "freezing out" affairs are the success of Bullion Bull,
and disaster to the mining interests of the district.
Another class of companies and speculators, who do wrong to the country,
are the "bonding property operators." These, with the hope of effecting
sales of mining property at fabulous prices in England, or elsewhere, induce
mine owners to bond their property to them for a given time, at a certain
fixed sum, in event of sale. One of the usual conditions of these bonds, or
the result of the contracts, is the cessation of work on the lode in question.
Sales are sometimes efiected in this way for fair prices to the owners, and
extravagant sums to the speculators; but, as a rule, the only result that fol-
lows is the injury caused by the suspension of work.
And yet another class, a small fry set of speculators, who club together
and get control of a quantity of poor mining property, on which they get an
extravagant report from some charlatan metallurgist. With this, and the
usual outfit of specimen assays, maps and plats, one of their number goes
East to make a sale. These are too small fish for the net of Old Bullion.BuU,
and altogether beneath the notice of stock-jobbers of any means or character;
but they manage to pick up some fellow with a little money and less brains,
and efiect a sale. Small fry returns and divides the spoils, less hotel expenses
and .s(r/i and booby comes out to take possession of his property, (t) with
visions of untold wealth filling his empty cranium. Of course booby " bursts
up in a lew months, and adds his feeble wail to the general outcry against
Colorado mines.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 217
And now the metallurgical charlatans and bogus professors, who have
done an incalculable amount of harm to the mining interests of the Terri-
tory, and have shamefully robbed capitalists who have invested money liber-
ally to develop the richest mining country in the world. These humbugs
are foreigners as a rule, and graduates from all the schools of mines in the
old world, especially Frieburg, so they represent. The truth is, they are
only second rate apothecaries, and nothing more, except unscrupulous liars
and swindlers. In the manipulations of pharmacy they have learned the use
of the pestle and mortar (which is about the most important knowledge neces-
sary for a fire assayer), and have picked up a smattering of the nomencla-
ture of chemistry. The straight forward miner or capitalist knows nothing
about sailing under false colors, and less about the science or manipulations
of chemistry or metallurgy; and, partly from honesty of purpose, and the
balance from ignorance, listens to the professor's glowing description of his
means of reducing ores, and invests money in the professor and his new pro-
cess. Forthwith, reduction works are erected; costly apparatus purchased,
and freighted from the States at large expense; furnaces constructed with
huge chimneys, that reach the summit of some neighboring mountain, and
ponderous machinery is placed in position. Rich ores, from an adjacent
mine, are at hand; steam is raised; the shrill shriek of the whistle affright*
the mountain sheep in the ravines, and startles the prospector on the mount-
ains; cylinders revolve; ball pulverizers clatter; red flames and blue shoot
out from the mouths of heated furnaces; great volumes of smoke and sul-
phurous acid fumes go up the towering chimney, and the gold and silver, too,
for all the professor knows — at least, he never finds any of it worth mention-
ing— and then another failure, and another howl about refractory ores, or the
modest request that $100,000 or so more be furnished for this charlatan to
expend in learning the rudiments of his profession. Again poor Colorado
is deeply wronged, and her best friends swindled. How the goddess of
riches, who has yielded her fairest charms to the embrace of the pioneers
of this favored land, must weep over these failures and disasters.
This retrospective view of mining and milling failures, and swindles, is not
too highly colored; but it is to be hoped these are mostly among the things
that were, and there are good and sound reasons upon which to base these
hopes. '"Tis true 'tis pity, and pity 'tis 'tis true," however, that all evils
connected with mining operations, are not yet corrected. There still exist a
few tunnel selling companies — a class not mentioned before — that are grave
stupidities, and are doing their quota of wrong to the country, and a few
stock-jobbing and "freezing out" concerns, which are retarding the develop-
ment of valuable mines, and crippling the resources of the country; but
these will be gotten rid of or overlooked entirely by the class of men and
capitalists that will soon control the mining interests of the Territory. These
latter are the sturdy, enterprizing and practical miners and capitalists of
Colorado, and the educated and skillful laborers and mill-men, who are grad-
uates from the mines and mills of our own mineral districts. Let honest
capitalists from abroad interest themselves with these, for the true purpose
of taking money from the rich lodes so abundant in our mountains, and the
chronicler of events in Colorado will hereafter record only well merited and
complete success.
9^^g ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
OBSERVATIONS.
SCENERY.
Celebrated travelers, learned tourists, versatile newspaper correspond-
ents, poets, authors and editors have exhausted the vocabulary of laudatory
phraseology in attempting to describe the grandeur, beauty and sublimity of
the mountain and valley scenery of the "Switzerland of America," and have
acknowledged their attempts, failures. The range of human thought and
expression is limited. Even fancy cannot penetrate the infinite, nor soar to
the boundaries of immensity. In the " mad pride of intellectuality" we
may attempt to scan the upper atmosphere of the universe, and analyze the
particles of light that emanate from the solar centre of unbounded space,
but our efforts are futile. As well might we hope to achieve these things
which only gods can accomplish, as to expect to portray, with our humble
powers of expression, the wondrous beauty and marvelous sublimity of a
view from the summit of the Rocky range or the towering brow of Gray's
Peak. Thought is awed by sublimity; fancy paralyzed by the immensity of
grandeur, and sensation drowned in an ocean of loveliness. It is not neces-
sary, however, to ascend the range or summits of mountain peaks to find
scenes of rare beauty or grandeur. These cluster about every mountain,
and linger in every valley. We will not attempt description of what is
indescribable, but particularize to tourists a few of the points which afford
fine views in the mining districts, and the immediate vicinity of good roads.
Gray's Peak rises abruptly from the summit of the main range, near
the head waters of a branch of the middle fork of South Clear creek, on the
eastern slope, and the source of a branch of the Snake, a tributary of the
Blue, on the western. The summit of the peak and its eastern slope are in
Argentine mining district. Clear Creek county; its western declivity in
Snake River district. Summit county. The distance from Georgetown,
about thirteen miles, and from Montezuma, on the Snake, in Summit county,
about eight miles. A good wagon road connects Georgetown with the base
of the peak, via Brownville, Bakerville, and the Baker and Stephens mines
The ascent to the crown of this giant king can be made on horse-back, and
mounted on one of Bailey & Nott's sure-footed saddle animals, ladies can
reach the highest point with ease and safety, and look upon a scene unsur-
passed m the Switzerland of America. Parties can leave Georgetown, where
tliere are excellent hotels, in the morning, spend two or three hours on the
peak, and return before night-fall. The elevation of Gray's Peak is 14,251
loot above sea level — about 3,000 feet above the summit of the snow range
at this point. Westward— the parks, the main range, with its spurs and
peaks, and the innumerable lesser ranges parallel with it, to the canons of
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 240
the Colorado, their countless ravines and valleys, the Blue and Grand and
their tributaries; eastward — spurs of the range, the foot-hills, unnumbered
branches of the Platte, and its and their valleys, and beyond these the plains,
stretching away to where the sky touches their sands, are before and around
you, like the streets and blocks of a great city, from the top of a lofty tower.
Denver and the lesser cities of the plains, and the trains of the Kansas &
Denver Pacific railway, can be seen by the aid of a good glass.
James' Peak, about eighteen miles from Central, is reached by the Central
and Middle Park wagon road, and aflfords a view nearly equalled iu gran-
deur and beauty with that trom Gray's Peak. Parties can leave Central in
carriages in the morning; spend an hour on the peak, and return before
night. The entire route from Central to the summit of the mountain is
surrounded by every variety of scenery peculiar to these regions, replete
with beauty and grandeur.
The Chief, which rises from a spur of the main range, three miles from '
Idaho Springs, southward, to an elevation of over 11,000 feet, also affords
a rare view of mountain scenery. Parties can reach the summit of this,
away above timber line, on horseback, without difficulty. From this is
obtained one of the best possible views of the eastern slope of the Rocky
Mountains, Pike's Peak, the head waters of the Platte, and its tributaries,
and the vast plains. Its proximity to this exceedingly pleasant watering
place, Idaho Springs, with its beautiful surrounding and good hotels,
makes the Chief a favorite resort of tourists. Other points in the neigh-
borhood of the springs, affording fine views, are the mountains at the head
of Virginia Caiion and Gilson Gulch. These are about three miles from
Idaho, and about the same from Central City — 2,000 feet above the valley —
and are reached by excellent wagon roads. Good, well developed silver
mines are numerous in the hills, mountain ranches well cultivated in the
valleys, and in no place in the mountains can the tourist spend a more
delightful day, with the assurance he can reach good hotels at night.
Chicago Lakes, where Bierstadt locates his " Storm in the Rocky Moun-
tains," should not escape the attention of travelers. These are near the
head waters of Chicago creek, and the base of the main range in Ottaway
mining district. Clear Creek county, about twelve miles from Idaho Springs.
The route to the lakes lies along the valley of Chicago creek, surrounded
by mountain and valley scenery peculiarly attractive. The Chicago Creek
wagon road, owned and kept in good condition by the Tellers, of Central,
makes seven miles of the distance accessible by carriage; the balance is
reached by a good trail or bridle path. The lakes, two in number, sur-
rounded by towering mountains, traversed by a rich belt of silver lodes,
and covered by dense pine forest to timber line, are beautiful sheets of clear,
cold sparkling water; the larger covering an area of about two acres; the
smaller one, half its extent. No soundings have yet been, or perhaps ever
"will be made to find the bottoms of these remarkable basins. Space forbids
further particularization; but every mountain around Georgetown, Idaho
Springs, Central, Black Hawk, Golden; the ranges, summits and peaks of
Park and Summit, and other of the mountain counties; the valleys and
caiions of the Platte, the Arkansas, the Blue, Grand, and their branches
and tributaries, aflPord scenes of bewildering splendor and grandeur rarely
e(£ualled and never excelled.
250 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
TO IMMIGEANTS AND COLONISTS.
Every new comer to a new country is naturally anxious to learn just
where the best locations are to be found. The information he usually
receives is varied and conflicting. His informants may each be candid, and
as "reliable" as human nature averages the world over, and yet each will, in
a de<-ree exaggerate the advantages of his preference, and the disadvantages
of orher'sectio^DS. It is a very difficult matter to give any general advice of
this kind that will not be more or less partial, according to the predilections
of observers for this or that particular quality of soil, scenery and sunound-
ino-s or the more or less propitious season at which the various spots have
been visited. We may, however, venture a few suggestions, gathered from
a general consideration of Colorado as a whole, rather than from personal
preferences for any single locality.
For that large class of men of moderate means who are now seeking
locations in this Territory, and who desire to make for themselves perma-
nent homes as tillers of the soil or gatherers of flocks and herds, there are
still fine tracts of government lands to which they may acquire title by
occupation and improvement. Here, as elsewhere, land-sharks have been
busy hunting up the "best" sections and "securing" them; but, in very
many instances, their straw filings are worthless when opposed by the bona
fide residence and tillage of the actual settler. Thousand of acres arc now
" held" by these unscrupulous speculators, which may be readily and success-
fully "jumped" by men who are honest in their intentions to occupy the
land. After the lapse of six months or more, many of these sham preenipt-
ors will be successful in "proving up" their bogus claims at the land offices,
and acquire absolute title, unless genuine claimants have stepped in and
thwarted their plans.
Many choice valleys, in various portions of the Territory, have been thus
seized upon by the sharks, and are now " claimed" by them. But " claims,"
without accompanying evidences of actual occupation, go for very little in
the eyes of the law, and hence, whole townships of choice lauds may yet be
reclaimed by means of actual setlement. Mere filings at the land offices
need not frighten any land seeker, if he oe satisfied the filer is a man of
straw, or has no intention of occupying his claim. The government never
intended that the public domain should fall into the hands of merciless spec-
ulators through the medium of hard swearing and pretended improvements.
There are yet unclaimed, detached sections here and there, within from
ten to thirty miles of Denver, and other thriving towns; but for any con-
siderable bodies of government land it is necessary to go farther away.
South of the " Divide," in Douglas, El Paso and Pueblo counties, are some
choice locations. There are also some vacant lands along the upper St.
Vrain, the Big Thompson, and other mountain streams in the northern-
middle portion of the Territory. The above applies to a belt of land thirty
to torty miles wide, extending along the eastern base of the mountains, and
readily irrigable by means of the numerous mountain streams.
Within this belt the principal sites, for the accommodation of colonies
and cooperative associations of settlers, have now been occupied. Within
tne past three months, at least three distinct colonies, each numbering from
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 251
one to three hundred families, have located along the valley of the Platte,
Cache-a-la-Poudre, Big Thompson, St. Vrain and Boulder, and are vigor-
ously at work subduing and developing their respective sections.
For organizations of lesser magnitude there are still desirable locations
within forty or fifty miles of the mountains. South of the "Divide" are
the valleys of the East Monument creek, Fontaine qui Bouille, the Arkan-
sas and its tributaries, and still further south, the Cucharas, Apishapa, San
Carlos, Apache, Huerfano, and other lesser streams, along each of which are
greater or less bodies of wild lands, available to settlers.
For the accommodation of a very large colony, the San Luis park, in
Seguache and Costilla counties, is now one of the most desirable regions
unappropriated. It possesses all the elements of a successful agricultural
and stock raising country, and contains an available area large enough for
the accommodation of a moderate sized State.
Another region, as yet not more than half explored, and entirely unoc-
cupied, but which must, ere long, become, in point of population, what it
already is in point of natural scenery, the "Switzerland of America," is the
Middle park. Mountain ranges, whose lowest passes are 5,000 feet higher
than the snow-covered summit of Mount Washington — the crown of New
England — now bar the passage to its beauties. Wild tribes of Indians still
frequent it in summer time, and claim it as their hunting-ground, but the
day is not far distant when* its encircling walls of granite will be tunneled
to let in the insatiable spirit of the nineteenth century, or scaled by ladders
of iron track, over which will pour the van of empire in the wake of the iron
horse.
Already English capitalists are on the way to test the feasibility of a
railway line that shall pierce the snowy range at or near the base of James'
Peak, and open up this rich and interesting region to the world. At
present, no ordinary colony need attempt its settlement; but by another
season, preparations might be perfected so as to make its occupation feasible.
Its mountain gorges are rich in deposits of the precious metals; its streams
are full of the finest fish ; its valleys teem with luxuriant grasses and rarest
wild flowers, and its sublime scenery is equaled nowhere on this continent.
Tlie western or Pacific slope of Colorado, yet so little known, will, in
time, become a thickly settled country. It abounds in finely watered, fertile
and undulating prairies, and when made accessible to the arts of civiliza-
tion, will be found to off'er great inducements to all classes of settlers. The
southern half of this slope is embraced in the consolidated reservation of the
Ute tribe of Indians, and is, therefore, ineligible for occupation by whites; but
these savage tribes are all waning, and must finally become extinct, leaving
their rich possessions to be occupied and developed by a more appreciative
race.
For another class, who come to Colorado for the sake of her climate,
natural scenery and advantages, and who have money to invest, the settled
valleys, already supplied with railroads, markets, educational and religious
privileges and society, oifer greater attractions. Our descriptive chapter of
counties gives general details concerning all these, which we need not here
repeat. Some cheap lands are yet open to settlement in each of these, the
prices ranging from 02.50 to §10 per acre; but the best portions are occu-
pied, and for the most part in a good state of cultivation. Well improved
farms, lying contiguous to towns and railways, are held all the way from 825
or. 9 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
to SI 00 per acre. The valley of the Platte is, in many respects very desira-
be but the valleys of some of its mountain tributaries, though much less
eTt'cusive in area, are more choice and picturesque^ ^rT'T\ """"^ A
are the Clear C^eek, Boulder, St. Vrain Left Hand Big Thompson and
Cachc-a-la-Foudre on the north, and the Cherry and Plum Creek valleys on
the south of Denver. The valley of the Boulder (north and south branches)
is probably the finest small valley in the Territory. It is as beautiful as it is
fertile South of the " Divide" the valley of the East and West Monument
creeks, thou-h narrower, and as yet little settled, are quite as beautiful and
Drobab'lv as fertile as that of the Boulder.
Por those who would make stock raising their business, more extensive
ranches are found farther from the mountains, in the "plains" tributaries of
tbe^Platte and Arkansas. The most noted of these are the Kiowa, Bijou,
Huerfano and Las Animas.
TO TOURISTS.
As the first inquiry of immigrants invariably is for the best localities to
settle in, so tourists, travelers, pleasure seekers and invalids are anxious to
be told where to find good stopping places, and the most desirable scenery
and experiences. This is another point on which it is impossible to give
anything more than brief general advice. Some will prefer to make Denver
their headquarters and rallying point while in the country, since here they
miss, less than elsewhere, society privileges, culture and bustle to which they
have been accustomed. Others will not be content without a nearer contact
with the rugged mountains themselves, and will prefer Central, Georgetown,
or Idaho Springs as a rendezvous, from which to plan expeditions to the
various points of interest. As a desirable mean between the two extremes,
the mountain sheltered and thrifty town of Golden, located at the mouth of
Clear Creek canon, and the present terminus of the Colorado Central rail-
road, offers many advantages. Communication with the East is as direct and
rapid as at Denver, while it is twelve miles nearer to every point of interest
to be visited, and is also in close proximity to some of the wildest scenery in
Colorado. It now contains an excellent hotel, kept in first-class style, and
which is supplied with mineral and other baths, for such as seek health and
recuperation. The Golden House is one of the finest hotels in Colorado,
being built of brick, new, roomy and well ventilated, besides being kept in
a style to make travelers feel at home.
Among the picturesque and curious attractioijs of the immediate vicinity
are Castle or Pulpit rock, overhanging the town. Table mountain. Chimney
. . i , , — f, poi_- -_
tliiit of economy. The cost of living is no higher than at Denver, while at
many other places it is double.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 253
FIRST IMPRESSIONS NOT ALWAYS CORRECT.
The first impressions of an Easterner, on arriving in Colorado, are not
usually very flattering. Accustomed to the sight of deep green landscapes,
fringed and fretted with luxuriant foliage, and subdivided into many-fielded
farms, the inevitable conviction is that the old geographical tradition of an
American desert had its foundation ia truth. He ruisses the stately forests,
the wealth of vegetation, the exuberance of flowers and grasses, the rankness
of iceech, the fenced highways and subdivided farms, and the fatness of soil,
that, in its black, unctious-looking furrows, promises even more than it can
perform. All these are wanting. There are, comparatively, no trees; even
shrubs are wanting; the grass is, in most places, short, dead-looking stufi",
even in its prime, and is found in tufts and patches; at least half the surface
being barren of every thing, and naked to the sun. The soil is dead gray,
or pule brown; looks gravelly and sterile, and there is nothing attractive,
apparent, on its surface. He listens to the tales of great productiveness,
mammoth turnips, and wheat, as beautiful as its yield is bountiful, with a
kind of patronizing incredulity.
Irrigation is a great stumbling block to his faith in the possibilities of
the country. Neither he nor his father, nor his father's father ever prac-
ticed it; he knows nothing whatever of its practical details, and has only a
vague, general idea that it requires as much complicated and expensive prep-
aration as the water supply of a great city.
It requires a residence of at least twelve months to enable any ordinarily
observing man to form a comparatively correct opinion of the country. If
homesickness drives him back to the States before that time, he is sure to
carry an incorreot, and frequently a very damaging report of what he has
seen. Of all unreliable things in the world, the most unreliable is a home-
sick man's opinion of a new country or place. A year's familiarity with the
scenes and soil of Colorado efi'ectually cures the conceit of unbelief and prej-
udice with which most men arrive here.
Irrigation is found to bo a very simple matter, both inexpensive and
easy. By ita aid two of the chief drawbacks to farming in the States are
fully overcome, viz : wet seasons and drouths. The former is a meteorolog-
ical impossibility, and irrigation is the reliable and ever-ready remedy for the
latter. The clouds are robbed of moisture by the mountains, so that the
plains get but little rain; but the mountains yield their plundered stores
again just when most needed by the independent husbandman, who is never
storm-hindered, and whose stacks never sprout or spoil from excess of damp
or rainy weather. Grain need not be housed, not even stacked before it is
threshed. It may stay in the field until it is ready for market, and not a
bushel of it will be lost by mildew or mould. The straw never rusts before
it is cut, and comes out as bright in spring as when first tied in bundles.
Grass cures without blanching, as it stands, and is more nutritious for stock,
after a whole winter of exposure to the elements, than the best tame hay,
scientifically cured (in the right time of the moon, and accurate to a day as
to blossoming stage ! ) and royally housed.
Nearly every year at the East is either too wet or too dry. No farmer
there but suff^ers from constant anxiety as to which extreme will prevail, and
254 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
particularly in harvest time. Here he gives no thought to the morrow,
liain never interrupts or damages him, and if showers do not come, he taps
the mountain streams and makes sure his yield.
PURITY OF ATMOSPHERE.
In the chapter on " Climatology" this subject receives proper notice, but
too much cannot be written concerning the remarkable purity and health-
fulness of this upper atmosphere.
Though in many places, on mountains and in canons and gorges, snows
remain all the year round, and the melting of these, during the heat of
summer, produces streams of limpid waters, still vapors, mists and fogs are
comparatively unknown. Malarious or poisonous exhalations never burden
this pure air. Decomposition of animal matter takes place eo slowly that
the noxious gases engendered pass away imperceptibly, and no unpleasant
effluvia is detected in the neighborhood of decaying carcasses. Fresh
meats, left in the open air, are dried and perfectly cured. The unpleasant
odors that emanate from offal, and the usual conglomeration of stenches
that "smell to heaven" from the purlieus of human habitations, especially
in large cities, are unknown in Colorado. Sloughing or indolent ulcer
rarely follow gunsnot wounds or other serious injuries, involving destruction
of tissues, and the formation of tubercles never takes place in lungs expanded
with this rarified air. The refractive power of this atmosphere is also
remarkable, and produces illusions strange, startling and beautiful. The
mirage of the mountains and plains are familiar to travelers in these regions.
The thirsty emigrant on the plains sees clear streams of sparkling water he
can never reach, and the mountaineer, beautiful valleys that are far below the
horizon. At Denver, the mountains are twelve miles distant at their nearest
point; still, at times, they seem near at hand, and strangers, at the hotels,
often attempt a walk to the foot-hill before breakfast. In crossing the plains,
after the first view of the mountains, they never appear distant more than a
day's journey for an ox train. Hunters often shoot at antelope a mile off,
and tourists attempt the ascent of mountains, believing it can be accom-
plished in an hour when it will require a day's hard climbing. These
illusions add new charms to scenery, ever varying, grand and beautiful.
TERRITORIAL.
Although ten years have passed away since the boundaries of Colorado
■nen iefaned and a Territorial form of government inaugurated within the
Imnts, with the Hon. W. H. Gilpin as first governor, still she has made no
great ettort to become a State. But the recent remarkable impetus given to
all tier mdustnes by complete railroad connections, and the great additions to
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 255
her population, by the influx of colonists and imniipjrants of every description,
bespeak for her a speedy admission into the Federal Union; and no doubt
the watchmen on the political towers of earth, already see, just above the
horizon, gleams of the brilliant star so soon to appear in all its radiancy in
the constellation of States.
No decade of years, since the independence of the United States, has been
fraught with such momentous events as the last. During this, the tidal wave
of unholy rebellion has swept over a portion of the surface of our fair land,
bearing upon its bosom the argosies of war and destruction, and has been
driven back and dried up by the winds of true human liberty and the sun-
shine of patriotism and righteousness. The foul waters, which formed this
monstrous wave, were already gathering, and murmurs of the coming storm
of anarchy filled the air, when the birth of Colorada was announced. As
great numbers of the population of the Territory, at this time, were from the
disaffected portion of the Union, a powerful eifort was made by these to drag
the Territory into open rebellion, and array her on the side of slavery and
anarchy; but these efforts were bravely battled, and completely frustrated
by the loyal, true-hearted men of our rich and beautiful land, and Colorado
saved the shame and disgrace of disloyalty and rebellion. Space will not
permit us to give any detailed account of the noble deeds of the staunch and
energetic friends of liberty in Colorado. That they organized three good
regiments, which did efficient service in crushing treason and slaying traitors,
and presented everywhere an unbroken front, when assailed by the emissaries
of disloyalty, are facts well known, the records of which brighten the fairest
pages of our country's history. The friends of liberty in Colorado were firm
in battle, and wise in council, and nobly acted their important part in saving
the glorious union of States, whose broad boundaries inclose the homes of
millions of freemen, and the towering temples of equal rights to all men.
Besides battling for the general freedom of the country, and warring with
armed traitors, Colorado troops were compelled to contend with treacherous
savages, who threatened the lives and homes of her citizens. The savage
hordes of the plains and mountains, emboldened by the dangers which beset
the country from the emissaries of rebellion, and urged on by the brutal
councils of those disaffected white men, were especially troublesome while the
rebellion lasted, and waged a merciless warfare against the white settlers in
the Territory. But our troops were equal to this emergency, and taught
these savages a lesson which will not soon be forgotten, and has already
secured the country from further attacks from these enemies of progress and
civilization. No part of our great country has a fairer record, during the
last decade of years, than the part we are now discussing, and nowhere does
the sun-rays of future peace and prosperity shine brighter than over her
mountains and plains.
The manner in which the general government controls her Territories is
too well known to require notice here. We append the names of the officers
who are now entrusted with the administration of Territorial affiiirs : "
Territorial Officers. — Governor, Edward M. McCook; Secretary,
Frank Hall; Treasurer, George T. Clark; Auditor, James B. Thompson;
Adjutant General, Hal Sayr; Attorney General, L. C. Rockwell; Surveyor
General, W. H. Lessig; Superintendent of United States Branch Mint, J.
F. L. Schirmer; Territorial Assayer, E. E. Burlingame; Superintendent of
Public Instruction, W. C Lothrop.
256 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Supreme Court. — Chief Justice, Moses F. Hallett; Associate Justice,
E. T. Wells; Clerk, David W. Crater; Marshal, M. A. Shaffenberg.
Congressional Delegate.— Jerome B. Chaffee.
United States Revenue Officers. — Assessor, Daniel Witter; Col-
lector, J. H. Merrison.
We believe these officials are well qualified to fill their various positions,
and discharge all duties faithfully, and that our government affairs are ably
conducted. '^One office and its incumbent, however, requires especial notice,
from its paramount iuiportanoe. We refer to the Territorial assay office, at
Central, and the officer. Prof E. E. Burlingame. This office, established,
but in 1868, has been of great service to the prospecters and miners of
the Territory. Previous to its existence, the price charged for a common,
fire assay was so extravagant, that poor men, making explorations in the
mining districts, could not afford to have frequent assays from the ores dis-
covered, and often passed by lodes containing valuable ores, or expended
much time and labor in developing worthless property from this cause. In
the establishment of the Territorial assay office these obstacles to successful
mining enterprises have been entirely removed, as the price charged for an
assay is only ^2.50, a comparatively trifling sum, always readily obtained by
all interested. The manner in which Prof Burlingame has discharged his
onerous duties has been entirely satisfactory to miners generally, and much
good has been done by the wise legislation which created this office.
The United States Branch Mint, at Denver, also requires notice. The
building, which is a capacious, substantial brick structure, located on the
northwestern corner of Gr and Holladay streets, was first constructed by
Messrs. Clark & Gruber, in 1861, and fitted out with the necessary appa-
ratus for coining, and operations commenced on the 16th of July, of that
year.
In 1862, a bill was introduced in Congress, by H. P. Bennett, the dele-
gate from Colorado, to authorize the establishment of a branch mint or gov-
fernment assay office at Denver. This bill passed in April of the above year,
and commissioners were appointed to examine and report upon the propriety
of purchasing the mint of Clark, Gruber & Co., for that purpose. The
^ report of the committee was favorable, and the purchase was effected by
ws_* Secretary Chase, of the United States Treasury. Previous to the sale,
t^. ^ Messrs. Clark & Gruber coined 8594,305.50, and purchased §1,402,647.75
worth of gold bullion, besides private deposits.
^ The building has been enlarged by the government, but no apparatus for
coining has been supplied, and it is exclusively a United States assay office,
on a large scale, under the charge of Prof J. L. F. Schirmer. His prin-
cipal assistants are Chambers C. Davis, melter and refiner; Rodney Curtis,
chief clerk, and M. H. Slater, calculation clerk. The retort gold from
^tauip-mills, and dust from placer diggings, are melted and refined at this
mstuution, and their degree of fineness stamped upon them. Bricks, weigh-
ing from a few ounces to three or four pounds, are molded here daily.
A fine assortment of minerals, fossils and coins has been collected by the
otticers ot this institution, and, altogether, the mint is one of the prominent
objects of interest in Denver, and should be visited by all tourists.
^^^^
EXlCELSIOPt
■^TOv ^ ^iM [nm ^^ii Ew^
11 1. Jl ^|L I^^
BOOK BINDER,
|lirt |ook Hianteteiiiiii |i|gr|iiL
ITlElVriXJJVES .A.'W'-A-PlIDEIDz
1866 — At tlie first Colorado Territorial Fair, first premiums for job
printing, book manufacturing and binding.
1867 — First premiums for Plain and Fancy job printing, book making
and binding.
1868 — Made no entries.
1869 — First premiums for Plain and Fancy job printing, blank books
and book binding.
1870 — First premiums for job printing and book work.
1869 — First premiums for plain and fancy pi'inting, and Ijook making
at Boulder County Fair.
1870 — First premiums for all tbe above at P>oulder County P^air.
\_7y/e abore are all t?ie pabllc I^airs erer ftcld i/f Colorado.^
/||TOLORADO is bounded east by Kansas, south by New Mexico, west by Utah, and
J.A north by Wyoming. Its area is nearly 200,000 square miles. Its mines of gold
silver, copper, lead, iron, and coal, are unlimited and ine.\haustible ; it pro-
duces its own supplies of agricultural products, aiul possesses an unlimited
breadth of the best pastoral lands in the world. It possesses an e(iuitable and
delicious climate, beneficial to invalids and promotive of longevity Its scenery is
unsurpas.sed. Denver, the capital and commercial center, is connected with San Fran-
cisco, Chicago and St. Louis by direct lines of railway. Other lines are being rapidly
built, making it a railway focal point. IJenver is 5.300 feet above the sea.
--^i-^^cTt^I
B®aT®p® Wmlmw>mmm
||e |(w?i |wpf» mi lie |e$f |eip$poper
r^ rMs ^QcsF M@v^r^s^ CQ^^rar;
k
WEEKLY, 36 COLUMNS,
$3 Per Year; 4 Copies, $10. I
DAILY, 32 COLUMNS,
$12 Per Year; 2 Copies, $22.
Established, April 93, 1859
■ y "vi js. '■ v-^ji.
^1^
U^FIK LAKCt^KHT ^V]Nt> KKH^r.
-^a|
COMMERCIAL
JOB PRINTERS,
AND PUBLISHERS
enver Tritune,
R. W. WOODBURY. |
JOHN WALKER. )
Tribune Bloek, F Street,
Kelou- Klal.-f
|lamT#t, Oii)L
ADVERTISIN& RATES REASONABLE.
|ei i|is-|^NFioftl!! JM |rfpOiirf.
.r.)
DAILY.
One Year i;i2 oo
Six Month.'^ 7 00
Three Moiulis 4 00
By the Week 40
Single Copy.
■^ <^ WEKHLV. ,:>
One Year S3 00
Six Montiis 2 00
Three Monllis 1 00
Single Copy 15
lO^j^^g^^Specinieii copies >ent free.
^iROTICES BY THE MkESS.
I'hc l)enver Triimne is one of the l^est papers in this 'I'errilorv. — [Coliir;i(ln
Herald.]
The Tribune is one of the most extensively circulated papers in the Tcrrilniy.
[Mis.souri Democrat.]
The Tribune, by its al)le management, has steadily grow n until it occupies ;i
position second to no paper in the 'I'erritory. — -[Colorado Miner.]
A Journal of much popularity, well conducted and ])laced on a solid footing
by its enterprising proprietors. — [Missouri Re])ublican.] i
The Denver Tribune seems to be well filled with advertising, dentjting an j
extremely healthy condition, while its editorial character is second to no sheet |
publishetl in the Territory. — [Miners' Register, Central, Col.]
The Denver Tribune, published at Denxer City, is a model and abl) con
ducted paper. — [Kullon, 111., J(nn-nal.]
In all itx vavUniH liranvhin. cuucuteil MiAT, (JlUC^i, CHh.tl'. All »«.*•/.• *
doH)- >vh<-n itrotnisfil, ami Snlis/in-tion (iaarantfril, fi^
KOCKV MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
duick Sales and Small Profits
th: e
Boston Shoe Store
Has a Stook of (Joods tliat wriv
BOUSHT TO BE SOLB^
AiHl not 1(1 1)0 hfld lor high prices, oeing satislifd that a niinbh' Sixuciu-f is ))ottiT
Uirtii a slow ^Shilling.
No old shop-worn goods are ever offered to any of our customers at any prico.
AH our goods are just bought, and you will not only hav(? tlie advantage of
llie pre>ient low Eastern prices, but will be sure of getting the best and hit est
style of goods. ^ "
There are No Better Goods offered, and None so Cheap,
As can be had at the
BOSTON SHOE STORE,
opposite Roci.-n Mountain Xars Office, 392 Larimer Street, cor. G.
Com., and srr l„r yoursi'lf before you buy. H. IBXTIlTOlSr,
Fine Goods a Specialty.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
B. y, JOHNSON.
N. SARGENT
J. CLOlTill.
B. F. JOHNSON & CO.
Insurance Agents,
ALSO AGENTS FOE COLORADO HIDE, WOOL AND FUE COMPANY.
Office, 356 Larimer Street, up Stairs,
Warehouse, 2 doors west of Estabrook's Stable, Holladay St.
■ - COLORADO.
DENVER,
F»ost OlTlee Box 60.
JAMES W. RICHARDS & CO.
DENVER
€!¥¥ TMJk
Fi^eight charges advanced and goods delivered to
all lyarts of the city,
Oflioe, 41 IBlake Street,
DENVER,
COLORADO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTOllV
RICHARD FAWCETT,
mem aaa mmwwm&w
{Chief Engineer Chicago-Oilorado Colony.)
Engineering, in all its Branches, Promptly attended to.
i£^
WM. H. TOWNSEND,
COM3IISSIONEB OF DEEDS
For the States and Territories.
DEAI^ER IX
LAND WARRANTS AND AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCRIP.
Office, cor. G and Larimer Sts.,
Second Floor,
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
J^. J. G-ILL. ' JOE. B. C.A.SS.
iP7 rMm.'. ms*
Holladay Street,
(Adjoining Ilusfej's B.ink,)
I'arties wishing to purchnse improved or unimproved City Property, Farms, or
Farming I>ands, Gold or Silver Mines in any part of Colorado; parties wishing to
loan or borrow money, will find it to their interest to address or call on us, both
having been residents of Colorado for ten years.
.T. K. Bates, Pres't. C. C. Johnson, Treas. R. R. McCormick, Sec.
BinYia iiiwin
oo:M::pj^3srY.
BOTTLED AL£ AXD PORT£R,
For sale at Eastern prices.
MALT, HOPS, EOSIN, PITCH, ISINGLASS AND IRISH MOSS.
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Real Estate Agency
R. E. WTHITSITT.
Established, and Uninterruptedly Continued, since 1858.
Loans Negotiated ; Titks Examined and Perfected ; Prop-
erty Bought, Sold and genei-ally managed.
SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO PROPERTY OF NON-RESIDENTS.
Office, F Street, near Larimer,
'^^^^ ««%.
CONRAD TRANKLE, Ppoprietor.
F- Street, bet. Wazee ana "Wynltoop,
DENVER, COLORADO.
The tabic will, at all times, be supplied with all the delicacies of the season.
rcHsonahle price '"''°"''' *'°'"^*'''^^^^>' furnished, will be let to families at a
The proprietor is determined that his
ACCOBINIODATIONS SHALL BE SECOND TO NONE.
Comfort to his Guests is Guaranteed.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
T. H. SIMONTON'S
■mwmw Twrnmui
il&f)
Frolglits *i<lva.ii.<!«tl oil soocls^ .and ^Iie sa,ii>« <<leli>rerecl to all
l>ai-ts of tlxe oity.
SATXSFACJXlQiiIi' mXWIk^^M.XU'E^l^m,^.
OFFICE, AT ISAAC BRIJ^KER c^ CO:S,
Comer P and Blake Streets,
ly^a
DEITVEH CITY DIITIITG HOOMS
FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN,
Larimer Street, bet. G and H, opp. Broadwell House,
DENVER, COLO.
Sleals at ^11 Hours, from. 5 JL, 'M.. to IS F». M!.
Transient custom solicited.
(3-EO. T- BI^EEID, - - I=I^O:F'I^XETOE,.
W\
mmmmm nAiEif
PORTER WARNER, Propr.
FRUITS OF ALL KINDS, FISH AND GAME IN SEASON.
Agent for C. S. Maltby's Baltimore Oysters.
F Street, near Larimer,
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
JNO. S. JONES,
General Dealer, Wholesale and Retail, in
COAL EMI WOOD, lAl ETC,
All kinds of Nails, at "Wtiolesale, at
THB BH» BAB
Cor. F and Wynkoop Streets,
DENVER,
COLORADO.
-A-XiSO,
PORK PACKING HOUSE
First a?id ontj one ere?^ established i?i Colorado.
I PROPOSE TO DO
And a General Pork House Business.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
J. W. IIORNER, C. B. PaTTEKSOX.
Attorney at Law. A, B. Hill.
J. W. HORNER & CO.
m
OFFICE, IN HUGHES' BUILDING,
Larimer Street, near F,
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
Woolen Manufacturing Go.
iiNrcoia:poieuA.TEi:, i87o.
O^^FIT^^^L, - - - #100,000
J. \V. SMITH, President. H. S. SMITH, Secretarj'.
JNO WINTERBOTTOM, Treas. and Supt.
Factory, corner Cheyenne Avenue and Larimer Street,
DENVEB, COLORADO.
Manufactures and keeps on hand for sale, wholesale and retail, a good assort-
ment of BLANKETS, of various weights, colors and prices; JEANS, CASSIMERES,
SATINETS, FLANNELS, LINSEYS, SHAWLS, LAP-ROBES, CARPETS, HORSi:
BLANKETS, YARN, WOOL BATTING, etc., etc., suitable for the Colorado and New
Mexico trade, all of which will be sold at reasonable prices, for cash, or in exchange
for WOOL, GRAIN OR LUMBER.
A liberal share of patronage is respectfully solicited and is required to sustain
the institution.
-O" We invite all persons visiting Denver to give us a call.'°SM
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORV
H. W. MICHAEL & CO.
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
STOVESJIi,IROII,COPPER,SILVERANOPLATtOWARE,
Miners', Millmen's, Carpenters', Blacksmiths', and Mechanics'
Tools generally, and Smoke Conductors.
ALI. KINDS OF WORK DONK TO ORDER.
Larimer Street,
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
Eating House and Saloon,
SCHRADER & CO.
61 IBlake Street, near <3S-.
The Finest Braods of
WINES, LIQUORS AND CIGARS.
>^ MEALS AT ALL HOTTRS.-«a
61 Blake Street, - Denver, Colo.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
G. A. McCLASKEY. j. ^,y^ ARMSTHONc;,
Armstrong & McGlaskey,
Manufacturers and Dealers in
BRIDLES, WHIPS AND SPURS,
J4T I''' Street, below Slake, DENVER COL.
DEITSCH & BRO., Proprietors,
Corner of F and Larimer Sts., IDEjIsr"V"EI2..
■^ Wholesale and Hetail Dealers in
PaM €;3f i Ita^pl© Wwf'
J^ar^e Stock of Carpets ^ Oil Cloths, ^tc,
ahraj^s on ?ia?id.
COUNTRY TRADE SOLICITED.
PEOPLE'S RESTAURANT
4S Blako Street,
AND
PIES^ "M Jain., - . - - C;OXjC^XI.A.X>C?.
These houses are kept in flrst-class style. Meals at all hours, day and night. Best cigars and
"iiiurs.
B. L. FORD, Proprietor.
EOCKY MOUNTAIN LIKECTORT
352 Larimer St., Denver, Colo.,
Keeps constantly on liand the largest and most complete stock of
Dry Goods, Notions, Shawls,
CLOAKS, MILLINERY GOODS,
Laces, Fancy Goods and Kid Gloves ,
And offers the same at Eastern Prices.
mM^w^TmB M^^^ ^ wBmQ'ZM.^'m\
352 Larimer St., Denver, Colo,
Wholesale and Xtetail Denier in
Shelf Hardware, Wooden Ware, Iron, Steel,
HEATING !AND COOKING STOVES,
Carpenters", Blacksmiths' and Miners' Tools, Reapers, Mowers, Threshing Machines, Saws, Rubber and
Leather Belting, Builders' Hardware, House Furnishing (ioods, Bar and Sheet Iron, Horee Shoes
and Nails, Pumps of all kinds. Gas Pipe, Steam Engine Fixtures, Gum and Hemp Packing,
Clothes Wringer.s, Tubs, Buckets, Churns, Milk Coolers, Plows, Harrows, Seed Drills,
Axes, Picks and Handles, Horse Rakes, Wagons, Carts, ^\■lleelllarrows, etc.,
and Manufacturer of Tin, Copper and Iron work ; also,
nvE3E3T:"jflLjL.ijic::? c::jox^t^ii^s.
The only article that wi'.l preserve the body for ages.
Coffin Trimmings and Ornamental Coffin Plates always on hand.
Fairbanks' Scales— all sizes.
1^5 & 137 F street, - - DENVER, COLO.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
MRS. A. T. CONE,
FASHIONABLE
^ ^^i^^iiwisa^^^
msM
CHIGNONS, WATER CURLS, FRISETTES,
Siiritclies and Curls
CONSTANTLY ON HAND AND MADE TO ORDER.
o
[Aim ^mwmiimYmAmm wO) Qmmmm,
HIGHEST PRICE PAID FOR RAW HAIR.
Larimer Street,
Opp. Broailwell House,
DENVER,
COLORADO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Cor. Lawrence and G Sts,,
DENVER, - COLORADO.
J. S. LAHGRISHE, Manager and Proprietor.
OPEN EVERY EVENING.
CONTINUED SUCCESSION OF NOVELTIES.
A Fnll and Efficient Company, Surpassed by None in the West.
BROADWELL HOUSE
S. R. EDWARDS, Proprietor,
Oorner Gr and Larimer Streets,
DENVER, COLO.
REFITTED AND REFURNISHED THROUGHOUT,
niis popular house has a fine bar and billiard room attached; also,
good stabling.
BUSSES TO A.TVr» ITTIOM THE IIA.IIL.TV-A.Y DEPOTS.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
I. ROSENBLOOM
jmSMIQMiBLM
m
"ST.
aial^ltlo^l
DEALER IN
FRENCH CASSIMERES. CLOTHS,
AND
iPIIsrE A^ESTING^S.
i
M:Ar>E IIV THE LATEST STYLES,
AND
FIT GUARANTEED.
THE BEST IT VRKMEJV AL WA I ;S' EMPLO TED.
348 Larimer Street, between E and F,
BgM¥BM?, ©©lt@MAB@
^f-ft
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
HENKT A. LTJEBBERS,
CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT
143 F Street, Denver, Col,
REFERENCES:
.lotis I>. Perbt, St. Louis, Mo.
ADii.PHLS Meier, St. Louis, Mo.
)i. H. l.AMBORN, Secretary and Treasurer Lake
Superior & Mississipiji R. K., Philadelphia.
lion. John Evans, Denver, Col.
Chas. C. Leeds, of Anthon & Leeda, Broadway,
New York.
J. C. Tbadtwine, C. E., Philadelphia.
GEO. MAYER & BRO.
DEALERS IN
SlOVfS, Til. COPPfR AND SHE[T IRON WARE
KITCHE:IV FXJIiPflTXJRE, ETC.
Blake Street, near G,
GKO. C. SCHIjiXZISR,
Real Estate Agent & Notary Public
IVo. 193 F Street,
PRACTICAL AND ORNAMENTAL
H7 r street, below Wazee, Denver.
^vp!i'"!f^''"f""''" ^'''^" *" Carriage Painting and Trimming. Mixed Paints ..f
«very snade always on hand. All Mork warranted to give satisfaction, and prices
low. Stencil and Brand work done to order.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
J. II. IIKXSE. P. GOTTESIiEKEX.
HEITSE & GOTTESLEBEU,
MANTJFACTURERS OF
18 Karat Jewelry
AND
NATIVE SILVER WARE,
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
Diamonds, Watches, Silver and Plated Ware, Etc.
AGENTS FOR THE CELEBRATED
ELGIN WATCHES
Which will be furnished to the Trade at
With the usual Discount.
Any article of 18 Karat Jewelry or Silver Ware made to order.
368 Larimer Street,
DENVER. : : COLORADO.
KOCKY MOUNTAIN UIllECTORY
HIRAM WITTER,
DEALER IN
REAL ESTATE
Office in Clayton's Bfii-ding,
Corner F" and Larimer Streets,
DENVER, COLORADO.
Special attention given to handling property in the suburbs, by
the block or addition.
J. W. HORNER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW
OflBce, in Hughes' Building,
DENVER, COLO.
DANIEL SAYER,
Attorney at Law
DENVER, COLO.
W. S. CHEESMAN,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUGGIST
Genuine American and Foreign Drugs, Medicines, Oiemicals, Paints,
Oils, Varnishes, Glass, Etc., Perfumery and Fancy Goods.
3S Blake Sti-eet,
AKD COLORADO GAZETTEER.
CRAMER &; NYCE,
Shop, cor. L and 'Lawrence St., ilSfTll, €M%.
luU'i lead foKil iii4 Umk f iii
*- -t t' r -if'
I
FARMERS' & DROVERS' HEAD-QUARTERS,
Cor. G and Wazee Streets,
JOSEPH L. BAILEY, Proprietor.
General agent for the sale of Ilav, Coal, Stock and Fat Cattle ; also agent for the celebrated Temple
■^Vooden Pump. Always ou Laud and for sale, all siz^s of the Bishop & Pnndlo ^\ agon8.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Trains leave Golden, - 6.00 A. M. Arrive Denver, - 7.00 A. M,
2.00 P. M. " " 3.00 P. M.
" Denver, 7.15 A.M. " Golden, - 8.15 A.M.
4.30 P. M. " " 5.40 P. M.
Connecting at Golden with Coaches of COLORADO STAGE CO. on the arrival of
morning train, for
BLACK HAWK, CENTRAL, IDAHO AND GEORGETOWN,
Also, the mining districts of Summit, Lake and Park counties, and the
new mines of Grand Island, connecting at Denver with the Denver
Pacific and Kansas Pacific Railways, for all points
h^oi^th:, ej^st j^isriD sotjth:.
J. B. SHEPHERD,
General Freight and Ticket Ag«at^
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN
Fniit, Imported and Domestic Cigars, Tobacco,
Fancy Goods, Smokers' Articles, Meer-
schaum Pipes, Etc., Etc.
Having been a resident of California for fifteen j-ears, he enjoys facilities for the
sale of California Goods possessed by no other house in Colorado.
^X!ASTi:RJf, COLORADO AND CALIFORNIA PAPERS ALWAYS ON FILjeI
CALIFOniTIA WINE, FRUIT AlTD CIGAR DEPOT
Cor. G and Larimer Streets,
(Opp. Broadwell House,)
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
DANIEL WITTER,
Attorney at Law M Real Estate Apnt.
ARAPAHOE COUNTY
AND
DENVER CITY ABSTRACT OFFICE.
Special attention given to business of all kinds before any Land OfiBce, and in the
Departments at Washington. Lands and City Property purchased and sold.
Rents collected, Taxes paid, Patents for Land secured, and Abstracts
to Property promptly furnished. Agricultural Scrip for
sale. Fees and Charges in all cases reasonable.
Office in Feuerstein's New Blocl(, Corner G and Larimer Sts.
DENVER, COLORADO.
J. A. MILLER & CO.
Successors to MILLER &. IVIcCORD and B. M. HEERMANS & CO.
Forwarding and Commission Merciiants,
AND DEALERS IN
CORN, OATS, FLOOR, MEAL, PROODCE, ETC.
DENVER, . . ' COLORADO.
Our facilities for forwarding to all points in Southern Colorado and New Mex-
ico are unrivalled ; and our largely increased business in that direction, the past
season, is a guaranty that we have given satisfaction to our patrons.
Through contracts on Ores, Wool, Hides, etc., given to all Eastern cities.
Especial attention paid to consignments of all kinds, and remittances made on
day of sale.
Mark all consignments to be forwarded beyond this point,
" CARE J. A. M. & CO., DENVER."
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORr
Establislied in ISOO.
L. N. GREENLEAF & CO.
37^5 Larinaei:- Street,
(Next door to Post Office.)
The Largest Variety to be found in any Establishment
in the West.
f
Pipes and Stnokera* Articles,
CHILDREN'S CARRIAGES, CARTS,
WAGONS, ROCKING HORSES, ETC.
FANCY GOODS, TOYS, NOTIONS
AND POCKET CUTLERY.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, VIOLIN
AND GUITAR STRINGS, TRIMMINGS, ETC.
A full and complete assortment of Rods, Lines, Reels,
Hooks, Flies, &c., especially adapted
to Colorado Waters.
Our Stock will be found fully up to the times, and embracing all the
latest novelties.
L. TV. C^I^E1E]XLE:.4.I^ -Sc oo.,
375 Larimer Street, Denver, Col.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
BE-AXTTIES
OF THE
E®®K¥ MOOTI^Ai:
FOB THE STEREOSCOPE.
Over three hundred views taken in Colorado, making a most magnificent collec-
tion, and giving a more accurate and vivid impression of the wild scenery of the
"Switzerland of America" than volumes written on the same subject.
The above collection comprises views taken in the vicinity of Denver, Central
City, Black Hawk, Georgetown, Nevada (Bald Mountain), Granite City, Fair Play,
Colorado City, The Garden of the Gods, Pleasant Park, South Park, Monument
Groups on Monument Creek, The Snowy Range, Pike's Peak, Longs Peak, Gray's
Peak, Spanish Peaks, Little Professor, McClellan Mountain, Mt. Lincoln, Idaho
Springs — famous for medicinal waters and as a summer resort— and the different
streams of Colorado, etc., etc.
Old pictures, of any description, however badly defaced, copied, enlarged to any
desired size and painted in oil or water colors, by the skilful artist, Mrs. MAGGIE
DUHEM, at the
OF
DUHEM & BROTHER
Larimer Street,
(Over the Post Office,)
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
WM. S. WALKER * CO.
WHOLESALE DEALERS
-IN
Pure Kentucky
WHISKIES
Importers and Jobbers
Forii lis, Lips Hip,
IVo. 3T8 Lai-imer Sti-eet,
DENVER, COLORADO.
ALL GOODS WAREANTED AS REPRESENTED.
fi^ Orders Solicited."^a
WM. S. WALKER.
CYRUS EATON.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
LOYAL S. NYE, President.
GEO. STILLE, Cashier.
Wholesale Dealers in
COLORADO, WESTEEN AND EASTERN
STAPLE PRODUCE
FORWARDERS TO
Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona.
DEALERS IN
GRAIN, FLOUR, SALT,
WINES AND LIQUORS,
GLASS, WOOL, HIDES, ETC.,
BEEF & STOCK CATTLE.
I>EIWER^, C30L0I^^^I>0.
KOOKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTOET
\'
{mi'
■ Cor. Larimer mid H Streets,
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
LYMAIT PAHKHURST, Proprietor,
MANUFACTURER OF
ENGLISH & STOCK ALEp PORTER & LAGER BEER.
Malt, Hops and Yeast for sale, in quantities to suit. Orders
from the country promptly filled.
L. PARKHURST, Denver, Colo.
IDE3^"VEPt
TAPPAN BLOCK,
F" Street,
3&EM'^^m,
FANCY GOODS, TOYS
Dry Goods, Teas, Glassware, Jewelry, Sil-
verware, Plated Ware, Pictures, Hair
Goods, Perfumery, Japanese and
Chinese Goods.
^®» SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE COUNTRY TRADE. -«»
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
8. A. GRANT & CO.,
WHOLESALE AND EETAIL
Booksellers & Stationers
AND
GENERAL NEWS AGENTS,
School ^oo/cs, Chromos, Cards, Inh, Te7ts a?id
Tencils, :Sla7ih :Sooks, Sc, Sc,
SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS OFFERED TO THE TRADE.
383 Larimer Street, Denver, Colo.
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
PAINTS, OILS, VARNISHES, GLASS
Glue, Brushes, Artists' Materials,
Mirrors, Gilt Mouldings, Picture Frames,
Window Shades and Cornices, Paper Hangings,
)^ m%^^
SASH, DOORS AND BLINDS AT MANUFACTURERS' PRICES.
HOUSE, siG]v ) 143 JF^ Street,
AND f
Done to Order. J DEMVERi
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
C. M. TAYLER,
Wholesale and Retail Grocer
NO. 75 BLAKE STREET,
One Door East of the American House,
DENVER, COLORADO,
Begs to inform the citizens of Colorado that he has opened his New Store at the
above address, where he intends keeping on hand a large and select assortment of
Groceries,
Teas, Coffees, Sugars, Spices,
SYRUPS, CANNED & DRIED FRUITS,
NUTS, ROPE, WOODEN and WILLOW WARE,
BROOMS, Sfc, Sfc, Sfc.
And guarantees that the Quality and Price shall be such as will meet the approval
of all who give him a call.
Particular attention paid to the
j'OBBiisra- Ti^A.nDE.
THE HIGHEST PRICE PAID FOR RANCH PRODUCE.
Notice the addres?,
75 Blake Street, <
DENVER, - COLORADO.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
(Nee Charpiot.)
Frencli Milliner and Dress Maker
Sab-agent of the Wilson Shuttle Sewing Machine Company. Masquerade costumes for rent
and made to order. Latest styles of Millinery Goods constantly on hand.
Roper's Block, entrance on G- Street, opposite Broadwell House,
denver, colorado.
the:
CALIFORNIA
PO^WDER
"WORKS.
Sporting, Cannon, Mining & Blasting.
CALA. CEjMCEIVT FTJSE,
£iireka Grain, I Pacific Rifle,
Pacific Sporting, ' Sea & River,
Gala. Sportsman, I Valley Mills.
C, FC, FM, F, FF, HF BLASTING,
Tlie Best in tliese Moiiiitaiiis.
WM. LARNED, Central City; ISAAC BRINKER & CO., Denver, Col.
ISAAC BRISKER. A- "^^ BRINKER.
ISMi IBIIEIB A ^i.
Wholesale and Retail Grocers
CORNER BLAKE & F STS.
^g-ents California Powder "WorUs.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
"O.K." "O.K."
Phil. Trounstine,
" o. K."
Clothing Store
172 F Street,
DENVER, - COLORADO.
"O.K." "O.K."
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
D. G. PEABODY,
No. 163 F Street, Denver,
Jobber and Eetail Dealer in
CLOTHING
Dry Croods,
FURNISHING GOODS AND NOTIONS.
Cash Paid for 'Wool and Pelts.
Also, keeps constantly on hand a large stock of
Bli@l'i All iABlIAi£i»
Agent for
DI£BOLD & KIENZLE
Fire and Burglar-Proof Safes.
163 F Street,
DEIIVrVER^ - >. - COLORADO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
n. :Et. c3-i^EEi<r,
DEALER IN
CHICAGO SASH, DOORS, BLINDS. MOUIDINGS
DRESSED SIDING AND FLOORING,
NEWELL POSTS AND STAIR FIXTURES,
West end Larimer Street Bridge,
s
THE
GREENSBORO, COLORADO.
D. S. GREEN, Pres. S. P. BERNARD, Vice-Pres. I. C. HAGUE, Sec. L H. COLE, Treas.
FRED. J. STANTON, Engineer.
JOHN C, FEBLES, Rev. J. DIX MILLS. P. B.WILLS, GeneralTraveling Agents.
Hon. E. M McCook, GoTernor of Colorado; Hon. Wm. Gilpin, Ex-Governor of Colorado; Hon. John
EvanB do.and President D. P. Railway; Hon A. C. Hunt, Ex-Governor of Colorado; Hon. Frank Hall,
Secretary of Colorado; Hon. Moees Hallett, Chief Justice of Colorado; Hon. 8. H. Elbert, Ex-Secretary
Int i!? t^^ ^P+ ' ^ipO^hich secures transportation to Colorado at reduced rates and purchases one
«?»t 1 tL^ town of Greensboro, located on the South Platte river, twenty-five miles below Evans
imm^ri;«t« J^!fr.>'"'\»f li^'l^'ay- Each member is then left to make his own selection of lands in the
immediate vicinity, than which there are no better in Colorado,
lars, addr^^B?'^*'' description of the location, see chapter on COLONIES, in this work. For full particu-
Col. n. S. GREEN, rres%
DENVER, COLORADO.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
MAMMOTH COHHAL
AND
OARR HOUSE
S. H. CARR, Proprietor,
Foot of" F* Sti-eet, Denver, Col,
Board, per day $2 00
" per week 6 00
Boarding and lodging, per week 8 00
Single meals 50
One span— hay per day 1 00
B. CORNTORTH.
WHOLESALE GROCER
AND DEALER IN
Foreign and Domestic Fruits,
PROVISIONS AND RANCH PRODUCE,
IVo. 146 F Street,
«
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
S. BRUNSWICK,
Manufacturer of
FINE NATIVE COLD
Jewelry, Chains
SIIiVER ITITARXS,
DEALER IX
Biaioflfls, Ifatclies, Cloch, Etc., Etc.
AGEXT FOR THE SALE OF
Howard, Elgin, "Waltham, TJ. S. Company's,
AND ALL OTHER MAKES OF
II©41i W4t©SEi.
I also keep constantly on hand the best variety of
Moss Agates and otlier Native Stones.
Every article manufactured by me is warranted to be
S. BRUNSWICK,
360 Larimer Street, DENVER, COL.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 257
DENVER
Is the county seat of Arapahoe county, and the capital of Colorado. It is
finely located on the South Platte, above and below the mouth of Cherry
creek; contains a rapidly increasing population of nearly or quite 9,000; i.s
the railroad and distributing centre of the Territory, and is, at this writing,
in proportion to population and age, the liveliest and most enterprising town
in America.
The first rude trapper's hut, built in Colorado, occupied a site within the
present limits of Denver, and was occupied by one of the oumipresent and
never-dying Smith family. It was built in the fall of 1857. The first cabin,
dirt-roofed and built of logs, in what is now East Denver, the principal town,
was the architectural conception of Gen. William Larimer, whose name has
been perpetuated in the principal street, as well as in one of the counties of
the Territory, and saw the light of day in the latter part of October, 1858.
The place was then named St. Charles, and soon after a rival sprang into
existence on the opposite side of Cherry creek, which was called by the clas-
sically ambitious name of Auraria. Its site is now known simply as West
Denver. Such is earthly glory! A month later the town site of St. Charles
changed hands, and was named Denver, in honor of Col. J. W. Denver, then
governor of Kansas, to which all this region, now known as Colorado, was
then an indefinite and unexplored western appendage.
The first family on the ground was that of S. M. Rooker, who arrived
from Salt Lake, in August, 1858. The first business house was opened by
Messrs. Blake & Williams. Mr. Blake's name has been canonized in Blako
street, but that of Williams has been lost in the mutations of inexorable fate.
The pioneer blacksmith was Thomas I'oUok, who arrived from New Mexico,
in December, 1858. The first hotel was opened on the 1st of February.
1859, by Murat & Smoke, and was called the EI Dorado. The first child
born was a half-breed son of one McGaa, and an Arapahoe mother. The
first election was in March, 1859. The whole number of votes cast in the
county was 774. Denver precinct polled 114, and Auraria 231.
Up to this time there was not a pane of glass nor a board in either of
the jealous "cities." All buildings were constructed of logs, without floors,
and with dirt roofs. A saw-mill was put up in the pineries, thirty miles
south, in the spring of 1859, and soon began to supply the "cities" with
lumber. This was the beginning.
The pioneer newspaper was the Rocky Mountain News, and was put forth
i by Wm. N. Byers & Co., the senior partner of which firm is now proprietor
I of that sheet. Almost simultaneously, the Cherry Creek Fioneer^vfus issued
, by John L. Merrick, but this affair was soon absorbed by the News, never.
in fact, issuing but a single number. ^
, The first coach of the Leavenworth and Pike's Peak Express Co. arrived
; in Denver, May 7, 1859. The first election for county officers was held lu
i March, 1859. The first matrimonial collision occurred on the IGth of the
following October; the parties being John B. Atkins and Lydia II. Allen.
The first legislative body ever convened in the Territory, met in Denver,
on the 7th of November, and included among their acts, the granting of a
17
258 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
charter to "Denver City." The first election and formal organization under
this charter was efi'ected on the 19th of December. The year 1870, there-
fore, witnesseth the eleventh anniversary of the birth of Denver.
Eleven years have wrought greater changes, and resulted in more sub-
stantial progress in Denver, than ordinarily attends the growth and history
of towns in new countries, for in that time Denver has been transformed
from a mining camp to a metropolis.
To briefly sum up the practical in connection with the history of Denver,
its situation is well selected. It might have been located at the foot of the
mountains, with the single view of accommodating the trade of the mining
regions; but, in that case, it could never have become the centre of so many
radiating lines of travel as now. Nor would it have secured to the esthetic
portion of its citizens the magnificent and ever -changing panorama of
mountain beauties, now forever spread before them. It is built upon a slope.
which rises gradually from the bed of the Platte to a distance of a mile and
a half, where it reaches an elevation of nearly 200 feet from the level of the
river. This slope faces westward, as if on purpose to guarantee to every lot
owner a perfect mountain view. To this end, the projectors of the town
plat must have unconsciously connived, for, by running diagonally with the
points of the compass, every street has been made to open, in one direction,
upon some portion of the snowy range.
The town is well and solidly built up, many of its banks, churches, public
buildings, and principal business blocks comparing favorably with those of
much older and larger cities further East. It contains not far from 1,500
buildings, and its population is perhaps a little under 9.000. Some 300
new buildings were erected in 1870, and the indications are that more than
that number will go up in 1871.
The Board of Trade report for 1870, foots up the commercial statistics
as follows:
SALES OF MERCHANDISE.
Dry goods and fancy goods $2,388,000
Groceries, liquors, etc ],(J36,000
Produce and provisions 1,825,000
Hardware 551]. 0(0
Fruit 1(50,000
Leather, boots and shoes, etc 2o5,000
Miscellaneous 1,703,000
Total trade $8,500,000
This does not include many important items, including coal, lumber, live
stock, land sales, manufactures, value of new buildings, etc., which would
swell the amount as follows:
Coal $104,250
Lumber 600,000
Manutactures 008,800
Value of new buildings 575 QOO
Sales of land— to settlers .../..............'. 575^000
Live stock and beef .......'.'.*.'.*.,!!*'.".*.!."]! 375 000
Fresh meats— at retail '....'.*.*.'.'.'.'......'."."'.!!"'*1!'.*.'.! 172!800
Flour manufactured — value "..'.*/.".".'..'.'.'..".'.'.'.'..!..!.!'. 75* 000
„ , '- $3,14.5,850
bales— previous total 8,500 000
Total business for 1870 $11,645,860
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
259
The banks of Denver carry an average of 81,500,000 in deposits, and
the shipments of bullion, in 1870, were nearly $6,000,000.
Four lines of railway already centre here, the Kansas Pacific, Denver
Pacific, Colorado Central, and Boulder Valley. A fifth, the Denver & Rio
Grande, leading southward, is being graded, and a sixth is projected, open-
ing up and connecting with the mining regions of Clear Creek and Gilpin
counties.
The manufacturing facilities of the place have but just begun to attract
attention. The unlimited water-power supplied by the Platte will eventu-
ally be utilized, and Denver will become a manufacturing town. Already
there is a fine, brick woolen mill, two flouring mills, an iron foundry, two
planing mills, a terra cotta foundry, a carriage factory, several wagon facto-
ries, a turning shop, etc.
Many other departments of manufacture would find here a very favorable
opening. One of the most needed of these, is a tannery. Hides are cheap
and plenty, because there is no one to transform them into leather. A good
tannery and leather factory would find itself crowded with business from the
start, and could not fail to make money for its owners.
Smelting works, in the immediate vicinity, are also coming to be a vital
necessity. If Denver is wise, she will see to it that they are erected before
the greater portion of the traffic of the mountains is diverted to some less
favorable locality.
Besides churches, school buildings, capacious business blocks, hotels,
elegant private residences, and the usual conglomerate or transition system
of buildings which fill the spaces between the larger structures, Denver has
a branch of the United States mint, and a theatre, both of which receive
detailed notice elsewhere.
The elevation of Denver, above sea level, is 5,317 feet, and the climate
that of the "plains" generally — exceedingly healthful and invigorating.
The following table shows the most important climatic features of the
last fourteen months:
TEMPERATURE.
DATE.
December, 1869..
January, 1870....
February, 1870..
March, 1870
April, 1870
May, 1870
June, 1870
July, 1870 ,
August, 1870 ,
September, 1870.
October, 1870
NoYember, 1870..
December, 1870...
Januaiy, 1871....
Highest.
60°
64°
67°
80°
80°
94°
98°
97°
89°
83°
68°
60°
67°
Lowest.
5°
1°
-8°
16°
40°
48°
53°
4.5°
40°
27°
20°
-18°
0°
29.4°
33.-5°
32.7°
48.1°
56.1°
68 2°
74.2°
64.8°
60.1°
47.8°
41.8°
23. °
34^5°
.34
1.15
1.70
.70
2.80
.35
.52
.51
.12
2.85
.68
.54
.73
.40
I The total amount of rain and melted snow for the fourteen months is
'seen to be 13.45 inches, or for the year 1870, 12.65 inches. The average,
per year, is believed to be from fifteen to eighteen inches. The fall of snow
260 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
in 1870, -was 48.20 inchea, which would give about five inches of water.
The year 1870 was unusually dry, and December was the coldest month
since the settlement of the country.
Frequent mention is made, throughout this work, of the unusual enter-
prise, dash and reliability ot the business men of Colorado, and the superior
attainments and abilities of the professional gentlemen. In Denver, these
i'eaturcs are especially prominent among the classes referred to. No city,
either East, West, North or South, possesses business men who, as a class,
have more enlarged ideas of financial enterprises, broader views of mercan-
tile and commercial ventures, or principles of stricter fairness, honor and
honesty in all business transactions and relations with each other, and with
those they deal with elsewhere. Although the capitalists of Denver use
money freely and liberally, and are always ready to invest in any legitimate
enterprise that presents favorable features, still they are not wild speculators
or desperate gamblers in stocks, and never take other than legitimate risks;
so with the ordinary merchant, although anxious to push his trade to the
utmost, and ambitious of large success, he rarely ventures out of his depth,
and is seldom caught in the meshes of bankruptcy. Let all Eastern dealers
make a note of this. Denver merchants are, as a rule, safe, reliable, honest
business men, and sharp, capable, and well informed buyers, that know how
to hiiy, and how to pay for what they purchase. One infallible evidence of
their superior business tact, is the i'act that they advertise judiciously and
liberally.
In the general and business directory that follows, we have taken great
pains to avoid errors or omissions; but more or less of these cannot be
avoided under the most favorable circumstances, and in our case, where
many adverse features have presented themselves, we can only acknowledge
imperfections, and trust that the public will overlook them as much as
possible.
As additional evidence of the business activity, prosperity and growth
of Denver, we append the following statistics:
The receipts for premiums, of twelve life insurance companies doing
business in Denver in 1869-70, amounted, in round numbers, to §85,000.
The business for 1870-1, will not iall short of 6150,000 — a single company
having issued new policies to the amount of nearly a million dollars on the
lives of Coloradans during the year.
Fire insurance is also well patronized, the premium receipts for 1869-70,
amounting to over 875,000.
The number of Eastern letters received and delivered daily, at the Denver
post-office, averages from 600 to 800, and as high as 1,200 have been received
in a single day.
The voting population of Denver has increased more than 700 during
the last six months, and the prices of real esUit^, in the city, have doubled
in the same time. \
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTOrtY
COLORADO GAZETTEER.
j^:b:b:r^e:'vxj^i:xoi<ts
agt agent
;iv avenue
bet between
IkIs boards
bldg biiiUlini;
Ilk block
;'J) colored [ ne.,
cor corner
a. or e ea.-st
lab laborer
mnfr manirfacturer
nr near
N. or n north
, northeast
11 w northwest
opp opposite
pres president
prop proprietor
r residence
St street
S. ors south
se southeast
sw southwest
sec secretary
supt superintenden t
treas treasurer
W. or w west
whol wholesab;
DENVER DIRECTORY.
ABBOTT M. C. blacksmith, bds.
Broadwell House
Abraham Maggie Miss, lauudress, r.
Stout, bet. F and G
Abrahams Belle, chambermaid, Ameri-
caa House
Abrams J. merchant, bds. Tremont. House
Abram M. clothing and agt. California
cigars, Holladay, bet. F and G
Adams Geo H. ranchero, bds. Metropo-
litan Restaurant
Adams L. B. carpenter, bds. foot of
Champa
Adams L. L. physician and surgeon,
Larimer, bet. F and G
Albee Alfred, shoemaker, r. K, bet. Wi-
watta and AYynkoop
Albright C. A. Mrs. dressmaker, Lari-
mer, bet. G and H
Alcorn Robert, carpenter, bds. foot of
Sixth
Alfred N. C. drover, bds. Broadwell House
Alhambra Hall, A. Fogus, prop. cor.
Blake and F
AllenderW.T. prop. Smith House, Fourth,^
nr. Front
Allebaugh Henry C. barkeeper, with W.
P. Jones, 29 Blake
Allen A. M. r. cor. F and .\rapahoe
Allen Henuy, clerk, bds. Holladay, bet.
F and G
Allen J. carpenter, bds. Tremont House
Alston David (Curtis & Co.), restaurant,
F, bet. Wazee & Wynkoop
Alston Joseph, fruit dealer, bds. F, bet.
Wazee and Wynkoop
Alexander & Smitll (A. Alexander and
A. H. Smith), whol. grocers, etc. 1-4.0 F
Altmeyer W. F. operator, W. U. Tel. Co.
bds. Tremont House
AliandF. A. cabinetmaker, with Maguirc
& Co. 185 F
Allison (col'd), nurse, bds. Law-
rence, bet. F and G
American House, H. S. Smith, prop. cor.
G and Blake
Anderson, A. gen. supt. K. P. R y.
general office, Lawrence, Kan.
Anderson C. domestic, with G. T. Breed
Anderson J. C. teller First National Bank,
r. cor. E and Lawrence
Anderson Samuel, r. Blake, bet. H uud 1
262
DENVER DIRECTORY.
iIKO. E. CKA^ER.
CHAS. D. COBB.
CRATER & COBB,
IHSDPiANCE AND GENERAL AGENTS
Notaries Public and Conveyancers,
Holladay Street, opp. Mint,
Autlerson AV. H. bJs. Elephant Hnuse
Audersoa T. merchant, bds. Tremont
House
Andrew John, carpenter, K. P. & D. P.
R. R. Junction
Andrews J. bds. Tremont House
Andrews John (col'd), waiter, American
IIou*e
Andrews R. P. employ«5 U. S. Branch
Mint, r. San Luis, bet. Sixth & Seventh
Andrus J. D. carpenter, r. cor. Arapahoe
and II
Anglum J. (J. J. Reithman & Co.), drug-
gist, cor. F and Larimer
Anthony C. E. deputy county clerk, r.
Curtis, bet. E and F
Anthony F. R. r. Champa, bet. C and D
Anthony Scott J. deputy county clerk
and sec. Mutual Building and Loan
Association, r. Curtis, bet. E and F
Anthony TV. D. county clerk, office,
Larimer, bet. F and G, r. Curtis, bet.
E and F
Archer James, pres. Denver Gas Works,
bds. Arapahoe, bet E and F
Arndt G. G. butcher, cor. Fourth and
Front, r. Ferry, bet Fourth and Fifth
Arpp P. carpenter, r. San Luis, bet.
Fourth and Fifth
Arpass Hans, pressman, Tribune office,
r. foot of Arapahoe
Armstrong C. (col'd), chambermaid. Hat-
ten House
Armstrong Geo. bds. Ferry, bet. Sixth
and Seventh
Armstrong J. W. harnessmaker, r.Cherry,
bet. Larimer and Sixth
Armstrong J. J. moulder, bds. Bell House
Armstrong M. clerk, with Daniels &
Eckhart, 359 Larimer
Armstrong L. (col'd), bds. cor. H and
Holladay
Armstrong W. fireman, Hallack's Planing
Mill, bds. cor. K and Holladay
Arens A. C. laborer, bds. Colorado House
Arnett L. prop, bowling alley, 56 Blake,
bds. People's Restaurant
Arbour A. prop. Capitol Hall saloon, r.
cor. E and Holladay
Art man L. drayman, bds. Larimer, bet.
M and N
Armor John, contractor, r. cor. G and
Champa
Asbury J. Mrs. bds. 66 Holladay
Ashley E. M. chief clerk surveyor gen-
eral's office, r. cor. Curtis and N
Ashley William, surveyor, r. cor. 0 and
Champa
Ashard J. B. contractor and builder, r.
Arapahoe, bet. L and M
Assessor City, E. H. Starrette, office,
Larimer, bet. F and G
Assessor County, Geo. T. Clark, office,
cor. Larimer and F
Assessor Internal Revenue, Daniel
Witter, office, cor. G and Larimer
Atchison House, T. Campbell, prop. Front,
bet. Third and Fourth
Atkins Geo. hostler, -with W. M. Burns,
bds. Washington House
Atkinson G. W. brick moulder, r. Arapa-
hoe av. bet. Fifth and Sixth
Aubrens James, farmer, r. Welton, bet.
L and M
Auditor Territorial, Jf>s. B. Thomp-
son, executive rooms, McCool's bldg.
cor. F and Larimer
Austin Mary Mrs. r. Lawrence, bet. D
and E
BABEY Justin, saloon keeper, cor. K
and Wazee
15abbitt W. laborer, bds. California House
Babcock Geo. r. cor. Arapahoe and M
Babcock E. L. Mrs. milliner, 346 Larimer
Bare S. N. painter, bds. Carr House
Barr Robert, carpenter, bds. Railroad
House
Barbier Prosper, farmer, r. Wazee, bet.
F and G
Bailey G. W. barkeeper, r. Larimer, bet.
G and H
Bailey J. L. propr. Bull's Head corral,
cor. G and Wazee, r. Lawrence, bet. F
and G
Bailey R. B. hostler. Bull's Head corral
Bailey Wm. (col'd), laundryman, coi-. D
and Lawrence
Baxter , with Jones & Co. second-
hand store, 14 Blake
Baxter Ben. J. carpenter, bds. Railroad
House
Baxter J. carpenter, r. Holladay, bet. 0
and P
Baxter, Jas. clerk, with Beatty & Co. 18
Blake
Baker , brick moulder, r. Cheyenne
av. bet. Sixth and Seventh
Baker Andrew, farmer, r. foot Seventh
Baker Wm. J. (Baker & Co.), grocer,
Larimer, bet. F and G
Baker & Co. (Wm. J. Baker and .John H.
Martin), grocers, Larimer, bet. F and G
Baker Jacob (Wolff & Co.), butcher, 58
Blake, r. California, bet. H and I
WHEELER & WILSON Sewing Machine Depot, 205) 0 Street, Denver, Col.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
263
REICHARD & WINNE,
GENERAL INSURANCE AGENTS
DENVER, COLORADO.
Best companies in the world represented.
Losses adjusted at our office.
Baker (Beaker & Co.), grocer, Lari-
mer, bet. F and G
liaker John, speculator, bds, cor. G and
Glen arm
Baker H. A. saloon keeper, 43 Blake, r.
Larimer, nr. Front
Baker William, Colorado Stage Co. bds.
American House
Bassett Anthony (col'd), porter, with
Salomon Bros.
BiUieroft F. J. physician and surgeon,
office cor. F and Larimer, bds. Ameri-
can House
Banks Geo. 0. freighter, r. Holladay,
bet. H and I
Bancroft G. W. speculator, r. Lawrence,
bet. F and G
Bard R. J. barkeeper, Broadwell House
Bates J. E. pres. Denver Ale Brewing
Co. r. cor. Seventh and Ferry
Barndt Thos. carpenter, bds. California
House
Barrett J. waiter, Railroad House
Barnctt W. bds. Charter Oak House
Barnell T. (col'd) barber, 20 Blake
Bartels J. L. grocer, Holladay, bet. E
and F, r. cor. Arapahoe and I
Bartels L. F. grocer, Holladay, bet. E
and F, r, California, bet. F and G
Band City, W. Earl Reid, leader, G. A.
R. Hall, Blake, nr. F
Baur — (Colwell & Baur), confectioner,
etc. cor. Lawrence and G
Barth M. boot and shoe dealer, 1G"9 F,
r. 1G9 F
Barth Wm. boot and shoe dealer, 169 F,
r. cor. G and Stout
Badger J. C. fruit dealer, etc. 198 F
Bacon L. W. carpenter, r. foot of Champa
Barber G. M. bookkeeper, Hallack's
planing mill, r. Glenarm, bet. H and I
Ballin Clias. dry goods merchant, 352
Larimer
Barter T. hostler, with J. Hughes, bds.
Broadwell House
Barnes J. Miss, rooms GG Holladay
Bagley H. J. carpenter, r. California,
bet. M and N
Baldwin E. Mrs. r. Welton, bet. E and F
Bennett Chas. propr. boarding Louse,
Larimer, bet. Front and Cherry
Bennett Elisha, clerk, post office, r. Wel-
ton, bet. D and E
Nortliwestern Iiitnal Life lusiiraiice Co.
Home Office, Milwanliee, Wis.
ASSETS, - - $9,000,000
DR. S. S. WALLIHAJV, Gen'l A,jt.
DENVER, COLORADO.
Bennett H. P. postmaster, r. Champa,
bet. D and E
Bennett W. H. bds. Front, bet. Third
and Fourth
Beade Jas. bds. Tremont House
Beatty Christine, laundress, r. foot of G
Beatty Jas. second-hand dealer, 18 Blake
Beatty W. R. bookkeeper, with J. S.
Brown & Bro. 49 Blake
Berrons M. saloon keeper, cor. AVynkoop
and K
Benton Jesse, laborer, r. cor. I and Blake
Beckstrom L. upholsterer, r. Curtis, bet.
K and L
Benway A. waiter, American House
Bensoff A. laborer, r. foot of Arapahoe
Bell House, W. B. Ladd propr. Cherry,
bet. Fourth and Larimer
Bell A. G. variety store, cor. Larimer
and Cherry
Bell E. M. contractor, r. Capital av. nr.
South E
Bell Sarah (col'd) laundress, r. Arapa-
hoe, bet. M and N
Beyers , laborer, bds. California
House
Betts John, cook. Railroad House
Beck M. clerk, with L. F. Bartels, Hol-
laday, bet. E and F
Bergrer Win. B. cashier Colorado Na-
tional Bank, r. Champa, bet. G and H
Beach J. M. clerk, with AVells, Fargo &
Co. r. Arapahoe, bet. L and M
Beach Wm. laborer, bds. 44 Blake
Bemer, C. G. laborer, r. foot of K
Bement W. S. saloon keeper, r. Holladay,
bet. L and M
Berry B. clerk, with S. Hexter, IGG F
Benedict M. attorney at law, office 337
Larimer
Bergmann T, tailor, 191 F
Beran A. D, physician and surgeon,
office Larimer, bet. F and 0
Benson C. domestic, with Daniel Witter
Benson C. Mrs. domestic, with Daniel
Witter
Benson J. printer, bds. Broadwell House
J3elden , carpenter, with E. A. Wil-
oughby, G, bet. Larimer and Law-
rence
Bclden D. D. (Belden & Powers), attor-
ney at law, office Clayton's bldg. r. cor.
I and Champa
2Gi
DENVER DIIIECTORY.
T!ie Mitel Life Imraiice Co.
Largest and Ijest in the -world.
ASSETS, S»-45,000,000, CASH
CRATER & COBB, Agents,
IIoIliKiiiy Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
[]("l(Icn it Power.S, attorneys at law,
office Clayton's bldg.
Be:iumont J. B. lumber merchant, bds.
Arapahoe, bet. H and I
Berndt J. carpenter, r. I, bet. Lawrence
and Arapahoe
Benton Annie Miss, bds. cor. K and IIol-
laday
Bean 11. P. carpenter, bds. Blake, nr.
Front
Beckwith George C. r. Champa, bet. G
and H
Becker J. butcher, r. California, bet. H
and I
IJonder Louis, propr. soap works, High-
land
Bearce H. B. adjutant general of Colo-
rado, and president Colorado Ag. and
Indus. Ass'n, office 35G Larimer, r.
Highland
Biggs Jas. employe saw mill, bds. Tre-
niont House
Biggs Jesse, carpenter, K V. Junction
Bivens Wm. farmer, bds. Tremont House
Biddle Alf. bds. Metropolitan Restaurant
Bickford L. J. laundress, r. foot of Cherry
Bissell A. trader, oifice cor. F and Hol-
laday
Billings Geo. N. carpenter, r. cor. G and
Curtis
Bibb Geo. R. physician and surgeon, of-
fice and r. Arapahoe, bet. E and F
Bishop R. C. carpenter, r. Lawrence,
bet. K and L
Blanchard Frank, attorney at law, bds.
Tremont House
Blanchard J. J. agt. Eagle Foundry, bds.
Broad well House
Bliss M. C. Mrs. propr. Elephant House,
cor. E and Blake
Bliss Jos. clerk, with W. Richardson, 44
Blake
Bliss Jos. saloon keeper, cor. K and
Wynkoop
Block D. bds. Wasliington Hotel
Block 1). grocer, cor. H and Arapahoe
Block Jos. butcher, r. Lawrence, bet. G
and H
Blake Chas. S. r. San Luis, bet. Sixth
and Seventh
Blake J. A. editor Colorado Tribune, r.
F, bet. California and Welt on
Blair 0. Miss, bds. 75 Holladay
Blair Robert, printer. Herald ofacc, i-.
Curtis, bet. C and D
Borst W. W. freight agent K. V. and D.
P. R. R. office Wazee, bet. K and L
Bowles J. carpenter, bds. AVashingion
House
Bowles Joseph, carpenter, bds. ^Missouri
House
BohlemannH. cabinet maker, Avith Smith
& Doll
Bown J. B. pastry cook, American House
Boyd J. G. train despatcher, K, P. Ry.
bds. American House
Bond H. G. attorney at law, office, Holla-
day, nr. F
Bonner J. saloon keeper, Holladay, bet.
F and G
Bornholdt J. porter, with F. A. Brocker
Boz.ier H. (col'd), laborer, bds. HoUada}-,
bet. G and H
Bonsall J. H. draftsman and surveyor,
l)ds. Curtis, bet. G and H
Boone L. (col'd), laborer, r. Champa,
bet. K and L
Boone ]\L (col'd), laundress, r. Champa,
bet. K and L
Boone Mattie Miss, bds. 75 Holladay
Boolsen C. carpenter, r. cor. K and
Blake
Bostwick J. F. attorney at law, office,
Roper's blk. bds. Broadwell
Booth S. C. carpenter, r. Arapahoe, bet.
L and M
Booth A. teamster, bds. Arapahoe, bet.
L and M
Boyce N. Miss, prop, private boarding
house, cor. F and Arapahoe
Bowman G. J. butcher, cor. Arapahoe
and H
Bnnser S. plasterer, r. cor. M and Stout
Bottles J. F. contractor, r. Welton, bet.
L and M
Broa ]\Iaggie, waiter, Tremont House
Broadwell J. M. stock dealer, Broadwell
House
Brown A. K. carpenter, r. Welton, bet.
H and I
Brown A. florist, bds. Colorado House
Brown E. H carpenter, bds. Carr House
Brown C. H. laborer, bds. I, bet. Wiwatta
and Wynkoop
Brown C. H. clerk, with J. S. Brown &
Bro. 49 Blake
Brown George, carpenter, r. Stout, bet.
L and M
Brown Geo. W. blacksmith, bds. Wash-
ington House
Brown (lieo. >V. banker, 345 Larimer,
bds. American Ho)ise
Brown H.C.real estate and money broker,
office, Larimer, nr. Front, r. Broadway,
bet. Cofield and Brown
SEWING MACHINE THREAD, SILK and OIL, at 209 G St., Denrer, Col.
DENVER DIliECTORY.
265
Liverpool, aM Loiiloii anil Ciiolie
IXSURAXCE CO.
ASSETS, OVER - $18,000,000
REICHARD Si. WINNE,
AfjPtits for Colorado, DEyVEIt.
Brown II. G. mercbant, bJs. Pennsylva-
nia House
Brown H. R. painter, r. cor. South E
and Capitol av.
Browu J. bds. Tremont House
Brown J. F. (J. S. Brown & Bro.), r.
cor. E and Welton
Brown J. S. & Brother, whol. grocers, 49
Blake, r. cor. E and Stout
Brown Isaac (col'd), saloon, G, bet. Blake
and HoUaday
Browne S. E. (Browne, Harrison & Put-
nam), attorney at law, office, 383 Lari-
mer, r. Larimer, bet. Q and R
Bro^^Tie, Harrison & Putiram, (Sam.
E. Browne, N. Harrison and T. G. Put-
nam), att'ysatlaw, office, 383 Larimer
Browne T.'prop. Eagle Laundry Cherry,
bet. Fourth and Larimer
Browne JI. Mrs. laundress, r. cor. Third
and Cherry
Browne W. C. commercial traveler, bds.
Tremont House
Browne L. M. actor, Denver Theatre,
cor. G and Lawrence
Bradburn AV. L. blacksmith and wagon-
maker, cor. Wazee and F
Brewster J. M. stock dealer, bds. Carr
House
Braun T. F. civil engineer, office, 145 F
Brinker A. A\'. (I. Briuker & Co.), grocer,
cor. F and Blake, bds. American House
Briuker Isaac & Co. (Isaac Brinker and
A. W. Brinker), grocers, cor. F and
Blake, bds. American House
Bridges C. F. agt. Erie and Pacific Dis-
patch, office, at K. P. R'y office
Brinker 0. with I. Brinker & Co. bds.
American House
Brewer G. G. tobacco, etc. Larimer, bet.
F and G, bds. American House
Broadwell House, S. R. Edwards, prop.
cor. Larimer and G
Briggs A. W. bds. Hatten House, Law-
rence, bet. G and H
Briggs S. C. blacksmith and wagonmaker,
cor. F and Wiwatta
Briggs H. L. r. Ferry, bet. Fourth and
Lirimer
Brannigan M. teamster, bds. Missouri
House
Brannigan S. miner, bds. Missouri House
Brocker F. A. grocer, 187 F, r. same
XORTHWESTERX
Mutual Life Insurance Co.
OF JIILW'AUKEE, ■NVI.S.
MEMBEKSHIP, - OVER 35,000
DB. S. S. V7ALL'HA:T, C-ei'l kt-, Seive:.
Broocker Justin, with H. Burton, Roper's
blk.
Brooker L. E. stationery dealer, F, nr.
Larimer
Brevoort H. N. tobacco dealer, 198 F,
bds. Broadwell
Brunner R. drayman, r. Holladay, bet.
L and M
Breckenridge G. E. contractor, r. cor. F
and Curtiss
Breed G. T. prop, restaurant, Larimer,
nr. cor. G
Brnnswiek S.mnfg. jeweller and watch-
maker, Clayton's blk. Larimer, nr. F
Erainard T. C. r. Stout, bet. E and F
Brosuan P. Mrs. r. Stout, bet. F and G
Brooks Orson, U. S. Commissioner and
life ins. agt. r. cor. M and California
Burnham J. cook, Tremont House
Butler J. H. painter, bds. Depot House
Butler AV. moulder, bds. Missouri House
Buckner C. Miss (col'd), laundress, r.
AVynkoop, bet. I and K
Buckner Felix (col'd), teamster, bds.
Champa, bet. G and H
Burns A. baker, r. foot of F
Burns E. Miss, domestic, with F. A. Clark
Burns J. J. gas fitter, bds. AVashington
House
Burns John, stone mason, r. K, bet. AVa-
zee and Blake
Burns AV. M. prop, livery stable, G, bet.
Holladay and Larimer
Bush B. P. manager AV. U. Tel. Co. r.
cor. Colfax av. and F
Bush H. upholsterer, with V. Kreig, 049
Larimer
Burton H. Boston shoe store, Roper's
blk. r. F, cor. Arapahoe
Burton John, gunsmith, with M. L. Rood,
141 F
Buck H. baker, 30 Blake
Buckley M. laborer, r. Parkinson, bet.
E and F
Buckley P. laborer, r. Parkinson, bet. E
and F
Buckley Thomas, laborer, r. cor. M and
Larimer
Buckley M. gas fitter, r. cor. M and Lar-
imer
BnckHn & Clark, (A\\ C. Bucklin and
Geo. T. Clark), grocers, Clayton's bldg.
cor. F and Larimer
206
DENVER DIRECTORY.
THE iETNA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY
OF HA-ieTFOE-X).
>e®=- Assets, nearly six million doUars.'SJa
Losses paid, S27,OUO,COO in 51 years.
NEEDS NO COMMENDATION.
Ckatek & Cobb, Agents, Holladay Street,
0pp. Mint, Denver, Col.
Buckingham R.G. physician and surgeon,
office, Cole's blli. r. cor. E and Champa
Buchanan D. printer, News office, bds.
Champa, bet. I and K
Burdsall C. physician, r. cor. Cheyenne
av. and Fourth
Burdsall Alice C. teacher, r. cor. Chey-
enne av. and Fourth
Burnett A. Mrs. laundress, r. cor. Front
and Fourth
Buttrick L. butcher, r. Ferry, bet. Sixth
and Seventh
Butteas J. waiter. Railroad House
Burke E. J. telegraph repairer, r. cor.
N and Lawrence
Burnell S. carpenter shop and r. cor. G
and Holladay
Boutelle Geo. V. M. surveyor, r. Larimer,
bet. G and H
Byers W. N. general manager National
Land Co. and editor and prop. Kocky
Mountain News, office, News bldg.
r. cor F and Arapahoe
CALIFORNIA HOUSE, Fourth, nr.
Front. J. Weinshink prop.
Carey J. laborer, bds. Calit'oriiia House
Carey Thos. hostler, with A. Templeton
Campbell Thomas, saloon and boarding
Louse keeper, Front, bet. Third and
Fourth
Campbell Kate Miss, waiter, Bell House
Campbell Fannie Miss, chambermaid.
Bell House
Campbell I. N. plasterer, r. cor. Ferry
and Ninth
Campbell Sarah Mrs. r. cor. Stout and G
Campbell Thos. B. bds. Broadwell House
Carr Mary, bds. Tremont House
Carr William, gas fitter, bds. Washington
House
Carr S. H. prop. Carr House
Carr House, F, bet. Wynkoop and Wi-
watta
Carr George, cook, Broadwell House
Carroll H. bricklayer, bds. Washington
House
Carroll Daniel, laborer, bdg. Washington
House
Camelleri Nick, propr. Denver Pacific
restaurant, r. Blake, bet. H and I
Carpenter S. P. contractor, bds. Ameri-
can House
Carpenter Charles, with C. M. Stebbins,
Blake, nr. F
Cain J. waiter, Broadwell House
Cashman M. brewer, r. cor. Arapahoe
and Fourth
Cashman Nora Miss, domestic, with John
Evans
Casey J. G. drayman, r. Cherry, bet.
Second and Third
Casey John, teanis^ter, r. Cherry, bet.
Second and Third
Casey Wm. carpenter, K. P. Junction
Carter W. T. life ins. agt. r. Arapahoe av.
bet. Fifth and Sixtli
Carter J. (col'd), waiter, Hatten House
Catlin Anna Miss, cook, Sniitli House
Catlin Maggie Mrs. r. Champa, bet. G
and H
Cadwell E. A. drug clerk (with W. S.
Cheesman), 08 Blake
Cass J. B. (Gill & Cass), real estate bro-
ker, office, Holladay, bet. F and G, r.
cor. Curtis and G
Cassell D. bds. Arapahoe, bet. E and F
Case F. M. civil engineer, office cor.
Lawrence and G, r. Lawrence, bet. V
and AV
Case M. F. speculator, r. Holladay, bet.
M and N
Ciesar John (coFd), cigamiaker, bds. cor.
Lawrence ami G
Castle Frank, carpenter, Kansas Pacific
R. R. Junction
Cann , blacksmith, r. Arapahoe, bet.
K and L
Calsen P. carpenter, Kansas Pacific R.
R. Junction
Carrol M. laborer, bds. Curtis, bet. E
and F
Carson G. W. painter, bds. F, bet. Blake
and Larimer
Cavanaugh Thos. laborer, r. cor. Curtis
and D
Chamberlain John, bds. Tremont House
Cliamberlain W. G. photographic art-
ist, cor. Larimer and F
Chamberlain Geo. W. attorney at law, r.
Welton, bet. H and I
Champion Kate Miss, r. cor. Holladay
and H
Chamard Margaret (widow), r. Law-
rence, bet. G and H
Chandler T. J. bricklayer, r. cor. San
Luis and Eighth
Chandler A. P. bricklayer, r. W'ynkoop,
bet. H and I
Chapman G. farmer, r. Larimer, bet. G
andH
Charpiot F. restaurant, cor. Holladay
and F, r. cor. Clency and E
Charpiot G. cook, r. Holladay, bet. G
and H
For reference respecting best Sewing Machine, call at 209 G St., Denver, Col.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
267
SECUIjlTY INSURANCE CO.
NEW YORK.
ASSETS, OVER - - $3,000,000
TvEICHAED & WINNE,
Aijeiits for Colorado, DENVER.
Charles &; Elbert (J. Q. Charles and S.
H. Elbert), attorneys at law, office 337
Larimer
Charles J. Q. (Charles & Elbert), attor-
ney at law, r. cor. Curtis and F
Charter Oak House, C. Murphy, prop.
cor. I and Wazee
Chase , carpenter, bds. Front, bet.
Third and Fourth
Chase J. prop. Cricket Hall, r. cor.
Blake and I
Chase E. pawn broker, r. Blake, bet. I & K
Chase J. r. cor. Cheyenne av. and Sixili
Chatnian Annie, bds. cor. Holladay and H
Chever D. A. secy D. H. R. R. Co. bds.
Larimer, bet. G and H
Chever Geo. B. capitalist
Chever Chas. G. real estate broker
Chew G. B. real estate broker, office 347
Larimer
Cherot C. A. clerk, with Y. Kreig
Cherot A. druggist, bds. Lawrence, bet.
GandH
Chicago Sa.sh Factory, H. R. Green,
prop. cor. Larimer and Front
Clioesuian W. S. druggist, 88 Blake
Cherry Jas. hostler at Elephant corral,
Blake
Christman M. tailor, Blake, nr. Front
Christ Ida Miss, rooms 170 Holladay
City .Jail, Front, bet, Larimer and Fourth
City Hall, Larimer, bet. E and F
City Clerk's Office, Clayton's bldg. cor.
Larimer and F
City Collector's Office, Larimer, bet. F
and G
Clemens C. bds. Washington House
Clelland James, clerk, with C. M. Sleb-
bins, Blake, nr. F
Clelland George, clerk, with H. H. Mund,
r. Curtis, bet. I and H
Clark L. ranchero, bds. Broadwell
Clark C. T. clerk, bds. Ferry, bet. Sixth
and Seventh
Clark R. laborer, r. cor Cheyenne av.
and Seventh
Clark W. S. trader, bds. San Luis, bet.
Eighth and Ninth
Clark Wm. carpenter, bds. Bell House
Clark H. C. auctioneer, with Strickler &
JIahar, bds. Welton, bet. F and G
Clark J. with J. H. Eastabrook, bds. Hol-
laday, bet. F and G
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE
INSURANCE CO.
SS-A. PURELY MUTUAL COMPAXT.
Dr. S. S. Wallihan, Gen'l Agt., Denver.
Clark George T. (Bucklin & Clark),
grocer, city clerk, cor. F and Lari-
mer, r. cor. Arapahoe and G
Clark , carpenter, bds. F, bet. Law-
rence and Larimer
Clark Fred. A. Colorado Stage Co. r.
Curtis, bet. G and II
Clark Alex, mason, r. Glenarm, bet. H
and I
Clarke Clarence J. (Woolworth, Moffat
& Clarke), books, stationerj', etc., Post
Office bldg. r. cor. G and Larimer
Clements C. B. attorney at law, r. cor.
Lincoln and Clements
Clements H. r. cor. Lincoln and Clements
Cleghan W. bds. Bell House
Clavton T. S. clerk, with George Tritch,
139 F
Clayton's Building, cor. F and Larimer
Clayton G. W. vice-prest. First National
Bank, office Clayton's bldg. entrance
on F
Clinton S. C. with Sprague & Webb, r.
Stout, bet. L and M
Clifford M. D. lumber merchant, r. Wel-
ton, bet. F and G
Clifford T. bds. Welton, bet. F and G
Clougll Henry A. judge probate court,
bds. American House
Clough J. (B. F. Johnson & Co.), real
estate and ins. agt. etc. office Larimer,
nr. F
Clough C. bds. cor. L and Lawrence
Cook J. shoemaker, r. Blake, nr. Front
Cook G. prop. Rialto House, Blake, nr.
Front
Cook J. A. speculator, bds. Ferry, bet.
Sixth and Seventh
Cook D. jailor, county jail, bds. Larimer,
bet. G and H
Cook C. H. Mrs. (widow), r. cor. Eighth
and Ferry
Courtney M. S. stock dealer, bds. Tre-
mont House
Corbett W. F. (Robinson & Corbett),
painter, 211 G, r.Wyukoop, bet. H and I
Colorado Central i)ei)ot, freight and
ticket office, Wazee, bet. K and L, J.
B. Shepherd, gen. frgt. and ticket agt.
Colorado Daily Tribune, office and
editorial rooms, Tribune bldg. U5 F
Colorado >'ational IJanli, A. Kountze
pres. cor. F and Holladay
2G8
DENVER DIRECTORY,
"^ " OF NEW YORK.
Cash Secnrit.y, Four Million Dollars. Large Lines,
Liberal Kates, Fair Adjustments.
CHA-TEH «fc COBB, .A.gts.,
, Ilolladay Street, opp. Mint,
DENVER, - - - COLORADO.
Colorado House, C. Kaufman, prop.
Blake, bet. E and F
Coleman T. W. gas fitter, bds. Washing-
ton House
Colwell & Baur, confectioners, etc. cor.
G and Lawrence
Colston W. E. carpenter, bds. Carr House
Cole Frank, stock raiser, r. Blake, bet.
H and I
Cole L. H. cattle dealer, r. "Wazee, bet.
H and I
Cole's Block, Larimer, bet. F and G
County Assessor's Office, Larimer, cor.
F, Geo. T. Clark, assessor
County Conunissioiiers' Office, Lari-
mer, bet. F and G
County Coroner's Office, R- L. Ilatten,
coroner, Larimer, bet. F and G
County Physician's Office, Larimer,
bet. F and G
Court Probate, Larimer, bet. F and G,
Henry A. Clougb, judge
Court Supreme, rooms Larimer, bet. F
and G, M. F. Hallet, chief justice
Colorado Brewery, M. Sigi, prop. cor.
San Luis and Larimer
Colorado Stage Co. office, cor. Holladay
and F, J. H. Jones, agt.
County Jail, D. Cook, jailor, Larimer,
bet. E and F
County Hospital, cor. Eighth and Ferry
County Treasurer's Office, A. R. Lin-
coln, treasurer, Larimer, bet. F and G
County Clerk's Office, W. D. Anthony,
clerk, Larimer, bet. F and G
County Surveyor's Office, C. A. Deane,
surveyor, Larimer, bet. F and G
Courts Police, Blake, nr. Front and Lari-
mer, bet. F and G
Corcoran Pat. carpenter, bds. Rocky
Mountain House
Corcoran M. carpenter,bds. Rocky Moun-
tain House
Cone A. J. carpenter, bds. Carr House
Cone Charlotte Mrs. (widow), r. Arapa-
hoe, bet. M and N
Cone A. T. Mrs. dealer in hairwork,
hair jewelry, etc. Larimer, opposite
Broadwell House
Conners Dennis, laborer, bds. Curtis,
bet. E and F
Collins James, bds. Broadwell House
Collins S. T. clerk, First National Bank
Collins J. L. bricklayer, r. Stou/, bet.
H and I
Cornforth Birks, grocer, 14G F, r.
Holladay. bet. H and I
Cowell William, grocer, 144 F, r. Stout,
bet. H and I
Cowell C. E. clerk, with W. Cowell,
144 F
Cowell E. R. plasterer, r. Arapahoe, bet.
E and F
Conway E. R. (AV. B. Daniels & Co.),
157 F, bds. American House
Coiield J. B. capitalist, bds. American
House
Copeland George, machinist, r. foot of
Seventh
Cobb P. R. private boarding bouse, Lari-
mer, nr. Front
Cobb , real estate broker, bds. Lari-
mer, bet. H and I
Cobb F. M. stock dealer, r. Stout, bet.
D and E
Cobb Chas. D. (Crater & Cobb), ins. and
gen. agt. othce Holladay, bet. F and G,
r. Arapahoe, bet. K and L
Cochran James, barkeeper, r. Front, bet.
Fourth and Larimer
Cochran S. foreman Hallack's planing
mill, r. cor. K and Holladay
Cort D. T. clerk, with W. B. Daniels &
Co. bds. Tremont House
Cort Mary E. Mrs. (widow), teaches
painting, r. Welton, bet. E and F
Connell E. blacksmith, r. Champa, bet.
K and L
Connor W. B. watchmaker, with A. B.
Ingols
Conner Anna Miss, cook, Colorado House
Courvoisier A. watchmaker, Larimer,
nr. G
Connelly Mary, cook, Hatten House
Connelly David, speculator, r. Curtis,
bet. F and G
Colored School, E. H. Richardson, prin-
cipal, cor. L and Arapahoe
Coii^^reg'ational Chnrcli, F, bet. Law-
rence and Arapahoe
Conway F. contractor, r. Larimer, bet.
G and H
Cohen R. grocer, cor. H and Arapahoe
Conway E. laborer, r. Stout, bet. D and E
Cody M. J. expressman, r. Champa,
bet. E and F
Coberly W. D. stock dealer, r. cor. Colfax
av. and South F
Commuck Therese, domestic, with A. C.
Hunt
Crater D. W. attorney at law and clerk
supreme court, office, Tappan blk.
Crater , brakesman, D. P. Ry. bds.
Front, bet. Third and Fourth
^V HEELER & WILSON HIGHEST PREMIUM SEWING MACHINE.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
269
ISriGW YORIv.
Assets, over - - . $600,000
REICHARD &. WINNE, Agents,
DENVER, - - - COLORADO.
Crater «S: Cobb (Geo. E. Crater and Chas.
D. Cobb), ins. and gen. agts. Ilolladay,
bet. F and G
Crater Geo. E. (Crater & Cobb), insur-
ance and general agt. Holladay, bet.
F and G
Crawford Thomas, machinist, bds. Tre-
mont House
Crawford A. domestic, with .T. 0. .Jordan,
Welt on, bet. F and G
Crane D. W. stock dealer, bds. Tremont
House
Craven James, laborer, bds. Carr House
Craig W. H. farmer, bds. Railroad House
Craig H.C carpenter, bds. Railroad House
Craig M. J. Mrs. r. cor. K and Wazee
Craig H. H. bds. Cherry, bet. Fifth and
Sixth
Craig A. stock manager S. 0. Mail and
Express Co. cor. H and Wazee
Craig S. A. (D. Tom Smith & Co.), livery
stable prop. Holladay, bet. F and G
Crump C. Mrs. (col'd), laundress, r. Wa-
zee, bet. G and H
Crouch T. B. waiter, American House
Crowder D. laborer, r. cor. Arapahoe av.
and Foui-th
Crowley J. blacksmitli, r. cor. Ferry and
Third
Crabtree M. J. Mrs. r. Terry, bet. Fourth
and Fifth
Crosswaite W. E. bds. Bell House
Crumb A. J. Mrs. monthly nurse, bds.
Bell House
Crocker F. B. (Scudder & Crocker), gro-
cer, 51 Blake, r. Cherry, bet. Larimer
and Sixth
Cramer S. M. tinsmith, r. cor. Sixth and
Front
Cramer A. C. carpenter, r. cor. Holladay
and L
Cramer Fred, carpenter, r. cor. L and
Lawrence
Craft .J. N. clerk, with M. L. Rood, 141
F, bds. Eureka House.
Cram F. W. (G. W. Kassler & Co.), mer-
chant and gen. ins. agt. r. E, bet. Lar-
imer and Lawrence
Crawson F. clerk, with C. E. Pooler
Cromwell J. B. clerk, with Woolworth,
Moffat & Clarke, Post Office bldg.
Crandall Laura, r. cor. H and Holladay
Cros's F. C. turner, cor. G and Holladay
NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Co.
DR. S. S. WALLIUAN, Geti'l Atjt.
DENVER, COLOKADO.
Cross Leonard, tinsmith, bds. Curtis, bet.
C and D
Craddock Rachel, domestic, with Mrs.
Williams, Arapahoe, bet. M and N
CruU W. M. supt. Indian agency, r. cor.
G and Glenarm
Crosby P. laborer, K. P. Junction
Curran John, tinsmith, bds. Washington
House
Currigan M. B. plasterer, bds. Washing-
ton House
Curtis A. hostler, Mammoth corral, bds.
Carr House
Curtis C. T. (Curtis & Alston), prop, res-
taurant, F, bet. Wazee and Wynkoop
Curtis & Alston (C. T. Curtis and David
Alston), restaurant, etc., F, bet. AV'azee
and Wynkoop
Curtis T. P. saddler, bds. F, bet. Wazee
and Wynkoop
Curtis W. H. clerk, Broadwell House
Curtis R. bookkeeper, U. S. Branch Mint,
r. Curtis, bet. F and G
Curtis J. domestic, with H. P. Bennett
Curtice W. J. employ^ U. S. Brancli Mint,
r. Ferry, bet. Seventh and Eightli
Curtice L. A. real estate broker, etc., r.
Cheyenne av. bet. Seventh and Eighth
Curley H. Mrs. chambermaid. Railroad
House
Cull M. bds. Rocky Mountain House
Culver J. D. bds. Bell House
Cutting AValter J. carpenter, r. Law-
rence, bet. E and F
Cutler L. W. contractor, r. Welton, bet.
E and F
Cyr S. A. watchmaker, 353 Larimer
DAILEY J. L. printer, r. South F,
nr. Colfax av.
Dailey M. C. speculator, bds. Tremont
House
Daily Anthony, laborer, r. Stout, bet. E
and F
Daly Patrick, bds. K, bet. Wazee & lUake
Daniels A. B. r. cor. Curtis and G
Daniels Chas. barkeeper, 5<5 Blake
Daniels Jacob, carpenter, r. Curti.«, bet.
K and L
Daniels W. B. (Daniels & Eckhart), dry
goods, 359 Larimer
Daniels W. B. & Co. clothing emporium,
157 F
270
DENVER DIRECTORY.
iMraice Co. of Ml kmm
OF PHILADELPHIA.
Oldest Companv in the United Stiites. Cash Assets,
nearly Tliiee"MilIion Dollars. Fii e Losses paid,
S'24',000,000 in 76 years. Ability for future
service unimpaired.
Crater &. Cobb, Agents, Holladay Street, opp. Mint,
icrw-EiR.. GO
Danielson F. M. photographer, Roper's
blk. bds. French restaurant
Danielson J. M. ]\Irs. milliner, bds. Lari-
mer, bet. G and H
Dauglierty Eli, marble works, Fifth,
bet. Cherry and Front
Davis C. C. refiner, U. S. mint, bds,
American House
Davis D. M. carpenter, K. P. Junction
Davis John, bds. Pennsylvania House
Davis Lillie, bds. cor. K and Holladay
Davis Mary Mrs. (widow), r. Larimer,
bet. F and G
Davis Mary, domestic, with Mrs. A. Kline
Davis Mary Mrs. dressmaker, r. cor.
Third and Front
Davis Samuel S. barkeeper, r. cor. Third
and Front
Davis Sanford, turnkey, county jail, bds.
Lawrence, bet. D and E
Davis Tillman, asst. jailor, bds. Law-
rence, bet. D and E
Davis William, bds. Front, bet. Third
and Fourth
Davison Alex, brewer, r. Wynkoop, bet.
F and G
Dea Daniel, lives with P. P. Gomer
Dean John, saloon keeper, cor. E & Blake
Deane C. A. county surveyor, Larimer,
bet. F and G, r. South C and Capitol av.
Dedrick Albert, cook. People's restau-
rajit, 42 Blake
Deitch Nicholas, barber, r. Fourth, bet.
Ferry and Cherry
Deitscll & Bro., dry goods merchants,
cor. F and Larimer
Deitsch Isidor (Deitsch & Bro.), cor. F
and Larimer
Deitsch Jacob, clerk, bds. American
House
Deitsch Jonas (Deitsch & Bro.), r. Arapa-
hoe, bet. F and G
Delavanty Miss, bds. 75 Holladay
De Lappe J. A. clerk, "One Price"
clothing store, r. cor. Cherry & Sixth
De Lappe Mary, dressmaker, cor. Cherry
and Sixth
De Soto Jos6 D. professor of languages,
r. Front, bet. Larimer and Fourth
Deleny Ada (widow), r. Fifth, bet. Ferry
and San Luis
Deline J. M. carpenter, bds. Holladay,
bet. Fund G
Denver Breivingr Co., Ferry, bet.
Fourth and Fifth
Denver Fonndry and Machine Shop,
Cheyenne av. bet. Fifth and Sixth
Denver Gas Co. Jas. Archer, pres. oitice
Larimer, nr. G
Denver Hook and Ladder Co. No. 1,
Lawrence, bet. F and G
Denver House, John C. Ruffncr, prop.
10.5 F
Denver Pacific Railway, freight and
ticket oitice, Wazee, bet. K and L
Denver Theatre, cor. G and Lawrence,
J. S. Langrishe, prop.
Denver Terra Cotta Foundry, cor. N and
Arapahoe
Denver Woolen Mnfg'. Co. Arapahoe
av. bet. Fifth and Sixth
Dend C. T. veterinary surgeon, r. cor. E
and Clency
DenistonAV. W. police justice, office. City
Hall, r. cor. Bromlway and Capitol av.
Denslow I\L bds. Ferry, bet. Sixth and
Seventh
Dent George W. bricklayer, bds. Bell
House
Depot House, .John Eames, prop. cor. K
and Wynkoop
Dercley Hubert, carpenter, bds. Wash-
ington House
Perry Portia Miss, domestic, cor. I and
Larimer
Detrick Frank, bricklayer, r. Arapahoe,
bet. E and F
Devine Josh, laborer, with L. Bender,
Highland
Deavlin Honora, laundress, r. Second,
bet. Front and Cherry
Dewitt George, bds. Tremont House
Dibble A. machinist, Blake, nr. Frot^t
Dickinson Anna, laundress, r. Larimer,
bet. L and M
Dickinson Cassius, hostler, with W. J.
Palmer
Dickinson Mr. r. Wiwatta and Wynkoop
Dickinson J bds. Wiwatta and Wynkoop
Dickinson John S. physician, r. and office
347 Larimer
Dickey J. P. (Knowlton & Dickey), bds.
Tremont House
Diffendorlfen Geo. S. bookkeeper, rooms
cor. K and Larimer
Dillon E. teamster, r. Cheyenne av. bet.
Sixth and Seventh
Dillon J. C. clerk, bds. Metropolitan
restaurant
Dillon Maggie, dressmaker, F, bet. Lar-
imer and Lawrence
Dimmen Matt, blacksmith, cor. F and
Wiwatta
District Conrt, first judicial district,
office, Larimer, bet. F and G
AJarrar&Co.,Agts.Whecler&WiIsonSeTOgMEcliiries,fcrColorado,Wyoining&N.Mexico.
DENVER DIRECTORY,
271
INSURANCE
Of any kind to place, will conserve their
interests by consulting
HEICHAItD & iriNyE, General Agents,
DENVER, COLORADO.
Uobbs John, brakeman, D. P. Ry. bds.
Depot House
Dohson H. lather, hds. Curtis, bet. E & F
Dobson Jas. carpenter, bds. Curtis, bet.
E and F
Dodd , carpenter, rooms cor. G and
Ilolladay
Dodson Isa Miss, domestic, with W. C.
Kingsley
Dodge D. C. gen. agt. K. P. Ry. r. Law-
rence, bet. K and L
Dolan Jas. stonemason, bds. Charter Oak
House
Doll Louis (Smith & Doll), furniture
dealer, r. Fourth, bet. Ferry & Cherry
Donahue James, laborer, bds. Charter
Oak House
Donnelly Chas. contractor, r. Stout, bet.
D and E
Donnelly E. dry goods, cor. E and Larimer
Donavan Thos. boarding house keeper,
Blake, bet. F and G
Doubekin Geo. laborer, r. K. P. Junction
Doolittle J. K. dry goods dealer, 350
Larimer
Dorsey S. C. carpenter, bds. Larimer,
bet. G and H
Doug^las J. W. crockery and glassware,
r. cor. H and Lawrence
Douglas P. S. clerk, bds. American House
Douglas W. clerk, bds. Broadwell House
Downing Geo. laborer, bds. Washington
House
Downing J. attorney at law, Larimer,
bet. G and H
Doyle Jas. carpenter, K. P. Junction
Doyle Pat. laborer, bds. Elephant House
Dozier J. L. clerk, 25 Blake
Drake A. teamster, bds. cor H and Blake
Drake Frank, driver, Denver Transfer i
Co. bds. Broadwell House
Drake , painter, bds. cor. H & Blake
])raughn G. E. waiter, American House
Drixler Fred, laborer, r. Stout, bet. G
and H
Drennen AVilliam, stock dealer, bds. Tre-
mont House
Drew Frank, saddler, 47 Blake
Driscoll F. A. clerk, with J. R. Early
DiiscoU John, gardener, r. Blake, bet. K
and L
Drixlien Martin, r. cor. Arapahoe av.
and Sixth
NOETHWESTERN MUTUAL
ALL POLICIES NON-FORFEITING.
Dr. S. S. Wallihan, General A-c-nt,
DENVEIt, - - - COZOHADO.
Droz J. A. watchmaker, Larimer, nr. G
Driimniond R. laborer, r. cor. Sheridan
and Broadway
Dubois Louis, livery keeper, r. G, bet.
Lawrence and Arapahoe
Dufere Chas. cook, F st. Lunch House
Diiliem Bros, photographers, Larimer,
bet. F and G
Duhem C. (Duhem Bros.), photographer,
Larimer, bet. F and G
Duhem Victor, (Duhem Bros.), photo-
grapher, Larimer, bet. F and G
Dugan Jas. carpenter, K. P. Junction
Dudley Wni. A. physician and surgeon,
r San Luis, nr. Larimer
Dunican John, ivory dealer, bds. Broad-
M'ell House
Dunn J. T. clerk, Tremont House
Dunham Wright, r. Larimer, bet. K & L
Dunnison Wm. G. r. Arapahoe, bet. E & F
Durkee C. 0. clerk, r. San Luis, nr. Lar-
imer
Duval Ben. barber, bds. Pennsylvania
House
Duncan Merritt (col'd), r. Holladay, bet.
G and H
Duncan , carpenter, bds. Larimer,
bet. G and H
Dupree & Co. props. Melvin House,
Holladay, bet. F and G
EAMES JOHN, prop. Depot House,
cor. K and Wynkoop
Early J. R. & Co. crockery, etc. 356 Lar-
imer
Early J. R. (J. R. Early & Co.), r. Law-
rence, bet. H and I
Eaton Cyrus (W. S. Walker & Co.), liquor
merchant, Larimer, bet. F and G
Earle E. A. merchant, bds. Arapahoe,
bet. H and I
Eaves Octavia (col'd), chambermaid, cor.
H and Holladay
East Denver Public School, Mrs.
Townsley, principal, cor. E and Ara-
pahoe
Eckhart J.M. (Daniels &^Eckhart). gen.
dry goods merchant, 357 and 350 Lari-
mer
Edom Wm. laborer, r. Cherry, bet. Sixth
and Seventh
Edwards J. Mrs. dressmaker, F, bet.
Larimer and Lawrence
itz
DENVER DIRECTORY.
CONMEHTALFIREIHSnEAHCECO.
Cash Assets, nearly Three Million Dollars. Poli-
cies on the I'arlicjiiatinii Plan. Holders share in
the profits without liability. For particulars and
l)olicie8 in this sterling company, apply to
CJtATER & COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
Edwards J. J. commercial agt. r. F, bet.
Larimer and Lawrence
Edward Charles, engraver, -with Hense
& Gottesleben, r. Curtis, bet. I and K
Edwards S. R. prop. Broadwell House,
cor. G and Larimer
Edmonds Charles, painter, bds. Ferry,
bet. Sixth and Seventh
Equil M. brewer, cor. Cheyenne av. and F
EUerschewitz F. tailor, bds. cor. Cherry
and Fourth
Elder Henry G. assayer, r. San Luis, bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Elluschervick F. tailor, Blake, bet. E
and F
Elephant House, Mary C. Bliss, prop.
cor. E and Blake
Elephant Corral, Blake, bet. E & F,
T. W. Farmer, prop.
Elbert S. H. (Chariest Elbert), attorney,
C37 Larimer, r. cor. E and Arapahoe
Elderkin W. A. capt. and C. S., U. S. A.
office, McCool's bldg. r. Champa, bet.
K and L
Elsuor J. physician and surgeon, Lari-
mer, bet. F and G
Elder C. P. speculator, office, cor. E and
Larimer
Eldridge F. B. bds. Arapahoe, bet. H & I
Eldridge M. bds. Arapahoe, bet. H & I
Elsworth Nellie, rooms 70 Holladay
Emerson L. RL carpenter, r. F, bet. Cal-
ifornia and Welton
Epstein Julius, teamster, r. Larimer, bet.
P and Q
Ermerins Bertha Mrs. milliner, cor. G and
Larimer
Ermerins John, physician, oflRce, cor.
F and Larimer, r. cor. G and Larimer
Estabrook C. J. teller Colorado National
Bank, r. Curtis, bet. F and G
Estabrook J. H. liveryman, Holladay, bet.
F and G
Estabrook G. H. liveryman, Holladay,
bet. F and G
Esbenson Hans, bds. foot of Arapahoe
Evans John, pres. D. P. Ry. office, cor.
F & Blake, upstairs, r. E, cor. Arapahoe
Evans Hugh, steward, Broadwell House
Evans Thomas, carpenter, with E. A
WiUoughby
Evans , carpenter, bds. Champa, bet.
F and G
Evans Thomas N. carpenter, r. Champa,
nr. Ford Park
Excelsior Flouring Mills, cor. Sixth and
Arapahoe av. J. W. Smith & Co. projis.
Eyser Chas. architect and builder, bds.
Colorado House
EystPr C. S. judge district court, .Ara-
pahoe county, r. cor. Araj)ahoe and G
FARRATl ARTHUR & CO. (Arthur
F. andFiskFarrar),agls. Wheeler &
Wilson Sewing Machines, 200 G
FARRAR FISK (Arthur Farrar & Co.),
aait. Wheeler & Wilson Scw'g Machine,
209 G
Fairbanks C. H. (col'd), barber, bds. cor.
I and Lawrence
Farmer F. C. conductor, K. P. Ry. r.
Stout, bet. K and L
Fr.rmer T. W. prop. Elephant Corral,
Blake, bet. E and F
FarwcU S. T. Jr. clerk, with ^\ . Cowell,
140 F
Failing II. II. teamster, r. Cherry, bet.
Second and Tliird
Farron Thonuis, minstrel, r. Blake, bet.
H and I
Feind C. II. cigars and tobacco, 42 F,
bds. 42 F
Fernan Henry, bookkeeper, with Brocker,
187 F, bds. American House
Fetter Philip, r. Arapahoe, bet. E and F
Ferguson A. physician, bds. P>ell House
Fee Susan, r cor. H and Holladay
Feuerstein Henry, prop. Feuerstein's
blk. cor. G and Larimer, r. Curtis,
bet. E and F
Fink J. clothing store, 55 Blake
Fink John V, & Co. (J. P. Fink and C.
Frick), boot and shoe dealers, Lari-
mer, bet. F and G
Filler I. barkeeper, with II. A. Baker,
15 Blake
First National Bank of Donver, Je-
rome B. Chati'ee. pres. cor. F and Blake
First C'ong'reg'ational t'liurcli, cor.
F and Curtis
First Presbyterian Churcli, Rev. E. P.
Wells, pastor, Fifth, bet. Larimer and
Lawrence
Fredendal Ira, clerk, with Baker & Co.
Ltrimer, bet. F and G
Field Thos. M. civil engineer, r. cor.
I and Arapahoe
Fisher S. M. conductor, D. P. R'y, r.
cor. I and Curtis
Fisher AV. H. ins. agt. r. California, bet.
N and 0
Fisher W. G. clerk, with Daniels & Eck-
hart, bds. American House
Fisher Peter, night watchman, Branch
Mint, r. Cherry, bet. Fifth and Sixth
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
Watchmaker and Jeweler
374: Larimer St,, Opposite I*ost Office,
DENVER, COLORADO.
Particular Attention Paid to REPAiRiNa Fixe Watches.
istAlolislxecl, lOeT,
DRS. ROGERS «fc SMEDLEY,
Eooms, on Larimer St.,
Bet.FandG, - DENVER, COL.
N. B.— Nitrous Oxide Gas used for tlie Painless Extraction of Tcjtli.
M. C. MAGUIRE. K. R. MAGUIRE.
M. C. MAGUIRE & BRO.
llDliolstBrBrs, Calfil Mers aifl UMertal^ers,
'J
Also, Dealers in all kinds of
CHAMBER AND PARLOR FURNITURE,
185 F street, Denver, Col.
JAMES M. STRICKLER. CON. .1. MAIIAR.
■ STRICKLER & MAHAR,
Auction and Commission Merchants
25 BLAKE ST., DENTER, COL.
IVe have unrivaled facilities for the disposal of Merchandise at
Auction and Private Sale>
k
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
11© Pfcarmaty..
McCORMIC & SHALLCROSS,
itists k Di
No. 371 LARIMER ST., DENVER, COLO.,
DEALERS IN
^mrrit AMf'rftmm and Foreign Brng s
Chemicals, Patent Medicines, Toilet Soaps, Toilet Po-wders,
Perfumery, Hair Brushes, Clothes Brushes,
Combs, Fine Pocket Cutlery, &c.
PRESCRIPTIONS CAREFULLY COMPOUNDED,
AT AT.Tj nOVRS, J>AT AJfJ> NIGHT.
S- isrjLTH:.A.isr,
35J4 Lai-inic^i:' Street,
■Wholesale and Retail Bealor h\
DRY GOODS AND CLOTHING,
Notions and Fancy Goods,
1
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
EstatoHslicd. In 1850.
J. J. EIETHMANN & CO.,
"Wholesale and Retail Druggists,
Corner Larimer and F Streets,
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
DENVER, COLORADO.
Citizens or Strangers who desire a QriET and Comfortable Boarding House,
away from the noise and bustle incident to hotel life, can be accommodated at
R. L. HATTEN'S,
Lawrence St., between G and H.
O*
#IfFHOTI#WBB
Opposite Post Ofliee,
IDEiT^V^EIE^, _ _ _ OOXjO:E?..^IDO.
Candy Manufacturer, Wholesale and Retail.
BOSTOH CHACKEH
jyn^NXJK^CTORY
W. RICHARDSON,
No. 44 Blake Street, DEXVER, COLORADO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
IRE AND MARINE INSURANCE GO.
aM soi-^Y. Mi.
CAPITAL, - ~'- - $400,000.00
OFFICERS:
THEO. S. CASE, M. D. DIVELY, JAS. C. WIEDSKER,
Presidtnt. Vicr-Presidrnt. Stcretary.
rURECTORS !
THEODORE S. CASE, X. X. liUCKNER. J. W. KEEFER,
F. R. LONG, M. D. DITKLY, D. L. SHOUSE,
D. S. TWITCHELL, J. W. REID, JAMES C. MEDSKEK.
EDWARD 7A1T ENDERT, AGEUT FOE COLORADO,
6ERMANIA LIFE INSURANCE CO.
293 and 295 Broadway, New York.
H. WESENDONCK, Pres't. C. DOREMUS, Sec'y.
Asspts $4,000,000
Annual Income L.'iOO.OOO
Dividend, in Cash among FoUcy Holders nOOAiOit
Faid to Widows and Orphans 1,S.110,000
Annual dividends, on tlie contribution plan, to date, have been uniformly 40 per
cent, on the Life Premiums.
ALL SURPLUS DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.
No unnecessary restrictions in the policies. Traveling to an'l residing in Europe permitted l>v the
pohcy. the only American Company which has established agencies throughout Europe.
All Policies become Non-forfeitable by their Terms.
Rate.s as low as consistent with solvency.
The Comiiany's assets are C 4?II
IVMiiiunis are payable iu Ca'sh"
bivirtends are payable in !!!!!...."'.*.'.'....'. CA»I1
A i.il all losses promptly paid full in..." ."'.......'.".'. .'..!.!'.'.'.'.V.'.'/.'.'.'.'.'.'.'."".".y.'.y.'.!'///.""V.^
ORSON BROOKS, Gen'l Agt.,
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
THE
]m:utu.a_l
i?*i^
;5fiiie^-9 ^*^ fP ^ *l^ ^ ^; % %
HOME OFFICE, MILWAUKEE, WIS.
ASSETS, Jan., 1871, - - $9,000,000
Loaned, in 1870, $1,500,000, at ten
per cent, interest.
OVER 35,000 MEMBERS!
Losses paid since organization of the Company, $1,700,000.
PRUDENTLY MANAGED,
PERPETUAL CHARTER,
PURELY MUTUAL,
PERPETUAL SECURITY.
Holding a HIGH RESERVE, realizing a HIGH RATE OF INTEREST, with a
LOW RATIO OF MORTALITY and EXPENSES, and having had twelve years'
successful experience, this Company oflfers the assured every ADVANTAGE COM-
PATIBLE WITH ENTIRE SAFETY.
HEBER SMITH,
Vice-President,
AUG. GAYLORD,
Secretary.
J. H. VAN DYKE,
President.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT:
Colorado, TTyoming^, Utah and IVe^tv 3i:exico.
DR. S. S. WALUHAN, General Agent,
Office, cor. F and Larimer Sts.,
BEMTMB.
€&£i@M^O@t
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
LEE & McMULLIN,
DEALERS IN
FARM IMPLEMENTS
Depot for STUDEBAKER BROS.' Celebrated
MmWTM MMNB WA&9MM
A.L1L. SIZES.
Champion Reapers and Mo^wers; Perkins' Steel Tooth
Sulky Hay Rake; "Sweepstakes" and Dayton Threshing
Machines; Fanning Mills; Two-horse Walking Com Cul-
tivators; Skinner's Excelsior and Gang Plows; Hol-
brook's Swivel and Side Hill, and Oliver's Celebrated
Cold Chilled Cast Iron Plows; Holbrook's Regulator
Garden Seed Drill; Van Brunt's & Esterly's Broadcast
Seed Sower, Wagon Covers, Bows and Spring Seats;
Collins' Cast-Cast-Steel Plows.
REPAIRS FOR CHAMPION d WOOD REAPERS AND MOWERS.
Wazee Street, bet. F and G,
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
A. L. REICHARn. PEXEK WIXXK.
REICHARD & WINNE,
GENERAL
DENVER, COLORADO.
We represent some of the leading companies in the
world, noted for their prompt settlement and payment ot
all honest losses.
Will place all kinds of risks at rates commensurate with
the hazard.
The Companies we represent furnish Sound and Reliable
Indemnity.
By fair dealing and prompt attention to business, we
hope to continue to merit and receive, as heretofore, a fair
share of patronage.
All business entrusted to us will, at all times, bs
promptly and properly attended to.
Cor. G and Larimer Streets^
KOPER'3 BLOCK,
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
SALOMON BROTHERS,
Wholesale and Retail Dealers
-IX-
GROCERIES
AGENTS FOR
F'E:IM^"^ Ac CO.'S
Garden Seeds
-AND-
Eakin's Egg Suljstitiite,
F and BLAKE STS.,
IS, .. , ^@la@R4®@,
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
GKO. W. KASSLER.
FKAXK W. VU.\M.
KASSLER & CRAM,
FIRE, LIFE AND ACCIDENT
INSUKANCE AGENCY
South cor, Blake and F Streets,
$20,000,000.00 TO PAY LOSSES.
IMPERIAL FIRE INSURANCE CO., of London. ALBANY CITY INSURANCE CO., of Albany, N.Y.
HOME INSUKANCE CO., of New York. TRAVELERS' ACCIDENT INSURANCE CO., of
INTERNATIONAL INSURANCE CO.,of New York. Hartford.
HARTFORD FIRE INSURANCE CO , of Hartford. AMERICAN TONTINE LIFE AND SAVINGS
PHCEN'IX INSURANCE CO., of Hartford. INSURANCE ?0., of New York.
This agency offers to the pnblic reliable protection againBt loss and d.amHge by fire, on terms an
fsvorablo as tbe cb;iracti-r of the risks will justify. Losses equitably adjusted and promptly paid.
KASSLER & CRAM, Agents, Denver, Col.
G. W. KASSLER & CO.
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
Fine Tobacco, Cigars and Pipes
Foreign and Domestic Stationery,
SCHOOL BOOKS, WALL PAPER, CUTLERY, NOTIONS, ETC.
South cor, Blake and F Streets,
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
C. E. ZPOOXjEI^,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC
OrangeSf Lanoiis, Fi{/s, Dates, JVmYs, Apples,
I*ears, Grapes, &c,, <£rc., &c.
OF ALL KINDS, L\ SEASON,
Dried Fruits and Canned Goods,
OF EVERY VARIETY.
THE TRADE OF COLORADO SUPPLIED,
At all seasons, and on the most advantageous terms.
OIM3EIiS SOLICITED.
113 F StrfiBt, ifiit ioor to Coloraflo NatMal Baii,
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER,
SPRAGUE & WEBB,
Dealers in
GREEN and DRIED FRUITS,
Flour, Cri-aiii, Feed, Ace.
Goods deliverd to all parts of the City free of charge.
LARIM£R STREET, Between F and G,
iDEj^^vEK,, can,.
E. J. SANDERLIN
Tonsorial Artist and Fashionable Hair-Dresser,
Shampooing, Shaving and Hair-Bying Saloon,
IVo. ST'^l: Lai'iixier Street,
DENVER, COL.
CHARLES POTTER'S
^@@)ir.
CONTAINING TWO EXCELLENT TABLES,
Blake Street, Opposite American House, Denver.
Constantly on hand, the very best of AViues, Litiuors and Cigars.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
V. »'. AVuoj.wouTH, T>. II. Moffat, Jr., (j-akenh e J. (i.akke,
XiwYork. Ij'Mivcr. Denver.
Woolworth, Moffat &, Clarke,
Post Office Building, Larimer Street,
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
FOEEIGJV JJVD DOMESTIC
STATIONEEY
Standard, Miscellaneous, Blank and School
BOOKS,
Iiik^ and TVall Paper,
Gold Pens, Letter Presses and Fancy Goods.
.^''All orders entrusted to our care will meet prompt and careful attciiii^in
rxamine our goods before purchasing elsewhere.
Sniiscrlptiom received for all KaMern Periocltcals, and the same sent o
any portion of tile country.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
M. MAYER-MARIX, M. D.
Formerly Prnftssor in Latorence
University, Wisconsin,
HOMCEOPATHIST
OfiBce, 356 Larimer St., near F,
SPECIALTY.— Diseases of the Throat and Lnnfjs.
which are treated by inlmlatiou of Atomized Med-
icated Vapors. /
DAVID W. CRATER,
Allorney aiii CoDiselor at Law,
DENVER.
COLORADO.
W. N. BYERS,
NOTARY PUBLIC,
Office of National Land Company,
DENVER, - COLORADO.
ALFRED SAYRE,
Attorney at Law
DENVER, COL.
P. D. Belden.
E. II. Powers.
BELDEN &. POWERS,
Attorneys at Law,
CLAYTON'S BUILDING,
DENVER, COLOBABO,
H. P. BENNET,
Attorney at Law,
Office at the Post Office,
DEJSTEBf COLORADO,
U?IE¥. fill All i AM ilAlIil,
Fourth Street,
DENVER, COL.
Parties dpsiiring a good turn-out, with or without a driver, for city or mountain travel, can be accom-
lioJated on reasonable terms. .^"Boarding by day or week.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
T^PP^N & CO.
Wholesale and Retail Dealers
xiar
HARDWARE
Aericiiral Iqlemts,
Blacksmiths' Tools,
Carpenters' Tools,
Miners' Tools,
IRON, Nails and Steel,
F Street,
DENVEE, COLORADO.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
QUEENSV^ARE IMPORTER,
J. OT. DOUGLAS
WHOLESALE AND EKTAIL DEALER IN
W Mi
China and Glassware,
LOOKING GLASSES,
BABY WAGONS,
Window Glass,
loHiE»f£K
Wood and WiUow-warr,
Lamps, Lanterns, Chandeliers, a
j^igp^-AssMaj,
TOYS AND FANCY GOODS,
Coal Oil, Etc., Etc., \
B Cutlery, Plated and Britannia
IilL.L.IA.R,I> CLOTM,
|F 'Ware,
Balla, Cues, Tips,
^^EwswAw'^r
WHOLESALE AND KETAIL.
ISo, 37^0 Larimer Street,
DENVER,
COLORADO.
Buying exclusively from the manufacturers, and importing my goods
from the potteries, I am prepared and
GUARANTEE TO DUPLICATE ST. LOUIS OR CHICAGO RILLS, FREIGHT ADDED.
Send rof Price T^ist and Compare.
J. W. DOUGLAS, 379 Larimer St., Denver.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
*'jl\'M)£l\ 1,.
m wmm^
Mcknight, geeen & co.
(Successors to J. P. Green,)
Portable and Stationary Steam Engines
Tubular, Locomotive and Flue Boilers, Cast Iron Building Fronts, Mill
and Mining Macliinery and Supplies, Higli and Low Mortar Stamp
Mills, Wrouglit Iron Jails, Stamps and Dies of best Cliillcd, Cold
Blast. White Iron, Steam Pumps and Hoisting Machinery.
Also, keep in stock Wire Rope, Wrought Iron Pipe,
Rubber and Lcatlier Belting.
Office and Works, near Union Depot, West Kansas City,
p. O. Drawer 3161.
Office, G St., two doors south of Broadwell House.
J. P. GREEN, Resident Partner.
&MMWEM S B UmBEE
Agent for Pitch and Gravel Roofing, warranted to stand
for five years. Also offers Tarred Paper and Pitch
by the barrel, at reasonable rates.
HoUaday Street, bet. I and K,
DENVER, - - COLORADO,
OVER 500,000 WHEELER & WILSON SEWIXG MACHINES in Daily Use.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
273
LorllMFiretaraflceCofflpaiiy I TllB Nflrtlwestem Illtll
NEW YORK
ASSETS, - - si,'roo,ooo
REICHARD &i WINNE, Agents,
DEyVKR, - - - COT.ORADO.
Fisher John, cook, French restaurant,
cor. Holladay and F
Eisher C. W. supt. D. P. R y, office at
depot, foot of K, r. cor. E and Curtis
Fisher D. R. carpenter, r. N & Lawrence
Fisher Miers, farmer, r. on Clear creek
Fitspatrick Michael, lab. K. P. .Junction
Finn A. E. dining room boy, American
House
Finn C. C. dining room boy, American
House
Finn J. G. A. plasterer, r. Arapahoe,
bet. G and H
Flinn Samuel, farmer, bds. Hotel Garni
Fluke E. A. watchman. First National
Bank
Flair John, barkeeper, Tambien saloon,
•355 Larimer
Flood P. cook, K. P. Junction
Fletcher S. M. physician, office, Lari-
mer, bet. F and G
Flescher L. clerk, with Sands & Kline,
Larimer, bet. F and G
Flowers Josephine, rooms, cor. H and
Holladay
Ford Frank, ticket clerk, K. P. R'y, bds.
American House
Ford Michael, carpenter, r. bet. H and I
Ford , carpenter, bds. Bell House
Ford AVm. R. stock raiser, r. Wazee, bet.
H and I
Eord B, L. prop. People's restaurant, 42
Blake, and Ford House, nr. depot
Eord House, B. L. Ford, prop. opp. D.
P. Ry. depot
Ford C. W. clerk for Brinker & Co. bds.
American House
Ford Hiram F. stock dealer, r. Curtis,
bet. L and M
Ford Park, head of Downing av.
Foster James F. sawyer, r. Blake, bet. I
and K
Foy MoUie, r. Holladay, bet. I and K
Foulkes Thomas, laborer, r. Curtis, bet.
C and D
Forbes Nelson, carpenter, r. head of N
Forrest .J. B. carpenter, K. P. Junction
Fowler Henry, cook, K. P. Junction
Forsburg Charles, yardmen, American
House
Force J. E. prop. National barn, Front,
bet. Fourth and Fifth, r. Front, bet.
Larimer and Sixth
LIFE INSURANCE CO.
Receipts in 18V0, - - . $.3,«?0.370 07
Losses paid since organization, 1,700,000 00
Dr. S. S. Wallihan, Gen'l Agt,,
Fogus A. prop. Occidental saloon, r. San
Luis, bet. Sixth and Seventh
Fox Wm. carpenter, bds. Missouri House
Forey Charles, jeweler, 155 F, r. Blake,
nr. Front
Foshay , bricklayer, bds. Lawrence,
bet. G and H
Freund k Bro. gunsmiths, Blake, bet.
F and G
Freund F. W. (Freund & Bro.), gun-
smith, Blake, bet. F and G
Freund George (Freund & Bro.), gun-
smith, Blake, bet. F and G
Freund L r. cor. E and Curtis
Frey W. H. barber, r. Blake, bet. I and K
French Restaurant, F. Charpiot, prop,
cor. and F Holladay
Frein Patrick, prop, boarding house, cor.
K and Holladay
Frick Conrad (John P. Fink & Co.),
boot, shoe and leather merchant, Lari-
mer, bet. F and G, r. cor. I and Ara-
pahoe
Freeman , laborer, bds. cor. D and
Curtis
Freeman Ed. farmer, bds. Larimer, bet.
Front and Cherry
Frank Mary, r. Third, bet. Ferry and
Cherry
Fretz Wm. laborer, r. San Luis, bet. Fifth
and Sixth
France L. B. (France & Rogers), attor-
ney at law, office, Larimer, bet. F and
G, r. cor. Stout and L
Frazer J. (col'd), well digger, r. Holla-
day, bet. G and H
Franklin N. jeweler, with Hense & Got-
tesleben, bds. Washington House
French Nellie, r. 75 Holladay
Fries Margaret (widow), laundress, Ara-
pahoe, bet H and I
Furlong Phil, laborer, r. Stout, bet. E
and F
Fuhrman Joseph, r.
G
AFF JOHN, bds. Tremont House
Gaif John S. r. Front, bet. Third & Fourth
Gas Works (Denver), cor. I and Wiwatta,
Jas. Archer, pres.
Gay Frank, engineer, bds. Depot House
Garnett Isaac, miner, bds. Railroad
House
274
DENVER DIRECTORY.
fi]^eni3E Wtvt ^nmmnct mo.
Of Brooklyn, New York.
Cash Assets, nearly Two Million Dollars.
For Policies in this "time-tried, fire-tested" and
vr ell-managed Cdmpatiy, apply to
BATES t COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
Gallup & Gallatin, saddlers, 50 Blake
Gallup Francis (Gallup & Gallatin, 50
Blake), r. F, bet. Lawrence and Ara-
pahoe
Gallatin E. L. (Gallup & Gallatin, 50
Blake), r. bet. F and G
Gasper Eva, chambermaid, Broadwell
House
Gasper Lizzie, laundress, Broadwell
House
Galbreth J. flour and feed merchant, cor.
Fifth and Front
GangloflF, Clara, bds. Arapahoe, nr. H
Gabathuler J. plasterer, r. Lawrence,
bet. L and M
Galligan Bridget, laundress, Champa,
bet. F and G
Gallagher Mary, domestic, cor. Lincoln
and Clements
Gallaher Pat. engineer, K. P. Junction
Gettes Jas. cook, Tremont House
Gelbreth D. blacksmith, bds. Carr House
George John, laborer, bds. cor. H & Blake
George H. B. stationer, bds. American
House
George Robt. r. Curtis, bet. F and G
Geary R. H. prop. People's meat market,
F, bet. Larimer and Lawrence, bds.
cor. G and Lawrence
Gerdon J. scullion, American House
German House, John Wehr, prop. 48
Blake
Gehrung E. C. physician, office, Larimer,
bet. F and G
Girdlestone E. laborer, bds. Depot House
Gill A. J. (Gill & Cass), office, Holladay,
ur. F, r. cor. Curtis and E
Gibson N. J. Mrs. r. Lawrence, bet. E & F
Gibson H. M. clerk, l%e Forwarding Co.
bds. American House
Gibson Isabella Mrs. (col'd), bds. Curtis,
bet. G and H
Gilshorn H. county hospital
Gilbert J. blacksmith, bds. Carr House
Gillman J. barkeeper. Cricket Hall, bds.
Denver House
Oilman Ed. carpenter, r. cor. I and Stout
Gillis R. (Gillis & O'Brien), shoemaker,
bet. G and H, bds. Tremont House
Gillis & O'Brien, shoemakers, Larimer
bet. G and H
Gilson Samuel H. civil engineer and
surveyor, office, cor. G and Lawrence
Giltner A. shoemaker, r. Welton, bet. G
and H
Glascott R. A. check clerk, K. P. Ry.
bds. American House
Glascott D. S. clerk, K. P. Ry.
Glascott D. L. bds. Pennsylvania House
Glines & Noble, prop. Denver Transfer
Co. office, Lawrence, bet. F and G
Glines George (Glines & Noble), Denver
Transfer Co.
Glover W. A. clerk, with Heywood & Co,
159 F, bds. Smith House
Glenmore Luella Mrs. cor. H and Holla-
day
Gomer Philip P. lumber merchant, cor.
Larimer and K
Gottlieb Joseph, pawnbroker, 47 Blake,
r. Arapahoe, bet. G and H
Goodman F. clerk, with Steinhauer & Wal-
brach, 32 Blake, bds. Ford's restaurant
Goldman & Co. cigars & tobacco, (iO Blake
Goulden Geo. laborer, bds. cor. H and
Blake
Goetz Henry, barkeeper, bds. Denver
House
Gordon Chas. glazier, Hallack's Planing
Mill
Gordon John, carpenter, K. P. Junction
Godfrey Ed. carpenter, bds. cor. E and
Arapahoe
Gottesleben P. (Hense & Gottesleben),
mnfg. jeweler, Laramie, nr. Fourth, r.
Champa, cor. F
Good John, prop. Rocky Mountain Brew-
ery, cor. Cheyenne av. and Second
Golding Philip, prop. Cabinet saloon,
bds. American House
Goddard A. M. barkeeper, r. Blake, nr.
Front
Gove C. gunsmith, Blake, bet. E & F, r.
Stout, bet. D cS: E
Goodfellow H. prop, bowling alley, 56
Blake
GottingC millwright,bds. Colorado House
Goldsby J<jhu, driver of water wagon, r.
Champa, bet. F and G
Goodrich H. M. collector, r. cor. K and
Curtis
Govers Geo. domestic, cor. G & Champa
Goodwin John F. r. cor. E & California
Goodridge H. M. capitalist, r. cor. M and
California
Green AVilliam, stock dealer, bds. Tre-
mont House
Green James, merchant, bds. Tremont
House
Green Thos. blacksmith, bds. Washing-
ton House
Green W. H. (col'd), barber, r. cor. I and
Lawrence
Green H. R. prop. Chicago Sash and i
Door Factory, r. Glenarni. bet. H & I'
Western Agts. for Wlieeler & Wilson Sewing Machines, 209 {i St., Denver.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
275
REICHARD & WINNE,
THE LEADING
INSURANCE AGENTS
OF COLORADO,
Haying returned ?JO,000 more premiums for 1870
than any other agency in Colorado.
Green James, laborer, bds. Charter Oak
House
Green S. W. clerk, Nye Forwarding Co.
bds. American House
Green Michael, roadmaster, K. P. Ry. r.
Arapahoe, bet. P and Q
Green Betsey Mrs. (widow), r. Stout,
bet. K and L
Grolu Joseph, brickmaker, r. K, bet.
Wynkoop and Wazee
Greenleaf J. H. prop, barn, bet. F and
Wynkoop
(greenleaf L. N. & Co. dealers in fancy
goods, etc. next door to post office
Greenleaf L. N. (L. N. Greenleaf & Co.),
r. cor. I and Curtis
Gray W. F. employe K. P. Ry. r. Fourth,
nr. Front
Gray A. bds. Pennsylvania House
Gray Frank, harnessmaker, bds. Broad-
well House
Gray Horace, clerk, president's office K.
P. Ry. bds. cor. E and Arapahoe
Griffith C. W. waterman, D. P. Ry. bds.
Railroad House
Griffith , messenger, K. P. Ry. office
Grill H. H. T. Mrs. (widow), r. Law-
rence, bet. E and F
Greet Geo. laborer, bds. cor. H & Blake
Graham Geo. butcher, 189 F, rooms,
189 F
Graham J. C. Mrs. prop. Railroad House,
G, bet. Wazee and Wynkoop
Graham Belle, r. 75 Holladay
Greer C. N. saloonkeeper, bds. French
restaurant
Greer Maria J. (widow), laundress, r.
Seventh, bet. Cherry and Ferry
Greer Chas. cook, Missouri House
Griffin James, principal. West Denver
Schools, rooms Arapahoe, bet. E and F
Gray A. bds. Pennsylvania House
Greenfield E. butcher, 66 Blake, bds.
American House
Greenfield A. butcher, 66 Blake, bds.
Railroad House
Gravelle 0. E. carriagemakcr, bds. Cali-
fornia House
Graller J. county hospital
Griswold L. carpenter, r. Front, bet.
Larimer and Sixth
Gross W. J. actor, Denver Theatre, cor.
G and Lawrence
NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Co.
Holds a Four Per Cent. Keserve.
Perpetual Charter and Perpetual Security.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DENVER, COLORADO.
Grupp M. blacksmith, bds. California
House
Grade Louis, cook, Metropolitan restau-
rant
Greenwood W. H. chief engineer K. P.
Ry. office, cor. F and Holladay, r.
Champa, bet. F and G
Grimms J. musician, rooms, cor. K and
Blake
Gregory J. painter, Lawrence, nr. F
Grant S. A. & Co. wholesale and retail
stationers and booksellers, 383 Larimer
"Grant S. A. (S. A. Grant & Co.), book-
seller, etc. 383 Larimer, bds. Hatten
House
Grant A. E. carpenter, K. P. Junction
Griffith J. N. actor, Denver Theatre, cor.
G and Larimer
Grosclaud T. carpenter, r. cor. M and
Curtis
Grosclaud C. F. carpenter, bds. cor. M
and Curtis
Griggs J. W. blacksmith, nr. F, Highland
Griggs J. W^. Jr. blacksmith, nr. F, High-
land
Groves J. R. machinist, K. P. Junction
Gurlele E. waiter, Holladay, bet. E and F
Gunnell J. T. barber, r. Lawrence, bet.
E and F
Guibor Aug. miner, rooms, Roper's blk.
Guiraud A. Mrs. r. Stout, bet. K and L
Guthrie George, with J. J. Ileithmann &
Co. bds. San Luis, cor. Eighth
HALEY THOMAS, laborer, bds. Cal-
ifornia House
Hakey William, laborer, bds. California
House
Hagler Emil, bricklayer, bds. Blake, nr.
Front
Hagen C. carpenter, bds. California House
Harvey Wm. laborer, bds. Tremont House
Harvey J. clerk, K. P. Ry.
Harvey John, bds. Pennsylvania House
Harvey Lydia Mrs. canvasser, bds. Ara-
pahoe, nr. H
Harvell Martha Mrs. r. cor. I & Wynkoop
Hannigan Hannah, cook, Carr House
Hall M. E. Mrs. chambermaid, Carr
House
Hall S. C. carpenter, bds. Bell House
Hall Moses (col'd), barber, bds. Law-
rence, bet. I and K
276
DENVER DIRECTORY,
MAHHATTAN FIRE INSIJEAKCE CO.
OF XEAV^ YORK.
Cash Assets, nearly One and a Half Million Dollars.
iivcok.i>or.a.i-k:x> .«..d. iszi-
For perfect indemnity against loss, apply for poli-
cies iu this VETERAN COMPANY.
CRATER &. COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, DenTer, Colorado.
Hall Geo. watchman, Hallack's planing
mill
Hall , carpenter, bds. F, bet. Lari-
mer and Lawrence
Hart D. S. painter, bds. Carr House
Hansen P. laborer, bds. Railroad House
Harriman John, laborer, r. Wazee, bet.
H and I
Hartman Felix, harnessmaker, withWm.
Lerchen, 53 Blake
Hartinau Caspar R. livery stable.
Fourth, bet. Front and Cherry
Hartmann George, barkeeper, 24 Blake
Hartmann Fred, teamster, cor. Cheyenne
av. and Third
Hale H. W. clerk, with C. E. Pooler
Hafner 0. harnessmaker, bds. Broadwell
House
Harper & Housman, hardware mer-
chants, 170 F
Harper John (Harper & Housman), hard-
ware merchant, r. cor. Curtis and E
Harris D. (col'dj, domestic, Holladay,
bet H and I
Harris N. painter, etc. r. alley rear of
Front, bet. Fourth and Fifth
Harris R. W. cook, Lawrence, bet. G & H
Harris T. (col'd), laborer, r. Curtis, bet.
G and H
Harrigan Mary, laundress, American
House
Hawkins B. I. porter, American House
Hawkins S. T. second hand dealer, r.
Arapahoe av. bet. Third and Fourth
Hamerschlak Geo. expressman, r. Cher-
ry, bet. Third and Fourth
Haskell A. L. Mrs. r. Ferry, bet. Sixth
and Seventh
Harvill Jas. carpenter, r. cor. Sixth and
Ferry
Hastings John, carpenter, r. Cheyenne
av. bet. Sixth and Seventh
Hagus J. J. clerk, with Jas. Tynon, r.
Wazee, bet. F and G
Hasenbalg T. tailor, F, bet. Blake and
Wazee
Harlan J. H. & Co. variety store, 26 Blake
Harlan J. H. (J. H. Harlan & Co.). mer-
chant, 26 Blake
Harlan J. M. printer, Neivs office
Hannah P. J. tailor, r. cor. E and Holla-
day
Haymaker Lon, fruit dealer, 182 F
Hammill Rie, saloonkeeper, 186 F, r.
cor. E and Champa
Haggerty H. tailor, Larimer, r. Arapa-
hoe, bet. G and H
Hardin W. J. barber, Larimer, nr. F
Harrison N. (Browne, Harrison & Put-
nam), attorney, r. cor. I and Arapahoe
Hayden F. W. barber, r. cor. H and Hol-
laday
Hallack E. F. prop, planing mill, HoUa-
dav, bet. I and K
Hairack'.s Planing- Mill, Holladay, bet.
I and K
Hallack & Webber, lumber merchants,
cor. Lawrence and F
Hallack C. (Hallack & Webber), lumber
merchant, r. California, bet. D and E
Haberl L jeweler, with Hensc & Gottes-
leben, r. Blake, bet. K and L
Hamilton Geo. tailor, 346 Larimer
Hamilton H. H. k Co. music dealers,
Larimer, bet. F and G
Hamilton H. H. (H. H. Hamilton & Co.),
music dealer, teacher, and piano tuner,
38.3 Larimer
Hamilton Eva, rooms, 75 Holladay
Hamilton Jas. stock dealer, r. Champa,
bet. E and F
Harrinarton Chas. E. editor Daily News
bds. American House
Harrington Jas. blacksmith, bds. Amer-
ican House
Hauck C. C. watchmaker and jeweler,
Larimer, bet. E and F, bds. Amei-ican
House
Hadfield Ed. carpenter, bds. Blake, bet.
landK
Hatten R. L. prop. Hatten House, Law-
rence, bet. G and H
Hatten House, R. L. Hatten, prop. Law-
rence, bet. G and H
Hayman Mary W. r. G, bet. Curtis and
Champa
Hardie J. W. actor, r. G, bet. Curtis and
Champa
Hammond Sarah, domestic, Arapahoe,
bet. F and G
Hacket , bds. Arapahoe, bet. E & F
Halstead James, clerk, with C. Caspar,
r. Champa, bet. E and F
Halstead James, driver, Denver Transfer
Co. bds. Broadwell House
Hasselbacker J. shoemaker, r. foot of F
Hake J. bds. Pennsylvania House
Hagar C. E. printer, bds. Champa, bet.
E and F
Hangs George, printer, bds. cor. D and
Champa
Hazlehurst H. B. U. S. mail agt. D. P. Ry.
bds. D. P. Rv. restaurant
Healy Michael' (H. W. Michael & Co.),
hardware merchant, F, nr. Larimer
TRY THE WHEELER & WILSON NOISELESS SEWINO MACHINE.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
277
|fr?h?fif$' psor^pf io*
-v
OF CHICAGO, IliL.
.A.SSETS, _ _ _ $800,000
REICHARD &. WINNE, Agents, Denver, Colo,
Heany Mary Miss, domestic, witli Joseph
Kenyon, Arapahoe, bet. M and N
Heathy E. Mrs. r. foot of Sau Luis
Heathy A. Mrs. r. foot of San Luis
Heath H. fruit dealer, cor. G and Blake
Hennegan Kate, waitress, Tremont House
Helderer F. brewer, Colorado Brewery
Helmar Antoine, domestic, with V. Kreig
Helmer W. farmer, bds. California House
Helmer F. laborer, r. Cheyenne av. bet.
Sixth and Seventh
Helsolbaker J. shoemaker, F, bet. Wazee
and Wynkoop
Heckendorf A. foreman, J. P. Fink &
Co. r. Larimer, bet. L and M
Henkel A. mnfr. of cigars, 190 F, bds.
Denver House
Heimberg'er D. physician, office, Lari-
mer, bet. F and CI
Hewitt J. P. Mrs. dressmaker, with Mrs.
E. Babcock, bds. cor. G and Lawrence
Hewitt J. M. engineer, bds. Lawrence,
bet. G and H
Henry J. dishwasher, Carr House
Hempstead Asa, blacksmith, bds. Carr
House
Heywood & Co. boot and shoe dealers,
159 F
Heywood D. H. (Heywood & Co.), boot
and shoe dealer, 159 F, r. cor. H and
Arapahoe
Heitler E. grocer, 64 Blake, r. 64 Blake
Hess W. C. trader, r. cor. Sixth and
Cherry
Hepburn C. B. clerk, with C. Gove, Blake,
bet. E and F
Hermans J. R. watchman, Colorado Na-
tional Bank, bds. Hotel Garni
Hexter S. clothing merchant, 166 F
Henshall Jas. clerk, 339 Larimer
Helling William, cook, bds. Pennsylvania
House
Hense & Gottesleben (J. H. Hense and
p. Gottesleben), watchmakers and jew-
elers, Larimer, bet. F and G
Hense J. H. (Hense & Gottesleben), man-
ufacturing jeweler, r. Central City
Hendricks Wm. 0. laborer, r. Arapahoe,
bet. K and L
Heyl Walter, clerk, with Sprague &
Webb, bds. Holladay, bet. F and G
Hedges Miner, carpenter, r. California,
bet. I and K
NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Company
Loaus at 12 per cent, on Real Kstate
Security.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DENVER, COLORADO.
Herbert P. E. engineer, K. P. Ry. r.
Champa, bet. E and F
Hibschle H. bakery and saloon, 30 BLike
Hickman C. B. clerk, with J. K. Doolittle,
350 Larimer, bds. Broadwell House
Hill Mohican (col'd), cook, bds. Wazee
bet. G and H
Hill Edward (col'd), domestic, with W. PI.
Greenwood
Hill J. G. tinsmith, bds. Front, bet. Third
and Fourth
Higgins Patrick, dining room boy, Amer-
ican House
Higgins M. D. farmer, bds. cor. I and
Arapahoe
Higgins L. L. attorney at law, bds. cor.
I and Arapahoe
Hildreth Jennie Miss, dressmaker, r. nr.
I and Wynkoop
Hillander P. M. bds. Elephant House
Hilary Charles, merchant
Hitchcock A. clerk, with Freund & Bl-o.
200 F, bds. cor. I and Curtis
Hitchcock Amory, r. cor. I and Curtis
Hitchcock D. M. stock dealer, bds. Tre-
mont House
Hiss Henry, porter, with J. J. Reithman
& Co. cor. Fifth and Larimer
Hively Andrew, broommaker. Fifth, bet.
Front and Cherry
Hoard Frank, bookkeeper. First National
Bank
Hobson W. B. waiter, Carr House
Hodges J. H. shoe store, cor. Front and
Blake, r. Cherry, bet. Larimer & C
Hodgson Wm. (McKee & Hodgson), gro-
cer, etc. 57 Blake, r. Arapahoe
Hodgson Joseph, farmer, r. Arapahoe,
bet. K and L
Hoffer Dan'l, butcher, cor. F and Larimer
HolFer Brothers, butchers, cor. F aud
Larimer
Hotfer F. J. butcher, cor. F and Larimer
Hoffer John G. butcher, r. Welton, bet.
F and G
HoflFman P. L. carpenter, bds. cor. E and
Arapahoe
Holmes Thomas, cook, Carr House
Holt George E. lumber merchant, r. Wi-
watta, bet. I and K
Holt Mrs. M. r, Holladay, bet. I and K
Hogberg Niels, silversmith, Hense &
Gottesleben, r. Curtis, bet. I and K
278
DENVER DIRECTORY.
Tonlfers & New Yorli Fire Insnrance Co.
ox^ j\r:E TV xrojftxic.
Cash Assets, nearly a Million Dollars.
Liberal Rates— ConBervative— Prompt to
pay Losses.
OEATEE & COBB, Agents,
HoUaday Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
Holt , carpenter, bds. California
House
Holly F. M. musician, rooms, cor. K and
Blake
HoUiday William, bds. Lawrence, bet. E
and F
Holbrook Geo. teamster, r. Champa, bet.
I and K
Holland J. M. miner, r. Stout, bet. I
and K
Holland John, miner, r. Stout, bet. I
and K
Holland T. S. actor, rooms G, bet. Curtis
and Champa
Hommel Frank, real estate agent, r. Cur-
tis, bet. E and F
Hooper Thomas J. carpenter, bds. Tre-
mont House
Houston C. R. ranchman, bds. Tremont
House
Horner J. W. attorney at .law, office,
Larimer, bet. F and G
Horr M. L. attorney at law, office. Ro-
per's blk. r. H, bet. Arapahoe and
Lawrence
Hood Joseph E. journalist, r. cor. L and
Champa
Hoskins S. E. conductor, K. P. Ry. r.
cor. M and Champa
Hotchkiss Margaret (col'd) domestic,
- with H. G. Bond, cor. I and Arapahoe
Horton Edwin, laborer, with W. N. Byers,
cor. F and Arapahoe
Hopkins Georg'e M. city marshal, office,
Larimer, bet. E and F, r. California,
bet. E and F
Hotel Garni, A. Schultz, prop. F, bet.
Wynkoop and Wazee
Houston E. R. ranchman, bds. Tremont
House
Houston Charles (col'd), laborer, r. Cur-
tis, bet. G and H
Hough Ben. J. clerk, K. P. Ry.
Howe George M. music teacher, bds.
Tremont House
Howe Samuel, barkeeper, bds. Colorado
House
Howard J. expressman, bds. Carr House
Howard Joseph, asst. pastry cook, Ameri-
can House
Howard Nellie Miss, rooms, cor. H and
Holladay
Howard Hy. r. cor. H and Champa
Hoyes A. G. jeweler, Blake, bet. H
and I
Howell Louis, stock trader, r. cor. Sixth
and Cherry
Housman Henry (Harper & Housman),
hardware, etc. 170F,r. Cheyenne, W.T.
Hoyt S. N. mining engineer, r. cor. H
and Champa
Hoyt G. E. brickmaker, r. foot of K
Hubbard John M. hostler, with C. R.
Hartman
Huffman Dan. printer. News office, bds.
Champa, bet. E and F
Hudson James, bds. Tremont House
Hust Frederick, dyer, r. Larimer, nr.
Front, W. D.
Hughes T. T. laborer, bds. Carr House
Hngrhes B. M. attorney at law, office,
Hughes' bldg. Larimer, bet. F and G,
r. Champa, bet. H and I
Hughes A. S. trader, cor. F and Holla-
day, r. Arapahoe, bet. F and G
Hughes John, trader, office, over U. S.
express office, r. Lawrence, bet. G
and H
Hughes Thomas, tailor, Larimer, bet. F
and G, r. Blake, nr. Front
Hughes Maggie Miss, bds. cor. H and
Holladay
Hughes V. A. Miss, rooms, 170 Holladay
Hughes Ellen Miss, domestic, with J. Q.
Charles, cor. H and Curtis
Hunt Michael, butcher, with WolflF & Co.
bds. Carr House
Hunt H. R. attorney at law, office. Ro-
per's blk. r. California, bet. G and H
Hunt M. C. Mrs. (widow), r. Stout, bet.
G and H
Hunt Georgie Miss, music teacher, r.
Stout, bet. G and H
Hunt A. C. National Land Co. r. Hunt's
addition, cor. Eighth and Washington
Hummel Fred, cook, Pennsylvania House
Hummel Frank A. r. Curtis, bet. E and F
Humason E. F. barkeeper, cor. G and
Blake, bds. Broadwell House
Hussey Warren, banker, cor. F and
Holladay, r. Salt Lake City
Hussey Hyatt, banker, with Warren
Hussey, cor. F and Holladay
Hutchins S. A. railroad contractor
Hurley H. r. Fifth, bet. San Luis and
Ferry *
Humphreys J. accountant, D. P. Ry. of-
fice, cor. F and Blake
Hutter S. bds. 64 Blake
Hunter John, carpenter, r. Lawrence,
bet. E and F
Hurlburt Jeannett Mfs. dressmaker, r.
Arapahoe, bet. I and K
Hulett Henry M. printer, News office, r.
Champa, bet. E and F
A. Farrar & Co., Agrts. Wlieeler & Wilson Sewing Machines, 209 (^ St., Denver.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
279
REPUBLIC INSURANCE CO. ; THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL
OF CHICAGO, ILL.
As!>et$, over - - - $1,300,000
COLORADO BRANCH,
EEICHARD & WINNE, Managers,
DENVER, COLORADO.
IXGOLS A. B. watchmaker and jewel-
er, 184 F, r. Champa, bet. F and G
Ingersoll H. J. clerk, r. Stout, bet. D &E
Irving Kate Miss, milliner, rooms, Roper's
blk.
Irwin Andrew, carpenter, r. cor. N and
Lawrence
TACKSON E. J. bds. Broadwell House
Jackson M. V. B. printer, bds. Cherry,
bet. Fifth and Sixth
Jackson J. A. moulder, r. cor. Cheyenne
av. and Seventh
Jackson James W. prop. Denver Foun-
dry, r. cor. Cheyenne av. and Seventh
Jackson Eliz. (col'dj, r. cor. E and Cali-
fornia
Jackson Charles (col'd), laborer, r. cor.
H and Glenarm
Jackson Sheldon Rev. supt. Presbyterian
missions, r. cor. Colfax av. and Evans
Jacobs Royal, r. San Luis, bet. Eighth
and Ninth
Jacox H. S. yard master, K. P. Ry. r.
HoUaday, bet. L and M
James Robert (Roberts & James), hard-
ware merchant, r. Arapahoe, bet. E
and F
Janson Christina, domestic, with Chas.
Ruter
Jail County, Larimer, bet. E and F
Jenson Ferdinand, clerk, with Tappan
& Co 181 F
Jenks G. D. stock dealer, r. Lawrence,
bet. H and I
Jones J. H. agt. Wells, Fargo & Co. and
U. S. Ex. Co. bds. Amei-ican House
Jones W. H. plasterer, bds. Bell House
Jones A. B. clerk, post office, bds.
Breed's dining rooms
Jones Robert M. life insurance agt. bds.
Larimer, nr. Front, West Denver
Jon?3 A. A. bds. California House
Jones , prop, second hand store, bds.
Tremont House
Jones John S. prop. Red Barn, cor. F
and Wynkoop
Jones W. P.
Jones E. P. notary public and convey-
ancer, office and rooms, Tappan blk.
Jones E. J. haruessmaker, with Loben-
stein & Co. cor. G and Holladay
LIFE liTSUSAlTCE CO.
Charges XO EXTRA PREMIUM on Live? ..f O 1.
orado Miners.
DR, S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DEyVBR, - - . COLORADO.
Jones Jas. A. agt. P P. Gomer. r. Cali-
fornia, bet. N ami 0
Jones W. H. tinsmith, r. D, bet. Arapa-
hoe and Curtis
Jones Samuel G. trader, r. Champa, bet.
I and K
Jones M. C. bds. Pennsylvania House
John Hugo, barber, \o\ F, r. Blake, nr.
Front
Johnson William plasterer, r. cor. F and
Wiwatta
Johnson James, property man, Denver
Theatre, bds. cor. F and Wiwatta
Johnson Samuel, clerk, J. A. Miller &
Co. bds. Railroad House
.Johnson Joel, teamster, r. Wazee, bet.
H and I
Johnson Chas. lab r. cor. H and Blake
Johnson Thomas (col'd), porter. Wells,
Fargo & Co. bds. Curtis, bet. G and H
Johnson E. L. confectioner, bds. Breed's
dining rooms
Johnson E. L. att'y at law, bds. Breed's
dining rooms
Johnson Alexander (col'd), cook, bds.
Lawrence, bet. F and G
Johnson C. C. bookkeeper, r. Lawrence,
bet. F and G
Johnson Madison (coPd). waiter, Hat-
ten House
.Johnson A. W. laborer, r. Champa, bet.
F and G
Johnson Thomas Rev. (col'd), pastor Zion
Baptist Church, r. Champa, bet. I and K
Johnson Annie Miss, domestic, with S.
Jackson
Jolmson B. T. k Co. f B. F. Johnson and
J. Clough, real estate agts. etc. 356
Larimer
Johnson Charles, boot and shoe dealer,
167 F
Jordan Jacob C. r. Welton, bet. F and G
Jordan Mark L. bds. Welton. bet. F & G
Justice A. L. physician and surgeon,
office, Larimer, bet. F and G
KANSAS PACIFIC RAILAVAY,
freight and ticket office, foot ot K,
W. W. Borst, agt.
Kansas Pacific Railway, general ticket
office. Blake, nr. G
Kane John T. r. with John Nuchhng,
cor. K and Champa
280
DENVER DIRECTORY.
WasliiDEtoi Fire Iisrace Co.
OF IVEVV YORK.
Cash Assets, nearly a Million Dollars.
Well managed. Worthy the honored
name it bears.
CKATER & COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
Kane Sarah Mrs. r. foot of Seventh
Kane Mary Miss, domestic, with L. A.
Curtice
Kasserman Stephen, contractor, r. High-
land
Kanarun Hugh, laborer, r. cor. Front
and Larimer
Kassler G. W. (G. W. Kassler & Co),
stationer and insurance agt. r. cor. I
and Lawrence
Kassler G. W. & Co. (G. W. Kassler
and F. W. Cram), stationers and deal-
ers in tobacco, cigars, etc. cor. F and
Blake
Kassler & Cram (G. AV. Ka.«sler and F.
W. Cram), general insurance agts. cor.
F and Blake
Kastor L H. clothing, 168 F, r. same
Kasler Chas. harnessmaker, bds. Arapa-
hoe, bet. E and F
Kaufman J. C. prop. Colorado House,
Blake, bet. E and F
Kemp Phillis, clerk, with Joe Gottleib,
47 Blake
Kerchival Gerrett (col'd), porter First
National Bank
Kelsey J. C. harnessmaker, bds. Holla-
day, bet. F and G
Kelsey Thos. harnessmaker, bds. Holla-
day, bet. F and G
Keyser , lab. bds. cor. H and Blake
Kesler Albert, cook, French restaurant,
cor. F and Holladay
Kern Philip, tailor, 346 Larimer, bds.
Pennsylvania House
Kehler J. H. Rev. r. Arapahoe, bet. F
and G
Kent Omer Jr. molder, bds. cor. N and
Lawrence
Kent Omer 0. attorney at law, r. foot of
Arapahoe av.
Keith W. M. r. Champa, bet. E and F
Keith Chas. H. coal otfice, foot of Blake,
r. foot of G
Kenney W. B. r. K. P. Junction
Kern Phillips, tailor, bds. Pennsylvania
House
Kelley Richard, porter, r. Fourth, bet.
Front and Cherry
Kelley J. G}. canvasser, bds. Broadwell
House
Keller J. H. clerk, with Birks Cornforth,
146 F
Kettle Edward, butcher, cor. Fourth and
Front
Kettle G. E. butcher. 189 F, r. up Cherry
Creek, West Denver
Kemick Joseph, saddler, F, bet. AVazee
and AVynkoop
Kerr Henry W. cigar and tobacco dealer,
cor. F and Blake
Kennedy David, carpenter, bds. Colorado
House
Kershaw Jere, r. Arapahoe, bet. F and G
Keyes Thos. clerk, with J. P. Fink & Co.
Larimer, bet. F and G
Keiiyon Joseph, whol. liquor dealer,
Roper's blk. r. Arapalioe, bet. M and N
Kinsey & Ellis, blacksmiths and wagon-
makers, cor. F and Wazee
Kinsey W. J. (Kinsey & Ellis), black-
smith, etc. r. cor. I and California
Kirkland G. W. artist, r. F, bet. Blake
and AVazee
Kingsley A\^ C. attorney at law, r. Cur-
tis, bet. K and L
King John H. lab. r. Curtis, bet. C & D
King Thomas, engineer, r. Fifth, bet.
Ferry and San Luis
King J. B. barber, bds. Hotel Garni
King Philip, saloonkeeper. 14 Blake
Kiernan Jas. laborer. K. P. Junction
Kiernan J. butcher, 66 Blake, bds. Rail-
road House
Kidd T. R. G. miller, bds. Bell House
Kimball Maria Mrs. bds. Smith House
Kiefer Henry, barkeeper, Colorado House
Kirkpatrick James, witli J. Kenyon, r.
Arapahoe, bet. M and N
Klink John, butcher, with AVolf & Co.
bds. AVasiiington House
Kline Ann Mrs. r. cor. L and Arapahoe
Kline Francis Miss, school teacher, r.
cor. L and Arapahoe /
Kline Ellen Miss, r. cor. L and Arapahoe
Kline Henry, r. Sixth and San Luis
Kline Joseph, r. San Luis, bet. Sixth and
Seventh
Kline D. (Sands & Kline), dry goods mer-
chant, Larimer, bet. F and G, r. same
Kline John F. painter, r. cor. T & Ciiampa
Klopfer H. saloonkeeper. Fourth, bet.
Front and Cherry
Klots John, butcher, r. Fourth, bet. Front
and Cherry
Kiiowltoii k Dickey (AV. F. Knowlton
and J. P. Dickey), glass and crockery
ware, 140 F
Knowlton AY. F. (Knowlton & Dickey), r.
Blake, bet. K and L
Kueeland Belle Miss, rooms cor. H and
Holladay
Knox J. W. r. Arapahoe, nr. H
Knight James, carpenter, r. cor. F and
AVasoola
MAyUFACTlRERS SAY THE WHEELER & WILSON IS THE BEST.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
281
Aiiiericaii Central iBsiirance Co.
OF ST. LOUIS, MO.
Assets, over - - - ^300,000
Colorado Branch,
REICHARD&WINNE, Managers, Denver, Colorado.
Kouiitze A. pres. Colorado National
Bank
Koiintze C. B. vice -pres. Colorado
National Bank, r. Champa, bet. G and II
Koch Alois, prop, bakery and saloon,
Holladay, bet. E and F
Koch Joseph, stone cutter, bds. Holla-
day, bet. E and F
Kolmar C. painter, bds. cor. Fourth and
Cherry
Kroeck Rudolphe, barber, bds. Hotel
Garni
Kreig Y. furniture dealer, 349 Larimer,
r. cor. San Luis and Sixth
Kraatz Aug. furniture d,ealer, 337 Larimer
Kuhn Wni. carpenter, r. Fourth, bet. San
Luis and Ferry
Kuhn Chas. upholsterer, 349 Larimer
LAMBIE JAMES F. clerk, bds. Hol-
laday, bet. F and G
Lamb Wm. R. salesman, with Daniels &
Eckhart, 359 Larimer
Lamme Perry, cook, 42 Blake
Lane John H. collector, News office, r.
Champa, bet. D and E
Lane Thomas, bds. Pennsylvania House
Lane Amos, clerk, American House
Lane Oliver, switchman, D. P. and K.
P. Railways.
Laiigrishe J. S. prop, Denver Theatre,
r. cor. F and Welton
Laiin Charles, bricklayer, r. Stout, bet.
G and H
Lafferty John A. clerk, r. Glenarm, bet.
G and H
Lawrence Wm. carpenter, r. cor. M and
Welton
Lawrence Henry (col'd), waiter, Law-
rence, bet. F and G
Laugan Jas. blacksmith, bds. American
House
Langdon T. J. actor, r. Arapahoe, bet.
D and E
Landon Samuel, clerk, with D. Witter,
bds. Larimer, bet. G and H
Laughlin Alex, bricklayer, r. foot of Fifth
Lawler John, plasterer, r. Sixth, nr.
Cherry
Lare G. P. (Lare & Bradburn), black-
smith, etc. cor. F and Wazee
Lare & Bradburn, blacksmiths and
wagonmakers, cor. F and Wazee
BortliwesteriiMiitQalLifelusnrauceCo.
ASSETS, $9,000,000.00.
No Extra Rate on Lives of M'omen. Policies
Liberal. Losses Promptly Paid.
Dr. S. S. Wallihan, General Agent,
Land Alfred, prop. Mammoth Corral,
cor. F and Wynkoop
Land D. H. bds Carr House
Latlirop H. P. physician, ofiBce, cor. F
and Blake (up stairs)
Lauerth Eliza', cook, Colorado House
Lackey Annie Miss, laundress, cor. K
and Holladay
Levi J. L. cook. Metropolitan restaurant
Levy M. W. dealer in wines, fruit and
cigars, cor. G and Larimer
Lerchen Wm. saddler and harnessmaker,
53 Blake
Lewis James M. bookkeeper, bds. Penn-
sylvania House
Lewis John, harnessmaker, bds. Broad-
well House
Lewis Jacob, clerk, bds. cor. E and Curtis
Lewis John, coachman, bds. Colorado
House
Lewis C. M. speculator, bds. Colorado
House
Lewis J. r. cor. F and Stout
Lewis Wm. r. cor. F and Stout
Lewis W. J. saloonkeeper, Blake, nr.
Front
Lewis H. W. laborer, bds. Carr House
Lee J. M. machinist, bds. Elephant House
Lee Henry (Lee & McMuUin), dealer in
agricultural implements, bds. Carr
House
Lee & SIcMulliu (Henry Lee and Thos.
McjMullin), agricultural implements,
Wazee, bet. F and G
LeasG. W. machinist, bds. Tremont House
Leimoil «k Son J. A. (J. A. Lennon and
J. B. Lennon), merchant tailors, 344
Larimer
Lennon John A. (Lennon & Son), mer-
chant tailor, 344 Larimer, r. Lawrence,
bet. P and Q
Lennon John B. (Lennon & Son), mer-
chant tailor, 344 Larimer, r. Lawrence,
bet. P and Q
Leimer & Co. grocers, Holladay, nr. F
Leimer Charles, clerk. Wells, Fargo &
Co. bds. Lawrence, bet. E and F
Lessig' W. H. surveyor general, cor. E
and Larimer, r. Arapahoe, bet. F and G
Lessig John, surveyor, r. cor. K and
Lawrence
Ledesar Frank, carpenter, Larimer, bet.
H and I, r. Holladay, bet. I and K
282
DENVER DIRECTORY.
Don't go on ajouiney without an Accident
Ticket of the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
CASH ASSETS, HALF MILLION DOLLARS.
a,n r>.t\r\S 1 "^^y. ^ -"^ ^ 5 days, $1.25.
$3,000 1 10 days, S2.50; 30 days, $5.00.
Can he procured in one minute.
Crater&Cobb,Agts,,HolladaySt.,opp. Mint, Denver.
Leahy B. Mrs. laundress, r. cor. M and
Larimer
Lenahan Mary Mrs. laundress, r. Curtis,
bet. M and N
Leary John, laborer, bds. Pennsylvania
House
Leach Chas. carpenter, bds. Pennsylva-
nia House
Leach C. C. painter, 147 F, bds. Carr
House
Leidinger F. W. teamster, Colorado
Brewery
Levenstein Jacob, county hospital
Levantow Fred, with B. Cornforth, r.
Blake, bet. N and 0
Leber Stephen, teamster, bds. California
House
Leightou H. painter, F, nr. Wazee
Leonard Nellie E. Miss, dressmaker,
Blake, bet. G and H
Linton Thomas, shoemaker, Blake, bet.
G and H
Linton Charles, shoemaker, Blake, bet.
G and H
Lincoln David, with Deitsch & Bro. cor.
F and Larimer
Lincoln A. R. county treasurer Arapa-
hoe county, r. Larimer, bet. E and F
Library Territorial, Larimer, bet. F
and G. G. T. Clark, ex-officio librarian
Link .John, bookkeeper, Denver House
Link George, butcher, 66 Blake, bds.
Pennsylvania House
Livingston & Scliram, hardware deal-
ers, 351 Larimer
Livingston 8. V. (Livingston & Schram),
hardware merchant, r. Arapahoe, bet.
I and K
Linhart George, freighter, r. Glenarm,
bet. M and N
Lingner Henry, butcher, with G. C. Arndt
Lindauer S. clerk, with I. H. Kastor,
168 F
Littlefield S. S. bookseller, rooms, 341
Larimer
Lloyd Michael, laborer, bds. Charter Oak
House
Lloyd B. bds. Pennsylvania House
Lorighry John, prop, boarding house,
Holladay, bet. E and F
Lobenstein & Co. hide and leather deal-
ers, cor. G and Holladay
Lobenstein W. C. (Lobenstein & Co.),
hide and leather dealer, r. Leaven-
worth, Kan.
Longshore J. T. clerk, with A. Block,
cor. H and Arapahoe
Long J. K. bds. Pennsylvania House
Loos Jacob, carpenter, r. Arapahoe, bet.
B and C
Loosley John, dining room boy, Ameri-
can House
Loosley A. Mrs. milliner, Lawrence, nr. I
Lowery T. H. clerk, with Nye Forward-
ing Co. r. cor. N and Lawrence
Lorcy Nancy Mrs. r. Arapahoe, Ijet. E
and F
Love J. C. la))orer, bds. Carr House
Lond Michael, barber, bds. Wazee, bet.
H and I
Londoner & Bro. whol. grocers, 148 F
Londoner W. (Londoner & Bro.), r. Ara-
pahoe, bet. G and H
Londoner J. (Londoner & Bro.) r. cor.
F and Champa
Lockilt Wm. clerk, with B. Cornforth,
146 F
Lotlirop W. C. supt. of public instruc-
tion, office, 345 Larimer, r. cor. I and
Lawrence
Luebbers Henry A. civil engineer and
architect, office, 145 F
Lutz Wm. horse trainer, r. Cheyenne av.
bet. Sixth and Seventh
Lynch Johu, hostler, Broadwell House
Lynch David, hostler, Broadwell House
Lyden Martin, gas fitter, bds. Charter
Oak House
lyTARK JOHN, carpenter, bds. Cali-
J^\. foruia House
Martin Juo. miner, bds. California House
Martin James (Post & Co.), blacksmith,
F, bet. Wazee and Wynkoop
Martin 0. printer, bds. Washington House
Martin Ed. laborer, r. Blake, bet. I & K
Martin Ida Mrs. r. Blake, bet. I and K
Martin W. S. waiter, Broadwell House
Martin & Nuckolls, merchants, 339 Lari-
mer
Martin J. H. (Baker & Co.), grocer, Lar-
imer, bet. F and G, r. Cheyenne
Martin Thos. laborer, with S. E. Browne,
Larimer, bet. Q and R
Martin D. J. (Martin & Nuckolls), mer-
chant, 339 Larimer
Martin James, blacksmith, r. cor. K and
Curtis
Martin J. McVay, actor, Denver Theatre,
cor. G and Lawrence
Manning . bds. Smith House
Manning H. H. druggist, r. H, bet. Law-
rence and Arapahoe
Mann John S. cook, Pennsylvania House
WHEELER & MULSOy SEWING 3IACHI>ES SEM BY EXPRESS, C. 0. D.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
283
Eptalle Lift Assurance Societi ; „ ''"^ northwestern
OF isET^ YORK. I mutual Life Insurance Company
The Leading Life Insurance Company of the World. ' O"^ Milwaukee, wis.,
EEICHA2D i WDTilE, Gsnera". Agsst;, ' ^* *^'^ Leading Life Company of the West.
DENVER,
COLORADO.
Mack Toney, cook, bds. Tremont House
Magins John, laborer, r. cor. Wiwatta
and F
Malony Wm. blacksmith, bds. Carr House
Malony John, dealer in agrl. impls. F,
nr. Wazee, member city council, r.
Arapahoe, bet. E and F
Machette A. H. saddler and harness-
maker, F, bet. Wazee and Wynkoop
Machette Chas. C, gloves and furs, 162
F, bds. cor. Larimer and San Luis
Mayer Geo. & Brother, hardware mer-
chants, cor. G and Blake
Mayer J. C. (Geo. Mayer c& Bro.), hard-
ware merchant, cor. Blake and G
Mayer , K. P. Ry. r. Larimer, bet.
G and H
Marlow Jas. U. mining operator, bds.
American House
Marlow Hamilton, saloonkeeper, Plant-
ers' House
Magill Jane, housekeeper, American
House
Marshall Joe. porter, American House
Marshall Josephine Miss, bds. 76 Holla-
day
Marshall Amos (col'd), cook, Arapahoe,
bet. M and N
Marshall Frank, miner, r. cor. I & Curtis
Matthews E. G. (Matthews & Reser),
real estate agts. bds. American House
Matthews & Reser (E. G. Matthews and
E. A. Reserj, real estate agts. office,
389 Larimer
Matthews John R. laborer, bds. foot of H
Magle Nicholas, bds. with H. Klopfer
Mathias Joseph, domestic, with J. Oster-
wick
Mahon Thomas, teamster, at Hartman's
stable
Mahoney D. machinist, K. P. Junction
Matthewson David, contractor, r. Chey-
enne av. bet. Sixth and Seventh
Mackle Joseph, bookkeeper, r. Arapahoe
av. nr. Seventh
Mackie Tim. teamster, bds. cor. G and
Blake
Maguire Wm. painter, r. Larimer, nr.
Front
Maguire M. C. & Bro. (M. C. and E. R.
Maguire), furniture dealers, 185 F
Maguire M. C. (M. C. Maguire i: Bro.),
furniture dealer. 185 F
DR. S. S, WALLIHAN, Gen'l Agt, Denver.
Maguire C. lab. r. California, bet. F & 6
Maguire E. R. (M. C. Maguire & Bro.),
furniture dealer, 185 F
Maguire Thos. (M. C. Maguire & Bro.),
furniture dealer, 185 F
Mahar C. J. (Strickler & Mahar), auc-
tion and commission merchant, 25
Blake, bds. Tremont House
Malhesias R. baker, 30 Blake
Marchant Wm. (Spencer ^^ Marchant),
saddler and harnessmaker, 32 Blake
Markisa Peter, with P. Schueler, Lari-
mer, bet. F and G
Mays D. W. (J. A. Miller & Co.). commis-
sion merchant, r. Stout, bet. H and I
Maroney J. T. tailor, 346 Larimer
Marion Joseph, r. Arapahoe, bet. F & G
Magnet M. Nye, dentist, bds. Larimer,
bet. F and G
Markham Y. D. attorney at law, office,
Roper's blk. cor. G and Larimer
Mayer-Marix M. physician, 356 Lari-
mer, bds. American House
Manchester Thos. expressman, r. Ara-
pahoe, bet. H and I
Maine V.'. H carpenter, r. Front, bet.
Third and Fourth
Mather C. W. miner, r. cor. L and Ara-
pahoe
Maxey John J. blacksmith, F. nr. AVyn-
koop, r. Welton, bet. D and E
Mason Thomas, Welton, bet. E and F
McAvery T. porter Broadwell House
McClintock Ed. speculator, r. Sixth and
Cherry
McCarty L. prop. Tremont House
McCarty F. clerk, W. S. Walker & Co.
Larimer, bet. F and G
McCabe J laborer, bds. California House
McConnell A. D. saloonkeeper, Blake,
nr. Front
McConnell J. B. bookkeeper, Colorado
National Bank
McCuue A. painter, 142 F, r. Arapahoe,
bet. E and F
McCune J. H. painter, 142 F
McCleary J. ranchero, bds. Tremont
House
McClure G. W. machinist, r. Curtis, bet.
H and I
McClure F. D. r. Curtis, bet. H and I
McClure C. T. teller, Warren Hussey's
Bank, r. Curtis, bet. H and I
284
DENVER DIRECTORY.
Dont insure life or property until you read the list
of sterling companies represented by
On the upper left hand corner of the ten
preceding pages in this hook.
Aggregate Assets, Sixty-five Million Dollars.
No "Shoo Fly" Companies represented.
Office, Holladay Street, opp. Mint, Denver, Col.
McCloud J. W. hatter, r. Arapahoe av.
bet. Third and Fourth
McClaskey G. H. (Armstrong & McClas-
key), saddler and harnessmaker, r.
Ferry, bet. Fifth and Sixth
McClelland W. F. physician and sur-
geon, office, cor. Larimer and F, r.
Curtis, bet. H and I
McComb H. E. blacksmith, bds. Wash-
ington House
McComb L. H. blacksmith, bds. Wash-
• ington House
McCool J. bds. 22 Blake
McCool J. S. capitalist and prop. McCool
blk. r. Champa, bet. M and N
McCool T. clerk, -with C. Johnson, 167 F
McCormiss F. C. saddler, 50 Blake
McCormick R. R. sec. D. P. Ry. and T.
Co. r. Lawrence, bet. F and G
McCorinic & Shallcross (T. B. McCor-
mic and A. P. Shallcross), druggists,
371 Larimer
McCormic T. B. (McCormic & Shall-
cross), druggist, 371 Larimer
McCormick Isaac L. carpenter, Holladay,
bet. F and G
McCord Chas. R. clerk, post office, bds.
Larimer, bet. G and H
McCord William, bds. Lawrence, bet. G
and H
McCord A. painter, r. Riverside
McCoy W. clerk, with J. A. Miller &
Co. bds. Lawrence, bet. G and H
McCoy D. domestic, Arapahoe, bet. M & E
McCoy J. W. carpenter, r. Champa, bet.
L and M
McConners , saddler, bds. Railroad
House
McCook E. M. governor of Colorado,
executive rooms, McCool's blk. Lari-
mer, nr. F, bds. American House
McCuUum J. blacksmith, bds. American
House
McCullough J. carpenter, r. Curtis, bet
M and N
McConahan M. V. miner, bds. Pennsyl-
vania House
McDonald , speculator, bds. Ferry,
bet. Sixth and Seventh
McDonald , carpenter, bds. Penn-
sylvania House
McDonald M. Mrs. bds. cor. M and Law-
rence
McDonald F. A. clerk, with C. M. Steb-
bins, Blake, nr. F
McDougal J. B. carpenter, bds. cor. E
and Holladay
McDermid A. W. carpenter, r. cor. I and
California
McEwen B. F. freighter, r. Champa, bet.
I and K
McElroy T. laborer, r. Glenarm, bet. E
and F
McEachern A. carpenter, K. P. Junction
McFarland J. tinsmith, bds. Curtis, bet.
C and D
McGregor A. foreman carpenter shop,
K. P. Junction
Mcllvain Thomas, sawyer, bds. Tremont
House
Mclntj're J. W. contractor, r. Stout, bet.
F and G
McKee «S: Hodgson (J. C. McKee and
AVm. Hodgson), grocers, 67 Blake
McKee Wni. laborer, bds. Colorado House
McKee J. C. (McKee & Hodgson), grocer,
57 Blake
McKee J. lab. bds. cor. K and Holladay
McKibben A. broker, bds. American
House
McKindley J. P. Mrs. bds. American
House
McLaughlin Mary Miss, r. Blake, bet. H
and I
McLaughlin AV. T. clerk, r. Curtis, bet.
Gand H
McLaughlin C. H. receiver U. S. land
oflBce, office, Feuersteins lilk. r. cor. F
and Colfax av.
McLeod J. W. bookkeeper, with Harper
& Housnian
McMullin Thomas (Lee & McMullin),
Wazee, b'-t. F and G, r. Lawrence,
bet. 0 and P
McNeil J. clerk, D. P. Ry.
McNeil J. Mrs. r. Glenarm, bet. E and F
McNulty J. laborer, K. P. Ry. shops
McNichols R. carpenter, K. P. Rj'. chops
McPhee J. laborer, bds. Curtis, bet. C & D
McPliee C. I), carpenter, r. cor. F and
Holladay
McQuann G L. stencil cutter, bds. Wash-
ington House
McTaggart J. (Haggerty & McTaggart),
tailor, Larimer, bet. F and G
Meginnis J. H. machinist, K. P. Junction
Meal T. luindryman, Tremont House
Melvin House, Dupree & Co. props.
Holladay, bet. F and G
Meredith Mary, waitress, Tremont House
Merk Andrew, shoemaker, F, bet. Wazee
and Wynkoop
Merchants' Flouring Mills, 0. W. Shack-
leton & Co. props, cor. Arapahoe av.
and Seventh
The 1^ HEELER & 1>1LS0N SE^TNG MACHWE does all kind of Work.
DENVER DIRECTORY,
285
HARTFORD, CONN.
dsj^js :z'Sy -^ - sif 00,000
REICHARD & WINNE, Agents,
ff)^NVER, - - - COLORADO.
Merchant John, carpenter, K. P. Ry.
Junction
Metropolitan Restaurant, 31 Blake
Merseburg Chas. tailor, Blake, bet. E
and F
Meyer H. H. with I. Brinker & Co. cor.
F and Blake
Metcalf C. P. clerk, with Phil. Troun-
stine, 172 F
Merriiiiau R. L. (Merriman Bros.), gen.
agt. sewing machines and safes, cor.
G and Larimer
Merriman E. R. (Men-iman Bros.), gen.
agt. safes and sewing machines, cor.
G and Larimer, r. Stout, bet. F and G
Merriman J. F. plasterer, r. Glenarm,
bet. E and F
Merritt Wm. bricklayer, bds. Colorado
House
Me'chling John, attorney at law, oflBce,
Clayton's bldg. r. cor. K and Champa
Metz Julius, clerk, bds. Melvin House
Merrill J. W. rooms, Arapahoe, bet. E
and F
Metliodist Episcopal Chnrcli, Rev. J.
L .Peck, pastor, cor. E and Law-
rence
Missouri House, Front, bet. Third and
Fourth
Mickle John A. shoemaker, Blake, nr.
Front
Mickel AVm. r. Holladay, bet. H and I
Mickie S. W. gen. dealer, bds. Tremont
House
Miller H. M. lab. bds. I, bet. Wiwatta
and Wynkoop
i^Iiller Jacob, cook, Washington House
Miller J. A. & Co. (J. A. Miller and D.
W. Mays), forwarding and commission
merchants, Blake, nr. G
Miller J. A. (J. A. Miller & Co.), for-
warding and commission merchant
Millen P. Mrs. (col'd), laundress, r. cor.
Third and Front
Millen J. C. (col'd), barber, r. cor. Third
and Front
Miller Louis, prop, livery stable, r. Ferry,
bet. Fifth and Sixth
Miller Ed. C. clerk, Bell House
Miller H. cook, Bell House.
Miller Wm. barkeeper, 30 Blake
Miller T. S. with S. Brunswick, r. cor. H
and Arapahoe
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE
I]vsrRA^CE CO.
Combines Eastern prudence in management
u'ith Western rates on its investments.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DENVEli, COLORADO.
Miller G. W. (Miller & Markham), attor-
ney at law, ofhce, Ropers blk. r. Cur-
tis, bet. N and 0
Miller & xMarkham (G. W. Miller and Y. D.
Markham), attys. at law, Roper"s blk.
Miller J. G. carpenter, bds. Pennsylvania
House
Miller H. A. Mrs. r. Champa, bet. N
and 0
Miller Chas. cook, r. foot of F
Millsaps Wm. laborer, r. I, bet. Wazee
and Blake
Millsap S. B. hostler, with W. M. Burns
Millsap ]\L M. carpenter, r. Lawrence,
bet. D and E
Mius Ellis (col'd), County Hospital
Mitchell J. H. laborer, bds. Carr House
Mitchell & Son, grocers, etc. 188 F
Mitchell S. J. (Mitchell & Son), grocer,
188 F, r. cor. H and Arapahoe
Mitchell D. clerk, with Mitchell & Son,
188 F
Mitchell J. (Mitchell & Son), grocer, r.
cor. H and Arapahoe
Mitchell Jas. cook, Curtis, bet. D and E
Mitchell John, lab. K. P. Junction
Mitchaud AVm. with James Tynon, bds.
Railroad House
Milcham D. F. teamster, r. Ebert's addi-
tion
Michael H. W. & Co. (H. W. Michael
and M. Healey), hardware merchants
and tinsmiths, Larimer, bet. F and G
Millard C M. S. printer. News office
Miles A. H. farmer, r. Arapahoe, bet. F
and G
Mills Pat. carpenter, r. Stout, bet. F & 6
Mofl'at R. W. carpenter, bds. Front, bet.
Third and Fourth
Moftat I). H. Jr. cashier First National
Bank, r. Lawrence, bet. F and G
Mofifett C. P. (Pierce & Motfett). prop.
Dollar Store, Tappan's blk. bds. Ameri-
can House
Molfett J. H. carpenter and builder
Moore W. stage driver, bds. Tremont
House
Moore F. S. bookkeeper, B. Cornforth
Moore Robt. teamster, bds. Carr House
Moore Robt. hostler, with W. T. Palmer
Moore Emma Mrs. r. Champa, bet. F .S: G
Morrill E. engineer, bds. Tremont House
Morris James, bds. Tremont House
i
286
DENVER DIRECTORY.
GEO. E. CRATER.
CHA8. D. COBB.
CRATER & COBB,
INSUEANCE AND GENERAL ASENTS
Notaries Public and Conveyancera,
Holladay Street, opp. Mint,
I>li2I>fVEIt, - COIjOItA.I>0.
Mortimer B. S. actor, Denver Theatre,
cor. G and Lawrence
Monroe Ed. prop, stable, G, bet. Wazee
and Wynkoop
Montoyo Domingo, r. Blake, bet. H and I
Mosby A. (col'd), cook, Broadwell House
Mosby R. W. Mrs. (col'd), music teacher,
r. Arapahoe, bet. I and K
Mountain Daniel, papermaker, r. Ferry,
bet. Fifth and Sixth
Mount , speculator, bds. Ferry, bet.
Sixth and Seventh
Montgomery J. L. carpenter, r. cor.
Ferry and Sixth
Montgomery Geo. N. barkeeper. 186 F
Montgomery Geo. K. bookkeeper, bds.
Holladay, bet. F and G
Montgomery J. A. artist, bds. Holladay,
bet. F and G
Montgomery Mattie, r. cor. K & Holladay
Morrison John, barkeeper, 46 Blake,
bds. 48 Blake
Morrison A. clerk, with I. H. Kastor
Morrison S. B. with J. H. Morrison, r.
H, bet. Lawrence and Arapahoe
Morrison J. H. U. S. Collector Int. Rev.
r. H, bet. Lawrence and Arapahoe
Morrison W. F. painter, cor. H and
Arapahoe
Morgan J. P. with A. K. Tilton, 52 Blake
Monk S. shoemaker, 191 F, r. Glenarm,
bet. E and F
Monk B. with S. Brunswick, bds. Hotel
Garni
Mowbray Roscoe C. surgeon dentist,
office, cor. G and Lawrence
Mosser P. blacksmith, Holladay, nr. G,
r. Lawrence, bet. G and H
Moss R. L. painter, Lawrence, bet. N & 0
Moses T. stock dealer, bds. Curtis, bet.
K and L
Moseley F. H. route agt. D. P. Ry. rooms
Feuerstein's blk.
Moseley A. L. mechanical engineer, r.
Stout, bet. C and D
Moncriefif J. carpenter, Holladay, nr. G,
r. Arapahoe, bet. I and K
Morris W. carpenter, K. P. Junction
Murphy C. prop. Charter Oak House, r.
Wynkoop, bet. H and I
Murphy S. steward, American House
Murphy H. butcher, cor. Fifth & Cherry
Murphy A. plasterer, bds. Missouri House
Murphy Jno. lather, r. Curtis, bet. E & F
Mulvie F. bds. Wynkoop, bet. H and I
Mund H. H. tobacconist, Larimer, bet.
F and G
Murry J. (col'd). County Hospital
Mueller Wm. Countj- Hospital
Muehler William, bookkeeper
Munshow , carpenter, 341 Larimer
Murat H. saloonkeeper, Larimer, bet.
F and G
Mulahy J. Mrs. dressmaker, F, bet. Lar-
imer and Lawrence
Mumford N. Mrs. bds. 75 Holladay
Muire A. A. Mrs. r. cor. E and California
Mulholland W. P. merchant, bds. Penn-
sylvania House
Munsporrer Geo. carpenter, bds. Penn-
sylvania House
Myers Win. dealer in agricultural im-
plements, etc. F and Wynkoop
Myer Geo. tinsmith, r. Arapahoe av. bet.
Third and Fourth
Myer J. tinsmith, bds. Arapahoe av. bet.
Third and Fourth
Myer Otto, mattressmaker, r. cor. San
Luis and Fourth
Myers A. wagonmaker, r. Holladay, bet.
G and H
Myers W. G. carpenter, r. cor. K and
Larimer
Myers S. E. Mrs. dressmaker, r. cor. K
and Larimer
Myers J. coachman, with Gov. E. M.
McCook
Myers J. H. bricklayer, r. cor. H and
Welton
XTATIONAL LAND CO. office, Lari-
±yi mer, nr. G, W. N. Byers, manager
Nathan S. dry goods, etc 354 Larimer
Nagel H. P. with Hense & Gottesleben,
bds. Denver House
Newell , carpenter, bds. Tremont
House
Newmark H. musician, r. cor. F and Ara-
pahoe
Newland Wm. contractor, r. cor. M and
Welton
Nettleton , switchman, D. P. & K. P.
railways, bds. Depot House
Nehls W. wagonmaker, bds. Carr House
Neal Alex, (col'd), cook, r. cor. H and
Holladay
Nelson 0. tailor, 346 Larimer, bds. Hol-
laday, bet. E and F
Nillson C. Miss, domestic, with J. Evans
Norris J. rooms cor. F and Wynkoop
North Chas. saloon keeper, bds. Ameri-
can House
Norrid W. (col'd). welldigger, r. Lari-
mer, bet. H and I
Nuttal Wm. saloonkeefer, 46 Blake
All WHEELER & AITLSON Sewing Machines Warranted for Fire Years.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
287
NortUEricaiFiretaraiceCo. ! NflrllWBStfin Mil Liffi
OF NEW YORK
c»hc^^^>;i:^b:I3 x:v is23.
ASSETS, - . . . $800,000
Reicliard <fc Winne, Agents,
BENVER, = - = e©LQRAQ.Q.
Xje Forwarding' Co. 41 Blake, Loyal
S. Nye, pres.
Nye L. S. pres. Nye Forwarding Co. r.
Larimer, bet. K and L
Nyce Geo. W. carpenter, r. Larimer, bet.
N and 0
0
AKES D. C. r. Curtis, bet. C and D
O'Brien M. overseer, D. P. Ry. bds.
Charter Oak House
O'Brien J. E (Gillis & O'Brien), bds.
Tremont House
O'Connell P. prop. Missouri House
Oder W. R. engineer, bds. Fourth, nr.
Front
Oetter Adam, cabinetmaker, r. cor. N
and Well on
Ogsberry C. carpenter, bds. Colorado
House
Olsen 0. G. scullion, American House
O'Neill J. C. gentleman, bds. American
House
Opitz Gns. sec. Colorado Savings, Build-
ing and Loan Ass'n, office, 145 F
Orman AVm. trader, bds. American
House
Orman Jas. trader, bds. American
House
Osborn A. W. brickmaker, r. San Luis,
bet. Fifth and Sixth
Osborn R. A. clerk, bds. Ferry, bet.
Sixth and Seventh
Osment W. W. bricklayer, r. San Luis,
bet. Eighth and Ninth
Osterwick J. saloonkeeper, cor. Fifth
and Ferry
Ostrander R. H. teamster, at Hartman's
stable
Oswald D. C. butcher, 145 F, r. down
Platte
O'Sullivan W. clerk, Railroad House
Osmond T. cook, bds. Elephant House
Ostrom W. H. carpenter
Owen T. M. architect, office, G, bet. Lar-
imer and Lawrence
Owens W. carpenter, r. Curtis, bet. I
and K
Osgood W. T. hat, cap and fur dealer,
F, nr. Larimer, bds. Hatten House
Ott Moritz, with Barth & Bro. 169 F
Otis 0. G. with Harper & Housman, r.
cor. G and Curtis
INSURANCE CO.
Batio of expense to income in 1870, only 14.81
Dr. S. S. WalUhan, General Agent,
IiEXTER, COLORADO.
PALMER FRANK, manager Ilussey's
Bank, r. Champa, bet. M and N
Palmer W. J. civil engineer, r. cor. Cle-
ments and Lincoln
Palmer W. T. prop. Elephant Corral,
Blake, bet. E and F
Palmer A. R. Mrs. milliner, 341 Larimer
Palmer Daniel D. r. 341 Larimer
Parmelee J. farmer, bds. Tremont House
Patten Bridget, dishwasher, Tremont
House
Patten T. H. with E. Donnelly, r. Cali-
fornia, bet. H and I
Parrott Sam. laborer, r. Wynkoop, bet.
I and K
Pattengill H. blacksmith, bds. Washing-
ton House
Papst Aug. shoemaker, r. Cheyenne av.
nr. Fourth
Parker H. barber, 40 Blake
Parker Wm. carpenter, bds. Larimer, nr.
Front
Parklmrst L. brewer, cor. H & Larimer
Partridge J. W. miner, r. cor. H & Curtis
Payne C. H. AV. farmer, r. Cherry, bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Payne Henry, farmer, r. Cherry, bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Payne Daniel S. farmer, r. Cherry, bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Patrick S. G. clerk, Blake, nr. F
Parence Aug. helper. Metropolitan res-
taurant
Pammon Chas. laborer, bds. Washington
House
Parsons Fred, night watchman, U. S.
mint
Page Frankie, r. cor. K and Holladay
Perrenoud , r. head of Glenarm
Penny Stephen, bds. Pennsylvania House
Peterson P. f»g'- Chalfant, Cox & Co.
office, 339 Larimer
Pearce G. F. laborer, bds. Wynkoop, bet.
I and K „ .
Pearce G. tinsmith, bds. Front, bet.
Third and Fourth
Pearse Julius, barber, Blake, bet. G ^; H
People's Restaurant, 42 Blake, B. L.
Ford, prop.
Peite C. Mrs. laundress, Holladay, bet.
G and H , ^
Penwright C. Mrs. (col'd), laundress.
Lawrence, bet. I and K
288
DENVER DIRECTORY.
Tie Mntoal Life Iiisiiiwe Go.
Largest and best in the world.
A-SSETS, $45,000,000, CA.SH
CRATER & COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
Perren ]Mary A. domestic, with J. B.
A shard
Peabody H. 0. r. California, bet. E and F
Pcabody W. S. with D. G. Peabody, bds.
American House
Peabody D. G. dry goods merchant, 163
F, r. Colfax av. nr. F
Peck J. L. Rev. pastor M. E. Church,
r. cor. E and Stout
Pemberton James, malster, Denver Ale
Brewing Co.
Pearl Joseph, laborer, r. Blake, nr. Front
Pettepier Frank, prop. Metropolitan res-
taurant, 31 Blake
Pennell S. bds. Elephan., House
Pennsylvania House, J. Stockdori, prop.
28 Blake
Perry M. A. Mrs. furnished rooms, Ara-
pahoe, bet. E and F
Pekaric Kate Miss, domestic, with D. C.
Dodge
Phelps S. H. lumber merchant, bds.
Depot House
Phelps Lizzie Mrs. r. I, bet. AVazee and
Blake
Phillips H. T. cook, Hotel Garni
Phillips S. carpenter, bds. Smith House
Phisterer E. gunsmith, 51 Blake
Philbeck Geo. grocer, 196 F, r. same
Philbrook M. carpenter, K. P. Junction
Phitten Miller, tinsmith, r. cor. Fourth
and Arapahoe
Phifer W. G. freighter, bds. Curtis, bet.
D and E
Pierce John, vice pres. D. P. R. R. cor.
F and Blake, r. cor. D and California
Pierce & Moffett (W. H. Pierce and C.
P. Moffett), props. Denver Dollar Store,
Tappan blk.
Pierce G. H. speculator, bds. American
House
Pierce AV. H. (Pierce & Moffett), civil
engineer, etc. r. Arapahoe, bet. F & G
Pierce Jonathan, bds. Curtis, bet. K
and L
Piper F. M. with W. S. Walker & Co. r.
cor. I and California
Pierson S. L. carpenter, r. Champa, bet.
E and P
Pitzer H. L. grocer, cor. Fifth and Cherry
Piper F. saloonkeeper, r. California, bet.
I and K
Platte Water Co. F. Z. Salomon, pres.
Post E. J. & Co. blacksmiths, F, bet.
Wazee and Wynkoop
Post Office, 377 Lai-imer, H. P. Bennet,
postmaster
Pollock Alex, wagonmaster, r. cor. F and
Wynkoop
Pollock J. G. operator, W. U. Tel. Co.
bds. Tremont House
Pooler C. E. whol. fruit dealer, 173 F,
r. cor. K and Curtis
Pooler R. L. with C. E. Pooler, r. Arapa-
hoe, bet. I and K
Potter A. G. prop, restaurant, 42 Blake
Potter C. saloon keeper, cor. G & Blake
Potter B. Mrs. laundress, Lawrence, bet.
D and E
Police Court, 349 Larimer, (up stairs)
Powell Peter, r. Curtis, bet. K and L
Pomeroy Chas. blacksmith, bds. fooi of
Arapahoe av.
Pomeroy Thos. blacksmith, r. Ferry, bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Pope A. shoemaker, r. cor. Cheyenne av.
and Fourth
Pope W. D. with J. J. Reithmann & Co.
cor. F and Larimer
Porter Carrie, r. cor. Cherry and Third
Power A. Mrs. saleswoman, 44 ]'>lake
Pochin J. L. carpenter, r. cor. I and Cal-
ifornia
Proctor H. W. telegraph operator, K. P.
Ry. depot, bJs. American House
Prugh W. W. clerk, supfs office, D. P. Ry.
Preston H. D. surveyor, bds. Holladay,
bet. E and F
Preston E. Miss, r. Hollailny, bet. H and I
Probate Court Ai-apahoe Co. H. A.
Clough, judge, Larimer, bet. F and G
Primble , bds. F, bet. Lawrence and
Larimer
Pringle J. P. shop clerk, K. P. Junction,
r. cor. E and Lawrence
Prince H. blacksmith. Fifth, bet. Cherry
and Ferry
Prince Chris, baker, with G. Reith
Pratt Frank, hostler, with C. R. Hartman
Pursell A. K. clerk, Tremont House
Purcell J. lab. bds. Charter Oak House
Purdy — , carpenter, rooms 341 Larimer
Purdy Wm. carpenter, bds. Cherry, bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Putnam T. G. (Browne, Harrison & Put-
nam), attorney at law, office, Larimer,
nr. G
Putman G. L. (Fisher, Putman & Bulen),
life ins. agt. r. Curtis, bet. C and D
Piitz Engenie Mdme. French milliner,
etc. 205 G, Ropers blk.
QUAINTANCE W. L. expressman, r.
Champa, bet. G and H
Quiner AVm. teamster, cor. H and Blake
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE GO.
nwM
CAPITAL, - - - $400,000.00
THEO. S. CASE, M. D. DIVELY, JAS. C. MEDSKER,
President. Vice-President. Secretary.
I>IIlECTOItlS:
THEO. S. CASE, M. D. DIVELY, D. S, TWITCHELL,
J. W. KEEPER, F. R. LONG, J. W. REID,
X. X. BUCKNER, D. L. SHOUSE, JAS. C. MEDSKER.
EDWARD 7A1T EUDEUT, AGENT FOR COLORADO,
dERMANU LIFE INSURANCE CO.
293 and 295 Broadway, New York.
H. WESENDONCK, Pres't. C. DOREMUS, Sec'y
Assets ■ $4,000,000
Antiital Income I,500,i)OO
nivldentt, in Cash among Policy Holders BOO.OOO
Paid to Widoti's and Orphans 1,2S0,0<)0
Annual dividends, on the contribution plan, to dat«, have been uniformly 40 per
cent, on the Life Premiums.
ALL SURPLUS DIVIDENDS AMONG THE INSURED.
No unnecessary restrictions in the policies. Traveling to and residing in Europe permitted bj the
policy. The only American company which has established agencies througliout Europe.
All Policies become Non-forfeitable by their Terms.
Bates as low as consistent with solvency.
The Company's assets are CASH
Premiums are payable in CASh!
Dividends are payable in ].CASn!
And all losses promptly paid full in
EDWARD VAN ENDERT, JOHN E. WURTZEBACM,
^ Local Agent, Denver General AgenU
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
H. H. Hamilton & Co.
MUSIC DEALERS
(Trade-Mark.Copyrlgbled.)
GENERAL AGENTS FOR THE CELEBRATED
Of New York, and for the
HENRY F. MILLER PIANO,
Of Boston,
THE MASON & HAMLIN ORGAN,
Prince & Co.'s Organs and Melodeons,
And the unrivalled
SHEET MTTSIC AND MUSIC BOOKS.
We are also prepared to sell Pianos and Organs of any mannfactnre desired. We keep the Pianos
we sell in tune for one year, gratis, and warrant them fob five tears.
We give special attention to the tuning and repairing of Pianos and Organs, doing the work in the
most thorough manner and at the lowest prices.
SSf For a more detailed description of the ARION PIANO-FORTE and BURDETT ORGAN, see
advertisement elsewhere in this work.
Store, 383 Larimer Street,
mmmwmm^. m mm'^mm
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
THE
BURDETT ORGAN
Has obtained a sale unprecedented in the annals of the trade in this country, and
gained, by intrinsic merit, a ■world-wide reputation, unsurpassed by any
and all other instruments of this class. It is superior in
1. Volume of Power and Variety of Expression, combining a roundness of expression and purity
of tone heretofore considered unattainable.
2. Promptness of Actiox. together with delicacy and elasticity of touch, rendering them e^peciully
desirable and superior to all otlieis for the execution of Rapid Music, Runs, Trills, Cadences, etc., etc.
3. Their Grand Oechestrai, Effects, which may be produced at the will of the performer.
4. The fact that they contain the most useful and important musical inventions and improvements
of the age, the same being protected by separate patents, and ustD exclusively in THB "BURDETT
ORGAN."
The following are some of the more important recent improvements :
IMPROVED HARMONIC ATT.tCHMENT
Doubles the power of the instrument without increasing its size or the number of its reeds.
THE HARMONIC CELESTE
Is a now and valuable improvement, bringing into use an extra set of reeds, which, by their peculiar
arrangement and method of tuning, produce a beautiful string-like quality of tone.
IMPROVED MANUAL SUB-BASS
Brings into use an independent set of large and powerful reeds, operated upon the usual key-board. It
requires no extra space, is a perfect substitute for a pedal-bass, and increases the power of the bass notes
more than three-fold.
IMPROVED VOX HUMANA,
Confessedly the most important of all modern improvements on Reed Organs, an<l the result of m.any
years' study and experiment by R. W. Carpenter, E.sq. This improvement is found only on the BURDETT
ORGAN, and is, without exception, the most beautiful addition ever introduced.
ORCHESTRAL SWELL.
A most effectual mode of increasing or diminishing sound. By its use the performer has under perfect
control an appliance for producing any required degree of "light and shade" of sound at pleasure.
THE CAMPANELL.\.
A beautiful, bell-like attachment, which gives to the instrument a brilliancy of effect and vivacity of
expression that renders it surpassingly sweet in music of a light, airy character.
J&' See advertiiement of H. H. Hamilton & Co., elsewhere in this worA-.-®R
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
THIE I^^J^TEIsTT
Arion Piano-Forte
BEST INSTRUMENT EVER MANUFACTURED.
The following are some of the reasons why the ARION is superior to all other
pianos : ^
It combines Manner's Four Simplifying Patents, viz.:
Patent Arion Reversed "Wooden Agraffe,
Patent Arion Compound "Wrest Plank,
Patent Arion Full Iron Frame,
. Patent Arion Siistaining Bar.
Tlie ARION has greater power than any other piano manufactured. It will dtand in tuno lonRer,
is more perfect in its mechanical construction, and therefore more dur.'il'le than any iuBtrumeut made in
the usual manner. The arrangement of the agraffe, the manner of slrinping, and the peculiar form und
arrangement of the iron frame, are all superior to anythirrg heretofore derised.
The construction of the ARION is such that th^re are no strings that rest on any metal surface.
Every string in the ARION Piano rests on wood, and consequently the tone can never become sharp or
metallic, as is always the case in all oiher pianos which use the Metal Agraffe.
The Patent ARION Piano was awarded the premium at the two last fairs of the American Institute.
All ARIONS are Square Grands, and all are "J-^ octaves; the difference in the price and class is
caused only by ornamentation of the case.
BLINDFOLD TRIALS AGAIWST STEINWAY'S, CBICKERINO'S AND OTHEK PIANOS.
We, the undersigned, make oath, that at the time of the last fair of the American Institute, held in
New York, Immediately following the French Kxposition in Paris, two pianos, made by Steinway & S^ns,
one piano by Chickering & Pons, one PATENT ARION PIANO, made by O. C. Manner, and several
other makers' instruments, were tried against each other, by order and under control of the officers of
the Institute, to decide which piano on exiiibition in compc'tition should receive tlie first premium 'as
the best Square Piano known " To obtain an impartial trial, twice all of said pianos were covered with
papers, so that one piano could not be distinguished from another (during the absence of the Judges),
and twice did they select one of said Pianos as the best, which, upon uncovering, both times, proved to
be the said PATENT ARION PIANO, awarding it "the^rs< »remnm" "over all others, for being the
best Square Piano known to them."
EDWAHD MOLT.ENHADER, Prof, of Music, Musical Director and originator of the New York and
Brooklyn Conservatories of Music.
CHARhES FRADKL, the eminent and favorite Composer, and Pianist to his Royal Highness the Due
Gustave of Sax Weimar, Eisenach.
^'''^'"a'J^L't,'^,?;.?'^^'^^"'-^' P>-o<'es8nr of Music; Teacher of the higher school of Music, etc., etc.
iTTiVi,a^,?,^,^.^^vP''S»°"«t " Cathedral, Jersey Citv; Pianist, etc.
ijpvi.v «Tf, ^.?^^' AUGUi^T GRDENEBERG, CHARLES SOI.DWEDEL,
lli-tSKY MILLER, ROBERT RIEGER, ROBKRT MOENNEG,
o_. , , "• "• MANNER, Inventor and Patentee of the Arion Piano-Forte,
sworn before me this twenty-second day of July, 1869.
G. G. TAYLOR, Commissioner of Deeds.
Rt«in!!i\.'l'c '«8 ""f^Ch'ckering & Sons' Piano had received the Legion of Honor and Medal, and
Bteinway & Sons the Medal from Napoleon.
^=- See advertiiement 0/ IT. If. Hamilton rf Co., eUewhtrt in ihu work:'&,
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
OF DENVER.
DESIGNATED AND APPROVED DEPOSITORY FOR
United States Disbursing Officers
AND
FINANCIAL AGENTS
OF THK
UNITED STATES.
Anthorized Capital, - S500,000
Paid-in Capital, - 200,000
Undivided Profits, ------ 100,000
r> lit E C T O R. S ;
J. B. CHAFFEE. G. W. CLAYTON. W. S. CHEESMAN.
JNO. PIERCE. D. H. MOFFAT, Jr. GEO. "W. KASSLER.
GEO. "W. "WELLS.
J. B. OHAFrEE, President. GEO. W. OLAYTOTT, Vice-President.
D. H. MOFPAT, JK., Cashier.
Comer Blake and F Streets, Denver.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
THE
i^tomi® Nmtl®nml Mmmk
DENVER, COLORADO,
(Successor to Kountzo Brothers,)
Capital Paid In, ------ ^100,000
Capital Authorized, ----- S00,000
Designated Depository and Financial Agents
OP THE UNITED STATES.
Approved Depository for Disbursing Officers.
Augustus Kountze, President. Wm. B. Berger, Cashier.
Hocky Mountain national Bank,
CENTRAL CITY, COLORADO.
(Successors to Eonntze Brothers.)
H. Kountze, President. J. S. Raynolds, Cashier.
THE
OMAHA, NEBRASKA.
( Successor to Kountze Brothers.)
E. Creighton, President. A. Kountze, Cashier.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
DENVER PACIFIC DINING ROOMS
For Ladies and Gentlemen,
Blake St., bet. G and H, ©^M'^^M^
NICK CAMELLERI, Proprietor.
LXJlSrCH ^i^T -A.L.IL1 HOXJIlS of the r>A.'ir AND IViGHIT.
The trayeling public is respectfully informed that this house will be kept iu first-
class style, aud travelers cau get a first-class meal at all hours.
dliftoii Boarding House
Cor. San Luis and Larimer Streets,
W'EST DEJYYEE, - - COLORADO.
W. C. THOMPSON, Propr.
BOA-RD AND R003I, PER W^EEK, $!r.OO.
This house has been thoroughly refitted and furnished with new bedding and furniture, and is kept
in first class style.
lltt^S IlilitiPIMA
A COMPLETE LIBRARY OF BOOKS FOR TWENTY-
SEVEN DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS.
Coat of Zell's Encyclopedia, as Compared icUh other IForks of Reference.
A Complete Dictionary of Language costs S ^2 00
A Gazetteer of the World 10 Ou
The Cheapest American Encyclopedia. '2' "''
A Complete Bible Dictionary 20 00
A Dictionary of Medicine J^ 9i
A Dictionary of Architecture and Building J^ ^
A Law Dictionary ^? rj
A Dictionary of Religious Denominations ' **
A Complete Biographical Dictionary -" "^
Total *'-^ ^
Zell's Encyclopedia and Dictionary costs, bound- • "' "^
Difference in favor of Zell's Encyclopedia 820" 00
T. ELL WOOD ZELL, Publisher,
Philadelphia, New York and Chicago.
X. E. BBOOKEB, Agent, DENVER.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
GEO. F. WANLESS,
Fire and Life |
DENVER, COLORADO.
Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Co., of Hartford, Conn.
Assets, $35,000,000. Purely Mutual.
Pacific Insurance Company, - of San Francisco, Cal.
Gold Assets, $1,800,000. Individual Liability of Stockholders.
Also, General Agent for the celebrated
OF
^ Wk
MANUFACTUKEKS AND IMPORTERS OF
Guns, Pistols, Field Glasses, Sportsmen's Goods, Breech and Muzzle Loading Sliot
Guns and Rifles, Fishing Tackle, Cutlery and Sporting Goods of latest
patterns, Amunition, etc., wholesale and retail. Manufacturers of
Shot Guns and Rifles of all kinds. Ropairing done.
All work and goods warranted.
BLAKE STREET, DENVER, COLORADO.
TII[|IOi)IIIW[ST[RII MUTUAL LiFEINSURANGE CO.
OF MILWAUKEE, WIS.,
Pre.sents many Inducements to your notice, among whicli are the following:
First— Its rapidly increasing assets, without stock or borrowed lie^JDning, are now $9,0iMj OijO.
Second— It is a Purely Mutual Company. Each member is a Full partner in thb whole business.
with his liability limited to premiums paid
Third —It tias the firm foundation of thirteen years' Buccessful growth, and is justly termed the
"Model" Life Insurance Company of the continent.
J<\>urth—lt furnishes insurance at its exact cost. AU over-payments or surplus are returned to its
members.
Fifth— Eyery policy is non-fobfeiting. Even for lapsed policies a just surrender value is paid at
anytime. «- *- j
AiX/i — It has issued 60,000 policies.
Seventh— ItH premiums are as low as safety will permit.
Eighth— It has recently adopted the hiosest reserve known to American life insdrance.
iVin(/i— Its DIVIDENDS have averaged larger than those of other companies.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
DENVER COMMISSION HOUSE.
ROGERS, BRADLEY & CO,
FOR THE SALE OF ALL KINDS OF MERCHANDISE,
Wool and Hides bought on commission a specialty.
Sole Agents for the Territory for the sale of the
**NEW YORKER"
SKI.F-BAKING Reaper and Self-Raking Reaper and .AIowek.
PhICAGO f?.EFERENCES, BY f ERMISSION
W. A, Hitters k Co.
Geo. S. Bowen, Ksq., of Bowen, Hunt & Winslow.
Rhodes k Bradlet.
C. O. Ten Bboeke, Esq., Sec'y Coan k Ten Broeke
C.irriage Manufucturiog Co.
II. K. Elkins, Esq.
B. B. BOTSFORD, Esq., of J. K. Botsfor.l A Sons.
D. T. Hale, Esq., of A. L. Hale k Bro.
1/ *'^' i?^^ ^- Ketnoids, of Reynolds, Brown A Co.
1 . C. Matnard, Esq , Vice-Pres. Naf 1 Bank Conrce.
Liberal Advances made on Consignments.
Chicago-Colorado Colony Advertisements.
I G. GILLETTE,
Agricultural Implements.
A full stock of Domestic and Builders' Hardware
and Agricultural Implements at Chicago prices.
Residents of Boulder county can get their Stoves,
Nails, Tools, Cutlery, Plows, Reapers and Mowers,
Iron. Steel, Sheet Iron, Copper and Brass at home
«t leis prices than they have been paying in Denver.
A first-class tin shop is connected with the estab-
li linient.
line of the first parties to open business in the
rhiciigo-Colorado Colony, I will not be undersold
h\ uiry man, East or West.
TERRY & BLISS,
IiWMBEMMMM
Chicago-Colorado Colony,
Have constantly on liaml tlie largest as-
sortment of native and Kastern sea.soned
lumber, of all kinds, kept in Colorado;
al^o, dressed flooring, siding, sasli, doors
and blinds, together with all kinds of
building materials usually found in a
well furnished lumber yard.
All kinds of country produce t-aken in
exchange.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
BUCKLIN & CLARK,
m
1
ii®:I'
IsTO. 36S I_.^ie;I3N.d:EI^ STI^EET,
DENVER, COLORADO.
Our aim is to keep a choice stock of
Such as the retail trade of the country demands, and guarantee satisfac-
tion to all who may favor us with tlieir patronage.
^®=" GOODS DELIVERED FREE TO ANY PART OF THE CITY.-=^i
We ask from all an examination of our stock.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
A. W(EBER & CO.
i. i ^m. ^m. li i i. .^- .t >- "*■ ^ * ^ -^ ^ ■♦■ i i ^
AND
REPOSITORY.
Mountain Buggies and Buggies of yarious styles, with or witli-
out brakes and side springs.
Of different styles, Spring- "Wagons, Buckboards, Hacks, Omni-
buses, and all kinds of Light and Heavy Team "Wagons.
CARRIAGE AND WAGON MATERIAL,
Of all kinds, always on hand to supply the trade.
Being connected with a large establishment in the States, and slilppins; our
stock in large quantities, we can furnish or sell cheaper than one can buy Kast
and pay tlie freight.
Repairing done to order, and all Avork warranted.
A. WCEBER & CO.
Ferry St.f near Zar inter,
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
S. A. GRANT & CO.
Dealers in all hinds of
Paper, Envelopes and Card Board
FOR,
PRINTERS AND STATIONERS.
A Large Stock constantly on hand at Low Prices.
Samples Sent Free of Charge.
iii iemrlBer ifreei, Bllffl^E» 0#li.
TNO, A. LENNON. JNO. B. LENNON.
JOM A. LENNON d; SON,
Merchant Tailors
344
mm.mw
AM) COLORADO GAZETTEER.
A. W. SMITH
I.OUIS DOLL.
SMITH & DOLL,
it Blab SM. Bnir. Colo.
Wholesale and Ketail Dealers ix
FINE FURNITURE
BEDDING, MATTRESSES,
SPRING BEDS, UPHOLSTERED GOODS
AND ALL KINDS OF
Parlor, Chamber, Dining-Room, Kitchen
and OfBLce Fnrnitnre.
Otn MOTTO IS "THE BEST GOODS AT THE LOWEST PniCES."
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DANIELS & ECKHART,
357 & 359
Larimer Street, Denuer, Col.,
WHOLESALE & RETAIL
DRYGOOlUCARPm
Retail Department, No. 359.
WE HAVE THE MOST COMPLETE STOCK OF
FASHIONABLE DRY GOODS and NOTIONS
Evei* offered in the West, an I we guarantee
OUR PRICES THE VERY LOWEST,
AND
OUR GOODS THE VERY BEST.
We have constantly on hand aOO to 300 pieces of "U^OOL and BRL'SSELS
CARPETS, to which we invite your attention.
Wholesale Department, No. 357.
We have a Stock of $75^000, which we offer to Colorado
Merchants at prices which make it an object for them to pur-
chase their goods in Denver.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
K. G. SARGEST.
J. J. TRIJIBI.K.
SARGENT & TRIMBLE,
OWilSilil HililAl
AND
Wholesale Dealers in Stales and Colorado Flonr, Feed and Produce,
J^EWS BLOCK,
Z. M. CAMP, Proprietor.
Roasts peanuts and coffee better than by any other process. Gives them a kich, stteet tlavor,
entirely unlike the raw or burst article you get elsewhere.
I also keep the best Cigars, Fruit, Confectionery, etc., in the city.
Remember the place.
Bed Front, Larimer St., near F, II^IC^3i&,
MRS. MARY STEVENSON,
DEALER IN
t^tf S'«H St'^®^^^f *^ Pip^#
stationery and Fancy Goods,
Larimer St., bet- F and Gr,
DENVER, - - - COLORADO.
L. D. RIETHMANN ifc CO.
RETAIL DEALERS IN
GROCERIES, PAiC! GOODS, LIQUORS AND PRODUCE
Tol>acoo and. Clsars,
200 F Street, Second Door from Larimer,
osxrvsR, - - - - cox-oRAOO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
J. P. FINK, CONRAD PRICK,
St. Joseph, Mo. Denver, Col.
JOHN P. FINK i CO.,
Wholesale and Retail Dealers
Boots and Shoes
LEATHER FINDINGS,
AND ALL KINDS OP
Special attention given to the Manufacture of
QeNTS' pINE J)rESS goOTS.
370 Larimer Street, Denver,
Main Street, Central City.
yochargefor repairing WhecIorA Wilson ScwingMachines. 209 G. St., Dcnvor.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
289
OWpS OF QDAI[TZ MILLS
ATill find it to their advantage to consult
Insurance Agents,
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
RAE W. gas fitter, bds. Washington
House
Railroad House, Mrs. J. C. Graham,
prop. G, bet. Wazee and Wynkoop
Rath Chas. butcher, 194 F, bds. German
House
Rath J. butcher, 194 F, bds. Pennsylva-
nia House
Rawlins S. Mrs. boarding house, Holla-
day, bet. F and G
Randall Chas. F. plumber and gas fitter,
F, bet. HoUaday and Larimer
Randall Aug. r. Arapahoe, bet. G and H
Randall L. AV. machinist, K. P. Junction
Raup Eli, machinist, Hallack's planing
mill
Raiiaos Antonio, musician, bds. American
House
Ramsdale J. brickmaker, bds. Bell House
Rankins Chas. bricklayer, bds. Missouri
House
RanshofiF L. with Chas. Ballin, 352 Lari-
mer
Randolph Mary Mrs. (col'd), boarding
housekeeper, Lawrence, bet. F and G
Randolph Wm. (col'd), barber, r. cor. E
and California
Rabe Fred, brewer, r. cor. Eighth and
Ferry
Ralph Robt. wood yard. Highland, nr.
F St. bridge
Randall 0. P. clerk, with Major W. A.
Elderkin, C. S., U. S. A.
Reid W. Earl, musician, leader City
Band, bds. Larimer, nr. Front, West
Denver
Reid P. J. publisher Bulletin, bds.
Broadwell House
Reinhart C. lab. bds. cor. H and Blake
Reinhart Wm. lab. bds. Ferry, bet. Sixth
and Seventh
Reichard & Winne, general insurance
agts. Roper's blk. opp. Broadwell
House
Reichard A. L. (Reichard & Winne),
general insurance agt. 203 G
Reitze H. painter, cor. H and Arapahoe
Reducinda L Mrs. bds. Mexican House,
cor. Third and Ferry
Reventlow L. r. Third, bet. Front and
Cherry
Rey E. Mrs. r. Fifth, bet. Ferry and
Cherry
THE
Is the leading Life Agenoy west of
the Missouri.
BiLsiness in Colorado exceeds that of all othirr
companies combined.
DS. S. S. WALLIHAH, General Agent, Denvo:.
Reed Wm. with H. L. Pitzer, bds. Lari-
mer, nr. Front, West Denver
Reed H. lumber merchant, r. Champa,
bet. F and G
Rees L. L. carpenter, K. P. Junction
Reynolds F. waiter, People's restaurant
Reynolds John (col'd), hostler
Rein Henry, bds. 64 Blake
Ready W, (col'd), saloonkeeper, G, bet.
Blake and HoUaday
Reitliniaun J. J. & Co. druggists, cor. F
and Larimer
Reithmann J. J. (J. J. Reithmann & Co.),
druggist, cor. F and Larimer, r. cor. I
and Lawrence
Reithmann L. D. grocer, 200 F
Reiilrard F. musician, bds. Colorado
House
Reddinger Fred, waiter, Pennsylvania
House
Register in Bankruptcy, S. E. Browne,
383 Larimer
Rhodes H. M. insurance agt. bds. Ferry,
bet. Sixth and Seventh
Rhodes AV. W. special policeman, r. San
Luis, bet. Seventh and Eighth
Rich T. seaman r. Blake, bet. K and L
Richmond H. J. actor, Denver Theatre,
cor. G and Lawrence
Richie J. carpenter, bds. Wazee, bet. II
and I
Richie J. W. carpenter, bds. Lawrence,
bet. E and F
Richie J. S. prop. French restaurant,
cor. F and HoUaday
Rickabaugh L. bds. Blake, bet. H and I
Riley , lab. bds. Rocky Mountain
House
Richards J. W. (J. W. Richards & Co.).
prop. Denver Transfer Co. 41 lilake
Ricliards J. W. & Co. Denver Transfer
Co. 41 Blake
Richards N. P. freighter, r. Curtis, bet.
land K
Richards A. freighter, bds. Curtis, bet.
I and K
Richardson James (col'd), laborer, r.
Champa, bet. G and H
Richardson C. H. (col'd), teacher, col d
school . , T.1 1
Richardson W. cracker mnfr. 44 Blake
Richardson S. terra cotta foundry, cor.
N and Arapahoe
290
DENVER DIRECTORY.
THE yETNA FIRE INSURANCE COMPAKY
4®=" Assets, nearly six million dollars."3;a
Losses paid, $27,000,000 in 61 years.
NEEDS NO COMMENDATION.
Crater & Cobb, Agents, Holladay Street,
0pp. Mint, Denver, Col.
Richardson Laura (col'd), laundress, cor.
D and Lawrence
Rinier Victor, carpenter, bds. Washing-
ton House
Ripley Ed. machinist, Hallack's planing
mill
Rider John, driver. Transfer Co. bds.
Broadwell House
Rith George, baker, Front, bet. Fourth
and Larimer
Ringold , carpenter, bds. Front, bet.
Third and Fourth
Richart R. musician, rooms, cor. K and
Blake
Rines H. Miss, rooms, cor. H and Holla-
day
Rivers Mary Mrs. school teacher, r. cor.
I and Glenarm
Rounds F. A. clerk, 27 Blake
Rounds R. stone cutter, r. cor. 0 and
Lawrence
Ross G. A. laborer, bds. Depot House
Ross J. W. deputy county clerk, bds.
Larimer, bet. G and 11
Rovve T. J. r. Fourth, bet. Cherry and
Ferry
Rowe Ed. r. G, bet. Wazee and Wynkoop
Rocky Mountain House, Wazee, nr. D.
P. depot
Rocliy Mountain Herald, 0. J. Gold-
rick, prop. Office, Clayton's blk.
Rocky Mountain Directory, S. S. Wal-
lihan & Co. publishers and props.
Office, Clayton's bldg.
Rocky Mountain News, W. N. Byers,
prop. News blk. Larimer, nr. G
Rock Kate Miss, domestic, with I. P.
Van AVormer
Roberts G. porter, J. S. Brown & Bro.
49 Blake
Roberts & James (C. A. Roberts and
Robert James), hardware dealers, 54
Blake
Roberts C. A. (Roberts & James), hard-
ware dealer, 54 Blake
Roberts Wm. cattle dealer, r. Ferry, bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Roberts W. A. with James Tynon, cor. F
and Wazee
Roberts G. C. with W. B. Daniels & Co.
157 F, r. Curtis, bet. C and D
:Roberts Fred, teamster, bds. Champa,
■bet. I and K
Roberts A. fruit dealer, bds. Pennsylva-
nia House
Romaine R. accountant, K. P. Ry. office
Rose S. (Goldman, Rose & Co.) r. CO
Blake
Rogers D. N. carpenter, rooms, 341
Larimer
Rogers Geo. plasterer, bds. California
House
Rogers B. W. (Rogers & Smedley), dent-
ist, office, Larimer, bet. F and G, bds.
American House
Rollers & Smedley, surgeon dentists,
office, 370 Larimer
Rogers M. A. (France & Rogers), alt'y
at law, office, Larimer, bet. F aud G,
r. Champa, bet. L and M
Rogers Ellen Mrs. dressmaker, cor. H
and Larimer
Rogers, Bradley & Co. (Isaac N. Rogers
and Robert Bradley), commission mer-
chants
Roger Haven, brewer, with John Good
Rohlfing Fred. L. grocer, 187 F
Robinson F. A. with Baker & Co. r.
cor. II and California
Robinson Ellen J. Miss, school teacher,
cor. K and Arapahoe
Robinson Frank, deputy collector inter-
nal revenue, bds. Larimer, bet. G & H
Robinson W. D. (Robinson & Corliett),
painter, 211 G, r. Champa, bet. H & I
Robinson Charles, cook, r. cor. E and
California
Robinson & Corbett (W. D. Robinson
and W. F. Corbett), painters, glaziers
and paperhangcrs, 21 1 G, Roper's blk.
Robbin Geo. laborer, bds. Depot House
Uoundtree Isaac (col'd), tailor, r. alley,
bet. G and H, and Larimer & Holladay
Rook D. C. carpenter, Lawrence, bet. K
and F I
Rothschild C. S. stock dealer, rooms, cor.
F and Larimer
Roper'.s Block, cor. G and Larimer
Roper Geo. mason, r. Lawrence, bet. M
and N
Roche J. San Luis, bet. Sixth and Sev-
enth
Rood M. L. gunsmith, 141 F, r. Arapa-
hoe, bet. G and 11
Roth Chas. watchmaker, 155 F
Roath R. W. watchmaker, 348 Larimer
Roath T. W. watchmaker, 348 Larimer
Rozier J. (col'd), cook, bds. cor. II and
Glenarm
Roncho J. printer. News office, bds. Mrs.
Tuttle's
Rollins John A. attorney at law, office.
News blk.
Ruffner Geo. teamster, bds. Carr House
Ruffner J. C. prop. Denver House, 165 F
The Largest Sewiug Machine Depot in Colorado, at 209 G Street, Denver.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
291
TJEIE
EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY
Insured 12.000,000 more in 1869 than any other
life insurauce company in the world.
REICHARD & WINNE, General Agents,
DEyVER, COLORADO.
Ruble Geo. (Lobenstein & Co.), r. Lari-
mer, bet. I and K
Rubltt G. W. hide and fur dealer, r. Lar-
imer, bet. K and L
Rudolph H. baker, Holladay, bet, E & F
Ruter Chas. speculator, r. head of 0
Ruter J. dairyman, r. head of 0
Ruter G. A. r. head of Glenarm, nr. 0
Ruth John, bds. Front, bet. Larimer and
Fourth
Russell Frank, farmer, bds. Tremont
House
Russell Ed. lab. r. C, nr. Capitol av.
Russell E. F. job printer, r. cor. San
Luis and Eighth
Rumpf Leopoldine Miss, teacher, r. cor.
L and Arapahoe
Rubicam , machinist, bds. Curtis,
bet. K and L
Ryan Daniel, shoemaker, Blake, bet. F
and G
Ryan William, r. Fourth, bet. Front and
Cherry
R\'an Annie, domestic, with A. S. Hughes
Ryan James, bds. Pennsylvania House
SANDERSON J. miner, bds. Tremont
House
Sanderson J. L. (Barlow, Sanderson &
Co.), prop. S. 0. Mail and Ex. Co.
office, G, nr. Blake
Sanderson Samuel, lab. bds. foot of H
Sargent Wm. M. hotel keeper, bds. Tre-
mont House
Sargent Nelson, real estate dealer, r.
Broadway, nr. head of I
Sargent & Trimble (R. G. Sargent and
J. J. Trimble), flour and feed mer-
chants, ^ews blk.
Sage AVm. blacksmith, bds. Washington
House
Sackett Seth, carpenter, r. Wazee, bet.
Hand I
Salomon Bros. (F. Z. and H. Z.), whol.
and retail grocers and liquor dealers,
cor. F and Blake
Salomon F. Z. (Salomon Bros.), r. Curtis,
bet. F and G
Salomon H. Z. (Salomon Bros.), r. cor.
F and Blake
Sampson J. bds. Broadwell House
Sanders William, hostler, with C. R.
Hartman
NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Co.
The safest, the promptest, the most liberal.
DK. S. S. WALLIHAN, Gen'l Agent,
Sanders W. B. bds. Bell House
Sanders , bricklayer, r. Capitol av.
nr. South C
Saunders Chas. baker, r. cor. K & Blake
Sanford B. N. asst. melter and refiner,
U. S. Branch Mint, r. cor. San Luis
and Sixth
Sayre Alfred, attorney at law, office,
Tappan blk. r. cor. San Luis ii Seventh
Sayer Daniel, attorney at law, office,
Clayton's blk. bds. Lawrence, bet. G
and H
Sands & Kline (A. Sands and D. Kline),
dry goods merchants, Larimer, bet. F
and G
Sands A. (Sands & Kline), Larimer, bet.
F and G
Sanderlin E. J. (col'd), barber and hair
dresser, Larimer, bet. F and G, r.
Lawrence, bet. F and G
Sanderlin A. J. barber, r. Champa, bet.
F and G
Sagendorf A. ranchero, r. Champa, be!.
M and N
Scherdler , carpenter, bds. Califor-
nia House
Scantling , bds. Smith House
Schick Martin, tailor, Blake, nr. Front
Schneider Perry, bricklayer, bds. Wash-
ington House
Schultz A. prop. Hotel Garni, F, bet.
Wazee and Wynkoop
Schultz George W. conductor. D. P. Ry.
bds Railroad House
Scott Geo. 0. foreman Tribune office, bds.
Broadwell House
Scott Samuel, with Salomon Bros. b'Js.
Metropolitan Hotel
Scott AVm. grocer, cor. H and Holladay
Schoonmaker J. painter, bds. Elephant
House
Schaafer C. (Schaafer & Hebschle),
baker, 30 Blake
Schaafer & Hebschle (C. Schaafer and
H. Hebschle), bakers, 30 Blake and
Schaafer Peter, cattle dealer, r. Blake,
bet. K and L , , ,, .
Schmalsle J. F. barkeeper, bds. Metro-
politan restaurant
Schiott C. waiter, Broadwell House
Schriber Chris, teamster, cor. r. Fourth
and Cheyenne av.
292
DENVER DIRECTORY.
OF NEW YORK.
Cash Security, Four Million Dollars. Large Lines,
Liberal Katea, Fair Adjustments.
cuA-TErt <sb cob:b, Agts.,
Ilolladay Street, opp. Mint,
DENVER, - - - COLORADO.
Schrieber G. & Co. props. City Brewery,
Highland
Schrieber C. brewer, City Brewery,
Highland
Schubring F brewer, Colorado Brewery
Schaffnit L. cabinetmaker, San Luis, bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Schroeder William, carriage and wagon-
maker, with Wocber & Co.
Schroeder Hugo, blacksmith, with Woe-
ber & Co.
Schofield M. county hospital
Scudder E. (Scudder & Crocker), grocer,
51 Blake, r. Cherry, bet. Larimer and
Sixth
Scudder & Crocker (E. Scudder and F.
B. Crocker), grocers, 61 Blake
Scherer M. carpenter, r. rear of Front,
bet Fifth and Larimer
Schearer J. stock dealer, r. cor. L and
Holladay
Schwalbe Ed. barber, Blake, bet. G
and H
Schwalbe J. barber, Blake, bet. G .and II
Schayer C. M, cigar and liquor dealer,
183 F
Schayer H. grocer, Lawrence, nr. G
Schlcier G. C. real estate agt. 192 F, r.
G, bet. Lawrence and Arapahoe
Schwartz H. with S. Brunswick, bds.
Hotel Garni
Scliueler J. baker and confectioner,
Larimer, bet. F and G
Scbnicke C. carpenter, r. Lawrence, bet.
H and I
Schirmer J. F. L. assayer, in charge of
U. S. branch mint, r. Champa, bet.
K and L
Segora D. r. Blake, bet. H and I
Sercur P. W. prop, eating house, 22
Bl.ike
Seacy P. saloonkeeper, r. Cheyenne av.
bet. Sixth and Seventh
Seymour , conductor, K. P. Ry. bds.
Holladay, bet. F and G
Sears J. P. speculator, r. Champa, bet.
H and I
Shehan David, laborer, bds. cor. F and
Wiwatta
Shehan James, laborer, bds. cor. F and
Wiwatta
Sheidig Anna Mrs. waiter, Washington
House
Shulte Theodore, stonemason, bds. Wash-
ington House
Shells, fur de.aler, 171 F
Shell A. A. engineer, r. cor. Ferry and
Tenth
Sliea Timothy, bds. Broadwell House
Shea C. C. glovemaker, rooms, Fifth, bet.
Ferry and San Luis
Shields Fred. A. actor, Denver Theatre,
cor. G and Lawrence
Shivers Thomas, rooms, Arapahoe av.
bet. Third and Fourth
Sharman J. grocer, etc. cor. Fourth and
Front
Shernin J. plasterer, r. Arapahoe, bet.
G and 11
Shackleton 0. W. (0. W. Shackleton &
Co.), miller, r. cor. Cheyenne av. and
Sixth
Shackleton & Co. 0. W. props. Mer-
chants' flouring mills
Shewning J. C. clerk, bds. Bell House
Sherman Wm. machinist, bds. Missouri
House
Shallcross A. P. (McCormic & Shall-
cross), druggist, Larimer, bet. F and
G, r. cor. H and Stout
Shoenfeld H. F. locksmith, 353 Larimer
Shoeilfold Herman, pharmaceutist, with
McCormic & Shallcross, bds. Larimer,
bet. E and F
Sheriff R. expressman, r. cor. K and
Blake
Slientt 's Office, Larimer, bet. E and F
Sheriff M. Mrs. r. Arapahoe, boi. II
and Ij
Shortridge W. T. carpenter, r. cor. M
and Larimer
Ship' on J. (col'd), bill poster, r. cor. G
and Lawrence
Shaw , stable keeper, cor. K and
Larimer
Shaw Miss, domestic, with Chas. Ruter
Shrock Thomas P. bricklayer, r. Welton,
bei. II and I
Shero .John, carpenter, K. P. Junction
Sieber C. U. guusmitli, with C. Gove
Sigi M. brewer, cor. Fifth and S:in Luis
Singer J. C. clerk, bds. Bell IIou.se
Singer Sewing Machine Agency, T. W.
WhitehouMe, agt. office, cor. F and
Lawrence
Silverthorn M. hotel keeper, r. Arapahoe,
bet. E and F
Sinionton T. II. freighter, r. Curtis, bet.
D and E
Sitterlee G. Miss, domestic, with \. J.
Gill, cor. E and Curtis
Silsbne G. M. artist, rooms, cor. G and
Champa
Silsbee J. R. artist, rooms, cor. G and
Champa '
A«aohme,.fsj;.rJ^EWING^ACF^^ 20J) G Street, Denver. Colorado.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
293
Fair Dealiui and Prompt Afljnstinent
Of all honest losses, our motto.
Represent over ($40,000,000) iirrty Mil.
lions of Capital!
REICHARD k WINNE, General Insurance Agents,
liEIVVKK, COL.
Silsbee E. B. musician, rooms, cor. G and
Champa
Simpson Amos V. carpenter, r. Larimer
bet. P and Q '
Simpson J. P. expressman, r. cor. K and
AVelton
Simmons P. A. butcher, r. Glenarm bet
F and G
Slyph , lab. bds. California House
Sloan S. C. bricklayer, bds. Cherry, bet
Fifth and Sixth
Slaughter Win. M. real estate agt. Clay-
ton's bldg. r. Curtis, bet. I and K
Slater M. H. calculation clerk, U. S.
branch mint
Slocum Ann F. Mrs. r. cor. E and Clency
Smedley W. (Rogers & Smedley), dent-
ist, bds. Hatten House
Smart M. (col'd), r. Curtis, bet. G and 11
Smart C. W. bookbinder, r. Stout, bet.
D and E
Smith Austin, furniture dealer, bds.
Smith House
Smith A. W. (Smith & Doll), furniture
dealer, rooms 27 Blake
Smith & Doll (A. W. Smith and L. Doll),
furniture dealers, 27 Blake
Smith Aug. blacksmith, Holladay, bet.
E and F
Smith Chas. teamster, r. Champa, bet.
E and F
Smith C. C. (col'd), porter, K. P. Ry. r.
Lawrence, bet. H and I
Smith D. Tom. & Co. (D. T. Smith and
Sam. A. Craig), liverymen, Holladay,
bet. F and G
Smith D. Tom. liveryman, r. cor. G and
Stout
Smith E. L. att'y at law, Clayton's blk.
Smith G. C. mason, r. cor. O and Ara-
pahoe
Smith H. F. (col'd), barber, r. Lawrence,
bet. H and I
Smith House, Fourth, nr. Front, W. T.
Allender, prop.
Smith John, farmer, bds. California
House
Smith John, laborer, r. cor D and Curtis
Smith J. W. merchant, G, bet. Wazee
and Blake
Smith J. W. Jr. with J. W. Smith
Smith James, barber, 40 Blake, r. cor. E
and Holladay
The 'KfORTHWESTEElT'
H.is become .a Household Word
IX Colorado.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DENVER, COLOIiADO.
Smith J. W. pres. Denver Woolen Mnfg.
Co. and prop. American House
Smith Joseph, waiter, Broadwell House
Smith J. B. attorney and law, 357 Lari-
mer
Smith Jennie Miss, rooms 170 Holladay
Smith Jackson, farmer, r. Curtis, bet. G
and H
Smith Levi, laborer, r. Ferry, bet. Fifth
and Sixth
Smith Nellie Miss, r. cor. K and Hollailay
Smith Philena Mrs. domestic, with 1.
Salomon
Smith Phil, freighter, r. Stout, bet. D & E
Smith Thomas, surveyor, bds. Colorado
House
Smith W. F. jailer, county jail, r. Law-
rence, bet. D and E
Smith Wilson, carpenter, r. cor. 0 and
Arapahoe
Snyder Wm. bds. Tremont House
Snyder S. 0. chief clerk, chief engineer's
office, K. P. Ry.
Snyder C. T. with Daniels & Eckhart,
o59 Larimer, bds. American House
Snyder J. H. carpenter, r. cor. I and Law-
rence
Snider C. waiter, Broadwell House
Sonneberg A. F. diningroom boy, Amer-
ican House
Somers Wm. bricklayer, bds. with
Klopfer
Sonin J. dishwasher, French restaurant
Sopris A. B, melter and refiner, U. S.
Branch Mint, r. cor. E and Sioui
Sopris S. T. business manager, Xews
office, bds. Ford's restaurant
Sollars H. teamster, r. cor. K and Cali-
fornia
Sollars J. teamster, r. cor. K and Cali-
fornia
Spriggs H. minstrel, r. foot of G
Sprague & Bro. liquor dealers, 4G Blake
Sprague L. M. (Sprague & Webb), gro-
cer and provision dealer, r. cor. E and
Curtis
Sprague & Wehb (L. M. Sprague and
0. D. F. Webb), grocers and provision
dealers, 869 Larimer
Spitz£r J. D. teamster, r. Ferry, bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Spitzer R. teamster, r. Ferry, bet. Fifth
and Sixth
294
DENVER DIRECTORY.
Iwance Co. of M America
OF PHILADELPHIA.
Oldest Company in the United States. Cash Assets,
nearly Three Million Dollars. Fire Losses paid,
824,000,000 in 76 years. Ability for future
service unimpaired.
Crater &. Cobb, Agents, Holladay Street, opp. Mint,
rufiiw-ici*.
Spitzer J. W. teamster, r. Highland
Spencer & Marchant, saddlers and har-
nessmakers, 62 Blake
Spencer L. W. (Spencer & Marchant),
harnessmaker, r. 62 Blake
Spencer John C. treasurer, Denver Thea-
tre, cor. G and Lawrence
Spencer S. H. cigar and tobacco dealer,
Larimer, bet. F and G
Spencer B. F. carpenter, r. California,
bet. M and N
Spear F. N. clerk, with S. Hexter, 166
F, bds. Denver House
Spalti F. grocer, cor. H and Blake
Spalti G. saloonkeeper, cor. H & Larimer
Speed J. H. musician, rooms Larimer,
bet. E and F
Stone C. A. clerk, bds. American House
Stewart L. Miss, chambermaid, Tremont
House
Stewart Robt. carpenter, bds. Railroad
House
Stewart Geo. lab. bds. Charter Oak House
Si e wart Wm. diningroom boy, American
House
Stewart Wm. waiter, French restaurant
Street W. A. manager, Red Barn, cor. F
and Wynkoop
Street M. J. Mrs. r. Arapahoe, bet. K
and L
Street W. E. coal dealer, Arapahoe, bet.
K and L
Stebbins Charles M. whol. grocer, etc.
Blake, nr. F
Starrette E. H.city assessor, office, Lar-
imer, bet. F and G
Stockdorf J, F. prop. Pennsylvania
House
Stein Hugo (Wortman & Stein), saloon
keeper, 16 Blake
Sleinliauer & Walbrach, druggists, 32
Blake and 381 Larimer
StoU F. laborer, r. cor. Arapahoe av. and
Fourth
Strickler J. M. (Strickler & Mahar), r.
Ferry, bet. Sixth and Seventh
Strickler & Maliar (J. M. Strickler and
C. J. Mahar), prop. Elephant Corral,
25 Blake
Steer Lizzie Miss, domestic, with W.
Richardson, 44 Blake
Strauss A. with S. Hexter, 166 F, bds.
Denver House
Stanton Fred. J. civil engineer, office,
Larimer, nr. G, r. cor. C and Stout
Stumpf L. brewer, cor. H and Blake
Stiles B. B. city mayor, office, 337 Lar-
imer, r. cor. L and Champa
St ilea M. F. attorney at law, 339 Lari-
mer, bds. Hotel Garni
Stansbury A. saloonkeeper, r. Arapahoe,
bet. F and G
Stanley G. plumber and gas fitter, bds.
Pennsylvania House
Standley Wm. laborer, r, foot of H
Stanfield Levi, commission merchant, r.
Lawrence, bet. G and H
Strong P. clerk, r. cor. H and Larimer
Strong Belle Miss, rooms, cor. H and
Hollatlay
Strickland M. (col'd), r. cor. E and Law-
rence
Steele H. D. grocer, F, bet. Larimer and
Lawrence
Stimson Anna Mrs. dressmaker and
ladies' hairdresser, Larimer, bet. F
and G
Stimson Charles, merchant, r. Larimer,
bet. F and G
Stills J. (col'd), boarding house keeper,
Lawrence, bet. F and G
Stille Georgre, cashier Nye Forwarding
Co. r. Curtis, bet. H and I
Stedinan A. physician and surgeon,
office. Roper's blk.
St. Jolin's Episcopal Church, Bishop
Randall, rector, cor. E and Arapahoe
St. Marj's Academy, California, bet.
E and F
Story M. Miss (col'd), domestic, with
J. B. Cass
Story Isam (col'd), laborer, r. cor. 0 and
Larimer
Steck A. r. Curtis, bet. G and H
Starkweather Henry L. r. cor. E and
Glenarm
Stearing W. teamster, r. cor. Ninth and
Ferry
Streble John, brewer, cor. Cheyenne av.
and Second
Sutherland S. A. expressman, r. Wazee,
bet. H and I
Sutherland Charles, engineer, K. P. Ry.
r. cor. H and Blake
Sutherland Alex, musician, cor. F and
California
Sullivan Tim. blacksmith, bds. Rocky
Mountain House
Sullivan Jerry, wood chopper, rooms,
Second, bet. Front and Cherry
Sullivan Daniel, county hospital
Sutton Ben. hostler, with J. E. Force
Sumner Ed. C. clerk, post office, r. Curtis,
bet. H and I
Sutfln J. H. dentist, office, Clayton's blk
UHEELER & WILSON Sewiug Macliine Depot, 209 G Street, Denver, Col.
DENVER DIRECTORY,
29;
REICHARD & WINNE,
GENERAL INSURANCE AGENTS
DENVER, COLORADO.
Best companies in the world represented.
Losses adjusted at our ofRce.
Surveyor City, F. M. Case, office, cor.
G and Lawrence
Surveyor County, C. A. Deane, office,
county recorder's office
Surveyor General, W. H. Lessig, office,
cor. E and Larimer
Sweeney Jane Mrs. laundress, r. Fifth,
bet. Cherry and Front
Sweeney W. H. stock dealer, r. cor. 0
and Welton
Swoyer Wm. saloonkeeper, 351 Larimer
Sykes J, W. miner, r. Lawrence, bet. S
and T
TALPEY W. merchant, bds. Tremont
House
Taylor Robert, hostler, with J. IL Green-
leaf
Taylor J. R. r. Arapahoe, bet, E and F
Taylor (col'd), domestic, with Gen.
W, J. Palmer
Taylor R. W, r. Front, bet. Third and
Fourth
Taylor J. S. police justice (West Den-
ver), office, west end Blake st. bridge
Tayler C. M. whol. grocer, Blake, nr.
G, r. Stout, bet. D. and E
Talbot Alex, saloonkeeper. 2'^ Blake
Tate Robert, contractor, etc. bas. Ameri-
can House
Taggart Chas. hostler, Bull's Head Corral
Tappan Block, cor. F and HoUaday
Tappan & Co. hardware dealers, 181 F
Tappan H. S. bookkeeper, with Tappan
&Co.
Tappan L. W. (Tappan & Co.) hardware
merchant, 181 F, r. Philadelphia
Templeton , gentleman, bds. Ameri-
can House
Templeton A. prop, feed and sale stable,
cor. San Luis and Fifth
Territorial Library, George T. Clark,
librarian, rooms, Larimer, bet. F and G
Territorial Treasurer, Geo. T. Clark,
office, Larimer, bet. F and G
Thayer H. L. publisher of Thayer's
Sectional Map of Colorado
Thompson Sank, porter, Tremont House
Thompson W. H. clerk, with D. G. Pea-
body, r. cor. F and Champa
Thompson S. V. r. cor. F and Champa
Thompson P. plasterer, r. California, bet.
N and 0
NorlliwesternMntnalLifelnsiimccCo.
Home Office, Milwaukee, Wis.
ASSETS, - - $9,000,000
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, Oen'l Ayt.
DENVER, COLORADO.
Thompson W. teamster, r. Front, bet.
Fourth and Filth
Thompson James B. territorial auditor,
office, McCool's blk. r. Lawrence, bet.
K and L
Thomas Jas. glover, Wazee, bet. F and G
Thomas T. P. boarding house keeper,
Arapahoe, bet H and I
Thomas Eliza (col'd), ironing womam,
American House
Thomas W. E. associate editor. Rocky
Mountain News, bds. American House
Thomas Fanny (col'd), domestic, with J.
Hamilton
Thrashley M. dishwasher, with Mrs.
Rawlins
Thayer H. L. surveyor and draftsman,
surveyor general's office, r. cor. E and
Arapahoe
Thilander Aug. N. tailor, 346 Larimer,
r, Champa, nr. D
Theis Fritz, musician, r. cor. F and Ara-
pahoe
Tinkle W. W. depot baggagemaster, D.
P. and K. P. Ry's.
Tinkel W. bds. Pennsylvania House
Tiestel L. cook, AVashingtou House
Tilka Mary, chambermaid, Washington
House
Tilton J. M. laborer, r. Blake, bet. II
and I
Tilton & Co. whol. liquor dealers, Blake
bet. F and G
Tilton A. K. (Tilton & Co.), whol. liquor
dealer, bds. American House
Tillman B. (col'd), dishwasher, Broad-
well House
Tisdale Charles, night clerk, Broadwell
House
Tisdale Martin, lab. r. foot of Seventh
Tiedemann J. saddler, etc. F, bet. Wazee
and Wynkoop
Tilley Jane Mrs. r. Cherry, bet. Fourth
and Fifth
Tilford Tim. bricklayer, bds. Missouri
House
Tillander A. tailor, r. foot of Champa
Timme Minnie Miss, domestic, with Chas.
Ballin
Townsend Wm, laborer, bds. Washington
House
Townsend R. B. stock dealer, bds. cor.
Cherry and Sixth
200
DENVER DIRECTORY.
CONTINENTALFIREIHSDEANCECO.
Cash Assets, nearly Three Million Dollars. Poli-
cies on the Participation Plan. Holders share in
the profits without liability. For particulars and
policies ill this sterling company, apply to
CRATEJt & COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denvei', Colorado.
Townseiul Wm. H. attorney at law and
real estate agt. office, Feuerstein's blk.
Torst Gus. laborer, r. foot of Arapaboe
Townsley Mrs. teacher, public school, r.
Welton, bet. F and G
Townsley Chas. surveyor, r. Welton, bet.
F andG
Towley James, bds. Pennsylvania House
Tompkins F. gentleman, bds. American
House
Touse G. W. section overseer, D. P. Ry.
bds. Railroad House
Tobin Wm. with Phil. Trounstine, 172 F
Trjillkle C prop. AVashington House, F,
bet. AVazee and Wynkoop
Tritcll (jJeo. hardware dealer, 139 F, r.
cor. I and Arapahoe
Trounstine Phil. prop. "0. K." cloth-
ing store, 172 F
Trimble J. J. (Sargent & Trimble), flour
and feed merchant, Neivs blk.
Tracey Cora Miss, rooms cor. H and Hol-
laday
Truax J. W. plasterer, r. foot of F
Trient , carpenter, bds. Atchison
House
Treniont House, L. McCarty, prop.
Front, bet. Third and Fourth
Treat S. W. physician and surgeon,
office, Larimer, bet. F and G
Treasurer City, A. R. Lincoln, office,
Larimer, bet. F and G
Treasurer County, A. R, Lincoln, office,
Larimer, bet. F and G
Treasurer Territorial, G. T. Clark,
office, Larimer, nr. F
Twombley G. brickmaker, r. Wazee, bet.
landK
Turner Charlotte Miss, dressmaker, cor.
I and Wynkoop
Turner Harriet, domestic, 75 Holladay
Turner Pat. bds. Elephant House
Turner Wm. stock dealer, bds. Tremont
House
Turner W. E. druggist, with W. S. Chees-
nian, r. cor. I and Curtis
Turner C. A. carpenter, K. P. Junction
Tuttle J. E. painter, cor. F and Lawrence
Tupper Chas. county hospital
Tubbs Columbus, carpenter, bds. Lari-
mer, nr. Front, West Denver
Tufts H. tinsmith, bds. Front, bet. Third
and Fourth
Tweedle Wm. carpenter, K. P. Junction
Tyler Geo. (col'd), cook, bds. Lawrence,
bet. F and G
Tynon Jas. grocer, cor. Wazee and F,
r. Wazee, nr. F
UHLHORN J. n. clerk, Nye Forward-
ing Co. bds. American House
Underwood I. fancy grocer and fruit
dealer, 196 F. r. Arapahoe, bet. M & N
U. p. R. R. Freijfht and Ticket Offlee,
J. J. T. Ball, agt. G, opp. American
House
U. S. Land Office, Tappanblk. ; C. H. Mc-
Laughlin, receiver; L. Dugal, register
Utter Joseph, foreman. News job office,
bds. Broadwell House
VAN WORMER GEORGE, waiter,
Broadwell House
Van Wormer L P. stock dealer, r. cor. I
and Lawrence
Vandcventer J. H. laundrer, Perry, bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Van Horn Fred, butcher, bds. Carr House
Van H out en S. J. Mrs. milliner, cor. F
and Lawrence
Van H out en J. T. carpenter, r. cor. G
and California
Van Duzen J. S. dry goods merchant,
cor. G and Blake
Van Duzen William, waiter. Metropolitan
restaurant
Van Endert Ed. clerk, Pennsylvania
House, and insurance agt.
Van Rankcn G. carpenter, bds. Front,
bet. Third and Fourth
Vaa Camp John, gardener, r. head of N
Van Tassell Theo. waiter, People's res-
taurant
Varnes Lizzie Miss, seamstress, 62 Blake
Vail Fannie A. domestic, with J. H.
Morrison
Velarde B. artist, r. Front, bet. Larimer
and Sixth
Veasey J. M. commercial broker, r. cor.
E and Arapahoe
Visclier C. carpenter, bds. Smith House
Vila J. clothing dealer, Blake, nr. Front
Vilas L. N. bds. Arapahoe, bet. H and I
Vincent L. laborer, r. Curtis, bet. E and F
Yincent B. T. Rev. P. E. M. E. Church,
r. Clency, bet. G and H
Vidal N. r. Champa, bet. E and F
Victory N. B. bds. Pennsylvania House
Von Aa Melchoir, laborer, bds. Califor-
nia House
Von Aa Caspar, baker, 44 Blake
Vogel A. saloonkeeper, Blake, bet. G
and H
Vosburg N. 0. r. Champa, bet. F and G
Vorhies L bds. Pennsylvania House
SEWING MACHINE THREAD, SILK and OIL, at 209 G St., Denver, Coi.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
297
LiTerpofll, anl Moi aiiS Me
IXSVRAXCE CO.
ASSETS, OVER - $18,000,000
REICHARD &. WINNE,
Agents for Colorado, DENVEIi,
W ALDER JAMES, stock dealer, bds.
Tremont House
Walker George, cook, Tremont House
Walker Jane Mrs. laundress, r. Wynkoop,
bet. 11 and I
Walker Eli, hostler, Holladay, bet. F
and G
Walker George M. hotel clerk
Walker John, cook. Railroad House
Walker John, farmer, bds. Colorado
House
Walker W. S. (W. S. Walker & Co.)
liquor dealer, 380 Larimer
Walker W. S. & Co. whol. liquor deal-
ers, 380 Larimer
Walker Amelia Miss, dressmaker, with
Mrs. E. Babcock
Walker A. W. physician and surgeon,
office, 382 Larimer, bds. Hatten House
Walker Jolin, editor Denver Tribune, r.
cor. G and Arapahoe
Walker Mollie Miss, 66 Holladay
Walk Joseph S. upholsterer, with M. C.
Maguire & Bro.
Walker W. S. & Co. (W. S. Walker and
Cyrus Eaton), whol. liquor dealers,
Larimer, bet. F and G
Wallihan S. S. gen. agt. Northwestern
Mutual- Life Insurance Co. office, Clay-
ton's bldg. r. cor. H and Lawrence
Wallihan S. S. & Co. (S. S. Wallihan
and T. 0. Bigney), publishers Rocky
Mountain Directory and Colorado Gazet-
teer, office, Clayton's bldg. cor. F and
Larimer
Wallihan Geo. P. job printer, bds. cor.
H and Lawrence
Wallihan Pierce, merchant, r. cor. H and
Lawrence
Wallihan Allie G. student, bds. cor. H
and Lawrence
Washington Honse, C. Trankle, prop.
F, bet. Wazee and AVynkoop
Washington M. (col'd), porter, American
House
Washington Maria Mrs. (col'd), nurse,
county hospital
Washington M. waiter. People's restau-
rant
Wallace Mack, laborer, bds. Rocky
Mountain House
Wallace Wm. painter, with Robinson &
Corbett
IVORTH\V'ESTERX
Mutual Life Insurance Co.
OF MILWAUKEE, WIS.
MEMBERSHIP, - OVER 35,000
EE. S. S. WALLIEAIT, Gea'l Agt., Ecctc:.
Wanless John, stock dealer, r. cor.
Sheridan and Broadway
AVatson Charles, prop. Metropolitan res-
taurant
Wagoner H. C. (col'd), barber, Blake,
bet. E and F
Wagner H. shoemaker, cor. Larimer and
Cherry
Wagner Geo. steward, California House
Wagner William, general accountant, D.
P. Ry. office
W^ard Morris E. journalist, bds. Ameri-
can House
Ward William I. P. bds. Ford House
AVard Clement, lab. bds. Colorado House
AVard C. R. r. Curtis, bet. F and G
AA^ard Susan, domestic, with J. Good
AA^albrach C. (Steinhauer & AValbrach),
druggist, 32 Blake, r. cor. G and
Arapahoe
AYalbrach A. druggist, bds. cor. G and
Arapahoe
AATarren Alex, blacksmith, Colorado Stage
Co. bds. American House
W^arren C. merchant, bds. Pennsylvania
House
AVarren AAllliam, carpenter, bds. Penn-
sylvania House
Walters C. J. Miss, actress, bds. Broad-
well House
AA^are , brewer, r. cor. Fourth and
Arapahoe av.
AValley J. J. prop, planing mill, cor
Third and Front
Washurne , ranchero, bds. Bell House
AA'ashburne G. H. telegraph repairer, bds.
Bell House
■\Vaite , bds. Larimer, bet. G and H
AA'aldron AL r. Lawrence, bet. D Hud E
AA'aldron G. B. actor, Denver Theatre,
rooms, cor. F and Larimer
Wanless G. F. fire and life insurance
agt. office, Hussey'a Bank, r. Clency,
bet. E and F
Wanless Thos. carpenter, r. Stout, nr. E
Warner Porter, San Francisco market,
F, bet. Larimer and Holladay
AVelsh L. S. tailor, bds. AVashington
House
AA'estcoat E. C. blacksmith, r. Curtis, bet.
K and L
Wells G. W. ass't cashier, First National
Bank
298
DENVER DIRECTORY.
)tmx
InBntmxct i|o.
0/ Urooklyn, New York.
Cash Assets, nearly Two Million Dollars.
For Policies in this "time-tried, fire-tested" and
well-managed cunipany, apply to
CBATES & COBB, Agents,
Ilolladay Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
Wells, Far^o & Co. express, J. H.
Jones, agt. office, cor. F and Holladay
Wells John H. carpenter, r. Larimer,
bet. Front and Cherry
Wells William, carpenter, r. cor. M and
Lawrence
Wells S. L. clerk, with Deitsch Bros. cor.
F and Larimer
Wells E. P. Rev. pastor First Presby-
terian Church, r. cor. F and Cherry
Western H. Miss, r. cor. H and Holladay
Western Union Telegraph, B. F. Wood-
ward, supt. office, F, nr. Blake
West D. N. carpenter, bds. F, bet. Law-
rence and Larimer
Weimer C. prop. City Bakery, 190 F
Weil B. whitewasher, r. Fourth, bet.
Arapahoe and Cheyenne avs.
Welty Lawrence, shoemaker, 153 F
Wessell Mrs. chambermaid, American
House
Webber Frank, elk. with Bucklin & Clark
Webber S. C. (Hallack & Webber), lum-
ber merchant, r. Stout, bet. E and F
Webb 0. D. F. (Sprague & Webb), gro-
cer, r. cor. M and Glenarm
Weinshink J. prop. California House
Webster D. G. harnessmaker
Webster A. S. chief clerk, U. S. Asses-
sor's office, bds. Broadwell House
Webster J. W. attorney at law, office.
Roper's blk. bds. Tremont House
Webster R. G. stock dealer, r. Lawrence,
bet. G and H
Welser Rosa, r. cor. K and Holladay
Weed Tillie Miss, rooms 66 Holladay
Weaver E. B. bds. cor. N and Lawrence
Weinberger , waiter, Pennsylvania
House
Welker H. wood turner, scroll sawyer,
etc. cor. H and Arapahoe, r. same
Whittemore Charles, surveyor, bds. Tre-
mont House
Whittemore B. M. contractor, bds. Tre-
mont House
Whittemore 0. A. district clerk, first
judicial district, r. cor. Arapahoe av.
and Seventh
Whitehouse T. W. sewing machine agt.
cor. F and Lawrence
White C. waiter, Tremont House
White J. B. saddler, bds. Cherry, bet.
Larimer and S'ixth
White C. E. r. Arapahoe, bet. L and M
Whitney S. E. policeman, r. Wiwatta,
bet. I and K
Whitney W. L. engineer, r. Wazee, bet.
Hand I
Whitney F. F. engineer, D. P. Ry. bds.
Wazee, bet. II and I
Wheeler Chas. laborer, bds. Carr House
Wheeler R. P. plasterer, r. Ferry, bet.
Sixth and Seventh
Wllitsitt R. E. real estate broker, 193
F, r. cor. I and Champa
Whittier 0. H. constable, r. Fourth, beit.
Arapahoe and Cheyenne avs.
Whelan Lee, bds. Curtis, bet. L and M
Williams John, laborer, bds. I, bet. Wi-
watta and Wynkoop
Williams John, brickmolder, bds. Wazee,
bet. I and K
Williams , section overseer, C. C.
R. II. bds. Railroad House
Williams II. (col'd), barber, r. Wazee,
bet. H and I
Williams A. J. r. cor. I and Wazee
Williams Lizzie Miss, r. cor. I and Holla-
day
Williams Charles L. bricklayer, r. cor.
Fourth and Arapahoe
Williams Aaron, prop. Mexican House
Williams C. L. r. cor. Cherry and Eighth
Williams Jos. (col'd), job work, r. cor.
E and Lawrence
Williams C. A. attorney at law, rooms
Arapahoe, bet. E and F
Williams Milo (col'd), porter, with W. S.
Walker & Co.
Williams Emma, waiter, Hatten House
Williams M. (col'd), laborer, r. Califor-
nia, bet. II and I
Williams Champion, bookkeeper, bds.
Champa, bet. F and G
Williams Agnes E. Mrs. r. cor. I and
California
Williani.son ('. W. Mrs. agt. Florence
sewing machine, r. Larimer, bet. G
and H
Wilson Chas. bookkeeper, Salomon Bros.
Wilson H. P. actor, bds. Broadwell House
Wilson R. S. agt. Chi. & R. I. R. R. r.
K, bet. Larimer and Arapahoe
AVilson Liziie Miss, domestic, with D.
Kline
Wilson May (col'd), laundress, Lawrence,
bet. I and K
Wilson Wm. bds. Pennsylvania House
Withers H. waiter, Carr House
Wilcox P. P. attorney at law
Wilcox C. carpenter, bds. Carr House
Wightman J. butcher, r. Blake, bet. II
and I
Wishrun Max (Goldman, Rose & Co.) r.
60 Blake
For reference respecting best Sewing Machine, call at 209 G St., Denver, Col.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
299
SEGUt[ITY INSURANCE CO.
NEW YORK.
ASSETS, OVER - - $2,000,000
KEICHARD & WINNE,
Ag^ents for Colorado, DEBfVER.
Winker J. cigar mnfr. 190 F, bds. Penn-
sylvania House
■Willielni D. 0. collector, Tribune office,
r. cor Third and Cherry
Wilhelm J. H. teacher, r. cor. Third and
Cherry
Wilder W. F. bds. Broadwell House
Witter Daniel, U. S. assessor, office,
cor. G and Larimer, r. cor. Fifth and
Larimer
Witter Hiram, real estate dealer, office,
Clayton's bldg. cor. F and Larimer, r.
Lawrence, bet. H and I
Winne Peter, general insurance agt.
office. Roper's blli. r. cor. M and Cali-
fornia
Winn Thos. laborer, bds. Curtis, nr. D
Willoughby E. A. contractor and builder,
G, bet. Larimer and Lawrence, r. Law-
rence, bet. L and M
AVight J, B. carpenter, r. cor. N and
Curtis
Wille J. H. lab. bds. California House
Wilkins Francis, with D. G. Peabody
Wolf M. porter, with Lobenstein & Co.
WolflF J. & Co. butchers, 58 Blake
Wolfe Hall, young ladies' seminary, cor.
H and Champa
Wolford Wm. carpenter, r. foot of Fifth
Wormington Henry, butcher, r. Wazee,
bet. H and I
Woodward B. F. supt. Western Union
Telegraph Company, r. Curtis, bet. E
and F
Woodward 0. H. saloon, 343 Larimer, r.
Champa, bet. D and E
Wortmann & Steer, saloonkeepers, 16
Blake
Wortmann H. (Wortmann & Steer),
saloonkeeper, 16 Blake
Wortmann E. prop, bakery, cor. Fourth
and Cherry
Wood Geo. M. bds. People's restaurant
Wood W. H. lather, bds. Bell House
Wood S. M. teller, Colorado National
Bank, r. Champa, bet. E and F
Woods Peter, surveyor, bds. Colorado
House
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE
INSURANCE CO.
«S-A PVR ELY MVTVAL CO^ill'AXY.
Dr. S. S. Wallihan, Gen'l Agt., Denver.
Wood W. F. cattle dealer, r. Welt on, Let.
L and M
Woohvortli, Moffat & Clarke, (C. C.
Woolworth, D. H. Motfat, Jr. and C. J.
Clarke), booksellers and stationers,
Post Office bldg. Larimer
Woodbury Roger W. editor Denver Tri-
bune, r. cor. F and AVelton
Woodbury & Wallier (R. W. Woodbury
and John AValker), props. Denver Tri'
bune, F, below Blake
Woodworth J. B. architect, bds. Broad-
well House
Wffiber A. & Co. carriagemakers, Ferry,
bet. Fourth and Fifth
Wceber Amos, carriage blacksmith, with
Woeber & Co.
Wright Jos. bds. Pennsylvania House
Wright A. C. (Wright & Sigler), stock
dealer and liveryman, r. cor. D and
Arapahoe
Wright & Sigler (A. C. Wright and G.
W. Sigler), liverymen, HoUaday, bet.
Gand H
Wright James, laborer, K. P. Ry. depot
Wright John, well digger, bds. cor. H
and Blake
Wray H. G. jeweler, r. Colfax av. nr. F
Wunder Wm. carriage painter, with
Woeber & Co. bds. Bell House
Wyant A. F. carpenter, r. Arapahoe, bet.
0 and P
YOUNG C. H. printer, bds. Washing-
ton House
Young James, blacksmith, r. Wiwatta,
bet. F and G
Young Wm. miner, bds. Colorado House
Young James H.
ZANG Phil, brewer, cor. Second and
Cheyenne av.
Zern Wm. carpenter, r. Lawrence, bet.
E and F
Zion Baptist Church (col'd). Rev. T. L.
Johnson, pastor, cor. L and Arapahoe
Zolinger B. Mrs. dressmaker, cor. K and
Blake
300
DENVER DIRECTORY.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
ACTORS.
Browne L. M. Denver Theatre
Gross W. J. Denver Theatre
Griffith J. N. Denver Theatre
Hardie J. M. Denver Theatre
Holland T. S. Denver Theatre
Lan^rishe J. S. manager Denver The-
atre
Langdon T. J. Denver Theatre
Martin J. McVay, Denver Theatre
Mortimer B. S. Denver Theatre
Richmond H. J. Denver Theatre
Shields Fred. A. Denver Theatre
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEM'NTS
Cornforth Birks, 146 F
Harper & Housman, 170 F
Lee & McMnllin, Wazee, bet. F and G
Malony John, F, bet. AVazee and Wyn-
koop
Myers WiUlam, 121 and 123 F
Roberts & James, 54 Blake
Tappail & Co. Tappan blk. F street
Tritch George, 137 F, cor. Wazee
AMUSEMENTS.
(Places of).
Denver Theatre, J. S. Langrishe, prop.
cor. G and Lawrence
People's Theatre, Larimer, bet. E and F
Sigi's Hall, cor. Larimer and San Luis,
AVest Denver
Turner's Hall, Cole's blk. Larimer
APOTHECARIES.
(See also Druggiats.)
Clieesman W. S. 38 Blake
McCormic & Shallcross, 371 Larimer
Rietlimaiin J. J. & Co. cor. F and
Larimer
Steiiiliaucr & Walbrach, 32 Blake and
381 Larimer
ARCHITECTS.
Ashard J. B. & Co. cor. G and Holladay
Liiebbers Henry A. 143 F, bet. Blake
and Wazee
Owen T. M. office, G, bet. Larimer and
Lawrence
ARTISTS' MATERIALS.
Grant S. A. & Co. 383 Larimer
MeCune Alvin, 142 F
Kiethmann J. J. & Co. cor. F and
Larimer
^V(M)lwortli, Jloffiit & Clarke, 377
Larimer
ARTISTS.
(See also Photographers.)
Chamberlain W. CV. cor. F and Larimer
Danielson F. M. cor. G and Larimer
Dnhem & Brother, 377 Larimer
Stobie C. S. scenic artist, Denver Theatre
ATTORNEYS AT LATV.
Belden k Powers, ofTice, Clayton's blk.
Benedict M. nffice, 337 Larimer
Bennett H. P. Feuerstein's blk.
Bond H. G. office, over Hussey's Bank
I'ostwick John F. office, 304 Larimer
Browne, HarrLson & Putnam, office,
383 Larimer
Charles & Elbert, office, 837 Larimer
Crater David Vf, office, Tappan's blk.
Eyster C. S. office, Larimer, bet. F and G
France Sc Rogers, office, 389 Larimer
Horner J. IV. office, 308 Larimer
Horr M. L. office, 394 Larimer
Hubbard H. W. office, 337 Larimer
Hughes B. M. office, 308 Larimer
Hunt H. 11. office, 394 Larimer
Kingsley W. C. office, Clayton's bldg.
Mechling John, office, Clayton's bldg.
Miller & Markham, office. Roper's blk.
Raymond W. office, Tappan's blk.
Rollins J. A. News blk.
Sayer Daniel, office, Clayton's bldg.
Sayre Alfred, office, Tappan's blk.
Slaughter Wm.M. office, Clayton's bldg.
8tile.S B. B. office, 337 Larimer
Townsend AV. H. office, Feuerstein's blk.
Webster J. W. office, 394 Larimer
Witter Daniel, office Feuerstein's blk.
AUCTIONEERS.
Clark H. C. with Strickler & Mahar
Clifton Fred. A. (live stock), Clayton's
bldg.
WHEELER & WILSON HIGHEST PREMIUM SEWING MACHINE.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
301
Q
ilmik Mtt Mnsmmct io. NORTHWESTERN
I
NEW ■^ORTi.
Assets, over _ - _ $600,000
REICHARD &. WINNE, Agents,
DENVER, - - - COLORADO.
Roarers, Bradloy & Co. Holladay, bet.
F and G
Strickler & Maliar, 25 Blake
Wilson Robert S.
BAKERIES.
Boston Cracker Manufactory, W. Rich-
ardson, prop. Blake, nr. F
Colorado Bakery, Koch & Bro. props.
Holladay, bet. E and F
Eckert A. Front, bet. Fourth and Larimer
Schaeflfer & Hibschle, 30 Blake and 190 F
Wortmann E. Fourth, cor. Cherry
BANDS.
City Band (G. A. R.), W. Earl Reid,
leader, G. A. R. hall, Blake
BANKS.
Colorado National, Wm. B. Berger,
cashier, cor. F and Holladay
First National Bank of Denver, D. H.
Moffat, Jr. cashier, cor F and Blnke
Hussey W^arren, cor. F and Holladay,
F. Palmer, manager
BANKERS.
Brol^Tl Geo. W. otTice, Larimer, bet. E
and F
Berger Wm. B. cashier Colorado Na-
tional Bank
CliaiTee J. B. president First National
Bank
Hussey Warren, cor. F and Holladay
Kountze Clias. B. Colorado National
Bank
Moffat D. H. Jr. cashier First National
Bank
Palmer Frank, cor. F and Holladay
BARBERS.
Allison & Dorothy, G. and Blake
Fey J. 40 Blake
Harding & Green, 367 Larimer
John Hugo, 151 F, bet. Blake and Wa-
zee
Loud M. 29 Blake
Sanderlin E. J. 374 Larimer
Schwalbe E. Blake near G
Smith & Christman, 162 F
Toebel Oliver, Blake near Front
Wagoner H. 0. 22 Blake
Mutual Life Insurance Co.
IlVSTJItES oaV ALti JPLAIS'S.
J>li. 8. S. WALZIHAy, Gen'l Ayt.
DENVER, COLORADO.
BEDS AND BEDDING.
Maguire M. C. & Brother, 185 F
Smith & Doll, Blake near F.
BELL HANGERS.
Michael H. W. & Co. 372 Larimer
Schoenfeld H. F. & Son, 353 Larimer
Schram & Livingston, 351 Larimer
BILL POSTERS.
Duke Charles, Netvs Ofhce
Hoag George G. ofiRce, Missouri House
Shipton J. (col'd) cor. G and Lawrence
BILLIARD SALOONS.
Brown & Reddy, (col'd) G, bet. Blake
aiid Holladay
Edwards S. R. Broadwell House
Feuerstein Henry, 373 Larimer
^lurat & Greer, 369 Larimer
North Charles, American House
Potter Charles, Blake near G
Stewart Henry, 29 Blake
BLACKSMITHS.
Connell E. Holladay, bet. G and H
Crowley John, 4th, bet. Cherry and
Ferry
Grigs & Dimmer, cor. F and AVynkoop
Kinsey & Ellis, cor. Wazee and F
Lare & Bradburn, 151 F, bet. Wazee
and Wynkoop
Langan James, Holladay, bet. E and F
Maxey John J. 153 F, cor. Wnzi-e and
Wynkoop
Mosser P. Holladay, bet. F. & G.
Post E. J. & Co. 145 F, bet. Wazee and
Wynkoop
Pomeroy Thos. cor. 4th and Cherry
Simmons P. A. cor. F and Wynkoop
Smith August, Holladay, bet. E and F
Westcoat E. C. Larimer, bet. Front and
Cherry
BLACKSMITHS' TOOLS.
Michael H. W. & Co. Larimer near F
Roberts & James, 54 Blake
Tappan & Co. Tappan's blk. F
Westlake & Button, 1213 N. Main,
St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
302
DENVER DIRECTORY.
MAHHATTiN FIRE INSURANCE CO.
OF NEW YORK.
CasJi As.^ets,nearty One and a Half Million Dollars.
For perfect indemnity afrainet loss, apply for poli-
cies in this veteran company.
CRATER & COBB, Agents,
IloUaday Street, opposite Mint, DcnTer. Colorado.
BOARDING HOUSES.
Banning's, Curtis, near L
Bennett W. H. Front, bet. Sd and 4tli
Bennett John, Larimer, bet. Front and
Ohcrrv
Bush E. M. Mrs. Lawrence, bet. F and G
Boyce Nettie Miss, Lawrence, bet. G
and H , ^ , -j
Cobb P. R. west end Larimer st. bridge
Cook Fred. Blake, near Front (West
Denver)
Denver City Dining Rooms, G. T.
Breed, prop., Larimer, bet. G and H
Elephant House, Mary E. Bliss, prop.
foot of Blake
Hatten House, R- L. Hatten, prop.
Lawrence, bet. G and H
Lowery John, foot of Holladay, near E
Melvin House, W. M. Dupree & Co.
props. Holladay, bet. F & G
McNamer Allen, 4th, bet. Cherry and
Ferry
Randolph Mary, (col'd) Holladay, bet.
F and G
Rollins Mrs. S. Holladay, bet. F and G
Stills Jas. C. (col'd) Lawrence, bet. F & G
BOOKSELLERS.
Grant S. A. & Co. 383 Larimer
Kassler G. W. & Co. cor. F and Holla-
day
Woolwortli, Moffat & Clarke, 377
Larimer
BREWERIES.
City Brewery, Chas. Schriber, prop.
Highland
Colorado Brewery, M. Sigi, prop. cor.
San Louis and Larimer
Davidson Alex. "Wazee, cor. H
Denver Ale Brewing Co. Ferry, bet.
Fourth and Larimer
Parkliurst Lyman, cor. H and Larimer
Rocky Mountain
BRIBGE AND TRUSS BOLTS.
Westlake & Button, office, 213 N. Main,
St. Lous, Mo. (see advt.)
BOOT AND SHOE DEALERS.
Barth & Bro. 169 F
Burton H. Boston Shoe Store, 392 Lar-
imer
Fink John P & Co. 370 Larimer
Heywood D. H. & Co. 159 F
Johnson Charles, 167 F
BOOTS AND SHOES.
(Manufacturers of.)
Cook John, Blake, near Front
Fink John P. & Co. 370 Larimer
GiUis & O'Brien, Larimer, opp. broad-
well House
Hasselbarger John, F, bet. Wazee and
Wynkoop
Hodges J. H. cor. Blake and Front
Linton Thos. Blake, bet. G and H
Monk Sam'l, 191 F
Ryan Daniel, 63 Blake
"Welty Lawrence, 153 F
BRICK HOISTS.
Westlake & Button, 1213 N. Main st.,
St. Louis, Mo. (see adv't.)
BROKERS.
(Money.)
Brown H. C. Larimer, near Front, (West
Denver)
Gill & Cass, Holladay, near F
BROKERS.
(Rful Estate.)
Brown H. C. Larimer, near front
Clough John & Co. 356 Larimer
Gill & Cass, Holladay, near F
Mathews & Reser, 383 Larmer
Schleier Geo. C. 192 F|
Slansrhter Wm. M. Clayton's bldg.
Townsend W. H. Tappan's blk.
^Vhitsitt R. E. 193 F
AVitter Daniel, Feuerstein a blk.
BROOM-MAKERS' MACHINES.
Westlake & Button, 1213 N. Main,
St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
BUILDERS.
Ashard J. B. & Co. cor. G and Holladay
Billings Geo. N. cor. G and Curtis
Hallack E. F. Holladay, bet. H and I
McPhee C. D. Larimer, nr. H
Moncrief J. Holladay, bet. G and H
Nyce George, L, bet. Larimer and Law-
rence
Wanless Thos. Jr. Stout, nr. E
Willoughby E. A. G, bet. Larimer and
Lawrence
BUILDERS' SUPPLIES.
Harper & Housman, 170 F
Michael H. W. & Co. 372 Larimer
Roberts & James, 54 Blake
Tanpan & Co. Tappan's blk. F
Tritch Geo. 137 F
A.Farrar&Co.,Agts.WheelerAWilsoD Sewing MaGhines,forColorado,W.YOining(ScN.Meiico.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
303
INSURANCE
Of any kind to place, will conserve their
interests by consulting
BEICHARI) & WINNE, General Agents,
DENVER, COLORADO.
Weatlake & Button,, 1213 N. Main,
St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
BUILDING AND LOAN ASSO-
CIATION.
Colorado — Gus. Opitz, secretary, office,
148 F
Denver — Gus. Opitz, secretary, office,
143 F
Mutual of DenTer— S. J. Anthony, sec-
retary, office, Co. Recorder's office
BUTCHERS.
Arndt Geo. G. cor. Front and Fourth
Block , cor. H and Arapahoe
Bowman G. J. cor. of Arapahoe and H
Doubikin G. F. bet. Wazee and Wynkoop
Goary R. H. F, bet. Larimer and Law-
rence
Greenfield E. & Son, 66 Blake
Iloffer Bros. cor. F and Larimer
Kettle Ed. 189 F
Murphy Henry, cor. Larimer and Cherry
Rath Chas. & Bro. 192 F
Sigle & Bauer, 149 F
Wightman John, Blake, bet. H and I
Wolf John & Co. 58 Blake
CARPET DEALERS.
Daniels & Eckhart, 357 and 359 Lari-
mer
Deitscll & Brother, cor. F and Larimer
Doolittle J. K. 350 Larimer
Martin & Nuckolls, Larimer, nr. E
Natliau S. 354 Larimer
CARRIAGES.
(Child's.)
Douglas J. W. 379 Larimer
Early J. R. & Co. 358 Larimer
Greenleaf L. ?f. & Co. 376 Larimer
CARRIAGES.
(Importers of.)
Esterbrook, J. H. Holladay, nr. G
PeabodyD. G. 163 F
"Woeber A. & Co. Ferry, bet. Fourth
and Larimer
CARRIAGE TRIMMERS.
Ticdemann Jacob, 149 F
Woeber A. & Co. Ferry, bet. Fourth
and Larimer
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL
C;OMJ?A.IVY.
ALL POLICIES NON-FORFEITINC.
Dr. S. S. AVallihan, General Agent,
DEJfrER, ... COJMRAI>0.
CARRIAGE MANUFACTUR-
ERS.
TVa?ber A. & Co, Ferry, bet. Founh
and Larimer
CHEMICALS.
(Dealers in.)
Clieesman, W. S. 38 Blake
McCormic & Shallcross, 371 Larimer
Riethmann J. J. & Co. cor. F and Lar-
imer
Steinhaeur & Walbracli, 32 Blake and
381 Larimer
CIGARS.
(Dealers in.)
Abrams M. F, bet. Holladay and Larimer
Brocker F. A. 187 F
Brooker L. £. F, nr. Larimer
Brevoort H. & N. 198 F
Cornforth Birks, 146 F
Greenleaf L. N. k Co. 375 Larimer
Kassler G. W. & Co. cor. F and Blake
Kerr H. W. cor. F and Blake
Kenyon Joseph, 894 Larimer
Mund H. H. 365 Larimer
Salomon Bros. 150 F
Schayer C. M. 183 F
Tilton A. K. & Co. 52 Blake
Walker W. S. & Co. 398 Larimer
AVinker John, 190 F
CIVIL ENGINEERS.
Ashley Wm. cor. E and Larimer
Boutelle Geo. V. INL office, 356 Larimer
Case F. M. (city engineer), Larimer, hot.
F and G
Fahringer Adams, cor. E and Larimer
Gilson S. H. cor. G and Lawrence
Kellogg E H. cor. E and Larimer
Lessig John, cor. E and Larimer
Luebbers Henry A. 143 F
Pierce W H. F, nr. Holladay
Stanton Fred. J. Larimer, nr. G
Thayer H. L. cor. E and Larimer
CLAIM AGENTS.
Horner J. ?(. ?'G8 Larimer
Webster J. W. Roper's blk.
Witter Daniel, Feuerstein's blk. cor. G
and Larimer
304
DENVER DIRECTORY.
Yoiite& Hew Tort Fire Insnrance Co.
Cash Assets, nearly a Million Dollars.
Liberal Rates — Conservative — Prompt to
pay Losses.
CEATES t COBB, Agents,
HoUaday Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
CLERGYMEN.
Brown Rev. W. Y. Stewart Reunion
Presbyterian Church
Jackson Rev. Sheldon, supt. Presbyteri-
an Missions
Kehler Rev. Father J. H. Episcopal
Macheboeuf J. P. (Cath.) Bishop of Col-
orado and Utah
Randall Rt. Rev. Bishop G. M. (Epis.)
Bishop of Colorado, r. Wolfe Hall
Raymond Rev. L. First Baptist Church,
cor. G and Curtis
Slicer Rev. T. R. pastor M. E. Church,
parsonage, cor. E and Stout
Vincent Rey. B. T. presiding elder
M. E. Church, r. Clency, bet. "V and II
Wells Rev. E. P. pastor First Presbyte-
rian Church, r. cor. F and Clency
CLOCKS.
(Dealers in.)
Brunswick S. 3G0 Larimer
Hense & (xottesleben, 368 Larimer
Iii^ols A. B. 184 F
Roath R. W. 348 Larimer
CLOTHS AND TRIMMINGS.
(Dealers in.)
Daniels & Eckliart, 357 & 359 Larimer
Deitsch & Brotlier, cor. F and Larimer
Lennon & Son J. A. 344 Larimer
Roseubloom I. 348 Larimer
CLOTHING.
(Dealers in.)
Abrams M. F, nr. Larimer
Daniels & Eckhart, 357 & 359 Larimer
Daniels W. B. & Co. 161 F
Hexter S. 166 F
Raster I. H. 168 F
Merseburg Chas. 15 Blake
Nathan S. 354 Larimer
Peabody D. G. 163 F
Strickler & Mahar, 25 Blake
Trounstine PhU. ("0. K.") 172 F
COAL DEALERS.
Bailey J. L. Bull's Head Corral
Jones John S. " Red Barn," cor. F and
Wynkoop
COFFIN WAREHOUSES.
Maffuire M. C. & Bro. 185 F
Sniltli & Doll, 27 Blake
Tritch George, 137 F
COMMISSIONERS OF DEEDS.
Ashley E. M. cor. E and Larimer
COMMISSION MERCHANTS.
Nye Forwarding Co. Blake, nr. F
Miller J. A. k Co. G, nr. Blake
Rogers, Bradley & Co. Holladay, bet.
F and G
Strickler & Mahar, 25 Blake
Warner 1. 189 F
CONFECTIONERY.
(Dealers in.)
Baker & Co. 380 Larimer
Bucklin & Clark, Clayton's bld'g
Colwell & Bauer, cor. G and Lawrence
Pooler C. E. 173 F
Schueler J. 376 Larimer
Underwood J. 194 F
CONFECTIONERS.
Colwell & Bauer, cor. G and Lawrence
Schueler J. 376 Larimer
Underwood J. 194 F
CONVEYANCERS.
.Anthony W. D. County Recorder's office
Belden & Powers, Clayton's bldg.
Crater k Cobb, HoUaday, opp. Mint
GHl & Cass, HoUaday, nr. F
Horner J. W. k Co. 368 Larimer
Mechling J. Clayton's bldg.
Sayer Daniel, Clayton's bldg. F
NaVre Alfred, Tappan's blk.
Sclileier Geo. C. 192 F
Slaughter W. M. Clayton's bldg. cor. F
Townsend W. H. Tappan's blk.
Webster J. W. Roper's blk.
Witter Daniel, cor. G and Larimer
COOKING RANGES.
(Dealers in.)
3Iichael H. W. & Co. 372 Larimer
Mayer Geo. k Bro. 65 Blake
Tritch George, 137 F
COPPERSMITHS.
Harper & Housnian, 170 F
Mayer George & Bro. 65 Blake
Michael H. W. k Co. 372 Larimer
Tritch George, 137 F
CORDAGE.
(Dealers in.)
Brocker F. A. F, nr. Larimer
Roberts & Jauies, 64 Blake
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
ROBERTS & JAMES,
DEALERS IN
HARDWARE
^4 Blake Street,
DENVER, - COLORADO,
KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND
PLANES, DRAW KNIVES, FILES,
SAWS, VISES, RASPS,
HAMMERS, MALLETS, PICKS,
HATCHETS, WRENCHES, SHOVELS,
CHISELS, BRACES, SPADES,
AUGERS, BEVELS, SCOOPS,
BITS, TRY SQUARES, HOES,
LEVELS, SAW SETS, RAKES,
HANDLES, LOCKS, FORKS,
AXES, BUTTS, HASPS,
PLOWS, HINGES, BOLTS,
HORSE NAILS, SCREWS, NUTS,
TOE CALKS, WASHERS, NAILS,
FULLERS, RIVETS, GLUE,
^BED SPRINGS, SHEET BRASS, WINDOW PULLEYS,
GRINDSTONES, SWEDGES, PADLOCKS,
CASTORS, ETC., HARDIES, OX YOKES,
TONGS, ETC., FLATTERS, OX BOWS,
CORDAGE, CHAINS, CUTLERY,
TWINES, STEEL, BELTS.
CLOTHES WRINGERS, WHITEWASH BRUSHES, BELLS,
Cartridges^ Mining Duck, Etc.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
LIVIN6ST0N & SCHRAM,
GENERAL DEALERS IX
HARDWARE
STOVES, TINWARE
"" T &QM^.
CARPEUTEIIS' TOOLS ^ BUILDERS' HARDWAHE
JIade a Specialty.
Also, inaniifncture and Ilt'pnir all kiiKln of Tin, Sheet
Iron nnd Copper AVare.
Miners Hoisting Buckets and Force Pumps
And all kinds of Heavy Slieet Iron Work made to order.
ALSO, DEALERS IN
PINE POCKET ATSTD TABLE CUTLERY, SILVER-PLATED
"WARE, SPORTING MATERIALS, "WOODEN
AND "WILLO"W "WARE.
We are also prepared to do all kinds of Tin Roofing, Plumbing, Gas Fitting
and Bell Hanging.
351 Larimer Street,
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
J. K. DOOLITTLE,
I>ealer in
DRY GOODS
Boots and Shoes, Hats and Caps,
CARPETS, MILLINERY, ETC.,
Larimer Street, between E and F,
DENVER, COLORADO.
Foundry and Machine Shop
JAMES W. JACKSON, Proprietor.
MANUFACTURKK OF
Saw Mills, Grist Mills, Mining- Machines, Shafting, Coup-
ling's, Pulleys and Hangers.
4®"SPECIAL ATTENTION TO REPAIR WORK.-ff*
I>EIV\^"EI?^5 - - COLORADO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
E. DAUGHERTY,
Dealer in and Worker of
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC
DVC
Larimer Street,
»^
^
1^
WEST SIDE,
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
DENVER PHOTOGRAPHIC ROOMS,
CORNER LARIMER AND F STS.
Photographs, iu every style, executed with neatness and dispatch.
Views of Mountain Scenery
In great variety, from all parts of Colorado.
I
\V. F. KXOWLTON. T P I
KNOWLTON & DICKEY,
DEALERS IX
QUEENSWARE, CHINA,
Glassware, Table Cutlery, Mirrors, Lamps,
TOYS, FANCY OOODS, ETC., ETC.
No. 140 F Street, - - - DENVER, COLO.
JAMES TYNON,
CASH PAID FOR HIDES AND WOOL,
Corner F and Wazee Streets,
"VT". O O ^v^T E Hi Ij ,
DEALER IN
J.
PROVISIONS, TOBACCO & CIGARS,
No. 144 F Street, - - - Denver, Colo.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
iAl
Holladay Street, "bet. F and G,
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
DUPREE k CO., Proprs.
The Melvin House is equalled by few and excelled by
none in Denver. The sleeping chambers are the largest,
best lighted and the best ventilated in Colorado. Each
room is neatly and pleasantly furnished, with a view to
comfort. The Parlor, Dining Hall, Reading Room, etc.,
are arranged in first-class style.
Meals are served Table V Hote^ or on the European
plan, and at
MommmmTM ^mwEB.
The traveling public is cordially invited to patrcmize
our house, and we pledge ourselves to secure to guests
"Home Comforts," with all the luxuries of a first-class
hotel.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
Denver Pacific Railway!
I
Connecting with UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD at Cheyenne for all points
East and West.
At Denver with the Kansas Pacific Railway, for all points in the East; with
Colorado Central Railroad, for Golden City, Black Hawk, and Central City ; witli
Colorado Stage Co.'s lines, to Idaho Springs, Georgetown, Nevada, South Park,
Buckskin, and Fairplay; and with Barlow, Sanderson & Co.'s Denver and Santa Fe
Stage line, via Colorado City and Pueblo.
At Hughes' Station, on Denver Pacific Railway, with the Denver & Boulder
Valley Railway, for Erie, Valmont, Burlington, Boulder City, and Cariboo Mines.
ON AND AFTER DECEMBER 5th, 1870,
Cars will leave Denver at 8:10 A. M. (Railroad time), daily, arriving at Chey-
enne at 1 P. M. Returning, leave Cheyenne at 2:05 P. M., (making connection
with trains arriving at Cheyenne, from the East and West, during the day,) arriving
at Denver at 7:08 P.M., making connections with the Kansas Pacific trains.
For all business connected with the operations of the road apply to
Superintendent and General Freight and Ticket A gent ^
DENVER, COLORADO.
k
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
13:. "W. ICEI?.!^,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
TOBACCO, CIGARS
Snuff, Pipes, Fancy Goods, Smokers' Articles,
i^isHiivo t.a.ok:le:, ii:to.
Comer Blake and F Streets,
DENVER,
COLORADO.
JOSXSPH KEMVON,
WHOI.KSAI.K DEALER IX
WINES, LIQUORS AND CIGARS
Cor, Larimer and G Streets,
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
BOEDEKEB'S,
BRANDY,
OLD CABINET WHISKEY
MUMM'S,
GIN,
OLD FAMILY NECTAR "
PEIPER HEIDSIECK,
HUM.
NECTAR
AND OTHER WELL
SHERRY.
XXXX
KNOWK BRANDS OP
PORT,
FINCH'S OLD RYE
CHAMPAGNE.
MADEIRA.
ETC.
" GOLDEN WEDDING "
Fine and Full Assortment of Imported and Domestic Cigars.
SOLE AGENT FOR JOHN GIBSON'S SON L CO.'S CELEBRATED WHISKIES.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
T
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NURSERY
Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, Grape Vines, Evergreens,
Weeping Trees, Ornamental Trees, Hardy Her-
baceous Plants, Ornamental Shrubs, Vines
and Creepers, Roses, Green House
and Bedding Plants.
"3 Nursery, one Mile North of F St. Bridge,
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IDEHSTVEK;.
Zet everybody plant trees, and take care of them,
^nxc^ ^^xsT" sxcsv'T' x-'n:Eic,
Office, Corner Larimer and G Streets,
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DENVER,
COLORADO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
W. T. OSGOOD,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
■ ■r^ifli^*
mm\ 1
GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS
Cor, G and Larimer Streets,
(Feuerstein's New Block,)
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
C F. HALLACK,
DEALER IN
MHlilp
Blinds, Mouldings, Turnings,
» litis
HoUaday Street, bet. I and K, DENVER.
i WH. m. lilAlOflf IE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
I LAND AND MINING AGENCY,
Clayton's Block,
': Will attend to suits, only, in which titles to lands or mines are in dispute.
i?: Will buy and sell Lands and Mines ; examine and report on titles ; select and
pirchase Railroad Lands, in Colorado or New Mexico.
AH business entrusted to my care will be promptly attended to.
I
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
A. B. ING-OLS,
Manufacturer of
Native Gold Jewelry
AND DE\LER IN
lIlHiNli, WAf illi,
Clocks and Silverware,
Denver, Colorado.
Particular AttBitM Pail to Wm f atcles.
AIX WORK WARRANTED.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
^ WARREN HUSSEY,
Banker,
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
iDJsj^Xj'Si:R xj<r
(^OLD J)UST, QoiN, ^ULLION
Ex:oH:jLi<ra-E.
Mt/ facilUies for drawing Foreign Exchange, in sums to suit
purchasers, are unsurpassed.
Frank Palmer, Manager.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
FRED. J. STANTON,
tf ti$f # M^^i^
LAND CLA13I AGENT,
wmwwmm^
©@li@EA®@,
Government Lands, Pre-emptions, Homesteads and Soldier's Claims. Town phils
laid out. Mapping and Drafting in all its branches. Estimates made for Canals,
Ditches, etc. Copies or tracings of all the additions to Denver always on hand and
furnished to order. Information to Settlers, Immigrants and Real Estate Owners.
E. G. MATTHEWS.
E. A. RESER.
MATTHEWS &RESER,
HEAL ESTATE
AND
LOAN AGENCY.
Publishers of the "Colorado Real Estate Register."
3 S3 Larimer St.,
DENVEE, - COLOEADO.
(iEO. Y.. CUATEK.
c. T). com;.
CRATER & COBB,
RealEstateJnsurance
AND
GENERAL AGENTS,
Notaries Public & Conveyancers
Holladay Street,
(Opp. Mint,)
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
R. H. G^Ei^RY,
DEALER IN
^i=©il Mtat aad #aa©
Of all kinds, Wholesale and Retail,
F Street, bettveen Larimer and Lawrence,
J
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
FOR
DENVER, COIiORADO.
Under the Care of the Sisters of Loretto.
The situation of the Academy, on California street, is healthy and pleasant.
The Pupils will always be under the mild and etficient care of the Sisters, wlio will
leave nothing undone in imparting to the pupils, confided to their care, a thorough
education. Children of every denomination will be admitted into the Institution.
For the sake of order, the pupils will be required to observe the general Rules and
Regulations of the School.
The Scholastic year is divided into two Sessions, of five months each ; the first
Session beginning on the first day of September, and the second on the first day of
Eebruary.
No deduction will be made for absence or withdrawal, unless occasioned by
sickness or dismission.
On Saturdays, from ten o'clock till five, the pupils are permitted to receive
visits from their parents.
The boarders are required to furnish their own bedding, also toilet and table
furniture.
TERMS-PAYMENT IN ADVANCE:
Board, Washing, and Tuition, in all its biancbes; except Music, the Lan-^
guages, Drawing, and Painting, per Session v'lC-J ^*
EXTRA CHARGES:
Music, per Session ^
Languages, each, per Session _
Drawing and Painting, per Session
4 00
For Day School, per month
Extras — The same as for boarders.
I
refer^e:ivoes:
RIGHT REV. J. P. MACHEBEUF, Bishop of Colorado and Utah.
REV. J. B. RAVEDY, Pastor, Central City, Colorado.
REV. R. GARASSU, Pastor of San Luis, Colorado.
REV. FATHER FOLEY, Pastor of Salt Lake City, Utah.
COL. DONNELLAN, Laramie City, Wyoming.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
ADIN ALEXANDER, A. H. SMITH.
ALEXAHDEH & SMITH,
WHOLESALE DEALERS JiV
Groceries and Provisions
WINES, LIQUORS,
iigapit f ®ia®®Ot It®*^ lt®«
Tribune Building, 143 F Street,
Denver So^P Works
3elow F Street Bridge, Platte IMver,
L. BENDER, Proprietor,
— AND—
Will keep constantly on band a good supply of the
BEST CfcXJ^^LITY,
And at the
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
KANSAS PACIFIC RAILWAY
SMOKY HILL ROUTE.
to ISO MILES THE SHORTEST ROUTE
From Denver to St, Louis, New York
AND
ALL POINTS EAST AND SOUTH!
Denver to Chicago without change. Only one change from DENVER to ST. LOUIS
PHILADELPHIA and XEW YORK.
The only road running PULLMAN'S PALACE CARS from DENVER !
IVO 03£r»riBUS or, FEIlR^i^ TRAiNSSITEI?.
Close connections made in Union Depots at State Line and Kansas City, with Mis-
souri Pacific, Hannibal and St. Jo, and Nortli Missouri Railroads, for
ST. LOXJIS, G^TJin^ClT, 0X3110^0-0
And all Points East, Xorth and South.
Leave Denver.- I miles.
Kit Carson
Havs
Ellsworth
Bpmkville
Salina
Abilene
Junction City...
Manhattan
Wamcgo -
Topeka
Lawrence
ARRIVE AT
KANSAS CITY.
Leavenworth
MILES.
10 00 P. M.
162
6 20 A.M.
350
3 05 P. M.
416
6 10 "
4:9
7 30 "
454
8 35 "
476
9 45 "
601
11 (10 P. M.
521
12 02 A. M.
535
12 50 "
672
2 30 "
601
3 56 '•
639
6 00 "
635
6 35 "
6 30 A..M.
6 35 "
7 45 "
9 00 "
10 05 "
10 .'■.0 "
1 00 P. M.
2 35 "
4 35 "
4 35 "
FAVORITE ROUTE TO
Kansas City, Leavenworth, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, Boston, St.
Lome, Chicago, Louisville, Baltimore, New York,
ANr> ALL roirvTss east, north and s^otl'tii:
;^=- Passenger and Freight Rates as Low and Time as quick as by any Routo.-i*
THROUGH TICKETS for sale at Denver, Greeley, Central City, Goorgctown,
Pueblo, Trinidad, .Santa Fe and Kit Carson.
5,000,000 acres of choice farming lands for sale, situated alons the line of tlie Kansas PuciBc Rnilwajr,
jit from $2 to $G per acre. For particulars, address J. P. DEVKREUX, Land Commisgioner, Lawrence,
Kansas.
T. F. OAKES, iJ. ANDERSON.
General Freight Agent, Gen'l Sup't,
KANSAS CITY, MO. LAWRENCE, KAN.
W W. BORST, D. C. DODGE.
Local Agent, General Agi nt.
DENVER, COLORADO.
BETERLY Jt. KEIM, General Ticket Agent, Kansas CUy, Mo.
F
I
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
R^AILT^^ATf TIM:E TABLES.
Kansas Pacific Rail-way.
WINTER ARRANGEMENT.
On and after January 22, 1871, trains will run as follows:
GOING EAST. 1
GOING AVEST.
LE.WE.
EXPRESS.
MAIL.
TOPEKA
accomm'n.
LEAVE.
EXPRESS.
MAIL.
TOPEKA
ACCOMM'.V.
l)i*iiver
River Bend
10.00 P. M.
2 00 A M.
[
Wyand..lt«
Kansas City
State Line
Leavenworth
Stranger
9 50 p.m.
10.45 "
11.00 "
11.00 "
12.25 A. M.
1.00 "
1.37 "
230 «
3 35 "
4.15 "
4.55 "
5.50 "
6.55 "
7.20 "
S.25 "
0.30 •'
10.35 "
1 45 p. M.
'8.15 a.m.
9 20 "
925 "
9.00 "
10.40 "
11.15 "
12.05 P H.
1.20 "
2.35 "
3.20 "
4.05 "
5.15 «
6 35 "
7.05 "
8.15 "
9.00 "
4.i'-. p M.
5.10 ••
3.10 "
5.20 "
2.25 p. M.
5.20 •«
4.35 "
Ellis
j
6 50 "
Hays City.
3.05 "
6.10 "
7.30 "
8 35 "
9.20 "
9.45 "
11.00 "
12.02 a.m.
12.50 "
1.27 "
2.30 "
3 20 "
3.55 "
4.30 "
6.35 "
5.50 "
6.00 "
625 "
1
Lawrence
Perryville
Tupt-'ka
St. Mary's
AVaniego
Manhattan
Junction City
7.30 '•
1
8.10 "
6.30 A. M
6.35 "
7.20 "
7.45 "
9.00 "
10.05 "
10..50 "
n..30 '•
1.00 P.M.
1.55 "
2..35 "
3.10 "
4.35 "
4.25 "
4.35 "
5.00 "
9.05 "
1
1
1
Junction City ...
Wamego
St. Mary's.
Salina
7.00 A.M.
7.50 "
8.30 "
9.10 "
11.20 "
10.40 "
10.45 "
11.10 "
Brook ville.
Ellsworth
Ilavs City.
Ellis
Perry ville.
2.'0 "
11.33 "
1 45 A. M.
*
[Hugo
River Bend ...
ARRIVE AT
Denver
State Lino
2.50 "
7.00 "
Kansas City
Wyandotte
Mail and aecoinniodation trains loave State Line, Kan.'*as City and I.,eaven-wortli,
daily (except Sunday). E.xpress trains leave State l.,ine, Kansas City, Leavenworth
and Denver, daily, connectiiiir, at Leavenworth, with the L., Jj. & G. H. U., for Baldwin
City, Ottawa, Garnett, llniuboldt, Parker and Fort Scott ; at Topeka, with the A., T. & '
S. F. R. R., for Rurlin^ame, Emporia, Hurlington. Neosho Falls, Humboldt and <"he-
topa; at.luiiction City, with the M.,K. & T. L. W. for Council Grove, Kmporia, Rur-
linston, Neosho Falls, Humboldt and Chetopa; at Carson with the Southern Overland
Mail and E.xpress Company's daily line of coaches, for Pueblo, Trinidad, Las Vegas,
Fort Union, Santa Fe and all points in New Mexico and Arizona; at Denver, with
Denver Pacific Railway, for Cheyenne. Ogden, Salt Lake, San Francisco, and all points
in California and the Territories; and with overland passenger and express coaches
for Central City, Georgetown, and all points in Coloratlo.
Tickets for the above points are for sale at the company's offices at Leavenworth,
Kansas City, State Line and Lawrence.
At Leavenworth, with the Missouri Pacific and Missouri VaHey railroads, for
-Vtchison and St. Joseph; at State Line, with trains of the Missouri Pacific railroad;
and at Kansas City, with the North Missouri and Hannibal & St. Joseph railroads for
< 'hicago and St. Louis, and points South and East.
.^••Pullman's Sleeping Cars attached to night express trains, and run through
between Kansas City and Denver.
/fff=-r),000,000 acres of clioice farming lands for sale, situated along the line of the
Kansas Pacific railway, at from 82 to sti per acre. For particulars, address J. P. Dkve-
KEux, Ijand Commissioner, Lawrence, Kansa.s.
BEVERLY R. KEIM, A. ANDER.SON,
General Ticket Agent. General Superintendent.
F'^4.Pt3XE:i^S'
G^E,
FloiirJeeJ, tain, Groceries & Provisions
OVID PLUMB, PROPRIETOR,
GREELEY, - _ _ _ COLORADO.
AND COLOEADO GAZETTEER.
Stage Company
ARE XOW RUNNING A
OF
SIX-HORSE CONCORD COACHES
FROM
DENVER TO GZ:0RGET01?7I\r
FR03I
Golden City to Central,
AND FROM
CEIVTHA^IL, TO IT3A.HO AND GKORGEXOWIV.
I
Close connections made at DENVER with the
Kansas & Denver Pacific Railways
And at GOLDEN with the
COLORADO CENTRAL.
Also, TRI- WEEKLY from
DeiiTcr to Hamilton, Fair Play and the South Park roiintry,
Leaving DENVER on
MONDAYS, THUHSDAYS AND SATURDAYS,
Conveying the United States Mails, "SVells, Fargo & Co.'s and tlio T'nilo.I stntoa
Express.
Coaches leave DENVER for
HOTEL. -T'";,
GKORGETOWN, at 6.30 A.M i-'^' ^Jj-
FAIR PLAY, at 6.39 A.M '•^*' •*• •''•
For tickets or information apply to
J. H. JONES, Agent, Denver, Col.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
UNION PACIFIC Railroad
Omaha and Platte Valley.
T?TTnr MtOXJIiS SHOR^TEST It O XJ T E
• ■ • ■■ BKTWEEN
CHICAGO and DENVER.
FARE ALWAYS AS LOW AS BY ANY OTHER ROUTE,
This Lino makes close connections at CHEYEXNE with
Denver Pacific Hail Road.
FOK
Denver, Golden City, Black Hawk, Central City,
Idaho, Georgetown, Nevada City,
And all points in
COLORADO, ARIZONA & NEW MEXICO.
Pullman's PalaceSleeping&Drawing-Room Cars
ON AL.L FIRST-CLASS TRAINS.
TRAINS LEAVE OMAHA DAILY AT II A.M.
Arriving at Cheyenne at 12:40 P. M.,
Couiiecting witU DEKVKR PACIFIC Train leaving CIteyrnue at 3:05 P.M.,
arriving at Denver at 7:08 P. M.
EAST— LEAVE DENVER AT 8:1 0 A, 31.
Arriving at Cheyenne at 12:25 P. M.,
Connecting with UNIOIV PACIFIC Train, leaving Cheyenne at 1:40 P. M.,
arriving at Omaha at 3:30 P. M., making close conueetiouii
both ways with Daily Trains to and from
CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS, AND ALL POINTS EAST AND SOUTH.
W. C. THOMPSON, T. E. SICK£LS,
uisst. Gen. Pass. Agent. chirf Eng. and SvpU
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
LIFE INSUEANCE CO.
FISHER, PUTJIAN & BULEN,
GENERAL AGENTS FOR
Office, Denver, Colorado.
The Missouri Valley Life Insurance Company adopted, at its orgunization, all
the advantageous features of life insurance, as follows:
First — It is organized on the mixed plan.
Secoxd — Its policies are all non-forfeiting after the second annual payment.
Third — It has no restrictions on travel. Its jwlicics are ivorld-wide.
Fourth — It is purely a cash company. It takes no notes and gives none.
Fifth — Its dividends are declared upon the contribution plan, and paid in cash, annually^
Sixth — It insures at loiver rates than any other company.
Seventh — Its success is unparalleled.
As an illustration of the benefits received by the Policy lioldor in the Missouri
Valley Life Insurance Company over other companies, we call your attention to
the following examples:
An P^ndowment Policy entered in the Missouri Valley Life Insurance Company
for SIO.OOO, at the age of thirty-five years. Premium, $G43.10, in ten paynionts. Thu
amount payable to the insured, when he shall have reached the age of sixty, will
be SG0,211.22.
In an Eastern Company, for $10,000, at the age of thirty-five, premium, $001.30,
in ten payments, the amount payable to the insured, when lie shall liave reaclie<l
the age of sixty, will be only £23,032.11, and this is in an all cash company. In u
note company the Policy would be the same as when first entered, viz.: SIO.OOO.
The success of the Missouri Valley, during the period of its existence, Is a
sullicient guarantee that it is one of tlie b.st managed companies doing business.
It lias a guaranteed capital of 11,000,000, oflcring you as good security as any i>ther
company. That you can secure your Policy at lower rates, on bettek tekms.
and receive larger dividends tlian in any other company, is admitted by the
best Insurance Actuaries in the United States. Hence, if you are already Insured
in this Company, you are a meml^er of one of tlie best companus doing l).islnrs8.
If you are not, and desire to secure for yourself or family a nice patrimony for tho
future, you should take the proper steps at once to secure a Policy in it.
Your patronage is solicited.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Office of The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co.,
Milwaukee, Wis., Jan. 23, 1871.
In presenting the Annual Report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1870,
it affords us pleasure to refer you to the accompanying statements, showing the
steady growth and increasing prosperity of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance
Company, now just entering upon the thirteenth year of its corporate existence.
The low mortality record for the past and preceding years, evidences skill and
care in the selection of the lives insured; while the reserve fund of the Company
(4 per cent, actuaries), the highest security known to any American Company, safely
invested, places the Northwestern, with its reduced expenses, upon an impregnable
basis of security, and guarantees to its members a reliable and permanent fund, for
those whom they designed to benefit and protect.
At the time when disaster, the legitimate result of mismanagement and abuse, is
overtaking some of the insurance companies of the country, it is especially gratify-
ing to call attention to this Company's strengtli and security.
The Insurance Commissioner of Massachusetts, in his report of 1870, says:
"The computed reserve or accumulated fund of a Company, is the best and safest
test of its soundness, and the most promising element of its future stability and
strength."
There have been paid, during the year, two hundred and fortj'-three policies,
upon two hundred and thirty-two lives, covering four hundred and seventy-seven
thousand, eighty-five dollars and eleven cents of insurance. The ratio of loss lo the
mean amount at risk is but seventy-six one-hundredths of one per cent. Of the
twenty companies organized before the year 1860, and reporting to the Massachu-
setts Insurance Commissioner in 1870, the average ratio of loss to the mean amount
insured is a fraction less than ninety-five one-hundredths.
****************
We invite the attention of the members of the Company to the following synopsis
of its business, which gives evidence that the security this Company offers to its
policy-holders is equal to that of any company in the land; relatively strong as the
strongest, and deserving the full confidence of its members, and the patronage of
the community at large.
John II. Van Dyke,
IIeber Smith,
C. F. Ilslkt,
D. Ferguson,
J. A. Dutch er.
Executive Committee.
New policies issued during the year 1870 7,781
Amount of Insurance thereon $16,591,033 23
Total number of Policies in force January 1, 1871 35,107
Total amount of risk thereon .' $65,186,706 98
Amount paid for losses during the year 1870, upon 243 policies 477,085 11
Whole amount paid for losses since the organization of the Company, 1,682,856 30
Total income during the year 18J0 3,670,370 07
Total amount loaned on bond and mortgage, January 1, 1871 3,795,285 16
Total assets, January 1, 1871 8,991,766 48
Ratio of Expenses to Receipts for the year 1870 14.81
See advertisement elsewhere in this work.
Dr. S. S. WALLIHAN,
Gen. Agt. Rocky Mountain District, Colorado, Wyoming,
Utah, and New Mexico. Head-quarters, Denver.
W. T. CARTER,
Local Agent, Denver.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
I
MERRIMAN BROTHERS,
DENVER, COI,.
General Western Agents for the
Celebrated
Wilson Improved
UNDERFEED,
SHUTTLE
riM
For Simplicity f Durahility and Beauty,
Stands Unrivaled.
Stitch alike on both sides. Over fifty thousand sold in 1S70. Good, roliiiblf
agents wanted throughout Colorado, to whom liberal inducements will be givfti.
ALSO GENERAL AGENTS FOK
MARVIN'S ALUM & DRY PLASTER FILLED
if© & Bnpslap Proof Safes
Over 30,000 in use among the principal business firms, banks and
corporations in the country.
HAVE NEVER FAILED TO SAVE THEIR COXTEXTS
In the largest fires to which they have been exposid.
They combine the two most peefect fire-pkook substances know;*; th.-y are
perfectly dry, and do not corrode the iron; they do not lose their flre-proof qunlitlis*
by age.
OUR LOCKS ARE SUPERtOR TO ANY OTHERS IN USE.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Tremont House
L. McCARTY, Proprietor.
A. K. PUESEL, Clerk.
Blake St., West Denver, Colorado,
This first-class hotel has fine, large and airy rooms,
and having recently been enlarged by the addition of
another complete story, is now better than ever able to
maintain its well known reputation and popularity.
The table is constantly supplied with all
1© ®©lia^©l©§ %i thO) ^©a^@m<
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
TO THE TRAVELING PUBLIC.
The present arrangement of running trains gives all mIio are passinj; Clicycinu-
ample time to see the
THE RICHEST AND LARGEST STOCK OF
iiv the: tvjest.
Novelties in
'f'AZ,
And other native stones, as well as exquisite productions from
NATIVE GOLD.
Sure to please and Interest all. It is but a few steps from the depot to JOST.IN
& PARK'S establishment.
TO THE STAY-AT-HOME PUBLIC.
Send your orders to
JOSLIN & PARK, CHEYENNE, WYOMING,
■ For anything in the jewelry line.
By dealing with them you buy directly from the manufacturer, saving nil profits
of middle men. They have built up their large business by a<lh.>riiig to small
profits and keeping their work up to their well-known, NKVKK-uUKsrio.Ntn
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE.
I TO ANY OTHER MAN!
your Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, or any otlier goods in
K, Cheyenne, W. T., eitiier by order or in person.
YOUB MONEY'S WORTH AND SATISFACTION IS SUSE TO FOLLOW.
Buy your Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, or any otlier goods in this lln.-, of JOSLIN
<f: r.:.ilK, Cheyenne, W. T., eitiier by order or in person.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
John IIooi-kk & Co.'S Advertising Agency, established in 1842, being the first iii
New York, consolidated with Geo. P. Rowell & Co. in 1870.
GEO. P. ROWELL & CO.
AND
American Frinters^ Wareliouse.
Every article needed in a i)rinting office, and everj- article manufactured for
printer's use, at manufacturer's prices.
No. 41 Park Row, NEW YORK CITY.
Geo. P. Rowell ^ Co.'s American Newspaper Directory
REVISED ANXIALLY.
A list of the Newspapers and other Pericxlicals in the United States and Territories, the Dominion of
Canada and the British Colonies, nrraupied alphabetically by towns, giving name, days of issue, politim
or general character, form, size, subscription price per year, date of establishment, editor's and pub-
lisher's names, circulation, etc.
A list of "Towns and Cities in the United States and Territories, the Dominion of Canada nnd th"
British Colonies, in which Newspapers and other Perindicats are published, arranged alphabetically by
counties, giving population, location, branch of industry from whi( h it derives its inipoi lance, etc.
A list of Newspapers and Periodicals cbiiniing more than 5,0(>0 circulation each issue.
A list of Newspapers and Periodicals claiming more than lO.OttO circulation each issue.
A list of Newspapers and Periodicals claiming more than 20,000 circulation each issue, with actual
amount of circulation given in eacli c;ise, according to the best accessible authority.
A list of Religious Newspapers and I'eriodicals.
A list of Newspapers and Periodicals devoted to Agriculture and Horticulture.
A list of Newspapers and Periodicals devoted to Medicine and Surgery.
A list of Newspajiers and Periodicals devoted to Educational matters.
A list of Newspapers and Periodicals devoted to the Amusement and Instruction of Children.
A list of Newspapers and Periodicals devoted to Vreemasonry, Odd-Fellowship and Temperance.
A list of Newspapers and Periodicals devoted to Commerce and Finance, insurance, Ileal Estate,
Mechanics, Law, Sporting, Music and Woman's Rights.
A list of Newspapers and Periodicals printed wholly or in part in the German, French, Scadinavian,
Spanish, Uollandish, Italian, Welsh and Bohemian languages.
In every town there are men who want this book. To agents who will make a
tliorough canvass, we will allow a lil)eral commission upon copies sold.
GEO. P. ROWELL & CO., Publishers,
41 Park Row, Nevv York.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
C. JOHNSON,
( Successor to McCool & Johnson,)
Dealer in all hinds of
OOTS, SHOES
-A.3SriD
Rubber Goods,
.A.T
AND
No. 2 GURNEY BLOCK,
lytain Street, Oeiitral Oit.v,
I
5=^«
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTOKY
NDIANAPOLIS& ST. LOUIS
I^^^I Xj I^ O .A. ID,
In connection with tlie
;Af 811 ami!
The most popular route from ST. LOUIS to
INDIANAPOLIS, CINCINNATI,
PITTSBURGH, BUFFALO,
NEW YORK, BOSTON,
PHILADELPHIA,
A.ii<l all Eastei-n cities.
S. F. PIERSOX,
General Ticket Agent.
J. V. WESTLAKE. A. A. BUTTON.
St* liOEii Nivelly W ® Ai*
WESTLAKE & BUTTON,
Manufacturers and Jobbers in all kinds of
MACHINIST, FOUNDRY. BLACKSMITH
AND
CARPENTER WORK,
Factory, 1201 to 1217 North Main St., I OFFICE, 1213 North Main Street,
Railroad Contractors' and Builders' Supplies, Bridge and Truss Bolts, Wheelbarrows, Dirt Cars, Brick ,
Hoists, Derricks, Pile Drivers and Stone Trucks, on hand or manufactured at short notice; also, Tackle I
Blocks, Cordage, Pumps, Skiff and Yawl Oars, Broom Makers' Machines, Warehouse and Store Hoists, i
Trucks, Skids, Solid Pump Tubing, etc., etc. |
I
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
E. C. MOWBRAY, M. D., D. D. S.
Office on Gr Street^ opposite Tlieatre,
DENVER, COL.
STEINHALER & WALBRACH,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUGGISTS,
Fillmore Block, Blake St. and JVb. 381 Larimer St.
DENVER, COLORADO,
Dealers ia Pure Drugs, Chemicals, Paints, Oils, Patent Medicines, Perfumery, Soaps,
Combs, Brushes, Lamps, Chimneys, and Pure Liquors for Medicinal use.
S. E. IIROW.NE. N. HARRISoy. T. 0. PCTNAM.
L. B. PRANCE. .M. A. ROGERS.
BBOWNE, HARBISON k POTNAH,
FRANCE & ROGERS,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
Attorneys at Law
1 Office, 3S3 Larimer St.
3S9 Larimer Street,
DENVER, - - GOLOEADO.
DENYER, - COLOHADO.
^m
NEW SECTIONAL MAP OF COLORADO.
The only complete and accurate Map of Colorado ever pntilished.
Contains latest Surveys, Railway Lines, Boundaries of Land Orants, Private (iriints
etc., etc., to Mareli, 1871.
PRICE, IN COVERS, (Pocket Edition,' $3.00.
H. L. THAYER, Publisher, Denver.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
the:
Rocky Mountain Herald!
FOR
TOWN AND COUNTRY.
JUST the: THING!
It interests everybody.
It has everything nice.
It keeps peace in the family.
It is instructive to miners.
It is entertaining to merchants.
It is refreshing to ranchers.
It is suggestive to stock men.
It is invaluable to ladies.
It is just the thing to send East.
L.OO A YEAR, IN ADVANCE.
ADDRESS OR ArPTA' TO
O. J. GOLDRICK, Publisher,
Corner F and Larimer Streets, Denver.
Take it! Advertise in it!! Send it East!!!
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
CHALPANT, COX & CO.
IMPORTERS OF
Hosiery,Notions,WhiteGoods,Embroideries
&ENTS' FURKISHING GOODS, ETC,
Ho. 504 Market Street,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
No. 339 Larimer Street,
(SECOND FLOOR,)
DENVER, COLORADO.
Merchants should call before going East to purchase stocks, as superior induce-
ments will be offered.
F. PETERSOIV, A^eiit.
THE OLD EEnABlE
HannibaliSt. Joseph Railroad
Tie Shortest, tlie Cleapest, tie Best Epiej
FOB
SPEED, COMFORT and SAFETY!
And the only route East where vexatious delays by disagreeable transfers
are avoided. The Missouri and Mississippi Rivers crossed
JB. by new and elegant Iron Bridges.
Tlroil milm Palace Cars froDi Mm lo GMcap
Sure and direct connections at KANSAS CITY witli the
Kansas Pacific Railway.
Pullman's Palace Drawing-Room and Sleeping Cars
on all Tlxrongli Trains.
THROUGH TICKETS TO ALL PROMINENT POINTS EAST.
Baggage Checlced Tbroxigli.
Ask for Tickets via the Hannibal & St. Josepk Rail Road.
„,. , , » * GEO. H. SETTLETON,
P. B. GROAT, Gen. Ticket Agt. ^'^^' 8„p..,utcnd. ol.
L. V. MORSE, Assistant Supt. uenera* o y
k
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
L. W. SPEXCEll.
W. MARCH A NT.
SPENCER & MARCHANT,
Bridles, Collars, Whips, Etc, JEtc,
DENVER, - - - COLORADO.
WILLIAM MYERS,
DEALER IN
f AGOIS AND FABM IMPLEMEITS
I keep the best only, such as the
Schiittler Wagon, 3IcCorinick\s Meaijers and Moivers,
Mishaivaka Plows, Dickey's Fanning Mills,
and the Keystone Corn Sheller,
ALSO, CORN PLANTERS, GRINDERS, DRILLS, SOWERS, CUTTERS, ETC.
Satisfaction guaranteed in every case. Give me a call, at
121 and 123 F Street,
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
<.yiR 500,000 ^YHEELER & WILSON SEAYIN(i MACHINES in Daily Us
DENVER DIRECTORY.
305
Lorillarfl Fire Insurance Compaiy
NEW YORK.
A-SSETS, - - Sl,TOO,000
REICHAED &i WINNE, Agents,
VEXrJSJi, - - . COLOHADO.
Stebbins C. M. 39 Blake
Westlake k Button, 1213 N. Main,
St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
COSTUMERS.
Piitz Eugenie Madame, (nee charplot)
Roper's blk.
COTTON GOODS.
(Dealers in.)
Ballin Clia.s. 352 Larimer
Daniels & Eokliart, 357 & 359 Larimer
Deitscll ii Bro. cor. F and Larimer
Doolittle J. K. 350 Larimer
Peabodj D. (i. 103 F
Sands & Kline, 3GG Larimer
CROCKERY &. GLASS^WARE.
(Dealers in,)
Douglas J. W. 379 Larimer
Early J. R. & Co. 358 Larimer
Knowlton <fc Dickey, 140 F
Pierce k Moflett, "(Dollar Store) Tap-
pan's blk.
KeitlHuaim L. D. & Co. 200 F
CUTLERS.
Sboenfeld H. F. & Son, 353 Larimer
CUTLERY.
(Dealers in.)
Douglas J. W. 379 Larimer
Freund & Brother, Blake, bet. F and G
(Treenleaf L. N. & Co. 375 Larimer
Harper & Housman, 170 F
Kassler G. W. & Co. cor. F and Blake
KnoMlton & Dickey, 140 F
McCoruiic & Sliallcross, 371 F
Roberts & James, 54 Blake
DENTISTS.
Moffett C. P. Roper's blk.
Mowbray R. C. Earth's bldg. cor. G.
and Lawrence
Rogers & Smedley, 370 Larimer
Suitin J. H. Clayton's bldg.
DERRICKS.
(Dealers in.)
Westlake & Button, 1213 N. Main,
St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
'V '20
LITE INSUSAKCE CO.
Receipts in 1870, - - - S3,f.7 0.:J7 0 0 7
Losses paid since organization, 1,700,000 OO
Dr. S. S. Wallihan, Gen'l Agt.,
DIRT CARS.
(Dealers in.)
Westlake & Button, 1213 N. Main,
St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
DOORS, SASH AND BLINDS.
(Di-alers in.)
Chicago S. & D. Depot, H. R. Green,
agt. Larimer, nr. Front
Hallack E. F. Holladay, bet. I and K
McCuue, Alvin, 142 F
Sturlevant W. M. Blake, bet. I and K
DRAFTSMEN.
Stanton Fi'ed. J. Larimer, nr. cor. G
Thayer H. L. cor. E and Larimer
DRESS MAKERS.
Albright C. A. Mrs. Larimer, bet. G & H
Babcock E. L. Mrs. 340 Larimer
Davis M. A. Mrs. cor. Third and Front
Edwards Jennie Mrs. F, nr. Larimer
Ermerins Bertha j\Irs. 395 Larimer
Hannah Annie Miss, Holladay, nr. E
Leonora N. E. M.s. Blake, l)et. G aiui 1!
Mulaby Johanna Mrs. F, bet. Laiimer
and Lawrence
McClellan L. Mrs. 384 Larimer
Palmer A. R. Mrs. 339 Larimer
Putz E. Madame, Ropers blk. G
Rogers Ellen Mr.s. cor. F and Lawrence
DRESS TRIMMINGS.
(Dealers in.)
Ballin Chas. 352 Larimer
Caspar 0 354 Larimer
Daniels & Eckhai-t, 357 & 359 Larimer
Deitscll & Brother, cor. F and Larimer
Doolittle J. K. 350 Larimer
Nathan S. 354 Larimer
Peabody D. It. lfi3 F
Putz Eugenie JIadanie, Roper's blk. G
Sands & Kline, 360 Laiimer
Stilwell J. A. Mrs. 339 Larimer
DRUGGISTS AND APOTHE-
CARIES.
Cheesman W. S. :'-« ni^ke
McCormic k Shallciuss, 3<1 Larimer
Reithmaim J. J. k Co. cor. F & Laramer
Steiuhauer k Walbrach, 32 Blake and
381 Larimer
306
PENVER riRECTORY.
f asMistfli Fire taraice Go.
OF ]VEW YORK.
Cash Assets, nearly a Million Dollars.
Well managed. Worthy the honored
name it bears.
CRATER & COBB, Agents,
IToUaday Sired, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
DRY GOODS DEALERS.
Ballin ('lias. 352 Larimer
Daniels & Eckliart, 357 & 359 Larimer
Deitsoll & Brother, cor. F and Larimer
Donnelly E. cor. E and Larimer
Doolittle J. K. 350 Larimer
Nathan S. 354 Larimer
PeabodvD. G. 1G3 F
Pierce & MofTett, (Dollar Store) Tap-
pan's blk.
Sands & Kline, 3G6 Larimer
Strickler & Mahar, 27 Rlake
ENGINEERS.
(Civil.)
Boutelle Geo. V. M office, 356 Larimer
Case F. M. office, Larimer, bet. F and G
Gilson Sam'l H. office, cor. G and Law-
rence
Pierce AV. H. office, F, nr. Holladay
Stanton Fred. J. office, Larimer, nr. G
Thayer H. L. office, cor. E and Larimer
Woodworth J. B. bds. Broadwell House
EXPRESS COMPANIES.
Sontliern Overland Mail and Ex. Co.
office, G, nr. Blake
United States, J. H. Jones, agt. cor. F
and Holladay
Wells, Fargo & Co. J. H. Jones, agt. cor.
F and Holladay
ENGRAVERS.
. Brnnswick S. 360 Larimer
Hauck ('. C. 370 Larimer
Hense k diottesleben, 368 Larimer
In^-ols A. B.
Joslin & Park, (Cheyenne)
FISHING TACKLE.
(Dealers in.)
Fi-ennd k Brother, Blake, bet. F and G
Gove C. 12 Blake
Greeenleaf L. N. & Co. 375 Larimer
Rood M. L. 141 F, bet. Wazee and Bl.ike
Woolworth, Moffat & Clarke, 377
Larimer
FLOURING MILLS.
Excelsior Mills, J. W. Smith, prop.
Sixth and Arapahoe av.
Merchant Mills, O. W. Shackleton & Co.
props. Seventh and Arapahoe av.
Rough and Ready R. S. Little, prop.
Littleton
FOUNDRIES.
Denver Fonndry, J. W. Jackson, prop.
(West Denver)
Terra Cotta Fonndry, cor. M & Arapahoe
Westlake & Bntton, 1213 N. Main,
St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
FRUIT DEALERS.
Brooker L. E. F, nr. Lawrence
Bneklin k Clark, Clayton's blk.
Comfort h Birks, 146 F
Harlan J. H. & Co. 26 Blake
Hilary C. r.t8 F
Johnson & Spencer, 365 Larimer
Pooler C. E. 173 F , / ^ , ^
Sprajjne & Webb, Larimer, bet. F & G
Underwood J. 1U4 F
Warner Porter
FURNISHING GOODS.
(Dealers in.)
Abrams M. Holladay, bet. F and G
Daniels W. B. & Co. F, nr. Blake
Daniels & Eckhart, 350 Larimer
llexter S. 166 F
Kastor I. H. 168 F
Os^'(M)d W. T. Clayton's 1)lk. F, nr. Lar-
imer
1 Poabodv I>. G. 103 F
1 Tronnstine Phil. ("0. K.") 172 F
I FURNITURE DEALERS.
Kraatz A. Larimer, nr. E
Kreig V. 140 Larimer
I Mairnire M. C. k Bro. 185 F
j Smith k D«dl, 27 Blake
FUR DEALERS.
Fink Joseph, 55 Blake
Lobensiein W. C. & Co. cor. G & Holladay
Machette Chas. C. 164 F
Shell Samuel, 171 F
FLOUR AND FEED.
(Dealers iu.)
Cornforth Birks, 146 F
Salonuni Brothers, 150 F ^
Sargent & Trimble, 391 Larimer
Smith J. W. G, bet. Blake and Wazee
FANCY GOODS.
(Dealers iu.)
Babcock E. L. Mrs. 346 Larimer
Ballin Chas. 352 Larimer
Caspar C. 154 Larimer
Cheesnian W. S. 38 Blake
Daniels k Eckhart, 357 & 359 Larimer
Doolittle J. K. 350 Larimer
Deitsch k Bro. cor. F and Larimer
Donsrlas J. W. 379 Larimer
Western Agts. for Wlieeler & Wilson Sewing Machines, 209 G St., Denver.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
307
REICHARD & WINNE,
TnE LEADING
INSURANCE AGENTS
OF COLORADO,
Having returned 810,000 more premiunis for 1870
tluin any other agency in Colorado.
(Jrant S. A. & Co. 383 Larimer
Greenleaf L. N. & Co. 375 Larimer
Nathan S. 354 Larimer
Ossrood W. T. F, nr. Larimer
Peabody I), (i. 63 F
Pierce & Moffett, (Dollar Store) Tappan's
blk.
Pntz Engenie Madame, Roper's blk.
Riethniann J. J. & Co. cor. F & Larimer
Sanils & Kline, 356 Larimer
Woolworth, Molfat & Clarke, 377
Larimer
FAST FREIGHT LINES.
Erie and Pacific Despatch, C. F. Bridges,
agt. office, K. P. liy. ticket office
Great Western Despatch, J. H. Jones,
agt. cor. F and Holladay
Merchants Despatch, J. H. Jones, agt.
cor. F and Holladay
FORWARDING AND COMMIS-
SION MERCHANTS.
x>Iiller J. A. & Co. G, bet. Blake and
Wazee
Nve Forwai'ding Co. L. S. Nye, pres.
'41 Blake
Roffors, Bradley & Co. Holladay, nr. F
Striokler & Mahar, 27 Blake
GAME AND POULTRY.
(Dealers in.)
Bucklin & Clark, cor. F and Larimer
Gearv 11. H. F, nr. Larimer
Warner P. 189 F
GAS FITTERS.
Livingston & Schram, 351 Larimer
Michael H. W. & Co. 372 Larimer
Stanley & Randall, Tappan's blk.
Tritch Cieorge, 137 F
GAS FIXTURES.
(Dealers in.)
Denver Gas Co. Larimer, bet. G and II
Dongla.s J. W. 379 Larimer
Early J. R. & Co. 358 Larimer
GLASS AND QUEENS"WARE.
(Dealers in.)
Donglas J. W. 379 Larimer
Early J. R. & Co. 358 Larimer
KnoAvlton & Dickey, 140 F
NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Co.
Holds a Four Per Cent. Besprve.
Perpetual Charter and Perju-txial Scciirilii.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DENVER, C()I>()i;.\D(i.
GLOVE MANUFACTURERS.
Harlan J. H. & Co. 26 Blake
Machette Chas. C. 104 F
Shell Sam'l, 171 F
Thomas James, Wazee, bet. F and G
GLOVES-Ladies'.)
(Dealers ni.)
Dallin Chas. 352 Larimer
Daniels «te Eckhart, 357 & 359 Larimer
Deitsch & Brother, cor. Larimer and F
Doolittle J. K. 350 Larimer
\athaa S. 354 Larimer
Pierce & Moffett, (Dollar Store) Tap-
pan's blk.
GLOVES-CGents'.)
(Dealers iu.)
Daniels & Eckhart, 357 & 359 Larimer
Osgood W. T. Chiytnc's bldg. F
Peabodv D. Ct. 103 F
Pierce k Moffett, (Dollar Store) Tap-
pan's blk.
Shell S. 171 F
GRAIN DEALERS.
Brown J. S. & Brother, 4'.t Bluke
Cornforth Birks, 146 F
Miller J. A. k Co. G, bet. Blake and
Wazee
McKee & Hodgson, 57 Blake
Salomon Brothers, 150 F
Sargent & Trimble, 891 Larimer
Sprague & Webb, 271 Larimer
GROCERS.
(Wholesale.)
Alexander & Smith, F, bet. Blake and
W (I z 6 c
Brinker Isaac & Co. cor. F and Blake
Brown J. S. & Brother, 49 Blake
Cornforth Birks, 140 F
Cowell AV. 144 F
Leimer & Co. Holladay, nr. ••
Salomon Bros. 1 50 F
Snragne k Wehl), 309 Larimer
Stebbins C. M. 39 Blake
Tayler C. M. "5 Blake
Tyhon James, 138 F
308
DENVER DIRECTORY.
Don't go on a journey without an Accident
Ticket of the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
ox-' xrui.xfX'X''omi.
CASH ASSETS, HALF MILLION DOLLAK3.
$ J,UUU (^ 10 days, $2.50: 30 days, fo.OO.
Can be procured in one minute.
Crater(StCobb,Agts,,HolladaySt.,opp. Mint, Denver
GROCERS.
(Ketail.)
Alexander & Smith, 143 F
Baker & Co. o80 Larimer
Block U. Arapahoe, nr. H
Biickliil <fc Clark, Clayton's blk.
Brinkor Isaac k Co. cor. F and Blake
Coriifortli IJirks, 146 F
Cowell William, 144 F
Cook W. P. Larimer, bet. Cherry and
Ferry
Heitler E. 04 Blake
Londoner & Brother, 148 F
Mitchell & Son, 188 F
McKee & Hodgson, 57 Blake
Mortniann E. cor. Fourth and Cherr}'
Pitzer H. L. cor. Larimer and Cherry
Riethniann L. D. 200 F
Salomon Bros. 1-J6 F
Scudder & Crocker, 51 Blake
Scott AV. M. cor. H and Holladay
Smith J. W. G, bet. Blake and Wazee
Sharman John, cor. Fcurlh and Front
Steele H. D. F, bet. Larimer and Law-
rence
Schayer H. Lawrence, bet. F and G
Spragriie k Webb, 369 Larimer
Spalli F. cor. II and Blake
GUNSMITHS.
Freund k Brotlier, 24 Blake
Gove C. 12 Blake
Rood M. L. 141 F
HAIR DRESSERS.
I Ladies'.)
("one A. T. 3Irs. Larimer, nr. G
Sanderlin E. J. 374 Larimer
Stimson Anna Mrs. 3G8 Larimer
HAIR DRESSERS.
Harding & Green, 367 Larimer
John Hugo, 151 F
Lond M. -I'i Blake
Samlerjiii E. J. 374 Larimer
Scliwalbe E. Blake, nr. G
Wagner II. 0. 2^ Blake
HAIR GOODS.
I Dealers in.)
Cone A. T. Mrs. Larimer, opp. Broad-
well House
Piitz Eugenie Madame, Roper s blk.
Stimson Anna Mrs. 368 Larimer
HAIR JEWELRY.
Cone A. T. Mrs. Larimer, opp. Broad-
well House
Pierce k MofPett (Dollar Store), Tap-
pan's blk.
HARD\irARE.
(Dealers in.)
Harper & Housman, 170 F
Michael H. W. k Co. 372 Larimer
Roberts k James, 54 Blake
Tai>i)an A.- Co. Tappan's blk.
Tritch (ieorge, 137 F, cor. Wazee
HARNESSMAKERS AND SAD-
DLERS.
Armstrong k McClaskey, 147 F
Gallup & Gallatin, 5U Blake
Gottlieb Joseph, 47 Blake
Lerchen William, 53 Blake
Lobenstein W. C. & Co. cor. G and Hol-
laday
Spencer k Marchant, 62 Blake
HATTERS.
Osgood W. T, cor. G and Larimer
HATS, CAPS &. STRA\ir GOODS.
(Dealers in.)
Daniels k Eckhart, 357 & 359 Larimer
Daniels W. B. & Co. F, nr. Blake
Osgood W. T. cor. G and Larimer
Shell S. 171 F
HATS AND CAPS.
(Dealers in.)
Daniels k Eckhart, 357 & 359 Larimer
Hexter S. 106 F
Osgood W. T. cor. G and Larimer.
Peabody D. G. 163 F
Shell Samuel, 171 F
Strickler & Mahar, 25 Blake
Trounstine Phil. ("0 K"), 172 F
HAY AND GRAIN DEALERS.
Bull's Head Corral, J. L. Bailey, cor. G
and Wazee
Hartman C. R. Fourth, bet. Front and
Cherry
Jones J. S. "Red Barn," cor. F and
Wynkoop
Land Alfred, cor. F and Wynkoop
HAY SCALES.
Bull's Head Corral, cor. G and Wazee
Red Barn, J. S. Jones, prop. cor. F and
Wynkoop
TRY THE WHEELER & WILSON NOISELESS SEWIXG MACHINE.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
300
rit f i > i lit I NORTHWESTERN
lilfFflumfs fBSimiim |0- Mutual Life Insurance Company
OF CHICAGO, Ilili. Loans at 12 per cent, on Real Estate
Security.
.ASSETS, - - - $aoo,ooo I jjj^ s_ s_ ^ALLIHAN, General Agent,
REICHARD & WINNE, Agents, Denver, Colo, ' IiKNVKi:, nu.cir.Ana
HOTELS.
American House, cor. G and Blake
BtU House, Clieny, bet. Fourth and
Larimer
Broadwell Honse, S. R. Edwards, prop.
cor. G and Larinier
California House, Fourth, nr. Front
Carr House, S H. Carr, prop. F, bet.
Wazee and Wynkoop
Colorado House, 17 Blake
Denver House, IGo F
Elephant House, foot of Blake
Ford House, B. L. Ford, prop. D. P.
Ry. depot
German House, 48 Blake
Hatten House, R. L. Hatten, prop.
Lawrence, bet. G and H
Hotel Garni, F, bet. AVazee and Wynkoop
Missouri House, Mrs. C. S. Williams,
prop. Front, nr. Blake
Pennsylvania House, J. F. Stockdorf,
prop. 28 Blake
Railroad House, G, bet. Wazee and Wyn-
koop
Smith House, Fourth, nr. Front
Tremont House, L. McCarty, prop.
Front, bet. Third and Fourth
"Washington House, Conrad Trankle,
prop. F, bet. Wazee and Wynkoop
INCORPORATED COMPANIES.
Denver Horse Pwailway Co. D. A. Chever,
sec. office, cor. F and Larimer
Denver Gas Co. James Archer, pres.
office, cor. G and Larimer
Platte Water Co. F. Z. Solomon, pres.
office, 150 F
INSURANCE COMPANIES.
(Accideut.)
Railway Passenarers', Crater & Cobb,
agts. office, HoUaday, opp. Mint
Travelers' Accident, Kassler & Cram,
agts. cor. F. and Blake
INSURANCE COMPANIES.
(Life.)
American Tontine Life and Savings,
Kassler & Cram, agts. office, cor. F
and Blake
Connecticut Mutual, Geo. F. Wanless,
agt. Hussey's Bank
Continental, of New York, George II.
Waterbury, agt. Feuerstein's bMg.
Equitable, of New York, A. L. Relch-
ard, gen. agt. Roper's hlk.
Germania, Oison Brook?, gen. agt.
Larimer, bet. F and G
Globe Mutual, R. M. Jones, agt. 383
Larimer
Mutual, of New Y''ork, M. C. Sinipkins,
agt. Roper's blk. Crater & Cobb, local
agts. Holladay, opp. Jlint
Mutual, of Chicago, J. Clough, agt. 35G
Larimer.
New York Life, J. C. Anderson, agt.
office. First National Bank
Nortlnvesteru Mutual, Dr. S. S. Walli-
han, gen. agt. Clayton's bldg. cor. F
and Larimer
INSURANCE COMPANIES.
(tire.)
.Etna, of Hartford, Crater & Cobb, agts.
office, HoUaday, bet. F and G, opp.
U. S. Mint
Albany City, Kassler & Cram, agts. cor.
F and Blake
American Central, of St. Louis, Reichard
& Winne, agts. Roper's blk. G, nr.
Larimer
Atlantic, of New York, Reichard & Winne.
agts. Roper's blk. G, nr. Larimer
Continental, of Now York. Crater ..^ Cobb,
agts. office, Holladay, bet. F and G,
opp. U. S. Mint
Great Western, of Chicago, J. Clough,
agt. 856 Larimer
Hartford, Kassler & Cram, agts. cor. F
and Blake
Home, of New York, Kassler & Cram,
agts. cor. F. and Blake
Imperial, of London, Kassler & Cram,
agts. cor. F and Bhike
International, of New York, Kassler &
Cram, agts. cor. F and Blake
Insurance Co. of North America, of
Philadelphia, Crater .-i: Cobb, agts.
office, Holladay, bet. F and G, opp. L.
S. Mint .
Liverpool and London and Globe. Reich-
ard & Winne, agts. Roper's blk. G, nr.
Larimer
Lorillard, of New -iork. Reichard &.
Winne, agts.Roper'sblk.G, nr. Larimer
110
DENVER DIRECTORY.
Don't insure life or property until you read the list
of sterling companies represented by
OH-A-TEH efts GO:^^
On the upper left hand corner of the ten
preceding pages in this book.
Aggregate Assets, Sixty-five Million Dollars.
No "Shoo Fly" Companies represented.
Office, Holladay Street, opp. Mint, Denver, Col.
Manhattan, of New York, Crater & Cobb,
agts. office, Holladay, bet. F and G,
opp. U. S. Mint
Merchants', of Chicago, Reichard &
Winne, agts. Roper's blk. G, nr.
Larimer
North American, of New York, Reichard
& Winne, agts. Roper's blk. G, nr.
Larimer
Phenix, of Brooklyn, Crater & Cobb,
agts. office, Holladay, bet. F and G,
opp. U. S. Mint
Phoenix, of Hartford, Kassler & Cram,
agts. cor. F and Blake
Putnam, of Hartford, Reichard & Winne,
agts. Roper's blk. G, nr. Larimer
Republic, of Chicago, Reichard & Winne,
agts. Roper's blk. G, nr. Larimer
Security, of New York, Reichard &
Winne, agts. Roper's blk. G, nr.
Larimer
State, of Chicago, J. Clough, agt. 35G
Larimer
Underwriters' Agency, of New York,
Crater & Cobb, agts. office, Holla-
day, bet. F and G, opp. U. S. Mint
Washington, of New York, Crater &
Cobb, agts. office, Holladay, bet. F
and G, opp. U. S. Mint
Yonkers and New York, of New York,
Crater & Cobb, agts. office, Holladay,
bet. F and G, opp. U. S. Mint
IRON Ain> STEEL.
(Dealers in.)
Harper & Housman, 170 F
Michael H. W. & Co. 372 Larimer
Koberts & James, 54 Blake
Tappan & Co. Tappan's blk. F
JEWELRY DEALERS.
Brunswick S. 300 Larimer
Heuse & Crottesleben, 368 Larimer
Ingols A. B. 184 F
Pierce & Moffett (Dollar Store), Tap-
pan's blk.
Roath R. W. 348 Larimer
Roth Charles, 155 F
JEWELRY MANUFACTURERS
EninsM'iek S. 3(10 Larimer
Hense & (xottesleben, 368 Larimer
11 eyes A. G. Blake, bet. H and I
Iiigols A. B. 184F
Josliii & Park, Cheyenne (see adv't).
Roth Charles, 155 F
Roath R. W. 348 Larimer .
JUSTICES' COURTS. '
Deniston W. W. police justice. City Hall,
345 Larimer
Taylor J. S. police justice (West Denver),
Bluke, nr. Front
LAMP DEALERS.
Douglas J. W. 370 Larimer
Early J. R. & Co. 358 Larimer
Knowlton k Dickey, 142 F
McCormic A: Shallcross, 371 Larimer
LAND AGENCIES.
Clough J. ic Co. 35G Larimer
Gill A: Cass, Holladay, nr. F
Horner J. >V. & Co.
Hunt A. C. & Co. cor. E and Larimer
Johnson B. F. & Co. 356 Larimer (up
stairs)
Mathews & Reser, office, 383 Larimer
National Land Co. W. N. Byers, man-
ager, Amelia blk.
Schleier George C. 192 F
Slaugliter Wm.M. office, Clayton's blk.
Townsend W. H. office, Feuerstein's bldg.
Whitsitt 11. E. office, 193 F
"Witter Daniel, office, cor. G & Larimer
SVitter Hiram, office, Clayton's bldg.
LAND OFFICE.
(United States.)
Dugal Louis, register, office, Feuerstein's
bldg. cor. G smd Larimer
McLaughlin C. H. receiver, office, Feuer-
stein's bldg. cor. G and Larimer
LAUNDRIES.
Eagle Laundry, T. Brown, p. op. Cherry,
bet. Fourth and Larimer
McBay A. Mrs. Larimer, bet. Front and
Cherry
Yang Yaa ("Heathen Chinee"), Wazee,
bet. F and G
MILLINERS.
Babcock E. L. Mrs. 346 Larimer
Ballin C. 352 Larimer
Ermerins Bertha Mrs. 395 Larimer
Halstead Mrs Jas. Larimer, bet. G & H
Loosley A. Mrs. Lawrence, nr. I
Pntz Engenie Madame, Roper's blk.
Stillwell J. A. Mrs. 339 Larimer
MILLINERY.
(Dealers in.)
Babcock E. L. Mrs. 346 Larimer
Balliu Charles, 352 Larimer
A. Farrnr & Co., Agis. Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machines, 209 G St., Denver.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
311
REPUBLIC INSURANCE CO.
OF CHICAGO, ILL.
\nsets, over - - _ $1,300,000
COLORADO BRANCH,
REICHARD & WINNE, Managers,
DENVER, COLORADO.
Caspar C. 154 Larimer
Ermerins Bertha Mrs. 395 Larimer
Nathan S. 354 Larimer
Piitz Eugenie Madame, Roper's blk.
Rogers Ellen Mrs. cor. F and Lawrence
Samls & Kline, 360 Larimer
Stillwell J. A. Mrs. 339 Larimer
MILLS.
(Flouring.)
Excelsior, J. W. Smith & Co. props, cor.
Sixth and Arapahoe av.
Merchants, 0. W. Shackelton & Co.
props, cor. Seventh and Arapahoe av.
Rough and Ready, R. S. Little, prop.
Littleton
MILLS.
(Planing.)
Billings G. N. & Co. cor. I and Blake
Hallack E. F. HoUaday, bet. I and K
Walley J. J. cor. Front and Third
MILLS.
(VV.jolen.)
Denver Woolen Mnfg. Co. J. W. Smith,
pres. Arapahoe av. nr. Larimer .
MOULDINGS.
(Dealers in.)
Billing's G. N. & Co. cor. I and Blake
Hallack E. F. Holladay, bet. I and K
Hamilton H. H. & Co. 383 Larimer
McCune Alvin, 142 F
Welker H. cor. H and Arapahoe
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.
(Dealers in.)
Ashley E. M. cor. E and Larimer
Greenleaf L. N. & Co. 375 Larimer
Hamilton H. H. & Co. 383 Larimer
Roath R. W. 348 Larimer
Wanless George F. cor. F and Holladay
NEWS AGENTS.
Grant S. A. & Co. 383 Larimer
Kassler G. W. & Co. cor. F and Blake
Woolworth, Moflat & Clarke, 377
Larimer
NEWSPAPERS.
Daily Bulletin, (Theatre Programme)
P. J. Reid, prop.
THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL
LIFE INSUEAIICE CO.
Charges NO EXTRA PUKMIU.M ou Li ve..) uf Col-
orado Miuer«.
DR. S.S.WALLIHAN, General Agent,
liENVEK, ... COLOn.lDO.
Denver Tribune, Wooilhury & ^Valkl■r.
props. 145 F, Tribune, bldg.
Rooky Mountain Herald, 0. J. Gold-
rick, prop. Clayton's bldg. F, nr.
Larimer
Rocky Mountain Xevvs, W. N. Byers,
prop. News blk. 389 Larimer
NOTARIES PUBLIC.
Anthony W. D. County Recorder's office
Benedict M. office, 337 Larimer
Browne S. E. office, 383 Larimer
Carter AV. T.
Crater George E. Holladay, opp. U. S.
Mint
Crater David W. Tappan's blk.
Downing Jacob, office, cor. H & Larimer
France L. B. office, 389 Larimer
Horner J. W. office, 368 Larimer
Horr M. L. office. 394 Larimer
Hubbard H. W. office, 337 Larimer
Reichard A. L. office. Roper's blk.
Scllleier Geo. C. office, Larimer
Slau!?hter Wm. M. office, Clayton's
bldg.
Towusend W. H. office, Feuerstein'sblk.
Webster J. W. office, cor. G and Larimer
OYSTER DEALERS.
Bucklin & Clark, cnr. F and Larinur
Underwood I. F, nr. Larimer
Warner P. 189 F
OYSTER SALOONS.
North Chas. cor. G iuid Blake
People's Restaurant, B. L. Ford, prop.
4ii Blake
Schueler J. 37G Larimer
PAINTERS.
Gregory Jacob, Lawrence, nr. F
Klein J. F. Larimer, West Denver
Leach C. C. H7 F
Moss W. n. H, nr. Arapahoe
McCune Alvin, 142 F
Robinson & Corbett, 211 G
Tuttle J. E. cor. F and Lawrence
PAINTERS' MATERIALS.
(Dealers \a.)
Cheesman W. S. 38 Blake
Cornfortli Birks, 140 F
Douglas J. W. 379 Larimer
91 9
DENVER DIRECTORY.
.EO. E. CRATER.
CHAS. D. CODB.
CRATER & COBB,
INSURANCE ANB GENERAL A&ENTS
Notaries Public and Conveyancers,
Holladay Street, opp. Mint,
IJEWVER, - COLORA.r>0.
3Io(:une Alvin, 142 F
Roitlimaim J. J. & Co. cor. F & Larimer
Salomon Brothers, 150 F
Steinhauer & Walbrach, 32 Blake and
381 Larimer
PAPER HANGINGS.
(Dealers in.)
Kassler G. W. & Co. cor. F and Blake
McCiiue Alviu, 142 F
Robinson <& CorViett, 211 G
Woohvortli, Moffat & Clarke, 377
Larimer
PAWNBROKERS.
Chase E. 22 Blake
Goltleib Jos. 47 Blake
PERFUMERY
(Dealers iu.)
Cheesiiian W. S. 38 Blako
Dcitsch «fc Brother, cor. F and Larimer
McCorinic & Shalloro.ss, 373 Larimer
RiethiiiaiinJ. J. k Co. cor. F & Larimer
Steiiilianer & Walhraeh, 32 Blake and
381 Larimer
Pierce & Moffett, (Dollar Store) Tap-
pan's blk.
PHOTOGRAPHERS.
Chamberlain ^\. dJ. cor. G and Larimer
Danielson F. ^L 394 Larimer
Diihem Brothers, 377 Larimer
PHYSICIANS.
(See Jilso Surgeons.)
Adams L. L. office, 369 Larimer
Anderson Helene Mrs. office, Lawrence,
nr. H
Bancroft F. J. office, cor. F and Larimer
Bevan A. 1), office, 369 Larimer
Buckingham R. G. office. Cole's hlk.
Dickinson J. S. office, 357 Larimer
Dndley W. A. office, San Luis, nr. Lar-
imer
Ermerins J. office, 360 Larimer
Eisner J. office, 381 Larimer
Fletcher S. M. office, Feuerstein's bldg.
G, nr. Larimer
Gelirung E. C. office, 380 Larimer
Harding: S. W. office, California, nr.
F, r. same
Heiniberger 1). office, 381 Larimer
Justice A. L. office, 388 Larimer
Lathrop H. P. office, Blake, nr. F
Mayer-Marix M. office, 356 Larimer
McClelland W. F. office, cor. Larimer
and F, r. Curtis, bet. H and I
Stedman A. office, 394 Larimer, Roper"s
blk.
Treat S. W. office, Feuerstein's blk.
PILE DRIVERS.
(Dealers in.)
Westlake & Bntton, 1213 N.
St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
PLASTERERS.
Main,
Arapahoe, bet. G and H
Allen Austin,
Carrigan M. D
Christian W. A.
Finn J. G. A
Friel John,
Ikeman J.
Ingols E. H.
Johnson Wm. r. cor. F and Wiwatta
Lawler John, r. Sixth, nr. Cherry
Loshbough W. J.
Marron Michael,
Merriman J. F. r. Glenarm, bet. E and F
Murphy A.
Smith G. C. r. cor. 0 and Arapahoe
Stewart Henry
Thompson Phil.
Williams C. S.
PLATED "WARE.
(Dealers in.)
Donjrlas J. W. 379 Larimer
Kiunvlton & Bickev, 140 F
Pierce A; Moffett, "(Dollar Store) Tap-
pan's blk.
PLUMBERS.
Living'ston & Schram, 351 Larimer'
Michael H. W. & Co. 372 Larimer
Stanley & Randall, Tappan's blk.
PORK PACKERS.
Jones John S. ("Red Barn") cor. F
and Wynkoop
PRINTERS' SUPPLIES.
(Dealers in.)
Chain & McCartney, Feuerstein's blk.
Larimer
Grant S. A. & Co. 383 Larimer
PRODUCE DEALERS.
Bncklin <fc Clark, Clayton's bldg.
Cornforth Birks, 146 F
Sargrent & Trimble, 391 Larimer
Salomon Bros. 150 F
Sprague & Webb, 371 Larimer
MAMFACTIRERS SAY THE WHEELER & VTILSOy IS THE BEST.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
313
Anierican Central Insurance Co. ' NortliwesternMntnalLifelnsnranceCo.
OF ST. LOUIS, MO.
Assets, over - - _ ^300,000
Colorado Branch,
REICHARDiWINNE, Managers, Denver, Colorado.
PUMPS.
iDealers in.)
Westlake & Button, 1213 N. Main,
St. Louis, Mo. (see adv't.)
QUEENS-WARE & GLASSWARE
(Dealers in.)
Doug'las J. W. 379 Larimer
Early J. R. & Co. 358 Larimer
Knoivltou ic Dickey, 140 F
RAILROAD COMPANIES.
Colorado Central, office, cor. G and
Blake. J. B. Shepherd, gen. supt.
Denver and Boulder Valley. H. C. Hill,
supt.
Denver Pacific, office and depot, foot
of K. C. W. Fisher, supt.
Denver and Rio Grande, office, cor. E
and Larimer. AV. J. Palmer, prest.
Kansas Pacific, depot, foot of K, office,
American House. D. C. Dodge, gen.
agt.
Union Pacific, office, G, cor. Blake. J.
J. T. Ball, gen. agt.
RAILROAD CONTRACTORS'
SUPPLIES.
Westlake & Button, 1213 N. Main,
St. Louis. Mo. (see adv't.)
REAL ESTATE AGENTS.
Clonarll J. & Co. 356 Larimer
Gill <k Cass, office, Holladay, nr. F
Horner J. W. & Co. office, 368 Larimer
Hunt A. C. & Co. office, cor. E and
Larimer
Matthews & Reser, office, 383 Larimer
Schleier G. C. office, 192 F
Slaughter William M. office, Clayton's
bldg.
ToflTlsend W. H. office, Feuerstein's blk.
AVhitsitt R. E. office, 193 F
Witter Daniel, office, cor. G & Larimer
■\Vitter Hiram, office, cor. F & Larimer
RECORDS.
(Searchers of.)
Belden & Powers, Clayton's bldg.
Horner J. Vi. & Co. office, 368 Larimer
Mechling John, office, Clayton's bldg.
Toi^Tlsend AY. H. office, Feuerstein's blk.
Witter Daniel; Feuerstein's blk.
ASSETS, $9,000,000.00.
No Extra Rate on Liven of Mdmin. Polirles
Liberal. Losses Prumptl) Paid.
Dr. S. S. Wallihan, General Agent,
RESTAURANTS.
Canielleri >'ick, Blake, bet. G and 11
Chapman S C. G, nr. Blake
Decker D. 22 Blake
Denver City Dining- Rooms, G. T.
Breed, prop. Larimer, bet. G and II
French, F. Charpiot, prop. cor. F and
Holladay
Metropolitan, 31 Blake
People's, B. L. Ford, prop. 44 Blake
Rath George, 24 Blake
Sclirader & Co, 61 Blake
Vogel Ernest, Blake, bet. G and H
ROOFING AND SHEATHING.
(Paper — Dealers in.)
Harper & Housman, 170 F
Morrison Brothers, Blake, bet. H and I
Woolworth, Moffat k Clarke, 377
Larimer
ROOFERS-(Tin).
Harper & Housman, 170 F
Livingston & Scliram, 351 Larimer
Mayer (iJeorgre & Brotlier, 65 Blake
Michael H. W, k Co. 372 Larimer
SADDLERS.
Arnistron;? & McClaskey, 147 F
Gallup & Gallatin, 30 Blake
Lerchen William, 53 Blake
Lobenstein W. C. & Co. cor. G and Hol-
laday
Spencer & Marcliant, 02 Blake
SAFES.
(Agents for.)
Harper & Housman, 170 F
Merriman Brotliers.cor. G and Larimer
Peabody D. G. 163 F
SECOND HAND STORE.
Beatty J. W. & Co. 20 Blake
SEEDS.
(Dealers iu.)
Bucklin & Clark, cor. F and Larimer
Clieesniau W. S. 38 Blake
Cornfortli Dirks. 146 F
McCorniic A: Shallcross, 371 Larimer
Riethniann J. J. A. Co. cor. t .ml
Larimer
314
DENVER DIRECTORY.
Tie MitEal Life taraice Co.
Largest aud best in the -world.
a.sse:ts, $45,000,000, CASH
CRATER & COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denvci', Colonulo.
Salomon Brothers, 150 F
Stoiuliaiior «te Walbracli, 32 Blake and
381 Larimer
SEWING MACHINES.
(Ageiits lur.)
Farrar Arthur & Co. 209 G
MerrilJian Uros. cor. G and Larimer
Piitz Eugenie Madame, Roper's blk.
WLitebouse T. AV. cor. F and Lawrence
Williamsoa C. W. Mrs. Larimer, bet. G
and H
SILVER -WARE.
(Dealers in.)
Brunswick S. 3G0 Larimer
Boug'las J. W. 379 Larimer
Hense Hi, Gotte.sleben, 368 Larimer
Insols A. B. 184 F
Pierce k Moffctt, (Dollar Store) Tap-
pan',s blk.
Roath R. W. 348 Larimer
SKIDS.
^Vestlake & Button, 1213 N. Main,
St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
SOAP WORKS.
Bender Louis, Highlands
SOLID PUMP TUBING.
(Dealers in.)
Westlake & Button, 1213 N. Main,
St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
SPORTING MATERIALS.
(Dealers iu.)
Fround k Brotlier, 24 Blake
Gove C. 12 Blake
Greenleaf L. N. & Co. 375 Larimer
Rood M. L. 141 F
Eohert.s k James, 54 Blake
Woohvorth, Moffat & Clarke, 377
Larimer
STABLES.
(Feed and Sale.)
Bull's Head Corral, J. L. Bailey, prop.
cor. G and Wazee
Dubois L. B. G, bet. Curtis & Arapahoe
Estabrook J. H. Holladay, bet. F and G
Emigrant Corral, G. W. Bennett, prop.
F, bet. Wazee and Wynkoop
Hartman C. R. Fourth, bet. Front and
Cherry
Jones J S. ("Red Barn") cor. F and
Wynkoop
Land Alfred, cor. F and Wynkoop
Miller Louis, 1(5 Blake
AVright & Sigler, Holladay, nr. G
STABLES.
(Livery.)
Burns Wm. M. G, bet. Larimer and
Holladay
Dubois L. B. G, bet. Curtis & Arapalioe
Estabrook J. H. Holladay, bet. F and (r
Hartman C. R. Fourth, bet. Front and
Cherry
Miller Louis, IG Blake
Smith D. Tom. & Co. Holladay, bet. F
and G
Wright & Sigler, Holladay, nr. G
STAGE LINES.
Boulder Stage Line, Walter Smith,
prop, office, Holladay, bet. F and G
Colorado Stagre Co. Clarke, Bogue &
Spolswood, props. J. H. Jones, agt.
office, cor. F and Holladay
SonthernOverlandMail k Express Co.
H. B. Smith, agt. J. L. SuudersdU &
Co. props. oflBce, cor. G and Wazee
STATIONERS.
(Ketail.)
Chain & McCartney, Feuerstein's bldg.
cor. G and Larimer
Grant S. A. k Co. 383 Larimer
Kassler (i. W. k Co. cor. F and Blake
Woohvorth, Moffat & Clarke, 377
Larimer, post office bldg.
STONE TRUCKS.
We.stlake k Button, office, 1213 N.
Main, St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.j
STORAGE W^AREHOUSES.
>'ve Forwarding- Co. 41 Blake
Miller J. A. k Co. G, below Blake
Strickler k Mahar, 25 Blake
STOVES AND TINWARE.
(Dealers in.)
Harper & Housman, 170 F
Livingston k Schrani, 351 Larimer
Mayer Geo. k Brother, 05 Blake
Micliael H. W. & Co. 370 Larimer
Roberts k .Limes, 54 Blake
Tanpan k Co. Tappan's blk.
Tritch George, 137 F
SURGEONS.
Adams L. L. office, 3G9 Larimer
Bancroft F. J. office, 359 Larimer •
Bevan A. 1). office, 369 Larimer
>YHEELER & WILSON SEWIXCJ MACHINES SENT BY EXPRESS, C. 0. D.
DENVER DIRECTORY.
315
EpltaWe Life Assurance Society
OF 2Ve:"%f York:.
The Leading Life Insurance Company of the World.
EEICHAED i WINKE, General AgeEts,
HENVER, - - . COLORADO.
Dickinson J. S. office, 343 Larimer
Dudley W. A. office, cor. San Luis and
Larimer
Eisner J. office, 381 Larimer
Gehrung E. C. office, 380 Larimer
Heilllberger 1). office, 381 Larimer
Liithrop H. P. office, cor. F and Blake
•Justice A. L. office, 383 Larimer
Mayer-Marix M. office, 3.56 Larimer
McClelland W. F. office, Clayton's bldg.
r. Curtis, bet. H and I
Treat S. W. office, cor. G and Larimer
Stedman A, office, 394 Larimer
Steele H. K. office, 356 Larimer
Williams W. H. office, 3
SURVEYORS.
(See also Engineers.)
Ashley William, office, cor. E & Larimer
Boutelle Geo. V. M. office, 3-56 Larimer
Case F. M. office, Larimer, bet. F and G
Deane C. A. office, Co. Recorder's office
Ccilson S. H. office, cor. G and Lawrence
Kellogg E. H. office, cor. E and Larimer
Lessig John, office, cor. E and Larimer
Luebbers H. A. city engineer,office,143 F
Stanton F. J. office, cor. G and Larimer
Thayer H. L. office, cor. E and Larimer
TACKLE BLOCKS.
(Dealers in.)
Westlake & Button, office, 1213 N.
Main, St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
TAILORS.
Bergmann Theo.
Chick Martin, Blake, nr. Front
Christmann M. Blake, nr. Front
Hannah P. J. Tappan's bik.
Hasenbalg Theo. 149 F
Lennon J. A. & Son, 344 Larimer
Itojsenbloom I. 348 Larimer
Vila Joseph, Blake, nr. Front (West
Denver)
TEACHERS.
(Music.)
Hamilton H. H. 383 Larimer
Hart Georgie Miss, r. Stout, bet. G & H
Howe Geo. M. 394 Larimer
Schormoyer Lewis
Thayer H. L. Mrs. r. cor. E and Curtis
THE NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Company
OF MILWAUKEK, Wl^.,
Is the Zeading Zife Coini>any of the U tut.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, Gen'l Agt„ Denver.
TEACHERS.
(LaLguage.)
De Soto Jose D. (French and Spanish)
Front, bet. Sixth and Larimer
TELEGRAPH OFFICES.
Western Union Telegraph Office, 1.S2 F,
B. F. Woodward, supt.
Denver Pacific Railway & Telegraph Co.
office, cor. F and Blake
TIN AND SHEET IRON
WORKERS.
Harper & Housman, 170 F
Livingston k Schrani, 351 Larimer
Mayer tileorge ic Brotiier, O.j Blake
Michael H. Vi. k Co. 372 Larimer
Tritch George, 137 F
TOBACCO DEALERS.
Brocker F. A. 187 F
liucklin & Clark, Clayton's bldg.
Camp Z. M. 36.3 Larimer, "Red Front."
Cornforth Birks, 146 F
Cowell W. 144 F
(ilreenleaf L. X. & Co. 375 Larimer
Kassler H. Vf. k Co. cor. F and Blake
Kerr H. W. cor. F and Blake
Levy M. ^\. Koper's blk.
Riethiuann L. D. 200 F
Salomon Brothers, 150 F
Stebbins C. M. 39 Blake
Stevenson Mrs. M. 367 Larimer
Winker John, 190 F
TOY DEALERS.
Douglas J. W. 379 Larimer
Early J. K. & Co. 358 Larimer
Greenleaf L. X. & Co. 375 Larimer
Knowlton Dickey, 140 F
Pierce & Moflett, (Dollar Store) Tap-
pan's blk.
TRUCKS.
Westlake & Biiltoii, 1213 N. JLiin.
St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
TURNERS.
Billings Geo. N. & Co. cor. I and IMake
Hallack E. F. Holladay, bet. I and Iv
Welker H. H, nr. Arapahoe
31G
DENVER DIRECTORY.
THE ilTNA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY
JKir Assets, nearly six million dollars.'SSft
Losses p.-iiil, $27,000,000 in 51 years.
NEEDS NO COMMENDATION.
Crater & Cobb, Agents, Holladay Street,
Oj^p. Mint, Denver, Col.
UNDERTAKERS.
Mai,niire M. V. k Brotlier, 185 F
Smith & Doll, 27 Blake
UPHOLSTERERS.
Ma^iiire M. C. & Bro. 185 F
Smith & Boll, 27 Blake
UNITED STATES OFFICES.
Assessor Internal Revenue, D. Witter,
assessor, cor. G and Larimer
Collector Internal Revenue, J. H. Morri-
son, collector, cor. F and Holladay
Commissary of Subsistence, Capt W. A.
Elderkin, C. S., U. S. A., 356 Larimer
Court United States District, M. Hallet,
chief justice, office, post office bldg.
Land Office, L. Dugal, register, C. II.
McLaughlin, receiver, office, Tappan's
blk.
Marshal, M. A. Shaflfenberg, office, Lari-
mer, bet. F and G
Mint, U. S. Branch, J. F. L. Schirmer,
Bupt. cor. G and Holladay
Post Office, H. P. Bennef, postmaster,
377 Larimer
Surveyor General's Office, Wm. H. Lessig,
surveyor general, cor. E and Larimer
VARIETY STORES.
(Proprietors of.)
Bell A. G. cor. Larimer and Cherry,
(West Denver)
fireenlcaf L. N. & Co. 375 Larimer
Harlan J. H. & Co, 26 Blake
Kerce & Molfett, (Dollar Store) Tap-
pan's blk.
VENTILATORS.
(Dealers iu.)
Michael H. IV. & Co. 372 Larimer
VINEGAR FACTORIES.
(Proprietors of.)
Harlan J. H. & Co. 26 Blake
Schayer H. Lawrence, bet. F and G
WAGON MAKERS.
Grigs & Dimmer, cor. F and Wynkoop
Lare & Bradburn, 151 F
Malony John, cor. F and AVynkoop
Maxey J. J. 153 F
Post E. J. & Co. 145 F, bet. Wazee and
Wynkoop
Simmons P. A. cor. F and Wynkoop
Wcebpr A. & Co. Ferry, bet. Fourth and
Larimer
'WAREHOUSE AND STORE
HOISTS.
(Dealers in.)
Westlake & Button, office, 1213 N.
Main, St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
TVATCHMAKERS AND
JEWELERS.
Brnn.SWiok S. 360 Larimer
Courvoisier A. 397 Larimer
Haiick C. C. 374 Larimer
Ilt'iise k (iJottcsleben, 368 Larimer
liijrols A. B. 184 F
Joslin ii Park, (Cheyenne)
Both Chas. 155 F
Roalh K. N. 348 Larimer
Shoenfeld & Son, 353 Larimer
WATER AND DITCH
COMPANIES.
Denver Water Co. James Archer, pres.
office, Archer's bldg. Larimer
Farmers' Irrigating Canal Co.
Platte Water Co. Fred. Z. Salomon, pres.
150 F
W^HEELBARROW^S.
(Dealers in.)
^Vestlake & Button, 1213 N. Main,
St. Louis, Mo. (see advt.)
WHEELWRIGHTS.
(ling's & BininuT, cor. F. atid Wynkoop
Kinsey & Ellis, cor. F and Wazee
Lare & Bradburn, 151 F
Malony John, cor. F and Wynkoop
Maxey John J. 153 F, cor. Wazee
Post E. J. & Co. 145 F, bet. Wazee and
Wynkoop.
Simmons P. A. cor. F and Wynkoop
W^HIP MANUFACTURERS.
Lerchen Wm. 53 Blake
Spencer k Marcliant, 62 Blake
WINES.
(Dealers iu.)
Cowell Wm. 144 F
Levy M. W. Roper's blk. cor. G and
Larimer
McCormic & Sliallcros.s, Larimer, bet.
F and G
Riothmann J. J. k Co. cor F & Larimer
Salomon Brothers, 150 F
Steinhaiier k Walbrach, 32 Blake and
381 Laiimer
Walker W. S. & Co. 378 Larimer
Tlie WHEELER & WILSOX SETmtf MACHINE does aH kind of Work.
DENVER DIRECTOR!.
;i7
|«tBoinfo$iiro«ce|oiwH!! I northwestern mutual life
HARTFORD, CONN.
EEICHARD & WINNE, Agents,
PEXVER, - - - COLORADO.
WOODEN & WII.LOW WARE.
(Dealers in.)
Brocker F. 187 F
Biicklin & Clark, Clajton's blJg.
Cornforth Birks, H6 F
Douglas J. W. 379 Larimer
Early J. R. & Co. 358 Larimer
Londoner & Brother, 148 F
Salomon Brothers, 150 F
Spragiie k Webb, 371 Larimer
Stebbins C. M. 39 Blake
Tajier C. M. Blake, nr. G
W^OOLEN MILLS.
Denver Woolen ManufaetJirin;? Co.
Smitli and Winterbottoni, props. Ara-
pahoe av. nr. Larimer
W^OOL AND HIDES.
(Dealers in.)
Alexander & Smith, 143 F
IXSURAXCK CO.
Combines Eastern prudence in vianaijeinvnt
ivith M'estern rates on its investments.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DEymjl, COLORADO.
Clough John, 356 Larimer
Lobenstein W. C. cor. G and Holladay
Salomon Brothers, 150 F
Tynon James, 138 F, cor. Wazce
YANKEE NOTIONS.
(Dealers in.)
Chain & McCartney,' cor. G and Larimer
Ballin Charles, 352 Larimer
Daniels k Eokhart, 357 & 359 Larimer
Deitseh «fe Brother, cor. F and Larimer
Doolittle J. K. 350 Larimer
Grant S. A. & Co. 38o Larimer
Kassler George W. k Co. cor. F and
Blake
Nathan S. 354 Larimer
PeabodyD. G. 163 F
Pierce k Moifett, (Dollar Store) Tap-
pan's blk.
Woohvorth, Moffat k Clarke, 377
Larimer
§w|[#xieaii
THE OLDEST A>D LARGEST P.\PER IX THE TEKUITORY.
PUBLISHED DAILY AND AVEEKLY AT
SANTA FE, - - - - NEW MEXICO.
Daily Xew Mexican, per aununi, . . - - STJ.iiO
Weekly " " .... 0.00
j9!5-Shorter subscription.s iu proportion. Term.s, invariably in uJvaMc<-.-t.»
As we have the best job office in the Territory, Ave can do nil kinds of .loii
PRINTING BETTER, CHEAPER and QUICKEB than any other esUiblislinifnt Ux tho
Territory.
MANDERFIELD & TUCKER,
Proprietors and Ptthlishrrs,
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY.
THE
siDM
0 tiirctits^m
% r-
PUBLISHED WEEKLY,
GEORGE WEST, Editor and Proprietor.
The Transcript has a good circulation throughout
the Territory and the States, and is an excellent advertising
medium.
Special attention given to local and territorial news.
Per annum «4 do
For six months 2 50
Connected with the establisliment is a well furnished Job Office.
GOLDEN DIRECTORY.
GOLDEN.
This is one of the oldest and among the most prosperous cities of Colo-
rado. Its location was chosen by gulch miners early in 1859, before the
discovery of gold in the mountains. Its early growth in population and
general importance was extremely rapid. It was for some time the principal
city, as well as the capital of the Territory, and still maintains a proud posi-
tion among Colorado cities, and may eventually rival the 'largest in wealth
and population.
The location is remarkable for the beauty and grandeur of its surround-
ings, and possesses unusual advantages, which will assuredly make it one of
the first manufacturing cities of the great West. This is on Clear creek,
between where it debouches from the foot-hills, and its final exit to the plains
through the " Golden gate." Except these openings made by the creek, the
site is surrounded^by mountains on all sides. These do not reach any great
elevation, but their formations are peculiarly beautiful and pictures(|ne.
They are not generally covered with forests, but are clothed with grasses, only
where the rocky strata present their bare outlines against a beautiful Colorado
sky. Where the city is built in the valley of Clear creek the fall of tiiat
stream is about sixty-five feet per mile, and the supply of water sufficient at
all seasons to drive any amount of machinery.
Besides this manufacturing advantage, there is in the city limits, and
surrounding them, immense coal mines, already extensively worked; large
deposits of fire and potter's clay, and quarries of excellent lime and building
stone. Already these manufacturing advantages have attracted the atten-
tion of capitalists, and there is now in active operation in Golden a tannery,
foundry, paper-mill, brewery, and an extensive pottery and fire-brick manu-
factory; three yards for the manufacture of ordinary brick, and three flour-
ishing flour-mills. The supply of wheat for the flouring-mills is abundant
from die agricultural districts near Golden, in Jefferson county, as is also the
supply of barley for the brewery.
The abundance of cheap fuel, fire-clay and superior water-powers at Golden,
together with its proximity to the gold districts of Gilpin and lioulder coun-
ties, make it a suitable point for the erection of extensive reduction work.^.
for the treatment of all grades of Colorado ores, and no doubt these will soon
be added to the manufacturing industries of this favored city.
This place is at present the terminus of the Colorado Central railway,
and the starting point of the Colorado Stage Co.'s stages for IJlack Hawk
Central, Nevada, Idaho Springs and Georgetown. It is the county seat an.
principal town of Jefferson county, and the home of the best edueational
institute in the Territory, Jarvis' Hall— which is noticed elsewhere— as are
;ill its educational and religious advantages.
320 GOLDEN DIRECTORY.
Besides the usual mercantile and manufacturing business of Golden,
slaughtering and shipping cattle East by car loads are assuming considerable
importance. The gross price paid for Texas cattle in the fall of 1870, was
from 3 to 3| cents per pound; for American cattle, 4 cents. Preparations
for a large increase in this business are being made, and no doubt the returns
from this in 1871, will be considerable.
The condition of all business and manufacturing enterprises in the city
at this time, is prosperous, and prospects for the future most favorable. The
fact of present railroad connection by the Colorado Central eastward, and
the probability of western connection ere long, is benefitting the city mate-
rially.
The lot of the citizens in this beautiful city is cast in pleasant places
truly, and their town lots for building and business purposes, vary in price
from ^50 to $1,000; these are 50x140 feet, all in the valley, and most desir-
able building locations.
The site of Golden is in the northern central portion of Jeflferson county,
fifteen miles west of Denver; its elevation above sea level, 5,882 feet. It is
needless to add that its climate is healthful, and the air clear and invigorat-
ing; these follow its location in Colorado.
J
GOLDEN DIRECTORY.
321
GOLDEN DIRECTORY.
ABBOTT CHARLES S. prop. Golden
House, cor. Arapahoe and Third
Adams W. H. laborer, r. Platte, nr. Ford
Ahlstrom A. lab r. Fii-st, nr. Arapahoe
Ahlstrom Lena Miss, waiter, Overland
House
Allen George, blacksmith, r. Platte, bet.
Arapahoe and Cheyenne
Ambrose N. schoolteacher, r. head of
Ford
Anderson , hostler, Overland House
Anderson A. P. paper maker, bds. cor.
Washington av. and Platte
Anderson Annie, domestic, with Henry
Nutt
Anderson C. J. paper maker, bds. cor.
Washington av. and Platte
Anderson Eda, domestic, with W. A. H.
Loveland
Anderson Joseph, physician and sur-
geon, ofiBce, Platte, bet. Ford and Miner
Andrews John, blacksmith, cor. Water
and Ford
Armor, Harris & Co. general merchan-
dise, cor. Washington av. and Second
Armor John (Armor, Harris & Co.), r.
cor. Washington av. and Second
Armor Wm. (Armor, Harris & Co.), cor.
Washington av. and Second
Arnold Richard, farmer, r. Platte, nr.
Ford
Astor House, S. Lake, prop. cor. Arapa-
hoe and Second
Austin , contractor, bds. Astor
House
BARBEAN S. miller, bds. First, bet.
Washington av. and Arapahoe
Bacon G. W. clerk, with Patrick & Co.
cor. First and Washington av.
Bacon M. (Patrick & Co.), general mer-
chandise, cor. Washington av. and
First
Baptist Church, cor. Miner and Second
Baird A. B. r. Platte, bet. Arapahoe and
Cheyenne
Baird S. M. attorney at law, r. Platte,
bet. Arapahoe and Cheyenne
21
Barber 0. F. prop. Rock flouring mills,
head of Arapahoe
Barnes David, prop, flouring mill, cor.
Water and Ford
Bailer Chas. lab. r. cor. Ford and Platte
Ballon E. B. prop, restaurant, cor. Water
and Platte
Berry Charles, laborer, Golden City Pot-
tery, bds. with T. Nixon
Bennett C. H. bricklayer, r. Second, bet.
Arapahoe and Cheyenne
Benson Carrie, chambermaid. Overland
House
Benson Christine Miss, domestic, with
S. W. Fisher
Benson Nelse, tailor, cor. Arapahoe and
First
Benson Tilda, waiter. Overland House
Beesher J. W. hostler, bds. Railroad
House
Berthoiid Ed. L. civil engineer, ofiice
and r. First, liet. Washington av. and
Miner
Bedwell John, teamster, bds. Astor House
Beckenboupt L welldigger, cor. Garrisoa
and Ford
Bell , laborer, C. C. R. R.
Bell Henry, prop. Pottery and Fire
Brick Works, cor. Washington av. and
AVater
Bell Wm. cook, Astor House
Birch T. carpenter, r. First, bet. Wash-
ington av. and miner
Blake Joseph, miner, Hazelton Coal and
Mining Co.
Blank Joseph, miner, bds. Railroad
House
Boland C. laborer, r. cor. Ford and Sixth
Bosse C. carpenter, r. Washington av.
bet. Platte and Water
Boutwell J. S. carpenter, r. cor. Garri-
son and Ford
Boyd J. T. engineer, t. Fourth, bet.
Washington av. and Miner
Boyd L. carpenter, bds. Overland House
Bradlev W. C. blacksmith, cor. Foni and
Second, r. cor. Ford and Fiftli
Browlee J. miner, bds. Railroad House
322
GOLDEN DIRECTORY.
OF NEW YORK.
Cash Security, Four Million Dollars. Large Lines,
Liberal Rates, Fair Adjustments.
cra.'te:!?. & coi$i5, A^ets.,
Holladay Street, opp. Mint,
DENVER, - - - COLORADO.
Brady Thomas, miller, r. kead of Platte
Brou & Kroenig (L. T. Bron and C.
Kroenig), props. Golden City Brewery,
cor. Water and Ford
Brown Ed. bds. Astor House
Bristol N. carpenter, bds. Astor House
Burke Jas. miner, Hazelton Coal and
Mining Co.
Burgess T. W. r. Ford, bet. Water and
Platte
Butler John, laborer, bds. Astor House
Burnett D. C. blacksmith, bds. cor.
Washington av. and Platte
Bush Chas. r. cor. Arapahoe and Third
Bush John J. contractor, r. cor. Arapa-
hoe and Third
/CATHOLIC CHURCH, cor. Ford and
\J Fourth
Cameron J. Miss, waiter. Railroad House
Carpenter C. C. deputy clerk, second
judicial district, office, cor. Washing-
ton av. and Second
Carter T. J. pres. Colorado Central R. R.
bds. Golden House
Carter T. J. & Co. bankers, cor. Wash-
ington av. and Second
Campbell J. A. carpenter, bds. cor.
Washington av. ami Platte
Carson George, laborer, bds. Astor House
Cassady Robt. lab. bds. with Wm. Ryan
Chamberlain H. butcher. Ford, bet. First
and Second
Cheney P. B. grocer, etc. Washington
■^ av. bet. First and Second
Chinn R. W. ranchman, r. foot of Second
City Restaurant, C. Garbereno, prop.
AVashington av. bet. Second and Third
Clark C. A. groceries and provisions,
Washington av. bet. First and Second
Colbert AV. M. miner. Golden City Pot-
tery Works
Colorado Central Railroad, depot, foot
of AVall
Couch AV. saloonkeeper, cor. Washington
av. and Platte
Cox J. miner, Hazelton Coal and Mining
Co. ^
Coyne P. J. barber, r. cor Garrison and
Ford
Crawford B.C. eounty clerk and notary
public, office, cor. AVashington av. and
Second
Crippin Thomas, blacksmith, r. Fourth,
bet. Miner and Ford
Crisman & Fitzpatrick, planing and
flour mill, cor. Arapahoe and First
Crisman Obid (Crisman & Fitzpatrick),
r. cor. Arapahoe and First
Cross James C. carpenter, r. First, bet.
Ford and Miner
Curry J. H. mason, bds. Golden House
Curry P. miner, bds. Railroad House
Custer C. A. potter, bds. cor. AA'ashing-
ton and AA'ater
DALRYMPLE AV. r. cor. Washington
av. and Fifth
Davis Chas. lab. r. cor. Ford and Fifth
Davison S. teamster, r. Ford, bet. First
and Second
Danforth C. H. postmaster, r. cor.
Washington av. and Third
Dennison H. laborer, Golden City Pot-
tery and Fire Brick AVorks
Deaver J. F. miner, r. cor. Ford and
Fifth
Devern J. laborer, bds. with W. M. Ryan
De France A. H. attorney at law, office,
cor. AVashington av. and Second
Dickson C. blacksmith, cor. Ford and
Second
Dillon Ed. blacksmith, cor. Garrison and
Ford
Doolittle T. S. prop. C. C. livery stable,
cor. Miner and Third
Dollison & Townsend (G. AV. Dollison
and A. Townsend), butchers, AA'ashing-
ton av. bet. Second and Third
Dodge Henry, barkeeper, with J. S. Hill
ELLIOTT HENRY, machinist, bds.
First, bet. AVashington av. and
Arapahoe
Ender J. R. watchmaker, bds. cor.
Washington av. and Platte
Episcopal Clinrch, cor. Arapahoe and
Third
Everett F. E. cashier, T. J. Carter &
Co.'s bank, cor. AVashington av. and
Second, bds. Golden House
FAIRBAIRN D. laborer, bds. Railroad
House
Fall D. AV. clerk, with C. A. Clark
Farrall Frank, printer, bds. Astor House
Faulkner Clarence W. groceries, feed,
flour, etc. cor. Ford and First
Fisher S. AV. manager for H. Nutt,
clothing, etc. AVashington av. bet.
First and Second
Fisher W. L. barkeeper for L. Garbereno
Fitzpatrick J. B. (Crisman & Fitzpat-
rick), planing and flouring mills, cor.
Arapahoe and First
All WHEELER & WILSON Sewing Machines Warranted for Fire Years.
GOLDEN DIRECTORY,
323
MAmraFM™^ MllmM llMl Life
OF NEW YORK.
ASSJETS, _ . . . $800,000
Reichard & AVlnne, Agents,
BilNVii, - - - eOLQR&BO.
Fleggan Louis, engineer, Hazelton Coal
and Mining Co.
Foster G. J. carpenter, bds. Railroad
House
Frisbie Ben. molder, Golden City Pot-
tery and Brick Works
GARDINER STEPHEN, shoemaker.
Second, bet. Miner and Ford
Gardiner B. N. carpenter, r. Platte, bet.
Miner and Ford
Gardiner Wm. miner, bds. cor. Platte
and Ford
Garbereno Chas. prop. City restaurant,
Washington av. bet. Second and Third
Garbereno Louis, saloonkeeper, Wash-
ington av. bet. First and Second
Gaskill H. A. miner, bds. Railroad House
Givens Dudley, bookkeeper, bds. Miner,
bet. Second and Third
troldeu City Pottery and Fire Brick
Works, M. C. Kirby, supt. head of
First
Golden City Brewery, Bron & Kroenig,
props, cor. Ford and Water
Golden House, Chas. S. Abbott, prop,
cor. Arapahoe and Third
Gorman J. H. clerk, Johnson House
Gorman Joseph, freighter, bds. cor.
Platte and Ford
Grant Thomas, freighter, r. cor. Gar-
rison and Ford
Gray G. laborer, C. C. R. R. depot
Green Chas. printer, bds. Astor House
Guy Sam. laborer, C. C. R. R. depot
HADDEN GEORGE, foreman, Hazel-
ton Coal and Mining Co.
Hammond E. bricklayer, r. cor. Miner
and Fourth
Harris A. C. paymaster, C. C. R. R. bds.
cor. Garrison and Ford
Harris R. H. (Armor, Harris & Co.),
general merchandise, cor. Washington
av. and Second
Harrison D. E. r. Washington av. bet.
Second and Third
Harsh Levi, physician and surgeon, r.
cor. Arapahoe and Wall
Hahn J. stonemason, bds. cor. Washing-
ton av. and Platte
Hansbro , carpenter, bds. Washing-
ton av. bet. Platte and Water
INSURANCE CO.
Batlo of expense to income in 1S70, onlj 14.81.
I>r. S. S. Wallihan, General Agent,
DENVEK, COLORADO.
Hawkett Wm. saloonkeeper, bds. Rail-
road House
Hawkins W. contractor, bds. Astor
House
Haynes M. S. silversmith, bds. Astor
House
Hebron Henry, miner, Hazelton Coal
and Mining Co.
Hendricks W. C. r. Platte, bet. Miner
and Ford
Hendrickson J. G. grocer, etc. Washing-
ton av. bet. Second and Third
Hennegar John, carpenter, rooms cor.
Garrison and Arapahoe
Hennegar Wm. clerk, with 0. F. Barber
Hepner W. r. Washington av. bet. Platte
and Water
Higby G. B. farmer, r. cor. Ford and
Fourth
Hill J. S. saloonkeeper, Washington av.
bet. Second and Third
Hiney H. bds. Golden House
Honess M. master mechanic, C. C. R. R.
bds. cor. Garrison and Ford
Hood J. S. laborer, bds. with T. Nixon
Howard A. C. saloonkeeper, cor. Ford
and First, bds. Johnson House
Howell H. M. prop. Overland House,
Washington av. bet. First and Second
Hoyt C. P. bds. Johnson House
Huddloston S. F. agt. Northwestern
Mutual Life Insurance Co. r. .Miner,
bet. Second and Third
Hurlburt H. A. r. Platte, bet. Ford and
Miner
JAMESON A. deputy county clerk, bds.
Overland House
Jarvis HaH, half mile s. Golden City
Jennison Mary B. Mrs. r. cor. Arapahoe
and Second
Jewett E. H. livery stable, hacks, etc.
r. cor. Jliner and First
Johnson A. millinery. Second, bet, Wash-
ington av. and Miner
Johnson Frederick, laborer, bds. cor.
Ford and Sixth
Johnson House, J. M. Johnson, prop.
cor. Ford and Second
Johnson J. miner, bds. cor. Washington
av and Platte
Johnson J. 0. laborer, bds. cor. >Va9h-
ington av. and Platte
324
GOLDEN DIRECTORY.
taraice Co. of Ml Aierica
OF PHILADELPHIA.
Oldest Company in the United States. Caeh Assets,
nearly Three Million Dollars. Fire Losses paid,
$24,000,000 in 76 years. Ability for future
service unimpaired.
Crater &. Cobb, Agents, Holladay Street, opp. Mint,
Johnson J. M. prop. Johnson House,
cor. Ford and Second
Johnson J. M. Jr. bds. Johnson House
Johnson T. C. variety store, Washington
av. bet. Second and Third
Jones W. lab. r. cor. Garrison and Ford
Judkius C. H. saloonkeeper, Washing-
ton av. bet. First and Second
Judkins R. Mrs. (widow), r. First, bet.
Ford and Miner
Judkins W. W. saloonkeeper, Washing-
ton av. bet. First and Second
KELLY J. physician and surgeon,
drug store, Washington av. bet.
First and Second
Ketter Phil, miner, Hazelton Coal and
Mining Co.
Kilbaugh J. miner, bds. head of Ford
Kilbaugh Zadac, supt. Mammoth Mining
Co. r. head of Fourth
Kimball Geo. H. carpenter, r. cor. Miner
and Garrison
Kimball Geo. K. freight agt. C. C. R. R.
depot, r. Arapahoe, bet. Garrison and
Platte
King John, carpenter, bds. Aster House
Kinsey Peter, engineer. Golden City Pot-
tery, head of Second
Kirby M. C. supt. Golden City Pottery
and Fire Brick Works, supt. public
schools, r. cor. Washington av. and
Platte
Kirch J. N. saddler, bds. cor. Ford and
Second
Kite John, miner, Hazelton Coal and
Mining Co.
Klaus Joe. teamster, Golden City Pot-
tery, head of Second
Kline J. H. laborer, r. head of Platte
Kourtz L. laborer, C. C. R. R. depot
Krauter David, laborer, C. C. R. R. depot
Kroenig C. (Bron & Kroenig), Golden
City Brewery, cor. Water and Ford
LA GRANGE J. H. miner, Hazelton
Coal and Mining Co.
Lake Carlos, bds. Astor House
Lake Charles, bds. Astor House
Lake Setb, prop. Astor House, cor. Ara-
pahoe and Second
Langworthy T. H. shoemaker, r. Wash-
ington av. bet. Water and Platte
Lawson C. teamster, bds. cor. Fourth
and Sixth
Leach H. S. saloonkeeper, cor. Ford and
First, bds. Johnson House
Le Cavalier J. E. carpenter, bds. Platte,
bet. Miner and Ford
Lee H. engineer, bds. Railroad House
Lee Samuel, master mechanic, Golden
City Pottery and Fire Brick Works
Lichtenheld R. barber, AVashington av.
bet. First and Second
Lind , rector, St. John's Episcopal
Church, bds. cor. Arapahoe & Second
Livermore R. Mrs. chambermaid, Golden
House
Lomax A. P. carpenter, bds. cor. Wash-
ington av. and Platte
Lomax E. L. carpenter, cor. GarrisoD
and Ford
Loveland, Welch & Nutt, forwarding and
commission merchants, C. C. R. R.
depot
Loveland W. A. H. (Loveland, Welch &
Nutt) r. cor. Arapahoe and Fourth
Lovell W. H. carpenter, bds. Railroad
House
Lyden P. blacksmith, bds. cor. Ford and
Sixth
Lyons J. B. prop. Railroad House, Ford,
bet. First and Second
ME. CHURCH, cor. Washington
, av. and Fourth
Maltby E. B. agt. Hazelton Coal and
Mining Co. bds. City restaurant
Maguire Wm. section overseer, C. C R.
R. depot
Mann J. attorney at law, probate judge,
office, cor. Washington av. and Third
Marr Wm. molder, Golden City Pottery
Marksbury J. P. miner, r. First, bet.
Washington av. and Arapahoe
Masonic Hall, cor. Washington av. and
Second
Maynard D. bds. Johnson House
Mayne Ben. miner, Hazelton Coal and
Mining Co.
McCarty John, laborer, bds. Astor House
McClellan V/m. E. Wells, Fargo & Co.
and stage agt. bds. Overland House
McCormic T. B. clerk, with Armor,
Harris & Co. cor. Washington av. and
Second
McDonald Wm. lab. bds. with T. Nixon
McFarland J. W. miner, r. Ford, bet.
First and Second
McGrath M. J. miner, Hazelton Coal
and Mining Co.
McHolland C. B. saloonkeeper, cor Ford
and Water
McLaughlin David, laborer, bds. with
Wm. Ryan
No charge for repairing Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machiues. 209 G St.. Den vor.
GOLDEN DIRECTOKY.
325
OWNERS OF QUAI|TZ MILLS
Will find it to their advantage to consult
Insurance Agents,
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
McLaughlin D. carpenter, r. First, bet.
Washington av. and Arapahoe
McNeil S. printer, bds. Overland House
Mellen B. butcher, Ford, bet. First and
Second
Mellen James, butcher, Ford, bet. First
and Second
Merrill J. W. bds. Golden House
Milligan Robert, carpenter, r. cor. Ara-
pahoe and Wall
Millington A. S. Mrs. school teacher,
cor. Washington av. and Fifth
Millinglon F. E. pastor, M. E. Church,
cor. Washington av. and Fourth
Miller John, carpenter, bds. with T.
Nixon
Miller Chas. laborer, C. C. R. R. depot
Miller G. H, carpenter, r. head of Ford
Miller John D. carpenter, Hazelton Coal
and Mining Co.
Miller Wm. miner, Hazelton Coal and
Mining Co.
Mills G. H. bookkeeper, with Loveland,
Welch & Nutt, r. cor. Ford and Fourth
Moflfett J. H. sash, doors and blinds,
Washington av. bet. Second and Third
Moore Chas. miner, r. foot of Wall
Moore J. M. physician and surgeon,
r. head of First
Moore Thomas C. laborer, Golden City
Pottery
Moore J. L. freighter, r. head of Platte
Monroe S. cook, bds. Overland House
Montgomery John Gr. (Nye Forwarding
Co.), office, cor. Ford and Water
Morris A. T. shoemaker, Second, bet.
Miner and Ford
Morris J. W. saloonkeeper, cor. Ford
and Platte
Moulton Julia Miss, bds. Overland House
Murphy J. laborer, C. C. R. R. depot
Myers Peter, lab. Golden City Pottery
"l^ASH DELOS B. bds. Golden House
Noble Thomas, farmer, r. C. C. R. R.
depot
Norquist Nels, lab. r. First, nr. Arapahoe
Nixon Thomas, farmer, r. First, bet.
Washington av. and Miner
Nutt Henry (Loveland, Welch & Nutt),
forwarding and commission merchants,
office, C. C. R. R. depot
THE
Is the leading Life Agency west of
the Missouri.
Business in Colorado excrrds that of all other
companies combined.
BE. S. S. 'WALLIEAIT, General Agent, Denver.
Nye ForAvarding ami Coininission ( o.
J. G. Montgomery, office, cor. FoiJ
and Water
O'NEIL JOHN, laborer, bds. cor. Ford
and Sixth
Ogden W. P. check clerk, C. C. K. R.
depot
Olaf L. miner, Hazelton Coal and Min-
ing Co.
Olsen Clara, domestic, with Charles
Phelps
Osborne E. T. r. Fourth, bet. Washing-
ton av. and Miner
Osborne Mary A. Mrs. school teacher,
cor. AVashington av. and Fifth
Osborne William, laborer, bds. cor. Miner
and Third
Osborne William, clerk, with H. Nutt,
Washington av. bet. First antl Second
Ozborn Daniel, r. First, bet. Washington
av. and Miner
PAGE JOHN, wagonmaker, bds. Aster
House
Parsons J. H. contractor and builder,
r. Second, cor. Cheyenne
Parker H. J. machinist, r. Platte, bet.
Washington av. and Miner
Patterson A. 0. attorney at law, r. Wash-
ington av. bet. First and Second
Patrick S. G. & Co. general merchandise,
cor. Washington av. and First
Peedie A. railroad contractor, bds. Gold-
en House
Pepper George W. conductor, C. C. R. R.
Person Presley, cook. Overland House
Perrin T. blacksmith, lids. Overland
House
Peterson George H. lumber dealer, bds.
Railroad House
Phelps C. H. r. cor. Washington sv. and
Fifth
Phillips Rachel, waiter. Railroad Mouse
Pick Chas. laborer, bds. Astor House
Pipe John, clerk, with Loveland, Welch
& Nutt, bds. Johnson House
Platte Wm. farmer, r. cor. Washington
av. and Platte
Post Office, cor. Washington av. and
Third
Pratt A. r. Garrison, bet. Ford and East
326
GOLDEN DIRECTORY.
CONTINEmLFIEE INSURANCE CO.
OX^ JV:ETT' JTOJFIXC.
Cash Assets, nearly Three Million Dollars. Poli-
cies on the Participation Plan. Holders share in
the profits without liability. For particulars and
policies in this sterling company, apply to
CRATER & COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado-
Pratt H. M. teamster, bds. Ford, bet.
First and Second
Purkins G. W. attorney at law, r. cor.
Arapahoe and Fourth
QUAINTANCE W. P. miner, bds. Rail-
road House
Quinn Frank, Golden City Brewery, cor.
Ford and Water
RAILROAD HOUSE, J. B. Lyons,
prop. Ford, bet. First and Second
Raiser Lou. miner, Hazelton Coal and
Mining Co.
Raymond G. S. surveyor, r. cor. Arapa-
hoe and First
Reay Wm. blacksmith, r. cor. Ford & Fifth
Reed Ben. freighter, bds. Railroad House
Reed P. S. roadmaster C. C. R. R.
Remington J. C. blacksmith, r. Arapa-
hoe, bet. Second and Third
Rennick Henry, miner, Hazelton Coal
and Mining Co.
Reynolds N. P. surveyor, r. cor. Ford
and Third
Reynolds R. miner, bds. Railroad House
Rhoads J. carpenter, bds. Railroad House
Ring W. T. surveyor, bds. Railroad House
Rillgwalt J. p. (Nye Forwarding Co.),
ofSce, cor. Ford and Water
Richards W. H. foreman. Golden City
Pottery and Fire Brick Works
Robinson J. blacksmith, cor. Garrison
and Ford
Rollins Isaac, saloonkeeper, cor. Ford
and Water
Rowell L. D. attorney at law, office, cor.
Washington av. and Third, bds. Astor
House
Ryan Wm. laborer, r. foot of Platte
S AFFORD . REY. bds. Astor
House
Sales N. G. physician and surgeon, r.
cor. Ford and Fourth
Samuels Wm. teamster, bds. cor. Ford
and Sixth
Sarell W. M. B. tinsmith, Second, bet.
Miner and Ford
Schamel & McClaskey, saddlers and har-
ness makers, cor. Ford and Second
Schamel J. S. (Schamel & McClaskey)
r. cor. Ford and Second
Schenck J. H. cook. Golden House
Schultz J. miner, Hazelton Coal and Min-
ing Co.
Scott James S. contractor, r. Third, bet.
Miner and Ford
Sliafllier H. J. Rer. r. cor. Fifth & Miner
Sheldon F. F. bookkeeper, bds. cor.
Washington av. and Platte
Shepherd J. B. supt. C. C. R. R. bds.
cor. Garrison and Ford
Sherman Charles, miner, Hazelton Coal
and Mining Co.
Shirley John, laborer, bds. head of Platte
Short W. H. Washington av. bet. First
and Second
Singer J. P. surveyor, bds. Golden House
Smith E. r. cor. Ford and Third
Smith J. A. blacksmith, cor. Water and
Ford
Smith J. H. blacksmith, bds. Railroad
House
Smith J. W. cook, C. C. R. R. depot
Smith James, lab. bds. Railroad House
Smith Julia, waiter, Railroad House
Smith M. plasterer, r. cor. Arapahoe
and Garrison
Smith T. J. printer, bds. Overland House
Snodgrass John, carpenter, r. First, bet.
Washington av. and Miner
Soper Frank, furniture dealer, bds. Gold-
en House
Spearing John, laborer, bds. Astor House
Stevens H. teamster, r. head of First
Stokes Samuel S. miner, bds. Railroad
House
Sullivan J. R. ranchman, bds. Railroad
House
Sullivan James, printer, bds. Overland
House
TALLMANN A. laborer, r. cor. Ford
and Water
Tallmann N. lab. r. cor. Ford and Water
Thomson A. R. surveyor, bds. Railroad
House
Thibadau Edward, barber, bds. Ford,
bet. First and Second
Tipton S. Mrs. school teacher, cor. Wash-
ington av. and Second
Titus J. H. county treasurer, r. Wash-
ington av. bet. First and Second
Townsend A. butcher, r. cor. Arapahoe
and Garrison
Townsend J. carpenter, r. cor. Arapahoe
and Garrison
Trenchard C. carpenter, r. head of Ford
Turner H. B. carpenter, r. Washington
av. bet. Platte and Water
Turpin Thos. laborer, bds. Ford, bet.
First and Second
Tyler R. (col'd), plasterer, r. Ford, bet.
Fourth and Fifth
The Largest Sewing Machine Depot in Colorado, at 209 G Street, Denver.
GOLDEN DIRECTORY.
327
NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Co.
The safest, the promptest, the most liberal.
DR. S. S. •WALLIHAW, Gen'l Agent,
TTPP JAMES, bds. Astor House
VAN GUNDY GEO. carpenter, r. cor.
Washington av. and Third
Van Horn J. L. r. cor. Ford and Water
Verdon E. F. blacksmith, cer. Garrison
and Ford
Vol! G. miner, Hazelton Coal and Min-
ing Co.
WALKER WM. miner, Hazelton
Coal and Mining Co.
Wasmoth A. miner, Hazelton Coal and
Mining Co.
Wamsley Lock, r. Second, bet. Ford and
East
"Ward J. R. sheriff, Jefferson county,
ofiBce, cor. Washington av. and Third
Weiskopf J. miner, Hazelton Coal and
Mining Co.
West A. miner, Hazelton Coal and Min-
ing Co.
TVest George, editor Golden Transcript,
r. Third, bet. Miner and Ford
Wells A. S. blacksmith, r. Ford, bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Wells C. W. tinsmith, bds. Railroad
House
Wells R. C. prop, paper mill, r. cor.
Washington av. and Fourth
EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY
OIF nSTE-VV YOI5.2C,
Insured 12,000,000 more in 1869 than any other
life insurance company in the world.
REICHARD & WINNE, General Agents,
DENVER, CO L O J{ A I) ().
Welch C. C. (Lovelanil, Welch .V Niitt),
forwarding and commission nierchaut,
bds. Golden House
Welch James, laborer, r. Second, bet.
Miner and Ford
Weibel J. brickmaker, r. cor. Water and
Ford
Whittaker C. J. miner, r. foot of Fourth
Whitlock A. engineer, r. cor. Platte and
Ford
Wilkinson Thomas, miner, Hazelton Coal
and Mining Co.
Williams C. engineer, r. cor. Ford & Sixth
Williams C. A. attorney at law, office,
cor. Washington av. and Second
Williams George, bds. Railroad House
Williams H. C. farmer, cor. Washington
av. and Platte
Williams Robt. laborer, bds. with E. L.
Berthoud
Wimple C. J. freighter, bds. Railroad
House
Wilson — , carpenter, bds. Johnson House
Wieger Joseph, prop. German House,
cor. Washington av. and Water
YEOMANS H. S. stationer, etc. cor.
Washington av. and Third
Young & Macy (John Young and R. C.
Macy), shoemakers, cor. Miner and
Second
328
GOLDEN DIRECTORY.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
Baird S. M.
De France A. H. office, cor. Washington
av. and Second
Mann J, office, cor. Washington av. and
Third
Patterson A. 0.
Purkins G. W.
Rowell L. D. office, cor. Washington av.
and Third
Williams C. A.
BANKERS.
Carter T. J. & Co. cor. Washington av.
and Second
BARBERS.
Coyne P. J.
Litchenheld R. Washington av. bet. First
and Second
Thibadau Edward
BLACKSMITHS.
Allen George
Andrews John
Bradley W. C. cor. Ford and Second
Burnett D. C.
Crippen Thomas
Dickson C. cor. Ford and Second
Dillon Ed. cor. Garrison and Ford
Lyden P.
Perrin T.
Reay William
Remington J. C.
Robinson J. cor. Garrison and Ford
Smith J. A. cor. Water and Ford
Smith J. H.
Verdon E. F. cor. Garrison and Ford
Wells A. S.
BREWERIES.
Golden City, Bron & Kroenig, props, cor.
Water and Ford
Weibel Q.
BRICK MAKERS.
BUTCHERS.
Chamberlain II. Ford, bet. First and
Second
Dollison & Townsend, Washington av.
bet. Second and Third
Mellen B. Ford, bet. First and Second
Mellen Jas. Ford, bet. First and Second
Townsend A.
CARPENTERS.
Birch T.
Bosse C.
Boutwell J, S.
Boyd L.
Bristol N.
Campbell J. A.
Cross James C.
Foster G. J.
Gardiner B. N.
Hansbro
Hennegar John
Kimball George H.
King John
Le Cavalier J. E.
Lomax A. P.
Lomax E. L.
Lovell W. H.
McLaughlin D.
Milligan Robert
Miller John
Miller G. H.
Miller John D.
Rhoads J.
Snodgrass John
Townsend J.
Trenchard C.
Turner H. B.
Van Gundy George
Wilson
CIVIL ENGINEERS.
Berthoud Ed. L. office, First, bet. Wash-
ington av. and Miner
CLOTHING, ETC.
Nutt H. prop. S. W. Fisher, manager,
Washington av. bet. First and Second
Attachments for SEWING MACHINES at 209 G Street, Denrer, Colorado.
GOLDEN DIRECTORY.
329
Fair Dealing M Prompt Acljnstffienl
Of all honest losses, our motto.
Hepresent over ($40,000,000) Forty Mil-
lions of Capital!
REICHARD &. WINNE, General Insurance Agents,
i»e:xvi:r, col..
CONTRACTORS.
Austin
Bush John J.
Hawkins W.
Peedie A.
Scott James S.
CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER.
Parsons J. H.
DRUGGIST.
Kelley J. Washington av. bet. First and
Second
ENGINEERS.
Boyd J. T.
Fleggan Louis
Kinsey Peter
Lee H.
Whitlock A.
Williams C.
FARMERS.
Arnold Richard
Higby G. B.
Noble Thomas
Nixon Thomas
Platte William
Williams H. C.
FLOURING MILLS.
Barber 0. F. prop. Rock, head of Ara-
pahoe
Barnes David, cor. Water and Ford
FORWARDING AND COMMIS-
SION MERCHANTS.
Loveland, Welch & Nutt
FREIGHTERS.
Gorman Joseph
Grant Thomas
Moore J. L.
Reed Ben.
Wimple C. J.
FURNITURE.
(Dealer in.)
Soper Frank
The'ITOETHWESTEEIT'
Has become a IIousehold Word
IN Colorado.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DENVER, COLOItADO.
GENERAL MERCHANTS.
Armor, Harris & Co. cor. Washington
av. and Second
Patrick & Co. cor. Washington av. and
First
GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS
(Dealers in.)
Cheney P. B. Washington av. l)et. First
and Second
Clark C. A. Washington av. bet. First
and Second
Faulkner Clarence W. cor. Ford and First
Hendrickson J. G. Washington av. bet.
Second and Third
HOTELS.
Astor House, cor. Arapahoe and Second
German House, cor. Washington av. and
Water
Golden House, cor. Arapahoe and Third
Johnson House, cor. Ford and Second
Overland House, Washington av. bet.
First and Second
Railroad House, Ford, bet. First and
Second
LIVERY STABLES.
Doolittle T. S. cor. Miner and Third
Jewett E. H
LUMBER.
(Denkr in.)
Peterson George II.
MACHINISTS.
Elliott Henry
Parker 11. J.
MASONS-^Brick and Stone).
Bennett C. H.
Curry J. H.
Hammond E.
Hahn J.
MILLERS.
Barbean S.
Brady Thos.
MILLINERY.
(Dealer in.)
Johnson A. Second, bet. Washington ar.
and Miner
330
GOLDEN DIRECTORY.
g^emx mtt Mnsnmnct mt.
Of Brooklyn, New York.
Cash Assets, nearly Two Million Dollars.
For Policies in this "time-tried, fire-tested" and
well-managed company, apply to
CBATEB & COBB, Agents,
Holladity Street, opposite Mint. Denver, Colorado.
MOLDERS.
Frisbie Ben.
Marr William
NOTARY PUBLIC.
Crawford D. C. office, cor. Washington
av. and Second
PAPER MILL.
Wells R. C. prop. cor. Washington ar.
and Fourth
PAPER MAKERS.
Anderson A. P.
Anderson C. J.
PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS.
Anderson Joseph, office, Platte, bet.
Ford and Miner
Harsh Levi
Kelly J.
Moore J. M. *
Sales N. G.
PLANING AND FLOUR MILL.
Crisman & Fitzpatrick, cor. Arapahoe
and First
POTTERY AND FIRE BRICK
"WORKS.
Bell Henry, prop. cor. Washington av.
and Water; M. C. Kirby, supt.; W. H.
Richards, foreman
PRINTERS.
Farrall Frank
Green Charles
McNeil S.
Smith T. J.
Sullivan James
RANCHMEN.
Chinn R. W.
Sullivan J. R.
RESTAURANTS.
Ballou E. B. prop. cor. AVater and Platte
E. Garbereno, prop. Washington av. bet.
Second and Third
SADDLERS AND HARNESS-
MAKERS.
Kirch J. N.
Schmael & McClasky, cor. Ford and
Second
SALOON KEEPERS.
Couch W. cor. Washington av. and Platte
Garbereno Louis, Washington av. bet.
First and Second
Hawkett William
Hill J. S. Washington av. bet. Second
and Third
Howard A. C. cor. Ford and First
Judkins C. H. Washington av. bet. First
and Second
Judkins W. W. Washington av. bet. First
and Second
Leach H. S. cor. Ford and First
McHoUand C. B. cor. Ford and Water
Morris J. W. cor. Ford and Platte
Rollins Isaac, cor. Ford and Water
SASH, DOORS AND BLINDS.
(Itealer in.;
MoflFett J. H. Washington av. bet. Second
and Third
SHOEMAKERS.
Gardiner Stephen, Second, bet. Miner
and Ford
Langworthy T. H.
Morris A. T.
Young & Macey, cor. Miner and Second
SILVERSMITH.
Haynes M. >■.
STATIONER.
Yeomans H. S cor. Washington av. and
Third
SURVEYORS.
Raymond G. S.
Reyncilds N. P
King W. T.
Singer J. P.
Thompson A. R.
TAILOR.
Benson N. cor. Arapahoe aud First
TEACHERS.
Ambrose N.
Millington A. S. Mrs.
Osborn Mary A. Mrs.
Tipton S. Mrs.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
"# "^' ^ "^
J, W. GROU, Proprietor,
DEALER IX
Beef, Veal, Mutton, Pork, Game, Poultry and Ranch
Produce.
Mdl.^ gWEmET^
NEVADA CITY, COL.
W. S. HASWELL,
DEALER IX
Drugs and Medicines
3f!a,iii Street,
THE NORTHWESTERN
The "MODEL"
Life Insurance Co.
OF THE CONTINENT,
Has become a household word in Col- -
ORADO.
J. A. & P. G. SHANSTROM,
TlTl^XI
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
OF -A-IiXj K:iI<riDS,
EATS
RANCH PRODUCE, ETC.
NEVADA CITY, - COLORADO.
HENRY HASKIN, Propr.
NEVADA CITY, - COLOHALO.
Travelera will find this hotel the best in Nevada.
1 he establishment is WELL fuknished throughout,
ami every attention will be given to tlio ccmfort
of guests.
GOLD
J. W. EATLIFF,
JOSTICE OF THE PEACE
Notary Public and Conveyancer,
NEVADA CITY, COL,
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
ROCK FLOURING MILLS
GOLDEN, COL.
]Bo«t IXL Floni* cincl Feed on liancl at- a.11 -times.
0® m>%
THOMAS S. DOOLITTLE, Proprietor,
Miinei* Str*eet, l>et. Second a^ncl Third.,
Keeps constantly
HORSES, CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, ETC.
In connection with the above is a first-class Feed and Sale Stable.
*^^ Horses boardeil by the day or week, on the most reasonable terms. ■=S3R J
tl
IT'
CHARLES H. JUDKINS, Propr.
Cor. "Washington Ave., and First St.,
GOLDEN, COLO.
■1^= The finest brands of Wines, Liquors and Cigars =©»
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
GOLDEN HOUSE
g@^mMM9 €&^&m^m&.
This new and popular house has recently been enlarged
to a four-story (brick) building, containing upwards of
seventy rooms, with a special view to accommodate tourists
and invalids as well as the traveling public. It is pleasantly
located, overlooking the town, and is within half an hour's
drive of some of the ruggedest scenery to be found in the
Rocky Mountains.
Connected with the house is a fine
BATHING ESTABLISHMENT,
with facilities for hot, cold ^nd mineral baths, the water coming
from a celebrated spring on the mountain side above it.
The sleeping rooms are new and well ventilated, and
the table will be constantly supplied with the delicacies of
the season.
A first-class Barber Shop, and also a Livery and Feed
Stable are attached to the house.
Since the completion of the Colorado Central Railway,
Golden is more favorably situated as a rendezvous tor tour-
ists and invalids than any other point in Colorado.
Parties desiring to secure rooms in advance, can do so
by addressing
CHARLES S. ABBOTT, Proprietor,
GOLDEN, COL.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Office of The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co.,
Milwaukee, Wis., Jan. 23, 1871.
In presenting the Annual Report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1870,
it affords us pleasure to refer you to the accompanying statements, showing the
steady growth and increasing prosperity of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance
Company, now just entering upon the thirteenth year of its corporate existence.
The low mortality record for the past and preceding years, evidences skill an I
care in the selection of the lives insured; while the reserve fund of the Company
(4 per cent, actuaries), the highest security known to any American Company, safely
invested, places the Northwestern, with its reduced expenses, upon an impregnable
basis of security, and guarantees to its members a reliable and permanent fund, for
those whom they designed to benefit and protect.
At the time when disaster, the legitimate result of mismanagement and abuse, is
overtaking some of the insurance companies of the country, it is especially gratify-
ing to call attention to this Company's strength and security.
The Insurance Commissioner of Massachusetts, in his report of 1870, says:
"The computed reserve or accumulated fund of a Company, is the best and safest
test of its soundness, and the most promising element of its future stability and
strength."
There have been paid, during the year, two hundred and forty-three policies,
upon two hundred and thirty-two lives, covering four hundred and seventy-seven
tliousand, eighty-five dollars and eleven cents of insurance. The ratio of loss to the
mean amount at risk is but seventy-six one-hundredths of one per cent. Of the
twenty companies organized before the year 1860, and reporting to the Massachu-
setts Insurance Commissioner in 1870, the average ratio of loss to the mean amount
insured is a fraction less than ninety-five one-hundredths.
***************
We invite the attention of the members of the Company to the following synopsis
of its business, which gives evidence that the securily this Company otters to its
policy-holders is equal to that of any company in the land; relatively strong as the
strongest, and deserving the full confidence of its members, and the patronage of
the community at large.
John H. Van Dyke,
Heber Smith,
C. F. Ilslet,
D. Ferguson,
J. A. Dutcher,
Executive Committee.
New policies issued during the year 1870 7,781
Amount of Insurance thereon $10,591,033 23
Total number of Policies in force January 1, 1871 35,107
Total amount of risk thereon $65,186,706 98
Amount paid for losses during the year 1870, upon 243 policies 477,085 11
Whole amount paid for losses since the organization of the Company, 1,682,856 30
Total income during the year 18J0 3,670,370 07
Total amount loaned on bond and mortgage, January 1, 1871 3,795,285 16
Total assets, January 1, 1871 8,991,766 48
Ratio of Expenses to Receipts for the year 1870 14.81
9&^ See advertisement elsewhere in this work.
Dr. S. S. WALLIHAN,
Gen. Agt. Rocky Mountain District, Colorado, Wyoming,
Utah, and New Mexico. Head-quarters, Denver.
W. T. CARTER,
Local Agent, Denver.
WHEELER & WILSON Sewing Machine Depot, 209 G Street, Denver, Col.
GOLDEN DIRECTORY. 331
REICHARD & WINNE,
GENERAL INSURANCE AGENTS
DENrEJt, COLORADO.
Best companies in. tlie world represented.
Losses adjusted at oar office.
TINSMITHS.
SarellW. M. B. Second, bet. Miner & Ford
Wells C. W.
VARIETY STORE.
Johnson T. C. Washington av. bet. Sec-
ond and Third
NortliwesternMntnalLifeMranceCo.
Home Office, Milwaaioo, ^i:.
ASSETS, - - $9,000,000
DB.. S. S. WALLIBAJf, Gen'l A,,t.
DENVER, COLORADO.
WATCHMAKER.
Ender J. R.
WAGONMAKER.
Page John
T. J. GARTER <£ CO.
GOLDEN, COLORADO,
DEALERS IN
Domestic and Foreign Exchange, Gold, Bullion
and Government Securities.
Railroad, County and City Bonds, Loans, Mortgages and Securities negotiated.
Drafts and Collections on all parts of the United States at current rates of exchange.
National Bank of Commerce, Boston. 1 State Saving A~tion St Loui.i.
American Exchange National Bank, New York. Omaha Nat.ona Bank ^^"'"ha. ;
Traders' National Bank, Chicago. I , The Bank of Califorum, San Francwco.
Colorado National Bank, Denver.
332 BLACK HAWK DIRECTORY.
BLACK HAVvK.
Tte first discoverers of gold in the mountains were the first citizens of
Black Hawk. The growth of this town, and the portion of Central known
as Mountain City, were simultaneous, and in the fall of 1859 their popula-
tion was numbered by thousands. We have gathered data of many interest-
ing incidents attending the early settlement of these rich mining localities,
but space forbids their publication in our p/esent issue, though we do not
abandon the idea of giving publicity to the stirring events that characterized
these early days in the history of the richest gold mining district in the
world.
Nearly every nationality in the civilized world, and every phase of human
character were represented among the early miners that found their way into
this mountain-locked mining camp. This conglomerate mass of humanity,
gathered here from the four corners of the world, was without the usual
local laws that govern communities, and remote from the moral and restrain-
ing influences of society and religious institutions. Besides this, they were
engaged successfully in the most exciting pursuit in the world — gold hunt-
ing. It is not strange that, under such circumstances, much lawlessness
should exist, and that scenes were enacted characterized by extraordinary
recklessness and brutality. Crime walked abroad at noonday, and even
murder did not seek the obscurity of night. Gamblers and robbers preyed
upon the unsuspecting, and life and property were insecure. But this con-
dition of things did not long exist. Among these pioneer miners were many
men, good and true. These soon saw the necessity of organization for mutual
protection, and, after effecting such crude organization as the circumstances
would permit of, they determined to make themselves the enactors and admin-
istrators of laws, and the guardians of the public peace and safety. This
was soon accomplished by establishing the Peoples' Courts. These enacted
laws suitable to existing emergencies, and enforced them most rigidly. Jus-
tice demanded life for life, and the murderer was hung; and upon all other
classes of criminals appropriate punishments were inflicted, and the con-
glomerate community freed from the grasp of lawlessness and crime. We
have talked with prominent actors in these stirring scenes, who are now most
excellent and influential citizens of the county, and heard from their own
lips detailed accounts of bloody incidents, in which they were actors, thrill-
ing in the extreme. Among these, we take pleasure in mentioning Capt.
Hall, of Gilpin county, C. K. Fisk, Esq., formerly a resident of Russell
Gulch, but now a prominent citizen of Georgetown. But space forbids fur-
ther notice of these early days; suffice it to say, as early as 1860, law and
order reigned over the mountains and valleys of Gilpin county.
BLACK HAWK DIRECTORY.
The present governing powers of Black Hawk are the usual villacre
authorities of Colorado, the chief power being vested in the police jud °e
who is ex officio mayor. There is, besides this officer, a marshal and his
assistants, assessor and collector, street commissioner, etc., and a board of
selectmen. As we have no recent data, we cannot give the names of the.*e
officers. la the fall of 1870, S. H. Bradley, Esq., was police judge, and we
believe there has been no change since that time. No city in the world is
more orderly; the administration of the laws is attended with no difficulty,
and due attention paid to religious and moral observances by all.
Though Black Hawk is paved and surrounded by placer ditriiin'^s and
gold mines, mining is not its principal industry. This is milling and reduc-
ing ores. The stamp-mills and reduction works, that are massed tocether
here, are described in detail elsewhere, and in number and capacity exceed
those of the balance of the county The clang of ponderous machinery,
and the fall of the ore-crushing stamps are heard incessantly, and the fires
in Prof. Hill's smelting works are never quenched.
Another important feature of the industries of Black Hawk is the iron
foundry and machine shop, owned by A. Gr. Langford. This manufacturing
establishment is one of the most extensive in the Territory, and the work
turned out, equal in strength, durability and finish to that of the largest
Eastern works. Mr. Langford gives his undivided attention to his foundry,
and is a thorough business man and competent mechanic. As a singular
item of history, we can state truthfully, that all the iron used at this exten-
sive manufactory, is from the broken-down engines, furnaces, retorts, etc,,
of played out reduction processes, and still a good supply is on hand. The
amount of costly machinery sold for old iron, in the mining districts of Col-
orado, has been large, and still her gulches and ravines are unsightly with
rusty shafts, and misshapen and broken wheels and engines.
The institutions of education and religion in this town are liberally sus-
tained, and of course prosperous. A fine school-house, costing over 814,000,
ornaments one of the mountain slopes that surround the city. The churches
and religious institutions receive due notice elsewhere. The Masonic order.
Odd Fellows and Good Templars are represented by prosperous lodges, and
a base-ball club manages to find enough level ground in the vicinity to ena-
ble them to engage in this national sport.
We have no^ statistics showing the exact amount of ore crushed and
reduced in Black Hawk, nor the amount of bullion produced; but these will
be at at least one-half the entire amount reduced by Gilpin county, and the
sum total of the result over SI, 000,000.
The location of Black Hawk is peculiar. The site is "\ ' shaped; the
upper portions of the "Y," Gregory and Chase gulches, and the tail. Clear
Creek valley. There is but little level space at any point, and the city is
built irregularly along the eulches and against the mountain sides. Its
appearance from one of the surrounding mountains is unique and peculiar,
and though no features possessing beauty present themselves, the view is not
without that undefined charm which characterizes all mountain towns.
The tourist, who visits the mining districts, should not tail to remain a
few days in Black Hawk. He will find good hotel accommodations wuh
mine host of the St. Charles or Mountain House, either ot whom will do
everything in his power to ensure comfortable and pleasant accommodations
to guests; and in the town and neighborhood are many objects of unusual
334 BLACK HAWK DIRECTORY.
interest. The exact spot where Gregory discovered gold will be pointed out;
the richest and best improved gold mines in the Territory or the world are
at hand, and innumerable mills and reduction works, accessible at all times.
The cessation of operations of any magnitude on the Gregory and Bob
Tail lodes has interferred materially with the prosperity of Black Hawk for
a year or two. Nevertheless, her merchants and business men have fair
prospects, and do considerable profitable trade.
Visitors to Black Hawk will find Dr. Garrott, one of the proprietors of
the Polar Star Mills, Geo. E. Congdon, Esq., agent of the Black Hawk Co.,
B. F. Wells, agent of Smith & Parmelee Co., A. G. Langford, Esq., owner
of Black Hawk Foundry, and Robert McCarroll, mine owner and contractor,
gentlemen well posted in matters pertaining to this city, and ready to impart
valuable information to all seeking such.
Among the merchants of the town, well worthy of patronage, are Ora-
hood & Nesmith, and Ed. Seiwell, druggists; H. Vosburg, fruiter; G. B.
Rudolph, jeweler; Warren & Scobey, wines and liquors; Ed. E. Hughes,
butcher. Those who desire to patronize livery men, will find excellent turn-
outs aad good saddle horses at the stables of the Germain Bros., on Gregory
street.
BLACK HAWK DIRECTORY.
335
BLACK HA\VK DIRECTORY.
ABBE WILLIAM A. mining operator,
Main
Allard A. miner, Main
Allebough C. C. liquor dealer, Gregory
Allebough N. S. liquor dealer, Gregory
Allebough & Son, -wholesale and retail
liquor dealers, Gregory
Anderson Mrs. C. Gregory
BACKUS G. B. notary public, nr. toll-
gate
Backus Geo. B. Jr. millnian. Main
Backus William, miner. Main
Bailey Asher, miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Baldon Francis, miner, nr. tollgate
Black Hawk
Ballard JollU B. carpenter, Gregory
Barker W. J. merchant, r. Chase gulch
Beadle Charles, miner, Gregory
Beadle Charles, engineer, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Beach T. miner, Gregory
Bebee M. F. Pioneer Express, Gregory
Beers Becker T. H. mining operator,
Chase gulch
Beiger Herman, metallurgist. Main
Behr A. Dr. metallurgist, P. 0. Black
Ha^k
Blake E. S. laborer, Main
Blasely R. W. millman, P. 0. Black Hawk
Boylan John, engineer. Main
Boyland John, millman, P. 0. Black Hawk
Bradly S. H. police judge and attorney,
office, Gregory
Brittou & Powell, People's restaurant,
Gregory
Briggs George W. miner, Gregory
Brown Benjamin, miner, Cooper
Brooker Max, miner, nr. tollgate, Black
Hawk
Bruce George, teamster, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Bruce J. C. mining operator. Chase gulch
Bryan Robert, miner. P. 0. Black Hawk
Bunney F. J. miner. Cooper
Bunney John, miner, Cooper
Bunney Robert, miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Burk Daniel, miner, nr. tollgate, Black
Hawk
Burk Dennis, miner, nr. tollgate. Black
Hawk
Biirkliart J. G. Black Hawk Beer Hall,
Gregory
Butt A. J. miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Butt John, miner, Denver road, Black
Hawk
Butt Anderson, miner, Denver road,
Black Hawk
pADDON JOHN, millman. Main
Carey W. F. miner. High
Carroll Thos. miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Carrington Ed. E. miner, Dory road
Carrington Eph. miner, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Champion Benjamin, miner, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Chaney R. R. blacksmith, Main
Chaplin A. B. millman, P. V. Black Hawk
Chaplin James L. millman, P. O. Black
Hawk
Chaplin J. AV. millman. Main
Chase J. A. miner. Main
Chirgwin Henry, miner, Gregory
Chisholm Thomas, blacksmith, Gregory
Childs A, J. engineer, P. 0. Black Hawk
Childs A. J. teamster, Main
Clague Thomas, miner. Main
Clark Mrs. Robt. A. photographist,
Gregory
Clark William, miner. Main
Clinton Edward, miner, .Main
Cochran J. engineer, P. (». Black Hawk
Cody Edward, miner, P. O. Black Hawk
Collier John Z. miner, Gregory
Congdou Georjre E. agt. Black Hawk
Gold Mining Co. Black Hawk
Conners Thomas, minor, Gregory
Conant Fred, mill owner, Chase gulch
Conner R. H. blacksmith, Gregory
Coweuhoveil H. P. dealer in groceries
and provisions, and agt. Perigo Mining
Co. Gregory
BLACK HAWK DIRECTORY.
MANHATTAN FIRE INSURANCE CO.
OF NEW YORK.
Cash Assets,nearly One and a Half Million Dollars.
lrvcc»itF«o».-a.TJB:i> .a.. r>. iHzl.
For perfect indemnity ao;ainst loss, apply for poli-
cies in this VETEKAN COMPANY.
CRATER Sl COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denrer, Colorado.
Corcoran M. J. carpenter, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Cook John, barber, Main
Crisman & Fitzpatrick, merchants, Greg-
ory
Crouse William, hotelkeeper. Clear Creek
Crowe W. M. Arcadia House, Black Hawk
Curtis John, miner, Gregory
D
AILY JEREMIAH, miner. Main
Davis John, ranchman, P. 0. Black Hawk
Davis Lewis, laborer, Main
Decker Charles L. miner. Main
Dempsey John, miner. Main
Devire Peter, miner. Cooper
Dickenson W. N. mill owner, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Dob Louis, laborer. Main
Domm Vite, smelter, Chase gulch
Donelly T. miner, P. O. Black Hawk
Donelly John, millman. Main
Dorris Henry, miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Drew Richard, miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Drummond John, miner, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Du Bois H. A. mining operator, Black
Hawk
Dunlap John C. millman. Main
T^ICHER JOHN, smelter, Chase gulch
Elder George, miner, Gregory
Elliot Conrad, millman, Chase gulch
Ellis William, miner. Clear Creek
Erwin David, miner. Main
Evans John J. miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
TilAIRBURN GEORGE, laborer. Main
Fallon Eliza J. Mrs. Black Hawk
Fallon John L. miner. Main
Pallon Thomas, engineer. Main
Fallon Edward, millman. Main
Fallon Robert, laborer. Main
Faraghar Robert, miner, Cooper
Farnatzer Leonard, Pennsylvania House
Tarven Samuel, news agt. and dealer
in books and stationery, fruits and
confectionery, Gregory
Farvvell Abraham, teamster. Main
feehan Walter, Pacific boarding house,
regory
Fellows Noah, millman. Main
Ferron John, millman. Main
Field F. F. miner, Black Hawk
Fisher William, miner. Main
Fitzsimmons Geo. millman, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Fitzpatrick J. B. machinist, Chase gulch
Flanagan John, miner. Cooper
Flanagan Mich, miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Flynn Thomas, miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Francis Joseph, laborer. Main
Frazer Robert, miner. Chase gulch
Freeman John, engineer, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Funderberk John, millman. Main
GADDIGAM MORRIS M. miner, P.
0. Black Hawk
Garrott E. physician and surgeon, and
medical examiner Northwestern Life
Insurance Co. Black Hawk
Germain William, livery and sale
stable, Gregory
Germain Hector, livery stable, Gregory
Gilman James R. miner, Gregory
Gillett Henry, miner, Main
Gibson W. N. miner, P* 0. Black Hawk
Gladiling Oscar, engineer. Cooper
Gleiman Richard, justice of the peace,
Gregory
Graham P. D. blacksmith, ^lain
Grant James, millman. Main
Gray Isaac, miner, Gregory
Gray Charles, laborer. Main
Green Otto, miner, Gregory
HAINES THOMAS W. ranchman, P.
0. Black Hawk
Hall Benjamin, miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Halpine John, miner, ^L'lin
Hampton A. J. miner, Gregory
Hamilton Thomas, millman, Clear Creek
Harris William, laborer. Main
Harris J. N. clerk, cor. Main and Gregory
Hamlek John J. butcher. Main
Havens Charles W. dealer in groceries
and provisions, cor. Main and Gregory
Hathaway Robert, miner, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Henderson E. W. mining operator,
Chase gulch
Henges J. miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Hicks S. R. miner, Gregory
Hicks Sam'l, millman, P. 0. Black Hawk
Hicks C. D. butcher. Main
Hill Elijah, smelter. Chase gulch
Hill N. P. prop. Boston and Colorado
Smelting Works, Main
Holmes Benjamin, millman, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Holmes Benjamin, engineer. Clear Creek
Holstein George B. merchant, Gregory
SEWING MACHINE THREAD, SILK nnd OIL, at 209 G St., Denvor, Col.
BLACK HAWK DIRECTORY.
LiverpoDl, anfl Lonfloii ani Glolie
IXSIRAXCE CO.
ASSETS. OVER - $18,000,000
REICHARD &. WINNE,
Agents for Colorado, DEyVER.
Hugh J. M. Miner, Main
Hunter James, millman, Main
Hupper Ellas, carpenter, V. 0. Black
' Hawk
Hurst AVilliam, cook, P. 0. Black Hawk
Hustis A. farmer, Gregory
Huy James M. miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
JONES GEORGE, blacksmith, P. 0.
Black Hawk
Jones E. T. miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Jones T. miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Jones E. min^r, P. 0. Black Hawk
Johnson Alex, miner, Chasie gulch
Johnson A. C. saloonkeeper, Main
TT^ELLT JOHN, merchant, Main
Kelley Thomas, dealer in groceries and
provisions. Main
Kelley John, millman. Main
Kelley J. M. laborer. Main
Kensley Benj. C. policeman, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Kevern Francis, barkeeper. Main
Klatt John, miner. Clear Creek
Knabb Amos, millman, Main
Kriegbaum J. T. merchant. Black Hawk
LANE DENNIS, blacksmith, P. 0.
Black Hawk
Langford M. B. foundryman. Black Hawk
Lans^ford A. G. prop, foundry. Main
Langlee John, miner. Main
Lake H. W. mill and mine owner, P. 0.
Black Hawk
Larson Nelson, millman, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Lathrop Samuel P. principal of school,
Chase gulch
Bedford Abram, millman. Main
Bedford Sanford, millman, Main
Lesher Samuel, miner, nr. Hill's Works,
Black Hawk
Lesher J. P. merchant, P. O. Black Hawk
Lewis Martin, millman, P. 0. Black Hawk
Lincoln S. W. physician and surgeon,
Black Hawk
Lynn W. L. miner, Clear Creek
MALMST,R0M CHAS. engineer,
Gregory
Matlock William engineer, Gregory
22
BTORTII WESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Co.
OF MILWAfKEE, WIS.
MEMBERSHIP, - OVER 35,000
BE. S. S. WALLIEAK, Ccc'l Ag*.., TeiTer.
Matlock W. niillniau. P. 0. Black Hawk
Manning J. D. miner, Main
Martin William, miner, P. 0. Black Hnwk
Marshall 1. M. foundryman. Chase gulcli
Marsh Alvin, attorney at law, Clear
Creek
Malony Andrew, miner. Main
McCameron Hugh, miner, P. 0. Black
Hawk
McBreen William, miner. Main
MoCarrolI Robert, carpenter and
buildei-. Main
i\IcDoDal(l Michael, miner. Cooper
McGraugli , lutiorer. Main
McGinn Thomas, millman. Main
McKeen Logan, miner, Main
McLaughlin William, saddlery, Gregory
McLouth A. J. restaurant. Main
McLouth Lewis, restaurant. Main
McLean Logan, capitalist, Main
Mc^Lahon John, miner, Gregory
McGraw John, millman. Main
Mead Robert, mill owner, P. (). I'lack
Hawk
Meyers Z. miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Milieu John C. barber, Gregory
Miller Jacob, miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Miller Jacob, engineer. Main
Mitchell Frank, millman. Main
^liley L. W. mill owner. Chase gulch
Michler Samuel, miner, P. O. Black
Hawk
Michler David, miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Moore F. H. miner, P. (). Black Hawk
Morgan Samuel B. merchant, Chase gulch
Morrison .lolni, millmaii. Main
Mosley k Hallard, carpenters and
builders, Gregory
Mosley R. W. carpenter, Gregory
Moss D. R. miner, nr. lollgaie
NESMITH J. W. mining engineer.
P. 0. Black Hawk
Newby Wm. L. merchant, Gregory
Newby Mrs. Wm. milliner and dros--
maker, Gregory
Nichols Charles, expressman, P. 0. Block
Hawk
Norton A. miner, Gregory
Nolan John, miner, P. O. Black Hawk
Norsworthy W. G. millman, Main
Nuo-ent James, wood dealer. Chase gulch
BLACK HAWK DIRECTORY.
Yonte 4 New Yorlt Fire Insurance Co.
Cash Assets, nearly a Million Dollars.
Liberal Kates — Conservative — Prompt to
j>ay Losses.
CSATEB & COBB, Agests,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
0
BRIEN DENNIS, miner, Cooper
O'Brien John, miner, Gregory
O'Brien James, engineer, P. 0. Black
Hawk
O'Brien James, molder, P. 0. Black Hawk
O'Brien James, machinist, Main
Orahood & Nesmitll, druggists, Main
Orahood Harper M. druggist and chem-
ist. Main
Orpen Edm. musician, Main
Oyler T. J. saloon and billiard hall,
Gregory
"pATTEN MRS. Gregory
Parent Sidney, miner. Clear Creek
Parior Rock, miner. Main
Pendleton James, miner, Gregory
Porley James A. ranchman. Silver gulch
Perdu A. B. machinist, Main
Penisten G. L. livery, sale and feed
stable. Main
Pelliam William, laborer. Main
Phillips M. boarding house. Main
Phillip M. blacksmith. Main
Pike A. dry goods clerk, Gregory
Pickel John, miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Plunket Thomas, miner, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Powell S. J. Mrs. People's restaurant,
Gregory
Procter Thomas, miner. Main
Preston John, molder. Chase gulch
Pumphry Phil, miner. Main
/~\UILL JOHN, miner, Gregory
Qurtz Louis, Pennsylvania House, Main
REED THOMAS JAMES, miner, P. 0.
Black Hawk
Reitmaster & Pelton, dry goods, Main
Reit master Alexander, merchant, Greg-
ory
Remine Geo. W. millman. Main
Remsen A. laborer, Main
Reynolds Charles, engineer, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Bhoads A. G. bakery, Gregory
Ripley Wm. millman, P. 0. Black Hawk
Riley Thomas, miner, Clear Creek
Roch , barber. Main
Roland Matthew, miner. Main
Rollins David, miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Roii2:h Georg-P, mill owner. Main
Rule William, miner, Cooper
Rowley Chas. millman, P. O. Black Hawk
Rowe Sand, laborer, near toUgate
Rowe Henry, laborer, near tollgatc
Rudolph F. A. dealer in and manufac-
turer of boots and shoes, Gregory
Rusch Henry, salesman, Gregory
Russell David, miner. Main
SANDERS THOMAS R. miner, P. 0.
Black Hawk
Sanddowsky B. merchant, Gregory
Scanlon Jas. engineer, P. 0. Black Hawk
Schnedder H. carpenter, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Schuyler J. C. merchant. Main
Scha'mman Ernst, laborer, Main
Scott Geo. carpenter, P. O. Black Hawk
Scott Wm. carpenter, P. O. Black Hawk
Sciwcll Ed. A. druggist and piiarmacist.
Black Hawk
Sheilds Richard, miner. Main
Sherridan Jos. miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Shellabarger W. M. harnessmaker, Greg-
ory
Sherman Chas. E, metallurgist, Silver
gulch
Shock David D. carpenter, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Shock A. L. miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Sliufe W. G. clerk. Main
Sights S. B. millman. Main
Simpson B. O. miner, P. O. Black Hawk
Simpson J. H. miner. Chase gulch
Simpson Sarah Mrs. boarding house.
Chase gulch
Smith N. K. pres. Enterprise Wagon
Road Co. Black Hawk
Smith L. K. sec. and treas. Enterprise
Wagon Road Co. Black Hawk
Smith A. A. miner, Gregory
Smith George, miner, P O. Black Hawk
Smith Fred, engineer. Chase gulch
Smith R. C. cook, P. 0. Black Hawk
Smith Alonzo, engineer, Clear Creek
Smetzer G. W. millman. Main
Snow James, miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Snyder L. C. miner, Gregory
Snyder Jacob A. miner, Gregory
Spalti G. mechanic, P. 0. Black Hawk
Squires J. S. molder, Gregory
Steele C. L. carpenter, Main
Stancey H. millman, Main
Stevens Elisha, miner, Gregory
Stevens Robt. millman, P. 0. Black Hawk
Stewart Thomas H. engineer, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Stelle Andrew, miner, Main
For reference respecting best Sewing Machine, call at 209 G St., Denver, Col.
BLACK IIAAVK DIRECTORY.
339
SEGUI[ITY INSURANCE CO.
NEW YORK.
ASSETS, or Ell - - $2,000,000
REICHAED & WINNE,
Agents for Colorado, DENVER.
Steinle Cliarles, Black Hawk billiard
hall, Gregory
Steinle Gottlieb, saloonkeeper, Gregory
Strehle George, merchant. Chase gulch
Strack David, carpenter, V. 0. Black
Hawk
Stnder William H. deputy city marshal,
P. 0. Black Hawk
Sullivan Peter, miner. Cooper
Sullivan John M. shoemaker. Main
Sutherland James H. prop. St. Charles
Hotel, Gregory
TEMPLE EDWIN, millman, Chase
gulch
Terry Allen, miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Theis John, shoemaker, Gregory
Tibbett George, shoemaker, Gregory
Tomlinson J. B. miner, Chase gulch
Treganza , miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Tucker Isaac, miner, Main
Tucker William, saloonkeeper, Main
Tyler C. M. lumber merchant, Clear
Creek
UMSTEAD GEORGE, millman, nr.
tollgate. Black Hawk
VOSBURf; H. C. dealer in fruit and
confectionery, Gregory
WAGGONER JOHN B. miner, P. 0.
Black Hawk
Wain Wm. engineer, P. 0. Black Hawk
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE
IXSURAXCE CO.
«^A PVRELY MUTUAL COMI'Ayi.
Dr. S. S. Wallihan, Gen'l Agt., Denver.
"VValden F. R. ladies' and gentlemen's
hair dressing and shaving establish-
ment. Black Hawk
Walker Charles, millman, Main
Walter T. engineer, P. (). Black Hawk
Walter Jas. B. city marshal, collector,
constable, etc. Gregory
Wallace GeorgeRev. Methodist preaclicr,
Chase gulch
Waters Richard, miner, Gregory
Wells C. W. butcher, Main
Wells E. W. butcher, Main
Wells B. F. agt. Smith & Parmlee Gold
Co. P. 0. Black Hawk
Wells Georcje, miner, Clear Creek
Wellton M.^miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Wheeler H. engineer, Gregory
Wheeler J. A. J. miner, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Wheeler J. C. miner. Chase gulch
AVhitford A. H. miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Whitney Wm. miner, P. 0. Black Hawk
Wilkins C. miner, Gregory
Wilkins C. miner. Main
Williams Warren, miner, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Wilson Thomas, miner. Main
AVilson W. H. engineer, P. 0. Black Hawk
Wilson William, miner. Main
Wood Patrick, miner, P. O. Black Hawk
AVoodbiiry B. carpenter, Gregory
Woodbury John, carpenter, P. 0. Black
Hawk
Woodbury James, merchant. Main
Woodbury Clmrles< merchant. Main
Wright T. 15. prop. Mountain House,
Gregory
Wright James, miner. Main
340
BLACK HAAVK DIRECTORY.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
ATTORNEYS.
Bradley S. H. Gregory
Marsh Alvin, Clear Creek
AGENTS.
Cowenhoven 11. P. Perigo Mining Co.
Congdon Geo. E. Blackhawk Gold Min-
ing Co.
Wells B. F. Smith & Parmelee Gold Co.
BAKERS.
Rlioads A. a. Gregory
BARBERS AND HAIR DRESS-
ERS.
Cook John, Main
Miller John C. Gregory
Roch Wm. Main
Walden F. R.
BEER HALLS.
Burkhart J. 0. Gregory
BILLIARD HALLS.
Oyler T. G. Gregory
Steinle Chas. Gregory
BLACKSMITHS.
Conner R. 11. Gregory
Chisholm Tlio.s. Gregory
Chaney R. R. Main
Graham P. D, Main
Jones Geo.
Lane Dennis
Phillip, M. Main
BOARDING HOUSES.
Feehan Walter, Gregory
Phillips i\I. Main
Simpson Mrs. Chase gulch
BOSTON AND COLORADO
SMELTING 'WORKS.
Hill Elijah, prop. Main
BOOTS AND SHOES
Rudolph F. A. Gregory
BUTCHERS.
Hamlek John J. Main
Hicks C. D. Main
Wells C. W. Maia
Wells E, W. Main
CARPENTERS AND BUILDERS
Ballard John B. Gregory
Corcoran M. J.
Hupper Ellas
Mosley & Ballard, Gregory
Mosley R. W, Gregory
McCarroll Robt. Main
Shock David D.
Strack David
Scott Geo.
Scott AVm.
Steele 0. L. Main
AVoodbury B. Gregory
Woodbury John
DRUGGISTS AND CHEMISTS.
Orahood k Xesiiiith
Seiwell Ed. A.
DRY GOODS.
Reitmastcr & Pelton, Gregory
ENGINEERS.
Beadle Chas.
Boylan John, Main
Childs A. J.
Cochran J.
Freeman John
Fallon Thos. Main
Gladdeng Oscar
Holmes Benj.
Malstrom Chas. Gregory
Matleck Wm. Gregory
Miller Jacob, Main
O'Brien James
Reynolds Chas.
Scanlon James
Stewart Thos. H,
Smith Fred.
Smith Alonzo C. Clear
Wheeler H.
WHEELER & WILSON HIGHEST PREMIUM SEWING MACHINE.
BLACK HAAVK DIRECTORY. 341
Mtlantif Mifc Snsuraticc Sa.
T^KW YOKli:.
Asstts, over - - » S000,000
REICh'ARD &. WINNE, Agents,
])1:NVKU, - - - rOLORADO.
AVibon ^\. II.
Walter
Wain Wm.
ENGINEER.
(,Miuing.)
Nesuiiili J. W.
FRUIT AND CONFECTIONERY.
Farveii Samuel, Gregory
Yosburg' H. ('. Gregory
FOUNDRY.
Lang'ford A. G. prop. .Main
GROCE3,IES AND PROVISIONS
Allebough & Son, Gregory
Coweiilioven 11. P. Gregory
Havens Chas. W. cor. Main and Gregory
Kelly Thomas, Main
GENERAL MERCHANTS.
Barker W. J.
Crisman & Fitzpatrick, Gregory
Fitzpairick J. B. Chase gulcli
Holstein Geo. B. Gregory
Kelly John, Main
Krigbaum J. F.
Lesher J. P.
Morgan Sam'l B. Chase gulch
Newby Wm. L. Gregory
Keitmaster Alex. Gregory
Sanddowsky B. Gregory
Schuyler J. C. Main
Woodbury James, Main
Woodbury Charles, Main
HOTELS.
Arcadian House
Mountain House
I'enu-iylvania House
St. Charles
LIVERY, FEED AND SALE
STABLES.
Germain William, Gregory
Germain Hector, Gregory
Penisten G. L. Main
LUMBER DEALER.
Tyler C. M. Clear Creek
NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Co.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAy, Gfu'l A.jt.
DKXVKR. COI.oiIAKo.
MACHINISTS.
O'Brien James, ^lain
Pardee A. B. Main
Strehle George, Chase gulch
METALLURGISTS.
Beiger Herman, Main
Behr A. Dr.
Sherman Chas. E. Silver gulch
MINING OPERATORS.
Abbe AVilliam A. Main
Bruce J. C. Chase gulch
Becker T. H. Chase gulch
Dubois H. A.
Henderson E. W. Chase gulch
MILLMEN.
Boyland John
Blasely K. W.
Backus George B. Jr. Main
Chaplin James L.
Chaplin A. B.
Chaplin J. W.
Caddon John, Main
Donelly John, Main
Dunlap John C. Main
Elliot Conrad, Chase gulch
Fitzsimmons George
Fellows Noah, Main
Ferron John, Main
Fanderberk John
Fallon Edward, Main
Grant James
Hicks Samuel
Holmes Benjamin
Hunter James, Main
Hamilton Thomas, Clear Creek
Kelly John, Main
Knabb Amos, Main
Lewis Martin
Larson Nelson
Ledford Sanford
Ledford Abraham
Matlock W.
McGinn Tiiomas
McGraw John
Miley M. W.
Mitchell Frank
Morrison John
Norworthy W. G. Main
Rooley Charles
342
BLACK HAWK DIRECTORT.
WasMgi Fire taraace Co.
OF NEW YORK.
Cash Assets, nearly a Million Dollars.
WfU managed. Worthy the honored
uaiue it bears.
CRATER & COBB, Agents,
ffoUaday Sired, opposite Mint, Denver, Cdlorado
Ripley William
Rennie George W. Main
Stevens Robert
Smetzer G. W. Main
Stancey H. Main
Sights S. B. Main
Temple Edwin
Umstead George
Walker Charles, Main
MILLINER AND DRESSMAKER
Newby William Mrs. Gregory
MOLDERS.
O'Brien .lames
Preston John, Chase gulch
Squires J. S. Gregory
MUSICIAN.
Orpen Edward, Main
NOTARY PUBLIC.
Backus G. B.
NEWS AGENT AND DEALER
STATIONERY.
Farven Samuel, Gregory
PHOTOGRAPHER.
Clark Robert A. Mrs. Gregory
PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS.
Garrott E.
Lincoln S. W.
RESTAURANTS.
Britton & Powell, Gregory
McLouth A. J. Main
McLouth Louis, Main
Powell S. J. Mrs. Gregory
SALOONS.
Johnson A. C. Main
Oyler T. J. Gregory
Steinle Gottlieb, Gregory
Tucker William, Main
SADDLES AND HARNESS.
(Dealers in.)
McLaughlin AVilliam, Gregory
Shellabarger W. ^L Gregory
SHOEMAKERS.
Sullivan John M. Main
Theis John, Gregory
Tibbett George, Gregory
WOOD DEALER.
Nugent James, Chase gulch
W^INES AND LIQUORS.
(Dealers in.)
Allebough & Son, Gregory
Allebough N. S. Gregoiy
Allebough 0. C. Gregory
IBID. J^, SEI'VT'EIL.Xj,
DEALEU IN
6i. MlDIilHEi
Varnishes, Mill Chemicals, Etc.
A full supply of Druggists' Fancy Goods always ou hand.
BLACK HAWK,
COLORADO.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
DEALER IN
And Manufacturer of Fine Native Jewelry,
Black Hawk, - - COLORADO.
All kinds of Native Jewelry made on short notice. Watches carefully
repaired.
WILLIAM McLaughlin,
BLACK HAWK, COLORADO,
Manufacturer and Dealer in
Carriage trimming and repairing done.
ORDERS SOLICITED. ALL "WORK PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.
EiD. a. i3:tjc3-i3:es.
Keeps the neatest and best stocked
In the Itocky Mlountaiiis.
DEALEB IN
Canned and Dried Fruit, Coal Oil, Flour, Nails. Ranch Produce.
Tobacco, Cigars, Wines and Liquors.
lytain Sti-eet, BLACK HAWK.
BLK H
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
BOSTOn^
AND
B ^^ k: E tt ^ST.
Crackers of all kinds manufactured from the best Colorado
Flour, superior in quality to those of any Eastern
manufactory. I manufacture largely and can
supply the Wholesale trade at lowest
cash prices, and fill all orders
promptly.
A. G. RHOADi:S. Proprietor,
Gregory Street, BLA CK HA WK.
sjLLOOisr,
F. R. WALD£N, Proprietor,
Gregory, cor. Selax St. BLACK HAWK, COL.
Ii
F. B. WRIGHT, Pro2)rietor,
»4f K m4WK| - « €-OIiOE4P0,
The accommodations at this Hotel are first-class, the charges reasonable, and
everything done to insure the comfort of guests. Don't forget the MOUNTAIN
HOUSE.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
WARNER & SCOBEY,
Wliolesale and Retail Dealers in
^"W^^Wl^
ill, tIfWt'RS
Cigars, Plug, Fine Cut and Smoking
Tobacco.
"GOLDEN CROWN," ''NO NAME," "NE PLUS ULTRA"
lillmri Mali ami Baloon
CHARLES STEINLE, Proprietor.
The largest and best arranged billiard hall in the luouutains; fltlo.l out with
Phelan & Collender's carom tables, well ventilated and oentn.lly l<M.nUed. The Imr
always supplied with the best liquors.
l^Iaiii Street,
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
A\ ^.^ TOI® TOIA
BLACK HAWK.
The largest and best arranged hotel in Gilpin^
county.
OMNIBUSES LEAVE EVERY HOUR FOR THE MINES.
JAMES H. SUTHERLAND,
F»r oprle tor»
ORAHOOD & NESMITH,
X)I?.TJC3-C3-IST
Keep constantly on hand a large stock of
Paints, Oils, Perfurnery, Toilet Goods, Mill
Chemicals of all hinds, Stationery,
Blank Books, Etc.
Fost Oflfice lBvi.ild.irig-,
CENTRAL DIRECTORY. 34^
CENTRAL.
Central is the busiuess centre of the gold mining districts of Gilpin
county, its principal city and county seat, and the most populous of the
mountain cities of Colorado. It is located in the central part of the county,
in a portion of the valley of a tributary of North Clear creek — Gregory
gulch — also in two other gulches — Spring and Eureka — and on the slopes
of surrounding mountains. It is built irregularly, but quite substautialiy.
of wood, brick and stone. The streets are narrow, and some of thorn steep
and rugged. It is surrounded and mined by the richest gold mines in the
world. The gulches, which are now its principal streets, were formerly rich
placer diggings, and the surrounding mountains are furrowed and pitted by
surface openings, mining shafts, and "prospect" holes. Its location in the
centre of the mining district, and midway between the great milling and
mining cities of Black Hawk and Nevada, makes it readily accessible to nio.«ii
of the miners and mill-men in the county; hence its importance in a bu.si-
ness point of view.
Although comparatively a new mining camp, almost in the heart of the
Rocky Mountains, Central is not devoid of the educational, religious and
literary institutions peculiar to older and more improved districts, East or
West; nor is she behind in the fashions, follies and vices which follow civil-
ization everywhere. The former is illustrated by substantial school build-
ings, churches, literary institutions and libraries; the latter by the appearance
of fashionably and over-dressed ladies and gentlemen at public gatherings,
and in the streets, and the same evidences of reckless living and dissipation
which present themselves in every American city. Among educational
institutions in Colorado, the high school building in Central is the most
substantially built and appropriately furnished. Notice of this appear.-*
under educational in this work, but we cannot refrain from again referrin;:
to this structure, which speaks volumes in favor of the progressive spirit
which prompted its projectors to inaugurate the enterprise, and sustained
them throughout all the difficulties that attended its completion.
The earlier settlers of Central, like those of other iiiountain towns and
cities, were miners and prospecters, who were s<yon followed by trader.n,
merchants, professional and business men generally. At present tlie largest
portion of the population are not miners, nor are they directly connected
with mining enterprises; but, nevertheless, their interests are all uleiitihed
with mining and milling, and Central is dull or brisk, with the activity or
depression of mining industries.
The matter of railroad communications. East and A\ est is now exciting
much interest among all classes in Central, and no doubt the desired object
will soon be accomplished. The practicability of building a railway througli
344 CENTRAL DIRECTORY.
the foot-hills has been clearly demonstrated by careful surveys, and no insur-
mountable obstacles stand in the way of Central and Georgetown being
bound to the "plains" by iron bands of railroad communications. Make
this an accomplished fact, and the value of all property in these mountain
towns will be largely increased, and the future mining prosperity of the dis-
tricts established on a firm basis.
The authorities of Central are those of Colorado cities generally. They
act under regular charter and appropriate laws, and the city is orderly and
apparently well governed by competent officials. The following is a list of
these:
Mayor, William M. Roworth; City Clerk, 0. L. Peers; Police Justice
J. M Ginn; City Collector, A. Ham. Jones; City Marshal, A. Ham. Jones;
Street Commissioner, A. Ham. Jones; City Attorney, C. Reed; City Treas-
urer, F. H. Messinger; City Engineer, Hal. Sayr; City Assessor, P. Leyden.
City Council—First Ward, M. H. Root, Bolthoff; Second \Ykrd,
B. W. Wisebart, D. M. Richards; Third Ward, H. J. Kruse, Jas. Sowden.
Justices of the Peace, Wm. R. Kennedy, Eureka street; C. M. Leland,
Eureka street
United States Land Office — Office, Eureka street, Methodist Church
building; I. W. Stanton, Register; Col. Arnold, Receiver.
Like all of the mountain towns, the early history of Central is fraught
with incidents of unusual interest; but space, at present, forbids any mention
of these, or any reference to the hardy pioneers who reclaimed this mountain
wild, broke down all barriers between it and civilization, and have laid the
foundation of a city which will eventually number her population by tens of
thousands, and her treasure by billions.
CENTRAL DIRECTORY.
345
CENTRAL DIRECTORY.
\ BBOTT J. C. miner, Third
Adams Jasper, miner, Eureka
Adams Erwin, miner, P. 0. Central
A'Dllddell Robt. surgeon, office, ISIain
Ains worth C. W. miner, P. O. Central
Aitchesoa John, jeweler and watch-
maker, cor. Main and Eureka
Aitcheson IVilliaill, mnfr. and dealer in
jewelry, cor. Main and Eureka
Alston John, fruit dealer, Nevada
Alger Frank, millman, P. 0. Central
Allen Oscar, miner, Nevada
.\ltvater Henry, plasterer, Gregory
.\mbrose AV. M. miner. Eureka
Ambrose William, miner, P. 0. Central
.\nderson James, miner. Spring
.Anderson John, machinist. Eureka
Annear William J. miner, P. 0. Central
.\ndrew3 Richard, miner, P. 0. Central
.\pplebury F. F. miner. Eureka
Armstrong L. M. butcher, and dealer
in valley produce, Main
Arden Joseph, miner, P. 0. Central
Arkush 8. prop. New York store, dry
goods, etc. Main
Arnold William A. receiver, land office.
Eureka
Ashbury Charles, miner, Eureka
.\rthur Joseph, miner, P. 0. Central
.\shman George, miner, P. 0. Central
Atkins H. H. mining operator, St. James
BACHARACH SOLOMON, clerk.
Main
Bailey Jacob, miner, Nevada
I'aker G. W. editor, Lawrence
Banty Daniel, ranchman, P. 0. Central
Barney W. S. miner. Spruce
Harclay & Co. contractors and build-
ers. Eureka
Barclay W. J. contractor and builder,
Eureka
Barclay P. F. contractor and builder,
• Eureka
Barnabi Robert, ranchman. High
Barnoloski L. miner, Spring
Barrett (i. ^\. agt. Barrett Mining Co.
P. O. Central
Barnes David, whol. and retail flour
and feed. Main
Bartholomew Thomas, millman, P. 0.
Central
Barry Walter, miner, Gregory
Barhight Joseph, brickniason, Spring
Barrett Wesley, miner, P. O. Central
Barr Robert, miner, Lawrence
Baum L Temple of Fashion, Main
Bawocki Lawrence, saloonkeeper, Spring
Beach J. H. dentist, Van Derens blk.
Main, agt. Wilson's sewing machines
Beard John C. grocer. High
Beeler D. T. engineer, P. O. Central
Beers Louis Y. physician, Gregory
Beach E. C. miner, Gregory
Beghley H. B. miner, Gregory
Bell William, miner, Casey av.
Belden , engineer, Jhircka
Belton W. L miner. Eureka
Bennetts William, miner, Gregory
Berkley P. F. miner. Eureka
Bernhard J. miner, P. O. Central
Berniallick Wni. miner, Gregory
Best Jolin, piiarmacist. Main
Bishop H. G. miner. Eureka
Bisbee H. boot and shoemaker, Gregory
Bincklcy G. M. printer, P. 0. Central
Black Philip, baker and grocer, .Main
Black , grocer. Spring «
Blair S. ^L miner, Lawrence
Bolston James, miner, Fifth
Boltliolf Henry, machinist. Eureka
Bourlear Henry, clerk, Connor House
Bowden John, miner, Gregory
Bowman J. miner, P. O. Central
Boyd Douglass, miner, P. O. Central
BrastOAV Henry B. mill owner, Cus.y u v.
Bradley G. L. mining agent, Lawrence
Brannon Edward, miner, P. C). Central
Branch George, blacksmith, Packard
Brewer G. W. miner, Lawrence
Briggs George W. miner, Gregory
Briggs John B. miner. Third
Briilger John, miner, Gregory
Brittain Isaac, miner, Gregory
346
CENTRAL DIRECTORY,
Don't go on a journey witliout an Accident
Ticket of the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
CASH ASSETS, HALF MILLION DOLLARS.
An nt\t\i 1 day, S.25; 5 days, $1.25.
«>5,UUU ^ 10 diiys, $2.6U; 30 days, $o.U0.
Can be jirocured in one minute.
Crater&Cobb, Agts., HolladaySt.|Opp. Mint, Denve
Brodie John, miner, P. 0. Central
Brown Thomas, miner, Eureka
Brockman John, boarding house, Gregory
Brown George, miner. Gregory
Drown Alcxaiiuer K. sheriff, Gilpin
county. Eureka
Buckman H. Mrs. Lawrence
Buel C. S. miner, St. James
Buell Bela S. banker, r. St. James
Buell S. A. stationer, Main
Bunch Ilornian, miner, P. 0. Central
Burger Henry, miner, Eureka
Bull Frank, clerk, Main
Burlin^amc E. E. Prof. Territorial
assayer, oifice, Lawrence
Burger Roland, miner, Eureka
Burns James, miner, Gregory
Burke William, miner, Gregory
Burger Fred, miner, Gregory
Burkhard John, miner, Pine
Burnell S. miner, Spring
Bunny Robert, miner, Packard
Burnliain E. B. miner, Gregory
Burns Terrence, miner. Spring
Burgess J. miner, P. O. Central
Burpee Mat. miner, Casey av.
Burrell Henry, clerk, Main
Burrell James, notary public. Main
Butler William, miner, Casey av.
Butler Hugh, lawyer, Main
C
AMERON ROBT. shoemaker, Main
Cauieron Alex, miner. Pine
Cameron Daniel, miner, P. O. Central
Campbell H. A. miner, Nevada
Ciimpbell Thomas J. editor and prop.
Herald^ Spring
Calloway AV. F. miner. Eureka
Cassels John, baker and confectioner,
Main
Cassidy Robert, miner, Packard
Carrol Morris, miner, Gregory
Carstens Alex, saloon, Turner Hall,
Gregory
Casey Micheal, miner, Gregory
Cascaden David, mason, P. 0. Central
Cash Robert, Cash's Reduction Works,
P. 0. Central
Cash James, Cash's Reduction AVorks,
P. 0. Central
Cave Joseph, miner, Lawrence
Caze William, miner, Gregory
Champion Hugh, miner, Lawrence
Champion B. miner, Lawrence
Champion Thomas, miner, Lawrence
Chase L. W. tobacconist, Main
Chase W. D. Rev. Methodist clergyman.
High
Chacksfield John, miner, Eureka
Charpiot J. restaurant, Lawrence
Cliattilon Henry, miner. Eureka
Clark James, miner, P. O. Central
Clark George, clerk, Main
Clark Joseph, miner, P. 0. Central
Cleveland John R. county clerk, Third
Cozens Wra. L. miner, r. Fourth
Cochrin T. J. miner, Casey av.
Cochran Daniel J. laborer, Casey av,
Cochran John, miner and ranchman,
P. 0. Central
Cody M. E. Mrs. dry goods and milli-
nery, .Main
Collier D. C. editor and prop. Register,
High
Cole W. A. miner. Main
Collins Thos. in cliarge Colorado Stage
Co. slock. Eureka
Collins John, miner, Eureka
Conly Thoma«, liosller, Lawrence
Connor Waller 0. miner and ranchman,
P. U. Ceiurul
Comfort Moses, speculator. Lawrence ■
Cook AVilliam, ranchman, P. 0. Central \
Copeland J. B. miner, P. 0. Central
Cook E. speculator, Lawrence
Cook Samuel, miner. Eureka \
Coruforth James T. merchant, P. 0. I
Central '
Corwin Wm. printer, Regisler office
Coulson H. C, agt. Main
Coutts William, miner, Gregory
Craze AVilliam, miner, Gregory
Crohn Th. Temple of F'ashion, Main
Crohn ^L Temple of Fashion, Main
Critchet W. carpenter. High
Crane L. R. stationer. Main
Cromer Nicholas, saloon and billiard
hall. Main
Crotti John, miner, Gregory
Crees J. W. carpenter. Eureka
Crown Margaret Mrs. Gregory
Currier Geo. AV. capitalist, Lawrence
Curtis Ralph, miner, Gregory
Cushman Samuel, editor Register, Ili^h
Cudehay Edward, miner, Gregory
D
\LE LIZZIE MRS. r. Third
Daly James, miner, P. 0. Central
Dann Peter, miner, Eureka
Darlington AV. T. engineer, Spring
Davids AVilliam, miner, Gregory
Day Albert, clerk, JIain
A.Farrar&Co.,Agts.Wheeler&WiIson Sewing Machiiies,for Colorado, Wyoming & N Mexico.
CENTRAL DIRECTORY.
347
INSURANCE
Of any kind to place, will conserve their
interestii by consulting
REICHAJiD & WINyE, General Agents,
DENVER, COLORADO.
Day John, gunsmith, r. Nevada
Davis L. Mrs. boarding, Spring
Davis Samuel, farmer, Spring
Davis R. miner, Lawrence
Davis Albert, miner, Lawrence
Davis Leander, miner, Spring
Davey Richard, miner, P. 0. Central
Daugherty Edward, miner, P. 0. Central
Decker Charles, miner, Casey av.
De Emmett , miner, P. 0. Central
Deit.S John, saloonkeeper, Gregory
Delany Jolin, miner, Spring
Depis JL J. miner, P. U. Central
Dickinson S. F. Rev. Congregational
clergyman, Third
Dillon Ann Mrs. Lawrence
Bimmery John, ladies' and gents' hair
dresser and barber, Main
Dinners Samuel, miner, Lawrence
Ditrick George, miner, P. O. Central
Dixon Thomas, miner, P. O. Central
Dixon Michael, miner, Eureka
Dobson Henry R. barkeeper, Main
Dobson William, miner, Lawrence
Dodge Henry, miner. Main
Dolen Edward, miner, Nevada
Dostal & BrO. butchers and provision
dealers, whol. and retail, Main and
Spring
Dostal J. 0. butcher. Main
Dostal J. F. butcher, Main
Dostal J. W. Miss, P. 0. Central
Donelly George, miner, P. 0. Central
Douglas Lewis J. millman, Spring
Dougherty Peter, miner, Gregory
Doyle Patrick, miner, Gregory
Doyle James, saloonkeeper, r. Spring
Doyle Pierce, miner, P. 0. Central
Driver William, miner, P. 0. Central
Dunham Henry, barber. Main
Duncan John, miner, P. 0. Central
Dunnigan P. H. miner, P. 0. Central
Dunn Thomas, miner, Eureka
Dwen Ed. L. engineer, Spring
T?AGAN THOMAS, miner, Gregory
Ede John, miner, Gregory
Edloif Abel, miner, Gregory
Eduumson W. physician and surgeon,
office, cor. Main and Eureka
Edward Nat. deputy sheriff, P 0.
Central, or Caribou, G. I. D. B. C.
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL
COM:X»A.i\Y.
ALL POLICIES NON-FORFEITINC.
Dr. S. S. ■WalliliiiM, (icncral A-ci,t,
DEIfVEIi, - - - COLOll.llK}.
Edwards Richard, miner, Gregory
Ellerbeck Fred, cabinetmaker, Fuurih
Elliot Conrad, miner, P. O. Central
Elliot John, miner, Gregory
Ellis IV. T. Dr. druggist. Main
Elsam John, miner, P. O. Cenirul
Engeskirchen H. brewer, M.iin
Ennis Lawrence, miner, P. O. Central
Ernest Daniel, barber. Main, r. I'ine
Eustis Bartholomew, miner, Gregory
Evans David, miner. Spring
Evans JL F. miner, Spring
Ewers James, miner, Nevada
FAULDING JOSIAII, miner, V. 0.
Central
Fisher James, miner, P. 0. Central
Fisher James, engineer, Lawrence
Flanagan L. miner, Lawrence
Flood John, foreman Lexington mill*!, P.
0. Central
Fohey Thomas, miner, P. 0. Central
Fohey Richard, miner, P. O. Ccniral
Folster Theo. miner, Gregory
Fossett Frank, editor, Colorado JItrald,
Spring
Fowley Richard, miner, P. 0. Central
France Mrs. Gregory
Franks J. C. miner, Spring
Freas L. M. dealer in general merchan-
dise, Lawrence
French J. W. miner, P. 0. Central
Freeman John, blacksmith, V. (>. Cenfrnl
Freeman Anstin, wood dealer and miner,
P. 0. Central
Freeman W. H. miner, Packard
Fritz Edward, stock raiser. Gregory
Frogsatt E. blacksmitli, Gregory
Fry'^George, miner, P. 0. Ccnlnil
Fry Thonins, miner. High
Flirnald Alonzo, druggist, Casey aT.
ri ALER JOSEPH, miner, Gregory
Ganson W. II. ranchman, V. 0. Central
Gardner D. W. carpenter. Eureka
Garry John, miner, Lawrence
Gastange D. miner, P. O. Contra!
Gearhart George, jeweler, Nevada
Gebhard Henry, butcher. Spring
Georgo Joseph, miner. Lawrence
Gibson Nellie xMrs. Spring
348
CENTHAL DIRECTORY.
Dou"t insure life or property until you read the list
of sterling companies lepresented by
On the uppT left hnnd corner of the ten
preceding pages in this book.
Aggregate Assets, Sixty-five Million Dollars.
Ko "Shoo Fly" Companies represented.
Cince, Holladay Street, opp. Mint, Denver, Col.
(Tidtlings E. J. fvgt- Northwestern Life
Iiisunince Co. Lawrence
Gilbert Edward, miner, Third
Giun John M. attorney at law and police
judge, office, Main, r. Eureka
Gleig Peter S. machinist, Lawrence
(wleildilieil J. Y. painter, shop, Law-
rence, r. High
Goeize H. miner, P. 0. Central
Goldsmith Thomas, miner, Lawrence
Good Adam, Rocky Mountain Brewery,
Eureka
Goldman E. merchant, r. High
Goodall Anthony, laborer, High
Goodfellow A. E. waterman, Lawrence
Gorgensen John, miner, Sp'-ing
Govsoline W. R. lawyer. Main
Goss E. F. miner, Gregory
Grant Janios R. blacksmith. Spring
Grant John, carpenter, Bridge
Grant D. E. miner. Spring
Gray John, miner. Eureka
Grannis Henry, notary public, r. Tine
Greenlee James, miner, Eureka
HA BEN JOHN, hostler, P. 0.
Central
Hach Frank, miner, Gregory
Hat'cr J. B. miner. Spring
Hahn S. B. lawyer, Lawrence
Hall Moses, laborer. Eureka
Hambly Thomas, blacksmith, Eureka
Hambly James, miner, Lawrence
Hambly Ed. miner, Packard
Hambly William, miner, Lawrence
Hammond Wm. 0. miner, P. 0. Central
Hank Jacob, miner, Eureka
Hanchett Ed. miner, P. 0. Central
Hannah Wm. miner, Lawrence
Hansen Andrew, miner, Lawrence
Hanscome L. carpenter and builder,
Gregory
Harington H. miner, Lawrence
Harington Con. miner, P. 0. Central
Harington J. miner, P. 0. Central
Harlow J. F. patternmaker, Casey av.
Harmon Lewis, miner, St. James
Harper W. H. merchant, P. 0. Central
Hard Cyrus, mill owner, Main
Hart & Schle.ssinger, mnfrs. and deal-
ers in lumber, sash, blinds, doors,
shingles, etc. Gregory
Hart David F. lumber dealer, Gregory
Hart "William, miner, P. 0. Central
Haskell N. D. miner, Eureka
Haston George, miner, P. 0. Central
Harvey Richard, carpenter, P. 0. Central
Harvey Christ, miner, P. O. Central
Hatch John, jeweler, r. High
Hathaway C. G. clerk, court, P. 0. Cen-
tral
Haivley H. J. merchant, r Nevada
Hawley S. B. miner, P. 0. Central
Hays 5lartin B. mining agt. Eureka
Hayward J. F. painter, Nevada
Hearna James J. miner, P. 0. Central
Heiser Herman H. saddler and dealer in
saddlery, harnesses, etc. Lawrence
Helme Asher, miner, Gregory
Henderson David, miner, P. 0. Central
Henderson Joseph, miner. High
Hepburne Henry, miner, Packard
Henshaw Robert, barber. Main
Ilerrick W. W. miner. Eureka
Herrick Mrs. A. Eureka
Herrick H. A. miner. Eureka
Hern S. H. printer, P. 0. Central
Hense J. H. jeweler, Main
Heustia A. J. miner, P. 0. Central
Ilickey W, H. miner, Gregory
Hickcox George, ranchman, P.O. Central
lliggins Thomas, miner, P. 0. Central
Hill Geo. civil engineer, P. 0. Central
Hillary Chas. confectioner, Wain
Hill E. A. blacksmith, P. O. Central
Hilton S. W. miner, Casey av.
Ilimes James, miner, Prosser
Hincs John, ranchman, P. 0. Central
Hines Edward, miner, Gregory
Hinman John B. miner, Spring
Hines J. D. carpenter. Spring
Hinds B. S. miner. Spring
Hisart Frank, miner, Lawrence
Hite J. miner, Casey av.
Hocking Alfred, miner, Gregory
Hogan James, miner, Nevada
Holl'master Henry, butcher, Spring
Holmes James, tailor Main
Holmes John, miner. Main
Holmes Edgar, miner. Eureka
Holmes Isaac, laborer. Eureka
Hooper Thomas, brickmaker, Spring
Hooper George, brickmaker. Spring
Holcomb John, teamster. Eureka
Holstein, Benj. clothing dealer, Main
Hoskins Mrs. E. Lawrence
Humphrey S. W. millman. Eureka
Hurst Joseph, dealer in groceries, junc-
tion of Gregory and Lawrence
Huntd John, butcher. Eureka
Hutchinson James, miner, Gregory
Huston William, miner, P. 0. Central
JACKSON ALFRED, ranchman, P. 0.
Central
OYER 500,000 WHEELER & WILSON SEWING MACHINES in Daily U.o.
CENTRAL DIRECTORY.
349
Lorlllarfl Fire Insurance Company
NEW YORK.
ASSETS, - - ^l.TOO.OOO
REICHAED & WINNE, Agents,
DEyvEJt, - - . coroMAno.
Jacoby Rudolph, miner, P. 0. Central
James James, miner, Gregory
James .William, miner, Lawrence
Jefferson WiHiaiii, City restaurant,
Lawrence
Jeffry John, miner, P. 0. Central
JefiFry William, miner, P. 0. Central
Jenkins John P. miner, P. 0. Central
Jenkins David, miner, Casey av.
Jennings , miner, P. 0. Central
Johns Henry, miner, Lawrence
Johns Stephen, miner, Gregory
Johns W. H. miner, P. 0. Central
Johns John H. policeman, Packard
Johnson Cliarles J. custom and mer-
chant tailor, Main, nr. Fonda & Fur-
nald's drug store
Johnson Charles, tailor, High
Johnson James, miner, P. 0. Central
Johnson Charles A. brewer, P. 0. Cen-
tral
Johnson H. A. lawyer, Eureka
Johnson P. C. miner. Main
Jones WiHiani, saloonkeeper, Lawrence
Jones E. hair dressing and shaving sa-
loon. Main
Jones Si Townsend, hair dressing and
shaving saloon, Main
Jones A. H. city marshal, r. Nevada
Jones W. H. plasterer, P. 0. Centra'
Jones R. H. carpenter, Lawrence
Jones Samuel, miner, Lawrence
Jones W. H. miner, P. 0. Central
Jones Edwin, miner, Main
Jones C. miner, Nevada
Jones Robert, miner, P. 0. Central
Jonson Charles, boot and shoe dealer.
Main
Jordan John, miner, Gregory
Jur^ens Jacob, Big Barn sale and feed
stable, Gregory
Julbert Richard, miner, Third
TT^AFLA LOUIS, miner. Main
Kanber W. S. miner, Eureka
Kearn John, miner, Lawrence
Keene F. miner, P. 0. Central
Kelly Thomas, miner. Eureka
Kelly James, miner, Eureka
Kellet R. G. miner, Nevada
Kennedy William R. probate judge,
office, Main, r. Lawrence
Tlie Nortlf estera llil
LIFE INSUEAKCE CC.
Receipts in 1870, - - - S.'{,«>70.;uo (17
LosMe.s paid Bime oiganiziaioii, 1,7UU,000 00
Dr. S. S. Wallihan, Gea'l Agt.,
J3 Ji" ,^v T'^JK Jr^ ,
COJ-.OJt^lJtf).
Kendall S. P. watchmaker, Main
Kerton 1\I. miner, Lawrence
Kettron R. AV. carpctiter, p. (). Central
Kid James, stock raiser, r. Gregory
Kieser Gotleib, miner, P. 0. Central
Kiessig Charles, gunsmith and lock-
smith, Lawrence
Kimball J. C. clerk, Main
Kimball Gordon, clerk. Main
Kimber Charles, miner. Eureka
Kimber J. B. millnian, Grcfrory
Kinney A. shoemaker. Main
King A. T. miner, P. 0. Central
King James, miner, P. 0. Central
King John, miner, P. 0. Central
King John, miner, Lawrence
Kinzebeck John, miner, Nevada
Kippen George, carpenter, P. O. Central
Kirby Edward, miner. Spring
Kissinger Jacob, miner, Gregory
Kleins George J. miner, Gregory
Klepple Geo. miner. Main
Kneale Thomas, miner, Gregory
Koepel J. miner. Main
Kotfat Hynes, laborer, Nevada
Koroch William, miner, Nevada
Krug G. miner, P. O. Central
Kruse John, grocer's clerk, Gregory
Kruger William, barkeeper, Main
Kouse Peter, miner, P. <). Central
Kruse 11. Jacob, dealer in groceries
and provisions, miners' supplies, and
bakery, Gregory
Kruse Hrothers, dealers in groceries,
provisions and miners' sui'plie.s, Greg-
ory
Kruse H. J. grocer, Gregory
Kruse F. grocer, Gregory
Kruse Gustavus, grocer, Gregory
Kufed John, mechanic. Main
Kushter Fred, miner, P. O. t'eniral
X ACKEY SAMUEL, miner. High
Lalie & Hawley, dealers in staple and
fancy groceries, cor. Main an.! Hn. let-
Lake Benjamin, merchant, r. cor. Main
and Bridge
Lake AVilliam M. salesman, r. llipli
Lake David D. grocer, r. Eureka
Lake R. C. grocer, Main
La Ilayc Gcorjje 31. n.iner, P. (>. Cen-
tral
350
CENTRAL DIRECTORY.
GEO. B. CRATER.
CHAS. D. COBB.
CRATER & COBB,
ISSDEANCE AND GENERAL AGENTS
Notaries Public and Conveyancers,
Holladay Street, opp. Mint,
ISKJ^VEK, - COLiOHA-DO.
Lane Dennis, miner, Spring
Lang-den Patrick, saloon, Main
Larson Nelson, miner, P. 0. Central
Larson Chris, miner, T. 0. Central
Larkin John, millman, P. 0. Central
Larry Edwin, miner, P. 0. Central
Lartz Thomas, miner, Lawrence
Laniard Wm. powder agt. Lawrence
Laiigliran Eiios, miner, Lawrence
Lavln 3Iiss Nellie, dress and cloak
maker. Bridge
Lawrence Peter, shoemaker, Main
Layden P. saloonkeeper, r. Third
Leahy Marcus, miner, P. 0. Central
Leahy John, miner, P. 0. Central
Le Cavalier, J. E. miner, Lawrence
Lee Jeremiah, miner. High
Lee Thomas, laborer. Spring
Lee Jerry, miner. High
Leathers D. miner, Gregory
Leland Charles M. attorney at law, jus-
tice of the peace, and notary public,
office, with probate judge. Main
Lemkiilil William, prop. City Brewery,
Eureka
Lewis Oscar, livery stable, Lawrence
Linderman B. miner, Gregory
Lindsay John, miner, P. O. Central
Linsley William, miner, Casey av.
Linsley Taylor, miner, Casey av.
Liss John, miner, Spring
Livingston L. D. miner, Main
Lobach Israel, shoemaker, Main
Lodd W. B. miner, Spring
Logan Cyprus, miner, P. 0. Central
Long W. H. mechanic. Pine
Long Benjamin, miner. Spring
Long Joseph, miner, Lawrence
Loring Charles, carpenter and builder,
shop, Gregory, r. Eureka
Lorane Sylvester, miner, P. 0. Central
Lorah S. J. clerk, r. Third
Lorenzen Peter, miner, Gregory
Loshbaugh C. E. miner, Pine
Loughran James, teamster, Gregory
Loughraa John, miner, Gregory
Loughran Frank, miner, Lawrence
Loughran Hugh, miner, Lawrence
Lowring Edward, miner, Packard
Lugg Cyprus, miner, P. 0. Central
Lucas William, miner, Lawrence
Lynn E. A. miner, Nevada
Lyon Cyrus A. miner, Nevada
MABEE GEORGE W. clerk, r. Law-
rence
Machin Patrick, miner, P. 0. Central
Mack Jacob, Rocky Mountain Brewery,
Eureka
Mack M. brewer. Eureka
Madgean John, miner, P. 0. Central
Maginnis Frank, miner, Lawrence
Maginnis John, miner, Lawrence
Magliire Thomas, butcher and pro-
vision dealer, Lawrence, r. Spring
^Lalone Aaron, engineer, Gregory
Manville J. S. D. miner. Eureka
>Lartin P. M. merchant, r. High
Martens Detlef, shoemaker, Gregory
Marcom James, miner, P. O. Central
Martin Wm. miner, Lawrence
Marlow D. printer. Register ofBce
Marshall P. W. miner, Spring
Marsh W. H. clerk. Main
Mason Tilton, miner. High
Mason J. F. miner, High
^Mathews Charles, millman, P. 0. Central
Mather Charles W. miner, Gregory
Meagher Thomas, miner, Lawrence
Medley A. clerk, P. 0. Central
Mensel Charles H. miner, Spring
Meller Samuel, millman, Lawrence
Merick Hiram, miner, Gregory
Merrill Amos H. ranchman, P. 0. Central
Jlessinger F. C. printer, Pine
Meyers William, saloonkeeper, Law-
rence, r. Nevada
Meyers Mary S. Mrs. Spring
Meyer J. miner. Main
Meyers Fred, miner, Gregory
Miller C. C. dealer in provisions and
staple and fancy groceries, Gregory
Miller George D. miner, P. O. Central
Miller Samuel, miner, Lawrence
Miller J. B. roiner, Bridge
Miller L. D. blacksmith, Nevada
Mills James, broker, Lawrence
Mitchell Edward, cook, Lawrence
Mitchell D. H. Rev. Presbyterian cler-
gyman. Spring
Mitchell J. G. miner, Lawrence
Mellor George, miner, Lawrence
Moore M. K. carpenter and builder,
Eureka
Morellc J. C. miner. Eureka
Morgan John R. blacksmith, P.O. Central
Morris John E. miner, Lawrence
Morris Robert, laborer, P. 0. Central
^lorrison W. H. miner. Eureka
Morrison S. B. miner. Main
Moyle John, miner, Lawrence
Morse H. B. lawyer. Eureka
Mullen Thomas, expressman, Lawrence
Mullen Thomas, miner, P. 0. Central
Mullin Patrick, miner, P. 0. Central
Mullin Michael, miner, P. 0. Central
Western Agts. for Wheeler & Wilson Seizing Machines, 209 G St., Deiivr r.
CENTRAL DIRECTORY. grjj
REICHARD & WINNE,
TUE LEADiyO
INSURANCE AGENTS
OF COLORADO,
IlaTing iftiirned 810,000 more preminniB for 1S70
than any other agency in Colorado,
Mummer D. S. miner, Nevada
Jliindie V>m. miner, Spring
Miirpliy Joseph, salesman, Gregory
Murphy James, miner, Packard
Murphy John, miner, P. 0. Central
Mc Bride R. J. miner, Eureka
MeCall & Lewis, Central Stables, liv-
ery, feed and sale, Lawrence
McCall N. H. Lawrence
McClusky Thomas F. miner, P. 0.
Central
McClusky John F. miner, P. 0. Central
McFarland P. B. contractor and builder,
Eureka
lIcFarland W. 0. contractor and builder,
Eureka
McFarland J. Peter, prop. City res-
taurant, Lawrence
^fcGee James M. miner, P. 0. Central
McGIothlin F. miner, P. 0. Central
McUuise-: , miner, P. 0. Central
Mcintosh Thomas, miner, Gregory
McKinney Albert S. photographic
artist, Main
McKennay D. H. laborer, P.O. Central
McLaughlin R. M. miner, P. 0. Central
McLead Alex. D. miner, P. 0. Central
McMarnara John, miner, Lawrence
^IcOmber Warren, miner. Eureka
JlcShane J. C, P. O. Central
McShane J. C. merchant, Nevada
McWithay , millman, Gregory
McWithey D. H. millman, Casey av.
"VTAGLES WILLIAM, miner, Eureka
Nash E. D. clerk, post office, r. Lawrence
Neeley J. D. miner, Lawrence
Seilson Matthew, baker and confec-
tioner, Main
Neilson Peter, miner, P. 0. Central
Neilson Thomas, miner, P. 0. Central
Neidalmier Joseph, carpenter. Eureka
Neidalmier Favre, carpenter. Eureka
Nelson Wm. H. millman, P. 0. Central
Newton George, engineer, Prosser
Newman Aug. miner, Gregory
Newton H. U. miner, Gregory
Nicholson James, butcher and grocer, r.
Spring
>'icholson Wm. provision dealer. Spring
Nicholson David, clerk. Spring
NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Co.
Holds a Four Per Cent. Ueoerre.
Perpetual Charter and rerpctuat Securitji.
DR. S, S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DENVKR, COKOKADO.
Nichols Foster, agt. Dupont Powder (o.
Main
Nichols S. clerk. Main
Nichols William, miner, Lawremce
Northey John, miner, P. O. Central
Nosley Valentine, barkeeper, Main
Nossnian L. T. miner, Gregory
Nlickols C. notary public, Lawrence
0
AKLIN CHARLES, miner, Main
Oats William, miner, P. 0. Central
O'Brien Lawrence, miner P. O. Central
O'Connell T. miner. Spring
Ogden Richard, miner, P. 0. Central
Ogden John, miner, P. (). Central
O'Donohugh H. min^r, P. 0. Central
Ohm J. miner. Main
Oldwciler Philip, miner. Spring
Oldham Robert, teamster, Gregory
O'Nei) Constantine, blackj^niiili. Gregory
Opie John, miner, P. 0. Central
Orbinson John, miner. Eureka
OskinsJohn, miner. Packard
O'SIlCil Tliomas, blacksmith. Gregoiy
Otto C. miner. Main
Owen John Q. A. blacksmith, Eureka
Owens Alfred, agt. Pleasant Valley Gulch
Mining Co. P. 0. Central
Owen N. D. miner. Spring
Owens William, miner, Spring
■pALMETER H. C. miner. Gregory
Parent Sidney, millraan, P. 0. Cenirnl
Parker Robert, miner, High
Patten George A. prop. Pioneer Express
Line, Eureka
Paul Henry C. plasterer, P. 0. Centrnl
Patsey Conrad, miner, Spring
Parch George, miner. Spring
Pearpeart Michael, tailor, Main
Pearce Richard W. miner, Gregory
Pearce William, miner. Gregory
Pearce Henry, miner. P. O. Central
Pearce John, miner, Gregory
Pearce Emanuel, miner, Gregory
Pease B. F. mill owner, P. O. Central
Peart Edward, miner, P. 0. Central
Peers 0. B. merchant. Main
Perrigrrine .John I), surviyor. Main
Perry George, miner, P. (>• Central
Peller Joseph, miner, Lawrence
CENTRAL DIRECTORY.
Tie Moloal Life Imrance Co.
OX'' JX^JE TF' X-' OUT-C.
Largest auil Ijest in the ■world.
ASSETS, S'45,000,000, CASH
CRATER <Se COBB, Agents,
Ilolladay Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Ci)Iorii(io.
Peller AV. H. miner, Lawrence
Penberty R. H. miner, Gregory
Pflugbaut Joe. miner. Main
Phelps Gilbert, laborer. Spring
Phillips A. W. clerk, Eureka
Phillips Irving, miner, Lawi-ence
Pierce Alfred, blacksmith, Lawrence
Pierce Julius, miner. Main
Pike A. clerk, P. 0. Central
Pippin James, miner, Main
Pitts J. W. prop, brewery, Central
Pippin Darius, miner, P. (). Central
Plumb F. M. speculator. High
Plumb J. B. printer, Rrghti r (llicc
Plumb Nelson, millman, P. O. Central
Pollock Thomas, miner, Gregory
Post C C lawyer, r. Eureka
Powell George, saloonkeeper, r. Pine
Power Roger F. machinist, Eureka
Poynter Henry, miner, Third
Pryan Thomas, miner, P. 0. Central
Price John H. engineer. High
Pugh George A. gentleman, r. Nevada
Putnam Paulina Mrs. boarding, Eureka
Pulglaze John, miner, Lawrence
Purmont C. S. miner. High
Q
UEEN JOHN, miner, P. 0. Central
Queen TVilli.am, miner and ranchman,
P. O. Central
Qliig'ley E. I), agt. for David Barnes,
whol. flour and teed, Main
Quinn Thomas, miner, P. O. Central
RANDOLPH GEORGE E. mining ngt.
Lawrence
Raber Fred, miner, Lawrence
Raisch Dorick, miner, P. 0. Central
Raverdy John B. Rev. Catholic priest.
Central
Rank John M. miner, Lawrence
Ramsey J. B. miner. Third
Reamer .Jolin, miner, Gregory
Keed & McKinney, photographic rooms.
Main
Reed William II. photographic artist.
Main
Reed G. B. lawyer, Main
Reed Clinton, lawyer. Main
Reicharecker A. miner, Eureka
Reicord John, miner. Spring
Remine A. Mrs. boarding, Nevada
Raynolds J. 0. agt. Hazard Powder Co.
Lawrence
Reynolds J. S. banker, Casey av.
Richardson Miss Sarah J. Nevada
Rich C. F. assistant postmaster, r. Nevada
Rickard Charles, miner, Packard
Richart Henry, butcher, Gregory
Richards William, miner, Lawrence
Richardson Peter, miner, P. 0. Central
Richards C. F. miner, Gregory
Rickards J. M. miner, P. O. Central
Rice A. H. miner, Lawrence
Rice Catherine Mrs. P. 0. Central
Ridgley J. G. miner. Third
Riley William, expressman. Eureka
Riley George W. miner, Spring
Roach I'aul, miner. Spring
Robins Bart, miner, P. 0. Central
Robinson J. S. miner. Spring ^
Roche Derrick, stableman, Eureka
Uock John, miner, Gregory
llockivell L. ('. attorney, r. and office,
Lawrence
Rockwell D. W. miner, P. 0. Central
Rockwell W. B. mining operator, Law-
rence
Rodgers James, miner, P. O. Central
Rogers A. N. mining agent, Lawrence
Rogers J. H. mining agent. Third
Robbins Patrick, miner, P. 0. Central
Ronier Peter, shoemaker. Main
Romer John, laborer, P. 0. Central
Romer George, miner, Casey av.
Romer Theo. miner, Casey av.
Root M. H. contractor. Eureka
lioot William B. engineer, Eureka
Rourke Eugene, miner, P. 0. Central
Howe Mich, miner. Third
Howe W. h. miner, P. (). Central
Howe William, miner, P. O. Central
Roworth W. M. merchant and mayor of
city, .Main
. Roworth F. ^L merchant. Main
Ruby George, laborer. High
Rule E. boot and shoemaker, Lawrence
Rush Roreick, laborer, P. 0. Central
Russell B. F. miner. Eureka
SABIN GEORGE K. mining operator,
Casey av.
Salsman Jacob, butcher. Main
Salsburg W. H. mining operator, P. 0.
Central
Saner Oto, merchant. Main
Samuels Henry, plasterer, Gregory
Sarton James, miner, Nevada
Sawin F. O. miner, Gregory
Sayr Hal, civil engineer and adjutant
general Territory, Eureka
Sciimetz Henry, saloonkeeper, Lawrence
Schmitt Frederick, boarding, Gregory
TRY THE WHEELER & WILSON NOISELESS SET\7NG MACHINE.
CENTRAL DIRECTORY.
353
OF CHICAGO, ILL.
.A.SSETS, _ - _ $S00,000
REICHARD Sl WINNE, Agents, Denver, Colo.
Scliiiiidt & Jeniier, merchant and cus-
tom tailors, Bridge
Schmidt N. tailor, Bridge
Schneider D. dealer in boots and shoes,
Main
Schlessing-er T. S. lumber dealer, Greg-
ory
Schlessinger S. V. lumber clerk, Law-
rence
Sclieideinantel Charles, saloon and bill-
iard hall, Main
Schellenkan Joseph, stonemason, Spring
Schaffint Henry, miner. Eureka
Schaffint L. miner, Eureka
ScarfiF E. N. ranchman, P. 0. Central
Schuer John, miner. Eureka
Schneider J. H. clerk. Main
Sclimitz Henry, saloonkeeper, Lawrence
Schneider J. W. miner. Main
Scott J. C. carpenter, P. 0. Central
Scott Smith, carpenter, P. 0. Central
Scott R. W. miner, Spring
Scott G. 0. carpenter, Eureka
Schnider Conrad, merchant, r. Eureka
Schomecker A. miner. Eureka
Schmeder J. W. miner, Main
Scannel J. miner, Main
Schultz Louis, miner, Pine
Schram George, miner, Casey av.
Schlapkohl Claus, miner, Gregory
Schustler Jos. miner, P. 0. Central
Schulz Avon Prof, mining engineer and
assayer, office, Lawrence
Schellenger John L. deputy sheriff, agt.
Montana Gold Mining Co. and insur-
ance agt. Spring
Schoolfield S. miner, Lawrence
Scudder John, mining agt. P. 0. Central
Seavey Mason M. commission merchant,
P. 0. Central
Sears VV. F. tobacconist. Main
Sessler Fred, furniture dealer, Main
Sessler & Seaurs, whol. grocery dealers.
Main
Sessler , whol. grocer. Main
ShaefiFer J. W. millman. Eureka
Shaeifer John J. G. teamster. Eureka
Shseffer Daniel W. miner. Eureka
Shseffer B. B. M. teamster. Eureka
Shaefifer Fred. A. miner. Eureka
Shafer J. B. stonemason. Pine
Shephard Daniel, miner, P. 0. Central
Shea Daniel D. miner, Lawrence
23
NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Company
Loans at 12 per cent, on Real Kstate
Security.
DE. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DENVKR, CDLOI-.ADu.
Shea Patrick, miner, Lawrence
Shea John B. miner, Lawrence
Shea Michael, miner, JIain
Sherwood William, miner, Lawrence
Shluster Cloas, shoemaker, Gregory
Shope Rudolphus, miner, P. 0. Central
Short William Henry, shoe dealer,
Gregory
Shaw James, miner, Nevada
Shindy David, miner. Spring
Shupp D. W. engineer, r. Pine
Sick John, miner, Gregory
Simmons E. T. carpenter, Nevaila
Simms G. B. miner, P. 0. Central
Simpson Thomas, miner, P. 0. Central
Simpson N. P. miner, Lawrence
Siss John, carpenter, Spring
Skinner Malvin A. miner, Casey av.
Smith Fred, millman. Spring
Smith William, laborer, Spruce
Smith Eben- mining operator, Casey av.
Smith F. C. millman, Spring
Smith Robert, miner, P. 0. Central
Smith Jack, miner. High
Smith Chris, miner, Lawrence
Smith J. Aldeu, metallurgist, r. Tliird,
P. 0. Central
Smock R. H. National Hotel, Lawrence
Sowden James, miner, Gregory
Sowden John, miner, Gregory
Sparks Richard, saloonkeeper. Main
Spanner Peter, engineer. Eureka
Spalding Ed. miner. Eureka
Springer William, miner. Spring
Sparks Richard, miner. Main
Staiford Edgar L. stonemason. Eureka
Stag John, miner, P. 0. Central
Stanton I. W. register, land otlice,
Eureka, r. High
Stevens AYilliani C. miner, Eureka
Story S. C. miner, Eureka
Stegner Goorije, merchant, r. Eureka
Strasburg Charles, bookkeeper, r. Third
StrausburgChas. lumber clerk, Lawrence
Stevens James, miner, Eureka
Strehlke Julius, saloon and billiard
hall, junction Lawrence and Gregory
Sutton John B. miner, P. 0. Central
Sutton N. S. miner, P. 0. Central
Sutherland James, teamster, P. 0. Cen-
tral
Sullivan Tim. miner, P. 0. Central
Sugg James, miner, Gregory
354
CENTRAL DIRECTORY.
THE )ETNA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY
o^" i3:-a.e.t:fok-3D.
4®=- Assets, nearly six million doUars."^^
Losses paid, 527,000,000 in 51 years.
NEEDS NO COMMENDATION.
Cratek & Cobb, Agents, Holladay Street,
0pp. Mint, Denver, Col.
Sweet R. W. physician and surgeon,
office. Main
Sweetzer C. H. whol. fruit store, and
storage and commission, cor. Spring
and Bridge
TALLMAN JACOB, miner, P. 0.
Central
Taneberger Charles, brewer, P.O. Central
Tappan W. H. hardware dealer, Law-
rence
Tascher Jacob, mill owner. Eureka
Taylor William, miner, Lawrence
Teats John, prop. Exchange saloon, cor.
Gregory and Spring
Teats Robert, miner, Gregory
Teats Eugene H. miner, Gregory
Teese Conrad, miner, Nevada
Teller H. M. lawyer. Eureka
Teller Williard, lawyer, Eureka
Terry Ira E. dealer in cigars, fruit,
confectionery, etc. Main
Terry Samuel, laborer, P. 0. Central
Terry Samuel, stage driver. Eureka
Terrell Elijah, miner, P. O. Central
Terrell Thomas, miner, P. 0. Central
Thatcher J. A. banker, r. Casey av.
Thueuy Charles, mechanic. Main
Thomas Richard, miner, Lawrence
Thomas John, miner, Lawrence
Thompson J. R. miner, Main
Tboney Frank, miner, Gregory
Tiarnay John, stonemason, Gregory
Tiffany W. W. miner, P. 0. Central
Tiffany J. W. merchant, r. High
Tippett Ed. miner, Lawrence
Tishler Joseph, dealer in fruit, cigars,
tobacco and confectionery. Main
Tiernan H. L. tinsmith. Main
Tolles L. C. physician and surgeon,
office, Main, r. Lawrence
Torb John, millman, Eureka
Torrier Joseph, mason. Eureka
Towiisend W. A. hair dressing and
sliaving saloon. Main
Travis David, miner, Lawrence
Trevillian James, miner, P. 0. Central
Trossan Jacob, saloonkeeper. City Brew-
ery, Eureka
Truan John, miner, Packard
Tunis Joseph C. miner, Pine
Turck John, mining operator, P. 0.
Central
Turck Titus, restaurant. Spring
Tucker E. Mrs. Gregory
Turner George F. expressman. Eureka
Turner Joseph M. Rev. Episcopal cler-
gyman, Lawrence
Tyrer Simon, miner. Eureka
TTLRICH FRED, miner, Eureka
Updegraff Joseph, miner, Eureka
UpdegrafF ^\ Dr. U. S. revenue collect-
or, second district, office, cor. Main
and Lawrence, r. Eureka
Updike William, miner. Pine
"TTIDAL MAURICE, miner, Spring
Valentine S. H. mining operator, Eureka
Valentine Phebe Mrs. High
Van Ablo Charles, miner, P. 0. Central
A^an Camp A. dealer in meats of all
kinds, and provisions, Gregory
Tan Ueren A. J. mining operator. Eureka
Velnowith W. J. miner, P. 0. Central
Vivian F. J. miner, P. 0. Central
Vivian Thomas, miner, Gregory
TTTAGGONER JOHN, miner, Casey
Wakeley E. Judge, lawyer, Lawrence
and Main
Walker J. H. miner, Eureka
Walrod Abram, laborer, P. (). Central
Walters Edward, miner, Packard
Walters Charles, miner, Nevada
Wannemaker , miner, P. 0. Central
Waltdsohniidt (xustave, agt. Peoria
Mutual and Benevolent Association,
Central
Ward L. P. telegraph operator, Lawrence
Ward Joseph, miner, Lawrence
Ward Elijah, miner, Lawrence
Ward Joseph P. miner, Gregory
Watterman John, laborer, Lawrence
Watson David, miner. High
Warner J. D. druggist, Central
Washington Martin, miner, Eureka
Webb William, miner, Gregory
Webber Joseph, miner, P 0. Central
Weber Charles, furniture dealer, Main
Weeks Charles, miner, Casey av.
Weidman James, miner. High
Weil L. merchant, r. Pine
Welch James, miner, P. 0. Central
Wells John, hostler, P. 0. Central
Wells E. T. lawyer, P. 0. Central
Wells John, teamster. Eureka
Wentworth Charles, prop. Connor
House. Main ■
Werley Peter J. miner. Main
Werley Val. miner. Main
A. Farrar & Co., Agts. Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machines, 209 G St., Denver.
CENTRAL DIRECTORY.
355
REPUBLIC INSURANCE CO.
OF CHICAGO, IZL.
Assets, over - . . $1,300)000
COLORADO BRANCH,
BEICHAKD & "WINNE, Managers,
DENVER, COLORADO.
Weston & Weber, whol. and retail
furniture dealers, Main
Weston Chas. M, furniture dealer,
Main
West Wm. E. ranchman, P. 0. Central
Westgate Alfred, miner. Eureka
Westover J. D. miner, P. 0. Central
White James T. saloonkeeper, Lawrence
White Henry, mechanic. Eureka
Whiting William A. mining operator,
Lawrence
Whalen John, miner, P. 0. Central
Wieschan F. W. miner, P. 0. Central
Wieser Bernard, miner, P. 0. Central
Wightman W. W. agt. Eureka Foundry,
Eureka
Wiley p. dealer in fancy and staple
groceries and provisions, Gregory
Wilcox L. R. molder. Eureka
Williams F. M. liveryman, Gregory
Williams Henry B. miner, Gregory
Williams Mary A. Mrs. Lawrence
Wilson Walter, miner, P. 0. Central
Wilcosson L N. lawyer, Main
THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUU
LIFE INSUEAITCE CO.
Charges NO EXTRA PRKMIUM on Lire* of Col-
orado Miuers.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DENVER, - - . COLORADO.
Wilder Eugene, foreman Central City
Register, Eureka
Wiggers James, miner. High
Wilmers Louis, miner, Eureka
Wilmot Robert, blacksmith, Gregory
Wisehart B. W. clothing dealer, Main
Wohlgesinger Gotlieb, physician and
surgeon. Main
Wolcott L. H. miner, P. 0. Central
Wolcott 0. T. miner, Gregory
Wood James D. postmaster, r. Nevada
Y
ANSQN F. miner. Main
Young Frank C. bookkeeper, Thatcher
& Standley's Bank, Main
Young John, miner, Nevada
Young J. Austin, miner, P. 0. Central
Young William, miner, P. 0. Central
Young Nat. bank clerk. Main
IGLER CASPAR, livery stable,
Gregory
z
Zwerfel J. J. miner, Nevada
356
CENTRAL DIRECTORY.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
BAKERS.
Black Philip, Main
Cassels John, Main
Kruse Brothers, Gregory
Neilson Matthew, Main
Roworth & Co.
BANKERS.
Buell Bela S. r. St. James
Chaffee J. B. & Co. Eureka, cor. Main
Goodspeed J. H. with Thatcher, Stand-
ley & Co.
Kountze Herman, R. M. National Bank
Potter Thomas H., R. M. National Bank
Reynolds J. S.. R. M. National Bank
Thatcher, Staiidley & Co. cor. Main
and Eureka
BARBERS AND HAIR DRESS-
ERS.
Dimmery John, Main
Dunham Henry, Main
Ernest Daniel, Main
Henshaw Robert, Main
Jones & Townsend, Main
BLACKSMITHS.
Branch George, Packard
Freeman John, P. 0. Central
Froggart E. Gregory
Grant James R. Spring
Hambly Thomas, Eureka
Hill E. A., P. 0. Central
Miller L. D. Nevada
Morgan John R., P. 0. Central
O'Neil Constantine, Gregory
O'Shea Thomas, Gregory
Owen J. Q. A. Eureka
Pearce Alfred, Lawrence
Wilmot Robert, Gregory
BOARDING HOUSE KEEPERS.
Brockman John, Gregory
Davis L. Mrs. Spring
Putnum Paulina Mrs. Eureka
Remine M. A. Mrs. Nevada
Schmidt Frederick, Gregory
BOOT AND SHOE DEALERS.
Bisbee E. Gregory
Fink John P. & Co. Main
Johnson Charles, Gurney blk. Main
BUTCHERS.
Armstrong: L, M. Main
Dostal & Bro. Main
Gethard Henry, Spring
HoflFmaster Henry, Spring
Huntel John, Eureka
Magiiire Thomas, Lawrence
Nicholson Brothers, Spring
Richart Henry, Gregory
Salsman Jacob, Main
Van Camp A. Gregory
CARPENTERS.
Barclay & Co. Eureka
Crees J. W. Eureka
Critchel W. High
Gardner D. N. Eureka
Grant John, Bridge
Hanscome L. Gregory
Harvey Richard, P. 0. Central
Hinds J. D. Spring
Jones R. H. Lawrence
Kettron R. W., P. O. Central
Kippen George, P. 0. Central
Loring Charles, Gregory
Moore M. K. Eureka
Neidalniier Brothers, Eureka
Scott J. C, P. 0. Central
Scott Smith, P. 0. Central
Scott G. G. Eureka
Simmons E. T. Nevada
Siss John, Spring
CIVIL ENGINEERS.
Hill George, P. 0. Central
Peregrine J. D. office. Main
Sayr Hal, Eureka
CONTECTIONERS.
Cassels John, Main
Badger John C. Main
Neilson Matthew, Main
I
MAytTACTl RERS SAY THE WHEELER & WHSON IS THE BEST.
CENTRAL DIRECTORY.
357
American Central Imraice Co. I NortHwesternMntnalLifemsnraDceCo.
OF ST. LOUIS, MO.
Assets, over - - - $300,000
Colorado Branch,
REICHARD&WINNE, Managers, Denver, Colorado.
Terry Ira E. Main
Tishler Joseph, Main
Roworth & Co. Main
CONTRACTORS & BUILDERS.
Barclay & Co. Eureka
Hausco'me L. Gregory
Loring Charles, Gregory
McFarland Brothers, Eureka
Moore M, K. Eureka
Mullen Thomas, Lawrence
DENTIST.
Beach J. H. Van Deren's blk. Main
DOORS, SASH AND BLINDS.
(Manufactnrfis and Dealers in.)
Hart & Sclilessiuger, Gregory
DRUGGISTS AND APOTHECA-
RIES.
Best John, " The Pharmacy," Main
Ellis W. T. Dr. Main
Furnald A. Casey av.
Warner J. D., P. 0. Central
ENGINEERS.
Beeler D. T., P. 0. Central
Belden , Eureka
Darlington W. T. Spring
Fisher James, Lawrence
Malooe Aaron, Gregory
Newton George, Prosser
Price John H. High
Root William B. Eureka
Schupp D. W, Pine
Spanner Peter, Eureka
FRUIT DEALERS.
Alston John, Nevada
Terry Ira E. Main
Tishler Joseph, Main
Hilliary & Co. Main
FURNITURE DEALERS.
Sessler Fred. Main
Weston & Webber, Main
GROCERS.
Black Philip, Main
Black , Spring
Freas L. F. Lawrence
ASSETS, $9,000,000.00.
No Extra Bate on Lives of Monien. Poliflei
Liberal. Lobsiu Tromptlj I'aid.
Dr. S. S. Wallihan, General Agent,
Hurst Joseph, cor. Gregory and Law-
rence
Knise Brothers, Gregory
Lake & Hawley, cor. Main and Bridge
Miller C. C. Gregory
Nicholson Brothers. Spring
Roworth & Co. Main
Sessler & Seaur, Main
Van Camp A. Gregory
Wiley P. Gregory
GUNSMITHS.
Day John, Nevada
Kiessig Charles, Lawrence
HARDWARE DEALERS.
Roworth & Co. Main
Tappan W. H. & Co. Lawrence
HOTELS.
Connor House, C. Went worth, prop. Main
National, R. B. Smock, prop. Lawrence
INSURANCE COMPANIES.
(Life and Fire.)
^tna Fire Insurance, ct al. Foster Nichols,
Main
Northwestern Mntual Life, E. J. Gid-
dings, district agt. othce. Main
Pacific Fire, J. A. Thatcher, agt. oflice,
cor. Main and Eureka
St. Louis Mutual Life, J. Schellinger, agt.
JEWELERS.
Aitcheson William, cor. Main and Eureka
Gearhart George, Nevada
Hatch John, High
Hense J. H. Main
LAWYERS.
Butler Hugrh, Main
Connelly E. K. Main
Ginn John M. Main
Gorsline W. K. Main
Hahn S. B. Lawrence
Johnson H. A. Eureka
Kennedy W. R. Main
Leland Charles M. -Main
Morse H. B. Eureka
Post C. C. Main
Rockwell L. C. Lawrence
Reed G. B. Main
Reed Clinton, Main
358
CENTRAL DIRECTORY,
fyt &nbtrtonters' Mgcncg
OF NEW YORK.
Cash Security, Four Million Dollars. Large Lines
Liberal Rates, Fair Adjustments.
dtATEH & COBB, Agts.,
Holladay Street, opp. Mint,
DENVER, - - - COLORADO.
Teller H. M. Eureka
Teller Willard, Eureka
Wakeley E. Main
Wells E. T, Main
Wilcoxen I. N. Lawrence
lilVERY STABLES.
(Proi)rietor8 of.)
Jurgens Jacob, Gregory
McCall & LeMis, Lawrence
Williams F. M. Gregory
LUMBER DEALERS.
Hart & Schlessingor, Gregory
MACHINISTS.
Anderson John, Eureka
Bolthoff Henry
Gleig P. S. Lawrence
Power Roger F. Eureka
MERCHANTS.
(Dry Goods, etc.)
Arknsh S. " N. Y." Store, Main
Baum I. Main
Cody M. E. Mrs. Main
Comfort h J as. T., P. 0. Central
Crohn M. & T. Main
Freas L. M. Lawrence
Goldman E. High
Harper W. H., P. 0. Central
Hawley H. J. Nevada
Holstein Ben. Main
Wisebart.B. W. Main
MILLMEN.
Alger Frank, P. 0. Central
Douglas Lewis G. Spring
Humphrey S. W. Eureka
Larkin John, P. 0. Central
MacWithay , Gregory
Matthews Charles, P. 0. Central
Mellon Samuel, Lawrence
Nelson Wm. H., P. 0. Central
Parent Sydney, P. 0. Central
Plumb Nelson, P. 0. Central
Shoeffer J. W. Eureka
Smith Fred. Spring
Smith F. C. Spring
NOTARIES PUBLIC.
BiirreU James, Main
Grannis Henry, Pine
Leland Charles M. Main
Niickol.s C. Lawrence
Tanson F. Main
PHOTOGRAPHERS.
Reed & McKinney, Main
PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS.
A'Duddell R. G. Main
Beers Louis T. Gregory
Ednniiison W. cor. Main and Eureka
Sweet 11. W. Main
ToUes L. C. Main
Updegraif N. cor. Main and Lawrence
Wohlgesiuger Gottleib, Main
PLASTERERS.
Atwater Henry, Gregory
Jones W. H., P. O. Central
Paul Henry C, P. 0. Central
Samuels Henry, Gregory
POV/DER COMPANIES.
(Agents of.)
CaHfornia Powder Works, William
Earned, agt. Main
Dupont Powder Co. Foster Nichols, agt.
Main
Giant Powder Co. W. H. Tappan & Co.
agts. Lawrence
Hazard Powder Co. J. 0. Raynolds, agt.
Lawrence
Laflin & Rand Powder Co. W. H. Tappan
& Co. agts. Lawrence
PRINTERS.
(Book and Job.)]
Campbell T. J. Herald office, Lawrence
Collier & Hall, Register office, Eureka
RESTAURANTS.
(Proprietors of.)
Charpiot J. Lawrence
Jeller.son William, Lawrence
McFarland Peter, Lawrence
Turck Titus, Spring
SHOEMAKERS.
Bisbee E. Gregory
Cameron Robt. Main
Kinney A. Main
Lawrence Peter, Main
Lobach Israel, Main
Martens Detlef, Gregory
Romer Peter, Main
Rule E. Lawrence
Schneider D. Main
Shleuter C. Gregory
Short Wm. H. Gregory
STATIONERS.
Buell S. A. Main
Crane L. K. Main
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
OF THE
BW P^M/T PBWBEE €B,
EST^BLISHEX) 13Sr 1859.
FOSTER NICHOLS, General Agent,
OFFICE IN HUSSEY'S BANK,
iVl^in Sti-eet, CENTRAL.
The followiug named Avell known and "Old Reliable" Fire Insurance fo...i.a,„..K
are now represented in this city:
^ /Etna Fire Insurance Co. I mtmx |i« Insntanct ^0
I \^ "^ '^ ^
OF HARTFOKn. roxv. ^^ ^^^ ^.^^^
Cash Assets, Jan. 1, 1870, - $1,831,017.47
j|anhattan lire |ii'iin;aiu'f |^o.
OF HARTFORD, CONX.
Cash Assets, Jan. 1, 1870, $5,549,504.97
"ONOERWRITER'S AGENCY."
Germania, Hanover, Niagara, aud Repub-
lic Fire Insurance Companies,
OF NEW YOEK.
OF NEW YOIlIv.
rash Assets, January 1st, 1870, $3,866,979.14. | Cash Assets, Jan. 1, 1870, $1,368,191.92
— I
jiis. in. of ioiH iwiw Yoiite&NewMFireIiis,Co.
'V i
OF I'lIILADELPHIA.
Cash Assets, January 1, 1870, $2,783,580.96
Cash Assets, Jan. 1, 1870, ■ 8s>»4.1 "U-If.
Continental Fife Insufance Co, i.i$(]jiii}tnii f iip f »$. |n.
CASH ASSETS, Jan. 1, 1870, $2,339,122.50
OF NEW YoltK.
Cash Assets, Feb. 1, JS70. J«.S«.7.«.'»r..'»-.'
Aggregate Cash Assets, $20,000,000.
All square losses will be fairly adjusted and promptly paid, with lUtlo <.r ii"
trouble or expense to the assured.
FOSTER NICHOLS. Agent.
Office, opposite Roworth & Co.'s,
IVtAIlV STIJ^EET, CEIVTXl^L..
CEN.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Particular attention given to ABSTRACTS OF TITLES OF MINERAL
AND AGRICULTURAL LANDS.
Main Street, Gurney Block,
CENTRAL, - - - COLORADO.
m\
O^ O
TOR
AM' 1^
w
Office, Main Street,
CENTRAL, •■< - COLORADO.
DISTRICT AGENT
NORTHWESTERN lUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.
B@°"jVIaiii Street, "'©a
CE.YTRAL, - - COLORADO.
(Probate Judge,)
IVIain Street.
^MMMMM^,
^1^^^-^^'e
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
THATCHER, STANDLEY & CO.
(Successors to •Warren Hnssey,)
BAW
i™
'f
Corner Main and Eureka Streets,
CENTRAL,
COLORADO.
Exchange on the principal cities of tlie East, and on Salt Lake City ati-l i-..ri.....
Utah, and Virginia City and Helena, Montana.
BUY AND SELL GOLD DUST AND BULLION.
«J- COLLECTIONS MADE OX ALL POINTS IX THE rXITED STATK>.-«»
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
r. F. Barclay. Wm. O. McFaklank.
\Vm. J. Barclay. P. B. McFart.ank.
B.4.TiOI^.=4.ir «fc OO.
AND
Shop and Office on Emckii St., CENTRAL, COL.
E. E. BURLINGAME,
ASSAYER & ANALYTICAL CHEMIST
4®" Mines and mining proper! j- examined and reports made.-^fea
Address E. E. BURLINGAME, Territorial Assayer,
CEJ^fTRAL, - - - COLORADO.
JOHN 0. RAYNOLDS, Agent.
Full stock of Cannon and Musket Powder, Mining and Blasting Powder.
Lawrence Street,
CENTRAL, - - - COLORADO.
J
Mineralogist and Mining Geologist
Superintendent of Noble Gold Mining Co.
CENTRAL, - - - COLORADO.
1
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
oloiide Jerald
t ■
PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY 15V
THOMAS J. CAMPBELL,
Piiblisliei- ami Proprietor,
1^9 -^ - e&LtQ^.^no.
n?.A]VIi: rOSSETT, Editor.
■Z? E S- nvC C :
One ytar, - - - - - JlOO
Six months, ---- -..-....-.
The columns of this paper are devoted to the advance-
ment of the mining interests and general industries of the
Territory, and to the dissemination of accurate informa-
tion concerning all matters that interest the public at
large, especially every thing pertaining to mines and
mining.
Its circulation is large, and as an advertising medium
is unsurpassed by any weekly journal in the Territory.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
NATIONAL HOTBL
La>vreiice Street,
R. B. SMOCK, Proprietor.
The only hotel in Central that has plastered rooms. The comforts of a firet-claps hotel
guaranteed all guests.
(Successor to Royle & Butler,)
OfHce, 31ain Street,
No. 7 Gurney Block,
CENTRAL, - - COLORADO.
;iilUJLi.lf JL-MU; M^l^JI^J
Main St., next door to Connor House,
CENTRAL, - - COLORADO.
The tables are Phelan's Improved, and the rooni first-class.
OOItTIsrOiK, HIOTJSE
!M!a.iu Street,
C. WENT WORTH, Proprietor.
This well known hotel has just been thoroughly renovated and furnished throughout, and is in every
respect first-class.
The proprietor will exert himself to the utmost to make this the *"avorite hotel of the mountain
towns for summer tourists.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
I. CHAH^PIOT, Fi-oprietoi-,
Lawrence Street, Central, Col.
The richest viands, game of all kinds, oysters in season, and every choice eatable
hat money can purchase, served in a style not surpassed by the famous restaurateurs
.f large cities. Regular boarders accomodated.
SESSLER 4SIS SEAUR,
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
irteerieif Himsps^ iupplies,
CANNED FRUITS, OYSTERS, WINES, LIQUORS, CIGARS, TOBACCO,
And everything pertaining to a
fllii^ClSil feOiarr and Liquor Business.
Our Stock is large and complete ; our prices the lowest for Cash.
A. VON SHXJIiX,
AND
^^ , «♦ CENTRAI., COL.
Office, Lawrence St. ^^^^ *
EOCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
THE I^HIJ^I^IMI.A-O'^
Wliolesale ami Retail Dealei- in
Mill diemicals,
PAINTS, OILS, GLASS, AND FANCY AND TOILET ARTICLES,
No. 1 Gurney Block, Main Street,
^■«5^?
JO HIV jyjS^^^
ITH
Manufacturer, repairer and dealer In Guns and Pistols. Sporting
apparatus, of all kinds, at lowest prices.
IVevada Sti'eet,
OE^STTI^J^H,.
The tables first-class; tlie room large and well ventilated. The bar
supplied witli the choicest wines and liquors.
Head of Main Street,
CEJ\YIL1L, - - COLORADO.
o.
^
i0f
Vfe^i^.
rv
i'RANK. HAf.l..
1). I. lOI.l.ll K
«?!
ScJ
m
G'
J
4^.
CENTRAL CITY PRINTING HOUSE.
o
c
r
REGISTER BLOCK,
IS SUI'KRIOK TO ANY OlllKR
WEST OF THE MISSOURI RIVER.
DONE WITH ELEMNCE. KEITKESS ANO DISPATCH.
At the I^OWEST |^IV1NG f^ATES
Sj
o
V
the: daily and weekly
COLLIER & HALL, Proprietors,
I'cr Annum.
1 , M{inrh>-
IVr Annum
JDJ^XXjIT.
54.00. I Six Moni
\i<pntl>.
i 1 KK /s piil>iishcti in the ccntir of the htst iiiitiiii;^ n
i ,,,, iKorkv Moiintaivi:. nine thousaxh kekt above th;
, ,</■ ////■ <:ea. Its faei/itics for collectins; mining neii'S are supi
'■/or to th. f'oforatlo.. As a new-
''■iper, hot, I n, ,/,.-,,,,, .,., . ,,,,.■■•■ ■. ■/'■''■. as -ivell as for reli
.ihi/ity aiui rcspotisihility, it has no equals. It has become a neees
<itx to e^'erv one interested in
///;/ desirous of ohfainin^^ the fni/fy't. latest and most complete loco:
ind 7iiinini:; u: ^ng the latest and
MOST APPROVED METHODS OF TREATING ORES.
/ , / v^f' time, its telegraphic facilities make it a thoroughly
I'lopolitan sheet, presenting daily the latest neics from the mos.
remote corners of the world.
.Subscriptions and orders respectfully solicited.
COLLIER & HALL.
T\HEELER & WILSON SEWIXG MACHINES SENT BY EXPRESS, (. O. I).
CENTRAL DIRECTORY.
359
EpMle Life Asstiraiice Society
The Leading Life Insurance Company of the World.
EEICHA2D i WINNE, General Agents,
DENVER, - - - COLORADO.
TAILORS.
Holmes James, Main
Joliusou Charles J. Main
Johnson Chas. High
Pearpeart Michael, Main
Schmidt & Jeniier, Bridge
TOBACCO DEALERS.
Chase & Sears, Main
Goldman I. Lawrence
Roworth & Co. Main
THE NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Company
OF MILWAUKKK, MIS.,
Is the Leading TJfe Company of the Wrmt.
DR. S. S, WALLIHAN, Gen'l Agt., Denver.
Se«sler & Seaur, Main
Terry Ira E. Main
Tishier Joseph, Main
U. S. OFFICES. ^
Assayer Territorial, E. E. Burlingame,
Lawrence
Adjutant General, Hal Sayr, Eur.ka
Laud Ofliee, W. A. Arnold, leoeivir:
L \V. Stanton, register ; Eureka
Revenue Collector, second disnict. N
Ujidegraff, cor. Main aud LawrciiCf
JEEOME B- CHAFFEE & CO.
aiiKeis
GEORGETOWN & CENTRAL, COLORADO
Exchange on Central, Denver, Chicago, New York, and all the principal
cities in the United States bought and sold.
Exchange on England, Ireland, Scotland and Continental Europe dra«u in
sums to suit purchasers.
Collections made throughout the Territory or United States, and promptly
remitted for at current rates of exchange.
Gold Lust, Coin, Bullion, Currency, Exchange, Government Securities
BO-CTO-HT ^1T3D SOLX).
A FULL SUPPLY OF REYENUE STAMPS CONSTANTLY ON HAM).
360 NEVADA DIRECTORY.
NEVADA.
Nevada is one of the mountain mining camps of Gilpin county, and
adjoins Central on the west. Traversing the surrounding mountains are
some of the richest and best developed gold mines in the Territory. Many
of these reach the borders of the town, and shaft-houses, inclosing hoisting
machinery, form a part of the structures that make up this important mining
centre. Like its neighbors. Central and Black Hawk, it was first settled in
1859, by miners and prospecters, who, with mill-men, still form the largest
portion of its inhabitants.
Nevada is located in a small valley nearly surrounded by mountains.
The chief of these, Bald mountain, is among the highest of the foot-hill
range. The valley, like those adjoining, was formerly gulch diggins, and
has yielded largely in gold.
Mills for the reduction of ores are numerous. Nevada is next to Black
Hawk in importance as a milling town; but this is fully noticed elsewhere.
Perhaps no town in the mountains or the Territory produces so largely in
gold in proportion to its population, and still the great mineral wealth of
its mines is not fully realized, nor will it be until reduction works, for the
treatment of low grade ores, become a success in Colorado.
The society of Nevada is like that of all mining camps in the Territory,
and the usual attention is paid to religious and moral observances. Alto-
gether, this mountain town is prosperous, and its inhabitants rank among
the first in the Territory in wealth and social position, and its surroundings
are unusually beautiful and grand.
NEVADA DIRECTORY.
3G1
NEVADA DIRECTORY,
A DDIS WALTER, miner, ]Vfuin
Albro 0. M. carpenter, Main
Alber Joseph, miner. Main
Aldrish J. M. miner, Quartz Hill
Amnear William, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Anderson Chas. jeweler. Main
Anderson C. laborer. Quartz Hill
Andrews D. H. miner, Kenoshe
Arnold Thomas, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Atkison William, miner, Kenoshe
BACHMANN GEO. P. teamster, Keno-
she
Baker George Henry, peddler, E. Nevada
Baldwin D. D. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Bamberg C. machinist, P. O. Nevada
Bartel Bartholomew, Middle Nevada
Bartle John, boarding house, E. Nevada
Bartle Francis John, miner, E. Nevada
Bartz John, teamster, P. 0. Nevada
Bee William, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Bennet A. S. miner, High
Bennet John, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Berry Nicholas, miner, Main
Best Howard, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Beverly J. M. millman, P. 0. Nevada
Beverly A. miner. Main
Bird Isaac, miner, High
Bitzenhofer Andrew, dealer in grocer-
ies, imported wines and liquors, cigars,
tobacco, etc. E. Nevada
Blame John, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Blondel John, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Blewitt Henry, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Bone John, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Borden James, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Bracken Thomas, miner, Kenoshe, E.
Nevada
Bradley C. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Bradley G. L. mining operator, P. 0.
Nevada
Bray Martin, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Brown M. shoemaker, Main
Brown Benj. laborer. Main
Bronk George, teamster, P. 0. Nevada
Budeen John, miner. Middle Nevada
Buckley Martin, miner. Main
Bunt Richard, miner. Middle Nevada
Burke Thomas, miner, Middle Nevada
Burns Owen, miner, Middle Nevada
Burns Matthew, miner, P. O. Nevada
Burns W. H. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Burns Edward, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Byrne Rev. Francis, Episcopal minister,
High
SARRIGAN BERNARD, miner, V. 0.
Nevada
Cawley Fred, teamster, Main
Cheatley W. H. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Chappel William, miner, P. O. Nevada
Clark William, engineer. Middle Nevada
Clark James, mining agt. Middle Nevada
Clark James, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Clarkson Charles, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Clayton J. W. millman, P. 0. Nevada
Coleman Eli, miner. Main
Collins James, engineer, High
Collins D. miner, P. O. Nevada
Collins P. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Combs Robert, carpenter, P. O. Nevada
Cooper H. Y. laborer, Middle Nevada
Cramer Jos. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Cree A. M. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Cross William, teamster, P. 0. Nevada
Curtis John, miner, P. 0. Nevada
D
ALLY WILLIAM, miner, Kenoshe
Davey Wm. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Davey Noah, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Davis T. R. engineer. Main
Dennis H. miner, P. 0- Nevada
Derby Amos, miner. Main
Dey Patrick, miner, High
Dingle Adam, shoemaker. Main
Downs M. miner, Kenoshe
Doyle Michael, miner, P. 0. Nevada
ECKHARDT OTTO, miner, P. 0. Ne-
vada
Edgar Fred, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Egan Thomas, miner. Main
Emperor William, miner, P. 0. Nevada
362
NEVADA DIRECTORY.
Iisrace Co. of UortI America
OF PHILADELPHIA.
Oldest Company in the United States. CasU Assets,
nearly Tliree Million Dollars. Fire Losses paid,
$2-1,000,000 in 76 years. Ability for future
service unimpaired.
Crater &. Cobb, Agents, Holladay Street, opp. Mint,
xnsrwvici^.
Ernst Joseph, barber, Main
Evans Daniel, miner, P. 0. Nevada
F
AIR SAM. washing, S. Nevada
Fairhurst "W. G. miner, E. Nevada
Farrel Patrick, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Feehan Owen, miner, Kenoshe
Feeley Martin, miner, Lesher
Feenan John, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Fields John, miner. Main
Finley William, engineer, Main
Finley W. M. engineer, Nevada
Finnegan Tim. miner. Main
Flynn M. miner, Lesher
Fouler J. M. miner, Nevada
Folster Fred, miner, Nevada
Freeman Chandler, mining operator,
Russell gulch
GALLIGAN PATRICK, miner, E Ne-
vada
Ganley J. W. barkeeper. Main
Gansen Frank, miner, P. 0 Nevada
Garrett C. miner, £. Nevada
Garrett Robert, miner, E. Nevada
Garrison Thomas, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Gendall Thomas, miner, P. O. Nevada
Gilbert H. B. mining operator, P. 0.
Nevada
Gilkinson A. T. miner, Kenoshe
Gill James, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Gillespie James, Baloonkeeper, P. 0. Ne-
vada
Gleason Wm. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Gleason Philip, miner, P. O. Nevada
Goldtworthy Silas, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Gorgan John, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Graham A. miner, P. O. Nevada
Granfield William, miner, E. Nevada
Grant Clinton, miner, Kenosha
Grey John, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Grey Thomas, miner, P. O. Nevada
Grey Samuel, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Grou W. J. butcher, Kenoshe
Guinon Thomas, miner. Main
Gunther Gus. provision dealer. Main
Gundy Nelson, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Gundy Peter, miner, P. 0. Nevada
HADLEY JOSEPH, miner, P. 0. Ne-
vada
Hagar Charles, stonemason, Main
Hancock William, miner. Main
Hardesty Thomas W. millman and miner,
E. Nevada
Hardesty John, millman and miner, E.
Nevada
Hale S. T. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Marker Chas. L. miner. Main
Harker C. H. miner. Main
Harper Jas. ranchman, Quartz Valley
Harris Ezekiel, miner. Middle Nevada
Haskin Henry, hotelkeeper, Main
Haskin E. C. miner, Main
Hattenbach M. merchant. Main
Ilaymor D. engineer, Kenoshe
Harvey S. B. teamster, Nevada
Hearn T. A. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Hender.*on Jacob, baker. Main
Henry Harry, engineer. Main
Hicks James, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Hicks John, miner, P. O. Nevada
Higgins Henry, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Hinshall R. M. barJ^er, P. 0. Nevada
Hogan James, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Hogan John, miner. Main
Holland Patrick, miner, Main
Holly Hiram, millman, P. 0. Nevada
Hooker J. M. engineer. Main
Hood Robt. carpenter, P. 0. Nevada
Hoppe A. F. miner. Main
Hughes Robt. miner, Kenoshe
Hughes Wm. miner. Main
IDDINGS FRANK, engineer, P. 0. Ne-
vada
TAMES JOSEPH, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Jester Wm. H. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Johnson John, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Johnson Chris, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Jones A. M. miner, P. O. Nevada
Jones Jas. K. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Jones C. S. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Jolly Francis, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Jordan Albert, miner. Main
K
ANE JOHN, miner, E. Nevada
Kane Michael, miner. Main
Kane James, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Keese John, laborer. Main
Kelley M. miner, Main
Kelley M. blacksmith, Nevada
Kelly J. T. carpenter, Nevada
Killian Daniel, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Kingsbury Joseph, miner, Main
Kinney Robt. Miner, Quartz Hill
Kitto George, miner, P. O. Nevada
Kline P. A. clerk, Nevada gulch
Kneale Thomas, miner, Nevada
Knodle Daniel, miner, E. Nevada
Tlie T^HEELER & WILSON SEWING MACHINE does all kind of Work.
NEVADA DIRECTORY.
363
HARTFORD, CONN.
^ssjs::r-s, - " s£foo,ooo
REICHARD & WINNE, Agents,
DENVER, - - - COLORADO.
T EWIS SAMUEL, miner, Nevada
Lewis 'William, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Lewis W. J. machinist, High
Lewis E. C. miner, High
Libby Charles, miner, Nevada
Linnord John, miner, Nevada
Linnord Peter, miner, Nevada
Littleton John, blacksmith, Nevada
Livey Charles, miner, Middle Nevada
Long Joseph, teamster, Main
Lowry Elijah, miner. Middle Nevada
Lutz J. H. engineer. Quartz Hill
Lyon Andrew, miner, E. Nevada
Lyon William, miner, Kenoshe
M
ALONE MARTIN, shoemaker. Main
Marish James, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Martin Richard, miner, Middle Nevada
May Thomas, miner, Nevada
Mayer Isaac, teamster, Nevada
McBalsinger J. D. miner. Main
McCalligan Thomas, miner, Nevada
McCahey James, engineer, Nevada
McCarg J. N. miner, Nevada
McClure Samuel, engineer, Kenoshe
McClellen Robt. miner, Kenoshe
McDonough Rich, teamster, Main
McDonough Rich, teamster, Nevada
McGuire M. painter, Main
McGonigle Daniel, miner, Nevada
McKibbeii Patrick, boarding house,
8. side Nevada
McKinley M. J. miner, Nevada
McLoughlin M. merchant, Nevada
Mensel James, miner, Nevada
Merrick Price, miner, Nevada
Miles Thomas, machinist. Main
Miller E. F. engineer, Main
Mitzger Andreas, miner, Nevada
Moore M. miner. Main
Morris Edward, miner, E. Nevada
Morrison W. T. carpenter, Kenoshe
Moser Chris, baker. Main
Muldoon John, miner. Quartz Hill
Mulligan John, miner. Quartz Hill
Murray M. D. carpenter, Kenoshe
N
EAL THOMAS, miner, Nevada
Neikirk H. miner. Quartz Hill
Nelson Chris, miner, Main
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE
IXSIUAXCK to.
Cmnbines Eastern prudence in management
with Western rates on its investments.
BE. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent.
DENVEIt, COLOIIADO.
Newham Enoch, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Newhem James, miner, E. Nevada
Nickolls James, miner, Kenoshe
Nickolls Chas. miner, Nevada
Noble James, miner, Nevada
Nolen M. baker, Main
0
AKLAND JOHN, miner, Main
O'Neil Edward, blacksmith, Main
Oats Thomas, miner, Main
T)EARL B. F. mining operator, Nevada
Peister D. miner, Nevada
Peller Joseph, miner. P. 0. Nevada
Penrose Edward, miner, Nevatla
Penrose Edward, miner. Middle Nevada
Penshall R. miner, Nevada
Perron Isaac, miner, Nevada
Perron Edward, miner, Nevada
Perron John, miner, Nevada
Perron Joseph, miner, Nevada
Perry William, miner, E. Nevada
Phillips Isaac, miner. Nevada
Phillips J. F. miner, Nevada
Pomeroy Fred, butcher, Main
Post Edward, miner, E. Nevada
Potter W. T. millman, Nevada
R
EANSON DAVID, miner, Nevn.ia
Redman Michael, saloonkeeper, Main
Reed George S. laborer. Middle Nevada
Reynolds Francis, miner, E. Nevada
Rice Mrs. A. H. boarding house, Nevada
Richards Samuel, miner, Nevada
Richards Thomas, miner, Nevada
Richards William, miner, Nevada
Richards John, (No. 1), minor, V i».
Nevada
Richards John, (No. 2), miner. P. 0.
Nevada
Richards John, (No. 3), miner, P. <».
Nevada
Riley Thomas, miner. Kenoshe
Riley Owen, miner. Main
Riley Bernhard, miner. Main
Roberts Owen, miner. F. Nevada
Roberts Thos. miner, Nevada
Roberts Martin, miner, Nevada
Roberts J. R. miner, Nevada
Roberts H. miner, Nevada
364
NEVADA DIRECTORY.
CONTINENTAL FIKEINSUEMCE CO.
Cash Assets, nearly Three Million Dollars. Poli-
cies on the Participatiun Plan. Holders share in
the profitB without liability. For particulars and
policies in this sterling company, apply to
CRATER & COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
Rodda Ed. miner, Nevada
Rodgers Joseph, miner, Nevada
Rodgers L. C. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Rogers Henry, miner, Nevada
Rogers Wm. miner, Nevada
Rossman Henry, miner, Nevada
Rowe Sol. miner, Nevada
Rowley AVilliam V. miner. Main
QANDS ISAAC, merchant, Main
Scanlon James, merchant. Main
Scott J. S. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Sears Nathan A. stonemason, Kenosha
Shaughnassay M. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Shanstrom John, butcher, Main
Shanstrom P. G. butcher, Main
Shaw Horace, miner, Leavenworth gulch
Shaw William, miner. High
Sheppard Thos. miner, Nevada
Slierick W. W. blacksmith shop and
wagon repairing, E. Nevada
Shultz William, hotelkeeper, Nevada
Sines Joseph, miner, Nevada
Slattery John, miner. Nevada
Smith James, miner. High
Smith Thos. H. miner, Kenoshe
Smith James, butcher, Kenoshe
Snare Richard, miner, Main
Soden M. miner, Nevada
Southworth D. L. blacksmith, Kenoshe
Southworth N. B. miner. High
Sparks C. T. miner, P. 0. Nevada
Sparks George, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Sparks John, carpenter, High
Sparks George, miner. High
Sparks 0. T. miner. High
Stalker W. J. miner. Main
Stalker T. B. merchant. Main
Standish Morton, engineer, High
Standish Eben, miner. High
Stanton J. A. blacksmith, Main
Steffee Daniel, miner, E. Nevada
Sterling Sam'l, blacksmith. Main
Sterling Benj. D. miner, Main
Sterling E. L. miner, Main
Stevens John, miner, Nevada
Stevens Andrew, miner, Nevada
Stifer E. G. miner, Nevada
Strait William, miner, P. 0. Nevada
Sullivan J. teamster, P. 0. Nevada
Sullivan D. C. teamster, P. 0. Nevada
Sullivan P. miner, Main
Sullivan Timothy, miner. Main
Sullivan Dennis, mining operator, Main
Sweeney G. M. miner, Nevada
mAPP GEORGE, miner, Main
Thomas Jerry, miner, Kenoshe
Thomas J. W. commission business, Main
Thomas Thos. miner, Nevada
Thomas Wm. miner. Main
Thomas Jas. miner, Main
Tonkin Thomas, miner, Kenoshe
Townsend Charles, teamster. Main
Tregar James, miner, Nevada
Tregar William, miner, Nevada
Tregay William, miner, E. Nevada
Tregear John, miner, Nevada
Trezona William, miner, P. 0. Nevada
TTREN VINCENT, miner, Nevada
Uren J. H. machinist, Nevada
VAUGH EPHRAIM, miner, P. 0.
Nevada
w
ALL BENJ. laborer, Nevada
Walters John, miner. Middle Nevada
Warren William, miner, E. Nevada
Warren Thos. miner, Nevada
Warren A. miner, Nevada
Watterman B. C mill owner, P. 0. Ne-
vada
Watterman H. millman, P. 0. Nevada
Weaine John, miner, Nevada
W^earne John, miner, Nevada
Weeks J. H. miner, High
Wells Samuel, miner, E. Nevada
Wells Samuel, teamster, Kenoshe
Wheeler Theo. millman, Nevada
Whitcomb T. mining operator, Nevada
White John, millman, E. Nevada
White Patrick, teamster, Main
White John, miner, Nevada
Whitter R. H. miner, Nevada
Wiesbeck Jas. miner, Nevada
Williams Richard, miner, E. Nevada
Williams Edward, miner, E. Nevada
Williams R. carpenter. Middle Nevada
Williams Thomas, miner. Main
Williams Z. miner, Quartz Hill
Williams S. miner. Quartz Hill
Williamson E. C. clerk, Nevada
Wirth Geo. baker. Main
Wolcott L. H. clerk. Main
Woodward Thos. miner, Kenoshe
"VT'OUNG ELI, machinist. Main
Young William, miner. Main
NEVADA DIRECTORY.
365
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
ATTORNEYS.
Ratliff J. W.
BAKERS.
Henderson Jacob, Main
Moses Chris, Main
Nolen M. Main
Wirth Geo. Main
BARBERS.
Ernst Joseph, Main
Henshall R. M.
BLACKSMITHS.
Kelly M. Main
Littleton John
O'Neil Edward, Main
Southworth D. L. Kenoshe
Sterling Sam'l, Main
Stanton J. A. Main
BLACKSMITH AND WAGON
REPAIRING SHOP.
Sherick W. AV., E. Nevada
BOARDING HOUSES.
Bartle John, E. Nevada
McKibben Patrick, s. side
Rice Mrs. A. H.
BUTCHERS.
Grow W. J. Kenoshe
Pomeroy Fred, Main
Shanston John, Main
Shanston P. G. Main
Smith James, High
CARPENTERS.
Albro 0. M. Main
Combs Robt.
Hood Robt.
Kelly J. T.
Murray M. D. Kenoshe
Mowson W. T. Kenoshe
Sparks John, High
Williams Richard, Middle Nevada
COMMISSION MERCHANT.
Thomas J. W. Main
ENGINEERS.
Clark Wm. Middle Nevada
Collins James, High
Davis T. R. Main
Finley W. M.
Finley Wm. Main
Henry Harry, Main
Hooker J. M. Main
Haymor D. Kenoshe
Iddings Frank
Miller E.F. High
McClure Sam'l. Kenoshe
McCahey James
Standish Martin, High
GENERAL MERCHANTS.
Hattenbach M. Main
McLaughlin M. Main
Sands Isaac, Main
Stalker T. B. Main
Scanlan James, Main
GROCER.
Bitzenhofer Andrew, E. Nevada
HOTELS.
Haskins Henry, Main
Shultz Wm.
JEWELER.
Anderson Charles, Main
MACHINISTS.
Bamberg C.
Lewis W. J. High
Miles Thos. Main
Uren J. H.
Young Eli, Main
MILLMEN.
Beverly J. M.
Clayton J. W.
Hardesty Thos. W., E. Nevada
Hardesty John, E. Nevada
366
NEVADA DIRECTORY.
)tnu Mire
{nsnmnct fBO.
Of Brooklyn, New York.
Cash Assets, nearly Two Million Dollars.
For Policies in this "time-tried, fire-tested" and
well-managed ct nipany, apply to
CBATEB t COBB, Agsnts,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
Holly Hiram
Potter W. T.
White John, East Nevada
Wheeler Theo.
Watterman B. C.
Watterman Herbert
MINING OPERATORS.
Bradley G. L.
Clark James, Middle Nevada
Freeman Chandler, Russell gulch
Gilbert H. B.
Pease B. E.
Sullivan Dennis, Main
Whitcomb Truman
PAINTER.
McGuire M. Main
PEDDLER.
Baker Geo. H., E. Nevada
PROVISIONS.
Gunther Gus, Main
SALOONS.
Gillispie James
Redman Michael, Main
SHOEMAKERS.
Brown M. Main
Dingle Adam, Main
Malone Martin, Main
STONEMASONS.
Hagar Chas. Main
Sears Nathan A. Kenoshe
TOBACCO AND CIGARS.
(Dealers in.)
Bitzenhofer Andrew, E. Nevada
WINES AND LIQUORS.
(Dealers in.)
Bitzenhofer Andrew, E. Nevada
Tjnsrioisr Ej^isiEi^ir.
VIETOR & GUENTHER
DEALERS IN
FLOUR, FEED,
Miners' Supplies, Etc., Etc.
€&ii&M^m&,
■ Special attention given to the baking business. ■=©>
IDAHO SPKINGS DIRECTORY. 3G7
IDAHO SPRINGS.
This town, one of the oldest in the mountains, and formerly the county
seat of Clear Creek county, is located on South Clear creek, ei-^hteen Uiiles
from its junction with the Platte river, thirty-five miles from" Denver, six
miles from Central City, thirteen miles from Georgetown, and three miles
from the mouth of Fall river. At this place Clear Creek valley, noted for
its beauty even in the " Switzerland of America," where grandeur and pic-
turesqueness are everywhere apparent, widens out to nearly half a mile in
breadth, is quite level and was covered with dense pine forests and luxuriant
grasses before the adventurous prospector and miner destroyed them in his
determined search for glittering nuggets. Chicago and Soda creeks, tribu-
taries of South Clear creek, after passing through deep carions and pleasant
valleys, mingle their sparkling waters with those of that stream witliin the
town limits, and Virginia canon, a deep gorge through which the wagon
road from Central winds its circuitous way, terminates at the nortliera
boundary of the town. The mountains on either side rise gradually to an
elevation of at least 1,000 feet — their slopes covered with grass and timber,
interspersed with bare rocks and rugged crags. Towering above these
mountains, southward are the Squaw, Papoose and Chiefs — the latter rearing
his bald head, above timber line, to an elevation of 11,000 feet above sea
level. The ascent to the summit of the Chief is so gradual that it can be
reached easily on horseback, and the tourist is enabled to enjoy, without
fatigue, a view of mountain scenery rarely excelled
The town is built on each side of the creek, which is spanned by good
bridges. The residences, store houses and public buildings are wooden
structures — the lumber from mountain pine — painted white, and neat and
tasteful in architecture. The principal streets follow the course of the
creek, and wind along the base of the mountains; are in excellent condition,
and always free from mud. The cross streets reach from mountain to
mountain, and intersect the longitudinal streets at right angles. The first
settlers in Idaho were gulch miners, attracted thither by reports of rich
deposits of gold in the gravel and sands of the bed of Clear creek. The
first white men who invaded this district, staked out a claim and_ broke
ground, were George A. Jackson and his party, early in tiie spring vt 18o9.
A. P. Smith, at present a resident of Idaho, and others, commenced pnlchmi;
about this time. This was on Chicago Bar, at the mouth of Chicago creek
now within the town limits. These pioneer miners were tairly succoshil,
and at times took out large pay, often as high as 820 or 830 per day. I Ins
attracted miners from other locations, and in the fall of lh.).» there waA
in the district a population of over 300. But little attention was paui to
house building or town improvements by these l^^^rdy K'-'^ '"'"t^^- / ";'^
homes were rude cabins and tents, and their household hxturcs and culinary
apparatus of the crudest character. The first hotel, the - bainta liest, waa
368 IDAHO SPRINGS DIRECTORY.
part tent, part wagon cover, and the parlor a wagon box, with a sheet for
roof. The first mercantile house was established by S. D. Hunter, early in
the spring of 1860, and the first bakery about the same time, by H. S.
Thomas, familiarly known in the district by the cognomen of " Old Shakes-
peare." These establishments were primitive in character, but their owners
soon realized considerable money from their investments, and either left for
the States with their "pile," or sought profitable investments in the Terri-
tory, which, by the way, was not found in all cases.
The discovery of rich lodes in the surrounding mountains, and the con-
tinued evidence of gold in paying quantities in the valley, convinced the
miners that Idaho would be a permanent mining district, and early in 1860
a town company was organized, with the following members: J. W. Hamil-
ton, James Julien, William Rumsey, W. E. Sisty, F. J. Hamilton, William
Spruance, S. D. Hunter, Robert Diefendorf, L. W. Bliss, W. L. Campbell
and M. J. Dougherty. The name chosen was Idaho, and a survey and plat
was made by William L. Campbell, and the town site preempted under the
Territorial laws of Jefferson Territory. In the summer of 1860, a survey
and plat of Grass valley, which is now a portion of Idaho Springs, was made
by P. E. Charruand. These surveys still define the boundaries, streets and
blocks of the town. The site includes the entire valley, about one and a half
miles in length. The recognized authority, previous to the organization of
the county, was the miners' court and code of laws; since that, the county
officers.
The county seat was moved from this place to Georgetown, in 1867, in
accordance with the wishes of a majority of the citizens of the county; but
Idaho Springs can well afi"ord to lose the guardianship of the county
archives, and could dispense with her rich belt of gold and silver lodes, and
valuable placer claims, and still possesses features that would attract tourists
and immigrants from all quarters — her mineral springs. These remarkable
hot springs burst from the ground near Soda creek, within the town limits.
The temperature of the water is about 100° Fahrenheit, and the flow sufficient
to supply two large swimming baths with a renewed charge of pure water
every twenty-four hours. The curative properties of the water, are explained
in the following letter and accompanying analysis :
New York, July 20, 1870.
I have made a careful chemical analysis of a sample of medical mineral
water from Idaho Hot Soda Springs, of Colorado, of which Mr. H. Mon-
tague is proprietor. The water, as sent to me, was contained in a tin can,
securely soldered, and was found to yield the following constituents, in the
annexed proportions, to the gallon :
Carbonate of soda 30.80
Carbonate of lime 9.52
Carbonate of»magne8ia 2.88
Carbonate of iron 4.12
Sulphate of soda 29..36
Sulphate of magnesia 18.72
Sulphate of lime 3.44
Chloride of sodium 4.16
Cholrides of calcium and magnesium, of each a trace
Silicate of soda 4.08
Grains 107.00
IDAHO SPRINGS DIRECTORY. 369
Waters of this alkaline class occasionally contain iodine and brou.ine
but the small amount of water at my disposal prevented me from luakiuir
an examination lor these substances, which generally exist only in small
proportions. •'
The water yielded a small proportion of carbonic acid ^as only The
medicinal characteristics of this spring are antacid, alterative, and in many
cases, slightly laxative. Its external use as a bath will be found beneficial
m cases of rheumatism and diseases of the skin.
I. G. POHLE, M. D.,
Anah/tkal Oumisf.
For bathing purposes they are unsurpassed. The temperature is suffi-
ciently high in winter to make the bath pleasantly warm, and can be regu-
lated to suit all seasons and all classes of bathers. They were discovered
by James Jack and son, in 1860, whilst engaged in sinking a shaft to the
bed rock for gulch mining purposes. At a depth of sixteen or eighteen feet
they were compelled to abandon the work on account of the heat of the
water that flooded the shaft. This prospect hole, filled with hot water, waa
used as a bath occasionally by citizens and travelers, but excited little atten-
tion, and remained unimproved until 1863, when Dr. E. S. Cummiugs
obtained possession of the property and erected the building now known a.s
the Ocean Bath House, which is owned and kept in excellent condition at
all seasons by Mr. H. Montague, who resides on the premi.'^os and attend.-*
personally to the wants of his customers, and does everything in his power
to make the springs and the Ocean Bath a pleasant resort. Since Mr Mon-
tague has had possession of the springs, he has improved the buildint: and
surroundings, and has now a swimming bath, 24x40 feet, four feet in depth,
the water in which is renewed every twenty-four hours from the springjs,
private baths for ladies, with female attendants, private baths for gentlemen,
and a hot and cold shower bath, all in first-cla.ss order, and the dn^sing
rooms comfortable at all seasons. We have indulged in the luxury of a
plunge in the swimming bath in summer and the tub and shower bath in
winter, and having experienced the peculiar exhilaration and agreeable sen-
sation that follows, must believe bathing at Idaho Springs to be benefi<yal to
invalids, and healthful to everybody.
The Mammoth Bath Co. have also a large, comfortable and convenient
building, in which they have a swimming bath, 45x65 feet, five foot in
depth, ladies and gentlemens' private baths, shower baths, and all appurte-
nances complete. This is in charge of J. H. Phillips, who does evcrytliing
in his power to make the Mammo'th Bath House a pleasant feature of thw
Saratoga of the mountains. ,
Besides the spring above described, there has been discovered, near ^.nla
creek, a soda spring, whose waters are nearly as sparkling and cflerve.-^cfnt
as those charged with carbonic acid gas for use at soda fountains. 1 hi.-*
spring is not improved, nor has its waters been analyzed, but without doui.t
they possess curative properties, and will soon be used extensively l.y all \ls.
itors to t,h« .snrina-s. Tourists, nleasure seekers and everybody visumg the
people and a good billiard hall. ' If these desire a view of rugged mountain
24
370 IDAHO SPRINGS DIRECTORY.
scenery, let them ascend the Chief; if interested in mining matters, a belt
of gold and silver lodes surround the town, among these, the celebrated
Seaton, and good gulch claims are worked within its boundaries. If the
frequenters of Saratoga of the East would try one season (and no doubt
many of them will) at the Saratoga of the Rocky Mountains, they would go
to their homes wiser, better and healthier people. The purity of mountain
air, and the grandeur and beauty of mountain scenery, inspire in all a love
of the pure and good, and will protect this beautiful retreat from the follies,
vices, debaucheries and extravagance of fashionable watering places. This
alone should induce rich fathers and husbands to bring their fashion and
folly stricken daughters to Idaho Springs — a Saratoga free from follies and
crimes.
SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, ETC.
The interest taken in educational matters by the citizens of Idaho Springs
is manifested practically by their school building — a fine wooden structure —
capable of accommodating seventy-five scholars, finished in first-class style,
and furnished with Sherwood's improved school furniture, two fine chande-
liers, a good bell, and all requisite appurtenances. This building was com-
pleted in the winter of 1868-9, at an expense of $2,500. A visit to the
school, which is in charge of Mr. H. Montague, convinced us that educa-
tional matters received proper attention in this mountain region.
Calvary Church, a neat chapel erected under the direction of Bishop
Randall, with funds donated by a member of Calvary Church, of New York,
furnished by the ladies of this district, and consecrated by the Bishop,
assisted by Revs. Messrs. Jennings, Whitehead and Byrne, in July, 1869,
aff"ords religious privileges to citizens and visitors. This is a mission chapel,
and services are held here as often as possible by the rectors of Central,
Nevada and Black Hawk. Besides this, the Methodist, Congregationalist
and other societies have church organizations, and will soon erect suitable
places of worship.
HOTELS, BUSINESS HOUSES, ETC.
TJiere are two good hotels, the Beebee House and Springs' House, The
former, the first hotel built at the springs, and with the additions and
improvements completed in 1869, the largest in the mountains. It has
accommodations for 100 guests; the sleeping rooms well ventilated and com-
fortable; the parlors elegant; the dining-room spacious; the table well sup-
plied, and the landlord and attendants always attentive and agreeable. The
Beebee House merits the liberal patronage it receives.
The Springs' House, John N. Harden, proprietor, is a new hotel build-
ing, with first-class accommodations for thirty guests, centrally located in the
immediate vicinity of the springs, and kept in good style by an agreeable
and cumpetent landlord.
The Idaho billiard hall is one of the pleasant features of this watering
place. The building, constructed expressly for this purpose by the proprie-
tor, J. H. Warner, is large, well ventilated, fitted up in excellent style, with
four Phelan & Collender tables, and all first-class appliances. This place is
so conducted that it is an agreeable place of resort for citizens and visitors.
Among the leading merchants — whose business cards will be found else-
where— are Dennis Faivre, who is an old pioneer miner and merchant, whose
IDAHO SPRINGS DIRECTORY. 371
business was established in 1862; Peter Theobold, one of the pioneers of
1859, also a miner and prospecter, who conducts business, is the oldest hairi-
ness house in the district, and Cowell & Patten, whose business was estab-
lished in 1861, and conducted by the present owners since 1864. They are
also pioneer miners. The post-office and agency for the Colorado GnzHt.rr
are at this store.
Among the leading citizens of the Springs, to whom we are indebted fur
valuable information and mining items, and to whom all visitors can apply
for reliable intelligence, with the assurance they will receive the same, we
will mention the following, although if space would permit, we could and
would most cheerfully give the names of many more equally as respunsiblo :
Dr. E. F. Holland, physician and surgeon, a graduate of Harvard Uni-
versity. He came to the Territory in I860; has represented the county in
the Territorial legislature, and is largely interested in mining and milling
enterprises, and well informed in all matters pertaining to the mines and
minerals of the district.
Dr. A. M. Noxen, a leading citizen since 1860, He was engaged in the
practice of his profession for some years, but is now an active operator in
mining enterprises, and the owner of valuable mining properity.
Hopkins Barnes, justice of the peace, notary public and (hmocrat; a
leading citizen since 1860, justice of the peace since 1862, a democrat since
the earliest recollection of the oldest inhabitant, a hospitable. whole-.<nuled
gentleman for the last forty years, and a trusted and worthy citizen at all
times. He has commenced the construction of a large building lor an ale
brewery, public hall and reading room, which, when completed, will be a
pleasant resort for tourists. He is learned is the mysteries of clurit-rhmciirr.
J. K. Womack, mining operator and one of the proprietors of tlie cele-
brated Seaton lode; a resident since 1860, and thoroughly well informed in
all mining matters. P. E. Charraund, also a mining operator, and completely
identified with the mining interests of the district; a resident since IStUJ,
and a prominent citizen. Also William Hobs, a pioneer prospecter and
miner. J. A. Dory, a pioneer miner and mill-man, and proprietor of reduc-
tion works in Cascade district. John Needham, one of the 1859 pioneers,
and still a miner and mine owner. H. B. Graeff, a miner and prospecter,
and resident of the district since 1860, except during his term of service in
the Second Colorado volunteers. Thomas liay, a pioneer of IS.jO, and one
of the first uulch miners in the district. T. II. Todd, an experienced and
successful prospecter; and last, though not least, our esteemed friend II l .
McHurd.
To Harry Kearsing, a metallurt^ist and assayer of extensive exponence
in the mining districts of California and Colorado, we are idebtcd lor valua-
ble statistics.
372
IDAHO SPRINGS DIRECTORY.
IDAHO SPRINGS DIRECTORY.
ANDERSON HENRY, miner, Payne's
bar
Ambrose N. M. miner
Anderson Andrew, miner, Payne's bar
Arthur Levi H. miner, P. 0. Idaho
Aspel Daniel, miner
B
ANGS CHARLES C. clerk. Main
Barues Hopkins, justice, notary public
and conv(^ancer
Badders Aimer, miner
Beebee F. \V. prop, hotel, Colorado
Bearzy J. B. miner, P. 0. Idaho
Beauregard Peter, miner
Beaupry David, miner
Benuing Alex, laborer
Bennett H. clerk. Main
Bell Frank, miner
Bell James H. miner
Belinger Henry, miner
Black John, carpenter
Blarnalier Thomas, miner
Blanchard S. W. miner
Blackman
Boyd Dennis, miner
Boyer Agusta, miner
Bornetti Daniel, miner
Bogue F. N. stage agt. Main
Bonham S. miner
Bruno Paul, miner
Brunaulp Felaux, miner
Brune F. F. civil surveyor. Main
Busin Lewis, miner
Busha Oliver, miner, P. 0. Idaho
piARTER W. M. freighter
Carup Calvin, speculator
Cahill James, laborer
Cathers John, freighter
Carlile Joseph, miner
Cafferty Ed. miner
Callison E. F. miner
Cauhose August, miner
Choath Henry, carpenter, Main
Charruand P. E. mining operator
Clenfield John, miner
Clawson G. W. miner
Cook John M. miner
Cook W. E. laborer
Cooper Thomas, miner
Coons G. V). miner
Corcoran James, miner
Coddington M. 0. prop, livery stable
Craven James W. miner
Curin Austin, miner
D
AVIS WARREN, laborer
Davis Charles, laborer
Daginais Paul, miner
Daginais Samuel, miner
Dahl John, miner*
Dean Thomas J. miner
Decker G. W. miner, Colorado
Devel John, miner
Dixon Thomas, miner
Dory John, mining operator. Main
Dory Scott, miner
Dority Dan, millman
Dority John, tailor
Dority W. F. millman
Dougherty Ed. miner
Doe George H. constable
Dominguess Celestine
Dorlow David, miner
Dunn James, ranchman
Dwrey J. F. miner
"TID WARDS JOHN, miner
Ellis Amos, shoemaker
F
AIVRE DENNIS, merchant
Felt William, miner
Fitzpatrick F. H. millman
Fitzgerald E. laborer
Fitzgerald W. J. carpenter
Fridge Oldridge, miner
Freeman Jacob, miner
Friedes Jaques, miner
Fox H. F. miner
All WHEELER & WILSOXjewiugMach^^ for Five Years.
IDAHO SPRINGS DIRECTORY.
o-o
O I o
NortliAEricanFireliisnraiiceCo.
OF NEW YORK.
A.SSETS, - - . . $800,000
Reichard & Wiiine, Agents,
/^ ASKILL L. D. C. mining operator
Gallagher John, miner
Gibson Loril, miner
Gibson William, speculator and mining
operator
Gilson Robert
Glass Daniel, miner
Gray R. C.
Griswold R. B. prospecter, Colorado
Green Joseph, blacksmith
Green John, miner
H
ARDEN J. N prop, hotel
Harris F. B. miner
Harrison William, miner
Halderman Daniel, ranchman
Hall William, ranchman
Helms Franklin, miner
Helms V. miner
Hicks Daniel W. lumberman
Hosking Benj. miner
Holland E. F. surgeon
Hough T. J. ranchman
Hobbs William, clerk
Howard George F. miner
Holton John, miner
Hughes James, miner
Hulverson Christ, blacksmith
Hulverson 0. miner
Hunter William F. miner
Hunter G. W. miner
Hudson Greg, miner
Hylands H. miner
Hylands William
TVERSON HANS, carpenter, Main
TESSUP ASA, teamster
Jolly Frank, miner
Johnson Andrew, miner
TT^ALBAUGH JAMES, miner
Kelso George L. miner
King Francis, miner
Kelter Philip, miner
Kooken Daniel, miner
Kremer Frank, miner
ATSHAW WILLIA.M H.
irtestsrii Mutual Life
INSURANCE CO.
Katio of expense to iiuome in IsTo, .,nl) II. si.
I>r. S. S. WalUhait. General A,jent,
DENVEIt, CUM (HA Do.
L
Layton Fred, miner
Lashu Cephas, miner
Lacoy Eline. miner
Lamein Ed. miner
Lacoy Herbet, miner
Lauglien , miner
Lowe Theo. mining pupt.
Lowe E. A. ranchman
Long Jacob
Luky Mike, miner
M
ARION JESSE, miner
Mason A. L. freighter
Martin Charles, millman
Mason A. L. miner
Marilly Frank, miner
McAlister Sam. miner
McCool Mike, miner
McGee John, miner
McHiird B. F. carpenter and builder
Mc^Iann Mike, miner
McMickle Peter, laborer
Mead John L. miner
Metcalf George, miner
Mickle H. V. miner
Jlickle J. H. miner
Mitchell John, clerk
Miller (Jeorjro ('.justice of peace
Mixer E. T. miner
Morton M. R. shoemaker, Main
jMoorse F. II. laborer
Montapiio H. prop. Ocean Bulh
Montague D. A.
T^EEDHAM JOHN, miner
Nierdemus William, miner
iN'oxen X. M. pliysician and surgeon
r\WENS EVAN, tollgate keeper
Owen William, miner
PATTEN AMBROSE E. tollgBie
keeper
Fatten G. W. mercbant, Main
Parker Robert, Main
Peters E. D.
Plummer H. liveryman
Pbennings A. miner
374
IDAHO SPRINGS DIRECTORY.
MANHAnM FIRE INSURANCE CO.
OF STEW YORK.
Cash Assets,nearly One and a Half Million Dollars.
For perfect indemnity against loss, apply for poli-
cies in this VETERAN COMPANT.
' CRATER &. COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, DenTor, Colorado.
Pierce G. F. miner
Potter Chand. miner
Presler Jacob, miner
Primony Nelson, miner
r\UANTANCE W. P. miner
Quinn John, stone mason
T) AY THOMAS, speculator
Reader J. A. H. ranchman
Reily Barney, miner
Revera J. A. miner
Rice George
Richards Peter, miner
Richards J. M. miner
Rice Jos. A. miner
Rice J. A. miner
Riley Mich, miner .
Rogark Thomas, miner
Roberts John G. miner
Roberts Thomas, miner
Rossiter G. E. laborer
s
ARIBLE ANTOINE, miner
Schwartz B. baker
Scovill Henry, miner
Seaton C. L. miner
Seaton Pat. miner
Sharp J. H, carpenter
Shepard W. A. prop, billiard hall
Sines J. F. miner
Simmons Jos. R. miner
Silvertooth John, deputy sheriff
Simpson William, teamster
Sisty E. B. ranchman
Sisty W. E. ranchman
Simms W. R. miner
Skinner D. K. prop, billiard saloon
Smith John, stonemason
Smith John, Blue ranch
Smith J. N.
Smith S. P. miner
Smith Charles, miner
Sullivan Patrick W.
TAYLOR JOHN H. livery and feed
stable
Taylor Henry, clerk
Taylor Baltic, teamster
Terrill Hiram, miner
Tlieohold Peter, merchant
Thorn James G. mountaineer
Todd Tipton H.
Todd M.
Toussant Lewis, miner
Tolley Robert, miner
Topping John, mining supt.
Triphmier P. miner
TTANCE JOHN E. ranchman
Vinette Clestins, ranchman
Veilling Wm. C.
TTTARNER H. J. prop, billiard hall
Watson Zeb. miner
Wagner Wille, miner
Wells Elisha, mining operator
Whaley Wm. Wm. miner
Williams John, miner
Wilson James L. miner
Woods G. W. blacksmith
IVomack S. R. mining operator
Womack R. M. miner
Wright J. C. miner
Wright William, miner
Wurtz George W. miner
^OUNG CHARLES, miner
nfORNS JAMES, teamster
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
CO WELL & PATTEN,
BEAIiERS IN
I S®f#l®ad,ise
MINERS' SUPPLIES,
Groceries, Provisions, Stationery, Canned
Fruits, Cigars, Tobacco, etc,
AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF THE
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
I'ost Office,
IDAHO SPRINGS, COLORADO.
DEALER IN
Groceries and Provisions, Miners' Supplies, Boots and s1i«m>r,
and everytiiing sold in a first-class country store.
IDAHO SFBIJVGS, - COL O h\ I D O.
DEALER IN
& ENEMA It MEM€HANDISE
Groceries, Provisions, Cigars, Tobacco, Miners' SuppHfs, M.m.i.s,
Shoes, General Merchandise, Wines, Liquors, etc. The
PIONEER store of the district.
IDAHO SPRINGS, - - COLORADO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
TJDJk.Ti:(D
BILLIARD HALL
IDAHO SPRINGS, - COLORADO,
J, H. "WARNER, Proprietor.
Phelan & Collender's improved tables. The hall, 26
by 65 feet, well lighted and ventilated, and furnished with
Sherwood's improved seats. The bar always supplied with
choice Wines and Liquors, and the attendants experienced
and accommodating.
IWfl
JOHN N. HARDEN, Proprietor,
IDAHO SPRINGS, - COLORADO.
This Hotel is new, thoroughly furnished throughout,
and in every way first-class. It is in the immediate vicinity
of the
MAMMOTH AND OCEAN BATH HOUSES,
and centrally located. Every attention paid to guests, and
their comfort the first object of the proprietor.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
HAHMtf H lAf El
MAMMOTH BATH HOUSE.
Mammoth swimming baths at the largest swimming l)Jith
house at the springs.
All kinds of baths in the waters of these famous springs,
and every attention paid to comfort of patrons. Private
bath rooms for ladies.
J. H. PHILLIPS, Proprietor,
IDAHO SFEIJVGS, - COLOltlDO.
u HOI
GEO. W. AUSTIN k J. C. EASLEY, Proprs.,
Mouth of Fall River, Spanish Bar,
i This beautifully located and excellent hotel, formerly kept by Edwitdj,
and known as
to tourists an
d travelers, was purchased by the present proprietor, in the fall
. They intend to ke^ up the reputation of the house .nd m.ke it .
pleasant and comfortable resort for Rocky Mountain touristr
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
BBEBBE HOUSE
F. W. BEEBEE^ rroprietor,
IDAHO SPRINGS, - COLORADO.
This Hotel, so well and favorably known to travelers
and tourists, is the largest and most elegantly furnished and
best arranged in the mountains. The proprietor is thor-
oughly acquainted with the hotel business, understands how
to take care of guests, and has the accommodations and
appliances requisite to insure comfort to all. The Hotel is
on one of the principal streets, only five minutes' walk from
the famous Hot Springs and Bath Houses.
Ocean Baths! Ocean Baths!
OCEAN SWIMMING BATHS !
.A.T THE OOE3.A.1T B^THI HOUSE
Mouth of Soda Creek,
H. MONTAGUE, Proprietor.
If you desire a bath in the remarkable waters of these Springs, famous
for their curative properties to invalids, and peculiarly exhilarating and
healthful to all, go to the Ocean Baths, at the old Bath House. Private
bath rooms for ladies, with female attendants.
GEORGETOWN DIRECTORY.
/ 0
GEORGETOV/N,
The principal town and county seat of Clear Creek county, is pleai-aiitly
located in a beautiful valley on South Clear creek, about twelve niilus Ir.nii
its confluence with Fall river, and eight miles from its source, at the base of
the main range. This valley is surrounded on three sides by mountain
ranges, which, at some points, reach an elevation of 2,000 iei-t" above the
valley — Leavenworth mountain on the south, Republican on the west, and
Summit on the east. It is nearly half a mile in breadth, level and fertile.
Within the city limits the two principal branches of South Clear creek
unite and form this beautiful stream, which furnishes abundant water-pi.wer
for reduction works and machinery, and to the citizens an ample supply of
pure, cold sparkling water for all purposes. The city limits include an area
of 637 acres, 22 rods and 12 yards. The streets run north and south, and
east and west, intersecting each other at right angles, and crossing Cifar
creek and its branches on substantial bridges. The buildings are chiefly
wooden; the lumber from the pine forests that abound on the mountain.*
and in the valleys of Clear Creek county. Many of the residences and
business blocks are large, well constructed, neatly painted, and ta-stofully
ornamented. The streets are paved with gravel and pebbles from the bed
of the creek; entirely free from mud at all seasons, and in excellent condi-
tion. Altogether, Georgetown is one of the most beautiful and pros|.ernu<«
mining towns in Colorado — the surrounding scenery unsurpas.sed in grandeur
and loveliness. The climate is unusually mild, considering the elevation and
proximity of the snow range; the belt of mines in the surrounding ni^.tint-
ains inexhaustible in richness, and their extent unknown, and the mhahit-
ants orderly, intelligent and enterprising.
The town is connected with the plains by excellent wagon roads, in pood
condition for travel at all seasons. The Colorado Stage Co.'s coache.s trans-
fer passengers from this place to Denver, a distance of forty-eight miles, in
about eight hours; to Idaho Spring, a distance of thirteen miles, in two
hours, and Central, eighteen miles, in less than four hours, and f^oon a nil-
road will link this mining centre to the great commercial centres ot the hnst.
The district and town was first settled in 1860 by the (.mfeth lam.ly. rom
which the town and district take their names; the town Iron, (,.or,,r UnU
fith, the first recorder of the mining district. The fir.st survey and plat ot
the town site was made by David Grifiith. in 18G0. This '•;««••'«• ^";»^^
second survey made by Charles Hoyt, Esq., an employe^ ot the bullion >^\^.T
Mining Co., in the fall of 1867, under the direction of '•>« ^''l^^-^J,*!
survey defines the boundaries, blocks and streets ot to-day, and is •"corro ..c
in the town charter granted by the Territorial legislature, in an ao pro^ ^
January 10, 1868, signed by C. H. McLaughhn. speaker o ' -^••.•"7;f
representatives, William Webster, president ot council, and Irani Hall.
actincr governor.
376 GEORGETOWN DIRECTORY.
Previous to tliis charter, the authorities in the town and district were- the
officers of the Winers' Court, acting under the miners' code of laws, and the
county officials since the county organization. Under the charter, the gov-
erning powers are a police judge, who is ex officio mayor; two selectmen
from each ward (two wards), a city marshal, city clerk, attorney, surveyor,
assessor, collecLor, treasurer and street commissioner. These are elected, a
part annually and the balance bi-ennially, by the legal voters of the town.
The police judge is also president of the board of selectmen. The first
police judge and selectmen were as follows:
Police Judge, Prof. Frank Dibben; Selectmen — First Ward, W. W.
"Ware, Charles Whitner; Second Ward, H. K. Pearson, John Scott.
The present city officials are:
Police Judge, C. A. Whitford; Selectmen — First Ward, A. B. Rea, H. C.
Chapin; Second Ward, A. D. Cooper, J. M. Smith; City Clerk, C. B. Pat-
terson; City Attorney, Frank A. Pope; City Marshal, J. F. Wyman; Sur-
veyor, Albert Johnson; Assessor and Collector, C. E. Fish; Treasurer, W.
H. Cushman; Street Commissioner, A. H. Whitehead.
The finst settlers in this town and district prospected and mined for gold
only, and soon discovered that the surrounding belt of lodes were not rich
in ores bearing the precious yellow metal. The existence of silver ores in
Colorado was not fully established at this time, and the miners believing the
large quantities of mineral discovered nearly valueless, many of them aban-
doned the district, which was but thinly populated until the important dis-
covery was made, in 1864, that these ores wore exceeding rich in silver.
This changed the course of events. The abundance and richness of the
silver ores of Clear Creek county, and Griffith district especially, created
unusual excitement among miners and prospecters, who rushed to these mines
in numbers unprecedented since the first discovery of gold in the mountains.
From this period dates the real success of silver mining in Colorado, and the
permanent growth and prosperity of Georgetown, which has already secured
the position of second mining and mercantile town in the Territory, and
will, no doubt, very soon rank among the first in wealth, number of inhab-
itants, and mining, milling and mercantile importance. We spent consider-
able time in Georgetown in the summer and fall of 1870, and know, from
actual observation, that the climate is unusually mild for its elevation, and
exceedingly pleasant and healthful; the location of the town and its sur-
roundings unsurpassed in grandeur and beauty of scenery; the silver lodes
in the adjacent mountains of unusual richness, and the inhabitants enter-
prising and prosperous. Tourists will find Georgetown a pleasant place of
resort, and mining operators and capitalists a good point for safe and profit-
able investments.
GEORGETOWN DIRECTORY.
377
GEORGETOAVN DIRECTORY,
A CCIOR A. miner, second ward
Adams A. T. M. miner, second ward
Aitkin George, miner, second ward
Allen I. D. miner, first ward
Allen J. T. miner, first ward
Allen J. 0. miner, first ward
Ames Fisher, miner, first ward
Ambrose Philip, shoemaker, Alpine
Amsberry W. A. miner, first ward
Antentio Antoni, miner, second ward
Archibald Robert, miner, second ward
Archibald Joseph, miner, second ward
Ashard J. B. miner, first ward
Ashley Franklin, miner, second ward
Atherton Henry, miner, second ward
August A. J. miner, second ward
BALDWIN CHARLES P. mining agt.
Main
Barnard A. W. editor and prop. Miner,
Main
Barnes Thomas, billiard saloon, cor.
Rose and Mary
Barrett George W. mining agt. P. 0.
Georgetown
Bates Walter, carp ter, Argentine
Barton William, prop, hotel, Taos
Barton J. N. prop, hotel, Taos
Bailey P. S. liveryman, Alpine
Bailey & Nott, liverymen, Alpine
Badger J. C. miner, first ward
Barker .Josh, miner, second ward
Baxter Stephen, miner, first ward
Barney F. F. miner, first ward
Bechtel A. mining supt. P. 0. George-
town
Bell C. T. miner, first ward
Bell Adolphus, miner, second ward
Bell J. L. miner, second ward
Bedell John, miner, second ward
Beffers John, miner, second ward
Berry L. W. miner, second ward
Bissell C. R. miner, first ward
Blossom E. H. clerk, Alpine
Blumer L. saloon, cor. Tenth and Argen-
tine
Bowme B. C. miner, Taos
Bofry Peter, miner, first ward
Bowman L. M. miner, first ward
Bowen J. miner, first ward
Borret Anthony, miner, first ward
Borret Pat. miner, first ward
Boyer Henry, miner, first wanl
Bradley Fred. C. clerk, Taos
Bryant A. H. clerk, Taos
Bryant P. L. miner, P. 0. Georgetown
Bramel C. W. judge and attorney at law,
office, Alpine, r. Main
Brownell A. W. miner, Alpine
Bracken Mike, miner, first ward
Bracken Pat. miner, first ward
Brofry Ales, miner, first ward
Brother E. T. miner, first ward
Brothers F. S. miner, first ward
Brown W. H. miner, first ward
Brown F. T. miner, first ward
Batten Chas. printer, Miner office
Bush Joseph, miner, Taos
Burdsall C. W. general merchandise,
cor. Argentine and Tenth
Burleigh Charles, pres. Burleigh Tun-
nel Co. P. 0. Georgetown
Buttrick L. butcher, Alpine
Burdett , brickmaker, Argentine
Buchanan G. W. physician and sur-
geon, Taos
Buchanan T. J. miner, second ward
Bullock J. T. miner, second ward
Bullock T. J. miner, first ward
Butler T. S. miner, first ward
Butler Samuel, miner, first ward
Buchman Louis, miner, second ward
Burkherp S. H. miner, first ward
CA:*DEE k PITZER, groceries, pro-
visions, fruit, cigars, etc. Main
Candee Fred. P. merchant. Main
Case Jobn W. miner. High
Case M. D. carpenter, High
Case L. Y. miner, second ward
Case J. miner, first wan!
Case Wm. B. miner, second ward
Campbell II. C mining agt. Taos
Campbell W. L. sheriff. Clear
county, Argentine
Cre«k
378
GEORGETOWN DIRECTORY.
Tenters & Nei Tort Fire Insnraiice Co.
0.2^ JV^E TV" l^OJiJC.
Cash Assets, nearly a Million Dollars.
Liberal Rates — Consenative — Prompt to
pay Losses.
CBATEB k COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
Camper James, miner, second ward
Gallery James, miner, second ward
Carroll William, miner, first ward
Canlenth James, miner, second ward
Caze August, merchant, Alpine
Chafee A. J. miner, second ward
Chapin II. C. merchant. Rose
Charles James, miner, second ward
Charles Thomas, miner, second ward
Cheever B. W. metallurgist, at Interna-
tional Reduction Works, P. 0. George-
town
Cheide Peter, miner, second ward
Cliurchill A. A. news depot, California
fruits, etc. Rose
Churchill C. C. miner. Rose
Clark Andrew, engineer, Taos
Clark Horace F. clerk, Main
Clark D. B. miner, first ward
Clark David, miner, first ward
Clark Fred, miner, second ward
Clay Henry, miner, first ward
Clements Ed. miner, second ward
Cooper Thomas B. millman, Clark
Cooper W. R. miner, second ward
Cooper A. D. miner, second ward
Coulson John, printer, Mimr oflice
Coulter J. A. lawyer, first ward
Coulter George, miner, first ward
Courtney Elec, miner, second ward
Cornmau G. W. cabinetmaker, Alpine
Collins R. J. miner, first ward
Conner Richard, miner, second ward
Cook J. M. miner, second ward
Cowles H. C. miner, first ward
Cowles S. M, miner, first ward
Cox G. W. miner, first ward
Cox B. E. miner, first ward
Cox Jasper, miner, first ward
Grossman A. C. blacksmith, Rose
Crow Henry, miner, first ward
Cree John, mining operator, P. 0.
Georgetown
Cree Alex, merchant, Alpine
Cummings J. W. carpenter, Taos
Curtis A. F, hardware, books and sta-
tionery, Alpine
DARRAH BEXJ. F. notary public
and mining operator. Main
Davidson Joseph, miner, first ward
Dennis J. M. miner, P. 0. Georgetown
Dennison C. W. miner, first ward
Denel J. A. miner, second ward
Decatur Stephen, editor Miner, Taos
De la Mar Frank, lawyer, first ward
Devallie Peter, carpenter, Taos
Devotie D. miner, Clark
Devotie John C. millman, Clark
Devotie H. M. miner, first ward
Dewitt Walter, miner, P. O. Georgetown
De Main R. N. miner, second ward
Dimick Lee, miner, Clark
Dimick C. A. miner, Clark
Dlbben Frank Prof, metallurgist and
mining agt. P. O. Georgetown
Dickinson Eli, miner, second ward
Dixon P. B. miner, second ward
Dofram A. miner, first ward
Donald William, miner, first ward
Dominguez C. miner, second ward
Dorsch Martin, miner, first ward
Doyle Dan. prop. Doyle House, Main
Doyle George, miner, P. 0. Georgetown
Duggan Stephen, barkeeper, Mary
Du Laney David, miner, first ward
Dupke August, blacksmith, Tenth
Durban E. packer, Taos
EBERLEIN WILLIAM F. miner, P.
0. Georgetown
Ebuer John, miner, first ward
Edwards Stephen, miner, first ward
Edwards A. C. miner, first ward
Egan Jonathan C. painter, Taos
Eg'grleston Bros, photographic artists,
Alpine
Eggleston E. M. artist, Alpine
Eggleston W. K. artist, Alpine
Eggleston C. B. miner, first ward
Eliza Florentine, second ward
Emmanuel Henry, miner, second ward
Erskine William, miner, first ward
Eubank C. miner, fir.st ward
Evans John, millman, Clark
Evans David, millman, Clark
Evans Frederick, brickmason, Clark
Evans Thomas N. miner, first ward
F
A HAY THOMAS, miner, first ward
Fellows A. C. miner, second ward
Filllus Bro.S. dealers in groceries and
miners' supplies, cor. Argentine and
Mary
Fillius John, merchant, cor. Argentine
and Mary
Fillius Philip, merchant, cor. Argentine
and Mary
Fish C. R. notary public, city assessor
and collector, lawj^er, etc. Taos
Fisher M. prop, bakery, saloon and
boarding house. Main
Fisher J. A. miner, Clark
Fisher A. C. miner, first ward
No charge for repairing Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machines, 209 G St., Denrer.
379
GEORGETOWN DIRECTORY.
OWNERS OF QUA[[TZ MILLS
Will find it to their advantago to consult
Insurance Agents,
DENVER, - - COLORADO.
Fitzpatrick Thomas J. miner, P. 0.
Georgetown
Flanigan Michael, miner, first ward
Flathers Ira, millman. Rose
Folty N. R. miner, first ward
Forrest J. AV. packer, Mack
Foster J. H. miner, second ward
France Matt, miner, first ward
Franklin William, miner, first ward
Franklin Ashley, miner, second ward
Fretz AV. K. miner, first ward
GARBARINO JOSEPH B. saloon,
Taos
Gallup & Gallatin, harness and sad-
dlerj', Alpine
Gamer J. R. miner, first ward
Gage James, miner, first ward
Garcas Thomas, miner, second ward
Garera Jos. Simon, miner, second ward
Garera Antonio, miner, second ward
Gatchell E. L. miner, second ward
Gilchrist AV. J. miner, first ward
Glaze David AV. miner, first ward
Goutens Robert, miner, first ward
Goss C. J. mining agt.
Gould Joseph, miner, second ward
Green Charles, milkman, Taos
Greenleaf C. jeweler, Taos
Gravell John, miner, second ward
Graves A. M. miner, first ward
Griffiths Wm. R. miner, P. 0. George-
town
Gnard Henry, butcher, Alpine
Guard James, butcher, Alpine
Gunn William, miner, first ward
Gunn James, miner, first ward
H
AMEL WILLIAM, miner. South
Hiimill AV. A. miner, first ward
Hamliill John R. miner, P. 0. George-
town
Hamble Clinton, miner, first ward
Hand Pat. miner, first ward
Hansdon D. H. carpenter. Main
Harris John T. mining agent. Main
Harney C. H. C. millman, Clark
Harsha David, miner, first ward
Hartwell T. A. miner, first ward
Harrington John, miner, first ward
Harrington H. C. notary public, Alpine
Hale AVm. M. miner, first ward
THK
M#lf a WESTER IS^^
Is the leading Life Agenoy west of
tlie Missouri.
Business in Colorado rxci'riln that of all other
companies combintd.
EE. S. S. WALLIHAII, Senenl Arsst, Seiver.
Hanson C. miner, first ward
Hanson D. miner, first ward
Hanna D. AV. miner, first ward
Haskins AV. J. miner, second ward
Haskins Jerry, miner, first ward
Hacket AV. T. miner, second ward
Henderson AV. H. miner, first ward
Hedges Clark A. miner, first ward
Herrick J. T. miner, first ward
Hewitt H. H. miner, first ward
Heywood AV. mining agt. Chirk
Higgins Philip, miner, Main
Hill AV. H. miner, first ward
Hill Miles, miner, first warii
Hillary Charles, miner, first ward
Hiltibiddle C. miner, second ward
Hood AVilliam B. lawyer, Taos
Holmes D. AV. miner, second ward
Hogan Philip, miner, first ward
Housen Harmon, miner, first ward
Hewlett John, miner, P. O. ticorgciown
Hoskins P. S. miner, second ward
Huel George, miner, P. O. Georgetown
Hulburt AV. N. miner, second ward
Huddleston S. F. miner, first ward
Hunter AV. A. miner, first ward
Hunter George AV. miner, first wanl
Hutchinson AVilliam, clerk, Alpino
Hutchinson AV. N. miner, first ward
Hughes Shannon, miner, first war>l
Hughes Patrick, miner, first ward
Hubbard James, miner, second ward
TNGRAM JAMES, miner, second ward
Ingram AA'illiam, miner, second wanl
Irwin Joseph, miner, first ward
Isaacs J. M. miner, first ward
TAMES MAX, miner, Taos
Jansom Thos. AV. miner, first ward
Jacobs AVilliam, miner, .«.'cond ward
Jarvis J. miner, second ward
Jennings D. D. cariu-nier. Cbirk
Johnson Nel-on, barl>er, Alpmo
Johnson Albert, civil and mining en-
gineer, ortice. Taos, r. Biirrill
Johnson AVilliam, miner, first wnrd
Johnson AV. R. miner, first ward
Johnson Egbert, miner, first ward
Jones AV. C, laborer, Taos
Jones Charles, miner, first wnrd
380
GEORGETOWN DIRECTORY.
Wasiiiiloii Fire Iisiraice Co.
OF A^EVV YORK.
Cash Assets, nearly a Million Dollars.
Well ijianagfci. AVoithy the honored
mime it bears.
CEATER & COBB, Agents,
HoUaday Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
Jones Frank, miner, second ward
Jones James, miner, first ward
Joy D. H. miner, first ward
KALLABURGH ISAAC, miner, first
ward
Karwin Theo. miner, second ward
Kelley Michael, miner, second ward
Kempton James, miner, second ward
Kerr J. B. miner, second ward
Kelso F. W. miner, P. 0. Georgetown
Kinney A. R. teamster. Taos
King David, miner, second ward
Kimberlin C. A. miner, second ward
Kirngle Gotlieb, miner, first ward
X AKE D. merchant, Argentine
Lake John D. merchant, Argentine
Lahay David, miner, first ward
LaflFerta I. A. miner, first ward
Lampshire H. F. miner, second ward
Lane John, butcher, Alpine
Lawson J. B. miner, first ward
Lawler John, miner, first ward
Leggett II. prop. Leggett House, Taos
Ledom A. W. miner, first ward
Lees David, miner, second ward
Leonard B. F. miner, first ward
Leas G. W. miner, first ward
Lewis Samuel, miner, second ward
Lewis .\llen, miner, second ward
Lewis E. 11. miner, second ward
Light William, mining agt. Argentine
Linn W. P. miner, second ward
Lichfield J. W. miner, first ward
Little James, minei', second ward
Lockwood Mrs. prop, boarding house,
Argentine
Loring J. E. miner, second ward
Lorton Thomas, miner, second ward
Love J. A. merchant, Alpine
Lowry Andy, miner, P. O. Georgetown
Lusk Lafayette, miner, first ward
Lucero Gregoris, miner, second ward
Lynch J. S. mining agt. P. 0. George-
town
Lynch J'ohn, miner, first ward
Lynch Thomas S. miner, first ward
Lynch J. T. miner, second ward
Lynch Joseph M. miner, first ward
MAHANEY MICHAEL, miner, P. 0.
Georgetown
Mahaiiy J. 0. mining operator^ P. 0.
Georgetown
Mahaney A. D. miner, second ward
Majors E. Pi. miner, second ward
Maim Ira 0. shoe dealer, Alpine
Marsh Daniel, miner, first ward
Marsh Geo. E. civil engineei-, Alpine
Marshall E. G. dealer in cigars, tobacco,
etc. Rose
Marshall T. J. miner, first ward
Marshall E. J. miner, first ward
Madrid Josh, miner, second ward
Mathew Joseph, miner, second ward
Martin C. H. miner, first ward
Martin AV. A. miner, first ward
Martin Juan Antonio, miner, second ward
Martine C. A. metallurgist, P.O. George-
town
May Charles, miner, P. 0. Georgetown
Mayer John, miner, second ward
McAfee James, miner. Rose
McAfee Joseph, miner, first ward
McAners R. S. miner, first ward
McCord Joseph, physician, second ward
McCoy J. C. hotel prop. Taos
McClurg A. miner, second ward
McDowell J. N. miner, Taos
McDonnel John, miner, first ward
McFarland J. W. miner, first ward
McGowen Thomas, miner, first ward
McGowen George, miner, first ward
McGowen George, miner, second ward
McGahay G. T. miner, first ward
McGrath George, miner, second ward
McKipp Thomas, miner. Main
McKay J. P. miner, first ward
McKensey J. J. miner, second ward
McLaughlin James, miner, first ward
McLelland.Erskine, miner, fiist ward
McMurdy J. H. lawyer, Georgetown
Merrill L. H. miner, P. 0. Georgetown
Mills J. K. merchant, cor. Argentine and
Alpine
Mills G. A. miner, first ward
Mills Marcus, miner, first ward
Mickle J. H. miner, second ward
Mitchael John, miner, second ward
Monti J. merchant, Alpine
Monti B. merchant, Alpine
Monroe George, builder, Argentine
Morse G. M. miner, first ward
Morse Sullivan, miner, second ward
Morse C. W. miner, first ward
Moore John, miner, second ward
Moore C. H. miner, second ward
Moor C. H. metallurgist, Stewart's Re-
duction AVorks
Moore F. A. miner, second ward
Moore M. K. miner, second ward
Morrison R. S. lawyer, Georgetown
The Largest Sewing Machine Depot in Colorado, at 209 G Street, Denrer.
GEORGETOWN DIRECTORY.
381
EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY
Inwureil 12,000,000 more in 1869 than any other
life insurance company in the world.
REICHARD & WINNE, General Agents,
DEXTER, COJLOKADO.
Morris J. A. Georgetown bakery, Main
Morkley W. A. miner, first ward
Mooney Thomas, miner, first ward
Mosier H. D. miner, first ward
Morgan C. H. miner, first ward
Moffat J. H. miner, second ward
Montoy Juan, miner, second ward
Moss George M. butcher, Alpine
Munsell Thomas, miner, first ward
Murphy Thomas, miner. Main
Murray George, miner, first ward
Muschoe Theo. miner, second ward
Myer Gus. miner, second ward
Myers Charles, miner, second ward
IVTASH HENRY, tinsmith, Clark
Nash S. tinsmith. Rose
Naplieys B. F. editor 3Iiner, Taos
Nott C. C. teamster, Taos
Nott S. W. prop, livery and feed stable,
Alpine
Nichols W. H. clerk, Brownell
OAKS JACOB, mnfr. and dealer in
boots and shoes, Alpine
O'Bryan Jerry, miner, second ward
O'Bryau D. W. miner, first ward
Ogle B. miner, second ward
Ohary Mike, miner, second ward
Olson Ole, miner, first ward
Osborne Thomas, merchant, Alpine
Osborne John, miner, second ward
Owsley James B. miner, first ward
T)ACHIO GINNO, miner, second ward
Packard George, miner, second ward
Parker Henry C. miner, Main
Parker M. P. miner. Main
Parpelione James, saloonkeeper, Argen-
tine
Patterson C. B. miner, first ward
Patterson N. J. miner, first ward
Patterson H. 0. miner, first ward
Patten William, miner, second ward
Payne E. S. miner, second ward
Payne Joseph, miner, second ward
Pearson H. K. miner, second ward
Peck F. L. miner, second ward
Phelto Joseph, miner, first ward
Piper J. R. blacksmith, P. 0. George-
town
NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Co.
The safest, the promptest, the most liberal.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN. Gen'l Agent.
JiJZJVV-X'ZIt
Pointer Charles, miner, first ward
Pollard ('. >y. merchant, r. Argentine
Pope Frank A. lawyer, Georgetown
Potter A. A. miner, second ward
Powers R. A. miner, first ward
Powers S. J. miner, first ward
Pratt S. J. miner, first ward
Pues Joseph, miner, first ward
"OANDALL J. S. foreman, MxntT office
Randall Charles, printer, Jtlintr office
Randolph W. C. miner, first ward
Ranchelor F. C. miner, first ward
Raynolds R. R. miner, second ward
Reynolds Warren, engineer, Taos
Reynolds J. T. miner, second ward
Reynolds R. P. miner, second ward
Rea A. B. miner, first ward
Reardon Andrew, miner, first ward
Reid J. S. miner, first ward
Remine Pachio, miner, second ward
Rhoades C. C. merchant, Taos
Richards John, miner, second ward
Richards W. A. miner, P. 0. George-
town
Rigsby D. T. miner, first ward
Pvoberts Jesse, musician, Taos
Rodgers E. W. miner, first ward
Rodgers Henry, miner, first ward
Romero Antonio, miner, second war«l
Rounds Barney, prop, livery staMe,
Alpine
Rowley W. N. miner, first ward
Roy Antonio, miner, second ward
Rorg Frank, miner, second ward
Ru.ssell Joseph, miner, first ward
s
ANDERS HARRY, miner, first w»rd
Sanders W. C. miner. Main
Sanders Gilbert, miner, first wanl
Saunders Gabriel, laborer, P. O. George-
town
Sanguincti Augustus, saloonkeeper, T»o«
Salam Sampson, miner, first ward
Sanborn J. T. miner, secon.i ward
Scott John, miner, secon.i ward
Scott A. miner, V. 0. Georgetown
Scott Samuel, miner, second wari
Scanlon Patrick, miner, P. 0. George
town ^ ^
Selak Albert, brewer. P. 0. Georgetown
382
GEORGETOWN DIRECTORY.
Don't go on a journey ■without an Accident
Ticket of the
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
CASH ASSETS, HAiT MILLION DOLLAKS.
SQ nnn <* ^ '^'^y- ^ •-^! 5 days, $1.25.
*«*>WUU j^ 10 days, $2.60; 30 days, $5.00.
Can be procured in one minute.
Crater &. Cobb, Agts.,Holladay St., opp. Mint, Denver
Seaman Lafayette, miner, first ward
Shaw Scott, miner, Clark
Shaw Robert, miner, second ward
Shephard L. H. probate judge, oflBce,
Taos
Shephard William M. miner, first ward
Shayer S. merchant, Alpine
Sherman Ira, miner, first ward
Shermer Fred, miner, second ward
Shide Peter, team.ster, Mack
Simmons Aaron, miner, second ward
Simmons T. F. miner, first ward
Simmons J. A. miner, first ward
Sinclair E. W. prop, reduction works,
Argentine
Skehan P. A. mining supt. P. 0. George-
town
Slate Philip, miner, first ward
Smith Conrad 0. miner, Main
Smith A. C. miner, cor. Clark and Eighth
Smith William S. engineer, Taos
Smith P. J. shoe dealer, Taos
Smith G. A. miner, second ward
Smith J. M. shoe mnfr. and dealer, Taos
Snyder F. J. miner, second ward
Snyder H. B. miner, second ward
SpruaiK'e William, recorder and county
clerk, itose
Spruance k Love, merchants, Alpine
Spruel J. C. miner, first ward
Srader Henry, miner, first ward
Stahl Ernst, tailor, Alpine
Stewel J. H. miner, first ward
Stewart J. 0. reduction works, second
ward, P. 0. Georgetown
Stanton Henry, miner, Clark
Stickle James, miner, first ward
Stile G. J. miner, second ward
Stille George, miner, second ward
Steel R. W. miner, first ward
Stoelting Herman, miner, first ward
Stowel C. S. miner, first ward
Strouse & Sprague, merchants, Alpine
Strater E. S. miner, first ward
Stryker John, miner, first ward
Stuart Joseph, miner, second ward
Sullivan John, miner, Main
Sulivan J. E. miner, first ward
Summer John, cooper, Mary
Summer Louis, miner, Mary
Summer Leonard, saloonkeeper, Mary
Swayney A. J. miner, first ward
Sites Geo. L. mining operator, first ward
mAFT W. DEWITT, miner, Rose
Taft Louis P. metallurgist. Main
Taft Lewis B. mining operator. Rose
Taft Walter, mining operator. Rose
Taft AV. T. miner, second ward
Tafte Frederick, miner, second ward
Talmage L. J. miner, first ward
Taylor James, miner, first ward
Thomas H. M. miner, P. 0. Georgetown
Thomas John, miner, first ward
Thompsou A. 0. lawyer, first ward
Thornton Geo. E. miner, first ward
Tindell Gaston, miner, second ward
Tindell G. E. miner, second ward
Todd Samuel, miner, first ward
Tooker Dubois, miner, Taos
Townsend ('. 0. barber, Alpine
Townsend W. A. barber, Alpine
Townsend A. H. lawyer, Georgetown
Trajillo Manuel, miner, second ward
Trapp Louis, merchant, Alpine
Tracy John, carpenter, Taos
Tull Geo. W. miner, second ward
Tucker J. F. miner, second ward
Tucker A. C. miner, second ward
TTLRICH FRED, miner, second ward
Utter Charles, packer and prop, livery
stable, Main
■\TANCE CHARLES, miner, first ward
Vandergrieff James, miner and mill
owner, P. 0. Georgetown
Vanhyning Isaac, engineer, Clark
Varnes J. A. miner, first ward
Vesnor Selim, miner, second ward
Velot J. E. miner, second ward
Veyni Lelin, miner, second ward
Villat J, A. miner, second ward
w
AY G. W. miner, first ward
Wallace G. W. miner, P. 0. Georgetown
Walters Albert, metallurgist, P. 0.
Georgetown
Ware Wm. W. merchant, Alpine
Warner A. C. miner, first ward
Watsou Joseph W. mining agt. Argen-
tine
Weakley W. L. carpenter. Main
Weaver John, miner, P. 0. Georgetown
Weaver E. S. miner, Mary
Weaver J. W miner, Mary
Webb John, miner, second ward
Webb Albert, miner, second ward
Weed G. F. miner, first ward
Weed G. W. miner, first ward
Attachments for SEWING MACHINES at 209 G Street, Denver, Colorado.
GEORGETOWN DIRECTORY.
383
Fair Dealing aii4 Profflpt Aijnstment
Of all honest losses, our motto.
Represent over ($40,000,000) Forty Mil-
lions of Capital!
REICHARD k WINNE, General Insurance Agents,
i>E:r>f"V"E:ii, COL.
Wentworth C. W. miner, second ward
White J. AV. miner, P. 0. Georgetown
White W. Henry, miner, first ward
White James T. miner, first ward
Whitehead A, H. street commissioner
and deputy sheriff, Georgetown
Whitford L. miner, second ward
Wliitford C, A. police judge, Taos
AVhitmer Charles, miner, first ward
Whorton J. E. miner, first ward
Wiekle David, laborer, Taos
Williams J. millwright, Taos
Williams John P. millman, Clark
Williams H. D. miner, first ward
Willihan Stephen, miner, first ward
The'irORTHWESTEEN'
Mas beconip a IIoiskhold WurI)
IX CuLOUAUu.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
HUNTER, COLORADO.
Wilson Gilbert, miner, P. 0. Gciprj;etowa
Woodward J. Tl. engineer, Taos
Wood F. J. miner, first ward
Worreu D. M. miner, first ward
Worthington L. miner, first ward
Wright E. S. druggist, Taos
Wyman John, miner, Georgetown
Wyniau J.H. city marshal, P. t). George-
town
■\T ARROW GEORGE, cook,tTao8
Yates F. L. lawyer, first ward
Young Albert, cook, Taos
Young John, miner, Clark
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
Brumel C. W. Alpine
Coulter J. A.
De la Mar Frank \
fishC. R.
Hood Wm. B.
McMurdy J. H.
Morrison R. S.
Pope Frank A.
Thompson A. G.
Townsend A. H.
Yates F. L.
BANKERS.
Chaflfee Jerome B. & Co.
BAKERIES.
Fisher M. Main
Morris J. A. Main
BARBERS.
Johnson Nelson, Alpine
Townsend C. 0. Alpine
Townsend W. A. Alpine
BILLIARD SALOON.
Barnes Thos. cor. Rose and Mary
BLACKSMITHS.
Crossman A. C. Kuse
Dupkle August
Piper J. R.
BOOTS AND SHOES.
(Muuufacturers aii.l Di :il.i> in )
Hayward & Co. Alpine
Mann Ira 0. Alpine
Oaks Jacob, Alpine
Smith J. M. & Pro. Taos
BOOKS AND STATIONERY.
Curtis A. F. Alpine
Wood & Cree, Alpine
BOARDING HOUSES.
Fisher ^M- M''>n
Lockwood Mrs. .Vrgcntme
BREWER.
Selak Albert
384
GEORGETOWN DIRECTORY.
Don't insure life or property until you road the list
of sterling coni))auies represenle<l by
On the upper left hand corner of the ten
preceding pages in this book.
Aggregate Assets, tUxty-five Million Dollars.
No "Shoo Fly" Companies represented.
Office, Holladay Street, opp. Mint, Denver, Col.
BUILDER.
Monroe Geo. Argentine
BUTCHERS.
Buttrick L. Alpine
Guard James, Alpine
Guard Henry, Alpine
Lane John, Alpine
Moss Geo. M. Alpine
CABINET MAKER.
Gorman G. W. Alpine
CHURCHES.
Baptist
Congregational
Episcopal (Grace)
Methodist Episcopal
CARPENTERS.
Bates Walter, Argentine
Case M. D. High |
Cumniings J. W. Taos
Devallie Peter, Taos
Handson D. H. Main
Jennings D. D. Clark
Tracey John, Taos
Weakley W. L.
CIGARS, TOBACCO, ETC.
Candee & Titzer, Main
Marshall E. 6. Rose
CIVIL ENGINEERS.
Johnson Albert, Taos
Marsh Geo. Alpine
DRUGGISTS.
Fish C. R. Taos
Wright E. S. Taos
ENGINEERS
Clark Andrew-
Reynolds Warren, Taos
Smith Wm. S.
Vanhyning Isaac, Clark
Woodward J. H. Taos
FRUITS, ETC.
Candee & Pitzer, Main
Churchill A. A. Rose
GENERAL MERCHANTS.
Burdsal C. W. Alpine
Candee & Pitzer, Main
Case August, Alpine
Chapin H. C. Rose
Lake D. Argentine
Lake John D. Argentine
Love J. A. Alpine
Mills J. K. Argentine, cor. Alpine
Monti J. Alpine
Monti B. Alpine
Osborn Thos. Alpine
Pollard C. W.
Rhoades C. C. Taos
Shayer S. Alpine
Spruance & Love, Alpine
Strouse & Sprague, Alpine
Trapp Loui.s, Alpine
Ware Wm. W. Alpine
HARDWARE.
Curtis A. F. Alpine
HARNESS AND SADDLERY.
Gallup & Gallilin
HOTELS.
Barton House, Taos »
Doyle House, Main
Leggett House, Taos
McCoy House, Taos
JE'WELER.
Greenleaf C. Taos
LIVERY STABLE.
Bailey & Nott, Alpine
Clark & Campbell, Alpine
Rounds Barney, Alpine
METALLURGISTS.
Cheever B. W.
Dibben Frank Prof.
Martine C. A.
Moor C. H.
Taft Louis P. Main
Walters Albert
MINING AGENTS.
Baldwin Charles P. Main
Barrett Geo. W.
Campbell H. C. Taos
Dibben Frank Prof.
Goss C. J.
Haywood W. Clark
Light Wm. Argentine
Lynch J. S.
Sites G. L.
Watson Joseph W.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
j^. :f. otji^tis
DEAI^ER IX
HARDWARE, STOVES
i. Miners' Supplies, Table and FocJcet Cutlery, Pocket Pistols,
Cartridges, Etc. Also keeps constantly on hand a
complete supply of Staple Stationery , Blank
Books, Books, Etc.
A.LSO, AGENT FOR
Mmmmm^ l^®w4€» Company
A LARGE SUPPLY OK
BLASTING, SPORTING AND RIFLE POWDER
All kinds of Fxise, Cartridf^^e Paper and S^waUM ...m
itantly on hand.
ALPINE STREET,
GEO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
GUARD ti BRO.
^a-cy
i trti ^i
p
And Dealers in
FS®¥'IiI@
jbit. .f?ik_i^y«:::
"Muczsas:
jVlpine Street,
<^EORGETOWJy,
COLORAB0.
J. K. mii^i^s.
DEALER IN
TO##lll)i»
m
MINERS' SUPPLIES,
TOBACCO, POWDER, FUSE, CARTRIDGE PAPER, SOAP,
^e/ieial^^6iicAand/jej
AX^OENTINE, OOH. OF ALPINE STREET,
Georgetown,
Colorado.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
GHARLiSS H. MOOR,
ANALYTICAL CHEMIST
AND
And Assayer for the Stewart Silver Reducing Co.
GEORGETOWN, - COLORADO.
C. O. TOWNSEND,
Karl3er aiid HairDrossi i?
Keeps the only FIRST-CLASS BARBER and HAIR DRESSIX;
ESTABLISHMENT in the citv.
Alpine, near Rose St., GEORGETOWN, COL.
Wholesale and Retail Dealer In
Groceries i Provisions
RANCH PRODUCE, FLOUR, FEED, ETC.
HARDWARE, IRON, STEEL AND NAILS,
Cor. Argentine and Tenth Sts.
LOWBB GEOBGETOWN, - C0L01!.iI>(>.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Heywood &: Co.
And Wholesale uiid Ret.iil dealers in
^ff f mm^ Sl:tei.
Their stock of Ladies' and Children's Gaiters is complete and extensive,
and will be sold at lowest cash prices. Also dealers in
Gentlemen's Hosiery, Gloves, etc.
IRA O. MAXN, Agent,
Greorg-etoAATi, Color-aclo.
JAMES SMITH & BRO.
Manufaclurer.s and Doak-rs in
i##f s Mm isti
ALSO DEALERS IN
HATS, CAPS, GLOVES, HOSIERY, ETC.
A COMPLETE STOCK AXD REASONABLE PRICES.
Taos Street,
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
#jfe
i ^
i#iFl=T
II tiiuter,
A. W. BARNARD, Propr.
€&I,@R.-if>o.
The only Mining Paper in Colorado.
A weekly newspaper, devoted to the minlns: interests of
Colorado. Has a circulation in every county in the Terri-
tory and in nearly every State in the Union. Neutral in
politics.
TERMS, $4.00 PER YEAR.
Contains the mining news of the Territory, especially
that of Clear Creek county.
11^=^ The Miner offers unusually good facilities for
advertisers.
2 GEO
SEND FOR IT! SUBSCRIBE FOR ITII
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
JOHN FII.LIUS. PHILIP FILLITJS.
FILLIUS BROTHERS,
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
filiilBIlS. PlilMl
Mining Supplies, £tc.
Cor. Argentine and Mary Streets,
DAXIEL DOYLE, Proprietor,
3Iain Street, GEORGETOWN, COL. i
This house has been recently finished; tlie rooms are plastered throughout, and
the furniture new and flrst-dass. Mr. Doyle has had large experience at hotel-
keeping, and will do everytiiing in his power to secure comfort to his guests.
fi^^ Remember Doyle House, one and one-half blocks from the Post Office.
<if AIT pcriiiic
CONVEYANCER.
Particular attention given to Collections from abroad, and all moneys collected
promptly remitted.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
THE
m\^. |ielti| mil fjefiiiing jo,
* * r
OMAHA, NEB.
Office, 195 Farnham St., cor. 12th, up stairs.
Works, Foot of Capital Avenue,
C. H. DOWNS, President.
C. B. RUSTIC, Secretary.
LEOPOLD BALBACH, Superintendent.
V. W. MEAD, Vice-President.
W. W. LOWE, TrenisurcT.
C. BALBACH, Assistant Siii>t'rlntond»-nt.
C. H. DOWNS.
A. L. KING.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS:
('. w. mf:ad
w. \v. r.dWK
\VM. II. riKiu
We invite the attention of miners and all interested in ">•<•« "V^^''"■''T^Iun!L".-h Vor'lLM'Ti^
our works are now in full operation, under the personal nmnagenient of Leo|H>ld ItaU«cli. for m»oj jmn
connected witli similar works at Newark, N. .1. .-..ui.! ,„.i,,f „r ii,„ r p R. R-
Situated at Omaha, on the banks of the Missouri "^?r/°'V} ,ho 1^ flc 1 l« fo^^U^^^^
with easy access to the best lead markets, our works will afford the best fucilltlo. lor o^o-uxog mm,
working argentiferous and auriferous lead ores. r„, ,„.i,i„„ „n.l .nnarmtlnff or»« u>4
We have introduced the most reliable and improved processes f""^';'''^""'' •;^™/;",« "'^'.^
guarantee quick and reliable returns based upon careful and accurate fire ««•>. Our cM>«clty .»«
that we can treat ores and base bullion in large quantities. „f , i,
We will pay cash for ores or bullion in all cases where owners pnl. r ii.
Correspondence solicited.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
CI3:iO-A.C3-0
s r r s
old {^ ^ilw ^uark;!^c(lurin0 [^ %^pmi\\\^
The -works of tills company are located, at
Cor. 42d and Clark Streets,
Gold and silver ores will be either purchased at fair
and remunerative prices or worked as custom ores, at rea-
sonable rates, by the desulphurizing and smelting processes.
"Rough bullion" will be either purchased or sepa-
rated at fair prices.
I»ost Oflice Box 60.5.
T. F. DAVENPORT, Sec'y. AMOS T. HALL, Pres't.
JOHN BALDWIN, Jr., Treasurer.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
McGOY HOUSE.
J, C. lilicCOY. - - Proprietor.
This House is entirely new, the largest in the mountains, and is finished
and furnished throughout in
Guests will be sure of receiving every comfort and attention, as the
building is commodious and the proprietor courteous and experienced.
TAOS STREET,
GEORGETOWN, - - COLORADO.
Wm. BARTON, Proprietor.
GEORGETOWN, COL.
This well-known and thoroughly first-class Hotel was burned in the
winter of 1870, but is being rapidly rebuilt, much enlarged, and will be
finished and furnished in
and ready for guests this season. It is still owned and will be conducted by
WM. BARTON.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
AVJf. SPRUANCE. J. A, I.OVE.
SPRUANCE & LOVE,
I>EAX,EKS IN
[iffirt^t|®lll/ii jin#WISj|iit^
CLASS AND QUEENSWARE,
Boots, Shoes, Clothing, Notions, Miners' Supphes, Etc.
Alpine Street,
jLji* XIOl 4» J^" jc^ J^ys .jQl Ssy y
Wholesale nnd Retail Dealer in
GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, HARDWARE,
Iron, Steel, Nails, Wines Liquors etc.
CEl^TBAL A:S^n GEORGETOWN, COLORADO.
DEALER IN
Isriwsf©^ fetttriti^ Pr©¥lil#is
Tin-ware, Willow and Wooden Ware, Taints, Oils,
Putty and Glass,
Rose Street, CEORCETCWN, COL.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
Civil and Mining Engineer,
DEPUTY tlVITED STATES
MINERAL SURVEYOR FOR CLEAR CREEK CO.
Office, Taos St., near Barton House,
GEORGETOWN, - - COLORADO.
Bipmg^t ©ffng^S ©s-'mgs
Buy your Drugs, Mill Chemicals, Family and
Patent Medicines, Toilet Articles, Hair
Brushes, Tooth Brushes^ Combs,
Soaps, Pomades, Hair Dressings, School Books,
Stationery, Paints, Oils, Brushes, etc.
LOW, FOR CASH, AT THE
MEW mmWU MTWBE,
C. R. FISH, Prop., Toas ft., GEORGETOWN, COI.
E. G. MARSHALL,
DEALEK IN
And Smoking Articles of all hinds.
FISHING TACKLE, NOTIONS, BOOKS AND STATIONERr,
Rose Street, near the Hotels and Livery Stabks,
GEORGETOWN, - " COLORADO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
-WOOD (£ CRSX:,
SMOKERS' ARTICLES,
^^ %&p. ^
Blank Books, Stationery, Periodicals, £g.
p. 0. BUILDING. GEORGETOWN, COL.
H. G, HARRINGTON,
AXD
CONVEYANCER,
Office at Thornton- s Tobacco and Clf/ar Store,
ns/i:ET:E^oi=^ox_.iTA.iNr
Feed and Sale Stable^
Have on hand the best Saddle Horses and finest Livery " Turn-outs "
in the territory.
nTourists and Tra-velex's ma-ke a Note of* ITIiis.
.A.LPI1VE STREET,
WHEELER & TTILSON Serving Machine Depot, 209 G Street, Denrer, (ol.
GEORGETOWN DIRECTORY.
385
REICHARD & WINNE,
GENERAL INSURANCE AGENTS
DEyVER, COLORADO.
Best companies in the -world represented.
Losses adjusted at our office.
MINING ENGINEER.
Johnson Albert, Taos
NOTARIES PUBLIC.
Darrah Benj. F. Main
Fish C. R.
Harrington H. Alpine
PACKERS.
Durham E. Taos
Forrest J. W. Mack
PHOTOGRAPHERS.
Eggleston Bros. Alpine
PHYSICIANS.
Buchanan G. W.
Pollock
PROBATE JUDGE.
Shephard L. H. Taos
NortliwesternMntiialLifeliisnMceCo.
Home Office, Uilwioiee, Wli.
ASSETS, - . $9,000,000
DR. S. S. WALLIHAy, (ienU A<jt.
DENVER, COLORADO.
PRINTERS.
Butten Chas. Miner Uttice
Coulson John, Miner Office
Randall Chas. Miner Office
REDUCTION WORKS.
Sinclair E. W. Argentine
Stewart J. 0.
SALOONS.
Barnes Thomas
Blumer L. cor. Tenth and Argentine
Fisher M. Main
Garbarino J. Taos
Parpelione James, Argentine
Sanguincti Augustus, Taos
Sumner Leonard, Mary
TINSMITHS.
Nash Henry, Clark
Nash S. Rose
25
^,c(j EOULDER DIRECTORY.
BOULDER,
The principal town and county seat of Boulder county, is beautifully located
near the fuot-hills, in a valley of the North Boulder. Its settlement dates
back to the earliest days of gold discoveries in Colorado, and its growth, in
population and importance, has been steady and uninterrupted.
The peculiar advantages of Boulder county have been fully noticed else-
where, and but little need be said here of the city, except that it represents
the principal wealth, and is the head-quarters of the chief mining, manufac-
turing and mercantile industries of the county. Its remarkably beautiful
site and surroundings, together with the superior manufacturing advantages
arising from the excellent water-powers aiforded by Boulder creek, and the
great mineral and agricultural wealth of the county, will eventually make
Boulder's population equal that of the principal cities of Colorado, and place
it beyond rivalship in wealth and importance. The completion of the Boul-
der Valley railroad, which will take place during the coming summer, will
give her railroad communication and a fresh impetus to all industries. The
proximity of the greatest coal mines in the Territory is among the important
advantages of this city. This alone would insure large population and
wealth, and taken in connection with the fact, that Boulder county possesses
one of the richcvSt silver mining districts in Colorado, besides large deposits
of gold ores, all in the neighborhood of the city, and readily accessible,
makes a combination of advantages possessed by few locations even in this
favored country.
No place. East or West, is more orderly or freer from outlawry of any
description than this beautiful valley city, and nowhere do moral and relig-
ious observances receive stricter attention. Prompt encouragement and
support are given also to educational matters, and, altogether, any citizen
can take up his abode in Boulder City, feeling perfectly assured that he may
enjoy all reasonable educational and religious privileges.
One of the important institutions of Colorado is the Boulder County
Agricultural Society, whose grounds are located near the city. This, how-
ever, receives appopriate notice elsewhere.
The elevation of the city above sea-level is 5,536 feet. Its location is
in the eastern-central portion of the county, really on the plains, but near
the mountains, and more readily accessible from these than any other city
of the plains. Of course the climate is healthful; this is general in Colorado.
BOULDER DIRECTORY.
ob I
BOULDER DIRECTORY.
\ LBRIGHT , bds. Sullivan's
Allen G. S. Rev. r. cor. Twelfth and Water
Altmenk J. r. cor. Eleventh and Pearl
Anderson A. (Russell & Anderson), bds.
H. M. Russell
Anderson J. carpenter, bds. Boulder
Anderson Jonas, prop, planing mill, r.
W. Front
Anderson U.prop. planing mill, bds. Miss
Johnston
Andrews Bertha Miss, works Colorado
House
Andrews G. A. (Andrews & Harris), r.
Pearl, bet. Eleventh and Twelfth
Andrews & Harris, merchants, cor.
Eleventh and Pearl
Arnott Anthony, saloon and billiards.
Pearl, bet. Eleventh and Twelfth
Austin J. stockholder, r. cor. Twelfth
and Spruce
BAKER E. miner, bds. Colorado
House
Ballanger William, farmer, r. Pearl, bet.
Thirteenth and Fourteenth
Barker E. K. mason, r. Front, bet. Thir-
teenth and Fourteenth
Barker H. J. mason, r. Front, bet. Thir-
teenth and Fourteenth
Barker J. H. brickmaker, bds. Boulder
House
Barker Marcia, works Colorado House
Beach E. W. watchmaker and jeweler,
Pearl, bet. Twelfth and Thirteenth
Bennett Emma, works Colorado House
Bills C. builder, bds. Boulder House
Bills Wm. miner, bds. Boulder House
Birney A. saddler, bds. Boulder House
Bixby Amos, crushing mill, bds. Boulder
1^ House
[ Bixby H. crushing mill, r. cor. Twelfth
and Hill
Bixby Sarah, bds. H. Bixby
Borsh Henry, lab. bds. Boulder House
Bosworth H. W. Rev. r. cor. E and Pearl
Boulder House, Pearl, bet. Twelfth and
Thirteenth
Breath J. judge probate court, r. W.
Spruce
Brierly John, toamstpr, r. W. Pearl
Brierly AVilliam, teanisicr, r. W. rim-
Brookfield H. H. merchant, r. K. From
Brown Wm. P. clerk, BoulJcr Ilou-c
Burney H. saddler, bds. Bouldur IIou>r
Butler L. plasterer, bds. Colorado Hou»e
CiADY AVILLIAM, l:il.orer, l.a.«. Colo-
J rudo House
Campbell 1). teamster, with .'^. HaruiOD
Canfield Charles A. miner, bils. IJouldcr
House
Carson Wni. II. stock raiser, r. E. Front
Chamberlain Williiini S. hiliort-r, Mf.
Boulder House
Chase George F. farmer, r. cor. TwcUih
and Hill
Clousfu C. teamster, r. W. From
Clouseu J. baker, bds. \V. G. Cook
Clustar J. H. freighter, r. K. Pine
Cocaman M. laborer, with J. M. SulIiTun
Colby 0. K. clerk, hd;*. F. II. .Squires
Colorado House, Pearl, l>et. Twflfth and
Thirteenth
ConncU 11. Miss, teacher, bds. J. Breuih
took W. G. brewer, r. Peurl, l-ti.
Twelfth and Thirteenth
Copelaud .1. jirop. sawmill, r. E. Kmnt
Coulsen Charles .M. shoemaker, Mr-. W .
\\. Conlsen
Coulsen \\ . ^V. recorder, r. cor. Seti-n-
teenth and Water
Crosby II. \>. miner, bds. Colorado llous*
Crow R. teamster, bds. R. Goin
Culver K. tcHiusler, r. K. Kron'
D\r>NKV C. justice of [ rm-r, r
Davis Geo. cabinetmaker, r. Tluriefnih
Debray H. laborer, h<h. II. II Brookfield
Dickersou P. coal dealer, r. Pearl
Dickerson S. r. Pearl
Doefkor J. H. attorney at Inw, nfficc,
court house
Doerty S. Kcd Rock Mill. r. W. Pearl
388
BOULDER DIRECTORY.
GEO. E. CRATEE.
CHAS. D. conn.
CRATER & COBB,
ISSaEMCE AID 6ENERAL AGENTS
Notaries Public and Conveyaucers,
Holladay Street, opp. Mint,
Dwiglit J. L. carpenter, bds. Colorado
House
Dwight W. S. carpenter, bds. Colorado
House
EDWARDS JOHN, clerk, bds. Boulder
House
Edwards.!. B. barber, bds. Boulder House
FARMINGTON W. B. miner, bds.
Colorado House
l-'itzgcrald , teamster, bds. Colorado
House
Fisher M. laborer, bds. Miss Johnson
Fleck Mary Miss, works Boulder House
Fletcher L. laborer, bds. Colorado House
Flyn D. J. carpenter, bds. Bouldtr House
Ford J. B. painter, r. E. Front
Fowler Wm. carpenter
GARLAND WILLIAM S. laborer, bds.
Colorado House
(Jates H. laborer, works Colorado House
(iilbert H. E. Miss, bds. Russell
Uilson J. bds. C. Clousen
Gleason P. mason, bds. Boulder House
(loin R. freight transfer, r. E. Pearl
(TrOodail G. W. furniture dealer, r. W.
Front
Gowana Catherine, nurse, r. E. Front
Graham H. bds. A. Arnott
Graham Thomas, representative, bds.
Colorado House
Green Henry, agricultural warehouse,
cor. Twelfth and Pearl
Gray F. mason, bds. J. H. Clustar
Groesbeck J. B. physician, r. W. Spruce
HARDIN D. teamster, bds. Colorado
House
Harmon M. S. farmer, r. E. Spruce
Harris M. (Andrews & Harris), bds. G.
H. Andrews
Henry 0. E. contractor, bds. 0. H. Henry
Henry 0. H. contractor, r. E. Front
Hews Chas. bds. Carson
Hewes J. M. stock dealer, bds. Colorado
House
Howell Wm. sheriff, r. Pearl, bet. Thir-
teenth and Fourteenth
JOHNSTON ANNA MISS, with A.
p) Arnott
Johnston H. Miss, prop, boarding house,
W. Front
Johnston D. bds. Miss Johnston
Johnston F. bds. Miss Johnston
Johnson Wm. wagonmaker, r. E. Pine
Jones D. E. mason, bds. Boulder House
KELLEY THOMAS C. harnessmaker,
Pearl, bet. Eleventh and Twelfth
LAPELL J, teamster, bds. Colorado
House
Lash Henry, laborer, bds. M. Doty
Learned E. B. clerk, bds. S. P. Thomas
Lonsiglont Catherine, widow, bds. C.
Clousen
MACKEY H. J. broker, r. cor. Pearl
and Twelfth
Mariarty John, cook, Boulder House
Marquette F. laborer, bds. Colorado
House
Maxwell J. H. prop, sawmill, r. W. Pearl
Maxwell J. H. Mrs. taxidermist
Maxwell J. P. lumberman, r. Pine, bet.
Thirteenth and Fourteenth
Mc>Hrne H. R. harnessmaker, bds. Col-
orado House
Mullen , contractor, bds. Colorado
House
NELSON , teamster, bds. Colo-
rado House
Newburg Sarah, works Boulder House
OLDENBURGH WM. blacksmith, bds.
W. G. Cook
Oleson Ole, miner, bds. Boulder House
Olstad C. r. Pearl, bet. Fourteenth and
Fifteenth
PARKER JAMES, liquor dealer, cor.
Pearl and Twelfth
Parsons H. carpenter, bds. Geo. Chase
Pell Wm. stock dealer, bds. Colorado
House
Pendleton H. D. carpenter
Plato H A. Miss, clerk, bds. Mrs.
Tourtelotte
Pomroy F. stock dealer, E. Pine
Pomroy J. N. lumber dealer, r. cor.
Twelfth and Spruce
Pound E. prop. Colorado House
Pound Wm. supt. Boulder Creek Pike,
bds. Wm. Powell
RINIKER WM. dealer in boots and
shoes. Pearl, bet. Eleventh and
Twelfth
Robison D. A. deputy sheriff, r. Pine,
bet. Twelfth and Thirteenth
s; Wiyft MACHIXE THREAD, SILK and OIL, at 209 G St., Denver, CoL
BOULDER DIRECTORY. 3g{)
LiTerpool, ail Loioi ai die
IXSURANCE CO.
ASSETS, OVER - $18,000,000
REICHARD &. WINNE,
Agents for Colorado, DENVER.
Russell M. (Russell & Anderson), r.
Twelfth, b.et. Pearl and Front
Russell D. Miss, bds. M. Russell
Russell & Anderson (M. Russell and
A. Anderson), props, livery and sale
stable, cor. Twelfth and Front
SAFELY H. F. notary public, r. Pearl,
bet. Eleventh and Twelfth
Schneider H. C. teamster, r. E. Front
Schneider Lewis, works Boulder House
Schall William H. school teacher, bds.
AVaggoner
Scott T. carpenter, bds. Colorado House
Scouten & Cort, publishers Boulder
Weekly Keu-s
Scouten D. G. editor Boulder Weekly
News, r. Pearl, bet. Tenth and Eleventh
Seger H. H. farmer, bds. Culver
Segle F. laborer, bds. Colorado House
Sherman H. works Boulder House
Sisson A. L. Mrs. widow, bds. 0. H. Henry
Sissoa Geo. laborer, bds. Colorado House
Sisson H. laborer, works Colorado House
Smith J. butcher, bds. Arnott
Smith M. G. gardener, r. E. Boulder
Smith Wm. mail contractor, r. Spruce,
bet. Twelfth and Thirteenth
Smith Wm. carpenter, bds. Fowler
Solander D. builder, r. Pearl, bet.
Eleventh and Twelfth
Solander M. Mrs. physician, r. Pearl,
bet. Eleventh and Twelfth
Sommers W. butcUer, Pearl, bet. Twelfth
and Thirteenth
Soule A. G. clerk, bds. Boulder House
Squires F. H. merchant, r. W. Spruce
Squires George C. prop, livery stable,
Pearl, bet. Eleventh and Twelfth
Stewart H. R. merchant, Pearl, bet.
Twelfth and Thirteenth
Star Charles, blacksmith, with Williams
Strong F. B. grocer, Pearl, bet. Twelfth
and Thirteenth
Strong F. B. Mrs. milliner, Pearl, bet.
Twelfth and Thirteenth
Sullivan J. W. carpenter, r. W. Spruce
ERRELL N. J. clerk, bds. A. Arnott
T
XORTHWESTEUX
Mutual Life Insurauce Co.
OF MILWAlKEE, WIH.
MEMBERSHIP, - OVER 35.000
CE. S. S. WALLIHAN. Gen'l Ap., Ic^tc:.
Tibbetts C. Mrs. wid.iw, r. Pearl, bet.
Thirteenth aud Fourteenth
Thomas C. teamster, r. Golden City
Thomas J. clerk, r. Pearl, bet. Four-
teenth and Fifteenth
Thomas S. P. druggist, r. Pearl, bet.
Twelfth and Thirteenth
Thompson H. L. photographer, cor.
Spruce and Twelfth
Thompson J. M. dealer in stoTes and tin-
ware. Pearl, bet. Twelfth and Thir-
teenth
Thompson L. photographer, r. cor. Spruce
and Twelfth
Thompson Nathan, pastor, r. cor. Twelfth
and Hill
Tourtelotte Geo. H. r. Spruce, bet. Twelfth
and Thirteenth
Tourtelotte G. II. Mrs. milliner, Spruce,
bet. Twelfth and Thirteenth
Towner H. r. E. Pine
VAN C. N. merchant, r. Pearl, bcl.
Twelfth and Thirteenth
Velie E. student, bds. W. Smith
Viele E. J. mail carrier, bds. W. Smith
"VTTALKER J. laborer, with Culver
Welloms G. W. lather, bda. Boulder
House
Westlake W. B. barber, Pearl, bet.
Twelfth and Thirteenth
Whitcome L. mason, bds. W. G. Cook
White C. with Austin
Wickham B. F. plasterer, bds. Colorado
House
>Yillianis B. M. blacksmith. Twelfth.
bet. Pearl and Spruce
Wise 0. E. blacksmith, with I'.. M. Wil-
liams
Wood C. L. prop, blacksmith and wagon
shop, bds. W. G. Cook
Woodward R. J. county treasurer, bd-.
Boulder House
Wri^hl JI. attorney at law, r. I c«rl
Wriglit H. postmaster. I'carl. bcl.
Twelfth and Thirteenth
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
»#UE«»MM H#UBB
G. C. SQUIRES, Proprietor,
BOULDEB CITY, - - CO LOB ABO,
Livery and Sale Stables conncctod with the House.
COLORADO HOUSE
E. POUND, Propr.
Boulder City, Colorado.
Accommodations flrst-class, and every
attention shown fjuests.
Mb^ MQOk MMlM
FIBST OlALITT FLOCK,
Cannot be excelled in Colorado.
*S* Especial attention given to cnstoni
grinding.
S. IDOTJTY,
Boulder City, Col.
F. A. SQUIRES,
Dealer in
»BW ©#©»&
Groceries, Clothing, Boots and
Siioes, and Hardware,
Cor. IStli &. r»cDrl Streets,
BOULDER CITY, COL.
A. J. MACKEY,
BROKER,
Boulder City, Colorado.
Collections made and promptly
remitted.
WILHELM SOMMERS,
MM
The best meats and fresh fruits always
on hand.
F*earl Street,
BOULDER CITY, COLORADO.
W. B. WESTLAKE,
DEALER IN
AND
ALSO, BA-RBER SHOI».
BOULDEK CITY, COL.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
CHAIU ^ HcCAHTlTEY,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
t r f t r f r T T
FEUERSTEIN'S BUILDING,
Cor. G and Larimer Streets,
tmwmm^ m ©©iiob a imk
DEALERS IN
Musical Instruments, Sheet Music, Chromes, Picture
Mouldings, Oval, Square and Rustic Frames,
Artists Materials, and materials for
making Wax Flowers.
Albums, Stereoscopes, Passe Partoiit, rocket Bo^^ks
AND
WAMG^ GOODS.
<®- Orders for School or Miscellaneous Books, of any kind. tllUd at publUlicm-
retail price.
temember the place,
Feuerstein's Building, cor. G and Larimer Sts.,
DENVER,
COLORADO.
390
GREELEY DIRECTORY.
GREELEY,
The head-quarters of Union Colony, receives due notice in our description
of the colony. It is one of the most prosperous towns in Colorado, and its
growth in wealth and population is unprecedented.
The inhabitants being mostly Eastern men, have brought with them all
their ideas and habits of thrift, industry and economy, and these, with the
remarkable wealth of the country, must create a most prosperous condition
of affairs and insure a brilliant future to this new city of the plains.
GREELEY DIRECTORY.
ABBOTT S. A, r. cor. Sherman and
Maple
Abbott J. C. prop, meat market, Main,
r. same
Abbott E. H. agt. D. P. Ry. and express
agt.
Annis E. B. r. Pine
Atkinson S. farmer, r. Main
Avery F. surveyor, r. Pine
Alphonse E. C r. Olive
BABCOCK P.M. lawyer, oflBce,
Main
Barclay G. W. physician, r. Spruce
Bates A. C. clerk, r. Pine
Bassett B. r. Monroe
Tiarnes C. F. clerk, r. Monroe
Baker A. S. milkman, r. foot of Pine
Baker L. C. printer, r. Pine
Bardill D. physician, r. Main
Barker S. stock dealer, r. Pine
Baxter A. clergyman
Baxter M. farmer, r. Walnut
Bailey H. H. clerk, Maple
Beswick E. farmer
Benson J. W. hotelkeeper, Monroe
Billings J. E. wagonmaker, r. Walnut
Bingham D. L. carpenter, r. Walnut
Blodgett , mason, r. Madison
Blum R. laborer, r. Main
Boyd A. physician, r. Oak
Boyd R. ranchman
Boyd D. prof, of languages, r. Chestnut
Bocttchcr IF. hardware merchant, Main
Botcher L. B.
Brush D. sheriff. Weld county, r. Chestnut
Brockway W. H. laborer, r. Main
Brockway C. L. r. Pine
Brandager C. farmer, r. Pine
I5rown J. mason r. Spruce
Bryant F. farmer, r. Linden
Buckingham C. (Emerson, West & Buck-
ingham), banker
Burke 11. contractor, r. Maple
Buckley J. D. surveyor, r. Main
Burrows H. r. Pine
/CAMERON R. A. postmaster, r. Main
Calhoun C. C. carpenter. Maple
Childs F. L. justice of the peace, r. Main
Clark J. M. farmer, r. Oak
Connor D. farmer, r. Sherman
Colton D. gardener, cor. V'ine and Grant
Cooper J. G. editor N. Y. Tribune
Condit L. I. carpenter, r. Pine
D
AY F. G. farmer, r. Linden
Day S. A. farmer, r. Linden
Daily W. C.
Davis C. hotelkeeper, Main
De Lee J. E. ranchman
Dixon H. farmer, r. Pine
Dixon A. r. Pine
Dixon Walter, r. Pine
For reference respecting best Sewing Machine, call at 209 G St., Denver, Col.
GREELEY DIRECTORY.
391
SECUI|ITY INSURANCE CO.
NEW YORK.
ASSETS, OVER - - $2,000,000
REICHARD & WINNE,
Agents for Colorado, DEIVVER.
Dixon William, farmer, r. Pine
Dow A. wagonmaker, Walnut
Drake G. W. mason, cor. Spruce and Grant
Dresser G. F. carpenter, r. Pine
Dunham J. L. carpenter, r. Linden
Dunnigan J. A. carpenter, r. Spruce
Dupee L. blacksmith. Walnut
Dunkan E. L. machinist, r. Linden
Ti^ATON OSCAR, surveyor, r. Main
Eaton B. H. ranchman
Eldredge J. B. nurseryman, Vine
Emerson C. (Emerson, West & Bucking-
ham), banker
Emerson W. farmer, r. Maple
Emerson B. contractor, r. Maple
TTIARWELL J. H. ranchman, r. Scott
Farwell Cyrus D. deputy sheriff, r. Scott
Fancher F. carpenter, cor. Oak and
Washington
Ferris S. R. farmer, cor, Sherman and
Maple
Fezer J. F. clerk, r. Main
Fisk Russell, merchant, Main
Fisk Jerry M. farmer, r. Linden
Fisk Richmond, carpenter, Linden
Fussell C. L. artist, r. Chestnut
French L. F. carpenter
Fuller G. r. Main
Frisbie L.
n\ ARDNER F.
Gifford M. V. B.
Gilchrist A. farmer, r. Walnut
Greeley Flouring Mills, S. S. Kennedy
& Co. props.
Green W. M. farmer, r. Maple
Green A. M. r. Maple
Gurley E. W. teacher, r. cor. Maple and
Sherman
Guiney E. R. clerk. Pine
Gurney Virginia R. teacher, Pine
H
ALL R. L.
Hall N. W. carpenter, r. Pine
Hall E. carpenter, r. Main
Hall R. contractor and builder, Main
Hartley W. D. carpenter, Maple
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE
INSURANCE CO.
m-A PURELY MUTUAL COMPAXY.
Dr. S. S. Wallihan, Gen'l Agt., Denver.
Hanna L. commission merchaiit, r. Jef-
ferson
Harding G. H. carpenter, r. Main
Haukins C. P. carpenter and builder, r.
Pine
Henery J. mason, r. Madison
Henderson M. P. r. Chestnut
Ileaton C. farmer, r. Walnut
Heaton E. farmer, r. Walnut
Hewitt J. F.
Higenbottom J. builder. Maple
Higley J. C. prop, livery stable, r. Pine
Hilton B. W. carpenter, Main
Holmes E. farmer, r. Pine
Holmes N. r. cor. Monroe and Pine
HoUister E. clergyman, r. Walnut
Hotchkiss A. carpenter, r. cor. Maple
and Jackson
Hotchkiss Rufus, saddler, r. cor. Monroe
and Spruce
Huno G.
Hunter S. A. r. Pine
INMAN THOMAS, farmer, r. Chest-
nut
Inman John John, farmer, r. Chestnut
Inman Joseph, farmer, r. Chestnut
Inman James, grocer, r. Chestnut
Ingraham 0. W. farmer, r. Chestnut
JOHNSON J. II. r. Linden
Johnson J. M. artist, r. Main
Jordan S. .
Jones J. H. (Monk & Co.), merchant, Main
jr ARSNER J. H. r. Mnin
Karsner L. B.
Kendall A. carpenter, r. Chestnut
Kellogg II. D. watchmiikiT, r. Main
Keeler D. B. stock grower, r. foot of 0»k
Kennedy S. S. prop. Greeley Flounng
Mills ... , .
Kinison R. L. expressman, r. ^Ulnut
Knight II. W.
Knight S. W. farmer, r. Pine
LANSING M. W. farmer, cor. M»l'l«
and Scott
Law G. physician, r. Pine
Law H. W. carpenter, r. Pine
392
GREELEY DIRECTORY.
Tie Mitil Life taraice Co.
Largest aud best in the world.
ASSETS, S-45,000,000, CA.SH
CRATER & COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
Lagrange B. S. contractor, cor. Sherman
and Uak
Lebar J. W. farmer
Lee H. W. clerk, r. cor. Monroe and Main
McCLELLAN WILLIAM, farmer, r.
Chestnut
McLain Oliver, carpenter, Spruce
McDonald W. surveyor, r. Main
McDermid S. farmer, r. Linden
McMaster A. G. ranchman
McKnight H. farmer. Plumb
McAfee J. farmer
McMurtel C. W.
McKelvie CM. ranchman
McClelland L. R.
May J. H. (Monk & Co.), merchant, r.
Spruce
Martin M. T. farmer
McWorther Alex. r. Olive
Meeker N. C. prea. U. C. and editor
Greeley Tribune, r. Monroe
Milner S. P. mason and constable, r.
Spruce
Monk E. C. merchant, Main
Moore B. farmer
Moore T. C.
Moore W. B.
Morgan J. H. laborer, r. Spruce
Morse J. contractor and builder, r.Linden
Moffat R. W. carpenter
Murray J. expressman, r. Linden
"VTETTLETON C. L. teacher, r. Main
Nettleton N. laborer. Maple
Nettleton E. S. surveyor
Nichols E. T. merchant, r. Chestnut
Norris L. B. printer, r. Oak
Nye E. painter, r. Spruce
/^LDS A. r. Maple
Owens M. farmer, r.^Chestnut
PABOR W. E. real estate agent and
colony sec. r. Maple
Palmer S. A.
Paine J. H. r. Spruce
Patterson J. ranchman
Parker G. E. contractor and builder, r.
Maple
Parker L. M.
Pearson J. S.
Perkins G. W. furniture dealer, Maple
Piuneo B. F. butcher, Monroe
Plumb Ovid, grocer, cor. Monroe an I
Main
Plummer N. T. bookkeeper, r. Walnut
Post W. H. prop, bookstore, r. Maple
Potter S. G.
/^UIGLEY J. H. coal dealer
"OAMSEY A. cotton mnfr. r. Maple
Ranney D. B. stock grower, r. Maple
Reeve R. W. carpenter, r. Main
Rea E. blacksmith, r. Pine
Reed J. S.
Ringer F. S. saddler. Main
Root A. H. hotelkeeper. Maple
Root D. C. cigar merchant, r. Main
Roberts J. H.
Roberts W. J. coal dealer, r. Oak
Roberts J. C
Romillier J. B.
Ruihven A. Mrs. Walnut
SANBORN J. F. agricultural imple-
ments, Madison
Sanborn C. W. lumber merchant. Maple
Scott J. physician, r. Pine
Scott E. J. r. Pine
Schcnck W. H. carpenter, r. Walnut
Seeley J S. carpenter* r. Olive
Shattuck J. C. farmer, r. Oak
Salomon A. Z. merchant. Main
Smith W. H. laborer, Maple
Smith L. D.
Spencer S hatter, r. Maple
Spearing H. S.
Springer L. S. carpenter, r. Main
Stratton W. H. contractor
Stanton D. B.
Stephens R. mason, r. Maple
Strunk W. E. teacher, r. Maple
Swan G. carpenter, r. Walnut
T
ALBOT B. barber, r. Main
Teller L. W. contractor and builder, r.
Pine
Thompson S. K. dentist, r. Madison
Thompson W.F. lumber merchant, r. Main
Thomas C. R. expressman, r. Pine
Thacker H. D. prop, cheese factory
Titcomb J. W. clerk
Titcomb — , professor of music, r. Walni'*
Tuttle H. B. physician and druggist, Ma:n
T^ON GOREN L. jeweler. Walnut
WHEELER & WILSON HKJHEST PREMIUM SE^m'G MACHIXE.
GREELEY DIRECTORY,
398
^^tlantir mit Mnsmmct m.
Assets, over . . _ $600,000
REICHARD &. WINNE, Agents,
DENVER, - - - COLORADO.
XTTASIIBURN
Washburn S. B.
Watson H. r. Jefferson
Wait A. C. farmer, r. Main
Ward H. W. farmer
West H. T. (Emerson, West & Bucking-
ham), banker
Weed W. L. carpenter
Wentworth E. W. mason, r. Jefferson
Whitaker A. laborer
Whipple L. contractor and builder, r.
Walnut
NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Iiicirance Cj.
DR. S. S. WALLIBAK, C.^-n-l A.jt.
DKNVER, COLORADO.
White J. L. architect, r. Linden
Willop James, carpenter, r. Miii.le
Williams W. W.
Wilcox W. W. farmer
Wittian L. P. farmiT
Woodruff AV. B. cantractor and buiMt-r
Woodbury J. C. carpenter, r. Mujde
Wright S. B. carpenter, r. Pine
Wright N. D. r. Olive
Wylie J. W. ranchman
TTOUNG B. C.
A. K. JAniES
TOI^E
FAIR PLAY, COLORADO,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
GROCERIES DRY GOODS, HARDWARE,
Boots and Shoes, &c., &c.
Agent for
I>vxi>oiit 2Pov^"d.er Oo.,
3Xvitixal Life Iiis. C^o.^
Land ^^g-eiit, Ac**.
394
BURLINGTON DIRECTORY.
BURLINGTON,
A delightful little valley town of Colorado, located in Boulder county, on
the main stage road between Denver and Cheyenne. It derives its business
principally from the rich agricultural country which surrounds it, and from
the coal mines in the vicinity.
It3 settlement dates back to the early days of Colorado history (after the
discovery of gold), and though its growth has not been rapid, it has always
been a pleasant, prosperous village, with good society and agreeable sur-
roundings, and its growth has the health and stability peculiar to agricul-
tural towns everywhere, and when colonists, who are invading this region,
fully develop it, Burlington will have its quota of wealth, population and
improvements.
BURLINGTON DIRECTORY.
ALLEN MARY MRS. prop.
House
Allen A. N. farmer
Andrews J. farmer
Allen
"DARCLAY C. clerk, bds. Woodworth
Bailey Alice Misn, student
Baumert D. farmer
Beckwith F. C. merchant
Beckwith E. F. postmaster
Blair J. traveling agt. bds. Burlington
House
Blivins G. carpenter
Blivins A. J. carpenter
Burch R. carpenter and builder
pi LAW SON G. farmer
Clawson , farmer
Coffman D. S. farmer
Coflfman E. J. farmer
Coii'man J. D. farmer
Crawford E. D. blacksmith, bds. Burling-
ton House
DICKENS WILLIAM, stock raiser,
bds. Mrs. Allen
Dwight L. farmer
r^ REENLY F. farmer
HARTLEY W. D. carpentel-, bds
Burlington House
Hutchinson t^arah, student, bds. Bur
lington House
JONES H. carpenter, bds. Burlington
House
Jones J. W. physician
Jones Jas. laborer, bds. Burlington House
TT' INNEY A. farmer
Kinney , farmer
LAMPSON L. MRS. teacher, bds.
Mrs. Dwight
■jlTANNERS H. druggist
McNeal B. laborer, with D. Baumert
IVTEWMAN E. B. blacksmith
Newton R. A. stock raiser, bds. Burling-
ton House
A^Farrar^Co^^Agt^^
BURLINGTON DIRECTORY.
30-3
INSURANCE
Of any kind to place, will cnnserve their
interesta by consulting
REICH Ann * WiyyE, General Agents,
DENVER, COLORADO.
RHOADS GEORGE, blacksmith, bds.
Burlington House
Rhoads J. B. dealer in boots and shoes
s
ECOR W. W. farmer
Shifiler L. blacksmith, bds. Burlington
House
Smith F. farmer
Smith J. M. hotelkeeper
Streeter R. (Streeter & Turrell) prop.
drug and variety store
NORTHWESTERN inJTUAL
C<>>IJ»A> V.
ALL POLtCIES NON-FORFEITINC.
Dr. S. S. MuUihan, (Ifii.ral Aytiit,
n ENTER, - - . COLOR A in >.
Streeter & Turrell (U. Streeter aud J.
W. Turrell), merchants
VAN VALKENBURG
Mrs. Allen
Rev. bds.
w
ARD MRS. widow, bds. F. Smith
Wells J. H. attorney at law, bds. Mrs.
Allen
West C. laborer, works Burlington House
Wood worth H. C. merchant
Wilson L. farmer
Peokia Steel Plow Works,
Established 1843.
Sautt Louis Wauoocus,
Established l^t*;.
ST. LOUIS & PEOEIA PLOW CO.
(Successors to Plant Bros .Pratt A Co^)
MAXUFACTUKEIiS OF
IPEOie^Ij^ STEEL ELO^vVS
And Manufacturers' Agents for Farm Machinery.
PLOW WORKS, PEORIA, ILLINOIS. 1 Wareli's,St.I^ui«< A Kansas ( ifv. M...
Gilbert D. Nourse,
Manager at St. Lonis.
Edward A. rnaiips.
Manager at Eanu* CHy.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DR. A. W. PETERS,
VALMONT,
COLORADO.
Kspecial attontion paid to the treatment of pulmonary diseases and rheumatism.
Bruss eonstantlv on hand.
General Dealers in all kinds of
PRODUCE MERCHANDISE
IJTJ^V^BEi^, ETC., lETC
G. I,. HfX'KWlTlI.
I,, p. KKCKWIT}!.
BURLINGTON HOUSE
J. M. SMITH, Propr.
BIRLINGTON,
COLORADO.
ALSO, MEAT MARKET.
*y" Fresh Meats always on hand.*^*
E. B. NEWMAN,
GENERAL BLACKSffllTHING
Wagiiu ami Carriage Work promptly
executed,
^■l^.J^ SiOJTJX'-JDS OMi'.jra.B TfOXtJ^..
Satigfaction, both in work and prices,
guaranteed.
BURLINGTON, COLORADO.
giTY MQTEIi
Mrs. MARY A. ALLEN, Propr.
BURLINGTON, - COLORADO.
IJest accommodations, and prices mod-
erate.
(3-i"VE ayi::E: .a. ca-LL.
STREETER & TURRELL,
Dfup aod General Gfoceries
Drugs, Medicines, Oils and Fancy Articles.
Prescriptions carefully compounded. .
News Depot — Late publications. Our stock of
groceries is large and choice. Powder and shot.
BVnLINGTOS, COLORADO.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
FIRST CLASS HOTEL
Bills Reduced to Second Class Rates-$2.50 per day.
GO TO THE
ST. NICHOLAS HOTEL
pT'ovirth Sti*eet
(Bot.AVasliingtou anil Franklin Av.)
liiO¥RI
Large house, airy rooms, newly furnished, unequaleil tables, iitid all Ihe appoint-
ments first-rate.
BE DRIVEN TO THE "ST. NICHOLAS."
E. JENNINGS, Proprietor,
396
VALMONT DIRECTORY.
VALMONT,
A thriving village, located at the junction of North and South Boulder
creeks, in Boulder county. Like Burlington, its neighbor town, Valmont
is supported and built up chiefly by its agricultural surroundings, and has
growth and prosperity in ratio with the development of the farming indus-
tries of the region. The location of this village is most favorable in many
respects. The valleys of the Boulders, in which it is situated, are noted for
the richness of their soil, and the streams for the numerous water powers
they aflPord. Coal is also abundant in the neighborhood, and, without ques-
tion, Valmont will eventually add manufacturing enterprises to her perma-
nent industries. Like all Colorado towns, it has delightful surroundings, and
most healthful climate and good orderly citizens.
VALMONT DIRECTORY.
\ KINS J.
Allen , judge probate court
r^LOW D. (Clow & Evans), merchant
Colburn J. merchant
Clow & Evans (D. Clow and A. Evans),
dealers in dry goods
Colburn & Ellingham (J. Colburn and
R. Ellingham), dealers in dry goods
and general produce
TT^LDRED S. H.>iller
Ellingham R. (Colburn & Ellingham),
bds. J. Colburn
Evans A. (Clow & Evans), bds. D. Evans
FARRA M. blacksmith, bds. C. C.
Lawson
piRAHAM AV G. miller
H
AYS S. M. blacksmith
Hopkins William, blacksmith
Honsel P. M. prop, flouring mill
"TONES E. J. prop. Valmont House
LATY WILLIAM, teacher, bds. Mrs.
Lemmex
Lawson C. C. prop, meat market
Lemmex Mary H. widow
Lyon Wm. carpenter
ll/rOAR R. A. farmer
Mosher A. G. with E. F. Parks
TDARKS E. F. blacksmith
Peters A. W. physician
Phillips Wm. 0. miller
■p UTTER C. G. farmer
s
AMPSON J. J. farmer
TRINIDAD DIRECTORY. 397
TRINIDAD.
The town of Trinidad is situated near the base of a spur of the Rocky
Mountains, on the old emigrant route from the States to Sauta Fe. and a
few miles from Raton peak — a well known landmark — which gives its name
to the defile or pass that for many years has been the gate-way fur the
immense traffic of New Mexico, and through which are still carried all gov-
ernment supplies for distribution at the various military posts in that Terri-
tory, and a part of Arizona.
The situation of the town is picturesque, lying as it does on the hanks
of the Purgatoire or Las Animas river, a stream, whose valley of about I'jU
miles in length, embraces some of the most fertile lands in Colorado. The
surrounding hills, covered with the pinon and sabina, relieving somewhat
the hard gray aspect of the bold cliffs beyond, present attractions of a supe-
rior order. Inexhaustible beds of coal underlie the town, and outcrops of
the same are visible in all the neighboring ravines. Copper and iron orea
have been discovered in the vicinity, and a proper development of the min-
eral resources of the mountains contiguous would doubtless insure rich
retuns to the enterprising capitalists, and the adjacent plain to the eastward,
covered with nutritious grasses, affords excellent pasturage for cattle and
sheep, a s.ource of no inconsiderable profit to persons engaged in the stock
business. The geographical position of Trinidad gives it a prominence that
must sooner or later make it the commercial centre of a large di.-^trict. The
town, with a population of 1,000, with its forty stores and shops, with its num-
berless and slow-jogging freight wagons, with its daily and tri-wcckly mail
coaches, and the rapidly increasing travel, already attracts attention abroad,
and gives promise of a prosperous future. It may safely be said that the nix
or eight persons who, at the commencement of the last decade, erected a
cluster of log shanties where the present town site is, had no idea of the real
significance of their feeble invasion of the wilderness.
In the spring of 1860, Riley V. Dunton, William Frazicr, I'. P. Curtis
and the Archibald brothers built cabins and located farms in the valley
opposite Trinidad. Charlefou, an old French Canadian and llocky .^IouDtalD
trapper, had settled the year previous at the mouth of Cray's crock, alx.ut
four miles below town, where he caused to be erected the first pormanont
dwelling in what is now known as Las Animas county. At that time hi»
neighbors where the late B. R. Boyce, on the Upper Iluerfino. and C h.-irlc*
Autubis, Calvin Jones, and a few others, on the Lower Huerfano, the nearest
one being at what Daniel Boone would have called the *' coavenient distance
of fifty miles. _ ,,. ., t t n- «4 r
In 1862, W. R. Walker, C. Raymond, R. ^ igil, J- I- Ahrcs and (..
Gutierrz staked off a number of lots, built cabi^ns, and \»>»-; «^^^7=;^^;v\'';*
nucleus of the now thriving town of Trinidad. The Ph.lbrook brother.
26
39 S TRINIDAD DIRECTORY.
established the first store, which they soon disposed of to Felipe Baca and
William Hohne, who continued the business, and for two years were the
only merchants in the place. J. M. Stoner, J. R. Skelly, W. A. Bransford,
A. W. Archibald and Juan I. Aliers subsequently engaged in mercantile
pursuits, with varied and indifferent success, since they were obliged to
depend chiefly upon travelers and immigrants for patronage. When the war
created a demand for that article, Hohne, who dealt extensively in grain,
filled large contracts, became prosperous, and has since retired to enjoy his
fortune.
The town has since advanced rapidly, and the country about it has also
advanced in many respects. All branches of trade are well represented in
Trinidad. The Messrs. Barraclough, Prowers & Hough, Thatcher Bros. &
Co., K. L. Wooten, Jr., M. Beshoar, physician and surgeon, and J. Davis,
may be cited as the representative business men of the place. The United
States Hotel, the principal and most popular public house in southern Colo-
rado, is a credit to the town. The place supports a weekly newspaper,
recently established, called the Trinidad Enterprise. The first grist-mill,
operated in the town or count}', was built by Jacob Beard, in the summer of
18G5; two others have since been completed, and are now running success-
fully. There are also two saw-mill.s in the vicinity.
In October, 18G6, the citizens of Trinidud and Las Animas county, suf-
ferred all manner of indignities at the hands of the Ute Indians, under the
leadership of the notorious chief, Ka-ni-ha-che. These pestiferous nomads,
troublesome alike in peace or war, had hatched up some imaginary griev-
ances, and ibrthwith betook themselves to the war-path. Many exposed and
helpless settlers were pounced upon and murdered, their homes despoiled,
and their cattle and horses driven away. So little resistance was offered that
the savages became more and more violent, practicing their depredations with
impunity, and threatening to depopulate the entire region. Finally, a troop
of cavalry, from Fort Stevens, under command of Col. Alexander, came to
the rescue. The cavalry oflicers and several of the chiefs met in conference,
and the latter positively declined to either make known their grievances or to
desist from their outrages. Failing in all reasonable endeavors to pacify
the blood-thirsty thieves. Col. Alexander abandoned Quaker arguments and
appealed to the sabres and Sharpe's carbines of his men. He gave the band
a terrible thrashing, killing many braves, and driving the balance out of the
country. In their return, true to their instincts, they murdered and pillaged
indiscriminately, but from that day the settlements in southern Colorado have
been secure from the depredations of marauding red-skins.
We take pleasure in acknowledging our obligations to Judge George S.
Simpson, one of the earliest settlers in southern Colorado, who has kindly
furnished us the above history.
TRINIDAD DIRECTORY.
399
TRINIDAD DIRECTORY.
ADAMS JOHN, printer, r. Cedar,
bet. A and B
Adamson Wm. J. prop. Trinidad Flour
Mill
Albtis V. brewer, cor. Main and Com-
mercial
Aides Mariano, laborer, r cor. C and
Cedar
Alires M. C. Mrs. laundress, r. C, bet.
Main and Convent.
Almanza Julio, laborer, r. Front, nr. D
Angel Guadalupe, laborer, r. cor. E and
Convent
Archeletta L. baker, r. cor. B and Cedar
Arcllibald A. W. (Hubbard & Archi-
bald), attorney at law, office, cor. A
and Commercial
Armigo Juan, laborer, bds. Cedar, bet.
D and E
BABCOCK H. S. musician, r. Cedar,
bet. C and D
Baca Felipe, representative Las Animas
county, r. foot of Commercial
Bacon David Rev. bds. United States
Hotel
Baird S. M. (Baird & Boyles), attorney
at law, office. Main, bet. B and C
Baird & Boyles (S. M. Baird and Geo.
Boyles), attorneys at law, office, Main,
bet. B and C
Bareala A. r. cor. C and Convent
Barracloiigh H. A. postmaster and
dealer in general merchandise. Main,
bet. B and C
Be'ard Jacob, prop, sawmill, r. Main,
bet. A and Commercial
Benitez F. dealer in ivory, r. Main, bet.
C and D
Beslioar M. physician and surgeon and
county clerk, office, cor. B and Main
Biagura I. laborer, r. Pine, bet. A and B
Bies Enos, tailor, r cor. C and Cedar
Bielpando D. ranchman, r. cor. A and
Pine
Bieltran D. plasterer, r. Cedar, bet. C
and D
Biernbaum II. & Co. dealers in general
merchandise, Main, bet. B and C
Bishop Thomas, miller, Farrand's mill
Blackwood Thos. (col'd), porter, UuiteJ
States Hotel
Bloom F. a. (Thatcher Bros. & Co.).
dealer in general merchandise, cor.
Main and Commercial
Booth E. L. deputy sheriff, r. Main, bet.
Second and Third
Boyles George (Baird & Boyles), attor-
ney at law, otlice. Main, bet. IJ and C
Bright E. I), county surveyor, office and
r. Main, bet. A and Conmiercial
Briggs A. L. teamster, r. cor. Convent
and Commercial
Briggs Ambrose, printer, EnlrrprufoBico
Brown Jolui, laborer, rooms cor. C and
Mnin
Brown W. C. saddler, r. cor. Cedar an 1
Commercial
Brown Webster, engineer, r. Front, nr.
Conunercial
Bueno Marie L. Jliss, dressmaker, r. cor.
B and Cedar
Burr Jolin, laborer, bds. Ralone Hkukp
Burgoyne Pauline Miss, seamsiress, r.
F, bet. Main and Cedar
CAMERON ROBERT, blacksmith, r.
cor. A anil Cedar
Carrion Jesus, tailor, r. fool of Main
Cassaw A. raneiinian, r. Pine, t'i«t. D
and E
Cerve Jose, laborer, r. Ccdur. bet I> nnd V,
Chambers J. l>. painter, .Main. bei. KitkI
and Second
Chaplin A. printer, Entfrpritt office
Chaplin B. F. deputy county clerk.
office, cor. 1! and .Main
Chavis F. farmer, r. foot of ConTenl
Chavis G. artist, r. Pine, bet A and B
Chick A. (col'd), laborer, r. C, bci. M«in
and Cedar
Chovl.m M. L. r. Front, nr. A
CIuHTli of the Holy Triuily (Ctiholic).
Rev. P. ^. Munnecom, pastor, Main,
bet. A and B
400
TRINIDAD DIRECTORY.
THE >ETNA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY
4*- Assets, nearly six million dollars.=5Ja
Losses paid, S27,0(iO,COO in 51 years.
NEEDS NO COMMENDATION.
t'KATKK & Coiiii, Agents, HoUaday Street,
0/1/). Mint, Denver, Col.
Cordova C. widow, r. head of Main
Cornell J. B. carpenter, r. foot of Com-
mercial
County Jail, Cedar, bet. First and
Second
Craiger L. M. carpenter, r. cor. A and
Cedar
Crogan C. Mrs. domestic, with W. G.
Rifenberg, United States Hotel
DAYIS JOSEPH, dealer in general
merchandise, cor. A and Main, bds.
Slierman House
Davis & SlMTliian, dealers in general
merchandise, cor. A and Main
De la Riva C. barber, r. Cedar, bet. D
and E
Dewey Charles, mechanic, bds. Sherman
House
Demas M. widow, laundress, r. Commer-
cial, bet. Convent and Main
Demic Joseph, farmer, bds. United States
Hotel
Dien M. silversmith, cor. F and Cedar
Diamond D. (col'd), r. D, bet. Main and
Cedar
Dillett Jose G. mechanic, r. Main, bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Dominguez F. carpenter, r. foot of Com-
mercial
Donahue J. wagonmaker, Commercial,
bet. Convent and Front
Dupont E. clerk, with Prowers & Hough,
bds. United States Hotel
Duran A. laborer, r. foot of A
Dunton Riley V. farmer, r. cor. A and
Cedar
EDWARDS CHARLES, carpenter,
bds. United States Hotel
Ellwood Geo. bookkeeper, bds. Sherman
House
Ennis W. S. musician, r. Cedar, bet. C
and D
Escor G. r. Cedar, bet. D and E
Espinoza J. laborer, r. foot of Main
Espinoza R. teamster, r. Pine nr. C
Estrado T. teamster, r. Cedar, bet. E
and F
FARRAND C. M. prop, flouring mills,
Commercial, below Front
Fisher George, farmer, r. head of Main
Fisher J. B. r. Main, bet, D and E
Fisher W. R. dealer in general merchan-
dise, cor. Main and Commercial
Fleashito Joseph, laborer, bds. cor. Main
and Commercial
Fleming John, stock dealer, bds. United
States Hotel
Foulke E. carpenter, bds. Sherman House
Freeman F, carpenter, bds. Sherman
House
GALLEGO RITA, widow, cor. Con-
vent and Commercial
Garcia A. r. Main, bet. C and D
Garcia Jesus, laborer, bds. Main, bet, E
and F
Garcia I. laborer, r.cor. Cedar and Com-
mercial
Garcia G. farmer, with Felipe Baca, foot
of Commercial
Garcia J, A. laborer, r. Cedar, bet. E
and F
Garcia S. laborer, r. Pine, bet. C and D
Geis A. architect and builder, r. foot of
Commercial
Geis V, carpenter, r. foot of Commercial
Geurcz Demitro, plasterer, r. foot of A
Gonzalez B. laborer, r. head of Main
Gonzalez M. A. widow, r. cor. A and Pine
Gourak'Z A. r. Cedar, bet. C and D
Grassmock Frank, bricklayer, bds. Main,
bet. C and D
Gutierez Alex, farmer, r. head of Main
Gutierez D. laborer, r. Cedar, bet. D and E
Gutierez M. r. head of Main
Oliyot lYaiicis, assistant pastor Church
of the Holy Trinity, r. Main, bet, E
and F
HAGAR HENRY, gardener, bds.
United States Hotel
Hall A. M. drover, bds. United States
Hotel
Holt A. M. prop, livery' stable, bds.
Sherman House
Harlow , drover, bds. United States
Hotel
Hart Ed. bds. United States Hotel
Hart wick J. saloonkeeper, r. Cedar, bet.
D and E •
Harlan E. carpenter, r. A, nr. Front
Hatch A. butcher. Commercial, bet. Con-
vent and Front
Hatch T. P dealer in hardware, tinware,
etc. Main, bet. Commercial and First,
r. Main, bet. A and B
Hayes S. D. butcher. Main, bet, B and C
Hernandez S. brickmolder, r. C, bet.
Cedar and Pine
Herrera B. silversmith, r. Commercial,
bet. Convent and Main
OVER 500,000 IVHEELrR&miSON SET^TyG MACHINES in Daily IV.
TRINIDAD DIRECTORY.
401
LorillarflFiretaranceCompaiiy
NEW YORK.
A.SSETS, - - Sl,TOO,000
EEICHARD Si WINNE, Agents,
DENVER, - - - COLORADO.
Hoiig-h J. S. (Prowers & Hough), dealer
in general merchandise, Main, bet.
A and Commercial
Hough Silas, stock dealer, r. Main, bet.
A and Commercial
Hubbard & Archibald, attorneys at
law, office, Main, bet. A and Com-
mercial
Hubbard E. J. attorney at law, office
and r. Main, bet. A and Commercial
JACKSON A. (col'd), cook, Sherman
House
Jackson Frank, saloonkeeper, Main, bet.
C and D
Jaflfa H. N. (Biernbaum & Co.), dealer
in general merchandise. Main, bet.
B and C
Jaramillo N. rooms cor. A and Pine
Johnson A. (col'd), laborer, Sherman
House
KELCHER MICHAEL, shoemaker,
cor. Convent and Commercial
Kelly Michael, laborer, bds. Main, bet.
C and D
Kelley P. painter, bds. Sherman House
Kinnear J. D. r. Cedar, bet. D and E
Kler Peter, brewer and cooper, r. foot
of Commercial
Kreger Louis, carpenter, r. cor. A and
Cedar
LAS ANIMAS ACADEMY, cor. First
and Pine, Rev. E. J. Rice, A. M.
principal
Larragorti Mariano, attorney at law,
office. Commercial, bet. Convent and
Main
Lavate D. laborer, r. Pine, bet. D and E
Leva T. (widow), r. cor. A and Pine
Levy J. clerk, with Maurice Wise
Lopez F. r. Cedar, bet. C and D
Lopez Pedro, miller, Trinidad Flour Mill
Lopez Pomaldo, r. C, bet. Cedar and Pine
Losano J. M. laborer, r. Cedar, bet. D
and E
Losano M. r. Cedar, bet. D and E
Lucero Jose, laborer, r. cor. B and Cedar
Lugan F. A. laborer, bds. head of Main
MACOMBER W. C.
cor. B and Main
cabinetmaker,
Tie Norllwfislen Miitil
LIFE i:rcu:Ai::s :;.
Receipts in 1S70, - - . S;j,<i7(».:J7 o 07
Losses paid einie organizHtioii, 1,7UU,UUU ou
Dr. S. S. Wallihan, Gen'l Agt ,
J3.ESVT^E^i, - a<>T.OJt^±JJtJ.
Madril B. laborer, r. foot of Commercial
Marie A. L. clerk, with W. K. Fisher
Martin E. r. head of Main
Martin J. B. laborer, r. C, below Convent
Martin J. D. farmer, r. head of Main
Martin M D. widow, r. Pine, bei. A and U
Martin Narcisse, laborer, r. C, below
Convent
Martinez Maria R. widow, r. Cedar, W\.
DandE
Massillas J. bds. Main, bet. E and F
May H. carpenter, bds. Sliermun lloiicf
May Ira. carpenter, bds. Slieriijitn Hou-^e
Metliodist Episcopal Ciiiircli, Kev. i:.
J. Rice, pastor, cor. I'ine and Firm
Merrier A. J. merchant, bds. United
States Hotel
Mennet A. bookkeeper, bds. Sherman
House
Mendes G. r. cor. C and Pine
Mestes F. porter, with Thatcher Bros.
&Co.
Mestes M. A. laborer, r. Front, nr. A
Meyer Frank, butcher. Main, bet. It and C
McCleary Troy, millwright, r. Main, bet.
A and B
McCoy Nathan (col'd), barber, .Main,
bet. B and C
McBride George C. trader, r. Main, bet
D and E
McDonald Wm. baker, Main, bet. K and B
McGaillard B. K. farmer, r. cor. Pine
and Second
McKenney T. F. miner, bds. CniieJ
States Hotel
McLane A. constable, r. Cedar, bet. A
and B
Miller G. stock dealer, bds. United States
Hotel „ ,
Miller J. W. bds. United Slates Hot*!
Mitchell E. F. dealer in Piove*. tinwar*.
etc. cor. Commercial and Main
Alontoya M. lahorcr, r. cor. It and frdar
Miiimecom P. J. Kcv. i»-"or Cl'urrh of
the Holy Trinity, r. .Main, bet. h and ¥
NEFFE D. P. laborer, r. Main. b«l.
A and Commercial
Neflfe M. W. blacksmith, r. Comtnercial,
nr. Front . ,
Niles George, engineer, r. Commcrci.v.
nr. Front
402
TRINIDAD DIRECTORY.
tnbntortttrs'
OF NEW YORK.
fQcn^S
Cash Security, Four Million Dollars. Large Lines
Liberal Rates, Fair Adjustments.
CKA-TJEn & COBB, A.gts.,
Ilolladay Street, opp. 3Iint,
DENVER, ... COLORADO.
OCANA JUAN iM. farmer, r. foot of
Couvent
O'Mara Maurice, hlacksmifh. Commer-
cial, bet. Conyent and Front
Oshorne John, blacksmith, Commercial,
bet. Convent and Front
PACHECO A. laborer, r. foot of Con-
vent
Pacheco P. carpenter, r. Cedar, bet. C
and D
Padilla A. laborer, r. Cedar, bet. D and E
Padilla Carlos, musician, bds. cor. Com-
mercial and Convent
Padilla D. r. cor. I and Cedar
Padilla Jose R. laborer, bds. C, below
Convent
Pearce H. L. trader, r. Commercial, nr.
Front
Peris Martinez, laborer, r. cor. A and
Pine
Perkins F. carpenter, bds. Sherman House
Peterson L. M. clerk, with Davis k Bar-
racloiigh
Prowers k Hoiiirll, dealers in general
merchiuidisc. Main, bet. A and Com-
mercial
RAMERAS JUAN, blacksmith, r.
head of Main
Raines A. baker, Main, bet.- A and B
Kecd M. (". surgeon dentist, office, cor.
B and Main
Rel Juster, porter, with Maurice Wise
Reyes Buccanero, laborer, r. Pine, bet.
A and B
Rice E. J. Rev. pastor M. E. church
and princinal Las Animas Academy, r.
cor. Pine and First
Rifenberg C. J. carpenter, r. Main, bet.
C and D
Rifonbera: IV. G. prop. United States
Hotel, cor. Main and First
Rivera J. B. laborer, r. Pine, bet. A and B
Rivera L. laborer, r. Pine, bet. A and B
Robinson O. carpenter, bds. Sherman
House
Roderiguez A. laborer, r. Cedar, bet. C
and D
Roland Abner, butcher. Main, bet.C and D
Romero A. laborer, r. Cedar, bet. D and E
Romero Bias, shoemaker, r C, bet.
Cedar and Pine
Romero Francisco, carpenter, r. cor.
Commercial and Convent
Romero F. porter, with Prowers & Hough
Romero G. laborer, r. cor. C and Cedar
Romero J. L. laborer, r. cor. C and Cedar
Rose John, waiter, United States Hotel
Rotz John S. clerk, with H. Biernbaum
&Co.
Rovila Jesus, laborer, r. cor. C and Cedar
SABTSEDO E. laborer, r. Cedar, bet.
Band C
Salez G. tailor, r. Main, bet. E and F
Salez V. laborer, r. Cedar, bet. C and D
Salizar Jose A. dealer in general mer-
chandise, cor. C and Main
Samora Alta G. laborer, r. cor. C and
Cedar
Samora F. laborer, r. cor. C and Cedar
Samora M. D. widow, r. cor. C ami Cedar
Sanchez Celeste, r. Cedar, bet. C and D
Sanchez E. laborer, r. Cedar, bet. C and D
Sanchez Tlieodosia, silversmith, r. Cedar,
bet. D and E
Sanchez T. silversmith, r. Commercial,
bet. Convent and Main
Sandoval Faustina Mrs. seamstress, cor.
C and Convent
Sandoval Manuelita, widow, r. foot ^lain
Sandoval Juanito, widow, r. foot of A
Scott Peter, clerk, with Prowers & Hough
Serano Marie C. widow, r. cor. A and
Pine
Seguera I. Mrs. seamstress, r. head Main
Segundo Pedro, miller, r. Cedar, bet. D
and E
Sherman House, ISIain, bet. B and C
Sherman Lewis, bds. Sherman House
Sherman P. B. prop. -Sherman House,
Main, bet. B and C
Sielken F. Sherman House, Main, bet.
B and C
Simpson G. S. r. Main, bet. E and F
Simpson Robert, carpenter, r. cor. E and
Main
Skelly John, stock dealer, rooms cor. C
and Main
Smith I. W. carpenter, r. Main, bet. C
and D
Smith Lewis, farmer, r. cor. Convent and
Commercial
Sopris E. B. prop, billiard saloon, cor. C
and Main
Stogdan J. IT. stock dealer, bds. United
States Hotel
Stone John, stone cutter, bds. United
States Hotel
Stowell A. carpenter, cor. Commercial
and Convent
Stowell Jas. carpenter, cor. Commercial
and Convent
AYestern Agts. for ^^lieeler & Wilson Sewing Machines, 209 G St., Douv. r.
TRINIDAD DIRECTORY.
403
REICHARD & WINNE,
TUE LEADIXG
INSURANCE AGENTS
OF COLORADO,
Having returned §10,000 more premiums for 1870
tliaii any other agency in Colorado.
Strange G. C. F. (col'd), cook, Sherman
House
Streeter A. B. clerk, with Thatcher
Bros. & Co.
St. Joseph's Academy, Convent, bet. A
and B, Sister Mary Augustine, su-
perior
St. Stephen P. r. head of Main
Suasso Thomas, prop. Trinidad Flour
Mill, r. Main, bet. E and F
TARANGO T. laborer, r. Cedar, bet,
D and E
Taylor D. L. stock dealer, r. cor. Cedar
and First
Tafoya Marie R. r. Pine, bet. A and B
Tiller Ralph R. shoemaker, cor. Com-
mercial and Convent
Templeton J. E. stock dealer, bds. United
States Hotel
Thatcher Bros. & Co. dealers in general
merchandise, cor. Commercial & Main
Thompson Geo. stock dealer, bds. United
States Hotel
Todd Samuel, r. cor. Oak and First
Trujila Marie A. Mrs. dressmaker, r.
Cedar, bet. D and E
Trinidad Enterprise, J. P- Smith, editor
and prop, office. Commercial, bet.
Front and Convent
Trinidad Flouring Mills, Convent, bet.
E and F
Tyler J. C. carpenter, r. foot of Main
VANDEREZ J. P.
and Cedar
laborer, r. cor. D
NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Co.
Holds a Four Per Cent. Bci>rrTe.
Perpetual CliarUr and PcrpHual .Sicuril;/.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DKNVKll, COL<JK.\Ii().
Valdez A. farmer, r. Commerciul, Lti.
Convent and Main
Valdez L. carpenter, r. foot of A
Valdez L. laborer, r. Cedar, bet.D an.l K
Valdez F. printer, r. Cedar, bet. D miJ K
Valdez Marie A. widow, r. Cedar, Lei. D
andE
Valdez Rafael, blacksmith, cor. C and
Cedar
Varela M. farmer, r. foot of Commercial
Vigil E. laborer, bds. cor. C and Cedar
Vigil M. laborer, r. foot of Commercial
Vigil Pablo, laborer, r. Front, nr. A
Vigil S. bricklayer, r. fool of Commercial
WALSH EDWARD, clerk, wiih
Thatcher Bros. & Co.
Walker W. R. freighter, r. Main, bc(. \
andB
Weber Henry, carpenter, bds. cor. Com-
mercial and Convent
Webster F. laborer, bds. Sherninn House
Webster S. A. carpenter, r. cor. I) and
Cedar
Whiting J. II. barkeeper, bds. Sherman
House
Wilson John, carpenter, bds. Main, bii.
C and D
Wilson J. laborer, bds. Main, bet. A ^ B
Wise Maurice, dealer in general nicr-
chandise, etc. Main, bet. H and ('
Wooten It. L. Jr. dealer in general m.r-
chandise, cor. \ and .Main
Wright W. carpenter, bds. Sherman !l.'i;«>-
Wylie S. H. barkeeper, bd.s. Shcrm^iU
House
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
'11 if If IS Iff Ik
W. G. RIFENBURG, Proprietor,
Corner First and Main Streets,
Good Stable accommodations connected with the Hotel.
TERMS, REASONABLE,
DAVIS & SHERIVIAN,
GEOCERS & DEALERS IN GENERAL MERCHANDISE
Corner of Main and A Streets,
Prowers ^ JJough,
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
GENERALMERCHANDISE
Trinidad, - - Colorado.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, ETC.
Corner of Main and A Sts., TRINIDAD, COL.
S. M. BAIKD. (IKOKiiE BOVLiy.
BAIRD & BOYLES,
Attorneys and Counsellors at Law,
TRINIDAD, - - COLORADO.
H. A. BAREACLOUGH,
DEALER IN
General Merchandise,
DRY GOODS, CLOTHING, GROCERIES, ETC.
Also, all kinds of Grains, Bides, Furs, and Pcllries.
Corner of Main and C Sts.,
TRINIDAD, - - COLO.
404
PUEBLO DIRECTORY.
PUEBLO,
The principal town and county seat of Peublo county, is located in the val-
ley of the Arkansas, near the confluence of that stream with the Fontain
qui Bouille, and is the most flourishing and populous agricultural town in
Colorado. It is surrounded by the best farming and grazing lands in the
Territory, and has already achieved considerable importance as a busine^s
point, and when railways, now in course of construction, connect it with the
great Eastern centres, it will not be surpassed in prosperity by any city in
the Territory. Statements of tlie business of Pueblo, and a detailed descrip-
tion of its improvements appears under Pueblo county.
PUEBLO DIRECTORY.
ABRAMS JOSEPH, clerk, with H.
0. Rettberg
Adams Geo. S. r. cor. Santa Fe av. and
Eighfli
Allen T. G. slieriff, Pueblo county, r.
Eleventh, bet. High and Court
Altuti' Peter, laborer, bds. cor. Main and
Fifth
Anderson A. M. carpenter, bds. Union
House
Arcnuleta J. clerk, with H. O. Rettberg
Armstrong J. N. printer, hd!>. Fourth,
bet. Santa Fe av. and Summit
Ayros D. D. prop. Drovers' House, cor.
Santa Fe av. and Second
B ARTEL GUSTAV (Bartel Bros.),
dealer in general merchandise, Santa
Fe av. bet. Fourth and Filth
BarndoHar Ferd & Co. forwarding and
commission, tiour and grain dealers,
Fifth, bet. Santa Fe av. and Main,
bds. National Hotel
Bach .John, shoemaker, cor. Santa Fe av.
and Sixth
Barnum Lewis, agt. Barlow, Sanderson
& Co.'s stage line, ofBce, Santa ¥e av.
bet. Fourth and Fifth
Bartlett A. furuiture dealer, Santa Fe
av. bet. Fifth and Sixth
Bartlett W. H. bookkeeper, with A.
Bartlett
Baxter O. H. P. prop. Pueblo Flour
Mill, r. Main, bet. Third and Fourth
Beach A. carpenter and builder, Fifth,
bet. Santa Fe av. and Summit
Beard , stone mason, bds. with A.
Carter
Bcnoit James, watchmaker, bds. City
Bakery
Benning Henry, blacksmith and wagon-
maker, cor. Santa. Fe av. and Third,
r. head of Sixth
Bergemann Jacob, printer, r. Sixth, bet.
ilain and High
Bergemann Marks, r. Sixth, bet. Court
and Main
Berry David (J. Berry & Bro.) dealer
in general merchandise, Santa Fe av.
bet. Tliird and Fourth
Berry Julius, dealer in general mer-
chandise, Santa Fe av. bet. Third and
Fourth
Bilby George W. laborer, r. cor. Court
and Sixth
Bishop , brick molder, bds. Mrs.
Marshall
Bitoreand E. laborer, r. Ninth, bet. Santa
Fe av. and Summit
Blake Frank, clerk, with P. R. Thombs
TRY THE THIEEIg^TOgONyo^ SEWlNG^ACIilNE.
400
PUEBLO DIRECTORY.
mfeaflf?' |n?(iF00?f |o.
OP CHICAGO, ILL.
.A.SSETS, - - _ SSOO,000
REICHARD &. WINNE, Agents, Denver, Colo.
Brown J. N. Germunia saloon, cor. Santa
Fe av. and Third
Bradford A. A. delegate to Congress,
ofttce, Santa Fe av. bet. Fourth and
Fifth
Bradford Mark G. receiver, land office,
r. Bradford, bet. Third and Fourth
Bradley , bricklayer, r. cor. Fifth
and Main
Brumley M. carpenter, r. cor. Sixth and
Court
Brazil J. S. laborer, bds. City Bakery
Brady James, hostler, with Joel Roe
Bute George A. clerk, third judicial
district court, bds. Drovers' Hotel
CARLILE JAMES N. (Carlile & Keel-
ing), prop, livery stable, Sixth, bet.
Santa Fe av. and Main
Carlton R. C. real estate agent, office.
Fourth, bet. Santa Fe av. and Summit
Carrillo Jose, laborer, bds. Bridge House
Carpe Fritz, farmer, bds. First, nr. Santa
Fe av.
Carter A. prop, boarding house, Santa
Fe av. bet. Second and Third
Carray , teamster, bds. A. Carter
Cannoa John, bricklayer, bds. A. Carter
Chavy Norris, clerk, with Peabody &
Jordan, bds. Union House
Chapman G. carpenter, bds. Union House
Chapman Wm. H. saloonkeeper, Santa
Fe av. bet. Fourth and Fifth
Chandler Frank, barkeeper, bds. cor.
Ninth and High
Chilcott Geo. M. attorney at law, r. cor.
Santa Fe av. and Sixth
City Bakery, cor. Santa Fe av. and Sixth
Costello Ricardo, shoemaker, Santa Fe
av. bet. Second and Third
Coleman J. stonemason, bds. Union House
Cooper H. H. (Cooper Bros.), dealer in
stoves, tinware, etc. Santa Fe av. bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Cooper E. C. (Cooper Bros.), dealer in
stoves, tinware, etc. Santa Fe av. bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Coburn Charles, cook, Union House
Cort Abner, carpenter, bds. Santa Fe av.
bet. Seventh and and Eighth
Colorado Chieftain, Lambert & Co.
props, office and editorial rooms.
Fourth, bet. Santa Fe av. and Summit
NORTHWESTERN
Mutual Life Insurance Company
Loans at 12 per cent, on Ilriil t;»i.iic
Security.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DK.WKI!, nn.uIt.Uin,
Conley Lewis, carpenter, r. cor. Fmh and
Main
County Jail, cor. Tenth and Court
Cox J. B. carpenter, r. cor. Suuia Fc lt.
and Sixth
Craig P. trader, r. Sixth, bet. Suuta Fe
av. and Main
Curtis A. A. laborer, r. Seventh, bet.
Court and High
Curtis A. G. laborer, r. Severn li, bet.
Court and High
Curtis E. C. laliorer, r. Severn li, bet.
Court and Higli
Curtis Edward, physician and surgeon.
office, Santa Fe av. bet. Seventti and
Eighth
DANIELS R. N. constable, bJs. Union
House
Davis J. W. wheelwright, cor. Santa Fe
av. and Sixth
Davis William, farmer, bds. Union House
Dewees J. W. shoemaker, cor. Santa Fe
av. and Sixth
Dickman Hermann, dairyman, Fir*!, nr.
Santa Fe av.
Doyle James, laborer, bds. City Hakery
Durley William A. barnesHinaker, with
S. C. Gallup
EDWARDS SAMUEL RKV. p.iMor
Episcopal church, r, cor. KlcvcuUi
and Higli
Eichbaum Wm. F. prop, water wagon, r.
cor. Main and Sixth
Epps Chas. (col'd), barber, Mn. Union
House
FOOELSKY CHRISTIAN, prop.rucblo
Brewery, First, bet. ijania Fe ar.
and Summit
Flynn Daniel, carpenter, r. ScTcnlh, bcC
Court and High
Francisco Eurico, laborer, r. First, \<t.
Santa Fe av. and Summit
Fuquay Joseph, laborer, r. Main, l>*l.
Third and Fourth
GALLAWAY DANIEL, bUck.mitb,
Santa Fe av. bet. Fifih nnl .*»iith
Gallup S. C. saddler nnd hnrnp!«-'<!niiker,
Santa Fe av. bet. Third and Fourtii
406
PUEBLO DIRECTORY.
Iisnraice Co. of Horll America
OF PHILADELPHIA.
Oldest Company in the United States. Cash Assets,
nearly Three Million Dollars. Fire Losses paid,
82-l",000,000 in 76 years. Ability for future
service unimpaired.
Crater & Cobb, Agents, Holladay Street, opp. Mint,
::v-v^h:i*, coz^chxj
Gemmill J. T. blacksmith, cor. Santa Fe
av. and Third, r. Sixth, bet. Main and
Court
Qilligan John, shoemaker, Santa Fe av.
bet. Fifth and Sixth
Gilmore A. J. saloonkeeper, Santa Fe
av. bet. First and Second
Givens M. laborer, bds. City Bakery
Goddard John S. (Brown & Goddard),
Gerniania saloon, cor. Santa Fe av. and
Third
Griffin Henry, agt. Barlow, Sanderson &
Co. S. 0. M. and Express, bds. Drovers'
House
HARRIS MARTIN V. B. farmer, r.
High, bet. Tenth and Eleventh
Hart C. J. harnessmaker, r. Santa Fe
av. bet. Eighth and Ninth
Harrison W. H. bds. A. Carter
Harriot F. prop. Washington Brewery,
Santa Fe av. bet. Second and Third
Hallott Mo.scS, chief justice. Territory
of Colomdo, r. cor. Main and Sixth
Hanson T. (col'd), laborer, r. cor. Santa
Fe av. and Seventh
Henkle C. prop. City Bakery, Santa Fe
av. nr. Sixth
Hepburn G. W. judge probate court, bds.
Union House
Herz A. r. cor. Santa Fe av. and Fifth
Hensi Martin, brick molder, r. cor. Main
and Sixth
Hill & Pierce (J. G. Hill and G. M.
Pierce), dealers in stoves, tinware,
etc.
Hichings J. painter, bds. Union House
Hinsdale Geo. A. attorney at law, office.
Fourth, bet. Santa Fe av. and Main
Holmes Chas. bds. Ninth, bet. Santa Fe
av. and Main
Holmes E. C. attorney at law, office,
Santa Fe av. bet. Fifth and Sixth
Howe Horace B. miner, r. Santa Fe av.
bet. Third and Fourth
Hoyt V. B. (Ferd. Barndollar & Co.),
forwarding and commission merchant.
Fifth, bet. Santa Fe av. and Main
Howard D. E. laborer, bds. Union House
Howard G. H. prop. Union House
Hyde W. H. wagonmaker, Third, bet.
Santa Fe av. and Main
INGERSOLL AV, harnessmaker, with
S. C. Gallup
Irwin J. M. carpenter, bds. City Bakery
JACKSON SILAS (col'd) barber, bds.
Union House
Jamison J. W. carpenter, with A. Bartlett
Jenner John, grocer, cor. Santa Fe av.
and Second
Johnson George, teamster, bds. National
Hotel
Johnson J. W. bricklayer, bds. City
Bakery
Johnson Thos. A. mason, bds. City Bakery
Johnson Wm. carpenter, bds. Union House
Jordan J. 0. (Peabody & Jordan),
dealer in dry goods, clothing, gro-
ceries, etc. Santa Fe av. bet. Third
and Fourth
Jordan M. S. clerk, with Peabody &
Jordan, bds. National Hotel
Jones W. N. carpenter, bds. City Bakery
K EALING WELDON, prop, livery
stable, r. Ninth, bet. Santa Fe av.
and Main
Keasey John, hostler, with Carlile &
Kealing
Kelley James, cook, r. Third, nr. Santa
Fe av.
Kelley S. stonemason, bds. Union House
Kennedy R. fruit dealer, Santa Fe av.
bet. Third and Fourth
Kirkbride C. H. carpenter, bds. City
Bakery
Kirkham B. F. carpenter, r. High, bet.
Tenth and Eleventh
Kusko Thos. carpenter, bds. City Bakery
Kretsclimer Charles (Hyde & Kretsch-
mer), blacksmith and wagonmaker,
Third, bet. Santa Fe av. and Main
LAMBERT X. N. & CO. props. Colo-
rado Chieftain, office and editorial
rooms, Fourth, bet, Santa Fe av.
and Summit
ijambkin J. R. saloonkeeper, Santa Fe
av. bet. Fourth and Fifth
Lawrence John, cook. National Hotel
Lewis Martha A. widow, laundress, r.
Sixth, bet. Court and High
Lowther John R. (Ferd. Barndollar &
Co.), commission and forwarding mer-
chant. Fifth, bet. Santa Fe av. and
Main, r. cor. Court and Seventh
Logan T. laborer, bds. Sixth, bet. Santa
Fe av. and Main
Luna Pedro, r. foot of Third
Ludlow , bricklayer, bds. cor. Fifth
and Main
Lyons P. S. stone mason, bds. Union
House
A. Farrar & Co., Agts. T>l:ccln^&WIscnjcw^ 209 G St.. Dcnvor.
PUEBLO DUIECTORY.
407
REPUBLIC INSURANCE CO.
OF CHICAGO, J£I.
Assets, over - - _ $1,300,000
COLORADO BRANCH,
REICHARD & "WINKTE, Managers,
DENVER, COLORADO.
MAYNARD S. printer, r. Sixth, bet.
Santa Fe av. and Summit
Masake Anna Miss, domestic, with II. C.
Thatcher
Macomb W. butcher, cor. Fifth and Santa
Fe av. r. Fifth, bet. Santa Fe av. and
Summit
Marshall M. J. widow, r. Santa Fe av.
bet. Second and Third
Machus J. carpenter, r. cor. Santa Fe
av. and Fifth
Macdonald James (Chillcot, Bradford &
Macdonald), attorney at law, office,
Santa Fe av. bet. Third and Fourth
Macdonald J. A. stock dealer, bds. Na-
tional Hotel
McMurtry Eliza Mrs. (col'd), laundress,
r. head of Sixth
McCarty M. gunsmith, cor. Santa Fe av.
and Second
Methodist Episcopal Church, n. e. cor.
Main and Seventh
Miller J. I), county clerk, r. Fifth, bet.
Santa Fe av and Main
Morarail G. TV. county treasurer, r.
Fifth, bet.. Santa Fe av. and Summit
Monroe G. carpenter, bds. City Bakery
Montgomery John J. painter, r. Santa
Fe av. bet. Second and Third
Moore W. B. prop, livery stable. Sixth,
bet. Santa Fe av. and Main
Murphy J. A. clerk, with J. A. & M. D.
Thatcher, bds. Union House
Murray H. clerk, with Cooper Bros.
Myers J. H. painter, r. foot of Third
NATHAN SIMON, butcher, r. cor.
Sixth and Court
National Hotel, H. C. Withers, prop.
Santa Fe av. bet. Fourth and Fifth
Naumaa A. porter, with Ferd. Barn-
dollar & Co.
Nelson Amear, carpenter, r. foot of Sixth
Nusbaum Philip, stock dealer, r. Fifth,
bet. Santa Fe av. and Summit
Nusbaum Moses, stock dealer, r. cor.
Summit and Fifth
Nusbaum Robert, stock dealer, r. Main,
bet. Third and Fourth
o
RTEZ G. laborer, r. Ninth, bet. Santa
Fe av. and Summit
THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL
Charges NO LXTRA PI'.KMILM ou Li»o.of C«I-
orudo .Miuers.
DR.S.S.WALLIHAN, General Agent,
DENTER, . - . COLOUA liO.
Owen E. S. carpenter, r. Lluvenih, nr.
High
Owen Thos. carpenter, r. cor. Sautu Fe
av. and Summit
PALMER CHAS. druggist, bds. Ciey
Bakery
Percival Lewis, carpenter, r. Eighth, bet.
Santa Fe av. and Sumniit
Peck C. D. & Co. butcliers, cor. Fifth and
Santa Fe av.
Peabody & Jordan, dealers in dry good».
clothing, groceries, etc. Santu Fo av.
bet. Third and Fourth
Peabody C. P. (Peabody k Jordan 1,
dealer in geiieral merchandise, Sunia
Fe av. bet. Third and Fourth
Perry C. L. carpenter, bds. Lewis Conlej
Pierce G. M. (Hill k Pierce), dealer in
stoves, tinware, etc.
Pim Thomas F. r. Fourth, bet. Summit
and Bradford
Post Office, w. 8. Santa Fe av. bet. Third
and Fourth
Price H. K. freighter, r. cor. High and
Seventh
Pulver John, laborer, bds. Union House
Pueblo Flourint,' Mills, Thatcher \ lUx-
ter, props. Main, bet. Fourth uml Fifth
RETTBERG II. 0. dealer in general
merchandise, cor. Santa'Fe a». and
Fourth, r. cor. Bnidlonl itnd Kotirth
Redfield A. clerk, with (i. B. Ski.lmorr.
bds. cor. Summit and Fourth
Reed M. C. surgeon dentist, bds.
Drovers' Hotel
Rice J. dealer in cigars, tobacco, etc.
Santa Fo av. bet. Third nnd Fourili. r.
Santa Fe av. bet. Sixth and Sctmih
Richmond James, cook, bJ;* Ci«y Bakery
Roe Joel, prop. Pueblo Livery Stable,
cor. Santa Fe av. and Second
Robin.«on George, miller, r. Kinh, b«L
Santa Fe av. and .Mniu
Robinson L. I>. peddler, bds. cor. Fourth
and Summit
Ruunells J. bookkeeper, with J. A. * .M.
1) Thatcher, bds. National HoCel
Ruflia \S. Ccol'.n. laborer, r. cor. 8aDU
Fe av. and Seventh
408
PUEBLO DIRECTORY.
CONTIHEmiFIREfflSDEANCECO.
Cash Assets, nearly Three Million Dollars. Poli-
cies on the Participation Plan. Holders share in
the profits withont liability. For particulars and
policies in this sterling company, apply to
CRATER & COBB, Agents,
Holladay Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado,
SCHUETER FREDERIK.V MISS, do-
mestic, with E. G. Allen
Schwed Ed. baker, bds. City Bakery
Scidiiiore G. B. dealer in agricultural
implements, cor. Santa Fe av. and
Fourth
Shepliard Jacob, painter, bds.City Dakery
Sliillowcr ^Vm. tailor, Sixth, bet. Santa
Fe av. and Main
Sisk II. II. laborer, r. cor Main and Fifth
Smith E. M. deputy sheriff, r. cor. Main
and Eleventh
Smith J. F. gardener, r. Santa Fe av.
bet. Eighth and Ninth
Smith J. J. teamster, r. Fourth, bet.
Santa Fe av. and Summit
Smith James E. blacksmith, r. Fourth,
bet. Santa Fe av. and Main
Smith John (col'd), hostler, with David
Berry
Smith S. S. photographer, Santa Fe av.
bet. Third and Fourth
Snyder J. W. O. physician and surgeon
and postmaster, r. Santa Fe av. bet.
Fifth and Sixth
Snvder C. D. telegraph operator, bds. J.
W. O. Snyder
Sot!t!»ern Overland Mail and Express,
cilice, Santa Feav. bet.Thirdand Fourth
St. Pctor's (Episcopal) Churcli, cor.
Santa Fe av. and Seventh
Stiles Henry, laborer, r. cor. High and
Seventh _
Stephenson G. plasterer, bds. City Bakery
Sirchlow A. saloonkeeper, First, bet.
Santa Fe av. and Summit
Stokes J. carpenter, bds. cor. Summit
and Fourth
Studziuski M. butcher, Santa Fe av. bet.
Third and Fourth
Stoiu Charles, saddler, with S. C. Gallup
Stone Wilbur F. attorney at law, office
and r. cor. Santa Fe av. and Sixth
Summerfield A. T. cattle agt. bds. Cnion
House
Swan Thos. laborer, bds. National Hotel
TEEL P. H. barkeeper, with A. J.
Gilmore
Thatcher Bros, bankers, s. w. cor.
Santa Fe av. and Fourth
Thatcher H. C. attorney at law, office
and r. Ninth, bet. Santa Fe av. and
Main
Thatcher J. A. & M. D. dealers in gen-
eral merchandise, s. e. cor. Santa Fe
av and Fourth
Thatcher M. D. (Thatcher Bros.) bds.
National Hotel
Thomas & Henkel, props. City Bakery,
Santa Fe av. nr. Ninth
Thomas C. bds A. Carter
Tiioriias J. J. (Thomas & Henkel), prop.
City Bakery
Thomas Levi, teamster, bds. City Bakery
Tliomhs P. R. physician and surgeon
and diuggist, Santa Fe av. bet. Third
and Fourth
Tittmann J. carpenter, r. cor. Santa Fe
av. and Sixth
Toof Harriet Mrs. r. Sixth, bet. Santa
Fe av. and Summit
UNION HOUSE, Geo. How.ard, prop.
Santa Fe av. bet. Third and Fourth
VALENTINE H. S. telegraph opera-
tor, bds. National Hotel
Veatch E. carpenter, r. Eighth, bet.
Santa Fe av. and Summit
WARD H. F. clerk, land office, bds.
National Hotel
Weiss Henry, prop. Pueblo Brewery,
First, nr. foot of Santa Fe av.
Weiss Louis, clerk, with P. R. Thombs
Weston E. mason, bds. Union HoiiHe
Weston S. A. blacksmith, r. Eleventh,
nr. Main
Wettmore T. C. attorney at law, r. Santa
Fe. av. bet. Second and Third
Wheeler Ezra, register, U. S. land ofiBce,
bds. National Hotel
Whelan T. hostler, with Carlile & King
Willis C. carpenter, bds. City Bakery
Williams Katha Mrs (col'd), laundress,
r. First, nr. Santa Fe av.
Williams Wilson (col'd), blacksmith, cor.
Main and Third
WinekeOtto, carpenter, bds. Union House
Wilcklow Frank, carpenter, bds. Lewis
Conley
Withers H. C. prop. National Hotel
Wortz C. prop. Washington Brewer}',
Santa Fe av. bet. Second and Third
Wright Silas (col'd), barber, cor. Santa
Fe av. and Second
Y
OUNG W. H. prop, toll bridge, r.
First, nr. Santa Fe av.
rUEBLO DIRECTORY.
400
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
ACAUEMIES.
St. Peter's Institute, Conley's Hall
Stroud E. G. Trof. Santa Fe av.
ATTORNEYS.
Bradford, Cliilcott & Macdonald, Bank
bldg.
Hinsdale George A. Fourth
Holmes E. C. Santa Fe av.
Stone AVilbur F. Si-xth and Santa Fe av.
Thatcher Henry C. Santa Fe av.
BANKERS.
Thatcher Brothers, Bank bldg.
BAKERS.
Thomas & Henkel, Santa Fe av.
BEER SALOONS.
Schwer John, Santa Fe av.
Strehlow Aug. Santa Fe av.
BILLIARD HALLS.
Brou-n & Goddard, cor. Santa Fe av.
and Third
Lamkin & Chapman, Santa Fe av.
BLACKSMITHS.
Hyde & Kretschmer, Third
BOOKS AND STATIONERY.
Snyder Dr. J. W. 0. Post Office
BOOTS AND SHOES.
(Manufacturer of.)
Gilligan John, Santa Fe av.
BREWERS.
Weiss Henry & Co. nr. bridge
BUTCHERS.
Peck C. D. & Co. cor. Santa Fe av. & Fifth
CATTLE BROKERS.
Hamilton Brothers, Francisco's ranch
Peck C. D. & Co. cor. Santa Fe and Fifth
CIVIL ENGINEERS.
Braun Theodore F. Santa Ft- ut.
Fosdick H. M. Bunk MJg.
COAL DEALERS.
Barndollar Ferd. & Co. Fifth
Scidmore G. B. Fourth
COMMISSION MERCIL<1NTS.
Barndollar Ferd. .<c Co. Fifth
COUNTY PRINTING.
Chieftain Office, Fourth
DRUG DEALERS.
Thombs Dr. P. K. Santa Ke rv.
Steinberger Dr. A. cor. Fourth anJ Sanl*
Fe av.
FARM MACHINERY.
Scidmore G. B. FKurtii
FLOURING MILL.
Thatchers it Baxter, Main
FURNITURE DEALER.
Bartlett A. Santa Fe av.
GENERAL MERCHANTS.
Bartels Brothcra, Santa Fe av.
Berry J. & Bro. Santa Fe nv.
Pcabody & Jordan, Santa Fe av.
Rettberg H. 0. Santa Fe av.
Thatcher Brothers, cor. Fourth and S»o
ta Fe av.
GROCERS.
Rettberg H. 0. Santa Fe av.
Sayles Thomas W. Santa Fe »t.
Thomas & Henkel, Santa Fc ar.
HARNESS AND SADDLES.
Culhip S. C. Santa Ke nv.
HARDWARE ATH) STOVES.
Cooper Brothers, Sania Fe ar.
Hill & Pierce, Santa Fe »t.
410
rUEBLO DIRECTORY.
11 penile Mt^t Mn^nmnct ^0.
0/ Brooklyn, New York.
Cash Assets, nearly Two Million Dollars,
For Policies in this "time-trieri, fire-tested" ami
well-managed cum pan}', apply to
CBATES & COBB, Agcsts,
IloUaday Street, opposite Mint, Denver, Colorado.
HAIR DRESSER.
Epps Charles, Santa Fe ar.
HOTELS.
Drovers', Santa Fe and Second
National House, Santa Fe av.
Union House Santa Fe av.
INSURANCE AGENTS.
Hoyt V. P.. Fifth
Miller John D. Bank bldg.
Scidmore G. B. Fourth
JOB PRINTING.
Chieftain Office, Fourth
LIVERY AND FEED STABLES.
Carlie & Keeling, Sixth
Roe Joel, First
LUMBER DEALERS.
Barndollar Ferd. & Co. Fifth
Rickard H. A. E. Third
PAINTERS.
Bear S. W. cor. Santa Fe av. and Third
Hitchins Joseph, Santa Fe av.
Schipper Jacob, cor. Santa Fe av. & Third
PHOTOGRAPHERS.
Smith & Grove, over Peabodj & Jordan's
PHYSICIANS.
Curtis E. M. Santa Fe av.
Snyder J. W. 0. Post Office
Thombs P. R. Santa Fe av.
POST OFFICE.
Hours from 7 a. m. to 9 p. m. Santa Fe av.
PRINTING OFFICE.
Chieftain Office, Fourth
PUBLICATIONS.
The Colorado Chieftain, Fourth
The Oreat West, Bank bldg.
REAL ESTATE AGENTS.
Barndollar Ferd. & Co. Fifth
Bradford, Chilcott & Macdonald, Bank
bldg.
Carlton R. C. Fourth
Harris M. V. B. Santa Fe av.
Miller John D. Bank bldg.
SCRIP AND WARRANTS.
Holmes E. C. Santa Fe av.
S. O. M. & EX. LINE.
Barlow, Sanderson & Co. Bank bldg.
TINW^ARE.
Cooper Brothers, Santa Fe av.
Hill & Pierce, Santa Fe av.
TOBACCO AND CIGARS.
Rice James, Bank bldg.
"WAGON MAKERS.
Hyde & Kretschmer, Third
U. S. LAND OFFICE.
Business hours from 10 a. m. to 4 p. m.
Bank bldg.
AND COLOllADO GAZETTEER.
C§ltlli# CHIEFTAIN
rr];LiSHED at
]',Y
X-ija.]\^^E3S^T cfc CO.
Terms, #^ per year.
^ The CHIEFTAIN, as an .Advertising Medium, has
no equal in Colorado; and in the country, Iving between
Denver and Santa Fe, it has a larger circulation than all
other newspapers combined.
Of every description, executed Ifeatly (ntd (lunphi.
J. A. Thatchek. M. I). Til VI. II KK.
WMA^€HEB"bB#TIIICICS
PUEBLO, COLORADO.
Having erected a P'ire-Proof Bankins; House, we are now prepartHl to ilo a
general Banicing business.
Exchange on all the principal cities of the T'nited States, lumght and koUI. Coll.-.'-
tions made in all pans of the Countr.v.
Gold and Silver Coin, Gold Dust and rnitc<l Stales Securities, l.miK
and sold. Our long estalilislied liusiness in Colorado nivi-s
ns increased facilities for transiictiiig buNines.s to
tlie satisfaction of all.
The patronage of the public is solicited, assuring them of our iM-rsoniil |.r..iiii'»
attention to all business entrusted to our caie.
J. A. & M. D. THATCHER,
"Wholesale and Retail ]>eal.rs in
Clothing', Boots and Shoes, (iroccrics. Hanl^nre. (^.iren>«are.
Farming Iniplonicnts, A-c.
And keep constantlv on hand a large Stock of Goods of every de.Horlptl..n. wIht.
all can'be supplied in Large or Smai.i. qunutltles. «t tU«
TEUT ZOWEST I'liTCrs.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
HYDE Sl KRETSCHMER,
>..A i 4,
Jlack^mitli^. and Ifagon, Hakei J
F. E. cor. Third and Main Sts.,
All kiiuls of carriage and wagon material constantly on hand. Manufacturers
of all kinds of carriages and wagons.
H. H. COOPEK. R. C. COOPEE,
COOPER BROTHERS,
DEALEKS IN
Pressed Tinned Iron Ware,
Charter Ocik Stoves, Plows, Etc., Etc. I
Also, manufacturers of a superior article of Heavy Tinware , Sheet Iron and
Copper Ware, Etc., Etc.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
C. P. Peabody t /-. 1
J. C. JOKDAX.
PEABODY & JORDAN,
Jobbers and Retail Dealers in
Groceries, Boots aud Shoes, Hats, Caps, Clothiug, ic,
SANTA FE AVENUE,
F^liM^©^ - ^ €01iQE4DO.
J. A. THATCHER. M. D. THATCHER. F. O. BLOOM.
THATCHER BROS. & CO.
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN
Bry Ml Clollii, Bools anl Slioes,
Groceries, Hardware, Queensware, Stoves,
TINWARE, FARMING IKIPLEKIENTS, ETC.,
And keep constantly on hand a large Stock of Goods of every description, wh.-rx. .11 c»n I- -m . '' -»
LARGE or SMALL quantities, at tliv
"ArEK,-^- LO-WEST FE-ICES."
TRINIDAD, ■ - ■ COLORADO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
T'ERD. BARNDOLLAR. JNO. K. LOWTHEK. V. B. HOYT
Ferd. Barndollar & Co.
FORWARDERS,
AND DEALERS IN
Wool, Coal, Grain, Flour, Feed, Lumber, Lath,
Shingles, Pickets, Doors, Sash, Blinds,
All matters pertaining to a general real estate business,
collection of drafts, notes, etc., etc., and all correspondence,
relating to any kind of business or the resources of the
country, will receive prompt attention. New settlers com-
ing to the country are respectfully invited to call at our
office when in Pueblo.
F£RD. BARNDOLLAR & CO.,
KIT CAKSON DIRECTOKY,
111
KIT CARSON,
The county seat of Greenwood county, is located in the eastern-central por-
tion of Colorado, on the Kansas Pacific railway. After the railway reached
this point, and previous to its completion to Denver, it was the place of
transfer for all freights and passengers over the road, destined for Southern
Colorado, New and Old Mexico. This made the trade of the place imjKirtaut,
and large hotels, and trading and forwarding and commissioa houses wore
established, and a heavy amount of business transacted The number of men
employed in these, and in constructing the railroad, made the population
considerable, and local business very brisk in 1870, but since the completion
of the Kansas Pacific to Denver, both population and business has rapidly
decreased. However, a large amount of freight for New and Old Mexico,
and Southern Colorado, is still reshipped at this point, which, in connection
with the fact that the town is an important station on the railway, makes it
quite an active trading post.
A INSLEE R. S. railroad agent
Allen James, justice of the peace
American House, Wm. Conner, prop.
T)ARRETT & CO. druggists
Benson J. prop, beer hall
Bear John
Biedel Mark, grocer
Bishop , carpenter and joiner
Bristoe George, constable
Brownlee , carpenter and joiner
CHICK W. H. & CO. commission and
forwarding
Clutter J. C. physician
Collar M. dry goods dealer
Conner Wm. prop. American House
CuUen Robt. clerk,government warehouse
D
ESMOND PAT. policeman
TjlIELD & HILL, grocers
Floarman Charles, prop, beer Hall
Frost D. M. school teacher
XT ARRIS W. H. county clerk
Hand & Co. grocers
TAY J. H. blacksmith
Johnson H. R. grocer
Jones E. F. justice of the peace
J. D. Perry House, Thos. Foley, prop.
27
KEMP THOMAS, prop, dance hall
and saloon
Kruger Henry, jeweler
X AWRENCE J. saloonkeeper
MUSICK C. E. & CO. grocers aoJ
forwarding
Murphy , dealer in boots and shoe*
NAGLE JAMES, coroner and prop.
boarding house
Norton John, prop, saloon
Norton Mike, prop, saloon
OTERO, SELLAR & CO. forwarding
and commission merchants
Olney James, agi. S. 0. M.
PIERCE JOHN W. bookkeeper, C. B.
Musick & Co.
R
UDER A. butcher
n NYDER C. J. probate judge
Sonneberger , freighter and atock
dealer , . i
Stewart L. F. superintendent of acbooU
Soward J. A. poatmaater
T
V
HOMAS J. W. clerk. Porry Hou««
AN ZANDT B. dealer in cigan and
tobacco, and landlord
yiMMERMAN F. C gunsmith
412 COLORADO CITY DIRECTORY.
COLORADO CITY.
In 1858, and previous to the discovery of the Gregory gold mines, a few
hardy pioneers, with their families, located under the shadow of the cele-
brated Pike's Peak, and named their settlement Colorado City. It was the
first place in the new Territory dignified with a municipal title, which it yet
retains, with buoyant hopes of Bome day — Phoenix like — rising from its own
ashes to a genuine importance, beyond all former pretensions.
Formerly, nearly all the immigration to the Territory directed their steps
to this point, as the future great metropolis of Colorado, and as the key to
the mountains through which all travelers must pass on their way to the
mines — the beautiful and wonderful garden of the gods, and to the famous
boiling springs. Of the latter, John C. Fremont, in his report of explora-
tions, says : "In the upper part of a rock, which had apparently been formed
by deposition, was a beautiful white basin, overhung by currant bushes, in
which the cold, clear water bubbled up, kept in constant motion by the
escaping gas, and overflowing the rock which it had almost entirely covered
with a smooth crust of glistening white." The water has a very agreeable
taste, and was found to resemble that of the famous Seltzer springs, in the
grand duchy of Nassau, a country famous for wine and mineral waters; and
it is almost entirely of the same character, though still more agreeable than
that of the famous Bear springs, near Bear river, of the Great Salt Lake.
A great many enterprising men, with capital, located at Colorado City
for tho purpose of opening a permanent field for business operations, and for
a time the town flourished, and was indeed the most promising place for the
metropolis of the Territory; but soon a series of adversities reduced it to
what it now remains, a small, deserted country village, dependent entirely
upon farm produce. Among the principal causes of its decline was the dis-
covery of the Gregory gold mines, in Gilpin county, to which Denver was
the nearest market; the opening of the Ben. Holladay stage line, with gen-
eral office at Denver, and the frequent Indian outbreaks along the Arkansas
route, left unprotected. The adjacent hills and canons were selected by the
various tribes as a favorite spot from which to make their raids, and was gen-
erally avoided by the immigrants as dangerous territory. Notwithstanding
the adversity that this place had to contend against, many of the old settiers
remained in the vicinity even after the capital had been removed and all
sources of commerce cut oS". Many of the dwellings were moved out of the
town onto the adjoining farms, so that while the town went down, the agri-
cultural portion of the country was improved. In a few months tlie iron
horse will be rushing through this beautiful valley, and immigration will
again set in towards this favored portion of Colorado.
COLORADO CITY DIRECTORY.
41'A
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
Rippley J. K.
Stone E. T.
BOARDING HOUSE KEEPERS.
Colton E. T.
Oldham George
Roberts James
BLACKSMITHS.
Kinsman D. F.
Wright Horace
BUTCHERS.
Roberts Eugene
Rose Eugene
CARPENTERS.
Bott A.
Hill A.
Langmeyer John
Weaver Phil.
Yoho I.
HOTEL KEEPER.
Royce P. W. El Paso House
LIVE STOCK DEALERS.
Flannegan Frank
Sims James
LIVERY STABLE KEEPERS.
Aukinvale Charles
Swisher M. D.
MERCHANTS.
lOeucral.)
G^hruug Eliiile, Stone Store
Hunt T.
Meyers B. C. & Brother
MILLERS.
Riordan James
Templeton & White
NOTARIES PUBLIC.
Howbert Irving, (Co. Clerk El Paso Co )
POSTMASTER.
Gehrung Emile, Stone Si.>rr
SALOON KEEPERS.
Younger James
SHOEMAKERS.
Colby
Powles Henry
SURVEYORS.
Finley Robert
Sheldon A. Z.
EMILE GEHRUNG,
Wholesale and Retail 'Doalor in
;BI»^, T)1U"(.S
Clotliiug, Dry Goods,
Hats, Caps, Boots, Shoes, Confectionery, Country I'roduce, Lumber. Ois. l-a.nt.
Grain, Flour, Wines, Liquors Tinware, Hardware-, Que<<nswnro. r<ml. Etc
Colorado City.
COLORADO,
414 rvCCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
GRAND ISLAND DISTRICT.
The Grand Island mining district of Boulder county was organized in
18G3, by Samuel Conger and others. It takes its name from Grand Island,
a beautiful mountain, surrounded by the waters of the North Boulder, con-
taining an area of seventy-fivo acres, covered with luxuriant grasses and
forests of mountain pines, which rises about 500 feet above a fine park (for-
merly Trannemaker's, now Hill's ranch), five miles from the main range, and
fifteen miles from Boulder City. About one mile above the island the North
Boulder, a considerable stream, furnishing superior water-power, escapes its
mountain confines through a deep canon in a spur of the main range; here
its waters divide, wind around the mountain, and again unite in the beau-
tiful valley beyond.
Previous to the organization of the district, in July, 1862, Samuel Con-
ger, a pioneer prospector and hunter, discovered, while elk hunting, the Con-
ger lode, the first discovery of mining property in the district. Mr. Conger
was the first white man who explored this wild mountain region, and from
his adventurous explorations the richest silver mining district in Colorado,
or the world, has been discovered and developed. About this time a shaft
was sunk to a depth of eighteen or twenty feet on the Conger lode, and con-
.siderable ore taken out; this, however, was not removed, owing to the dis-
tance from reduction works. For the purpose of bringing out this ore, Wm.
J. Martin, George Lyttle, Samuel Conger and others came into this district
in August, 1869. Whilst ascending the mountain (now Caribou mountain)
on which the Conger lode is located, Mr. Martin discovered "blossom rock,"
which indicated their proximity to mineral deposits. The party halted,
commenced digging, and soon opened a strong fissure vein, containing true
crevice material, and every evidence of rich silver ores,' in large quantities.
These were analyzed, found to be rich in silver, and this discovery was
recorded as the Caribou lode, now the great silver mine of Colorado, a full
description of which appears in the chapter on mines. Mr. Martin and his
company continued working the mine during the fall of 1869 and the
winter of '69-70, packing their supplies from Brown's ranch, about four
miles distant, the nearest point reached at that time by a wagon road. The
richness of these ores attracted the attention of miners in other districts, and
the usual excitement, that follows the discovery of new and valuable mining
property, took place. This was at its height in the summer of 1870, at
which time three or four hundred hardy, adventurous prospccters were
actively engaged in prospecting the entire district. Before the fall of the
same year several hundred discovery claims were recorded. Among these.
many veins have already been sufficiently developed to establish, beyond a
doubt, the existence of numerous rich silver mines in the belt of lodes that
traverse spurs of the main range in this portion of Boulder county.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 4I;
The Caribou Silver Mining Co, the former proprietors of the Caribou
lode, and present owners of the east-half of the same; and preemptors of iho
sue of Caribou City, was organized in 1870, with the following u.embers:
Wm J. Martin, George Lyttle, Samuel Mishler, Samuel Conner and John
Pickle. These, with the exception of Samuel Conger, who sold out hi.
interest to the others, still constitute the company. Under their direction
the location for the city was chosen, and the survey made by Mr Burns iu
September, 1870
CARIBOU CITY
Is situated in a small park or valley, and on the slopes of Caribou or Conger
mountain, two miles from the main range, near Caribou miue, twenty niilcj*
from Boulder City, and eighteen miles from Central and Black Hawk. The
park and the slope of the mountain, previous to the innovation of eiviliia-
tion and mining enterprises, were covered with mountain grasses and furest**
of pine and spruce. These are rapidly disappearing, and in tbeir Btfad.
shops, houses and hotels are springing up. Building progres.sed as rapidly
in the fall of 1870 as was possible with the present supply of lumber, and
there is now in the town limits at least sixty good, substantial buildings, and
a population of nearly 400 persons, which will be doubled during the coojing
year. This remarkable mining camp, though near the main range, i.s acce*-
sible at all seasons. Its elevation above the sea-level is about y.OUO feel,
but the ascent from the valleys below is so gradual that good watron roads
are constructed without difficulty, and Caribou is now connected with Boulder
City, Black Hawk, Central and elsewhere, by excellent roads, always in good
condition for travel.
A careful examination of the mines, minerals and peculiar advantage*
and resources of Grand Island district has convinced us that ere long Cari-
bou will be a mining town of considerable importance, and the di-strict on**
of unusual wealth. The authorities of Caribou are the county officers of
laboring men. Another peculiarity they have in common with mountain
miners and prospecters, is hospitality. The latch-stnng ot a miner s cabin
always hangs out. He is ever ready to share his rough fare with the
stranger, and a part of his blanket and the shelter of his cabin roof nrc never
refused. Among the leading men of the town, and one in every w.ny ct>n.-
petent and willing to furnish important information to visitors conp>rning
the mining interests of the district, we take pleasure in mentioning Mr. Lcc.
a member of the Territorial legislature. ., ^ ,1 p -i «,
The principal merchants of the town are Leo Donnelly. Caribou » ret .
dealer in groceries and provisions, who commenced business m August. 1. .U,
first in a tent, but has now a substantial frame building.
416 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
Van & Tilney, groceries and provisions, who commenced business in
.July, 1S70. This store is the pioneer store of the town, and their stock and
building are in good condition.
Prescott W. Pierce, meat market ; the first and only one in town up to
date. This store was the first frame building in Caribou.
Sears & Werley, proprietors of a first-class billiard hall, with three good
tables. The building two stories — 24x60 feet, the upper rooms for offices.
Maj. E. M. Beard, proprietor of a saloon and boarding-house, Idaho
street. Maj. Beard came to Caribou in September, and has erected and
completed a good substantial frame building, 20x34 feet, doing most of the
work himself.
Before this work will be issued there will, no doubt, be many more mer-
chants in town, but those named above have on hand a sufficient supply of
goods suitable for their trade, and are ready to supply any increased demand.
KEYSPORT.
This embryo town is located in a beautiful park or valley, on Beaver
creek, in Grand Island district, Boulder county, at the base of Caribou
mountain, about two miles from Caribou mine and city, sixteen miles from
Central, and eighteen miles from Boulder City.
The organization of the town company was effected by Mr. Alfred Tucker,
of Central, in August, 1870, and a survey and plat of the town was made
in the same month. Suitable space was reserved for public buildings and
grounds, and the balance placed at the disposal of settlers. To any person
who will erect a good substantial frame building, a lot is donated, and already
quite a number of residences are erected. The company is styled the Grand
Island Lumber Co., with the following officers and trustees: Alfred Tucker,
president; E. Sexton, secretary and treasurer; Alfred Tucker, John Ander-
son, J. S. Beaman, J. W. Daniels and Henry Deschner, trustees.
The company have preempted, beside the town, a large tract of good
timber land, and own a valuable ranch, formerly Orvis', a steam saw-mill,
machine repair shop, and sash and door factory. Good wagon roads, con-
structed by the company, connect the town site with the main wagon roads
from Boulder City, Central and Caribou. In the immediate vicinity several
good lodes have been developed, which are yielding good pay; among these,
the Sovereign People, Trojan and Boulder County. The situation and sur-
roundings of Keysport make it a suitable and beautiful site for a town, and
its central location, in one of the richest silver mining districts of the Terri-
tory, will no doubt eventually make it populous and prosperous. Mr. Tucker
assures us the town will be considerably improved next summer, and it may
be a rival of Caribou City.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 417
HADDAM.
This embryo city is located in a beautiful valley, on the Middle Boulder,
ia Boulder county, about three miles from the celebrated Caribou lode, the
richest and largest silver mine in the Territory, if not in the world, sevcn'tooi.
miles from Central, and eighteen miles from Boulder City, on the main wa^'on
road that connects these points. The town site comprises about 3U(J aoren
on the south bank of the river, and no more available or beautiful looatiuu
for a city can be found anywhere in the mountains.
The Boulder supplies any amount of water-power, and superior mill-hites
are abundant. The ground is level and fertile, and abundance of good lum-
ber for building purposes and fuel surround the valley. The proprit-tor of
this valuable town property, Cyrus Hurd, Esq., one of the leadin«; niill-uien
of Gilpin county, will erect large reduction works at this place next summer,
for the treatment of the silver ores of Grand Island district, which can be
transported to this point at trifling expense. These alone will furni.sh
employment for quite a population. As this valley is the only one of any
extent near Caribou, no doubt Haddam will be eventually the .supply town
for this rich mining district. It may hereafter rival all of its namesakes in
the Eastern States in wealth and population, and will most assuredly excel
these in the grandeur and beauty of its scenery.
ST. CHARLES LIMY, FEED AND SALE STABLE
Gregory St., opp. St. Charles Hotel,
BLACK HAWK, - - COLORADO.
First-class teams and saddle Horses nlwoyH on l.nnd.
WM. GERMAIN, Propr.
418 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
CHICAGO BUSINESS NOTICES.
NOVELTY CAKRIAGE WORKS.
Thomas H. Brown, the proprietor of this well known manufactory of
light wagons, skeleton wagons, sulkies and light buggies, is turning out
work equal, if not superior, to that of any of the largest and most noted
Eastern factories. As an evidence of this, we know, from actual observa-
tion, that Mr. Brown receives orders from some of the wealthiest New York
gentlemen who take especial interest in fine turn-outs, and is making regular
shipments to that metropolis. He manufactures light work only, and the
material he uses and the workmen he employs cannot be excelled. For
durability, strength, fineness of finish, and lightness, his work challenges
competition. Persons who are about purchasing buggies, trotting wagons or
sulkies, or light road wagons, should either visit the Novelty Carriage Works,
44 Adams street, Chicago, and examine the stock on hand there, or com-
municate by letter with Thomas H. Brown, the proprietor, before buying
elsewhere.
We quote the following from the Chicago Journal of March 7:
"Western Carriage Work vs. Eastern. — There are probably no
drives on this continent on which finer horses or equipages may be seen than
are to be daily observed in Central park or on Harlem lane. New York.
Wealth and taste are there lavishly displayed. Some of the most fastidious
and well known leaders of wealth and fashion, ignoring the celebrated car-
riage makers of the East, have sent to our city for the stylish and light
buggies and road wagons made at T. H. Brown's Novelty Carriage Works,
44 Adams street, whose reputation for this class of work is becoming widely
known from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Those who appreciate and admire
superior work of this class are invited to inspect the first-class buggies now on
hand at this establishment, two of which are awaiting shipment to New York,
to be followed, in a short time, by others now constructing for gentlemen
well known in business and fashionable circles in that city."
The Brown Novelty Road Wagon, an invention of the proprietor of these
works, and manufactured by him exclusively, is attracting universal attention
from the novelty of its construction, its lightness, great strength, and ease
with which it runs. It is very popular wherever used, and should be intro-
duced into Colorado.
WESTERN CIGAR WAREHOUSE.
The proprietor of this well known and extensively patronized cigar man-
nifactory and warehouse is placing in the market, at exceedingly low rates,
for cash, a number of superior brands of domestic cigars; prominent among
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 4^9
these, the » Fannie Otis '' -Le Boquet," "Club House," and "Don't Bother
Me. As a means of advertising his goods, xMr. Tinsall, the pn.prieto of
the warehouse furnishes his customers, ^r«^^., with an elegant glL tablet
of which the following IS a brief description : '
"The size of the tablet, with walnut frame, is 32x44 inches, which en-
sists in part, ot a rich monogram, surrounded by four American H.-^s with
the American Eagle, in gold leaf, at the base; clouds forming th"e "back-
ground under which, in a semi-circle, is the word cigars, in silver leaf and
four colors. A panel forms the bottom of the card, in which we insert the
name of the purchaser; therefore, do not omit to write your name plainly
Ihe tablet is executed on glass, in gold and silver leaf, and with the finest
imported colors, which time will not dim; in the manufacture of which I
which I have been so fortunate as to secure the services of the eminent
artist, Mr. E. DeVide (late of Paris), who gives his personal attention to
their manufacture."
This house offers superior inducements to Western wholesale dealers;
and all merchants visiting Chicago for the purpose of purchasing stocks <>('
cigars should call at the Great Western Ciqar WAREH0USEr4r) and 47
River street, and those wishing to order should send for 3Ir. Tinsall's price
current and circulars. See his advertisement elsewhere.
ARTIFICIAL LEGS AND ARMS.
J. E. Gardner, whose office and manufactory is in the Post Office block,
Chicago, 111., is manufacturing an artificial leg which is really a wonder of
art, so nearly does it perform all the duties of the natural limb. Besides
being nearly as useful as the one nature provides, it is equally as graceful
and beautiful, and so completely fitted to the person, that its use cannot bo
detected unless by close examination. The ankle joint is formed by a ball of
polished glass, plying in a socket of vulcanite, and admits of every motion of
the natural one, without an exception. Springs and tendons, formed of rub-
ber and numerous layers of the finest linen thread, take tlio place and perform
the duties of the muscles and tendons of the lower limb. The knee joint
admits of all the motion of the natural joint, and performs its functions nat-
urally and gracefully, without any of the hitching peculiar to other urtifn.-ial
limbs. The material used in their manufacture combines the preatejit
strength with the smallest possible weight, and the workmanship is .so accu-
rate and complete, that persons wearing them can engage in any avocation
with perfect ease and facility, and suffer no pain or inconvenience.
There are, to-day, thousands in the country wearing the tiardncr lejr,
engaged in every business and trade, who have testified to the complete effi-
ciency and great value of the limb. To miners, who have lost an arm or
leg, by the various accidents attending their dangerous avocation, a knowl-
edge of the peculiarities of the Gardner leg is extremely valuable; and to
such we can truthfully assert that with this leg, properly adjusted, they cin
perform all the labors of a miner with perfect case and safety. So ne.irly
does its motion resemble that of the natural limb, they can ascend and
descend ladders, work without difficulty in stooping or other positions, and
be as active on foot as a sound man. ^ j i- r -i- •
Mr. Gardner's manufactory is the largest in the ^V est, and his facilities
for filling orders promptly, unequalled anywhere. Soldiers can have limbs
420 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
supplied by making application to J. E. Gardner, room number fifteen, Post
Office block, who will furnish the blanks necessary, and all further informa-
tion.
Mr. Gardner's extensive experience in the business, havinfr supplied
more legs to the public than all other manufacturers in the West, thoroughly
qualifies him for his profession, and insures purchasers the most perfect
adjustment of the artificial limb, and guarantees satisfaction in every way.
It does not matter at what point the amputation has been performed, whether
above or below the knee joint, or on the foot, the part needed can be sup-
plied and adjusted. This holds good also with the arm.
Mr. Gardner's supply of trusses, bandages, crutches, and all other classes
of orthapedical implements, all of his own manufacture, is extensive, and
his facilities for the proper adjustment of these unsurpassed.
For printed matter, more fully describing and illustrating these articles,
and all other information on the subject, address J. E. Gardner, room 15,
Post Office block, Chicago, 111.
GILBEPvT HUBBARD & CO.
This institution is not only the most extensive and ably managed, but
the oldest of the kind in Chicago, the present proprietors being the legiti-
mate heirs of the house of Geo. A. Robb, which was established in 1833,
when Chicago was a village. Payson & Kobb were the successors of Geo.
A. Robb, in 1842. Hubbard & Robb were their successors, in 1849. The
latter was merged into the present firm, Gilbert Hubbard & Co., who con-
duct the business in the well known massive four story and basement, iron
building, on the corner of South Water and Wells streets. The business
transactions of this firm extend over the entire country. For instance, one
mail last week brought letters containing orders from Duluth, 8t. Cloud,
Denver, Salt Lake, Columbus. 0., and Western Missouri, in addition to
orders from Chicago and vicinity.
They have every facility for conducting their business on a large scale,
and employ from forty to fifty hands constantly, and efiect annual sales of
over SI, 000,000.
Their stock of the following items of trade is always full and complete,
and not equalled by any similar house in Chicago. That is, supplies such
as tents, cordage, twines, etc., for mining, engineering and surveying parties;
belting and other material for mills and reduction works, and chains, ropes,
blocks, duck, tackle, etc., for railroad companies.
Besides the majority of the roads terminating in this city, with all of
whom they have dealings to a greater or less extent, during the past year
this company has furnished to the order of the North Pacific, the Lake
Superior & Mississippi, the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston, the Mis-
souri River, Ft. Scott & Gulf, and the Union Pacific roads, besides doing a
heavy trade on the plains, in Denver, Cheyenne, Utah and Montana. Last
season they supplied the hotels at Saratoga with flags, filling also an order in
Pennsylvania, not a hundred miles from New York, and at the Soldiers'
re-union, a fortnight since, sent flags and bunting to the amount of S500.
Their goods are all of the very best in the market, and have attained a
national reputation; while their facilities are such that they can compete in
prices with the heaviest dealers in the country. Their success is the result
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 421
of persistent energy and enterprise, and a thorough comprehension of their
business in all its details, and the wants of their customers To these pre
requisites must be added that integrity, promptness and courtesy on the t.art
of firm and employes, which has made them personally popular, and w..n
together with its generous patronage, the enduring frienship of the public
here and everywhere. (See advertisement.)
ELY,
The first tailor and draper of Chicago and the Northwest. His establish-
ment is most elegantly and tastefully arranged; his parlors superbly furn-
ished, and his employes, artists. The following, from an Illinoi.s daily, gives
a fair idea of his business facilities:
" Mr. Edward Ely is the merchant tailor of Chicago. He towers above
all competitors, as does the house of Field, Leiter & Co. in the domain of
dry goods. No man is considered elegantly or fashionably dres-^^ed in that
city unless his garments are made by Ely. No wedding in high life is strictly
legal, or likely to withstand the perils of divorce over six months, uules^s the
habiliments of the groom are among the architectural achievements of Ely.
" He is an artist as well as a tailor, and clothes made by him look as if
they grew on you. He takes about seventy-five different measurements, notes
all your physical peculiarities, and if you are within reach, makes you call
in and try on the duds during the process of manufacture. He has been in
the business in Chicago twenty-three years, has always paid a hundred centd
on the dollar, always keeps the best goods, employs six cutters, and something
less than a hundred subordinates, and is the cleverest man you will meet in
a day's travel." (See adv't.)
HATCH, HOLBROOK & CO.
In our review of the leading business houses of Chicago we desire to
particularly mention the enterprising firm of Hatch, Holbrook & Co., dealers
in hard wood lumber. No. 265 Archer avenue, and who can ju.>stl) be
called the most extensive lumber dealers in their line in the Northwest.
Besides their extensive yard at this location, with a stock of from three to
four million feet, they have two branches of their business at the corner of
Erie and Kingsbury streets, Chicago, and at 499 lliver street, iMilwaukee.
Such facilities as these enable them to handle huge stocks of lumber, keeping
on hand always an immense assortment, and shipping their orders with the
utmost despatch. Their stock consists of ash, oak, hickory, black walnut,
cherry, butternut, maple and white wood, comprising always a lar-e stock
of agricultural implement, wagon and cabinet lumber. They are al.so ar|ro
contractors for railroad timber, ties, telegraph poles, etc. ^\ e cordially
recommend this firm to the Colorado business public, as one composed ol
men of sterling worth and integrity, and whose character and reputation for
honorable dealing is too well known throughout the entire Northwest to
need any endorsement guaranteed from any source whatever. 1 hev mvuc
the attention of dealers and manufacturers to a favorable nuti.-o .-t thc.r
firm, guaranteeing, always, perfect satisfaction in their shipmonus and a.,
they are making an effort to control the hard wood lumber trade n, the Ter-
ritories, their prices will be such as cannot fail to suit. (See their adverti5c-
ment aud send for a price list.)
422 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
CHICAGO IRON WORKS— LETZ & CO.— NEW FIRM.
The establishment of F. Letz & Son, Nos. 84 to 92 Franklin street, has
been known all over the West during the greater part of the time since the
house was founded, twenty-eight years ago. As manufacturers of iron work,
for residences, stores, bridges, manufactories, etc., the firm has no rival, the
name being familiar in letters of iron all over the northwestern States. The
oldest and most prominent firm in the city in their line, their works are the
most extensive, embracing all the best appliances for turning out work expe-
ditiously and well, and employ the best mechanical talent in the city. In
iron fronts and rolling iron shutters, they have long since distanced compe-
tition, and their iron roofs, bank vaults and doors, jail doors and cells, with
iron gratings, fencing, etc., are all classed as No. 1 wherever known. They
furnish patterns for work in any required style, and the work itself in a
style which cannot be surpassed, in less time than most others, and as well
and cheaply as the best.
The firm has recently been reorganized, Mr. F. Letz retiring, His son,
who has conducted the business for the last twelve years, takes the position
of head, and has associated with him Mr. Chenoweth and Mr. Gabriel, both
of whom are men of large experience, having been connected with the firm
for many years past. Mr. Chenoweth has been with them ever since 1855,
as foreman and superintendent, and Mr. Gabriel for thirteen years past,
acting as foreman during the past three years.
The new firm is an eminently practical and reliable one, and we warmly
commend it to our readers as well worthy of patronage. Purchasers in Col-
orado, of any kind of iron work in their line, should communicate with Letz
& Co. before buying elsewhere. (See adv't.)
CRANE BROTHERS— NORTHWESTERN MANUFACTURING CO.
The gentlemen whose names appear above are among the pioneers and
heaviest capitalists who have invested in the iron manufacturing business in
the Northwest. When they first established their business in the West,
they, with the fine foresight of acut€ business men, predicted the future
greatness of Chicago, and chose this point, fully believing it would be what
it now is, the great distributing point of the "Western World," and their
business, from small beginning, has grown to be among the first manufacturing
enterprises of the country.
They have their business thoroughly systematized, and divided into
twelve different departments: 1st, drafting and patterns; 2d, iron foundry;
3d, malleable foundry and fitting department; 4th, wrought iron pipe; 5th,
brass foundry and fitting department; 6th, radiators, coils and screws, the
manufacture of which goods is a specialty; 7th, steam warming and venti-
lating apparatus; 8th, steam-engines, boilers, passenger and freight eleva-
tors, steam pumps and general machinery. The balance of the departments,
the general finishing business, etc., that follows this varied amount of man-
ufacturing enterprises, all embraced in one establishment.
Every person interested in the purchase, sale or use of machinery in
Colorado, should make themselves familiar with the superior workmanship,
satisfactory prices, and unusual inducements in every way afforded by the
Northwestern Manufacturing Co. of Chicago. (See adv't.)
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 42$
UNITED STATES HAY AND COTTON PRESS.
This press a description and cut of which appears in our advertising
columns has been thoroughly tested, and has turned out bales of hay aver"
aging 400 pounds, at the rate of sixteen tons in ten hours. Four n.eu and
two horses can press from ten to sixteen tons per day. As the proprietor of
this press IS his own manufacturer, ho can warrant the workuianship com-
plete in every way and can refer to parties using them fur their tl.or..u"h
efliciency Mr. Banks also manufactures a loose huy press, of this s'.me
patent calculated to put up a bale weighing from 300 to 350 pound.s, which
gives better satisfaction than any loose press introduced. For particulars
and circular, apply to P. Eycleshimcr, Denver, Col., or the proprietor W II
Banks, 46 and 48 West Lake street, Chicago, 111.
We also call attention to the Williams Combined Self-Raking Reaper
and Mower, having double drive-wheels and gearing encased. Among the
advantages of this machine are: the driver cannot be thrown in front of the
knives, changeable speed to the knives, centre cut, a perfect fitting arrange-
ment, cuts lodged grain and standing grain equally as well.
The Williams Light Mower is especially adapted to rough, uneven, stony
and stumpy ground. It is strong, durable, light, perfectly balanced, and no
side draft.
P. Eycleshimer, Denver City, Col., local agent; Bradley & Banks, Xos.
46 and 48 West Lake street, Chicago, 111., general agents. The.se imple-
ments are superior in style and workmanship, and well adapted to Colorado
agricultural purposes. (See adv't.)
THE EAGLE WORKS.
The machinery, of various description, manufactured by this groat,
well known and most reliable iron manufactory of the West, has been so
thoroughly tested in Colorado, by years of continued use in mills and reduc-
tion works, that no word of recommendation from us is ro(|uisite to call
attention to their superiority. Nevertheless, some notice of the great extent
and capacity of the works may be interesting to machinists and mill-mea.
The following quotation is to the point :
"This great establishment, working from 400 to 500 men, with over lUU
lathes, planers, screw-cutters, drills, etc., has grown up to its proH^-ut mam-
moth size with the growth of Chicago and the great Northwest, and the
name of P. W. Gates is familiar as a household word in every department
of mechanics.
"The steam-engines and boilers of the Eagle Works Mnnufiioturing Co.
are not surpassed, if equalled, by any made in the country. Tiicir lathwf,
planers, drills and screw cutters— the invention of Mr. Gates— arc .-t the
best pattern and most substantial workmanship.
"The largest and finest saw-mills and flouring-mills in the ^orthwe»t
have been supplied with machinery furnished by this company.
" Mining machinery of all descriptions, stamp-mills, rock breakers, pulver-
izers, amalgamators, etc., are made a special branch of their business*, and the
gold and copper mines everywhere have been furnished in large Muai't'iv^
Illustrated circulars, and all information received by addrcseiog 1 . W.
Gates, president, Chicago, 111. (See adv't.)
424 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
PALMER, FULLER & CO.
The extensive establishment of this well known firm is on the corner of
22d and Union streets, Chicago, and is the largest manufactory of the kind
in the Northwest. It is confined solely to one class of work, such as sash,
doors, moldings, stairs, stair ballusters, newel posts, and every kind of build-
ing material requiring careful finish, which is transportable. To convey some
idea of the extent of this establishment, we will state that five acres of land
are covered with the buildings, offices and lumber yards of the establishment,
and these five acres almost in the heart of the great city of Chicago. Their
facilities for doing every class of work in their line, in a superior manner,
are not excelled in the country. The capacity and completeness of their
manufactory, the superior finish of their offices, and their advantages for
supplying the largest wholesale and retail trade, are unequalled in the West,
As reliable business men and courteous gentlemen, the members of this firm
have no superiors anywhere, and we can safely assure all interested in this
business in Colorado that this firm can supply their demands satisfactory.
(See adv't.)
ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD.
The following extracts from the Trade and Commerce of Chicago, will
fairly illustrate the immense business and importance of this vast enterprise,
which ranks among the greatest financial schemes ever inaugurated on the
American continent:
"This well known railroad may justly be called the backbone of our
development as a State; it is the radial line from which a large part of the
State of Illinois has been built up. The main line from Cairo to Duuleith,
runs north and south, through the middle of the State, nearly coinciding
with the principal meridian, while the branch line from Centralia to Chicago,
connects the commercial metropolis with the Southern States. The total
length of this important artery of commerce and development is 707 miles
within the State of Illinois alone, besides which the company own a lease of
over 402 miles of road in Iowa, of which 136 miles have been adaed during
1870, and important connections are now perfected Southward, covering all
the country bordering on the lower Mississippi.
" We extract the following interesting facts from the last annual report
of the President, just issued:
"The gross earnings of the whole line were S8, 678, 958. 22; operating
expenses, §4,759,60781; State taxes, $90,111.56; and rent of leased lines
in Iowa, 0572,517.05— leaving net earnings, §2,857,321.80 against §2,887,-
375.38, in 1869, a decrease of §30,053.58. The percentage of expenses to
earnings, including State taxes, 60fo per cent., against Ql\ per cent, in 1869.
"The gross earnings in Illinois were §7,211,552.81, and the net, §2,790,-
105.22, being an increase over last year of §57,349.06; and of leased lines,
the gross earnings were §1,467,405.41; working expenses, §802,144.74;
State taxes, §25,527.04; and rent, §572.517.05— leaving a net profit of
§67,216.58.
"During the year, 1,623,944 tons pf freight of all classes were hauled,
against 1,601,972 tons in 1869; the rates for which averaged 2i^ cents per
ton per mile, against 2^^ cents in 1869.
1
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 425
"The company now run regular trains from this city to St. Louis, through
without change of cars, making direct connections at St. Louis with railroad
lines to Missouri, Kansas, and the Great West. Trains also run regularly
between St. Louis and Dubuque, and St. Louis and Cairo, affordint: to trav-
elers from the South the most comfortable and expeditious facilities for
reaching all the principal points in the upper Missouri region." (See adv't.)
BABCOCK FIRE EXTINGUISHER.
The inventors and manufacturers of this invaluable apparatus for quench-
ing fire and preventing conflagrations, have placed within the reach of all
property owners the means of protecting themselves against disastrous losses
by fire, and thereby done an incalculable amount of good to the general
interest of all individuals and communities who may choose to avail them-
selves of the benefits to be derived from this important invention. The fol-
lowing extracts from the prospectus of the company, who control the .«ale of
these extinguishers in Chicago, will be interesting to the public generally:
" The Babcock Extinguisher is offered to the public, not as a means of
extinguishing large conflagrations, but of preventing them.
" Until the invention of this portable, self-acting fire engine, fires have
been met by means too slow, too late, and too cumbrous.
"The time occupied in sending for a common hand or steam-engine, and
getting it into working order, often proves fatal; and fires, which have an
insignificant beginning, often end in the most fearful calamities.^
'"A little fire is quickly put out, which, being suffered, rivers cannot
quench.'
"Water, super-saturated with carbonic-acid gas, generated in an air-tight
vessel, is the most simple and powerful means yet known to science for
destroying fire.
"Always ready, powerful, and prompt, this little engine is capable of
being used at any time, and in any place, and of thus subduing a fire at the
moment of its discovery, even when a fire is of an alarming extent, and at
the same time avoiding damage that would follow if water were u.-cd to
arrest its progress. ...
"Inexpensive; and so simple in its construction that the mere pulUng
of a knob puts it into full force and complete action.
"Harmless to life, health and property; always ready for instant sor^-ice.
though standing unused for years; so light that any person carries it without
hindrance to active exertion; entirely self acting and selt-propcUing. 8o that
all the person, carrying the machine, has to do is to direct the stream by
means ot- a flexible tube: containing within itself tlie power of a <^^';.'^»^-P'!">r;
"If it held its rightful rank in the public mind among the unities o the
day, it is not presum'ption to say it would be introduced loto ^-7.^^ d-^lin^..
shop, warehouse, store, railroad building, baggage car. and ve^^ol n the^ and
or on the water.' Thus a large proportion of the annual losses b> fire -u d
be saved, and our country enriched to the extent ot °^"^/ ^^/^^^^^^^
millions of dollars yearly. The experience of the past confirms our ia.th >n
its ultimate universal introduction." «•„„;„ Pnlnradn bv nro-
This extinguisher has already proved f^f^^J^^l^.^^'^r.^^^^^
venting, what must otherwise have been a destructive nrc 1
fall of 1870, caused by the ignition of a large quantity of coal oil, and
be in all our public buildings. (See adv t.)
426 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
ROPE MOLDINGS.
The peculiar moldings manufactured solely by Austin & Boyington, of
Chicago, by machinery invented and patented by one of the firm, are attract-
ing universal attention, and have become almost indispensable in modern
architecture, where ornate styles are adopted. They are very complete, both
in design and finish, and so perfect is the machinery used that it turns out
the work with great rapidity, completely finished and ready for use. We
visited the factory, and were astonished at the simplicity and excellence of
the machinery, which can do the work of scores of carvers more perfectly
than they could possibly accomplish the same. The extent of Messrs. Austin
& Boyington's establishment enables them to manufacture very largely, and
notwithstanding the fact that they are shipping large amounts of their work
to all parts of the country, East and West, they can fill orders promptly, and
without delay. As the moldings come from the machine they are perfectly
round, but can be split in any way that may be desired, which is done at the
factory without additional charge. This firm also manufactures bases, caps,
new and handsome spiral and ribbon and O. G. and plain moldings, ballus-
ters, newel posts, etc. To manufacturers, dealers, builders and contractors,
liberal discounts will be given, and samples furnished free of charge. (See
adv't.)
CHICAGO & ALTON RAILROAD.
We quote the following, in relation to this great avenue of travel, from
the Trade and Commerce of Chicar/o:
" By reference to a railroad map, it is apparent that the Chicago & Alton
road, with its numerous connections, opens up a most important and exten-
sive tract of country to the commerce of the world, one second to none in
either of these particulars. We may briefly capitulate an almost air line to
Denver, in Colorado, and intermediate points,.a ramified connection with the
whole of northwest and central Missouri, a direct line to San Antonio, in
Texas, and another to Galveston and the country lying beyond it, while its
more Eastern connections give the shortest and straightest routes to Mem-
phis and Jackson, and thence through the Southern States by two long arms
stretching to New Orleans and Mobile. The Chicago & Alton road is thus
not only one of the most important lines running from this city, but it is
really the only one which at once opens to us the commerce of those rapidly
developing sections, known as the South, West, and Southwest. AVith the
care and attention which uniformly marks the arrangements for moving both
passengers and freight, this line must always continue to be the favorite
among competitors."
Besides other advantages, it is the shortest through line between Kansas
City and Chicago, via the North Missouri and Chicago «& Alton railroads,
which are now in operation. The route is over the Chicago & Alton road,
through Bloomington and Jacksonville, leaving the Jacksonville division at
Iloodhoute, crossing the Missouri at Louisiana, and connecting with the North
Missouri road at Mexico. Elegant new day coaches and Pullman's magni-
ficent palace sleeping cars, with all the latest improvements, will be run
through between Kansas City and Chicago without change. For fast time,
comfort, safety and all the luxuries of travel, this new line will not be excelled
by any of its competitors. (See adv't.)
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 427
CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY RAILROAD.
The Western traveling public are so thoroughly well acquainted with the
management of this excellent avenue of travel, and have formed such a lavor-
able opinion of the line, that it is not necessary that we should call attention
to it or recommend it to persons who wish to make their way to Chicago and
the East, from Omaha, and the other western connections of this popular
road. However, we have traveled over this road and can vouch for its excel-
lent condition in every way, and the efficiency and politeness of all officials
connected with it. (See adv't.)
GARDEN CITY MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLY CO.
f" It is well known that the unparalelled growth of Chicago is mainly due to
her immense trade in these two important staples — lumber and grain. As
a natural consequence in this city there exists the greatest facilities for ship-
ping and handling these articles that modern science can afford. In this
connection we will only notice the lumber interest, and one of the leading
houses in the city engaged in this important trade — the Garden City Manu-
facturing Co. — of which that well known and reliable business man, A. C.
Hesing is president. A visit to the mill and dock of this company will well
repay the time and labor to all interested. The mill, on the corner of
Morgan and 22d streets, is among the largest in the West, and we may say
in the United States. The building is 400 feet in length, by IGO feet in
width, and occupies the whole block. In this there are fourteen machines
of the most improved construction for dressing lumber, which are capable of
working up from 170,000 to 200,000 feet of rough lumber daily. Besides
these, they have a full set of sash, door and blind machinery, which occupy
the west portion of the structure. The planing-mill proper is perfectly fire
proof, being built of brick and iron exclusively. We have no space to notice
fully the improved facilities for handling lumber in this establishment, but
can only notice a few of the most prominent. Among these is their manner
of loading lumber on cars. Their track is entirely under cover, thereby
enabling them to work at all times without interruption from storms, and
also securing seasoned lumber from damage by wet. The cars are loaded
from a platform raised to the level of the car floor, enabling workmen to
accomplish their task rapidly, and also preventing the splitting of wide
boards, which often follows the usual method of loading from the ground.
The shipping facilities are so extensive that fifty cars can be loaded at one
time, and, during the busy season, their business taxes the full capacity of
the establishment. They employ only the most experienced workmen, their
machinery is of the latest and most improved patterns, the active members
of the company have no superiors as lumbermen and business men, and.
altogether, the prompt and efficient manner in which they fill all orders,
recommends this company to the liberal patronage of the entire ^\ e.t-
which it is now receiving. It is impossible for us to specify all the advan-
tages this establishment has for supplying the wholesale trade of Colorado
and the entire great Northwest, but can safely assert tha they are not sur-
passed, and that a fair trial will convince all dealers of the truthluloess of
this assertion. (See adv't.)
28
428 ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
GOSS & PHILLIPS MANUFACTURING CO.
These well known pioneers in the business of manufacturing sash, doors
blinds and other wood work used in the finishing of buildings, have recently
effected a copartnership with Messrs. Moody & Church, whose factory, on
the corner of 22d and Fisk streets, is one of the largest in the city, and these
firms together form the Goss & Phillips Manufacturing Co., with Mr. Phil-
lips as president. They have possession of the factory on Fisk street,
also the old stand of Goss & Philips, on the corner of 12th and Clark streets,
where the principal ofl&ce is located. We copy the following from the Trade
and Commerce of Chicago^ which we fully endorse :
" They have adopted all the most modern appliances for turning out work
cheaply, expeditiously and well, for economizing human labor, and giving
security to the product. They have now an establishment of which a prince
might be proud; while taking the van in the matter of style and execution,
they have, in the two factories, a total working force which will be found
adequate to all the requirements of the trade, and enable them to fill the
numerous orders which their past business acquaintance and experience, and
the high satisfaction heretofore given, entitle them to anticipate from an
appreciative public." (See adv't.)
HARRIS' FIRE AND BURGLAR PROOF SAFE.
These superior safes are manufactured in Chicago, and are for sale at 62
South Canal street. They were first manufactured in Boston, and are still
known there as the Morse safe, and are more popular than any other. The
following extract will show how they are valued by the leading business men
of Chicago, and elsewhere:
"Among the many excellent safes now manufactured, none have ever
been placed more squarely upon its merits for popular favor, or ever came
out of all sharp or severe contests with greater honor than has the celebrated
Harris safe, which has been tested by the sharpest competition, and in the
hottest fires ever known in this country. People have everywhere been sur-
prised at the genius that could defy bolts, bars and intricate combinations,
and now when the popular verdict is given in favor of the Harris safe and
its Sargent and Greenleaf locks, it places its reputation for being the most
complete and reliable safe, beyond all question. We all remember the great
fire in Portland, Me., in 1866, and how in every instance the Morse, known
in the West as the Harris safes, came out of the ruins with their contents
as good as before they had been covered, in some cases, for five days beneath
the red-hot fires. Those of us who stood around the smoking ruins and saw
these safes raised seething hot, and opened, and then saw the contents as
good as new, needed no further recommendation. Since that time they have
become the most popular safe made, and are used in all the larger establish-
ments where safety from fire and burglars is desired. In Chicago, they are
used by Detective Allen Pinkerton, who has six of the largest sizes, with
double doors, in which he keeps the records of his office. They are also
used by the City Clerk, City Treasurer, Board of Public Works, Dane,
Westlake & Covert, and in the large establishment of J. V. Farwell & Co.,
and a hundred others of the same city." (See adv't.)
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 429
CHICAGO VISE AND TOOL CO.
This company has recently taken the establishment, Nos. 149, 151 and
153 Fulton street, near Halsted, and have made extensive changes and
improvements in the works, filling it with the very best of machinery, and
have secured the services of a number of thoroughly experienced workmen
from the celebrated establishment of Peter Wright, in England. They are
now manufacturing solid box vises, with best steel jaws, also blacksmiths'
bellows, picks, mattocks, hammers, sledges, crowbars, and machinists' and
miners' tools, and are prepared to fill any special order in the wrought-iroa
line. All of these goods are the very best articles offered — made in the best
manner, and of none but the best materials. They are warranted to wear
well, and will be found to be much the cheapest goods in the market, when
quality and cost are both taken into the account — their scale of prices being
as low as those of any reliable parties. Their vises, especially, are acknowl-
edged to be the best in the market, being stronger in the jaw, and fitted
with a larger screw than other manufacturers use for the same weight of
vise. We commend the firm to the patronage of the trade, to blacksmiths,
railroad companies, manufacturers of machinery, hardware dealers and min-
ers, satisfied that their manufactures are unequalled in the West, and will
give universal satisfaction. The firm also repair anvils and vises at moderate
prices, and warrant them equal to new ones. Not only the superior work-
manship and material used in manufticturing all goods in their line, but the
extent of their establishment, the promptness with which all orders are filled,
and the honorable dealings of the company entitle the Chicago Vise and
Tool Co. to what they are "already receiving — most liberal patronage. (See
advertisement and send for price list.)
WINES AND LIQUORS.
We would call the attention of Western buyers in the above goods, to
the firm of Esmay, Simmons & Co., importers and jobbers of foreign and
domestic Wines and Liquors, doing business at No. 17 Michigan avenue,
Chicago. The members of this firm, having been previously connected with
one of the oldest and most reliable houses in the above line for many years,
were consequently thoroughly posted in the trade, and with tlioir immen.us
business connections, formed for a long period and throughout all the W ext-
ern States and Territories, were prepared, immediately upon the iormation
of their co-partnership, to enter into a large and lucrative trade.^ J hey are
now occupying a large and excellently located store at No. 1 1 Michigan
avenue, which is stocked with a full and desirable line of spirituous ^..-ds
that cannot be surpassed in this or any Eastern city. 1 hc^- make a specialty
in fine goods. Their own brand of whiskies, known as L ^. A: U. s pure
Rye and Bourbon, is of a quality that cannot be excelled, either in purity
or flavor. Their Miner's whisky is an excellent brand tor the trade de.ig..ed^
This firm possess within themselves all the elen^ents ol ;"^:^;-7 = ""^J;^^^
the energy and capital necessary to ^l«rge trade, and their g-oc^s^a^^^^^^^^^^
as known will be their own best advertisers. Buyers throughout the \N e«t
who arrnoTalready acquainted with this firm, ^f^fV^J^ - ^J ^'m
own advantage, and their old customers will, no .^-^^ • ^e hapP> J >ee ihem
in their new and well appointed store, and examine the r argc and excoUent
stock of liciUOV^.-Chicago Journal o/ Commerce, ^ept. U, KSbb.
430 • ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
The business and stock of this house is still first-class in every way, and
their facilities for supplying the wholesale trade of the West, unsurpassed.
(See adv't.)
HEENEY & CAMPBELL.
These gentlemen, besides being large mauufacturers of all kinds of wood
work used in erecting and finishing buildings, are practical builders, and are
thoroughly conversant with every department of the business they are
engaged in. Their facilities for supplying the Western trade with every-
thing in their line, in large or small quantities, are unsurpassed, and the
promptness and efficiency which characterize all their business transactions,
as well as the superiority of their manufactured goods, entitle them to the
entire confidence of Western buyers. All orders by mail will receive prompt
attention, and buyers visiting Chicago should visit this establishment before
purchasing elsewhere. (See adv't.)
J. M. BRUNSWICK & BRO.
The superiority of the billiard tables manufactured by this firm is so
well known by the lovers of this beautiful game, that but little comment is
necessary from us. The material they use in the manufacture of their excel-
lent tables is chosen with the greatest care, and the workmen employed are
noted for skill and experience, and no expense or pains is spared in making
them as nearly perfect as possible. The peculiar advantages this firm has
for purchasing material used, their long years of experience in manufactur-
ing, and their extensive and well arranged factory, in which the most improved
machinery is used, enables Brunswick & Brother to place their tables in the
market at prices which defy competition. The well known high character
of the firm, for square dealing in every way, recommends them to purchasers
everywhere. (See adv't.)
SHORTEST ROUTE TO NEW YORK.
The Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago railway, running from Chi-
cago to Pittsburgh, in an almost air line, connecting with the Pennsylvania
Central railroad, forms the most attractive route to all Eastern towns and
cities. It affords to the traveling public two very important advantages,
which are shared by no other competing lines. It is the shortest all rail
route by sixty-one miles, connecting the West with the seaboard; and the
fact that passengers can go through the entire distance without intermediate
change, constitutes an especially inviting feature for families, or ladies travel-
ing alone.
Superadded to the manifest attractions of a gain of sixty-one miles in
linear distance (which insures to passengers via this route two hours quicker
time, at the same rate of speed, over all competing lines), are the magnifi-
cent Pullman Palace Cars on all trains of this route, and offer unsurpassed
accommodations to such as wish to enjoy, for an entire trip, the comfort of an
elegant parlor and the exclusive privacy of a sleeping apartment combined.
The conductors of these palace cars are polite and attentive, and accompany
the cars the entire distance. (See adv't.)
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER. 43^
NEVADA HOUSE.
This excellent hotel is entirely new, is furnished throughout in firsUclaas
style, conducted by a gentleman thoroughly conversant with hotel busineas
and IS centrally located. It is the purpose of the proprietor to give the
traveling public all the comforts and conveniences of a first-class hotel, at
moderate rates, and this he certainly accomplished fully. Mr. Hendrick is
ably aided in his laudable efforts in making the hotel a /tome, by his chief
clerk, who is a first-class business man, and courteous gentleman (See
adv't.) G • ^
U. S. QUARTER-MASTER SUPPLY STORE.
At this establishment, owned and conducted by Col. Lippincott, there is
kept constantly on hand an immense stock of tents, wagon covers, saddles and
harness of every description, blankets, men's clothing, boots, shoes and under-
wear, and an endless variety of articles which have all been manufactured for
the government, and sold by the quartermaster's department to Col. Lippin-
cott. We have examined the harness for sale, and find among the lot some
of the best artillery harness, entirely new, or not sufficiently worn to injure it
in the least; and also noticed the best McClellan saddles, and at prices less
than one-half of those usually asked by dealers. Parties in Colorado fitting
out expeditions, or colonists engaging in stock-raising and farming, can get a
complete outfit, including wagons, at this store, at less than one-half the usual
cost, and each article equally as valuable as any manufactured. (See adv't.)
C. J. L. MEYER.
The extensive establishment for the manufacture of doors, sa.shes and
blinds, owned by the above named gentleman, and located at Pond du Lac,
Wis., is one of the largest of the kind in the Northwest. The main factory
is a noble three-story structure, 200 feet by 100. There is, besides thi.«*. a
large building for the manufacture of goods specially ordered, and a three-
story warehouse, 126 feet by 66 feet, and a large shingle factory. These,
together with yards for storage of lumber, etc., cover no less than sixty acres
of ground. The machinery and appurtenances about the establishment are
in every way first-class, and, altogether, the facilities of Mr. Meyer for furn-
ishing an extensive trade are unsurpassed in the West. The Cliicago offices
and sales rooms are at 226 and 228 Lake street, and are in charge of >lr. F.
Linsenbarth, a thoroughly competent business man. This establishment
deserves what it receives — unlimited patronage. (See adv't.)
APPENDIX.
GILPIN COUNTY.
The following condensed statistics of the resources of this county will
be found interesting:
STAMP MILLS.
Total number 83
Total number of engincB 96
Total number of stamps 1,597
Total number of stamps running 863
Total number of horse power 3,485
Total number of horse power in use 1,361
HOISTING APPARATUS.
Total number of engines used 89
Total number of horse power 771
Total number of horse power used 342
CORDS OF FUEL USED.
In stamp-mills daily 136
In hoisting apparatus 34
The stamps in use crush annually about 178.500 tons.
Total daily freight arriving in county, about 149 tons. Average passen-
ger travel, 21 persons daily.
Bullion production for 1870, nearly 82.000,000, an average of nearly
$400 for each man, woman and child in the county.
Amount of freight received at Denver, by rail, marked for Gilpin county,
in 1870, 11,210,380 pounds. Merchandise purchased at Denver, 900,000
pounds.
Flour consumption, mostly from the valley in Colorado, 2,760,130 pounds.
Forage for animals, mostly from the valley, 7,318,250 pounds.
Total tax valuation of property (mining property and town lots not
included), §2,697,715. Improvements for 1870, 81,845,820. Total popu-
lation, about 5,500.
There are in the county, nine hotels, six church edifices, three public
school buildings, two foundries, two smelting works, one chlorine reduction
works, two newspapers. Six stages enter and leave Central daily.
APPENDIX. 433
COLORADO CENTRAL.
Since our chapter on railroads has been in press, the following have been
elected officers of this road. The well known financial ability, integrity and
enterprise of these gentlemen insure the rapid completion of thiiT road to
the mountain towns: H. M. Teller, Central, President; W. A. Loveland,
Grolden, Vice-President; W. Taft, Secretary and Treasurer.
CLEAR CREEK COUNTY.
The following, from the Miner, shows the bullion produced ore and
shipped from this county in 1870 :
Brown lode, 300 tons of ore treated at Brown mill $115,822 CO
Stewart Silver Reducing Co 81,141 95
Terrible Lode Mining Co, 99| tons, shipped to England 52,402 00
German Reduction Works 36,542 56
Gold produced in northern end of county 30,000 00
Baker Silver Mining Co 27,506 97
International Silver Mining Co 25,000 00
Clark & Crow, Terrible ore, shipped prior to April 1, 1870 24,000 00
Snow Drift and Silver Plume lodes, ores shipped to Newark, N. J., and
Swansea, Wales 10,530 00
Franklin mine, ore sold 10,000 00
Whale mill 2.000 00
Total $416,006 08
From statistics, gathered mostly from the iMiner, we find that there waa
$155,000 spent in building improvements in Georgetown in the year 1870;
that the taxable property of the county amounted to $1,100,112.08, in 1870,
against $666,330 in 1868.
Ocean Wave is the name given to a mining camp, which is assuming the
dignity of a town in the vicinity of the Equator mine and Marshall tunnel,
less than two miles above Georgetown, on the south branch of South Clear
creek. One has been added to its population in the natural way, and has
been given the romantic name applied to the village.
We learn Dr. Rae's works— the electrical process— are in succeslul ope-
ration, and that the results are entirely satisfactory to all interested
The weekly shipments of bullion from the Stewart & Rrown Reduction
Works alone, are over $12,000, coin value. The returns from other works
are also large, and, altogether, mining matters are very prosperous in the
''"'''The rush to the mountain towns this spring, of tourists and capitalists,
seeking investments in mining-^op^ty, is unprecedented and '"•*•;"'>''«
hotels It Idaho Springs and Georgetown are falling up rapidly; ^'"^ '>•; ' «^
accommodations are ample and unsurpassed in any country, and all MMtors
can be sure of comfortable quarters and excellent tare.
ARAPAHOE COUNTY.
Perhaps no portion of Colorado is gaining as rapidly |" FP^'^^^"; l^^^'^
season, as this county, and especially the Queen City of the plains. 1 he (juict
434 APPENDIX.
but vigorous growth of Denver in wealtli, business, importance and popula-
tion, is fully up to the expectations of the most sanguine, and not surpassed
by any other Western city. The completed and contemplated railroads make
her a business centre which cannot be rivalled west of the Missouri or east
of the Mountains, and the foresight of her capitalists, in inaugurating man-
ufacturing enterprises, will give her additional importance. Among the
manufacturing industries, already prominent, are the extensive woolen mills
in West Denver, and the carriage manufactory of Woeber & Co., also in West
Denver. This latter establishment turns out work equal in strength, dura-
bility and finish, to that of any Eastern manufactories, and has sufficient
capacity to supply a large trade.
The Denver Ale Brewery is also an establishment worthy of more than
passing note. The ale brewed here is as fine flavored and as good quality
as that of the best English or Eastern breweries, and is made from Colorado
barley. The proprietors of this establishment assure us that the malt from
Colorado barley is superior, and that shipments of this can be made to St.
Louis and other cities east of us, with profit.
DENVER THEATRE.
The citizens of Denver are especially a theatre-going and amusement-
loving people. The old Denver Theatre is an honored, and if anything in
this new country may be so termed, ancient institution. In the early days
of '59, a theatrical company, under the veteran manager, Charles Thome,
crossed the plains to Denver, engaged the building known as Apollo Hall,
and for one week gave a series of theatrical performances. The experiment
was pecuniarily a failure, and Mr. Thorne returned to the States, leaving the
company to winter in Denver, and give occasional exhibitions. The year
following, J. S. Langrishe arrived with his company, rented the hall previ-
ously occupied by the Thorne troupe, and played a successful season of eight
months. Subsequently, some parties, anxious to embark in the dramatic
business, and encouraged by the success of Mr. L., built the Platte Valley
Theatre, and opened it with a company from the East. This enterprise
proved unsuccessful, and the property was sold to Langrishe, who immedi-
ately took possession, and under the new title of the Denver Theatre, inaug-
urated a genuine temple of the drama, which has since been well sustained.
For three years, Mr. Langrishe was associated in partnership with Mr. J.
Dougherty, a favorite actor and genial gentleman, who died at Central City,
in 1865, much regretted by a wide circle of friends. About this time, Mr.
Langrishe purchased the Montana Theatre, at Central City, and has con-
ducted it, in connection with the Denver Theatre, up to this date.
BOULDER COUNTY
Is increasing in population very rapidly, this season. The great fertility of
her valleys, the immense coal measures near the foot-hills, and the great
mineral wealth in the mountains, have justly attracted the attention of col-
onists, and these are coming in rapidly and engaging actively and energetic-
ally in developing her great resources. Besides having, within her borders,
the richest silver-mining district in Colorado, and a great number of gold
APPENDIX. 435
mines well-developed, there is, this spring, considerable excitement over the
recent discovery of a rich belt of gold lodes, in Four Mile canon, of unusual
promise.
In view of the increasing business of the county, a bank is about to be
established in Boulder City; and, altogether, the future prospects of this
county are particularly bright.
THE PRESS.
That power which shapes the destinies of nations, and dictates failure or
success to all enterprises, is ably represented in Colorado. The daily and
weekly journals of this new country will compare favorably with those of
older sections East, and they are generally liberally sustained.
To the press of Colorado we are largely indebted for our present success,
and cannot finish our arduous labors without making suitable acknowledg-
ment; and first to the Denver News^ the pioneer journal of the Territory,
which promptly aided and encouraged us in our legitimate effort to advance
Colorado interests, we are especially indebted. John L. Daily, then one of
the editors and proprietors of this journal, was the first in the Territory to
bid us God-speed in our arduous undertaking. Wm. N. Byers, formerly of
the firm of Byers & Daily, and now editor and proprietor of the News, and
his associate editor, W. R. Thomas, Esq., have also, at all times, given us val-
uable aid and generous encouragement. These have our grateful acknowl-
edgments and sincere thanks. Messrs. Woodbury & Walker, editors and
proprietors of the Tribune, have also afforded us material aid, by liberally
advertising our work and explaining to the public its scope and importance.
In return, we make suitable acknowledment, and tender honest and hearty
thanks. 0. J. Goldrick, Esq., editor and proprietor of the Rocky Mountain
Eerald, though not in the advance ranks of the supporters of the Gazet-
teer, has been a reliable reserve, and wheeled his fresh and dashing roUnnn*
into line in time to do us good service, for which we are ever gratetul.
Prominent among those who have been steadfast friends and earnest and
able supporters of our work, are D. C Collier, Esq., one of the editors and
proprietors of the Central City Register, and Samuel Cu.shman, his associaUJ
editor. These were not slow to note the value and importance of the (gazet-
teer, and at an early day predicted our present growth and success, and
have done all in their power to make these a certainty. Beside public ser-
vice, we are indebted to these gentlemen for personal courtesies, whicb are
kindly remembered and gratefully acknowledged. ^ , s ,• j
To Thomas J. Campbell, Esq., (always generous to a fault) editor and
proprietor of the Colorado Herald, of Central, Judge Baker, who was the
able leading editor of this journal, when our 7'^^^^°"'"'';°;'f V^^tlTlo
Fossett, Esq., the present editor, we are also argely '"^^^btod ^ r valua^^^^
assistance hom first to last, and offer sincere thanks ^^^ -:Uowl dgmcnU^
To "Frank" we are under personal obligations lor unusual ^J^^^''; ^^^ «^^
ful remembrances of which will ever fill the coziest f'^^'l.^lj^'^^l^^^^^
Away up the valley of South Clear creek, at the base of towering moont-
ains, nesLs the beautiful young city of Georgetown, the home ot the Miner.
436 APPENDIX.
a journal devoted to the advancement of the mining interest of the Terri-
torj. Its editor and proprietor, A. W. Barnard, was among the first editors
to place his columns at our disposal. His mining editor, Stephen Decatur,
Esq., an earnest and able supporter of all enterprises having for their object
the advancement of Colorado mining interests, has rendered us efficient ser-
vice, and has our grateful thanks and acknowledgments.
To B. F. Napheys, Esq., the local editor of the Miner, we and the public
are indebted for many important statistics and a valuable article on the
present resources of Summit county. Mr. Napheys is an experienced jour-
nalist and practical miner, and does his district good service.
From George West, Esq., editor and proprietor of the Transcript, an
ably conducted and flourishing weekly, published at Golden City, Messrs.
Lambert & Co., editors and proprietors of the Pueblo Chieftain, a "chief"
among Colorado weeklies, and J. B. Smith, Esq., editor and proprietor of
the Trinidad Enterprise, an enterprising weekly journal, which ably advo-
cates the agricultural interests of the southern counties, we have received
generous encouragement and support, and return sincere thanks.
Across our southern borders, in our neighboring Territory, New Mexico,
A. B. Sullivan, Esq., of the Daily Santa Fe Post, and Messrs. Manderfield
& Tucker, of the Daily Neii: Mexican, have taken a lively interest in the suc-
cess of our exhibit of Colorado resources, and we take this means of making
suitable acknowledgment.
The Boulder Neics, at Boulder City, and the Tribune, at Greeley, are
ably conducted journals, devoted to the advancement of Colorado interests.
MOUNTAIN RANCHES.
We have frequently referred, in this work, to the fertility of the soil of
the mountain valleys and parks of Colorado. Actual experiments have
proven that this soil produces large yields of the hardier cereals, vegetables
and hay, and that the cultivation of these is a profitable industry.
The yield of potatoes on Hall & Banta's ranch, in Elkhorn gulch, aver-
ages over 200 bushels per acre, and that of other vegetables is proportionately
large. In 1869 these gentlemen sold over $19,000 of produce, from 62
acres under cultivation, besides supplying two families and the laborers
requisite to do the work of the ranch. The land of this ranch is easily
cultivated, and, notwithstanding its elevation, nearly 9,000 feet above sea-
level, the season is sufficiently long for all vegetables to mature, and the loss
from frosts is trifling.
Wm. Queen, one of the pioneer miners of the Territory, owns an ad-
joining ranch, which he is cultivating with equal success. Mr. Queen
expects to have over 50 acres under cultivation this season, and his prospects
for a large yield are excellent. We visited both of these ranches in the fall
of 1870, and examined vegetables and cereals grown away up among the
higher ranges of foot-hills; which cannot be surpassed in size, quality or
yield, in any of the prairie or valley regions of the country. The soil is
prepared for cultivation without any unusual expense. We observed on
Mr. Queen's ranch the process of "breaking" new land, which was done
APPENDIX. 437
with two pairs of oxen, and a plow with shifting mould-board adapted to
side-hill plowing. The soil is peculiarly rich, free from weeds, and not un-
usually rocky. We visited also, in the fall of 1870, Hill's ranch, in Grand
Island District, Boulder county. This is one of the largest in the mountains,
and its location is remarkable for the beauty and grandeur of its surround-
ings. It is on the North Boulder, about four miles from Caribou City, and
includes in its limits Grand Island, a remarkably beautiful island mountain,
which gives its name to this mining district. The valley of the Boulder, at
this point, forms a beautiful park, nearly one-half mile in width, which is
clothed, in its natural state, with luxuriant grasses and flagrant flowering
plants. At present the greater part of this is under cultivation, and the hay
and vegetables produced yield an income of over 85,000 yearly to its fortu-
nate possessors, besides all cost of tillage, etc. Mr. Hill says he is satisfied
that winter wheat can be grown successfully here, and intends to make the
experiment.
Orvis' ranch, Jones' ranch, and De Land's ranch, all in Boulder county,
and none of them more than five miles distant from Caribou City, are also
beautiful valleys with rich soil, which produce largely. The proprietors of
these find the business of raising hay and vegetables extremely profitable,
and never have any serious losses from frosts or storms.
Besides Hall & Banta's and Queen's ranches, in Gilpin county, there are
many others equally as productive — among these, Hickox's, Cochran's and
Connor's, all near the above and beautifully located. All the other moun-
tain counties have numerous ranches under successful cultivation, but space
forbids further descriptions.
TUNNELS.
In our chapter on Practical Mining we referred to the system of niining
by tunnels. We will notice, briefly, a few of the tunnel enterprises in ( olo-
rado which promise well. . , ,
The Quartz Hill Tunnel Company, who are running a tunnel under
Quartz Hill, near Central, Gilpin county. Its length is about <>00 ieet;
several veins cross; good prospects. This is entirely a Colorado enter-
prise. The following are the officers: President, C.Nuckols; \ ^^^f'fj;''
William Jones; Secretary, H. Jacob Kruse; Treasurer Herman H- "^ «e •
The Burleigh Tunnelling Company, of which Charles Burh«.gh is 1 resi-
dent and Genl^ral Superintendent, and Henry A. ^ill-s. ^eoro ary and
Treasurer, has done more, perhaps, than any f ^;^,,7"'P'^"V/ "'^ ~
illustrate the advantages of tunnel mining. A ful history of ^^^"/^^^^^ ^^
the company is given^n our chapter oo Practical Mining. The on.pany
was organized in 1868, in Fitchburg, Mass., with ^. ;^^P'^^'/^^ .f^'bove
They Tre driving a tunnel in Sherman ^^^^^f^'^V^^^thTMhe President
true fissure veins penetrate our mountains to great depths, and cont.nae to
bear rich mineral deposits.
438 APPENDIX.
In Griffith mining district many other tunnel enterprises have been
inaugurated, backed by large capital and conducted by efficient miners and
business men — among them the Marshal tunnel, in Leavenworth mountain;
the Nash tunnel, also in Leavenworth mountain, on the west slope; the
Helmic tunnel, Leavenworth mountain, south slope; the American, Douglas,
Montezuma, Hiawatha, Alvarado, and many others.
A tunnel-mining enterprise of considerable magnitude, having at its
head Mr. Anker, of Denver, has been started for the purpose of fully
developing some of the richest mines in Leavenworth mountain, Grriffith
district — the most prominent of these, the Tom Thumb, Argentine, Peep o'
Day, Creole, Troy, and H. P. Rhoades. They have started two tunnels —
the Faughn and Croston. The location of these are well chosen, and,
without doubt, the Anker Silver Mining and Tunnel Company will develop
some of the richest mines in the Territory, and have well-merited success.
0. K. SILVER LODE.
By an oversight, a description of this valuable mine was omitted in our
description of the lodes of Clear Creek county. It is located on Leaven-
worth mountain, Griffith district. It was discovered in 1865, by Wm. B.
Rockwell & Co., and is owned by Wm. B. Rockwell, S. M. and H. C. Cowles,
and others. It is well developed by shafts and tunnels, and has yielded ores
of unusual richness — mostly sulphurets of lead, zinc and silver. The highest
assay, from first-class ores, is S7,000; the mill value of a greater portion of
the ore is over §1,000. Judge Cowles, one of the proprietors of the lode, is
a pioneer of the country, and a successful prospecter and miner. He believes
the 0. K. Silver to be one of the richest deposits of silver ores in the
district.
PUEBLO.
A court-house, to cost §17,000, is to be erected at once. The Denver «&
Rio Grande railway will reach this point during the summer. The pros-
pects of this portion of southern Colorado look bright.
PIKE'S PEAK
Is a new town on the line of the Denver & Rio Grande railway, seventy-six
miles south of Denver. It is appropriately named, and will soon num-
ber its population by hundreds. A large hotel is being constructed and
other improvements contemplated by the above railway company.
APPENDIX. 439
MINES AND MINING.
Unusual activity prevails in all the old mining districts this season, and
the amount of ore taken out and bullion shipped, thus far this season, far
exceeds any other since the earlier days of mining enterprises. Prospecting
is also receiving more than ordinary attention. The unexplored regions
south are attracting most notice, and numerous parties are fitting out at
Central and Georgetown, who will push their search for the precious metals
far beyond the limits of all old mining districts, and will, no doubt, make
many valuable discoveries. We have also good reasons to assure miners
that reduction works, capable of treating low grade ores profitably to miners
and reducers, and of sufficient capacity to be a real benefit to the country,
will be constructed immediately. Truly, there is a bright future for the new
State of Colorado.
"OLD SULPHUKETS."
To furnish an item of history interesting to all, and to do justice to this
pioneer prospecter and miner, able journalist and genial gentleman, who is
BO well and favorably known under the cognomen of "Old Sulphurets," we
will state that the first ruby silver ever taken out of a mine in Colorado, was
from the Anglo-Norman, a valuable lode in Peru district. Summit county,
by Stephen Decatur, the present editor of the Miner, Georgetown. The
mass weighed seven pounds, and was almost pure. This was in the spring
of 1866.
440
APPENDIX.
ERRATA— DENVER DIRECTORY.
A LLEN H. L.
Anderson E. T. merchant, bds. People's
restaurant
Anderson T. G.
Andrews Geo. A. miner, bds. Charpiot's
BALL J. J. T. gen. agt. U. P. Ry.
office, cor. G and Blake
Bacon L. W. farmer, r. Cherry creek
Baldwin William F.
Beaman's Varieiies, People's Theatre,
Lawrence
Bergen J. S.
Bigney T. 0. (S. S. Wallihan & Co.),
publisher Rocky MorNTAiN Directory
AND Colorado Gazetteer, oflBce, Clay-
ton's blk.
Blodgett G. W.
Bradley (Rogers, Bradley & Co.),
commission and forwarding merchant,
HoUaday, nr. F
Bramer C.
Bucklin William C. (Bucklin & Clark),
grocer, cor. F and Larimer
Brooks 0. general insurance agent, office,
370 Larimer
piAMERON WILLIAM
Camp Z. M. prop, fruit stand and patent
nut roaster, Larimer, nr. F
Casper C. dry goods merchant, 356
Larimer
Chain & McCartney (J. A. Chain and J.
McCartney), booksellers and^ music
dealers, Larimer, nr. G
Chain J. Albert (Chain & McCartney),
bookseller, etc. Larimer, nr. G
Cochran Shipley, machinist, Halleck's
planing mill
Cook R. G. speculator, r. cor. Sixth and
Ferry
Cook W. P.
Cole L. A. prop. Cole's blk. office, Cole's
blk. Larimer
Cole William
Conlevan J.
Crow Henry, capitalist, etc. bds. cor. E
and Arapahoe
Culwell E. H.
DAVIS A. B. supt. agencies Conti-
nental Life Insurance Co. bds.
American House
Davis Edward, with P. Warner, 189 F
Dillon J. T. (Willoughby & Dillon), prop.
United States Brick Machine, office,
G, bet. Larimer and Lawrence
Dobie , portrait painter, bds. Broad-
well House
E
ASTMAN F. S.
Eicholz L. H. contractor and capitalist,
bds. American House
FISHER, PUTNAM & BULLEN, life
insurance agts. HoUaday, nr. F
Fireng J. Phil.
/BATTING G. C.
Gilden J. C.
Griffin James V.
Green D. S. pres. Southwestern Colony
HALSTEAD JAMES Mrs. milliner,
Larimer, bet. G and H
Harvey E. N.
Harding S. W. physician, r. California,
bet. E and F
Harper Joseph
Hill A. B. (J. W. Horner & Co.), real
estate broker, 368 Larimer
Holbrook H. R. chief engineer, B. V. Ry.
Holmes J. W.
Holly W. agt. Chicago-Colorado Colony
Horton C. H.
Humphrey J. F.
Hewton W. M. clerk, with W. T. Osgood
Haggerty & McTaggart, merchant tailors,
Larimer, nr. F
TASPER A. T.
James P. W.
Johnson J. R.
Johnson B. F. real estate agt. office, 356
Larimer
TT^IMBALL GORDON
Killigan Joseph
Kuse L.
Kuhlhern J. H.
LADD W. B. prop. Bell House, West
Denver
Lamann J.
Little E. L. furniture dealer, Larimer,
bet. G and H
APPENDIX.
441
MATTHEWS A. E. artist, bds. Ameri-
can House
Maginn John
McCartney James (Chain & McCartney),
bookseller, etc. Larimer, nr. G
McCowes G.
McCullough , (Merriman & McCul-
lough), sewing machine^ agt. office,
Larimer, nr. G
McNamara John
Mersereau P.
Milhelm John
Mills George, printer, News office
Morgan D. B.
Morse B.
Mowbray R. W. dental surgeon, G,[opp.
Denver Theatre
Murdoch W. B. real estate dealer, bds.
Broadwell House
"VTEIRS PETER
/~\BERKIRCHER VALENTINE
PATTERSON C. B. (J. W. Horner &
Co.), real estate broker, 368 Larimer
Pepper Geo. W. conductor, C. C. Ry.
r. Golden
Petine J. M.
Powers E. H. (Belden & Powers), attor-
ney at law, office, Clayton's bldg.
Pratt L. D.
RAYMOND WM. attorney at
office, Larimer, bet. E and F
Reiche J. S.
Roberts W. W.
Robinson W. F. printer. News office
Ryan Milton
law,
SALISBURY LEROY, with J. Clough &
Co. 356 Larimer
Sands J.
Sargent R. G. (Sargent & Trimble), flour
and feed merchant. Newt blk.
Schuyler James D.
Shaw J. B. real estate dealer, bds. Ameri-
can House
SliepherdJ. B. general freight and ticket
agt. C. C. lly. bds. American House
Shireley A.
Sierra Henry, clerk, with H. W. Michael
&Co.
Skiler Perry
Steele H. K. physician and surgeon,
office, 356 Larimer, r. cor. G and Stout
Stevenson Mary Mrs. cigar and tobac-
co dealer, Larimer, nr. F
Strander A.
Stone C. A. (Stone Bros.), lumber mer-
chants, r. Lawrence, bet. E and F
Stone C. B. (Stone Bros.), lumber mer-
chants, r. Lawrence, bet. E and F
T
ANG FEE, tea dealer, 192 F
Thompson A. Z. cattle dealer, bds. Tre-
mont House
Treadway J. R.
Tyron E. J.
WATERBURY G. L. general agent
Continental Life Insurance Co.
office, Feuerstein's blk.
Wessell Peter C.
Williams W. H. physician and surgeon,
office, McCool's bldg. bds. Hatten
House
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
* Corrections.
ARCHITECT.
*Owens T. M. office, cor. G and Larimer
ARTISTS.
Dobie
Matthews A. E.
ARTISTS' MATERIALS.
(Dealers in.)
Chain & McCartney, Larimer, nr. G
AUCTIONEER.
Morrison R. H. 368 Larimer
BOOKSELLERS.
Chain & McCartney. Larimer, nr. G
BREWERIES.
*City Brewery, Chas. Scbrebor, prop.
Highland
♦Colorado Brewery, M. Sigi, prop. cor.
San Luis and Larimer
442
APPENDIX.
BUILDERS.
•*Cramer & Nyce, cor. L and Lawrence
BUTCHER.
*Block , cor. H and Arapahoe
CARRIAGES.
(Dealer in.)
♦Estabrook J. H. HoUaday, nr. G
CHEMICALS.
(Dealers in.)
*Steinhauer & Walbrach, 32 Blake and
381 Larimer
CIGARS.
(Dealers in.)
Stevenson Mary Mrs. 367 Larimer
*Walker W. S. & Co. 378 Larimer
CLERGYMEN.
Bliss T. E. Rev. (Congregational), First
Congregational church, cor. F and
Curtis
*Machebeuf J. P. (Catholic), Bishop of
Colorado and Utah
COMMISSION MERCHANT.
*Warner P. 194 F
CONTRACTOR.
Eicholz L. H.
COOKING RANGES.
(Dealers in.)
Livingston & Schram, 351 Lftrimer
COPPERSMITHS.
Livingston & Schram, 851 Larimer
DENTIST.
Mowbray R. W. office, G, opp. Theatre
DRAFTSMEN.
Bonsall J. H. cor. E and Larimer
Kellogg E. H. cor. E and Larimer
DRESSMAKER.
*Leonard N. E. Mrs. Blake, bet. G and H
DRY GOODS.
(Dealer in.)
Casper C. 356 Larimer
ENGRAVERS.
Cowing A. 374 Larimer
Hense & Gottesleben, 364 Larimer
FRUIT DEALERS.
Camp Z. M. Larimer, nr. F
Warner F. 194 F
FLOUR AND FEED.
(Dealers in.)
MiUer J. A. & Co. 51 Blake
FANCY GOODS.
(Dealers in.)
Chain & McCartney, Larimer, nr. Q
FURNITURE.
(Dealer in.)
Little E. L. Larimer, bet. G and H
HARD'WARE.
(Dealers in.)
Livingston & Schram, 351 Larimer
INSURANCE COMPANIES.
Davis A. B. supt. Continental Life
Fisher, Putnam & BiiUen, life insure
ance, office, HoUaday, nr. F
LUMBER.
(Dealers in.)
Stone Brothers, office. Red Barn, F
MILLINER.
Halstead James Mrs. Larimer, bet. O
and H
MOLDINGS AND FRAMES.
(Dealers in.)
Chain & McCartney, Larimer, nr. G
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.
(Dealers in.)
Chain & McCartney, Larimer, nr. G
NEWS AGENTS.
Chain & McCartney, Larimer, nr. G
PHOTOGRAPHER.
*Chamberlain W. G. cor. F and Larimer
PERFUMERY.
(Dealers in.)
Chain & McCartney, Larimer, nr. G
PHYSICIANS.
Steele H. R. office, 356 Larimer
Williams W. H, office, 358 Larimer
REAL ESTATE AGENTS.
Johnson B. F. office, 356 Larimer
Murdoch W. B.
Shaw J. B.
SERVING MACHINES.
(Agents for.)
Merriman & McCullough, office, Lari-
mer, nr. G
TAILORS.
Haggerty & McTaggart, Larimer, nr. F
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
P. W. Gates, President.
Ralph Gates, Sec. and Treas.
|agle forkl |aiiifictoin| jo.
OFFICE, 48 CANAL ST.,
CHICAGO,
ILLINOIS.
,^0PKS ^^^UHl^r^
^^Oi
"^^x
h
^
ZlSi w
ItAirrFACTTmE portable and STATIOXAIiV
ffi#>ll
^m^m^
STAMP MILLS, ROCK BREAKERS.
3Iiiiiii^ Pumps, 3Iiuin? 3Iacliiiiery,
Sugar Cane Mills, Evaporators, Monitor Brick Machine, Lathes, Planers. Drills. Screw
Cutters, Hay Presses, Saw Mills, Flour Mills and Mill Furnishing.
W. L
Mabbs
L. Ch.sk, Gen. Ag't New York City. S"^^^,";,',^ A%'"sS-t':ndZ\,sh
BBS & Bro., Ag'ts, Lake Superior. ^ D. R. JRazer, ass i ^ui i •»
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
CHICAGO BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
ADVERTISING AGENT.
Williams Cliarlos R. general agt. for
I'lCHWY MdlNTAIN lilRKCTORY AM)
Colorado Gazetteer. Orders Bolic-
iled, 601 Wentworth av.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLE-
MENTS.
(M:iiiuf:icturer8 of.)
Bradley & Banks, 40 and 48 W. LaKe
(see adv't )
Easier J. D. & Co. 68 S. Canal
PURST &, BRADLEY,
M.'tnufacturers of
i
Sulky Rakes, Railroad Scrapers,
And other
Agricultural Implements,
56 to 70 North Jefferson St.
j
ANNUNCIATORS. j
Porter H. B. 87 Randolph (see adv't) |
ANVILS. !
Chicago Vise and Tool Co. 149 to 153 I
Fulton (see adv't)
ARTIFICIAL LEGS AND
ARMS.
Gardner J, E. room 15 Post OiBce blk. i
(see iidv'i) j
ASSAYER.
3lariuer G. A. 131 Dearborn j
AUCTION COMMISSION I
MERCHANTS. \
Butters W. A. & Co. 5 Randolph |
Gore Geo. P. & Co. 22 R.andolph
AWNINGS.
Hubbard Gilbert & Co. 205 and 207
S. Water (see adv't)
AXLE GREASE.
Frazer Lubricator Co. 10 State
Chase, Hanford & Co. 51 S. Water
BANK LOCKS.
Harris S. H. ^0 and G2 S. Canal (see
adv't)
BANK NOTE ENGRAVERS.
C. KxicKERBOCKER, ?fc. C. C. CHENEY, Treas.
WESTERN
Bank Dote and [ngraving Co.
STEEL PLATE
ENGRAVING AND LITHOGRAPHY,
Cor. La Salle and Randolph Streets,.
CHICAGO, ILL.
Stoc^ Certificates, Letter and Bill Eeadings, Draft:,
Checis, etc.
BANK VAULTS AND DOORS
(Mauufacturtrs ■■t.)
Harris S. H. 60 and 62 S. Canal (see
adv't)
Letz k. Co. Chicago Iron Works, 84 to
92 Franklin (see adv't)
BANKERS.
Lunt, Preston & Kean. 47 Clark
Shipherd Jacob R. & Co. 155 and 157
La Salle, Chicago, and 24 Pine, New-
York
Smith Geo. C. & Bro. 92 La Salle
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
Z. S. MASTIN.
W. I'. I,. KUSSELL.
CHICAGO VISE AND TOOL CO.
MANUFACTURERS OF
X Tls^e
<!
bi
bd
tr*
tr*
o
t/i
149, 151 and 153 Fulton Street,
€'MMA&&, ' ' ILLINOIS.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
BELL HANGERS.
Porter H. B. 87 Randolph (see adv't)
BELTING.
(Mauufacturers ofr)
Bacon Bros. & Co. 40 La Salle
Wliitniar.sh W. H. 102 Lake
BILLIARD TABLES.
(Manufacturers of.)
E. BRUNSWICK,
MANUF.^CTCRER OP
Direct Importer of Cloth, Balls, Etc.,
AND DEALER IN
All Materials Connected with the Trade,
No. 13 liA SALLE STRKET,
BETWEEN LAKE AND WATER,
BRASS GOODS.
The Crane Bros. Works, 10 N. Jeffer-
son (see adv't)
BRIDGE BUILDERS.
American Bridge Co. 157 La Salle
Wells, French & Co. 92 Dearborn
CARRIAGES.
(Manufacturers of.)
Bro"wn Thomas H. Novelty Carriage
Works, 44 Adams (see adv't)
Coan & Ten Broeke Carriage Mnfg. Co.
67 Adams
Pennoyer & Co. 178 Wabash av.
Willetts H. cor. State and Twelfth
CIGARS;
(Wholesale tlealers in.)
Case S. S. & Co. 149 S. Water
Tansill R.W. 45 & 47 River (see adv't)
COIL, CRANE AND CABLE
CHAINS.
Hubbard Gilbert & Co. 205 and 207
S. Water (see adv't)
PJ 0. Box 6038.
Chicago, 111. i COTTON AND FLAX DUCK.
Brunswick J. M. k Bro. 47 and 49
State (see adv"t )
Kleemann R. k Co. (Phelan & CoUender
patent), 143 to 149 Randolph
BLACKSMITHS' BELLOWS.
(Mannfactnrers ot.i
Chicago Tise and Tool Co. 149 to 153
Fulton (see adv't)
BLANK BOOK MANUFAC-
TURERS & STATIONERS.
Culver., Page & Hojue, 118 and 120
Monroe
Middleton J. W. 145 Dearborn
Smeal, Rebanks & Co. 84 Dearborn
BOOKSELLERS AND STA-
TIONERS.
The Western News Co. 121 and 123 State
BOOTS AND SHOES.
(Wholesale dealers in.)
Doggett, Bassett & Hills, 29 Lake
Goldman Bros. 43 Lake
Henderson C. M. & Co. 76 Wabash av.
BRASS FOUNDERS.
Western Star Metal Co. 17 S. Canal
Wolff L. 109 W. Lake
Hubbard Gilbert k Co. 205 and 207
S. Water (see adv't)
COTTON AND HAY PRESSES
Banks W. H. 4G and 48 W. Lake (see
adv't)
COTTON BELTING AND
MINING HOSE.
Hulibard Gilbert k Co. 205 and 207
S. Water [see adv't)
CROWBARS & MATTOCKS.
Chicago Tise and Tool Co. 149 to 153
Fulton (see adv't)
DIRECTORY.
Rocky Mountain Directory and Colo-
rado Gazetteer, Charles R. Williams,
general agent for Chicago, St. Louis,
and the Eastern States, 601 Went-
worth av. Chicago
DOORS, SASH AND BLINDS.
(Manufacturers of.)
Goss k Phillips Manufacturing Oo.
cor. Clark and Twelfth fsee adv't)
Meyer C. J. L. 226 and 228 Lake (see
adv"t)
Palmer, Fuller & Co. cor. Union and
W. Twenty-second (see adv't)
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER,
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
DRUGGISTS.
(Wholesale.)
Fuller & Fuller, 22 Market
Hurlbut & Edsall, 32 Lake
Van Schaack, Stevenson & Reid, 90 Lake
DRY GOODS.
(Wholesale dealers in.)
Bowen, Hunt & Winslow, 15 and 17
Randolph
Farwell J. V. & Co. 10(3 to 112 Wabash
av.
Field, Leiter & Co. cor. State and Wash-
ington
Hamlin, Hale & Co. cor. Wabash av. and
Washington
ENGINES & STAMP MILLS.
Ea^lc Works Mniiiifacliiriii^' Co. JS
S. Canal (.see adv'tj
FARM MACHINERY.
Bradley k Jiaiik.s, 46 and JS W. Lake
(see adv'tj
Easter J. D. & Co. 08 S. Canal
Furst & Bradley, 56 to 70 N. Jeflferson
EIRE EXTINGUISHER.
BabfOtk I-iroKxliniLriiiNlior, 122 Wash-
ington (see adv't)
FLAGS.
H«l)l)ar(l Gillurt & (O. 205 and 207
S. Water (see adv't)
FURNITURE.
(Manufacturers )
Andrews A. H. & Co. Ill State
Gilbert k Sampson, 113 State
Hale A. L. & Bro. 10 N. Canal
Thayer & Tobey Furniture Co. 87 State
GAS FITTERS' SUPPLIES.
The Crane Bros. Works, 10 N. Jeflfer-
son (see adv'tj
GENTS' FURNISHING
GOODS.
Ely Edward, dealer in best quality
shirts, collars, cuffs, and staple neck-
wear, 3 W'ashington (see adv't)
GOVERNMENT GOODS.
Government Goods Depot, 190 W'ashing-
ton (see adv't)
GROCERS.
(Wholesale.)
Day, Alien & Co. 34 and 36 Randolph
Farrington, Brewster & Co. 1 Randolph
Orannis & Farwell, 19 and 21 Ran-
dolph
McKindley, Gilchrist & Co. 79 S. "Water
HARDWARE.
(Wholesale Dealers in)
At water & Barstow, 175 Randolph
Boal, Andrews k Cook, 98 Michigan
av.
Hall, Kimbark & Co. 82 Michigan av.
Markley, Ailing & Co. 51 Lake
HARDWOOD LUMBER.
Hat eh, Holbrook k Co. 265 Archer av.
(see adv't)
HARNESS AND SADDLERY.
(^Manufacturers of.)
Government Goods Depot, 190 Washing-
ton (see adv't)
HAY AND COTTON PRESSES
Banks "\V. H. 46 and 48 W. Lake (see
adv't)
HOISTING MACHINES.
Reedy J. W. proprietor and builder of
Reedy's Patent Hoisting Machines, 83
and 85 Illinois
HORSE NAILS.
!North western Horse Xail Co. Clinton,
cor. Van Buren
HOTELS.
Nevada Hotel, Washington, cor. Frank-
lin (see adv'tj
Sherman House, Clark, cor. Randolph
Tremont House, Lake, cor. Dearborn
HOTEL ANNUNCIATORS.
Porter II. B. 87 Randolph (.«ee adv't)
IRON FOUNDRIES.
Chicago Iron Works, Letz & Co.
props. 84 to 92 Franklin (see adv't)
Collins & Burgie, Jefferson, cor. Van
Buren
Ford David M. 50 W. Washington
Gardner & Eddy, 76 Illinois.
IRON FRONTS.
Letz k Co. Chicago Iron Works, 84 to
92 Franklin (see adv't)
IRON RAILINGS.
Bolter A. Wells, cor. Van Buren
Letz k Co. Chicago Iron Works, 84 to
92 Franklin (see adv't)
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
GEO. F. LETZ.
W-"»t. H. CHENOWETH.
AUG. GABEIKIi.
CI3:iG^C3-0
EST^BLXSHEID IIsT 13-3=3.
LETZ & CO.5 Proprietors,
©4 to 9:2 Soutlx I^i-aiililiii ^ti-eot.
OMlCACSf MMdm
Manufacturers of Iron Fronts for buildings. Bank Vaults and Doors, Jail Doors
and Cells, Iron Fencing, Grating, Shutters Bolts, Window Caps and Sills, and Iron
"Work of every description.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
IRON AND STEEL.
Jones & Langrhlin, 40 River
Ryerson J. T, 220 S. Water
IVORY GOODS.
G. G. THOMAS,
Turner and Dealer in
I'VOIE^'^!
63 Clark Street,
P.O.Box S Cor. Eandolph. opp. > PTTTP.\r:n
3649. ( the Sherman House, S VyUlU-\uu.
BILLIARD, POOL AND BAGATELLE BALLS,
TEN PIN BALLS AND PINS,
Cues, Leathers, (lialk aud Checks,
Of New and Fancy Patterns.
CANES made to order, and repaired
in tiie best manner, ft^ Lignum-vita",
Boxwood and Ebony for sale.
Balls Re-Turned and Stained.
g^*" Martingale, Whip, Umbrella and
I'arusul Handles.
JAIL DOORS AND CELLS.
Lelz <& Co. Chicago Iron Works, 8-1 to
it2 Franklin (seeadv't)
LEAD PIPE AND SHEET
LEAD.
Blatchford E. ^\. k Co. 7o X. Clinton
LINSEED OIL.
(Miinufacturcrs of.)
Blatohford E. Vi. k Co. 70 N. Clinton
LIQUORS.
(Wholesale Dealers in.)
Esmay, Simmons & Co. 1" Michigan
av. (see adv't)
LITHOGRAHERS.
C. Knickekbockeb, Sec. C. C. Cheset, Treas.
WESTERN
Bank Note and [ngfaving Co,
STEEL PLATE
ENGEAVING & LITHOGRAPHY,
Cor, La Salle and Randolph St 8.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Stock Certificates, Letter and Bill Head-
ings, Drafts, Checks, etc.
LUMBER.
(['ardwood.)
Hatch, Holbrook & Co. 2G5 Archer
av. (see adv't)
LUMBER, LATH AND SHIN-
GLES.
Neweil Avert, ■) /.Ions Welch
S. J. MCRPHY, j (Jos. Heald,
Detroit, Mich. Whitehall, Mich.
E. E. Crepin, Chicago.
AVERY, MURPHY & CO.
M:inur;irturers of
LUMBER,
LATH, SHINGLES, ETC.
OFFICE .\ND Y.\RD:
Corner of Fisk and 22d Streets,
CHICAGO.
Bradner, Charnley & Co. 248 S. Water
Ferry & Bro. Lumber, cor. Eighteenth
Foster Thomas, ]'> W. Twelfth
Garden City 3Lanufacturiu?? and Snp-
l)ly Co. cor. Twenty-second and Lum-
ber (see adv't)
Gardner F. B. & Co. 1G2 Beach
Goss k Phillips Mnfg'. Co. Clark, cor.
Twelfth (see adv't)
Heeney & Campbell, Canal, cor. Twelfth
Mever C. J. L. 226 and 228 Lake (see
adv't)
Palmer, FuHer & Co.W. Twenty-second,
cor. Union (see adv't)
MACHINISTS' TOOLS.
Chieasro Yise and Tool Co. 149 to 153
Fulton (see adv't)
METALLURGISTS.
Chicas^o Gold and Silver Quartz Re-
ducing and Separating Co. 108
Washington (see adv't)
METALS.
WESTERN STAR METAL CO.,
Manufacturers of the
'STAR METAL,'
Railway Journal Bearing,
AND GENERAL
BRASS FOUNDERS AND FINISHERS,
17 S. Canal Street, Chicago.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
r. HATCH.
J. HOLBROOK.
W. S. KEITH.
J. S. PUKPLE.
HATCH, HOLBROOK & CO.
Hard Wood Lumber
26d Archer Avenue,
Corner Zrie and Kingsbury Streets. CHICAGO,
AND
4=00 niver Street, M.IL"WjlLXJIti:E.
S^g- AGJtlCVI.TT:HA^L, IMFLEMEXT, WA.GOIf AJfD CABINET LlJMJiER.'=SA
Our sttxik is the largest and most complete to be found in the West. Bills cut to order for
Railroads, Bridges, etc. Send for price list.
H. ^. I>OPtTE:ii,
mwXiSs:
AND
Speaking Tubes.
Annunciators made, put up and repaired in
hotels, dwellings, etc., either with or without
electricity. This business a specialty.
87 Randolph Street,
DM10A®©f
lliliT^OIP^*
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
MILL FURNISHING.
Baxter T. W. & Co. W. Washington, cor.
Water
^t^^„<^^"tv<V^.<
Kaestner C. &. Bro. 58 S. Canal
William F. Noye, Practical Miller an<l
Mill Furnisher, manufacturer of
French Burr Mill Stones. Sole agent
for .lolin T. Noye's Mill Oearing and
TurbineWiitcr Wheels, Smut Machines,
Separators ami Brnn Dusters of all
Patents. Genuine Dufour & Co.s Dutch
Anker Bolting Cloths furnished to or-
der. Belting of all kinds at the lowest
rates. Agent for James Leffel & Co.'s
Double Turbine Water Wheels, sold at
manufacturers' prices. Plans, with
drawings and specifications for mills
of any capacity, either Steam or Water,
furnished to order. Contracts made
for building the entire Mill and Ma-
chinery complete (exclusive of Mill
House). 228 and 230 Washington St.,
Chicago. Newton Young, millwright
MILL PICKS.
(Manufacturer auil Dresser.)
Hi^giiLS J. C. ini Carroll
MINING MACHINERY.
Eagle Works Mnfg. Co. 48 S. Canal (see
adv't)
Scoville Iron Works, \7'^ S. Clinton
MINING SUPPLIES,
Government Goods Depot, 190 Wash-
ington (see adv't I
MINERS' TOOLS.
Chicag'o Ti.se and Tool Co., manufac-
turers of Solid Box Vises, Bellows,
Picks, Mattocks, Grub Hoes, Hammers,
Sledges, Stonecutters' tools. Crowbars,
Swages, Tongues, Machinists' tools,
etc. Office and Manufactory, 149, 151
and 153 Fulton St.. Chicago
Phelps, Veale & Co. 168 Washington
(see adv't)
MOLDINGS.
(M.inuf;icf r.rens of.)
Go.ss & Phillips Mnf^. Co. Clark, cor.
Twelfth (seeadvt)
Mever C. J. L. 226 and 228 Lake (see
adv't)
Palmer, Fuller & Co. cor. Twenty-
second and Union (see adv't)
MOWERS AND REAPERS.
Bradley A: Banks, 46 and 48 W. Lake
(see adv'lj
Wood Walter A. 206 Lake
NETS, SEINES, ETC.
(Dealers in.)
Hubbard GUbert & Co. 205 and 20^
S. Water (see adv't)
PAINT.
(Muuufarturers of.)
Averill's Chemical Paint, 19 Dearborn
Chicaaro Enamel Paint Works, H. iden
Tascott & Co. props. ii35 Rand Iph.
Paint mixed, ready for use
PAPER.
(Manufacturers of.)
Bradner, Smith & Co. 110 and 112 Mad-
ison
Cleveland Paper Co. 94 Washington
Laflin, Butler & Co. Market, nr. Lake
PAPER BOXES.
(Suceesser to J. B. Schneider,)
Manufacturer of every description of
PAPER BOXES,
77 LAKE STREET,
Chicago, - - Illinois.
ORDERS PROIVIPTLY ATTENDED TO.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
CHAS. J. L. MEYER,
MANUFACTURER OF AND DEALER IN
p$!^ |oof|, |M|, Houlding^
GLAZED SASH,
Balusters, Newell Posts, Stair Railing, Etc.
EOPE MOULDINGS, f
OIF Ji^lLXj ICIIsriDS.
y jC /" jT ^
j^BispS^': ■: ' *s"
OFFICE AND SALESROOM,
226 and 228 Lake Street,
Northwest cor. Franklin,
Western Avenue,
FOND DU LAC, WIS.
F. LINSENBARTH,
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
HENRY SCHULTZ,
MANtFACTURER OF
PAPER BOXES,
Dry Goods, Shoe, Candy, Hat and Band Boxes,
57 STATE STREET, 57
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
All Orders Promptly Attendtd to.
PHOTOGRAPHIC MATE-
RIALS.
(Dealer in.)
J. B. BATCHELDER,
IiEALER IN
PHOTOGRAPHIC
MATER,! ALS,
Picture Frames, Cord, Moldings, Sec.
180 LAKE STREET,
(Second Floor.)
CHICAGO, ILL.
PLANING MILLS.
Garden City MamifacturiiijE: and Sup-
l)ly Co. cor. Twenty-second and Lum-
ber (see adv't)
HEARSON i PAYN,
Hafli Bails & Stairs
Of all Descriptions made to Order
on Sliort Xotice.
SASH, LOOES AND BLINDS,
Moldings, Turning and Scroll Sawing, IVIill Dressing
of all kinds, Balusters, Newel Posts, Etc.
Cargoes docked, and Lumber sorted, dressed and
shipped to all parts of the United States.
No. 45 Lumber St., - ■ Chicagro.
Goss & Phillips Blanufacturiu^ Co,
cor. Clark and Twelfth (see adv't)
Hall & Frost, 144 Sixteenth
Harvey T. M. cor. Twenty-second and
Morgan
Heeney & Campbell, cor. Canal and
Twelfth (see adv't)
Hutt L. cor. Nineteenth and Grove
McEwen John. 145 N. Wells
Meyer C. J. L. 22G and 228 Lake (see
adv't)
Palmer, Fuller & Co. cor. Twenty
second and Union (see adv't)
PRINTERS.
(Book and Job.)
Horton & Leonard, 108 Randolph
ROUNDS & KANE,
stejl::m:
BOOK & JOB PRINHRS
Printers' Furnishing Warehouse,
46 State St., - CMcago.
PRINTERS' MATERIALS.
Chicago Type Foundry, 139 Monroe
Rounds & Kane, 46 State
PUMPS.
(Manufacturers of.)
Douglas W. & B. 197 Lake
Temple J. F. & Son, cor. Canal and Polk
RAILROAD OFFICES.
Chicago, Alton & St. Louis R. R. 53
Dearborn (see adv't)
Chicago, Burlinsfton & Quincy R. R.
63 Clark (see adv't)
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R.
37 Clark (see adv't)
Chicago & Northwestern R. R. Co. cor.
Lake and Clark
Illinois Central R. R. Central av. foot of
Lake (see adv't)
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern R. R.
56 Clark
Michigan Central R. R. cor. Dearborn
and Lake
RAILROAD PICKS.
Chicago Vise and Tool Co. 149 to 153
Fulton (_see advt. ) .
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
Wm. B. Phillips, President. Andrew Moody. Vice-President. Geo. K. CncRCii, Secretary.
60SS & PHILLIPS MANUFACTURING CO.
MANUFACTUEEKS OF
iisi, liiiSp luii
stair Railing, Posts, Balusters, Moulding.s, Flooring, Siding, etc.
Dealers in Lumber, Lath and Shingles.
FACTOIIIES
Principal OfTlce, cor. Clark and 12th Sts.,
rCor. Clark and 12tli Sts.
ICor. •22dand Fisk Sts.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
READY-MADE HOUSES.
(Manufacturers of.)
Bridges Lyman, Carroll, cor. Sanga-
mon
Garden City Tlaning Mill, 45 Canal
ROOFING, PITCH AND
FELTING.
Hubbard fiilbort & Co. 205 and 207
S. Water
ROPE MOLDINGS.
Austin, Boynton & Bro. 25 N. Jeffer-
son (see tulv't)
SAFES.
(Manufacturers of.)
Hall's Safe and Lock Co. 147 Dearborn
Harris S. H. 60 and G2 S. Canal (see
iidv't)
Herring & Co. 40 State
SASH, DOORS AND [BLINDS.
Garden City Planing Mill. 45 S. Canal
(;(>ss & Pliillips Mn%. Co. Clark, cor.
'ruelfth (see adv'l)
Hcenoy k Campbell. Canal, cor. Twelfth
(see adv't)
Kimball & Sheridan, Arnold, cor. Seven-
teenth
McEwen John, 243 N. Wells
Meyer C. J. L. 220 and 228 Lake (see
a'dv't)
Palmer, Fuller & Co. Twenty-second,
cor. Union (see advt)
SCALE MANUFACTURERS.
Fairbanks, GreenleaC A: Co. 137 State
Forsyth Scale Works, 170 Luke
SCHOOL AND CHURCH
FURNITURE.
Andrews A. H. & Co. Ill State
Siierwood H. M. 105 Madison
SEWING MACHINES.
Singer S. M. Co. Ill State
Wheeler & Wilson, .\rthur Farrar &
Co. 106 Lake
SHIP CHANDLERS AND
SAIL MAKERS.
Hubbard Gilbert & Co. 205 and 207
S. Water (see udv'tj
SHIRT MANUFACTURER.
Ely Edward, practical shirt maker,
extra durable and perfect fit, 3 Wash-
ington (see adv'tj
SHOT AND BAR LEAD.
Chicago Shot Tower Co. 70 N. Clinton
SLEDGES.
Chicago Yise and Tool Co. 149 to 153
Fulton (see adv't)
SMELTING WORKS.
Chicaero (iold and Silver Quart/ Re-
ducing and Separating Co. 168
Washington (see adv't)
STAINED GLASS.
Misch G. A. & Bro. Calhoun place
Cooke E. & Co. 217 Washington
STEAM ENGINES.
Ames' Engines.
PORTABLES 3 to 10 Horse rr
FRESHING S to 10 "
;-^ MOST COMPLETE ESGINK
]g: EVER MADE.
Depot, 70 South Canal St., Chicago.
Sec style of Engine.
COLLINS EATON, Agent.
Eagle Works MauiifactHring' Co. 48
Canal (see adv"t)
The Crane Bros. Works, North westera
Mnfg. t'o. U» N. Jefferson (><ee adv't)
SAVAGE & BRO.,
42 and 44 Michigan St.,
ENGINE BUILDERS
AND
IRON FOUNDERS.
SHAFTING and GEARING
On hand and made to order; also,
Plumbers' Castings, Sinks, Hop-
pers, etc.
Vulcan Ironworks
so to 90 N. Clinton St.,
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
R.T.CRA.NE,Pre.-t. C. S. Crane, Tice-Pres-f. «. S. Redfield, Treas. S. W. Adams, Sec'y.
THE CRANE BROS.
NORTHWESTERN
KmEifeitiriig itap am;
Tf ■^l 1 li f f rillf l|
VE STERN MANUFACTURING CO
«; -t- -f^ j;
rr r? ni I"
•W- -Tf- -Tr -'r *
f ?T p p |T
§ ^1^' #' -w # # # ^^ I*- f^ ^'
«i F? r n m % ffl f ff^' ?" ■'
l' ■! Iffi-'IJi't''"
r- v^ -1^: n-
r r " r
Jefferson and Desplaines Sts.,
(Bet. Lake and Randolpb,)
iM£ijr&is^»
MANTjrACTURERS OF
STEAM ENGINES, Steam Pumps, Babbit Metal, WROUGHT IRON PIPE, BRASS
AND IRON GOODS for Steam and Gas Fitters and Engine Builders, Cast Iron ajid
MALLEABLE IRON FITTINGS and Castings, STEAM WARMING AND VENTI-
LATING APPARATUS, for public and private buildings.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
ATKINS & BURGESS,
Manufacturers of
Steam Engines, Steam Dredges
STEAM PILE DEIVEES,
Mill Gearing and General Machinery.
STEAM PUMPS.
Davis John & Co. 75 Michigan
The Crane Bro.s. Works, 10 N. Jeffer-
son (see adv'tj
STEAM WARMING & VEN-
TILATING APPARATUS.
Baker, Sniiili & Co. 127 Dearliorn
The Crane Bros. Works, lu N. Jeffer-
son (see advi)
"Walworth, Furse & Co. 225 Lake
Winne A. L. & Co. 114 Dearborn
STONE CUTTERS' TOOLS.
Cliieairo Vise and Tool Co. 14^t to 15.3
liilioii ( see nilv't )
Polhu.l J. W. 2:^,0 Franklin
STOVES AND HOLLOW-
WARE.
(Maiiul'actiircrs of.)
Collins & Bnrgrie, cor. Jefferson and
Van Bureu
TAILOR AND DRAPER.
Ely Edward, tailor, and importer of
woolens for gentlemen, 3 Washington
(see adv'tj
TEAS.
(Importers of.)
Sherwood X. A: Co. 58 Michigan av.
TELEGRAPH MACHINERY
AND SUPPLIES.
Bliss, Tillotson & Co. 247 S. Water
TENTS, TARPAULINS AND
COVERS.
Hnbbard Gilbert k Co. 205 and 207 S.
Water (see adv'tj
TOBACCO.
(Wholesale dealers in.)
Hibben cS: Co. 83 Michigan av.
Tausill R. W. 47 River
TWINES AND CORDAGE.
(Dealers in.)
Hubbard Gilbert & Co. 205 and 207 S.
Water (see adv'tj
TYPE FOUNDERS.
Great Western Tj i»e Foundry, 74 and
7G Madison
Rounds ii Kane, 40 State (see adv'tj
VAULTS AND DOORS.
(Manufacturers of.)
Chicagro Iron Works, Letz & Co. props.
^4 to '.•2 Franklin (see adv'tj
Harris S. H. 60 and 62 S. Canal (see
adv't)
WAGON MAKERS.
Bishop & Prindle, 12 S. Jefferson
Brown Thonia.S H. Novelty Carriage
Works, 44 Adams (see adv'tj
WHITE LEAD.
(Dealers in.)
Alston, Devoe & Co. 174 Randolph
Heath & Milligan, 170 Randolph
WINDOW CAPS AND SILLS.
(Manufacturers of.)
Letz & Co. Chicago Iron Works, 84 to
02 Franklin (see adv't)
WINES AND LIQUORS.
(Dealers in.)
Esniay, Simmons k Co. 17 Michigan
av. (see adv'tj
WIRE GOODS.
( Manufacturers of.)
Booth John, 179 Lake
Evans & Co. 201 Lake
WIRE ROPE.
(Dealeis in.;
Hubbard Gilbert k Co. 205 and 207 S.
S. Water (see adv'tj
WROUGHT IRON.
Chicago Tise and Tool Co. 149 to 153
Fulton (see adv'tj
WROUGHT IRON PIPE.
Davis John & Co. 75 Michigan
The Crane Bros. Works, 10 N. Jeffer-
son [see adv'tj
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
THE FAVORITE THROUGH PASSEHGER ROUTE!
HANNIBAL & ST. JOSEPH
AND
Chicago, Burlington &Quincy
RAILROADS !
3 Through Express Trains Daily!
Passengers going East should remember that this is 64 MILES the SHORT-
EST, THE BEST, QUICKEST, and tlie ONLY ROUTE between
KANSAS CITY & CHICAGO
Without change of Cars, Transfer or Ferry.
Two daily lines of the celebrated
And new and elegant day coaches, are run through from KANSAS CITY to CHI-
CAGO, without change or ferry, connecting direct with the celebrated Lightning
Express Trains of all Eastern lines, running
Five Daily Lines of Palace Sleeping Cars from
OHIO^I^O^O TO TVE^V ^^OTtTH
All Express Trains on this line are equipped with WESTINGHOUSE PATENT
AIR BRAKES and MILLER'S PATENT SAFETY PLATFORM AND COUPLERS.
Passengers going East or West, desirous of securing all tlie comforts to bn
attained in railway travel, should be particular to ask for and see tliat tlieir tickets
read
CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY RAILROAD,
Which can be obtained at all principal offices of Kansas Pacific Railway in Kansas
and Colorado; in Chicago at the Company's Office, 63 Clark Street; also, at th.-
Company's Office in Great Central Depot, foot of Lake Street.
FARE ALWAYS AS LOW AS BY ANY OTHER ROUTE.
ROBERT HARRIS, SAM'L POWELL, E. A. PARKER,
Gen'l Supt, Chicago. Gen'l Ticket Agent. Genl West. Pasa. Agt.,Cbicagi^
a
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
lUTMi
GEO. B. KANE & CO.
40 State Street,
CHICAGO, - - ILLINOIS,
MANlFACTrRERS OK ALI- KINDS OK
i i
|lsok and ^olojed fimtini |
Printers' Varnish, Lithog:rapliic Inks
and Varnish.
News, or Power Presn Ink, in libln 12 t« 8
" " " " kegs 18 to
Ham! " '• '• 20 to
" " " " C«I15
Hix)k, No. 3, kegs or cans
" 1, " "
" Fine, " "
Job Ink, No. 2, for Cal'd Paper, will not set off,
" 1, "
" extra, " " " "
W(Kid Cut Ink 75, 1 76,
Card Ink 1 75
" fine 2 60
" extra fine 3 00
" French 4 00
PRICIS— RET.
20
20
25
25
30
40
65
75
70
90
1 40
2 60
COLORED INKS.
PRICES'
Best French Carmine per oz.,
'• American " "
" French Lake per lb.,
" German " "
" American" "
" Red " "
No.2 " "
" 3 " "
Best Aniline Purple per oz.,
No.2 " " per lb..
Mauve Ink "
Violet Blue '•
Aniline " "
Best French Blue "
1 — KST.
2 00
1 00
10 00
8 00
7 00
10 00
5 00
3 00
1 00
1 00
6 00
.'> 00
4 OQ
2 0(1
PRICES — WET.
Beot Ultramarine Blue per lb., S2 00
" English " " 1 75
" American " per lb., 1 25, 1 60
" Llcht " per lb., 100
Light Krt-nch Green " 1 75
Deep " '• " 1 75
Fine English " " 1 50
Fine American " " 1 25
Best German Vermillion " 2 00
Best Drop Sienna " 1 25
BeJt Medium Hrown " 1 00
Light French Yellow " 175
English " " 1 50
Aniericnn " " 1 25
Best Deep French Orange " 1 60
Uml)er Brown " 1 00
Vandyke " " 1 00
Best Gold Size " 160
White Ink per lb., 50, 75, 1 00
Varnish " 60, 75, 1 00
Varnish, Poster per gal., 2 00,2 25
POSTER COLORS.
PRICES-
No. 1 Red per lb.,
" 2 " "
" 3 " "
" 4 Blue "
" 5 " "
" 6 " the best Poster Blue made.. "
Dark and Light Poster Green "
Lemon Yellow "
Orange " "
Brown " "
■NET.
; 60
75
1 00
60
75
1 00
75
75
75
75
PREREQUISITE.— We wish to call the attention of Printers to this as an article long needed by
them for thinning all colors of Printing Inks, and still retain the color. A few drops will cause the Ink
to work more freely. If ti o strong. a«sist in drying, put a nicer fiice or finish on the Ink when dry. and
also keep flie Ink from fading. All Printers have seen the trouble, after using once from a pot of fine
Carmine, Lake, Purple, Blue, Green, Yellow, etc., and setting it aside for a month or more, find it so dry
and hard as to be impossible to u?e it again to any advantage. A small quantity of the Prerequisite mixes
and works in like a charm, keeps vour color, and makes the Ink eyen better than when first opened.
No pay unless It fills the bill. Try it. Price, 81.00 per bottle.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
ESMAY, SIMMONS &. CO,
Importers and Jobbers of
rOREIGN AND DOMESTIC
f'
r#
^fe ^^'^^s^
&
i i
M
17 Michigan Avenue,
IHICJ
Ol
I. P. ESMAY.
C. M. Simmons.
D. H. Eldridge.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
EEEITEY S, CAMPBELL,
Contractors and Builders
AS1[« BOOKS
•'S>
^
Blinds, "Wood Moulding-s, Tiiming, Scroll Sa-wing, Door and "Win-
dOAV Frames, Ne-wel Posts, Balusters, Sash, Doors, Blinds
and Mouldings constantly on hand. Bases, Casing
and Door Jambs furnished, per design, with
the utmost despatch.
»-00ONTRY ORDERS ATTENDED TO PROKPTLY, ASO 8PE0tALtY eOUOtT80.-«»
S. E. cor. Canal and ISth Sts.,
B. HEENEY.
A. CAMPBELL.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago
PENNSYLVANIA CENTRAL ROUTE
IS
Ql IVtILES THE SliOI^TEST LIIVE
FROM
CHICAGO TO NEW YORK.
2 Daily Lines of Pullman's Palace Day and Sleeping Cars
From CHICAGO to
Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Pliiladelphia and New York,
With isut one Change to
Baltimore, Hartford, Providence, Springfield,
Neiv Haven, "Worcester, Boston,
AND IS THE MOST DIRECT ROUTE TO
The only route by which a Throuffh Train is run between
Chicago and New Yorlt.
Express Trains on tliis Line are equipped with
>VESTI]VOHOXJSE PATENT AIR BRAKES.
SOSTOy ANI> NEW ENGLAND PASSENGERS will find this Route especially
desirable, as it gives them an opportunity of seeing the finest views among the
Alleghany Mountains, besides visiting Pittsburgh, Philadelphia and New York
without extra cost.
All New England Passengers holding through tickets will be transferred, with their baggage, to Kail
and Boat connections in New York without charge.
Close connections made at LIMA for all points on the
Dayton & Michigan and Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railways,
And at CRESTLINE for
CLEVELAND, AND ALL POINTS REACHED VIA LAKE SHORE R. R.
mrmnnnn mTnTrnmo FOJt SALE AT TBE COMPANY'S offices, r,3 and r,5
THHIlllfrH TinKhTS rf«rfc«^«t^- Northwest corner Kandolph and La Salle streets; Corn-r
IS^^^J^^^^^^^^ BrTgg^ House); at Depot. Chicago, and at Principal Ticket
Offices in the West.
Trains leave Depot, Corner Madison and Canal Streets, on arrival of trains from
the North and Southwest.
r. R. MYERS, W. C. CLELAND,
Gen. Pass. & Ticket Agent, Pittsburgh. Assistant Gen. Passenger Agent
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
A. C. HESING, President.
F. GUSTORF, Sec. and Treas.
GARDEN CITY
Manufacturing and Supply
I ♦■•■i-Li^^ 4-4-i i il -^i^^-L-fl
t t '^'-■^'t- ♦ -*
Cor. 22d and Morgan Sts.,
Mim
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
AT
Farm, Wagou, Ambulance and Mining
Army, Wedge, Wall and Hospital
Army, Citizens' and Boys'
Bridles, Halters, Lines, Surcingles, &c.
WhiflBetrees, Eveners, Lead Bars, &c. Army Blankets, Shirts,
Drawers, &c. RUBBER GOODS, consisting of Men's Coats,
Blankets, Ponchos and Horse Covers.
MILITARY CLOTHIUG, BOOTS AUD SHOES,
And something useful for most every person. Contractors, Mining Companies, Col-
onization Societies, Farmers and the trade, supplied, wholesale or retail. Country
folks, send in your orders to
COL, O. LIPPINCOTT,
G-O'VIEI^iTiMIEnsrT C3-003DS DEIPOT,
190 i& 192 Washington St,, CHICAGO.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
ARTIFICIAL
Tj^usseSf Supporters, Bandages,
Crutches,
And all kinds of ortboepedlcal implements, with latest improvements, manufactured
under the charge of an educated orthoepedist, who has had more than twelve years'
experience in the profession.
n
i
3 «
o
— 00
■^ c
« a
3 %
^
o =
B %
t 2
b ;:
o ;:
Under the new law of 1S70, soldiers who have lost an arm or leg will be sup-
plied at this manufactory, free of charge, upon making application in due form,
which is explained in Chicago Business Notices.
The GARDNER LEG is the lightest, cheapest and most desirable artificial leg
ever manufactured.
J. E. GARDNER, Proprietor.
OFFICE AND MANUFACTORY,
Post Office Block, CHICAGO, ILL.
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, opposite Post Office.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
KANSAS & CHICAGO SHORT LINE!
New and Direct Route from Colorado & Kansas
TO
CHICAGO, NEW YORK, BOSTON, PHILADELPHIA
AND ALL EASTERN CITIES.
THE OLD, MELTABLE AND POPULAR
Chicago & Alton Railroad
With its Missouri branches (just completed) and connections, forms
the sliortest and most desirable route between the
FAR WEST AND GREAT EAST!
"Via I5ansas City antl Chicago.
ELEGANT NB"W
Day Coaches and Pullman's Magnificent Palace Sleeping Cars
With all the latest improvements, run through over this
line, between
KANSAS CITY AND CHICAGO
Via Mexico, witliout CInange.
For fast time, comfort, safety and all the luxuries of travel it is not excelled
by any competing line.
FARE AS LOW AND TIME AS QUICK AS BY ANY OTHER ROUTE!
Baggage Checked Through to all Principal Points !
Ask for and see that your tickets read «ia CHICAGO & ALTON ROAD, which can
ih; purchased everywhere, either via ST. LOUIS or MEXICO.
A. NEWMAN, J. C. McMULLIN,
Genl Pass, and Ticket Agt. tiencr.l Supcr.ntendeut.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
KHVADA umTmii
Cor. Washington and Franklin Sts.,
CHICAGO.
86
M ft ■]■
u .11 ,«.-
MU
^
^
First- Class in Kvery Respect.
TERMS, ONLY $2.50 PER DAY.
Only trwo blocks from diamber of Oommeroe, City-
Hall, etc.
THOS. KENDEICK, Proprietor.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
THZE
l^^'^l\^Jla». W/W *^1'^^/^
3XUTrJ.^L
^4f
it lasiiiiit li.
HOME OFFICE, MILWAUKEE, WIS.
ASSETS, Jan,, 1871, - - $9,000,000
Loaned, in 1870, $1,500,000, at ten
per cent, interest.
OVER 35,000 MEMBERS!
Losses paid since organization of the Company, $1,700,000.
PRUDENTLY MANAGED, PURELY MUTUAL,
PERPETUAL CHARTER, PERPETUAL SECURITY.
Holding a HIGH RESERVE, realizing a HIGH RATE OF INTEREST, with a
LOW RATIO OF MORTALITY and EXPENSES, and having had twelve years'
successful experience, this Company offers the assured every ADVANTAGE COM-
PATIBLE WITH ENTIRE SAFETY.
HEBER SMITH, AUG. GAYLORD, J. H. VAN DYKE,
Vice- President. Secretary, President.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT:
Colorado, \^yomiiig, XJtah and IVe^vr Miexico.
DR. S. S. WALLIHAN, General Agent,
Office, cor. F and Larimer Sts.,
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
UNION PACIFIC Railroad
Omaha and Platte Valley.
FIVE
CHICAGO and DENVER.
HOURS SHORTEST ROUTE
BETWEEN
FARE ALWAYS AS LOW AS BY ANY OTHER ROUTE.
This Line makes close connections at CHEYENNE with
Denver Pacific Rail Road
FOU
Denver, Golden City, Black Haivk, Central City,
Idaho, GeorgetoT^n, Nevada City,
And all points in
COLORADO, ARIZONA & NEW MEXICO.
Pullman's PalaceSieeping&Drawing-Room Cars
ON ALL. FIRST-CLASS TRAINS.
TRAINS LEAVE OMAHA DAILY AT II A.M.
Arriving at Cheyenne at 12:40 P. M.,
Connecting with DENVER PACIFIC Train leaving Cheyenne at !2i05 P.M.,
arriving at Denver at TsOS P. M.
EAST— LEAVE DENVER AT 8:1 0 A. M.
Arriving at Cheyenne at 12:25 P. M.,
Connecting with UNION PACIFIC Train, leaving Cheyenne at 1:40 P. M.,
arriving at Omaha at !i:30 P. M., making close connections
both ways with Dally Trains to and fi-om
CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS, AND AIL POINTS EAST AND SOUTH.
'W.C.THOMPSON, T. E. SICKi:i.S,
A9»U Oen* Pa*s. Agent, Chief Stiff, and SupU
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
lanteFS^ Hong©i
Fourth. Street, St. Ziouis, Missoiiri.
This well-knoAvn House, fronting three hundred feet on
Fourth Street, and covering the block hounded by Pine and
Chesnut Streets, offers superior inducements to travelers and
boarders.
The Chesnut Street front ojiens toward the Court House,
with its fine lawns and magnificent dome, affording not only a
fine view of the square, but allowing excellent ventilation for
the Hotel. The northern front overlooks Pine and Fourth
Streets, and the numberless cars^ vehicles and pedestrians that
render it so lively and attractive.
Tickets for all parts of the United States and Eastern Conti.
nent are kept on sale in the different Ticket Offices on the first
floor on Fourth Street, from which oflioes the 'busses start for
all the different trains.
SPARE L KELSEY, Proprietors.
■TSO. H. SPAKR, formerly of LindeU Hotel, St. Louis, Mo
WM. KELSEY, formerly of American Hotel, Columbus, Ohio.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
XF.AVI.Y OR(t.\>JIZED. — LATELY INCORPORATED.
T:
♦ ♦ ♦
^"«»
97, 99, 101 and 103 E. Van Buren St.
> ^^)
CBICilGQi
•See opposite page for particulars.*CSL
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
97, 99, 101 and 103 E. Van Buren St., Chicago, 111.
The college was opened on Monday, March, oOth, 18GS, and l*as been lately incor-
porated and newly organized. Its career thus far has been remarkably successful.
Indeed, the large amount of public patronage, which it lias already eained, is the
best recommendation that we can give to parents or guardians.
Board and tuition ^per session, 10 months), ....... $250 00
Washing, - - - - - . - - 20 00
Physician's fee (in case of sickness), ........ Extra.
AH pocket-money to be deposited with the Treasurer.
No student received for a shorter period than a term of five months. No deduc-
tion made when withdrawn during the term. School books and medicines are
furnished at current prices.
P.WMENT OF H.^LF SESSION IN ADV.\NCE.
Each student should be provided with at least three summer and three winter
suits, a sufficient number of shirts, socks, liandkerchiefs, towels and napkins,
combs, brushes, etc., etc. None of these will be furnished by the College, unless
special arrangements be made, and a sufficient sum deposited with the Treasurer.
Each student should have his family name in full on each article of clotiing.
When parents wish to have their children sent home, tliey sliould give timely
notice, settle all accounts and forward the traveling expenses; if it be at the end
of the term, notice should be given two weeks previous, that the clothes may be
in good order.
Gentlemen are invited to examine the students at the public examination, and
wlienever they find it convenient during the class hours of term time.
Students of all denominations are admitted, and their religious opinions
are unrestricted.
Primary Department, per quarter of 11 weeks, - - - - - - - fcOOO
Intermediate Department, per quarter of 11 weeks, - - - - - - -8 00
Commercial •• " " ...... lu 00
Literary and Scientific Department, per quarter of 11 weeks, - - - - - 12 00
EXTRA CH.\RGES:
Music — Piano, per quarter, .---.----- '^2?^
Violin, " - - ^00
Melodeon. " 2 ^
Flute, " 6 00
Guitar, " 6 00
Drawicg, " 10 00
The session commences on the first Monday in September, and ends about the
3d of July. __ _ „
Spelling, Reading, Writing, Geography, History, English Grammar, Geometry,
English Composition, Epistolary Correspondence, Commercial Law, Rhetoric, Book-
keeping, Literature, Elocution, .\rithmetic, M*?nsuration, Trigonometry, Calculus,
Surveying, Navigation, Chemistry, Natural Philosopliy, .\stronomy. Logic, Meta-
physics, Drawing, Algebra, French, German, Latin, Greek.
Degrees conferred, A. B. and .\. M. Diplomas can be obtained in the Commer-
cial Department by such as merit that distinction.
For additional information, apply to or address
BRO. MATTHE"W, President,
i.19 Van Buren Street, Cliicago.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
BETTIE BTUAUT
IISrSTITTJTE.
^ J-MJ/Vi-C"!''^"
Cor. Fourth and Jackson Sts.
S^mi^'GFlELD.
*5'See opposite page for particulars. "S^^
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
1
fll6 |ettii 3tMri lattttati
SPRIXGFIELD, ILL.
(GERMAN AND ENGLISH.)
A Boarding and Day School for Young Ladies.
It comprises three departments: Primary, Intermediate and Collegiate.
Music, vocal and instrupienfal, receive especial attention. Drawing is
taught from objects. Out-of-door sketching is constantly practiced.
Dio Lewis' system of gymnastics is used for physical development.
Native teachers of the French and German reside in the family, and
take pains to have their pupils sjjeak as well as read and write those
languages.
The fall term will commence Wednesday, September 6th, 1871.
The school year is divided into fivo terms of twenty weeks each.
EXPENSES FOR TWENTY WEEKS.
Board, AVashing, Tuition iu English, Latin ami Gymnastics, - - S150 00
Primary Tnition, - - 18 00
Intermediate, ....-.---- 2.5 00
Collegiate, 30 00
French and German, each, ..-.---- 12 00
Iirawing, 12 00
Painting in Oils, - . - - 30 00
AVater Colors, 20 00
Wax Flowers (full course\ - 10 00
Instrumental Music, - - - - - - - - - -30 00
Vocal Music, - - - JO 00
Use of Piano, 6 00
CTymnastics to puiails not belonging to the school, . . . . lo 00
Incidental Expenses, ----------lOO
For catalogues, apply to
MRS. M. McKZE HOMES,
Cor. Fourth and Jackson Streets, Springfield, 111,
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
ST. LOUIS BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
A(ADFJriES.
Bcttif Ptiuirt Iiistiiiit.' fi.r Young I^ilips, ppring-
fielil. III. (menilv't
CoUoge of the Christian Biotlicrs, Ei^htli, cor.
Cerre ( soo nilv't i
ACIDS.
Grfiit Wf«tpriiClipnii>'al Works, Oestcrreiclier iCo.
pruiis. (M-f niiv't)
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.
St.Lonisan.l I' in ri..« r... lir, >. M;,iu .,,..• a.lv";
ARTIFK lAL LIMBS.
Lockwood I>?wi8, mnniifactiirer of Pr. BIy'a j-afeiit
U'g-i nn<l iiruis, 511' Pin-' ff... ndv't)
ATTORNEYS.
{See also Commissioners.
GARLAND & GREENE,
COI^LECTIO:VS
AXD
Real Estate Transfers.
Third, Isorthwest corner Pine Street,
ST. LOXJXS.
BAGS AND BAGGING.
H. & L. CHASE,
Mauiifactiuvrs iiii.I I>i-ak-rs in
BAGS AHE BAGGIHG
Cotton and linen seamless, gunny, I'Urlap, paper,
cotton and jute liags, for wheat, corn, wool, bran,
flour, potatoes, sei-d.'-. dried fruits, salt, haras, etc.
Bagging, twine, second-hand hags. Sacks printed
to order. Warehouse aud office, IT North Main.
BANK VAULTS.
MiH-issiiij.i Iron Works. T. n. Pullis A Br... projis.
2iitJniid JO* X. Sixth 's.'.-a.lvt/
BLACKSMITHS' TOOLS.
We.itlake A Button 1213 X. Main (see advt;
BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURERS.
I-ovi,,,u A- ]!!ytlio. 2iri01ivo i se.^ adv't
BLANKETS.
ll..l|..i, I|..nir,;-. 4 City M.lg<. 'sf-.. n.lv';
BLEACHERS AND DYERS.
Morgens i Bro. 5 5. Fourth (see adv't)
BOLTING CLOTH.
Haltcman A. K.1611 and 161.3 Jackson (sei- mlv't)
BR003I MAKERS' MACHINES.
W.-stlake A- Biitt..ii, 1213 N. Main (s.-o a.ivt)
CHEMICALS.
O.-sterreicher & Co. St. Louis (see adv't;
COLLEGE.
College of the Christian Brother^. Eighth, cor.
Cerre (see adv"t i
COMJIISSIONERS.
(See also Attorneys.)
GARLAND & GREENE,
Commissioners for Colorado
ANT'
All tUe States and Territories.
Attend to
ijil Es:a:e Transfers, C:".lec:i:2s, aii LriTiig all
Lsga*. £c:tiaes*.:.
Third Street, X. W. cor. Pine,
ST. LOTJIS.
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
LIGHT! MORE LIGHT! FURTHER LIGHT!
Haviug bought the patent right for the best gas machine in the country, and spent
three years in perfecting it, using it that length of time in my own
dwelling, I now offer to the public the
iffiuipljant |i^ iacl|inef
AND GUARANTEE SATISFACTION.
c 0) 5 u
Z-a S =
-— 3 J- c
i £ a: —
<s i a:_
— c i: 3
=5 S * ~>
S '^ = i£
~ >>£ =
aiS . ~
t- a i- ^
^ ci o 2
■C t- ^ -•
-- - -.," O
E 1=-: I
3 "^ 5 =. 5"
C 3 ^ = ^
2. 5 3 C
= J- = cr S
S- ;■ i' 2 i
^8®=- Insurance can be effected at low rates on buildings lighted with this machine. "=5381
I refer to ex-Mayor Cole, J. W. Mcliityre, Wm. Groshon, of St. Louis, Mo., ami Strickler & M;<har
of Denver, Col., or any one residing at Webster Groves, Mo., where it has been in constant use for nearly
two years in the First Presbyterian Church, or call and see it work at No. 4 City Buildings, St. Louis, Mo.
The machine referred to in First Presbyterian Church, AVebster Groves. Mo., works to the satisfaction
of the whole congregation. J. W. McINTYRE,
Publisher Sundai/ School Worker.
State and county rights for sale : St. Louis county, Mo., alone reserved.
For machiTies or rights, .apply to
HORACE HOLTON,
No. 4 City Buildings, St. Loui.s, Mo.
IVholesale Dealer in Tents, Tarpaulins, Wagon Covers and Blankets.
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
DRAPER AND TAILOR.
Ml Nicliol JauK'8, Fifth, cor. Walnut (see adv't)
DRl (;S A>D MEDICINES.
Great Western Chemical Work?, Oesterreicher & Co.
lirojiK. (st'C adv't)
DUALIN.
Great Western ClKiiiical Works, Oeftcrreitlier & Co.
props, (see adv't)
DYERS.
Mcir».'eiis it Itro. :> S. Kimrtli fs-i.. aiiv'l)
EXPLOSIVE COMPOrNDS.
Great Western Chemical Works, Ck-sterreiclier & Co.
props, (see a'lv't )
U\S .MACHINES.
Hi. Hon n.,rac.', 4 City bl<lgs.(see aJv't)
HOTELS.
Planters" House. Sparr & Kelsi-y, pppps. Fourth, liet.
I'ine and Chei-tnut (see adv"t>
St. Nielioliis Hotel, Enos .lennin^.'s, prop. Fotirtb,
I'et. M<irp«n and Franklin av. (see adv't)
.Southern Hotel. Ltiveille. Warner & Co. props.
Walnut, liet. Founh and Fifth (see adv't)
HOTEL BROILERS.
Blaiicl.ni.l .V (i:irn-..i:. ll'J -N. -Main (se- adv't)
IRON FRONTS.
Mississippi Iron Works, T. It. PuUis k Bro. props.
•jof, and i08 N. Sixth (see adv't)
IRON RAILIN(;S.
Mississippi Iron Works, T. R. PuUis .k Ero. props.
^00 and 20s N. Sixth (sec adv't)
IRON WORKS.
Le-wls Irou Co. Carondelet, Mo.; office. Ill
Locust
Mississipid Iron Works, T. R. PuUis & Bro. props.
SOG and 20s X. Si.vth isee adv't)
Westlake & Button l:il3 N. Main (see adv't)
JAIL WORK.
Mississippi Iron Works, T. R. Pullis & Bro. jirops.
206 and 208 N. Si.\th (see adv't)
MILL FURNISHING GOODS.
Halteman A. K. 1611 and 1613 Jackson (see adv't)
MILL MACHINERY.
Halteman A. K. 1611 and 1613 Jackson (see adv't)
MOLDINGS.
Market Street Planinj; Mill.Philibert d: Branconier,
props. 1503 Maiket
OILS.
GEO. PARTEIDGE & CO.,
Lard, Tallow, Neatsfoot, ■Whale, Lubricating,
and Burning
O I Xj S I
CARBON OILS
PIT IP IN A
F»^TE3VT KAI4REL
For Colorado shipment, oostint; four cuts h-ss than
ea.eil i.il, itnd •••jually proof afr:iin>t Nak:it:>-.
No. 712 NORTH MAIN STREET.
ORNAMENTAL IRON GOODS. ,
Mississipjii Iron Works, T. R. I'ullis & Bro. props.
206 and '208 N. Sixth (see adv't)
PAINTS AND COLORS.
Great Western Cheuiical Works, Oesterreicher & Co.
props, (see adv't)
PLOW .MANUFACTURERS.
St. Louis and Peoria Plow Co. 116 S. Main (see adv't)
RAILROAD OFFICES.
Chicago, Alton &. St. Louis, Fourth, cor. Pine (see
adv't)
Illinois Central, Fourth, cor. Chestnut (see adv't)
Indianapolis k St. Louis, 105 N. Fourth (see adv't)
Ohio & Mississippi, Fourth, n. v. cor. Chestnut (see
a>lv't /
St. Louis, Vandaliii, Terre Haute & Indianapolis,
Fourth, cor. Ch<-stnut (see adv't)
Toledo. Wabash & Western,. 206 X. Fourth (see
adv't)
RANGES.
(Manufacturers of.)
Blancbard ii Garrison. 116 X. Main (see adv't}
SAFES.
BEARD Sc BRO.,
Manufacturers of
Escelsisr Fire ari Burglar Proof
Bank Vaults, Bank Locks and Vault Doors.
Warerooms : 731 and TZ3 X. Main st., St. Louis
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
GREAT WESTERN
emieaji w®
OESTERREICHER ct CO.
Manufacturers and Importers or
jj^cidl, fine p^ential {jilg
Concentrated German and English
Fruit Extracts,
FLAVOP|S, PEPMEF|IES, PHOTOGIjAPHIC CHEMICALS
PAINTS, COLORS,
Drugs, Medicines, Varnish, Etc., Etc,
ALSO, AG£:STS FOK
Dualin, Xyloglodine, Lithofracteiire and other Explosive Compound
ST. LOUIS IjEPARTMEXT.
SASH, DOORS AXD BLIXDS.
Mark<^t Street Planing Mill, Pliililiert & Brancoiii.;r,
inoiis. 150-2 Market
SASH WEIGHTS.
Mississippi Iron Work*;. T. R. Piillis k Hro. liro[is.
2i»! anil 2118 X. Sixth (s.-..- a.h t
SAW WORKS.
EMPIRE
SAW WORKS,
Established 1854.
Ottico mid Salt-Mrooiu,
117 Vine Street, ST. LOUIS.
SCHOOL Si ( HIRCH FIUNITIRE.
Lc'Wi-i II. 11. 710 Washington nv.
W.-«t.-ri. Piil.lishincaii.l .<i-liool Furnishing Co. 709
nn.l 7H't'lii>tniit
S( Hoors.
Bettie Stuart Insfitut- for Yoiini; Liulii-s, Sprinj:-
fi..-M, III. (SH.Ml.lV-t)
Coll-ge of I 111' Christian Brotbi'rs, KigUtli, cor.CtTri-'
(koo adv't;
SCOURERS AND FIMSHERS.
Morgons G. it P.ro. o S. Fourth (see adv't)
STATIONERS.
Levisou k I'.lytlie, 219 Olive (see adv't)
STEAM EXGIXES.
Ilaltenian A. K. 1611 .md 1613 Jackson ,- ... .a.iv't)
Westlake k «iitt..ii. l^illJ N. Maiu (se.' advt)
TAILOR (MERCHANT,.
MrXichol James. Fifth, cor. Walnut (See adv't)
TEXTS, TARPAULINS, ETC.
I[,.ltun Horace, 4 City l.ld.'s. (<...• adv't)
TWINES.
Cli.a-se II. k I.. 17 N. Main (see advt)
WAGON (OVERS.
IL.lton llorar... 4 City hld-s. (s.- adv't )
WA(iON \( ARKIAGE 3IATERI.VLS.
Wi..idlp:irn •'Sarven Wheel'' Co. Second, Cor. Green
WINDOW CAPS AND SILLS.
Mi-"'issip|.i Iron AV.,rks, T. U. Pullis k Bro. iMopi-
•2uH and 'Ji'S N. Sixtli (see adv't ,
AST OF ST. LOUIS ADVERTISERS.
Beard & Bro., Safes and Bank Vaults.
Bettie Stuart Institute, Springfield. Hi.
Blauchard & Garrison, Hotel Kanges.
Ciiase 11. & L., Bags and Bagging.
Christian Brotiiers' College.
Curtis & Co 's Saw Works.
Garland & Greene. Attorneys, etc.
Halteman A. K.. Steam Engines and Mill
Machinery.
Holton Horace. Gas Machine.
Levison <S: Blythe, Stationers.
Lockwood Lewis, Artificial Limbs.
McXichol James, Merchant Tailor.
Morgens G. c*c Bro., Steam Dyeing.
Oesterreieher 6c Co., Great Western
Chemical Works.
Partridge Geo. ^ Co., Oils, etc.
Planters' House, Sparr \ Kelsey. Props.
Pullis T. R. ii: Co., Mississippi Iron
Works.
St. Nicholas Hotel, Enos Jennings.
St. Louis ana Peoria Plow Co.
Southern Hotel, Laveille, Warner & Co.
AVestlake & Button. Blacksmiths' Tools.
RAILRO.\DS.
Chicago, Alton & St. Louis.
Indianapolis .5c St. Louis.
Illinois Central.
Ohio (S: Mississippi.
St. Louis. Vandalia, Terre Haute i*!: In-
dianapolis.
Toledo, Wabash & Western.
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
E.A.Sa?'Vyr-^I^3D I
Indianapolis & St. Louis
T^IA ir<fDIA.IVAF>OLIS AIVO CRESTLIIVE.
Omnibuses leave Ticket Office, No. I 05 North Fourth St., St. Louis,
as follows:
7.45 A. M. DAY EXPRESS
4,00 Pi Mi I Cincinnati & Louisville Express
\ I>ail>-, Except Sat\ir?la;!>"s.
iMtMA^^^ yORK EXPRESS
V I>ail5-, Elxceiit Siinclaj-s.
s@" THREE THROUGH EXPRESS TRAINS'^
Each with close connections for all points East, Xortli and Southeast.
No Change of Cars to Indianapolis and Principal Points East
And the only line having direct Eastern connections with all
morning trains from the "West.
Remember this is the only line -which runs three through express trains daily
to INDIANAPOLIS, CINCINNATI and Eastern cities.
J^S'OET TOm TICKETS OVER THIS FATOMITE HOVTE.-^^x
O. S. PEASE, S. r. PIERSON,
General Superintendent, St. Louis. General Ticket Agent. St. Louis.
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
WROUGHT IRON PORTABLE HOTEL AND FAMILY
liAHQ£S
Hotel Broilers, Carving Tables
TEA AM> COFFEE IRXS, Ac.;
— MANI'FACTl-KKI) I'.Y —
BLj[liCtjJ\f\D <f Q/iUfiisofl
116 N. Main Street, St. LOUIS. Lc,
LEVISON & BLYTHE,
steam Printepfs^
BLjlNK BOOK Mjl^UFACTUI\ERS.
Importers and Dealers in
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC STATIONERY.
Cap, Letter and Note Paper, Envelopes, Etc.
Sole Proprietors in this Iiistriet of
THe Aiitoniatie Envelope 3Xa.chine.
MANrFAlTfRERS OF
CUT and GUMMED LABLES.
219 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, 310.
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
JES 2Vl.^JC.-rS.^Jg:J3 JS32,
G. MORGENS & BRO.
ST. LOUIS
Steam Byeini Scoirint
AND
WATERING ESTABLISHMENT,
JTo. 5 South Fourth Street,
Bet. Market and Walnut, west side, ST, LOUIS, MO.
>^"A11 letters and orders, per mail or express, will be promptly attended to and
forwarded C. O. Z).
31. <Sc L. CHZ^A^SE,
Manufacturers and Dealers in
BAGGING.
Cotton and Linen Seamless, Gunny, Bvirlap, Paper, Cotton and Jute
Bags for "Wheat, Corn, "Wool, Bran, Flour, Potatoes,
Seeds, Dried Fruits, Salt, Hams, Etc.
BAGGING, TWINE, SECOND-HAND BAGS.
SACKS PRINTED TO ORDER.
Warehouse and Office, No. 17 North Main Street,
ST. LOUIS, MO.
ST. LOUIS I»EPARTMENT,
GREAT SHORT LINE EAST!
I3SriDI^iTJ^:E=OXjIS.
YANDALIA ROUTE!
T"viro Daily Trains to Chicago •without
Change of Cars.
three: 3>A.I1L.Y Tlt^irVS P"OK.
INDIANAPOLIS, LOUISVILLE, CINCINNATI
COLXJIVI B TJS,
Piltslinii, Ealtifflore, Wasliiuflou. PMladelpMa, New Tori M Boston.
PULLMAN'S DRAWING-ROOM SLEEPING CARS
Run from #;T. LOUIS to NEW YORK aud ST. LOUIS to LOUIS-
VILLE. ^vithout change.
«3=-THE VANDALIA ROUTE is undeniably the shortest, quickest and best to
all Eastern cities.
Tickets for sale at offices of Kansas Pacific Railway aud all other connecting
lioes, and at Company's office, in St. Louis, northeast corner Fourtli and Chestnut
'Streets.
iC m. PEDDUEl, GEO. B. HALL, F. CHANDLER,
Gen'l Suiit.,Terr« Haute. West. Taes. Agt., Kansas City. Geul Ticktt Agt, St. Louis.
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
THOMAS E. PULLIS. JOHN PULLIS.
lESTABLISHED, 1839)
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURL
T. E. PlllilS & Bit,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Cast & Wrought Iron Work
"VT O S, IC S: •
SeTeiitli, Eighth and Hickory Streets.
:N"os. 206 and 208 N. Sixth Street.
-Iron Fronts, Window Caps and Sills, Cast Iron Plumbers'
Ware, Enameled Grates, Iron and Slate Mantels, Jail
Work, Bank Vaults, Commercial Safe Fronts,
Doors, Shutters, Iron Railings (loo Styles),
Verandahs, Chairs, Settees, Vases, Foun-
tains, Ornamental Iron Goods, Iron
Bedsteads, Store Stools, Bolts,
ANCHORS, STRAPS AND SASH WEIGHTS.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
■•♦*■»■
" TffffTT f Tf T Tf— T T f * t t t t
DUHME & OO,
4th and Walnut Sts., Cincinnati,
MANTKACTrKE
Itlid^ Silverwai
FINE GOLD GOODS.
Import I)iaiu(nirls and Mount Dianionds.
l)uhnie in Co. have every facility for making, to order, massive pieces of solid
silver, of as elaborate a finish or as complicated in design as luay be desired.
Designs for presentation pieces furnished to order.
Dulime & Co.'s patterns of spoons and forks, unsurpassed for beauty of finish
and elegance of stylo, are furnished to the trade at lowest wholesale rates
Dulinie &. Co. are wholesale and retail dealers in American and foreign watches,
and in watch tools and materials for watchmakers.
Duhnie & Co. pay full rates for silver and gold bullion.
I>tJPI3XE: &: OO.
Silversmiths and Goldsmiths. Importers of "Watches and Diamonds.
Jf-tli and ^\'alnut Sts.
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
I>i*ai>ei' and. TTailoi*,
TEMPLE BUILDING.
Northwest cor. Fifth and Walnut Streets
wm^ i?#wiSf M#®
a-EisrTi_.En^s/d:Eisr's
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k.'mP'^
^r^^-m^j-mi
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A SPECIALTY.
I import the largest stock of fine woolens for men's wear
in St. Louis. I make them to measure in the most thorough,
artistic style, at the LOWEST PRICES possible for the
article furnished.
AMERICAN LIVERY ARTISTICALLY FURNISHED.
2-St L
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
GREAT WABASH ROUTE!
Tole(lo,Wabash& Western
^a.iiLjXV^ja."5r,
THE GBEAT THROUGH LIXE
FROM THE
MISSISSIPPI TO THE ATLANTIC
'Witliont Cliang-e oT Cars I
With choice of three routes, via St. Louis, Quincy or Hannibal.
Three throngh Express Trains leave ST. LOUIS, QUINCY or HANXIBAL, daily,
on arrival of trains from the West, for LAFAYETTE, IXDIAXAP( >LIS, flNCIN-
NATI, LonsVILLE, FORT WAYXE, PITTSBURG, HARRISBURGH. DETROIT,
CLEVELAND, BUFFALO, NIAGARA FALLS,
New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington
MAGNIFICENT PALACE SLEEPING CARS
On all night trains, and
Piilliuau's k Wagner's Famous Cars tbrouarh to New York Without Chaugre.
Tickets can be obtained at all the principal ticket offices in the West.
W. L. MALCOLM, G. H. BURROWS,
Gen"l Pass. Agent, Toledo. General Supt.
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
hM
WIS Ii0CKW©0
FIFTEEN YEARS' EXPERIENCE
f
IX THE MAXUFACTCRE OF
jD:Et. :b l"^'s
Patent Lesfs and Arms.
WITH
THE
Anatomical
LEG, I
THE ANKLE LIKE NATURAL ONE,
With all recent improvements, guaranteed for Five Years.
The ARMY and NAYY LEG, without Side Motion, and all the old style Legs,
from $75 to $100.
U. S. SOLDIERS FURNISHED ON GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT.
Blank forms for application furnished without charge.
Sutisfaction guaranteed in all cases. Patients can try their
legs before making any payment.
Repairing done at moderate rate-;. Descriptive pamphlets sent free by addressing
LEWIS LOCKWOOD,
519 Pine St.^ ST. LOUIS, M.O
ST. LOUIS DEPAicTMENT,
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
OOLXjEG-E
Cor, Eighth and Cerre Sts.
This literary institution, situated near the Pacific Railroad Depot, in tlie city of
St. Louis, Missouri, was founded by the Brotliers of tlie Christian Scliools in ISol ;
incorporated and empowered to confer degrees and acadenaic:.! honors by the Stcta
Legislature in lS-55. Its successful career is marked by tlie large amount of public
confldenee it has already gained, and the annual increase of the number of students.
These happy results are the best recommendation to isarcnts and guardians. Every
possible attention is paid to whatever cau contribute to the health and happincs.j
of its inmates— ventilation, cleanliness, spacious halls, dormitories, refectory, recre-
ation halls for cold and damp weather, etc., etc.
The various arts and sciences usually taught in colleges find here an appro-
priate place in a system of education established by experience, conducted on tlio
most approved plan, and with a devotedness commensurate with the greatness of
the work engaged in. By reason of the great number of classes, a thorough grada-
tion for all capacities and requirements has been attained, and the frequent exam-
inations and promotions beget emulation, the soul of advancement, making labor
a pleasure and success a certainty.
The institution possesses an excellent Philosophical and Chemical Apparatus, a
Mu*;6um and a select Library, for the use of the students.
The College Farm, situated ten miles from the city, close by the Pacific Rail-
road, aftbrds ample means of agreeable and healthy recreation to students wkj
wish to pass the vacation there.
FOR BOARI>EKS.
Board and tuitioD, per gession of 10 moutlip, ...---- ?260 00
Washing, - , - - - - -0 00
Entrance fee,- -' - - - - - - - - - - 10(0
Graduation fee, - - - - - ■ - - - - - " - 10 00
FOR HALF BOARDERS.
Board and tuition, per session of 10 months, ...---- $125 00
Entrance fee, -- - - - - - - - - - " 5 03
FOR DAT SCnOLAKS.
Tuition, per session of 10 months, - - - - - - - - ■ fCO 00
Tiiition in junior department, - - - - - -- - - -40 00
Entrance fee, - -.- - - - --. -" " 5 CO
/!fS=- PAYMENT OF HALF SESSION IN ADVANCE. "Sa
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMETCT.
A. K. HALTEMAN,
MANTM-ArTT-RKIl <jr
STEAM ENGINES AND MILL MACHINERY
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And Dealer j:i Millstones, Belting, Bolting Cloth, Grain Cleaning Machinery, and
Mill Furnishing Goods of every description,
1611 cC- 1613 Jackson St., bet. Carroll and Soulard,
ST- XjOTJIS, lyto-.
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ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
Southern Hotel,
Fronting on Fourth, Fifth and Walnut Sts,
ST. LOUIS, MO,
I /
LAVEILLE, WARNER k CO., Proprietors.
The Southern Hotel is first-class in all its appointments.
Its tables are at all times supplied, in the greatest abundance, with all the
delicacies the markets afFord.
Its clerks and employees are all polite and attentive to the wants of the
guests of the Hotel.
There is an improved Elevator leading from the first floor to the upper
one.
Railroad and Steamboat Ticket Offices, News Stand and W'estern Union
Telegraph Office in rotunda of Hotel.
ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT.
Ohio & Mississippi
WLJLTX.^gVA^\
TO
CINCINNATI, LOUISVILLE
And all £asterii Cities.
TRAINS LEAVE ST. LOUIS AS FOLLOWS:
S.30 -A..lVt. 1S/LJS^I1Lm rUFLJ^XT^
Dally, except Sunday, stoppiug at all Stations a-nd
Arriving at Cincinnati nt 10.4.3 P.M.
7.15 A.M. Lightning Express
I>ally, except Sunday, stopping only tor wood and water, and
Arriving at C ln<iniiatl at ^.4.5 P.M.. nu<l at Loui^^ville at 8.30 P.M.
ONLY 12 1-2 UOIBS TO CINCINNATI
Where it makes immediate connections, without omnibus transfer,
with niirht expres^s trains eastward on Erie, Little Miatni
A Marietta lines, through
JB@°^ WITHOUT CHANGE OF CARS TO AIL EASTERN CITIES.-^
Arriving at Xcw York at O.OO A.M.
6 P. M. Night Express Every Day
Arriving at Cincinnati at 7.30 A. M., and making immediate connections there with
all Eastern bound trains. Through to New York and all Eastern cities,
wiTHOCT CHANGE OF CARS, arriving at New York at 2.30 P. M.
PULLMAN'S PALACE SLEEPING CARS & NIGHT COACHES
Witli Reclining Seats, always accompany this train.
Through tickets at the lowest rates, and through bagg.'xge checks to all Eastern cities and stations,
may l,e procured at the TICKET OFFICES, Kos. 101 and 103 Kortli Fourth Street, cor-
ner of Chestnut, and at the various hotels.
J. L. GRISWOLD. CHAS. E. FOLLEH. CHAS. B. WARDROP,
General Superintendent. Ge-jeral Ticket Agent. Ticket Agent.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
Iffliitii f^tmtpal Ballr <>ad
The DIRECT Route from ST. LOUIS to CHICAGO
WITHOUT CHANGE OF CARS !
2 Daily Express Trains leave St. Louis, making Direct Connections at Chicago
with all Eastern Lines for
TOLEDO, CLEVELAND, NIAGARA FALLS, PITTSBITGH
MONTREAL, DETROIT, BUFFALO,
Neuu York, Philadelphia, Boston,
AND ALL PARTS OF THE EAST.
Also, with Kortliern Lines for
Milwaukee, Madison, Prairie du CMen, Green Bay.
Janesville, Fond du Lac, La Crosse, St. Paul,
AND ALL PARTS OF THE NORTH-WEST.
2 DAILY EXPRESS TRAINS ALSO LEAVE ST. LOUIS FOR
DECATUR, LA SALLE, FREEPORT, DUBUQUE, FORT DODGE,
BLO0MINGTON, MENDCTA, GALENA, WATERLOO, SIOUX GITY,
AND ALL PAETS OF ILLINOIS AND IOWA.
THIS IS THE ONLY DIRECT ROUTE
From St. Louis to all parts of the South & Southeast!
IT IS THIRTY MILES SHORTER AND TWO HOURS QUICKER THAN ANY OTHER.
ST. LOUIS TO CAIRO WITHOUT CHANGE OF CARS!
O Daily Express Trains leave St. Louis, making direct con-
^ nections at Cairo for
M:eiiipliis, Viclisl>xirg', ]>J[ol>ile, ]Ve-«v Orleans,
ana all parts of the South.
ALSO, FOR
Nashville, Chattanoogo, Atlanta ^E:noxville, and all parts of the Southeast.
FOR THROUGH TICKETS, Apply at the Illinois Central R. R. Office, 102
North Fourth Street, St. Louis, and at principal R. R. offices throughout the West.
W. H. STENNETT, W. P. JOHNSON, A. MITCHELL,
Gen. Agent, St. Louis. ^^ Gen. Pass. Agt., Chicago, Gen. sJpt., Chicago.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
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AI7D C0LOP.ADO GAZETTEER.
REPUBLIC
CAPITAL STOCK, - $5,000,000.
2J per cent, paid; over three-fifths t<akeii.
JOHN V. FARIFELL, President.
URREN E. MOORE, Secretary.
A. W. KELLOGG, Vke-PrcCt.
PAUL CORNELL, zd Vke-Prtihlcnt.
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Central Offices, 161 & 163 La Salle St.,
IT^MQ^Oi
Branch Offices— 409 Broadway, New Yorlc City; corner Third and
Walnut Streets, Cincinnati; corner Fifth and Olive Streets,
St. Louis, and in 20 other places.
W. T. Allen, Day, Allen & Co.. Grocers.
.Tohn A'. Farwell,.Tohn V. rarwcU & Co., Dry GolkIs.
Paul Cornell, South Park Commissioner.
Chaunccy T. Bowen. Bowen Bros., Real Estate, etc.
Leonard Swett, Attorney, anil President Lam ir Fire
Insuriuice Company.
AVm. Bross, Chicagn Trihiine
Clias. B. Farwell, .Tohn \. Farwell & Co . Dry Goods.
■ v. D Gray, Gray Bros, k Plielps, Grocers,
llenrv W. King, Henry W. King &, Co., Wholesale
Clothing,
C. M Henderson, C. M. Henderson & Co., Boots and
Shoes.
-V. W. Kellogg, late Secretary Northwestern Mutual
Life Insurance Company.
I!. F. Allen, Des Moines. Iowa.
C. F. Paine, Oshkosh, Wis.
S. A. Kent, A. E. Kent & Co., Provisions, etc.
Auseu Stager, Superintendent Western Union Tide-
graph Company.
Walter S. Carter, Carter A Becker, Attorneys.
I. N. Hardin, Cusliman & Hardin, Bankers.
T. M. Avery, Lumber, and President Elgin Watch
Company.
C. M. Cady, iloot & Cady, Music Dealers.
A. C. Hessing, I'roprietor, Illinois Staats Zeituni;.
II. A. Ilurlljut, IlurUnit & Edsall, Drug-s, etc.
Geo. C. Smith, President National Loan and Trust
Com pan V Bank.
A. B. Meeker, Coal and Iron, and President Juliet
Iron Works.
■Tesse W. Fell, Normal, 111.
Geo. Greene, Cedar Ranids, Iowa.
X. S. DAVIS, M.D.
II. WEBSTER JONES, M.D.
CUAS. GILMAN SMITH, M.D.
EOCKY MOUNTAIN DIRECTORY
THE UNITED STATES
This Is a beater press, Mlth vertical parallel levers, working with enormous
power, less friction and more speed than any other press, without exception, ever
offered to the public.
Tiio Iriles arc 'Jixifl Indies at il - - - _ l un'ifi; arp pressed in tl'e
shnpe, form and finish of a brick, an.l will Btuio ad a.iv(iulti»ic..ii6l>. ii.\)i,U\. t.. tfen tons can be luaclid
with perfect ease inti) an onlinnry box car. Id fastening tlje bale, iron, wooden hoops, wire and rope ia
used; but wire is recommended.
W. IL B.LYKS, Proprietor,
46 and 48 West I<ake St., Chicago, 111.
Williams' ComTDined Self-Raking Reaper and Hower,
AliSO,
Which Is especially adapted for mowing on Rough, Stony and Uneven Gkound
Attention is called to
VAN BRUNT'S BROAD AST SEED SOTVER k (ULTITATOR COMBINED.
A full stock of standard Agricultural Implements and Farm Machinery on hand,
BRADLEY 8c BANKS, General Agents,
40 and 4S AWst Lake St., Chicago, III.
P. EYCLESHIMEE, Local Agent.
DENVER, COL.
AND COLORADO GAZETTEER.
PatBitlcliiiiB-lailBRopfiflloilfliis
3IA>"UFAC'TIHIKD SOLKLY BY
AUSTIN & BOYNTON,
Office and Factory, 25 North Jefferson St., Chicago.
j^JtraifZ jr-XATy.-
Plne or White Wood.
5-8 iuch, per foot (lineal), $ .05
1 " " " .07
\y, " " " .K)
2 ' " " •• .14
21. " " " .10
o " " '• .25
Black Walnut.
5-8 inch, per foot (lineal), S .10
1 " " " ' .13
1^ " '• '• .17
•>!<<
CTJT lilGiaiT .A.lNriD LEIFT.
E. C. AUSTIN.
.35
A. P. BOYXTON.
These peculiar mouldings are now very perfectly made, botli in design and
finish, by ingenious machinery, lately so improved and perfected that the work-
manship cannot be surpassed in beauty of style or finish, and have become almost
indispensable in our modern style of architecture. They are cut entirely round;
but can be split through when desired, which is done at the factory, free of charf;:c.
Besides these mouldings, Austin & Boynton keep constantly on hand, for sale at
lowest rates, a complete assortment of other mouldings, of all kinds, samples of
Aiiiich are furnished free of charge; also, balusters and newel posts.
GEO. N. BILLINGS, Agent,
DENVER, COLORADO
Boynton & Son,
DEALERS IN
Jewelry t Wai«l©8
SILVER AND PIATEO WARE,
Especial care devoted to manufacturing and repairing.
Cor. State and Twelfth Sts.,
A. P. BOYNTON.
-ALBERT. J. BOYNTON.
CHIICJ^OO.
KOCKV MOUNTAIN DIRECTORr
OVER 400 ACTUAL FIRES PUT OUT WITH IT!
eo-Mor«- tUan ^5,.5<>0,000.00 Worth of Property Savctl
from tlio ili*i»iesI"Sa
THE GOVERNMENT HAS ADOPTED IT.
Puts out Burning Kerosene^ Benzine y Tar^ l\irnishy Oils, Etc.
EXWlWC^UISnEK
&
F. W. FARWELI. Secretary,
122 Washington Street, CHICAGO.
SJCi^'Ji If-Oil
Jwa Jixccoiix}.
From the Cliirnfifi Tribune. January 4, 1871.
The pfficncy of the Bahcock Fire Kxtingniiflier in the prompt siipiireHsion of fires has been repeatedly
iliciii'DRtraied. In the hands of the fire depnitninnt it hiuj proved u powerfnl aid, and has been the means
' 1. 1' prevenling the spreaii of conflagnitions which wonld otherwise have taxed the energies of the whole
force. The following extract from the report of Hook and Ladder Truck No. 1, for the month ending
December 31, 1870, gives a fair exhibit of the services rendered by the Babcock Extingninher:
PATE.
NO. OF BOX.
LOCATION.
REMARKS.
li.'ceniber 1
17
SO Van Buren street.
Kxcellent service done with Bubcock.
ItfCenil'cr 2
26
238 Kandolph street.
166 Van Bnren street.
Put out with Babcock.
December 9
18
Put out with Balici^ck.
Uecembcr 11
Still.
Coort House.
I'ut out with Babcock.
December 13
Still.
Rear 125 La Salle street.
Put out with Babcock.
December 16
5
90 Michigan avenue.
Put out with Babcock.
Hecember 24
9
Court House.
Kxcellent service done with Babcock.
December 29
Still.
Chamber of Commerce.
Kxcellent service done with Babcock.
GEO. ERNST, Foreiuan.
<l4dn^
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